'YALE«¥]MH¥EI^Sair¥"

THE HISTORY

OF THE

NINETEENTH REGIMENT

OF

MAINE VOLUNTEER INFANTRY
1 862- 1 865

BY

JOHN DAY SMITH
LATE A CORPORAL IN COMPANY F

PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF THE
NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENTAL
ASSOCIATION

WITH AN INTRODUCTION WRITTEN BY
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL
ALEXANDER S. WEBB

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
printed by
The Great Western Printing Company
1909

Copyright, 1909
BY
JOHN DAY SMITH,
MINNEAPOLIS.
Cc 3 X ^ :i I d

rnis VOLUME is reverently dedicated
TO THE
OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS
OF THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
OF
INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS
TO THE LIVING AND THE DEAD,
IN MEMORY OF
TflBIR SACRIFICES, THEIR BRAVERY, THEIR SUFFER
INGS AND THEIR DEATH

Colonel Francis E. Heath.

INTRODUCTION

Hon. John Day Smith,
iVlinneapolis, Minn.
My Dear Judge Smith:
It is not only a high compliment to be asked to write a
few words of introduction to the history of the Nineteenth
Maine Volunteers, a typical Second Division, Second Corps
Regiment, but it is to me a welcomed opportunity to express,
nearly fifty years after the severance of the ties that were char
acterized by mutual confidence and respect, the admiration and
esteem 1 have on every occasion endeavored to manifest
when 1 have recalled your patriotism and sacrifices.
A history of the Nineteenth Maine is a history of the army
of the Potomac. A- record of your deeds is the record of the
patriotic services of the highest type of the Union Volunteers.
It was to such as you that was due the final obliteration of the
false impression that the northern farmer or mechanic, school
teacher or lawyer could not be made the equal of any soldier in
the world. You proved your capacity and your personal bravery on
every opportunity, at every encounter with your enemies, and
you were appreciated and honored by your associates.
When, at Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863, my Brigade was
almost overwhelmed, you and the remainder of the Second Di
vision, came to the midst of that fearful struggle and carnage,
and made good the resolve, that none of that 15,000 self-confi
dent misguided Corps of Rebels should come within our lines,
save as prisoners and without arms. Without earthworks,
with silenced batteries, you withstood the final attack as we
knew you would, and you joined in the final triumph.
Your historian will tell the story of this, our first service
together, and however strong may be his claim for the recog-

nition of this most opportune and most necessary support, rest
assured that 1, as commander of the Second Brigade, remain a
grateful and willing witness to your efficient and gallant support.
Well do 1 remember your coming on the run, upon the
field of battle at Bristoe Station, in the afternoon of October
14th, 1863. For sixty hours, with only six hours rest, you had
either been in line of battle, skirmishing with the enemy or
hurrying north by forced marches. General Lee was trying to
get between the old Second Corps and the rest of the army, and
then hoped to fall upon us, thus separated. 1 was then in
command of your Division, and General Warren commanded the
Corps — General Hancock being absent by reason of his Gettys
burg wound. Your Brigade, with Arnold's Rhode Island Bat
tery, led the Corps on that day's march, and your Colonel Heath
commanded the Brigade. You arrived none too soon. You
ran into position beside the railroad, the right of the Brigade
resting near Broad Run. The Rebel Brigades of Cooke and
Kirkland of Heth's Division, Hill's Corps, consisting of nine
regiments of North Carolina troops, supported by Davis' and
Walker's Brigades of eight regiments more, of Mississippi
and Virginia soldiers of the same Division, were already charg
ing down upon the position held by your own and the Third
Brigade of our Division. The enemy reached the railroad in
front of your Brigade, but the Rebel soldiers were driven back
with shot and bayonet and your Regiment captured the flag of
the Twenty-second North Carolina Regiment and a number of
prisoners. Heth's Division lost, according to their own ad
mission, nearly one thousand men in killed and wounded,
besides many prisoners and five guns. You may well look back
upon that engagement with pride.
From that period, during the long season of my command
of the Second Division of our Corps, you were with me a valued
and efficient Regiment. Always reliable and most trusted, it
was natural that 1 should be gratified at your retention in my
command when our Division was consolidated and became the
First Brigade of the new Second Division.
But you were destined to perform a part in the struggle of
the Wilderness which was of so great importance to me, as the

VI

General commanding the Brigade, that to this day, I think
with dismay of what might have happened had you not remain
ed alone as a Regiment, to stop the pursuit of the twelve Re
giments of my command which had been, after six hours of
bitter conflict, outflanked by General Wilcox's Rebel Division.
1 talked over this half days contention with General
Wilcox, several times during the first ten years after the war,
and he always spoke of the splendid fighting qualities of my
Brigade; since we, holding the right of the Corps, without the
Commander of our Division to appeal to for more support,
were made the point of attack by Field's Division on our left
front and Wilcox's Division on our main front and right. We
held it until I was ordered to leave you to go to the left and to
try to rally the broken Regiments of the Brigade of another
Division, which was falling back before Longstreet's midday
attack. It was an unfortunate order and it was followed by a more
injurious and improper order i. e. the order for you to break
the line you had so strongly held, and to charge the reinforced
lines of the enemy. That order caused the repulse of May 6tb.
During my absence of about fifteen minutes. General Wads
worth, who had assumed command of the right, had ordered
this charge and had fallen, leading my men.
1 came from the left front and found my line in possession
of the Rebels; but, on the plank road, formed across it, was the
Nineteenth Maine under Colonel Connor.
What a grand sight that was! Your Regiment was to
hold back that Rebel advance and 1 had the opportunity to
be with you.
No wonder that General Wilcox concluded that a new line
of battle had been formed — no wonder that the Rebels halted
to prepare a strong attack on the men they had fought for five
hours without success.
The Nineteenth Maine remained at that point until time
had been allowed to remove Colonel Connor, and the other
wounded, to the Brock Road; and then, under my order, the
Regiment left like skirmishers, and came to the remainder of
the Brigade from the front. It was a noble service.
vii

Of the charges and fighting on the several days up to the
I ath of May, others will write. 1 must be allowed to add that I was
wounded near your Regiment in the morning charge at the
Angle at Spottsylvania Court House and 1 do not think it
is possible to ask of any troops to perform a more hazardous
duty than to charge those fully manned, strong, well protected
breastworks. You took them as 1 was carried back.
May these few words remind you of my service with you —
remind you of one who was and is proud of his association
with you.
ALEXANDER S. WEBB,
Brevet Major-General U. S. A. and U. S. V.
New York City, January 2nd, 1909.

Vlll

PREFACE
A History of the Nineteenth Maine Regiment was discussed
in the reunions of the Regimental Association more than
twenty years ago. Spasmodic efforts were made from time
to time to have a history of the organization written and printed,
but nothing tangible came of it. Sergeant Silas Adams, the
long time Secretary of the Regimental Association, began to
speak and work for the history many years ago. The great
difficulty has been that when members of the old Regiment who
were qualified to prepare a history became interested in the
project, they sickened and died. Had Captain Charles E.
Nash lived, the work should and probably would have been
undertaken by him. He was best equipped for this labor.
Some five or six years ago the Regimental Association
decided that a history should be prepared by the different mem
bers of the old organization, and funds solicited for the print
ing and binding of the same. Certain periods of our army
service were assigned to different men. A very few of these
assignments were prepared, some of the men who were to write
died before completing their work and some were too busy to
undertake the task. The author was appealed to and urged
to take these contributions, fill up the gaps made by the miss
ing assignments, make the necessary corrections and prepare a
history of the Regiment. After going over the material, he
came to the conclusion that it was a hopeless task.
A history thus prepared would have been a medley — a hodge
podge — having neither uniformity, continuity nor coherence.
Different writers varied greatly in their recollection of events,
in their appreciation of certain crises in the history of the Regi
ment and in their estimation of the service and ability of com
manding officers.
The author then went to Washington and examined
all of the original records of the Regiment. Two years
ago he began the preparation of this volume, and from
ix

such time as he has been able to take from his somewhat
arduous official duties, he has prepared and submits this history
t his former comrades in arms.
Many of the men of the Regiment who were unjustly
reported as deserters the author has traced into Confederate
prisons, where some of them died.
It is not claimed that the Roster of the Regiment, which
appears at the end of the volume, is entirely accurate, but it is
urged with some degree of assurance that it is more nearly cor
rect than anything which has ever been printed.
Hundreds of letters have been written in the preparation
of this work. The replies to those letters would convince one,
if proof were necessary, that the survivors of the Regiment are
growing old. Inability to recall events that a person would
suppose could never be forgotten characterize the greater part
of the answers to these letters of inquiry.
The author was fortunate in keeping and preserving a
daily record of important events, which has been of great service
to him in this undertaking.
General Selden Connor furnished the material for the
greater portion of the chapter on the Battle of the Wilderness.
The complimentary allusions to himself in that chapter were
written by the author. In all other cases credit is given for
material furnished and used.
The author has been free in his comments and criticisms,
and for these he alone is responsible. He has not intentionally
written an unkind word with respect to anyone, nor has he
wished to wound the susceptibilities of any. He has had in
mind the words of General Grant: "I would like to see a
truthful history written. Such a history will do full credit to
the courage, endurance and ability of the American citizen, no
matter what section he hail from or in what ranks he fought."
In the preparation of this work some material was collected
which is not pertinent to a history of the Nineteenth Maine.
The author has regarded it as of sufficient interest to the people
of Maine to insert the same in an Appendix to this volume.
The undersigned desires to express his sense of obligation
to Brevet Major-General A. S. Webb, of New York City, for

his complimentary Introduction to this volume; to Sergeant
Silas Adams, without whose co-operation this history would
never have been written; to the late Colonel 1. W. Starbird and
Captain Charles E. Nash, for valuable information; to Lieu
tenant-Colonel J. W. Spaulding, of Boston, whose diary cover
ing the last year of the war was placed by him in the hands of
the writer; to Lieutenant George R. Palmer, through whose aid
maps of the battlefield of Gettysburg were obtained, which may
be found in the chapter on Getysburg; to Mr. E. S. Hughes,
for reading proof; to Mr. Frank L. Bowler, Court Reporter, for
taking in shorthand and transcribing these pages, and to his
wife, Laura B. Smith, who has patiently examined authorities,
read proof and verified tables and statistics.
Conscious of typographical errors that have crept into these
pages, and fully realizing that this volume may not meet the
expectations of all, the author submits it with some degree of
trepidation to his old comrades of the Nineteenth Maine Regi
ment. John Day Smith.
Minneapolis, July 26th, 1909.

XI

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

Organization of the Regiment and service in the
Forts around Washington 

Page

CHAPTER II.
Harper's Ferry, Bolivar Heights and the March
to Warren ton Junction under General
McClellan  14
CHAPTER 111.
Battle of Fredericksburg  23
CHAPTER IV.
The Chancellorsville Campaign  39
CHAPTER V.
Gettysburg Campaign  c,^
CHAPTER VI.
Back to the Rappahannock, Bristoe Station,
Mine Run and Second Winter in Camp  10 1
CHAPTER VII.
Battle of the Wilderness  129
CHAPTER VIII.
Battle of Spottsylvania  147
CHAPTER IX.
On the North Anna  i74
CHAPTER X.
Battles of Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor  182
xiii

CHAPTER XI. Page
South of the James River and Battles in Front
of Petersburg, June 16-20, 1864  200
CHAPTER Xll.
Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road   206
CHAPTER Xlii.
Battles of Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains  221
CHAPTER XIV.
Battles of Reams' Station and Boydton Road  231
CHAPTER XV.
Last Winter in Camp and Battle of
Hatcher's Run  253
CHAPTER XVL
Prisoners of War  272
CHAPTER XVII.
The Appomattox Campaign  291
CHAPTER XVHL
The Joyful Return Home  309

Roster of the Regiment  317
Appendix  353

xiv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Colonel Francis E. Heath. .. .Frontispiece
John Day Smith, Historian. .18
Sergeant Silas Adams. . . . .70
Pickett's Charge, Gettysburg  82
Regimental Monument, Gettysburg  88
Major David E. Parsons  . 1 16
Adoniram J. Billings, Surgeon  124
Brigadier-General Selden Connor, 1864  136
Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Spaulding, 1864  138
Hon. Selden Connor, 1905 .... 142
Brigadier-General Webb  156
"Bloody Angle," Spottsylvania, May 12th  158
Captain Wm. H. Fogler  186
Corporal John Day Smith  208
Captain Charles E. Nash  238
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General Isaac W. Starbird. .306
Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Spaulding, 1905  310
LIST OF MAPS
First Day's Battie, Gettysburg  66
Second Day's Battle, Gettysburg  72
Third Day's Battle, Gettysburg  80
Cavalry Engagement, Gettysburg  88
XV

CHAPTER I.

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT AND SERVICE IN THE
FORTS AROUND WASHINGTON.
War is a terrible curse. Some wars are justifiable; most
are not. The War of the Rebellion — now generally called the
Civil War — ^was a conflict that could not have been avoided by
the North, except by the giving up of the old Union. Revolu
tion or rebellion is justifiable only when the existing government
becomes oppressive and intolerable or when the rights of the
people are disregarded. Surely there was no just ground for
rebellion on the part of the Slave States. The prosecution of
the war on the part of the North was for the preservation of
the Union — the maintenance of the best government in the
world. The outcome of the war was never seriously in doubt,
except upon the unlikely contingency of the intervention of
foreign powers. The length of the war depended upon the
skill or incompetency with which it was prosecuted by both
sides. The North was rich. While money will buy provisions
and munitions of war, it will not buy skillful leadership. What
ever the Army of the Potomac accomplished in the four years
of its eventful history, was not won by the military genius of
its commanders, but by its own blood.
The war had been in progress more than a year when the Nine
teenth was organized. President Lincoln had issued two calls
for troops. Under the call of April 15, 1861, 75,000 three-
months men had been raised. By authority of the President's
proclamation of May 3, 1861, and acts of Congress, approved
July 22nd and 25th, 1861, 500,000 volunteers entered the service
for three years. On July 2nd, 1862, there was another demand
made for 300,000 men for three years, and it was under this
call that Maine furnished five infantry regiments, the Sixteenth,
Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth. Author
ity for raising the "Nineteenth of Maine Volunteers" was con
tained in the following General Order:

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT.

Headquarters, Adjutant General's OflBce
Augusta, July 8, 1862

General Order No. 18.

In pursuance of requisition and authority from the President of
the United States, the Governor and Commander-in-Chief orders and
directs, that an additional regiment of infantry, for the service of the
govemment, the Nineteenth of Maine Volunteers, to rendezvous at
Bath, be raised and organized forthwith. Instructions in detail are
prepared for recruiting agents, who will obtain their authority, with
all the requisite blanks for making enlistments, from the Adjutant
General at Augusta, and such other persons as may hereafter be
designated. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, John L. Hodsdon, Adjutant General.

The Nineteenth was exceptionally strong in many respects.
Its members were almost exclusively natives of Maine. There
was scarcely a foreigner among its original members. Then
the Regiment was raised at a time when the idea so fondly
indulged in at first, that the war would only last a short time,
had been thoroughly dissipated. Within two weeks, prior to
the time the Governor of Maine had designated the Nineteenth
as one of the Regiments to be raised in Maine, the disastrous
battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station and
Glendale had been fought and McClellan's army had been
driven back from in front of Richmond, to Harrison's Landing
on the James river. From soldiers, sick and wounded, return
ing from the theater of war, the men who constituted the Regi
ment had the opportunity of learning from the experience of
others, that the war was no holiday affair. They knew some
thing of what enlistment meant in hardship and suffering.
Large bounties appealing to mercenary motives, had not yet
been offered. Men who entered the service at this time were
generally prompted by patriotism.
? The men who composed the Regiment came principally
from the counties of Somerset, Kennebec, Sagadahoc, Waldo,
Knox and Lincoln. More came from the county of Waldo
than any other one county. Practically all the men in com
panies B and E, three-fourths of Company D, and one-third of

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 5
Company C, were residents of Waldo county. All the counties
in the State, however, had representatives in the Regiment.
In the early days of August, boys and young men, in
squads and singly, were found wending their way toward the
city of Bath, coming from up and down the Kennebec, along
the sea-shore from Bath to Thomaston, and the towns border
ing on the Penobscot. These young men came principally
from farms, but some came from stores, factories and schools.
Some had already learned trades, others were learning them>
and some few were in professional life. The neat dress of the
city fellow, as well as the plain garb of the farmer's boy, was
soon exchanged for the soldier's uniform. Who will ever for
get those trousers, in color somewhere between sky blue and
pea green, that did not bag simply at the knees but bagged the
whole length? The shoes were made for feet of all shapes and
sizes, but when a soldier had selected a pair which he thought
came nearest to his size, there was always plenty of room to
spare in all directions, except one or two places where they
pinched. The coats and blouses were of a dark blue, and the
black hats, fastened up the side with brass eagles, were too
gaudy to describe. We began at once to drill, perform guard
duty, have Sunday inspections, daily dress parades and, in fact,
learned to be soldiers. Chaplain Eliphalet Whittlesey rounded
the men up on Sundays and preached patriotism and religion.
Colonel Sewell also called us together occasionally and talked
patriotism and temperance, and urged us to be loyal, temperate
and religious. We had occasion to remember his address on
temperance two or three months later at Warrenton.
The following is a list of the commissioned officers of the
Regiment :
Frederick D. Sewell, Bath, Colonel
Francis E. Heath, Waterville, Lieutenant-Colonel
Henry W. Cunningham, Belfast, Major
Adoniram J. Billings, Freedom, Surgeon
Eliphalet Whittlesey, Brunswick, Chaplain
James W. Wakefield, Bath, Quartermaster
Frank W. Haskell, Waterville, Adjutant
Henry C. Levansaler, Thomaston, Assistant Surgeon

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT.
COMPANY A.
James W. Hathaway, Mercer, Captain
J. Whitman Spaulding, Richmond, First Lieutenant
David E. Parsons, Norridgewock, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY B.
Lindley M. Coleman, Lincolnville, Captain
William Clements, Monroe, First Lieutenant
Levi RackliflF, Lincolnville, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY C.
George H. Rowell, Fairfield, Captain
Joseph H. Hunt, Unity, First Lieutenant
Francis M. Ames, Fairfield, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY D.
William H. Fogler, Belfast, Captain
Horace C. Noyes, Belfast, First Lieutenant
Edward R. Cunningham, Belfast, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY E.
Daniel L. Dickey, Stockton, Captain
James Johnson, Searsport, First Lieutenant
John S. Tapley, Frankfort, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY F.
Isaac W. Starbird, Litchfield, Captain
George L. Whitmore, Bowdoinham, First Lieutenant
Charles E. Nash, Hallowell, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY G.
James W. Welch, Augusta, Captain
Everett M. Whitehouse, China, First Lieutenant
George C. Hopkins, Mt. Vernon, Second Lieutenant

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 5
COMPANY H.
Joseph Eaton, Jr., Winslow, Captain
Willard Lincoln, China, First Lieutenant
Albert Hunter, Clinton, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY I.
Edward A. Snow, Rockland, Captain
Gershom F. Burgess, Camden, First Lieutenant
George D. Smith, Rockland, Second Lieutenant
COMPANY K.
Charles S. Larrabee, Bath, Captain
Joseph Nichols, Phipsburg, First Lieutenant
Dumont Bunker, Fairfield, Second Lieutenant
Colonel Sewell had served for a short time as Assistant
Adjutant-General on the staff of General Howard. Lieutenant-
Colonel Heath had been promoted from Captain of Company
H, Third Maine Regiment. Major Cunningham had seen
service as Captain of Company A, Fourth Maine. Adjutant
Haskell had been Sergeant-Major in the Third Maine. First
Lieutenant Whitehouse, of Company G, was promoted from
Corporal of Company B, Third Maine Regiment. Second
Lieutenant Bunker, of Company K, had served as a private in
Company F, Third Maine Regiment. A few men in the ranks
had also been in other Regiments.
Sewell, Heath, Billings, Starbird, Fogler, Spaulding,
Parsons, Hopkins, and many others among the non-commis
sioned officers and privates were college men. The keen in
telligence of the educated volunteer was of the utmost value.
Illiteracy was reduced to the minimum in the Nineteenth.
James L. Merrick, of Company C, writes as follows: —
"The boys had considerable fun those first days at Bath, and,
with the fun, some mischief. A gentleman had an ambrotype gallery
on wheels within the encampment and had taken so many ridiculous
pictures of members of the Regiment in their new uniforms, the boys

6 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
thought they had better have a little sport with him; so one dark
night they set the establishment on fire and burned it to the ground.
A few years after the war this same gentleman, still sore over his loss,
sent a bill to the Nineteenth Maine Regimental Association, hoping to
get his pay, but the men thought that was one of the losses of the war
and that he must stand it."
The Regiment was mustered into the United States ser
vice August 25th, 1862, by Captain C. J. Bailey, 17th U. S.
Infantry, for a term of three years. The Regiment numbered
at the time of the muster, thirty-nine officers and nine hundred
and sixty-nine enlisted men. Early on the morning of Wednes
day, August 27th, we were ordered to be ready to move from
camp, and marched through the streets of Bath to the railroad
station. We were a sight to behold on this morning. The men
had put everything in their knapsacks that they thought there
would be any possibility of their needing in the future. In
deed, some had nearly everything necessary to set up house
keeping, except a cookstove. Our overcoats and rubber
blankets were strapped to the top of our knapsacks, and the
straps cut pretty deep into the shoulders before we reached the
railroad station. It was rather a pathetic sight as the train
moved out of the station at Bath, leaving behind the fathers
and mothers, brothers, sisters and sweethearts there assembled,
waving with their handkerchiefs a brave farewell to the men —
many of whom they would never see again. The Regiment
arrived at Boston at two o'clock in the afternoon and marched
across the city to the Providence station, where we took the
train for Stonington Neck. From Stonington, some time in
the night, we took the steamer "Commonwealth" for Jersey
City. We arrived in New York harbor about nine o'clock in the
morning, and there had a fine view of the ship "Great Eastern."
It was an immense aflfair and in those days created considerable
excitement and comment, on account of its enormous size. The
Regiment arrived in Philadelphia at ten or eleven o'clock, and
took supper that night at the "Cooper Shop" refreshment
saloon. It was a place of bountiful refreshment, maintained
throughout the war by the patriotic people of that city. The
"Cooper Shop" was notified by signal whenever a regiment
arrived en route to the city of Washington. The boys long

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 7
remembered the splendid repast in that place, and some of
them remembered for a longer time the embraces of the girls on
the streets after supper, while waiting for the cars. We arrived
in Baltimore about ten o'clock the next day, and marched
across the city, where we took the train for the seat of war. The
Regiment arrived at Washington, Friday evening, August 29th
and that night we went into a camp called "Soldier's Rest." ;
Washington was then a very different city from the Wash
ington of today. Its streets were unpaved and most of its
stores and residences were old wooden structures. The dome
of the capitol was unfinished. Outside of the public buildings
there was not much to interest one. Pennsylvania avenue,
its principal street, was cut into ruts and after a storm was
almost impassable. 1 1 was no unusual sight to see heavily loaded
army wagons stalled on that avenue. Everywhere were seen
hurrying troops and staflF officers arrayed in gorgeous uniforms.
No one seemed to have encouraging news to impart. Dis
order and gloom reigned supreme.
James L. Merrick thus describes the movement of the
Regiment during the next day.
"The following morning, August 30th, orders were received to
move into Virginia, and the order to 'fall in' came early. We marched
through the city of Washington, over the famous Long Bridge, to the
foot of Arlington Heights, where we halted and ate our frugal
midday meal. The second battle of Bull Run was raging, and we
could hear the roar of the cannon all day, and as we lay there the
cannonading grew louder and clearer. General Pope was retreating.
Suddenly we heard a great noise like a large body of cavalry marching
toward us. The boys began to wake up and became somewhat fright
ened, thinking that the whole army must be upon us in rapid retreat.
We were all ready for the occasion, when, to our surprise, a drove of
runaway mules came tearing down the hill upon whose side we were
resting. We did not know but it was Pope's whole army, with the
Rebels at their heels. So much dust was raised by the mules in their
flight that we could not see what the force was so rapidly approaching
us. It is needless to say that we yielded the road to the mules without
any controversy. We were squelched indeed. Not much blood was
shed in this action and it did not take long to bury our dead. The
boys got somewhat scattered but the lines were soon reformed. Colo
nel Sewell then received orders to countermarch the Regiment back
to Washington, across the branch of the Potomac and up the ridge
to Fort Baker. Here we encamped about dark. The boys were
pretty well tired out and thought they had seen enough of war for the
first day. We ate our rations and lay down on the ground between
the rocks and had for our covering the canopy of heaven."

8 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Mr. Merrick, also contributes the following information
as to the forts occupied by the different companies of the
Regiment. "Companies A and F went into Fort Greble. Companies B
and D occupied Fort Baker. Fort Mahan was garrisoned by Companies
C and G. Company E went into Fort Carroll, and Company H into
Fort Meigs. Fort Stanton was occupied by Company I, and Company
K went into Fort Dupont. Later some of the companies were trans
ferred to other Forts. Company A went to Fort Baker, and Company
F was transferred to Fort Mahan. On September 12th Company E,
was transferred to Fort Meigs, and, some time later. Company I was
transferred to Fort Davis and afterward to Fort Baker. These forts
were armed with heavy cannon — 32 and 36 pounders, with eight inch
howitzers, and some of the forts had mortars. The companies were
kept busy drilling on heavy artillery and with small arms, doing guard
duty, fatigue duty, on inspection and dress parade, until September
30th." At some time during our stay at the forts one or two
companies were in Fort Snyder. These forts were strung up
and down the Eastern Branch of the Potomac river, with two
on the Potomac, below the point where these two rivers united.
Begining at a northern point on the Eastern Branch, the forts
were located in the following order: — Mahan, Meigs, Dupont,
Davis, Stanton, Snyder, Carroll and Greble. Fort Carroll was
near the junction of the Eastern Branch and the Potomac, and
Fort Greble was down the Potomac, nearly opposite Alexandria.
While occupying these forts the Regiment was under the im
mediate command of Brigadier-General Daniel P. Woodbury.
Amidst the drilling, camp-guard, picketing, policing the
grounds and inspections, it was a goodly sight to see the negroes,
early in the morning, following the winding roads that lead up
to our forts, laden with melons of all kinds, peaches and other
fruits. Many a boy in the Regiment had never tasted peaches
and some of them had never even seen melons. Old, black
women would climb the hill on the road that led to Fort Greble,
with a basket of peaches on their heads, a basket of vegetables
in one hand and a large bag of fruit in the other, and never
wink. How good that fruit tasted ! A comrade from Company
E writing of this period says, " I have never eaten sweeter or
better fruit than in September 1862, when we were fooling
around in the forts. I can taste it yet."

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 9
The time spent in the forts was enjoyed by the boys. All
lived well and the duties were not burdensome. Generally
on Sunday mornings the soldiers had baked beans to eat, thus
keeping up the old home custom. These beans were cooked in
the ground. Holes were dug two or two and a half feet deep
and wood burned in them until they were half full of live coals.
Then the beans having been well parboiled, were put into iron
kettles and baked in these improvised ovens. The beans
thus cooked were fine.
The Nineteenth Maine arrived in Washington on August
28th. The echoes of the guns from the battlefields of Groveton
and Gainesville had not yet died away. The day we marched
into the forts east of Washington, we could hear the heavy guns
from the battlefield of Bull Run, and two days later from Chan
tilly. We had enlisted to aid in suppressing the rebellion. The
outlook for the Union cause at this time was dark. McClellan's
army had been defeated 'and driven back from in front of Rich
mond. Banks had been forced back from the Rapidan. After
the withdrawal of McClellan's army from the Peninsula, the
remnants of the two armies, under Pope, had been beaten in
the region around Bull Run. The Union army was superior in
numbers and richer in resources than the Confederates. The
Confederate soldiers were no better disciplined and were no
braver than the Union soldiers. Why was it then that we had
won no important victories in the Army of the Potomac, and
suflfered so many defeats up to this time?
The cause of our defeats, or, at least, the lack of success,
is not far to seek. At this time the following general officers
had important commands in the Confederate Army of Northern
Virginia: R. E. Lee, "Stonewall" Jackson, Longstreet, the
two Hills, Ewell, Anderson, Wilcox, Mahone, McLaws, Hamp
ton, Fitzhugh Lee and "Jeb"Stuart. All of these officers, except
those who were killed, remained in the service until the close of
the war. The very mention of their names suggests their
fitness to command.
Now just compare the above list with the Major-Generals
we had on hand, east of the AUeghanies; McClellan, Hunter,
Banks, Dix, Morgan, Fitz John Porter, Burnside, Sigel, Cad-

10 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
walader, Heintzelman, Keyes, Casey, Schenck, Franklin,
McDowell, Fremont and Wool. In a few months, Butler came
from New Orleans and his name was added to this list. Instead
of wondering why the war lasted four years, the wonder is that
we ever crushed the rebellion. Some of the officers in the above
list had, in their younger days, rendered valuable service for
their country. Some of the others were nice, estimable old
gentlemen. The grizzled, heroic Sumner is not included in
this list because he does not belong there, and a few months
later he left the army and went home to die. Through blunder
ing experience and sacrifice, the officers who were dependable
and qualified to command, gradually advanced to the front and
took up the work. Meade, Hancock, Sedgwick, Reynolds,
Gibbon, Humphreys, Buford, Wright and Newton were Brig
adier-Generals, September ist, 1862. Warren, Barlow, Brooke
Hunt, Torbert, Carroll, Devens, Getty and Gregg were Colonels.
Miles, Kilpatrick, Webb and L. A. Grant were Lieutenant-
Colonels. Smyth was a Major, Wesley Merritt a Captain, and
Wilson and Custer were First Lieutenants. The brilliant R. S.
Mackenzie was a Second Lieutenant.
The South had few political generals and none with import
ant commands. The woods were full of them in the North.
The South was especially fortunate in discerning their great
leaders at the beginning. Political influence was a potent
factor at Washington, in army appointments, in the first years
of the war. Officers best fitted to command were sidetracked
for political favorites. We were then too near the events that
greatly strained the success of the Union cause to be able to
bring a judicial temper and judgment to the selection of the
best officers for important commands.
The late Captain Charles E. Nash, during the first two years
of the war, wrote many letters from the front to his home paper,
the Hallowell Gazette. The author feels at liberty to quote
freely from these letters. They are written in the usual felic
itous style of Captain Nash and describe more accurately than
could the author, the scenes and incidents with which he was
famiUar. Under date of September 15th, 1862, Captain Nash
wrote:

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT H
"Fort Greble, like its neighbors, is comparatively new, construc
ted of earth thrown up in a very neat and substantial manner, and
surrounded by an almost impenetrable abattis. It mounts thirteen
32 pounders (barbette) and two heavy siege guns, a number of which
pointin an insinuating manner toward the semi-rebel city of Alexan
dria, just across the river. The fort is situated on an eminence directly
opposite and overlooking the city, and is about six miles distant from
the city of Washington. It is surrounded by innumerable rifle pits,
well calculated, to keep the enemy at bay from the fort, even should
he ever show himself in this region. There are about a dozen fortifi
cations of this kind extending up the eastern branch of the Potomac,
for a distance of ten or twelve miles. The face of the country is very
broken, and almost every hill of any considerable size is surmounted
by one of these forts. "They are all well constructed, and the heavy
black guns scowling above the parapets present a striking contrast to
the peaceful forest-clad hills far away in New England. The trees
have been feUed for precautionary purposes, within target distances of
the forts, and hundreds of cords of timber and wood are lying prostrate,
untouched, and wasting away by decay."
A member of the regiment, who is unwilling to have his
name used for fear he might be blamed for the recital of an
event that might properly be omitted from this history, furnish
es this incident :
"While the Regiment was encamped in the forts around Wash
ington and before the battle of Antietam, the boys of my Company
were given to understand that there was great danger of an attack by
the enemy from the east. It never occurred to us that it might be
a difficult matter for the enemy to get around in that locality. We
were reading about the "Black Horse Cavalry," which never existed
except in the imagination, and we were led to believe most anything.
The order came for posting a strong picket force some two miles east
of the fort we were occupying. A heavy detail was made from our
Company and we started out some time before dark. After establish
ing the picket reserve, we were posted across the country some distance
through the woods and low ground covered with bushes north of the
road that led to Upper Marlboro. The sentinels were posted some ten
or fifteen rods apart. I was with the reserve post until nearly mid
night, when it came my turn to go on the outpost. When the Sergeant
left me on my post, I remembered our careful instructions that in case
of an attack, we were to fire at the enemy and then fall back on the
picket reserve. Left alone, I thought every stump and bush looked
like men creeping toward me with murderous design. A little after
midnight the man on the post north of me and beyond where I could
see, challenged a slowly approaching cow which had been disturbed
by our movements and whose outline could be dimly seen in the dis
tance. The cow, not speaking the same language as the sentinel and
not understanding the challenge, kept advancing, with evident hostile
intent, and the soldier fired and after hallooing, started on a run to the
rear. I took up the alarm and fired my rifle in the direction of the
supposed enemy and started for the picket reserve. There were soine
scattering shots and a scurrying through the bushes heard in the dis
tance. I made a satisfactory run until I struck a swamp into which I
ran and sank about two feet every jump I made. How I ever got

12 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
across the swamp has always been a mystery to me. The reserve
picket was not where I thought it ought to be if it was to be any service
to me in my present predicament. I heard dogs barking away to my
right and it was a sort of a welcome and homelike sound. After a
while I heard men calling in different directions, but in my somewhat
demoralized condition, I reasoned that men's voices would sound a
good deal alike, whether the men wore the blue or the gray. So I did
not propose to be fooled by unwisely answering. I never found that
picket reserve, but I did find the fort soon after daylight. It was
a sort of a comfort to me that some of the other pickets found the fort
before I did. But they were not delayed by swamps and had a better
instinct as to directions. I have often felt that I would like to look at
that swamp in daylight and see if I could find my tracks there now."
Major A. R. Small, in his excellent history of the Sixteenth
Maine, gives the best description of the green private soldier
and his trials, which I have ever seen. I have his permission
to quote it here.
"Boys of today may think it fun to be a private soldier, but it
isn't. The picturesque blue and scarlet uniform and jaunty laced cap,
or symetrical helmet, seen in cuts, are very deceptive, and the whole
soldierly make-up of a picture is misleading.
"Be a man ever so much of a man, his importance and conceit
dwindles when he crawls into an unteaseled shirt, pants too short and
very baggy behind, coat too long at both ends, and a cap shapeless as
a feed bag. And the brogans! Weren't they just lovely, with soles
six inches wide and heels like firkin covers. The ideal picture of a
soldier makes a veteran smile. He knows the knapsack, which is cut
to fit in the engraving, is an unwieldy burden with its rough coarse
contents of flannel and sole-leather and sometimes twenty rounds of
ammunition extra. Mixed in with those regulation essentials, like
beatitudes, are photographs, cards, 'housewife,' Testament, pens, ink,
paper, and oftentimes stolen truck enough to load a mule. All of this
crowned with a double wool blanket and shelter tent rolled in a rubber
blanket. One shoulder and the hips support the 'commissary depart
ment' — an odorous haversack, which often stinks with its mixture of
bacon, pork, salt-junk, sugar, coffee, tea, desiccated vegetables, rice,
bits of yesterday's dinners, and old scraps husbanded with miserly
care against a day of want sure to come.
"Oh, the perfume of that haversack!
"Loaded down, in addition to the above, with a canteen, full
cartridge-box, belt, cross-belt, and musket, and start on a gunning
tour wasn't fun. No, it wasn't.
"A graduate of West Point in his nobby uniform is a thing of
beauty, made to inspire a boy's admiration. His carriage is superb.
His posing in the position of a soldier makes an unfledged aspirant for
military honor green with envy. Under the most trying circumstances
he preserves an immobile face. No amount of abuse or insult will cause
him to forget himself. But the recruit in his baggy contract suit,
practicing 'eyes right,' is an object of both pity and ridicule. He has
lost his identity, and all his claims to equality with even a fife-major
are ignored. He finds it harder to hold his temper than to hold his
little fingers on the seams of his trousers; hence, the first day's drill
usually ends with solemn promises' to lick seven or eight corporals and a

ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 1 3
lieutenant when the war is over' — and a night in the guard tent for
calling the drill-sergeant offensively arbitrary, and needlessly particu
lar in rehearsing such d — d nonsensical gyrations.
"A 'private' is anything but private. There is nothing in or
about him that is respected as exclusive. The day that he is en
listed sees his whole person exposed to the critical eye of the surgeon —
his lungs sounded, bowels manipulated, limbs bent, joints cracked,
teeth examined, eyes tested, while he undergoes the closest scrutiny,
in search of cutaneous eruptions and varicose veins.
"After a few short months the lice claim close acquaintance,
and the wood-ticks explore the second and third cuticle.
"In camp, his tent is ransacked. His knapsack opened every
Sunday morning to the view of some inspector. His gun, equipments,
and all there is on or about this private, is made conspicuously public.
Although the United States Army Regulations guarantee him the
exclusive privilege of keeping his opinion of officers and measures as
his private property, he is tortured into expression, and then is publish
ed throughout the army as 'prejudicial to good order and military
discipline,' and he gets into the guard-house.
"There was no aristocracy among the 'privates.' They were
thoroughly democratic. A graduate from Harvard and an illiterate
from the wilds of Maine were often seen affectionately picking lice
together. "Polished scholars and ex-convicts. Christians and Heathen
bounty-jumpers from the slums of New York would cheat each other
at 'seven-up.' All would bathe in and drink from the same
stream, whether prior or subsequent to the watering of the brigade
mules." General McClellan, under Special Orders No. 3, dated
September 6th, 1862, assigned the Nineteenth to "Franklin's
Corps, near the Theological Seminary, Va." as a"new regiment.'
For some reason nothing ever resulted from this assignment.
The Regiment, with other troops, was ordered on September
29th to Frederick, under the command of Brigadier-General
Henry S. Briggs, to be assigned to General Sumner and the
strength of the Regiment is stated to be 916 men. On the
next day, September 30th, by special order No. 267, among the
" new Regiments, now en rowig for Frederick," the Nineteenth
was assigned to the second Corps (Sumner) at Harper's Ferry,
and to Howard's Brigade. This was an error, as it should
have been Howard's Division. General Sedgwick had been
in command of the Division until the battle of Antie
tam, where he was wounded and General Howard, who was
then in command of the Pennsylvania Brigade, (Owen's)
succeeded to the command of Sedgwick's (Second ) Division.

14 THE NlNETTEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

CHAPTER II.

Harper's Ferry, Bolivar Heights, and the March to
Warrenton, under General McClellan.
The letter of Captain Nash under date of October 28th,
written from Camp Bolivar near Harper's Ferry, with a few
unimportant omissions, is here inserted.
"At an early hour on Tuesday morning, September 30th, the
Regiment evacuated the forts near Washington (in which for a month
it had been stationed employed in heavy artillery practice) en route
for Frederick, Md., with orders to report to General McClellan. We
arrived at the close of the day following, having accomplished the
journey principally by railroad. Here we bivouacked for two days,
until the evening of October 2nd, and in the meantime were assigned
to the Second Corps, Second Division of the army, under Generals
Sumner and Howard, (now Generals Couch and Gorman,) whose
headquarters are at Bolivar, Va. On the Friday evening following
our arrival at Frederick, the Regiment took the train for Harper's
Ferry, arriving there at midnight, — rather weary, and exceedingly
pleased at another opportunity of sleeping a few hours on the fair
bosom of mother earth, with the starry canopy for a covering. Owing
to the then recent destruction of the railroad bridge across the Potomac,
the Regiment alighted from the cars and crossed on the pontoon
bridge, when we found ourselves in the heart of the desolate vUage of
Harper's Ferry, — amid the relics of the veritable old John Brown, and
before the walls of his celebrated engine house, where a sentinel, pacing
his beat in the dim moonlight, looked very much like the old martyr's
ghost 'marching on.' We picked our way through the narrow street,
viewing the ruins of the town which has been the center of so many
tragical associations, as best we could, — the once stately but now
charred and crumbling walls and few remaining windowless and de
serted houses, making it a scene of rather melancholy picturesqueness,
while the stern sides and heavy overhanging bluffs of the adjacent
heights, colored the whole with a romantic grandeur similar to that
which poetizers are wont to adore but seldom witness. We bivouacked
the remainder of the night about a mile distant from the village, and at
early dawn set out again for our destination. An hour's march brought
us to the summit of Bolivar Heights, where we remained two days,
and then removed to the foot ofthe Heights, where Colonel Miles com
pleted his inglorious surrender a few weeks since. Here we are 'settled
down' to rest, patiently waiting for the celebrated 'onward movement'
to take place.
"About forty men are now on the sick list. Several deaths have
occurred since leaving Maine, two of which were in Company F, viz :
privates Loring P. Donnell, of Monmouth, and Charles H. Adams, of
Litchfield, — two as noble fellows as ever took up arms in their country's

SERVICE UNDER GENERAL McClELLAN. I5
defense — universally respected and beloved by their comrades, and
their loss is deeply mourned by the officers and members of their
company. Their ages were twenty-three and eighteen, respectively.
We have also recently been called to mourn the death of Captain Cole
man, Company B, of Lincolnville, an excellent officer, an honor to the
Regiment, — and who, after a brief illness, has been called by the Great
Commander to serve in a higher sphere than any of earth. Our
quarters are situated a few rods from the street leading through the
once neat and pleasant hamlet of Bolivar, and about two miles distant
from Harper's Ferry. On the east the huge summits of Maryland
Heights loom up against the sky, at the base of which the landscape is
dotted with the encampments of several brigades; while on the south
of us, a half mile distant, fiows the shallow Shenandoah, which joins
the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, and walled on its further bank by the
stem sides of Loudon Heights, from whose lofty summits savage
batteries look down grimly upon us, as if wishing at one fell swoop to
wipe out the recent reverse of our army under Colonel Miles, at this
place. On our west, a few hundred yards distant, Bolivar Heights
tower above us, the summit and sides of which swarm with infantry,
artillery, cavalry, baggage trains, and all the appurtenances belonging
to a campaign. Many of the veteran regiments are encamped here,
and, suffice it to say, that one regiment occupies an infinitely small
space com.pared with the whole. It is interesting after nightfall to
witness the innum.erable camp-fires glimmering in every direction,
and to listen to the jargon of bugles and drums which at stated times
call out the army for roll-calls. One who has never witnessed it can
only imperfectly comprehend the details of a day's service in a divi
sion of our army.
"The weather since we have been here has been beautiful, much
resembling a New England autumn, although at times rendered a
little oppressive by heat. Nights are almost invariably chilly and
uncomfortable. "There are but few 'natives' hereabouts, having nearly all skedad
dled, or been crowded out of their homes by the deluge of men passing
through this military channel. It is a sad spectacle, painfully sug
gestive of the desolating nature of war, to witness the shattered and
decaying dwellings, prostrate forests and ruined works of art, visible
in the vicinity. Harper's Ferry is almost a bed of ashes, and all that
remains of its once splendid armory are a few crumbling walls, which
will soon fall to the ground. I have passed twenty-four hours among
its ruins, — ^where in future years the traveller and tourist will eagerly
resort, and which history will point out as the spot where many acts
in the great tragedy, not yet closed, took place."
While the Regiment was encamped on Bolivar Heights,
there was a pile of old, unexploded shells, piled up at one side
of the camp, which were left over by Colonel Miles at the
time of the surrender of Harper's Ferry, some weeks before.
The boys had sense enough, from their experience in the forts,
to know that they were dangerous to fool with. One day while
they were cooking their dinners, there came up one of those
showers, so common in the south. The shower consisted of
"nine parts wind and one part water." Well, the wind carried

l6 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
the fire and the coals into the pile of shells and several of them
exploded. Flying fragments were hurled in all directions. The
soldiers from the old regiments in the Brigade accused us of
trying to cook on the ends of the shells. It was noticed, how
ever, that they were first in the race down the hill to get out of
the way of what they imagined to be a flank attack. The
Philedalphia papers the next day had an exaggerated and
ludicrous account of the aflfair. The boys of the Regiment
never heard the last of it.
Sometime in October, General Gorman, our Brigade com
mander, applied to General Halleck, to be relieved from duty
with the Army of the Potomac and to be assigned to some com
mand in the West. On October i6th. General McClellan, in
wrting to Halleck, stated that he had been informed of Gor
man's desire and he urged him to send him away. He stated
that the commander of the Division to which Gorman was
attached was ill and would not probably be able to do duty for
sometime. General McClellan wrote, "General Gorman is the
next officer in rank, but I do not consider him in every respect
suited to such a command. If you can order him to some com
mand in the West, I shall be glad." After writing to Halleck,
urging this matter upon his attention on three separate oc
casions, McClellan carried his point. On the first of December
following, we find General Gorman serving in the Department
of Missouri, under General Curtis,
General Gorman was the first Colonel of the First Minne
sota Regiment — an organization that furnished the service
with three Brigadier-Generals. There was no better regiment
in the service and more than one hundred of its original mem
bers were natives of Maine. Gorman had been a prominent Dem
ocratic politician in the Minnesota Territory in ante-bellum days.
He had the reputation of being willing to fight even before the
war broke out. He was "eloquent in vituperation." The men
of the Nineteenth, when on brigade drill in the vicinity of
Harper's Ferry, frequently heard him swear and curse regimen
tal and line officers so that he could be heard half a mile away.
He was a brave officer, however, and was solicitous for the wel-

SERVICE UNDER GENERAL MCCLELLAN 1 7
fare of his soldiers and manifested great affection for his regi
ment. He was succeeded in command of our Brigade by
General Sully, another First Minnesota officer, on the 29th
of October, the day before we left Harper's Ferry.
By noon, October 30th, the Regiment took its place in the
line and the column moved down the Shenandoah river, near its
junction with the Potomac, and crossed over. The column then
passed around the northerly end of Loudon Heights, and moved
south up the beautiful Loudon valley. This was a splendid
fertile country. Grain had been harvested and was in stacks.
Forage was plentiful and cattle and sheep could be seen upon
every side. The first day's march was only about ten miles.
The sound of cannonading in the distance indicated that our
cavalry, scouting in advance, had come upon small bodies of
the enemy. We camped near Hillsborough, where we re
mained all the next day. The Regiment started just before
noon on the ist of November and proceeded about five miles and
formed in line of battle on the left of the road. After waiting
for the cavalry to clear the way for us, we marched a few miles
further and went into camp. Fine rail fences abounded on
every side and large fires were kept burning far into the night.
While the days were warm and comfortable for marching, the
nights were frosty and the fires kept the men from suffering.
We marched November 2nd to Bloomfield, some distance south
of Snicker's Gap, and on the 3rd we reached Upperville, near
Ashby's Gap. Our march had been up the valley near the
Blue Ridge Mountains. When between Upperville and Paris,
we ran up against the rear guard of the enemy, but General
Pleasonton's cavalry made short work of clearing the road for
us. We formed in line of battle but were again disappointed
in having no serious work to do.
Horace L. Smith, of Company F, furnishes the following
amusing anecdote:
"When two or three days out from Harper's Ferry a laughable
incident occurred, which many of the men will remember. We were
marching in a sunken road, up a long hill with woods on our right and
clear land on our left. We could see nothing on our left but the sub
merged side of the road and a high rail fence at the top. We were
moving along very slowly while the cavalry was skirmishing at a
distance in front. Suddenly a deep rumbling sound was heard up the

10 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
hill and troops were seen rushing pell-mell from the road in front as
though to escape some impending catastrophe. No orders were given,
but there was a fierce struggle between the line officers and the boys as
to who should first reach and climb over that fence at the top of the
embankment. In an incredibly short space of time the road was clear
ed for any old purpose for which anybody might want to use it. Not
only were the boys of the Nineteenth, with a full complement of officers
over the fence and mingled in confusion, but Massachusetts vied with
Minnesota and New York in reaching the coveted elevation. And the
old regiments, we had been told, never ran ! Before many explanations
had been exchanged to account for the sudden flank movement, the
officers sheepishly requested the men to resume their places in the road
below. The rumbling sound had been caused by throwing down a stone
wall, to permit batteries in advance to go into position. It was one of
those unaccountable, ludicrous stampedes that sometimes occur among
large bodies of men. We soon went into camp in the woods on the
right of the road and around camp-fires that night the boys rehearsed
the incidents connected with the Regiment's first charge by the left
flank." Thus far it had been fine Indian summer weather since we
had left Harper's Ferry. The soldiers lived well, but the
farmers on the line of march contributed liberally to the boys,
commissary department. Despite most stringent orders against
foraging, every morning, the ground between the different
encampments of the regiments was covered with sheep skins
and feathers from turkeys, geese and hens that had given their
lives, during the preceding night, for the relief of the hungry
soldiers. Officers threatened, and occasionally a soldier was
arrested and compelled to march with the provost guard for
a day or two. His well stuffed haversack and smiling face
indicated however that the punishment was not regarded as
very serious. The soldiers simply could not resist the tempta
tion. We were marching through a region of country that had
never been desolated by war. When this region was visited
by a member of the Regiment more than thirty years after the
war, the old inhabitants attempted to describe the march of
McClellan's Army through their country in the fall of '62.
During the recital of their wrongs their faces did not wear an
especially pleased or benevolent expression.
The Regiment reached Paris and the vicinity of Ashby's
Gap on Tuesday afternoon, November 5th. Here fifty or
seventy-five Confederate prisoners, captured by General Pleas-
sonton, came back from the front. Paris contained about
forty or fifty old houses, many of them in a very dilapidated

John Day Smith,
Historian.

20 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
in the midsummer of 1862, after McClellan's disastrous cam
paign before Richmond and when he wrote his impertinent
letter to the President, and the other after the battle of Antietam,
at the time he refused to move with his army after having been
positively ordered to do so. It seemed now as though having
started out on an advanced movement with the army, he ought
to have had a chance to show what he could do with his plan of
campaign, if he had any.
"McClellan would have been an excellent Chief -of-staff but was
unfit, for the command of an army. He was as utterly without audac
ity as Lee was full of it. His one fine quality was his ability to organ
ize and discipline. He constructed a superb machine, which, being
once constructed, would fight a battle with skill and courage if only
let alone. MeClellan during the Seven Days, let it alone, absenting
himself as if by instinct. Never but at the battle of Shanpsburg was he
present on any field, and his presence there, by keeping Porter's Corps
out of the action, made a drawn fight of what would otherwise have
been a Federal victory."!
On the 20th of September after the battle of Antietam,
General McClellan reported his aggregate force present for duty
as 82,233 and as absent from command 75,000 soldiers. He
reported as present for duty on the loth of October 1862,
129,000 men, and as present and absent a total of 200,000 men.
All of these statements are exclusive of the Third and Eleventh
Corps. After General Stuart had ridden completely around the
Army of the Potomac, President Lincoln suggested to McClellan
that if the enemy had more occupation south of the Potomac
his cavalry would not be so likely to make raids north of it.
McClellan had been an engineer officer in the regular army and
the President is reported to have said that he seemed to be best
fitted for a stationary engineer.
General Longstreet states in his Military Memoirs that
when General McClellan was removed, General Lee remarked
to him that he regretted to part with McClellan, "for," he said,
"we always understood each other so well. I am afraid they
will continue to make these changes until they find some one
whom I do not understand." General McClellan had never
won a decisive victory with the Army of the Potomac. He was
bold in conception but terribly slow in execution. He never

1 Military Memoirs of a Confederate, by General E. P. Alexander,
p. 224.

SERVICE UNDNR GENERAL MCCLELLAN 21
sought to win a battle by his inspiring presence on the battle
field. When on the Peninsula, he claimed to have information
that the enemy had 200,000 men. He was entirely destitute of
the ability to form a just estimate of the strengthbf hisopponent.
He always saw double, when he looked toward the enemy. He
was continually calling for reinforcements. Even on Sepetmber
23rd, after the battle of Antietam, he notified the War Depart
ment that "General Summer, with his Corps and William's,
occupies Harper's Ferry and the surrounding heights. I think
he will be able to hold his position till reinforcements arrive!"
McClellan certainly did not lack confidence in his own
ability. After being relieved of his command, he wrote his
wife as follows:
"They have made a great mistake. Alas for my country!
* * * The order depriving me of the command created an
immense deal of deep feeling in the army — so much so that
many were in favor of my refusing to obey the order and of
marching upon Washington to take possession of the govern
ment !" 1
The question often arises in the minds of the student
of history as to what would have been the fate of McClellan,
Buell, Rosecrans, Banks, McDowell and other discredited
military leaders had they become prominent as commanders,
late in the war. It is generally conceded that we had skillful
and competent officers who were scrificed in 1861 and 1862 to
the nation's ignorance of war. No doubt General McClellan
would have suceeeded on staff duty or in the cabinet of the
President. His ability as an organizer is universally recognized.
He was a courteous gentleman and his character was above
reproach. He recognized that he commanded men, not ma
chines. He had the rare faculty of captivating others — a
quality that comes to a man by nature, when it comes at all.
The dignity of his position did not prevent him from visiting
hospitals and kindly greeting there the wounded or speaking a
word of cheer on the march to a sick or exhausted soldier by
the roadside. Here, to a great extent, lay the secret of the
enthusiastic devotion of his soldiers. Many of his admirers
1 McClellan's Own Story pp. 624, 6S2 and 660.

22 THE NINETEETTH MAINE REGIMENT
and partisans during the war were ignorant of the reasons which
actuated the government in the removal of McClellan. Very
many of these same men, after the war, acknowledged the
wisdom of the President's action.

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 23

CHAPTER III.

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG.
Upon assuming command, General Burnside formed the
army into three Grand Divisions. The Right Grand Division
was commanded by General E. V. Sumner and consisted of the
Second Corps, General D. N. Couch, and the Ninth Corps,
General O. B. Wilkox. The Center Grand Division was com
manded by General Joseph Hooker and was composed of the
Third Corps, General George Stoneman, and the Fifth, General
Daniel Butterfield. The Left Grand Division had for its com
mander General W. B. Franklin and consisted of the Sixth
Corps, General W. F. Smith, and the First Corps, General J.
F. Reynolds. General Pleasanton commanded the cavalry.
The strength of the army was about 125,000 men. With this
magnificent army, Burnside decided to move to the left and
seize Fredericksburg, on the lower Rappahannock. After
sending the sick and disabled to Washington, the od Second
Corps struck out in advance for Falmouth, leaving Warren
ton Junction on the morning of November 15th and reaching
the vicinity of Falmouth in the afternoon of the 17th. The
distance covered was forty miies, and through a deso'ate look
ing country, with occasional farm houses. The Corps marched
in three columns, one Division on the road and the other two
through the fields on either side of the road. Our Division was
on the left.
It appears that when we left Warrenton, Burnside's plan
was to move to Falmouth, cross the river there and occupy
Fredericksburg at once. Then he proposed, after supplying
the army with provisions from Acquia Creek, to push south,
in the direction of Richmond. At that time one-half of the
Army of Northern Virginia was clustered around Culpepper
Court House, under Longstreet, and the other half in the valley

24 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
of the Shenandoah, fifty miles away, under Jackson. When
the Second Corps reached Falmouth, Fredericksburg was occu
pied by a regiment of cavalry, four companies of infantry and a
light battery. The promised pontoons were not at Falmouth
when we arrived. Indeed, the very day we left Warrenton,
Burnside was informed that our pontoon train might be ready
to start from Washington by water on the i6th or 17th. That
was the time that Burnside ought to have recalled Sumner's
Grand Division and not developed his plan of action to the Con
federates until his pontoons were ready for immediate use.
The pontoon train did not arrive at Falmouth until eight days
after the head of the Second Corps had appeared on the heights
of Falmouth before the eyes of the astonished Confederates.
A small Confederate battery of four guns was stationed north
of Fredericksburg, and General Couch ordered forward one of our
batteries, which, in a few minutes, put to flight the Confederate
gunners, who hastily hauled their guns behind buildings out of
sight. General Sumner sought permission from Burnside to
cross troops at one of the fords and take possession of the city.
This was refused. So through one of those frequent and
wretched blunders that stand out on the pages of our history,
we were compelled to wait for our pontoons and watch Long-
street's troops, who began arriving on the 19th, constructing
intrenchments, which would later cost us thousands of lives in
our vain attempt to capture.
The-Confederate army was now divided, and ours was con
centrated. Jackson, with one-half of the Confederate force,
was in the Shenandoah valley, nearly one hundred miles away.
The opportunity to get between the widely separated Corps of
the Confederate army and attack one before the other could
come to its relief, never appears to have suggested itself to
General Burnside. It was such an opportunity as General Lee
would not have failed to profit by.
Falmouth consisted of a small collection of old houses under
a bluff on the north side of the Rappahannock about a mile
above Fredericksburg. It was noted as being the birthplace of
the Confederate Secretary of War, J. A. Seddon, who had served

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 25
in Congress, years before the war. One of the houses in this
little hamlet was pointed out as having been the residence of
Duff Green, a member of President Jackson's " Kitchen Cabinet"
and who was sent as a confidential messenger by Buchanan to
Lincoln near the close of the former's administration. Buchan
an asked Lincoln to come to Washington ostensibly for the pur
pose of counsel and advice, but really that Lincoln might share
in the odium of the vacillation and cowardice of the closing
months of Buchanan's administration. Mr. Lincoln was too
shrewd to be caught in this little trap. Oliver Wendell Holmes,
then a Captain in the Twentieth Massachusetts, now a miember
of the Supreme Court of the United States, was provost mar-
shall at Falmouth during the time between the battles of Freder-
ricksburg and Chancellorsville.
Who of the boys will ever forget "Smoky Hollow"? It
raioed a great deal and we tried to make fires out of wet wood.
The smoke settled to the ground and sometimes one could
scarcely see his neighbor ten feet away, by reason of the smoke.
Some of the time it was bitterly cold and much sickness pre
vailed in the Regiment.
On the 22nd of November, the Regiment marched about
eight miles on the road to Belle Plain landing, on the Potomac
Creek, where all our supplies came now, and went to building
corduroy roads. This work was done by cutting small logs,
some fifteen or eighteen feet long, placing them side by side and
covering them with branches and dirt. It was over this road
that our supphes came until the railroad was in operation. The
Maine regiments had their full share of this kind of work, because
most of the men from Maine knew how to handle an axe. It
was rich entertainment to watch the New Yorkers in our Bri
gade trying to cut down a tree. They would hack a circle about
six inches wide around the tree and keep at it, hitting as near
the center of the circle as they could, until the tree yielded. It
was still more entertaining to see some green, officious Lieuten
ant of our Regiment, from the city, instructing some lumber
man soldier as to the proper way to do this work.
Thanksgiving day came on Thursday, November 27th,

26

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

and it was a cheerless day. The boys' dinner generally con
sisted of hard bread and salt pork. Thoughts of home and
loved ones and the gloomy outlook in camp, did not add to the
day's enjoyment. It was here that the cheerful optimist and
the company joker, more necessary to the health of the army
than surgeons, got in their work. One of these useful individ
uals would come up to a large, smoky camp-fire, surrounded by
gloomy and disconsolate soldiers, and in a few minutes a shout
of laughter would be heard and the scene would change
from one of despondency to cheerfulness. On December 5th
the Regiment returned and went into camp near Falmouth. It
was bitterly cold on December 7th. The ground was covered
with snow and ice and there was much suffering among the
men. The casualties of the Nineteenth were so small in the
battle of Fredericksburg that no detailed description of the
battle is necessary in writing the history of the Regiment. In
deed, it was not a battle, it was a slaughter. The Colonel's
report would add nothing to our information if quoted here.
Lee's army in this engagement contained about 80,000
men. The bulk of his army occupied a circling ridge, begin
ning on our right above Falmouth near the river, and extending
southeasterly some six miles to the neighborhood of Hamilton's
Crossing on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rail
road, and near the Massaponax river. The right of the Confeder
ate line was within about a mile of the Rappahannock and
some five miles south of Fredericksburg. Between the Rappa
hannock and this ridge was a wide plain sloping upwards to the
base of this ridge. Fredericksburg, a city of some 4000 people,
lies in this plain next to the Rappahannock and less than a mile
distant from Marye's Heights. Before the war, Fredericksburg
was remembered as the home of Washington's mother and
of that revolutionary hero, General Mercer, who was mortally
wounded at the battle of Princeton.
Washington's mother lived for many years in a small stone
house, still standing, on the corner of Charles and Lewis Streets.
She died and was buried from this house. Her unfinished monu-

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 27
ment stood in the open space above the town as a rebuke to the
Confederate forces, facing her grave, who were attempting to
destroy the government her son did so much to establish.
General Burnside did not seem to have any definite plan
of battle, or if he did, no one has ever yet been able to find out
what it was. General Hunt, chief of artillery, began to occupy
our side of the Rappahannock with guns after dark on the
loth of December. One hundred and forty-seven cannon were
placed in position to cover the crossing of our troops. General
Franklin, with more than one-half of the army, crossed on the
left, some two miles below Fredericksburg, upon two pontoon
bridges. General Sumner, with his own Grand Division, one
Division of the Third Corps and two of the Ninth crossed at
Fredericksburg and held the right of the line. Sumner's losses
in this battle comprised seven-tenths of the killed and wounded
of the army.
Our Regiment was called up long before daybreak on the
morning of December nth and marched with the Division to
the vicinity of the Lacy House. The Engineer Corps under
took to lay the pontoon bridges. Some Mississippi troops, under
Barksdale, in rifle pits and cellars on the opposite side of the
river, permitted our engineers to construct the pontoon bridges
to the middle of the stream, when they concluded to put a
stop to the work. They soon drove every one of the engineers
from their post and from the river, killing and wounding several .
Then our artillery opened, poundingthe city with shot and shell
and the cannoneer opposite the point where the bridges were
building, depressed their pieces so as to rake the rifle pits and
the troublesome houses, where the Confederates were secreted.
Then the artillery would suspend firing and the engineers at
tempt to resume their work on the bridges. The concealed
Confederates would drive them off' again. Over and over again
this was repeated. At last General Hunt or Colonel Halli com-
1 Norman J. Hall, a West Point graduate, was a Second Lieutenant
under Major Anderson at Fort Sumter in April, 1861. He was made
Colonel of the Seventh Michigan July 7th, '62, but was compelled by
ill health to leave the service in June '64. Colonel Hall was a fine
officer and generally commanded the Second Brigade of our Division
until the Wilderness campaign.

28 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
manding the Third Brigade of our Division, suggested what
ought to have been done in the early morning. That was to
have men row across in the pontoon boats and drive the small
force of riflemen away. Upon the advice and consent of General
Hunt this method was now adopted. The Seventh Michigan,
Colonel Hall's regiment, volunteered for the work to a man,
and the Nineteenth Massachusetts, under Captain Weymouth,
volunteered to support the Michigan men. So the matter was
arranged and the Seventh Michigan led the way across the river
in boats. They lost some men in crossing. The Massachusetts
men hurried across as a support. They cleared the streets of
the city next to the river and the pontoon bridges were hastily
completed. Our Brigade was the second to cross the river.
The Thirty-fourth New York had the lead and the First Minne
sota brought up the rear. Companies B and D, under command
of Major Cunningham, were detached to support Battery E,
Second U. S. artillery, commanded by Lieutenant Benjamin, and
did not cross the river with us. We marched up Fauquier
street a short distance in a direct line with the bridge until we
came near Caroline street, where there was some firing. The
Regiment spent the night in the streets of the city. That was
a memorable night in the history of the Regiment. Few men
recrossed the river at the close of the battle without bringing
back some trophy by which to remember the city. Some of
the boys slept on feather beds spread in the streets. There were
no very stringent orders — certainly none that were obeyed — '
against going into the residences and helping oneself. There
were some amusing spectacles resulting from our indulgence in
the various intoxicants found in the cellars of residences, but to
the honor of our soldiers it can be said, that no woman or child
was insulted or treated with disrespect while we occupied the
city. After the first night south of the river, the Regiment
moved from place to place on the extreme right of the line with
great frequency. The 1 2th of December was a very foggy day.
The Second Corps held the extreme right of our line, with a por
tion of the Ninth Corps on its left. In the morning of the 1 2th,

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 29
the Regiment moved out toward the front and was placed, with
the Brigade, behind a small ridge near the town. The next
morning two companies of the Regiment were detailed to relieve
a portion of the Fifteenth Massachusetts on an outpost. The
Regiment moved out Hanover street eariy in the afternoon of
the 13th, following Owen's Brigade.
Marye's Heights was held by Longstreet and dur
ing the terrific storm of lead and iron, where thousands
of brave men were uselessly sacrificed, our Regiment was com
paratively unharmed. Perhaps a postscript in General Burn-
side's order for battle had something to do with saving us. The
postscript was as follows:— "As Howard's Division led into
the town, it is proper that one of the others take the advance."
Marye's Heights was held by Longstreet's Corps, but the greater
part of his troops were as much spectators of the battle as were
the Union troops around the Lacy House.
It would be unprofitable to attempt to describe the sicken
ing details of the unprecedented and criminal slaughter of our
troops as they charged hopelessly against the impregnable Con
federate works along Marye's Heights.
On the morning of December 13th, our Brigade was moved
with the Division to the right of the city, our Brigade being on
the extreme right of the army. The fog lifted about ten o'clock,
so that we could see the Confederate works, and the useless
slaughter began just before noon. We could dimly see through
the smoke the attacks of the Divisions of French and Hancock
of our Corps, as they bravely crossed the canal and the plain
swept by the enemy's batteries and charged against the stone
wall at the foot of Marye's Heights. One lone Union soldier
got within thirty yards of the Confederate lines and fell dead,
a sacrifice to Burnside's incompetency. The dead bodies of a
few others were found after the battle from fifty to a hundred
yards distant from the Confederate fortifications. The great
bulk of our losses was received when our men were within from
two to four hundred yards of the enemy's lines.
The stupidity and obstinacy of Burnside led him, late in the
afternoon of the 13th, to issue urgent orders that the Confederate
works must be carried before night.

30 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
At the beginning of the battle. General E. P. Alexander,
Chief of Artillery in Longstreet's Corps, said to General Long-
street, with reference to the plain over which our tro"Ops must
charge: "General, we cover that ground so that we will
comb it as with a fine-tooth comb. A chicken could not live
on that field when we open on it." General Alexander was
pretty nearly right.
Less than one-half of the troops in Lee's army was actually
engaged. Sergeant Samuel Smith, of Company F, contributes his
experience in this battle:
"My experience in the battle of Fredericksburg was something I
shall not soon forget and a part of which I will relate. The few of us
now left that were there at that time will remember the first night that
we crossed the river into the city of Fredericksburg. Street fighting
was going on all night and, although we were not in advance, we had
plenty to do and none of the boys got any rest. Well do I remember the
old wooden pump at the corner of the street, where I stopped to get
water and counted seven of our boys stretched on the ground about the
pump, where Rebel sharpshooters concealed in a building near by had
picked them off as fast as they came there for water The next day
we were on duty all day, though not much fighting was done on our
part of the line. The whole army seemed to be preparing for the strug
gle of the 13th, in which part of our Brigade took an active part.
That night found us on the firing line and after it became quite dark,
an officer came walking along in front of our line. As the men would
raise their heads to see who it could be, the officer would say, 'General
Howard, boys. General Howard;' and the sound of his voice and the
knowledge that he was there seemed to give the men some assurance. A
little later we had orders to fall into line quietly, which we did and fell
back a short distance. We were then told that we could get some
rest, which the men felt that they needed. Not all of us had the good
fortune to remain there long. About nine o'clock I heard an orderly
inquiring for our Orderly Sergeant. Sergeant Rideout made his ap
pearance and the orderly said to him, 'Sergeant, detail a resolute man
from your company to go on an outpost in the face of the enemy. ' Well,
I thought I was safe. Noneof the boys seemed to want that job. Ser
geant Rideout came down the line, where most of the men were already
asleep and touched me with his boot and said, 'Get up and report for
duty with this man.' I did as ordered, and as we went along, he
gathered up one man from each company in the Nineteenth and I think
some more in the rest of the Brigade. We were conducted to a house
well up on the right, where a reserve picket was quartered. At about
twelve o'clock I was taken out by the Sergeant to a position well up
on the side of a hill and very close to the rebel pickets. I was stationed
behind a large, square, white oak gate post, such as was common in
that part of the country, the sides of which were well tom and splintered
by rebel bullets that had hit it the day before. This was some distance
in front of a residence which I have since learned belonged to a Dr.
Taylor. I was not placed there to fight, but to watch, and my orders
were to remain there until relieved, unless driven in. The time of my

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 3I
relief was very uncertain, and, as may be supposed, I remained on my
side of the gate post. In the morning it was very unsafe to relieve me and
it would have been very unsafe for me to have gone back to our lines.
While lying there that forenoon, I was in plain view of our artillery
on the other side of the river and which was firing more or less during
that time. Their shells dropped about on a line with the place where I
lay, and not a shot, as far as I could see, reached up to the rebel works
on the heights.
"Sometime in the forenoon. General Howard and his staff rode
out to a residence in the outskirts of the city and below my position
and in about one minute a rebel battery got their bearing and sent sev
eral shells in quick succession down through the trees and shrubbery
where these officers were watching, whereupon they vacated their
point of observation in a hurry. I remained on that post until about
twelve o'clock, when a Sergeant from the Fifteenth Massachusetts came
out to my post and conducted me back to our lines. This was well up
to our right, and I immediately started to hunt up the old Regiment,
which I found down toward the center and just drawn up for an ad
vance to the front. I had been forty-eight hours without sleep and
twelve hours under fire."
It is almost miraculous that no citizens were wounded
in Fredericksburg, so far as is known. Few women were seen,
as the few who remained there kept within the houses. At one
time when our boys were attempting to get out of the range of
shells which came ricochetting and bursting down over Hanover
Street, a young woman of respectable appearance was seen
walking along the street, apparently unconcerned, paying no
attention whatever to the bursting shells. The contrast be
tween her attitude and that of the soldiers was at least inter
esting. In General Sully's official report of the battle, he makes the
following complimentary allusion to the Regiment: — "It
would be impossible for me to make any distinction in the con
duct of the regiments of the Brigade; but it may, however be my
duty to especially notice the Nineteenth Regiment Maine Volun
teers, who for the first time smelled gunpowder, and apparently
did not dislike the smell of it."
Lieutenant-Colonel Heath commanded the Regiment from
Saturday, December 13th, until we recrossed the river, — Colonel
Sewell being sick.
The losses in the Union Army in this battle were about
12,500 men. The Confederate losses were about one-third of
this number, the greater part of which occured on our left, where
our men had at least some chance of success. The casualties

32 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
in the old Second Corps were 3850, the largest loss which any
corps suffered.
The following is a list of the wounded of the Nineteenth
Maine in the battle of Fredericksburg: Company F.
John E. Brann, Dec. 13th, slight.
Company G.
First Lieutenant Everett M. Whitehouse, Dec. 13th, shell wound,
slight. Gilmore T. Barter, wounded in foot, Dec. 13th. Horace Holmes'
wounded in hand, Dec. 12th. Company I.
Corporal William E. Evans, wounded Dec. 13th.
Under date of January ist, Captain Nash wrote as follows:
"The enemy are still in the Sebastopol behind Fredericksburg,
and continue to strongly picket their shore of the river. They^ appear
to be fortifying their present almost impregnable position, with con
siderable industry. Until the recent order from headquarters, pro
hibiting communication between pickets, the rebels would manifest
a very fraternizing disposition, and frequently forded the river for the
purpose of paying our soldiers a friendly visit. These specimens of the
rebel army complain much of being in need of blankets, and evince a
strong regard for Federal overcoats, frequently opening conversation
by striving to barter for one. Tobacco, of which they are abundantly
supplied, is their standard commodity, and which they gladly exchange
for coffee, jackknives, pipes, portemonnaies, etc. Our soldiers have had
instruction to let them have no clothing, under any circumstances.
"A few weeks since, our Regiment was picketing a portion of the
Rappahannock, when a detachment of greybacks came down to the
shore and inquired if they might cross. They were told that if they
brought no weapons with them they would not be detained, so over
they came, loaded with tobacco. They were of the Tenth Alabama
Regiment. A lieutenant came with them. Tobacco is an article con
tinually in demand among soldiers, and of which at that time our
Regiment was nearly destitute. It is needless for me to say, that a
good supply of the stuff was husbanded by the Nineteenth on that day.
All officers, of course, discountenanced such proceedings and buriied
all they could get. If the rebels are not open to the crime of conveying
comfort to their enemies, I am no judge. Since the return of the Nine
teenth from Fredericksburg, we have occupied our old quarters and kill
time by company and battalion drills. Our camp is two miles above
Fredericksburg and but a short distance from the little village of
Falmouth. We are near the river, and within shelling distance of the
rebels. Three lines of rebel fortifications can be distinctly seen.
"There has been considerable sickness in this Regiment since the
cold weather set in and its numbers have decreased sadly. The sick
and wounded have been sent to Washington, and other places. Our
Brigade is composed of the Nineteenth Maine, Thirty-fourth New York,
Fifteenth Massachusetts, Eighty-second New York and First Minne
sota Regiments; and is at present commanded by Colonel Morehead,

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 33
of Pennsylvania. General Howard commands our Division. He
frequently visits us, and is ever warmly welcomed. That empty
sleeve speaks volumes.
"As to the recent battle of Fredericksburg, I have little to write.
We were there, and came back again. The Nineteenth has elicited
much praise for its coolness. While the dead were multiplying by
scores, all around, not a soldier of the Nineteenth was known to flinch,
notwithstanding a whole brigade, only a few paces in the rear, broke
and ran. Our brigade was the second to cross the river, and remained
in front nearly the entire four days, hourly exposed to the murderous
shells of the enemy, as they crashed through the buildings. Probably
a more dangerous, important and honorable position we will never
again be called upon to occupy for so long a period. The greatest
calamity of all to our cause, was the fact that our army was obliged
to retire from the hard-fought field. But this need not discourage us.
The rebels will not meet us in open field. They know,- from very sad
experience, that the Yankees can fight as well and die as nobly as
the best of chivalry. We will cage them by and by. So let us con
tinue to trust in Providence and General Burnside. Colonel Sewell of
our Regiment is at present absent from his command. Lieutenant-
Colonel Heath fills his place."
After the battle of Fredericksburg, the moral spirit and con
fidence of the army were greatly impaired. A gloomier or more
disconsolate body of men it would be difficult to find. The lack
of confidence in General Burnside was general throughout the
army. The men were willing to fight and sacrifice where they
had a fair show, but they objected to giving their lives an un
availing sacrifice to the blundering stupidity and incapacity of
their commanders. The newspaper conception that* soldiers
were "eager for the fray" was more of a fiction than a reality.
During the gloomy days at Falmouth after the battle of
Fredericksburg it was a welcome sight to see Tom Child, the
regimental postmaster, on that old, white horse, come cantering
across the plain below our camp. It meant to many letters and
papers from home. Child afterward became First Lieutenant
of Company E, Thirty-first Maine Regiment.
The interesting comments and reminiscences of Lieutenant
George R. Palmer, who during this period was acting Orderly
Sergeant of Company I, are worthy of insertion here.
"A general of ancient times made himself famous for building a
bridge known in classic literature as the 'Pons Asinorum.' If instead
of boats. General Burnside had utilized the backs of asses upon which
to lay his bridges, and the asses had run away before the army crossed
the Rappahannock, the result would have been much better for the
Union forces. It has been affirmed that this pontoon bridge crossed
by our Regiment was laid in as hazardous a place as any position used
for such crossing during the war. The buildings along the river bank

34 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
that were struck by the shot and shell of our artillery before we crossed,
upon our return were gazing provokingly at our rear. We marched into
quarters at Falmouth upon a gentle rise of ground and on the up-river
side of our crossing. While the hill was in view from the river bank
below, the fact that we were to pass the winter there was not thought of
when we had taken our position. Could we have known earlier, much
better would we have fitted the situation and made the environraent
fit ourselves. "Fredericksburg, our first battle, had been a discouraging intro
duction to the real conflict of war. Before the battle. General Howard
the Havelock of the army, addressed the Regiment in a speech, the
design of which was to raise our hopes that in a short time we should
drive the enemy from the heights of Fredericksburg. As the soldiers
had been in sight of that semi-circle of strong fortresses commanding
the situation, probably the hopes of many were mingled with fears.
But as the enemy had been on the retreat and we had little knowledge
of military strategy, we knew no better than to believe trustworthy
men, even when forecasting the slippery contingencies of war. The
descent from elevated anticipations only brought the men to lower
depression. "With little experience in marching, the Regiment made the dis
tance from Harper's Ferry, were exposed to heavy rains and were
assigned to work on the Belle Plain corduroy. When men who had
never seen lumber regions, girdled trees, hacked them down and felled
them criss-cross as though they were playing jack straws, the Maine
soldier, — the man with the axe, was brought into service where he had
not the best chances to take care of himself. This being our first win
ter in army life, we had not become acclimated. With little to sustain
the mind of the men in a state of expectancy, with all the features of
the holiday now gone, and gone forever, with homesick yearnings
weighing heavily on the heart after the disappointment and chagrin
of defeat, and with little knowledge of how to live in winter quarters,
the body and mind of many of the soldiers lost tone and in this debil
itated condition became easy victims of disease.
"In winter quarters the log houses of the soldiers were built on
company streets, at right angles with the road that ran along the regi
mental line. Some of the buildings had tent roofing and at the ends
or sides of the buildings were chimneys, constructed of pieces of wood
and plastered with Virginia mud. If the plaster did not stand the
winter, it was replaced with new mortar. Northern contractors and
builders have since taken up the fashion of outside chimneys. Bunks
were built in various ways, some being made with poles and some with
barrel staves resting upon side pieces, and these resting upon sticks
driven into the ground. These simple cots answered for beds and
seats, and on them many soldiers found hard rest, and suffered com
fort. Upon them, alas too many were mustered out of the warfare of
life. The growing timber was used for company barracks, and at first
rather lavishly used for fires in the open, and it may be easily imagined
that with 100,000 soldiers within a radius of a few miles, within a short
time, there would be nothing of trees but stumps, and the men must
make chips of these stumps or carry wood long distances on their
backs. Large details were made for picket and special duty, and com
pany and regimental drills were kept up when the weather per
mitted. Sickness made its encroachments, and the mettle of the
men was severely tested. If not in cold and exposure, in other forms
of trial our Falmouth camp was our Valley Forge of the civil war.

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 35
Visiting the surgeon's quarters soon became a regular and somewhat
prominent part of the day's duties. During the winter, the Regiment
lost about one hundred men by sickness, and the burial of the com
rades was a pathetic sight. Some one from an adjacent regiment said
that 'the Nineteenth Maine men are building a railroad to the grave
yard.' One by one, one by one, these men were borne along that track.
The expiring comrade 'wrapt the drapery of his couch about him,'
and that drapery was the army blanket. In this he was buried, and
his only headstone was a piece of hard bread box. Later some boxes
were provided in which the dead were buried. The signal of the burial
was given by the muffled drum, the powerful pathos of which went
through all the camp. Amid the sadness of a burial a peculiar incident
occurred which may be remanded to the realm of the serio-comic.
Several regiments used the same cemetery, and a detail from one regi
ment (and because of the high respect for the honor of our own, let it
not be designated), was ordered to dig a grave. Arriving at the burial
lot, they found a grave already dug for a departed comrade of another
regiment. As this discovery relieved them from the necessity of dig
ging in hard pan, they appropriated the grave, and the best thing for
the other regiment to do was to accept the situation and dig another
grave, which they did with muttered curses. Two things with interro
gation points may be said in palliation of the ridiculous act of stealing
a grave. One is that it is not uncommon for men among soldiers and
soldiers to have an unwritten law that it is their privilege to appropri
ate anything not under guard. The other extenuation is the late claim
of science that in embryo a person may be vaccinated with lazy bac
teria that convinces him that he should not work for anything that hia
ingenuity can extract from the other fellow.
"In winter quarters at first one or more of the companies had
company cooks, and from large kettles burnt rice and other unrecog
nized foods not tempting to epicures, were served. So the soldiers
soon messed in groups and cooked their food according to their own
skill and tastes, and found that more satisfactory. The commissary
supplied a preparation called 'desiccated vegetables,' and as the name
was unfamiliar, the men persisted in calling it 'desecrated' vegetables,
and they seemed to have a prejudice against it. Doubtless this oddly
flavored ration was healthful for those who would eat it. Boxes of
articles for comfort and luxury were sent from friends at home, and afe
transportation was insufficient for extras in addition to the enormous
freight, perishable articles were often delayed, with damage to the
goods and disappointment to the soldiers. Not only were the choicest
delicacies spoiled, but those cure-all, home-made wines and other
restoratives and delicious drinks were sometimes missing from the
cases. One explanation of this was that the boxes were inspected
at Division headquarters, and that the officers, thinking the thirsty
soldiers might inbibe too freely and suffer for it, and thinking it wrong
to waste delicacies, devoted the libations in honor of Bacchus by the
modem method of appropriating it to themselves. However this may
be, the lasting gratitude of the veteran is due to the friends at home
who spared no pains to relieve the want of soldiers and provide them
supplies for emergencies in the form of lint, bandages and medicines
The govemment tried hard to make connection between the Northern
home and the Virginia camp. The hearts of the dear ones at home were
with the absent ones, and oftimes in the thought and dreams of the
soldier, the home and the camp were nearer together than were the
comrades who touched elbows.

36 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
"While in winter quarters the commissary sonaewhat enlarged
the bill of fare and bighearted Uncle Sam tried to do his best for us.
Sometimes rations were delayed, hard bread was piled up by the sta
tions and exposed to rain. Many of the men could testify to their
sorrow that when the meals were served, uninvited guests would
appear, and their presence had a peculiar effect. The more the guests
the more dinner was left when the meal was ended, for they came 'not
to eat but to be eaten,' and they always failed to bring any appetizer
with them.
"Crawling worms were not the most humiliating visitors in an
old camp. The great body of our men (for this was before we had the
city bounty- jumpers) were men from good families, who had been
taught that cleanliness was next to godliness, and there may have been
more who were making a brave fight to get next to their godliness than
there were seeking the attainment itself. Alas, before the warm spring
returned one of the plagues of Egypt appeared. In Egypt the dust
was changed to living things, but whence these visitors came the soldier
knew not and little cared if they could rid themselves of the hateful,
abominable creatures. The veterans engaged in a, war of extermina
tion and the only sure cure was the boiling of garments in camp kettles. ' '
Two abortive attempts to advance with the army were
made by General Burnside after the battle of Fredericksburg
and before he was removed. The first of these was made near
the close of December, when Burnside planned to cross the
Rappahannock some seven miles below Fredericksburg and
attack the right flank of Lee's army and at the same time to send
a cavalry expedition around the Confederate right flank and
rear to cut the railroad communications of the enemy. The
cavalry expedition had already started. President Lincoln
telegraphed Burnside on December 30th not to undertake active
operations without consulting him. This put an end to the
movement, and Burnside, chagrined by the instructions of the
President, went to Washington. Upon visiting the President,
Burnside was informed that certain officers from the army had
represented that owing to the feeling of distrust and general
demoralization of the troops any advance of the army then
would be unfortunate. Burnside returned to the army and re
sumed the humiliating position of commander without the con
fidence of his subordinate officers or the administration at
Washington. He ought not to have been required to occupy
this position, under the circumstances, for a single day.
It appears that Generals John Newton and John Cochrane
of the Sixth Army Corps, the latter part of December, 1862,
went to Washington and represented to the President the con-

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 37
dition of the army and its lack of confidence in Burnside. Gen
eral Burnside received some information from the President and
afterwards learned fully of this clandestine visit of Newton and
Cocrhrane, He then prepared what he called General Order No. 8,
dismissing from service Generals Hooker, Brooks and Newton,
and relieving from duty Generals Franklin, W. F. Smith, Sturgis,
Ferrero, Cochrane and Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Taylor. The
President disapproved the order and directed Burnside not to
advance with the army again without his consent.
During the next month a half-hearted assent for another
advance movement was obtained from General Halleck with
the tacit approval of the President. This contemplated crossing
tha army at Bank's Ford, some seven miles above Fredericks
burg. Feints of crossing were to be made at different points
above and below the city in order to mask the real intent. This
was the celebrated "mud march" of January 20-23, 1863. The
Second Corps, being encamped in sight of the enemy, was to
remain in camp until the other troops had effected a crossing of
the river. On the 17th and i8th of January the weather
turned cold and the ground froze hard. Unusual activity pre
vailed throughout the army. On account of the weather, the
movement was postponed for twenty-four hours. Early on the
morning of the 20th, the army, except Sumner's Grand Division,
started out. It was a cloudy, threatening day. Infantry, bat
teries, artillery, ammunition wagons and pontoon boats mingled
in some confusion, and staff officers hurrying forward and back,
all pressed forward toward the place of crossing. Early in the
evening a cold rain set in and, with heavy wind prevailing much
of the time, it rained incessantly for thirty hours. It seemed as
though the very bottom had dropped out of the earth. The
soldiers sunk to their knees in mud, which resembled sticky
paste. Cannon and wagons sank to the hubs of the wheels. Long
ropes were obtained and hitched to carriages on which were the
pontoons and men were detailed to pull them out of the mud.
But it was mud everywhere and men were set at work building
corduroy roads over which wagons and cannon might be drawn.
The "Johnnies" goodnaturedly offered to come over the river

38 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
and help us out of the mud. The movement was abandoned and
the disgusted and bedraggled troops waded back to their camps.
The Nineteenth Maine remained in their tents, discussing and
commenting on the proper way to conduct the war.
There was a review of the Second Corps by Generals Sumner
and Burnside on the 17th of January. It was a cold, perfunctory
affair. General Hooker superseded General Burnside in com
mand of the Army of the Potomac late in January and
General Sumner, the old commander of the Second Corps,
retired from active service and went to his home in Syracuse,
New York, where he died two months later. General Sumner
was not a West Point officer. He had been in the military ser
vice continuously for upwards of forty years, having served in
the Mexican War and in Kansas during its bloody history,
where he incurred the displeasure of Jeff Davis, the then Secre
tary of War. Before the commencement of the Civil War he
was Colonel of the First United States Cavalry and among the
subordinate officers of that regiment were Joseph E. Johnston,
J. E. B. Stuart, John Sedgwick, Frank Wheaton and David
S. Stanley. General Sumner accompanied President Lin
coln from Springfield, llHnois, to Washington, in February 1861.
having been selected for that duty by General Scott. He was
regarded as one of the ablest and most loyal officers in the
Union Army.

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 39

CHAPTER IV.

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN
General Hooker was placed in command of the Army of the
Potomac, succeeding General Burnside, on the 25th of January,
1863. The Grand Division organization introduced by Burn
side was abandoned. General Franklin was relegated to the
rear because of charges made againsthim byBurnsideof showing
lack of energy on the 13th of December. General Hooker in
troduced "Corps badges," which became so convenient and
popular and they continued to be used until the close of the war.
The device for the Second Corps badge was a trefoil or clover-
leaf, — the First Division being red in color, the Second white
and the Third blue. So the Nineteenth boys sewed upon their
caps this badge, a clover-leaf shape made of white cloth. Some
had silver badges, as they were more aristocratic in appearance.
The army was reinforced by the Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps, under Generals Howard and Slocum, from other depart
ments, to compensate for losses incurred in the battle of Fred
ericksburg. General Howard did not assume the command of the
Eleventh Corps until some time in April, and he was succeeded
in command of our Division by Brigadier-General John Gibbon,
from the first corps.
Whatever may have been Hooker's shortcomings, he was
an excellent organizer. The men's rations were improved,
new clothing was issued and regular battallion and brigade drills
were instituted. New life was instilled into all departments of
the army. The cavalry was for the first time brought forward
and used as an important arm of the service, desertions practic
ally ceased and a new spirit was infused into the body of the sol
diery. Orders were given on January 30th from the head
quarters of the army that furloughs might be granted for fifteen
days to one regimental and two line officers to each regiment

40 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
and two enlisted men for every one hundred men present for
duty. This gave each company a furlough for one enlisted
man. Sergeant Samuel Smith, of Company F, gives his ex
perience in obtaining a furlough at this time.
"About ten or twelve men in Company F put in an application
for a furlough, and the Captain decided to determine who was entitl
ed thereto by drawing lots. One evening the applicants gathered
about his tent and he put into a hat as many tickets as there were
applicants for furloughs, all of the tickets being blanks but one,
and that was marked 'furlough.' The men began to draw out
blanks but when it came my tum, I put my hand into the hat arid
took out the 'furlough.' Well, this was a new sensation, as I had
never thought of going home until the expiration of my term of ser
vice. The names of the applicants were sent to headquarters and in
due time the papers came around, with all necessary red tape attached .
On my furlough appeared the following signatures with their approval :
Captain I. W. Starbird, commanding Company; Major H. W. Cun
ningham, commanding Regiment; Colonel F. D. Sewell, commanding
Brigade ; Brigadier-General Joshua T. Owen, commanding Second
Division; Major-General O. O. Howard, commanding Second Corps;
Major-General D. N. Couch, commanding Right Grand Division. I
have the furlough yet and in good state of preservation. It is dated
near Falmouth, Virginia, February 4th, '63, and in it I was directed to
report back to my Company at the expiration of fifteen days or be con
sidered a deserter. The next morning a large company of us started
for Belle Plain Landing, where, we were told, a steamer would be in
waiting to take us to Washington. There was a small steamer waiting
for us, but it did not take a very keen observer to see that when the
steamer was loaded to the gunwales there would still be a big crowd
on the shore. Every man must go to a little office window, present his
furlough and have it leisurely looked over by the one clerk, before he
could get his ticket for the boat. I decided that if I was left it would
not be my fault. So when the steamer had taken about the last man
she could carry, I was on board and we started north, leaving many
disappointed men on the wharf."
Before the battle of Chancellorsville there had been several
changes among the commissioned officers of the Regiment.
Colonel Sewell resigned February 19th, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Heath was promoted to be Colonel, March 2nd, 1863. Chap
lains Whittlesey and Palmer had both resigned and left the
Regiment, the former in September, 1862, and the latter in
February, 1863, and Rev. George W. Hathaway, a Congrega
tional minister from Skowhegan,was commissionedChaplain and
remained with the Regiment until the close of the war. James
M. Hathaway, Captain of Company A, resigned Nov. 5, '62,
and Lieutenant Spaulding was promoted to fill the vacancy.

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 4 1
Captain Horace C. Noyes, of Company B, resigned February 20,
'63, and Lieutenant Parsons was promoted to fill the vacancy
some months later. Charles H. Rowell, Captain of Company C,
had resigned October 12, '62, and Lieutenant Whitmore, of
Company F, was promoted to the vacancy. Daniel L. Dickey,
Captain of Company E, resigned January i, '63, and Lieutenant
Richards of the same Company was promoted to the vacant
Captaincy. Joseph Eaton, Jr., Captain of Company H, re
signed October 3i,'62,and Lieutenant Lincoln of the same Com
pany was promoted to be Captain. Captain Edwin A. Snow,
Company I, resigned February 23, '63, and First Lieutenant
George D. Smith became Captain of the Company. Charles L.
Larrabee, Captain of Company K, resigned March 3, '63, and
Lieutenant Bunker became the Captain of the Company the
same month. William Clements and Jasper Gordon, Lieuten
ants of Company B, resigned, the former, October 17, '62, and
the latter February 17, '63. Lieutenants Joseph H. Hunt and
Francis M. Ames, of Company C, resigned October 21 and No
vember 18, respectively. Lieutenant James Johnson, of Com
pany E, resigned October 2, '62. Lieutenant Gershom F. Bur
gess, of Company 1, resigned February 10, '63. Lieutenant
Almon Goodwin, Second Lieutenant of Company C, resigned,
by reason of ill health, December 17, '62. He was a graduate of
Bowdoin College and very highly respected. Second Lieuten
ant B. B. Hansen, of Company K, resigned January 23, '63.
Many of these resignations of Lieutenants were filled by pro
motion from the ranks. The efficiency of the Regiment was in
no way diminished by these changes.
First Lieutenant Joseph Nichols, of Company C, was tried
by courtmartial and cashiered February 16, '63. He had re
signed, urging as a reason that he did not approve of President
Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation. The resignation was
disapproved and forwarded to Brigade and Division headquar
ters. Either at Division or Corps headquarters the resignation
was returned with orders to place Lieutenant Nichols under
arrest, confine him in the guard house and immediately prefer
charges against him. Lieutenant Nichols was from Phippsburg,

42 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
a democrat in politics and when he entered the service his demo
cratic friends laughed at him for going into the army to "fight
for the d  d niggers." Nichols did not expect his resignation
to be accepted. He expected a reprimand and then having
placed himself right with his democratic associates at home, he
would gladly and loyally serve his country in the field. He was
a pleasant and lovable man and the officers and a great many of
the men were very fond of him. Captain Fogler defended him
before the court martial. He left the Regiment regretted by all
who knew him.
From the time of our arrival at Falmouth, much sickness
prevailed and the losses in the Regiment by death was some
thing fearful. Many were discharged from the service that
first winter by reason of disease. Within two months from the
battle of Fredericksburg, ten boys sickened and died in Com
pany A, and nine in Company 1. The death rate was nearly
as large in some of the other companies. Many of these
lives might have been saved could they have had proper medi
cal advice and nourishing food in the early stages of their
illness. When the men of the Regiment awoke on the morning of
February 22nd, they were surprised to find a foot of snow on
the ground. It snowed nearly all day and the weather became
very cold. On the 31st of March another cold snowstorm
occurred. The records of the Regiment disclose that Captain Lincoln
of Company H , overstayed his leave of absence in February,'63,
was tried and acquitted by a military court. The same kind
of treatment was accorded Lieutenant Hunter the same month.
In early April, '63, Major Welch overstayed his fifteen days'
leave of absence by one day and after a laborious session of the
court-martial, he was acquitted. Enlisted men paid the penalty
for like offense by a sojourn in the guard house. Adjutant
Haskefl overstayed his leave of absence from March 17th, to
2 ist, '63, and a court-martial in his case resulted in a forfeiture
of four days' pay. The records disclose that Adjutant Haskell
was frequently under arrest and always by order of Lieutenant

THE CHANCELLLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 43
Colonel Cunningham. He would generally be released from
arrest upon the return of Colonel Heath. In fact, the relation
ship between Cunningham and Haskell was not of the David
and Jonathan type.
The letter of Captain Nash dated February 15th, 1863, con
tains the following:
"The Nineteenth has very comfortable winter quarters, and
affairs move along pleasantly. A recent inpection of the Regiments,
in accordance with orders from General Hooker, gives us the following
report :
'There is no better Regiment of its age in the service. Well
drilled, well disciplined, in excellent condition, and well cared for.
George W. Macy, Inspector First Brigade, Second
Division, Second Corps,
Major, Twentieth Massachusetts Vols.,
A fine regiment. A. F. Devereux, Division Inspecting Officer,
Lieutenant-Colonel Nineteenth Massachusetts Vols.
"The Regiment has earned its enviable reputation and will main
tain it untarnished. Its rolls show a larger number of men for duty
than any other Maine Regiment now in the field, whose term of service
is three years. It is considered by the boys a thing of considerable
bigness to have their Regiment stand the highest among the thirteen
regiments composing the Second Division."
In accordance with the provisions of General Order No. 18
from the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, dated
March 3rd, '63, the Regiment was granted one-third more fur
loughs by reason of the high commendation of inspection
officers . This distinction was given to the Nineteenth as one out
of twelve regiments in the army thus honored. The First Min
nesota, of our Brigade, was one of the twelve regiments. The
Tenth Maine was also in this list.
Late in March, Governor Andrew G. Curtin came to the
army and the Pennsylvania troops in our Division were drawn
up in a hollow square to receive him. Governor Curtin deliver
ed to them a patriotic address. He was a fine looking man
and an excellent speaker. Many of the men from our Regi
ment went over to listen to his speech and joined in cheering at
its close. Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts attended the dress
parade of the Fifteenth Massachusetts on April i6th, and some
of our boys had an opportunity to hear him speak. He was a

44 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
swarthy man, with a clean-shaven face, and was an attractive
speaker. The use of balloons was first employed, in a practical way,
by the Union Army on the Peninsula in April, 1862. The usual
height of observation was some less than a thousand feet. The
enemy sometimes used a Whitworth gun on the balloon when
poised in the air about three hundred feet high. The men of
the Nineteenth will remember how rapidly the observation
balloon descended several times in the vicinity of Falm.outh
when fired at in the spring of 1863. About this time their use
was abandoned. The writer could never understand why the
employment of these military balloons was given up. Their
use made it possible to observe the position and movements of
the enemy when atmospheric conditions were favorable. Even
if the observers never saw very much, they were worth all they
cost by the annoyance and delays they caused the enemy in
trying to keep their movements concealed.
Early in April, President Lincoln, his wife and son Thomas
("Tad"), came down to visit the Army. On the 6th of April
the President reviewed the Second Corps and some other troops.
Mr. Lincoln, his son, General Hooker, Couch and many other
officers rode along our lines and then we marched in review
before them. The President, instead of hav'ng a very large
horse to ride, corresponding in some degree with his own great
height, had a horse rather below the average size, thus compell
ing the President to ride in an awkward position. He wore
a high silk hat. Little Tad, now ten or eleven years of age, who
had become the President's almost constant companion, was
mounted upon a small sized horse and rode like a veteran.
President Lincoln seem.ed intent upon looking into the faces of
his soldiers. The writer will never forget the President's anx
ious expression, the deep lines of care and suffering upon his
face, the great furrows marked upon his patient features by long
months of suffering and disappointment. He looked, indeed,
as though he was carrying a great burden.
General Hooker gave the Presidential party a great dinner,
at which all the Corps commanders were present. Before

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 45
leaving for Washington, President Lincoln called General
Hooker and General Couch, his senior Corps commander, aside,
and while endeavoring to impress upon them certain things,
which he desired, these were almost his last words: "In your
next battle, put in all your men." If this injunction had been
obeyed, the humiUating history of Chancellorsville need never
have been written.
.* The Second Corps had been called upon to perform no duty
outside of picketing and camp guard since the middle of Decem
ber, except that our Division had gone out on the Hartwood
Church road as far as Berea Church, some ten or twelve miles,
on the 25th of February. This movement was for the purpose
of intercepting a body of Confederate cavalry, raiding on the
right flank of our army. The Regiment left camp about nine
o'clock at night and a httle after midnight it began to rain. A
short time previous to this there had been a fall of snow to the
depth of six or seven inches, which had turned to slush and
water. The boys just waded in slush and by daylight the next
morning the rain was coming down in torrents. We simply
marched out and then marched back through this pelting storm.
The enemy was not disposed to wait for us, so we did not meet
him. We got back from this disagreeable expedition about
noon the next day.
The movement of the troops under General Hooker prepar
atory to the battle of Chancellorsville began as early as April
2 1 St. The real movements, hov/ever, began on the 27th of
April. General Hooker's army at this time comprised seven
Corps of three Divisions each and numbered about 1 18,000 men.
The number of the Corps and their commanders were as follows:
— First Corps, General Reynolds; Second, Couch; Third, Sickles;
Fifth, Meade; Sixth, Sedgwick; Eleventh, Howard; Twelfth,
Slocum. For the first time the cavalry was organized into
a separate Corps and numbered about 12,000 men,
under command of General Stoneman. The batteries, compris
ing some four hundred guns, were distributed among the infantry
divisions, excepting some ten or fifteen batteries held in reserve
for emergencies. The Confederate army at this time was

46 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
divided into two corps, one commanded by Jackson and the
other by Longstreet. These corps had four divisions each.
General Longstreet himself with two divisions of his Corps was
not present at the battle but was operating in the region about
Suffolk. It is pretty difficult to state accurately the strength
of the Confederate forces at Chancellorsville. They claim that
they did not have to exceed 60,000 men of all arms. General
Stuart commanded their cavalry, numbering between 3,000 and
4,000 men. The field batteries of the Confederates comprised
about 175 guns.
Our task is to tell what Hooker did, and not what he
might have done. It is not within the proper scope of this
history to trace and analyze all the marvelous blunders which
turned the battle of Chancellorsville into a disgraceful defeat.
Some outline of the battle, however, must be given in order
that the reader may the better understand the movements of
the troops in our own Brigade.
It is generally conceded that the plan of the battle origi
nally was excellent and everything moved as designed until
the troops were all in their appointed places on the afternoon
of Thursday, the 30th of April. Then and during the next
few days there were manifested a series of blunders, a working
at cross-purposes, vascillation and incompetency, hardly par
alleled during the war. The Corps commanders were all loyal
to Hooker and endeavored to carry out his vascillating in
structions. Outside of the shameful rout of the Eleventh
Corps on the 3rd of May, the men stood bravely by their guns
and fought well. For the surprise' and rout of the
Eleventh Corps the men in the ranks were in no wise responsible.
The cavalry, except one Brigade, was all sent off under
General Stoneman, some days before the battle of Chancellors
ville, to cut the railroad communications of the enemy. Gen
eral Hooker was thus deprived of an important branch of his
army when he most needed it. As the cavalry under Stone
man had no more influence on the results of the battle than as
though they had been in camp on the north side of the Rappa
hannock, it will not be necessary to mention this arm of the ser-

THE CFANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 47
vice while discussing Chancellorsville. Before two o'clock p. m.,
Thursday, April 30th, the Fifth, Eleventh and Twelfth Corps,
having crossed the river some distance to the northwest, ar
rived at Chancellorsville. The troops were in fine condition,
greatly elated over the fact, that without fighting, they were
upon the flank of the enemy, taking in reverse his entire system
of river defenses. Chancellorsville is on the eastern border of
that "wilderness" in which the Army of the Potomac was caught
a year later — a region of tangled thickets, of stunted pine,
scrub oak, blind paths, ravines and swamps. No enemy of
any account was in front of the troops. Less than two miles
to the east, the country was open and the ground high, affording
an opportunity for the use of artillery. The troops around
Chancellorsville on this afternoon (some 40,000 in number)
were under command of General Slocum, the senior officer
present, who had been ordered by General Hooker to advance
far enough to uncover Banks' Ford, if the enemy was not in
any "considerable force" in his front. Why was this not done.?
Because General Hooker himself, at 2:15 p. m., issued another
order reading, "No advance beyond Chancellorsville until col
umns are concentrated." It does not appear why this order
modifying the former instructions was issued. General Hooker
arrived upon the field late in the afternoon, and issued his
bombastic order reciting that "our enemy must either inglo
riously fly or come out from behind his defenses and give us bat
tle on our own ground, where certain destruction awaits him."
This was a statement not warranted by the facts and a predic
tion, unfortunately, that was not fulfilled.
On Friday, May i st, late in the morning, the Union forces
at Chancellorsville, under orders from Hooker, pushed out to
ward Fredericksburg. On the day before our troops might
have advanced beyond the confines of the wilderness without
any serious fighting. An hour or so was now consumed in
reconnoitering the ground to the front. Two divisions of the
Second Corps were present. The Union forces moved out in
three columns and gained the high ground beyond the limits of
the wilderness where the country was open and artillery could

48 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
be used. This advanced position was obtained after some spir
ited fighting on the turnpike. Everything seemed to be moving
to the advantage of the Union forces. A little after noon, and
after one hour's time consumed in the advance movement, an
order came from General Hooker to withdraw the lines to
Chancellorsville! Couch, Hancock, Sykes, Warren and other
officers sent a staff officer to represent to General Hooker the
favorable position and condition of our troops and begged that
he would reconsider the order to fall back. General Meade,
some of whose troops were in sight of Banks' Ford, but who
himself was with Couch, Hancock, Sykes and other officers
where the fighting was, exclaimed, when Hooker's orders for
retreat came: "My God! if we can't hold the top of the hill,
we certainly can't hold the bottom of it." Hooker, now seized
with hesitation and doubts, the forerunner of disaster, returned
positive orders to fall back. From that moment, the Army of
the Potomac was defeated. The position abandoned was ex
cellent; the ground to which our troops retreated was untenable.
The Confederates, with wild cheers, followed some portion of
our forces. They did not have enough men to extend along
our whole front and for some of the distance had only a skirmish
line. There were present under General Hooker on May ist,
when this retrograde movement was ordered, more than twice
as many men as in the Confederate army confronting him. It
would have been a good thing for the Union cause if Hooker
could have been "stunned" before twelve o'clock May ist,
rather than later in the battle. From the time that Hooker
ordered the troops to retreat from the open country between
Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg, on May ist, into the
tangled underbrush of the wilderness, our forces were on the
defensive. On the night of May ist. General Jackson, in company with
General Lee, planned a flank attack upon the Union forces
around Chancellorsville. Early on the morning of May 2nd, he
started with his Corps toward our extreme right flank, held by
General Howard. Jackson took his troops around consider
able distance in the direction of Todd's Tavern, then swung

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 49
around on the Brock road, following it up to the Wilderness
Tavern. From the Wilderness Tavern his forces, keeping out
of sight as much as possible, turned eastward and followed the
general direction of the Orange turnpike, feeling their way cau
tiously toward Howard's lines. In order to deceive General
Hooker and occupy his attention, the Confederate skirmishers
upon our left were pushed forward against our intrenchments.
General Hooker seemed to be possessed by the idea that the
Confederates were going to run away. There had not thus far
appeared any special reason why General Lee should run away.
He had not been harmed except when he attacked the fortified
position of General Hooker. The illusions to which Hooker was
subject were rashly dispelled before the sun went down that
day. When the Eleventh Corps, the smallest in the army,
under Howard, was crushed, and when down the road from
Dowdall's Tavern came the wreck of the Corps, rushing pell-
mell to get away from Jackson's men. General Hooker must
have thought that possibly he was deluded in his view of the
situation. Our Regiment was not there, and it is not the histor
ian's purpose to describe this attack of Jackson and after his
wounding, the fight of Jeb. Stuart, who succeeded in command.
It is probable that no body of troops, in such a position, could
have withstood the attack led by Stonewall Jackson.
Let us see what General SedgVkick was doing in the mean
time. Partisans of General Hooker seek to lay the blame of the
disaster at Chancellorsville, first, on the stampede of Howard's
Eleventh Corps and, second, on the lack of co-operation on
the part of Sedgwick. On the 28th of April, Sedgwick, with the
Sixth Corps moved down the Rappahannock to Franklin's old
crossing. The First Corps, under Reynolds, took position about
one mile farther down the river and the Third Corps, under
Sickles, was placed in the rear and between the other two corps.
During the night, a part of the Sixth Corps crossed in boats and
laid a pontoon bridge. On the 30th of April, (the day the
Third, Eleventh and Twelfth Corps reached Chancellorsville,)
Sickles' Third Corps was hastily detached from Sedgwick's
force and hurried to the United States Ford to join Hooker. On

50 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Friday, May ist, at five p. m., an order was received by Sedg
wick from Hooker, instructing the former officer to make a
strong demonstration against the enemy and when just begin
ning the advance the order was countermanded. Reynold's
First Corps was detached and sent to Hooker on Saturday, the
2nd of May. At 5:25 in the morning of the same day, Sedg
wick was ordered to take up all the bridges at Franklin's crossing
and below before daylight. Had this order been obeyed,
Sedgwick would have retreated back across the river, taken up
the bridges in plain sight of the enemy and released the troops
in and about Fredericksburg so that they might hasten north -
and join the bulk of Lee's army. At half past six in the after
noon of May 2nd, Sedgwick was ordered to pursue the enemy
by the Bowling Green road, which order was obeyed. At
eleven o'clock p. m., he received another order, written fifty
minutes earlier than its receipt, directing him to cross the
Rappahannock at Fredericksburg upon receipt of the order,
move in the direction of Chancellorsville until connection was
made with Hooker, to destroy any forces on the road and to be
in the vicinity of Hooker by daylight. This was indeed a most
remarkable order and impossible of execution. Sedgwick at
this time was out on the Bowling Green road, forcing back the
Confederates, as ordered by the commander of the army. Gen
eral Hooker had represented to Sedgwick during the two pre
ceding days that the force of the enemy in his front was insignifi
cant. General Sedgwick believed he could obey the spirit of
Hooker's order best by marching up to Fredericksburg without
recrossing the river, capture the enemy's works there and hurry
on to join Hooker. In endeavoring to carry out this purpose, he
was compelled to assault and carry the works in front of Marye's
Heights. These were the same fortifications that Sumner's
Grand Division had unsuccessfully assaulted so many times the
13th of the preceding December. He would have been obliged
to carry these same works had he crossed the river twice and
attempted to literally carry out Hooker's order. The trouble
was. Hooker underestimated the force opposed to Sedgwick.
General Lee in his official report of the battle states that " Early's

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 5 1
Division of Jackson's Corps and Barksdale's Brigade of Mc-
Law's Division, with a part of the Reserve artillery under Gen
eral Pendleton, were entrusted with the defense" of the Con
federate position at Fredericksburg. This force, exclusive of
the artillery, included twenty-five regiments. On the night of
May ist. General Lee stated that Wilcox's Brigade, consisting
of five regiments, was sent to Banks' Ford. General Wilcox in
his report says that on May 3rd, when near Salem Church
opposing the advance of Sedgwick, he was reinforced by three
Brigades of McLaw's Division. General Lee further repre
sented that he sent one of Anderson's Brigades also to reinforce
Wilcox, and General Lee himself superintended this movement.
It is impossible to state with any degree of accuracy as to the
number of men opposed to Sedgwick's advance at any particu
lar time. We know this : that the losses in the Sixth Corps dur
ing this engagement were nearly five thousand men, of whom
five hundred were killed outright. The capture of the works at
Marye's Heights was accomplished by Sedgwick in a sharp en
gagement, in which the Sixth Maine under Colonel Burnham
bore a conspicuous part. Gibbon's Division, except Owen's
Brigade which was at Banks' Ford and the Nineteenth Maine,
crossed the river at Falmouth and occupied Fredericksburg.
Gibbon's men were not in position to render any substantial aid
to Sedgwick. While the greater portion of the Confederate
army, under General Lee, was fighting Sedgwick at Salem
Church, and pounding the life out of his Corps, nothing but a
skirmish line confronted the left of Hooker's line at Chancellors
ville, but Hooker never found it out. He had decided upon a
defensive campaign for his own troops and a vigorous offensive
campaign for Sedg\vick's lone Army Crops, fighting its way
from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. It may be that Gen
eral Sedgwick ought to have been more expeditious in his move
ments on the morning of May 3rd. Whatever may be said as
to that, it may be safely asserted that Hooker was defeated
before Jackson annihilated the right detached wing of his army
at Chancellorsville. The unfortunate flanking and defeat of the Eleventh Corps
was a disaster which ought to have been prevented. The evi-

52 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
dence appears to be almost conclusive that General Howard,
commanding that Corps, was warned by General Hooker of the
impending danger and urged to examine the ground and
strengthen his position. This was communicated to Howard
in a letter, dated May 2nd at nine-thirty in the morning. Im
mediately after the battle, the cry was raised that the " Dutch
men" of the Eleventh Corps had caused our defeat. There
must be a scapegoat, and the shameful shortcomings of the
officers in command were piled upon that unfortunate Corps.
The fact is, only about one-third of the Corps were Germans. It
it doubtful, if any corps in the army would have done any better
under such trying circumstances. The men had no show.
They had their choice between being run over and captured and
running to the rear, with some chance of escape.
General Hooker's friends have attempted also to unload
some of the responsibility for the disaster at Chancellorsville
upon General Couch, the senior Corps commander, who was
then at the head of the Second Corps. It appears that Hooker
was injured about half past nine o'clock in the morning of May
3rd. After a recovery from his brief stupor he sent for Couch
and gave him explicit instruction to withdraw the troops to the
new and contracted line, and then Hooker rode to the rear.
Couch was ordered by Hooker to do a specific thing, with spe
cific troops, but he had no authority over Meade or Howard or
Reynolds. It was too late then to accomphsh anything.
There were more than 30,000 soldiers lying on their arms in the
rear of the battlefield who had not fired a shot. Hooker was
urged to resume the offensive on May 4th with these new troops,
but he refused to fight.
The Regiment left its camp on the night of May ist and
was strung along between Falmouth and Banks' and United
States Fords, guarding the telegraph line. The Regiment was
relieved and assembled near the Lacy House on May 3rd. The
other regiments of the Brigade crossed the river, entered Fred
ericksburg and supported the Sixth Corps. Not a man in the
Brigade was killed. From the heights above the Lacy House
much of Sedgwick's battle at Salem Church could be plainly

THE CHANCELLORSVILLE CAMPAIGN 53
seen. The Sixth Corps was slowly forced back during the after
noon of May 3rd toward Banks' Ford. It was pitiful to see the
greater part of the Confederate army concentrated to crush that
Corps and we helpless to aid and Hooker on the defensive at
Chancellorsville with three-fourths of the Army of the Potomac.
The battle af Chancellorsville was not a single engagement
but was fought on four different fields — at Fredericksburg, at
Salem Curch, on the east of Chancellorsville and Jackson's flank
movement to the west of Chancellorsville. The engagement on
the lines east of Chancellorsville was fought early on the ist
of May, Jackson's fight to the west of Chancellorsville took
place in the early evening of May 2nd and was continued by
General Stuart the next morning. The intrenchments at Fred
ericksburg were captured by Sedgwick May 3rd, and the battle
at Salem Church was fought on the afternoon of May 3rd and
on the 4th day of May. Sedgwick recrossed the river at Bank's
Ford on the night of May 4th and Hooker with his baffled troops
recrossed the next night.
The writer takes great jatisf action in quoting the following
from Swinton's excellent History:" Amid much that is dastardly
at Chancellorsville, the conduct of Colonel Nelson A Miles, the
young but gallant and skillful officer, shines forth with a brilliant
luster." General Hancock was so elated at seeing the splendid
behavior of Miles' skirmish line when repulsing the enemy that
he said to one of his staff officers: "Ride down and tell Colonel
Miles he is worth his weight in gold." General Couch, com
manding the Second Corps, said to General Hancock and
French, his two Division commanders: "1 tell you what it is,
gentlemen, I shaT not be surprised to find myself some day serv
ing under that young man." This same Miles rose from the
rank of First Lieutenant to Lieutenant-General commanding
the army. His body scarred with wounds received in his
country's service, but crowned with honor and the love of his
countrymen whom he had served, he was permitted to retire by
operation of law, August 8th, 1903, without the usual words of
commendation from the then President of the United States,
who was a boy in short dresses living in a fashionable section

54 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
of New York City, when Miles entered the service of his
country. Major-General Hiram G. Berry, commander of the Secord
Division, Third Corps, was killed in the battle of Chancellorsville.
He entered the service from Rockland, as Colonel of the
Fourth Maine Regiment. General Berry was an exceptionally
fine officer and his native state may well take pride in his
record. On the 4th day of May, Governor Coburn of Maine and one
of our Congressmen, John H. Rice of Foxcroft, came to visit
the Regiment. They were introduced to many of the officers
and men. Governor Coburn was visiting the different Maine
regiments and so far as possible looking after their welfare.
He witnessed the repulse of the Sixth Corps at Salem Church
from the grounds about the Lacy House. Governor Coburn
was not a Chesterfield in manners or speech, nor a Webster in
knowledge of constitutional law; but he was a hard-headed,
sensible business man, blunt in speech, knowing what he
wanted and usually getting it. He made a good Governor of
Maine. One of the results of the battle of Chancellorsville was the
irreparable loss to the Confederacy of Stonewall Jackson. Gen
eral Jackson was wounded on the night of May 2nd and died in
the afternoon of May loth. After Jackson's death and perhaps
on the day of rhe funeral, the bells in the Fredericksburg churches
were tolled and the sad funeral dirge played by the bands in
the various Confederate camps, all of which were plainly heard
on our side of the river. History will accord General Jackson
a position among the Confederate officers second to none ex
cept General Lee. At the time of his death he was the leader
most trusted by the Confederates and most feared by us. After
Jackson's death, John W. Forney, editor of one of the Washing
ton papers, wrote an editorial eulogizing Jackson's ability and
commending some traits of his Christian character. President
Lincoln wrote Mr. Forney a letter thanking him for the fairness
of his editorial comments.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN ^^

CHAPTER V.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN
On the 29th day of May the Regiment was paid two
months' pay. It is wonderful how having money in the pocket
improves the appearance of a soldier. He stands straighter,
walks prouder, looks happier, acts more independent and enjoys
better health.
Early in June General William Harrow was assigned to the
command of our Brigade. Harrow had been formerly Colonel
of the Fourteenth Indiana. He remained as commander of the
Brigade until the following September, when he resigned his
commission. He was subsequently appointed Brigadier-General
by the President, and we find him in command of the Fourth
Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, in the Atlanta campaign.
General Harrow was regarded as an excellent army officer, but
he had acquired the unfortunate habit of resigning. He had re
signed as Colonel of the Fourteenth Indiana and afterwards he
was reappointed to the same position.
. Major-General W. S. Hancock was assigned to the command
of the Second Corps on the loth of June, 1863, succeeding Gen
eral Couch, who had been assigned to the command of the
Department of the Susquehanna. Surely the Second Corps
was fortunate in its commanders. Sumner, Couch, Hancock,
Warren and Humphreys — these were no ordinary officers.
We broke camp on Sunday evening, June 14th, and
marched out about two miles and then marched back to camp
again. We left the old camp for good at three o'clock Monday
morning, June 15th, and started out on our long tramp to
ward Gettysburg. The first day or two we were in Stafford
County. This county appeared to be poverty stricken. Poor
soil and shiftless human nature had obstructed all enterprises.
The country was destitute of public improvements. Dense

56 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
woods and thickets of jack pine and scrub oak with occasional
clearings, poor roads and old tumble down houses, describe the
country of our first day's march. We crossed Acquia creek at a
little hamlet called Acquia, marched through Stafford Court
House which was a smoking ruin, going into camp about half a
dozen miles north of that point. The day's march was about
twenty miles, but owing to the intense heat and clouds of dust
and heavy marching order of the soldiers, it was one of the most
trying days in the whole summer's campaign. It is pretty hard
for a soldier to throw away a new overcoat, a nice woolen blanket
or a change of underclothing, especially when nobody knows
how far he is going or how soon he may need these articles.
When human endurance is exhausted, the highly prized mer
chandise is reluctantly dropped by the roadside. The next
day's march was upwards of twenty miles and carried us across
Quantico creek, near Purcell's mill, through Dumfries and
thence north by the Telegraph road, crossing Neabasco creek
and going into camp near Occoquan, on the Occoquan river.
Here we found the first good water since leaving the Rappa
hannock. The next day, the 17th, we had a short, comfortable
march of some ten miles to Fairfax Station, on the Orange and
Alexandria Railroad. We were now some four miles south of
Fairfax Court House and about five miles from Bull Run. The
Regiment rested here one full day and on the 19th proceeded
about ten miles to Centerville.
While the Regiment stopped at Centerville, the boys had
a good time in joining in a raid on a sutler belonging to one of
the Massachusetts batteries. General William Hayes ordered
two guns and a small force of infantry into position to disperse
the mob. Before they got ready to act, however, not only the
"mob" but the contents of the sutler's tent had been "dis
persed." It was noticed in the Regiment that the boys' supply
of tobacco had been increased during our stop at Centerville.
We started for Thoroughfare Gap at noon, June 20th, and
arrived at our destination a httle after midnight. The march
took us across the old Bull Run battlefield, where many evi
dences of the battles of former years were visible. Parts of
human skeletons were seen protruding from the ground and

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 57
splintered trees were upon every side. The last part of the
march was very trying and in the darkness the boys ot the
Regiment stumbled over stones and into ditches. They knew
from talk in the Regiment that we were bound for Thoroughfare
Gap, but no one seemed to know how far away that place was.
While the Regiment was plodding along, slowly picking its
way in the dark, one of the boys fell into a deep ditch and when
inquired of as to what he was doing down there he answered
back, " Boys, here's the gap. I've stopped it up!" The next
day we could hear the guns through the gap from the cavalry
fight at Upperville.
General Hooker, like all his predecessors, in the race north
after General Lee, was required to keep his army between the
enemy and the city of Washington. Sometimes writers have
attempted to ridicule the anxiety of President Lincoln and Sec
retary Stanton for the safety of the Capital. It was felt by the
administration that the city of Washington must be protected
at all hazards. The capture of the Capital, in the then condi
tion of foreign affairs, might have proved fatal to the Union
cause. The fear of foreign intervention, which purposely was
not much talked about, hung on the horizon like a dark, threat
ening cloud. Had Washington been captured by the Confeder
ates, that fact would very likely have furnished the excuse for
foreign intervention. It is doubtful if the National Govern
ment could have recovered from the loss of Washington ; hence
the great and justifiable anxiety of the administration for its
security and protection.
The Regiment had four days of rest while in the vicinity
of Thoroughfare. During this time the boys of the Regiment
gathered and cooked green apples which afforded a change in
the monotony of their diet. The apples of course were very
small, but when cooked, they were very palatable. Other
changes in diet also were noticeable, to which changes the
farmers in that locality unwillingly contributed.
General Alexander S. Webb was assigned to the command
of the Philadelphia Brigade of our Division at Thoroughfare
Gap. He had been an officer of ability in the regular service,
and his force of character and personal gallantry at Gettysburg,

58 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Bristoe Station, Wilderness and Spottsylvania contributed in no
small measure to the renown of the Second Corps.
The Corps left Thoroughfare Gap on the 25th, our Division
taking the rear in the line of march. The Regiment proceeded
as far as Haymarket, an insignificant hamlet where the road
turned north in the direction of Gum Springs. As the Regiment
was proceeding quietly on its way, and when at Haymarket,
from a lofty erninence to the right and rear came bursting
shells into the midst of our Brigade and we lost one man in our
Regiment, Israel D. Jones, of Company G, the first soldier in the
Regiment killed by the enemy. In less than ten minutes from
the time that Mr. Jones was chatting cheerfully with the man
marching at his side, he was buried by the roadside and left
to sleep his last sleep. A private soldier in the Fifteenth Massa
chusetts and several others in the Division were wounded. The
attack was so unexpected that it created some confusion in our
Division. Let the Confederate General Stuart give his account
of this affair.
" Moving to the right with my brigades, we passed through
Glasscock's Gap without serious difficulty and marched to Haymarket.
I had previously sent Major Mosby with some picked men to gain the
vicinity of Dranesville, find where a crossing was practicable and bring
intelligence to me near Gum Springs on June 25th. As we neared
Haymarket we found that Hancock's Corps was enroute through
Haymarket for Gum Springs, his infantry well distributed through his
trains. I chose a good position and opened with the artillery on his
passing column with effect, scattering men, wagons and horses in wild
confusion; disabled one of the enemy's caissons, which he abandoned,
and compelled him to advance in order of battle to compel us to desist.
As Hancock had the right of way on my road, I sent Fitz Lee's Brigade
to Gainesville to reconnoitre and devoted the remainder of the day to
grazing our horses."!
This was the beginning of Stuart's famous raid in the rear
of our army prior to the battle of Gettysburg.
We went into camp that night at Gum Springs in the midst
of a terrific shower, having made a march of twenty-five miles
that day, — the longest march we had ever made. While at Gum
Springs, a brigade consisting of four New York regiments,
under the command of the gallant General Alexander Hays,
joined our Corps. General Hays immediately took command
of the Third Division. General Gibbon had commanded our

IWar Records, Vol. XXVII, Part II, page 692.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 59
Division since the assignment of General Howard, in April,
to the command of the Eleventh Corps.
The next morning, June 26th, gave promise of a beautiful
summer day, and the Corps started for Edward's Ferry on the
Potomac, a distance of twelve miles. After arriving at the
Potomac, the Regiment waited until nearly midnight, when it
crossed the river on a pontoon bridge and encamped for the
night. Twenty-four hours later the Confederate General Stuart
with his cavalry crossed the Potomac at Seneca, between
Edward's Ferry and Washington. The Regiment on the next
day marched through Poolesville and Barnesville, to the south
easterly slope of the Sugar Loaf Mountain, where it went into
camp for the night. The next day's march of eighteen miles
took the Regiment through a beautiful and fertile country, to
Monocacy Junction.
In their march from Virginia to Pennsylvania the Confed
erate cavalry did not keep upon the flanks of their army, as is
usual, but started on a wild goose chase and went northeast
of the Union Army and as a consequence. General Lee was not
advised as to the movements of our troops as he would have been
had his cavalry been at hand. Their cavalry, however, was
able to create consternation in the Northern cities by their ap
pearing upon the banks of the Susquehanna in sight of Harris
burg and levying tribute upon the villages in southern Penn
sylvania. While the Union army was in the vicinity of Frederick City,
General Hooker applied to General Halleck, General-in-Chief,
for the 10,000 men, doing garrison duty at Harper's Ferry under
General French. Halleck positively refused Hooker's request.
Hooker desired the troops to unite with Slocum's Corps in order
that they might attack Lee's communications, following up in
his rear. General Hooker went to Harper's Ferry on June 27th
and while there he received a dispatch from General Halleck
saying, " Maryland Heights have always been regarded as an
important point to be held by us and much expense and labor
incurred in fortifying them. I cannot approve their abandon
ment except in case of absolute necessity." To which General
Hooker replied, " I have received your telegram in regard to

6o THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Harper's Ferry. I find 10,000 men here in condition to take
the field. Here they are of no earthly account. They cannot
defend a ford of the river and as far as Harper's Ferry is con
cerned there is nothing of it. As for the fortifications, the work
of troops, they remain when the troops are withdrawn. No
enemy will ever take possession of them for them. This is my
opinion. All of the pubhc property could have been secured to
night and the troops marched to where they could have been
of some service. Now they are but bait for the Rebels should
they return. 1 beg that this may be presented to the Secretary
of War and His Excellency, the President." General Hooker's
request, which then seemed and now after the lapse of so many
years, appears to have been reasonable, was curtly refused by
General Halleck. General Hooker promptly offered his resigna
tion, which was as promptly accepted. Major-General George G.
Meade, then commander of the Fifth Corps, was assigned to the
command of the Army of the Potomac. He was a general of
fine intellect, personal bravery and popular in his own Corps,
but had never achieved any brilliant success or met with any se
rious reverse. While dangerous to change the commander of an
army on the eve of battle, the new commander was one who had
served in that army from the beginning of the war. General
Couch, in a diary kept by him, stated that he had a long private
conversation with President Lincoln after the battle of Chan
cellorsville and advised the President to make a change in com
manders of the army, remarking that "Meade is the man for the
place." In the General Order relinquishing command of the
army. General Hooker commended General Meade to the sol
diers as a "brave and accomplished officer who has nobly
earned the confidence and esteem in this army on many a well-
fought field." His order was closed with an earnest prayer for the
success of the Union arms. General Hooker was ordered to re
port in Baltimore and when he appeared a few days later in
Washington to explain his action he was immediately put under
arrest for visiting the Capital without Halleck's permission.
This was a piece of petty and contemptible persecution, which
might well have been omitted under the circumstances. It was,
however, a short and easy method of replying to questions that

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 6 1
would have otherwise been inconvenient to answer. General
Halleck immediately placed the garrison at Harper's Ferry
under Meade's control, as he ought to have done in the case
of Hooker and the troops were withdrawn — something Hooker
begged for but which was denied. General Hooker was right.
The refusal of Halleck (who never liked Hooker) to permit the
withdrawal of French from Harper's Ferry has no defenders
at this time.
It was the intention of General Meade to have the Second
Corps set out early on the morning of the 29th and proceed to
Uniontown. By a strange oversight or blunder of the orderly
delivering the order it was not brought to the attention of
General Hancock until between eight and nine o'clock in the
morning. So the Corps set out on the longest day's march
in its history, on the hot, sultry morning of the 29th of June,
between eight and nine o'clock. Our Division took the advance
of the Corps in the line of march. Sometime in the forenoon,
after being three or four hours on the road, the Division came to
a considerable creek, which could be crossed by fording knee-
deep. There was, however, a timber thrown across the creek
at the side of the road, hewn on top, which made a very re
spectable crossing for pedestrians. If the men crossed singly
on this timber it would impede the march of the men, and strict
orders were given that the men should ford the creek. Those
in the rear saw the bunching of the men in the road ahead and
then knew, without being told, what was coming. Many of the
men dropped by the side of the road and removed their shoes
and stockings and rolled up their trousers. Others kept in
line, while still others scurried to the side and ran over the log
crossing. No one need be told that the reason for the reluctance
of the men fording this creek was that marching with one's
shoes filled with water, over a dusty road, in the middle of a hot
June day not only would cause much inconvenience in marching
but it would also result in blistered feet and disabled men. One
of the Division staff-officers rode back and forth near the cross
ing place and urged the officers to compel their men to ford the
creek. Colonel Colvill, of the First Minnesota, gave the order
for the men to wade through the water. His men, however,

62 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
interpreted the manner of giving the order to mean for them to
do as they pleased, which they proceeded to do. When the
Division had passed this point and the staff-officer was returning
to the head of the Division, the Nineteenth Maine, Fifteenth
Massachusetts and First Minnesota joined in groaning at and
hooting the staff-officer. He evidently thought that the First
Minnesota was the chief sinner, and placed Colonel Colvill under
arrest. When the First Minnesota was going into the action at
Gettysburg Colonel Colvill asked to be released from arrest,
and he went into the action with his gallant regiment on the
2nd of July, where he was dangerously wounded.
This day's march was through one of the most beautiful
and fertile regions of the whole country. It was through a long,
beautiful valley, shut in on both sides by hills and settled by
prosperous farmers. It seemed like paradise to the soldiers
who had for so long a time tramped over the desolate and barren
soil of Virginia. Cherry trees, loaded with rich cherries, were
upon the roadsides, and the hospitable people brought bread
and milk to the tired and hungry soldiers. There was no time
for eating or drinking. The column pressed forward: The sol
diers knew that some emergency had arisen which required this
prolonged and painful march. When the column reached the
beautiful town of Liberty, regiment after regiment filed into
the fields and groves just north of the town and it was supposed
that we were going into bivouac for the night. Hardly had the
men thrown themselves upon the ground when the order to fall
in came, and the men of the Nineteenth stretched their aching
limbs, endeavoring to again take the swinging gait which they
had kept up since morning. Late in the afternoon it was a little
cooler. Occasionally stars appeared in the heavens, but still
the tramp kept up. Just before nine o'clock on that night we
reached Uniontown and filed into a beautiful grove to rest
for the night, having made a march of thirty-two miles on that
day. General Hancock issued an order which was read to the
Corps the next morning thanking the men for their endurance
in making their great march.
All of General Lee's infantry had marched up the Cumber
land valley west of the Blue Ridge, having crossed the Potomac

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 63
at Williamsport, above Harper's Ferry. General Hooker had
previous to his asking to be relieved detached Slocum for the
purpose of assailing Lee's communications. As to Hooker's
policy, I quote the following paragraph from General Double-
day's history of Gettysburg:
" The wisdom of Hooker's policy in desiring to assail the Rebel
communications is demonstrated by the fact that Lee immediately
turned back. The head of the serpent faced about as soon as its tail
was trodden upon. He came to the conclusion to prevent an attack
against his rear by threatening Baltimore with his whole force. This
would necessarily cause the Union army to march further east to con
front him and thus prevent it from operating in heavy force in the
Cumberland valley. Accordingly, on the night of the 28th, Lee sent
express to all of his corps commanders to concentrate at Gettysburg.
If he had known that Meade was about to withdraw all the troops act
ing against his line of retreat, he would probably have gone on and
taken Harrisburg.'"!
Lieutenant Palmer writes with respect to wading the
stream north of Frederick City as follows :
"On reaching the northern bank of the stream the soldiers intui
tively caught the new high step. The sole of the foot was raised to the
rear, and the higher the step the better the drainage and the smaller
the number of parboiled feet at supper time. There was no opportun
ity to stop there near the bank to remove the footwear or to use nature's
wringers, for an army was upon our backs. We left some more of the
stream when deployed in the field and made up our time by the strenu
ous push that followed. With all the disadvantage of wet clothing
and soaked feet, the Regiment made the longest march that day that
it ever made."
Captain E. A. Burpee, in a letter written to Lieutenant
Palmer, relates an incident which occurred at the close of this
day's march, which is worth preserving.
"When night came we had marched thirty- two miles, and a portion
of the Regiment was ordered out on picket. You remember Captain
Smith, yourself and myself lay in a little shelter tent together. Cap
tain Smith said, 'I think we are on the eve of a terrible battle and I feel
that I shall be killed or wounded. ' I said, 'Don't think that way. We
all feel as if we -might get hit.' He replied, ' No; but I have a present
ment that something is going to happen to me and I hope I shall be
prepared to die.' "
Three days later Captain Smith fell on the battlefield of
Gettysburg. During the 30th the Regiment remained in camp and was
mustered for pay. Early on the morning of July i st the Second
Corps started for Gettysburg and after stopping a short time
! Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, p. !!6.

64 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
at Taneytown made a forced march the balance of the distance.
While halting at Taneytown, General Meade learned of the dis
aster which had befallen the First Corps and he sent General
Hancock forward to represent him on the field and to assume
command of all the forces there. Late in the afternoon we
started out and made good time until we arrived at our des
tination. Just after dark the Corps was halted by order of
General Gibbon and was directed to get into position where the
head of the column then was. Our Second Division took posi
tion on the left of the Taneytown road, our left being near the
southeastern base of " Round Top," and the right near the road.
The Third Division was posted upon the right of the road abreast
of the Second, and the First Division in the rear of the other
two. Arms were stacked and the men dropped down on the
ground to sleep, and to many of them it was their last sleep on
earth. At midnight General Meade and his staff rode by
General Gibbon's headquarters on their way to the battlefield
and General Meade stopped and conversed with General Gibbon
for some little time. Gibbon commanded the Corps on the
afternoon of July ist. Some twenty or twenty-five men, the
pitiful remnant of the Sixteenth Maine, lay down to rest with us
that night. Their Regiment had been nearly annihilated in the
day's battle. A large portion of their Regiment had been cap
tured. Their account of the day's experience was not reassur
ing. The battle of Gettysburg has been described more fully
and minutely than any other battle of the war. Gettysburg
is the county seat of Adams County and at the time of the battle
had a population of about three thousand. The town is in the
center of the battlefield. Ten roads diverged from the town
almost as regularly as spokes of a wagon-wheel from the hub.
These roads lead to Hagerstown, Chambersburg, Mummasburg,
Carlisle, Harrisburg, York, Hanover, Baltimore, Taneytown
and Emmitsburg, and are named for the places to which they
severally lead. Because of these unusual facilities for the con
centration of an army and the "lay of the land " in the vicinity,
it would almost seem that Gettysburg had been designed for a
battlefield.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 65
Every loyal state east of the Mississippi except Kentucky,
together with Minnesota west of that river, and every one of
Confederate states were represented by troops on the battlefield
of Gettysburg. The Army of the Potomac had present for duty and on the
battlefield, 83,900 men. This, however, included the Sixth Corps
of 14,500 men, only a small portion of which was actively en
gaged. The Confederate army had upon the field and engaged
about 70,000 infantry and artillery. In addition to these fig
ures, each side had about 10,000 cavalry. This would make the
number actually engaged approximately equal.
General Buford, with two cavalry divisions, went into
camp, the night of June 30th, on the Chambersburg pike west
of the town. He had discovered the enemy's camp-fires and
had predicted that the next day the Confederates "three lines
deep" would charge his forces. He was right in his prediction.
His men on July ist most gaUantly held their ground until the
First Corps, under General Reynolds, came to their relief.
Afterwards two divisions of the Eleventh Corps came upon the
.field and went into position on the right of the First Corps,
but not until General Reynolds had been killed on the soil of
his native state and almost within sight of his boyhood home.
He was one of the soldier Generals of the army for whom his
men had a fond attachment. The Divisions of Heth and
Pender, of Hill's Corps, had come in during the night from the
west, on the Chambersburg pike, and between one and two
o'clock in the afternoon, Rodes' Division of five Brigades of in
fantry belonging to EweU's Corps, made its appearance on the
north of the town, coming in by the Carlisle road. Later in the
day these two detachments of the Confederate army were rein
forced by other troops. The First and Eleventh Corps were
driven from the field late in the afternoon by the overwhelming
numbers opposed to them, the Eleventh Corps first retreat
ing pell-mell through the town.
It was at this time that General Hancock appeared upon
the scene. The panorama that opened out to his view as he
galloped up on Cemetery Ridge, his horse covered with foam,
was what might well have appalled a more timid man. Hancock

66 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
took in the situation at a glance and formulated his plans.
There was only one Brigade of infantry of the two Corps present,
which was intact and had not been engaged. That was the
brigade of Colonel Orland Smith, commanding the Second
Brigade, Second Division, of the Eleventh Corps, which stood in
line on Cemetery Hill, facing the town. Smith was a native of
Maine and was Colonel of the Seventy-third Ohio. He had in
his brigade two regiments from Ohio, two from New York and.
one trom Massachusetts. This brigade General Hancock used
as a neucleus about which to rally the retreating forces, and
extended that Brigade line both to the right and left. Down
the Baltimore pike poured the panic-stricken men of the Elev
enth Corps. On the left of Smith's Brigade was formed the
shattered remnant of the First Corps, under General Double-
day. Out of these beaten and disorganized troops a new line
of battle was constructed, taking advantage of the contour of
the ground. Ammunition was brought up and men fleeing from
the battlefield slowly returned and rejoined their organizations.
The inspiring presence of General Hancock soon restored confi
dence. Buford's cavalry was drawn up on the plain between 4
Cemetery and Seminary Ridges with the same regularity and
standing as steadily as if on parade. Within an hour and a half
after Hancock had arrived upon the field and assumed com
mand he had dispatched a staff officer to General Meade, ad
vising him that he had selected a suitable position for defense
and advised concentrating there.
In contrast to the brave, chivalrous spirit of Hancock, one
is confronted with the following words of the commander of
the Eleventh Corps, written on the evening of July ist to
General Meade.
"General Hancock's order in writing to assume command reached
here about seven. * * * The above has mortified me and will
disgrace me. Please inform me frankly if you disapprove of my con
duct today, that I may know what to do.
I am. General, very respectfully,
y Your obedient servant,
i. O. O. Howard, Major-General Commanding."
Through manipulation, congress, in 1864, by joint resclu-
tion, thanked Generals Hooker, Meade and Howard " for the
skill and heroic valor displayed at Gettysburg." It took two

From-MAINE AT GETTYSBURG"

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 67
or three years to shame congress into acknowledging the great
service of that brave soldier. General Hancock, by a resolution
of thanks. General Warren, afterwards the illustrious commander of
the Fifth Army Corps, was at this time Chief Engineer of the
Army of the Potomac, and he was present on the afternoon of
July 1st and rendered great assistance to General Hancock.
The first day's battle at Gettysburg was a Confederate
victory. It was won because the Confederates had the most
men there. Generally victories are won in that way. It was
not a fruitful victory, however. Upon the retreat of the
Eleventh Corps through Gettysburg and the First to Cemetery
Hill, there was considerable confusion around our extreme
right. The pursuit of the Confederates through the town was
somewhat slow. General Lee instructed Ewell to carry Cem
etery Hill if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general en
gagement until the arrival of the other divisions of his army.
This was the golden opportunity for the Confederates. They
halted when Cemetery Hill was almost within their grasp.
They could not then have fully realized its importance. Had
they captured it, the great battle would not have been fought
where it was. General Hancock wrote, in 1878, that in his
opinion "if the Confederates had continued the pursuit of Gen
eral Howard on the afternoon of the ist of July, they would
have driven him over and beyond Cemetery Hill." Hancock
adds that after he arrived upon the field and assumed command
and made his dispositions for defending that point, he did "not
think the Confederate forces then present could have carried it."
Our losses the first day were very heavy in killed and wound
ed and prisoners. The Confederate losses in killed and wounded
were also large. The First Corps fought for six hours against
more than twice its numbers and then did not withdraw until
compelled to do so by the retreat of the Eleventh Corps on its
right flank. It was here that the Sixteenth Maine under Colonel
Tilden, belonging to Paul's Brigade and Robinson's Division
of the First Corps, met its great loss. This regiment was ordered
by General Robinson to take possession of the hill which com
manded a road, and hold the same as long as there was a man

68 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
left. This sacrifice of the Regiment was regarded as necessary
by General Robinson in order to save as much of his Division
as possible. In the history of Gettysburg by John M. Vander-
shce, it is stated that the Sixteenth JVlaine had two hundred and
ninety-eight men in this engagement, and its loss on the ist
of July was two hundred thirty-two, of which one hundred
sixty-four were reported missing and sixty-eight as killed or
wounded. Maine has reason to be proud of the service of this
Regiment at Gettysburg.
Captain James A. Hall, with the Second Battery, Maine
Light Artillery, and Captain G. T. Stevens, with the Fifth
Battery, belonging to the First Corps, suffered heavy losses
here on the ist of July. |
General Doubleday was in command of the First Corps
on the 1st of July, as General Reynolds was in command of the
left wing. Doubleday manoeuvred his Corps with great ability
and the men fought with splendid gallantry that day. Yet
General Meade relieved him at the close of the day and ap
pointed General Newton from the Sixth Corps to succeed him.
Newton was Doubleday's junior in rank. General Doubleday
was ordered to report to the Adjutant-General of the army at
Washington on July 5th, and he had command of a portion of
the defenses of Washington for a few days. After that he was
assigned to court-martial duty and insignificant commands.
Thursday morning, July 2nd, the position of the Union
troops, which remained nearly the same through July 3rd,
was as follows: The Twelfth Corps, under General Slocum,
held the extreme right of the line, which included Gulp's Hill.
Wadsworth's Division of the First Corps held the line between
Gulp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. Then came the three Divisions
of Howard's Eleventh Corps. Robinson's Division of the First
Corps came next and extended across the Taneytown road as
far as Zeigler's Grove, while Doubleday's Division of the First
Corps was in the rear, in reserve. Passing to the left, next came
Hancock's Second Corps, the Divisions of Hays, Gibbon and
Caldwell. Sickles' Third Corps joined Hancock on the left.
The Fifth Corps, under Sykes, which had marched all night from
Hanover, came up in the early morning and occupied the ground

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 69
on and about Round Top, on the left of the Third Corps and
the extreme left of the infantry line. Sedgwick's Sixth Corps
arrived late in the afternoon of July 2nd, after a long, forced
march, and was posted as a reserve. Buford's cavalry was on
the left. The Union line from Cemetery Hill to Round Top faced
nearly west, while from Cemetery Hill to the extreme right it
faced east. The Union line of battle was about four miles long,
being nearly semi-circular in shape. The two flanks of the army
were only about a mile and a half apart. The Confederate line
of battle was nearly the same shape, but being the outer line,
was some five and a half miles long. On the Confederate right
was Longstreet's Corps in front of Round Top. On Longstreet's
left, extending along Seminary Ridge, was Hill's Corps, while
Rodes' Division of EweU's Corps occupied the town of Gettys
burg. Early's and Johnson's Divisions of EweU's Corps held
the Confederate left. The Division of Heth, belonging in this
Corps, was in reserve, while Pickett's Division of Longstreet's
Corps had not yet arrived.
Our Brigade marched upon the battlefield on the morning
of July 2nd at about seven o'clock. Webb's Philadelphia Bri
gade occupied the right of the division line. Hall's Brigade
extended the line to the left. These two brigades covered about
500 yards in line of battle. About 275 or 300 yards in their
front was a large brick house, known as the Codori House. Our
Brigade was stationed at first in reserve, some seventy-five
yard in the rear of the center of the other two brigades, in close
column, by regiments. Here we remained under the cannonad
ing of the enemy. While the Brigade was lying on the ground
in reserve, a shell dropped into the line of the First Minnesota
killing one man and severely wounding a Sergeant belonging
to that regiment. About five o'clock the First Minnesota was
taken from the Brigade and conducted a short distance to the
left, to support Battery C, Fourth United States Artillery.
The Fifteenth Massachusetts and Eighty-second New York were
then taken and* conducted to the front as far as the Emimits-
burg road and placed in position near the Codori House, to pro
tect the right flank of Humphreys' Division, which was being

70 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
driven back. In the meantime, the Nineteenth Massachusetts
and Forty-second New York had been taken out of the Third
Brigade line and sent to the left, as a support to some portion
of Sickles' Corps. The First Division, under General Caldwell
had also been withdrawn from our left and sent to report to
General Sykes, to aid in extricating Sickles from his precarious
situation. That left the Nineteenth Maine practically alone
on the particular part of the field it then occupied. After these
changes were made, the Regiment was then formed in line, taken
somewhat to the left and advanced rapidly to the front. There
were no troops then between its left company and the First
Minnesota, about sixty rods away. General Hancock rode
along and jumped from his horse and took the first man on the
left (who was George Durgin of Company F) and conducted
him forward about a couple of rods and a little to the left. He
said to Durgin, "Will you stay here?" Durgin who was a short
heavy man, looked up into the General's face and replied, " I'll
stay here, General, until h  1 freezes over." The general
smiled and ordered the Colonel to dress his regiment on that
man, jumped upon his horse and galloped away.
Sergeant Silas Adams, of Company F, furnishes the follow
ing description of the Regiment's experiences on the 2nd of
July: "The Confederates made no attack in front of the position we
were holding in the forenoon, but they evidently knew we were there.
Every now and then they would pitch a shell over among us, which
would strike in our midst, killing or wounding a number of men. All
we could do was to lie there and guess where the next one would strike
or who the next victim would be. We were near enough to the crest
of the hill to get the full benefit of their fireworks. The Third Corps
under General Sickles, was in full view, forming on the Emmitsburg
road, his left division extending through a peach orchard toward Little
Round Top. Sickles' right division, under General Humphreys, ex
tended along the Emmitsburg road toward the Codori house. In
order to protect the right flank of the Third Corps, Battery B, First R. I.
Artillery, the Eighty-second New York and Fifteenth Massachusetts
Regiments were advanced to the Emmitsburg road and took position
near the Codori house. We watched with intense interest the progress
of the battle and soon saw that it was a losing fight on the part of the
Third Corps. Through the smoke we could see the approach of the
coming storm. Humphreys' Division was breaking up and coming
toward us, yet stubbornly holding on and contesftng every foot of
ground. At last being overpowered by weight of numbers, Hum
phreys' line came back in confusion, — a broken, disorganized mass.
This was late in the afternoon. Colonel Heath walked rapidly along

Sergeant Silas Adams, Co. F.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 7I
in front of the Regiment, cautioning the men to lie still and permit
the retreating troops to pass over us. Our right extended well up the
ridge, but there was no infantry connection on our left except the First
Minnesota, some sixty rods away and more to the rear, east of the ra
vine. Two batteries joined us on the left and that brought their left
gim quite to the head of the ravine. We lay upon our faces, hugging
the ground. Nearer and nearer came the retreating soldiers of Hum
phreys' Division. Some of them were wounded and some of the
wounded were being brought back by their comrades. They were all
of them in a hurry. These men were not particular where they stepped
in walking over us, they only seemed intent upon getting to the rear
and out of the reach of their relentless pursuers. Yet there were many
brave spirits among these routed troops. Some called out to us,
'Hang on, boys, and we will form in your rear.' Others informed
us that we were whipped and all was lost. A portion ot the Excelsior
Brigade tried to re-form and collected perhaps a hundred men, but
they were soon swept away in the general panic. As soon as the last
of the Third Corps got out of the way, we found the Confederates
following and giving the routed men good and sufficient reasons for
being in a. hurry. The enemy was about thirty-five yards from our
lines when Colonel Heath gave the order the rise and fire. The Nine
teenth had about 400 men in line of battle when the Regiment rose
and delivered its deadly fire into the faces of the Confederates. They
were staggered and halted. In this position of some thirty yards
from their lines we fired about eight rounds each into their ranks. The
Battery which joined us upon our left commenced firing the moment
the front was clear of the Third Corps. These guns did most excellent
work. The gunners, with coats off and sleeves rolled up, were working
their guns throwing shell and canister into, and making terrible havoc
in the enemy's ranks. Company F under Captain Starbird, held the
left of the Regimental line. He discovered some of the enemy upon
his left flank. The left of Company F was thrown back a short dis
tance to meet this new emergency. This movement to the rear, on
the left of our line, exposed the battery on our left to capture, so the
guns of the battery were drawn back to conform to our movement.
The First Minnesota was stationed sixty-five rods to our left. This
Regiment charged across the ravine, checking and driving back the
Rebel brigade of Alabama troops under Wilcox. This renowned
charge of the First Minnesota in its great loss has never been equaled in
modem warfare. In killed and wounded, out of 263 men engaged,
it lost in killed and wounded over 200. The advance of the Minnesota
men uncovered the right of Perry's Florida Brigade, now under the
command of Colonel Lang.
"On July 2nd, the Fifty-ninth New York or the Seventh Michigan
was the next regiment on our right, and the Twentieth Massachusetts
was still further to its right. This was all of the Third Brigade in our
line, as the Nineteenth Massachusetts and Forty-second New York
had been ordered to the left, in support of Sickles. Then to the right
of the Third Brigade was Webb's Brigade of our Division. While the
Fifty-ninth New York and the Seventh Michigan repulsed the charge of
the Confederates, these regiments did not attempt to follow them as
they retreated across the Emmitsburg road. The Twentieth Massa
chusetts, on the right of these two regiments, never fired a shot except
what firing was done by two companies on the skirmish line. The
First Minnesota and the Nineteenth Maine were the only regiments in
our Division that undertook to follow the Confederates across the
Emmitsburg road. The Minnesota boys charged as far as our Regi-

72 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
ment did, but owing to the fact that the Emmitsburg road did not run
parallel with our line oi battle, they did not reach that road.
"A color Sergeant in front of the Rebel lines made himself con
spicuous, advancing to the front and waving his flag. Colonel Heath
called out to some of his men, 'Drop that color-bearer.' A member of
Company C responded and the Sergeant went down with his flag.
During the progress of the battle. Colonel Heath received word that
the enemy had made his appearance on our right flank. He ordered
the Regiment to fall back, and it did so in perfect order. The distance
the Regiment fell back did not exceed two or three rods, when they
faced the enemy again and, in perfect alignment began firing again.
While the Nineteenth was engaged in loading and firing, it was ob
served that a small body of men had formed in our rear. They were
waving their flags and appeared to be cheering us on in the work we
had in hand. They showed no anxiety, however, to advance with us.
We heard the ringing order of Colonel Heath to fix bayonets. Then
the order to charge was given and the Regiment started forward and
down across the plain, like a tornado let loose. The men made much
noise in the way of cheering. The Rebels fell back rapidly and our
Regiment advanced nearly to the Emmitsburg road, capturing many
prisoners, two stands of colors, three pieces of artillery and four cais
sons. The cannon and caissons were among the captures of the enemy
from the Third Corps. In charging across the field, our men discovered
the enemy making off with these captures, hauling them away with drag
ropes. Colonel Heath ordered us to recapture them, which we did in
short order. When the Regiment was ordered to halt, its right wing
could not ha\'e been more than four rods from the Emmitsburg road,
the left wing being somewhat further away, as the line of our advance
was not at right angles with the road. When the Rebels had retreated
beyond the point where we halted, they returned a brisk fire into our
lines. We were ordered to lie down. In advancing, the left of our
Regimental line passed over the flag of the Eighth Florida Regiment,
and Colonel Heath stated that the right of our Regiment also brought
down another Rebel flag in our charge across the plain. We had no
infantry connection immediately upon our right or left. Just as we
were ordered back, our attention was attracted by loud cheering in the
rear. It was a portion of the Excelsior Brigade which had followed us
about one-third of the distance we had charged and had come up to
the Eighth Florida flag, lying upon the ground. These New York
men were waving that Rebel flag and cheering wildly. The other
Rebel flag over which we had charged was also picked up and some of
the cannon from which the Nineteenth had driven the Rebels were
hauled back as trophies of the valor of the Third Corps.
"Our honors were rapidly disappearing. The trophies of our
victory, so dearly earned, were borne away by the men following in
our footsteps, far behind. The honor of capturing the Eighth Florida
flag went to Sergeant Hogan of the Seventy-second New York, of the
Excelsior Brigade. - When Hogan picked up the flag in question there
was not a live Rebel soldier within half a mile of him, unless such
Rebel soldier was a prisoner of war. Colonel Brewster, commander of
the Excelsior Brigade reports that he had collected about 150 men
from four regiments of his Brigade at the time that Hogan picked up
this flag. He also claims that they captured the Major of the Eighth
Florida with this flag. This would be 'important it true.' The Major
of that regiment, however, was not captured by anyone. When the
Regiment returned to its former position, it took back the three twelve-
pounders (brass) which it had captured, and four caissons. When we

|» o

1 \'^ '

°.'»/,°S«!l«

V--

BATTLE OF
GETTYSBU RG
July 2nd 1863.
SECOND DAY.

•'/ijfdf,rdir ,

From^MAIWr AT nFTTV^niinG"

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 73
reached the place from which we had charged, we found a new line
of battle, made up of new troops from other corps. When the Regi
ment appeared upon tie scene with the three guns and the four caissons
coming from the direction of the enemy, the whole line went wild with
cheers over the brilliant charge and capture by the Nineteenth Maine.
Congratulations were extended the men of the Regiment upon every
side." While elated by our success in repulsing the enemy, it was
a very sad night to the most of the boys of the Regiment. When
the roll was called, many a brave boy for the first time failed to
respond to his name. The answers made by the living for their
dead or wounded comrades were pathetic. As the names of
the missing would be called, such answers as these would be
returned: 'John was killed before we fired a shot." "1 saw
Frank throw up his arms and fall just after we fired the first
volley." "Jim was shot through the head." 'Charley was
killed while we were charging across the plain this side of the
brick house." " 1 saw Joe lying on the ground, his face covered
with blood, but he was not dead." "George was killed by a
piece of shell, while we were firing." "Ed is lying dead some
distance this side of the Emmitsburg road." Strong men
sobbed as the heroic dead were named.
The sun set on July 2nd at twenty-three minutes past
seven, almanac time. It was nearly dusk when the Regiment
returned from its charge. The boys of the Nineteenth lay
down upon the ground to rest for the night at nearly the point
from which we charged in the late afternoon. Thefe was not
much sleep that night. The cries of the wounded men, lying
between the lines, suffering with pain and burning with fever
were most pitiful. The writer vividly remembers responding
to a cry for water a few rods in advance of where the Regiment
was lying. It was yet hardly dark and the moon was shining.
The poor fellow calling for help was a Confederate soldier. He
was a fine looking boy, of some seventeen years, and stated
that he belonged to one of the Georgia regiments of Wright's
Brigade. He was shot through one of his lungs and was bleed
ing internally. The boy stated that he was the only child of a
widowed mother and that he had run away from home, to enlist
in the Southern army. His pallid face, blue eyes and quiver
ing lips appealed for sympathy and encouragement. He said

74 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
that his mother was a Christian woman, but that he was not a
Christian. Kneeling by his side, and at the earnest request of
this young soldier, the writer, poorly prepared for the sacred
duty, tried to pray with and comfort this dying boy. At the
first dawn of day upon the following morning this Confederate
boy was found in just the position the writer had placed him
the evening before, — his eyes glazed in death, looking up into
the morning sky, yet not seeing nor caring then. The poor
mother waiting at the lonely hearthstone never knew what had
become of her only child. She no doubt lived in the belief, as
well she might, that her prayers had followed and influenced
the life and character of her boy. Other mothers, heart
broken, all over the country waited in vain for the coming of
the boy who never returned. Such is war.
The most of the authorities on the battle of Gettysburg
claim that it was Wright's Georgia Brigade that our Regiment
charged against on the night of July 2nd. It is unquestion
ably true, as Sergeant Adams asserts, that the left of our line
passed over the flag of the Eighth Florida Regiment lying upon
the ground. The explanation of this apparent discrepancy
probably lies in the fact that the left of the Florida Brigade
and the right of the Georgia Brigade became mingled in their
charge. When the First Minnesota drove back Wilcox' Brig
ade of Alabamians, the Florida Brigade being next to them,
swerved to their left and toward our right, to avoid the Minne
sota men. In the formation of Wright's Georgia Brigade, the
Forty-eighth Regiment was on its extreme left; yet the flag
of this regiment was captured by the Eighty-second New York
of our Brigade, although the Fifty-ninth New York is given the
credit for the capture of this flag. The Eighty-second cap
tured this flag after it had been driven from Codori House to
our line in the early part of the battle and then had re-formed
and charged toward the Emmitsburg road. The io6th Penn
sylvania, which was then upon the immediate right of the
Eighty-second New York, claimed to have captured William
Gibson, the Colonel of the Forty-eighth Georgia. Colonel
Lang, the commander of the Florida Brigade, reported that he
advanced the same time that General Wilcox did with his brig-

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 75
ade, and after he had advanced to the foot of Cemetery Hill, he
was informed that Wilcox had fallen back. Going to the right
of his brigade he discovered that our men had passed him, going
more than one hundred yards toward the Emmitsburg road.
Upon seeing this. Colonel Lang ordered his Brigade to retire.
It was the First Minnesota that checked Wilcox, and Sergeant
Adams reports that the position of this regiment was more than
sixty rods to our left. Colonel Colvill, of the First Minnesota,
in a communication written before his death, acknowledged
his indebtedness to the Nineteenth Maine for its flank fire upon
the Confederates pressing his right.
Colonel W. F. Fox, in his history of New York at Gettys
burg, states that Anderson's Brigades were "checked by the
well-directed flank fire from the Nineteenth Maine, of Har
row's Brigade."
In his report. General Hancock speaks of the repulse of
the enemy on July 2nd, in front of Gibbon's Division and adds
the following complimentary allusion to our Regiment: "In
this last operation the Nineteenth Maine, Colonel F. E. Heath
commanding, bore a conspicuous part." General Harrow in his
official report, stated that "the enemy continued to advance
until they attacked with great fury the commands of Colonels
Colvill and Heath, endeavoring to take the batteries under
their protection." General Harrow then commends in the
strongest language the conduct of Lieutenant Evan Thomas,
commanding Battery C, Fourth United States Artillery, be
tween our Regiment and the First Minnesota, and the effective
fire of Thomas' guns. General Harrow then adds the following
in his report: "Colonel Heath, Nineteenth Maine Volunteers,
was attacked with equal desperation, the enemy at one time ob
taining possession of three of the guns of the battery on his left.
These guns he retook and carried from the field, most of the
battery horses having been killed and many of the gunners
killed and wounded. The officers and men of this command,
as also the officers and men of the battery, deserve high com
mendation for their determination and valor."
After our charge troops from other corps were hurried into
the space occupied earlier in the day by Caldwell's Division,

76 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
but before they arrived the Confederate brigades had been
pounded back across the Emmitsburg road.
A statement appears in the history of the Nineteenth
Maine in the volume, "Maine at Gettysburg," published by
authority of the State, that the author believes is entitled to
no credence whatever. This statement represents General
Humphreys, on the night of July 2nd, riding back in front of
his retreating division to our Regiment, then lying upon the
ground, and ordering our men to rise and stop, with the bay
onet, the retreating soldiers of his command. It is further
stated that Colonel Heath refused to permit his men to obey
the order, and that General Humphreys rode down our Regi
mental line giving the order himself, and that Colonel Heath
followed, countermanding the order. This statement, in a
modified form, first appeared many years after the war. As
originally given out by Colonel Heath, it was that an officer
whom he supposed was General Humphreys ordered him to
have his men, with the bayonet, stop the retreating troops.
General Humphreys died December 27, 1883. This fiction
really never appeared until years after his death. The late
Captain Nash never placed any credence in this story. Neither
does Major Charles Hamlin, the Assistant Adjutant-General
of Humphreys' Division. Doubtless some officer did urge
Colonel Heath to do what he claims. The colorless report
which Colonel Heath made of the engagement, in which he
devotes less than six lines to the most heroic act in the history
of the Regiment, does not reflect any special credit upon him.
He claims that he originally furnished a fuller report, which by
reason of his criticism of other troops in that engagement, was
returned to him disapproved. As late as 1889, Colonel Heath,
in a letter, related this episode as to Humphreys. He did not
then assert that the officer who ordered him to halt the retreat
ing men of the Third Corps was General Humphreys. A West
Point officer as strict and punctilious as General Humphreys
would not be likely to do what is charged in this distorted
account. On the evening of July 2nd, the prospects of our army did
not then appear hopeful to the Union officers. During the after-

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 77
noon the Third Corps had been almost annihilated. The First
Division of the Second Corps and two Divisions of the Fifth in
the contests in the Wheat Field and at the base of Little Round
Top had lost one-half of their men. The enemy's line of battle
was much further advanced upon our left than in the morning.
A portion of our breastworks at Gulp's Hill was also in the pos
session of the enemy. The situation was serious enough for
anxious consideration.
There was a celebrated council of war upon the field of
Gettysburg on the night of July 2nd, of which the private
soldier was supposed to know nothing. Privates may, however,
observe their commanding officers and make mental note of
their appearance.
General Meade, the commander of the army, was a tall,
spare man with grayish whiskers and a large nose, and he always
wore spectacles. He was then forty-eight years old, and he
might then have been taken for a Presbyterian clergyman, un
less one approached him when he was mad. General Double-
day was not in that council; though many thought he ought to
have been. He was a New Yorker by birth and forty-four
years old. He had a large head, high forehead, was rather
stout in appearance, had brown hair and wore a moustache.
He was rather distinguished looking. General Newton, the
First Corps commander, was a thick set man, with brown hair,
a ruddy complexion and a clean shaven face. He was forty-four
years of age and a fine looking man. General Hancock, the
gallant commander of the Second Corps, was the best looking
officer in the army. He was tall and well proportioned, had a
ruddy complexion, brown hair, and he wore a moustache and
tuft of hair upon his chin. He was thirty-nine years old. Had
General Hancock worn citizen's clothes, his order would have
been obeyed anywhere, for he had the appearance of a man
born to command. General Gibbon had command of the Sec
ond Corps much of the time until he was wounded. He was
in the council on the night of July 2nd. Gibbon was a man of
the same age and about the same size as General Slocum. He
had brown hair and a reddish moustache. He was, upon the
whole, a good looking oificer and never appeared nervous

78 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
nor excited. General Sykes, who commanded the Fifth Corps,
had rather a florid complexion, brown hair and blue eyes. He
was small in size, gentlemanly in appearance, wore a full beard
and was then forty-one years of age. General Sedgwick, the
beloved commander of the Sixth Corps, did not have much
about him to indicate his military education. He was heavy-
set, had brown hair, inclined to auburn in color, and always
wore a full beard. He was fifty years old, and was "Uncle
John" to his boys. There was probably not a more popular
corps commander in the army. General Howard was the
youngest of the corps commanders, being thirty-three years old.
He had a dignified manner, had brown hair, wore a full beard
and had blue eyes. He attracted attention because of his empty
sleeve, having lost an arm at the battle of Fair Oaks. The
Twelfth Corps was commanded by General Slocum, a man with
black hair and eyes, slight in build and of somewhat nervous
temperament. He was thirty-six years old. General Pleason
ton, who commanded our cavalry, was thirty-nine years old.
He had brown hair and beard. During this campaign. General
Pleasonton wore a straw hat. General Buford, who inaugu
rated the battle, was thirty-eight years old and died of disease
six months later, on the very day his commission as Major-
General, to date from July ist, '63, was placed in his hands.
Buford was a fine officer. None of these officers would weigh
to exceed 150 to 160 pounds.
These Union officers averaged younger than the men in
high command among the Confederates. At this time. General
Lee was fifty-seven years of age; Longstreet forty-two; Ewell
forty-six, and A. P. Hill thirty-seven. General Stuart, the
commander of their cavalry, was only thirty, while Wade
Hampton was forty-five. ,
The decision of this council was that we were to wait the
attack of the enemy and fight it out here, watching for any
favorable opportunity to administer a counter stroke. This
was a wise conclusion. Several persons, either through malice
or a desire to exalt themselves have asserted that Meade was
desirous at this time of retreating from the field to the line of
Pipe Creek. Some credence was attached to this assertion im-

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 79
mediately after the war, but nobody of intelligence believes
it now. At sunrise, Friday morning July 3rd, there were four com
panies, (B, D, E, and F), of our Regiment, under command of
Captain Fogler, detailed for the skirmish line. We moved some
distance to the right and then advanced toward the Emmitsburg
road. When these companies had reached nearly to the road
they took distance by the left flank. Company F occupied
the right of the skirmish line and Company B the left. The
extreme right of the line was quite near the Emmitsburg road
and opposite the Codori House. The extreme left of the
skirmish line was further from the road than the right. Our
four companies and fifty men from the io6th Pennsylvania
on our right covered the entire Division line.
We had drawn no rations the day before, and many of the
boys had not tasted food for twenty-four hours. Most of them
went to their posts without breakfast, and we had no opportun
ity to procure water on that morning. The 3rd of July, 1863,
was an intensely hot day. There was hardly a breath of air
stirring. From sunrise until one o'clock in the afternoon those
companies in the Brigade line had the more desirable position.
The four companies on the skirmish line were obliged to hug the
ground concealing their bodies in the grass as best they could,
to avoid the Confederate sharpshooters concealed in buildings,
behind fences, trees and rocks on the rising slope beyond the
Emmitsburg road. The men in the line of battle could pro
tect themselves from bullets of the enemy by lying behind the
slight works that had been hastily constructed on Cemetery
Hill. At one o'clock in the afternoon there was suddenly opened
the most terrific cannonading ever witnessed on this continent.
On Seminary Ridge one hundred and thirty-eight Confederate
guns were turned upon our lines, and mostly upon Gibbon's
Division of the Second Corps. This was the point of attack
selected by General Lee for his last mighty effort to break the
Union lines. A clump of trees, the center of the point of attack,
was about the middle of the Second Corps line. Owing to the
form of the Union line, only about eighty Union guns responded

Bo THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
to the Confederate challange. The Confederate line was con
cave on the side toward us, and their guns were throwing pro
jectiles of every kind at our line of battle. The very earth
seemed to tremble as if in the convulsions of a mighty earth
quake. The earth was thrown up in clouds and the air filled
with screeching missiles of death. Upon every side horses were
falling and ca'ssons exploding. Animals fled in terror. Horses
accustomed to the noises of battle neighed in fright. Shells
exploding in the air sent their jagged fragments in all direc
tions. Mothers in neighboring houses, with pale faces and
white lips, clasped their little children in their arms in mortal
fear. The crash and roar were unearthly. It is impossible to
describe the horror and suffering and havoc of this hour.
Partly to deceive the enemy and partly to meet the an
ticipated assault, the Union lines slackened fire a Httle before
three o'clock. The Confederates thought they had silenced our
guns and felt greatly encouraged. The troops of Pickett's
Division of Longstreet's Corps which had not yet been engaged
had been massed in the meantime under cover of the ridge
running between Seminary Ridge and the Emmitsbury road.
Heth's Division, now under the command of Pettigrewl was
formed to the rear and left of Pickett behind Seminary Ridge.
The troops of Wilcox, Perry and Wright were formed in the rear
and to the right of Pickett's line. The Brigades of Scales and
Lane, from Pender's Division, were formed in the rear of Petti-
grew. This body of troops, formed for the purpose of annihilat
ing Gibbon's Division, numbered about 15,000 men. General
Hunt, Chief of Artillery, had been informed by signal from
General Warren, located on Round Top, that these troops were
forming for an attack behind the hills. We did not have long to
wait. The advance troops of this charging column, marching
with regular quick step toward us, appeared beyond the Emmits
burg road. Kemper's Brigade of Pickett's Division held the
right of their line, and on its left was Garnett's Brigade; while
Armistead's Brigade was slightly in their rear, hurrying forward

1 Brigadier General Joseph R. Davis, a brother of Jefferson Davis,
commanded one of the Brigades in Pettigrew's Division.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 01
to take position on their left. Pickett's Division was composed
exclusively of Virginia troops.
The long line of Confederate infantry nearly a mile in
length as it came into view, presented one of the most inspiring
sights ever seen on a field of battle. There was a coolness, an
air of discipline and a precision of movement that called forth
from the Union soldiers a spontaneous expression of admiration.
Neither the enfilading nor front fire of our batteries delayed
for an instant the advance of the Confederates' decimated ranks.
Whenever and wherever a gap was made, they closed up prompt
ly and moved steadily forward. General Pickett's Division was
well on the Confederate right and in advance. Immediately
the Union batteries to the right and left of the Second Corps and
about Little Round Top opened fire. A better target was never
oflfered the Union artillerists. Into the ranks of these devoted
men were hurled shot and shell and shrapnel. The cannoneers
standing at their guns shouted to our skirmishers to hurry in as
they were going to open fire. Pickett himself did not cross
the Emmitsburg road.
As the Confederate lines approached nearer, the guns from
the batteries of the Second Corps, commanded by Woodruflf,
Arnold, Cushing, Rorty and Cowan, opened with canister upon
the ranks of these brave Confederates.
Stannard's Brigade of Doubleday's Division was located
on the left of our Division and somewhat in advance of the Divi
sion line. Two of Stannard's regiments changed front forward
on first company and opened a destructive fire on Kemper's
right flank. This caused Kemper's Brigade to crowd to the
left. Armistead's Brigade, instead of joining on the left of
Pickett's Division, now moved rapidly between Kemper and
Garnett. This brought Pickett's men opposite the angle of the
stone wall, held by a portion of Webb's Brigade. As Pickett's
Division approached this wall, it was joined on its left by the
Tennessee Brigade of Frye from Pettigrew's Division, and also
a North Carolina brigade hurried from the rear and joined
Garnett near the angle of this wall. Upon the Sixty-ninth and
Seventy-first Pennsylvania of Webb's Brigade fell the full force
of Pickett's attack. These regiments were driven back. Gar-

82

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

nett was shot dead and fell from his horse within twenty-five
paces of the stone wall and Kemper was wounded. Cushing's
guns had been advanced to the stone wall. The brave Cushing,
wounded, fires the last gun and falls dead among his gunners.
General Armistead, with his hat raised upon his sword and ac
companied by several hundered men jumped over the Union
breastworks. The exultant "Rebel yell," sounding Hke wolf
cries, is heard. The Union line was broken. For a few minutes
the Confederate flags were waving on the wall and in our lines.
It seemed for a time that Pickett's charge had been successful,
and perhaps it might have been had he been properly supported.
General Hancock, mounted on his black charger, gallops
to and fro, hurrying reinforcements to the point of the broken
Hnes, when a ball strikes him near the groin and he falls from
his saddle into the arms of some of Stannard's staff-officers.
General Gibbon, in his life-time, informed the writer that while
hurrying with the Nineteenth Maine and Twentieth Massachu
setts toward the captured angle of the wall, he fell wounded
among our troops. His brave Assistant Adjutant-General,
First Lieutenant Frank A. Haskell, was mounted during all this
engagement and was in the front line encouraging our men. He
was highly complimented for his conspicuous bravery and dar
ing in the reports of many of the general officers. Haskell was
killed at the battle of Cold Harbor the next June when Colonel
of the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin and while commanding our
Brigade in its unsuccessful assault upon the Confederate works.
The Nineteenth Maine hurried to the right and joined
the troops in front of Pickett's men. It was here that Colonel
Heath was wounded. Several regiments from our own Brigade
and that of Colonel Hall hurried to Webb's assistance, and with
out much organization, were massed, many deep, around the
hapless Confederates who had penetrated our lines. For ten
or fifteen minutes the contending forces, in some places within
rifle' length of each other and in other places hopelessly mingled,
fought with desperation. Those in front used the butt ends of
their rifles, and those in the rear of the crowd of Union soldiers
fired over the heads of those in front, and some of them hurled
stonesat the heads of the Confederates. The ground was cover-

Pickett's Charge, Gettysburg.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 83
ed with men dead, and men wounded and bleeding. In swift
succession the Confederate flags went down and the men who
had crossed the wall, despairing of success, threw up their hands
in token of surrender. General Armistead was mortally wound
ed, thirty-three yards within our lines, and Kemper was severely
wounded and taken prisoner. Many of the Confederates who
had not got within our lines started in retreat and scores of
them were shot down on their way. When the smoke and dust
lifted, it was found that the three brigades of Pickett's Division
had been nearly annihilated.
The troops of Gibbon and Hays in this fight captured
nearly thirty Confederate flags and about 4,000 prisoners.
Troops were hurried from the other corps to aid in repulsing
this attack, but it had ended before they arrived.
General Hancock urged General Meade to put into action
the troops that had not been engaged and make a counter attack
upon the enemy. There was so much confusion, however, and
for other reasons not necessary to discuss here, this advice was
not acted upon.
Colonel Hall, commanding the Third Brigade of our Divi
sion, in speaking of the repulse of Pickett's charge states,
"The Fifteenth Massachusetts, First Minnesota and Nine
teenth Maine had joined the line and are entitled to a full share
in the credit of the final repulse."
General Longstreet calls attention to the mistake of Kil
patrick at the time of Pickett's charge in not putting Farns-
worth into action farther to our left instead of pitting him
against Confederate infantry and artillery, where his life was
uselessly sacrificed. His language is, " Kilpatrick's mistake
was in not putting Farnsworth in on Merritt's left, where he
would have had an open ride and made more trouble than was
ever made by a cavalry brigade. Had the ride been followed by
prompt advance of the enemy's infantry in hne beyond our
right and pushed with vigor, they would have reached our line
of retreat."! The Confederates at this time had no cavalry upon their
right. General Lee's plan was to send Stuart's cavalry with
IFrom Manassas to Appomattox, p 396

84 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
a part of EweU's Corps during Pickett's charge around our ex
treme right flank and rear, thus accomplishing the complete
rout of the Union army if Pickett's charge was successful.
Stuart found, however, confronting him General D. McM. Gregg
with his own Division of cavalry and that of Custer's Brigade
from Kilpatrick's Division. Here occurred one of the most
closely contested cavalry engagements of the war, which resulted
in routing and driving Stuart from the field. It was here that
General Wade Hampton was wounded.
In his description of Pickett's charge. Lieutenant Frank A.
Haskell, the Assistant Adjutant-General of our Division, wrote,
"I was riding toward the right of the Second Division, with purpose
to stop there, as the most eligible position to watch the further progress
of the battle, there to be ready to take part according to my own notions
whenever and wherever occasion was presented. The conflict was
tremendous, but I had seen no wavering in all our line. Wondering
how long the" Rebel ranks, deep though they were, could stand our
sheltered volleys, I had come near my destination, when — Great
Heaven! Were my senses mad? The larger portion of Webb's Brigade
— My God, it was true — there by the group of trees and the angles of
the wall, was breaking from the cover of their works, and without
orders or reason, with no hand lifted to check them, was falling back,
a fear-stricken flock of confusion. The fate of Gettysburg hung upon
a spider's single thread * * * My sword that had always himg
idle by my side, the sign of rank only in every battle, I drew, bright and
gleaming the symbol of command. Was not that a fit occasion, and
these fugitives the men on whom to try the temper of the Solingen
steel? All rules and proprieties were forgotten; all considerations of
person and danger and safety despised; for, as I met the tide of these
rabbits, the damned red fiags of the rebellion began to thicken and
flaunt along the wall they had just deserted, and one was already wav
ing over the guns of the dead Cushing. I ordered these men to 'halt'
and 'face about' and 'fire' and they heard my voice and gathered my
meaning and obeyed my commands. On some unpatriotic backs of
those not quick of comprehension, the flat of my sabre fell not lightly,
and at its touch their love of country returned, and, with a look at me
as if I were the destroying angel as I might have become theirs, they
again faced the enemy. General Webb soon came to my assistance.
He was on foot, but he was active, and did all that one could do to re
pair the breach or to avert the calamity. * * * Webb has but
three regiments, all small, the 69th, 71st and 72nd Pa. — the 106th Pa.,
except two companies, is not here today — and he must have speedy
assistance or this crest will be lost. * * * As a last resort, I re
solved to see if Hall and Harrow could not send some of their commands
to reinforce Webb. * * General Harrow I did not see but his fight
ing men would answer my purpose as well. The 19th Maine, the ISth
Mass., the 82nd N. Y. and the shattered old thunderbolt, the 1st Minne
sota, — poor Parrel was dying then upon the ground where he had fallen,
• — all men that I could find I took over to the right at the double
"These men of Penn., on the soil of their own homesteads, the

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 85
first and only to flee the wall must be the first to storm it. 'Major
-;  , lead your men over the crest, they will follow.' 'By the tac
tics I understand my place is in the rear of the men.' 'Your pardon,
sir; I^see your place is in the rear of the men. I thought you were fit to
lead.' 'Captain  , come on with your men.' 'Let me first stop
this fire in the rear, or we shall be hit by our own men.' 'Never
mind the fire in the rear; let us take care of this in the front first."
************ "Just as the fight was over, and the first outburst of victory had
a little subsided, when all in front of the crest was noise and confusion
—prisoners being collected, small parties in pursuit of them far down
into the fields, flags waving, officers giving quick, sharp commands to
their men — I stood apart a few moments upon the crest, by that group
of trees which ought to be historic forever, a spectator of the thrilling
scene around. Some few musket shots were still heard in the Third
Division; and the enemy's guns, almost silent since the advance of his
infantry until the moment of his defeat, were dropping a few sullen
shells among friend and foe upon the crest. Rebellion fosters such
humanity. Near me, saddest sight of the many of such a field and not
in keeping with all this noise, were mingled alone the thick dead of
Maine and Minnesota, and Michigan and Massachusetts, and the Empire
and the Keystone States, who, not yet cold, with the blood still oozing
from their death-wounds, had given their lives to the country upon that
stormy field. So mingled upon that crest let their honored graves be.
Look with me about us. These dead have been avenged already.
Where the long lines of the enemy's thousands so proudly advanced
see how thick the silent men of gray are scattered. It is not an hour
since these legions were sweeping along so grandly ; now sixteen hundred
of that fiery mass are strewn among the trampled grass, dead as the
clods they load; more than seven thousand, probably eight thousand,
are wounded, some there with the dead, in our hands, some fugitive
far towards the woods, among the Generals, Pettigrew, Garnett,
Kemper and Armistead, the last three mortally, and the last one in
our hands. 'Tell General Hancock,' he said to Lieutenant Mitchell,
Hancock's aide-de-camp, to whom he handed his watch, 'that I know
I did my country a great wrong when I took up arms against her, for
which I am sorry, but for which I cannot live to atone. ' Four thousand
not wounded, are prisoners of war. * * * * *
"See how great a General looked upon the field and what he said
and did at the moment, and when he learned of his great victory. To
appreciate the incident, it should be borne in mind that one coming
up from the rear of the line, as did General Meade, could have seen
very little of our own men, who had now crossed the crest, and although
he could have heard the noise, he could not have told its occasion, or
by whom made, until he had actually attained the crest. One who
did not know results, so coming, would have been quite as likely to
have supposed that our line there had been carried and captured by
the enemy — so many gray Rebels were on the crest — as to have dis
covered the real truth. Such a mistake was really made by one of
our officers, as I shall relate:
"General Meade rode up, accompanied alone by his son, who is his
Aide-de-camp, an escort, if select, not large for a commander of such an
army. The principal horseman was no bedizened hero of some holiday
review, but he was a plain man, dressed in a serviceable summer suit
of dark blue cloth, without badge or ornament, save the shoulder-straps
of his grade, and a light, straight sword of a General or general staff
officer. He wore heavy, high-top boots and buff gauntlets, and his

86 THE NINETEENTH M INE REGIMENT
soft black felt hat was slouched down over his eyes. His face was
very white, not pale, and the lines were marked and earnest and full
of care. As he arrived near me, coming up the hill, he asked in a
sharp, eager voice; 'How is it going here?' 'I believe, General, the
enemy's attack is repulsed,' I answered. Still approaching, and a new
light began to come in his face, of gratified surprise, with a touch of in
credulity, of which his voice was also the medium, he further asked :
'What! Is the assault already repulsed?' his voice quicker and more
eager than before. 'It is. Sir,' I replied. By this time he was on the
crest, and when his eye had for an instant swept over the field, taking
in just a glance of the whole, — the masses of prisoners, the numerous
captured flags which the men were derisively flaunting about, the fugi
tives of the routed enemy, disappearing with the speed of terror in the
woods — ^partly at what I had told him, partly at what he saw, he said
impressively, and his face lighted : 'Thank God.' "
There were more men killed and wounded in the Second
Corps at Gettysburg than any other corps in the army. The
losses in the Regiment were somewhat greater on the 2nd of
July than on the 3rd.
Casualties in the Regiment at the Battle of Gettysburg
Colonel Francis E. Heath, wounded, shoulder, July 3rd. Major James W. Welch,
wounded, scalp. Sergeant-Major George A. Wadsworth, wounded, head.
COMPANY A.
Corporal Abner Baker, wounded, breast; died August 6th, Summit House Hospital,
Philadelphia. Corporal Payson T. Heald, wounded, arm; died Aug. 5, '63, Summit
House Hospital, Phila. Charles W. Collins, killed July 2nd.
Sergeant Charles H. Colburn, wounded, leg, July 3rd. Corporal Gardiner W. Bige
low, wounded, arm, July 2nd. William F. Buker, wounded, hands. Benjamin F.
Charles, wounded, leg, July 3rd. John P. Church, wounded, arm. Andrew Kennisoo,
wounded July 2nd, leg amputated. Samuel Leavitt, wounded, shoulder, July 3rd.
William B. Murphy, wounded, leg, July 3rd. Louis Vigne, wounded July Srd.
COMPANY B.
Second Lieutenant Leroy S. Scott, wounded July 2nd; died July 13th. Sergeant
Edwin A. Howes, killed. Ira Z. Bennett, (Battery) killed, July 2nd. Frank Coffin,
wounded, thigh, July 3rd; died July 14th. Job P. Flagg, wounded, breast; died Dee.
2nd, York, Pa. Eli Noyes, missing, July 3rd; probably killed.
First Lieutenant Elisha W. Ellis, wounded, side. Sergeant Bejamin S. Crooker,
wounded bead. Corporal William Briggs, wounded, ankle. Corporal Alvin H. Ellis,
wounded, thigh. Corporal Abial Turner, wounded, side, July 2. George F. Chapman,
wounded, arm and side. Orson E. Crummett, wounded, head. Watson Curtis, wounded,
hand. WiUiam H. Curtis, wounded, side. Willard R. Hardy, wounded, both hands.
Isaac Hills, wounded, thigh. William Hubbard, wounded, head. Moses Larrabee Jr.
wounded. Marshall II. Rand, wounded. Mark L. Whitney, wounded, leg, July 2nd.
COMPANY C.
Sergeant Alexander W. Lord, killed. Corporal Christopher Erskine, mortally
wounded July 3rd: died July Sth. Corporal Gustavus L. Thompson, killed. Fred
erick S. Call, mortally wounded; died Aug. 25th. Abijah Crosby, wounded July 3rd:
died July Sth. George E. Hodgdon, wounded July 2nd; died Aug. 24th. Elbridge
P. Pratt, killed. Joseph P. Woodward, killed.
Second Lieutenant Francis H. Foss, wounded, neck. Sergeant George Dunbar,
wounded, elbow. Sergeant William H. Emery, wounded, head. Sergeant Henry W.
Nye, wounded, head and shoulder. Corporal Lindley H. Whittaker, wounded. John B.
Adams, wounded, hip and shoulder. James L. Blethen, wounded, head and arm. Henry
Emery, wounded, foot. Lorenzo D. Oilman, wounded, knee. Joseph E. Haskell,
wounded, leg. Charles W. Jones, wounded, head. Jonathan Lewis, wounded^lbow .
Sullivan A. Maxim, wounded, leg. Johnson Shaw, wounded, foot; amputated. William
Spaulding, wounded, arm. Reuben R. Webb, wounded, thigh. ,^^

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 87
COMPANY D.
Corporal Robert T. Newell, mortally wounded; died July 9th. Corporal Jesse
A. Wilson, mortally wounded, died July 3rd, Corporal Alfred P. Waterman, wounded
July 2nd; died July 4th. Alden Cunningham, killed, Roswell Haire, mortally wound
ed; died July 4. Louira Kelley, killed. John Merriam. mortally wounded, died Aug.
25th. James Robbins, killed July 3rd. Hushai C. Thomas, mortally wounded, died
July 21st.
First Lieutenant Edward R. Cunningham, wounded, breast. Sergeant George L,
Starkey, wounded July 2nd; leg amputated. Corporal Francis C. Wood, wounded, arm.
James C. Brown, wounded, leg. Henry D. Byard, wounded, leg, July 2nd. Charles H.
Clements, wounded, July 2nd. Horace Dean, wounded. Charles R. Hamilton, wound
ed, arm and fa^e. Henry H. Hartshorn, wounded July 3rd. Lorenzo W. HofTses,
wounded, legs. Benjamin O. Lear, wounded, arm, July 2nd. James Lenf est, wounded,
leg, July 3rd. Charles A. Murch, wounded, leg. George F, Tufts, wounded, arm and leg.
COMPANY E.
Sergeant Enoch C. Dow, killed, Corporal Nahum Downs, wounded, leg; died July
18th. Charles E. Harriman, mortally wounded, died July 10th. William H. Low,
killed. Ruel Nickerson, mortally wounded, died July 18th.
First Sergeant James H. Pierce, wounded, side. Corporal Collins McCarty Jr.
wounded, arm; amputated. Corporal Frank A. Patterson, wounded, leg. John R.
Atwood, wounded, leg. William J. Colson, wounded, leg. Joseph G. Cookson, wounded,
hand. Leonard Dearborn, wounded, hand. John F. Keene, wounded, arm. James S.
Moore, wounded. Fred A. Nickerson, wounded, hand. John E. Nickerson, wounded,
leg. Edward B. Sheldon, wounded, arm; amputated. Fred L. Waterhouse, wounded,
leg. COMPANY F.
First Sergeant Thomas P: Rideout, mortally wounded, July Srd; died July 18th.
William H. Shorey, mortally wounded, July 2nd; died July 4th.
Captain Isaac W. Starbird, wounded, July 3rd. First Lieutenant Charles E. Nash,
wounded, leg, July 3rd. Second Lieutenant Edwin H. Rich, wounded, arm, July 3rd.
Lauriston Chamberlain (musician), wounded, back. Edwin L. Dunnell, wounded. Al
fred Grover, wounded, thigh. Calvin B. Keen, wounded. William S. Small, wounded,
arm. John D. Smith, flesh wound, leg, July 3rd, Joseph A. Tobey, wounded, face.
George O. White, wounded, shoulder. COMPANY G.
Sergeant Albert N. Williams, mortally wounded; died July 3rd. Corporal George
L. Perkins, killed July 2nd. Corporal George W. Andrews, wounded and missing,
July 2nd, supposed to have died. Charles J. Carroll, wounded July 3rd, died July 7th.
Elias Tyler, wounded July 2nd, died July 14th.
Second Lieutenant Henry Sewall, wounded, face. Sergeant Edward H. Hicks,
wounded, arm and groin. Corporal Steohen P. McKenney, wounded, hands. George A.
Hussey, wounded, nip, William H. Jackman, wounded, side. Amos Jones, wounded,
arm. Hampton W. Leighton, wounded, arm. Isaac Moody, wounded. Winthrop
Murray, wounded, head. William B. Small, wounded, shoulder. Orrin P. Smart,
wounded, breast. COMPANY H.
First Sergeant John F. Stackpole, killed. Sergeant Jesse A. Dorman, mortally
wounded, died July 6th. Sergeant George E. Webber, mortally wounded, died July
7th. Corporal Hollis F. Arnold, killed. Corporal Samuel C. Brookings, killed. Cor
poral George H. Willey, killed. John H. Estes, wounded leg; missing, supposed to have
died. William Taylor, killed. James Wyman, killed.
Captain Willard Lincoln, wounded, head. First Lieutenant Albert Hunter, wound
ed, throat, July 2nd. Sergeant Charles P. Garland, wounded, leg. Sergeant James T.
Waldron, wounded, thigh. Corporal Francis P. Furber, wounded, mouth. Daniel B.
Abbott, wounded, side and arm. Rinaldo A. Carr, wounded, thigh. Joseph Coro,
wounded, arm and side. Martin V. B. Dodge, wounded, arm and side. Redford M.
Estes, wounded, leg. William F. Gerald, wounded, thigh. Drew Goodridge, wounded,
leg. Charles L. Hamlen, wounded, leg. Josephus James, wounded, right leg; amputated.
William Leonard, wounded, leg. Charles H. Libby, wounded, leg. Reuben D. Martin,
wounded, hip, Luke T. Richardson, wounded, side. Augustus Washburn, wounded,
right arm; amputated. George E. Wheeler, wounded, legs. William F. Wood, wounded,
leg. Benjamin Young, wounded, neck. COMPANY I.
Captain George D. Smith, mortally wounded, July 2nd; died at 1 a. m. July 3rd.
Sergeant William E. Barrows, killed. Sergeant Chandler F. Perry, killed. Corporal

oo THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Orrin T. Conway, mortally wounded, leg; died Sept. 1st, at Baltimore. John F. Carey,
killed. Francis W. Rhoades, killed. George S. Turner, mortally wounded; died July
19th. Joseph W. Wilson, killed.
Corporal George W. Barter, wounded. Corporal George E. Holmes, wounded,
head. Corporal Daniel G. Lamb, wounded. Corporal Rufus Shibbles Jr. wounded,
hand. Corporal John Vinal, wounded, hand. Gorham L. Black, wounded. Hiram
Clapp, wounded. Luther Clark, wounded. Adrian C. Dodge, wounded, cheek. Alden
W. Dyer, wounded, shoulder. Edwin S. Jacobs, wounded, head. Thomas Little,
wounded, leg. Joseph G. Maddox, wounded, arm. James P. Mills, wounded, leg.
Joseph H. Norton, wounded. Amos B. Oxton, wounded, hand.
COMPANY K.
Sergeant William Boyton Jr. killed. Sergeant George L. Grant, wounded July 3rd;
died November Sth. George P. Fogler, killed. Nelson Francis, killed. James T.
Heal, mortally wounded; died July Sth. James H. Lewis, killed. Charles M. Lowe,
killed. Charles E. McAvoy, killed. Oliver P. Nichols, killed. Loring C. Oliver,
mortally wounded; died July 20th. Samuel B. Shea, mortally wounded; died July 20th,
Henry N. Williams, mortally wounded, died July 18th.
Second Lieutenant Samuel E. Bucknam, wounded, leg. Corporal Warren Proctor,
wounded, groin. Corporal Weld Sargent, wounded, arm. Corporal Stephen P. Trafton.
wounded, leg. Richard M. Blaisdell, wounded, leg. Edwin Blake, wounded, hand.
Ezekiel L. Dunton, wounded, leg. Alvah Jellison, wounded, thigh. George A. Kimball,
wounded, foot. David C. Lombard, wounded, arm, amputated. 'Calvin E. Marr,
wounded, foot, William McKenney, wounded, breast. Isaac W. Mitchell, wounded,
hand. Jesse Mitchell, wounded, shoulder. Simmons A. Mitchell, wounded, back.
Addison Sawyer, wounded, hand. Thomas E. Scott, wounded, leg; amputated. Gil-
man N. Varell, wounded, legs. Lorenzo Webster, wounded.

RECAPITULATION
Killed and mortally wounded  -....  67
Wounded, not fatally  149
Total loss  — -  216
' I It was not believed that all the members of the Regiment
who were wounded during the battle would recover from their
wounds. Among these were Captain George D. Smith, who
was wounded on the afternoon of July 2nd. He lingered until
one o'clock the next morning, when he died. In the same class
with Captain Smith were Corporal Christopher Erskine, Com
pany C, Corporal Jesse A. Wilson, Corporal Alfred B. Waterman
and Private Roswell Haire, Company D; Private William H.
Shorey, Company F, and Sergeant Jesse A. Dorman, Company
H. Reports brought back from the hospital indicated that
these men would probably die as a result of their wounds. It
was believed, however, that the following named boys stood
some chance for recovery: Corporals Payson T. Heald and
Abner Baker, Company A; Privates Frank Coffin and Joo P.
Flagg, Company B; Privates Frederick S. Call, Abijah Crosby
and George E. Hodgdon, Company C; Lieutenant Leroy S. Scott.

\^,«««-5K=«**«

From''MAINE AT GETTYSBURG."

Regimental Monument, Gettysburg.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 89
Corporal Robert T. Newell and Privates John Merriam and
Hushai C. Thomas, Company D; Corporal Nahum Downs and
Privates Charles E. Harriman and Ruel Nickerson, of Company
E; First Sergeant Thomas T. Rideout, Company F; Privates
Charles J. Carroll and Elias Tyler, Company G; Sergeant
George E. Webber, Company H; Corporal Orrin T. Conway,
and Private George S. Turner, Company I; and Sergeant
George L. Grant and Privates Loring C. Oliver, Henry N.
Williams and Samuel B. Shea, Company K. But all these
men died sometime after the battle and their deaths were
caused by wounds received in battle. It was supposed that
Eli Noyes, of Company B, Corporal George W. Andrews,
Company G, and John H. Estes, Company H, were killed in the
charge with the Regiment made in the late afternoon of July
2nd, as they were never seen by the members of the Regi
ment after that time.
Of the boys who were wounded at Gettysburg and after
recovery returned to the Regiment, many of them were wounded
again, some were taken prisoners and still others killed or
mortally wounded in battle. William B. Murphy, Company A,
was killed in the Wilderness. Orson E. Crummett, Company
B, was mortally wounded at Spottsylvania. George F. Tufts,
Company D, was killed in the Wilderness. Wilham J. Colson
and Fred A. Nickerson, Company E, were killed at Spottsyl
vania, and John E. Nickerson, of the same company, was killed
in the Wilderness. Martin V. B. Dodge and Luke T. Richard
son, Company H, were killed at Spottsylvania, and William F.
Wood, also of Company H, was killed in the Wilderness. Cor
poral George E. Holmes, of Company 1, and Weld Sargeant,
Company K, were both mortally wounded at Spottsylvania.
The Second Corps collected upon the battlefield of Gettys
burg 6,000 stand of small arms. Notwithstanding the fierceness
of the battle and the ferocity of the Confederate charges, the
Second Army Corps never lost a gun.
Early on the morning of July 4th, General Lee proposed
to General Meade, through a flag of truce, an exchange of pris
oners captured by the two armies. General Meade promptly
replied that it was not in his power to accede to Lee's proposaj.

90 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
TOTAL CASUALTIES OF THE BATTLE
Killed and Missing Total
wounded Loss
Union  17,555 5,435 22,990
Confederates.. (as reported) 15,298 5,150 20,448
The Confederate reports are known to have been grossly
inaccurate in many particulars. There were 12,227 wounded
and unwounded Confederates captured, according to the list
on file in the office of the Adjutant-General in Washington,
where the names of prisoners and the organization to which
they belonged, are recorded. That record should be relied
upon rather than the imperfect estimates made by the Con
federate officers. The Confederate loss must have been about
30,000. Sergeant Samuel Smith, of Company F, in describing the
wounding of the Orderly Sergeant of that Company, writes:
"No better soldier nor one more highly esteemed by his comrades
ever lived in the State of Maine than First Sergeant Thomas T. Ride
out, of Company F. While we were making the flank movement to
the right at the time of Pickett's charge, he fell by my side. When
he fell, I stopped and asked him where he was hit. His reply was
'I am hit in the back.' He was lying in a very exposed position and
I laid down my gun and took hold of his shoulders and dragged him
about one rod and behind a large boulder, which would shield him
somewhat from further danger from bullets which were singing about
there pretty lively at the time. I then picked up my own gun and
rejoined the Company. Sergeant Rideout was taken later to the
field hospital, where I visited him after the battle. There I found him
shot through the lungs, the bullet lodging in his shoulder, where he
first felt it and thought he was hit in the back. He was cheerful at the
time and fully expected to recover and live to go home. When I saw
the Surgeon in charge of the hospital, he informed me that Rideout
could not live. I afterward learned that he died about fifteen days
after he was wounded."
When General Hancock was wounded in the afternoon of
July 3rd, he immediately sent for the gallant General Caldwell
and turned over to that officer the command of the Second
Corps. General Gibbon had been wounded and General Cald
well was then the ranking officer in the Corps. He had done
great work in the Wheat Field on the day before, to minimize
the evil effects of Sickles' false line out on the Emmitsburg
road. Two of his Brigade commanders, Zook and Cross, had
been killed, and the awful record of the losses in his Division

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 9 1
show how well Caldwell's men did their work. But alas, he
had not been educated at West Point! With "irascibility and
pigheadedness" so characteristic of him, Meade would not per
mit General Caldwell to assume honors so richly deserved.
He appointed General William Hays to command the Corps,
and Hays retained the command a little over a month, when
he was succeeded by General Warren. Hays had never com
manded more than a brigade, and that was at Chancellorsville.
He had generally been connected with the artillery branch of
the service. There was no reason, apparent to anybody,
except Meade's dislikes and prejudices, why Hays should have
been thus honored. On one other occasion Meade had the
opportunity of boosting Hays into prominence, when in Feb
ruary, '6^, Gibbon was promoted to the command of the
Twenty-fourth Army Corps. He then crowded Hays into the
command of our Division for a couple of months.
On July 4th there was occasionally skirmish firing and
reconnoitering in different directions. The enemy had with
drawn from the right of our position and our boys were occupy
ing Gettysburg. An order was issued late in the day for a
detail to be made from all of the regiments for the purpose of
collecting the arms and burying the Confederate dead in the
vicinity of our lines. All day during the 4th, information was
frequently conveyed from the signal station to army head
quarters that the enemy were retiring. On the night of the
4th, Hill's Corps started for Hagerstown, via Fairfield and
Waynesborough, followed by Longstreet's Corps. EweU's
Corps did not take up its march until near noon on the 5th,
although his troops were withdrawn several miles from their
former line of battle. Ewell followed Longstreet and en
camped the night of the 5th about a mile west of Fairfield.
Late in the afternoon of the 4th, the Confederate wagon-trains
and ambulances, filled with wounded, started south, going
mostly by the Cashtown road, but some by the Fairfield route
through the mountains, toward Hagerstown. Our cavalry
struck one of these wagon-trains about half way between Fair
field and Waynesborough at a place called Monterey Pass, de
stroying many wagons and capturing a number of prisoners.

92 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
It was evident that General Meade did not intend to pur
sue very vigorously or attack the enemy if he could avoid it.
On the 5th of July, Sedgwick had been ordered out on a recon
noissance and was vigorously following up the Confederate
column. He shelled their rear guard and captured some prison
ers. Some time during the day of the 5th, General Meade,
through General Butterfield, his Chief-of-Staif, sent an order
to Sedgwick, containing the following language: "General
Birney reports a column of infantry moving to his left and asks
permission to fire upon it with artillery. This has been denied,
he having gone out about two miles beyond the line of rifle
pits occupied by the enemy yesterday. It is not the intention
of the General to bring on an engagement, and therefore he
does not understand your application for your ordnance train
to be sent you. The orders for a reconoissance were with a
view to ascertain the position and movement of the enemy,
not for battle." Yet early in the morning of the 5th Meade had
been informed by his signal officers that there were no indica
tions of the enemy anywhere, except a small force on the Cash-
town road. It would seem as though a splendid opportunity
was presented to the commander of the army to attack the
enemy on July 4th and again on the morning of July 5th, when
he would have found only Ewell to fight. It was such an
opportunity as would have been improved by Sheridan or
Hancock. New York sent about twenty regiments of its National
Guards and Pennsylvania nearly forty regiments of emergency
men and militia to aid the Army of the Potomac in repelling
Lee's invasion. The most of these regiments went to Harris
burg and down on the west side of-the mountains. They had
no more influence on the campaign than did Heintzelman's
40,000 sclJiers in and around the defenses of Washington. The
reports of the officers of these emergency troops furnish enter
taining reading. There were Brigadier-Generals and Aids-de
camp, sufficient to supply the whole army. A requisition hav
ing been made on one of the regiments at Harrisburg for a
detail of seventy-five men for chopping wood and constructing
intrenchments, the Colonel refused to furnish the men, giving

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 93
as a reason that "they had been broken of their rest for two
nights." The Colonel of a Pennsylvania organization informs
his superior officer that because of illness he was compelled to
stop at a house by the wayside, accompanied by his "servants."
One officer reports the hardship of his regiment in being com
pelled, on a July night, to ride "in open cars exposed to the night
air !" To cap the climax, the Colonel of the aristocratic Seventh
New York State National Guards, complains that his men
"had not changed their underclothing for a period of eleven
days." Surely such hardships and sacrifices as these ought to
be remembered by a grateful country!
Early on the morning of July 5th, the Nineteenth Maine
with other regiments began the work of collecting arms and
accoutrements, scattered over the field and burying the Con
federate dead, on that part of the battlefield in our immediate
front. Ditches were dug from fifteen to twenty feet long, six
feet wide and from four to six feet deep. The hapless Con
federates were dragged to these ditches, into which they were
piled one upon another, until the bodies nearly filled the ditches.
Then they would be covered over with dirt, heaped up on top.
Some of the bodies having lain upon the ground since the 2nd
of the month, exposed to the hot rays of a July sun, were badly
decomposed, and the stench from the battlefield was something
fearful. The bodies of Union soldiers were buried in separ
ate graves and each grave marked with the name and organ
ization to which the soldier belodged. When that informa
tion could not be obtained, the grave was marked with that
distressing word, "Unknown." Visitors from different cities
were crowding in and wandering over different parts of the
battlefield. About five o'clock in the afternoon our Regiment
started and marched about six miles on the Baltimore turnpike
and went into camp at a place called Two Taverns. Here we
drew rations, washed up and rested over July 6th. On the 7th
we marched to Taneytown, where we bivouacked that night.
The march of July 8th, carried the Regiment through Woods-
boro to within five miles of Frederick City. It rained all day
and was an extremely hard march. The distance covered was
about twenty miles.

94 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
While on the march from Gettsyburg to Frederick, we
received the news of the capture of Vicksburg. This was the
occasion of much jubilation on the part of the boys of the Regi
ment. On July 9th the Regiment marched from the vicinity
of Frederick to Rohrersville, a distance of some twenty miles.
When we had reached a point a little west of Frederick, we saw
on the north side of the road the body of a Confederate spy
hanging to the limb of a tree. This man had been captured by
some of our troops in advance of us with evidences of his guilt
upon his person, and he was immediately strung up without
much ceremony. It was a ghastly sight. On July loth we
marched across Antietam creek north of Sharpsburg, some
twelve or fourteen miles, to near Tilghmanton. Here we built
a line of breastworks. On the i ith of July we moved north a
few miles and formed in line of Battle with the Fifth Corps on
our right and the Twelfth on our left. We were now near
Jones' cross-roads. Here the road from Williamsport crossed
the Sharpsburg turnpike. This was a beautiful country. The
Regiment stacked arms and rested at this place until about
twelve o'clock at night. We were then ordered into line and
marched north about three miles toward Hagerstown. No one
seemed to know how far we were going. The column came to
a halt without orders. The men began to drop in the road just
where they stood and soon every man was asleep. The writer
recalls awaking at early dawn and as far as he could see north
and south the road was full of sleeping men. He went to a
nearby farmhouse, procured a quart of milk and had a sump
tuous breakfast, consisting of hard bread and milk. Soon after
sunrise the Regiment with the Corps marched back south a
short distance and built a strong line of works. We remained
here all this day and the next, expecting to be ordered forward
to attack the enemy. On the night of the 13th General Lee
managed to escape and recross the Potomac. Our Regiment
with the Corps then marched across Marsh creek, which ran
midway between the two lines of battle, across the Confederate
works, now deserted, through Downsville and nearly to Falling
Waters on the Potomac. The bulk of Lee's army crossed the
river at Falling Waters and a small portion of their rear guard

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 95
was captured by our cavalry under Buford, Kilpatrick and
Custer. General Merritt got up in time to take the advance
before the enemy had entirely crossed and captured more
prisoners. The enemy's bridge was protected by cannon well
located on the Virginia side and sharpshooters along the south
ern bank of the Potomac. As our troops neared the bridge,
the enemy cut the Maryland side loose, and the bridge swung to
the Virginia side. This ended the Gettysburg campaign.
On the next day the Regiment marched through Downs
ville and Sharpsburg, by the Antietam Iron Works and then
took the towpath of the canal. This made fine marching the
balance of the day. We covered twenty miles and bivouacked
within two miles of Harper's Ferry. The next day we proceeded
a short distance below Harper's Ferry to Sandy Hook on the
Potomac and went into camp. The scenery on this day's
march was grand.
Sergeant Silas Adams makes the following comment on
our failure to attack Lee's army after the battle of Gettsburg: —
"It will be noticed that our army did not follow the Rebel army
from Gettysburg. I do not know why, unless General Meade enter
tained fears of overtaking it. So we went around, taking a circuitous
route and travelling nearly double the distance necessary to reach
Falling Waters. We came to the vicinity of Antietam on the 10th of
July. It was here for three days that the manoeuvres of the Potomac
Army were inexplicable to a man untutored in military science. We
formed line of battle; we reconnoitred; we built breastworks and
covered them with shocks of wheat. We puzzled over the matter
and inquired what we were waiting there for. At the end of three days
we fovmd out, when Lee's army was safely lodged on the south side of
the Potomac. We had been playing and threatening fight until the
Rebs got away. To say that the army was mad and disgusted is
putting it very mildly. We felt that through incompetency on our
side, Lee had been permitted to escape. Every man then knew that
we must travel over the old ground again and that our great victory
at Gettysburg was in a great measure lost. So far since the organiza
tion of the Army of the Potomac, incompetency had been one of
the most conspicuous features in its management. The ten days im
mediately following Gettysburg did not vary the custom."
Some think President Lincoln's summing up of the situ
ation and his conservative criticism of General Meade as fair as
anything that has been said or written. His statement is con
tained in a letter prepared for but never sent to General Meade

96

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

upon the very day when the Confederate army made its escape
into Virginia. It is as follows: —
"I have just seen your dispatch to General Halleck asking to be
relieved of your command because of a formal censure of mine. I am
very, very grateful to you for the magnificent success you gave the cause
of the country at Gettsburg; and I am sorry now to be the author of
the slightest pain to you. But I was in such deep distress myself that
I could not restrain some expression of it. I have been oppressed
nearly ever since the battle at Gettysburg, by what appeared to be
evidences that yourself and General Couch and General Smith were not
seeking a collision with the enemy, but were trying to get him across
the river without another battle. What these evidences were, if you
please, I hope to tell you at some time when we shall both feel better.
"The case, summarily stated; is this : you fought and beat the enemy
at Gettysburg, and, of course, to say the least, his loss was as great as
yours. He retreated, and you did not, as it seemed to me, pressingly
pursue him; but a flood of the river detained him, till by slow degrees
you were again upon him. You had at least twenty thousand veteran
troops directly with you, and as many more raw ones within supporting
distance, all in addition to those who fought with you at Gettysburg,
while it was not possible that he had received a single recruit ; and yet
you stood and let the flood run down, bridges be built, and the enemy
move away at his leisure without attacking him. And Couch and
Smith — the latter left Carlisle in time, upon all ordinary calculations
to have aided you in the last battle of Gettysburg, but he did not
arrive. At the end of more than ten days, I believe twelve, under
constant urging, he reached Hagerstown from Carlisle, which is not an
inch over fifty-five miles, if so much, and Couch's movement was very
little different.
"Again, my dear General, I do not believe you appreciate the
magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee's escape. He was within
your easy grasp, and to have closed upon him would, in connection
with our other late successes, have ended the war. As it is, the war
will be prolonged indefinitely. If you could not safely attack Lee last
Monday, how can you possibly do so south of the river, when you can
take with you very few more than two-thirds of the force you then had
in hand? It would be unreasonable to expect, and I do not expect
(that) you can now effect much. Your golden opportunity is gone, and
I am immeasurably distressed because of it. I beg you will not con
sider this as a prosecution or persecution of yourself. As you have
learned that I was dissatisfied I thought it best to kindly tell you why."
The following letter from Captain Charles E. Nash was
written from Warrenton Junction, July 29th, 1863.
"After participating in all the vicissitudes of the Burnside and
Hooker campaigns, we took the 'back track' and proceeded toward
the north star as far as Gettysburg, reaching this place just as the
marauding Confederates were emerging from the mountains. * *
"We knew a great battle was to take place here, and felt hope
ful that victory would be ours. The whole army was present, and
therefore co-operation (a lack of which has defeated us too many
times) would take place. No jars, no mismanagement so perceptible
to even ordinary digits in the preliminaries of former battles, could be

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 97
seen or felt. I will state, by the way, that men wearing "stars" on
their shoulders, are not always celestial beings, and that there has been
a time when a battle line could be formed out of very poor generals.
That quality, however, is rapidly disppearing from the field, to be
known in the future only as they display their gay and costly equip
ages on civic holiday occasions.
"The fight of Wednesday was not a general one. The main army
had not arrived. Wednesday night the Second Corps bivouacked two
miles from the field, — the others were near by. iThursday morning
at daybreak all hands "fell in," after partaking of a short ration of
hard bread and pork and moved slowly and solemnly to the border of
the future battlefield. The Second is called a "fighting Corps," and
has left on battlefields more men than its ranks now contain, Ijut all
conscious of the terrible ordeal marked out for the day. It moves
firmly and resolutely. All was silence in the early morning save the
confused tramping of feet, and the rumbling of long trains of ambul-
lances in the distance, as they uncoiled from their posts and moved
along with the column. The thought that some of our number would
occupy them, mangled and bleeding, before night, could not be re
pressed. The certainty was too apparent. And many of our number
were never to behold another day. 'Who would it be, was the natural
reflection. The summer morning, so peaceful and beautiful, would
soon be marred by the wild commotion of battle, and the little birds
in the trees by the roadside, singing tiny melodies, would soon be
frightened away, when streaming shells and shrieks of wounded and
dying come borne through the air. At last we halt by the center of
the line of battle. The fences and walls are tom down, the better
to facilitate the rapid movements of the troops when called for. Soon
the troops return to their stacks of arms, and rest a little, for their
recent march of 200 miles does not leave them in a very nimble state.
Their faces are pale and haggard, their clothing is worn and covered
with mud, but a quiet self possession and determination possessed
every man. Across the narrow field, not a mile distant, stand the re
solute legions of Lee, flushed with their success on the previous day.
'Every man be sure that his cartridges are all right' is passed through
the ranks by the officers, and all heed the caution. Soon one of
Howard's batteries begin to shell the Rebel lines, but receive no res
ponse. For a long time nothing could be got out of them, — not even
the monosyllable of a shot, — and doubts began to arise about their
willingness to fight us at all. The men began to build little fires and
make themselves coffee, officers were lounging in groups, and an air of
security and indifference seemed to pervade the hour. Suddenly —
boom boom boom — ^with shrieking shells, and their whistling, buz
zing fragments filled the air, as a Rebel battery opened on us. Thick
volumes of smoke indicate clearly their well chosen position. 'Lie
down, men' is the command, which is very readily obeyed. The
shells come thick and fast, — some high in the air, some bounding
along the ground, some far to the right, — some as far to the left, — and
bursting, scattering their deadly fragments in every direction. 'Look
out! Look out!' and down dodged several thousand heads to escape
some ball, bouncing along the ground, which some one has seen, and
therefore makes the precautionary exclamation. But the deadly
missile has no good message ; forward it plows, through the ranks, cut
ting several in twain, breaking limbs and mangling many more.
Hundreds witness the sad sight, and soon the slightly wounded hobble
to the rear and the dead are removed tenderly to a short distance out
of the way. Hospitals were here established, opposite each regiment.

98

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

by displaying a little scarlet flag. The surgeons with their implements
are in readiness. The men are ready to seize their arms and jump
into line in an instant. The horses have been sent to the rear. Sharp
volleys of musketry resound on both sides. The Third and First
Corps are on our left and right, respectively, and in the course of an
hour the musketry and artillery are hard at it. The long, unceasing
rattle of musketry, like the treble of a musical instrument, seems to
be supported by the hoarse heavy bass of artillery. 'Twas thus for
upwards of two hours, at which time Gen. Hancock rode along the line,
wearing a troubled face. We had been silent spectators all day. The
Second Corps, but few in number, had been held as reserve, but had
suffered considerable from shells and shot. Gen. Hancock had ex
clusive charge of the First, Second and Third Corps, Gen. Meade having
bestowed that honor and responsibility upon him. 'Into line. Col.
Into line!' was the command of Col. Ward, our Brigade commander,
and in an instant the Brigade was on its feet, ready to do or die.
The Nineteenth Maine was placed beside a battery, to support it, and
to hold its portion of the line, as the Third Corps had been driven back
across the field, and was retiring in haste. The enemy was com
pletely frantic with victory, and advanced impetuously. 'Commence
firing ' was the command, when they were seventy yards distant,
and almost instantly a deadly sheet of fire was poured into them.
Through the thick smoke we could dimly see them advancing, but
slowly and hesitatingly, for in the space of five minutes their strong
line had melted away, and there were only a few daring spirits left
to encounter. Our fire had been deadly; every shot had apparently
done its duty. And when, with bayonets fixed, the command 'For
ward,' was given, onward dashed all that was left of the Nineteenth,
while cheer upon cheer rose far above the din of musketry and artillery.
The enemy scampered in every direction, many throwing up their hands
as a token of surrender, and others hiding behind rocks and bushes to
escape the fury of the charge, and afterwards coming into our lines.
Only a few ever reached their own lines.
"The victory of the day was decisive. The First Brigade of the
'Iron Division' was the first to see the backs of the enemy, and the
Nineteenth was the first Regiment to occupy and gain full possession
of the field. It assisted in the recapture of two pieces of artillery
which the enemy were too panic-stricken to take away, besides send
ing many prisoners to the rear. But sad was the spectacle around us.
The dead and dying covered the ground; and the wild cries for help.the
beseeching exclamations, the dismal groans, and broken prayers,
mingled with the dying echoes of thunder in that ever memorable
twilight. Presently it was dark, and we returned from the field,
picking the way so as to avoid tramping upon the wounded and dead.
The repulse of the enemy had been complete, but it was certain they
would renew the contest in the morning. The wounded were removed
as rapidly as possible. A few of the dead were buried, but chiefly pre
parations were being made for the morrow. Fresh supplies of ammunition
were distributed to the batteries, and sixty rounds were furnished to
each soldier. Dead horses and broken caissons were removed, and
every preparation was made to receive an attack at daylight. Soon
all was quiet, and the silence was broken only by the shrieks and cries,
borne through the smoky atmosphere, and ever and anon a stray
picket-shot. The weary men at last slept soundly, forgetful of the
terrible scenes of the day, and the ungathered harvest of death strewn
around them. Morning dawned upon a heart-sickening scene, as
the first faint streaks slanted from the east. Generals accompanied

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 99
by their escorts could be seen riding along the line, perfecting the pro
gram for the day. The men awoke, refreshed from the few hours
rest, fully conscious of another day's struggle with the marauding foe.
Rations had given out, and they must fight on empty stomachs.
Three or four companies of the Nineteenth were advanced as skirmish
ers, and mine was among the number. The men were deployed, and
quietly, stealthily, the line advanced, in the face and eyes of Rebel
^arpshooters, who forwarded their compliments without stint. The
Une was too small to deserve many shells, or it would have received
them. Our position was in an open field, with no shelter in the front
and none above to shield from the burning rays of the sun. The men
lay flat on the ground, and presented as small a target as possible. In
this position they remained ten hours, suffering severely from thirst and
heat. If any poor wight happened to elevate his head, he was sure to
receive attention. At times during the day, our boys, by way of
diversion, would pop away in return, but the enemy was too well
shielded to receive much harm.
"Early in the afternoon, two pieces of Rebel artillery gave the
signal. Almost instantly, shot and shell from two hundred pieces
of artillery went screaming over our heads. Our own batteries im
mediately replied, and for two hours were hurled those masses of de
struction and death. All passed over our heads, as we were in a place
of comparative security, and only the premature explosion of a shell
from either side was the source of much danger, save now and then a
ricochet shot from the enemy would plow along the ground, scattering
the earth upon us. Only a few were hurt. By and by came relief.
It requires less nerve to face the enemy man to man, in open field, than
to lie down supinely while he hurls his missiles. There may be less
danger in the latter process, but the testimony of all gives preference
to the former. The enemy was advancing, and I assure you it was a
relief at that particular time, as ten hours prostration on the ground,
side by side with hundreds of the enemy's dead, in the scorching sun,
cannot be termed an agreeable situation, to say nothing about the
suspense which accompanies a battle of long duration. The enemy
advanced in solid column against the frail line of the Second Corps,
which occupied the center of the whole line, and at a point near the
Baltimore turnpike; a point which, if they could obtain, would insure
them victory. On they came, heedless of the few skirmishers who
stood before them, the only alternative of whom was to retire or be
annihilated. Slowly and reluctantly they fell back, firing incessantly
into the solid ranks of the Rebels, every shot taking effect. Soon
they reached the main body and then commenced the fight in earnest.
For five minutes the Second Corps discharged volley after volley,
while gra^je and canister cut gaping swaths, mowing down the furious
minions of treason, like grass before the scythe. A few of the most
intrepid ones advanced to within a dozen yards of the fence behind
which we stood, but instantly they shriek and fall, pierced by number
less balls. Others still advance, and meet a like fate. In a few mom-
ments they are overpowered, and, eager still for life, endeavor to gain
a respite from the fate of their comrades by the nimble use of their
legs. A few well directed volleys bring them to a realizing sense that
their game will not pay, and therefore they stop and lie down. On
ward dashes some little iDattalion and brings them in prisoners. Thus
ends the battle, and the firing nearly ceased. The victory is complete,
but not without terrible gaps in our own ranks. The Nineteenth lost
206 in killed and wounded, — one half of its whole number on the morn
ing of the previous day; and the loss in the Brigade and throughout the

IOO THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Corps was in about the same proportion. The Corps had twice hurled
back the heavy columns of Lee, and its commander, Hancock, was
severely wounded.
"It was now late in the afternoon. The wounded were being
cared for, and our dead being buried. Night again fell, and on a
more ghastly field than ever before on this continent. Weary and
jaded the men again sought rest, little fearing another attack. The
morning broke. Not a Confederate could be seen. The Fifth and
Sixth Corps advanced to reconnoitre, and were welcomed by half
a dozsn guns, which were then hastily spiked. 'The enemy has
retired,' was the theme of the conversation everyAvhere. Satisfaction
and cheerfulness abounded. A heavy force soon started in pursuit,
but the Second Corps was to remain for a while to bury the dead. A
detail was soon made from each regiment, with pickaxes and shovels
to perform the last sad rites. Our own dead were buried in groups,
the name and regiment of each placed at the head of the little mounds.
Then they proceeded to the Rebel dead, — and I will say here, that by
adding together the numbers buried by the several squads, the number
reached upwards of 2,000 opposite the line of battle of the Second Corps.
It was a mournful task.
"I have written lengthilv — much more than I intended — but I am
quite unable to express the hardships our brave volunteers have under
gone for the past forty days. Our ranks in the field are now weak and
thinned. There is many an absentee at roll call. We need more men .
God grant that we may have them. Eleven months ago the Nineteenth
Maine was one thousand strong. Today its ranks number 2 5 8 . Some
who were then with us are reposing on the banks ofthe Rappahannock;
other are asleep on the stained and ever memorable field at Gettys
burg. Only a few are left.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK IOI

CHAPTER VI.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK, BRISTOE STATION,
MINE RUN AND SECOND WINTER IN CAMP.
The Regiment broke camp on the i8th of July, crossing
the Potomac at Harper's Ferry. We then crossed the Shenan
doah river on a pontoon bridge, moved around to the head of
Loudon Heights and started up the Loudon Valley, following
closely in the route over which we marched October 30th, '62,
after the battle of Antietam. On the next day, Sunday, July
19th, the Regiment reached Snicker's Gap. The soldiers
thought they had never seen blackberries so large and plentiful
as were found at this time in this region of country. We were
marching slowly, keeping near the Blue Ridge, and there was
good opportunity for picking these berries. In its advance
along the mountains, the cavalry was very active and had several
encounters with the enemy. Our route took us through Bloom
field, Upperville and the vicinity of Ashby's Gap, and we
reached Linden Station on the Manassas Gap railway on the
23rd day of July. The Third Corps, under General French, took
the advance through Manassas Gap, followed by the Fifth
and our own Corps. The Regiment marched entirely through
the Gap on the 23rd, reaching the vicinity of Front Royal,
the march covering a distance of about eighteen miles. In
some places the Gap was very wide and in others quite narrow.
The country looked very pretty around Front Royal. The
Third Corps had some fighting, which we escaped. On the
24th we retraced our steps through the Gap and went into
camp. An order was issued that we must subsist on half
rations for a while. Inasmuch as few of us had any rations at
all, the order did not materially affect our style of living.
It appears that the head of Longstreet's Corps reached
Millwood, opposite Ashby's Gap, July 20th, with the intention

102 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
of pushing through the Gap. Our cavalry had possession of
that. Then Longstreet pushed for Manassas and Chester Gap.
He bridged the Shenandoah at Front Royal, as the river was
not fordable. General Corse hurried a regiment into Manassas
Gap and put the rest of his force into Chester Gap and managed
to get possession of the latter a few minutes before our troops
appeared in the opposite end of the Gap. Colonel Herbert,
with the Seventeenth Virginia Regiment alone, kept our force
a long time from penetrating Manassas Gap. Longstreet
marched through Chester Gap and made his way leisurely to
Culpepper Court House. The other Confederate corps crossed
the mountains further south.
Mosby's guerrillas were very active upon our flanks and
rear. Any fainting soldier, dropping by the roadside, was sure
to make the acquaintance of Mosby's men and quickly find his
way into the Richmond prisons. A number of the men of
the Nineteenth were in this luckless class. On the 25th we
marched twenty miles to White Plains, going through Rector-
town. We proceeded the next day to a place near Warrenton
Junction. This was an exceedingly trying march of twenty
miles. The day was very hot and men, overcome by the heat,
died by the roadside. From Warrenton Junction the Regi
ment proceeded to Morrisville. We left the vicinity of Warren
ton at sunset July 30th and marched until nearly three o'clock
the next morning, reaching the vicinity of Elk Run. On the
last day of the month we proceeded to Morrisville a place
where we were destined to remain for some time. The men
of the Regiment had been compelled to subsist for weeks on
very poor rations. The diet of pork and hard bread had been
varied only at long intervals, when the men would forage upon
the country through which they marched.
General Halleck telegraphed General Meade on the 29th
of July that he thought "it would be best to hold for the present
the upper lines of the Rappahannock without further pursuit
of Lee." The Regiment remained in the vicinity of Morrisville
for about six weeks. In many respects this period was a pleas
ant experience for the Regiment. Once our encampment
was changed for the purpose of procuring better water. What

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK IO3
the soldiers needed more than anything else was rest and good
food. We received neither of these in abundance. It was very
hot weather the most of the time. On several occasions the
thermometer registered 104 in the shade. As a rule, however,
the nights were comfortable. During the first week's sojourn
at Morrisville, Paymaster Hewey appeared in camp and the
Regiment received two months' pay in full up to July ist.
The 6th day of August had been set apart by President
Lincoln to be observed as a day of national thanksgiving. Its
observance in our division was simply perfunctory. No effort
was made by the officers to have the day kept in the spirit as
President Lincoln desired that it should be. The men were
truly thankful that they were alive.
On the 2 ist of August our Division turned out to witness
the execution of Jesse Mayberry, of the Seventy-first Pennsyl
vania, who was shot for desertion. Large picket details were
necessary during our Morrisville stay. There were expeditions
from the Corps in various directions to guard against the activ
ity of the Confederate cavalry. We received while here 198
drafted men, recruits and substitutes. These men had to be
drilled and watched. While there were some desertions among
these recruits, it may be said to their credit that some of the
best soldiers of the Regiment were men who came to us while
at Morrisville. Toward the end of August, with the rest of the Second
Corps, the Regiment made an expedition to Banks' Ford above
Falmouth. It was a good day's march and was said to be for
the purpose of supporting our cavalry in the destruction of
gunboats on the Rappahannock. We reached Morrisville on
our return trip about two o'clock in the morning, September 4th.
On Saturday, September 12th, we left Morrisville at about ten
o'clock in the morning and marched down past Bealeton Station
to within about one mile of the river and bivouacked near the
railroad. This was not a long march, but it was one of the
most distressing in the experience of the Regiment. It was a
very hot, sultry day. In the forenoon the thermometer rose to
106 degrees in the shade. Late in the afternoon the men were
drenched to the skin in a heavy thunder storm, which was grate-

104 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
tully received. The men started in a rain storm the next morn
ing about seven o'clock and crossed the river at Rappahannock
Station. A large force of cavalry was in advance of our Corps.
The Nineteenth reached the neighborhood of Culpepper Court
House in the afternoon and encamped a mile west of town.
Cannonading was heard along the banks of the Rapidan to
the south. Our cavalry had brisk work in driving the Confed
erates out of this peninsula betv/een the Rapidan and the
Rappahannock. It was ground that had been fought over
many times. On the 17th of September, the Regiment ad
vanced, with the Second and Sixth Corps, to the Rapidan river.
The Second Corps was extended along the Rapidan to picket
the fords and its picket line was nearly ten miles long. The
necessity for this activity on the part of the Army of the Poto
mac was to prevent General Lee from sending further reinforce
ments to the Confederate armies in the west.
On the 24th of September, General Hooker was assigned
to the command of the Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps.
These two army corps were later transferred to the Army of the
Cumberland on the 3rd day of October. On September 25th,
when General Slocum learned that Hooker was to command
these two corps, he wrote to President Lincoln tendering his
resignation, and in his letter to the President, passed out this
bouquet to Hooker: "My opinion of General Hooker, both
as an officer and a gentlem.an, is too well known to make it nec-
cessary for me to refer to it in this communication. The pubhc
service cannot be promoted by placing under his com.mand an
officer who has so little confidence in his ability as 1 have. Cur
relations are such that it would be degrading to me to accept
any position under him." The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps
now passed permanently out of the Army of the Potomac.
On the first day of October, a man of the Fifteenth Massa
chusetts, found guilty of desertion, was drummed out of the
service m the presence of our Brigade. This Regiment so inti
mately associated with our own, had only one man shot for
desertion during its service, and this man was John Roberts, of
Company H, of that Regiment. Thc Brigade was called cut to

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK IO5
witness his execution on October 30th. Roberts was a substi
tute and had been absent from his regiment only three days.
BRISTOE STATION
On the 5th of October, the Second Corps was relieved by the
Sixth and withdrawn from its position along the Rapidan to
Culpepper, where it remained until the loth. On this last
named day, the right of our Army near James City which was
held by Kilpatrick's cavalry supported by a part of the Third
Corps was suddenly attacked by Stuart's cavalry and driven in
toward Culpepper. This assault, together with intercepted
communications by signal from Clark's mountain, furnished
evidence to General Meade that his right flank was already
turned. During the night our trains were sent across the
Rappahannock, details were made to keep up the fires until
midnight in order to deceive the enemy, and the Second and
Fifth Corps quietly and hastily began their retrograde movement.
By daylight on October 1 1 th our whole force was north of the
river and the bridge at Rappahannock Station was blown up.
General Meade having gathered all the misinformation he could
from our cavalry and on advice given by Generals Pleasanton
and Sykes concluded that instead of the Confederate army
having flanked him, it was advancing from the south and then
occupied Culpepper Court House. We started back toward
Culpepper at one o'clock in the afternoon of the 12th, preceded
by the Fifth and Sixth Army Corps. Our three corps were
preceded by General Buford's Cavalry Division. The Corps
advanced nearly to Brandy Station.
About eleven o'clock at night on the 12th, we began our
movement north again, recrossed the river and, proceeded by
way of Bealeton to Fayetteville, where we arrived about one
o'clock on the 13th. We had stopped the night before only long
enough to prepare food, so that since that time we had march
ed about thirty-six miles practically without rest or sleep.
General Warren had been ordered to follow the Third Corps and
act as rear guard to the whole army. The boys got about one
hour's sleep at Fayetteville while lying in line of battle. The
Third Corps kept us waiting considerable time and we then pro-

I06 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
ceeded to what was called Three-mile Station on the Warrenton
branch railroad. After waiting here for some time for the Third
Corps to get out of the way, we proceeded along the flank of that
Corps to the Vicinity of Auburn on Cedar Run. It was just after
dark, and the only available crossing place was occupied by the
Third Corps. When that Corps was not wanted, it was in the
way ; and when they were wanted, there were merrily skipping
out toward Manassas, making good time. While we were
tarrying here, we had a good opportunity to prepare something
to eat. The Regiment was routed out on the morning of Octo
ber 14th between three and four o'clock and started to cross
Cedar Run at the village of Auburn. This was not the" Auburn '
sung of by the poet. It consisted of one shabby residence and a
blacksmith shop. In order to cross Cedar Run, we had to
march directly toward the enemy for a couple of miles. The
fact is the enemy were on our flank trying to find a suitable place
to attack. While General Caldwell's Division was crossing
Cedar Run, Gregg's Cavalry Division which had been on the
left flank and rear of the Second Corps, was driven in by the en
emy advancing from the direction of Warrenton. Carroll's Bri
gade, always ready for any dangerous duty, responded to
Gregg's appeal for infantry support. The Confederates threaten
ing us now were Rodes' Division of EweU's Corps. Caldwell's
Division having crossed the Run, Hays' Third Division took
the advance on the road. Caldwell was occupying the side of a
hill which lay between the road to Greenwich and Catlett's
Station, having with him the batteries of Ricketts, Arnold and
Ames. While Caldwell's men were stopping here they im
mediately proceeded to make coffee and while so engaged, there
came out of the pine woods ahead of us, and on the very road we
were expecting to use, a succession of flashes, followed by shells
which exploded in the midst of Caldwell's men. Ten or a dozen
men in Caldwell's Division were killed by this fire. One shell
killed seven men. The commander of the Third Division was
Alexander Hays. The shells intended for Caldwell's Division
passed over the head of Hays and his boys. Rickett's Penn
sylvania Battery came into position and answered the hostile
guns. Quicker than it takes to write it. General Hays, always

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK IO7
ready for an emergency, formed his skirmish line which he sup
ported with infantry, and started to find out who was thus
impudently blocking our way. In a very short time he not only
found out but opened the road for us.
It appears that General Stuart with two brigades of cavalry
and seven pieces of artillery had been inadvertently caught the
previous night between the columns of our army. Finding
himself thus caught and unable to extricate himself, he hid
away his force in the dense pine woods on the road from Auburn
to Catlett's. He dared not undertake to push his way out at
night, because he did not know what he might encounter, or
which way to turn. He thus waited until daylight and then
hoped that when he opened on the Second Corps that the Con
federate infantry would advance from the opposite direction
and that thus they might annihilate whatever troops were be
tween them. When Stuart opened, however, some of his shells
passed completely over our lines and into the faces of the
advancing Confederates. They failed to make connection.
When he started to move away, the Confederate infantry at
tacked, with considerable force, Brooke's Brigade of the First
Division, which was left to stand off the Confederates until we
could get out of the way. The force attacking Colonel Brooke
consisted of a heavy line of skirmishers followed by two lines
of battle. Now that the road was clear, General Webb with our
Division took the advance and Caldwell's men held the rear,
and we all started out for Catlett's Station. The men did not
require to be urged to take the quick step. We all realized now
that this was a race in which large issues were involved. No
complaints were heard. Our brigade led in the march and our
Regiment was near the head of the column.
When two or three miles from Auburn, General Caldwell
selected a storng position, planted his artillery in places of ad
vantage and waited to give the enemy a dose of their own medi
cine. This was done in order to get our Corps trains beyond
Catlett's Station and out of the way. Then General Caldwell
was ordered to let go and follow the other two divisions.

I08 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
The men were loaded down with four or five days' rations
and sixty rounds of ammunition. The column was put in
motion from Catlett's Station toward Bristoe. The distance
between these two places is about seven miles. The experience
of the day had made the men willing to march expeditiously.
With a swinging stride, the tired soldiers were measuring off
the distance to Bristoe. When about half way there, directly
in our front a furious cannonading breaks out ahead of us, up
the railroad track. The woods in our front concealed the view,
and generals and staff officers galloped to the front. Soon orders
came for the troops to hurry forward. Our Division then crossed
the railroad to the south side and then we all took a brisk trot
toward the firing in front. The First Minnesota was marching
on the left as flankers. We soon came out into a clearing and
Bristoe Station is in plain sight. A Confederate battery on the
left is taking position and a few minutes afterward the Confed
erate infantry is seen moving out of the woods and forming upon
a hill near Broad Run, facing the railroad. They are the Confed
erate Brigades of Cooke and Kirkland of Heth's Division, Hill's
Corps. The flankers have already opened fire upon the Confed
erate skirmishers. Brown's Battery B was at the head of the
column, ready for trouble. This battery dashes across the
plain, fords Broad Run and gets into action on the other side.
Only two Brigades of our Division are present. The Pennsyl
vania Brigade was absent guarding the wagon trains. The
Fifteenth Massachusetts led the Brigade; then came the Eighty-
second New York, followed by the Nineteenth Maine. We went
upon the field of battle on the run. When the Brigade drew
near Broad Run, they were ordered to advance by the left flank
toward the enemy and the railroad. The Eighty-second New
York was then hastily drawn from the line and hurried across
Broad Run and then immediately back again. The Minnesota
men fought as flankers. Upon the withdrawal of the Eighty-
second New York, our Regiment extended its line toward the
right so as to connect with the Fifteenth Massachusetts. The
Third Brigade, under Colonel Mallon, of the Tammany Regi
ment, joined us on the left. Colonel Mallon was killed in the en
gagement. The Forty-second New York was the next regiment

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK IO9
on our left. Our Regiment was under command of Lieutenant-
Colonel Cunningham, Colonel Heath being in command of the
Brigade. Rickett's Pennsylvania Battery went into position
on a small hill immediately in our rear and poured rapid fire
over our heads. The Brigades of Cooke and Kirkland came
charging down the sides of the hill, their flanks supported by
Davis' and Walker's Brigades of the same Division. As soon as
the Confederate hne got within thirty yards of the railroad, our
Brigade on the right opened fire. Mallon's Brigade swings
into line behind the railroad a few minutes later and its regiments
continued the firing line to the left. Owen's Brigade of the
Third Division, consisting of New York troops, came next in
line; then the brigade of that splendid soldier. Colonel Thomas
A. Smyth. Our men continued firing until the front was clear
of the enemy. In two places a few of the more adventuresome
Confederates leaped upon the railroad track, only to be shot
down and captured. Sergeant Small, of the Nineteenth, shot
one Confederate at muskets' length and ran another through
with his bayonet.
The regimental flag of the Twenty-seventh North Carolina
was captured in front of our line by Moses C. Hanscom of Com
pany F, who was subsequently awarded a medal of honor. One
poor Confederate evidently desiring to surrender, jumped upon
the railroad track without his rifle and in the excitement of the
moment he was shot dead by one of the men of the Regiment.
The railroad embankment was about high enough to afford good
breastworks. A large number of prisoners was taken by the
Brigade, in which the Nineteenth participated.
The result of the battle of Bristoe Station was the killing
and wounding of 900 Confederate officers and men and the cap
ture of 500 prisoners, two colors and five guns. In this battle
the Confederate Generals Cooke, Kirkland and Posey were
wounded, and the latter soon died as a result of his wounds.
Our own loss in killed, wounded and missing was about 500.
Over i50of this number were reported as missing, having given
out on the retreat from Culpepper, except about seventy belong
ing to Brooke's Brigade, who were captured while that officer
was skirmishing with Ewell, earlier in the day.

110 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
In General Hill's report of this engagement, he stated that
he was convinced that he "made the attack too hastily." The
Confederate Secretary of War endorsed upon Hill's report that,
— ^"The disaster at Bristoe Station seems due to a gallant but
over hasty pressing of the enemy."
Colonel John S. Mosby reports Hill's loss as 1378, and adds,
"When Hill and Ewell arrived near Bristoe, the Third Corps
(French) had just crossed Broad Run on the retreat to Center
ville. Hill ordered Heth to cross and attack it ; the Third Corps
went on; the Second, under Warren, was intercepted. It had
not reached the stream and was marching in column on the rail
road. Warren immediately formed a front to his flank behind
a railroad embankment and a deep cut. Heth overlooked it;
this was the cause of the failure of the Bristoe campaign. With
ordinary skill, the Second Corps should have been destroyed."^
The engagement was over at four o'clock. The time be
tween that and dark was an anxious hour for General Warren
and his Division commanders. Colonel Heath in writing of this
engagement after the war, stated that, "About five p. m. we
began to hear reports of the approach of Ewell on our left. I
think 1 never knew daylight to last as long as it did that same
afternoon, and 1 never wished for darkness half as much as I
did then." General Warren in his report of this battle adds: — " I con
clude my report with the expression of my feelings, almost of
gratitude, toward the Second Army Corps, and especially to the
commanders of divisions and brigades and the staff officers at
these headquarters. Temporarily commanding the Corps dur
ing the absence of Major-General Hancock, its permanent com
mander, absent by reason of wounds received at Gettysburg, I
find each department so well filled that 1 would not wish to
change it."
When darkness closed down upon the field, a sigh of relief
went up from the men. Word was passed along in whispers that
every man was to keep his hand on his tin cup and canteen
that no noise might be made. The camp fires of the Confeder-
1 Stuart's Cavalry in the Getteysburg Campaign, by John S.
Mosby. page 166.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK I I I
ates appeared along the whole line and the voices of their men
around the fires could be plainly heard. In silence, the Second
Corps passed along the enemy's front, forded Broad Run and
never stopped their march until they threw their weary bodies
on the ground near Blackburn's Ford on the Banks of Bull Run
about four o'clock in the morning of October 15th. Of the
sixty-nine hours that had elapsed since the Regiment left
Bealeton on the morning of the 12th, the boys had been in
column on the road, in line of battle or fighting with the
enemy more than sixty hours.
The recruits of the Regiment stood their ground like veter
ans. Of the twenty casualities in the Regiment, seventeen
were recruits. The following is the list of the casualities of the
Regiment at Bristoe Station: BRISTOE STATION
Company A.
John G. Curtis, wounded. Cotnpany B.
Franklin A. Wood, killed; Corporal William H. H. Small, wounded;
Israel H. Cross, wounded; Henry A. Dore, prisoner; died at Annapolis,
Nov. 25th. '63. Co-mpany C.
Sulhvan M. Welch, missing; never heard from; reported deserter.
Co-mpany D.
Ezekiel R. Thomas, wounded. Company F.
Corporal Walter Jerald, wounded; William Strange, wounded.
Company G.
James Hammond, prisoner; died Sept. 10th, '64, at Andersonville .
Daniel Mahoney, prisoner. Co-mpany H.
Frank Brown, wounded; Jason Bumpus, wounded; Charles W.
Judkins, wounded ; Frederick Smith, prisoner; George Tucker, wounded ;
George White, wounded. Co-mpany I.
Joseph Baker, missing; Philo F. Washburn, missing; supposed to
have been captured just before the battle.
Company K.
Henry F. Roberts, prisoner; died at Andersonville, July 24th, '64.
While we were lying at Bull Run, the 152nd New York
Regiment, Colonel George W. Thompson, joined our Brigade,
coming from New York Harbor, having been in the command
of General Dix in the Seventh Army Corps.

112 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
The inquiry is naturally made as to why the Second Corps
was left in its isolated position to be fallen upon by the whole
Confederate army. General Sykes, the commander of the
Fifth Corps, was instructed by General Meade not to leave the
neighborhood of Bristoe Station until the head of the Second
Corps appeared. His only excuse for leaving was that he
"thought" he saw the head of Warren's Corps coming from the
direction of Catletts. Such blunders were placed to the account
of profit and loss and the officers making them were never even
reprimanded. For this inexcusable blunder Sykes ought to
have been dismissed from the service. It was little short of
miraculous that the Second Corps was not destroyed on this
day. It was confronted by the whole Confederate army; al
though, fortunately, only one division of it was engaged. It
was only the quick comprehension of the situation and the
rapidity of movement on the part of General Warren that
saved us at Bristoe Station.
The following is General Meade's order announcing the
battle of Bristoe Station. "Headquarters, Army of Potomac,
October 15, '63.
General Order No. 76.
The Major-General commanding announces to the army that
the rear guard, consisting of the Second Corps, was attacked yesterday
while marching by the flank. The enemy, after a spirited contest,
was repulsed, losing a battery of five guns, two colors and 450 prisoners.
The skill and promptitude of Major-General Warren and the gallantry
and daring of the soldiers and officers of the Second Corps are entitled
to high commendation.
S. Williams, By command of
Assistant Adjutant-General. Major-General Meade."
Sometime previous to the battle of Bristoe Station, General
Halleck notified General Meade that he had recommended
the dismissal of some of the useless Major-Generals connected
with our army, but that the President had not acted upon his
recommendation. This was one of the wise recommendations
of General Halleck.
Subsequent to the battle of Bristoe Station and on October
i8th, Halleck, in telegraphing to Meade, says, "General Lee

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK II3
is unquestionably bullying you. If you cannot ascertain his
movements, 1 certainly cannot. If you pursue and fight him, 1
think you wiU find out where he is. 1 know of no other way."
General Meade appears at his best when he makes the following
caustic reply : " Your telegram of 7:00 p.m. just received. If
you have any orders to give me I am prepared to receive and
obey them; but 1 must insist on being spared the infliction of
such truisms in the guise of opinions as you have recently hon
ored me with, particularly as they were not asked for." This
rather cleared the atmosphere.
The Regiment remained at Bull Run from the 15th to the
19th of October. We formed a line of battle once or twice and
there was cannonading in the neighborhood. The Regiment
started out early in the morning of the 19th of October and
passed by Manassas Junction and marched to within a short
distance of Bristoe Station. The next day we crossed Broad
Run and marched through Greenwich to a point near Auburn
and near to the encampment of October 13th. After remaining
here a few days the Regiment moved several miles and went into
camp on the Warrenton branch railroad. Many of the boys
unwisely concluded that we would remain here for some time,
and began building winter quarters. The fact was, however,
that in the advance of Lee's army, he had torn up the railroad
as far as Manassas Junction and we were waiting to have it re
built as far as the Rappahannock. This work was necessary in
bringing supplies. Having been completed, the entire army
took up its march on November 7th toward the Rappahannock.
The army proceeded in two columns, the left composed of the
First, Second and Third Corps and the right of the Fifth and
Sixth Corps. The march of our Regiment took us through War
renton Junction, Bealeton and Morrisville. The Third Corps
effected a crossing at Kelly's Ford with little loss, capturing
several hundred prisoners.
On the right, however, the enemy was encountered at
Rappahannock Station. Two brigades of the First Division,
Sixth Corps, captured a fortification of the enemy near where
the railroad crossed the Rappahannock, capturing over a thous
and prisoners, several cannon, small arms and supphes. In this

114 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
brilliant affair, the Fifth and Sixth Maine Regiments took a con
spicuous part and reflected honor upon the State of Maine.
The Regiment crossed the river on the Sth and proceeded
about eight miles in the direction of Brandy Station, Captain
Starbird being in command. Lines of battle were formed here
as though a brush with the enemy was expected. On the loth
the Regiment advanced with the Division two or three miles
and encamped. We here took possession of a Confederate
camp recently and hurriedly vacated by the enemy. The
Nineteenth took the camp of the Second Louisiana Regiment,
and some of the log houses found here were very fine. The
writer recalls that the house falling to his lot, and which he oc
cupied with his messmates was a well constructed log house
with a brick chimney. The boys found here a pretty comfort
able home, where they would have been willing to have spent
the winter. The Regiment remained here until the 24th of
November. During our stay near Brandy Station the only
camp which we occupied was about two miles directly south
from Brandy Station and about half way between the Station
and Stevensburg. Occasionally in Culpepper county a Union
man was found. This fact was attributed to the great influ
ence of John Minor Botts, who remained true to the govern
ment during the war. Mr. Botts had a large estate north of
the railroad and one mile west of Brandy Station. He was
now an old man, upwards of sixty years of age. He was at
home during the stormy period of the war except when Jeff
Davis had him in prison in Richmond, charged with treason.
MINE RUN
The Mine Run campaign does not awaken pleasant mem
ories in the minds of the survivors of the old Regiment. That
campaign imposed upon us hardship but gave us no honor.
It is, however, a part of our history. It was the purpose of
General Meade to move his army from its position around
Brandy Station and by a rapid march push his troops inside of
General Lee's line of defense at Mine Run and attack the corps
of either Hill or Ewell, separated by some distance from each
other. The movement was planned to begin on the 24th of

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK II5
November, but a heavy rain storm on the preceding night
caused the execution of the plan to be deferred. We started on
this campaign on Thursday morning, November 26th. This
was our national Thanksgiving Day. The advance was made
in three columns. The right column was composed of the
Third and Sixth Corps, which were to cross the Rapidan at
Jacob's Ford. The left column was composed of the First and
Fifth Corps, and they were to cross the river at Culpepper Mine
Ford. The Second Corps composed the central column and it
was ordered to cross the Rapidan at Germanna Ford and proceed
in a westerly direction on the Orange turnpike to Robertson's
Tavern. The First Corps was ordered to come up and form
on the left side of the Second and the Fifth Corps was to extend
the line of the First Corps as far as Parker's Store on the Orange
plank road. The Third and Sixth Corps were instructed to form
on the right of the Second Corps at Robertson's Tavern.
Now, in order to insure success, the greatest celerity of
movement was essential. When the engineers began laying the
bridges at Germanna and Jacob's Fords, it was discovered that
they lacked two or three pontoon boats to reach the southern
shore. The rains of the 23rd and 24th had extended the banks
of the Rapidan. So the head of the Second Corps did not reach
Robertson's Tavern until about ten o'clock in the forenoon of
the next day. Here the Confederate infantry was encountered,
after brushing his cavalry out of the way. The Fifth Corps
reached Parker's Store at about the same time that our Corps
reached Robertson's. The Third Corps was not up, as expected,
early on the 27th.
The orders to General French were after crossing Jacob's
Ford, to proceed at once to Robertson's Tavern, about eight
miles distant, and take position on the right of our Corps.
French's Corps was followed by Sedgwick's Corps. The cross
ing at Jacob's Ford was so difficult that most of the artillery of
the Third corps had to be sent to Germanna Ford, two miles
below, in order to cross. It was with the greatest difficulty
that the supply train crossed at this point by reason of the
narrow road and precipitous banks. Not having a guide who
knew the way, French's troops took the wrong road and had

I l6 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
to retrace their steps. There is no question but the orders to
General French were very difficult of execution. General
Prince, who commanded the leading division, was dilatory and
slow. General French encountered and fought a division of
EweU's Corps on the 27th. He reached Robertson's Tavern
on the morning of the 28th. General French was one of the old
officers of the Army of the Potomac. He was made a Major-
General in November, 1862. He was severely criticized for
his lack of resolution and energy in this campaign. He was
relieved from the command of the Third Corps the following
March and was mustered out of the service as a Major-General
of Volunteers on May 6th, 1864.
From the time of the arrival of the Regiment near Robert
son's Tavern, it formed in line of battle, supporting Battery B,
First Rhode Island, where it remained until three o'clock in the
afternoon. The Regiment then advanced to the front, support
ing the skirmish line consisting of parts of the First Minnesota,
Eighty-second New York and Fifteenth Massachussetts. It
was here that Lieutenant Colonel Joslin of the Fifteenth Massa
chusetts, was taken prisoner while advancing his skirmish line
through the woods. He was detained in prison until August
of the next year, when he was exchanged and mustered out of
service, his regiment having already been mustered out. Col
onel Joslin was very highly esteemed by the men of his regiment.
At nine o'clock at night, the men went upon the skirmish line,
where they remained all night without sleep. We were on the
edge of dense woods and the Confederate skirmishers were only
a few rods distant from our line. In the early morning of the
28th, the Regiments of our Brigade were converted into a skir
mish line and occupied the extreme right of the Division.
The Third Brigade connected with our left. The whole
line was then advanced some two or three miles through a
group of pines very difficult to penetrate. The advancing troops
soon came in sight of Mine Run. We remained here until two
or three o'clock in the afternoon without fires and in a cold
drenching rain storm. Our Regiment was relieved here by a
portion of the Sixth Corps.

Major David E. Parsons.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK I I7
We were now near the western confines of that Wilderness
region of which Chancellorsville is near the eastern border.
Mine Run rises south of the Orange turnpike and runs almost
directly north through a valley skirted on either side by hills,
and empties into the Rapidan about half way between Jacob's
Ford and Mitchell's Ford on that river. The valley through
which it runs was in places swampy and difficult or impossible
for soldiers to cross. At the place were Mine Run flows perpen
dicularly across the Orange turnpike and plank road, these two
roads are less than three miles apart.
Upon the request of General Warren, he was authorized
to take the Second Corps and Terry's Division of the Sixth
Corps and make a reconnoissance to the left and around the
right flank of Lee's army. This increased Warren's command
to about eighteen thousand men. We withdrew from the line
of battle at daylight on November 29th, marched back on the
turnpike to Robertson's Tavern and then turned south, striking
the Orange turnpike somewhat west of Parker's store. We
then marched west and soon reached the cavalry outposts of
General Gregg. Caldwell's Division was ordered to the front
and the Confederates were pushed back some two or three miles
and across Mine Run. The Regiment was not engaged this day
and the men bivouacked here that night. General Warren was
further reinforced during the night of the 29th by two Divisions
of the Third Corps. We advanced and formed in line of battle
at two o'clock in the morning on the 30th of November. Our
Brigade was formed between the railroad grade and the plank
road. General Hays' Division joined us on the left and a
division of the Third Corps on our right. A division of the
Sixth Corps was south of the Catharpin road leading from
Todd's Tavern and the extreme left of our line. We were
formed in three lines of battle, ready to assault the enemy's
breastworks. The First Minnesota was on the skirmish line.
The Fifteenth Massachusetts and Nineteenth Maine were in
the first line of battle. The orders were to unsling knapsacks,
fix bayonets and prepare to storm the strong intrenchents of
of the enemy in front.

Il8 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
^ ! All night long we could hear the Confederates chopping
down trees, giving commands and building breastworks. It
had become intensely cold. When the morning dawned such
a sight presented itself as to cause the men's faces to grow pale.
The enemy had reinforced the part of their line in our front.
Strong breastworks and abattis had been constructed. Their
cannon commanded every square foot of ground between our
line and theirs. The enemy occupied a naturally strong posi
tion. Without any opposition, it would have taken our men
eight or ten minutes to run up the hill and to chmb into their
intrenchments. Not a gun was fired in front of our position,
but many of the Confederates stood on top of their breastworks
looking down upon us, as much as inviting us to go up the hill.
The boys talked in low tones to one another. Messages were
confidentially given and received, to be sent home in case of
death. Many of the soldiers pinned their names and the
names of the organizations to which they belonged, upon
their coats for identification in case they were killed.
At a reunion of the survivors of the Nineteenth Maine
Regiment at Richmond, in 1878, the late Colonel William H.
Fogler gave a very vivid description of our perilous position
at Mine Run. It is here inserted:
"Let me recall a scene. It is night; a dark, bitter night, in the
late autumn. Already the biting winds of winter are sweeping over
hill and plain, freezing the warm blood as it courses through the veins,
and even casting its chill upon the very hearts of men. In front
sharply rises a steep, almost precipitous hill. Upon its crest the hands
of the enemy have raised a massive breastwork, strengthened by
fascine and gabion, and all the skill and energy of wliich men are
capable. Upon right and left, in front, along the whole long line of
works, the deep cannons' mouth cast their terrible frown down the
long hill-side, threatening death to all who dare approach the strong
hold. The steep slope which extends from the piain below to the
threatening crest above, is netted by moat and ditch and thickly set
with abattis, and all those fearful contrivances t':;rough which men
must cut their way in order to reach the heart of the enemy's works.
Through the long night the sound of spade and axe, and the moving
of artiillery, show that the enemy is adding to the strength of his
already well-nigli impregnable position. Upon the plain below is our
own army. Each regiment is placed in position for attack upon the
enemy's works. Knapsack and blanket are piled in the rear, that
they may not impede the progress of the men up the fearful hillside.
Though hunger calls for food, no meal can be prepared, for the fires
necessary for the purpose would show our position and our numbers
to the watchful enemy ; though the cold winds freeze the very marrow.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK I I9
no friendly fire can restore warmth to the chilled limbs; though the
drooping eyelids call pitifully for sleep, each soldier knows that to
sleep uncovered in that bitter air would be the sleep of death ; though
every muscle has been taxed to exhaustion by the long weary march
of the preceding day, no rest can be had, for only by constant motion
can the men avoid perishing with the cold. 'At daylight the enemy's
works are to be carried by assault.' Such is the order of the com
manding general. Every man understands the full meaning of that
short but fearful order. It means that when the signal is given, they
must rush with the impetuosity of wild beasts into that fearful thicket
with which military art has studded the hill-side, and with axes,
bayonets, with their tom, bleeding, bare hands, they must tear a
way through the very top. That when that terrible advance begins
along the long line of works, the artillery will hurl its iron storm, and
musketry will pour its leaden hail. That when the crest is reached
a hand to hand contest will take place, bayonet will clash on bayonet ;
clubbed musket will deal thick blows about, and foes perhaps clinch
each other in a death struggle. That thus shall the battle rage until
adown the hillside our shattered, almost exterminated line will be
hurled in utter defeat; or up the rampart shall be flung the glorious
Stars and Stripes, and the exulting shout of victory shall ring from
the hilltop. This every soldier knows is what awaits him at the
breaking of the storm. At daybreak the enemy's works are to be
assaulted He knows that upon thousands of his comrades, perhaps,
and hkely upon himself, the bright sun has risen for the last time ;
that his next beams will fall upon heaps of dead; that his rising shall
be heralded by the shrieks of the wounded and the moans of the dying .
And so, the long night passes slowly away, each man waiting and
watching to catch the first glimmer in the east, which may be the
signal of his own death. Thoughts of home, of loved ones, of his
childhood scenes — O God ! what thoughts do not press upon his weary
heart and brain. We read of heads turned white by a single night of
terror; that with the knowledge that death comes with the morrow,
reason has deserted her throne, and the wretched man has become a
raging maniac. But yet those men, through the long hours of the
night, look coolly in the face of death. To but a few does there come
any thought of escaping the responsibilities and dangers of the coming
mom." As soon as it was light enough to see, General Warren was
observed walking along in front of our lines of battle eagerly
scanning, through a field glass, the Confederate position. He
was accompanied by a single staff-officer. The Confederate
works were about as strong as field works could be made.
Opposite our Division sixteen cannon were disclosed, ten of
which were in an embrasure, with an abattis, ditch and rifle
pits in front. The cold had become almost unbearable, it hav
ing steadily grown colder during the hours of the night. It
was said that General Warren had spent the greater part of the
night upon the line of battle. He decided that under existing
conditions the attack would be useless. He assumed the re-

120 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
sponsibility of declining to make an assault upon the Confeder
ate works and so notified General Meade. In this act, General
Warren displayed a high degree of moral courage. His position
was unanimously indorsed by his soldiers, not in spoken words,
but in lightened hearts and cheerful faces. A sigh of relief and
a silent prayer of thanksgiving went up from the hearts of the
men in the line that morning.
General Sedgwick had found what he thought was a weak
place in the enemy's lines opposite our extreme right. He
was to attack at eight o'clock in the morning, and General
Warren's attack was to follow a half hour later. The booming
of Sedgwick's guns was heard on the right. The cannonading
came down the lines toward the left, but Warren's guns were
silent. Later Sedgwick was ordered to suspend active opera
tions. The Regiment remained in line all day. At seven o'clock
in the evening the Nineteenth was ordered forward, deployed
and advanced to relieve the skirmish line in front. The suffer
ing of the men during the long hours of the bitterly cold night
was intense. The Regiment was reheved on the skirmish
line on the morning of December ist, by the Forty-second
New York, and rejoined the Brigade in the rear. Early in the
afternoon, the Nineteenth, with the Brigade, advanced to the
front, south of the railroad grade, near the Grasty House and
threw up breastworks. At half past eight o'clock on the night
of the ist, a detail was made from some of the regiments in the
Division to remain and keep up the fires in order to deceive
the enemy, remaining until three o'clock in the morning. Be
tween eight and nine o'clock the Regiment took up the home
ward march, left in front, along the plank road. Our Division
was in the rear and our Brigade was in the center of the Divi
sion. We passed New Hope Church and Parker's store and
then struck into the wood road or cart path leading northward
and came out at the old Wilderness Tavern. We marched all
night, reaching the river at Culpepper Mine Ford about ten
o'clock the next morning. Some of the men who were left to
keep up the fires were captured and some escaped to the river and
landed safely on the north bank. When we came in sight of the

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK 121
Rapidan, a band on the north bank was playing '"Oh! Ain't
you glad you got out of the Wilderness" ! Lieutenant-Colonel
Cunningham in his report states that "this made two nights
in succession which the men and the officers had passed without
sleep." Men marched in the ranks that night in a half uncon
scious condition, would fall exhausted by the roadside and be
sound asleep as soon as they touched the ground. It required
vigorous persuasion and almost brutal force to waken the
men and induce them to resume the march. At eleven o'clock
in the forenoon of December 2nd, our Division was massed
on the north side of the Rappahannock and rested for an
hour and a half. After the pontoon bridges had been
taken up, scouting parties from the Confederate cavalry ap
peared, cautiously approaching the south bank of the river.
A few shells were sent after them, which caused their sudden
disappearance. We arrived at our old encampment at 9 p.m.
December 2nd, and found to our great disappointment that
our old log houses had been burned. "Our army swore ter
ribly in Flanders," would feebly describe the language of the
Second Corps that night. We had marched for 24 hours with
out halting except to stop for breakfast on the north bank of the
Rapidan. Col. Cunningham reported when we arrived in
camp, that "for sixty-six hours the men of my Regiment had
but ten hours and a half rest." We had been absent on this
campaign for seven days and nights.
The Mine Run campaign was ended. The army had
marched and counter-marched and manoeuvred to no purpose.
To be sure it had lost httle, but it had gained nothing. It
had consumed time and wasted energy, but had gained no ap
preciable advantage.
During this campaign our Division had been commanded
by General Webb and our Brigade by Colonel Baxter, of the
Seventy-second Pennsylvania Infantry.
The losses in the Nineteenth Maine in the Mine Run
expedition were very small. They were as follows: Irad M.
Henderson, Company B, wounded November 27th. Isaac
L. Sanborn and Simon H. Willey, Company E, were taken

122 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
prisoners of war. Dennis Cieary, of Company I, was also
taken prisoner.
The men of the Regiment went immediately to building
winter quarters and had just got them fairly completed, when,
on December 6th, we moved over some six miles toward Brandy
Station, and on the 7th we moved up near Stevensburg, where
we finally settled for the winter.
Colonel Heath resigned on November 4th, and a numerous
ly signed petition was forwarded by the officers of the Regiment
to the Governor of Maine, requesting him to appoint Captain
Fogler to the vacant colonelcy. Quartermaster James W.
Wakefield resigned November 13th, 1863, and First Lieutenant
Albert Hunter, of Company H, was promoted to that position.
Captain George L. Whitmore, of Company C, who had been
absent from the Regiment since the battle of Gettysburg,
resigned November 7th, and First Lieutenant Charles E. Nash
of Company F, was promoted December i8th to be Captain of
Company C. First Lieutenant Albion Whitten, of Company C,
resigned November 17th, and Second Lieutenant William H.
Emery, of the same company, was promoted to be Captain.
Second Lieutenant Joseph L. Clark, Company 1, resigned
November 30th, and Sergeant Lafayette Carver, of Company
I, was promoted to be Second Lieutenant of that Company.
Second Lieutenant Charles P. Garland, Company H, was pro
moted to the rank of First Lieutenant of the same Company
December 13. Second Lieutenant George R. Palmer, Comp
any I, was promoted to be First Lieutenant of that Company,
October 19, 1863.
Nothwithstanding the many changes in the officers of our
Regiment since its organization, the changes in the general
officers of the Army of the Potomac had been still more marked.
Out of forty or more general officers who had commands under
McClellan on the Peninsula, only about eight remained. Meade
Hancock, Sedgwick, Birney, Sykes, Newton, Caldwell and
French were still with us. The last four of these eight, however,
left the Army of the Potomac within the next two or three
months.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK 1 23
It was very different in the Confederate Army of Northern
Virginia. When vacancies occurred in that army from any
cause, promotions were made from the same organization,
officers who had shown their fitness to command, filled such
vacancies. Their brigades were generally made up with regi
ments from the same state. This produced a wholesome rivalry
among the brigades and counted for much. At the north we
multiphed regiments, while the Confederates used new soldiers
to fill up old organizations. Then, as a rule, the Confederate
brigades were named for their commanders. The Stonewall
Brigade and Mahone's Brigade meant Virginia troops. Dan
iel's Brigade was composed of North Carohna, and Jenkins'
Brigade of South Carolina soldiers. Wafford's Brigade, signi
fied Georgia troops and Law's Brigade, Alabama troops. Hum
phreys' Brigade was composed of Mississippi and Hays' Bri
gade of Louisiana regiments, and so on.
During the autumn the Brigade and some times the Divi
sion, were ordered out with sickening frequency to witness the
execution of men by shooting or hanging. Desertion was the
common offense of these unfortunates. It was regarded as
necessary that the faithful soldiers should witness the
deserter's ignominious death as an object lesson or warning.
This relic of barbarism is still cherished in some of the states.
To illustrate its deterrent effect, within two days after one of
these shooting parties, four soldiers were reported as deserting to
the enemy from the same regiment to which the dead deserter
belonged. In the month of August we were compelled to witness
the shooting of a soldier for desertion from the Twentieth
Massachusetts. The Twentieth was known as the Harvard
University Regiment. As shown by its History recently pub
lished, there were 190 desertions from this regiment. The
History of the Nineteenth Massachusetts records 150 desertions,
while the Seventh Michigan had only about forty. These regi
ments all belonged to our Division. The story of the Nineteenth
Maine is not marred by the rec'tal of the execution of any of
its soldiers. No member of the Regiment v/as ever put to death
by military authority. Only thirty-five of its members were
guilty of desertion, and some of these were probably captured

124 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
by the enemy instead of having deserted. Verv likely the same
is true with respect to the other regiments here named. It will
be said, however, that the appalling figures of desertion from
the Twentieth Massachusetts is accounted for by the character
of the recruits received into that regiment. It is not clear that
the recruits sent to the Massachusetts regiments differed
greatly in character from those sent to the Maine regiments.
It was a fact as notorious as it was shameful that soldiers
on the fatiguing march, fainting by the roadside or compelled
by utter exhaustion to leave the ranks, were generally reported
as deserters. These men were no more deserters than the
commanding officers of the companies who so reported them.
To illustrate what is meant, James O. Stevens on the distressing
march from Manassas Gap to White Plains, July 25th, 1863,
collapsed and sank by the roadside. He had been in poor
health since he participated in the battle of Gettysburg, but
refused to go to the hospital. The boys of his company carried
his rifle and his blankets, for a while on this march, to relieve
him. There were no ambulances following our Division that
day. Stevens was picked up by Mosby's guerrillas, and sent
to Richmond, where he died in Libby Prison, February 22nd,
1864. He was a young man of good education and excellent
character. On the muster roll of August 31st, 1863, the follow
ing record is made on the company roll: "James O. Stevens
deserted service July 25th, 1863, on the march from Manassas
Gap to White Plains, Va. Took one Springfield rifle and set
of equipments with him, value I22.60. Also one knapsack, one
haversack and one canteen, value $3. 14." Independently of
what military regulations required, this record made against
Stevens was an inexcusable outrage. The muster-rolls and
other records of the Regiment show that this is by no means
an isolated case. It was so much easier to mark a man a
deserter on the rolls than to go to the trouble of finding out,
by inquiry, what had become of him!
John Foley was captured in the Wilderness, Isaac L, San-
bosn and S. H. Willey at Mine Run. These three men be
longed to Company E. James Ballard was captured at Jeru
salem Plank Road and James Hammond on the march to

Adoniram J. Billings, Surgeon.

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK 1 25
Bristoe Station. These two men belonged to Company G.
Mark S. Babb was taken prisoner in the Wilderness and
Charles Prescott on the Jerusalem Plank Road; both men be
longed to Company H. John Anderson, of Company 1, was
captured at some unknown place. Henry Roberts, of Company
K, was taken prisoner in the vicinity of Bristoe Station. All
of these men, and others not enuumerated here, were marked
on their company muster rolls as deserters, and all of them
died, after long confinemet, in Confederate prisons.
The early months of the winter spent on Cole's Hill near
Stevensburg were in pleasant contrast to the gloomy encamp
ment the preceding winter at Falmouth. Profiting by experi
ence, the men were enabled to build substantial quarters and
live more comfortably. The rations issued to the men were
much better. Many of them had boxes sent to them from home,
by express, containing eatables, underclothing, boots and other
luxuries. Then too, the original members of the Regiment
had become acclimated. Orders were issued in December
permitting furloughs to be granted to officers and men for fifteen
days. Many availed themselves of this opportunity.
Adoniram J. Billings, the Surgeon of the Regiment, was
discharged for disability January nth, 1864. At the reunion
of the Regiment at Bath, in 1874, Lieutenant-Colonel Spauld
ing made the following statement with regard to the character
and worth of Surgeon Billings, a tribute to that man which a
large portion of the Regiment will gladly indorse. "I want
to bear testimony to the efficiency of that officer whose per
plexing duties surpassed all others at this camp, who was
compelled to battle diseased bodies and minds in all shapes
and forms and conditions, requiring often the use of harsh and
severe treatment and language as the only remedy, though
applied at the risk of placing himself in a false position before
men whose esteem he or any one would regard of great value.
I believe the Regiment was indebted more than can ever be
known or told, to the skill of the Surgeon whose large and
patriotic heart was continually pained and lashed almost be
yond endurance by the duties he was called on to perform,
and the emergencies of that early winter's camp. Justice has

126 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
never been accorded to Dr. Billings; it never can be. I know
(in the same way I know this earth revolves upon its axis,
that the blood circulates in this right arm, that God rules
over all) that no mora patriotic, efficient and large hearted
surgeon ever entered the army than the first surgeon of the
Nineteenth Maine Volunteers."
A considerable number of men from the Regiment went
to Washington to be examined for promotion as officers of
Negro regiments, and some where successful. An order was
issued from Corps headquarters to the effect that the Govern
ment desired to procure the services of members who were
experienced seamen to serve in the Western gunboat flotilla.
Few "old salts" were found who cared to make the change.
Details for picket were made for a period of three days on
account of the distance to be travelled, so the boys were not
called upon very often. There were regular company and
battalion drills daily or reviews when the weather permitted.
On the 23rd of February, our Corps and Kilpatrick's
Division of cavalry were reviewed by General Meade. Many
officers of distinction were present to witness the marching
troops. It was rather an imposing sight.
Early in February, it was planned that General Butler,
commanding the Army of the James, should attempt to cap
ture Richmond by moving rapidly upon it, from the south.
No one ever expected that he would succeed, and in this no one
was disappointed. It became necessary, however, to assume
an aggressive attitude on the Rapidan, in order to keep Lee
from sending troops to Richmond. So on the morning of
February 6th, the Second Corps, under command of General
Caldwell — General Warren being ill at the time the Corps
started out — moved down to Morton's Ford on the Rapidan.
The enemy had a picket line along the southern banji of the
river and a small force of men in rifle pits at the Ford. There
was a small island near the middle of the river. General Hays,
commanding the Third Division of our Corps, sent a brigade
across and nearly the whole force of the enemy at the Ford was
captured without the loss of a man. The other two Brigades
of the Third Division were then sent across. Major-General

BACK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK 1 27
Warren came up and resumed command of the Corps late in
the day. Our Brigade was ordered across the river at 7 o'clock
at night. Colonel Baxter in command. Captain William H.
Fogler was in command of the Regiment, and his report of this
affair is herewith appended.
"We left our present camp at 7 a. m. February 6, 1864 the third
Regiment of the Brigade in the line of march. Were moved to a point
near Morton's Ford, on the north bank of the Rapidan; arrived there
about 11a.m. Remained in line with the rest of the Brigade during
the passage of the Third Division across the river, and until dark,
when we received orders to cross the river at the bridge, which was
accomplished. We were placed in position on the left of the Fif
teenth Massachusetts Regiment about half a mile from the river, and
some 10 rods to the right of the road, which runs perpendicularly
to the river from the bridge. At once received orders to place skir
mishers 100 yards in^our front, which was done. Companies D, Lieuten
ant Pierce, and F, Captain Starbird, commanding, being selected for
that duty. About 9 p.m received orders to detail two companies for
same duty, who were to be deployed on the right of the Eighty-second
New York's detail of skirmishers, and to extend from their line to the
river at a point about 80 rods above the bridge. Companies B, Cap
tain Parsons, and G, Captain Whitehouse, were detailed for this pur
pose, and reported to a staff officer of brigade, who conducted them to
their position.
"About 10:30 p. m. I received orders from Colonel Baxter, com
manding Brigade, to deploy the remaining six companies as skir
mishers on the left of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, which
had previously been deployed. Our line was to extend from the
large house just in front of the left of the line of the Fifteenth Massa
chusetts to the house on the hill, to the left of the main road before
mentioned, our line running across the open field. This order was
executed as soon as practicable.
"At 1 a. m. of the 7th instant, received orders to fall back, form
the Regiment, and return to the north bank of the river. I did so with
four companies, the other two having been taken by Colonel Baxter
for the following duties: Company C, Captain Nash, to remain on the
original skirmish line, with instruction to fall back if pressed hard
before two hours, and to return at any rate at the expiration of that
time to the north bank of the river and rejoin the Regiment. Company
A, Captain Spaulding, was directed to form a line near the bridge, on
the left of the road, to support the skirmishers, and to remain until
the skirmish line fell back. At 2 a.m. we were in our first position on
the north bank of the river. The companies that were left on the
other side rejoined the regiment about 3 a.m. We occupied this line
until 7 p.m., when we received orders to return to camp, where we
arrived at 10 p.m.
"Our whole loss was 2 men wounded; none killed or missing.
Both men wounded were hit while crossing the bridge by stray bullets.
"The conduct of both officers and men of the entire Regiment was
excellent throughout."
The squad of men which Captain Nash commanded came
near being captured when they started to return across the

128 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
river. The only loss in the Brigade occurred in our Regiment.
The casualties in the Nineteenth were James F. Chase, private,
Company F, wounded; Sergeant James N. Hinckley, Company
K, mortally wounded; Sergeant Hinckley died February 15th.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS I29

CHAPTER VII.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS.
A slender vine on an old oak hung
And clasped its scaly rind;
From trunk to top its pennons flung
And laughed to scom the wind.
And men, who passed the way along.
Admired, and oft would speak
Of the kindly law that gave the strong
To aid and shield the weak. ,
.1 •- ¦?
Indeed it was as fair a sight '
 As any in the land.
To see the puny parasite
Upborne by tree so grand.
One day the vine in anger said,
"My tendrils I'll untie 
ALONE, aloft I'll rear my head
And leave the oak to die."
The winds were out, and strong they grew
And hurtled through the air;
They whistled and blew the old oak through
And laid its branches bare.
The tempest ceased; its rage was o'er;
Gaily the sun did shine;
The sturdy oak stood as before 
Low lay the lifeless vine.
The above lines were written soon after the secession of
South Carolina from the Union and were published in Vanity
Fair, early in February 1861. Their author was Selden Connor,
a young man twenty-two years of age, just out of college and
then absent from his native state, studying law at Woodstock,
Vermont. Young Connor enlisted and served as a Sergeant in
the First Vermont — a three months Regiment. He then
returned to Maine and was elected by the officers and com
missioned, without his solicitation, as Lieutenant-Colonel of
the Seventh Maine Regiment.
General Hyde, who was an officer of the same Regiment,
and author of the admirable little volume, "Following the

130 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Greek Cross," makes this suggestive comment, "that in the
election of Selden Connor as Lieutenant-Colonel we made no
mistake." Lieutenant-Colonel Connor commanded the Seventh a
portion of the time in the Peninsula campaign, and at the storm
ing of Marye's Heights in May 1863, when he and his regiment
were complimented by General L. A. Grant, in his report of
that engagement, for the "gallant manner" in which they came
to his aid. He also commanded the Seventh in the Gettysburg
Campaign. He was on duty in Portland, Maine, in the fall of 1863 as
a member of the general court-martial, of which Colonel Hiram
Burnham was president. Captain J. H. Roberts, of the Eighth
Maine, a member of the court, said to Colonel Connor one
morning: " 1 went to Augusta yesterday and you cannot guess
what I went for. I went to ask the Governor to appoint you
Colonel of my regiment. Governor Coburn said he would ap
point Colonel Connor to the next colonelcy, whether it should
be the Eighth or the Eighteenth." The next vacancy hap
pened in the Nineteenth, by the resignation of Colonel Francis
E. Heath, and the Governor true to his word, appointed Col
onel Connor to fill the vacancy on the ist of December, 1863.
He was retained on duty in Portland until, in response to re
peated requests for orders to join his regiment, he was ordered
to the front, where he arrived on the 25th of February, 1864.
Colonel Connor's reputation had preceeded him. The
soldiers of the regiment expected great things from him, and
they were not disappointed. His dignified bearing, his constant
solicitude for the welfare of his soldiers, and his coolness and
bravery in action won their confidence and esteem, which he
always retained.
By virtue of Colonel Connor's rank, he was at once placed
in command of the Brigade, which then consisted of only four
regiments — the Nineteenth Maine, Fifteenth Massachusetts,
Eighty-second New York and 152nd New York. The last of
March, the First Corps was consolidated with the Fifth, the
Third Division of the Third Corps with the Sixth Corps and
the First and Second Divisions of the Third Corps with the

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS I3I
Second. This eliminated the names of the First and Third
Corps from the records of the Army of the Potomac. General
Hancock, who had nearly recovered from his Gettysburg
wound, assumed command of the enlarged Second Corps,
General Warren of the Fifth and General Sedgwick of the
Sixth. All these Corps commanders had been connected with
the Second Corps. Burnside's Ninth Corps had been ordered
up within supporting distance. It had not yet been incorpo
rated into the Army of the Potomac, but remained an indepen
dent organization until the 24th of May. The foregoing con
solidation necessitated a reorganization of the Second Corps.
The regiments of the First and Third Brigades of the Second
Division, with the exception of the 152nd New York, were
consolidated and became the First Brigade, which then con
sisted of nine regiments. These regiments were the Nine
teenth Maine, the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Massa
chusetts, the Forty-second, Fifty-ninth and Eighty-second
New York, the Seventh Michigan and the Twenty-sixth Wiscon
sin. On the 3rd day of April General Webb assumed command
of this Brigade, having been succeeded in the command of the
Division by General Gibbon, and Colonel Connor returned to
the Nineteenth. During the period of his command of the
Brigade, Captain Starbird was in command of the Regiment, —
both the Lieutenant-Colonel and the Major being absent.
Major Welch returned to the Regiment just before the opening
of the campaign. The four Divisions of the Second Corps
were commanded by Generals Barlow, Gibbon, Birney and Mott,
respectively. The spring was cold and rainy. Near the last of March
there was a heavy fall of snow — ^four or five inches. The vari
ous details were so heavy and so many officers were absent on
recruiting service that there was not very much drilling. Small
pox prevailed to a considerable extent. At one time there
were eight or nine cases in the Nineteenth.
Soon after the ist of January the men of the First Brigade
constructed a fine, large, log chapel, for the purpose of religious
services and entertainments. Rev. Henry V. Talbot, Chaplain
of the 152nd New York, was leader in the interesting religious

132 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
services held there. Chaplain Talbot was a fine looking man,
heavy-set with black whiskers, and he looked as though he
enjoyed good living. He was pleasant and tactful, a man of
considerable ability, always wearing a smile, and he became
quite popular With the men of the Brigade. A considerable
number of men professed conversion in these meetings.
Entertainments of different kinds were held in this chapel,
and a debating society was organized late in the spring, where
the soldiers discussed the great problems agitating the nation.
They did not, however, criticize the commanding officers.
When they wanted to arraign the officers they did it in a less
public place. Meetings and entertainments in this old log
chapel were pleasant and profitable and served to vary the
monotony of camp life.
Captain Charles E. Nash wrote a letter from Stevens
burg, Virginia, March 30th, 1864, from which the following
extract is taken:
"Colonel Sheldon Connor, our commander, has just returned to
the Regiment, having been for the past few weeks acting in the capac
ity of Brigadier-General. Captain Starbird commanded the Regi
ment during Colonel Connor's absence. Many of our officers are ab
sent in Maine on recruiting service, but will probably receive instruc
tions to join us ere many weeks. "The young men of the First Brigade
have organized a Soldiers' Lyceum, which is in successful operation.
It is held semi- weekly in the Brigade chapel building, fitted up by the
United States Christian Commission, and patronized by the various
military ranks. Sergeant Moses S. Dennett, of Company F, Nine
teenth Maine, a Litchfield boy, is president, (killed on the battle-field
of the Wilderness.) Last Sabbath several converts were baptised in
the stream which flows past our camp. A religious interest has pre
vailed during the past two months, and a goodly number have entered
the Army of the Great Teacher. The benevolent efforts of the Chris
tian Commission are reaching the hearts of the multitude. It has
been a real power in the Army, and always for good, physically as
well as morally."
At the request of General Webb, Colonel Connor, when in
command of the Brigade, held a brigade dress-parade, which
had been introduced by General Torbert, of the Sixth Corps,
and had been taken up by several brigades of that corps. The
nine Regiments of the Brigade were formed in line of divisions,
at half distance, on a gentle slope. The commanding officer's
position opposite the center of the Hne was on rising ground,
and immediately in his rear, on the crest of a hillock, General

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS I33
Webb and his Staff stationed themselves, as spectators. The
nearby hillside was covered with lookers-on from the other
brigades of the Division. It formed a beautiful and imposing
military spectacle — one of the many presented by the army in
the field in the line of its duty — without thought of "making
a show." A spectacle of a different kind was that presented on the
14th of April, when an English soldier of the Nineteenth Massa
chusetts was hung in the presence of the whole Division. His
offense was an outrage on a woman living near the picket line.
The Division was formed in a hollow square and waited while
the doomed man was escorted from headquarters a mile or
more distant, the accompanying band playing dirges all the
way. The procession passed entirely through the lane formed
by the two lines composing the square, facing each other, the
culprit on a caisson seated on his coffin, blindfolded, and bound
in a manner suggesting an attempt to defy the arts of a knot-
loosing fakir. The passing of the cortege entirely around the
square, in slow time, to the wailing strains of the band was so
harrowing, so revolting to the sense of humanity that one of
the men in the ranks said long afterwards that if anybody had
given the word there would have been a rush to free the prison
er or, at least, to put a stop to the barbarous cruelty of the
proceedings. On the 9th of March 1864, General Grant received his
commission as Lieutenant-General and the next day visited
the Army of the Potomac, where he established his headquarters
fifteen days later, and where they remained until the close of
the war. General Grant's appointment put General Halleck out of
business. Halleck was Commander-in-Chief of the army from
July 23rd, 1862 to March 9th, 1864. He was the recipient
of much cursing in his day but he occupied a position very
difficult to fill. He was recognized as an officer of scholarly
attainment but as a commander of troops in the field he was
a grievous failure.
When we reached Morrisville early in August 1863, there
were less than one hundred men on duty with the Regiment.

134 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
The trying winter at Falmouth and the hardships of the Get
tysburg Campaign had made fearful havoc in our ranks.
While encamped at Morrisville, the Regiment received 198
recruits, as has been heretofore stated, and early in Septem
ber, while at Culpepper, 144 additional recruits came, to the
Regiment. Some of these recruits were drafted men, some
were substitutes and others volunteers. The greater portion
of them were men of character and made good soldiers. Quite
a number of men who had left the Regiment by reason of
sickness or wounds, returned to us from the hospitals. When
the Regiment started out on the Wilderness campaign there
were present for duty twenty-two commissioned officers and
468 enlisted men.
At the opening of the Wilderness campaign, the Army of
the Potomac, including the Ninth Corps, numbered about 120,
000 men. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia comprised from
60,000 to 70,000. His three infantry Corps were commanded
by Generals Longstreet, Ewell and A. P. Hill, and his cavalry
by General J. E. B. Stuart. General Lee's headquarters were
near Orange Court House. Longstreet's Corps was encamped
at Mechanicsburg, about six miles south of Gordonsville, some
distance away from the rest of the army.
Two roads lead from Orange Court House down the Rapi
dan river in the direction of Fredericksburg. These roads
follow the general direction of the river and run almost parallel
to each other. The Orange turnpike is nearest the river and
the Orange plank road a short distance to the south of it. The
route of our army lay directly across these two roads. Where
the two armies confronted each other these roads are about
two miles apart.
The Second Corps was reviewed by General Grant on the
22nd day of April, and General Morgan pronounced it "the
finest corps review" he had ever seen in this army. A few
days thereafter orders were issued which inaugurated the most
memorable campaign of the war.
It was near midnight on May 3rd when the army started
on its march southward. The Second Corps, preceded by
Gregg's Division of cavalry, crossed the Rapidan on pontoon

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS 135
bridges at Ely's Ford, early in the morning of May 4th. The
head of the Second Corps reached the Chancellorsville battlefield
of the year before, soon after ten o'clock in the morning. It
had been a fatiguing march of twenty miles. It was very hot
on the 4th of May. The sides of the road from the river to
Chancellorsville were thickly strewn with overcoats and blank
ets, to which the soldiers had clung, as necessary to light house
keeping in Virginia during the cool nights of spring. Desire
yielded to necessity and many a poor family, along the line of
march, laid in a supply of clothing for years to come. We drew
no special inspiration from the historical association of this
old battle ground. Skeletons of dead men and the debris of
battle were found in all directions. Here the Corps rested until
the next morning.
The Fifth Corps, followed by the Sixth, and preceded by
Wilson's cavalry, crossed the river at Germanna Ford, some
six miles above Ely's Ford. The Fifth proceeded, in the fore
noon of May 4th, to the vicinity of the Wilderness Tavern, near
the intersection of the Germanna Ford road and the Orange
turnpike, while the Sixth Corps encamped on the hills south of
the Rapidan. The night of the 4th of May, our Corps encamped
five miles east of Warren's Corps.
At five o'clock in the morning of May 5th, the Regiment,
with the Second Division in the advance, was marching, with
a swinging gait, for Todd's Tavern by the way of the Furnaces,
followed by the other divisions of the Corps. We arrived at
Todd's Tavern between eight and nine o'clock in the morning
and heard the booming of Warren's cannon up the Brock road,
between us and the Rapidan. We were halted just beyond
Todd's on the Catharpin road, which led westerly to Corbin's
bridge over the Po river. Flankers were thrown out in all
directions. This was an impressive hour. The boys of the
Regiment were stirred by the exciting scenes about them.
The clash of arms had come. It seemed to bring a feeling of
relief rather than of depression. The hour to which all had
looked forward with so much concern had arrived. The pre
vailing sentiment was expressed by Sergeant-Major Wood, who

136 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
laughingly said, "Well, boys, the sooner it comes, the sooner it
will be over."
At nine o'clock General Hancock was informed by General
Meade that the enemy had appeared on the Orange turnpike
and ordered him to wait at Todd's until the "matter develops."
In the early morning of May 5th, we had infantry on the Orange
pike but no cavalry, and cavalry on the Orange plank road but
no infantry. Ewell had encamped on the night of the 4th within
three miles of Warren on the Orange turnpike, but our officers
had no knowledge of that fact. So when Warren started across
the country for Parker's store on the plank road, on the morning
of May 5th, he threw Griffin's Division up the turnpike as a
military precaution, to protect the main column. Griffin
unexpectedly met the advance of EweU's Corps on the turnpike
and the battle of the Wilderness was opened.
Just before noon. May 5th, Hancock was ordered to move
back to the intersection of the Brock road and Orange plank
road, as soon as possible. In coming from Chancellorsville, we
had marched in a southwesterly direction. In hurrying up the
Brock road to its intersection with the plank road, we were
going a little west of north. In marching down, Birney's Divi
sion brought up the rear and in the retrograde movement, his
Division had the advance and so reached the battlefield first.
Mott followed closely after Birney and then came Barlow, while
our Division, with some of the artillery, brought up in the rear.
The Corps numbered over 25,000 men, and with artillery
marching over a narrow road the movement was necessarily
slow. While the head of Birney's Division reached the desig
nated cross-roads about two o'clock in the afternoon, yet it was
between five and six o'clock before our Brigade reached the
plank road. This point was about seven miles from Todd's
Tavern. The last part of the march, we took the double-quick
step and ran along the Brock road with the bullets coming
from the woods on our left, whistling over our heads. This was
a hot run for the Regiment. Many men were lying beside the
road, unconscious from sunstroke.
There has been some confusion among writers as to the
locations of different regiments of the Brigade, and under whom

Brigadier- General Selden Connor. 1864.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS 1 37
they fought, during the second day's engagement. From a
diary kept by the writer of this book, and which he believes
is accurate as far as it goes, this information is obtained: The
Nineteenth upon its arrival at the intersection of the Brock
road and the Orange plank road, halted and there was some de
lay in finding General Carroll's Brigade which we were ordered to
support. The Regiment was finally sent into the woods on
the right of the plank road and it did not get into position
until nearly dark. Carroll's Brigade, in two lines, was in front
of us and we did not engage the enemy on the night of the 5th
of May. There were only occasional shots fired after the
Regiment was in position.
In the early morning of May 6th, our Regiment crossed
to the left of the plank road and advanced to the support of
some troops and about nine o'clock took the front line and
began firing and advancing, the enemy falling back. There
were then no troops in line on our left. In about half an hour
the cry was raised, "Look to the left!" There was discovered
quite a body of Confederates on our left flank and somewhat
to our rear, firing into us. The officers tried to have the troops
change front so as to meet this unexpected attack, but about
the same time came a vigorous assault from the front. The
men fell back in good order to the Brock road, firing as they
went. The Regiment lost quite a number of men here. Upon
reaching the Brock road, General Burnside was seen on his
horse with his hat off, showing his bald head shining in the sun,
and a staff-officer was pointing out to him where he was to put
some troops of the Ninth Corps, just then coming down the
road from the direction of the Wilderness Tavern. His soldiers
pushed into the woods on the right and soon fierce firing was
heard in the direction of his front.
In the early afternoon we were ordered in on the right ot
the plank road. The following is a quotation from the diary
to which reference has been made:
"We went to the right of the plank road with the Fifteenth Massa
chusetts and were ordered to go in on the left of Burnside. We all
charged and drove the enemy back over a small hill, behind which they
opened upon us one of the most destructive fires I was ever under.
General Webb sat on his horse, with drawn sword, just behind our

138 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Regiment, apparently as calm as on parade, saying, 'hold them, boys ,
I will soon have you relieved.' I never saw a general officer in a
hotter place, yet he was not touched. In a few minutes we were
relieved, went a short distance to the rear and drew some more cart
ridges and then advanced. Here we found our lines flanked and our
troops coming rapidly to the rear. Colonel Connor at once deployed
the Regiment nearly parallel with the road, attempting to stop the
stampede of troops to the rear. We waited until the enemy was
close upon us, when we were ordered by Colonel Connor to open fire
upon him. The Confederates appeared to be staggered by this un
expected fire into their faces and halted for a time. Soon their bullets
began to come into our ranks from most all directions. It was here
that our brave Colonel Connor was shot down and carried to the rear .
Our Regiment was the only troops left on this part of the field. We
then started for the Brock road and made good time in getting there.
About five o'clock Longstreet's troops came down through the woods
in the line of battle on a charge, bugles sounding, seeming confident
that they would carry everything before them. A section of the
Sixth Maine Battery was planted across the road, pouring canister
into their ranks, and our men lay behind the breastworks. When the
enemy got near enough we^opened fire and while in some places Long-
street's men planted their colors on our works, in about fifteen min
utes those not killed went back howling."
At this time fire was raging in the woods and in some
places the breastworks in our front were on fire. The heaviest
loss in our Regiment occurred on the right of the plank road in
the early afternoon.
The history of the Nineteenth Maine in the Wilderness
campaign is given in the official reports of J. W. Spaulding,
Captain commanding the Regiment, on the 3rd of August, 1864,
the the date of rendering his report, and of General Alexander
S. Webb, the Brigade commander, both taken from the Official
Records :
That portion of Captain Spauldings' report which relates
to the battle of the Wilderness is as follows:
"The Regiment struck tents at half past nine p.m.. May 3, 1864,
and marched with the Division at twelve o'clock same night, crossing
Ely's ford on the Rapidan just after daybreak May 4th marched to
Chancellorsville, where it arrived about noon. May 5th marched
at 5 a.m. Upon arriving at Todd's tavern, line of battle was formed
and the Regiment sent out to support the skirmish line. In the
afternoon, the Regiment counter-marched, moving back to the Wilder
ness. It was then detached from the Brigade and reported to Colonel
Carroll, commanding Third Brigade, and formed in the rear of second
line. Early in the morning of May 6th, an advance having been
ordered, the Regiment moved forward and, although in the third line
when it started, when our line met the enemy it was in the front line
and wholly unprotected on its left flank. Colonel Connor immediately
reported that this left was wholly exposed, but before troops arrived
the enemy had turned our left and compelled our lines to fall back.

Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph W. Spaulding. 1864.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS 1 39
The Regiment reformed on the plank road and rejoined the Brigade.
A new line was immediately formed, the right of this Regiment connect
ing with the left of the Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Volunteers of
the Ninth Army Corps which had just arrived. The line very soon
advanced and after having been hotly engaged with the enemy about
one hour, the Regiment was relieved and marched back nearly to the
line of breastworks and formed along the plank road. The movement
had barely been executed when the line in front was compelled to fall
back before the superior numbers of the enemy and the Regiment
again became engaged. It was then that the gallant Colonel Connor
fell severely wounded while striving to rally the retreating columns.
The Regiment held its position here until the enemy had turned both
flanks, when it was obliged to retire to the rear of the line of breast
works. The loss was very severe in the several engagements of the
day."
r ^General Webb in his official report, made after he was
wounded at Spottsylvania, states that it is necessarily incom
plete, from his inability to obtain any reports from regimental
commanders, most, if not all, of them being killed or wounded
The following are extracts from his report:
"On the 6th at about six a.m. I received orders from General
Gibbon to move to the right of the plank road and report to Major-
General Birney, which was promptly done. General Birney ordered
my command to deploy on the right of the plank road and move
forward to join Brigadier-General Getty, of the Sixth Corps. I
deployed and advanced as ordered." * * *
"I remained in my position until the enemy appeared on both
right and left flanks of my command, when I received an order from
General Wadsworth to go to the left to determine what was the cause
of the disorder taking place there." * * *
"I rode from my command to obey these orders. Seeing the
impossibility of effecting anything, I returned to my command and
found it in column in the road. The Nineteenth Maine Volunteers
halted when opposite to me and commenced firing at the enemy
approaching from the left of the plank road. It was halted by Colonel
(now Brigadier-General) Connor, without orders, since I was absent
under General Wadsworth's orders, and in doing this. Colonel Connor
did exactly what was necessary. He prevented the enemy from see
ing the rout. The road was jammed with troops and the rear of the
column would have suffered terribly had not Colonel Connor stopped
his Regiment. I saw Colonel Connor fall, and ordered the Regiment to
retire through the woods,"
General Webb, in his article entitled "Through the Wilder
ness," in " Battle and Leaders of the Civil War," says:
"When I came back from endeavoring to carry out the order that
Wadsworth had given me, I found the Nineteenth Maine, under Colonel
Selden Connor, on the plank road. Another regiment also stayed with
me to hold the plank road and to deceive the Confederates, by fighting
as though they had a continuous line. Colonel Connor was shot in

I40 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
the leg after a long skirmish; I offered him my horse, but his wounds
being such as to render him unable to mount, he had to be carried to
the log works. His Regiment stayed there until I gave the order to
break like partridges through the woods for the Brock road."
Under date of April i8th, 1865, General Webb, then
Meade's Chief of Staff, wrote to Colonel Connor and in referring
to the action of the Regiment, he said that "it was a most
important thing to the troops crowded in flight down the plank
road. It prevented Longstreet's determining the state of con
fusion they were in. Wilcox told me they lost twenty minutes
following us there and lost their chance to go in with us."
An important fact does not appear in either of the reports
or in the article and letter of General Webb herein quoted. It
is this : After the Nineteenth Maine had been firing some time
its cartridges, heavily drawn upon in its action before rejoin
ing the Brigade, became exhausted. Colonel Connor in person
reported the fact to General Webb, who ordered him to take his
Regiment back to the ammunition boxes which he would find
a short distance in the rear, and replenish its cartridge boxes.
Captain Spaulding did not know of this order when he made
his report, and General Webb appears not to have remembered
it. It is not to be wondered at that he could not recall every
incident affecting one of the many regiments of his command.
Another instance of his failure to recall a particular incident
accurately is afforded by the statement in his article in " Battles
and Leaders of the Civil War," herein quoted, " I offered him
(Colonel Connor) my horse, but his wounds being such as to
render him unable to mount, he had to be carried to the log
works." When Colonel Connor fell, General Webb asked him
if he were wounded, but made no offer of his horse. General
Webb was wounded in the head at Spottsylvania and was
taken to Fredericksburg and placed in the room where Colonel
Connor and other wounded men were lying. When General
Webb learned that Colonel Connor was in the room he sent his
orderly to the latter to beg his pardon for not offering his horse
and the reply was returned that there was no occasion for
regret since Colonel Connor could not, with his broken thigh,
have mounted the horse.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS I4I
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel William W. Swan, U. S. A.,
in a paper on the Battle of the Wilderness read before the
Military Historical Society of Massachusetts and published in
Volume 4, of the papers of that Society, says, "Although the
Rebels knew they had caused us to retreat in disorder the
woods did not allow them to see the extent of the disorder. It
is reported that in the road a Maine regiment did excellent ser
vice, preventing the enemy from seeing the rout then." The
"Maine regiment" must have been the Nineteenth, since it was
the only Maine regiment on the plank road at that time.
In an article by John R. Turner in Vol. XX of the South
ern Historical Society Papers, on the Battle of the Wilderness
appears a communication from Hugh R. Smith, Adjutant of
the Twelfth Virginia, Mahone's Brigade, from which the fol
lowing is taken:
"My remembrance of the affair is that our Brigade was
advancing in line of battle, and the woods being on fire caused
our Regiment (The Twelfth Virginia) to swerve to the right
thereby becoming somewhat separated from the rest of the
Brigade, and we seemed to come i-nto contact with ihe left fia-nk
of the enemy, who were holding the plank road, and I thought at
the time we were sent there especially to disloge them."
In the same article is a letter from Joseph E. Rockwell
also of the Twelfth Virginia, who writes: "Here the retreating
enemy came upon their reserves and we had it quite hot, until many
of our comrades were shot down. 1 was fortunate to catch a
friendly ball myself."
In an address by Leigh Robinson, of the Richmond How
itzers, before the "Virginia Division of the Army of Northern
Virginia," May i, 1877, speaking of Longstreet's flank attack,
he says, "See what three brigades are doing, cooperating with
others in front! They fall on Hancock's left, crushing Frank's
Brigade, sweeping away Mott's Division. Hancock's left is
forced back. He endeavors to retain the advanced position,
held by his right on the plank road, but cannot do so."
The following is the reference to the flank attack in the
history of the Twentieth Massachusetts:

'42 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
"Meanwhile General Longstreet had sent'a column of four brigades
to the unfinished railroad embankment on his right, which struck the
left of our new line and doubled up Frank's Brigade, then a part of
Mott's Division, and produced such a critical condition in this part
of the field that Hancock reluctantly gave the order for our forces to
withdraw to the Brock road, where, during the aftemoon and night of
the Sth, breastworks of logs had been erected. The Twentieth retired
under orders, and its exact position duridg the remainder of the battle
is still to be determined."
This indicates that the Twentieth Massachusetts did not
resist the flank attack on the plank road, nor does the history
of the Fifteenth or the Nineteenth Massachusetts mention that
they took any part in opposing the flank movement of the
enemy on the plank road.
General Connor's excellent account of the Nineteenth in
the Wilderness is given in a letter of which the following is a
copy: "Portland, Maine, Oct. 12, 1896.
Brevet Lieut. Col. Charles H. Banes,
formerly Captain and Assistant Adjutant General,
1st Brigade, 2nd Div. 2nd Army Corps,
Philadelphia, Pa.
My dear Colonel:
"I received a short time ago Part I, Vol. XXXVI, ofthe Official
Records' containing reports of the Battle of the Wilderness, that of
General A. S. Webb among them. So much of the report as relates to
my Regiment, the Nineteenth Maine, (p. 438) does not appear to me
to be quite accurate, and I would like to know if you have any recollec
tion of me and my Regiment in that action, and, if any, how it tallies
with mine. The circumstances were such that I think you must recall
them. For my own part I have so often recalled that action in which
I received a wound that disabled me for further service that it seems
fresh in my memory.
"Very soon after the arrival of the Second Corps on the field of
the Wilderness, late in the aftemoon of the Sth of May, I was ordered
by General Gibbon, our Division commander, to report to General
Carroll on the plank road. I formed on the Brock road and went for
ward through the woods, my left guided on the plank road, until I
came to General Carroll's command. It was quite dark when I found
General Carroll and reported to him. He said he should make no
advance that night, but that probably we should go forward early in
the morning. The command advanced at an early hour on the 6th
and my Regiment became engaged on the left of the road, with a
force in the edge of the woods, across a stretch of low ground or depres
sion. There was no force of ours on our left and therefore my Regi
ment was soon forced to fall back by a flanking fire from that quarter.
As soon as we had reformed a short distance in rear. General Webb
came down the road with our Brigade, and I was ordered to rejoin the
Brigade. Line was formed on the right of the plank road, the Nine
teenth Maine on the right, and an advance was made until we came to
the depression across which my Regiment had been engaged a little
before. There we were met by the fire of the enemy and the Brigade

Hon. Selden Connor, 1905.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS I43
was halted and a heavy interchange of firing was maintained for some
minutes, when the ammunition of my Regiment, heavily drawn upon in
its previous action became exhausted. I reported the fact in person
to General Webb, and he ordered me to take the Regiment back to
the ammunition boxes a short distance in rear and replenish my cart
ridge boxes. The Regiment was withdrawn in line as directed, and
a supply of ammunition was fotmd not more than a hundred or a hun
dred and fifty yards to the rear. As soon as the cartridge boxes were
replenished firing was heard in the woods to our left and the sound
grew nearer, indicating that our forces in that direction were giving
way to the enemy. You were with my Regiment at that time — my
impression is that you had come with me to show me where the ammu
nition was placed — and I said to you that I would change my front for
ward on my left company in order to cover our people who were being
driven back, and I suggested to you that you had better inform Gen
eral Webb of the force apparently coming on, to flank his left, since
his attention inight be so occupied with his front that he would not
notice it in time, and also of the action I proposed to take. You rode
forward towards the position and I changed my front so that my line
was just in rear of the plank road and parallel with it. In a few min
utes the Vermont Brigade of the Sixth Corps broke from the woods
into the road in a confused mass and streamed down the plank road
toward the Brock road. General L. A. Grant, the Brigade commander
and other officers were striving to rally them, but they were crowded
together in such a huddle and the pursuing enemy was so close upon
them that it was hardly possible for them to reform. 1 I was on the
plank road at the left of my Regiment and just in front of it. The
Vermonters came out of the woods just at that point. As soon as
they were clear of my front and the enemy were close at haud, I opened
fire. I was soon after struck in the thigh by a shot coming from the
right, and fell at the side ot the road. When I was down I saw General
Webb just behind me and he asked if I was hit. I was taken off the
field in a blanket by some of my men. The rest of the story is told in
General Webb's report.
"I have thus briefly sketched the part my Regiinent took in the
Wilderness until I fell, in order that I may refresh your memory as to
the incidents to which I have referred as having been specially under
your cognizance. You will confer a great favor on me if you will
give me your recollection of them. It would not surprise me if you
should not have the clear memory that I have of them, because they
were specially impressed on my mind as the closing of my service.
With great regard.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) Selden Connor."
The receipt of the letter was acknowledged by Mrs. Banes,
who wrote that her husband was too ill to attend to any busi
ness. It was subsequently learned that this was his last illness.^
These reports show that the Nineteenth Maine rendered
important service at the critical period in the battle of the

1 General Grant informs the writer that he ordered his Brigade
to retire. 2 Colonel Banes died January 15, 1897.

'44 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Wilderness, just as it had done on the 2nd and 3rd of July at
Gettysburg. In his letter to Colonel Connor, General Webb
reports the rebel General Wilcox as saying that they "lost
twenty minutes following us there and lost their chance to go
in with us." In some reports of rebel officers the reason given
for not continuing the pursuit was the fall of General Jenkins
and the wounding of General Longstreet by the fire of their own
troops. Certain it is that their pursuit virtually ceased at the
plank road. If they had kept on no doubt their progress
would have been stayed a little further on. As the wounded
Colonel of the Nineteenth was borne on a stretcher, to which
he had been removed from the blanket in which Captain
Smart had placed him, along the Brock road on the way to
the field hospital, he saw Hancock in white shirt sleeves, sit
ting on a stump just in rear of his well manned log works,
calmly waiting for an opportunity to discourage whatever as
sailants might appear in his front.
CASUALTIES OF THE REGIMENT IN THE BATTLE
OF THE WILDERNESS MAY 5-7, 1864.
Colonel Selden Connor, wounded; Captain David E. Parsons,
Company B, wounded; Captain Everett M. Whitehouse, Company G,
wounded; First Lieutenant William H. Emery, Company C, wounded;
Second Lieutenant Elbridge C. Pierce, Company D, wounded.
Co-mpany A .
Corporal Kingman Foss, killed; Corporal John Merrill, Jr., killed;
James Carroll, killed; Nathan P. Frost, killed; William B. Murphy,
killed; Charles M. Rowe, killed;
Sergeant Asa Andrews, Jr., wounded; Corporal John L. Downs,
wounded; John L. Armstrong, wounded; Alexander Bagley, wounded;
Danville Bean, wounded; John P. Lancaster, wounded; Samuel Leavitt,
wounded; Alonzo H. Quimby, wounded; Corporal Edward H. Smith,
wounded; Benjamin Bums, prisoner; Henry H. Fairbrother, prisoner.
Co-mpany B.
Sergeant David G. Bagley, killed; Corporal Hugh A. Bullen,
mortally wounded, died November 18, '64; Elijah K. Buzzell, mort
ally woimded, died in hospital, Washington, May 28th; Hosea B. Dun
ton, killed.
First Sergeant Darius S. Richards, wounded; Sergeant Morrison
R. Heal (Christian name appears also as Harrison) wounded; Corporal

[Ci BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS 1 45
George M. Mayo, wounded; Corporal Samuel N. Robertson, wounded;
William A. Hannon, wounded; Charles F. Jewell, wounded; John Marr,
wounded; Benjamin O. Sanford, wounded; Edwin Smith, wounded;
Jason Ware, wounded. Company C.
Corporal Cyrus F. Snell, wounded, died June 12th; Richard A.
Shepherd, killed.
Sergeant Lindley H. Whittaker, wounded; Corporal Harrison T.
Clough, wounded; Corporal George A. Osborn, wounded; Thomas B.
Blaisdell, wounded; Benjamin F. Buzzell, wounded; Calvin G. Downs,
wounded; Henry Judkins, wounded; Seth W. Ramsdell, wounded.
Company D.
Sergeant Ralph Johnson, wounded and missing. May 6, supposed
to have been killed; Sergeant Nelson N. Mayo, wounded, died at
Fredericksburg, May 21, '64. Corporal George F. Tufts, killed; Sewell
H. Johnson, wounded, died of wounds July 22, '64; Thomas Welch,
killed; Orlando F. Wentworth, killed.
Orrin I. Peterson, wounded; Elbridge G. Raymond, woimded;
Arthur M. Sawyer, wounded. Co-mpany E.
Corporal Isaac W. Patterson, mortally wounded, died Lincoln
General hospital, May 21, '64 ; John Foley, ^ prisoner, died at Anderson
ville, June 15, '64; William Farr, killed; Rufus H. Gould, killed; John
E. Nickerson, killed.
Sergeant Milton W. Nichols, wounded; Sergeant Alfred E. Nicker
son, wounded; Sergeant James H. Pierce, wounded; Albert Ames,
wounded; Henry A. Doyle, wounded; John B. Huff, wounded; Joseph
Pooler, wounded ; Augustus L. Philbrick, wounded ; John Sargentson ,
wounded; William Trollop, wounded; Amos W. West, wounded;
Edwin D. Wharff, wounded. Company F.
First Sergeant Moses S. Dennett, killed; Dexter B. Tenney, killed.
Sergeant John E. Brann, wounded; Sergeant Andrew J. Goodwin,
wounded; Corporal Jonathan Crane, wounded; Corporal Philip P.
Getchell, wounded; Thomas A. Baker, wounded; Augustine Babcock,
wounded; Roscoe Johnson, wounded; Morrill Rose, wounded.
Company G.
Sergeant George W. Chapman, killed; Sergeant George W. Merrill,
kiUed; Nathaniel Lane, killed; Ruel Littlefield, killed; Stephen Wing,
killed.

1 There is some doubt in what battle of the Wilderness campaign
John Foley was taken prisoner. The records of Company E do not
disclose the information. There is no doubt, however, as tohis death
at Andersonville.

146 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
First Sergeant George A. Barton, wounded; Sergeant Walter
Jordan, wounded; Corporal Edwin D. Lee, wounded; Corporal Albert
N. Randall, wounded; Thomas E. Carpenter, wounded; Andrew J.
Dain, wounded; Elijah Howard, wounded; Elijah Gill, wounded; Hugh
Hunter, wounded; Charles H. Jackson, wounded; Isaac Moody,
wounded; George A. Smith, wounded; James Shortwell, woimded;
WilUam H. H. Small, wounded; Joseph A. Stewart, wounded; William
B. Tobey, wounded; Lauriston G. Trask, wounded.
Company H.
Corporal William F. Wood, killed; Mark G. Babb, prisoner and
died a prisoner of war; Charles L. Bigelow, prisoner, died at Anderson
ville prison, Sept. 3, '64.
Sergeant Alfred T.Dunbar, wounded; Sergeant Francis P. Furber,
wounded; Sergeant Charles E. Ramsdell, wounded; Corporal George F.
Hopkins, wounded; Corporal William Leonard, wounded; Daniel B.
Abbott, wounded; Andrew J. Basford, wounded; Henry Baston;
wounded; Sanford Brann, wounded; Frank Brown, wounded; William
H. Jewett, wounded; George L. Smith, wounded; Howard H. Taylor,
wounded; George White, wounded. Com.pany I.
John Ward, killed; Charles Ripley, killed (also reported captured).
George S. Cobb, wounded; Joseph H. Norton, wounded; Alfred B.
Towle, wounded; Martin V. Myrick, wounded.
Company K.
Lot. A. Ford, mortally wounded, died at Fredericksburg May, 19th;
John L. Thompson, mortally wounded, died at Fredericksburg, May 22,
'64. Sergeant Isaac Webber, Jr., wounded; Corporal Robert KiUedder,
wounded; Corporal William T. Willis, wounded; James W. Hicks,
wounded; Gardiner McAllister, wounded; Albert G. Rand, wounded;
Albert Robinson, wounded; Edwin W. Swett, wounded.
Justin T. Bourne, prisoner, and reported a prisoner at date of
muster out. RECAPITULATION,
Killed and mortally wounded - 34
Wounded, not fatally - 97
Prisoners, of whom three died in prison 6
Total - - - 137

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA I47

CHAPTER VIII.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA.
The Battle of the Wilderness had been fought. The
Nineteenth Maine Volunteers was lying behind the breast
works along the Brock road, at its intersection with the Orange
plank road, facing west. When returning from the fruitless
Mine Run campaign the preceding December, the Second
Corps had marched along this same Orange plank road, past
Parker's store and nearly to its present position, where it
turned north into a wood road and came out into the Brock
road near the old Wilderness Tavern. The region in which
the armies were now operating was historic ground. Spottsyl
vania County had, before the Revolutionary War, been the
battleground of people struggling for religious liberty. Here
men were persecuted and imprisoned for preaching the gospel
outside of the established church. In the summer of 1781,
Lafayette, with his small army, pursued by Cornwallis, had
come up from the North Anna, camping for the night at Mas
saponax church, and then proceeded north, crossing the
Rapidan at Ely's ford, where our corps had crossed that river
on the morning of May 4th. "Stonewall" Jackson, with his
Corps, marched northerly along this same Brock road May
2nd, 1863, and fell upon the surprised right wing of the Union
army at Chancellorsville. But the men of the Regiment were
not specially interested at this time in historical associations.
They had in mind more serious thoughts.
About nine or ten o'clock on the evening of May 7th,
while the Regiment was resting by the roadside and awaiting
developments, Generals Grant and Meade, accompanied by
their staffs, rode along and halted at General Hancock's head
quarters near where the Regiment lay. The burning woods
lighted up the scene, and when the faces of the Commanders
were recognized, wild cheers echoed through the forest.

•48 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Tired as they were, the soldiers shouted with renewed en
thusiasm. The enemy must have thought a night attack
was intended, for they opened fire upon us with shells, which
had the effect of silencing the cheering. Soon the head of
Warren's Corps appeared, marching south. This settled the
question of the next move. Some of the men were intoxicated
with joy and enthusiasm, and well they might be.
This movement of the army toward Spottsylvania was a
great surprise to the Confederates. Indeed, their surprise was
increased by each flanking and advancing movement of the
Union army. They had been accustomed to a program which
began with a Union advance, culminating usually in one great
battle, and ending in retreat of the Union army. Then would
come the substitution of a new commander for the one beaten
and then an offensive campaign on the part of the Confederates.
This being the usual order of events, they confidently expected
that General Grant would re-cross the Rapidan after the Battle
of the Wilderness. Indeed, they felt hurt because our new
commanding General, fresh from the West, would not recognize
the customs and precedents so firmly established. It would not
be an exaggeration to say that the Confederates were much
disappointed in General Grant.
It was not until daylight on the morning of May 8th that
the Second Corps filed into the Brock road and followed the
Fifth Corps south from the Wilderness battlefield toward
Spottsylvania Court House. Barlow's Division led, followed
closely by Gibbon. The troops marched south on the same
road over which we had hurried north on the afternoon of
May 5th, to the rehef of the left wing of the Army of the
Potomac. The Regiment was now commanded by Major
Welch. The experience of the last three days had cast its
shadow over the troops. As they marched away, the men of
the Regiment, unaccustomed to weeping, looked, with moist
ened eyes and quivering lips, into the burning woods behind
them, where so many of their comrades lay, unburied— com
rades who, in their dear old homes, had been their neighbors
and schoolmates.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA I49
The head of the Second Corps reached Todd's Tavern at
nine-twenty in the morning and the Regiment, about half an
hour later, marched by the Uttle old tavern, without even
stopping for breakfast, and formed line of battle with the
Second Division on the south side of the Catharpin road,
facing southwesterly. There were four roads from Todd's
Tavern, one running north to the Wilderness, one running
northeast to Piney Branch church, where the Ninth Corps had
been ordered, one going southeasterly to Spottsylvania Court
House, on which road the guns of Warren's men could plainly
be heard, and the other running southwesterly to Corbin's
bridge, over the Po river. About one o'clock in the after
noon, Gibbon's Division was ordered to the support of General
Warren and took the road toward Spottsylvania Court House.
The Fifth Corps was heavily engaged and the Regiment
reached the scene of action at about four o'clock and halted
by the roadside to allow a portion of the Sixth Corps to pass.
The Nineteenth bivouacked early in the evening of the 8th,
near the Brock road and nearly a mile in the rear of Warren's
line of battle. On the morning of the 9th, at about ten
o'clock. Gibbon's Division countermarched a short distance
and then faced to the south, and advanced through the woods
toward the Po River, near the old road that ran by Hart's
house. The Division connected on the left with the Fifth
Corps and on the right with Barlow's Division, which had also
moved southeasterly since the preceding morning. While
the Division was in the line of battle, facing, and near the Po,
a Confederate wagon train was seen hurrying along the road
toward the Court House on the opposite side of the river.
The Nineteenth was hastily thrown out as skirmishers and
advanced to the Po, where it was found that the Confederates
had a strong line of flankers, marching along near the south
bank of the river. The Regiment was halted and a battery
came into position near us and opened fire upon the
wagon train. A stampede was created among the mules
and mule drivers, which furnished amusement for the Regi
ment for a short time. This all occurred under the personal
observation of Generals Grant and Meade, with whom General

150 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Hancock was consulting at the time, and it probably suggested
to Grant the project of attempting to crush General
Lee's left flank. Barlow's and Birney's Divisions on the
right soon crossed the river and Gibbon's Division crossed a
little later in the afternoon, between Barlow's Division and
Warren's Corp., on a temporary bridge, hastily constructed.
On the morning of May loth, the three Divisions named,
of the Second Corps, began skirmishing and advancing toward
what was called the Block House bridge, which crossed the
Po river, within the Confederate lines south of the river.
It was here that Lieutenant Sturgis of the Twentieth Massa
chusetts was killed. About eleven o'clock in the forenoon,
the Regiment recrossed the Po with the Division, on a pontoon
bridge which had been laid near the place where we crossed the
evening before, and went to the support of Warren's Corps,
which was heavily engaged down the Brock road. About three
in the afternoon our Division, under General Gibbon, reached
the Hne held by the Fifth Corps and our Brigade, under General
Webb, took position on the right of Carroll's Third Brigade, and
on the left of Crawford's Division of the Fifth Corps. The line in
this locality was commanded by General Warren. Gibbon's
line of battle was strung along in a dense wood, consisting mostly
of dead cedar trees, which rendered an orderly movement of
the line utterly impossible. Owen's Brigade was in reserve.
Word was passed along the line that when Crawford's Division
charged on the right. Gibbon's troops were to cheer and join
in the charge. The position of the enemy was a very strong
one and the men of the Regiment hugged the ground pretty
closely until the order was given to charge. When that order
was received, the men took it out mostly in cheering, but it
was a mournful cheer. We advanced about the same dis
tance that Crawford's Division did, which was not very far.
General Carroll claimed that some of his Brigade reached the
Confederate works. Many of the wounded were burned to
death in the fierce conflagration which raged in the dry timber.
Just before six o'clock in the afternoon, General Hancock came
along and the lines were readjusted, with the understanding
that another effort was to be made to take the strong works

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA I5I
of the Confederates in front. It seemed to the men, who
knew, as well as the officers, that these repeated charges
placed the Union forces at a very unfair disadvantage and
sacrificed hundreds of lives without adequate compensation.
Hancock now had charge of the Fifth Corps and Gibbon's
Division of the Second. The soldiers would cheerfully re
spond to any order General Hancock might give. Our Division
had more confidence because he was there. So when the
order was given to charge, Webb's Brigade went forward with
the rest of the line, with a wild rush toward the nearest point
of the Confederate works. On account of the trees and under
brush it was impossible to keep a regular line of battle. The
troops could not Hve where the Confederate artiUery, and
more particularly its infantry, swept the ground over which
the Union troops charged. The works to be captured were
on higher ground.but the troops never reached the Confederate
intrenchments. They came back from their fruitless effort
in some disorder, and in his report, subsequently made. General
Webb charged that the second line of battle, consisting
principally of Owen's Brigade, broke to the rear. In this
case it was more dangerous to be in th^ second line of battle
than in the advanced line. During the first, and particularly
during the second attack the woods between the lines took
fire, and both in advancing and retreating the troops had to
go around the burning places, which added somewhat to the
confusion. With relation to these charges made in connection with the
Fifth Corps, Colonel Charles H. Banes, the Assistant Adjutant-
General of Webb's Brigade, and who had excellent facilities for
observation, as follows:
"The failure of the Second and Fifth Corps did not deter the Gen
eral commanding from a renewed attempt on the same position. Ac
cordingly, regiments had scarcely reformed before an officer made his
appearance with directions to repeat the assault at precisely six o'clock.
In spite of the horrible losses required by obedience to this command
there was an approach to the ridiculous in the manner of its communi
cation. No officer of higher rank than a Brigade Commander had
examined the approaches to the enemy's works on our front, and the
whole expression of the person who brought the message seemed to
say 'The General commanding is doubtful of your success.' The
moment the order was given, the messenger put spurs to his horse and

152 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
rode off, lest by some misunderstanding the assault should begin before
he was safe out of the range of the enemy's responsive fire.
"Promptly at the appointed hour the Division moved out of the
woods toward the coveted works. The men had weighed the prob
abilities of success and decided that the attempt was hopeless. The
advance along the line was made without enthusiasm, and it continued
only a short distance, when a halt was made and firing commenced and
continued for a brief period, when the whole force fell back as suddenly
as before. ' 'The result of the second attempt, although not attended with as
heavy loss as the first, was more demoralizing. Some of the best troops
of the Second Corps, the equals of any soldiers that ever carried arms,
not only retired without any real attempt to carry the enemy's works,
but actually retreated in confusion to a point far to the rear of the origi
nal line, and remained there until nearly night. Brigade staff-officers
who were sent to recall the scattered troops found them gathered about
their regimental flags, quietly preparing coffee and comparing expe
riences about the movement on Laurel Hill. In the two attacks of this
day, the Second and Fifth Corps lost over five thousand men, while it
is probable that the enemy did not lose one thousand."
Mott's Division of the Second Corps had been sent to the
left and was formed in line of battle between the left of the
Sixth Corps and the right of the Ninth, early in the day. At
the same time as one of the charges made by the Nineteenth,
Mott's Division, and twelve picked regiments under the com
mand of Colonel Emery Upton, charged at different places to
the left of the Spottsylvania road. General Mott was unable
to accomplish anythin'g, but the troops under Upton won im
perishable renown. They captured the enemy's works, in
cluding over a thousand prisoners, but, not being properly
supported, were compelled to fall back. This gallant attack
of Upton's is mentioned in order to record the fact that the
Fifth and Sixth Maine Volunteers formed a portion of Upton's
storming party and won honor on the field of battle for the
Pine Tree State.
There had been no losses in the Regiment since leaving
the WUderness battlefield, untU May loth. The loss would
have been much heavier on this day had it not been that
we were partially screened from sight by the dense woods
in front. The Regiment with the rest of Webb's Brigade threw
up works during the night and remained in position with
the other Brigades of the Division during the nth. There
was no heavy engagement on this day but the troops

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 1 53
upon both sides were constantly engaged in constructing and
strengthening their intrenchments and each seeking for a
weak point in the other's position. The sharpshooters of the
enemy commanded completely the position of our line of
battle. In the afternoon of May nth, it rained hard, and
late in the evening word was passed along the line to get ready
to move with the utmost quiet and secrecy. Sometime before
midnight our Division of the Second Corps, having been pre
ceded by the First and Third, much earlier in the evening,
started toward the rear and left of the line of battle and soon
after midnight the Nineteenth, with Webb's Brigade, reached
the ground of Mott's futile attack, on the left, near Brown's
house, on the preceding afternoon. Orders were issued that
strict silence must be observed throughout the entire command
during this march to the left. Arms and accoutrements,
canteens, haversacks and tin dippers were to be carried so as
to make no noise, and all commands were given in whispers.
Staff officers were seen whispering to regimental commanders
and pointing the way. The movement over rough ground
and through woods was necessarily slow, with frequent halts,
at which time the men, worn out by loss of sleep, and the
terrible nervous strain which they had endured during the
past eight days, would drop down for a moment's rest and
fall asleep almost as soon as they touched the ground. A
particularly laughable incident took place during one of the
halts. A pack mule, on which was strapped blankets and
cooking utensils, of some officer's mess, had become frightened
at something far in the advance, and had broken away from
his darkey attendant. The mule came galloping back be
tween us and the enemy, but hugging close to Gibbon's
Division. The kettles and frying pans struck the trees along
the mule's flight and every few leaps the mule let off panic-
stricken brays that could be heard a mile, followed by dis
embowelled groans, that struck terror to the hearts of the
tired soldiers. It seemed for a minute as though a legion of
devils armed with frying pans and mounted on mules were
charging the Union lines. Some regiments started on the
run through the woods as though his Satanic Majesty was

154 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
after them. Fortunately no shots were fired in the excite
ment and the stampede was soon checked.
During the day an order was promulgated, stating that
Butler had captured Petersburg and that Sherman had
whipped Joe Johnston somewhere in Georgia, all of which
was encouraging to the men, but none of which was true.
It had been a long, tiresome march; but, in fact, the
Division when it formed in line of battle in the early morning of
the 1 2th, was not more than a mile and a half to the left of its
position on the preceding day. The old Second Corps was to
assault the salient, — the projecting angle of the Confederate
fortification — which had been pushed out to the north, nearly
to the Landron house. This portion of the Confederate line
was held by "Stonewall" Jackson's old Corps, now commanded
by Ewell. The Union lines of battle were formed before
light, to the south of the Brown house and in front of some
abandoned intrenchments. There was a clearing which ran
from the vicinity of the Brown house to the Landron house,
which was a little to the left of the ground over which the
charge was to be made. Aside from this clearing, which
curved to the right, looking from Brown's to Landron's on
toward the enemy, the ground in front was thickly wooded.
Barlow's Division, which had done such brilliant work south
of the Po River on the loth, was given the place of honor in
leading the charge.
The troops of the Second Corps were now formed for the
grand assault. Birney's Division was placed on the right in
two lines of battle, separated by a few paces. Barlow's
Division was placed on Birney's left, in column of regiments,
doubled on the center. Mott's Division was formed in Bir
ney's rear in single line of battle. Gibbon's Division was
formed in two lines of battle, Webb's Brigade being in the
second line and the Division being in the rear and extending the
whole length of the line occupied by Birney and Barlow.
Here was an almost solid rectangular mass of nearly twenty
thousand men to charge against the enemy's works. The
same tactics, only on a larger scale, were to be employed that
Upton used two days before. As soon as it was light enough

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA I55
to see anything (for there was a dense fog at the time), the
whole Corps stepped oft' together.
Webb's Brigade was in the rear line of battle on the ex
treme right, and, however solicitous the men of the old Nine
teenth might have been for glory, no loud complaints were
heard that morning because the Regiment was not in the front
line. The charging column had to travel about three-quarters
of a mUe from its starting point to the enemy's line of works.
The Regiment had to struggle through thickets, over fallen
timber and across boggy ground, which retarded the advance
and disarranged the lines. The distance was covered, how
ever, in an incredibly short space of time. Nothing was
heard until the Confederate picket reserve at the Landron
house fired into the left flank of Barlow's men, killing and
wounding several. As soon as the men in front could see the
works at the salient they burst into a loud cheer and rushed
forward. The shot and shell from the Confederate lines
generally passed over the heads of the Regiment. Webb's
line hurried forward and when, without much regard to for
mation, it reached the enemy's intrenchments, a terrible con
test was raging. Many prisoners had passed over the breast
works on their way to the rear. The writer remembers well
of seeing Anson Turner, a private in Company F, step up to
a Confederate officer and slap him on the shoulder, hard
enough to fairly stagger him, and shout: "How are you,
Johnny Reb, this morning? I am d  d glad to see you."
The officer did not reciprocate this friendly greeting. General
Hancock had lost his hat and was seen bareheaded long before
the troops reached the works. The Regiment climbed over
the breastworks and joined in the wild pursuit. Some of the
enemy had retreated, hastily firing as they went. Major
Welch was severely wounded near the breastworks, but not
untfl he had captured the flag of the Thirty-third Virginia, a
regiment which belonged to the "Stonewall" brigade, com
manded then by General Walker, who escaped capture.
Major Welch took the flag to the rear and this practically
ended his military service at the front. On May 30th Major
Welch addressed a letter to General Hancock, from Armory

156 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Square Hospital, Washington, where he was being treated
for his wound, stating that he then had the flag of the Thirty-
third Virginia with him, which he captured May 12th. Major
Welch stated that the occasion of writing this letter was that
he learned that General Hancock had been making inquiries
about the flag. Major Welch further stated that he had in
tended to send the flag to the Governor of Maine, but would
do as Hancock might direct. A peppery indorsement was
made on this letter by General Meade, alleging that, under the
circumstances, Major Welch's conduct in carrying the flag to
Washington was "exceedingly reprehensible." The flag was
returned, but no fair-minded man believes that Meade's
indorsement was justified, even if the army regulations had
not been strictly observed.
While pursuing the enemy between the salient and the
McCool house, our Brigade commander, Gen. Webb, who was
a most popular and deserving officer, was severely wounded in
the head and was borne from the field. The Confederates
rallied near a second line of breastworks. General Lee came
near being captured here. The Union lines were thoroughly
disorganized, each man fighting independently, and our men
were forced back slowly toward the line of works which had
been first taken. Up to this time the attack had been a
brilliant success. The charge and pursuit had continued for
nearly two miles. All semblance of regimental formation
had disappeared and when the well organized counter attack
was made by the enemy, the Union troops fell back and took
refuge behind the captured works. These offered a good
protection from the furious assaults of the enemy during the
day. Mott now had the right of the Second Corps line
connecting with the Sixth Corps, Birney came next, then
Gibbon, and Barlow held the left of the line. When the
lines were reformed behind the captured works it was be
tween five and six o'clock.
In this assault, the Second Corps had captured 4,000
prisoners, upward of thirty stands of colors and eighteen
cannon. Among the prisoners were Major-General Edward
Johnson and Brigadier-General George H. Steuart. The

Alexander S. Webb,
Brevet Major-General, U. S. A. and U. S. V.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA I57
enemy's strong line of works for nearly a mile had been
captured and was retained during the day. Johnson was a
graduate of West Point and was there with General Hancock.
When he, with the other prisoners, went to the rear, Hancock
at once stepped forward and, in that graceful and courtly
manner so familiar to his soldiers, extended his hand, say
ing: "General Johnson, I am glad to see you." Johnson
took his hand, and with tears coursing down his face, replied:
"General Hancock, this is worse than death to me." With
a smUe on his face, Hancock answered: "This is the fate
of war. General, and you must not forget that you are a sol
dier." He then turned and cordially offered his hand to
Steuart, who drew back and remarked: "Under the cir
cumstances, I decHne to take your hand." Quickly came
the response from General Hancock: "Under any other cir
cumstances, sir, it would not have been offered." General
Hancock then turned his back on Steuart and entered into
conversation with Johnson, and shortly after ordered Captain
Mitchell, one of his Aides, to supply General Johnson with a
horse and accompany him to Meade's headquarters. Colonel
Joseph N. Brown, of the Fourteenth South Carolina Regiment,
commanding McGowan's Brigade that day, states in a letter
of recent date that he heard Johnson, after his exchange, relate
the above conversation which took place between General
Hancock and himself, and Hancock and Steuart. Colonel
Brown writes of Johnson that he was "one of 'Stonewall' Jack
son's generals on whom, next to Ewell, Lee greatly relied." He
was much of a gentleman, as well as a brave soldier. He
died in Richmond in 1880." Steuart resided in retirement
after the close of the war in Anne Arundel County, Maryland,
where he died near the close of 1903.
At six o'clock in the morning, General Wright's column,
comprising a portion of the Sixth Corps, marched upon the
field and was conducted by one of Hancock's staff
officers to the right of Gibbon's Division, where the fighting
was desperate. While at this point of observation, a shell
exploded and a piece of it hit Wright upon the thigh,
but he did not leave the field. A few minutes afterward

158 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Brigadier-General L. A. Grant's Vermont Brigade marched up
close to the works and was ordered to support Gibbon's
Division, and he also relieved a portion of Barlow's line.
The Confederate intrenchments were built of large logs,
piled several thick, one upon the other, and the spaces be
tween them fiUed in with dirt. It was as high as a man's
head and its width and solidity made it a formidable obstacle.
There was an abattis in front along a portion of the line, sub
stantially buUt.'
Soon after the works were captured it began to rain.
There was some thunder and heavy showers, especially in
the forenoon, and the warm, damp air mingled with the
smoke of the battle made it difficult to see far in advance.
Late in the afternoon it rained steadily.
Who can describe that desperate struggle of May 12, 1864?
Able writers have attempted to give graphic accounts of the
engagement. It was probably the fiercest battle of the war.
From four o'clock in the morning until after midnight, twenty
long hours, the battle raged furiously and continuously. The
works captured by the Second Corps in the morning were held
by that Corps and the Sixth during the day. The enemy
sought to recover these works. Repeated unsuccessful
charges were made against them during the day. Along these
breastworks for nearly a mUe, in a drenching rain, with the
Confederates on one side and the Union soldiers on the other,
firing directly into each others faces, the awful contest was
waged. Bayonet thrusts were given across the intrenchments
and soldiers reversed their rifles and clubbed each other over
the head. Wounded men, bleeding, and blackened with the
smoke of battle, were limping and crawling to the rear.
Squads of Confederates at first placed dirty handkerchiefs on
their bayonets, and when near our lines, lowered their rifles
and fired into our faces. The same trick did not work, how
ever, a little later, when tried the second time. During the
day ammunition was brought in boxes on men's shoulders and
1 In 1902, the writer visited this battlefield, and these works,
after thirty-eight years, were in many places more than four feet
high, and he brought away many pieces of shell aad bullets taken
from the intrenchments.

W'"

.y '

O

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<:¦a o
_oS

X
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BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 1 59
passed to the men. Some men of the Regiment fired two
hundred rounds of cartridges each that day.
ArtUlery was brought up in the morning and the guns
were planted on elevated ground in the rear of the Union
lines and shot and exploding shells were fired over the heads
of the troops. In a few places guns were pushed up close to
our lines, where they poured canister into the faces of the
Confederates. A section of Brown's Battery (B), First Rhode
Island, took position on the right of our Division and very near
the Nineteenth and did excellent service during the day. A gun
with six horses attached went galloping into position in the
rear of the Brigade with one horse dead and dragged along by
the others. Large standing trees were literaUy cut down by
infantry fire and small trees and limbs were whipped into
splinters. The dead in front of our lines, in some places,
were pUed two and three deep, the wounded so helpless that
they could not crawl away, and the mangled, torn and bleeding
forms were sights never to be forgotten on earth.
Between nine o'clock in the evening and midnight the
Regiment got together, in a low place in the woods, a short
distance to the rear of our line of battle. The men had been
scattered during the day along the Brigade, if not along the
whole Division front. The confusion and mingling of the
different organizations in the morning's charge had not been
entirely repaired during the progress of the battle. While
the firing in front had somewhat slackened after dark, it had
not wholly ceased untU after midnight. It was a dirty and
despondent crowd of soldiers who gathered about the smoul
dering fires, made their coffee and recounted the experiences
of the day. Some members of the Regiment went back to the
field hospitals to hunt for wounded comrades, and the others
dropped upon the wet ground and went to sleep.
What a tired, wet, dirty, hungry crowd the Regiment was
on the morning of the 13th of May! What a contrast between
its appearance then and eight days before! Colonel Connor,
Major Welch, Captains Parsons, Whitehouse and Smart, and
Lieutenants Emery, Palmer, Pierce and Nye had been wound
ed. Many familiar faces were missing among the rank and

i6o

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

file. It would be many months before the Regiment would
again see the soldieriy form of General Webb, and in the
death of General Sedgwick, who had formeriy commanded our
(Second) Division of the Second Corps, many felt a personal
bereavement. General Francis A. Walker, who served on Hancock's
staff as Assistant Adjutant-General, in discussing the struggle
of the enemy for the recovery of the salient, writes: "Never
since the discovery of gunpowder had such a mass of lead been
hurled into a space so narrow" as that covered by the day's
operations of the Second Corps. A large oak tree was cut
down by the bullets in front of, and just to the right of, the
Brigade. Many of the Regiment saw the fallen tree during the
afternoon. The stump of this tree can still be seen in the
National Museum at Washington, where it stands with this
inscription: "Section of an oak, about two and a half feet
through, which stood within the Confederate intrenchments
near Spottsylvania Court House, which was cut down by
musket balls during the attempt to recapture the works,
previously carried by theSecond Corps, Army of the Potomac."
On this morning the Regiment, under the command of
Captain Nash, advanced to the front, where it remained all day.
The Fifth Corps occupied the right of the line, then the Sixth,
Second and Ninth, and all crowded into the space around the
historic "angle" and extending from the Ny river on the left
to the Todd's Tavern road on the right, near the point where
General Sedgwick was killed three days before. Russell's
Division of the Sixth Corps occupied the salient. Owen's
Brigade, under General Carroll, was put upon the skirmish line
and pushed forward near the McCool House. The enemy had
retired during the night to a new line of works constructed
near what was called the Harrison house, being about one-half
mile south of its position occupied the previous morning.
General Carroll, who was suffering from a wound received in the
Wilderness, was again severely wounded while urging forward
the brigade of skirmishers which he commanded. This time
he was wounded in the left arm, the rifle ball completely de
stroying the elbow. He had been Colonel of the Eighth Ohio

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA l6l
Volunteers. Spottsylvania was General Carroll's last battle.
He was a brave officer and very popular with his men. His
familiar figure was sadly missed by the Nineteenth Maine, al
though the Regiment was never under his immediate command.
This day the Third and Fourth Divisions of the Corps, com
manded by Generals Birney and Mott, respectively, were con
solidated under the command of General Birney. Mott was
assigned to the command of one of the Brigades. General
Meade issued a circular on the 13th congratulating the army on
its success in the last eight days' contest, and especially on the
brilliant victory of the 12th at the salient. He recounted the
surmise that the enemy had " abandoned the last intrenched
position," but the soldiers knew that he had constructed
another line of works, equally strong, four or five hundred
yards in the rear of those captured by the Second Corps on
the preceding day.
The First and Second Brigades of our Division were ad
vanced in front of the captured works and the Third Brigade
held in reserve. A strong skirmish line was advanced and
developed the enemy's new position, in front of which were the
Confederate skirmishers. The Regiment suffered no loss
during the day and was relieved during the night. On the
14th of May the Regiment was in line of battle all day. The
batteries at, and to the right of, the Landron house opened
fire upon the enemy in the very early morning. Between
seven and eight o'clock a strong skirmish line from the First
Division advanced up very near to the enemy's works and
remained there firing all day. At five o'clock in the morning
of May 15th, our Division, preceded by Barlow's, marched to
the rear and to the left, passing near Army headquarters.
These two Divisions went as far as the Fredericksburg road,
and just at night our Division marched a portion of the way
back towards its position in the morning, where it rested all
night. The Regiment had a good rest on May i6th until
nearly five o'clock in the afternoon. Then the Division
packed up and marched to the Cousins house, which was
outside of the picket line and several miles to the rear of the
right of the Union line of battle. Here were the Second and

1 62 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Sixth Corps hospitals, which the Confederates had had pos
session of and rifled, and which the Division removed with
teams and ambulances within the Union lines. On this day
General Tyler's Division of heavy artillery, from the defense of
Washington, and the Corcoran Legion, consisting of four
Irish regiments from New York, comprising in all about 8,000
men, were assigned to the Second Corps. Among the heavy
artillery regiments of this Division was the First Maine, under
command of Colonel Daniel Chaplin. On May 17th the Regi
ment rested until about eleven o'clock in the evening, when it
fell in with the Division and moved toward the right and the
front. All night troops were marching up and forming in the
vicinity of the place where our Regiment halted, and among
the troops the Corcoran Legion was particulariy noticeable
by reason of their brilliantly colored uniforms.
Colonel H. B. McKeen, Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volun
teers, was here assigned to the command of the First Brigade
of the Second Division, and commanded the Brigade until the
battle of Cold Harbor.
In the early morning of May i8th, the Regiment found
itself near the same place where it charged at daybreak May
1 2th. The space in front of and to the right of the Landron
house was filled with the troops of the Second Corps. The
Sixth Corps was on the right and occupied the old works to
the east of the salient. Barlow's Division joined the Second
Division on the left, and the Sixth Corps on the right. The
Division was formed for the charge with the First and Fourth
Brigades in the front. The First was on the left and adjoining
Barlow's Division. The Nineteenth had position on the left
of the Brigade and was today in command of Captain Nash.
The Fourth Brigade was made up of the Corcoran Legion and
was placed in line on the right of the First Brigade. Owen's
and Smyth's Brigades, the Second and Third, were formed in
the rear in line of battalions en masse. The old Regiment
found itself in the front line of battle and facing a serious and
doubtful proposition. At a little after four o'clock in the
morning, the lines of battle moved out over the works and to-

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 1 63
ward the old McCool house. When they came into the clear
ing to the north and east of that house, the enemy opened
with shell and canister. The Confederates were posted in
strong works, their front being completely covered by fallen
trees and slashing. Some of the troops near the center of
the Division were protected by thick woods in front, which
prevented the enemy from reaching all portions of the Di
vision line. The enemy's fire, however, was so heavy that the
troops made but little headway and were forced to retire.
Many of the regiments had not fired a gun. The Corcoran
Legion on the right, when it came to falling back, did not
wait upon the order of their going. Owen's Brigade in the
rear behaved so badly that General Gibbon later preferred
charges against Owen for disobedience of orders. The Regi
ment lost about fifteen men in wounded and prisoners.
Strange as it may seem, one or two men belonging to the
Regiment were taken prisoners. Another useless and foolish
charge had been made without accomplishing anything,
unless it was to determine that the enemy was still there and
able to defend his works. Neither Wright nor Burnside suc
ceeded in getting very near the enemy's works. General
Humphreys speaks of the wounded of the i8th of May as
"almost entirely of the Second Corps," so one would natu
rally suppose that neither Wright nor Burnside advanced very
far that morning. The ground in some places was nearly
covered with dead soldiers who had fallen on the 12th and
had lain there unburied and exposed to the hot sun for six
days. All the way from the old intrenchments to the McCool
house were thousands of dead soldiers and many dead horses.
The dead men were nearly all black in the face and bloated,
and the stench that came from the battlefield made many of
the soldiers extremely sick. It was a pitiful and hideous sight!
About nine o'clock that evening, the Regiment started
with the Division and marched to the rear and the left and
went nearly the whole length of the Union line, crossed the
Fredericksburg and Spottsylvania road and halted near
Anderson's mill, on the south side of the Ny river. This place
was three miles from the Court House. The Corps all as-

164 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
sembled near this point, except the Fourth Division, and the
Nineteenth went on picket. About six o'clock the next after
noon. May 19th, EweU's Corps made an attack upon Tyler's
Division near the Harris house on the Fredericksburg road,
north of the Ny river and in the rear of the Union lines.
Birney's Division was hurried off to the relief of Tyler. Con
siderable excitement was caused by this attack in the rear, as
the firing could be plainly heard by the Regiment. General
Hancock galloped off and took command of the troops in the
engagement. It was a sharp and short fight, and Ewell was
driven off. This was the first engagement of the First Maine
Heavy Artillery and its loss was large, but it acquitted it
self with honor.
It was on May 19th that the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin
Regiment joined our Brigade. It was a large and splendid
Regiment and its brave Colonel, Frank A. Haskell, com
manded the Brigade for a few hours at Cold Harbor the
next month, where he was killed.
The Regiment remained on picket until the evening of
the 19th, when it was relieved and marched to the rear. A
welcome maU was delivered, and after supper the boys sat
around the fires reading letters from home. Here we rested
until the evening of May 20th.
The Union forces had now been fighting around Spottsyl
vania Court House for twelve days. The losses in the Regi
ment had been severe, as the following list will show:
CASUALTIES AT BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA.
(Including Po River) May Sth to 18th, 1864.
Major James W. Welch, wounded. May 12th; Captain Nehemiah
Smart, Company E, wounded. May 12th; First Lieutenant George R.
Palmer, Company I, wounded. May 10th; Second Lieutenant Henry
W. Nye, Company C, wounded. May 12.
Co-mpany A.
Sergeant Leonard H. Washburn, killed. May 10th; George H.
Hussey, killed. May 12th; Loring W. Willey, killed. May 10th; Charles
H. Bigelow, wounded. May 12th; William Blake, wounded. May 12th;
John Donahue, wounded. May 10th; Franklin Eastman, wounded.
May 10th; Charles H. Groves, wounded, May 12th; Robert W.
Groves, wounded. May llth; Thomas J. Hurley, wounded. May 10th;

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 165
Amos R. Jones, wounded. May 12th; Stephen D. Morrill, wounded.
May 10th; Robert Sumner, wounded. May 10th; Benjamin F. Shaw,
wounded. May 10th; George E. Stevens, wounded. May 10th.
Company B.
Andrew J. Knowles, killed, May 12th; Edgar S. Batchelder,
wounded, May 12th; Wilbur Crockett, wounded. May 12th, died
Columbia Hospital, Washington, June 23d, 1864; Orson E. Crum
mett, wotmded. May 12th, died, June 9th, 1864; Charles F. French,
wounded. May 12th,; Corporal Washington Patterson, wounded.
May 12th; Corporal Walter B. Shaw, wounded May 12th; Loran
Waltz, wounded. May 12th; Benjamin F. Ward, wounded. May 12th.
Company C.
Asa Plummer, killed, May 12th; Sergeant Eugene A. Boulter,
wounded. May 10th; Corporal Russell B. Gray, wounded. May 10th;
Mayo Bickmore, wounded. May 18th; Reuben A. Huse, wounded.
May 12th; Nathan D. Hoxie, wounded. May 12th; Charles Manter,
wounded. May 12th; John G. Pierce, taken prisoner. May 12th.
Company D.
Adolph Bohnn, wounded. May 10th; George H. Day, wounded
May 18th; Enoch HolUs, Jr., wounded. May 10th.
Company E.
Corporal Robert F. Staples, killed. May 12th; Thomas S. Blan
chard, killed. May 12th; WilUam J. Colson, killed. May 12th; Cor
poral John B. Campbell, wounded. May 10th; A. J. Curtis, wounded.
May 12th; Harvey T. Herris (or Harris), wounded. May 12th; Alpheus
F. Morman, wounded. May 10th; Parish L. Strout, wounded. May
12th; Corporal Fred A. Nickerson, taken prisoner. May 12th, also
reported killed in action. May 12th.
Co-mpany F.
Sergeant Walter Jerald, wounded. May 12th; Samuel T. Blake,
wounded. May 12th, died, July Sth; Michael King, wounded. May 10th;
Addison D. Gilbert, prisoner. May 12th; Patrick Sweeney, taken
prisoner. May 12th, died in Andersonville Prison, August 27th.
Co-mpany G.
Sergeant William P. Worthing, wounded. May 12th; Benjamin
R. Marston, wounded, May 12th; William B. Small, wounded. May
12th. Company H .
Martin V. B. Dodge, killed. May 12th; Luke T. Richardson,
kiUed, May 12th; Corporal H. H. Murphy, wounded. May 12th;
Corporal John H. Pollard, wounded. May 12th, died at Finley Hos
pital, Washington, May 29th; Corporal James L. Small, wounded.
May 18th; Jackson Cayford, wounded. May 18th; Albert V. French,
wotmded. May 12th; John Huntley, wounded. May 10th; Nahum
B. Pinkham, wounded. May 10th; George Tucker, wounded. May
10th.

i66

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Co-mpany I.
John H. Dixon, killed. May 10th; John Reed, killed. May 10th-
Sergeant George E. Holmes, wounded. May 12th, died June ISth-
John Emerson, wounded. May 12th; Edwin S. Jacobs, wounded
May 10th; William H. Hall, wounded, May 10th, died in Washing
ton from amputation, September Sth; William H. Little, wounded.
May 12th; Freeman G. Pierce, wounded. May 12th.
Company K.
Ezra L. Fowles, killed. May 9th; Philander H. Tobie, killed.
May 12th; Corporal Lawrence J. Rourke, wounded. May 12th, died
of wounds. May 28th; Corporal Weld Sergeant, wounded. May
12th, and died of wounds July 6th, '64; Charles Holmes, wounded.
May 9th; Willis M. Porter, wounded. May 12th; Josiah H. Porter,
wounded. May 12th; James R. Wallace, wounded. May 12th.
RECAPITULATION.
Killed and mortally wounded 21
Wounded, not fataUy S6
Prisoners, two of whom died in captivity S
Total 82
One of the lamentable incidents connected with the bat
tle of Spottsylvania was the death of General Sedgwick. He
was killed on the morning of May 9th by a Confederate sharp
shooter. He had for a long time commanded our Division
prior to the battle of Antietam where he was wounded. Gen
eral Sedgwick had been offered the command of the Army of
the Potomac one or more times but his modesty prevented his
acceptance. He was a brave, conscientious officer, beloved
of his soldiers, and in his death the country suffered a serious
loss. General H. G. Wright succeeded to the command of the
Sixth Corps.
When the army was preparing to leave the vicinity of
Spottsylvania, the companies of the Regiment were commanded
by the following officers, viz: Company A, Lieutenant Tucker;
Company B, Lieutenant Hinkley; Company C, Captain
Nash; Company D, Sergeant Lord; Company E, Sergeant
Sawyer; Company F, Lieutenant Small; Company G, Lieu
tenant Farr; Company H, Lieutenant Garland; Company I,
Lieutenant Carver, and Company K, Captain Bunker.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 1 67
After Major Welch was wounded untU June i8th, the
Regiment was in command of Captains Nash, Fogler and
Bunker. Captain Fogler returned to the Regiment about
May 29th, and was in command only three or four days when
he was wounded and left the Regiment. Captain Starbird
during this time was on the staff of the General commanding
the First Brigade of the Fourth Division. Captain Burpee and
Lieutenants White and Page were also on detached service.
Whatever may be said about the plan and the results of the
Battle of Spottsylvania, there was a series of blunders on the
part of the Union forces in getting there from the Wilderness
battlefield. It has been the fashion for historians of the CivU War to
write partisan history, to pervert facts for selfish ends. North
ern writers have attempted to belittle the ability of Confederate
officers and attribute Confederate victories to accident, rather
than to skill and bravery. Southern writers have attempted
to exaggerate their victories and minimize their defeats. It
is the victor who counts the dead and writes history. To the
conquered there remains only the painful regret. Surely we
are sufficiently far removed from those perilous days and are
ripe enough in experience to view the events of the war without
prejudice and to record the facts of history with due regard
to the truth. To Ulustrate what I mean. General Grant, in
his Memoirs, states that during the night of May 6th "Lee's
army withdrew within their intrenchments" and during the
next day "showed no disposition to come out of his works."'
On the other hand. General Lee reported to his government
that Grant's army had withdrawn to their intrenchments on
the Brock road. Both of these officers stated one side of the
truth. Neither army had any intrenchments except what had
been hastily constructed during the battle. Pray, why should
General Lee accommodate General Grant by coming out from
behind his rifle pits and allow the Army of the Potomac, ex
ceeding in number the Army of Northern Virginia by two to
one, to shoot them from behind the Union intrenchments on
the Brock road? General Grant had stated before crossing the
1 Personal Memoirs, Vol. 2, p. 202.

l68 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Rapidan that his "objective point" would be General Lee's
army. He had no difficulty in finding the "objective point."
As a matter of fact, May 7th was gladly accepted by both
armies as a day of comparative rest.
The Confederate Army was successful in marching around
our left flank and securing a strong position at Spottsylvania
Court House, very much to our discomfiture. General Grant
and other writers attribute this to an "accident." General
Grant states, in his Memoirs, that "Lee, by accident, beat
us to Spottsylvania. ... He ordered Longstreet's
Corps — now commanded by Anderson — to move in the morn
ing (the 8th) to Spottsylvania. But the woods being on fire,
Anderson could not go into bivouac and marched directly on
to his destination that night. By this accident, Lee got
possession of Spottsylvania."' In 1879, General Anderson,
then an old man, in a letter in which he said he had no papers
with which to refresh his "treacherous memory," made state
ments which might justify the quoted comments of General
Grant. Fortunately, however, we have some data preserved
in the published Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies. General Anderson's Corps was the advance guard of
the Confederate infantry from the WUderness to Spottsylvania.
General Lee's order to Anderson cannot be found. The order
of General Lee to General Ewell has been published.^ The
order is signed by W. H. Taylor, Lee's Assistant Adjutant-
General, and is dated May 7th, 1864, 7 p. m. It is directed to
Lieutenant-General Ewell, Commanding Corps, and reads as
follows: "General Lee directs me to say that he has instructed
General Anderson to put Longstreet's Corps in motion for
Spottsylvania Court House as soon as he can withdraw it from
its present position.^ He will proceed either by Todd's Tavern
or Shady Grove Church, as circumstances may determine.
The General desires you to be prepared to follow with your
command," etc.
Unfortunately, General Anderson made no report covering
this period. General Pendleton, the Confederate Chief of
1 Volume 2, page 211.
2 Volume 36: Part 2, page 968.
3 The italics are ours.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 169
Artillery, in his report states that the artillery of the First
Corps (Anderson's) received orders to march to Spottsylvania
the night of May 7th. So General Lee beating us to Spottsyl
vania would appear to have been the result of design, rather
than an accident.
General Badeau and other writers from our side of the
controversy have declared that Lee had the shorter route to
Spottsylvania Court House. The shortest road from the
Wilderness battlefield to Spottsylvania Court House is by the
Brock road south to Todd's Tavern, and foUowing the same
road from Todd's southeasterly to the Court House. The Union
Army held the Brock road on the night of May 7th as far as
Todd's Tavern. General Humphreys, one of the most careful
writers of that period, is honest enough to admit in his history
of this campaign that the left of Hancock's Corps was two or
three miles nearer the Court House than the right of Longstreet's
Corps by the shortest route that the Corps could take.
The writer has been in correspondence with General
E. M.Law, now residing in Florida, who commanded a Brigade,
and temporarily a division in Longstreet's Corps. Under
date of June 29th, 1904, General Law wrote as follows:
"We always regarded May 7th as a rest day. We were
ready to continue the fight if you should attack, but it seemed
to be a waiting game to see what the other side would do.
General Grant's statement that General Lee showed no dis
position to come out of his works on that day is manifestly an
unfair statement, if he means anything more than that both
armies were perfectly willing to rest on May 7th behind their
hastily constructed works. General Anderson, commanding
Longstreet's corps, was ordered late in the afternoon of May
7th by General Lee to put his corps in motion for the Spottsyl
vania Court House as soon as he could withdraw it from its
position. I think we started about ten p. m. The shortest
line was by the Brock road, which your troops held. We had
the longer route. We marched by Corbin's bridge, on Shady
Grove road. When we reached the vicinity of Spottsylvania,
we found General Fitz Lee being forced back by the Federal
cavalry, supported by the infantry. We placed ourselves

'70 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
squarely across the track and from that point the lines around
Spottsylvania developed."
The writer regards this statement of General Law as an
absolutely fair one.
Now what was the reason that General Meade's plans were
thwarted? On May 7th, at half-past six o'clock in the morn
ing. General Grant issued an order to General Meade to make
preparations during the day for a night march of the army. One
Corps was to take a position at Spottsylvania Court House, and
one Corps at Mr. Alsop's house, about half way between the
other two Corps. He merely suggested to General Meade
that Warren should have the advance and that Hancock should
follow. General Burnside was to move to Piney Branch church
within supporting distance of the other Corps. At three
o'clock of the same afternoon General Meade issued his orders
to General Sheridan and the different Corps commanders, and
the start was to be made at half-past eight o'clock by General
Warren down the Brock road, and his destination was the
Court House. General Sedgwick was to march at the same
hour for his position near Alsop's, by way of Chancellorsville.
General Hancock was to follow closely Warren's Corps upon
the Brock road, and take a position at Todd's Tavern. Gen
eral Sheridan was to keep the roads open and advise the Corps
commanders of the approach of the enemy. He had a copy of
General Meade's order. General Meade reached Todd's
Tavern in company with General Grant at midnight. They
found Gregg's Cavalry Division there, and General Merritt was
a little beyond Todd's in the road to Spottsylvania. Neither
Gregg nor Merritt had received any orders from General Sheri
dan. At one o'clock in the morning of May 8th, General Meade
issued his orders for General Merritt to push his command on
beyond Spottsylvania Court House, and for Gregg to move
to the vicinity of Corbin's bridge and there to watch in the
direction of Parker's store, over which road the Confederates
would have to march to reach the Court House. General
Sheridan was notified by some one of these orders issued by
General Meade. When General Merritt started out to execute
General Meade's orders he found himself opposed on the Brock

BATTLE OF SPOTTTSYLVANIA I7I
road by the Confederate cavalry under General Fitzhugh Lee.
General Gregg in attempting to reach Corbin's bridge also met
with opposition, for the Confederate infantry were hurrying
along by Corbin's bridge and on the Shady Grove road, hav
ing anticipated the movements of the Army of the Potomac.
General Sheridan complains in his Memoirs that affairs
would not have turned out as they did, had not General Meade
countermanded his orders to Gregg and Merritt. According
to General Sheridan's own admissions, his orders to Gregg and
Merritt were not issued until the early morning of May Sth, and
in those orders he directed Gregg to move at daylight and cross
the Po River at Corbin's bridge, and General Merritt to move
down the Brock road at daylight. When we remember that
at daylight on the morning of May Sth, Anderson's Corps had
passed Corbin's bridge and was well on its way to Spottsyl
vania, and that Merritt moving three hours earlier than Sheri
dan had ordered him to move, and over the same road, was un
able to make much headway until the head of Warren's Corps
appeared, it does not seem that General Sheridan either ap
preciated the situation then or was wiUing to acknowledge
his mistake afterwards. General Humphreys candid and
scholarly review of this controversy is commended to the
consideration of persons who desire to get at the facts of the
case.' The crossing of the Po on May 9th by the Second Corps in
its movement upon the left flank and rear of the Confederate
Army was a brUliant and strategic move. But the wisdom of
that movement seems very doubtful, considering the fact that
as soon as the Second Corps seemed to be successful, two of the
Divisions were hastily withdrawn across the Po and carried to
the left to make useless charges against the Confederate works,
leaving the brave Barlow with his Division south of the Po to
meet the onslaughts of Heth's Division of infantry.
Lieutenant-General Grant, when he took command of the
Armies of the United States, and made his headquarters with
the Army of the Potomac, did not contemplate attending
to the details of the military movements. As a rule, he in-
1 The Virginia Campaign of '64 and '65, pp. 67 to 70.

172 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
dicated to General Meade, in general terms, what he desired,
and that officer attended to the detaUs of the operation.
Through General Grant's orders, the various armies were in
tended to move like clock-work. General Sherman was to
advance from Chattanooga, the same day that the Army of the
Potomac crossed the Rapidan. Orders were also issued to
General Crook in West Virginia, General Sigel in the Valley,
General Banks on the lower Mississippi, General Steele on
the Red river and General Butler, commanding on the James
river. It was intended that the movements of all these
armies should be as neariy simultaneous as possible. Men
everywhere acknowledge the comprehensive grasp and the ex
ecutive abihty displayed by General Grant from the day he took
command of the armies of the Union. No one would detract
from the world-wide fame and honor so justly his due.
Whether the foregoing criticisms on the movements of the
Army of the Potomac during May, 1864, are just, the impartial
student and historian of the future must determine.
On May 20th, an event took place which those who
witnessed it will never forget. A young soldier of Company
K, Nineteenth Massachusetts, a regiment belonging to our
Brigade, was shot to death, pursuant to the sentence of a
general court-martial. This young man, when twenty-one
years of age, enlisted from Boston in this regiment and there
after deserted and joined another regiment. He was appre
hended, tried and sentenced by a general court-martial, but,
upon the urgent solicitation of his mother, he was pardoned by
the President. On the 17th of May a circular order had been
issued from Corps headquarters, requiring the summary trial
and punishment of stragglers. WhUe this order provided
that testimony should be taken, it further directed that "no
record need be kept of it." This soldier was charged with having
deserted "his post and the colors of his regiment" at the Wilder
ness and also. May loth, on the Po river. He was acquitted
by the court of the charge of cowardice in the Wilderness, but
found guilty of the charge on the Po river. This meant that
the soldier's courage failed him and that he did not advance
with his regiment. General Meade approved the sentence of

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA 173
death and ordered that it be carried into effect "in the presence
of so much of the Division to which the prisoner belongs as can
be properly assembled." The soldiers of the Nineteenth Maine
were spared the pain of witnessing this soldier's death. Colonel
Charles H. Banes, the Assistant Adjutant-General of our
Brigade, thus describes the scene and criticizes the wisdom of
the proceeding:
"The behavior of this prisoner at his death-scene seemed to give
a denial to the specifications against him. He walked unsupported
in front of the firing party to the place appointed for the execution,
and stood with his back to the grave and his face to the provost guard
When the order to fire was given, he exclaimed. Oh, my poor mother!'
and feU, an example of military severity.
"Whether the effect of an execution for an alleged physical or
moral weakness of this character is beneficial to the service, or at least
is necessary to the preservation of discipline, is a disputed point.
A soldier may act with questionable courage on one occasion and
redeem himself on another. While there are crimes in the army that
appear to merit death, the failure to perform duties from want "of
courage, however detestable the offense, is one that could be held up
to scom very effectually by the continued existence of the culprit in
some position of disgrace, which would at the same time give the
offender an opportunity to recover his reputation on some future
occasion."

174 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

CHAPTER IX.

ON THE NORTH ANNA.
The Second Corps started at two o'clock on the evening of
May 20th for another movement by the left flank, General
Barlow's Division leading, followed by Gibbon's Division.
General Torbert with a small force of cavalry had the advance.
Most of the cavalry under the command of General Sheridan
was absent from the army, now on a raid toward Richmond.
The Corps moved out about three miles near Massaponax
church, and there waited an hour for the cavalry to get off. The
men of the Regiment were supposed to have each fifty rounds
of ammunition. Many of the men threw away all cartridges ex
cept what could be carried in their cartridge boxes, but they
did not advertise it. As one of the boy's expressed it, "When
I fire all the cartridges my cartridge box will hold,I shall not want
any more; or if 1 should want more, 1 can borrow them from the
dead around me." We reached Guiney's station in the early
morning, marching by the old Chandler house, pointed out to
the boys by the colored people as the place where "Stonewall"
Jackson died the year before. Everybody seemed to agree that
we were having an easier time because Jackson was dead.
The line of march for the troops crossed the Fredericksburg and
Richmond railway, and the Regiment hurried to Guiney's and
thence south on the east side of the railroad to Bowling Green
and Milford. Bowling Green, reached before noon of May 2 ist,
was quite a large village. The stores were all closed and mostly
empty, and the houses were all in a somewhat dilapidated
condition. The soldiers broke open some of the stores and
obtained a supply of tobacco, which they needed, and some other
things which they did not need. The jail was broken open be
fore our Regiment arrived, and a negro living there informed us
that two prisoners, "a colored gentleman and a white man,"
had been released. The station at Guiney's had been burned

ON THE NORTH ANNA

•75

by the Union cavalry several days before, and at Bowling
Green and at Milford the cavalry had left evidences of their
visit. At Milford, a pretty little vUlage, a train of cars had
been intercepted and the mail intended for General Lee's Army
was scattered around on the street. There was some fighting
at Milford by General Torbert, but he had driven the enemy out
across the Mattapony river, and prevented them from de
stroying the bridge.
One of General Hancock's orderlies was captured between
Guiney's Station and Milford while carrying back a dispatch
to General Meade. Around Milford there was a good country,
with comfortable and commodious residences. The grain was
up and looking well, and the corn fields showed the corn just
coming out of the ground. There were very few white men
about. The Second Corps crossed back over the railroad near
Milford station and marched south a short distance, and then
crossed the Mattapony river. After following a narrow,
crooked road some distance south, we went into position a
little more than a mile west of the river, facing west toward
the Telegraph road over which EweU's Corps of Confederates
was hastening south. This was a very hard day's march for
the Regiment on account of the dust and heat, the distance
being between twenty and twenty-five miles. The men went
to work with a will and in an incredibly short space of time
had constructed very strong earthworks. Barlow's Division
was on the right of our line, Tyler's Division at the left, Gib
bon's in the center, with Birney in reserve. During the night
there was an alarm caused by some of the new troops imagin
ing that the enemy was attacking them. Private Solomon
0. Pease of Company E was taken prisoner on this date, and
died while a prisoner of war.
On the next day, May 22nd, the Regiment went to the
left of the Brigade and extended the breastworks in that direc
tion, connecting on the left with the Eighth New York Heavy
Artillery. About eight o'clock in the morning of May 23rd
the soldiers fell into line again and left the intrenchments which
they had been constructing with so much pains and started

176 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
south, General Birney's Division leading, followed by the
Fourth Division, and then the Second, and the First Brigade
brought up the rear. The orders promulgated would have
carried the Second Corps to a point where the Telegraph road
crosses the North Anna river. During the forenoon we crossed
a small stream bearing the ambiguous name of "Pole Cat
Creek." General Grant rode a part of the day with General
Hancock at the head of the Second Corps. A little before noon
the column reached Chesterfield. General Torbert had the
advance and was skirmishing with General Rosser's Confeder
ate cavalry. There is a creek running southeasterly and
emptying into the North Anna a short distance west of the
point where the Fredericksburg and Richmond railroad crosses
that river. It is a hilly country both sides of the creek, and
when the Corps reached the vicinity of the creek everybody
thought it was the river. General Hancock reported to
General Meade that his Corps had reached the North Anna at
half-past two and his skirmishers had crossed. We could
hear the whistles of the locomotives on the Virginia Central
railroad, and some of the boys suggested that we might cap
ture the train and start for Maine. The Second Division
crossed to the east side of the railroad, and held the extreme
left flank of the Union line. Some men of the Regiment were
wounded in the afternoon from artiUery firing from the south
side of the North Anna river. The country was open along
the entire length of the Corps line just north of the river and
both sides improved the opportunity for artillery practice.
The enemy exploded a shell among the troops just to the left
and rear of the Nineteenth, which did fearful execution. The
Confederates held the railroad bridge during the night and
burned their end of it, the blaze lasting an hour. Further to
the right General Birney drove the enemy across the river and
prevented their burning the bridge in front of his Division.
This was an ordinary country bridge known as "Chesterfield
bridge," but sometimes erroneously called "Taylor's bridge,"
constructed of plank, with posts on each side, and having a
top rail of one board six or eight inches wide. There is a place
called "TaylorsvUle" a few miles south of this river, on the river

ON THE NORTH ANNA 1 77
road. The bridge was from one hundred to one hundred and
fifty feet long. Captain Spaulding stated in his report that
during the night of May 23rd, the Regiment constructed earth
works near "Taylor's bridge." He was not present at this
time and received his information from others.
On the morning of May 24th a foot bridge was constructed
south of the railroad bridge by the skirmishers in front of
Gibbon's Division, and the skirmish line was pushed to the
south side of the river. Two pontoon bridges were soon laid
and Smyth's Brigade crossed about eight o'clock, quickly
followed by the other Brigades of the Division. An hour later
Birney's Brigades began crossing on the Chesterfield bridge
above described. The Regiment, with the other troops, soon
built a new line of works a short distance from the river.
Smyth's Third Brigade was soon advanced in line of battle and
drove the enemy back into the edge of the woods, where he
was attacked with great fierceness by the enemy. The Nine
teenth Maine was called for about four o'clock in the afternoon
to help out Smyth's Brigade, and later the Fifteenth and
Nineteenth Massachusetts were ordered to report to General
Smyth. The Regiment hurried to the left of the line in the
direction of a large house called the Doswell house. There was
an old barn on the left, considerably nearer the river than the
house, and an old chimney stood some distance to the right
of the Regiment. The Aide who conducted the Regiment in its
hurried march seemed excited and did not know just where we
were wanted. The firing in front was pretty heavy and the
shells were flying over our heads. The batteries on our side
could not do anything to help, owing to the uneven surface of
the ground. The frightened Aide pointed where he thought
the Regiment should make its sacrifice, and disappeared from
sight. The Nineteenth charged up the steep hill and came out
on a plain in front of the Confederate works in the edge of some
woods. There were no troops for some distance to the right
of the Regiment, and none could be seen to the left. The
enemy's works were not more than twenty rods away, and as
soon as the Regiment appeared at the top of the hUl, the men
faced a storm of shot and shell, in the face of which no line of

178 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
battle could live long. Here the Regiment lost heavily and
fell back over the brow of the hUl. This was just after sunset.
Lieutenant O. R. Small and the writer crept up to the top of
the hill and endeavored to get some of the helpless wounded
to the rear and out of danger, but the enemy kept up such a
continuous fire that nothing was accomplished. General
Smyth in his report of this battle acknowledged the assistance
rendered by the Nineteenth Maine. The night before the
Second Corps crossed the North Anna, Warren, who had reach
ed the river shortly before Hancock, crossed without serious
opposition, about three miles above the railroad bridge at
Jericho Mills. The Sixth Corps crossed the river, at the same
place that Warren crossed, to reinforce the Fifth Corps. Burn
side's Ninth Corps, which on this day. May 24th, was formally
incorporated in the Army of the Potomac, held the north bank
of the river between the two crossing places. Stevenson's
Division of this Corps was afterwards thrown across the river
to reinforce the Union right wing, while Potter's Division was
sent to Hancock.
There was a heavy thunder shower in the afternoon, fol
lowed by another the next day. There was also a rain storm in
the forenoon of May 26th. These were the first rains we had
had since May 13th, when in front of the bloody angle at Spott
sylvania. The Regiment fell back and constructed rifle pits during
the night, and the next forenoon, May 25th, rejoined the
Brigade further to the right of the Union line and built another
line of works. Sergeant-Major William A. Wood was taken
prisoner May 24th, while inspecting the picket line in the woods.
He was a splendid young fellow from Bowdoinham, not yet
twenty-one years old, and was liked by everybody in the Regi
ment. He spent many months in Andersonville prison and
died recently at his old home from the result of an accident.
Strenuous efforts were made by General Grant to unite
south of the river the widely separated flanks of his army, but
without avail. Lee's Army held the south bank of the North
Anna for nearly a mile, with both of his flanks thrown back and
resting on natural obstructions. His right flank ran back

ON THE NORTH ANNA 1 79
nearly due south, covering Hanover junction, and rested on an
impenetrable marsh known as 'Sexton's Swamp," while his
left flank running southwesterly rested on Little river. After
the successful passage of the river by the Union Army, General
Lee thrust the center of his army between the two wings of
the Army of the Potomac, putting General Grant at a great
disadvantage, and compelling him, when he desired to reinforce
either wing, to make a double passage of the river. General
Grant in his report simply states that, "finding the enemy's
position on the North Anna stronger than either of his previous
ones, I withdrew on the night of the 26th to the north bank of
the North Anna."
One would naturally have supposed that General Lee
would have improved this opportunity to strike the Army of
the Potomac a stunning blow. It seems to the writer now, after
the lapse of many years, that General Lee never had a better
chance to inflict terrible punishment on his antagonist than on
the North Anna. We have the authority of General Fitzhugh
Lee, in his excellent biography of General R. E. Lee, that it
was the intention of the Confederate leader to assume the
offensive and attack the Union Army here, but a, severe illness,
confining him to his tent, alone prevented the carrying out of
his purpose. The army recrossed the river without being molested, on the
evening of May 26th, and the Sixth Corps led the way for another
flanking movement to the left and down the Pamunkey river.
It may assist the reader somewhat to state that the
Mat, Ta, Po, and Ny rivers unite to form the Mattapony
river. The Pamunkey is formed by the confluence of the
North and South Anna; and the Pamunkey in turn uniting
with the Mattapony forms the York, which empties into
Chesapeake Bay.
The loss in the Second Corps on the North Anna in killed,
wounded and missing was about six hundred. How the
Regiment fared in this engagement may be learned from the
following statement :

l8o THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
CASUALTIES ON THE NORTH ANNA.
May 23rd-26th 1864.
Sergeant-Major William A. Wood, prisoner. May 24th; First
Lieutenant Loring Farr, Company G, wounded. May 23rd.
Company A.
Levander Sawtelle, wounded. May 24th.
Company B.
Silas Dean, killed. May 24th; Moses Larrabee, prisoner. May 24th.
Company C.
Oliver B. Bessey, wounded. May 24th.
Company D.
Corporal Prescott D. Hinds, killed. May 24th; Augustus Coffin,
killed. May 24th; Sergeant Charles F. Cooper, wounded. May 24th;
Ford S. Hawkins, wounded. May 24th; Benjamin B. Siegars, wounded,
May 24th. Company E.
Benjamin F. Trefethen, killed. May 24th; Corporal James H.
Shaw, wounded, May 24th, died in general hospital, June Sth, 1864;
John Hartshorn, wounded. May 24th.
Company F.
Andrew J. Berry, killed. May 24th; Edward P. White, wounded.
May 24th. Company H.
Joseph W. Gridley, wounded. May 24th; Charles B. Whitney,
mortally wounded. May 24th (Muster Out Roll reports that he died in
Vermont, June 17th, of wounds received at Taylor's bridge, June
12th, 1864). Company K.
Elijah C. Butler, killed. May 24th; Newell B. Tilton, killed,
May 24th ; Samuel Mereen, wounded. May 24th.
RECAPITULATION.
Killed and mortally wounded - - 9
Wounded, not fatally - 10
Prisoners ¦  2
Total - - 21
At about the time of the battle on the North Anna, Colonel
Cunningham returned to the Regiment for a short time. After
the battle at that place, he inquired particularly for Corporal
Prescott D. Hinds of Company D. When he was informed that
Corporal Hinds had just been kUled in the engagement, he
appeared very much affected and said : "I am very sorry; I
knew his people well. His father was a leading citizen in our
locality." This incident is furnished by George S. Perry
of Company F.

ON THE NORTH ANNA l8l
Dr. J. Q. A. Hawes, Surgeon of the Nineteenth, in a public
letter from Fredericksburg, under date of May 25th, 1864,
makes the following statement as to our losses :
"In my own regiment, the Nineteenth, our number is now reduced
to near one hundred muskets. In the terrible fight on the sixth instant
the Nineteenth was badly cut up. Colonel Connor was badly wounded,
in the left thigh. He is now at Washington, and is quite as comfortable
as can be expected. Major Welch, from Augusta, received a flesh wound
in the thigh. I hear that one-half of our Captains are wounded, and
a larger portion of the Lieutenants. Of the enlisted men I expect to
find merely a small squad as a representative, a few weeks since, of a
noble Regiment. Surely this is sad to us here, but sadder to the dear
friends at home. Our soldiers have fought bravely, manfully, and to
the last, and those who are now called to mourn the loss of their friends,
have no remorse of their conscience, that the defenders of their country
from the Pine Tree State did not do their duty on the fleld of battle.

1 82

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

CHAPTER X.

BATTLES OF TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR.
The Regiment started back across the North Anna, with the
Corps, at eleven o'clock at night. May 26th, and lay down to
rest near the railroad some distance north of the river, at half-
past one on the morning of May 27th. A detail had been made
from the Corps, which on the night of the 26th and the morning
of the 27th had been destroying the railroad back toward Mil
ford. Fires were built of the cross-ties and other wood, and the
rails were pried up; the middle of the rails were placed over the
fires until they were red hot, when they were twisted around
trees and stumps. On the night of the 26th, a demonstration
having been made by some of our cavalry above our extreme
right to deceive the enemy, the larger portion of the cavalry,
closely followed by the Sixth Corps, started for Hanovertown
on the Pamunkey. General Sheridan had returned from his
cavalry raid on the 24th. At ten o'clock in the morning of the
27th, the Second Corps was off, and at ten o'clock that night
the Regiment lay down on the ground about three miles from
the Pamunkey, and nearly thirty miles from the starting point.
Those who participated in that march, after the lapse of more
than forty years, will recall that long, hot, dusty and tiresome
march. It was through a region of country that had not been
devastated by the tread of hostile armies, except occasional
cavalry raids. The visible supply of fowls and pigs on the
north side of the Pamunkey was greatly reduced during that day,
and at many a farm house reluctant hands passed out from
their scanty supply, food to the hungry soldiers. How good
that food tasted! When the men inquired how far it was to
Richmond, the spiteful reply would be, given by the women, in
their peculiar Southern dialect, "It is so far you will never get
there!" On this march the Second Corps followed the route of
the Sixth and kept near the North Anna and later the Pamun-

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR 183
key. The Fifth and Ninth Corps kept on roads further to the
east and had a longer distance to march. The resting place of
the Regiment for the night of the 27th of May was opposite a
point on the Pamunkey, some four miles above Hanovertown.
We were up and off at six o'clock on the morning of May 28th,
and with the Corps crossed the Pamunkey river on a pontoon
bridge at Huntley's, opposite the Nelson farm, a little before
noon. The Second Corps was preceded by Rickett's Division of
the Sixth, at the crossing. The Regiment marched nearly two
miles west of the river and took its position with the Corps on
elevated ground and began building intrenchments. The
position of the Corps was between the Sixth Corps on the right
and the Fifth on the left, and the right of our Corps was near a
farm house said to belong to a man named Pollard.
The point where the Regiment crossed the Pamunkey is
about eighteen miles from Richmond. There is a tolerably
direct road from Hanovertown to Richmond, passing through
Hawes Shop, Hundley's Corner, Bethesda Church, and Mechan-
icsvUle, crossing the Chickahominy on the Mechanicsville
bridge. This road is called the Old Church road. The Toto
potomoy and Chickahominy are lined upon both sides with a
broad expanse of low, swampy lands and generaUy covered with
timber and almost impassable thickets. In some places these
two rivers are not more than six or seven miles apart. The
Totopotomoy empties into the Pamunkey a couple of miles be
low Hanovertown, and the Chickahominy runs some four miles
east of Richmond, and unites with the James some distance
below Charles City Court House. The army had now come into
a region of country where it was most difficult to manoeuvre on
account of the low, wet ground bordering on the rivers and
creeks and their many tributaries running in all directions.
The Nineteenth remained practicaUy in the position oc
cupied during the night of the 28th until about noon of Sunday,
the 29th of May, which was a beautiful day. Then we advanced
a short distance and built another line of works. Evidences of
a cavalry fight at Hawes Shop were seen in widely scattered
dead horses and slight earthworks. At noon the First Division
under General Barlow was taken out of the Second Corps line,

184 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
and advanced to the west in the direction of the Totopotomoy.
On the morning of May 30th the Regiment, with the Division,
advanced about five miles in a southwesterly direction and
built another strong line of works. The enemy's sharpshooters
were very active and the men of the Regiment were kept pretty
near the ground. Barlow's Division joined us on the right.
Gibbon's Division was all on the left of the Old Church road,
while Barlow's Division was on the right. There was a signal
station all day on the Skelton house, not far from the right of
the Regiment. In the afternoon the house was riddled with
shot and shell by the enemy, but the signal station flag was kept
in motion all the afternoon. The artillery firing was very
brisk. Mortars were here first used from our side. The music of
the Witworth gun was often wafted to us by the enemy. We
received a mail at night and drew three days' rations, making
five days' supply the men were supposed to have. Two men
in the Regiment were wounded this day, and a large detail
from the Regiment was sent on the skirmish line for the night.
The Fifth Corps on the left had crossed the Totopotomoy and
was pressing on towards Bethesda Church. Burnside was in
reserve. At half-past six in the afternoon of the 30th, heavy
firing, especially of the infantry, was heard on our left along
Warren's lines, and at seven o'clock p. m. orders came to
Hancock to attack in order to relieve the pressure in Warren's
front. The Totopotomoy in this locality was three or four feet
deep and in places not more than fifteen or twenty feet wide.
When the order came to attack, the skirmish line was advanced
to the foot of the hill on the other side of the creek. The top of
the hill was held by the enemy occupying rifle pits. Before
anything more was done orders were received not to advance
any further. Barlow's Division was heard, heavily engaged on
the right. Two of our men were reported wounded during the
day. The Regiment had been under constant fire all day from
the sharpshooters. A welcome mail was distributed in the
Regiment about dark. Early in the evening white rockets
were thrown up by the enemy as signals, the import of which the
men wished they understood. The entire Regiment spent all
night on the skirmish line across Totopotomoy creek. It had

^_^ J TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR 185
been a hot, wearisome day, and there was some grumbling at
the prospect for the night; but some one had to do the work,
and the Nineteenth had been exempt from skirmish duty during
the day. A comparatively quiet night was passed by the Regi
ment although the early hours were spent in cautious fear.
"Intoxicated by the drugs of sleep, my eyes are heavy and yet strict
vigils keep ;
Imagination fills my drowsy brain with scenes of battle, fields of
maimed and slain;
The stumps and bushes into phantoms grow, and shadows shape
themselves into the foe."
The Eighth New York Heavy Artillery and the Corcoran
Legion during the last days of May were united to form a new
Brigade, the Fourth in our Division, commanded by General
Tyler. On the morning of May 3 ist, the First and Second Brigades
of the Division, preceded by a strong skirmish line, advanced
to the top of the hill on the southwesterly side of the Totopoto
moy, and about eleven o'clock in the forenoon charged, but the
enemy's artUlery opened with such effect that the line fell back
a short distance and threw up earthworks. Colonel McKeen
was in command of our Brigade. The rifle pits of the enemy's
skirmish Hne were captured and held. Owen's Brigade, down
near the left of our Regiment, was just west of the road leading
from the position held by the Union troops to Cold Harbor, and
was near a farm house, owned by a man by the name of Jones,
and some distance to the left from the Skelton house, where the
signal station had been established. The Cold Harbor road
crossed the creek a Httle south of the Jones house. The Third
Brigade of our Division, under the command of Colonel Smyth,
was supporting our Brigade, and about two o'clock in the after
noon crossed the Totopotomoy and massed in our rear. There
was a swamp to the left and in front of the Division, and the
enemy had a battery of five or six guns in front and a little to
the right of our Division, which swept the ground between the
lines with shell and canister. Repeated orders were sent to
the Regiment to press forward the skirmishers and line of battle.
We were under constant fire all of June ist. The day was
very hot, as had been the day before, and it was a long time

100 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
between sunrise and sunset. Frequent orders came to get
ready to charge. The men were short of rations and cross.
Neariy twenty wagons belonging to the Corps had been captured
near the White House, the new base of supplies. About five
o'clock in the afternoon a charge was made on the enemy, but
as usual it was unsuccessful. When dark our Brigade was
relieved by the regiments of Smyth's Third Brigade, and
marched to the rear, recrossing the creek, and after some halts
being made, marched back by the Jones house and neariy back
to Hawes Shop, and then struck south on our way to Cold
Harbor. All night long in the heat and dust the Regiment
plodded on, frequently halting, and then turning to the right
and again to the left, without seeming to make much progress.
A Captain Paine, sent to us by Meade, was to conduct the Corps
from the vicinity of Hawes Shop to Cold Harbor. He was
not a good guide, because he did not know the way; hence
the frequent halts and the unsatisfactory progress. The
Second Division, leading the way, was followed by the First and
then the Third. The sick and wounded were all sent to the
White House during the afternoon of June ist.
There are numerous little incidents connected with every
battle, the relation of which goes to complete its history, just as
the faint tint, or light touch here and there, form the finishing
touches to the artist's picture on the canvas. On the after
noon of June ist, and just before Captain Fogler, who was in
command of the Regiment, was wounded, a forward movement
was ordered. Our Regiment was joined on the left by the
Fifty-ninth New York. The ground was uneven and partly
covered with trees, and as the troops advanced they ascended
quite a hill. The left of the Nineteenth and the right of the
Fifty-ninth were intermingled, and a commissioned officer of
the New York Regiment, evidently thinking one of the recruits
of the Nineteenth was lagging too far behind, struck him with
the side of his sword. Captain Fogler saw the act. His face
was blazing with indignation as he made toward the New York
Irishman wearing the shoulder straps. 1 had never seen
him rnad before. He informed the Fifty-ninth officer, if
he ever undertook to meddle with another man of the Nine-

Wilham H. Fogler, Captain Co. D.

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR 1 87
teenth Maine, whUe he was in command, he would run him
through. The language he used was quite emphatic, and if
Captain Fogler were not now dead, and were it not that our
memories are so treacherous, I should say that he swore.
The officer sneaked off toward the left as though he believed
our gaUant commander was a man of his word. In the judg
ment of the writer the old Nineteenth never had a better
officer than Captain Fogler. Long after the war, he served
the State of Maine as one of the judges of its highest court
untU his death, and there, as in the army, he was honored and
beloved. CASUALTIES, BATTLE OF TOTOPOTOMOY
May 28th to June 1st, 1864
Captain WilUam H. Fogler, Company D, commanding regiment,
wotmded June 1st. Company A.
WilUam Cotter, wounded, June 1st.
Company B.
Sergeant Benjamin S. Crooker, wounded. May 31st; William H.
Churchill, wounded. May 31st; George W. Dwinell, wounded. May 31st;
Charles H. Prescott, wounded, and died May 17th, 1865.
Company E.
Nathan S. Winslow, Prisoner, died Andersonville, Aug. 13, '64.
Co-mpany F.
Rufus S. Maxwell, wounded, June 1st.
Co-mpany K.
Peter Lee, killed, June 1st; Leroy Farrar, wounded, June 1st.
In the intense heat, and through suffocating clouds of dust,
the trying march from Totopotomoy to Cold Harbor took all
night, and the Regiment stacked arms at the latter place be
tween six and seven o'clock in the morning of June 2nd.
The rear of the Corps did not arrive until in the afternoon.
Our Regiment, being near the head of the column, had the most
of the day for rest. We occupied, for the greater part of the
day, breastworks which had been constructed a day or two be
fore by the Sixth Corps. The Sixth Corps had been drawn to
the right in line of battle and its left connected with the Second
Corps. Orders had been issued for an attack of the enemy's
works at five o'clock in the afternoon of June 2nd. Owing to
the delay in getting into position, and the condition of the troops
that brought up the rear of the Second Corps, on the march

Ioo THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
from Totopotomoy, the attack was postponed until 4 :30 in the
morning of June 3rd. The troops of the army were arranged for
the coming battle in the following order: WUson's Cavalry
held the ground from near the Pamunkey river to the vicinity
of Bethesda Church; General Warren, with the Fifth Corps,
stretched for a distance of some three miles from the left of
Wilson's cavalry to the neighborhood of Beulah Church, his
Hne being protected for part of the distance by swamps; Burn
side's Ninth Corps formed the rear, as a support to the right
of Warren's line; the Eighteenth Corps, under General W. F.
Smith, connected with Warren's left, and then came the Sixth
Corps, under General Wright. General Hancock, with the Second
Corps, held the extreme left, and his line extended nearly to the
Chickahominy river. The space between Hancock's left and
the river was occupied by cavalry pickets. Our Division, under
General Gibbon, held the right of the Second Corps, while
General Barlow's First Division held the left, General Birney's
Division being held in reserve. There was no massing of troops
to attack a particular point in the breastworks. There were no
reserves anywhere, except Birney on the left and Burnside on
the right. Birney was never ordered forward to the support of
the other two struggling Divisions of the Corps. A Httle after
ten o'clock in the morning he was sent to the right, to help out
General Warren. Direct assaults on well intrenched lines
rarely proved successful during the war. In no instance during
the campaign had the Union troops been successful in assaulting
breastworks, except the partial success of General Upton's
charge on May loth, and the brilliant achievement of the
Second Corps in capturing the salient at Spottsylvania, on
May 1 2th. In both of these instances there was a heavy
massing of troops and the assault was against one point only
of the enemy's intrenchments.
Now the order was to charge along the whole length of the
lines, some seven miles or more in length, hit or miss.
As soon as it began to grow light on the morning of June
3rd, the order to charge was given. It must be confessed that
order was not received with much hilarity. It was the same
order the troops had heard and obeyed almost daily for twenty-

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR 1 89
eight days. Except in the Battle of the Wilderness it had
always been a charge against strong intrenchments. If the
Second Corps ever felt and showed its unwillingness to charge
intrenchments, it was at Cold Harbor. There was some hooting
at the Brigade commanders by the soldiers, but when it was
ascertained that these officers themselves were going to lead
the men, there was no further hesitation. The ground had not
been looked over. There was no effort made to examine the
enemy's intrenchments to find a weak place in them, if there
were any.
On this morning the four Brigades of our Division were
commanded by Generals McKeen, Owen, Smyth and Tyler,
respectively. Tyler and Smyth took the front line, Tyler on
the right and Smyth on the left, in Hne of battle. They were
supported by the other two Brigades following in close columns
of regiments. McKeen's Brigade, in which was the old Nine
teenth, followed Tyler, and Owen followed in support of Smyth.
The two supporting brigades were ordered to push rapidly for
ward and over the front line in column and effect a lodgment
in the enemy's works, and not to deploy until they got over. It
was about half-past four in the morning when the Second
Division of our Corps started across the open field for the Con
federate intrenchments, in the above order. The First Divis
ion, under General Barlow, was upon our left and constituted
the left of the army. The Nineteenth, having Tyler's Brigade
in line of battle in front, did not suffer as much as the front line.
The country across which the troops charged was rolling, with
an impassable swamp upon our left, and as we pushed toward
the enemy's Hna of works, the red clay soil of the enemy's
intrenchments soon showed in the distance. After their skir
mishers had retreated from our front, their artillery swept the
field. Still the men pressed on, and, struggling against the
heavy fire of the enemy, pushed gaUantly up to within forty
or fifty yards of the Confederate works. We could see no men
to shoot at. They were all protected by their earthworks.
The Regiment pushed through General Tyler's decimated line
of battle and deployed near the right of his line. Taking advan
tage of a little rise in the land in our front, the Regiment fell

190 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
upon the ground, and, in an incredibly short space of time, with
bayonets, tin plates or whatever they could lay their hands
upon, threw up a slight earthwork in front, sufficient to pro
tect them from the enemy's bullets. Before we passed through
General Tyler's line of battle, it had been forced back a con
siderable distance, and the ground in our front presented a
most pitiful sight, with its dead and wounded. The battle
proper did not last thirty minutes. When our (McKeen's) Bri
gade reached the front it was pretty well to the right of Tyler's
Brigade. Many of the killed and wounded of the Eighth New
York Heavy Artillery were in our immediate front, when the
Regiment halted. None of Tyler's men penetrated the enemy's
works except a portion of the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth
New York, under command of Colonel J. P. McMahon, which
Regiment kept to the left of the swamp, to which reference has
been made, being thus separated from the rest of the Brigade.
Colonel McMahon gained the breastworks, with the colors of
the Regiment in his hands, and fell dead in the midst of the
enemy. General Barlow captured some three hundred pris
oners and three cannon on our left, but was unable to hold his
advanced position by reason of the enfilading fire of the enemy.
Colonel McKeen, in command of our Brigade, was killed
before the Nineteenth reached its advanced position. Colonel
Frank A. Haskell, of the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin, succeeded to
the command and in a few minutes fell, mortally wounded.
A Major from one of the other regiments then assumed com
mand of the Brigade temporarily.
Between eight and nine in the morning, General Hancock
was directed by General Meade to make another attack, in
connection with the Eighteenth Corps, unless he considered it
"hopeless." Fortunately for our Regiment, now in the front
line and near the strong fortifications of the enemy, Hancock,
knowing another attack would be fruitless, declined to order it.
Between one and two in the afternoon orders were given by
General Meade to suspend further offensive operations, to in
trench and advance against the enemy by regular approaches.
The Regiment did not receive nor require the order to suspend
"offensive operations," for all our efforts had been strictly

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR I9I
and actively defensive for several hours. We were fortunate
in finding a few fence rails by following down a deep ravine to
our left. These were serviceable in constructing rifle-pits.
The Confederates made an attack and attempted to drive us
back a little after seven o'clock in the evening, but were re
pulsed. There was artillery firing all day, including coehorns.
Whenever there was a chance to fire at anything, it was im
proved by the infantry and the sharpshooters. In the evening
spades and other intrenching tools were brought up, and the
men worked all night. During the darkness our position was
advanced and a new line of intrenchments was constructed.
After dark some soldiers of the Eighth New York Heavy
Artillery crept back from the front where they had lain all day,
in a hollow, where the Confederates could not reach them
with their rifles.
Colonels McKeen, Haskell and McMahon, who were killed
in this battle, were all young men. They had served as staff
officers and won honors on the battlefield, before being com
missioned to command regiments. They were warm personal
friends and serving in the same Brigade with the same rank.
Colonel McKeen's commission bearing the earliest date, he was
commanding the Brigade. Haskell was Colonel of the Thirty-
sixth Wisconsin and McMahon Colonel of the One Hundred and
Sixty-fourth New York. Lieutenant-General Nelson A. Miles
(retired), who commanded a Brigade under Barlow in this battle,
is authority for the statement that on the night of June 2nd
these three officers slept on the ground under the same blanket.
They were talking together during the evening, and bantering
one another as to which one would probably be hit first the
next day. Within fifteen minutes from the time Gibbon's line
of battle started, the next morning, these three officers were
lying dead on the battlefield. McKeen was killed first, then
Haskell, his successor in command of the Brigade, fell, and then
McMahon was killed inside the Confederate intrenchments.
Major Mitchell, of General Hancock's staff, made this
remark on the third of June: "Altogether this has been one of
the most disastrous days the Army of the Potomac has ever
seen, and the old Second Corps has especially suffered." Gen-

192 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
eral Gibbon, in his report of this battle, makes the following
statement: 'From the 3rd to the 12th, the Division was
occupied in perfecting its position and pushing forward works
toward the enemy — constantly under fire, both cannon and
musketry, day and night, losing some two hundred and eighty
officers and men, killed and wounded. During these nine days,
the labor and military duty of the Division were of the hardest
kind and performed under the most disadvantageous circum
stances — confined for ten days in narrow trenches, with no
water to wash in and none to drink, except that obtained at the
risk of losing life; unable to obey a call of nature or to stand
erect, without forming targets for hostile bullets, and subjected
to the heat and dust of midsummer, which soon produced
sickness and vermin. The position was indeed a trying one;
but all bore it cheerfully and contentedly, and constructed
covered ways to water and to the rear and joked of the hostile
bullets as they whistled over their heads, to find a less protected
targfet far in the rear of the lines. I regard this as having been
the most trying period of this trying campaign."'
From the 4th tothe nth of June, we occupied prac
tically the same position. Siege operations were carried
on and the Union lines were advanced slowly by regular ap
proaches. The men of the Nineteenth will recall the deep
wells that the boys dug, with somewhat artistic steps descend
ing to the bottom, where a little poor water was obtained.
There was almost constant skirmishing by day and during the
nights there was frequently heavy artillery and musketry
firing. The lines of batde were in such close proximity that
constant watchfulness was necessary in order to prevent sur
prises. Both sides appeared to be apprehensive lest some ad
vantage might be obtained by the other. In order to obtain
water in any quantities, or to bring up supplies from the rear,
soldiers passed back and forth in zigzag trenches covered for a
portion of the distance. Loopholes were made near the top of
the breastworks, through which the soldiers would insert the
muzzles of their rifles and wait for a 'good shot." The writer
recalls seeing a soldier of the Regiment, whose name he cannot
1 War Records, Vol. 36, Part l,p.433.

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR I93
remember, after having fired, quickly withdraw his rifle and
put his eye to the hole, to see the effect of his shot. In a
moment came the dull sound of a bullet crashing through his
head, and the soldier fell dead as a clod among his comrades.
A Confederate skirmisher had correctly timed the interval be
tween the soldier's firing and his desire to investigate the result
of his shot. A few years ago, and after we had begun to collect
material for this history. Captain Charles E. Nash wrote as
follows : "1 think there is an omission in your list of at least one
casualty at Cold Harbor. 1 remember vividly a tragic incident
there of a soldier — 1 think of Company B, whose name I cannot
recall — who prepared his supper, ate it, repacked his dishes,
was hit and killed by a sharpshooter and buried by his com
rades near the breastwork, all within one hour's time." If
this soldier was not Harvey C. Joice, of Company I, the writer
cannot ascertain who the unfortunate soldier was, although
he remembers the incident mentioned by Captain Nash.
There was one incident that afforded some satisfaction
to the soldiers while confined in the trenches at Cold Harbor
and which has never been seen in print. The writer made a
record of the same at the time, and has a very distinct recollec
tion of the fact. At times whUe lying in the trenches here,
there had been an agreement between the two lines of battle
that there should be a cessation of all firing until one side or the
other gave notice. This arrangement had been carried out for
short intervals several times before this incident happened.
During one of these truces, the men were carelessly lounging
about, glad of the opportunity to stretch themselves. Some
had gone for water, some were bringing up wood and some from
both sides were looking over the tops of the breastworks. They
were aU unguarded and most of them were in plain sight of each
other, talking good-naturedly back and forth between the lines.
Suddenly from the Confederate side, on a piece of rising ground,
rang out the sharp report of a rifle and a man belonging to
another regiment, who was bringing up an armful of wood di
rectly in the rear of the Nineteenth Maine, fell forward on his
face, dead. For a moment everyone on both sides stood in
mute astonishment; then there was a sudden rush for cover.

'94 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGI.MENl
Someone from the Nineteenth went and got a bugler from one
of the Massachusetts regiments and directed a plan of surprise
for the "Johnnies." Word was passed along the line for every
one to be ready with their rifles when the order "forward" was
given by the bugler. Then the clear notes of the bugle were
heard, sounding the charge, and for half a mile along the lines,
the Confederates jumped upon their breastworks, ready for
business. All along the Union line there blazed forth a sheet
of fire from the rifles of the men, concealed behind their breast
works. Many a Confederate soldier dropped in his tracks, and
those not struck by our bullets quickly concealed themselves
behind their intrenchments. From our side came laughter and
cheers; from theirs came oaths and curses. The shot that
killed the Union soldier probably came from some irresponsible
idiot who knew no better. Doubtless the Confederates re
gretted the act as much as anyone, but the friendly relations
between the lines were somewhat strained thereafter.
From the 3rd to the 7th of June the wounded' who had
fallen on the first day, lay between the lines, some of them
faintly calling to be taken away. The dead were unburied.
General Morgan, of General Hancock's staff, concerning this
dreadful interval, thus speaks: "It was understood at the
time that the delay was caused by something akin to a point of
etiquette. General Grant proposed a flag of truce as a mutual
accommodation. General Lee replied that he had no dead or
wounded not attended to, but offered to grant a truce if General
Grant desired it to attend to his own. General Grant was then
compelled to ask a suspension of hostilities as a favor to the
Union Army. The assault occurred on the morning of the
third, the first flag was not sent until the evening of the fifth,
and the cessation of hostilities did not finally take place until
nearly five full days after the assault. It is, perhaps, unneces
sary to say that the wounded who had not been able to crawl
into our lines at night were now past caring for, and the dead
were in a horrible state of putrefaction. Better the consuming
fire of the Wilderness and the Po than the lingering, agonizing
death of these poor men, whose vain calls for relief smote upon

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR I95
the ears of their comrades at every lull in the firing."' General
Francis A. Walker, the able historian of the Second Corps, and
likewise on General Hancock's staff, in his life of General Han
cock, and relating to the same affair, wrote as follows : " During
all of this interval, it was known that scores of our desperately
wounded were lying in the narrow space between the two lines,
uncared for and without water. All who could crawl in to the
one side or the other had already done so; hundreds had been
brought in at great risk to their rescuers; but there were still
those who lay helpless where it was simply death for a Union
soldier to show his head. Moreover, the dead of the third
nearly all lay where they had fallen. If it be asked why so
simple a duty of humanity as the rescue of the wounded and the
burial of the dead had been thus neglected, it is answered that
it was due to an unnecessary scruple on the part of the Union
Commander-in-chief. Grant delayed sending a flag of truce to
General Lee for this purpose, because it would amount to an
admission that he had been beaten on the 3rd of June. It
now seems incredible that he should for a moment have sup
posed that any other view could be taken of that action. But,
even if it were so, this was a very poor way of rewarding his
soldiers who had fallen in the attack or of encouraging their
comrades to take similar risks. It was not until the 7th
that an arrangement was reached for a cessation of hostilities,
between six and eight p. m., for the burial of the dead and re
moving the wounded. By this time, most of the latter were
past caring for. Hardly was the flag of truce over when
another outburst occurred which soon rose to the greatest
fury."^ Those who are desirous of examining the correspond
ence between General Lee and General Grant concerning this
unfortunate affair will find the same in the Records of the War
of the Rebellion, Series i, Volume 36, Part 3, on pages 600, 638,
639, 666 and 667. WhUe the dead were being buried be
tween the lines under this flag of truce, the men of the two
armies fraternized, talked and joked together, exchanged

1 Walker's History of the Second Corps, p. 518.
2 Pp. 225, 226.

15t6 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
newspapers, and traded coffee and tobacco, as though there was
no war going on.
General Lee felt safe enough to withdraw Early's Corps
from the intrenchments at Cold Harbor on June 13th and dis-
piatch it to the Shenandoah Valley, on its famous raid to
capture Washington.
In the early evening of June 12th the Second Corps,
whose soldiers were nearer the enemy's lines than any other
Corps in the army, was quietly and stealthily withdrawn.
CASUALTIES OF THE NINETEENTH MAINE AT THE BATTLE
i OF COLD HARBOR.
June 2nd to 12th, 1864,
Co-mpany A.
Charles H. Tibbetts, wounded, June 3rd.
Company B.
John Rice, wounded, June 4th, died Augusta, Maine, August
Sth, 1864. Company C.
Sergeant Alphonzo Nichols, wounded, June 3rd; Ezra F. Mclntire,
wounded, June 13th; Olney W. Titus, wounded, June 12th, died
June 19th; Aaron C. Plummer, wounded and died, June 4th.
Company D.
Corporal Frederick H. Wyman, killed, June 3rd; Jackson Mixer,
killed, June 3rd, Company E.
WilUam Jones, prisoner, June 12th, died in Andersonville prison,
August ISth. Company H.
Corporal Frank A. Sherman, wounded, June Sth; Thomas W.
Merrow, wounded, June Sth. Company I.
Harvey C. Joice, killed, June 9th.
RECAPITULATION.
Killed and mortally wounded 6
Wounded, not fatally '
Prisoner and died in prison -  ^
Total - 12
Speaking of the withdrawal from Cold Harbor, General
Walker makes this statement: "As the Second Corps turned
southward from Cold Harbor to take its part in the second act
of the great campaign of 1864, the historian is bound to confess
that something of its pristine virtue had departed under the
terrific blows that had been showered upon it in the series of

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR 1 97
fierce encounters which have been recited. Its casualties had
averaged more than four hundred a day for the whole period
since it crossed the Rapidan. It had lost 5,092 in the Wilder
ness, 5,457 at Spottsylvania, 1,651 on the North Anna and the
Totopotomoy, and 3,510 at Cold Harbor; in all 15,710. But
even these figures fail to tell the amount of the injury that had
been sustained. Twenty-seven general and field officers had
been killed or mortally wounded, and several times that number
disabled. In a disproportionate degree, it was the bravest and
most enterprising officers, the bravest and most enduring
soldiers, who had fallen in the assaults upon their intrenched
positions. These were the men who went farthest to the front
stayed there longest and fell back most slowly and grudgingly.
Moreover, the confidence of the troops in their leaders had been
severely shaken. They had again and again been ordered to
attacks which the very privates in the ranks knew to be hope
less from the start. They had seen the fatal policy of 'assaults
all along the Hne,' persisted in after the most ghastly failures ;
and they had almost ceased to expect victory when they went
into battle. The lamentable story of Petersburg cannot be
understood without reference to facts like these.' "'
On the I Ith of May General Grant wrote to General Hal
leck that he proposed "to fight it out on this Hne if it takes all
summer." Well, if the line was to be a direct line, we were now
getting pretty near the terminal station. General Lee stood
resolutely facing his antagonist, and the last battle had been
most decidedly in his favor. It seems very apparent that at
first General Grant did not appreciate Lee's ability nor the
valor of his soldiers. He had never met their equals in the
West. As soon as Grant crossed the Rapidan, on May 4th, he
wired Halleck: "Forty-eight hours now will demonstrate
whether the enemy intends giving battle this side of Richmond !"
That looks as though Grant half expected Lee would run.
He evidently underrated the strength and ability of his antag
onist and doubtless shared the opinion of other western officers
that there was something lacking in the fighting qualities
and endurance of the Army of the Potomac. Grant learned,
1 Walker's Life of Hancock, pp. 228, 229.

198 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
however, before his campaign was far advanced that he was
not fighting Buckner, Beauregard, Van Dorn, Pemberton or
even Bragg, and that the soldiers whom Lee commanded were
the choicest and bravest of the whole Confederate army. His
eyes were gradually opened to this fact. It has been contended
by some of our historians that the "hammering" process wisely
inaugurated by General Grant, made necessary the frightful
track of bloodshed from the Wilderness to Petersburg. They
further claim that the Union army could well afford to sacrifice
two or three lives for one, in that campaign, and that the loss of
60,000 men in killed and wounded, without inflicting a propor
tionate loss upon the enemy, counts for nothing as long as we
were successful in the end. Surely to admit that Grant could
not avoid paying such an enormous price for his success is to
concede the superior generalship of Lee. General Grant did
not despise strategical or tactical movements of his army at
Vicksburg or at Chattanooga. The continual hammering
process he reserved for the Army of the Potomac. He was not
too great, however, to profit by his experience. The blunders
and horror at Cold Harbor, General Grant was manly enough,
at a later time, to acknowledge and deplore. There were no
other Cold Harbors in our history after the eariy days of June
1864 — certainly none for which he was responsible.
Again, on May nth, General Grant wrote to Halleck:
" I am satisfied the enemy are very shaky and are only kept
up to the mark by the greatest exertion on the part of their
officers." In looking back now, after the lapse of all these
years, we can see how mistaken General Grant was. Even
after the battle of Cold Harbor, Lee detached Breckenridge to
meet Hunter, who was pressing south, via Staunton, towards
Lynchburg, and on June 13th, the very day we crossed the
Chickahominy, General Eariy with the Second Corps (EweU's)
of Lee's Army, was hurrying north, to threaten the city of
Washington. After the Battle of Cold Harbor and before leaving there.
General Gibbon, commanding our Division, preferred charges
against Brigadier-General J. T. Owen, commanding the Second
Brigade, for failure to obey orders to move his Brigade to the

TOTOPOTOMOY AND COLD HARBOR I99
attack on the enemy's lines, at Spottsylvania, May i8th, and at
Cold Harbor, on the 3rd of June. General Grant sent Owen,
under arrest, to Fortress Monroe, and recommended that he be
mustered out of the service. The recommendation of Grant
was approved, and by order of the President, General Owen
was mustered out July i8th, 1864. He entered the service as
Colonel of the Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania. His residence was
at Chestnut HiU, PhUadelphia. The Sixty-ninth was mostly
composed of Irish.
"Paddy Owen," as he was called by the soldiers, was a
familiar figure in Gibbon's Division. He was not very highly
regarded as a commander. His burly form and red face were
not seen any more by the Regiment after Cold Harbor. He
was placed under arrest and reprimanded by his superior
officers so often that it became monotonous; yet he was com
mended many times for his coolness and bravery in battle in
the earlier years of the war. At the battle of Fredericksburg,
Owen placed himself in front of his Brigade and led his troops
in the charge on the Confederate intrenchments.
On the night of June nth, our Division was relieved by
the Third Division of the Sixth Corps, and we marched to the
rear about a mile and had a good night's rest. The Regiment
rested all day June 12th and enjoyed a good wash and a general
cleaning up.

?00 THE NINETEENTH MAlNg REGIMENT

CHAPTER XI.

SOUTH OF THE JAMES RIVER AND BATTLES IN
FRONT OF PETERSBURG JUNE 16-20, 1864.
A little before midnight, on June 12th, the Regiment,
under command of Captain Nash, started with our Division.
preceded by the First Division, and crossed the Richmond and
York River railroad, near Dispatch Station; thence past
Ratcliffe's Old Tavern, and crossed the Long Bridge over
the Chickahominy at three o'clock in the afternoon. Here we
rested and made coffee, and started again before dark. At
about midnight we camped down between Charies City
Court House and the James river. It was talked among the
members of the Regiment that we encamped upon the farm
of ex-President Tyler, who had died a little more than a year
before in the city of Richmond. Tyler's place, however, was
nearly two miles southeast of the Court House, and the Regi
ment did not march as far east as that. On the next day,
June 14th, our Corps began crossing the James on transports,
at a place called Wilcox's Landing, Birney's Division being
the first to cross. Our Division began crossing at about half-
past three in the afternoon, and the last of the Division crossed
a little before ten at night. Barlow's Division crossed later in
the night. The Regiment marched about a mile from the
landing into the woods and lay down for the night.
Wilcox's Landing is on the northern bank of the James
river, and Wind Mill Point is directly opposite, on the southern
bank. These places are twelve miks below City Point, thirty-
five miles from Cold Harbor and twenty miles from- Petersburg.
On June 15th, while resting at Wind MUl Point, the
original members of the Fourth Maine Regiment having served
their three years, were discharged. The recruits from the
regiment, both present and absent, numbering 278, were trans-

SOUTH OF THE JAMES RIVER 20I
ferred, on the rolls, to'our Regiment. As a matter of fact,
only seventy-five men from that regiment joined ours. The
other soldiers transferred from that regiment, on paper, were
some of them prisoners of war and others were in hospitals.
The men of the Fourth Maine who served with us were ex
cellent soldiers and an honor to the Nineteenth.
The men of the Regiment remained where they slept on
the night of June 14th, until nearly noon June 15th, under strict
orders not to wander away, and to be ready to march at a
moment's notice. At about half-past ten o'clock the head of
Birney's Division moved out on the long march for Petersburg,
and the head of our Division started in the column about noon.
We did not enjoy the confidence of General Meade and so he
did not reveal to us the secret of our destination. Barlow's
Division was marching on a road parallel to that on which we
were marching. The twenty miles covered by the Regiment
on this day made a very hard march. It was intensely hot,
the roads were dusty, and the color of the soldiers' uniforms
could not be distinguished. The men suffered for lack of
water, as none suitable for drinking purposes could be found on
the march. Many men fell out of the ranks, prostrated by the
heat. About the middle of the afternoon firing was distinctly
heard toward the front, and the troops began to close up. The
soldiers' steps lengthened and the last few miles were rapidly
paced off, amidst the dust and heat of that June day.
Between ten o'clock and midnight, June 14th, General
Hancock was informed by General Meade that Butler would
send 60,000 rations for his Corps to Wind Mill Point. As soon
as these rations were received, Hancock was told that he would
move his Corps by the most direct route to Petersburg. Meade
ordered Hancock to take up a certain position there, to be de
termined by certain land-marks, and subsequently the position
was found to be an impossible one. No intimation was given
him as to whether any troops would precede or follow him, or
for what purpose he was sent to Petersburg. The rations did
not arrive, as promised, and the Corps marched off without
them about half-past ten o'clock, June 15th. General Hancock
was not informed that General W. F. Smith or anybody else was

202 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
to make an attack on Petersburg. He was neither commanded
nor requested to march rapidly. Between five and six o'clock
in the afternoon, and when within five or six miles of Peters
burg, Hancock received an order from General Grant directing
him to hasten forward to Petersburg and go to the support of
General Smith, who commanded the Eighteenth Corps, and
who claimed to have carried some of the enemy's works.
At about the same time a request came from General Smith
requesting him to bring the Second Corps to his support. The
Corps was then rushed forward to the support of Smith's troops.
General Smith was Hancock's senior in rank. General Smith
had fooled away the afternoon and his Corps had been kept in
check by a handful of Confederate troops. There is nothing
very creditable in recalling this day's work. But for the
blundering or incompetency of somebody, Petersburg ought
to have been in. the possession of the Union troops on June 15th,
before sundown.
General Lee seemed to be completely bewildered by Grant's
movements south of the James. On June i6th, at 10:30 in the
morning, when the Second Corps was pushing its way into
Petersburg, Lee, from Drewry's Bluff, on the south side of the
James, telegraphed Beauregard, at Petersburg: " I do not know
the position of Grant's Army and cannot strip the north bank
of the James river." Even as late as 5:30 in the afternoon of
June 17th, he sent a messenger to General W. H. F. Lee, at
Malvern Hill, saying: "Push after the enemy and endeavor to
ascertain what has become of Grant's Army."
The Regiment arrived in sight of Petersburg about four
o'clock in the afternoon, but it was after dark when our Brigade
reached the line of battle of the Eighteenth Corps. Our Divi
sion, under Gibbon, was placed in position after midnight.
We relieved a portion of General Smith's Corps, and were
somewhat surprised to find ourselves mingling with the men
of the Eighth Maine Regiment as it marched back to the rear,
while we were marching forward to take their places. The
Nineteenth was placed between the Friend House and the
Prince George Court House road. Smith had in the afternoon
captured the outer line of works. General Birney's Division was

SOUTH OF THE JAMES RIVER 2O3
on our left. There was occasional firing all night. The skirmish
line was pushed out in advance, but no skirmishers were called
for from our Regiment. In a very short time some of the men
were put to work strengthening the rifle pits, while the balance
of them were soon lying on the ground fast asleep. The soil
here consisted of sand and made a very soft and self-adjustable
bed. On the 1 7th of June, the Nineteenth lay behind the works
all day, although there was some fighting on our left. At the
close of operations on June 17th, General Hancock was obliged
to relinquish, temporarily, the command of the Corps, by
reason of the breaking out anew of his Gettysburg wound. He
was absent from the Corps from June 17th to the 27th. General
Birney tried to fill his place. On the morning of June i8th our
Regiment was moved to the left and advanced to the front line,
when the men found themselves on the extreme right of the
Third Division, commanded by General Mott. On both the
17th and i8th, Dow's Sixth Maine Battery, with its six Napo
leons (twelve-pounders), was in the line on our right, doing
effective work. It was a section of this same battery which did
such splendid work on the plank road in the WUderness on the
aftemoon of May 6th. Between four and five o'clock in the
afternoon of the i8th, the Third Division, under General Mott,
made a general assault on the enemy's line in the vicinity of
the Hare house, which assault, as usual, resulted in ignominious
failure. It was here that the First Maine Heavy Artillery,
assigned to the Third Division May 29th, met with its awful
and unprecedented loss, in sight of the Nineteenth Mainer
During the charge of Mott's Division, we were kept busy keeping
back the Confederate skirmishers, who were trying to get in on
Mott's right flank. Colonel Chamberlain, Twentieth Maine
Regiment, was wounded in the charge. His regiment belonged
in the Fifth Corps, which occupied ground considerably to the
left of the Second Corps.
A young soldier belonging to one of the New York regi
ments was brought back from between the lines of battle and
died with a scrap of paper pinned to his coat, containing the
following pathetic message, written in lead pencil :

204 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT "June 18,
My dear father and mother, sisters and brothers :
I am here on the battlefield wounded in two places — once through
the bowels and once in the left shoulder, and must die within twenty-
four hours. The battle rages terribly, but, my dears, I die for my
country, and I pray God to take me to that home in heaven where I
hope to meet you all. Good-bye forever. James.
To Uriel Markell, Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y."
This touching letter was forwarded to the parents and the
boy was buried by his comrades, with tears streaming down
their cheeks, as they thought of the bereaved father and
mother in the distant home.
LOSSES OF THE REGIMENT IN THE BATTLE OF PETERS
BURG.
June 16th to 18th, 1864.
Captain E. A. Burpee, Company I, prisoner, June 18th.
Company A.
Joseph W. Anderson, wounded, June 16th; Charles H. Tibbetts,
wounded, June 16th: Isaac W. Tibbetts, wounded, June 19th.
Company B.
James H. Hutchinson, wounded. Co-mpany E.
Robert CarUn, Jr., mortally wounded, June 18th — died, June 19th;
George H. Sylvary (4th Me.), killed, June 18th; Otis Colson (4th Me.),
wounded, June 18th; Nathan Winslow (4th Me.), prisoner.
Company F.
Lorenzo M. Richardson, woimded, June 18th.
Co-mpany H.
Corporal S. M. Downs, wounded, June 18th; C. L. Ring, wounded,
June 18th. Company I.
Hezekiah Merrow (4th Me.) killed in action, June 18th.
The men got what rest they could behind the breastworks
on June 19th and were relieved by a division of the Sixth Corps
on the evening of the 20th, and marched what seemed to be
several miles to the left. We encamped for the night near the
Norfolk and Petersburg railroad. On the afternoon of June
2 ist we advanced, gradually extending our line forward to the
left, in the direction of the Weldon railroad. The morning of
June 22nd found us considerably advanced and behind shallow
rifle pits which had been hurriedly thrown up during the night.
They were not much protection, and during the forenoon the

SOUTH OF THE JAMES RIVER 2O5
men were induced to strengthen these rifle pits by the most
persuasive of arguments — Confederate sharpshooters.
President Lincoln arrived at City Point June 21st, and in
the afternoon of that day rode with General Grant to the lines
in front of Petersburg.

206

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

CHAPTER XII.

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD.
The history of June 22nd, 1864, records one of the most
humiliating disasters that ever befell the Nineteenth Maine.
Neither the soldiers of the Nineteenth, nor the regiments of
the Division and Corps, were responsible for the disgraceful
results of that day. The fault lay with the officers in command
of the troops. It appears that our Corps, temporarily in com
mand of General Birney, was ordered to hold its connection
with the Fifth Corps on the right and to swing forward to the
left, using the right Brigade as a pivot, but to keep connection
with the Sixth Corps on the left. Much of the advance was
through woods and thickets, and it would have been slow
work even if there had been no enemy in front. The Sixth
Corps had necessarily a much longer distance to march before
coming in contact with the enemy. The Jerusalem plank road
runs nearly south from Petersburg, and where the Second Corps
was manoeuvering was about equidistant from the Norfolk and
from the Weldon railroads. The Corps had all crossed "to the
west of the Jerusalem road. The Brigade was commanded
by General B. R. Pierce, formerly Colonel of the Third Michigan,
who had been slightly wounded four days before. The Nine
teenth was in the edge of some woods fronting a clearing.
The Division hospital was established at the Cheeves house, on
the eastern side of the Jerusalem road and about half a mile
directly to the rear of the Regiment.
The regiments of the First Brigade were arranged in the
following order, from left to right: First Minnesota Battalion,
Nineteenth Maine, Nineteenth Massachusetts, Forty-second
New York, Eighty-second New York, Fifteenth Massachusetts,
Fifty-ninth New York, Twentieth Massachusetts, Thirty-sixth
Wisconsin and Seventh Michigan, the latter regiment being

BATTLE OF JERUSALE.M PLANK ROAD 207
near the Jerusalem plank road. The Second Brigade, under
command of Major O'Brien, One Hundred and Fifty-second
New York Volunteers, was on our left. The regiment on the
extreme right of the Second Brigade and adjoining ours was the
Seventy-second Pennsylvania. Firing from the front began
to increase about two o'clock and by three o'clock in the
afternoon, while our men were engaged in watching toward
the front and firing, a Confederate line of battle charged
along the rear of the Union lines from left to right, killing
and wounding many and taking a large number of prisoners.
The first thing the Nineteenth knew of the approaching ca
lamity was the giving way of the Second Brigade and First
Minnesota Battalion on our immediate left — the men of which
did not run directly to the rear, but ran more lengthwise
toward the right and in the rear of our Regiment, closely pur
sued by the exultant foe. The men of the Regiment had no
chance whatever. If they desired to avoid being taken pris
oners, their only course was to get far enough to the rear so
they could face the Confederates and fire upon them. There had
been no strong works built the night before. When the Nine
teenth faced this sudden danger, the ground in the rear of
McKnight's Battery waj filled with Mott's Third Division
troops, in a disorganized state, fleeing and foUowed closely by
the Second Brigade of our own Division. Captain McKnight's
men stood by their guns until the enemy came up to them,
some from the rear and some over their own works from the front,
calling upon them to surrender. The men of the Nineteenth
Maine retreated rapidly a short distance and then halted in the
woods, across an old wood road, under the immediate direction
of General Pierce. The First Minnesota Battalion was thrown
to the front as skirmishers. Three or four regiments from the
Fourth Brigade here joined the Nineteenth Maine and the First
Minnesota and advanced under the direction of General Pierce.
Twice our line was pressed forward to recapture McKnight's
Battery, but now the enemy were firing from behind our own
works, and that firing was so deadly that it was impossible to
accomplish anything. The charge of the enemy from left to
right exhausted itself when it reached the Thirty-sixth Wiscon

^°^ THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
sin' regiment, which regiment lost heavily in killed and wounded
during the afternoon, but more especially in prisoners. Of the
six non-commissioned officers who constituted the color guard
of the Nineteenth the morning of June 22nd, Color-Sergeant
Preston J. Carter, of Company C, and Corporal Otis Little, of
Company I, were killed, the former with the colors in his hands;
Sergeant Wm. B. Sawyer, of Company E, and Corporal John
Day Smith, of Company F, were wounded, and Sergeant John T.
Frost, of Company D, and Corporal N. C. McFariand, of Com
pany K, were taken prisoners. Three times during that after
noon the man bearing the colors was shot dead in his tracks,
but another man would immediately catch the flag and bear it
to the front. Not once did the old flag touch the ground,
Preston J. Carter was a clean, manly fellow, about twenty
years of age. He came to us from the Fourth Maine, about
the time we left Cold Harbor. He had borne the colors of the
Fourth Maine, and when coming to our Regiment he took the
same position. He was finishing his course of study in the
Rockland High School when he enlisted in the Fourth Maine,
leaving a widowed mother at home. He was an only son.
Young Carter had been with the Nineteenth scarcely two weeks,
yet every man in the Regiment who knew him came to respect
him. General Meade had become impatient at the slow progress
made in the advance of the Second Corps, by reason of the left
of the Corps waiting to keep its connection with the Sixth,
so he ordered General Birney, soon after noon, to push the left
wing of his Corps forward without regard to the position of the
Sixth Corps. This was what gave the enemy the opportunity
he was looking for. Then, perhaps, the left flank of the
Corps, in its advanced position, ought to have been better
protected by facing to the south some of the -brigades on the
extreme left of the Corps, to prevent just what occurred. It
was openly charged and talked among the officers and men at
the time that some of the officers at Division and Corps head
quarters were unfit for duty by reason of intoxication.
Official wrath had to be visited upon somebody, and so
General Gibbon, smarting under a sense of mortification,

Corporal John Day Smith, Co. F.

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 209
relieved General Pierce, who was in no wise at fault, and as
signed Colonel William BlaisdeU, of the Eleventh Massachusetts
Volunteers, to the command of our Brigade. Colonel Blaisdell
was from Boston and nearly fifty years old, but was a brave,
faithful officer. He was killed the next day after assuming
command of the Brigade.
That portion of his report relating to this engagement, made
by Captain Spaulding, who had returned two days before and
was in command of the Regiment on this day, is as follows : "At
three o'clock in the morning of June 22nd, advanced to the
skirmish line and commenced throwing up earthworks under
destructive fire. Occupied this line until about two in the
aftemoon, when the troops on the left were discovered to be
falling back. It was impossible to change front in that position,
as the enemy in our old front would have an enfilading fire of
artillery and infantry on our line. The Regiment held this
position until the enemy were close upon its left flank and rear,
when it was compelled to retire, losing heavily in killed, wound
ed and prisoners. The Regiment was then placed on the left
of the line, which was immediately formed to retake the battery
and works lost. Advanced twice with that line upon the enemy.
The casualties on this day were very numerous. The colors
fell three times, the men who successively bore them being
shot dead." In 1892 the writer went over the battle ground of the i8th
and 22nd of June, 1864, in company with General Mahone.
This Confederate officer commanded the troops that made us
so much trouble on the Jerusalem plank road, on June 22nd„
General Mahone was hospitable and presented the writer with
a Confederate map of the battlefield, and made to him the
following statement:
'On the morning of June 22nd, 1864, my division and the division
of Wilcox occupied the ground in front of the Second Corps, Army of
the Potomac. My headquarters were in the rear of the ground after
ward occupied by Fort Mahone. On that morning. General Lee rode
up to my tent and sat on his horse, looking through his field-glass,
where my skirmishers were quite briskly engaged with those of General
Gibbon. During the preceding night and early in the morning of this
day, Gibbon's skirmishers had been pushed out in front, and his line of
battle advanced through the woods up to the edge of the clearing, which,
{n some places, extended to our lines. After finishing his inspection,

210 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
he put up his field-glass, and, turning to me, said : 'General, I don't want
the Federals to advance any further in this direction.' I replied : 'Gen
eral Lee, do I imderstand that you wish me to drive them back?' Lee
.E^aswered: 'You understand me correctly, sir.' And, having saluted me
in the most formal manner, he rode back toward the city.
''I knew every foot of the ground in and around JPetersburg. There
^as quite a deep ravine near the right of my division, which extended
down toward and beyond the Federal line. I sent my scouts down
this gully, asking them to report to me as soon as possible the result of
their observations. General Wilcox, who was not under my immediate
command, wished to accompany me with a portion of his division. My
scouts reported to me that the place where this ravine came out into the
Federal lines was not occupied by troops, but that the left flank of the
Federal line was some little distance from this ravine. They also re
ported that there was a line of battle evidently pushing its way through
tbe woods, a considerable distance to the rear and on the right of this
valley. That body of troops was evidently the Sixth Corps. I formed
my plan at once, to push my division down into this gap between the
Second and Sixth Corps, and endeavor to get into the rear of the Second
Corps. I took most of my division along, leaving a part of a brigade
in my original line of battle, and hurried down this ravine until I had
reached the rear of the left flank of the Second Corps, and, as far as I
CQuld ascertain, without having been observed by any of the Federal
troops. I hastily formed my division for a charge along the rear of the
Federal line, from its left flank toward its right. I requested General
Wilcox to accompany me, as a support, with the small force which he
had. He insisted, however, that he ought to move farther to the right
and strike some portion of the Sixth Corps. I confess, I was pretty
indignant when he started on his wild goose chase. My appearance
upon the left flank and rear of the Federal line was a complete surprise
to them. There was a regiment or two upon their left flank which were
easily brushed aside.
"The Federal troops were wilUng enough to run, but the difficulty
^(as, they didn't know which way to start. We captured those who
hesitated and those who could not run as fast as my men. Many of
my troops stopped to drive the prisoners over toward our lines, so that
by the time I had reached McKnight's Battery and captured that, the
force of my charge was nearly spent. I pressed my troops forward,
however, and I would think that I reached a point some ten or twelve
rods beyond this battery. Just before reaching McKnight's Battery,
Wilcox rode up, following the sound of my guns and trailing along in
the rear, and asked me where he should go. I told him he might go to
h.._.l_ for all I cared. His troops had accomphshed nothing. In the
meantime, the Federals had recovered somewhat from their stampede,
and I hastily gathered the spoils of victory and withdrew to my
original line, practically unmolested. I felt, at the close of the day,
that I had done something toward evening up the score which the
enemy made at Spottsylvania, on May 12th."
From June 15th to the 30th, the losses in the Army of the
Potomac were reported at over 13,500, nearly 4000 of whom
were prisoners. The Second Corps loss was reported at 6600,
afid of this nurnber about 2300 were prisoners. The reports
do. not show the losses on the i6th, 17th, i8th and 22nd sepr

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 211
arately. General Walker states that the Second Corps lost in
prisoners on the 22nd of June, 1700 men. These losses would
not seem so large if we had had any substantial fruits to show
for them. Of course some damage had been inflicted upon
the enemy, but nothing to compensate for our heavy losses.
The list below shows how the Nineteenth fared on this day :
CASUALTIES OF REGIMENT AT THE BATTLE OP JERUSALEM
PLANK ROAD.
June 22nd, 1864.
Second '{Lieutenant Lafayette Carver, Company I, mortally
wounded, died same day. Company A.
Sergeant Hiram W. Gage, wounded.
Company B.
Sergeant Charles W. Hopkins (4th Me.), wounded; Charles A.
Chandler, wounded, died July 2nd at Corps Hospital; Erastus T.
Wilson, wounded. Co-mpany C.
Sergeant Preston J. Carter (4th Me.), killed with colors in his
hand; Alfred Keene, kiUed; Orrin Sargent, killed; Asa Douglas (4th
Me.), wounded; Albert Grover (4th Me.), wounded; Albert J. Gray,
wounded. Company D.
Oliver Cromwell, wounded; Henry Martin, (4th Me.) wounded.
Co-mpany E.
Judah Cilley, wounded, died in Carver General Hospital, August
30th; John C. Pinkham, wounded. Company F.
Corporal Richard H. Spear, killed, June 23rd; Corporal John
Day Smith, wounded; Thomas Hefieran, wounded.
Co-mpany G.
Corporal Charles R. Powers, wounded, died July 22nd, David's
Island, N. Y. Harbor; George F. Doe, wounded, June 23rd; Daniel B.
Hanson, wounded; Corporal Orrin P. Smart, wounded, June 23rd.
Company I.
Corporal Otis Little, killed; Corporal Harrison B. Bowley,
wounded. Company K.
Sergeant George E. Grows, wounded, died July 7th, 1864; Ser
geant Stephen P. Trafton, wounded; Corporal Charles B. Flinn,
wounded; Albert W. Bryer (4th Me.), wounded, died July 7th, 1864;
Amasa P. Jackson, wounded; John S. Chapman, wounded, died of
wounds, July 27th; John H. Williams, wounded.
PRISONERS.Company A.
Corporal Perham Heald.
Privates — Richard Alium (4th Me.), Geo. H. Baker (4th Me.),
WiUiam Crosby, (4th Me.), died in Andersonville Sept. 12th, 1864;
Benjamin F. Charles, John R. George, Sylvanus B. Hatch (4th Me.),

212 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Joseph F. Ingalls, George W. Jackson (4th Me.), Henry Leavitt, died
Andersonville, Sept. 12th, 1864 (other reports state died Nov. 1st,
1864); John W. Meader, M. W. McManus (4th Me.), WilUam H. Not-
tage, Joseph A. Overlock, Sanford B. Sylvester (4th Me.), Manuel
SideUnger (4th Me.), Bradford B. Wells, David WilUams.
Company B.
Judson Dexter (4th Me.), Edwin O. Sanborn.
Company D.
Sergeant John F. Frost; Corporal Levi M. Poor.
Privates — Oliver CromweU, died October 18, 1864; Joseph E.
Clark, (4th Me.), died in prison, October 2; James B. Eaton, (4th Me.),
Hiram B. HofEses, died at Andersonville, December 27th, 1864; Joha
Huzzey, John Jones, William F. Moody, Charles W. Merrill (4th Me.),
Myrick Perham, John F. Russ (4th Me.), John A. White, died Ander
sonville, October 1st. Company E.
John Carr, died in prison, September 15th; Augustus Campbell,
Henry N. Tyzaac. Company F.
Sergeant Philip H. Foster.
Privates — J. C. Briggs, died at Andersonville, August 8th;
Patrick Bray (4th Me.), N. O. Gowell, died Andersonville, January
llth, 1865 ; William Howard, Maxim Layois, Freeman Jones (4th Me.),
Isaac Jordon (4th Me.), died Andersonville prison, Feb. 6, '65; Charles
A. Wood (4th Me.). Company G.
James Ballard, died Andersonville prison, Oct. 11, '64, erroneously
reported deserted ; William H. Jackman, Peter Lee, Alfred J. Marston,
died at Andersonville, September 12th.
Company H.
Charles Prescott, died Andersonville, January 7th, 1865.
Company I.
Corporal Warren B. Thorndike, died Andersonville, March 20th,
1865; Corporal Alden W. Dyer, Joseph Boardway (4th Me.), Augus
tus Burgin, (4th Me.), died Andersonville prison, Sept. llth, '64;
Francis Kelley, Jeremiah KeUey, (4th Me.), died Andersonville prison,
Oct. 28th; Andrew J. Miles, Francis fMuUigan, Joseph H. Norton,
EUjah Ware, J. B. Walker, Edwin Savage, Andrew Springer, G. E.
Sherwood. Company K.
Corporal Nathaniel C. McFariand, wounded and prisoner , died An-
dersonvflle March 13, '65; Reuben Gibbs, died, Andersonville prison,
January 23rd, 1865. RECAPITULATION.
Killed and mortally wounded - 12
Wounded, not fatally - 1^
Prisoneis, of whom at least 18 died in prison -  66
Total - 97
Concerning the engagement of June 22nd, B. F. Fairbanks,
of Company H, writes: "The Confederates made a sudden
and unexpected dash upon us from the left flank and rear and
captured portions of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 213
Massachusetts Regiments and a goodly number of the Nine
teenth Maine. To save ourselves, we were obliged to fall back
from our works. After a short time we re-formed, when a
charge was ordered, and Captain Spaulding led us. Theenemy
made a stubborn resistance, but was finally driven back over
our works. I remember distinctly of seeing the cook of one
of the company officers coming up to us with a gun in his hands
as we were about to charge. He had been taking a little too
much firewater and was full of fight. 1 noticed him a little
to my left and I do not think he knew which company he was
in, or where he belonged. I saw him afterward fall, mortally
wounded. In this charge a ball struck my cartridge box and
a minute later one struck the barrel of my rifle. The firing kept
up between the lines until late in the night. The pitch on a
dry tree, a few rods in front of us, had caught fire by some
means and made quite an illumination. It was after dark,
and this fire gave the enemy a little better view of us at this
point. I heard some officer order a soldier to go and put out
the fire, with a canteen of water. In obeying the order, the
soldier succeeded in partly extinguishing the blaze. The
same officer sent a second soldier to see what had become of the
first. The second soldier found the first one dead near the tree
and he himself was wounded before he got back to our lines."
Corporal W. S.Vinal, of Company I, who was taken prisoner
on this occasion, gives the following description of his exper
iences :
"On'the 22nd day of June, '64, the Regiment was lying in front
of Petersburg near the plank road, where ithe enemy made an attack on
the left, broke the Union Une and captured some 2000 prisoners, fifty-
five being from the Nineteenth Maine. The most of them were taken
from the right of the Regiment. We were marched to rebel headquarters
where they deprived us of our haversacks, shelter tents and blankets — •
what I caUed putting us in light marching order. Then some of us
who were captured on the right of the line were marched into the city
Petersburg and confined in some buildings along the river which were
used before the war for tobacco warehouses. Those taken from the
left of the line were held above the city, and on the following morning
we joined them. On the 24th of June we were taken to Richmond,
where some were placed in Libby Prison and the others were sent to
Belle Island, in the James river. This is where the boys of the Regi
ment were separated. I was confined with those who were in Libby,
¦« here we remained about one week. During this time we were taken
into a room, a few at a time, and searched for money or anything of

214 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
value, which was taken from us. From Libby Prison we were sent by
train to Lynchburg. A few days before we arrived there our cavalry
made a sweep down through that country and tore up about twenty
miles of railroad track between Lynchburg and Danville, so when wq
got to Lynchburg we had to march from there to Danville, a distance
of about seventy miles. We were given three days' rations for the
march through and were four days making the distance. Our rations
lasted about two days, so the last two days we had to go without any
thing to eat. We reached Danville the night of the Fourth of July and
left there the 6th, arriving at Andersonville on the 9th of July. At
that time there were about twenty thousand prisoners confined there,
and from that time on they were bringing in new prisoners about every
day. The same day I reached there I was talking with one of the old
prisoners, who told me he was from the Nineteenth Maine, I think, of
Company F.i As I remember, he said he was captured at Gettysburg,
on the skirmish line, July 3rd, 1863. He was on Belle Island the winter
before, and the spring after the stockade was built he was sent down to
Andersonville. I don't know whether he got home or not. They com
menced to take prisoners out of Andersonville about the first of Septem
ber. At that time there were about 3000 men taken from the stockade
and sent around to different prisons, and this was where our boys be
came separated. There was quite a number of us kept together, and
we were the last ones to get out of the stockade. About the middle of
October we were sent to Millen and placed in the stockade there. It
was about ninety miles from Savannah. We remained there until
November. I suppose the reason for moving us from place to place was
to keep us away from Sherman's Army. We were taken out of the
Millen prison about the middle of November and were infonned that
we were to be removed to Savannah for parole. We left the prison
about eight o'clock one cold and stormy night, but remained at the
station until nearly morning, when we were placed on the train and
sent to Savannah. We arrived there in the aftemoon, and then were
taken a short distance from the station and placed in a field, with a
guard around us, where we were kept until the following day. It was
very cold. Eleven of the boys, those who were weakest and feeblest,
were frozen during the night. The next aftemoon we were loaded on
to some platform cars. I now supposed that we were going down the
river to be paroled, but the next day we brought up at Blackshear,
about ninety miles south of Savannah. Here we were taken some
distance from the town, near a stream. A guard was placed around the
encampment and artillery was also stationed at different points. Here
were collected about 6000 prisoners within this enclosure. One day
they brought us tables and writing materials, took out 3000, paroled
them and sent them to Savannah. Next day they took another thou
sand and paroled them. They did not send them away, but kept them
by themselves. The next day they put the last thousand, which they
did not send away, in with the rest of the prisoners. On the following
day, the second thousand they sent to Savannah, and the first thousand
they sent away. I learned afterwards they carried them to SaUsbury,
North Carolina. We remained at Blackshear a short time, when we
were packed again into box cars and sent down to Thomasville and
put into about such a place as we had at Blackshear. After remaining
here for two or three weeks, one morning we had orders to 'fall in,' and
w6 were compelled to march to Albany, a distance of seventy-five miles.
1 This man was probably Corporal George W. Andrews, Com
pany G; BU Noyes, Company B, or John H. Estes, Coriipany H.

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 2I5
From Albany we took the train to Andersonville, arriving there De
cember 25th, '64. In this awful place we remained until the next
spring. There were about 8,000 prisoners in this stockade during the
winter. The Confederates commenced to take the prisoners out again
the last of March and send them through to Vicksburg. They sent
through that way 4,000 and the rest of us remained in the stockade until
April 22nd, 1865, when they commenced to take us out again. A
number of the Nineteenth men came out among the last thousand.
About nine o'clock on the morning of April 22nd we were placed oil a
box car and remained there until the next morning, when we were
sent down to Albany, a small village about forty miles south of Ander
sonville. From there we marched through to Thomasville, about
seventy-five miles from Abany, and then took the train to Lakeside,
Florida, where we arrived on the 27th of April. That night a quarter
master came into camp and told us we were to draw two days' rations
and on the next morning we were to be sent into our lines. We drew
our rations that night, and on the following morning two trains came
down from the city and took about one-half of our number and carried
them out on the road forty miles to a station called Baldwin. They
returned and took the remainder of us about three o'clock. We reached
Baldwin about five o'clock and remained there about an hour.
At last — Oh ! at last — they told us to go, and we went without a second
invitation. We tramped on through their picket line, which was about
one half-mile from the station, and followed the railroad through to
Jacksonville, Florida, a distance of about twenty-five miles. We went
within a few miles of the city that night and the next morning went into
the city. We were about as ragged and dirty a set of fellows as you
could wish to see. We got into Jacksonville the morning of the 29th Of
April, remained there about a week and were sent home and discharged
from the service. Many of our regiment — among them Corporal Levi
M. Poor, of Company D, residing at Agusta, went into our lines wa
Vicksburg. "I have purposely omitted from this account the scenes of in
describable cruelty, suffering and horror in those awful prison pens.
No one can ever know what our boys suffered, except the knowledge
be had through bitter experience. It all comes back to me like an
awful nightmare after all the years that have passed since the long
months of hunger, sickness and brutality."
This somewhat extended statement of (Corporal Vinal is
given because it is a fair sample of the experiences of our men,
captured on the 22nd of June.
Another soldier of the Nineteenth, captured on the same
day, writes :
"The first man I met on the inside of the stockade at
Andersonville, whom I knew, was our Sergeant-Major, W. A.
Wood. He looked at us as we marched into the prison., and,
with tears in his eyes, said: 'My God, boys, you don't know
what a terrible place you have come to.' You remember what
a clean, neat young fellow our Sergeant-Major was. WeU, he
looked then like all the rest of us. 1 was impressed by the

2l6

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

expression of hopelessness in the faces of neariy all of the pris
oners." On the 23rd of June the Regiment moved somewhat to
the right, where there was sharp picket firing in the afternoon,
but no general engagement. Sergeant Richard H. Spear, of
Company F, was killed in the afternoon by a sharpshooter
v/hile dividing up rations for the company. Sergeant Spear
was a young man of education and promise and exceptionally
brave in the face of danger. There was some terrific cannon
ading between the lines on the morning of the 24th, and by noon
the Regiment was relieved. On Saturday, June 25th, we
rested all day in the hot sand. There was heavy firing, both
artillery and infantry, at night on the right. It was a very hot
day, and the movement of the troops and wagons kept the air
filled with clouds of dust. The Regiment, together with the
Brigade, eariy in the day of June 27th, moved toward the
left flank of the army and formed in line of battle. We were
sent out in support of the picket Hne, where we remained until
six o'clock the next afternoon, when we were relieved and
rejoined the Brigade. On the 29th we again moved to the
front with the Brigade and relieved a portion of the Sixth Corps,
occupying the breastworks which they had built. Here we
remained until July ist. It was cloudy, hot and dusty. The
Regiment was mustered at ten o'clock the 30th of June — the
lists being made on old slips of paper. On the night of July ist
an attempt was made at dress-parade. It was a parade, but
the men looked like tramps. The next day we moved about
half a mile to the right and formed line of battle in support of
the line occupying the breastworks there. We remained
some time in this place. The only celebration of the Fourth of
July consisted in throwing a few shells into Petersburg. It
vi/as almost impossible to obtain water suitable for drinking
purposes. On the 5th there was considerable picket firing, and
on the 7th heavy cannonading to the right. July Sth we re
ceived the joyful news of the destruction of the "Alabama,"
the Confederate privateer, and the somewhat startling news of
the invasion of Maryland and the threatening of Washington
by the Confederate General Early, who had quietly withdrawn

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 217
from the intrenchments at Cold Harbor on the 13th of June and
started northward for the Shenandoah Valley. The details for
work on the fortifications were heavy during these days. The
troops of our Division on the 9th of July moved into the works
in the front, relieving the Sixth Corps, which had been sum
moned to take steamers for Washington to beat back Early's
troops from Maryland soil.
On June nth, 1864, General Burnside wrote to General
Meade, complaining that one WUliam Swinton, a correspondent
of the New York Times, had written to his paper a libel upon the
Ninth Corps and upon himself. He requested from General
Meade the privilege of having Swinton arrested and paraded
through the camps of his corps with a placard marked : " Libeler
of the Press," and expelled from the lines of the army. This
was a dose of medicine that had been administered to one
Edward Crapsey, a correspondent of the PhUadelphia En
quirer, five days previously.
Mr. Swinton was a scholarly man of excellent character,
but quite free in his criticism of the generals in command of
the troops in what he regarded as useless slaughter of the men.
He possessed the art of compressing into a sentence or para
graph a bit of characterization that would long cling to a man
through weal or woe. He had referred to Meade's "excessive
circumspection" and written of a certain battle: ' Where, oh
where, meanwhUe, was Burnside!" He thus incurred the
wrath of Burnside and, later, the hostility of General Meade.
On July 6th, 1864, Swinton, together with a correspondent
of the New York Tribune, was ordered to leave the army, the
order having been made by General Meade, at the direction of
General Grant. After the war, Swinton wrote "The Cam
paigns of the Army of the Potomac" and numerous other books,
and later became professor of belles lettres in the University of
California. General Grant, in his "Memoirs," speaks of Mr.
Swinton as having "surreptitiously followed the army." In
the order expeUing him, however, he is designated as a "duly
registered correspondent."
Mr. Swinton is, concededly, one of the fairest and most ac
curate historians of the war. In speaking of Swinton's History,

2l8 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
General Hancock wrote, after the war, that he believed "that
the Army of the Potomac had been fortunate in its historian
and that Swinton's array of facts will not hereafter be surpassed
in accuracy." Afterthe expulsion from the army of Mr. Crapsey and Mr.
Swinton, many of the newspaper correspondents in writing of
the movements of the Army of the Potomac would not make
any mention of General Meade, by name, nor make any refer
ence to him. No doubt General Meade suffered in reputation
from the disguised hostility of many Northern papers. His
haughty, disagreeable manners were, no doubt, partly respon
sible for this condition of things. Early in the campaign.
May 13, 1864, General Grant wrote to Secretary Stanton as
follows; "General Meade has more than met my most san
guine expectations. He and Sherman are the fittest officers
for large commands I have ever come in contact with." In
the summer of 1885, when writing his Personal Memoirs, and
on his death bed. General Grant placed on record the following
estimate of General Meade: "He was an officer of great merit,
with drawbacks to his usefulness that were beyond his control.
* * * * He was unfortunately of a temper that would get
beyond his control, at times, and make him speak to officers
of high rank in a most offensive manner. No one saw this
fault more plainly than he himself and no one regretted it
more. This made it unpleasant at times, even in battle, for
those around him to approach him even with information. In
spite of this defect, he was a most valuable officer and de
serves a high place in the annals of his country."
- Charles A. Dana, in writing from City Point to Secretary
Stanton, under date of July 7th, 1864, made the following
severe criticism of General Meade:
' 'A change in the commander of the Army of the Potomac now seems
probable. Grant has great confidence in Meade, and is much attached
to him personally, but the most universal dislike of Meade which pre
vails among the officers of every rank who come in contact with him,
and the difficulty of doing business with him felt by every one except
Grant himself, so greatly impair his capacities for usefulness and render
success under his command so doubtful that Grant seems to be coming
to the conviction that he must be relieved. The facts in the matter
have come very slowly to my knowledge, and it was not until yesterday
that I became certain of some of the most important. I nave long

BATTLE OF JERUSALEM PLANK ROAD 219
known Meade to be a man of the worst possible temper, especially
towards his subordinates. I do not think he has a friend in the army.
No man, no matter what his business or his service, approaches him
without being insulted in one way or another, and his own staff officers
do not dare to speak to him, unless first spoken to, for fear of either
sneers or curses. The latter, however, I have never heard him indulge
in very violently, but he is said to apply them often without occasion
and without reason. At the same time, as far as I am able to ascertain,
his generals have lost their confidence in him as a commander. His
order for the last series of assaults upon Petersburg, in which he lost
10,000 men without gaining any decisive advantage, was to the effect
that he had found it impracticable to secure the cooperation of corps
commanders, and therefore each one was to attack on his own account
and do the best he could by himself. *****
For instance, I know that General Wright has said to a confidential
friend that all of Meade's attacks have been made without brains and
without generalship. The subject came to pretty full discussion at
Grant's headquarters last night on occasion of a correspondence be
tween Meade and Wilson *******
This started the conversation in which Grant expressed himself quite
frankly as to the general trouble with Meade and his fear that it would
become necessary to relieve him. In such event, he said, it would be
necessary to put Hancock in command."
Mr. Dana was at this time Assistant Secretary of War
and was with the army for the purpose of communicating con
fidentially with the President and Mr. Stanton respecting the
progress and outlook of the campaign being prosecuted by
the Army of the Potomac. WhUe the statements of Mr. Dana
as to the hostile attitude of the officers of the army toward
General Meade are doubtless somewhat exaggerated, yet they re
veal somewhat the sentiments of General Grant and other
officers high in command. Mr. Dana's letter is inserted here
for the further reason that it shows General Grant's high esti
mate of General Hancock, the popular commander of the Second
Corps. Late in July, General Grant addressed the following
letter to President Lincoln : "City Point, Va., July 25th, 1864.
President A. Lincoln: After the late raid into Maryland had ex
pended itself, seeing the necessity of having the four departments of
the Susquehanna, the Middle, West Virginia, and Washington under
one head, I recommend that they be merged into one. * * *
It would suit me equally well to call the four departments referred to,
a military division, and to have placed in command of it General Meade.
In this case, I would suggest General Hancock for the command of the
Army of the Potomac, and General Gibbon for the command of the
Second Corps.
"Hoping that you will see this matter in the light I do, I havethe
honor to subscribe myself, etc.,
"U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General."

220 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
It is evident that this recommendation did not appeal very
strongly to the President, because he never acted upon it.
President Lincoln was wiser than General Grant.

DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY PLAINS 221

CHAPTER XIII.

BATTLES OF DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY
PLAINS.
On July 9th, Captain Spaulding, who was in command of
the Regiment, was detailed for court-martial duty at the
Second Corps headquarters. He records in his diary that on
the trial of a Commissary of subsistence, General Barlow ap
peared as a witness for the prosecution and General Miles for
the defense. On July nth, Captain Spaulding states that
Barlow appeared as counsel for another officer, who was being
tried by this august court, and made' a most eloquent plea in
his behalf. Just before daylight on the morning of the 12th, the Corps
withdrew from the trenches and marched to the left and rear
for nearly a mUe and closed en masse, near the Williams house.
It was terribly hot. We remained there aU day and until the
next morning, when the Brigade marched about a mile and a
half to the right and formed in two lines. Here we laid out a
regular camp and policed the grounds. Stumps were cut down
and the company streets leveled. The men wondered whether
this laborious task was imposed upon them for the purpose of
preparing a camp in which to stop some time and rest, or
whether it was done simply to keep them at work and prevent
them from resting. When we moved, a couple of days later,
the opinion seemed to be unanimous that it was done for the
latter purpose.
On the night of the 15th there was a light rain, which cooled
the air after a long hot spell. Constant complaint was made by
the men that they were unable to obtain decent drinking water.
On Sunday, July 17th, religious services were held in the even
ing. On this day a First Lieutenant's commission in Company
A, was received by Second Lieutenant Henry Sewell. Captain

222 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Parsons, who was wounded in the Wilderness, returned to us on
July 20th and reported for duty. The Regiment moved fre
quently, first to the right and then to the left, working on an
unfinished fort here and building breastworks there, until the
26th. Captain Whitehouse returned for duty with his Com
pany on July 23rd, having been wounded on the 6th of May.
The Regiment, with the Corps, started late Tuesday after
noon, July 26th, and marched all night toward the right. The
head of the column arrived at the pontoon bridge over the
Appomattox at Point of Rocks at ten o'clock at night. We
crossed the river at sunrise on the morning of July 27th and
proceeded toward Deep Bottom, leaving Bermuda Hundred on
the right. Bariow's Division, which was at the head of the
column, reached the lower of the two pontoon bridges at the
northern part of Jones' Neck at about three o'clock in the morn
ing. « This territory over which we marched between the Ap
pomattox and James rivers was ground occupied by Butler's
Army. General Grant said that, by reason of its position,
Butler's command was as useless for offensive operations "as
if it had been in a bottle, strongly corked."
There were two bridges across the James river, one above
and one below Bailey's creek. This creek is five or six miles
long, runs due south and empties into the James. The Second
Corps crossed the lower bridge at six or seven o'clock in the
morning. The pontoon bridge over which we crossed was
thickly covered with hay, to prevent the enemy from hearing
the tramp of the horses' feet and the wheels of the artUlery.
Captain Spaulding, in his official report as the command
ing officer of the Regiment, states that, after crossing the river
early on the morningof July 27th," the Regiment was soon after
deployed as skirmishers and, advancing nearly a mile through
the woods, met and engaged the enemy. Was relieved and
rejoined the Brigade after dark. The two following days the
Regiment did not meet the enemy, but was employed in build
ing breastworks and throwing up earthworks." Our position
on the 27th was on the left of the Corps line, with Barlow on our
immediate right. In the morning of July 28th our Division
was relieved by a portion of the Eighteenth Corps and marched

DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY PLAINS 223
to the right, in support of General Sheridan. Our left was then
on the New Market and Long Bridge road. Sheridan drove the
enemy from his front, so we had no serious work to do.
During the 27th and 28th of July, the gunboat "Mendota"
did very effective work, firing over our lines fifteen-inch shells.
These projectiles generally landed where they were most needed
and kept the "Johnnies" sidestepping in a very lively manner.
Our only loss in the engagement at Deep Bottom, July
25th to 28th, was Lewis Ordway, (4th Me.), of Company A,
who was mortally wounded and died July 28th.
This is sometimes called the First Deep Bottom engage
ment, inasmuch as the battle of Strawberry Plains, fought the
middle of August, 1864, is often called the Battle of Deep
Bottom. By this expedition to the north side of the James, Grant
hoped that Hancock and Sheridan might together break
through the enemy's lines and attempt to capture Richmond by
a sudden dash. If we faUed in that, it was believed that the
demonstration would draw a large force from Lee's army to the
north side of the James, and thus prepare the way for exploding
Burnside's mine in front of Petersburg. In one way the move
ment was a success. More than one-half of the Confederate
army was drawn to the north side of the James river. General
Grant rode along our line on the afternoon of July 27th. The
First Division captured a few prisoners and four splendid
twenty-pound Parrotts, with their caissons. This was regarded
as a pretty good exchange for McKnight's guns, captured from
us on the Jerusalem plank road. The loss of the Second Corps
on this expedition was some less than two hundred, of which
forty-five occurred in our Division.
We recrossed the James on the night of July 29th and
marched all night, arriving in the rear of the Eighteenth Corps,
in front of Petersburg, early in the morning of July 30th. The
Nineteenth saw from a distance the explosion of the "Burnside
mine." We could see the dirt, smoke and debris in the air and
hear the crashing roar of the artillery. That was all. A kind
Providence kept the Second Corps out of this day's disgrace.
At dark we moved back to the same position we had occupied

224 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
before starting for Deep Bottom. The Regiment remained
here until Friday, August 12th, heavy details being made daily
for fatigue duty.
August 4th was National Fast day, and no unnecessary
work was done on that day. On Sunday, August 7th, the
Nineteenth attended religious services at Division headquarters.
A single regiment of seventy-five or a hundred tired, dirty
soldiers would not inspire much enthusiasm for a Chaplain's
sermon, so it came about that religious services were frequently
held at Division or Brigade headquarters.
There is not much pleasure in describing our second ex
pedition to Deep Bottom. It is now conceded by all that it
was planned through a misconception of the facts and executed
without adequate preparation. As one of the men expressed
it, we "lit out" at three o'clock in the afternoon of August 12th
and, after a hard march, our Corps arrived at City Point at ten
o'clock, and bivouacked for the night. At four o'clock in the
afternoon of August 13th, all of the infantry of the Second Corps,
with the intention of deceiving the enemy, embarked on board
of transports. The idea was to encourage the belief that we
were going to Washington, and that was what General Grant
wanted the "Johnnies" to think. The "Daniel Webster,"
"Prometheus," "Columbia," and "City of Albany" were among
the steamers on which we embarked. Having gone down the
James river about five miles, we then, at ten o'clock at night,
turned and steamed up again to Deep Bottom. It was a
terribly hot night and the mosquitoes were distressingly thick.
The men of the Regiment who were present in this expedition
may forget battles and the detaUs of campaigns, but they will
always remember the experiences of this night and the scorch
ing heat of the next day. The men could neither sleep nor rest.
The transports arrived at Jones' Neck near Deep Bottom,
just before daylight on Sunday morning, the 14th of August.
Engineers or quartermasters or somebody else had for
gotten that it would not be the proper thing for the soldiers to
jump into the James river and swim ashore. The tide had
gone out, the water was low and one of the larger steamers
grounded. Many of the transports were ill-adapted to this use.

DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY PLAINS 225
A few light-draught river steamers would have been of great
service at this time. No wharf or platform had been construct
ed upon which the troops could land. One of the smaller
steamers was run close to the shore and used as a sort of a
bridge over which some of the soldiers from the larger steamers
landed. Some time from six to seven o'clock, our Division,
now under command of Colonel Thomas A. Smyth, went ashore
in sight of the enemy's scouts, on the other side of Jones' Neck
toward Chapin's Bluff. Well, the men felt a good deal Hke
boys who had stolen around and come up to the old farmer's
melon patch from the rear and saw the farmer, with a buUdog
and shotgun, calmly looking over the fence into their faces and
wearing a smile that was not reassuring.
General Birney, who was in command of the Tenth Corps,
was operating with his troops on the west side of Bailey's creek.
He broke through a portion of the enemy's line and captured
four guns and some prisoners. He crossed to the east side of
the creek on the 15th and joined Hancock's forces.
After a short stop at the landing place, we marched across
Strawberry Plains toward the New Market road. The old
Pottery, where the Regiment was a little more than two weeks
before, was on our left. Here the Regiment formed in line of
battle and remained untU afternoon. The heat was simply
suffocating. For forty successive days no rain of any account
had fallen. Springs had dried up and the land was parched and
dry. Clouds of dust were raised by the tramping soldiers, and
everything partook of the color of the soil. As the Nineteenth
pushed out toward the New Market road, men dead and men
dying from sunstroke were lying by the sides of the road.
A little after noon our Brigade was sent to help out General
Barlow. The Regiments of the Brigade were massed in a corn
field, near an old roadway that led into the New Market road.
A portion of Barlow's Division had been ordered forward and
had been driven back by the enemy. General Barlow had
command now of both the First and Second Divisions. After
he was unable to accomplish anything with his own Division, he
ordered up our Brigade, now commanded by Colonel Macy, of
the Twentieth Massachusetts, to make an assault on the enemy's

226 THE NINETEENTH MEINA GEGIMtNT
line. This attack upon the enemy was near Fussell's Mill.
General Hancock in his report states that he expected Bartow
to attack with the greater portion of his two Divisions. Instead
of doing that, and after his own Division had faUed him, he
ordered our small Brigade to attack the enemy's line. The
following description of this charge is thus recorded in Captain
Spaulding's diary:
"In making this charge, it appeared that our losses were fearful.
There was a deep gulch between the point of starting and the enemy's
line. The hills on each side were very steep. These hills were covered
with running blackberry vines, which tripped the men in running down
hill, causing very many of them to fall. At that time it was thought
that all of these men were killed or wounded by the fire of theenemy.
At the bottom, two ditches or streams ran along, about four rods apart.
The Nineteenth Maine and First Minnesota crossed the first and advanced
to the second, which was right under the enemy's works. We saw
nothing all day long of any general or staff officers. After dark, I
directed Captain Parsons to go back to the other ditch and down that
to the left to find the Brigade. He did so and went on until he reached
hearing distance of the enemy, and found that the Brigade had retired
without rendering us notice or orders. The Nineteenth Maine and First
Minnesota then retired to within the new lines, and late at night found
the Brigade." Captain Spaulding, in his official report of the Battle of
Strawberry Plains, commends "the bravery and noble daring
of Sergeant Clarendon W. Gray, Color-Sergeant of the Regi
ment." Sergeant Gray was from Stockton, entering the service
in 1861, when eighteen years of age, in Company 1, Fourth
Maine Regiment, and two months before this battle was trans
ferred to the Nineteenth. -44e was promoted, December 2nd,
1864, to be Second Lieutenant of Company B.
Captain Parsons, in "Maine at Gettysburg," thus describes
the movements of the Regiment during this expedition :
"Toward night of the 13th it went on board transports, which
dropped down the river a few miles and lay at anchor until in the night,
whenthey turned and steamed up river to Strawberry Plains, where early
in the morning of the 14th it disembarked and marched to Deep Bottom;
after considerable delay it formed line of battle along Bailey's creek at
right angles to the river, the Tenth Corps on the left. The Nineteenth
formed the extreme right of the Second Corps, reaching Fassett s
miU with Gregg's Cavalry Division on the right flank. General
Barlow, who was to make the attack, as he was desirous of winning
promotion, had been placed in command of the First and Second
Divisions of the Second Corps. He had succeeded in getting only the
extreme right Brigade in position when the attack was ordered. The
line was formed just back of the crest of a ridge; in front was a deep

DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY PLAINS 227
ravine, through which flowed the creek below the mill. The enemy
was posted in rifle-pits on the opposite crest. Colonel Macy, who com
manded the Brigade, remaining on his horse, on ground where no officer
could go moimted, was -soon injtired by the stumbling of his horse and
taken to the rear. The command to charge having been given, the
Brigade advanced double-quick; the left soon entered a heavy timber,
the right moving over the crest, down the open bluff, across the creek,
where it was obstructed by a thicket of underbrush so dense that a
single man could not penetrate without difficulty. The only opening
through this thicket was a narrow cart-road. The Regiinent halted
immediately under the rifle-pits of the enemy, where it remained until
after dark not receiving any communication from general or staff-
officers. Finding itself deserted by the troops on its lett, without orders
it withdrew by the right flank across the mill-dam and joined its Divi
sion in the rear. On the 18th it was under a severe artillery fire when
two attacks were made by the enemy on Jour line."
General Barlow, who commanded the right portion of the
line, thus complains of the soldiers :
"None of the troops that came under my observation that
day behaved with their usual vigor and gallantry under fire."
He distinctly states in his report that his own Division
would not do his bidding, and then adds :
"Therefore, I ordered the First Brigade of the Second
Division to advance upon the works."
In this charge. Major Patten, commanding the Twentieth
Massachusetts, was mortally wounded. The Regiment on
subsequent days was not engaged, but was under severe artil
lery fire. A Brigade of cavalry, including the First Maine, under
command of General Irvin Gregg, did some brilliant work on
August 1 6th on our right. Th^y charged in column of fours
across the creek, capturing the enemy's intrenchments, and
chased the "Johnnies" up the Charles City road to White
Tavern, about six miles from Richmond. The Confederate
General Chambliss was kUled in this engagement, and his
body was buried by our men. Under a fiag of truce, the
enemy subsequently carried the body of General Chambliss
within its own lines.
While waiting in this locality, some of the boys had a
genuine feast on apples and green com.
Colonel Chaplin, of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, was
mortally wounded on the picket Hne on the 17th of August —
probably shot by a Confederate sharpshooter. General De

228 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Trobriand, his Brigade commander, subsequently stated that
Colonel Chaplin was struck "a mortal blow" on the i8th of
June, at Petersburg, by the useless " butchery" of his Regiment.
When Colonel Chaplin saw his men "sacrificed under his eyes
by a fantasy as deadly as useless, a melancholy discouragement
took hold of him." He was a brave officer and greatly loved
by his Regiment.
During the night of the i6th, General Grant ordered a
fleet of steamers from City Point to Deep Bottom. These
steamers returned to City Point before daylight on the following
morning. The object of this display was to convey the im
pression to the enemy that the Union force was withdrawing
and induce him to come out of his works and attack. The ruse
was not successful. The troops opposed to the Union forces
were the Divisions of Field, Wilcox and Mahone, with Hamp
ton's and W. H. F. Lee's Cavalry Divisions. At the same
time that General Hancock was operating north of the James,
General Warren was pushing for the right flank of the Confed
erate army on the Weldon railroad. These movements kept
General Lee guessing as to where the next attempt would be
made on his widely extended lines.
At dark on August 20th, we started back across the James,
our Division leading. We crossed the upper pontoon bridge
and moved on toward Petersburg.
The loss of the Second Corps in this expedition was report
ed as 915 killed, wounded and missing. This engagement is
sometimes called the "Battle of Strawberry Plains," and
sometimes "Deep Bottom." Strawberry Plains covers quite
an extent of territory somewhat nearer the James than the
place where the severest fighting had occurred. It was nearer
the battlefield, however, than Deep Bottom. Shortly before
the close of the war. General Meade issued General Order No. 10,
from headquarters, Army of the Potomac, prescribing the
battles each regiment would be entitled to place upon its flags.
Among the names of the battles in which it had "borne a meri
torious part," the Nineteenth Maine Volunteers was ordered to
inscribe upon the colors of the Regiment the battle of "Straw
berry Plains." The last engagement described in this narrative

DEEP BOTTOM AND STRAWBERRY PLAINS 229
is the only battle that can properly be designated by that name.
This engagement at Strawberry Plains was the last in
which General D. B. Birney figured. He entered the service
in April, 1861, as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty-Third
Pennsylvania Infantry, and was promoted through the
successive grades, and became a Major-General before
the Battle of Gettysburg. In the Battle of Strawberry
Plains, he was in command of the Tenth Corps, to which
position he was assigned on the 23rd of July. Gen
eral Birney started out in the beginning of the Wil
derness campaign as commander of the Third Division,
Second Army Corps. Once or twice he had been temporarily
in command of the Second Corps. He was regarded as an able
and successful Division commander. Brigadier-General Wil
liam Birney, a brother of David B., commanded a Brigade of
colored troops in the Tenth Corps. In connection with General
Terry, he had advanced his Brigade against the enemy's works
above Fussell's mUl and carried them, but the troops were un
able to hold them for any great length of time.
These brothers were born in Alabama and were sons of
James G. Birney, who was also a Southern man by birth, but
who was driven out of the South because of his anti-slavery
views. As a candidate of the Liberal party, James G. Birney
ran for President in 1840 and 1844. On October loth, 1864,
General D. B. Birney, broken in health by reason of the ex
posure and hardships of the campaign, reluctantly asked for a
leave of absence from the army. He went to his home in
Philadelphia, where he died October i8th, 1864. His brother,
William Birney, lived in the city of Washington after the war,
where he was honored by the Government in being appointed
to important official positions, and where he recently died.
CASUALTIES OF THE REGIMENT IN THE BATTLE OF STRAW
BERRY PLAINS.
August 14th to 18th, 1864.
Company A.
Llewellyn Lincoln, (4th Me.), wounded, August 14th.
Company B.
Corporal Samuel N. Robertson, wounded, August 14th.
Company D.
Jeremiah M. Cromwell, wounded, August 14th.

230 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Company F.
Thomas A. Baker, wounded and prisoner, August 14th; Fred
erick Culombe, (4th Me.), wounded and prisoner, August 14th.
Company G.
Henry C. Davis, (4th lile.), mortally wounded and died, August
14th. Company K.
Sergeant Thomas M. Hagan, wounded, August 14th; Richard
M. BlaisdeU, wounded, August 14th.

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD ,231

CHAPTER XIV.

BATTLES OF REAMS' STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD.
The Regiment did not arrive in the vicinity of Petersburg
from the north side of the James, until Sunday morning, the
2 1st of August. It was a tiresome and exhausting march.
Mott's Division, at this time, was not with the other two
Divisions of the Corps, but was holding a portion of the in
trenchments around Petersburg, west of the Jerusalem road.
Scarcely had the jaded men of the Regiment hobbled back to
Petersburg and thrown themselves upon the ground to rest,
when the First and Second Divisions, under command of Miles
and Gibbon, respectively, were ordered to move beyond the left
of the army to destroy a portion of the Weldon railroad. The
boys felt that they were entitled to rest long enough
to get their breath. They were dead tired. The ex
pressions used by the men, when ordered to " fall in,"
were not such as one hears in polite society, and
the writer wiU not shock the reader by putting them in print.
At noon the two Divisions filed into the road and marched
southwest several miles and began throwing up breastworks
near the Strong house. About three o'clock in the afternoon,
Hancock conducted the Divisions across the country in a wester
ly direction, and massed the troops in the rear of the Fifth Corps,
south of Dr. Gurley's residence. It had rained all day and all
night on the 19th of August, and it rained nearly all night on
the 2 1 St. The country through which the troops marched was
very wet. The Regiment passed the night in the mud and
rain. The men were tired enough to sleep anywhere, pro
vided they could keep their heads above water. On Monday,
the 22nd, the Nineteenth, with the Second Division, was per
mitted to rest during the day.
Since August i8th. General Warren, with two Divisions of
the Fifth Corps, and later reinforced by two Divisions of the

232 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Ninth, had been manoeuvering and fighting in this locality.
Warren had done excellent work and had taken possession of
the Weldon railroad near Globe Tavern and destroyed the road
for some distance, both north and south. He was directed to
hold the ground he had gained at all hazards. Many of the
same Confederate troops that had opposed Warren here, later
confronted Hancock at Reams' Station.
The First Division of our Corps, under command of General
Miles, was ordered, on the afternoon of August 22nd, to move
south on the Weldon railroad about two miles to the Perkins
house, destroying the railroad as the Division advanced. The
next day the Division pushed on and destroyed the railroad to
within one mile of Reams' Station. General Barlow returned
from the hospital during the day and resumed command of the
Division, which, by reason of his illness and his old wounds,
he only retained one day.
On the afternoon of Tuesday, August 23rd, the Nineteenth
marched to the left several miles with the Second Division,
following the general direction of the First Division. The
Regiment was routed out at three o'clock in the morning of
August 24th and marched to Reams' Station, reaching that
place a little after sunrise. The First Division had destroyed
the railroad from Globe Tavern nearly to Reams'. The two
Divisions were united at this place. The station house had
been burned, but there was an old church and a few scattering
houses not far from the place where the station had stood. The
country was flat and generally covered with woods. Two
country roads intersect the railroad at this point, one leading to
the Jerusalem plank road on the east and the Dinwiddie stage
road, running from the railroad westerly to the Vaughn road and
thence to Dinwiddie Court House. Then there was the Halifax
road, parallel to the railroad and running north to Petersburg.
A statement of distances may aid the reader in under
standing the movements of the troops during the battle. The
Jerusalem plank road is less than four miles east of Reams'
Station. The Globe Tavern, where Warren had his headquar
ters, was four miles south of Petersburg and between four and
five mUes north of Reams' Station. The Weldon railroad runs

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 233
directly south from Petersburg. During the 25th of August,
General Meade was at Warren's headquarters.
The two small Divisions of the Second Corps were under
command of Hancock, and in the battle the First Division was
commanded by MUes and the Second Division by Gibbon.
There were three small Brigades in each Division. The First
Brigade of the First Division was commanded by Colonel
James C. Lynch. Colonel Crandall commanded the con
solidated Brigade, and the Fourth Brigade was commanded by
Lieutenant-Colonel K. O. Broady. Upon Broady's being
wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel WUliam Glenny succeeded to
the command of the Brigade. In the Second Division, the
First Brigade, to which the Nineteenth belonged, was com
manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Rugg, of the Fifty-ninth New
York. The Second Brigade was commanded by Colonel
Mathew Murphy, One Hundred and Eighty-second New York,
and the Third Brigade by Colonel Thomas A. Smyth, of the
First Delaware Volunteers.
There were at Reams' Station the remains of some earth
works which had been thrown up, either by the cavalry or the
Sixth Corps, when a raid had been made through this region
some weeks before. These poorly constructed intrenchments
were formed something like three sides of a rectangle, with the
shortest side or end of the rectangle facing west and one of the
longer sides facing north and the other south. The angle at
tTie southwest corner was slightly acute and at the northeast
corner the angle was somewhat obtuse. The intrenchments
facing west were seven hundred yards long and those facing
north and south were each from eight hundred to a thousand
yards in length. The side without intrenchments of any kind
faced the Jerusalem plank road. An old church stood inside
these works. The line of works facing west were a few yards
west of and parallel with the railroad. The railroad, within
the intrenchments, for a portion of the distance was in a cut
and for a part of the distance above grade. The Halifax road
ran parallel with and east of the railroad. Brown's Rhode
Island Battery and Sleeper's Massachusetts Battery were within

234 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
the intrenchments, west of the railroad, during the engagement,
and were both captured by the enemy.
About nine o'clock on the morning of August 25th, the
Regiment started south from Reams' Station, moving down
the railroad with the other Regiments of the Brigade and de
stroying the raUroad as the men advanced. Smyth's Third
Brigade had the advance. The Regiment found an opportunity
during the forenoon, while resting in a cornfield, to feast on
green corn and sweet potatoes. If the men had known what
was in store for them before the sun went down, they would
not have had such good appetites. The Regiment had gone
hardly two miles south of Reams' Station, when sharp firing
.began in front and to the right of the line, in the direction of
Rowanty creek. The railroad had been destroyed to the
Malone's bridge road, a little over two miles south of Reams',
and it was at this point that Hampton's Confederate Cavalry
was encountered.
The Regiments of Smyth's Brigade were at once deployed
as skirmishers on the right of the raUroad, and the Nineteenth
Maine, with some of the other regiments of the Brigade, formed
in line of battle on the east side and nearly at right angles with
the railroad. The Seventh Michigan and Fifty-ninth New
York were advanced as skirmishers. About noon the troops
were ordered to fall back to the station. Now let Captain
Spaulding, who commanded the Regiment, describe the battle.
The following is his official report :
"Headquarters Nineteenth Maine Volunteers, 1
August 30th, 1864. J
"Sir: I have the honor to report that this Regiment reached
Reams' Station on the morning of the 24th instant and was engaged
in the forenoon of this day in destroying the railroad.
"On the morning of the 2 Sth instant, the Regiment advanced
with the Brigade down the railroad about one mile from the station
and formed on the east side and nearly at right angles with the railroad.
In the aftemoon we marched back and lay in support of the First Divi
sion during the first two attacks of the enemy upon that line. The
Regiment, together with the Nineteenth Massachusetts, was then
marched to the left and took position, making connection between the
Second and Third Brigades, the part of the line occupied by those Regi
ments running at nearly right angles with the railroad. It was here
exposed to the most terrific enfilading fire of artillery. It participated
in the charge led by Colonel Smyth upon the enemy that occupied the
works taken from the First Division. The charge proving unsuccessful

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 235
the Regiment fell back to the works it had left and formed Une of
battle upon the front side of the works, facing the enemy, who were
now in the rear of this Une. While in this position the enemy advanced
up near our old front and both flanks, when the Regiment again changed
front and engaged the enemy. It held its position here until the
troops feU back upon its right and left, when it was obliged to fall back
to the woods, where it again formed line and remained until about ten
p. m., when it inarched with the Brigade back to the rear.
"I am, Captain, very respectfully. Your obedient servant,
J, W. Spaulding,
Captain commanding.
"Captain J. E. Curtiss,
"Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, First Brigade."
The following is a copy of an article in the Portland Evening
Express of January 8th, 1887, written by Lieutenant-Colonel
J.W. Spaulding:
"At the Reunion of the Vermont Officers Association, held at
Montpelier, November 3rd, 1886, General Francis A. Walker, of Boston,
whose intimate relations with General Hancock during the war, as his
Adjutant-General, gives peculiar significance to anything he may say
relating to the military career of that great General, in an eloquent
address upon the military character and services of Major-General
Winfield S. Hancock, said : 'Time will not serve to tell the story of the
blackest of days in the calendar of the gallant leader of the Second
Corps, when on the 25th of August after his men had lost nearly 20,000
men in battle since it crossed the Rapidan on the 3rd of May, two of
his decimated Divisions, scarce 6S00 strong, caught in the ill-constructed
intrenchments at Reams' Station, were driven from a portion of
their works by repeated assaults from a superior force, with the loss
of seven standards, nine cannon and 1700 prisoners. The agony of
that day never passed away from the proud soldier, who, for the first
time, in spite of superhuman exertions and reckless exposure on his
part, saw his lines broken and his guns taken.'
"All who witnessed the daring and valor of General Hancock upon
the field at Reams' Station, when a part of General Miles' Division was
broken and routed by the enemy, will attest to the truthfulness of what
the soldier-orator says of his conduct that day.
"The pubUshed accounts of the engagement at Reams' Station
have failed to do justice, however, to the men who fought upon the field.
"General Humphreys states in the 'Virginia Campaigns of '64
and '65 ¦¦ 'General Hancock said that if his troops had behaved as
well as they had done before, he would have been able to defeat the
enemy.' If this remark was intended to apply only to the small por
tion who gave way at the third charge of the enemy, it undoubtedly
states no more than the truth; but if it was intended to include all the
troops there engaged, it as much fails to do justice to gallant men, as
it might reflect upon commanding generals to say, if they had ma-
noeuvered with their accustomed skill, that small body of Union troops
would not have been caught in that awkward position by such an over
whelming force of the enemy.
"It will be remembered that the fight at Reams' Station was
brought about in this way : The First and Second Divisions of the

236

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Second Corps and Gregg's Cavalry, aU under command of General
Hancock, were charged with the work of destroying the Weldon and
Petersburg railroad, down as far as Rowanty creek, about eight miles
below Reams' Station.
"By the evening of August 24th the command had completely
destroyed the road to a point three miles south of Reams' Station.
During the day the signal officers along the line in front of Petersburg
had reported large bodies of the enemy's infantry passing south,
probably directed against Hancock, whose command could easily have
been withdrawn or reinforced during the night. The morning of the
25th found the enemy's cavalry supported by infantry across the left
front. At a little after noon the troops were drawn back to Reams'
Station, where there were some intrenchments, though badly arranged,
having been hastily constructed by other troops on a former occasion.
The First Division was placed on the right, in works running southerly,
parallel with and just west of the railroad, and facing westerly; two
Brigades of the Second Division were placed in some slight works
running northeasterly from the railroad and facing southeasterly; and
the other Brigade of that Division was formed along the railroad in
support of the First Division. The line of battle thus formed a V-shape,
and this enabled the enemy to so place his artillery opposite the apex
as to completely enfilade the lines of both Divisions. Still the works
in front of the First Division were such as to enable them to withstand
any assault of infantry, and they did gallantly repulse two charges by
a large force of the enemy's infantry, at about five o'clock in the after
noon, At this point of time, the Nineteenth Maine and the Nineteenth
Massachusetts, two of the supporting regiments, were moved to the
center of the left wing to fill a gap between the two Brigades on that
part of the line.
"When the enemy again charged, a portion of the First Division
gave away, whether from demoralization caused by the artillery fire,
or from having seen the support drawn from their rear, or from
some other reason, it would be hard to tell. It was sufficient, however,
to let the Rebel forces, in largely superior numbers, through, and give
them the possession of that part of the line which had been occupied
by the First Division. This gave them a position in the rear of our
left wing, which was already engaged with a strong Une of Rebel skirin-
ishers in their front. A portion of the line were ordered to tum their
backs upon the Rebel skirmish line in their front and charge the enemy,
now in the rear. The troops responded with alacrity and were led in
person by General Thomas A. Smyth, 1 who was one of the most gallant
and dashing of the Union Generals. But the task was too great, and
the small force returned to the line from which it advanced, just in
time to receive and repel a charge from the enemy, coming up in the old
front ; then quickly facing about it engaged the enemy in the opposite
quarter. Thus the small line fought, facing first to the front then to

1 General Smyth was born in Ireland, and entered the service,
October 17th, 1861, as Major of the First Delaware Infantry. He was
promoted to be Brigadier-General October 1st, 1864, after having
been recommended for promotion many times. General Smyth was
mortally wounded at Farmville, Virginia, April 7th, 1865, and died
two days later. He had been distinguished for bravery and good
judgment in nearly every battle in which the Second Corps participated
in 1864-65, and was the last general officer who was killed in the Union
armies during the war.

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 237
the rear. I remember the Nineteenth Maine changed from one Ri,ie
of the works to the other four times during the engagement. Men ne\-er
fought with greater coolness, courage or confidence than those along
that line, and that, too, under the most demoralizing circumstances
and surroundings. The position was held until a column of the enemy
was discovered moving around the left, which was met, however, and
resisted by our cavalry ; but when the movement was discovered orders
were given to retire from that line. Then occurred an incident which
often happened at such times. The Nineteenth Maine being detached
from its Brigade did not receive the orders, and that, with the dusk of
evening and certain natural obstructions which intercepted its view,
as well as the fact that its attention was concentrated upon the active
work in hand in both front and rear, the Regiment did not learn of the
movement of the balance of the line until all others had completely
withdrawn, and the Rebel infantry fire came at once upon both flanks.
"A hurried examination disclosed the position of affairs, when the
Regiment proceeded to rejoin the troops in the rear. In that move
ment the Nineteenth Maine lost, among the wounded, one of the brav
est and most intelligent officers of the Une in the army. Captain Charles
E. Nash, of Augusta. To him was really due the preservation of the
entire Regiment, for he first discovered its isolated position. He was
dangerously wounded while running the gauntlet, when retiring from
that position.
"The Regiment had no sooner gained the shelter of the friendly
woods, where were assembled the rest of the Division, when General
Hancock, riding alone, inquired, 'What regiment?' On receiving the
answer, he exclaimed, with an expletive, 'The Nineteenth Maine will
go anywhere ! Deploy by the fence on the edge of the field in front and
hold that postion.' The order was no sooner given than it was obeyed
and the position held until midnight, when all of the forces were with
drawn. "If any criticism is to be made upon the conduct of the Second
Division upon that day, it cannot be applied to the men who carried
muskets. They obeyed every order with the coolness, courage, in
telligence and loyalty worthy of the reputation and record made by
the Corps and its brilliant commander."
The foregoing is produced here because it gives a truthful
and unbiased description of the Regiment's experience in this
battle. The soldiers of the Nineteenth, who were present in
this action, claim that it is the only just and fair statement
which they have ever seen.
Captain Nash, who was severely wounded in this battle,
was a brave and popular officer. When he entered the service
he was, by profession, a newspaper editor, and possessed
marked literary ability. He never returned to the Regiment,
but was discharged November 28th. After his discharge
from the army. Captain Nash was several times Mayor of
Augusta and filled other important official positions. He died
only a few years ago. Had Captain Nash lived, he would have

238 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
been the proper person to have written the history of the
Nineteenth, in whose brilliant achievements he always took
so much pride.
During the severe fighting at Reams' Station, Brigadier-
General David McM. Gregg, with about 2000 men from his
Division of Cavalry, was under command of Hancock and did
excellent work on the skirmish line and flanks of the infantry.
Charles H. Smith, then Colonel of the First Maine Cavalry,
commanded a Brigade in this engagement. When Hampton's
Confederate Cavalry was pushing up from the south and the
southwest, they bumped up against the First Maine Cavalry,
dismounted and armed with sixteen shooters and stationed on
the outskirts of a swamp. The Confederates backed up and
concluded to try some place where it would be easier to break
through. There has been a good deal of controversy over the battle
at this place. The writer believes that here, as well as on the
Jerusalem plank road, June 22nd, the men in the ranks were not
responsible for the disaster to the Second Corps. Soldiers do
not like to be shot down in front and on both flanks at the same
time. The men who carry rifles do not plan battles, and they
do not have the privilege of investigating to see whether their
flanks are protected, or where the enemy may be found, except
as they are ordered to do so by their superior officers. General
Hancock was ordered to take two of his Divisions, Gibbon and
Barlow, leaving the largest Division behind, immediately after
returning from an exhausting expedition to Strawberry Plains,
and hasten beyond the left of our army to destroy the Weldon
railroad. We had succeeded in destroying a long stretch of the
railroad and some valuable property. Every indication pointed
to an attack by the Confederate infantry sent to oppose us.
General Meade knew this better than Hancock and had advised
him of the large force moving toward his front. Why these
two small Divisions of the Second Corps should have been thrust
out into the enemy's country, without support, and kept there,
designedly, to be fallen upon by overwhelming numbers of the
enemy and uselessly sacrificed, is pretty hard to explain.
General Hancock had at Reams' Station only 6500 infantry

j^ c

CXas. S.A^'s^

REA.MS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 239
and less than 2000 cavalry. The forces of the enemy were
under the immediate command of General A. P. Hill. He had,
including nearly 4000 cavalry under Hampton, from 14,000 to
16,000 men.
Now let the reader call to mind the fact that within four
miles of Hancock's position, and connected by telegraph and
the Halifax road running north to Warren's and Meade's
headquarters, there were more than 20,000 Union soldiers lying
idle behind their breastworks. These brave men were within
sound of Hancock's guns and at the word would gladly have
gone to the relief of Miles and Gibbon, The Divisions of Griffin
and Crawford of the Fifth Corps, and Willcox and White of the
Ninth, were South of the Globe Tavern. For all practical pur
poses, they might as well have been on another planet.
A little before three o'clock in the afternoon, Willcox, with
his Division of the Ninth Corps, was ordered to reinforce Han
cock. Instead of going directly down the Halifax road, within
three and a half miles, and striking the Confederates on their
left flank, he was ordered by Meade to go around by the way
of the Jerusalem plank road, a distance of twelve miles. The
mildest term which can appropriately be applied to such
generalship is blundering incapacity. It is now conceded by
everyone who has knowledge of the facts that General Meade
could have reinforced Hancock at Reams' Station by a force of
10,000 men, and that they could have gone down the Halifax
road and reached Hancock in one hour's time. Our men had
been grumbling because they had been obliged to continuously
fight the Confederates in their intrenchments. The opportunity
was now presented when they would fight us in the open or in
whatever earthworks we had constructed.
Here is the testimony of General Willcox, who, with his
Division, was sent to the rehef of Hancock:
"I proposed to the officer who brought me my orders to march
straight down the railroad, four or five miles at most, and join Hancock
at once, instead of marching around twelve miles by the plank road.
I was told that there was some apprehension of the enemy's getting
round Hancock's left and rear, andthat I must look out for that side.
We passed the Gurley house at 3:55 ,marched across lots to the plank
road and down to the crossroads at Shay's Tavern, where we arrived
before six, and received a message from Hancock calling me up rapidly.

240 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
My troops were in good spirits. They heard the cannon firing and felt
that, having assisted Warren of late materially and in the nick of an
extremity, they were rather honored by this call from the grand old
Second Corps, and we pushed ahead at a swinging gait. * * *
I pushed on, without halting, until seven o'clock, when I received word
that if one or two Brigades could be got up in time the day might yet
be saved. This was communicated to the troops, who threw off their
blanket rolls and started at a double quick, which they kept up, with
few breathing intervals, the rest of the way until I reported to Han
cock."! Willcox was too late to be of any assistance. His Division
did not come within a mUe of the battlefield, although eager
to render service. Before WUlcox reported to Hancock, many
of Miles' and Gibbon's soldiers were marching to the rear of the
Confederate lines, prisoners of war. Scores of mangled and
bleeding forms were lying across the railroad, and in front and
in the rear of these worthless intrenchments — a barren sacrifice.
General Francis A. Walker, serving on Hancock's stafi", was
taken prisoner. He states that when conducted to the head
quarters of the Confederate General Wilcox, he was asked who
the brave officer was on the right of our line, who did such
splendid work, rallying the troops. When informed that it was
General Nelson A. Miles, General Wilcox paid a fine compli
ment to his daring.
The gallant record of General Miles recalls the fact that
when he enlisted in 1861 in the Twenty-second Massachusetts
Infantry, the Governor of that State refused to give Miles a
Captain's commission, because he was too young for so im
portant a place! So he was made First Lieutenant, and a few
months later he was invited by those who saw the young officer's
promise, to become the Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixty-first
New York Volunteers. This fine Regiment gave to the Union
cause two Major-Generals — Barlow and Miles.
Three of the regiments which had come to the army since
the beginning of the Wilderness campaign lost their colors at
Reams' Station. On the 30th of August, Gibbon, as command
er of our Division, issued an order depriving these regiments of
their right to carry colors until, by their conduct in battle,
they should show themselves competent to protect them. This
order was approved by Meade. Sometime afterward, General
1 Battles and Leaders, Vol. 4, p. 572.

REA.MS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 241
Hancock raised an objection to singling out these three com
paratively new regiments, whose commanders had been killed
in battle, and not have the order apply to all regiments whose
flags had been captured in battle by the enemy. His reference
was particularly to the Fifteenth and Nineteenth Massachusetts
Regiments, whose flags had been captured on the Jerusalem
plank road, and the Twentieth Massachusetts, whose flag and
many of whose soldiers were captured at Reams' Station. The
Nineteenth Maine never suffered the humiliation of having its
flag captured by the enemy. It had several times been forced
back by the Confederates, and three successive color-bearers
were killed in one battle, but no Confederate ever laid his
hands upon the colors of the Nineteenth Maine.
As nearly as can be ascertained, the Union losses at Reams'
Station in the Second Corps and in the batteries were 85 killed,
380 wounded, and 1733 missing. Of the killed, nearly one-
fourth were commissioned officers — an unusually large percent
age. Practically all of the missing were taken prisoners.
During the three days at Reams', the cavalry lost about 150.
' General Hill, the Confederate commander, reported his
loss at 720. This was certainly a reasonable price to pay for
five twelve-pound Napoleon guns, four three-inch rifle guns, ten
caissons, 3000 rifles, thirty horses, eight or ten battle flags and
over 1700 prisoners, all of which the Confederates captured in
this engagement, and the killing or wounding of over 500 Union
men. HUl claimed they took 2150 prisoners, but they didn't.
He doubtless understated their loss, too. There was no attempt
on the part of the Confederates to follow up the Union troops
when they fell back.
LOSSES OF THE NINETEENTH MAINE AT THE BATTLE
OF REAMS' STATION.
August 25th, 1864.
Captain Charles E. Nash, Company C, wounded.
Co-mpany A.
Tilly Huff, prisoner. Company B.
Abijah N. Clay (4th Me.), killed; First Sergeant Darius S. Richards
wounded; Alonzo V. Gregory, prisoner; Navard Grover (4th Me.),
prisoner; Adoniram D. HaU, prisoner.

242 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Company C.
John W. Barnes, prisoner; James H. Flanders, prisoner, died
Nov. 27th. Company D.
James Pierce (4th Me.), wounded; Christian Anderson, prisoner;
James O. Bean, prisoner while detached in Artillery Brigade; died
January 15th, 1865, Salisbury Prison; Enoch Hollis, Jr.,^risoner;
William R. Sawyer, prisoner; John W. Young, prisoner.
Company E.
Benjamin Knowles (4th Me.), wounded;! Joseph E. Famham (4th
Me.), wounded; Charles D. Poor, (4th Me.), wounded; Elisha P. Rich
ards (4th Me.), prisoner; Benjamin Roberts (4th Me.), prisoner; died
in Rebel prison, Nov. 23rd; Marcellus Freeman, prisoner.
Company F.
Leonard B. Ricker, prisoner; died a prisoner Nov. Sth.
Company G.
George F. Doe, killed; William Murphy, prisoner; ZeUa W.
Young, prisoner ; Albert Quimby, prisoner, died a prisoner of war (date
of capture also given Aug. 30, '64).
Company H.
George Fuller, wounded; Andrew J. Bashford, prisoner; Frank
Fields, prisoner; Cyrus L. Ring (4th Me.), prisoner; died in Salisbury
prison December 1st, 1864; Charles H. Stewart, prisoner; George L,
Smith, prisoner; died October 28th, paroled prisoner at Anapolis, Md^
Company I.
Leverett S. Boynton (4th Me.), prisoner, died in prison Noy. 27th;
Peter Larkin, prisoner, died Andersonville prison Oct. 20th; Charles
Miles (4th Me.), prisoner; Charles H. Powell, prisoner; Freeman
York, prisoner. Company K.
George H. Brown, prisoner; Edward B. Curtis, prisoner; William
Greenwood, prisoner; Maurice Murray, prisoner.
RECAPITULATION.
Killed and mortally wounded 2
Wounded, not fatally - 7
Prisoners, nine of whom died in prison 33
Total - 42
Let us close the history of Reams' Station and forget the
gross injustice which has been done the men who carried rifles
in this battle, by the writers of history.
On Friday, the 26th of August, the Regiment went back to
the Petersburg intrenchments and took position in the old works
vacated by us on the 12th of July. On September nth, the
army began the use of "Grant's Railroad," as it was then called
by the men. This road ran from City Point to places along the
rear of our lines, with the western terminal on the Weldon rail
road. It was a great convenience to the army.

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 243
In the early days of September, Generals Grant and
Meade, somewhat mystified by the movements of thfe Confeder
ates, and by the persistent rumor that Early was on his way
from the Valley to join Lee, began to fortify, in anticipation of
any attack that might be made upon our left flank and rear by
the enemy coming up from the Halifax and Jerusalem roads.
Works were constructed, heavy guns planted and streets were
cut from the forts on the main line to the rear, so every organi
zation would have a road to facilitate rapid movements. In
case an attack should be made by a heavy force of the enemy
passing around our left flank, it was thought that the main line
of works facing Petersburg might be held by 2000 men for each
mile of intrenchments, while the remainder of the troops might
be spared to oppose any attack of the enemy from the left or
rear. But the fear was groundless. In fact, Sheridan was pre
paring a series of entertainments for Early that kept him busy
in the Valley for the balance of the season.
On the night of September 9th, General De Trobriand, with
a portion of his Brigade from Mott's Division, made a night
attack upon a portion of the Confederate picket line near the
Jerusalem plank road. In a hand-to-hand fight he captured
the pickets, turned their works, and during the hours of darkness
strengthened them, so that they were thereafter retained.
General Gibbon was assigned temporarUy to the command
of the Eighteenth Corps on September 4th, and remained away
untU September 25th. During his absence, Colonel Smyth
commanded the Division.
Beef was a scarce article in the Confederate camps, whUe
we had an abundance. General Meade kept his herd of cattle
for our supply some miles down the James from City Point, and
south of the river, near Sycamore church. Good grazing ground
was found' there. It was placing a great temptation before the
eyes of the hungry Confederates. General Hampton, with a
force of cavalry, left the right of the Confederate lines and
marched down on the west side of Rowanty creek, stole along
the rear of our army from left to right, and went after our fresh
meat. He made a night attack September i6th, and captured
the cattle guards and 2400 beef cattle. You cannot make a

244 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Very rapid march with a large herd of cattle, yet strange to
say, the "Johnnies" got away with the whole herd. They had
to drive them from fifty to a hundred miles, and yet the Un
ion forces gave them practically no annoyance during their
return march. The result of losing our beef supply was the
Substitution of salt codfish for our meat diet, for awhile. After
being carried in a dirty haversack and wet a few times, codfish
is not a specially inviting diet. A comrade from Company A
Writes, with relation to his experiences at this time: "When
ever I become sick or dissatisfied with food furnished me at
home, I think of that stinking salt codfish we had to eat in
the early fall of 1864, and a spirit of sweet contentment
sweeps over my soul."
The late Colonel Starbird, in his lifetime, furnished the
following information:
"Of the thirty independent companies organized in Maine in 1854
and 1865, the fifth was assigned to the Nineteenth Regiment, then
stationed in the works in front of Petersburg. This Company was
organized October 4th, 1864, and reported to the Regiment October
22nd, with three officers and sixty-four men. Addison W. Lewis was
Captain, Edward B. Sargent, First Lieutenant, and Charles Bennett,
Second Lieutenant. This Company, as an eleventh company, partic
ipated with the Regiment in the engagement on the Boydton plank
road, October 27th, and received its first baptism of fire, where they
bore themselves with the coolness and steadiness of veterans. As
might be supposed, an odd number of companies, with the eleventh
company very much larger than any of the others, and deficient in
the knowledge which actual service gives, made the Regiment un
wieldy and impaired its efficiency. For the good of the service, the
War Department directed that both officers and men of the new com
pany be distributed among the companies of the Regiment. This was
done in November, 1864. Each officer and non-commissioned officer
was given the same rank and position held by him in the unassigned
company. Naturally, they disliked to lose their identity as a company.
It was surprising how quickly they became assimilated with the men
who had seen more than two years of field service. In a very short
time one could not tell a new from an old soldier. So it proved to the
end. These new troops served with the Regiment until the close of
the war. "Major J. W. Welch had been commissioned Colonel, vice Colonel
Selden Connor, promoted to Brigadier-General. Captain W. H. Fogler
was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, vice Cunningham, resigned, and
Captain I. W. Starbird to Major, in place of Major Welch, promoted,
all under date of August 16th, 1864.
"Colonel J. W. Welch was discharged for disability, October 21,
1864, on his resignation. Major Starbird, who had been in temporary
command of the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Regi
ment, on being returned, assumed command of the Nineteenth on the
"24th, being the only field officer present in the field."

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON KOAD 245
The Expedition to the Boydton plank road, near the last
of October, 1 864, was the last effort made by Grant and Meade
to reach the South Side railroad during the year. It had been
the hope of those in command to compel the evacuation of
Petersburg before winter, by getting and holding a position on
this raUroad which was the last of the great avenues connecting
Petersburg, from the south and west, with the outside Con
federacy. The plan was to have Hancock take two Divisions
of the Second Corps, the Second and Third, under the command
of Egan and Mott, respectively, pass over the Weldon raUroad
south of the Union fortifications, cross Hatcher's run below,
Armstrong's mill, and then push forward and get possession of
the Boydton plank road. Then Hancock was to follow the
Boydton road north, recrossing Hatcher's run at Burgess'
mill, and from that point push for the South Side railroad.
Hatcher's run flows east as far as the Boydton road, but shortly
afterward makes a turn and then runs almost due south for
several miles. It flows through a region covered with woods
and an undergrowth which was almost as impenetrable as in the
Wilderness. The space between the left of our fortifications and the
region through which Hancock was to move was to be occupied,
simultaneously with Hancock's advance, by portions of the
Fifth and Ninth Corps. General Grant did not believe that the
enemy would be found in force as far west as the Boydton road
at Burgess' mill. We shall see that in this he was in error.
Our Division drew out of the front line of works at half-
past two in the morning of October 26th and took position in the
rear of Fort Bross, not far from the Weldon railroad. At two
o'clock in the afternoon of the 26th, the two Divisions of the
Second Corps, having six days' rations issued to them, marched
to the vicinity of the Robertson house, on the Halifax road, and
rested for the night. The 27th of October was an eventful day
for the Regiment. The troops were off, marching in a westerly
direction, starting a little after three o'clock in the morning.
The three Brigades of our Division, commanded by Lieutenant-
Colonel Rugg, Colonel Willett and General Smyth, respectively,
took the Church road and came into the Vaughn road a little

246

THE NINETEENTH MAI.NE REGIMENT

over two miles from the Halifax road. Then our Division, under
General Egan, advanced toward Hatcher's run. Lieutenant-
Colonel Spalter.of the Fourth Ohio Battallion, was in command
of the skirmish line this day. The skirmishers pushed the Con
federates across Hatcher's run, south of Armstrong's mUl, and
it was here that Colonel Spalter was killed. The Division
crossed the run and took the works of the enemy without much
loss. When on the west side of the creek, our Brigade was put
in advance and followed up the enemy and reached Dabney's
min at quarter past nine in the morning. Here our Brigade
skirmishers captured Major Venable, an officer serving on
Hampton's staff. Mott's Division took position on our left, and
we reached the Boydton road between ten and eleven o'clock.
After throwing out flankers on both sides of the road and skir
mishers in front, the Division turned north on the Boydton
road and toward Hatcher's run. When near Burgess' Tavern,
which is less than half a mile south of Hatcher's run, the
dnemy opened fire on us from a slight elevation south of the run,
to our left. Here a portion of the Regiment was placed on the
skirmish line. The right of our Brigade rested on the Boydton
road and the Second Brigade of our Division was on the right
of the road. The enemy was posted on a ridge running parallel
with, and some five or six hundred yards south of. Hatcher's
fun. Batteries I and C, Fifth United States Artillery, silenced
the Confederate guns, and Smyth's Brigade drove the enemy
across Hatcher's run and secured the bridge in the early after-
rtoon. We were about crossing Hatcher's run at four o'clock in
the afternoon, when the Confederates attacked our right flank
and rear, coming in between the Second Corps and Crawford's
Division of the Ninth.
General Warren had been ordered to send one of his Divis
ions across Hatcher's run and move northwesterly, keeping his
right flank all the time on the creek. The Division assigned by
Warren to perform this duty was that of Crawford. It was in
tended that this movement should serve the purpose of sup
porting Hancock after that officer had reached the Vaughn
road and had begun the march toward Burgess' Tavern.
Crawford crossed Hatcher's run at Armstrong's mill, a short

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 247
distance north of the point where Hancock crossed the same
stream, and a little later in the day Crawford marched up the
west bank of Hatcher's run, with his Division deployed. His
progress was very slow and difficult by reason of the dense
woods and thickets. No orderly formation could be maintained.
After some hours, Crawford had advanced as far up the run
as to be directly opposite some Confederate breastworks. From
where Crawford then was to the position occupied by Hancock
on the Vaughn road was less than a mile, but neither officer knew
of the location of the other.
While these movements were going on, General Lee had
resolved to put the larger part of Hill's Corps across Hatcher's
run and attack Hancock's left flank. A reconnoissance showed
the Confederates that our Division had secured and was holding
the bridge at Burgess' mill, so they were compelled to cross
further down stream. 1 1 so happened that the point of crossing
Hatcher's run by Hill's force was about midway between
Crawford and Hancock. The sound of the guns did not reach
Crawford, owing to the density of the woods and the condition
of the atmosphere. But the Confederates were in a more dan
gerous position than they realized.
McAllister's Third Brigade of Mott's Division and the
Brigades of Smyth and Willett of his own Division, under
General Egan, faced about and charged the enemy's right flank,
capturing hundreds of prisoners and two colors. Major Mitchell,
of Hancock's staff, placed himself at the head of the Thirty-
sixth Wisconsin, charged down the Boydton road, which was in
the possession of the Confederates, and captured two hundred
prisoners and one battle-flag, and put to rout the enemy's line
of battle. The victory was complete, and the Confederates
were glad to draw off and await reinforcements. Our own
Brigade then took position on the right of the Boydton road,
connecting with McAllister's. There were three separate
attacks of the enemy, all of which were repulsed. General
Egan took pains in his report to single out and compliment
the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin and the Eighth New York Heavy
Artillery for their gallantry in this battle. These were two of
the regiments who were deprived of the right to carry colors

248 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
because their flags had been captured by the enemy at Reams'
Station. He said "no troops could have done better" than
these two regiments.
At eleven o'clock at night we marched back to Dabney's
mill. Eariy the next morning the Division recrossed Hatcher's
run south of Armstrong's mill, and reached Fort Bross, October
28th, at five o'clock in the afternoon.
General Hancock's advance on the Boydton road was with
in three and one-half miles of the bridge of the South Side rail
road across Hatcher's run. The result might have been very
different had the troops designed for that purpose been able
to keep the Confederates away from Hancock's right flank and
rear. The losses of the Second and Third Divisions of the Second
Corps at Boydton Plank Road on October 27th, in killed,
wounded and missing, were 1 138. Gregg's Cavalry on our left
flank, and in the attack on our rear, performed distinguished
services. The First Maine Cavalry was under orders to pro
ceed home to be mustered out, but remained and went into
the battle voluntarily and did valuable work.
The Confederates remained in the vicinity of their last
attack during the night and called to their assistance all the
troops that could be gathered. The morning of October 28th,
they began to advance cautiously, intending to annihUate
Hancock, with 18,000 men concentrated during the night, but
Hancock was not there. In the narrative and description given
by Confederate officers of this and other engagements, one finds
much romance and invention.
Silas Adams, of Company F, states that while the Nine
teenth was nearly surrounded by the enemy on the Boydton
road, and the enemy was sending in its compliments from every
direction, the men were somewhat excited and could hardly be
restrained from running to cover. Major Starbird, seeing the
condition of things, and thinking it necessary to relieve the
tension of the men, coolly mounted a rock, took his pipe from his
pocket and proceeded deliberately to fill it. He then lighted it
and began to smoke as calmly as though nothing unusual was
occurring. He was a conspicuous mark for the enemy, but his

reams' station and BOYDTON ROAD 249
example had the desired effect upon the men of the Regiment.
The foUowing is Major Starbird's official report of the battle
on the Boydton Road:
"Headquarters Nineteenth Maine Volunteers,
October 29th, 1864.
"Sir: I have the honor to present the following report of the
movements of the Nineteenth Maine Regiment during the late en
gagement: October 26th, left bivouac near Fort Bross at 2;30 p. m.,
marched to and across the Weldon railroad and bivouacked for the
night at 9 p. m. On the morning of the 27th, left bivouac near Weldon
railroad and marched in a westerly direction; found the enemy in a
slightly fortified position on the west side of Hatcher's creek. The
Regiinent was placed in position in the second Une of battle, which,
advancing, carried the works, capturing a few prisoners. We after
ward marched by the flank to Burgess' mill, where a portion of the Regi
ment was sent on picket, capturing a wagon belonging to the Confeder
ate army. On leaving this place, two companies were thrown out
as flankers, and the march continued to and across the Boydton plank
road, where we formed line of battle on the extreme left of the line,
and exposed to artillery in front and rear. The line then advanced
in good order, and occupied a new position on the left of the plank
road in an open field, and was at one time almost surrounded by in
fantry. Under these trying circumstances the Regiment held the
position with creditable coolness and courage. About 5 p. m. the Regi
ment moved to the right, supporting a portion of the iThird Brigade.
Soon after, an attack was made on our right, when four companies
of the Regiment were sent to that point, — seven companies remained.
Thus the Regiment remained until after dark, when the entire Regi
ment joined the Brigade on the plank road. We then formed a Une on
the plank road, throwing out pickets in front and rear. About twelve
o'clock at night left the plank road and marched back to near Hatcher's
creek, where we remained until 10 : 00 a. m., October 28th, at which time
the Regiment was ordered to occupy the works on the creek captured
the previous day, holding the road until the Division filed past, when
it joined the column and continued the march to near Fort Bross, at
which it arrived at 5 p. m., October 28, 1864. During the engagement,
the Regiment lost one man killed, four men wounded and one supposed
taken prisoner.

"Respectfully submitted.

STARBIRD,
Major commanding Regiment.
"Captain Ryerson,
"Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, First Brigade,
"Second Division, Second Army Corps,"
This fight was called, by the men engaged, the " Bull Ring,"
from the fact that the line of battle was an irregular circle, with
the Union forces on the inside. The Regiment was without
protection, in an open field, and exposed to a destructive fire
from nearly every direction. A battery on our left enfiladed
our line, and was the cause of much injury to the men, including
the death of First Sergeant Heald, of Company A.

250 TNE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
While we were thus exposed to the enemy's fire, an incident
occurred which is deemed worthy of record. Assistant Surgeon
W. H. Randall, the only medical officer on duty with the Regi
ment, came up from the rear and reported. "What in the worid
are you doing up here, doctor? You will be killed," said Major
Starbird. In the coolest manner possible, the doctor replied:
' I thought I would come up and see how you are getting along."
' Get into that hollow and lie down," was the order. He did so.
Not long after, the enemy charged and took possession of a
corduroy bridge across the creek, in our rear. Matters looked
badly for us. The doctor, seeing the action of the enemy,
jumped up and going to the commander, said, in a determined
voice: "Major, if those fellows come up here, by G — d, 1 want
a gun." He was directed to take that of Sergeant Heald, who
had just been killed. It is not necessary to state that the
doctor was promoted. Major Starbird stated that he recalled
no situation during the war more trying or demanding more
coolness or intelligent courage. The Regiment conducted itself
only as intelligent, patriotic men can do under a galling fire.
It received the commendation of the Division commander.
The loss of the Regiment is understated in the official
report, as the following list wiU show:
CASUALTIES OF THE NINETEENTH MAINE IN BATTLE OF
BOYDTON ROAD (ALSO CALLED HATCHER'S RUN).
October 27th, 1864.
Company A.
First Sergeant Thomas M. Heald, mortally wounded, died same
day; Charles H. Bigelow, wounded; Charles E. Day, prisoner, died in
Libby Prison, December 19th. Co-mpany B.
Alvin L. Chapman, wounded. Company E.
Peleg S. Staples, wounded. C-jmpany G.
Lewis A. Moulton, wounded. Company H.
Jonathan Groves, prisoner.

REAMS STATION AND BOYDTON ROAD 25 1
Company I.
Corporal George S. Cobb, 1 killed; Edward Boyne, wounded.
Company K.
James H. Knights, wounded.
Generals Grant and Meade were in the line of the Second
Corps during the battle of Boydton road. After we had got
possession of the bridge over Hatcher's run at Burgess' mill,
the enemy was using his artillery from the north side of the
Run, much to our discomfiture. General Grant rode out into
an open field, to get a better view of the position of the enemy.
His own staff-officers, together with those of Meade, followed,
and they made a good mark for the Confederate batteries.
The group was shelled and one of the orderlies was killed.
General Grant took one of his staff-officers with him and
galloped up the road to within a few yards of the bridge, where
he could see the Confederate line, the lay of the land and the
nature of the banks of the Run. He then coolly rode back to the
Union lines.
While the object of the expedition was not entirely accom
plished, valuable information of the force and position of the
enemy was obtained. So the expedition was not entirely
fruitless in its results. It was not abandoned because the
enemy had been successful in any of its assaults, but for the
reason that General Grant, after personally inspecting the
position and intrenchments of the enemy, did not deem it wise,
under all the conditions, to force the crossing of Hatcher's
run and assault the intrenched position of the Confederate
force. The Regiment remained in position near Fort Bross until
the last day of the month. The muster rolls were made out
at this place.
In October the Regiment lost a number of men in kUled and
wounded, while in the fortifications around Petersburg. Charles
H. Groves, Company A., was wounded October nth; Albert
Thomas, of Company B, was wounded October 8th; Lieutenant
John A. Lord, of Company D, was wounded October 15th, and
was sent to the hospital at City Point; Albert E. Hutchins,
1 Reported on Company Rolls as killed Oct. 17th.

252 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
(4th Me.), Company E, was kUled Oct. 7th, while on picket
and was buried east of Fort Hell. George E. Chase, of Com
pany F, was killed October 22nd, while walking from the rear
to the works in front; Benson Potter, of Company G, was killed
while on picket October 5th; Joseph Nelson, (4th Me.), of the
same Company, was killed October i6th; Albert S. Rowe, (from
Fifth Company unassigned Infantry), also of Company G, was
mortally wounded Oct. 22nd, and died Nov. 25th. Frank
Brown and Byron G. Waters, of Company H, were wounded
October 13th, and the latter died from the effects of his
wound, April 28th, 1865. James M. Tyler, of Company H, was
kiUed by theenemy October 24th. John Simpson, (4th Me.),
Company K, was wounded October 23rd.

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 253

CHAPTER XV.

LAST WINTER IN CAMP AND BATTLE OF
HATCHER'S RUN.
Immediately after returning from the Battle of Boydton
Road, the Regiment was assigned to Fort Haskell, where it
remained untU the 29th day of November. This fort was
named for Frank A. Haskell, the gallant colonel of the Thirty-
sixth Wisconsin, who was kUled while leading our Brigade at
the battle of Cold Harbor. Fort Haskell was between Forts
Stedman and Morton, and was near the extreme right of the
Petersburg intrenchments. It was only a mile, on an air line,
from the Appomattox river. During the occupation of this
fort, the Regiment was constantly exposed to the shot and
shell of the enemy's artillery and the bullets of their sharp
shooters. Soon after our return from the Boydton Road expedition.
Sergeant Silas Adams, of Company F, was promoted Captain
of Company B, Forty-first United States Colored Troops.
From that time until the close of the war, Captain Adams
served on staff duty, with the commanding officer of the Second
Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fifth Corps.
Early in November, 1864, some of our men were doing
picket duty in front of Fort Haskell. There was a pond in
front of the fort and our picket line was between this pond and
the Confederate pickets. On the night of November 5th, the
enemy dammed up the outlet of this small pond, in order to
raise the water over which our pickets had to pass and repass
in going to and coming from their stations. They were always
posted and relieved at night. There was a foot-bridge across
the pond, utUized by our pickets in crossing the water. Just
before midnight, three companies of the Forty-first Alabama,
under command of General Gracie, who was killed the next
month by a shot from Fort Morton, captured thirty-two men

254 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
on this advanced picket line, twelve of whom were from the
Nineteenth. This feat was accomplished by the Alabamians
without firing a gun. The next morning the water in the pond
was found to be considerably above the footbridge. This
affair would seem to indicate that the Confederates were fast
learning "Yankee tricks." General Hancock stated on the
8th of November that the insecure picket line was due to
"inattention on the part of the officers." The men of the Nine
teenth who were caught in this trap and taken prisoners were
John Cochran (4th Me.), Company A; Emery A. McAllister
(4th Me.), Jonathan S. Nickerson and Edward Randall (4th
Me.), Company D; WiUiam H. Shales (4th Me.), Company E;
Corporal William C. Rowe (4th Me.), George A. Arris and
Philip R. Armstrong (4th Me.), Company F; Charles H. Jackson,
Company G; and Sumner Merrill, John H. Jewell (4th Me.) and
WUHam I. Heal (4th Me.), Company H.
Colonel Starbird wrote as follows:
"On the resignation of Colonel J. W. Welch, Captain Fogler, who
already held the commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, but not mustered,
was commissioned Colonel; Major Starbird, Lieutenant-Colonel, and
Captain J W. Spaulding, Major. Captain Fogler returned to the
Regiment, but, as he was still suffering from his wound, he deemed it
best to leave the service and, without being mustered under the com
mission of Lieutenant-Colonel or Colonel, was discharged from the
service for disability, on his resignation, November 2nd, 1864, much
to the regret of all. The resignation of Captain Fogler left vacant
the position of Colonel, which was filled by the promotion of Lieu
tenant-Colonel Starbird. Major Spaulding was commissioned Lieu
tenant-Colonel and Captain David E. Parsons, Company A, Major.
Surgeon J. Q. A. Hawes, having resigned his commission, was dis
charged November 2nd, 1864. Assistant Surgeon W. H. Randall
was promoted to Surgeon, to rank from November 1 1th. Benjamin
Bussey Jr., M. D., reported to the Regiment from Maine, with a com
mission of Assistant-Surgeon, and was mustered into that rank, No
vember 20th.
"Lieutenant E. H. Rich, who had been on detached service in the
Provost-Marshal's Department in Maine, reported to the Regiment
November 19th, 1864, and on December 3rd was detailed to command
the provost-guard at headquarters. Second Army Corps. First Lieu
tenant and Quartermaster Albert Hunter was detailed for service in
the Quartermaster's department, at Second Corps headquarters.
Captain Oliver R. Small was detailed as acting Assistant Adjutant-
General, and Lieutenant William H. Tripp as Aide-de-camp at head
quarters. First Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps. Captain
Ansel L. White was detailed as Ordnance Officer at headquarters of
our Division. These officers remained on detached service imtil the
close of the war."

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 255
While occupying Fort Haskell, some of the boys of Com
pany K, conceived the idea of making some ginger snaps.
They had contrived, by stealing or otherwise, to procure some
flour. A bottle of Jamaica ginger, somewhat diluted, was
used to impart the necessary flavor. A can of condensed mUk
was added and the mixture was rolled on the clean side of a
board, employing an empty bottle for a rolling pin. The
dough was cut into cakes of proper shape, with the cover of
a blacking box, and baked in an improvised oven, dug in the
ground. When they had taken on a good dark color, they
were removed from the oven and served hot. The boys looked
rather silly while eating and it was noticed that no one asked
for a second helping. One fellow, who seemed to have more
trouble than the others in separating the portion, in his mouth,
which he proposed to swallow, from the part he intended to
spit out, remarked that "The cook must have stepped in the
dough whUe it was rising."
The presidential election in 1864 occurred on the 8th of
November. Maine soldiers, absent from the state, were per
mitted to vote and have their votes counted as though they
had voted at home. The voting of the Nineteenth Maine took
place at Fort Haskell, in the presence of S. S. Marble, the
(Commissioner from Maine. The vote in the Regiment stood
129 for Lincoln and 31 for McClellan. The combined vote of
the Maine soldiers was Lincoln 4174 and McClellan 741. It is
curious to note the result of votes for president in some of the
organizations. The Fourth Maryland Regiment cast 272 votes
for Lincoln, but not a vote for McClellan! The fighting and
voting of those Marylanders were serious matters with them.
While the Regiment was occupying Fort Haskell in Nov
ember, 1864, Austin Cunningham (4th Me.), of Company C,
was wounded November 26th, three days before leaving the
fort. Thomas Barwise (4th Me.), of the same Company, was
wounded November 14th. WiUiam J. Brown, of Company D,
was wounded November 2nd and H. D. Morse, (4th Me.), of
Company F, is reported as having been taken prisoner Nov
ember 30th. John M. Currier, (Fifth Company^ unassigned In
fantry), Company G, was wounded Nov. i8th. Albert Long-

256 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
ly, (Company unassigned infantry), of Company G, was
wounded November 6th. Peter Kendrick, of Company G, was
killed while on picket in the month of November. In Com
pany H, Louis E. Hopkins was wounded November 27th
and John S. Wilson died of wounds received at Petersburg
November 13th. Wesley Rich (4th Me.), of Company I, was
taken prisoner at Gettysburg and died in prison at Belle Isle,
November i8th, 1864, without ever having seen the company to
which he had been assigned. The same may be said of Samuel
D. Small of the same company, a prisoner, who died at the
same place three days before his comrade.
The Battle of Boydton Road was the last engagement in
which General Hancock led the Second Corps against the
Confederates. Indeed, it was the last engagement in the War
of the Rebellion in which he participated. About the middle
of November, General Hancock's wounds were still giving him
trouble and he asked for a leave of absence from the army,
to enable him to visit his home and obtain medical care and
rest for a short time. At General Grant's suggestion, General
Hancock undertook to raise a new Army Corps, to be composed
exclusively of veterans. Grant thought that Hancock's
popularity would enable him to do this without much difficulty.
Hancock was to relieve Sheridan in the Valley, which, in the
early spring of 1865 he did, and to assume command of the
troops already in the Valley District, adding to the command
his own veteran Corps which he might organize. On November
26, 1864, General Hancock relinquished the command of the
Second Corps and Major-General A. A. Humphreys was assigned
to the Corps as his successor and commanded the Corps until the
close of the War. In taking leave of the Corps, General Han
cock, in General Orders No. 44, dated November 26, 1864,
paid the following tribute to the old Corps:
"I desire at parting with you to express the regret I feel at the
necessity which calls for our separation. Intimately associated with
you in the dangers, privations and glory which have fallen to your lot
during the memorable campaigns of the past two years, I now leave
you with the warmest feeUngs of affection and esteem. Since I have
had the honor to serve with you, you have won the right to place upon
your banners the historic names of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg, Wilderness, Po, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor,

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 257
Petersburg, Reams' Station, Boydton Road and many other contests.
The gallant bearing of the intrepid officers and men of the Second
Corps in the bloodiest fields of the war, the dauntless valor displayed
by them in many briUiant assaults on the enemy's strongest positions,
the great number of guns, colors and prisoners and other trophies of
war captured by them in many desperate combats, their unswerving
devotion to duty and heroic constancy under all the dangers and hard
ships which such campaigns entail, have won for them an imperishable
renown and the grateful admiration of their countrymen. The story
of the Second Corps will Uve in history, and to its officers and men
will be ascribed the honor of having served their country with unsur
passed fidelity and courage. Conscious that whatever military honor
has faUen to me during my association with the Second Corps has been
won by the gallantry of the officers and soldiers I have commanded,
I feel that in parting from them, I am severing the strongest ties of my
miUtary life."
General Grant, in his Memoirs, pays General Hancock
the following tribute:
"Hancock stands the most conspicuous figure of all the general
officers who did not exercise a separate command. He commanded
a corps longer than any other one, and his name was never mentioned
as having committed in battle a blunder for which he was responsible.
He was a man of very conspicuous personal appearance. Tall, well-
formed, and, at the time of whicn I now write, young and fresh-looking,
he presented an appearance that would attract the attention of an
army as he passed. His genial disposition made him friends, and his
personal courage and his presence with his command in the thickest
of the fight, won for him the confidence of troops serving under him
No matter how hard the fight, the Second Corps always felt that their
commander was looking after them."
General Humphreys had been General Meade's Chief-of-
staff for over a year. He commanded a Division of the Third
Corps at the battle of Gettysburg. He bore little resemblance
to General Hancock in personal appearance. He was a small
man, physically, and his manners were simple and singularly
pleasant. General Humphreys was a very scholarly man, and
had belonged to the Corps of Engineers. He was cool and brave
in battle and was an officer of the greatest merit. He will be
remembered by the survivors of the Nineteenth as almost
invariably wearing a small, bright red necktie.
The writer remembers General Humphreys in May, 1883,
as President of the Society of the Army of the Potomac. He
had served the Society for one year as its President and some
of General Grant's friends desired to elect him as Humphreys'
successor. Humphreys evidently sympathized with this move
ment. Generals Grant and Newton had been placed in nomina-

258 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
tion. On the floor of the assembly, objections were made to
Grant upon the ground that he was never a member of the
Army of the Potomac but was with the Army for a season,
whUe commanding all of the Union Armies. General Hum
phreys, with some feeling, replied to these objections. "I may
be mistaken, but I am pretty sure I saw Grant in battle with
the Army of the Potomac several times during the last year of
the War." Nevertheless, General Newton won in the election.
General Webb, the brave and beloved commander of the
old Brigade, who had been seriously wounded while leading us
at Spottsylvania, May 12th, 1864, returned to the army, at
General Meade's request, and was assigned to duty ashisChief-
of^staff, succeeding General Humphreys in that position. It
seemed good to the boys to see General Webb again in
the saddle. He continued with General Meade untU the
close of the war. He was honorably mustered out of the
volunteer service, January 15th, 1866, and resigned from the
regular army, December 5th, 1870. He was appointed Brevet
Major-General in the volunteer service August ist, 1864, and to
the same rank in the regular army, March 13th, 1865, for gallant
and meritorious service during the war. He was awarded a
Congressional gold medal of honor, "for distinguished personal
gallantry in the battle of Gettysburg." After leaving the
army. General Webb was president of the College City of New
York, for thirty-three years. He is still living in that city,
honored by a grateful people.
On the day that Humphreys was assigned to the command
of the Second Corps, General Gibbon wrote to General Meade
that he regarded Humphreys' assignment to the command of the
Corps as a reflection upon himself. Gibbon asked to be relieved
of his present command. General Gibbon was a fine officer,
but, perhaps, he was unduly sensitive. General Grant made
such a complimentary indorsement upon Gibbon's letter that
the request to be relieved was withdrawn. Gibbon was
assigned to the command of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps
the middle of December.
Brigadier-General William Hays succeeded Gibbon as
commander of the Division. He was the same officer who

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 259
commanded the Second Corps from Gettysburg to the Rap
pahannock. Hays and Smythe and Barlow, each for a short
time, commanded our Division until the close of the War.
In General Gibbon's valedictory to the Division, he used
this appreciative language:
"For nearly two years you have served imder my command, and
during this period we have passed through many bloody battles to
gether. I have always found you faithful, patriotic and brave. The
bones of your dead and the mangled forms of your wounded comrades
testify to your gaUantry on many hard-fought fields."
Colonel Starbird furnished the following information for
the history of the Regiment:
"We moved out of Fort Haskell November 29th, and to the left
a short distance, and the next day moved farther to the left and went
into camp near Patrick Station. The Regiment began preparations
for building winter quarters the first day of December. From the
formation of the Regiment, in August, 1862, to December, 1864, there
had been three surgeons and seven assistant surgeons. These frequent
changes had been detrimental to the best interests of the men, and
Colonel Starbird determined that these changes should cease unless
caused by sickness or death. His stand in the matter had the desired
efiect. There were no further resignations. Doctors Randall and
Bussey remained with and faithfully served the Regiment until the
close of the war.
"Captain J. W. Spaulding, who went to Maine, September 7th,
1864, on sick leave, and was later detailed as Inspector in the Provost-
Marshal's office at Augusta, returned December 1st, and on December
2nd was mustered into the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. The field
and staff were now complete, the first time for many months.
"The work of buUding winter quarters went on rapidly and all
were happy in the prospect of a few months' rest after the long cam
paign, commencing with the battle of the Wilderness, May Sth. There
had occurred many changes, resulting from the hard service. "The
vacancies among the officers had been filled. Sixty-four men had
been added and with renewed courage, stimulated by the prospect
of bringing the war to a close, all went to work with a will to prepare
for the active work which the next campaign would surely have for
them. Substantial houses were constructed and a comfortable guard
house, with cots and gun-racks, and a fire-place, large enough to keep
the men comfortable, when off duty. The camp guard duty, which
formerly, in cold weather, had been disliked, was now performed with
pleasure. When relieved, after twenty-four hours' continuous service,
the men came off duty clean and comfortable. After the guard-house
and quarters for the men had been constructed, the houses for the
officers were built.
"When the Regiment was properly housed, an order was given
that each and every man be inspected and aU deficiencies in equipment
and clothing be noted, and requisitions made therefor, by each com
pany commander. Anticipating that the clothing in use would be
worn out by spring, new clothing was furnished the men then, to be
carefully kept for inspection, reviews and parades, [and the old

36o THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
.worn for all other duty. This method gave the men a bright, clean
appearance whenever the Regiment paraded. The result of this
arrangement was very satisfactory. The men took great pride in
the appearance of the Regiinent when on reviews with the other reg
iments of the Brigade and Division. Their appearance on public
occasions not only stimulated their esprit de corps, but caused them
to be objects of favorable comment throughout the Division, and
added to their reputation and standing. The winter was passed very
pleasantly. The Regiment became efficient in drill and discipline
and in many ways was a marked organization. Pride is a basic attri
bute of the good soldier. If a soldier is well clothed and well fed, he
has respect for himself and a pride in his company and regiment. It
was ordered by the Division commander that a certain number, who,
on competitive inspection should present the most soldierly appear
ance, should be furloughed. By far the larger number of furloughs
fell to the men of the Nineteenth.
"While the men were engaged in the duties of camp life, a
strong and persistent effort was made to have those absent on de
tached service relieved and returned. Men belonging to the Regi
ment could be found at nearly every headquarters in the Corps, and
in Washington and in some ot the states. These absentees were called
for and their return requested. This effort resulted in the return of
nearly all and gave a largely increased command for the spring cam
paign." Calvin B. Hinkley was promoted to be Captain of Company
B, December 2nd, 1864. WhUe the most of the commissioned
officers of the Regiment, at the close of the war, had worked
their way up from the ranks, Hinkley was the only captain, at
the date of muster out, who had served in the Regiment as a
private soldier. He enHsted July 21st, 1863, and came to the
Regiment as a recruit. He was promoted to be Sergeant,
December loth, 1863, and passed through the successive grades
until he became Captain. Captain John A. Lord, of Company
A, Captain T. B. Beath, of Company C, and Captain E. A.
Burpee, of Company I, began their service as corporals. Cap
tain E. C. Pierce, of Company D, Captain Nehemiah Smart, of
Company E, Captain A. L. White, of Company F, and Captain
O. R. Small, of Company K, were appointed Sergeants at the
organization of the Regiment. Captain Lincoln, of Company
H, entered the service as First Lieutenant, and was promoted
to be Captain, December ist, 1862, soon after the resignation of
Captain Eaton of that Company. Captain Lincoln left the
Regiment in 1863 and is borne on the (Zompany rolls as on
' recruiting service" in Maine, and never returned to the Regi
ment. Captain Addison W. Lewis, of Company G, entered
the service on the 4th of October, 1864, as Captain of the

LAST WINTER IN CAMP

261

Fifth Company, unassigned infantry, and when his Company
was broken up and assigned to the different Companies of the
Regiment, he went to Company G as its last Captain and was
discharged June 19th, 1865.
Owing to the detail of Quartermaster Albert Hunter to
Second Corps headquarters, Adjutant Henry Sewall was
assigned as acting Quartermaster and Lieutenant Oliver R.
Small filled the position of Adjutant until his promotion to
Captain, and then Lieutenant WiUiam H. Gerrish succeeded
him. The following roster of the officers January i , 1865, was fur
nished by Colonel Starbird.

Isaac W. Starbird
Joseph W. Spaulding
David E. Parsons
WiUiam H. RandaU
Benjamin Bussey, Jr.
George W. Hathaway
Henry SewaU
Albert Hunter

John A. Lord
George Studley

Calvin B. Hinkley
Alfred E. Nickerson
Clarendon W. Gray

Thomas P. Beath
James H. Pierce
Henry W. Nye

Elbridge C. Pierce
Charles Bennett
Franklin Adams

Nehemiah Smart
Edward B. Sargent
George H. Paige
Ansel L. White
Edwin H. Rich
Joseph B. Babson

Field and Staff

Co-mpany A
Co-mpany B
Co-mpany C
Company D
Company E
Company F

Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Surgeon
Assistant Surgeon
Chaplain
Adjutant
Q uartermaster

Captain
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

262

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Addison W. Lewis
George P. Wood

Willard Lincoln
Charles P. Garland
WiUiam H. Tripp

Edgar A. Burpee
WilUam B. Sawyer

Oliver R. SmaU
Beniah P. Doloff
William L. Gerrish

Company G
Company H
Company I
Company K

CaptainFirst Lieutenant

Captain First Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Captain
First Lieutenant

CaptainFirst Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant

Very few changes occurred in the above list of officers,
prior to the close of the war.
Major-General B. F Butler was relieved of his command
of the Army of the James and the Department of Virginia and
North Carolina on the 8th of January, 1865. The order re
lieving him was made by the President and upon the recom
mendation of General Grant, who stated that "the good of the
service" required his removal, inasmuch as Butler was 'an
unsafe (Commander for a large army." He was succeeded by
Major-General E. O. C. Ord, who was a Marylander by birth
and who became Major-General of Volunteers in May, 1862.
The three senior Major-Generals in the United States Volunteers,
appointed May 16, 1861, were Dix, Banks and Butler. These
were time serving and political appointments.
General Butler was a Democrat and voted for Jeff Davis in
the Charleston convention in i860. But from the very first
manifestation of armed hostihty to the Union, no one ever, for
a moment, was in doubt as to the attitude and loyalty of Butler.
But acknowledging his great administrative ability, and giving
him credit for his splendid services at New Orleans and his
honorable record as Commissioner for the exchange of pris
oners, yet he was relieved of his command none too soon. He
had never been successful, as a commander of troops in the field.
From Big Bethel to Fort Fisher, his faUures were almost un
varying. Whenever work was committed to him requiring
military skill, promptness in execution and bravery and

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 263
vigilance in battle. General Butler was a dismal faUure. He
was ordered to his home in Lowell, Massachusetts, and the war
was finished without his further services, much to his dis
appointment. Some time after Butler's removal, Kautz's Cavalry
Division, Gibbon's Twenty-fourth Corps, Birney's Division of
colored troops and other small detachments were brought over
from the Army of the James and attached to the Army of the
Potomac for the serious work of the last campaign.
The month of January, 1865, was a time of comparative
quiet. The Regiment performed regular camp duties, with
daily drills and occasional reviews. About the first of February,
an expedition was planned by General Meade to break in upon
the Confederate route for obtaining their supplies from the
south over the Weldon raUroad. At this time the Confederates
were accustomed to run their trains on the Weldon railroad
north, as far as Jarratt's depot and sometimes as far as Stony
Creek Station, on the Nottoway River. From these points
they would convey their supplies by teams across the country
to the South Side railroad or by Dinwiddie Court House and
thence into Petersburg by the most direct route open to them.
When the troops for this project moved from the Union in
trenchments, Gregg's Cavalry Division started for Dinwiddie,
followed by the supporting column of the Fifth Corps. General
Miles' Division of the Second Corps held the left of the Union
intrenchments. General Humphreys, with the other two
Divisions of the Second Corps, the Second and Third, under
Generals Smyth and Mott, was to keep up connection with
Miles on the right and with Warren's Fifth Corps on the left.
The Fifth Corps crossed Hatcher's run near where Gravelly
run empties into the former, and marched across the country
in the direction of Dinwiddie Court House untU they came to
the Vaughn road. After remaining in that position for a time
the Corps marched up the Vaughn road and then took a cross
road which led to the Boydton road until they came to the
vicinity of Dabney's mill. The right of the Fifth Cbrps then
rested on Hatcher's run and the left of the Corps with General
Gregg on its flank, stretched off toward the Boydton road.

264 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
; Now with this explanation it may be easier to understand
the movements of our own Division. The Regiment with the
Brigades of the Division, early in the morning of February 5th,
was massed at the McDougall house. Preceeded by a small
force of cavalry the Division pushed on toward Armstrong's
mill just north of where the Vaughn road crossed Hatcher's
run. The Nineteenth crossed Hatcher's run, driving the
Confederate skirmishers back. The Seventh West Virginia
Regiment from the Third Brigade of our Division, also crossed
Hatcher's run. The men of the Regiment soon had possession
of the rifle pits of the enemy. The rest of the Division on the
east or north side of Hatcher's run now pushed north towards
Armstrongs. About four o'clock in the afternoon the enemy
made an attack on the Second Division line and about an hour
later made another attack on our Division and at the same time
attacked vigorously the Fifth Corps on our left. The right of
the Second Division was near the Thompson House. The at
tack between four and five o'clock in the afternoon upon the
right of our Division line indicated that the enemy meant to
break through if possible. General Humphreys sent to Miles
to borrow a Brigade and also called for McAllister's Brigade
of Mott's Division from the south side of the run and put them
in to strengthen the right of our Division line. We succeeded
in holding the enemy in check.
When the Union skirmishers advanced in the morning of
February sixth, it was found that the Confederates had with
drawn into their intrenchments. Warren's Corps with Gregg
was in position on the south or west side of Hatcher's run and
Wheaton's Division of the Sixth Corps was with them as a sup
port. These troops pushed on toward the Boydton Road but
were met by the Confederates on the afternoon of February
sixth, near Dabney's mill and were driven back. The Con
federates were in heavy force here. At noon on the sixth, the
Regiment recrossed Hatcher's run and joined the Brigade.
The following is the report of Colonel Spaulding, who
was in command of the Regiment at Hatcher's run.
"This regiment left its camp in front of Fort Emery at 6 a. m. ,
the fifth instant. Marched shortly after with the Division out about

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 265
two miles and a half on the Vaughn road, and'filed to the right into
a by-road. Before reaching the Armstrong house, and while on the
march. General Smyth ordered me to move the Regiment in line of
battle off to the left; this was done, deploying two companies as skir
mishers in front. When the skirmish line reached Hatcher's Run
the enemy's videttes were posted on the opposite bank, but imme
diately fell back to their skirmish line, which lay in a rifle-pit running
paraUel to and about ten rods from the opposite bank. The skir
mishers crossed the run and were 1- eld under cover until the Regiment
crossed, which could only be done by one man crossing at a time on
a faUen tree. The skirmishers then showed themselves and engaged
the enemy's skirmishers. In less than fifteen minutes after the firing
began the enemy ran from their rifle-pit, which was immediately
occupied by our skirmish line. Tliis Une, increased by two more
companies, now made connection on its right with the line on this
side of the run; about one hour after, the skirmishers of the Third
Division advancing, made connection with our left. At 4.30 p. m.
the enemy advanced upon this line (which was immediately strength
ened by two more companies), but was checked, and in about an hour
driven back.
"At 12 m., the sixth instant, this Regiment, having been relieved
by troops from the Fifth Corps, rejoined the Brigade, and threw up
breast- works in the aftemoon. Lay in this position until the evening
of the 10th instant, when the Regiment was deployed and engaged
until 12 at night, in digging pits for the picket-line, and remained as
pickets until 5 p. m. of the eleventh instant, when it was relieved and
moved into its present camp."
The casualties in the Second Corps amounted to about
140 in kUled and wounded. Included in the list of killed in
the Second Corps was Colonel Murphy of the Sixty-ninth New
York, who had been for some time commanding the Second
Brigade of our Division. Colonel Murphy was regarded very
highly as a Brigade commander and had been complimented
more than once for his bravery on the field of battle.
The result of the engagement on the fifth and sixth of
February was to extend the Union intrenchments to the
Vaughn road crossing of Hatcher's Run. The Second Corps
now held the left of the army and the Fifth Corps was massed
in our rear.
The Confederate line was stretched for so great a distance
that it was mighty thin and weak in places.
For some weeks after the battle of Hatcher's Run, the
Regiment remained in the vicinity of the Armstrong house.
CASUALTIES OF THE NINETEENTH MAINE AT HATCHER'S
RUN,
February Sth to 7th, 1865.
Co-mpany A
Arthur E. Charles, died February 9th, 1865, of wounds received
at Hatcher's Run.

266 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Company B
Charles F. Jewell, prisoner, February 6th, 1865.
Company D
John S. Moore, mortally wounded, February Sth; died the same
day. Company •/
Frederick Rosignal, prisoner.'
Henry W. Nye, who was Second Lieutenant of Company C,
was discharged February 27, '6^. George A. Barton was
promoted Second Lieutenant of Company G.January 30th, '6^,
and Second Lieutenant WUHam L. Gerrish, of Company K,
died February nth. Lieutenant Gerrish was acting Adjutant
of the Regiment and died of congestive chills, after a very
short illness. He was a graduate of Bowdoin College, a
scholarly man, and well fitted for the position which he had
won by his bravery and soldierly bearing.
The conduct of the Nineteenth during its winter en
campment added much to its reputation for sobriety and
trustworthiness. An amusing incident occurred on the first
of January, which is worth recording. The officers of the Regi
ment were invited to Brigade headquarters to participate in the
festivities of New Year's evening. All the officers were re
quested to assemble at the Colonel's tent at the proper hour and
go together. After assembling, the officers formed in two ranks,
Colonel Starbird and Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding forming
the first file and so on down, according to rank. Upon arriving
at Brigade headquarters, all were conducted into a tent, where
there were tables loaded with the good things of life as far as
they could be procured in that locality. As the officers stood in
line, they were first offered, beginning with those highest in rank,
some of that nourishment which is said to cool a man in summer
and quicken his circulation in winter. To the surprise of officers
from other regiments, it was declined from the right to the left
of the line. All did justice, however, to the more solid viands.
After passing a pleasant evening and forming to march out of
the tent as they had entered, Captain Smart, a man of con-
IFrederick Rosignal was mustered into the service February 29th,
1864. He was a prisoner at the close of the war and was captured
near the time of this battle. The records do not disclose the precise
date of capture.

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 267
siderable humor, said to Colonel Starbird: "The next time
we go to Brigade headquarters, I think it would be best to
march left in front !"
Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding was assigned to the command
of the Fifty-ninth New York Regiment, on March 13th, and
at his own request was relieved and returned to the Regiment
on the 28th of the same month, so that he might be with his
own boys in the spring campaign. Subsequently he wa5
highly complimented by the officers of the Fifty-ninth and
presented with a beautiful badge.
From the beginning of the war there had been a vexatious
lack of harmony between some of the governors of the seceded
states and the Davis government. This was particularly true
of Governors Vance, of North Carolina, and Brown, of Georgia.
The "encroachments" of the National government had stimu
lated their imagination before the war, but later they experi
enced the relentless tyranny of the Confederate authorities. In
the spring and summer of 1862 a long and acrimonious corres
pondence between Governor Brown, probably the ablest of
their governors, and Jeff Davis took place. Governor Brown
contended that the Confederate conscription act was unconsti
tutional and protested against its execution as a "rapid stride
toward military despotism." Against this bold and dangerous
"usurpation" by the Confederate Congress, he threatened to use
the military force of the state.
As early as April 1864, Mr. Stephens, the Vice-president of
the Confederacy, had denounced Jeff. Davis as "weak, vascillat
ing, timid, petulant, peevish and obstinate" and characterized
his administration as one of "weakness and imbecihty."
Governor Vance, also, had troubles of his own. As iUus-
trating the amenities of this turbulent period and Vance's esti
mation of the impressment laws and the moral worth of the Con
federate cavalry, doing duty in his state, the following letter is
introduced : "State of North Carolina, Executive Department,
Raleigh, December 21, 1863.
Hon. James A. Seddon,
Secretary of War.
Dear Sir: —
I desire to call your attention to an evil which is inflicting great

268 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
distress upon the people of this state and contributing largely to the
public discontent. I allude to illegal seizures of property and other
depredations of an outrageous character by detached bands of troops,
chiefly cavalry. The Department, I am sure, can have no idea of the
extent and character of this evil. It is enough in many cases to
breed a rebellion in a loyal county against the Confederacy, and has
actually been the cause of much alienation of feeling in many parts
of North Carolina. It is not my purpose now to give instances and
call for punishment of the offenders — that I do to their commanding
officers — but to ask if some order or regulation for the government
of troops on detached service, the severe and unflinching execution of
which might not check this stealing, pilfering, burning, and sometimes
murderous conduct. I give you my word that in North Carolina it
has become a grievance, intolerable, damnable, and not to be borne.
If God Almighty had yet in store another plague worse than all others
which he intended to have let loose on the Egyptians in case Pharaoh
still hardened his heart, I am sure it must have been a regiment or
so of half-armed, half-disciplined Confederate cavalry. Had they
been turned loose among Pharaoh's subjects, with or without an im
pressment law, he would have become so sensible of the anger of God
that he never would have followed the children of Israel to the Red
Sea! No, sir, not an inch! Cannot officers be reduced to the ranks
for permitting this? Cannot a few men be shot for perpetrating these
outrages, as an example.' Unless something can be done, I shall be
compelled in some sections to call out my militia and levy actual war
against them. I beg your early and earnest attention to this matter
Very respectfully yours, Z. B. Vance."
The following is the indorsement of the Secretary of
War: "December 25, 1863.
Adjutant-General :
Can you suggest or do you advise a general order to avert the
threatened disasters which so affect Governor Vance's imagination
J. A. S.,
Secretary."
As the winter wore away, evidences began to multiply
showing that the great Rebellion was reaching the last ditch.
As month succeeded month, the feeling of confidence grew that
we were rapidly approaching the end of the contest. Early
in January, 1865, (jeneral Grant had issued and had printed a
Special Order, with respect to the treatment to be accorded to
deserters from the Confederate Army. These deserters who
came to us were to be employed in the Quartermaster's depart
ment when they desired employment. No mUitary service was
to be required of them, and when they brought arms, mules,
horses or other property into our lines, they were to be paid the
' highest price" which such property was worth. Extraordinary
efforts were made to give this special order wide circulation,

LAST WINTER IN CAMP 269
where it would do the most good. Every cavalry squadron on
a raid into the enemy's country left copies of this order at
houses and in old intrenchments. Copies were thrown out
between the picket lines at night and bundles with stones at
tached thrown far toward their lines in the day time. These
furnished good reading to the homesick and discontented
Confederates, who, by means of deception, fraud or force, had
been made unwiUing soldiers. This literature, together with
the logic of events, began to bear fruit.
In February, 1865, General Lee began caUing the attention
of the officials of the crumbling Confederacy to the ' alarming
frequency of desertions" from the Confederate army. At on^
time in February, he reported four hundred desertions in
twelve days from the Divisions of Wilcox and Heth alone. He
reported again the same month that hundreds of men were
deserting "nightly." In ten days, from February 5th to
February 15th, Lee informed his government that 1094 men had
deserted from the infantry troops alone, some of whom had
come into our lines. On January 23rd, General Anderson
reported that desertions were increasing in his Division.
Colonel Lang, commanding Finegan's Brigade in Mahone's
Division, reported that on January 17th, four men, occupying
a pit on the picket line, were suspected of an intention to desert
and a sentinel was placed on guard over them, one on each side
of the pit. During the night the six men walked into our lines !
They were Florida soldiers.
Stringent measures were adopted to keep the Confederate
soldiers from deserting, from leaving the ranks, and even from
talking discouragingly of the gloomy outlook. By general
orders, issued February 22nd, 1865, General Lee provided for
one file-closer for every ten men. These file-closers were to be
"carefully instructed in their duties by regimental commanders."
Among the duties prescribed for them, were to promptly "cut
down and fire upon" men who refused to advance, disobeyed
orders, retreated or used words "calculated to produce alarm
among the troops." ^
In January, 1865, we find Governors Brown, of Georgia, and
L. i^ 1 W. R. Vol. 46, part 2, page 1249.

270 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Vance, of North Carolina, corresponding with reference to a
convention of the governors of some of the secession states,
squinting toward a second secession. Governor Vance ex
pressed the fear that a severance of existing relations could
not possibly be effected with such unanimity as to prevent
a considerable minority — backed by the army inaugurating
"a state of anarchy more horrible than anything yet endured."
They balked at further "domestic strife and bloodshed." The
medicine they swallowed with bravado in 1861, was beginning
to operate in a different manner from what they had dreamed.
Henry S. Foote, a member of the Confederate congress
from Tennessee, having become discouraged or disgusted, was
endeavoring, with his wife to get out of the Confederacy. He
hoped to get through the lines unmolested. He was arrested,
however, at Occoquan, a small village twenty-five miles south of
Alexandria, and taken back to Richmond. Our War Depart
ment sent to Occoquan and brought Mrs. Foote to Washington.
Foote was United States Senator from Mississippi from '47 to
'52 and beat Jeff Davis in the canvass for Governor of that
state in 1852. He frequently spoke against secession in Ten
nessee in 1 86 1. Mr. Foote was released at Richmond, upon
the recommendation of the Confederate congress, after his ap
plication for a writ of habeas corpus had been granted. He went
north to New York and thence to Europe. Mr. Foote begged
the privilege of returning to the United States within three
months. He stated that there was a "solemn compact entered
into" between most of the Tennessee, a large minority of
the North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, and a small por
tion of the Mississippi and Virginia delegations in the Confed
erate congress, that "if peace was not speedily restored, they
would, in defiance of Jeff Davis and the war faction, stump
their respective states for immediate reunion with the Federal
states." Foote, who never had much love for Davis, stated
that all well-informed citizens of the South knew their cause
was doomed to failure.
On the 3rd of February, President Lincoln and Secretary
Seward had an interview, in Hampton Roads, on board of a
steamer, with Alexander H. Stephens, J. A. Campbell and

LAST WINIER IN CAMP 27 1
R. M. T. Hunter from Richmond. Lincoln went down to meet
these men at the suggestion of General Grant. The interview
was, in the language of the Confederate commissioners, "to
ascertain upon what terms the existing war can be terminated
honorably." When President Lincoln informed these three
gentlemen that three things were indispensably necessary to the
termination of the war, viz: "The restoration of the National
authority throughout aU the states, the freedom of the slaves
and the disbanding of all forces hostile to the Government,"
these three gentlemen shouldered their baggage and their
humUiation and returned to Richmond, sadder and wiser men.
Stephens was vice-president of the so-called Confederacy and
originally a Union man. Campbell was from Alabama and had
been formerly a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States, but resigned in 1861 and went south. Hunter had
been United States Senator from Virginia and was expelled
from the Senate in July 1861, after his withdrawal, to try
secession with his State.
The Confederates had begun their preparations for arming
the negroes in February and March, 1865. It was a measure
adopted in their extremity and as a last resort. It was with
them a serious question how extensively or how willingly their
slaves would engage in a war, the express object of which was to
continue them and their children in everlasting bondage. The
war closed so soon that this problem was never solved.
There has been a concerted effort in the South, during the
last few decades, to demonstrate that slavery was not the cause
of the war. The reflection that a wicked and causeless war was
precipitated upon the country and the fair Southland was made
desolate and her sons given a sacrifice for the perpetuation of
human slavery, does not leave a good taste in the mouth. After
President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation had been issued,
Jefferson Davis, in a message to the Confederate Congress spoke
of that proclamation as " the most execrable measure recorded
in the history of guilty man." There is chiselled into the gran
ite monument that marks the grave of Mr. Davis in Richmond,
the recital that he was the "Defender of the Constitution."
This, in itself, would be amusing, were it not for the fact that
there are a few people left who believe the inscription to be true.

272 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

CHAPTER XVI.

PRISONERS OF WAR.
"The difference between the martyr and the victim, the
soldier who falls on the field of honor and a man who meets a
miserable death from preventable causes for which his govern
ment is criminally respon ible, is as wide as the celestial diam
eters. The one meets death, compensated in the thought that
his life is given in the protection of his country's flag and honor;
the other is ignominiously forced to the grave through the neg
lect of the government that shamefully fails to protect the life
he offered in its defence."
The author of the above lines is unknown to the writer of
this history, but he desires to adopt them as his own. Of all the
horrors that are remembered in connection with the War of
the Rebellion, the most pitiful and, to a large extent, prevent
able, are the large number of prisoners who died of disease and
starvation in Confederate prisons. The exact number will
never be known. From thirteen to fifteen thousand were
buried at AndersonvUle prison — the very name of which has
become a synonym for unbelievable brutality and fiendishness.
'In the Andersonville list of martyrs, Maine furnished nearly
three hundred. The imperfectly kept records disclose the
names of 232 Maine soldiers. Of this number, thirty-two
soldiers came from the Nineteenth Maine. As nearly as can
be ascertained, our Regiment had more than fifty men who
died in the prisons of the South. These numbers include the
members of the Fourth Maine, who died after their transfer
to our Regiments.
No one in the North believes today that Confederate sol
diers were starved to death in Northern prisons. The mortality
among these soldiers was very great. It is generally thought
that climatic influences was a potent factor in producing^such

PRISONERS OF WAR 273
appalling mortahty. Confederate soldiers from the Gulf states
must have suffered extremely from the cold winters at Elmira,
New York, on Johnson's Island and at Chicago, especially where
the prison consisted of an open stockadge, as at Elmira. In
"Regimental Losses," by Colonel W. F. Fox, a statement is
made, which the writer has never seen denied: that the field in
which three thousand Confederate soldiers were buried at El
mira was plowed very soon after the war and sowed with wheat.
"Now the grain of summer and the snow of winter show no
sign of the hapless Confederates who are buried and rest beneath
its surface." This statement causes a blush of shame to mantle
the cheeks of every self-respecting Union soldier who met these
brave but misguided Confederates on the field of battle.
There must have been some causes thought to be sufficient
which set aside Union prisoners to languish and to die in prison,
instead of paroling and exchanging them. That cause is not
far to seek. The truth ought to be plain now, however much
writers have attempted to cloud the issue and misrepresent the
facts. A history of the Nineteenth Maine would be incomplete
without some reference to its soldiers who were left to languish
and die in these prison pens. If the Confederate government
refused to exchange prisoners with our government, then there
is not much to be said. If, however, the exchange of prisoners
was, through deceit and jugglery, deliberately prevented by
our own government, that fact, in all fairness, ought to be re
corded. On the 19th of April, 1861, President Lincoln issued a
proclamation, in which he declared that all persons taken
prisoners from Rebel privateers which had begun to destroy
our shipping, should "be held amenable to the laws of the
United States for the preventation and punishment of piracy."
In plain language, this meant that they should be hung. Soon
after this proclamation was issued, the Union tars captured
the Rebel privateers "Jeff Davis," "Savannah," "Petrel" and
others, and with them, quite a number of prisoners. One of
these prisoners, a certain WUliam Smith, taken from the "Jeff,"
Davis," was tried before a United States court in Philadelphia
in October, 1861, for the crime of piracy, and was found guilty.

274 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
There were upwards of fifty privateer prisoners left for trial.
President Davis sent a letter to President Lincoln, on July 6th,
j86i, calling attention to the rumored attitude which our
government proposed to take with respect to privateer prison
ers, and offering to exchange, man for man, the naval prisoners
held by both governments. Davis informed the President in
this letter that he proposed to deal out to the prisoners held
by him the same treatment and the same fate experienced by
the Confederate privateersmen. There is no evidence that this
letter was ever answered. On November 9th, General Winder,
under the direction of the Confederate War Department, drew
by lot the name of Michael Corcoran — Colonel of the Sixty-
ninth New York Regiment, as a hostage to answer for Smith.
Thirteen other officers — all field officers but three — were then
drawn by lot to answer for a like number of Confederate prison
ers of war captured at sea by the Union navy. Among these
officers were Colonels Lee, of the Twentieth Massachusetts, and
Cogswell, of the Forty-second New York Regiment, both of
which regiments were in our Brigade the last year of the war.
After some months of weighing consequences, these Confederate
seamen were paroled and exchanged. This fiasco ended the
hanging of Confederate privateersmen, and for a short time
interrupted the exchange of prisoners.
During the first two years and a half of the war the parol
ing and exchanging of prisoners, with some friction occasionally
manifested, went on without serious interruption.. On July
23rd, 1862, a general cartel for the paroling and exchanging of
prisoners was agreed upon and signed on behalf of their respec
tive governments by Major-General Dix for the United States
and Major-General D. H. Hill for the Confederate government.
This agreement was ratified by the respective governments. It
included " all prisoners of war held by either party." This cartel
provided (Art. 4) that all prisoners of war should "be discharged
on parole in ten days after their capture." Surplus prisoners
upon either side not exchanged were not permitted to take
up arms nor perform any military duty until regularly ex
changed. Aiken's Landing, on the James river, and Vicksburg,
on the Mississippi, were the places designated for the deUvery

PRISONERS OF WAR 275
of paroled prisoners until regularly exchanged. In case any
misunderstanding arose in regard to any clause or stipulation
in the articles of agreement, it was mutually agreed that such
misunderstanding should not interrupt the release of prisoners
on parole, but should be made the subject of "friendly explana
tions." In the voluminous correspondence between the two
governments this general cartel is often referred to by the Con
federate authorities, who simply demanded that its terms
should be complied with by our people in the spirit in which
it was originaUy entered into and ratified.
Sometimes the excess of prisoners was with us and some
times with the Confederates. From the date of the cartel until
July ist, 1863, the excess was generally in favor of the Con
federates. Subsequent to that date, the excess was generaUy
in our favor. There was some controversy over the prisoners
paroled by General Grant at Vicksburg, many of whom deserted
before General Pemberton could get them to some central sta
tion within the Confederate lines. The Union authorities
charged that the Confederates had declared Pemberton's men
as exchanged without authority, and that their action was a
breach of the cartel on the part of the Confederates. There
was also some disagreement between the governments in
regard to the prisoners paroled by General Banks at Port Hud
son. General Butler was appointed Commissioner for the ex
change of prisoners in November, 1863, having his headquar
ters with the Army of the James and convenient to Aiken's
Landing. General Butler had been "outlawed" by the Con
federate government, and his appointment was especially
offensive to the Confederates. At first they declined to have
any communication with him. Nauseating, however, as this
dose of medicine was, they gulped it down in order to facilitate
the exchange of prisoners, something which they favored and
which might possibly have benefited them more than us.
On the I Sth of November, 1863, General Butler, writing
from Fortress Monroe to Secretary Stanton, used the following
language :

276 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
"I am informed and believe that the Rebel authorities will ex
change every officer and soldier they now hold in custody, whether
colored or not, upon receiving an equivalent number in rank from us.
* * * I assume that we have, in actual custody, some twenty-six
thousand prisoners, against thirteen thousand that the Rebels have.
Now, then, why may not Ould's proposition be accepted, and we ex
change man for man, officer for officer, until the Rebels stop? If then
every prisoner they hold has been exchanged, then the question of
color does not arise, and our men will have been relieved from starva
tion up to that number. But, if the colored prisoners and their officers
shall not be produced by the Rebels for exchange, we shall have ten
thousand of their men upon whom to work both retaliation and re
prisal to the fullest extent, — to wring from the Rebels justice to the
colored soldiers. It is not necessary to argue this point; its statement
is the argument. This action — not offers and correspondence — ^will
place the government right before the country, and if then the Negro
prisoners, whether civilians or soldiers or their officers are kept in
prison or maltreated, the world will justify us in reprisal and retaUation
to any extent."
At first the South refused to parole any officers or soldiers
of Negro regiments. This position, however, was soon aban
doned. But the Confederate government then and always
claimed the right, where runaway slaves were captured while
wearing our uniform, to return them when identified, to their
owners, on demand. It is not probable that a hundred slaves
were returned to their owners in this way; yet its importance
was purposely exaggerated by our government in order to make
an excuse to give the public for refusing to parole and exchange
the prisoners held by us.
Under date of April 9th, 1864, General Butler, as Com
missioner of exchange, wrote a letter to Secretary Stanton, in
which he informed that official of a recent interview he had had
with Commissioner Ould on behalf of the Confederates and of
their discussion of all differences existing between the two
governments. Then General Butler adds:
"In regard to the paroles, the Confederate commissioner claims
nothing, so far as I can see, which he is not willing to concede to us,
acting under the cartel and our general orders, with the exception that
I believe on both sides it should be yielded that before as well as
subsequent to order No. 207, of July 3rd, 1863, paroles should not be
accepted by either belligerent of officers or soldiers who were not so
far in the power of the captor as to be taken to a place of safety, and
I believe this proposition will be agreed to by the Confederate com
missioner. * * * AU other points of difference were substafttially
agreed upon so that the exchange might go on rapidly and smoothly,
man for man and officer for officer of equal rank, and officers for their
equivalents in privates, as settled by the cartel."

PRISONERS OF WAR 277
On April I St, 1864, General Grant visited General Butler
at Fortress Monroe and gave him most emphatic verbal orders
not to take any steps by which another able-bodied man should be
exchanged until further orders from him. General Grant
stated that by the exchange of prisoners we received no men
fit to go into our army, and every soldier we gave to the Con
federates went immediately into theirs, so that the exchange
was virtually so much aid to them and none to us.' General
Grant, on the 14th of April, 1864, sent the following communica
tion to General Butler: "Your report respecting negotiations
with Commissioner Ould for the exchange of prisoners of war
has been referred to me for my orders. Until examined by
me, and my orders thereon are received by you, decline all
further negotiations."
One Colonel D.T. Chandler, an Assistant Inspector-General,
August 5th, 1864, made a report to General R. H. Chilton,
Assistant Adjutant and Inspector-General at Richmond de
scribing the conditions existing at AndersonviUe and painting
such a picture of the deplorable conditions there, that appear
at this time almost unbelievable. General Chilton indorsed
upon the report when referring it to the Confederate Secretary
of War as follows: "The condition of the prison at Anderson
viUe is a reproach to us as a nation." When the report reached
the Confederate War Department, among the things indorsed
and recommended are the following: "The discomforts and
sufferings of the prisoners seem almost incredible; and the fright
ful percentum of mortality, steadily increasing until in the
month of July it had attained the extent of 62.7 per one thou
sand, appears to be only a necessary consequence of the criminal
indifference of the authorities charged with their care and
custody. No effectual remedy for all these evils seems avaUable
so long as the numbers are in such large excess over that for
which the prison was designed ; but something must be done at
once to ameliorate the condition "^
In Colonel Chandler's report he states:
. "There is no medical attendance furnished within the stockade-
Small quantities of medicines are placed in the hands of certain prison-
1 Butler's Book, p. 592.
2W. R. Series II. Vol. VII. p. 550.

278 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
ers of each squad or division and the sick are directed to be brought
out by the sergeants of squads daily to 'sick-call' to the medical officers
who attend at the gate. The crowd at these times is so great that
only the strongest can get access to the doctors, the weaker ones being
unable to force their way through the press; and the hospital accom
modations are so limited that though the beds (so-called) have all or
nearly all two occupants each, large numbers who would otherwise bei
received are necessarily sent back to the stockade. Many — twenty
yesterday — are carted out daily who have died from unknown causes
and whom the medical officers have never seen. The dead are hauled
out daily by the wagon load and buried without coffins, their hands in
many instances being first mutilated with axes in the removal of any
finger rings they may have. The sanitary condition of the prisoners
is as wretched as can be, the principal cause of mortaUty being scurvy
and chronic diarrhea, the percentage of the former being disproportion
ately large among those brought from Belle Isle. Nothing seems to
have been done and but little if any effort made to arrest it by procur
ing proper food."
On August 14th, 1864, Major-General Stonem.an, then
confined in the military prison at Charleston, South Carolina,
and other officers there confined with him, joined in a petition
to the President of the United States urging the exchange of
prisoners confined at AndersonvUle. At the same time there
was a petition to the same effect presented by the Sergeants,
commanding squads in Andersonville prison. It is distressing
to read these appeals to our Government. Among these peti
tioning Sergeants we find the names of W. D. Gilmore, Company
H, Fourth Maine, and F. Webers, Company G, Ninth Maine.
General Stoneman and the other officers at Charleston after
reciting the fact that nothing more demoralizes soldiers and
develops the evil passions of men than does starvation, and that
the prisoners at Andersonville were fast losing hope, and crazed
by their sufl'erings were wandering about in a state of idiocy,
add in their petition:
"Few of them have been captured except in the front of battle in
the deadly encounter, and only when overpowered by numbers ; they
constitute as gallant a portion of our armies as carry our banner any
where. If released they would soon return to again do vigorous battle
for ourcause. We are told that the only obstacle in the way of exchange
is the status of enlisted negroes captured from our armies ; the United
States claiming that the cartel covers all who serve under its flag and
the Confederate States refusing to consider the negro soldiers, hereto
fore slaves, as prisoners of war. We beg leave to suggest some facts
bearing upon the question of exchange which we would urge upon this
consideration. "Is it not consistent with the national honor, without waiving the
claim that the negro soldiers shall be treated as prisoners of war, yet
to effect an exchange of the white soldiers ? The two classes are treated

PRISONERS OF WAR 279
differently by the enemy, the white is confined in such prisons as Libby
and Andersonville, starved and treated with a barbarism unknown
to civilized nations; the black, on the contrary, is seldom imprisoned;
they are distributed among the citizens or employed upon Government
works. Under these circumstances they receive enough to eat and
are worked no harder than accustomed to; they are neither starved
nor killed off by the pestilence in the dungeons of Richmond and
Charleston. It is true they are again made slaves, but their slavery
is freedom and happiness compared with the cruel existence imposed
•pon our gallant men. They are not bereft of hope, as are the Union
soldiers dying by inches. 'Their chances of escape are tenfold greater
than those of the white soldiers, and their condition, viewed in all its
lights, is tolerable in comparison with that of the prisoners of war
now languishing in the dens and pens of 'Secession.' "
"Let 35,000 suffering, starving and dying enlisted men aid this
appeal to the Chief Magistrate of the Republic for prompt and decisive
action in their behalf; 35,000 heroes will be made happy. For the
1,800 commissioned officers, now prisoners, we urge nothing. Although
desirous of returning to our duty, we can bear imprisonment with mora
fortitude if the enUsted men, whose sufferings we know to be intoler
able, were restored to liberty and life."
At a meeting of the Sergeants commanding detachments of
prisoners at AndersonviUe in July, 1864, a preamble and address
were unanimously adopted. This address was couched in the
most moderate language so as not to offend the Confederates
who knew of the action of the prisoners. This production of
the AndersonviUe prisoners was carried through the lines by
Prescott Tracy, a private in Company G, Eighty-second New
York — a regiment belonging to our Brigade. Tracy was
captured at the battle of Jerusalem plank road and paroled in
August 1864. He saw General Stoneman in Charleston and
secreted upon his clothing General Stoneman's petition and
brought it through the lines. Both petitions were later presen
ted to President Lincoln. This address of the Andersonville
prisoners is as follows:
"Preamble. — Apparently one of the effects of the'progress of this
terrible war has been to deaden our sympathies and make us more
selfish than we were when the tocsin of battle strife first sounded in the
land. Perhaps this state of public feeUng was to have been antici
pated. The frequency with which you hear of captures in battles,
and the accounts which you have seen of their treatment, has robbed
the spectacle of its novelty and, by a law of nature, has taken off the
edge of sensibilities and made them less the subject of interest. No
one can know the horrors of imprisonment in crowded and filthy quar
ters but him who has endured it, and it requires a brave heart not to
succumb. But hunger, filth, nakedness, squalor, and disease are as
nothing compared with the heartsickness which wears prisoners down ,
most of them young men whose terms of enlistment have expired, and
many of them with nothing to attach them to the cause in which they

28o 'the NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
suffer but principle and love of country and of friends. Does the mis
fortune of being taken prisoner make us less the object of interest and
value to our government? If such you plead, plead it no longer.
These are no common men, and it is no common merit that they call
upon you to aid in their release from captivity.
We, undersigned sergeants in the U. S. Army, having in charge
the various detachments of prisoners now confined in AndersonviUe,
Ga., would respectfully represent:
First: That a large portion of the prisoners have been held as
such for periods ranging from nine to fifteen months, subject to all
hardships and privations incident to a state of captivity in an enemy's
country. Second. That there are now confined in this prison from 25,000 to
30,000 men, with daily accessions of hundreds, and that the mortality
among them, generated by various causes, such as change of climate,
dirt, and want of proper exercise, is becoming truly frightful to con
template, and is rapidly increasing in virulence, decimating their ranks
by hundreds weekly.
Third. In view of the foregoing facts, we, your petitioners, most
earnestly yet respectfully pray that some action be immediately
taken to effect our speedy release, either on parole or by exchange,
the dictates both of humanity and justice alike demanding it on the
part of our Government.
Fourth. We shall look forward with a hopeful confidence that
something will be speedily done in this matter, believing that a proper
statement of the facts is all that is necessary to secure a redress of the
grievances complained of.
Fifth. The above has been read to each detachment by its respec
tive sergeant and been approved by the men, who have unanimously
authorized each sergeant to sign it as will and deed of the whole."
These pitiful and heartrending appeals fell upon deaf ears.
Full authority with respect to exchange of prisoners was vested
in the Commander-in-chief and he had ordered that no further
exchanges should be made. This order did not apply to naval
prisoners. Special exchanges also of officers, who had strong
political influence with their home government, was constantly
carried on.
On August 19th, 1864, General Grant in a letter to Secre
tary Seward states that" We ought not to make a single exchange
nor release a prisoner on any pretext whatever. We have got
to fight until the military power of the South is exhausted, and
if we release or exchange prisoners captured it simply becomes
a war of extermination." (W. R. Vol. 7, Series 2, p. 615.)
On the loth of August, 1864, the Confederate authorities
professing to be moved by the sufl'ering of the men in prisons
upon each side, yielded every demand that they ever made for
what they claimed to be fairness in the exchange of prisoners,

PRISONERS OF WAR 28 1
and addressed the following letter to our assistant commissioner
of exchange, at Fortress Monroe: "Richmond, Va., August 10th, '64.
Maj. John Mulford,
Asst. Agent of Exchange.
Sir: — You have several times proposed to me to exchange the
prisoners respectively held by the two belligerents officer for officer
and man for man. 'The same offer has also been made by other offi
cials having charge of the matters connected with tbe exchange of
prisoners. This proposition has heretofore been declined by the
Confederate authorities, they insisting upon the terms of the cartel
which required the delivery of the excess upon either side upon parole .
In view, however, of the very large number of prisoners now held by
each party, and the suffering consequent upon their continued confine
ment, I now consent to the above proposal and agree to deliver to you
the prisoners held in captivity by the Confederate authorities, pro
vided you agree to deliver an equal number of Confederate officers
and men. As equal numbers are deUvered from time to time, they
will be declared exchanged. This proposal is made with the under
standing that the officers and men on both sides, who have been longest
in captivity, will be first delivered, where it is practicable. I shall
be happy to hear from you as speedily as possible whether this arrange
ment can be carried out. Respectfully your obedient servant,
R. Ould, Agent of Exchange."
When this letter was delivered there was a statement of
the great mortality which was hurrying so many Union prison
ers to the grave at AndersonvUle. A copy of this letter was
sent to General Hitchcock, the United States Commissioner of
exchange, and also to Secretary Stanton at Washington. By
continual pounding, after the lapse of more than twenty days
the following letter was sent to the Confederate (Commissioner
of exchange, under date of August 31, 1864:
"Hon. R. Ould,
Agent of Exchange.
Sir: "I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of
to-day, requesting answer, etc., to your communication of the 10th
inst., on the question of exchange of prisoners. To which, in reply,
I would say, I have no communication on the subject from our author
ities, nor am I authorized to make answer.
I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, John E. Mulford,
Asst. Agent of Exchange."
So far as the records show, no further attention was ever
paid to this eminently fair proposition on the part of the Con
federate authorities.

282 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Subsequent to that time, there was an agreement between
the Union and Confederate governments that each side might
send anything in the way of eatables, clothing and blankets to
their prisoners which it was desired to send. Union officerswho
were prisoners in the South were selected to distribute what
was sent to the Union prisoners there, and Confederate officers,
confined in prisons in the North, were authorized to distribute
what was sent from the South. This agreement was entered
into between Generals Grant and Lee. It went on satisfacto
rily for a while and then there was such a hue and cry made that
the supplies for our prisoners in the South were not being fairly
distributed, and were being stolen by the Confederate
authorities, that, after furnishing a statement from the Union
officers distributing our supplies in the South showing the fair
ness with which the work had been done. Commissioner Ould
sent a communication stopping all further courtesies of that
kind. Some time in the late summer or early autumn of 1864,
after consultation with General Grant and with his approval.
General Butler prepared a long argument pretending to set forth
our side of the controversy with the Confederates, couched in
the most offensive form possible, consistent with ordinary
courtesy of language and forwarded the same to Mr. Ould, the
Confederate Commissioner. This was done for the purpose of
carrying out the wishes of General Grant that no prisoners of
war should be exchanged. The claims set forth by General
Butler in this letter were purposely made extravagant. General
Butler has stated that with the consent of General Grant, as
a last resort, in order to prevent the exchange of prisoners, he
determined to demand that the outlawry against him should
be formally reversed by the Confederate government and
apologized for before he would enter into any further negotia
tions with Mr. Ould. This "last resort" move of Butler was
approved by General Grant. General Butler's argument,
however, was sufficient to settle the Confederntes for a whUe.
General Grant readily consented to the exchange of naval
prisoners. Naval colored prisoners did not impede in any
respect the exchange of prisoners. General Butler wrote to

PRISONERS OF WAR 283
Secretary Stanton, October 3rd, 1864, complaining of this
procedure. He stated that "our soldiers will not be too well
] le sed to hear that sailors can, and soldiers cannot, be ex-
( hanged. To illustrate how important a factor former slaves had
become in relation to the subject to the exchange of prison
ers the following correspondence is introduced:
"Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, October 1, 1864.
Lieut. [Gen. U. S. Grant, Commanding Armies of the United States:
'General: With a view of alleviating the sufferings of our
soldiers, I have the honor to propose an exchange of the prisoners of
war belonging to the armies operating in Virginia, man for man, or
upon the basis established by the cartel.
With much respect, your obedient servant,
R. E. Lee, General."
"Headquarters Armies of the United States, October 2, 1864.
General R. E. Lee, Commanding Army of Northern Virginia:
General: Your letter of yesterday proposing to exchange
prisoners of war belonging to the armies operating in Virginia is received.
I could not of a right accept your proposition further than to exchange
those prisoners captured within the last three days and who have not
yet been delivered to the Commissary-General of Prisoners. Among
those lost by the armies operating against Richmond were a number
of colored troops. Before further negotiations are had upon the sub
ject I would ask if you propose delivering these men the same as white
soldiers . Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General. ' '
"Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, October 3, 1864.
Lieut. Gen. U. S. Grant,
Commanding Armies of the United States :
General: In my proposition of the 1st instant to exchange
the prisoners of war belonging to the armies operating in Virginia I in
tended to include aU captured soldiers of the United States of whatever
nation and color under my control. Deserters from our service and
negroes belonging to our citizens are not considered subjects of ex
change and were not included in my proposition. If there are any such
among those stated by you to have been captured around Richmond
they cannot be returned.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. E. Lee, General."

284 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
"Headquarters Armies of the United States, October 3, 1864.
General R. E. Lee, Commanding Army of Northern Virginia:
GENERAL: Your letter of this date is received. In answer
I have to state that the Government is bound to secure to all persons
received into her armies the rights due to soldiers. This being denied
by you in the persons of such men as have escaped from Southern
masters induces me to decline making tne exchanges you ask. The
whole matter, however, will be referred to the proper authority for their
decision, and whatever it may be will be adhered to.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General, ' ' 1
Mr. Ould, the Commissioner of exchange, under date of
November ist, 1864, in his report to Mr. Seddon, Confederate
Secretary of War, uses the following language:
"At the time of my last report, we insisted upon the release of
all prisoners, the excess to be on parole. The enemy refused to comply
with this plain requirement of the cartel and demanded, when a deliv
ery of the prisoners was made, an equal number in return. Seeing
the persistent purpose on the part of the Federal Govemment to violate
this agreement, our authorities, moved by the sufferings of the brave
men who were so unjustly held in Northern prisons, determined to
abate their just demands, and accordingly, on the 10th of August
last, I offered to exchange the prisoners respectively held by the two
belligerents, officer for officer and man for man, and only stipulated
that the officers and men who had been longest in captivity should
be first delivered, where it was practicable. Altnough this offer was
substantially what had often been proposed by the Federal author
ities, and would have left in their hands whatever excess of prisoners
they might have had, yet it was not accepted. *******
Lately I have consummated an agreement for the release and exc.iange
of all naval prisoners. A partial delivery has already been made and
another is daily expected, wnich will fully carry out the agreement."
This report of Mr. Ould was not made for pubHcation, but
was furnished in accordance with the requirements of the Con
federate government. It may be taken as settled that the
Confederates offered to exchange prisoners,"officer for officer and
man for man," until all the prisoners held by the (Confederates
were exchanged. And then we would have had nearly 15,000
Confederate prisoners on our hands.
Surgeon Joseph Jones of the Confederate army was ordered
to inspect the Andersonville Prison, and on October 19th, 1864,
made a full report to Surgeon-General Moore of the Confederate
War Department. The following extract shows some of the
IW. R. Series II, Volume VII, p. p. 906, 909, 914.

PRISONERS OF WAR 285
horrible and revolting conditions existing in that prison and
endured by the unfortunate Union prisoners there confined:
"Since the establishment of this prison on the 24th of February,
1864, to the present time, over 10,000 Federal prisoners have died;
that is, nearly one-third of the entire number have perished in less
than seven months.
"I instituted careful investigations into the condition of the sink
and weU and performed numerous post-mortem examinations. The
medical topography of Andersonville and the surrounding country
was examined, and the waters of the springs, streams and wells around
and within the stockade and hospital carefully analyzed.
"Diarrhoea, dysentry, scurvy, and hospital gangrene were the
diseases which have been the main cause of this extraordinary mor
taUty. The origin and character of the hospital gangrene which pre
vailed to so remarkable a degree, and with such fatal effect amongst
the Federal prisoners, engaged my most serious and earnest consider
ation. More than 30,000 men crowded upon twenty-seven acres of
land, witn little or no shelter from the intense heat of a Southem
summer, or from the rain and the dew of night, with coarse com bread
from which the husk had not been removed, with but scant supplies
of fresh meat and vegetables, with little or no attention to hygiene,
with festering masses of filth at the very doors of their rude dens and
tents, with the greater portion of the banks of the stream flowing
through the stockade, a filthy quagmire of human excrements alive
with working maggots, generated by their own filthy exhalations
and excretions, an atmosphere that so deteriorated and contaminated
their soUds and fluids that the slightest scratch and even the bites of
small insects were in some cases followed by such rapid and extensive
gangrene as to destroy extremities and even life itself.
"A large number of operations have been performed in the hos
pital on account of gangrene following sUght injuries and alDrasions
of the surface. In almost every case of amputation for gangrene the
disease returned, and a large proportion of the cases have terminated
fatally." The statistics which have been given and quoted so often
since the close of the war with regard to deaths in Confederate
prisons are not reliable. The original records of these prisons
in the possession of the War Department are far from being
complete. The War Department has never secured the "Death
Registers" of the following well known places of confinement
for large numbers of Union soldiers, viz: Americus, Atlanta,
Augusta, Macon, Marietta and Savannah, Ga.; Camp Ford,
Tyler, Texas; Charleston, S. C; Lynchburg, Va.; Mobile and
Montgomery, Ala.; and other small prisons of the South. Only
partial records of the prisons at Columbia and Florence, S. C,
Millen, Ga., and Salisbury, N. C, are in the possession of the
War Department. While the number of known deaths in the

286 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Confederate prisons is increasing yearly, the death number will
never be definitely known.
From information contained in a Memorandum Circular
issued by the Adjutant-General's office in Washington, under
date of March 12th, 1908, the tables below given have been
made. The number of Union soldiers who died in prison as
given in one of these tables includes only the number actually
known to have died in Confederate prisons.
UNION SOLDIERS.
Captured during the war  211,411
Paroled on the field  16,668
Died in captivity  30,218
Joined in the Confederate service  3,161
Escaped from prison  2-, 744
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS.
Captured during the war  462,634
Paroled on the field  247,769
Died in captivity  25,976
Joined the U. S. service  5,419
Escaped from prison  1,938
All medicines were made contraband of war. The Con
federate authorities tried to purchase from the North, and pay
for in cash, certain medicines which they pledged should be used
for the treatment of our sick and dying soldiers in their prisons,
but our government would not consent. At he time small
pox prevaUed among the Union prisoners at Richmond, General
Butler sent vaccine matter sufficient for six thousand vaccina
tions to the Confederate commissioner to be used for the benefit
of our prisoners.
In the spring of 1865, the Confederate government offered
to surrender to us all our sick and disabled prisoners, without
any compensation at all. After a long delay, as though the
government grudgingly assumed the expense of bringing these
Union invalids north and caring for them, nearly 13,000 were
delivered by the Confederates at Savannah, without asking or
receiving any soldiers in exchange.
On the authority of General J. B. Imboden, and aftef
Savannah had been captured by General Sherman, he offerea
to send all of the prisoners confined at Andersonville and some

PRISONERS OF WAR 287
other places, to Saint Augustine, Florida, without asking any
thing in return therefor, and the Union officer in command at
that place offered to receive them. After several thousand had
been started and got into the State of Florida, this officer in
formed the Confederate authorities that he could not receive
them without communication with General Grant, who was
then at City Point. And, as short of transportation as the
Southerners were, these men had to be hauled back to Anderson
ville. Whatever correspondence was carried on between these
parties cannot be found in the War Records.
No attempt is made here to palliate or excuse the brutal
treatment of prisoners at Andersonville. It was doubtless
true that it was almost impossible to properly feed as many
prisoners as were confined there. The resources, the supplies,
the provisions and transportation facilities the South had, were
getting mighty poor, in 1864 and 1865. If anything could
have been more cruel than the treatment of our prisoners by
the Confederates, it was the criminal neglect shown them by
our own authorities.
It is claimed by some that General Grant in refusing to ex
change prisoners was following the example of General Washing
ton, who refused to exchange British prisoners in the War of
the Revolution for the . prison ship martyrs confined in the
prison hulks in New York Harbor. This is an unfair state
ment. It is true that the British authorities offered to make
this exchange. Washington wrote to Congress that such an
exchange "would immediately give the enemy considerable
reinforcements and will be a constant draft hereafter upon the
prisoners of war in our hands, while the exchange of American
prisoners, being captured while engaged in private enterprises
would return to their homes." Washington's words here
quoted furnish a justification for his refusal. The privateers-
man was neither a sailor nor soldier enlisted in the service of
his country. He was engaged in a form of private war upon the
enemy's commerce and one of his principal motives was usually
financial profit. Privateering was then a legitimate form of
warfare but has now become obsolete. Certainly, General
Washington was under no obligation to give up British soldiers

288 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
captured in battle for the private citizens held by the British
government, who, if exchanged, would return to their homes
or start out on another privateering expedition.
The "rate of exchange," computed in prisoners, had been
agreed upon. In the exchange of prisoners it was not always
possible to exchange man for man in the rank which the men
occupied. If there was an excess of officers on one side it was
made up by throwing in a few privates on the other. Two
private soldiers would purchase a Sergeant, four, a Lieutenant
and six, a Captain. It took eight privates to equal a Major, ten,
a Lieutenant-Colonel, fifteen, a Colonel and twenty, a Brigadier-
General. The writer has seen cases where the Government
would be cheated by swapping a private for a Colonel, or even
a Brigadier-General, man for man.
From reports filed with the Confederate War Department
it appears that there were the following number of prisoners at
AndersonvUle at the dates given.
June 1st, 1864  17415
In hospital  1039
Total  18454
Died during month of May  1203
July 1st,  25005
In hospital  1362
Total  26367
Died during June  1742
August 1st,  29985
In hospital  1693
Total  31678
Died in July  2993
Sept. 1st,  29473
In hospital  2220
Total  31693
Oct. 1st,  6147
In hospital  2071
Total  8218
Died during Sept  1560
Nov. 1st  1729
In hospital  2479
Total  4208
It would appear that on the ist of November practically
all of the well prisoners had been removed from Andersonville,

PRISONERS OF WAR 289
Captam Wirz, then commanding the prison, reported that dur
ing the month of October twenty-eight had escaped from prison.
The approach of General Sherman's army caused the large
reduction in the number of prisoners confined at that place.
There were more prisoners at Andersonville in the spring of
1865, than in November 1864.
The following is a list of the members of the Nineteenth
Maine who died in Confederate prison. The name of two
persons are included in this list who died immediately after their
parole. The writer does not claim that this list is full or
entirely accurate, but it is more nearly accurate than any list
he has ever seen. It is unquestionably true that the names
of some few persons belonging to the Nineteenth who died
while in captivity will not be found here.
NAMES OF SOLDIERS BELONGING TO THE NINETEENTH
MAINE REGIMENT WHO DIED IN CONFEDERATE
pr: sons, TOGETHER WITH THE NAME OF
THE PRISON, WHEN KNOWN, AND
DATE OF DEATH.
Company A.
WilUam Crosby (4th Me.), Andersonville, Sept. 12, '64; Charles
E. Day, Libby Prison, Dec. 19, '64; Henry H. Fairbrother, reptd.,
died ^at Andersonville Sept. 28, '64; Henry Leavitt, AndersonviUe.
Nov. 1st, '64. Compony B.
Henry A. Dore (paroled prisoner), Annapolis, Nov. 25, '63 ; Thomas
E. Snowdeal, (4th Me.), name appears as F. Snowdale, AndersonviUe
June 10th, '64. Company C.
James H. Flanders, Prison unknown, Nov. 27th, '64.
Company D.
James O. Bean, SaUsbury Prison, January IS, '65; Joseph E,
Clark (4th Me., Prison records show L. Clark), Andersonville, Oct.
2nd, '64; John Cook (4th Me., Prison records show James Cook),
Andersonville, July 2Sth, '64; Oliver Cromwell (Prison records show
W. H. CromweU), Andersonville, Oct. 18, '64; Hiram B. Hoffses
(Prison records show H. Hopes), Andersonville, December 27th, '64;
John A. White (Reported on the muster roll as having died at Ander
sonviUe. Name not found on Andersonville records.), Oct. 1st, '64.
Co-mpany E.
John Carr, Andersonville, Sept. 15th, '64; John Foley, Anderson
ville, June 15th, '64; William Jones, Andersonville, August 16th, '64;
Samuel O. Pease, Andersonville Aug. 21, '64; Benjamin Roberts,
AndersonviUe November 23rd, '64; Isaac L. Sanborn, Prison and
date of death unknown; Nathan S, Winslow (4th Me.), Anderson
ville, Aug. 13th, '64; Simon H. Willey, Andersonville, July 10th, '64.

290 TNE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Company F.
Justus C. Briggs, Andersonville, Aug. Sth, '64; Nathaniel O. Gow
ell, (5fame appears as N. Gowell, Company F, Nineteenth Michigan),
Andersonville, Jan. llth, '65; Isaac Jordan, (4th Me.) , Andersonville,
Feb. 6th, '65; Hezekiah D. Morse, died at Camp Lawton prison, near
Miller, Ga. ; Leonard B. Ricker, Prison unknown, Nov. 5, '64; Patrick
Sweeney, Andersonville, Aug. 27th, '64; James O. Stevans, Libby
Prison, Febmary 27th, '64. Company G.
James Ballard (Prison records show J. Ballast), Andersonville
Oct. llth, ,64; James Hammond, Andersonville, Sept. 10th, '64;
Alfred J. Marston, AndersonviUe, Sept. 00, '64; Albert Quimby (4th
Me.). Prison and date of death unknown.
Company H.
Charles L. Bigelow, Andersonville, Sept. 3rd, '64; Mark G. Babb,
Augusta Prison, Ga., July 12, '64; Charles Prescott, Andersonville,
Jan. 7th, '65; Cyrus L. Ring (4th Me.), Salisbury Prison, Dec. 1st, '64;
George L. Smith (paroled prisoner), Annapolis, Oct. 28th, '64.
Co-mpany I.
John Anderson, Andersonville, June 28th, '64; Leverett S. Boyn
ton (4th Me.), reptd, died Andersonville, but name does not appear
on Andersonville Ust, died Nov. 27, '64; Ai.igustus Burgin, Ander
sonviUe, Sept. llth, '64; Jeremiah Kelley, (Name appears as
J. Kellar) Oct. 28th, '64; Peter Larkin (Reptd. as having died at Ander
sonville, but name not found on Andersonville list) died Oct. 20th, '64;
Westley Rich (4th Me.) Belle Isle, Nov. 18th, '64; Samuel D. Small
(4th Me.) Belle Isle, Nov. 15th, '64; Corporal Warren B. Thomdyke,
Andersonville, March 30th, '65; Philo F. Washburn, died in prison at
Richmond, Va., Jan. 1st, '64. Co-mpany K.
Reuben Gibbs, Andersonville, Jan. 23rd, '65; Corporal Nathaniel
C. McFariand, Andersonville, Mar. 13th, '65; Henry Roberts, Ander
sonville, July 24th, '64.
NAMES WHICH CANNOT BE INDETIFIED BUT FOUND ON
ANDERSONVILLE LIST OF DEATHS.
r  Henninger, 19th Me., July 28th, '64; S. Snower, Co. A,
19th Me., Sept. 28th, '64; F. St. Peter, Co. F. 19th Me., Oct. 27th, '64.

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 29I

CHAPTER XVII.

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN.
At dawn, March the 25th, heavy firing was heard on our
right, which proved to be an attack of the enemy on the Union
lines at Fort Stedman. General Gordon, of the Confederate
army, with nearly one-half of Lee's troops in and around
Petersburg, surprised and fell with overpowering force upon the
Ninth Corps, capturing Fort Stedman and one or two of the
neighboring redoubts. Gordon and his men were at length
driven back, losing nearly 4000 men in killed, wounded and
prisoners. This was the last attempt of Lee to penetrate our
works. General Humphreys, with our Corps, without waiting
for orders, moved with great promptness toward the enemy's
works. Our attack was made with such vigor that the in
trenched line of the Confederate pickets was captured and our
forces pushed up to the main line of the Confederate works. At
midnight the Regiment returned to the main line of works, but
retained the captured works of the Confederate pickets. The
enemy made repeated efforts to retake his old picket Hne, but
was unsuccessful. The losses in the Brigade were very small.
The Regiment returned to camp on the forenoon of the 26th,
and remained there untU the 29th of March. Herman L. Bray,
Company E, is reported wounded on March 28th.
The two opposing lines now confronting each other stretch
ed across the country for a distance of between thirty-five and
forty miles. These lines began on the north, between the
Chickahominy and James rivers, extended south across the
peninsula between the James and Appomattox, thence southerly
across the Appomattox to the south of Petersburg, and thence
westerly to Hatcher's run.
Early in the morning of March 29th, our Regiment started
with the Cbrps for Hatcher's run, having been relieved the

292 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
night before by a portion of Gibbon's Twenty-fourth Corps.
This was the beginning of the last campaign of the Army of the
Potomac. We crossed Hatcher's run at the Vaughn road and
our Corps stretched from Hatcher's run in a westerly direction,
the right of our Division resting on the run and connecting
with the Third Division of our Corps on the left. The First
Division of the Corps occupied the left. The left of our Corps
connected with Warren's Fifth Corps at the Vaughn road
crossing of Gravelly run. About one-third of each Division
of the Second Corps was in reserve.
On the morning of March 29th, General Grant orderec'
Sheridan with his large Cavalry Corps to Dinwiddie Court
House. Sheridan was reinforced by the Cavalry Division of
Kautz, now commanded by that rising young Brigadier-
General, R. S. MacKenzie. When the old Nineteenth was
organized. General MacKenzie was a Second Lieutenant. He
was made Brigadier-General, October 9th, 1864, and his rapid
promotion was in every way deserved. Sheridan immediately
began to move from Dinwiddie toward Five Forks with his
powerful Cavalry force. Two entire Corps, the Second and
Fifth, were sent across Hatcher's run to cooperate with Sheridan.
Warren's Corps was on the left and next to Sheridan, but
hardly within supporting distance, and Humphrey's Second
Corps on Warren's right and reaching to Hatcher's run.
It was not known whether Lee would strike Humphreys
next to Hatcher's run, or go down the Boydton road and
attack Warren, or take the White Oak road and move westerly
from Burgess' mill to Five Forks and attack Sheridan. It wiU
be remembered that the Regiment was nearest the White Oak
road, when in the vicinity of Burgess' mill, at the time of the
engagement on the Boydton road on October 27th. If General
Lee intended to retain Petersburg or Richmond, be must
necessarily attack this force now southwest of Hatcher's run,
which was relentlessly pounding its way northwesterly toward
the South Side railroad. General Lee determined to attack
Warren and Sheridan.
A downpour of rain set in early on March 30th and con
tinued for nearly forty-eight hours, flooding a great portion

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 293
of that low, swampy country and rendering the roads nearly
impassable for heavy trains and artillery. This necessary
delay to the Union forces gave Lee the opportunity which he
needed to get his forces massed in front of Warren and Sheridan.
The Nineteenth reached Dabney's mill on the night of the
29th. We will let Lieutenant-Cblonel Spaulding describe the
movement of the Regiment on this day after it had crossed
Hatcher's run:
"Cblonel Starbird was directed to deploy one-half of his
Regiment as skirmishers, using the remainder, together with the
Fifty-ninth New York Volunteers and the One Hundred and
Fifty-second New York Volunteers, who were ordered to report
to him, as a support, and advance through the woods to find out
who, if anybody, were out there. 1 was with the skirmishers.
Hunters of big game in the backwoods can understand the
nervous excitement which thrills one in advancing upon an
enemy, whether a wild beast or an armed soldier, through thick
woods where only occasional glimpses would enable you to see
but a few rods in advance. Within the first mile we came to a
line of rifle pits that marked the Hne of the enemy's pickets,
who stole away at our approach, leaving their small fires burning
and in some instances their food cooking thereon. Still our
lines advanced, not rapidly but cautiously— very cautiously,
every man for himself in a sense — on the alert and watchful.
I know not how long nor how far we thus advanced, but it was
late in the afternoon, when the woods became more open, a
longer view could be obtained, and at last through the openings
we could see what looked like fresh earthworks of considerable
magnitude. Then greater caution was observed— each skir
misher advanced from tree to tree — ^jumping, creeping, crawling
— observing the general alignment, and at the same time keep
ing the keenest watch in front, till at last we reached the edge
of an opening, near the centre of which there loomed up a huge
pile of sawdust with one or two pieces of stove funnel mounted
upon it and pointed in our direction. At this we all laughed.
We had reached Dabney's mill. Soon the supporting lines
appeared from out the woods, when the skirmish line was again

294 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
pushed out a proper distance into the opposite woods and a
halt was made for the ni|;ht."
In the official report of the movements of the Regiment on
March 30th in the rain, Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding states that
five companies advanced as skirmishers and the remainder of the
Regiment was in the line of battle. The skirmishers advanced
until they met the enemy at Fort Powell and we were engaged
during the day until four o'clock in the afternoon, when the
skirmishers from the Regiment were relieved by the Thirty-
sixth Wisconsin and rejoined the Regiment and Brigade at
the Crow House.
Colonel Olmsted, who was in command of our Brigade,
states that on March 30th the Brigade with the rest of the
Division advanced at seven o'clock in the morning and carried
the enemy's works at Hatcher's run and at the Crow House.
Our Brigade took its position on the left of the Second Brigade
and relieved Pierce's Brigade of the Third Division. Colonel
Olmsted states that he "threw out the Nineteenth Maine as
skirmishers, supported by the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth
Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin
Volunteers, to find out the position of the enemy's works in
our front." At night the Regiment endeavored to strengthen
its advanced position by throwing up earthworks.
On the last day of March important events were taking
place upon our left. The Confederate General Pickett, with
a force of cavalry and infantry, met General Sheridan advancing
from Dinwiddie Court House toward Five Forks. A desperate
encounter took place between these forces, and General Sheri
dan's Cavalry was driven back in great confusion to the vicinity
of Dinwiddie Court House. In the meantime General Warren
was hurrying forward with the purpose of seizing the White
Oak road and thus cutting off, with his Corps, the Confederates
under Pickett from the rest of Lee's army. General Lee came
down from Petersburg and in person directed the attack on
Ayer's Division of Warren's Corps with four Brigades of Con
federate infantry. General Lee's attack was so vigorous and per
sistent that not only Ayer's Division, but also Crawford's Divis
ion of the same Corps, was driven back a considerable distance.

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 295
General Humphreys, hearing the heavy firing that came from
Warren's encounter, drew General Miles' Division of our Corps
out of the line and hurried it to the relief of the Fifth Corps.
This left our own Division and Mott's, confronting the Crow
House redoubt and the Confederate intrenchment at Burgess'
mUl. In order to relieve the pressure on Warren and Sheridan,
General Humphreys ordered our two remaining Divisions to
attempt to take these works in our front. Lieutenant-Colonel
Spaulding, in his report, states that the Regiment was deployed
and advanced as skirmishers a little after noon and went up to
"within short range of the enemy's works and engaged them
during the day, taking a few prisoners." The attacks of our
own and the Third Division on this day were not wholly suc
cessful, owing to the strong fortifications and the abattis formed
in front of the Confederate intrenchments. The Confederates
were prevented, however, from drawing troops away from our
front to reinforce the columns fighting Warren and Sheridan.
Privates Ithiel Pease, Company D, and John M. Knowl
ton, (4th Me.), Company I, were wounded March 31st.
Several other members of the Regiment, of which the rolls
furnish no information, were also slightly wounded on this
day, but did not leave the Regiment.
The reports of the Regiment covering the last campaign
were written by Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding, although
Colonel Starbird was in command of the Regiment until April
7th. Colonel Starbird was absent, wounded, at the time the
reports were prepared. During the month of AprU the Regi
ment had present for duty from three hundred and fifty to
three hundred and seventy-five men.
In the early afternoon of April ist, the Regiment, with the
rest of the Brigade, advanced a short distance and threw up a
strong line of works, connecting with the Second Brigade of our
Division on the right, and that Brigade connected with the
Twenty-fourth Corps. Late at night a strong skirmish line was
pushed out to the front with supports, and an unsuccessful
attack made on the enemy's works.
On the morning of AprU ist. General Warren was directed
by General Meade to extend his left so as to form a junction

296 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
with Sheridan, at wheh time he was to report to Sheridan and be
under his orders. It appears that General Sheridan preferred
and requested some other Corps to cooperate with him not hav
ing, as he stated, the fullest confidence in General Warren.
The latter officer reported to Sheridan about eleven o'clock in
the forenoon, completely ignorant of his preference for another
Cbrps. At one o'clock in the afternoon, Warren was ordered
to bring up his infantry, and he himself rode up the Five Forks
road in advance of the infantry to see Sheridan and to inform
himself of the use to be made of his troops, so that no time
would be lost on their arrival.
It is not the purpose of the writer to enter into a discussion
of the controversy waged between the friends of Sheridan and
Warren over the battle of Five Forks. It is sufficient to state
that at the very moment of victory at Five Forks, and after the
Fifth Corps had captured over 2000 prisoners with their arms,
eleven regimental colors and one four-gun battery. General
Warren, once the illustrious commander of the Second Corps
suffered the humihation of being relieved from his command
by'General Sheridan. After fifteen years of earnest entreaty
General Warren secured a Court of Inquiry, which convened
in New York City in 1880. General Sheridan in his personal
memoirs makes the following observation :
"Briefly stated, in my report of the battle of Five Forks, there
were four imputations concerning General Warren. The first implied
that Warren failed to reach me on the 1st of April, when I had reason
to expect him; the second, that the tactical handling of his Corps was
unskillful ; the third, that he did not exert himself to get his Corps up
to Gravelly Run Church; and the fourth, that when portions of his
line gave way he did not exert himself to restore confidence to his
troops. The Court found against him on the first and second counts,
and for him on the third and fourth.
Conceding everything that General Sheridan claims in this
most unfortunate affair, it would not have subtracted from his
well-earned fame if, after the passion of the hour had cooled and
he was Lieutenant-General of the Army, he had taken the initia
tive in repairing, so far as he could, the injury done to General
Warren. It seems, however, that he was not broad-minded
enough to do this. General Sherman in reviewing the proceed
ings of the Court of Inquiry approves the finding of the Court,

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 297
not SO much on the ground that Warren was culpable, as from
the fact that the power to remove should be lodged in the Com
mander, who "must act on the impulse, the conviction of the
instant." General Sherman adds : "No one has questioned the
patriotism, integrity and great intelligence of General Warren.
These are attested by a long record of most excellent service."
As the lapse of time gives us a better perspective. General
Warren, like General Thomas, has grown wonderfully in the
grateful appreciation of the American people, since the close of
that conflict in which he bore such an honorable part.
An attack was made on the enemy's works all along the
line on the 2nd of April. On this bright and clear Sunday
morning the Regiment was astir and advancing. The Sixth
and Ninth Corps had penetrated the enemy's lines in front of
Petersburg and captured his outer works, together with many
prisoners and guns. It was here that the Confederate General
A. P. HiU was kUled. The cheering that came along the line
from the direction of Petersburg and the heavy firing in that
direction indicated that something of importance was going on.
The news was soon conveyed to the old Second Corps. General
Humphreys now directed General Hays, commanding our
Division, to assault the Crow House redoubt in the early morn
ing. This work was successfully performed by the Division,
and the occupants of the redoubt were captured, together with
three pieces of artUlery. The Regiment then moved by the left
flank to the Boydton plank road and thence in a northerly
direction across Hatcher's run at Burgess' mill. The Con
federate works here were unoccupied and the "Johnnies" were
all on the run. Our march was practically unopposed during
the day, and the Second and Third Divisions, under Hays and
Mott, marched nearly fifteen mUes in a northerly direction,
leaving Petersburg on the right. Then we bore further to the
west, crossing the railroad at Sutherland station. Here,
skirmishers were thrown out in front, and we pushed on until
we came across the skirmishers of the First Division that had
been having severe fighting on the Claiborne road. General
Miles however, had captured the most of them after a severe
engagement. The Regiment encamped here for the night. On

298 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
AprU 3rd we resumed the march down the Cox road and across
to the Namozine road, and encamped for the night on the farm
of Mrs. Burke, near Nintercomac creek. We knew on this day
that Richmond and Petersburg had been evacuated and that the
Army of Northern Virginia was endeavoring to get around
General Meade's left flank, in precipitate retreat toward North
Carolina. The men of the Regiment were buoyant and happy.
We were off again early in the morning of April the 4th,
with the Sixth Corps on our right and the Fifth on our left.
There were heavy rains during the day, which greatly em
barrassed the trains and artillery. Cbrduroy roads were made
in places for the benefit of the wagon trains and artillery.
The Army of the James and the Ninth Corps were moving on
parallel lines further to the south. Our course was nearly due
west. The Confederate army was on the northern side of the
Appomattox and we on the southern, and it was a race to see
which should reach Amelia Cburt House first. On the after
noon of April 5th, the Second and Fifth Corps struck the
Danville railroad at JetersvUle, about half way between Amelia
Court House and Burke's station, which is the junction of the
Danville and the South Side railroads. We were now further
west than the Confederate army, which was concentrated about
Amelia Court House. Hoping to catch the Confederates, the
Second, Fifth and Sixth Corps started early on the morning of
April 6th, for Amelia Court House, the Second Corps
holding the left of the line. We were then moving back in the
direction of Richmond. In the meantime the Confederates
started about as early as we did and passed around our left
flank and pushed on for Rice's station on the South Side rail
road and some distance south of the Appomattox river. As
soon as this movement of the enemy was discovered, the three
Corps named changed the direction of their march and took a
westward course again. It now became a foot race between
the Divisions of our Corps to see which could first strike the
retreating enemy. On this day General Hays, who had been
commanding our Division, was relieved by General Smyth, and
later in the day General Barlow returned to the Second Corps

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 299
and was assigned to the command of our Division. General
Barlow was always liked by the troops he commanded. He
was cool and appeared to be absolutely without fear in battle.
He continued in the command of our Division until the sur
render of Lee's army.
Our Brigade advanced in line of battle the greater part of
the 6th. The rear of the Confederate force was constantly
firing upon us, and our skirmishers were pressing them in every
direction. General Sheridan was harrassing them from the
south. The road was strewn with abandoned wagons, guns,
blankets and equipments of all kinds. Sometimes we were
marching on roads parallel to, and in sight of, the Confederates,
and it seemed to be a neck-and-neck race until nearly night.
The Second Cbrps captured on this day 1700 prisoners, four
guns, and some three or four hundred loaded wagons and
ambulances. Sometimes the artillery of the Corps was on the
skirmish line. 1 1 was an exciting day. General Mott, the brave
commander of the Third Division, was severely wounded.
General De Trobriand succeeded Mott in command of the
Division. This day we had been fighting General Gordon's
Corps. The Sixth Cbrps and the Cavalry Divisions of Crook and
Merritt broke in upon and nearly annihilated the Corps of
Ewell and Anderson, taking many prisoners and six general
officers, among whom was General Ewell.
Lieutenant-Cblonel Spaulding makes the following con
tribution to this day's history:
"I remember, as we were advancing in Une through a beautiful
stretch of woods, a soUtary horseman was seen approaching at great
speed along a wood road from the enemy's direction. He came directly
toward me, and I saw that he was dressed in the natty gray uniform
of a Southem Lieutenant. His flushed countenance evinced great
excitement, and the foam on his horse showed the speed at which he
had ridden. A raised pistol and command to halt brought him to a
momentary stop when he exclaimed: 'For God's sake, do not delay
me. What direction will take me quickest to the General?' I pointed
down the road, and away he flew amid the shouts and cheers of our
men. He was one of the Union daredevil scouts and spies, bringing
in important information."
April 7th was historic for the Nineteenth Maine. The
Regiment on this day was to perform great service for the

300 TilE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Union cause. In General Barlow's official report he makes the
following allusion to our service:
"On the morning of April 7th, we continued the pursuit of the
enemy, moving on the right of the First Division and the main road.
During the morning, learning that it was the intention of the Corps'
commander to pass over High Bridge, I sent the Nineteenth Regiment
Maine Volunteers (of the First Brigade) to secure the bridge. After
considerable skirmishing this Regiment drove away the enemy and
secured the crossing, and extinguished the fire on the small dirt-road
bridge. They were unable to extinguish the fire on the railroad bridge,
three spans of which were destroyed before the Division pioneers
could cut away the burning part. During the skirmishing, Colonel
Starbird, commanding the Nineteenth Maine Volunteers, a gallant
officer, was dangerously wounded."
Colonel Olmsted, the commander of our Brigade, in his
official report, states that on the morning in question he ad
vanced with his brigade marching in column untU he arrived
near High Bridge. Upon discovering the situation "reported
to General Barlow that a rebel wagon train was in sight, and
was ordered to advance a regiment as skirmishers to take a
supposed work of the enemy near the southwest of High
Bridge." Colonel Olmsted's report continues : " I deployed the
Nineteenth Maine. They advanced, and afterward moved to
the right and saved the High Bridge and also a smaller bridge
for crossing below."
The following account of this important engagement and
what the old Regiment accomplished was written by Brevet
Brigadier-General Olmsted in 1892:
"On the morning of the 7th of April the Second and Third Brig
ades were ordered on the march, and the First Brigade of the Second
Division was, for some reason never known to me, held in position
near the headquarters of General William Hays, commanding the
Second Division. Shortly after the departure of the Second and Third
Brigades of the Second Division, Major-General F. C. Barlow rode to
my headquarters and wanted to know why I had not moved out. I
told him I had not been ordered to do so. He inquired where General
Hays' headquarters were, and I pointed them out to him, and on his
invitation rode with him to General Hays, where he (General Barlow)
announced his succession to the command of the Second Division,
Second Corps. He then rode down with me, placing me in position
to move down a road 1000 yards, and then to change direction and
move through a woods primeval due west, and to take my course by
compass. Arriving at the position indicated, I changed direction
westward and moved through this piece of woods, and I verily believe
no one ever before marched or went through them. Finally we came
out in an open country, and in our front, about one mile distant, saw

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 30I
a fort, Une of works, and a rebel train moving. Knowing we were
close upon the heels of Lee's army, and receiving information from
deserting Confederates that the troops were Lee's rear-guard, and
that the Une of works was the last stand made by Lee to cover the
crossing of his army, and that there was a foot-bridge, over which
Lee's army had crossed, and that it was the intention of the Confed
erates to fire this bridge and an elegant railroad bridge a short distance
apart, I ordered Colonel Isaac W. Starbird, with his regiment, the
Nineteenth Maine, to capture the first line of earthworks and secure
the bridge at all hazards.
"The wagon-road bridge referred to was reported by prisoners
to be the only crossing available for a long distance. Appreciating
this, I detailed Colonel Starbird for this important task. There were
no other Union troops in sight at this time. Colonel Starbird ad
vanced rapidly with the Nineteenth Maine, securing the works and
prisoners, from whom he learned where the foot or common road bridge
was ; the fort and Une of works were on the brow of a hill on the south
side of the Appomattox river.
"Colonel Starbird, having captured the line of works, was directed
to find the bridge and prevent the enemy from burning it. Pressing
a prisoner into service, with a pistol at the head of the Confederate,
he moved rapidly toward the river, discovering the railroad bridge
on fire — ^that is, the span of the bridge nearest the Confederate side of
the river — and also the common wagon-road bridge a few hundred
yards to the right of the railroad bridge, in flames. The railroad bridge
was some sixty feet high, a beautiful structure, extending from bluff
to bluff over the river. The common wagon-road bridge extended
over the narrow but unf ordable rivei . The importance of saving the
common wagon-road bridge was at once appreciated by Colonel Star-
bird. He directed his regiment to center all efforts to save this bridge
for the passage of troops, as the railroad bridge was of no consequence
at this time, as it could not be utilized for the immediate passage of
troops, artillery, etc. The river could not be forded, and as the rebels
could be plainly seen on the opposite bluff, it was of incalculable im
portance that a means of crossing the river should be secured for our
pursuing Corps. The small common wagon-road bridge must be
saved. This Colonel Starbird proceeded to do with his noble Nine
teenth Maine, and with a whoop and a run, every man recognizing
how much depended on his personal exertion, rushed down the
bank to the bridge and put out the fire with water that was in their
canteens, together with boxes, dippers and tents, left by the rebels
in their retreat, carried water from the river and extinguished the fire,
saving the bridge in a condition to admit of the passage of troops."
"The First Brigade of the Second Division, Second Corps, was in
the advance of Barlow's Division of the Second Corps, and tne Nine
teenth Maine was in the advance of the Brigade to which it belonged,
and saved this bridge, and is entitled to all the credit for doing it. No
other troops were there to aid them; and they are further to be cred
ited for their pluck and good staying qualities. If the Regiinent had
not been so prompt or had not done its work so effectually. General
Lee might not have surrendered as soon as he did, and might have
reached Lyncnburg and given us much more hard fighting to do."
This was the last battle of the Regiment. Inasmuch as
Lieutenant-Cblonel Spaulding's official report, written in the

302 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
hurry of the closing days of the war, was very brief, a more ex
tended and interesting account, written by that officer subse
quent to the war, is here inserted :
"The next morning, Friday, April 7th, at 5:30 a. m., our Corps
advanced in three columns. General Miles' First Division having the
road; Barlow's Second Division, to which we belonged, one thousand
yards to the right of the road, and De Trobriand's Third Division, one
thousand yards to the left of the road. The march in the early hours
was through woods — it was a bright beautiful day — the birds were
singing in the trees — the newly-born leaves and blades were fresh and
fair to look upon. The troops were in exuberant spirits. It came
the tum of our Brigade to have the lead in our Division that day, and
the Nineteenth Maine had the lead in our Brigade and thereby we
headed the right column. About ten o'clock in the forenoon we were
halted for a moment, as we approached the edge of tne woods with
green fields and pastures in front of us, and we saw in our immediate
front a long, high hill with sloping sides and earthworks on the top.
"General Humpnreys, the Corps commander, and General Barlow,
the Division commander, together at our head, scanned the situation
for a short time and then gave the order for the Nineteenth to deploy
as skirmishers and advance up the hill. The movement quickly com
menced, and the Corps and Division commanders, brave and gallant
men they were, went up the hill with the skirmishers. True, the
advance was unopposed, but no one knew what Wcis on the hill, and
it required the coolest sort of courage to find out. On reaching the
top, a broad view opened up before us. We were at High Bridge. A
steep bank extended down on the other side of the hill to the Appo
mattox river, not over a hundred feet in width, running full to its
banks. On the opposite side of the river was a broad intervale, then
only two or three feet above the surface of the water in the river, and
beyond a hill of the same elevation as that upon which we stood. The
railroad, wnich we struck here, crossed the river by a high bridge run
ning from hill to hill at the narrowest part of the valley. It had
twenty-one spans of a hundred feet each, we were told, and three of
the spans at the further end were on fire and one or more had already
fallen. "A few rods below the railroad bridge was a low travelled bridge
for the dirt-road, and that, too, was all on fire with a few of the enemy
still encouraging the fire.
"On the opposite hill, in full view, was General Mahone's Division
of the rebel army, and they were just forming to continue their retreat.
"The river was not fordable, and yet the Second Corps must
cross at just that point. The bridge must be saved — so said General
Humphreys. Our boys scampered down the steep bank to the burn
ing bridge, driving away the rebels; three companies were rushed
across to form a line of skirmishers on the other side, the line forming
a semi-circle with the two ends resting on the river. The remainder
of the Regiment spread over the bridge and with their dippers, caps
and hats — anything that would hold water which they could dip from
the river, so low was the bridge and so high the water, to put out the
fire, and the bridge was saved. Then the Regiment formed in single
rank along the river's edge, extending from the bridge on either hand
as far as possible, with one or two companies at our end of the bridge.
"The eriemy, discovering our movement and seeing what an in
significant force we had, sent back a brigade to complete the destruc-

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 303
tion of their bridge. Their movement commenced as soon as ours,
but they were obliged to make something of a detour to our right, so
that our men were all in position and the fire extinguished before
their lines were within comfortable range. At that time I had a
nervous mare which had been twice wounded and had learned to de
tect the sound of zipping buUets, so she acted in an engagement just
as I felt; but she had the advantage of me in not having the fear of
a court martial before her eyes — and she just had to go to the rear —
there I sent her that morning as soon as the enemy started for us.
We could see them advancing every step of the way. We could see
they were ten to our one. But Humphreys said the bridge must be
saved, and there was nobody else there but ourselves to save it.
"I had been with the three Companies as skirmishers under in
structions to place them in the best position and report at the bridge
that I had done so, for low bushes in places on the level ground ob
structed the view. I had just reported to Colonel Starbird, who sat
upon his horse on the bridge, where buUets were constantly singing,
when he directed that I give the skirmishers instructions to retire
stubbornly before the enemy, but at the same time quickly enough
at the last to recross the bridge to the Regiment in line on the other
side of the river. I quickly responded that I had given those instruc
tions to each Company commander, when Starbird feU from his horse
into my arms with such a painful wound from a bullet which he still
carries in his person, that we all thought it meant his death. He was
quickly taken to the rear. His bravery and gallantry in action was
ever conspicuous, drawing the attention of his own men and of his
superiors, and never more so than at that High Bridge fight.
"At his fall every officer and man felt an added responsibility
resting upon him personaUy. We all knew the position must be held
at aU hazards, and we could all see the force pouncing upon us. The
skirmishers held out so stubbornly that two of the companies were
unable to recross the bridge. They were ordered by motion of the
hand to flatten themselves upon the ground so that all the Regiment
could engage in the contest without endangering our own men.
"Then such a fight, for a Uttle one, as followed had rarely been
witnessed. The usual and ordinary commands of 'Lively now,'
'Keep cool,' 'Don't get excited,' 'Fire low,' 'Take aim,' 'Lively,' and
so on, were not heard and were not needed. Every man was exerting
himself to the utmost without the least indication of any undue excite
ment, and taking deUberate aim when he fired. Shortly many of the
officers were suppUed with arms by the muskets of the wounded. The
enemy would falter for a minute, then move on again, then stop for
a time, and aU the time they were loading and firing. Though their
bullets greatly outnumbered ours, they apparently were not doing
as much execution. Still they felt that the bridge must be reached
and destroyed, and were clearly amazed that such a small handfuU
of men were holding them back. They pressed on and on, the distance
between them and the bridge growing continually less and less. Just
when it seemed that, in spite of aU we could do, they would reach the
bridge and it would come to the bayonet, where numbers would count
to StiU greater advantage in their favor, a shout was heard by us com
ing from the rear, and turning our heads for a moment we beheld the
Second Brigade of our Division, descending the bank behind us on the
double quick, and the gallant General Smyth at their head — his sword
in one hand and broad-brimmed hat in the other, shouting 'Come on !
Come on I'

304 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
"Oh God! how our hearts throbbed with joy at the sight of those
noble men, led by one who we all knew well and loved for his great
gallantry and bravery in action.
"It took but a few moments for the head of their column to reach
the bridge. In the meantime our own boys in line to the right and
left of the bridge without order were also rushing for the bridge — the
Company at the end of the bridge, by command of its Captain (Lewis),
rushing across in advance of General Smyth, the two Companies
already over there joining in the melee ; all others as fast as they reached
the bridge joining the columns of our rescuers in rushing the bridge,
spreading out like a fan upon the level ground at the other end, all
in the midst of the most spirited musketry, and when the greater part
of the Brigade was over, our lines just blew over that intervale like a
whirlwind, and I think not one of those 'Johnnies' escaped capture.
"Very soon, and before we had our men all assembled. General
Humphreys rode along and, noticing us, he stopped his horse, and
said, 'I have just left Colonel Starbird in the little house on the hill.
He was dying when I left. You have done enough for one day, you
boys of the Nineteenth Maine — rest here as long as you please, then
follow on.'
"The gallant Smjrth, who came to our rescue, later that day again
charged the enemy, and in the midst fell from his horse with a bullet
through the very centre of his forehead.
"I never recall this hero of that great war without bringing to
mind an incident which occurred at our Division headquarters a month
or two earlier, when General Smyth was in command of the Division.
On a Sunday aftemoon our Brigade commander had been holding a
Brigade dress parade, and after it was over he invited the field officers
to go with him to Division headquarters to call upon General Smyth.
While there, some of Smyth's staff returned from a visit up towards
the right of our lines before Petersburg and brought the news that peace
commissioners had come into our lines that day. Immediately con
versation turned upon the prospect of peace. Many thought we should
see no more fighting, when General Smyth said: 'I don't know, boys;
I think some of us here will yet have a chance to claim six feet of Vir
ginia soil.' Then turning to Colonel Stover, of the One Himdred and
Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania, he said, referring to the custom of nam
ing forts after some officer who had fallen in that immediate vicinity
'Stover, how would you like to have a fort over here named after you.
"Fort Stover," that would sound pretty well.' The Colonel, strok
ing his beard, replied: 'Well General, if I had my choice about the
matter, I think I would prefer to have a nice, healthy male child
named after me.' General Smyth was the only officer in that meet
ing who afterwards lost his life in battle."
In his report, General Meade made the following statement:
"The Second Corps resumed the direct pursuit of the enemy,
coming up with him at High Bridge over the Appomattox. Here
the enemy made a feeble stand with his rear guard, attempting to bum
the railroad and common bridge. Being driven off by Humphreys,
he succeeded in burning three spans of the railroad bridge, but the
common bridge was saved, which Humphreys immediately crossed
in pursuit, the enemy abandoning eighteen guns at this point."
General Humphreys, commanding the Cbrps, said:

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 3O5
"Learning subsequently from the people of the country that the
main body of troops had gone to High Bridge, I immediately crossed
over to it. This brought General Barlow to the bridge a short time
in advance of the First Division. Here he overtook the rear of the
enemy just as they had fired the wagon-road bridge and as the second
span of the railroad bridge was burning. The wagon-road bridge
was secured, a matter of importance, as the Appomattox was not
fordable. A considerable force of the enemy was drawn up in a strong
position on the heights of the opposite bank to oppose our passage, a
position the strength of which the redoubts on the opposite side increased.
Their skirmishers attempted to hold the bridge, but were quickly
driven from it, and the troops crossed over. General Barlow's Division
leading. Artillery was rapidly put in position to cover our attack,
but the enemy moved off without waiting for it. The redoubt form
ing the bridge head on the south bank was blown up as we approached,
and eight pieces of artillery in it abandoned to us, as were ten pieces
in the works on the north side of the Appomattox."
General Humphreys, in his history of the Virginia Cam
paign of 1864 and 1865, places great importance on the fact
that the Second Corps was able to cross the Appomattox on the
7th of April. If Lee had not been detained there, and at Farm-
viUe, he could have reached Appomattox station easily on
AprU the Sth and Lynchburg on the 9th of April. The delay
was fatal to the Confederate cause. It gave to Sheridan and
Ord the opportunity to place themselves across Lee's path at
Appomattox Court House. It was the raUroad bridge that
was called High Bridge because it was built upon piers some
sixty feet high, across the narrow river.
This was the last engagement in which the Nineteenth
Maine ever participated. LIST~OF WOUNDED AT HIGH BRIDGE,
April 7, 1865.
Colonel Isaac W. Starbird (seriously) ; First Leiutenant
Charles P. Garland, Company H; Barak A. Hatch, Company D;
Samuel Bassett, Company E, and Edward P- White, Com
pany F.
There were some others slightly wounded but in the ex
citement and confusion of the closing days of the campaign,
their names were not reported.
The Second Corps pursued the enemy along the north bank
of the river during the 8th. The Sixth Corps kept along with
the Second on the 8th, and both Grant and Meade accompanied

306 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
these Corps. It was a very hard march for the Regiment, and
many fell out exhausted during the day. They came up, how
ever, during the night, but some of them did not reach the
Regiment until neariy daylight. Let us ask Colonel Spaulding
to describe the memorable events of that last day's campaigning
of the old Regiment:
"The next day — Sunday, April 9th — ^will ever mark a great epoch
in the history of our coimtry. Our march began at about eight o'clock
in the morning and was not more than five or six miles over a rough
road and much of the way through woods. On the march events
occurred which we never had witnessed in all our experience. As we
trudged along, we heard the sound of a bugle in the rear continually
growing nearer, and we found, as it approached, it was the signal for
the marching column to clear the road; and then came a large caval
cade of horsemen with that great General Ulysses S. Grant, at their
head, proceeding with his staff and guard at a very rapid pace to the
front. We all cheered— everybody yelled. We believed it a happy
and significant omen when it appeared of more importance for the
Commanding General to have the right-of-way to the front over the
man behind the gun.
"Shortly after a second bugle sounded, and again we cleared the
road, when General Meade, sick and obliged to ride in an ambulance
as he was, with his large mounted staff and guard, passed rapidly to
the front. Again, we cheered.
"Later our road cleared the woods, and at a little house on a hill
we discovered the flag of army headquarters, and we were massed in
brigade lines in the field on the opposite side of the road. Our lines
were at right angles with the road, and not more than two rods apart.
"Other troops, with artillery and cavalry, were massed in like
manner on the other side of the road, just ahead of us, and concealed
from our view by a belt of pine woods.
"As far back as we could see from the high ground on which we
stood, troops were continually arriving and being massed in like man
ner. Arms were stacked and no officer or man was allowed to leave
his company or regiment.
"It was a bright, beautiful Sabbath day; the men were in the very
best of spirits. We believed we were facing either a great and im
portant general battle, or that the end had come. You must remember
that we had not heard and knew nothing of the correspondence that
had already taken place between General Grant and General Lee.
"Every man and every Company was discussing the probabilities.
Every possible theory had its advocates; but everybody hoped it
meant the end of the war. How we did long for peace! The hours
of suspense and anxiety marched with slow and measured steps. At
last, between four and five o'clock in the aftemoon, we heard tremend
ous cheering from the troops on the other side of the pines. Each
regiment fell into line behind its guns as the best way for everybody
to discover the cause, and shortly through the woods, came General
Meade at the head of his staff, riding at a very rapid speed, and as he
reached us, he turned into the field and rode along the whole length
of our brigade Une, then back in front of the next brigade line, and so
he went back and forth, giving the news to each regiment with his own
mouth, as with bared head, his horse travelling for all his worth, that

Colojiel and Brevet Brigadier-General Isaac W. Starbird.

THE APPOMATTOX CAMPAIGN 307
sedate, dignified, ministerial looking officer, paler that day than usual
because of sickness, was crying out Uke a boy :
" 'Peace, boys, peace! Lee has surrendered! Peace, boys, peace!'
"And so he rode proclaiming the great news.
"Then such a scene as followed! Such rejoicing! Such cheering !
The sun itself was almost obscured with hats, coats, blankets, haver
sacks, tossed high in air. Everjrthing went up ; even some of the small
men on the left were tossed above our heads, cheering meanwhile.
Tongue nor pen cannot begin to describe nor imagination depict that
scene. No commissary was there, but men were drunk, drunk, from
the effervescence of their own exuberance. It was the most- contagious
sort of inebriation — ^without respect to rank or condition — all were
its victims — all were overwhelmed.
"Before taps we were talking of home and how rejoiced would be
the loved ones there when the news reached them. ' '
None of the troops of the Second or Sixth Corps got any
nearer to Appomattox Court House than New Hope or Wolf
Creek church. The Second and Sixth had united at New Store
on the preceeding day, and had marched on the same road
during the 9th, the Second Corps ahead and following closely
the (Confederate infantry. The Fifth Corps had passed to the
south of the Appomattox, near Farmville, and was foUowing
the cavalry in their successful effort to get in ahead of Lee at
Appomattox station. After the correspondence between Grant
and Lee had begun, relative to the surrender. General Hum
phreys was notified by General Grant that this correspondence
was in no way to interfere with his movements. Humphreys,
therefore, pushed ahead with vigor, crowding Longstreet's
Corps, the rear of which was not more than a hundred yards
from the leading troops of the Second Corps. One of General
Lee's staff officers, with a flag of truce, came into our lines and
urged Humphreys not to press Longstreet, as negotiations were
going on for a surrender. General Humphreys sent word that
the request could not be complied with, and that Longstreet
must get out of the way or take the consequences. About
eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and after advancing about half
a mile further, our Corps again reached the vicinity of Long-
street's command, and here the Confederates had thrown up
some intrenchments. General Humphreys formed his own
Corps at once for an attack, the Sixth Cbrps being on our right,
and just at the moment when the Union lines were about to
charge the Confederates, General Meade ordered a cessation of
hostilities.

308 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
According to the records of the War Department, the
number of officers and enlisted men of the Army of Northern
Virginia paroled on AprU 9th was 28,356. Not more than one-
third of this number had arms at the time of the surrender.
Those who had no arms must have thrown them away or
secreted them when they found that they must surrender.
The country was open to the Confederates on the west and
northwest and thickly wooded.

JOYFUL RETURN HOME 309

CHAPTER XVIII.

JOYFUL RETURN HOME.
When the news of the surrender of Lee's army reached
the Union lines, some of our troops on the left began firing a
salute in honor of the victory. General Grant, however, had
it stopped at once. Rations were issued by General Meade to
the hungry Confederate troops. The men were kept within
close limits after the surrender. The boys of the Regiment
were not permitted to look into the faces of the brave men who
had been overcome and compelled to surrender.
Of the three hundred fighting regiments, so-called, from
having lost in battle upwards of i3omen,inkiUedand mortaUy
wounded, Maine furnished thirteen regiments. Of course the
Nineteenth Maine is found in this list. Excluding the First
Maine Heavy ArtUlery, a very large regiment, having a total
enrollment of upwards of 2,200, the Nineteenth stands second
in extent of losses in that list of thirteen regiments. Its
killed and mortally wounded actually numbered 200. An
unaccountable fact in connection with the history of the
Regiment is that only three commissioned officers were killed
or mortally wounded. The men who carried rifles in this
Regiment would contend that after the beginning of 1864
no regiment from Maine had better commissioned officers than
the old Nineteenth. Some of the officers who left the service in
'62 and '63 did not remain long enough with the Regiment to
show whether they would make good officers or not. Others
were driven from the service by disease. StUl others left the
service and, by leaving, did the service more good than they
would have done by remaining.
The loss of the Sixteenth Maine in commissioned officers,
either kiUed or mortally wounded, was nine. The Sixth Maine
lost twelve and the Twentieth Maine, nine. The Thirty-first

310 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
Maine Regiment, which was organized in March and AprU '64,
lost eighteen commissioned officers during its term of service.
The greater portion of its loss occurred in the first three months
of its service. The First Maine Cavalry and the Seventh
Maine Infantry each suffered a loss of fifteen commissioned
officers, and the First Maine Heavy Artillery, twelve com
panies, in ten months lost twenty-three commissioned officers
in killed and mortally wounded.
Thc men remained resting all day on the loth, and left
their camp in the late forenoon of April nth, for the return
march. We reached New Store and encamped the night of the
1 1 th, near y on the ground we had marched over in our advance.
We left camp in the early morning of the 12th and marched to
Curdsville, crossed the Little Willis river, passing through
Farmville, and encamped for the night near Bush river. The
Corps arrived at BurkevUle Junction on April 13th, where we
encamped and rested during the remainder of the month. The
Corps went into camp in the angle formed by the Lynchburg
railroad and the railroad leading to Danville. The Third
Division camp was near the Lynchburg road; the First, near
the Danville road, while our own Division occupied the space
betv/een. The men here were quartered in shelter-tents,
generally raised from the earth on uprights. The ground on
which we were encamped was somewhat moist. Good water
v/as very scarce and many wells were dug to obtain a better
su ,j; y. A number of men from our Division were taken sick
v.hile here, resulting probably from the fatigues of the recent
hard service and the bad water they were compelled to drink.
There was entire lack of vegetables in the rations issued, and
the men did not feel so much like stealing now that Lee's
Army had surrendered.
We remained near BurkevUle Junction without picket or
guard duty, except one sentinel at Regimental headquarters, as
orderiy. After every one had turned in for the night on Satur
day, the 15th of April, a solitary horseman was heard rapidly
approaching, who turned out to be a mounted orderly with
orders. When a candle was lighted and a glance at the first
paper was had, Lieutenant-Colonel Spaulding exclaimed, "My

Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph W. Spaulding. 1

90S.

JOYFUL RETURN HOME 3 1 I
God! President Lincoln has been assassinated." Instantly the
camp was ahve, the men were upon their feet, and the cry for
revenge was heard on every side. No one could understand
just what it meant. Every man was ready for any duty.
Orders immediately came for a detail for picket and for a strong
camp guard to be established. There was little sleep that night
for any one.
The funeral of President Lincoln occurred on Wednesday,
the 19th, and on that day the Brigade was assembled and
listened to an eloquent tribute to the memory of the great
President, delivered by Colonel Stover, of the One Hundred
and Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania. The Regiment remained
here quietly in camp until the forenoon of Tuesday, May 2nd,
when the homeward march was again resumed. The night of
May 2nd found us near JetersvUle, the march having been along
the DanvUle railroad. Here was the forty-fifth mUe post from
Richmond. On May 3rd, the Corps marched through Amelia
Court House and crossed the Appomattox at Goode's Bridge.
On May 4, the Regiment tramped about twenty miles to Two-
mUe Creek, five miles from Richmond. Eariy the next morn
ing, the march was continued to Manchester and we went into
camp, within one-half mUe of Richmond, and had our first
view of that noted place. Our camp was on the high bank of
the river opposite the city. Here our Corps was joined by th.=:
Fifth, which had come through Petersburg. On May 6th, just
one year after the bloody WUderness, the Second and Fifth
Corps marched through Richmond. Nearly all day long the
line was passing through the streets in sight of Libby, where
so many of our boys had died, along by the public buildings,
through the aristocratic portion of the city, and out into the
country. Our Corps marched on the Brook road to Brook
creek, where we camped for the night, about five miles from
Richmond. Early Sunday morning, May 7th, we were off again
and marched to Yellow Tavern, where General Jeb Stuart, the
splendid Confederate cavalry leader, was m.ortally wounded
May nth, 1864. We crossed the Chickahominy at Winston's
bridge and marched through Hanover Court House to Little-
page's bridge over the Pamunkey river. This was a comfort-

312 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
able march of fifteen miles, through a beautiful country, with
plenty of good water and everybody in excellent spirits. It
was noted by every one how much easier and more agreeable
the march was north, in May, 1865, than south, in May, 1864.
The next day. May 8th, was hot and dusty, and there was much
straggling in our march of eighteen miles. This day's tramp
took us past Cbncord church, Chesterfield station and Mt.
Carmel church, to the vicinity of GolansvUle. On Tuesday,
May the 9th, we marched north on the Telegraph road, over
which Lee's Army marched south, after the battle of Spottsyl
vania, to the vicinity of Massaponax church. The Regiment
was encamped near this place on May 20th, 1 864. This day's
march of seventeen miles was in the rain. We marched. May
loth, through Fredericksburg in the afternoon, crossed the
Rappahannock, and stopped for the night on. the old camp
ground near Falmouth. It was not the camp ground on the
hill where the first winter was passed, but the later one, where
we pitched horse shoes as quoits, during the mild and balmy
spring of 1863. This day's march was about twelve mUes.
Two years' time had wrought great changes in the country.
Nature had already commenced the work of restoring and
covering up the devastations of an invading army. A young
growth of vigorous trees had begun to obliterate the evidences
of our former visit.
On Thursday, May i ith, our march was by Old Tavern to
the vicinity of Middle run. It rained all the afternoon and
nearly all night. It was a pleasant day on the march the 12th,
and we made about fourteen miles, going into camp near Wolf
Run shoals on Occoquan creek, where we drew rations and
enjoyed a good night's rest. On Saturday, May 13th, the
Regiment started early and marched thirteen miles, halting
for the night at Burke's station, some twelve miles from Wash
ington. Here the Regiment remained over Sunday, and on the
15th of May marched to Bailey's crossroads. This was our last
camping ground as a part of the Army of the Potomac.
Orders were received on May i8th to prepare muster out
rolls of the Regiment. The Regiment participated in the
grand review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington, by

JOYFUL RETURN HOME 313
the President, on Tuesday, May 26th. For the last time, the
Nineteenth appeared in Brigade dress parade, on Sunday, May
28th, and on May 30th, in a review of the Second Corps.
The Regiment was mustered out of the United States ser
vice on May 3 ist, by Captain H. Y. Russell. The veterans and
recruits were transferred to the First Maine Heavy Artillery,
which last named regiment, together with the men transferred
from ours, was mustered out of service on the nth of the
following September.
On the morningof June ist, 1865, at sunrise, the Regiment
started for home. The whole Brigade turned out in line to
give us a parting cheer and a last salutation.
A special train took us from Washington to Baltimore,
where we transferred to another train, and reached Phila
delphia at midnight. Here we found a warm supper awaiting
us at the blessed old (2ooper Shop restaurant. Soon after
partaking of the hospitality of Philadelphia, we continued on our
journey to South Amboy, where we took a steamer for New York
City, arriving there at eleven o'clock in the forenoon of June
2nd. When we reached Portland, Saturday night, June 3rd,
we found a bountiful supper awaiting us, prepared by the ladies
of that city. These tables were placed in the raUroad station
and we were waited upon by the ladies themselves. The
Regiment reached Augusta, Sunday morning, June 4th, and
found the populace in the streets to greet us on our march to
camp. From Portland to Augusta at nearly every station men
left the train, to visit home or relatives, with instructions to
report at Augusta in two days. On the afternoon of June 4th,
the Regiment had its last dress parade, in the presence of the
Gov>. "'^ other officials and a large gathering of people. At
the request of Governor Cony, the members of the Regiment
visited the State House, on June 5th, where the men were ad
dressed by the Governor, who took each one by the hand, as they
passed him in single file. Public officials and private citizens,
indeed everybody, sought to make the home-coming of the
Regiment a joyful event.

314 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
The Regimental colors delivered to the Adjutant-General
of Maine were the original colors of the Regiment. The Na
tional flag was carried in every engagement in which the Regi
ment participated.
In pursuance with General Orders No. 10, dated March
7th, 1865, issued by General Meade, the Regiment was author
ized, as already stated, to inscribe upon its colors the foUowing
names of battles in which it bore a conspicuous part, viz:
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station,
Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, North Anna, Totopotomoy,
Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains,
Reams' Station and Boydton Road. The battle of Petersburg
included the Jerusalem Plank Road. There was no reason
why Morton's Ford should not have been included in this list.
Subsequent to March 7th, 1865, the date of Meade's order,
the Regiment was engaged at Hatcher's Run, Crow House
and High Bridge and was present at Appomattox.
The Nineteenth Maine Regiment was paid off by Major
Robie on Wednesday June the 7th, 1865, and broke ranks for
ever. May Heaven's choicest blessing rest upon the survivors
of the dear old Regiment and the families of those who have
passed over the river into the encampment upon the other side!

Roster

ROSTER

3'7

Roster of the Nineteenth Regiment
of Maine Volunteers.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Absent

abs.

Appointed

apptd.
ArtiUery
arty.
Battery
batt.
Captain
capt.
Company
.CO.
Conscript
cons.
Corporal
Corp.
Deserter )
des.
Deserted f
Detached
Detailed
det.
Discharged for disabUity
disc.
Discharged for cause other than
disability
disch.
Expiration .
exp.
First Me. Heavy
ArtiUery .
1st H. A.
Hospital
hosp.
Lieutenant
lieut.
Missing
missg .
Musician
mus.
Mustered out of service
m. o.
Promoted
pr.
Principal
prin.
Prisoner
pns.
Private
priv.
Reduced to ranks
red.
Reported
reptd.
Regimental
regtl.
Sergeant
sergt.
Service
serv.
Substitute .
sub
Transferred
tr
United States Colored
Troops
U. S. C. T.
Veteran
vet
Veteran Reserve Corps .
V. R. C
Wounded
. , wd
Wounds.
wds
LIST OF BATTLES IN WHICH THE REGIMENT
ENGAGED.
WAS
Fredericksburg^  Dec. 12-15, '62
Chancellorsville  May 1- 4, '63
Thoroughfare Gap or Haymarket, Va   June 25, '63
Gettysburg  July 1-3, '63
Bristoe Station  Oct. 14, '63
Mine Run  Nov. 27-30, '63
Morton's Ford    Feb. 6, '64
Wilderness  May S-7, '64
Spottsylvania, (including Po River)   ...May 8-18, '64
North Anna     May 22-26, '64
Totopotomoy  May 28 — June 1, '64
Cold Harbor  June 3-12, '64
Petersburg  June 16-18, '64
Jerusalem Plank Road  June 22, '64
Deep Bottom.  July 25-28, '64
Strawberry Plains  _  Aug. 14-18, '64
Reams' Station  Aug. 25, '64
Boydton Road  Oct. 27, '64
Hatcher's Run  _  Feb. S-6, '6S
Crow House  March. 31 — Apr. 2, '65
High Bridge  —  —  „  _  „Apr. 7, '65
318

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

COLONELS
Date o? Com. Name Residence Rbuarks
Aug. 25, '62..., Frederic D. Sewell  Bath  Resigned, Feb. 19, '65.
Mch. 2, '63  Francis E. Heath  Waterville  Wd. Gettysburg, resigned, Nov. 4, '63.
Dec, 1, ... .Selden Connor  Fairfield.  Wd. Wilderness, promoted brig. gen. July 1, '64
m. o., Apr. 7, '66.
Aug. 16, '64. . . .Tames W. Welch  Augusta  Wd. Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, resigned
Oct. 21, '64.
Nov. 11  Isaac W. Starbird  Litchfield  Wd. Gettysburg and High Bridge, discharged
June 7. '65.
LIEUTENANT-COLONELS
Jialy 17, '62. . . .Francis E. Heath  Waterville  Promoted Colonel.
Mch. 2, '63. . . .Henry W. Cunningham Belfast  Resigned June 11, '64.
Nov. 3,'64. . . .Isaac W. Starbird  Litchfield  Promoted colonel. . .
Nov. 11  Joseph W. Spaulding . Richmond  Mustered out May 31, '65.
MAJORS
Aug. 25, '62. . . .Henry W. Cunningham Belfast  Promoted lieutenant-colonel.
Mch. 2, '63. . . .James W. Welch  Augusta  Promoted colonel.
Aug. 16, '64. . . .Isaac W. Starbird  Litchfield  Promoted lieutenant-colonel.
Nov. 3  Joseph W. Spaulding ..Richmond  Promoted lieutenant-colonel.
Nov. 11  David E. Parsons  Norridgewock. . . .Wd. Wilderness, mustered out May 31, '65.
ADJUTANTS
July 21, '62  Frank W. Haskell  Waterville  Discharged Feb. 6, '64.
Aug. 16, '64  Henry Sewall  Augusta  Mustered out May 31, '65.
QUARTERMASTERS
July 15. '62  James W. Wakefield . .Bath  Resigned Nov. 13, '63.
Mch. 9, '64. . . .Albert Hunter  Clinton  Mustered out May 31, '65.
SURGEONS
Aug. 6,'62. , . .Adoniram J. Billings . . .Freedom  .Resigned Jan. 11, '64.
Feb. 3, '64  Hawes, John Q. A  Hallowell  Resigned Nov. 2, '64.
Nov. 11,  William H. Randall . .Dixfield  Mustered out May 31, '65.
ASSISTANT SURGEONS
July 26, '62  Henry C. Levansaler . .Thomaston  Discharged Aug. 17, '63.
Sept. 2  John Q. A. Hawes . . . .Hallowell  Resigned June 22, '63.
July 17, '63  Wallace Bolan  New Sharon  Resigned Mar. 22, '64.
Aug. 20  Fred G. Parker  Stetson  Discharged Mar. 5, '64.
Apr. 7 ,'64 ... . William H. Randall . . . Dixfield  Promoted surgeon.
Apr. 9,' ... .Benjamin F. Sturgis . . .N. Gloucester. . . .Resigned Oct. 22, '64.
Nov. 8  Benjamin Bussey, Jr. . .Houlton  Mustered out May 31, '65.
CHAPLAINS
Aug. 16, '62. . . .Eliphalet Whittlesey . . Brunswick  Promoted captain and A. A. G.
Oct. 1,  Edwin B. Palmer  Belfast  Resigned Feb. 16, '63.
June 13, '63  George W. Hathaway .Skowhegan  Mustered out May 31, '65.
NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF
SERGEANT-MAJORS
Date of Rank Name Residence Remarks
Aug 16,'62. . . .William P. Joy  Waterville  Tr. Co. A. as priv. disc. Feo. 6, '64.
Feo. 16, '63  George A. Wadsworth .Bath  Wd, Gettysburg, pr. 2nd It. Co. E, Aug. 15, '63.
Dec. 6, '63. . . .Andrew D. Black  Stockton  App't q. m. sergt.
Mch. 22, '64  William A. Wood  Bowdoinham  Pris. North Anna.
QUARTER-MASTER SERGEANTS
July 25, '62  Benjamin B. Hanson . .Pittston  Pr. 2d lieut. Co. K. Dec. 13, '62.
Dec. 19, '62  George H. Page  Warren  Pr. 2d lieut. Co. E. Oct. 19, '63.
Oct. 27, '63  George J. Eaton  Bath  Died Mar. 27, '64.
Mch. 30, '64. . . .Andrew D. Black  Stockton  Disch. with regiment.
COMMISSARY SERGEANTS
July 22, '62  Thomas D. Wakefield . Bath  Red. to ranks Co. K disc. Jan. 18, '63.
July 15, '63  John C, Knowlton  Montville  Disc. Mar. 20, '65.
Jan. IS, '64  Daniel Carley  Prospect  Tr. from 4th Me. disch. July 1. '64.
July 1 ,'64  Joseph W. Winter  Bath  Disch. with regiment.
HOSPITAL STEWARDS
Aug. 11, '62  Delon H. Abbott  Orono  Disch. for promotion July 16, '63. i
Aug. 24, '63.... Charles H. Dodge  Freedom  Disch. with regiment.

ROSTER

3'9

Date op Rank
Dec. 1,'63....
Feb. 12, '64....
June 15,'64....
Nov. 2, '62....
July 25.'62....
Date of Com.
Aug. 25.'62....
Nov. 21, 
Jan. 4,'65....
Aug. 23.'62....
Nov. 1, ....
June 23, '63 
Nov. 28.'64....
Aug. 1,'62....
Aug. 25,"
Dec. 18, '63....

PRI.NCIPAL MUSICIANS
Name Residence Remarks
J. Loyalist Brown  Bowdoinham  Pr. from Co. A.
Lauriston Chamberlain Bowdoinham  Pr. from Co. F.
Fred J. Low  Winterport  Tr. from 4th Me. disch. July 1, 64.
DRUM MAJOR
Daniel R. Maddox  Belfast  Disch. Nov. 28, '62 by order 126.
FIFE MAJOR
Carter W. Payson  Camden  Disch. Nov. 28, '62 by order 126.
CAPTAINS
Name Residence Co. Remarks
James W. Hathaway . .Mercer  A . .Resigned Nov. 5, '62.
Joseph W. Spaulding . . Richmond  A

John A. Lord  Belfast  A
Lindley B. Coleman . . .Lincolnville. . . .B
Horace C. Noyes  Belfast  B
David E. Parsons  Norridgewock. . B
Calvin B. Hinckley  Norridgewock. . B
Charles H. Rowell  Fairfield  C.
George L. Whitmore. . . Bowdoinham. . .C.

. . Pibmoted major.
. .Mustered out May 31, '65.
..Died Oct. 18, '62.
. .Resigned Feb. 20, '63.
. . Promoted major.
, .Mustered out May 31, '65.
..Resigned Oct. 12, '62.
.Resigned Nov. 7, '63.

Jan.Aug.
Aug. Aug.Feb. Oct.
Aug.
Oct. Aug.
Apr. Oct.Aug. Dec.Aug. Mch.Oct. Aug. Mch.Nov.

4,'65..
25. '62..
16, '64..
25,'62.. 11, '63..
19, .,
25, '62..
22,'64. .
25, '62..
10, '63..
4, '64..
25,'62.. 1, ..
25,' .
2,'63.
19, .
25,'62. 2, '63.
11, '64.

Charles E. Nash  Hallowell  C. . .Wd. Gettysburg and Reams' Station, dis
charged Nov. 28, '64.

.Thomas P. Beath  Boothbay
.WUliam H. Fogler  Belfast. . .
. Elbridge C. Pierce  Belfast. . .
. Daniel L. Dickey  Stockton .
.Asbury C. Richards . . . Pittston. .
. Nehemiah Smart  Swanville  E
.Isaac W. Starbird  Litchfield  F

C. . .Mustered out May 31, '65.
D . .Wd. Totopotomoy, discharged Nov. 2, *64.
D . .Wd. Wilderness, m. o. May 31, '65.
E . .Resigned Jan. 1, '63.
E . .Discharged Sept. 18, '63.
.Wd. Spottsylvania, mustered out May 3i,'6S.
Promoted major.

.Ansel L. White  Belfast  F . .Mustered out May 31, '65.
.James W. Welch  Augusta  G . .Promoted major.
.Everett M. Whitehouse China  G . .Wd. Wilderness, term expired Oct. 14,
.Addison W. Lewis  Waterville  G . .Discharged June 9, '65
ioseph Eaton Jr  Winslow  H
dillard Lincoln  China  H

'6*.

. .Edward A. Snow  Rockland. .
, .Geo. D. Smith  Rockland. .
. .Edgar A. Burpee  Rockland. .
. .Charles S. Larrabee . . . Bath 
. . Dumont Bunker  Fairfield . . .
. .Oliver R. Small  Gardiner . .

.Resigned Oct. 31, '62.
.Wd. Gettysburg, discharged June 10, '65.
.1 . .Resigned Feb. 23, '63.
.1 . .Killed Gettysburg July 2, '63.
.1 . .Pris. Petersburg, discharged May IS, '65.
.K . .Resigned Mch. 3, '63.
.K . .Discharged Oct. 26, '64.
.K . .Mustered out May 31, '65.

Aug. 25, '62.
Nov. 21. .
July 12, '64.
Aug. 11, .
Feb. 1,'65.
Aug. 25. '62.
Nov. 21, .
Mch. 2, '63.
Jan. 22, '64.
Oct. 22, .
Nov. 28, .
Aug. 25, '62.
Nov. 1, .
Aug. 25, .
Mch. 2. '63.
Jan. 4, '64.

FIRST LIEUTENANTS

Nov.
Aug. Nov.July Oct.
Jan.
Aug. Oct.Mch.
Oct.JulyOct.Aug.Oct.
Jan.Aug.

28, ..
25.'62.. 21, ..
11,'64..
22, ..
4,'65..
25, '62..
15, ..
2, '63..
19, ..
12, '64..
*, .
25, '62.
4, .
22, '64..
25,'62..

. . Joseph W. Spaulding . . Richmond  A
. .David E. Paisons  Noiridgewock. .A .
. .Henry SewaU  Augusta  A .
. . Josiah W. Tucker  Merce*-  A .
. .George Studley  Camden  A .
. .William Clements  Monroe  B .
. .Jason Gordon  Thorndike  B .
. .Elisha W. Ellis  Monroe  B .
. .Ansel L. White . . . ¦  Belfast  B .
. .Calvin B. Hinckley  Norridgewock. . B .
. .Alfred E. Nickerson . . .Swanville  B .
. .Joseph H. Hunt  Unity  C
. . Francis M. Ames  Fairfield  C .
. .Joseph Nichols  Phipsburg  C .
. .Albion Whitten  Troy  C .
. .William H. Emery  Fairfield  C ,
. .James H. Pierce  Prospect  C
. .Horace C. Noyes  Belfast  D
. .Edw'd R. Cunningham Belfast  D
..Elbridge C. Pierce  Belfast  D
..John A. Lord  Belfast  D
. .Charles Bennett  Bridgton  D
. .James Johnson  Searsport  E
. .John L. Tapley  Frankfort  E .
,. Nehemiah Smart  Swanville  E .
. .George A. Wadsworth Bath  E
..Oliver R. Small  Gardiner  E
. . . Edward B. Sargent  Boothbay  E
, . .George L. Whitmore . Bowdoinham . . F.
,. .Charles E. Nash  Hallowell  P.
. .Edwin H. Rich  Thorndike  F.
. .Everett M. Whitehouse China  G ,

.Piomoted captain Co. A.
. Promoted captain Co. B.
.Wd. Gettysburg, promoted adjutant.
.Resigned Dec. 28, '64.
.Mustered out May 31, '65.
.Resigned Oct. 17, '62.
.Resigned Feb. 17, '63.
.Wd. Gettysburg, resigned Dec. 12, '63.
. Promoted captain Co. F.
. Promoted captain Co. B.
.Mustered out May 31, '65.
. Resigned Oct. 21, '62.
.Resigned Nov. 18, '62.
.Cashiered Feb. 16, '63.
.Resigned Nov. 17, '63.
. Wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, discharged.
Oct. 13, '64.
. .Wd. Gettysburg, mustered out May 31, '65.
, .Promoted captain Co. B.
.Wd. Gettysburg, discharged June 15, '64.
, .Promoted captain Co. D.
. .Promoted captain Co. A.
. .Mustered out May 31, '65.
.Resigned Oct. 2, '62.
.Resigned Feb. 14, '63.
.Promoted captain Co. E.
.Discharged Apr. 27, '64.
.Promoted captain Co. K.
. .Discharged June 9, '65.
. . Promoted captain Co. C. i
. . Promoted captain Co. C.
, . Wd. Gettysburg, mustered out May 3 1 , '65
. Promoted captain Co. G.

320

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Dat

E OF Com.

Apr.

10,

'63...

Oct.

22,

,'64...

Aug.

25,

,'62...

Dec.

1,

July

18,

,'64...

Aug.

25,

,'62...

Mch.

, 2,

,'63...

Mch,

. 10,

Oct.

19

Oct.

22

,'64...

Aug.

25

,'62...

Dec.

1.1,

Mch,

2,

,'63...

une

1 22

,'64...

Jan.

4,

,'65...

Aug.

25,

¦62...

Dec.

1,

Mch.
16.
¦64...
Oct.
22,
Feb.
1,
¦65...
Aug.
25,
¦62...
Dec.
i:<,
Jan.
22,
'64...
Oct.
22,
Nov.
28,
Aug.
25,
'62...
Nov.
1,
Dec.
31,
Mch.
2,
¦63...
Dec.
18.
Jan.
4,
'64...
Aug.
25,
'62...
Nov.
21,
lan.
22,
'64...
,lulv
12,
Oct.
4,
Jan.
4,
'65...
Aug.
25,
¦62...
Dec.
i:<.
Aug.
IS,
¦63...
Oct.
19,
'63...
Aug.
2S,'
'62...
JulyJan.
23,
22,
¦64...
lulv
11,
Oct.
¦n.
Aug.
25,
¦62...
Feb.
S,'
'63...
June
13,
lulv
26,
¦64...
Aug.
2S,
'62...
Dec.
13,
Dec.
18,'
'63....
lulv
11,'
64....
Oct.
22,
Aug.
2S,'
62....
Mch.
2.'
63....
Mch.
10,
Oct.
19,
Feb.
2.'
64....
July
11,
July
18,'
62....
July
28,
Dec.
13,
Mch.
2,'
63....
Mch.
2,
Feb,
2,'
64....
June
22,
Aug.
8,
Jan.
4,'
65....
Name Residence
. Loring Farr  Manchester ,
.George P. Wood  Penobscott .
.Willard Lincoln  China 
.Albert Hunter  CUnton 
. Charles P. Garland  Winslow 
.Gershom F. Burgess . . .Camden. . . .
.George D. Smith  Rockland. . .
Edgar A. Burpee  Rockland. . .
.George R. Palmer  Camden. . . .
.William B. Sawyer  Searsport. . .
. Joseph Nichols  Phipsburg. .
. Diamont Bunker  Fairfield . . . .
. Richard Crockett  Brunswick. .
.Thomas P. Beath  Boothbay. . .
. Beniah P. Dolloff  Boothbay. . .
Co. Remarks
..G ..Wd. North Anna, disc. Sept. IS, '64.
. .G . .Mustered out May 31, '65.
. .H . .Promoted captain Co. H,
. .H . .Wd. Gettysburg, promoted Quartermaster.
. .H . .Wd. Gettysburg and High Bridge, mustered.
out May 31. '65.
, . .1 . .Resigned Feb. 10, '63.
. .1 . .Promoted captain Co. I.
. . I . . Promoted captain Co. I.
, . . I . . Wd. Spottsylvania, discharged Aug. 9, *64.
. . .1 . .Mustered out May 31, '65.
. . K . .Transferred to Co. C.
. .K . . Promoted captain Co. K.
. .K . .Discharged Apr. 26, '64.
. . K . . Promoted captain Co. C.
, . .K . .Mustered out May 31, '65.
SECOND LIEUTENANTS
.David E. Parsons  Norridgewock. .A
. Alvirus Osborne  Smithfield  A
.Josiah W. Tucker '. . . . .Mercer  A
.George Studley  Camden  A
.Columbus S. Anderson Richmond  A
. Levi RacklifEe  Lincolnville . . . . B
.Leroy S. Scott  Belfast  B
. Calvin B. Hinckley .... Norridgewock. . B
. Alfred E. Nickerson . . . Swanville  B
.Clarendon W. Gray  Stockton  B
. Francis M. Ames  Fairfield  C .
.Almon Goodwin  Baldwin  C.
.Albion Whitten  Troy  C.
.Francis H. Foss  Fairfield  C.
.William H. Emery  Fairfield  C.
.Henry W. Nye  Fairfield  C.
Y3
.Edw'd R. Cunningham Belfast  D
Ansel L. White  Belfast.
. Elbridge C. Pierce  Belfast 
. John A. Lord  Belfast 
.Charles Bennett  Bridgton 
. FrankUn Adams  Bowdoinham .
; John L. Tapley  Frankfort 
. Nehemiah Smart  Swanville. . . .
.George A. Wadsworth . Bath 
.George H. Page  Warren 
. Charles E. Nash  Hallowell 
. Edwin H. Rich  Thorndike. . .
. OUver R. Small  Gardiner 
.William B. Sawyer . . . .Searsport. ...
, Joseph Babson  Brooklyn 
.George C. Hopkins . . . .Mt. Vernon. . ,
. Loring Farr  Manchester . . ,
.Henry Sewall  Augusta 
.George A, Barton  Augusta 
Albert Hunter  Clinton.
Stephen R. Gordon . . .Clinton.
D
DD
..D ..D
..E
. .E
..E .E
.F..F
.F .F.
.F..G ,
.G ,
.G .
.G ,
.H, H
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. A.
. .Discharged March 4. '64.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. A.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. A.
. .Discharged Mar. 17, '65.
. .Resigned Oct. 29, '62.
. .Mortally wd. Gettysburg, died July 13,
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. B.
. .Promoted 1st lieut., Co. B.
. .Discharged June 9, '65.
. . Promoted 1st lieut. Co. C.
..Resigned Dec. 17, '62.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. C.
. . Wd. Gettysburg, resigned Oct. 27, '63.
. . Promoted 1st Ueut. Co. C.
. . Wd. Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, discharg
ed Feb. 23, '65.
. .Promoted 1st lieut, Co.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co.
. . Promoted 1st lieut. Co.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co.
. .Mustered out May 31,
, D.
, B.
, D.
, D.
D.
'65.
¦ Charles P. Garland . . . .Winslow  H .
, George P. Wood  Penobscot  H .
, William H. Tripp  Sedgwick  H .
George D. Smith  Rockland  I .
Edgar A. Burpee  Rockland  I .
George R. Palmer  Camden  I .
Joseph L. Clark  Rockland  I .
Lafayette Carver  Vinalhaven  I ,
Thomas B. Campbell .Thomaston ... .1 .
Charles S. Larrabee . . .Bath  K .
Dumont Bunker  Fairfield  K ,
Benjamin B. Hanson . .Pittston  K .
Richard Crockett  Brunswick  K .
Samuel E. Bucknam . . Eastport  K .
James N. Hinkley  Georgetown  K .
George E. Grows  Brunswick  K .
Beniah P. DollofE  Boothbay  K . .
WilUam L. Gerrish  Portland  K .
Promoted 1st lieut Co. E
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. E.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. E.
. .Mustered out May 31, '65.
. . Promoted 1st lieut. Co. F.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. F.
, .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. B.
. .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. I.
..Mustered out May 31, '65.
.Resigned Jan. 27, '63
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. G.
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. A.
.Wd. Wilderness, m. o. May 31, *65.
.Promoted 1st lieut Co. H.
.Resigned Nov. 5, '63.
. Promoted 1st lieut. Co. H.
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. G.
.Mustered out May 31, '65.
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. I.
. Promoted Ist lieut. Co. I.
, .Promoted 1st lieut. Co. I.
.Resigned Nov. 30, '63.
..MortaUy wd. Jerusalem Plank Road,
June 22, '64.
.Discharged Nov. 22, '64.
, . Promoted captain Co. K.
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. K.
. Resigned Jan. 23, '63.
.Promoted 1st lieut. Co. K.
. Wd. Gettysburg, discharged Apr. 1, '64,
.Died of wds. Feb. 18, '64.
.Died of wds. July 7/64.
Promoted 1st lieut. Co, K.
.Died Feb. 11/65.
died
ROSTER

321

Company A.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.
SERGEANTS
Name Agb Residence Mustf,red into Remarks
U. S. Service
Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62 . .Pr. 2d. lieut. Co. A.
25, '62
25, '62
25, '62
25, '62

Alvirus Osborne 
Josiah W. Tucker . .
Thomas M. Heald. .
Charles H. Colburn.
William R. Cary. . . .

.33.
.35. .23. .33..30.

Mercer  Aug.
Norridgewock. . .Aug.
Richmond  Aug.
Norridgewock. . .Aug.

Pr. 2d and 1st lieut. Co. A.
Pr. 1st sergt. killed, Boydton Road.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. June 15, '64.
Disc. Oct. 31, '62.

John F. Chadboiim  24
Leonard H. Washburn. 35
Asa Andrews, Jr  41 .
Payson T. Heald 
William Frederic, Jr.
Gardiner W. Bigelow . .26
Humphrey P. Ridley. . . 34

Ezekiel K. Morse.
J. Loyalist Brown. .
Jeremiah Hartford .

Madison  Aug,
Norridgewock. . .Aug.
Moscow  Aug.
.20. .Norridgewock. . .Aug.
.34. .Mercer  Aug.
Smithfield  Aug,
Richmond  Aug,

CORPORALS

22. .Starks  Aug.

25, '62
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 ,
25, '62 .
25, '62 .

..28, ..44

.Bowdoinham. . Norridgewock

Samuel D. Jordan  32 . .Richmond

Anderson, Columbus. ..21.
Anderson, Joseph W. . .25.
Baker, Abner  33 .

Beedle, Wilbur F  19 .
Bigelow, Charles H  18 .
Buker, John C  27.
Buker, William F  19 .

Bumpus, Alson B..
Butler, Edward K.

. .31,
.18.

Chapman, Leander G. . 19 .

Charles, Arthur E.

.18

.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62
.Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62
.The Forks  Aug. 25, ^62
.Norridgewock. . .Aug. 25, '62
Starks  Aug. 25, '62
.Rome  Aug. 25, '62

Charles, Benjamin F. . . 19 . .Rome  Aug. 25, ^62

Chase, Roger  18
Church, John P  22
Collins, Charles W  19
Collins, Elliott F  18
Copeland, Edward W. 32 ,
Dawes, John D  28,

Downs, John L 
Dresser, Emerson . . .
Eastman, Franklin. .
Fish, Osborne W. . . .
Foss, Kingman.

,19
.32,
..43 .35
.19

Foss, William H  19

Gage, Hiram W. .
Gage S. Nelson ....
Gaubert, Thomas J.
George, John R 

Groves, Robert W  33.
Groves, Charles H  22 .
Heald, Perham  18 .

.19. .18
.i9.

Huff, Tilly.
Huntington, Uriah . . .

Jones, Amos R 
Jordan, Elias T 
Kennison, Andrew.

.18..35.
.38.
.33.

KimbaU, John B..
Kimball, Alvin  37,
Lancaster, Henry H. . . 22 .
Lancaster, John P  24.

Disc. March 19, '63.
,Pr. 1st sergt. killed, Spottsylvania.
.Pr. sergt. wd. Wilderness, abs. at m. o.
.Wd. Gettysburg, died of wds. Aug. 5, '63.
.Red. tr. V. R. C. June 3, '63.
.Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. March 16 '64.
.Pr. sergt. disc. July 14, '65.
.Died, Oct. 4, '62, Washinton, D. C.
MUSICIANS
.Aug. 25, '62 . .Pro. prin. mus., Dec. 1, '63, m. u.
.Aug. 25, '62 . .Disc. Feb. 8, ^63.
WAGONER
.Aug. 25. '62 . .Det. in brigade train, m. u.
PRIVATES
Richmond  Aug. 25, '62 . .Pr. 2d lieut.. Co. A.
Richmond  Aug. 25, '62 . .Wd. Petersburg, tr. V. R. C.
Mercer  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, died of Jwds.
Aug. 6, '63.
.Disc. Jan. 28, '63.
. .Wd. Spottsylvania and Boydton Road, m. o.
.Pr. Corp. disc. May 31, '65. -^
.Wd. Gettysburg, pr,, corp. and sergt., m. o.
.M. o.
.M. o.
.Disc. March 26, '63.
. .Died Feb 9, '65 of wds. rec'd. at Hatcher's
Run.
.Wd. Gettysburg, pris., Jerusalem Plank
Road, paroled, disch June 12, '65.
.M. o.
. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy Apr. 23, '64.
.Killed, Gettysburg, July 2, '63.
.In hosp. at m. o.
.Died, Dec. 21, '62.
.M. o.
.Pr. Corp. wd. Wilderness, m. o.
.Det. serv. disch. June 12, '65.
.Wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
.Tr. V. R. C. March 10, '64.
.Pr. corp. killed. Wilderness.
.Died of measles Jan. 21, '63.
.Pr. sergt. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr V
R. C.
.Disc. Sept. 1, '63.
.Det in ambulance corps, m. o.
.Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. June 12..
'65
.Wd. Spottsylvania, disc. July 21, '64.
.Wd. Spottsylvania and Oct. 11, '64, m. o.
. Pr. Corp. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch
June 12, '65.
.Pris. Reams' Station, disch. June 12, '65.
.Died at Washington, D. C. Jan. 31, '63.
.Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch
June 12, '65.
. Pr. Corp. wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
.Pr. corp.tr, V. R. C. Dec. 15, '63. -,
.Wd. Gettysburg, leg amputated , disc.
Oct. 13, '63.
.Died Nov. 16, '62.
.Disc. Feb. 5, '63.
.Died Feb. 19, '63.
.Wd. Wilderness, m. o.

.Madison  Aug. 25, '62
.Gardiner  Aug. 25, '62
.Starks  Aug. 25, '62
.Starks  Aug. 25, '62
. Smithfield  Aug.
. Madison  Aug.
. Mercer  Aug.
.Madison  Aug.
. Gardiner  Aug.
.Madison  Aug.
. Moscow  Aug.
Rome  Aug,

25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62
25, '62 .
25, '62 .
25, '62 .

.18. .Norridgewock. . .Aug. 25, '62 ,

.Madison  Aug. 25, '62
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62
.New Sharon  Aug. 25, '62

.Smithfield .. .
. Norridgewock
.Norridgewock

.Aug. • Aug.
.Aug.

25, '62 ,
25, "62 .
25, '62 .

.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62 .

Ingalls, Joseph F  18. .Mercer  Aug. 25, '62

.Madison  Aug. 25, '62
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62
.Norridgewock. ..Aug. 25, '62

.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62
Mercer  Aug. 25, '62
Stetson  Aug. 25, '62
Richmond  .^ug. 25, '62

322

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name

Age

Leavitt, Henry  26 ,
Leavitt, Samuel  23
Leeman, Eben  20
Leeman, Seth H  24,
Mathews, Marcellus S.. 18
Maxim, Philander C. . .26
Meader, John W  18
Merrill, John, Jr  21
Moore, Lorenzo  43
Moshier, Charles R. . . .35
Murphy, William B.. . .23
Newell, Arthur  18
Nottage, William H.. . .38
Patterson, Jos. R. Jr.. . 18
Perkins, Marcellus S. . . 18
Powers, Isaac  38
Ridley, George R  28
Riggs, Isaac A  27
Rowe, Charles M  28,
Rowe, Sherburne N.. . .26,
Rowe, Isaiah H  22.
Sawtelle, Levander. . . .23.
Small, Richard  40,
Smith, Edward H  21 .
Taylor, Alfred  19.
Taylor, Seth E  29,
Tibbetts, Isaac W  21 ,
Tibbetts, Charles H.. . .21 .
Trott, William F  18.
Turner, Stephen W. ... 36 .
Varney, Hiram W  36 .
Varney, Edwin K  18 .
Vigue, Louis  40 .
Washburn, Daniel M.. .24.
Weavef, George M  24.
Webster, John R  23.
Wells, Obed W  21.
Wells, Bradford I!  20.
Williams, David  24 .
Young, Abel L  44 .

Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62 . . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Anderson
ville Nov. 1, '64.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62 . .Wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, m. u.
.Starks  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Jan. 13, '63.
.Starks  Aug. 25, '62. Tr. V. R. C. Aug. 1, '63.
.Madison  Aug. 25, '62 . .Died typhoid fever Jan. 10, ^63.
.Moscow  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, measles, Jan. 6, ^63.
.Mercer  Aug. 25,^62. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. June 12, '65.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corn, killed, Wilderness May 6, '64.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. Feb. 6, '63.
.Rome  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Des. Falmouth, Va., June 10, '63, tr. 1st H. A.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, killed, Wilderness.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Feb. 5, '63.
.Starks  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. June 12, '65.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. .Died disease of lungs Jan. 3, '63.
.Madison  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. May 5, '63.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in ambulance corps, m. u.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62. .Died Nov. 25, '62.
.Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Killed Wilderness.
.Smithfield  Aug. 2S,'62. .Pr. corp. m. o.
.Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Died Dec. 18, '62.
.Starks  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. North Anna, pr. sergt. m. o.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. .Sick in hosp. since Dec. 24, '63.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Wilderness May 6, '64, pr. Corp. m. o.
.Norridgewock, .Aug. 2S,'62..M. o.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 25, '62. .Died Nov. 20, '62 on way to Washington, D. C.
.Mercer  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Wd. Petersburg June 19, ^64, m. o.
.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Petersburg June 16, '64, m. o.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Corp. m. o.
.Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. July 19, '63.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 25, '62. .Absent sick at m. o.
.Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Died Jan. 7, '63 Alexandria, Va.
.Carratunk  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
.Madison  Aug. 25, '62. . Died, Frederick City, Oct. 17, '62.
.Starks  Aug. 25,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. Nov. 15, '63.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 2 5, '62. .Pro. a. q. m. of vols. disc. May 26, '63.
.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. Feb. 28, '63.
.Mercer  Aug. 25, '62. .Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. June 12, '65.
.Perkins  Aug. 25, '62. .Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, m. o.
.Smithfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. May 26, '63.

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINEDjCOMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION

Anderson, Martin V. ... 1 9 .
Armstrong, John L. . . .27.
Bagley, Alexander  30.
Bean, Danville  26 .
Bean, Jeremiah  44 .
Blake, William  22.
Burns, Benjamin  28 .
Carroll, James  28.
Cotter, William  21.
Curtis, JohnG  44.

Pleasant Ridge Jan.
Winthrop  Aug.
Harmony  Aug.
Pleasant Ridge Dec.
Pleasant Ridge Dec.
Portland.  Aug.
Embden  Aug.
Portland  Sept.
Portland  July
Lewiston  Aug.

4, '64
3, '63
14, '63
5, '63
24, '63
10,^63 14,^63
24,^6327, '63
7,^63

Day, Charles E 

.21

Donahue, John 

.28

Fairbrother, Henry H

.22

Foley, Lawrence J 

.33

Frost, Nathan P 

.29

Gill. John H 
Hartford, William 

.27

.38

Henderson, Joseph B.
Hussey, George H. . . .

.18

.26

Hurley, Thomas J. . . .

.21

Joy, William P 

.21

Kimball, Frank A. . . .

.21

Morrill, Stephen D,. , .

.28

Nicholas, James 

,37

Nobles, Robert 

.33

.Monmouth  July 15, '63.
-Skowhegan  Sept. 24, '63.
.Palmyra  Aug. 15, '63.
.Pembroke  Sept. 1,'63
.Searsmont  Aug. 6, '63,
.Chesterville. . . .Aug. 13, '63
.Rome  Aug. 13, '63,
 Dec. 23/63,
.Vassalboro  July 16, '63.
. Portland  Sept. 24, '63.
.Ellsworth  Aug. 25, '62.
.Mercer  July 21, '63
.Baring  Aug. 9, '63.
.Vassalboro  July 16/63.
.Hermon  Aug. 13, '63.

.Tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, abs, at m. o.
.Wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
.Disc. Apr. 28, '64.
.Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. pris. Wilderness, tr, 1st H. A.
. Cons, killed Wilderness.
.Cons. wd. Totopotomoy, tr. 1st H. A,
.Cons. wd. Bristoe Station, died Oct., '64.
Annapolis, Md.
. Cons. pris. Boydton Road, died Libby Prison
Dec. 19. '64.
.Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. V. R. C.
.Cons. pris. Wilderness, reptd. died at. Anderson
ville Sept. 28, '64.
.Cons, disch. June 12, '65.
.Killed Wilderness.
, .Tr. to CO. G.
. Cons. tr. 1st H. A., absent at m. o.
.Died Feb. 16, '64.
. Cons, killed Spottsylvania.
.Cons. wd. Spottsylvania. tr. 1st H. A.
. Tr. from non-com. staff, on det. serv. disch.
Feb. 6, '65.
.Cons. det. in regimental hosp. tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. wd. SpottsylvaRia, tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. disc. Dec. 26, '63.

ROSTER

323

Name
Overlock, Joseph A. . .
Palmer, Benjamin, Jr.
Phillips, William 
Pickering, Thomas . . .
Quimby, Alonzo H.. . .
Shaw, Benjamin F. . . .
Stevens, George E. . . .
Sumner, Robert 
Smith, WUliam H 
Tallman, Charles G. . .
Whalen, Edwin 
Willey, Loring W 
Williams, Albert S... .

Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
Hermon  Aug. 13, ^63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
New Portland. .Aug. 4,^63. .Cons, died Jan. 12, '64.
Solon  Aug. 14, '63.. Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
Portland  Sept. 24, '63. .Cons. disc. Feb. 28, '64.
Portland  Sept. 10, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disch. May 12, '65.
Eastport  Aug. 9, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st H. A.
4, ¦63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania tr. 1st H. A.
11, ¦63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st H. A.
3,^64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
19,^64. .Tr. to navy.
8,^63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A. absent sick at m. u.
Cherryfield  Sept. 17, ^63. .Cons, killed, Spottsylvania.
Bowdoinham . .Dec. 23,'63. .Tr. 1st H. A.

32.20.34.21. .
25.28.20.21.
,28.,22. 42.
,32.,18.

Portland  Sept.
Portland  Aug.
Portland  Oct.
Richmond  Feb.
Gorham  Sept.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM
Alium, Richard  40. .Bangor  Aug. 24, '63
Allen, Ira P  23. .Searsport  Sept. 1,'63
Avery, Jeremiah  26. .Greenfield  Aug. 12, '63.
Baker, George H  36. .New Brunswick Aug. 26, '63
Babcock, William  20. .Newburg  Aug. 12, '63
Bean, Freeborn G  20. .Bethel  Aug. 3, '63
Biker, George  IS. .Glenbum  Sept. 1,'63
Carter, John  29. .Lewiston  Aug. 21, '63
Callahan, John  31 . .Portland  Sept. 1,'63

Clark, A. J. ,
Colley, James il.,
Cochran, John . .
Crosby, Williani.

.18

.Calais  Sept. 1,'63

.22. .Belfast  Dec. 23, '63.

..35..23

. Lewiston  Aug. 3 1 , ' 63
.Swanville  Sept. 7, '61

Crafts, James C  42 .
Cusick, John  18 .
Daggett, Stephen  21 .
DaSey, James  22 .
Dickey Almerin  20 .
Doten, Charles B  25 .
Hatch, Sylvanus  20.
Jackson, George W. ... 19 .
Knowlton, George F. . .26.
Lincoln, Llewellyn  18 .
McManus, Marcian W.. 25 .

Paris  Aug.
Lewiston  Sept.
Washington  Jan.
, Portland  Sept.
.Belfast  Sept.
.Palermo  Jan.
.Windsor  Sept.
.Belmont  Dec.
.Liberty  Jan.
.Searsmont  J^^-
.Unity  Sept.

31, '63
1,^63 r64.
1,'63
23, ^61
1,^647,^61
4,^63 1,^64 1,'64
7, '61

Ordway, Lewis 
SideUnger, Manuel . .
Staples, Alvah 
Sylvester, Sanford B.

.32.. Belmont  Jan. 1,'64
.29. .Union  Jan. 1,'64
. 19. .Prospect  Jan. 1,^64
.20. .Lincolnville.. . .Jan. 1,^64

FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE 15, 1864.
. .Cons. tr. to Co. G.
. .Cons., wd. Wilderness, disc. March 20, '65.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st, H. A.
, .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc, date unknown.
. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. Co. G.
, .Cons. wd. Dec. 21, '63, tr. 1st H. A.
, .Cons. wd. Wilderness, also rptd. deserter.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Jan. 20, '65.
.Vet. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A., abs. at m. o.
.Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
. Pris. Gettysburg and Jerusalem Plank Road,
died Andersonville Sept. 12, '64.
.Cons, disch. May 17, '65.
.Cons, musician, tr. 1st H. A,
.Vet. tr. 1st H. A.
.Cons. tr. Co. G.
, .Corp. disch. exp. serv.
. .Vet., wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. exp. serv.
. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
, . Vet. Sergt. tr. 1st H. A. absent sick at m. o.
. .Vet. wd. Strawberry Plains, tr. 1st H. A.
. . Sergt. Pris. Gettysburg and Jerusalem Plank
Road, mustered in 2nd It. to date july 1 '63
disc. July 19, '64.
. . Vet. wd. Deep Bottom, died same day.
. .Vet. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
Vet. pr. sergt. tr. 1st H. A.
Vet. pris. Gettysburg and Jerusalem Plank
Road. tr. 1st H. A.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY PROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY
IN NOVEMBER 1864 irmMicx
Baldwin, Robert  38. .Vienna  Oct. 5,'64..Tr. 1st H. A.
Dearborn, George H. ..23. .Waterville  Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
Gerrish, William L  23 . . Portland  Oct. 5, '64. . Sergt. pr. 2nd lieut. Co K
Sawyer, James A  18. .Waterville  Oct. 5,64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
Stone, Emery  18. .Bristol  Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st H A.

SOLDIERS WHO
Jason Gordon 
Elisha W. Ellis 
Isaac Hills 
George W. Young . . .
Daniel Bachelor . . .
Manter A. Roberts
Augustus A. Cobb .
Daiius S. Richards
Wilbur M. Clifford .
John C. Ford 
Oscar F. Dunton

Company B.
VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED THE COMPANY AT ITS OEGANIZATION
SERGEANTS
..29.. Thorndike  Aug. 25,'62..Pr. 2d. lieut. and 1st. lieut.
. .21 . .Monroe  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 1st. lieut. wd. Gettysburg.
. .18. .Northport  Aug. 25, '62. .Red.wd. Gettysburg, disc. Dec 3 '63
. .27 . .Lincolnville  Aug. 25, '62. . Red. own request, tr. V. R. C July 10 '63
.29.. Palermo  Aug. 25, '52. .Det. in ambulance corps, m. o. '
CORPORALS
Brooks  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Feb. 17, '63.
.Montville.^  Aug. 25,'62. .Tr. to 4, U. S. arty.
Pr- 1st. sergt. wd. Wilderness and Raam«'
Station, disch. May 18.'65 . j 11 , «e»m»
Red., died, Jan. 9, '64. ' - J
Disc. Dec. 27, '62.

.23.
..21.
. .26. .Lincolnville.

..Aug. 25, '62.
, . .19. .Palermo  Aug. 25, '62.
. .26. .Monroe  Aug. 25, '62.

. . .20.. Liberty  Aug. 25, '62.. Died Dec. 7, '62.1

324

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Willard R. Hardy
Edwin A. Howes .
George Cony 
Edward L. Mitchell ,

John A. Porter ,

Atwood, Levi F  26.
Bagley, David G  19.
Bachelder, John Jr. ..21.
Batchelor, James  43 .
Beiden, Charles  18.
Bennett, Ira Z  32.
Boynton, Elbridge M. 22 .
Bradstreet, William R. 33.
Briggs, William  30 .
Bullen, Hugh A  18.
Buzzell, Elijah K  27.
Chapman, George F  18.,
Churchill, Wm. H. . ..22.
Cilley, Lorenzo D  28. ,
Clark, Isaac C  18.
Coffin, Frank  18

Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
.21. .Searsmont  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
.23. .Liberty  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. sergt. killed, Gettysburg.
MUSICIANS
.35. .Monroe  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Aug. 28, ^63.
.21. .Liberty  Aug. 25,^62. .M. o.
WAGONER
.40. .Lincolnville. . . .Aug. 2S,'62. .On det. duty, m. o.
PRIVATES

Liberty  Aug. 25
Liberty  Aug. 25
Monroe  Aug.
Montville  Aug.
Palermo  Aug.
Montville  Aug.
Liberty  Aug.
Palermo  Aug.
Monroe  Aug.

Crockett, Wilbur.
Crooker, Benjamin S..

Montville  Aug.
Monroe  Aug.
Liberty  Aug.
Montville  Aug.
Brooks  Aug.
Lincolnville. . . .Aug.
Thorndike  Aug.

.Lincolnville..Lincolnville.

Crummett, Otion E  18.. Northport

.Aug. 25
.Aug. 25
.Aug. 25

Cross, Israel H  18.
Crosby, George A  18 .
Cross, George E  20.
Curtis, Watson  38 .
Curtis, William H. ...21.
Dean, Silas  23.
Dean, John H  34.
Dunton, Hosea B  19.
Eastman, William H.. . 18.
Ellis, Alvin H  18.
Flagg, JobP  18.
Gray, James C  22 .
Gregory, Alonzo V  26.
Hall, John Jr  18.
¦?Harmon, Martin  22
Hannon, Horace I. ... 18
Haskell, Christopher C.31
Harriman, Woodb'ry S.18

Aug.
Aug.

. Lincolnville
. Northport .
.So. Thomaston. Aug,
. Monroe  Aug.
.Monroe  Aug.
.Lincolnville. . . .Aug.
. Palermo  Aug.
.Liberty  Aug.
.Liberty  Aug.
.Monroe  Aug.
. Monroe  Aug.

.Monroe  Aug. 25
.Montville  Aug. 25
.Brooks  Aug. 25
. Montville  Aug. 2 5
. Liberty  Aug. 2 5
.Searsmont  Aug. 25
.Montville  Aug. 25,
Heal, Isaiah  27 . .Lincolnville. . . .Aug. 25

Heal, Morrison R  22
Henderson, Irad M. . .21
Hustus, Hiram A  24
Hubbard, William  25
Kenniston. Wesley ... IS ,
Knowles, Andrew J. . . .33.
Knowlton, Joshua T. .19

.Searsmont  Aug. 25,
.Nova Scotia ..Aug. 25,
. Monroe  Aug. 2 5 ,
.Palermo  Aug. 25,
.Liberty  Aug. 25,
.Thorndike  Aug. 25,
.Monroe  Aug. 25

Lamb, Nathan  44. .Searsmont  Aug. 25,

.Thorndike  Aug. 25
.Monroe  Aug. 25
.Monroe  Aug. 25.
..Winterport ...Aug. 25,
. .Thorndike  Aug. 25,
.Thorndike  Aug. 25,
. Lincolnville .... Aug. 25,
.Lincolnville. . . .Aug. 25,
.Palermo  Aug. 25,
. -Palermo  Aug. 25,
. .Thorndike  Aug. 25,
. .Montville  Aug. 25,
..Monroe  Aug. 25,
"•¦Also written Hanan and Hannon.
Rand, Marshall H. . . .43. .Monroe  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr V. R. C.

Lane, John P
Larrabee, Moses Jr. .
Mayo, George M 
McDonald, Andrew R.
Monroe, Joseph R. . .
Monroe, Thomas F. . .
Moody, Augustus R.. .
Morang, George E. . .
Noyes, Eli  31
Nutter, Richard A  41
Parsons, Henry  18
Parsons, Joseph B. . . .30
Patterson, Washington 26

62. .Reptd. sick in hosp. during term of serv.
'62.. Pr. sergt., killed, Wilderness
'62. .Pr. sergt. tr. V. R. C, Aug. 3, '63.
'62. .Died, Ft. Wagner, D. C, Aug. 30, '62.
'62. .Disc. Feb. 17, '63.
'62. .KUled, Gettysburg.
'62. .Disc. April 4, '63.
'62. .Det. in ambulance corps, disch. June 6, '65.
'62. . Pr. Corp. wd. Gettysburg, red. tr. to navy Apr.
16, '64.
'62. . Pr. Corp. wd. Wilderness, died Nov. 18, '64.
'62. .Mortally wd. Willdemess, died May 28, '64.
¦62.. Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Jan. 2, ^64.
62.. Wd. Totopotomoy, disc. Mch. 1, ^65.
M. o.
Disc. Apr. 10, '63.
Mortally wd., Gettysburg, died July 14, '63.
.Wd. Spottsylvania, died June 23, '64.
.Pr. sergt. wd. Gettsburg and Totopotomoy,
disch. Apr. 29, '65.
.Wd. Gettysburg and Spottyslvania, died June
9, '64.
.Wd. Bristoe Station, disc. Nov. 9, '64.
.Died in Washington, Nov. 5, '62.
.Disc. Dec. 23, '62.
.Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Mch. 15, '64.
.Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
62. .Killed, North Anna.
'62. .Disc. May 20, '63.
'62. .Killed ,Wildemess.
'62.. Died Oct. 5, '62.
62. . Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C, Aug. 6, '64.
62 . . Wd. Gettysburg, died of wds. York, Pa,
Dec. 2nd., '63.
62.. On. det. duty, m. o.
62. . Pris. Reams' Station, no further record.
62.. Died Jan. 19, '63.
62 . .Pr. sergt. m. o.
62 . .Det. as provost guard, m. o.
62. .Disc. Feb. 7, 63.
62.. Disc. Mch. 23, '63.
62. .Disc. Feb. 17, '63.
62. .Pr. sergt. wd. Wilderness, m. o.
62. .Disc. Mch. 14, '63.
62 " " " " '

¦62
¦62.¦62.¦62.¦62.'62.'62.
¦62.¦62.
¦62.¦62.

¦64.

Tr. V. R. C, Jan. 15,
62. . Wd. Gettysburg, m.
62.. Died Dec. 27, '62.
62. .Killed, Spottsylvania.
62. .On det. duty, m. o.
62. .Disc. Feb. 2, '63.
62. .Died Apr. 26, '63.
62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pris. No. Anna, m.
.Pr. Corp. wd. Wilderness, m. o.
.M. o.
. Det. as blacksmith, m. o.
.Died Feb. 10, '63.
.M. o.
.M. o.
. Miss'g at Gettysburg, fate unknown.
.Disc. Dec. 4, '62.
62.. M. o.
62.. Disc. Dec. 17, 63.
62. .Pr. Corp. wd. Spottyslvania, m. u.

ROSTER

325

Nahb
Richards, Mayberry .
Roberts, Eli 
Roberts, Oscar E 
Robertson, Samuel N.
Rowell, Elbridge W...
Sanford, Benjamin O.
Staples, William L 
Strattard, John 
Tenney, Leonard 
Turner, Abial 
Ware, Jason 
Ware, Jabe?, G 
Ward, Benjamin F. . .
Watts, Daniel F 
Wentworth, Fr'klin M.
Wellington, John M.. .
Whitney, Hezekiah. . .
Whitney, Mark L 
Wilson, Erastus T. . .
Witham, John Jr. . . .
Young, 'Thomas J 

Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
. 20 . . Lincolnville  Aug. 25,'62..M.o.
.21. .Brooks  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Dec. 31, '62.
.19.. Brooks  Aug. 2S,'62..Tr. V. R. 0. May 24, '64.
37. .Monroe  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Pr. corp. wd. Wilderness and Strawberry Plains
disch. June 19, '65.
.32. .Montville  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. died in reg'tl. hosp. March 3, '63.
.18. .Montville  Aug. 25, ^62. .Wd. Wilderness, absent at m. 0.
.19.. Monroe  Aug. 2 5,^62.. Died Apr. 5, '63.
.31. .Monroe  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Mch. 17, '63.
.36. .Northport  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Dec. 28, '63.
.32 . .Palermo  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, absent at m.o.
.25. .Northport  Aug. 25,^62. .Wd. Wilderness, disc. Feb. 27, '65.
.18.. Northport  Aug. 25,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. Nov. 15, ^63.
.26. .Thorndike  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Spottyslvania, m. o.
.24. .Montville  Aug. 25, '62. .Died May 2, ¦eS.
.18. .Searsmont  Aug. 25, ¦62. .Disc. Feb. 28, '63.
.32. .Montville  Aug. 25,'62. .Pr. corp. tr. V. R. C. Sept. 30, '64.
.26. .Lincolnville  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. Aug. 1, '63.
.18. .Lincolnville. . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, absent at m. o.
.22. .Searsmont  Aug. 25,^62. .Wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, m. o.
.28. .Palermo  Aug. 25, ^62. .Disc. Feb. 26. ^63.
.29. .Lincolnville  Aug. 25,'62..Tr. U. S. navy Feb. 15, '64.

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION.
Batchelder, Edgar S. .23. -Garland  Aug. IS, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
Brown, Jeremiah Jr.. . . 19. .Comville  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 11, '63.
Chandler, Charles A  25. .Winthrop  July, 18, '63.. Cons, died July 2, '64 of wds. rec'd, at Jerusalem
Plank Road.
Clark, George M  Bangor  May 16,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Collins, William  28. .Portland  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 11, '64.
DiUman, Joseph  30. .Portland  Sept. 21, ^63. .Cons. tr. to navy, Apr. 16, '64.
Dore, Henry A  28. .Harmony  Aug. 11, '63. .Cons, taken pris. on march to Auburn, Va. Oct.-
13, died Annapolis, Md. Nov. 25, '63.
Dwinell, George W  19. .Portland  Aug. 14, '63. .Cons. wd. Totopotomoy, tr. 1st. H. A.
Frizzell, Henry G  18. .Augusta  July 22, '63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C. May 1, '64.
French. Charles F  18. .Augusta  July 18, ^63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
GetcheU, Elisha B. . . .29. .Augusta  July 16, ^63. .Cons. tr. U. S. navy Feb. IS, ^64.
Gross, Charles  18. .Augusta  July 16, '63. .Cons. det. as mus. tr. 1st. H. A.
HaU. Adoniram  24. .Damariscotta .July 18, '63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
Hatch, Benjamin C. . .30. .Lewiston  July 16, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 30, '64.
Hannon, WiUiam A  19 . .Liberty  Jan. 18, '64. . Wd. WUderness, tr. 1st H A
Hewett, Isaac S  18.. Madison  Oct. 6,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Henderson, Irad M. . . .23. . LincolnvUle . . . .Sept. 1,'63. .Cons. wd. Mine Run, m. o.
Hinkley, Calvin B. . . .26. .Norridgewock. .July 21, ^63. .Cons. pr. sergt. 2d. lieut. 1st. lieut. capt.
Howe, WUliam P  30. .Dixmont  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Hutchinson, James H. 20. .Lewiston  Dec. 3, '63. .Wd. Petersburg, disc. Dec. 23 '64
Jordan, Joseph  25. .Webster  Sept. 19,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A. Nov. 2, '64.
JeweU, Charles F  26.. Dixmont  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, pris. Hatcher's Run,
„. .„ disch. June 16, '65.
King, David  22. .Bangor  Sept. 22, '63. .Cons, disch. May 22, '65.
Knowlton, Thomas. . . .40. .Swanville . . . .Feb. 13,'6S. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Lemare, Narcisse  20. .Lewiston  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. des. Sept. 9, '63, arrested, sentenced to
., T 1 „„ „ , , . ^^ Tortugas- disc- Jan. 13. '66.
Marr, John  20. .Portland  Aug. 7, 63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr V R C
Marston, Charles L. . . .18. .Augusta  Mch. 5,^64. .Mus. tr. 1st. H A
Murphy, Jeremiah  42. .Portland  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 14, '63
Montine. Charles  30.. Portland  July 30, '64. .Tr. 1st H A
Page, Oscar E  18. .Camden  Feb. 16, '65. .Tr. 1st. H A
Perkins, Frank  21. .Athens  July 20,^63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C. Feb 11 ^65
Prescott, Charles H.. . .21 . .Newburg  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. wd. Totopotomoy, died May 17 '65
Rice, John  20. .Damariscotta .Aug. 13, '63. .Cons, died Aug. 8, '64, at Augusta, Me., of wds.
T> o > r. -,-, T, „ . received at Cold Harbor.
Rose, Sylvanus C  33. .Bradley  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons, disch. June 8 '65
RusseU, Jason C  27. .Bangor  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H A
Sanborn EdwmO  18. .Monroe  Dec. 11, '63. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
Shaw, Walter B  25. .Vassalboro  July 16, '63. .Cons. pr. corp. wd. Spottslyvania, disc. Mch.
SmaU, Jeremiah  40. .SwanviUe  Feb. 13, '65. .Tr. I'st. H. A.
Smith, WiUiam T  33. .Hampden  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. tr. to navy Apr 16 '64
Smith, Edwm . . . .23. .Newburg  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Mch. 6, '65
IS„il:= A w ••¦?7--fc^'"'^*°°  I"'^ lS'5f-S°°==°"'P'"'^-BristoeStation, tr. Ist.H A.
Staples, Albert  27. .Newburg  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons, died Stevensburg, Va Dec 22 ^63

326

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Stowell, Asa V. . . .
Thomas, Rufus C. . .
Waltz, Loran 
Wood, Franklin A.
Wood, WiUiam H.

Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
. .30. .Mt. Vernon. . . .Aug. 8, '63. .Cons. disc. Apr. IS, '64.
. .18. .Camden  Feb. 16,'6S..Tr. 1st. H. A.
. .26. .Nobleboro  July 18, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
..32. .Belfast  Aug. 6, '63. .Cons, killed, Bristoe Station Oct. 14, ^63.
. .30. .Belfast  Aug. 6,^63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE 15, 1864.
CaU, Benjamin F  22. .Bangor  Aug. 18, ^63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Carver, Edwin W  27. .Rockland  Aug. 18, '62. .Wd. Fredericksburg, absent at m. o.
Chase, WUliam P  19. .Lincoln  Aug. 8, '63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C. Sept. 30, ^64.
Chase, Edward L  33. .Portland  Dec. 30, ^63. .Died of wds. July 16, ^64.
Clay, Abijah N  36. .Bangor  Aug. 24, '63. .Cons, killed Reams' Station Aug. 25, '64.
Dana, Daniel  21. .Lewiston  Aug. 26, '63. .Cons, died Nov. 3, '64, buried at City Point, Va .
Dexter, Judson W. ... 19. .Corinth  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A .
Drake, George  19. .Bangor  Sept. 1,'63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Mch. 20, '65.
Elden, John .,  18. .Bradford  Aug. 29, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Estes, David  28. .Orono  Aug. 22, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
Fields, George W  23. .Amherst  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Feb. 28, '65.
Forbes, Freeman A. ... 19. .Belfast  Nov. 18,'63. .Wd. disch. May 20, '65.
Gray, Clarendon W. ... 18. .Stockton  Jan. 1,'64. . Color-sergt. pr. 2d. lieut. Co. B. m. o.
Grover, Navard  44. .Brooks  Jan. 2, '64. .Pris. Reams' Station, no further record.
Heal, Thomas J  18.. Belfast  Dec. 4,'63. . Tr. 1st. H. A.
Hopkins, Charles W. . . .24. .Jefferson  Jan. 1,'64. .Vet. sergt. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road.
Jackson, John A  21. .Belfast  Dec. 4,'63. .Wd. tr. 1st. H. A.
Metcalf, Fred H  21. .LincolnvUle. . . .Dec. 7, '63. .Des. May 4, '64, never joined company.
Norris, Daniel C  27. .Rockland  Jan. 1, '64. .Vet. corp. tr. 1st- H. A.
Philbrook, Levi A  22. .Augusta  Sept. 3, '61. .Wd, WUderness, disch. exp. of serv.
Rich, Israel T  44. .Jackson  Dec. 2, '63. .Wd. disc. Oct. 5, '64.
Robinson, Ezbelon  27. .Bangor  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, disc. Mch. 20, '65.
Snowdeal, Thomas E. . .21. .Thomaston .. .Sept.l9, '61 .. Wd. Manassas pris., Gettysburg, died Anderson
ville June 10, '64.
Sylvester, William F. . . .25. .Casco  Dec. 30, '63. .Pris. WUderness, never joined company.
Thomas, Winslow W.. . .21 . .Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Abs. sick, never joined company.
Taylor, George F  29. .Gardiner  Jan. 1, '64. .Vet. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. V. R. C. never joined
company.
Turner, Charles A  21 . .North Haven .Aug. 15, '62. . Wd. WUderness, never joined company.
Ulmer, Alonzo N  21 . .Rockland  Aug. 27,'61. . Wd. Gettysburg, disch. Sept. 2, '64, term exp.
Wellman, Charies F  18. .Brooks  Dec. 4,^63..Tr. 1st. H. A.
SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER 1864.
Bamise, Thomas  37. .Skowhegan . . .Oct. S,'64. .Wd. Nov. 14, '64, tr. 1st. H. A.
Casey, Thomas  22. .Whitefield  Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Chapman, Alvin L  43. .Starks  Oct. 5, '64. .Wd. Boydton Road, disc, July 4, '65.
Dunn, James  2 5 .. Whitefield  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Hewitt, Isaac S  18. .Madison  Oct. 5,^64. .Abs. sick at m. o.
MaxmUian, Jacob  24. .Limerick  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Morey, Vetal  23. .Anson  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Potter, Thomas A  20. .Clinton  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Thomas, Albert  IS. .Limerick  Oct. 5,^64. . Wd. Oct. 8, ^64, tr. 1st. H. A.
Wescott, Joseph D  27. .Athens  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Whittier, Nathaniel B. 19. .Madison  Oct. 5,^64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Wescott, WiUis  18.. Embden  Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Company C.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION
SERGEANTS
Albion Whitten  35. .Troy  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 2d and 1st lieut.
George Dunbar  24. .Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. 1st sergt. wd. Gettysburg, red. disc. Feb., 6
¦65.
Francis H. Foss  25. .Fairfield  Aug. 25,^62. . Pr. 2d lieut. wd. Gettysburg.
Henry W. Nye  20. .Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, pr. 2d lieut.
Eugene A, Boulter ... .24. .Unity  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Pr. Ist sergt. wd. Spottsylvania, disc. Feb. 2, '65
CORPORALS
Lyman B. Kimball. . . .23. .Clinton  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Red. at own request, tr. V. R. C.
WiUiam H. Emery ... .22. .Fairfield  Aug. 25,'62. .Pr. sergt. wd. Gettysburg and WUderness, pr. 2d
and 1st lieut.
George H. Huntress . . .21. .Shapleigh  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Died near Warrenton, typhoid fever July 26, '63.
Gersham F. Tarbell . . .20. .Benton  Aug. 2S,'62. .M. o.
Lindley H. Whittaker .21. .Troy  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, disch
June 16, '65.

ROSTER

327

Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
TT ^ ^FR-VICE
Edward F. Tukey  21. .Fairfield  Aug.' 25, '62. .Disc. Nov. 24, '62.
George M. Cotton  20. .Fairfield  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
George A. Osborn  20. .Fairfield  J^ug. 25, '62. .Wd. Wilderness, m. u.
MUSICIANS
Hollis S. Spearing  26. .Benton  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. May 17, '63.
Cross, Francis W  32. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 2 5, '62. .Reptd. as des. Nov. 15, '62.
PRIVATES
27. .Bowdoin  Aug. 25,'62..Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. atm. u.
32. .Bowdoin  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. Feb. 20, '63.
18. .Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp, died Feb. 14,'65.

Adams, John B 
AUen, Isaac 
Allen, Alfred F 
Bagley, SeweU H 
Bennett, Jason 
Bickmore, Mayo 
Bowley, Chester 
Blethen, James L 
Brann, MerriU 
Burrell, Franklin 
Buzzell, Benjamin F. .
CaU, Fredericks 
Chisam, Theodore 
Choate, Albert 
Clough, Harrison T. . . .
Crosby, Abijah 
Crowell, Charles H 
Daggett, Alanson W. .
Dodge, Charles H 
Emery, Henry 
Emery, Samuel 
Emerson, James D 
Erskine, Christopher. . .
Fogg, Eben S 
Garcelon, Edwin 
Gerrish, Increase B. . . .
Oilman , Lorenzo D 
Giles, Eli 
Glidden, Franklin W. . .
Goodwin, Charles C. Jr,
Goodwin, Henry C.
Gray, RusseU B. . .
Green, James R 
Greenleaf Benjamin W.
HaU, JohnS 
Harrington, Myron C. .
Haskell, Joseph E 
Hodgdon, George E. . . .
Jones, Charles W 
Lewis, Jonathan 
Lewis, WUliam E 
Lewis, Milford T 
Libby, Nathaniel P. . . .
Lord, Alexander W. . .
Maxim, Sullivan A.. . .
Mayo, Oscar F 
Merrick, James L 
McDonald, Charles H.
Mclntire, Ezra F 
McManners, Daniel A.
MorriU, WUliam H... .
Nichols, Alphonzo. . . .
Oliver, James M 
Palmer, Silas 
Phinney, Thomas F. . .
Pierce, John G 
Plummer, Myrick. . .
Pratt, Elbridge P...,
Pulsifer, Henry H.. .
Reed, Thomas 
Reynolds, Josiah K.,
Rhoades, Reuben. . .
Sanborn, Daniel 
Sawyer, Byron P 
Shaw, Johnson 

20. .Troy  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Disc. Jan. 21, '63.

Unity  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. March 6, '63.
Troy  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Spottsylvania, m.
25, '62.. Disc. " ' ¦" ""
25, '62.

25, '62.
25, '62.

Mch. 12, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg tr. V. R. C. Mch. 12, '64.
In hosp. at m. o.
Det. in ambulance corps, m. o.
Wd. WUderness, m. o.
Wd. Gettysburg, died Aug. 25. '63.
25, '62. .Sick in hosp. at m. o.
25, '62. .Det. in arty, brigade disch. June 21, '65.
Wd. Wilderness pr. corp, m. o.
Wd. Gettysburg, died July 8, '63.
Died in Washington Oct. 9, '62.
25, 62 .Disc. Nov. 18, '62.
25, '62. .Pr. hosp. steward.
25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
Disc. Apr. 24,'63.
Det. as div. pioneer, m. o.
25, '62. .Pr. Corp., kUled, Gettysburg.
.Fairfield  Aug. 25,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. July 27, '63.
.Troy  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in ambulance corps, disch. June 6, '65.
.Troy  Aug. 25, '62.. Died Dec. 27, '62.
.Unity  Aug. 25,^62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Dec. 26, ^63.
.Unity  Aug. 25,^62. .Correct name Elias ChUds, des. June 29, ¦63.
21. .Whitefield  Aug. 25,'62. .Disc. Aug. 6, '63.
24. .Dresden  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in arty, brig., m. o.
20. .Dresden  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in arty, brig., disc. Mch. 27, '65.
.30. .Fairfield  Aug. 2 5, '62. . Pr. sergt., wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
21.. Richmond  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Jan. 1, ^63.
22.. Starks  Aug. 25,^62. .Tr. V. R.C.Oct. 1, ^63.
35. .Fairfield  Aug. 25,^62. .Brig, saddler, m. o.
18. .China  Aug. 25,^62. .Died Bolivar, Va., Oct. 12, '62.
18. .Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Jan. 15, '64.

.Troy  Aug.
.Unity  AuL
.Whitefield  Aug. 25, '62
.Fairfield  Aug. 25,^62
.Benton  Aug,
.Richmond  Aug,
.Unity  Aug,
.Unity  Aug,
.St. Albans  Aug. 25,^62
.Benton  Aug. 25,^62
.Winslow  Aug. 25,^62
.Starks  Aug,
. Freedom  Aug.
.Fairfield  Aug.
.Fairfield  Aug. 25,^62
.Madison  Aug. 25,^62
Whitefield  Aug,

.Thorndike  Aug.
.Clinton  Aug.
. Fairfield  Aug.
.Fairfield  Aug.
.Unity  Aug.
. Fairfield  Aug.

25,^62.25,^62.25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.

35- -Troy  Aug- 25,'62-.Wd. Gettysburg, died Aug. 24, '63.
'  ¦ 25'62..Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
. Wd. Gettysburg, reptd. a des. at m. o.
.Det. as teamster, m. o.
.Des. July 15, ^63.
.M. o.
-„-  . Pr. sergt., killed, Gettysburg.
St. Albans  Aug. 25,^62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pr. corp. m. 0.
Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. m. o.
"  Disc. Jan. 20, '63.
M.o. Pr. Corp. wd. Cold Harbor, disch. June 12, '65.
Disc. Mch. 15, '63.
Det. as teamster with q. m. disch. June 12, '65.
Pr. 1st sergt., wd. Cold Harbor, m. o.
Tr. V. R. C. Dec. 10, '63.
25, '62.. Died Feb. 10, '63.
25, '62. .Det. in arty. brig. m. o.
Det. in Arty, brig., pris. Spottsylvania, disch.
June 12, '65.
M. o.
KiUed, Gettysburg.
25, '62.. Disc. Jan. 4, '63.
25, '62.. M.o.
25,|62. .Sick in hosp. disch. June 21, '65.
25, '62. .Abs. sick at m. o.
Abs. sick at m. o.
Disc. July 24, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg, amputation of foot, disc.
Feb. 8, '65.

.21 .28.19.25.20
.35
.21.21 .18.. Troy  Aug. 25, '62
.33.. Madison  Aug. 25, '62
25.. Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62
27.. Unity  Aug.
.28. .Benton  Aug.
.21. .Fairfield  Aug.
.38.. Fairfield  Aug.
.28. .Unity  Aug.
.20. .Unity  Aug.
.24. .Clinton  Aug. 25, '62

25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.

..21 .21
. 21
.35 .34
..20 .33
. 19
.28

.Whitefield  Aug.
. Fairfield  Aug.
. New Sharon . . . Aug.
.Richmond  Aug.
.Unity  Aug.
.Troy  Aug.
. Fairfield  Aug.
.Troy  Aug.
.Troy  Aug.

25, '62.
25, '62.

25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.

328

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Sinclair, David 
SneU, Cyrus F 
Spaulding, John 
Spaulding, WUliam. .
Thompson, Gustavus
Tibbetts, George W..
Usher, Orrin S 
Webb, Reuben R 
Whitten, Richard . . .
Whitten, Randall K..
Whitten, Darius 
Woodman, Alfred . . .
Woodward, Joseph G.

Age Residence

Mustered into
U. S. Service

Remarks

. .33. .Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62.
, .18. .Madison  Aug. 25, '62.
..41. .Benton  Aug. 25, '62.
. .42. .Benton  Aug. 2 5, '62.
L. 21. Fairfield  Aug. 25, '62.
. .30. .Unity  Aug. 25, '62.
, .18. .Albion  Aug. 25, '62.
. .30. .Unity  Aug. 25, '62.
..27.. Unity  Aug. 25, '62.
. 32. .Unity  Aug. 25, '62.
,.36.. Unity  Aug. 25, '62.
..21. .Troy  Aug. 25, '62.
.23. .Troy  Aug. 2 5, '62.

M.o.
Pr. Corp. wd. Wilderness, died of wds. JuiieI2,'64
Tr. V. R. C. May 27, '64.
Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
Pr. Corp. kiUed, Gettysburg.
Det. in arty. brig. m. o.
Sick in hosp. disch. May 31, '65.
Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
Pr. corp. disc. Jan. 2, '65.
Det. in arty. brig. m. q.
Disc. Apr. 9, '63.
Sick in hosp. disch. May 29, '65.
KUled, Gettysburg.

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WrlO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION

Arno, James G  27.
Barnes, John W  22 .
Bartlett, America F  22 .
Bessey, Oliver B  21.
Bennett, Amos  44.
BlaisdeU, Thomas B. . .29.
Chase, Cyrus  26.
Chamberlain, Orrin W. 33 .
Cleaveland, Moses S. . .23.
Cochran, RUey  25 .
Cunningham, Warren.. 20.
Cunningham David E. . 2 1 .
Decker, Hiram S  21.
Delmage, John J  27.
Downs, Calvin G  33.
Downs, George S  21.
Flanders, James H  31.
Foster, WiUiam W  29.
Ford, George H  21.
Frillon, Richard D  21 .
Gray, .Albert J  18.
Hatch, George M  18.
Hoxie, Nathan D  24.
Huse, Reuben A  32.
Judkins, Henry  32 .
Keen, Alfred  23.
Knights, Alfred W. ... 19 .
Lamphen, Alfred  18.
Lawrence, Hiram  31.
Manter, Charles  21.
MerriU, William L  21.
-Norton, Edwin M  18,
Plummer, Aaron C. ...25.

. .Augusta  Aug.
. .Porter  Aug.
- - Lewiston  Aug-
. . Lewiston  Aug.

Plummer, Asa  22
RamsdeU, Seth W  20
Richardson, Rufus ... .20
Richardson, Martin  18
Rowe, Charles A  20
Sargent, Orrin  18
Shepherd, Richard A. .21
Sulhvan, James G  26 . . Anson  Aug,
St. Clair, Don Carlos. . 24. . Brewer  Aug,
Titus, Olney W  26. .Dexter  Aug,

Welch, SuUivan M. ,

.18

White, WUliam W  22
WUcox, WUliam J  31
Williams, Francis L.. . .28,
Williams, Charles S. ..31
Woodbury, Edward C..24,

Detroit  Aug. 17,'63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
Dedham  Aug. 18, '63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station, tr. 1st H. A.
Forestville  Sept. 21, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 22, '64.
Fairfield  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. wd. North Anna, tr. 1st H. A.
Montville  Dec. 8, '63. .Disc. Jan. 11, '65.
Milo  Aug. 21, ^63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disch. June 8, ^65.
Westfield  Aug. 5, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
Cons. disc. Feb. 8, '65.
Cons. disc. Jan. 20, '64.
Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
1, '63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C. Feb. 11, '64.
2, '63.. Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
4,'65..Tr. 1st H. A.
10,'63. .Cons. des. Nov. 26, '63.
18, '63- -Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st H. A.
1,'63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station, died Nov. 27, '6-4.
18, '63. .Cons, disch. June 7, '65.
27, '64.. Died, June 17, '64.
1,'63. .Cons, died Nov. 24, '63.
IS, '63. .Cons. wd.Jerusalem Plank Rd., died July 27, '64.
9, '63.. Disch. Apr. 26, '64.
IS, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottyslvania, tr. 1st H. A.
21, '63. .Cons. pr. corp. wd. Spottsylvonia, tr. V. R. C.
Oct. 7. '64.
Athens  Aug. 19, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. Ist H. A.
Canaan  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons. kUled, Jerusalem Plank Road.
7, '63. .Sub. disch. Apr. 26, '64.
21, '64.. Disch. June 8, '65.
IS, '63. .Cons, died Jan. 12, '64.
IS, '63- .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st H. A.
13, '63. . Des. Aug. 19, '63, never joined co.
Cons, disch. June 9, '65.
Cons, mortally wd. Cold Harbor, died
June 4, '64.
Cons. kUled, Spottsylvania.
Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
13, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
„ 17, '63.. Cons. tr. Ist H. A.
Eddington  Sept. 23, '63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C.
.Montville  Feb. 27, '64. .Killed, Jerusalem Plank Road.
Waterville  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. kUled, WUderness.
3, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 17, '63.
7, '63.. Cons. tr. Ist H. A.
7, '63. .Cons. wd. Cold Harbor, died from wds.
June 19, '64.
.Clinton  Aug. 10, '63. .Missing Bristoe Station, never heard from,
reptd. des.
.Bangor  Aug. 6, '63. .Cons. abs. sick, disch. June 15, '65.
.MapTeton  Aug. 6, '63. .Cons, disch. June 15, '65.
.Madison  Aug. 18, '63. .Cons. abs. sick, disch June 7, '65.
.Norridgewock. .Aug. 18, '63. .Cons. disc. July 14, '64.
Belfast  Mch. l,'65..Tr. 1st H. A.

Fairfield  Aug. 18, '63.
Fairfield  Aug. 17, '63.
.Fairfield  Aug. 18, '63.
. Wiscasset  Aug.
. Bradford  Sept.
.Belfast  Mch.
. Lewiston  Aug.
.Detroit  Aug.
.Augusta  June
.Garland  Sept.
. Fairfield  Aug.
.Montville  Feb.
. Bridgewater . . . Sept.
.Fairfield  Aug.
. Lewiston  Dec.
.Detroit  Aug.
.Mapleton  Sept.

, Gardiner  Aug.
Portland  Mch.
, Fairfield  Aug.
Anson  Aug.
Bath  Aug.
Waltham  Sept.
Belfast  Aug.

4, '63.
6,'63- 5, '63..
IS, '63.

York, Ephraim A  25. .Fairfield  Aug. 18, '63. .Cons, died Dec. 4, '63.
SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE 15, 1364.
Ames, WUliam H  27. .Plymouth  Dec. 23, '63. .Vet. wd. WUderness, tr. Ist H. A.
Brown, James H  24. .Belfast  Aug. 21, '63. .Sub. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. Ist H. A.
Bruce, Samuel T  27. .MontvUle  .Aug. 20, '63. .Sub. wd. Cold Harbor, June 5. tr. 1st H.A.

ROSTER

329

Name Age Residence Must^ered into Remarks
U. S. Service ,.,,.. 1
Carter, Preston J  18. . Belfast  Feb. 19, '62. . Pr. and det. as color sergt., killed Jerusalem
Plank Road.
Campbell, ThomasB.. 28. .Thomaston... .Mch. 14,'64..Pr.2d. lieut. Co. I. j „, „ , „ m „ ¦>*
Cunningham, Austin. . . 19 . .Warren  Mch. 14,'64. . Vet. pris. Gettysburg, wd. Ft. Haskell, Nov.2»,
'64, tr. Ist H. A.
Davis, Henry A  20. .Unity  Sept. 10,'61. .Disch. Sept. 19, '64, term exp.
Douglass, Asa  33. .Unity  Aug. 21, '63. .Sub. wd. Jmisalem Plank RMd tr. 1st H. A.
Folsom, Albert F  21 . .Greenbush  Aug. 21, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st H. A.
Grover Albert  18. .Brooks  Dec. 31, '63. .Wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
Harlow, Nathan B  28. .Auburn  Sept. 1,'63. .Cons. wd. Cold Harbor June 5.
Hall, Stephen  44.. Portland  Dec. 3, '63. .Died June. 10, '65.
Ham, John H  21.. Bangor  Aug. 10,'63. .Cons. wd. Totopotomoy. tr. 1st H. A.
Higgins, John L  36. .Webster  Sept. 1,'63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st H. A.
Howe David  27 . .Skowhegan  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania. tr. Ist H. A.
Hubbard, Moses H  30. .Bangor  Aug. 20, '63. .Cons. tr. to Co. E.
Hughey, David  21. .Bangor  Aug. 9, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A. .. . ,^ ^ . ,^.
Hurd, George F  19. .Bangor  Aug. 24,'63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, died Oct. 4, 64.
Jackson, Seth W  43.. Lewiston  Aug. 29, '63. .Cons, died Oct. 4, '64.
Larvin, Frank  18. .Lewiston  Aug. 28, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
Lambert, Jonas B  20. .Augusta  Sept. 10, '63. .Cons, reptd. pris. at m. o.
Lamb, Samuel  21 . .LoweU  Aug. 29, '63. .Cons, died June 17, '64.
Lopez, Antonio  24. .Portland  Aug. 19, '63. .Sub. wd. WUderness, tr. Ist H.A.
Murphy, Alvin  18.. Portland  Sept. 2,'63. .Cons. tr. to Co. E. , „.
Omao, Monga  21.. Brandy, Va. ...Dec. 23,'63..Tr. V. R. C, no record m Fourth Maine.
Percy, Leonard  26. .Woolwich  Sept. 2, '63. .Sub. tr. 1st H. A.
Russ, Robert F  22. .Belfast  Aug. 18, '63. .Sub. tr. to Co. F.
Sanborn, John  28. .Belfast  Aug. 24,'63. .Sub. tr. 1st H. A.
Smith, Otto  21. .Belfast  Aug. 24,'63. .Sub.tr. 1st H. A.
Stevens, Edmund, Jr.. .23. .Belfast  Aug. 24,'63. .Sub. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
Wade, Edwin  18. .Belfast  Sept. 7, '61. .Disch. Oct. 4, '64, term exp.
Wentworth, James P.. .25. .Rockland  Mch. 25, '62. .Wd. Wilderness, disch., Apr. 6, '65.
SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY
IN NOVEMBER, 1864
Cole, John, Jr  19.. Anson  Oct. S,'64. .Tr. Ist H.A.
Moore, JohnG  19. .Anson  Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st .HA.
Penney, Everett A  18 . .Waterville  Oct. 5, '64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
Company D.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED THE COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.
^ SERGEANTS » I ^ S Ti<>3 1 -s •-'
Leroy S. Scott  25.. Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. 2d. lieut. Co. B. wd. Gettysburg, died of wds.
July 13, ¦es.
Ansel L. White  27. .Belfast  Aug. 25,^62. .Pr. 2d. and 1st. lieut. Co. B. and capt. Co. F.
George L. Starkey . . .21 . .Belfast  Aug. 25,^62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Nov. 12, '63.
Elbridge C. Pierce . . .18. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 1st. sergt. 2d. lieut. Ist. lieut. and Capt.
Asbury C. Richards . . .21. .Pittston  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. capt. Co. E.
CORPORALS
John F. Frost  25. .Belfast  Aug. 25,'62..Pr. sergt. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch.
June 12, '64.
John Merriam  32. .Morrill  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, died Aug. 25, ^63.
Robert T. NeweU  24. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, died July 9, '63.
Edgar Paul  21. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62.. Red. tr. V. R. C. Nov. IS, '63.
Jacob N. Cunningham 21. .Waldo  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. det. in arty. brig. m. o.
Ralph Johnson  27. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. 1st. sergt. wd. and missg. Wilderness, sup
posed to have been killed.
Henry A. Pierce  21. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Jan. 26, '63.
John A. Lord  19. .Belfast  Aug. 25, ¦62. . Pr. sergt. 2d. lieut. 1st. lieut. and Capt.
MUSICIANS
John N. Moore  19. .Belfast  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Mch. 18, '63.
Henry Mcintosh  44. .Vinalhaven . . .Aug. 25, '62. -Sick in hosp- tr. V. R. C. Dec. 27, '64.
PRIVATES
Bean, James 0  24. .Belmont  Aug. 25, ¦62. .Det. arty. brig. pris. Reams^ Station, died Salis
bury prison, Jan. 15, '65.
Beckwith, Silas  21. .Belfast  Aug. 2S,'62..M. o.
Blodgett, Joshua W. . .18. .MorriU  Aug. 25, '62. .Died Dec. 15, '63.
Brown, Jonathan M. . .21. .Belfast  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Des. Sept. 23, '62.
Brown, James C  44. .Searsmont  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Mch. 24, '63.
Buckling, William D.. .27. .Waldo  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. July 14, '64.
Burd, Samuel F  30. .Belfast  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Jan. 19, ^63.
Byard, Henry D  30. .Rockland  Aug. 25.^62. .Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
CampbeU, Annas S. . . .29. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in prov. guard, m. o.

330

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Carter, John W 
Chandler, Josiah A. . .
Chase, Elijah S.
Clements, Charles H.
Coffin, Augustus ....
Cooper, Charles F. . . .
Cromwell, Jeremiah M
Cunningham, Alden . .
Cunningham, Cornelius
Curtis, Alden H 
Dean, Horace 
Eastman, Israel C. . .
Eldridge, Richard G.
Flanders, Richard F.
Gray, John 
Hamilton. Charies R..
Hartshorn, Henry H..
Hartshorn, WUliam H
Hatch, Gardner L. . .
Hatch, Barak A 
Haire, Roswell 
Hawkins, Ford S. ...
Hinds, Prescott D. . .
Hoffses. Hiram B 
Hoffses, Lorenzo W.. .
HoUis, Enoch Jr 

Age Residence Mustered int
U. S. Service

.Belfast  Aug.
.MorriU  Aug.
.Pittston  Aug.
.Knox  Aug.
.Thorndike  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
. Bowdoinham . . Aug.
.Waldo  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Northport ....Aug.
. Belfast  Aug.
. Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Belmont  Aug.
.Swanville . . . .Aug.
. Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.MontvUle  Aug.
. Belmont  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Waldo  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
. Waldoboro .... Aug.

Hunt, Kingsbury  35 .
Hunt, Lewis  27 .
KeUey, Louira A  18 .
KendaU, Waterman B. 44.
Knowlton, John C. . . .34.
Knowlton, Elisha P.. . . 25 .
Lear, Benjamin O. . . .25.
Lenfest, James  28.
Maker, Andrew R  20.
Mayo, Nelson N  21.
Michaels, George  27.
Mixer, Jackson ...... .22.
Murch, Charles A  21 .
Nickerson, Jonathan S. 26 .
Palmer, George W  18 .
Page, George H  28 .
Pease, Ithiel  35.
Perham, Myrick  23.
Poor, Levi M  19.
Powers, William T  23 .
Prescott, Franklin K. . . 2 1 .
Rackliff, Ezekiel  43.
Robbins, Tames. ...... 33 .
Robbins, Emery  23 .
Shaw, Alpheus  38 .
Sherman, Bridges C  28.
Smally, Castanous M- -IS.
Thomas, Ezekiel R. . . 19 .
Thomas, Hushai  44.
Thomas, Hushai C  21 .
Tripp, Rufus  21
Tufts, George F  21
Wales, John Jr  44
Warren, Alphonzo R. . . 2 1
Waterman, Alfred P. . 18
Wentworth, Orlando F.I 9
Wentworth, Franklin A. 2 4
Wentworth, Franklin. .23
Wentworth Hollis M. .23
White, John A  20

.27. .Waldoboro ... .Aug. 25
.30. .Pittston  Aug. 25

Pittston  Aug. 25
Pittston  Aug. 25
Belfast  Aug. 25
MorriU  Aug. 25
Montville  Aug. 25
Swanville  Aug. 25

Northport

.Aug. 25

Swanville  Aug.
Belfast  Aug.
Belfast  Aug-

Belfast  Aug- 25
Belfast  Aug. 25
Belfast  Aug. 25
.Belfast  Aug. 25
Pittston  Aug. 25
Warren  Aug. 25
Belfast  Aug. 2 5
Pittston  Aug. 25
Belmont  Aug. 25

. Belfast  Aug.
.Northport ....Aug.
. Rockland  Aug.
. Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
. Liberty  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
. MorriU  Aug.
. MorrUl  Aug.
.MorriU  Aug.
.Swanville  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Pittston  Aug.

.Belfast  Aug. 25
-Waldo  Aug- 25
-Belfast  Aug. 25 25
25

White, James W.

.18

Waldo  Aug.
.Waldo  Aug.
.Belfast  Aug. 25
.Belfast  Aug. 25, '62

Remarks
.Det. aST:arpenter, m. o.
.Disc. Dec. 30, '62.
. Det. as guard at hdqrs m. o.
.Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Jan. 1, '65.
. KiUed, North Anna.
. Pr. sergt. wd. North Anna, m. o.
.Wd. Strawberry Plains, in hosp. at m. u.
.KiUed, Gettysburg.
.Tr. V. R. C. Feb. 15, '64.
.Died Feb. 13, '63.
.Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
.Died Frederick City, Oct. 23, '62.
.Disc. Jan. 7, '63.
.Died Jan. 19, '63.
.Disc. Mch. 9, '64.
.Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Dec. 1, '64.
.Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
.M. o.
.Tr. V. R. C. July 3, '63.
.Wd. High Bridge, disc. May 30, '65.
.Wd. Gettysburg, died July 4, '63.
. Wd. North Anna, disc. Feb. 20, '65.
. Pr. corp- killed, North Anna.
.Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Anderson
viUe Dec. 27, '64.
. Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Aug. 27, '64.
. Wd. Spottsylvania, pris. Reams' Station prison
er at m. o.
. Disc. Jan. 2d. '64.
.Died Dec. 1, '64.
. KUled, Gettysburg.
.Died on March Nov. 4, '62.
. Pr. Corp. sergt. and com-sergt. disc. Mch. 30, '65
.M. o.
.Wd. Gettysburg, disch. June 23, '65.
. Pr. Corp. tr. to navy.
.M. o.
. Pr. sergt. mortaUy wd. WUderness, died Freder
icksburg, May 24, '64.
.Died Dec. 9, '62.
. KUled, Cold Harbor.
-Wd- Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
.Pris. Nov. 5, '64 on picket, disch. May 15, '65.
,M. o.
. Pr. q. m. sergt. and 2d. lieut. Co. E.
. Wd. Mch. 31, '65 in hosp. at m. o.
.Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch. June 12, '65.
. Pr. Corp. Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch ,
June 12, '65.
.Disc. Apr. 22, '63.
. Det. as wagoner at brig, hdqrs. m. o.
.M. o.
. Killed, Gettysburg.
.Det. as forage master, m. o.
.Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63.
.Tr. V. R. C. Feb. 15, '64.
.M.o.
. Wd. Bristoe Station, m. o.
.M. o.
,Wd. Gettysburg, died July 21, '63.
-M-o.. Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, killed Wilderness.
.M.o..Missg. Nov. 4, '62 on march from Upperville to
Ashby's Gap, reptd. des.
. Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, died July 4, '63.
. Killed, Wilderness.
.M.o..Det. in ambulance corps., m. o.
.Disc. Aug. 22, '63.
. Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Anderson
viUe, Oct. I, '64.
-M.o.

ROSTER

331

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION '
Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
WUliams, George  30. .Waldo  Aug. 25,^62. .M. o. ,. ^ t , , ,a,
WUson, Jesse A  19. .Belfast  Aug. 2S,^62. .Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, died July 3, 63.
Woodbury, Richard W.20.. Waldo  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Jan. 19, '63.
Wood, Francis C  27. .Northport  Aug. 25,^62. .Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, disc. Apr. 18, 64. 
Wording, WUliam H. .21.. Belfast  Aug. 2S,^62..Pr. corp. and sergt. red. tr. to navy.
" " Belfast  Aug. 25,^62.. Pr. corp. killed. Cold Harbor.
25,^62. .Pr. Corp. pris. Reams^ Station, m. u.
3,^64. .Pris. Reams^ Station, tr. Ist. H. A.
13, ^63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, disc. Feb. 6, 65.
.18.. Belfast  Jan. 25,^65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.18. .Searsmont  Dec. 4,^63. .Wd. Ft. HaskeU, Nov. 2, ^64, tr. 1st. H. A.
.20. .EUsworth  Feb. 8,^65. .Tr. 1st. H. A. _
.18. .Northport  Mch. 2,^65. .Tr. 1st. H. A,

Wyman, Frederick H. 22
Young, John W  24. .Belfast  Aug.
Anderson, Christian . .21 . .Portland  May
Bohnn, Adolph  25 . .Portland  Aug,

Brown, Silas ....
Brown, WUliam J,
BonEey, Roland .
Brainard, Lucius H
Carney, Michael .
Carter, Joseph . .
Copeland, Samuel
Cromwell, OUver.
Crockett, Francis
Day, George H.. .
Dickey, Harry. . .
Dooley, Thomas .

DoneU, Oilman S.
Eastman, Josiah N.
GUbreth, Francis G,
Harvey, John ....
Huzzey, John ....
Higgins, Prince D.
Johnson, Sewell H,
Jones, John 
Jose, James H. . . .
King, John 
Kimball, Daniel . .
Ludes, Charles. . . .
Maker, Edward H.
Mahew, Vinal S. .
Moore, John S. . . .
Moody, WiUiam F.
Morrison, John . . .
Peterson, Orrin I.
Peterson, Peter . .
Raymond, Elbridge G
Robinson, Arthur W. .
Ruggles, Vernon P. . .
Sawyer, Arthur M. . .
Sawyer, WiUiam R. . .
Siegers, Benjamin B.
Siegers, Samuel A. . . .
Stackpole, Sharington .23
Stuart, Francis C,
Walker, Otis ....
Welch, Thomas  35
WUbur, Joseph W. ... 26
Withiam, John B  18
Whitehouse, WUliam .24

.24. .Augusta  Sept. 29, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.44.. Belfast  Jan. '  '

..26
..30.
. .19.
..32.
..22.
. .28.

.St. George  Aug.
. Bowdoinham ,
.Belfast  Feb.

.Bath  July 17, '63.
.Webster  July 18, '63.
.Belfast  Feb. "
.Belfast  Jan.

21, '65.
16, '65.

9, '64. .Disch. June 26, '65.
-__„. 14, '63.. Cons. des. Sept. 26, '63... ¦
July 17, '63. .Cons. wd. and pris. JerusalemPlank Road, repta.
died, Oct. 18, '64.
_.  . 4,'65..Died, Apr. 26, '65.
Jefferson  July 18, '63. .Cons. des. from hosp. Sept- 5, '64-
. Winthrop  Aug. 14, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 11, '63.
.St. George  Aug. 14, '63. .Cons, missing on march near Brandy Station,
Oct. 12, '63, reported a deserter.
Cons. disc. Mch. 14, '64.
Cons. tr. 1st. H. A., abs. sick at m. u.
Tr. 1st. H. A.
  .,  --  Tr. 1st. H. A.
Carmel  Sept. 21, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
Belfast  Jan. 31, '65. .Died, May 15, ^65.
Bowdoinham . .July 17, ^63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, died, July 22, '64.
26. .Portland  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. wd. and pris. Jerusalem Plank Road.
25. .Saco  Sept. 21, ¦eS. .Cons. disc. May 18, ^65.
32. .Augusta  Aug. 15, ^63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 30, '63.
20. .SomervUle  Jan. 5, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
27 . .Lewiston  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
18. .Belfast  Feb. l,'65..Tr. 1st. H. A.
18.. Belfast  Jan. 25,'65..Tr. 1st. H. A.
Fall River,Mass May I7,'64. .MortaUy wd. Hatchers' Run, died Feb. 5. '65.
Bangor  JiUy 27, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr,. 1st. H. / .
Montville  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. des. from hosp. Jan. I, '65.
Poland  Sept. 23, '63. .Cons, wd Wilderness, tr. V. R. C.
Portland  Sept. 21, '63. .Cons. tr. to navy.
.Bowdoinham . . JiUy 17, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, disc. Apr. 3, '65.
 Tr. Ist. H. A.
Cons. disc. May, 2 '64.
Cons. wd. WUderness, disc. Jan. 9, '65.
Cons. pris. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
Cons. wd. North Anna, tr. Ist. H. A.
Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
Tr. Ist. H. A.
Aug. 12, '63.. Cons. des. Oct. 19, '63.
.Sept. 9, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 6, '65.

.42
.19. .24. .25.
.26.
.26. .19.
.35..21. .20.
.34. 22.

Belfast  Mch. I, '65.
.Farmington . . .Aug. 13, '63.
.Bath  July 17,'63.
.Bath  July 17, '63.
.Dresden  July 18, '63.
.Dresden  July 18, '63.
.Belfast  Feb. 16, '65.
21.. Mt. Vernon. ' ' ' *
36..Biddeford

.Portland  Feb. 2, '64. .KUled, Wilderness.
.Lewiston  July IS, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 15, '63.
.Portland  May 4,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
¦ LoveU  July 1, '63. .Cons. tr. Ist. H. A. abs. sick at m.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT, JUNE IS, 1864

Boggs, Emerson H.
Cameron, John . . . -
Clark, WUliam H. . ,
Clark, Abial B 
Clark, Joseph E. .

.18, .25.18
.19 .22

Cook, John  44.
Cunningham, Tacob C. 35.
Cunningham WUliam E 33 .
Dunbar, Joseph  18 .
Eaton, James B  IS .
Gray, Benjamin  41 .
HaU, Edward  20.

.Rockland  Nov. 10,'6I.
.Presque Isle ..Sept. 1,'62,
.Northport  Mch. 5, '62.
.Jefferson  Jan. 1,'64,
.Belfast  Mch. 5, '62,
.Belfast  Dec. 5, '63.
.Washington .. .Jan. I, '64,
.Washington . . .June. IS, '61.
.Belfast  Mch. 14, '64.
.Deer Isle  June IS, '61.
.Aroostook  Aug. 31, '63.
.Rockland  Sept. 9, '62.

.Abs. sick disch. exp. term of service.
.Sub. died June 17, '64 of wds. rec'd WUderness.
. Disch. term exp.
.Vet. tr. 1st. H. A.
. Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died And 'sonvUle
Oct. 2, '64.
. Pris. Wilderness, died Andersonville July 25, '64.
.Vet. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Disch. July 13, '65.
. Pr. corp. tr. Ist. H. A.
. Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
. Wd. WUderness, pr. corp. tr. Ist. H. A.

332

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Martin, Henry  24.
Meservey. Samuel L. . . 29.
MorriU, Charles W  20.
McAllister, Emery A.. .37.
Nickerson, Edward B- 25.
Norton, Simon L  30.
Parent. Solomon  36 .
Perkins, George  42 .
Pierce, James  44 .
Randall, Edward  19.
Rediker, James  24 .
Russ, John F  21.
Schwartz, James O. ...IS.
Taylor. Simeon  22 .
Thompson, Joseph . . . .24.

Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
Canada  Aug. 3 1, '63. .Sub, wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
~ ' ¦ ' ' " ¦ ¦ Vet. sergt. tr. V. R. C.
Sub. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
Sub. pris. Nov. 5, '64,tr. 1st. H. A.
Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
Sept. l,'63..Sub. wd. tr. Ist. H. A.
Aug. 29, '63.. Sub. tr. Ist. H. A.

.Rockland  Jan. 1,'64
.Lisbon  Sept. I, '63
.Milford  Aug. 29, '63
.Presque Isle . .Sept. I, '63
. Presque Isle
. Presque Isle

.Newcastle  Dec. 28,'63. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Portland  Sept. 1, '63. .Sub. wd. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Brooks  Jan. 1,'64. .Pris. Nov. 5, '64, disch. June 25, '65.
.Bangor  Sept. 1, '63. .Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
.New York  Sept. 2, '63. .Sub. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist.H.
.Camden  Mch. 13, '62. .Abs. sick at exp. of term.
.Gardiner  Jan. I, '64. .Vet. pris. Gettysburg tr. 1st. H. A.
.Rockland  Sept. 12, '62. .In hosp. at m. o.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER, 1864.
Company E
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZ-iV-TION.

Nehemiah Smart
James H. Pierce . .
George L. Merrill
Alfred E. Nickerson
RusseU F. Perkins
Mark R. Ginn 
Benjamin O. Sargent
Frank A. Patterson . .
Esburn E. Weed
WUHam B. Sawyer
Andrew D. Black
John B. Campbell
Charles B. Norris .
Alonzo Glidden . .
WUmoth Porter .
Ames, Albert ....
Atwood, John R. .
Blanchard, Thomas
Bowden, Levi . . .
Brown, John H. . .
Burgess, Benjamin
Campbell, Charles E,
Campbell, Daniel A
Carlin, Robert Jr.
Carter, WUliam A
CUley, Judah . . .
Clark. Charles . . .
Cobb, James T. .
Colson, James A.
Colson, WUliam J.
Cookson, Franklin S
Cookson, Joseph G. ,
Crane, Sewall H. . .
Curtis, Americus J.
Curtis, Nelson . . .
Dearborn, Leonard
Dickey, Manly L.
Downs, Nahum . .
Dow, Enoch C. . . .
Edwards, Joseph W,
Grant, WUliam H
Grover, Moses . .
Harriman, Charles E
Holmes, John C. ...

. .25. .SwanvUle

. .30. .Prospect  Aug. 25, '62

.Aug."2l,'62V.Pr. 2d. lieut. 1st. lieut. and capt. wd. SpottJyl-

.21.
.22.
.22.
.28..25. .21..28. .23..23. .21, .22
.39, .44.22
.20 20
.20
.36.25
.18 .21.19.1
.22
.25

vania.
.Pr. Ist. sergt. wd. Gettysburg and WUderneai
pr. 1st. lieut. co. C.
.Disch. for promotion, Dec. 28, '63.
. Wd. Wilderness, pr. 2d. and 1st. lieut. co. B.
. Red. by request, disc. Jan. 15, '63.

.Searsport  Aug. 2 5, '62.
.Swanville  Aug. 25, '62.
.Frankfort  Aug. 25,^62.
CORPORALS
.Prospect  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. to navy Apr. 15, '64.
.Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. by request, tr. V. R. C. July 27, '63.
.Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy.
.Frankfort  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Feb. 6, ^63.
.Searsport  Aug. 25,^62. . Pr. sergt. det. on color-guard, pr. 2d. lieut. co. F.
.Stockton  Aug. 25,^62. . Pr. sergt-maj. Dec. 6, ^63.
.Frankfort  Aug. 25, ^62. . Wd. Spottsylvania, in hosp. at m. o.
.Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. to navy Apr. 18, '64.
MUSICIANS
.Prospect  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Feb. 8, '63.
WAGONER
.Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. May 23, '63.
PRIVATES
.Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. WUderness, m. o.
~ ' " " ¦" Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Feb. 16, '64.
Killed, Spottsylvania.
Tr. to navy Apr. IS, '64.
Disc. Jan. 15, ^'''

.Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62.
.Stockton  Aug. 25, '62.
. Frankfort  Aug.

'63.

25, '62
.Swanville  Aug. 25, '62
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. to 4, U. S. arty,
Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
~ ' " 25, '62. ~
25, '62

, Frankfort  Aug.
. Searsport  Aug.

8.. Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. Mch. 19, '64.

Pr. corp. m.
Mortally wd. Petersburg, died July 19, '64.

.18. .18,.21,
.23, .21.
.23. .23, .25.31
.18,
.21..20..21..18. .42,
.18. .18.

.Brooks  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Aug. 30, '64.
Frankfort  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Det. 1st. R. I. arty, miss'g Gettysburg, also
reptd. des. July, 3 '63.
25, '62.. Disc. Oct. I, '63.
25, '62. .Disc. Jan. 5, '63.
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg and kiUed at Spottsylvania.
"" "" Disc. Apr. 4. ^63.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Apr. IS, '64.
Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Jan. 17, '63.
Swanville  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Spottsylvania, disch. May 11, '65.
Swanville  Aug. 25,^62. .M. o.
Manchester . . . Aug. 25,^62. . Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. July 1, '64.
Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Kalorama hosp.. Wash., Feb. 9, '64.
.Swanville  Aug. 25, '62. .MortaUy wd. Gettysburg, died July 18, '63.
Pr. sergt. killed, Gettysburg.
Pr. 1st. sergt. m. o.
Det. as Ambulance driver, m. o.
Disc. Dec. 27, '62.
Wd. Gettysburg, died fr. wounds, July 10, '63.
Det. Ist. R. I. arty. disc. June 14,'6S.

.Searsport  Aug.
. Searsport  Aug.
.Searsport  Aug.
.Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62.
.Frankfort  Aug. 25, ^62.

Stockton  Aug. 25,^62. .
.Searsport  Aug. 25,^62. .
.Prospect  Aug. 25,^62. .
. Swanville  Aug. 2 5 , '62 . .
. Searsport  Aug. 25, '62..
.Frankfort  Aug. 2S,'62. .

ROSTER

333

Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
Keene, John F.  20. .Stockton  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy Apr. 15, '64.
Low 'William H  20. .Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
Maddox, Jason  23. .Appleton  Aug. 25,'62. .M. o.
McCarty Collins Jr. . .23. .Belfast  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, arm amputated, disc. Oct.
23, '63.
McManus, J. Henry . . .21. .Thorndike  Aug. 2 5. '62. .Disc. Sept. 18, '63.
Merrill Eugene  19. .Searsport  Aug. 25,'62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
Moore James S  29. .Frankfort  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Oct. 27, '63.
Moore, John B  18. .Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. Apr. IS, '64.
Morrow, Robert  23. .Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
Morman, Alpheus F. . . 18. .Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
Nason, James E  20. .Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. as ambulance driver, m. o.
Nichols, MUton W. ... 2 1 .. Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. WUderness, pr. sergt. m. o.
Nickerson, John E  20. .Swanville  Aog. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, killed. Wilderness.
Nickerson, John F  18.. SwanvUle  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Mch. 8, '65.
Nickerson, Ruel  26. .Swanville  Aug. 25, '62. .Mortally wd. Gettysburg, died, July 18, '63.
Nickerson, Fred A  20. .SwanvUle  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pr., corp. killed, Spottsylvania.
Nickerson, Andrew H. 20. .SwanvUle  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. July 15, '63.
Patterson. Isaac W. . .18. .Prospect  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp. mortally wd. Wilderness, died May 21,
'64.
Pease, Samuel 0  29. .Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Pris. May 21, '64, Mattapony river, died, Ander
sonviUe, Aug. 2l, '64.
Pendleton, Levi A. .. .29. .Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Dec. 17, '62.
Scribner, Herbert T. .. 1 8 .. Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. July 27, '63.
Shaw. James H  39. .Brunswick . . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp. mortally wd. North Anna, died June, 8
'64.
Sheldon, Edward B.. . .23. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, arm amputated, disc. Oct.
23, '63.
Staples, Robert F  23. .Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Corp., killed, Spottsylvania.
Staples, Peleg S  18. .Stockton  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. Ist. R. I. arty. wd. Boydton Road, disch.
June IS, ¦es.
Staples, Andrew Jr. . . .20. .Stockton  Aug. 25,^62. .Tr. batt. C. 4, U. S. arty.
Stinson, Alfred  20. .Prosoect  Aug. 25,^62. .Tr. V. R. C. July 27, ^63.
Strout, Parish L  24. .SwanvUle  Aug. 25, ^62. .Wd. Spottsylvania, tr. V. R. C.
Smith, Stephen  33. .Swanville  Aug. 25, ^62. .Disc. Jan. 5, '63.
Spalding, Isaac L  18 . . Frankfort  Aug. 25,'62 . . Apptd. musician m. o.
Sweetser, James  18. .Searsport  Aug. 25,^62. .Tr. to navy Apr. 15, ¦64.
Treat, James M  22. .Stockton  Aug. 25,^62. . Disc. Feb. 7, ^63.
Trundy. Octavius H. .18. .Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Jan. S, '63.
TurnbuU, Franklin . . .21. .Frankfort  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Reptd. des. Apr. 2, '63.
Waning, Freeman  20. .Frankfort  Aug. 25, '62. .Apptd. musician, m. o.
Waterhouse, Fred L. . .23 . .Searsport  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, abs. sick at m. o.
West, Amos W  18. .Frankfort  Aug. 2S,'62..Wd. WUderness, disc. Dec. 14, ^64.
Woodbury, Stephen E. 25. .Searsport  Aug. 2S,'62. .Pr. corp. disch. June 9, ^65.
RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION
Bassett, Samuel  21. .Winterport . . .Jan. 26,^65. .Wd. High Bridge, disch. June 17, ^65.
Baker, John  21. .Winterport . . .Jan. 28,^65. .Tr. Ist. H. A. abs. sick at m. o.
Blake, SewaU B  20. .Dexter  Aug. 12, '63. .Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
Bray, Herman L  18. .Winterport . . .Jan. 28, '65. .Wd. Mch. 28, '65 disch. June 8, '65.
- Carr, John  21 . .Portland  Aug. 12, '63. .Sub. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, Ander
sonville, Sept. IS, ^64.
CampbeU, Augustus . .18. .Livermore  Aug. 18,^63. .Sub. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
Christy, George A  30. .Sedgwick  Mch. 4, '65. .Disch. May 13, '65.
Clark, John  26. .Portland  Aug. 12, '62. .Sub. tr. Ist. H. A.
Colson, Stephen  22. .Winterport ...Jan. 2S,'65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Cook, Henry  33. .Portland  Aug. 12, '63. .Sub. tr. to navy Apr. 15, '64.
Crocker, Orrin B  22 . .Stockton  Aug. 5, '63. .Cons. tr. to navy Apr. 15, '64.
Currier, John M  18. .Anson  Jan. '65. .Died Jan. 18, '65.
Dean, Austin H  18. .Frankfort  Feb. I8,'6S. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
Doyle, Henry A  34. .Augusta  Aug. 8, '63. .Sub. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
Eaton, James  20. .Winterport . . . Jan. 26, '65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Farr, William  20. .Lewiston  Aug. 8, '63. . Sub. killed, WUderness.
Frazier, MUton W. . . .25. .Ellsworth  Jan. 26,^65. . Disch. May 13, ¦eS.
Freeman, MarceUus . . .25. .Augusta  Aug. 17,^63. .Sub. pris. Reams^ Station, disch. June 5, '65.
Foley, John  21.. Paris  Aug. 8,'63 . . Sub. pris. WUderness, died AndersonvUle, June
IS, ^64.
George, Henry A  21. .New Sharon . .Jan. 5, '64. .Disch. July 16, '65.
Gould, Rufus H  21. .Jefferson  July 20,'63. .Sub. killed. Wilderness.
Hartshorn, John A. . ..21. .Swanville  Aug. 29, '63.. Sub. wd. North Anna, tr. Ist. H. A.
Hartshorn, Cyrus  18. .SwanvUle  Dec. 24,'63. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Herris, (or Harris),
Harvey T  19. .SwanvUle  Dec. 19, '63. .Wd. Spottsylvania, abs. tr. 1st. H. A.
Hopkins, Charles W. . .23. .Ellsworth  Jan. 26, '65. .Disch. May 13, '65.

334

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
SwanviUe  Dec. 19, '63. . Pr. corp. tr. 1st. H. A.
Swanville  Jan. 1,'64. . Wd. Wilderness, abs. at m. o. tr. 1st. H. A.

Huff, James H  18
Huff, JohnB  44
Jones, WUliam  29

Jones, Marshall ....
Knowles, Reuben Jr.
Lowe, Arthur D 
March, Joseph 
Merten, Ernest 
Patterson, Otis B. . .
Pendleton, Lewis E..
Philbrick Augustus L,
Pinkham, John C . .
Pooler, Joseph 
Perkins, Daniel W.. .
Pumero, Thomas. . . .
Savage, Jacob 
Sanborn, Isaac L. . .
Sargentson, John . . .
'Tibbetts, Kingsbury.
Treat, Winfield S.. . .
Trefethen, Benjamin F
Trollop, William
Tyzaac, Henry N
Turner, George T
Waldron, Sidney.
Wharff, Edwin D.
WUley, Simon H.

.Portland  Aug. 12, '63.. Sub. pris. Cold Harbor, died AndersonvUle,
Aug. 16, '64.
.Somerville  July 18, '63. .Tr. Ist. H. A. abs. at m. o.
.Bradford  Aug. I4,'63. .Cons. disc. Mch. 29, '65.
.Frankfort  Sept. 7, '63. .Sub. disch. May 23, '65.
.Bradford  Sept. 16, '63.. Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Bangor ...... .Aug. 12, '63.. Sub. died. May 28, '64.
.SwanviUe  Aug. 25, '63. .Sub. pr. corp. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Frankfort  Apr. 12, '65. .Disch. May 13, '65, never joined company.
.Belfast  Aug. 14, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
Washington . . .Aug. 18, '63. -Sub. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist. H. A,
Sub. wd. Wilderness, disch. June 6, '65.
Tr. 1st. H. A., abs. sick at m. o.
Tr. 1st. H. A. abs. sick at m. o.
Sub. tr. Ist. H. A.
Newport  Aug. 16, '63. .Cons. pris. Mine Run, died in rebel prison
.Tremont  Sept. 26,^63. .Sub. wd. Wilderness, date of disch. not shown.
.Springfield . . . .Aug. 15, ^63. .Sub. disc. Dec. 16, ¦64.
.Bradford  Sept. 7, '63. . Sub. died, Jan. 19, '64.
Sub. killed, North Anna.
Sub. wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist. H. A.
Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road tr. 1st. H. A.

.Waterville  Sept. 9, '63
.Limerick  Oct. 5, '64
.Whitefield  Oct. 5, '64
.Gardiner  Aug. 8, '63

C.Elizabeth ..Aug. IS, '63
.Farmington ...Aug. 14, ^63
Portland  July 13, '63

. Prospect  Feb.
Frankfort  Apr.

-Fremont pl.

4,'64. .Tr. to navy Apr. 15, '64.
14, '65. .Disc. May 13, '65.

Exeter  Sept. 17, ^63.

.Aug. 15, ¦63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, disch. June 13, ^65.

Sub. pris. Mine Run, died AndersonvUle, July
10, ¦64.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE 15, 1864.

Bullen, Joseph S. .
Colson, Otis 
Fanaughty, David .
Farnham, Joseph E,
Fickett, Moses D. .
Gray, Nathan 
Gipson, John N. . . .
Grindle, Andrew . .
Holmes, Hiram C. . .
Hubbard, Moses H.
Hughey, David . . .
Hutchins, Albert E.
Howe, James 
KUgore, Frank . . . .
Knowles, Benjamin
Murphy, Alvin . . . .
Poor, Charles D. . .
Richards, Elisha P.
Roberts, Benjamin
Shales, WUliam H.
Sylvary, George H..
Taylor, George W. .
Thomas, John . . . .
Tyler, John A 
Weir, Wilson 
White, Daniel C. . . .
Whitten, Elisha. . . .
WUton, Charies F. .
Winslow, Nathan S.

.18. .18,
.39,.25..39.
.21. .36..40..18. .30.21,.20,.20,.20.30.18.18
.33.

.SwanviUe  Aug.
.Winterport . . .Dec.
.Belfast  Aug.
.Knox  Nov.
. Swanville  Aug.
.Sedgwick  Nov.
.Boston  Aug.
. BluehiU  Nov.
. Bucksport  July
. Bangor  Aug.
. Bangor  Aug.
. SwanvUle  Aug.
, Arrowsic  Aug.
.Waterford  Aug.
. Jackson  Mch.
. Portland  Aug.
.Belfast  Feb.
.Thomaston ...Aug.

25, '63.
30, '62.
25, '63.
9, '61.
2S,'63. 9, '61.
29, '63.
9, '61.
20,'6I. 20, '63.
9, '63.
21, '63.
28, '63,
24,'63, 30,'64. 2, '63,
28,'62.
28,'62.

.45. .Brooks. . .

..Dec. 5, '63,

.19.. Belfast  Feb. 5, '62
.26. .Newport, R. I.. Aug. 21, '63.
.19. .Richmond. ... .Aug. 5,^63.
.28. .Belfast  Aug. 22, ^63.
. 2 1 .. Richmond  Aug. 26,^63.
.21. .Richmond. . . .Aug. 22,^63.
.18. .Clinton  Aug. 27, ^63.
.18.. Clinton  Aug. 19, ^63.
.20. .Clinton  Aug. 20, '63.
.19.. Albion  May S,'63-

Winslow, Vernon E.. . .20. .Casco  Jan. 4, '64

.Cons. pr. Corp. tr. 1st. H. A.
-Pr- Corp. wd- Petersburg, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Wd. Reams' Station disc. Nov. 27, '64.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A., abs. sick at m. o.
.Wd. Wilderness, never joined company.
.Cons. tr. 1st. H. A;
. Wd. Wilderness, never joined company.
.Disch. July 28, '64, exp. of serv.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons, killed on picket, Oct. 7, '64.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. pr. Corp. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Vet. wd. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Dec. 17, '64.
.Wd. Reams^ Station, disch. exp. of serv.
. Wd. Cold Harbor, pris. Reams' Station, disc.
July 31, 65.
. Pns. Reams' Station, died Rebel prison, Nov
ember. 23 '64.
. . Pr. sergt. died Jan. 28, '64.
.Sub., killed, Petersburg, June 13, '64.
.Sub. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Sub. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Sub. tr. V. R. C.
.Sub. died, June 2S, '64.
.Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Sub. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Sub. pris, Totopotomoy, died, Andersonville,
Aug. 13, '64.
.Wd.WUderness, tr. 1st H. A.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY
NOVEMBER 1864.
Solon

IN

Cross, Hannibal H..
Gordon, Daniel E. .
Gove, Alonzo E. . .
Jones, Charles F. . .
Peavey, Charles . . .
Peterson, Louis . . .
Sargent, Edward B.

.18. .18.
.21..18..20..27..25.

. . .Oct.
. Readfield  Oct.
Windsor  Oct.
Norridgewock . Oct.
Anson  Oct.
Whitefield  Oct.
Boothbay  Oct.

5, '64.. Disc. July 21, '64.
5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '64. .Disch. June 8, '65.
5,'64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '64. .Disch. June 9, '65.

ROSTER

335

Company F.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMP.\NY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.
Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
SERGEANTS
Almon Goodwin  22. .Baldwin  Aug. 25,;62. .Pr. 2d lieut.
Amaziah E. Googins .33 . .Litchfield  Aug. 25, 62. .Disc. Apr. 9. 63. j-j ti,,» ¦«!
ThomasT Ridelut ... 2 1 .. Bowdoinham .. Aug. 2S,'62. . Pr. 1st. sergt. wd Gettysburg, died, July 18, 63.
Oliver R. SmaU  23 . . W. Gardiner . . -Aug. 2 S ,;62 . . Pr. 2d. and 1st lieut^ co. E capt. co K.
OrvUle G. Tuck  22. .HalloweU  Aug. 25,'62. .Pr. capt. Sth. U. S. C. T. Oct. 15, 63.
CORPORALS
William A Wood . . . .19. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25,'62- -Pr. sergt.-maj., Mch. 22, '64, pris. North Anna.
Charles E.DUlingham 36. .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 2S,'62. .Pr. sergt red. at own request, abs. sick at m. o.
Daniel W. Starbird . .39 . .Bowdoin  Aug. 25,^62 .Disc. Mch. 3, 63
Andrew J. Goodwin ...35.. Litc'nfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. wd. WUderness, m.o.
WiUiam Gray  42. .Monmouth  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. at own request, disc Feb 22, 63.
Fostfer Philip H  28..Topsham  Aug. 25, ^62. . Pr. 1st. sergt., pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch.
June, 11 '65.
Henry A Ham  26. .Wales  Aug, 25, ¦62. -Red. abs. sick at m. o.
Daniel W. Robinson . 2 1 .. Litchfield  Aug. 25, '62 . Red. disc. June 3, 63.
MUSICIANS
Henry H. WiUiams . .23 . .Bowdoin  Aug. 25, '62 -M-O. ^. ,^,^. j ^ .. i,
Lauriston Chamberlain 23 . . Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25. '62. - Pr- prm. mus. Feb. 12, 64, wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
PRIVATES
Adams, Charles H. ... 18. .Litchfield  Aug. 25, '62. . Died, Bolivar, Va., Oct. 20, '62.
Adams, Franklin  21 . .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr- sergt-, 1st. sergt., and 2d. lieut. Co. D.
Adams, SUas  21. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. -Pr. sergt. disch. Sept. 10, 64, pr. capt. co. B.,
41st. U. S. C. T.
Allen, James H  21.. Monmouth  Aug. 25, '62 .Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63.
Arris, George A  18. .Topsham  Aug. 2 5, '62 .- Pris. while on picket, Nov. S, 64, m. o.
Berry, Andrew J  26. .Topsham  Aug. 25, ^62. . Pr. corp. killed, North Anna.
Blake, Samuel T  26. .Monmouth . . . .Aug. 25, ^62. -Wd. Spottsylvania, died of wounds, June 5, 64.
Bowe, James H  19. .Bowdoin  Aug. 25, ^62- -Det. batt. B. 1st. R. I. arty, pr- corp- m. o.
Brann, John E  22. .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25,^62. .Pr. sergt., wd. WUderness, m. o.
Bubier, Thomas L. ...25. .Leeds  Aug. 25,^62. .Tr. V. R. C. Sept. I, ^63.
Buker, John S. 2 7 .. Litchfield  Aug. 25,^62. . Disc. Feb. 12, ^63.
Burke, Cyrus E  34. .Litchfield  Aug. 25,^62. .M. o.
Chase, George E  18. .Topsham  Aug. 25, ^62. .Killed on picket, Oct. 22, ^64.
Chase, James F  18. .Topsham  Aug. 25,^62. .Wd. Morton^s Ford, m. o.
Cole, Daniel M  21. .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25,^62. .Died, July 30, ^63.
Corey, Robert H  27. .Topsham  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. in ambulance coros., m, o-
Crane, Jonathan  23. .Topsham  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Wilderness, pr. corp. m. o.
Crosby, William H. . . .43. .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. Dec. 2, '63.
Davis, John H  30. .Litchfield  Aug. 25, '62. .On det. serv. in arty. brig. m. o.
Dennett, Moses S  24. .Lewiston  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. and 1st. sergt., killed. Wilderness.
DunneU, Edwin L. ... 18. .Monmouth  Aug. 25.'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Nov. 15, '63.
DonneU, Loring P ... .23. .Monmouth . ,. .Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Oct. 5, '62, at Washington, D. C.
Dunlap, James G  25. .Topsham  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, June 5, '63.
Durgin, George T  33. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
Fairbanks, Edwin  21 . .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
Forrest, WUliam A. . . .28. .HalloweU  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Feb. 16, '63.
Gardiner, Israel A. .. .22 . .Richmond  Aug. 25, '62. .M.o.
GetcheU, Philip P  19. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp., wd. WUderness, m. o.
Gilbert, Addison D. . . .18. .l.eeds  Aug. 25, '62. .Pris. Spottsylvania, disch. June 12, '65.
Given, Simeon S  22 . .Bowdoinham ..Aug. 25, '62. .M.o.
Glass, Rufus P  19. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. .Captured July 20, '63, disch. June 12. '65.
GoweU, John D  18. .Litchfield  Aug. 25,'62. .M. o.
Gowell, Nathaniel O. . 18. .Litchfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Anderson
viUe, Jan. II, '65.
Greenleaf, Joseph D. . .21 . .Litchfield  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Disc. Dec. 27, '63.
Grover, Alfred  20. .W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
Gross, Joshua F  20. .Brunswick . . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. red. tr. to navy Apr. 1, '64.
Hall, Alanson G  42. .Monmouth . . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Apr. 9, '63.
Hamlin, David  35. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Apr. 10, '63.
Hanscom, Moses C  20. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 2 5, '62. . Pr. corp. m. o.
Harmon, Stephen  31 . .Litchfield  Aug. 25, '62. .Admitted to Insane asylum Wash.., D. C. Oot.
19, '63, where he died later.
Harrington, Charles D. 43. .Topsham  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o,
Hodgman, George W. .31. .Wales  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. provost guard, m. o.
House, George M  18. .Topsham  Aug. 25, '62. .Abs. sick at m. o.
Howe, Joseph E  44. .HalloweU  Aug. 25,'62..Tr. V. R. C. May 29, '63.
Jacques, Nathaniel P. .25. .Bowdoinham . .Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp. and sergt. red. at own request m o
Jaquith, James  30. .Monmouth . . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp., died Dec. I, '62.
Keen, Calvin B  27. -Leeds  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, abs. at m. o.

336

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Lake, Henry H.
Leavett, Frank M  24. 19.18.
21. 19.
20.
21. 26.

Age Residence

.21.. Lewiston  Aug,

Maxwell, Rufus S,
Nickerson, William J.
Palmer, Thomas L. . . .
Perry, George S 
Plummer, Augustus B
Potter, Roscoe H 
Powers, James W. . . .
Priest, WUbur F 
Richards, John 
Richardson, Lorenzo M 19

25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.

Ridley, Thomas R
Rose, 'Thomas S. . . .
Shorey, WUliam H.
Small, WUliam S. .
Smith, John Day . .
Smith, Horace L  22
Smith, Samuel  28
Spear, Alvin  18
Spear, Franklin  18
Spear, Richard H  27
Stackpole, WUliam R. 19
Starbird, Alonzo R. . . .23
Stevens, Hicks V  21
Stevens, James O  24

Thompson";XeanderC. 38.
Tobey, Joseph H  21.
Tozier, WiUiam A  44.
Turner, Anson  21.
Ward, George  41 .
Wentworth, Rueben A. 30.
White, Edward P  19.

Bowdoinham . . Aug,
Bowdoin  Aug,
Topsham  Aug,
Hallowell  Aug.
Litchfield  Aug.
W. Gardiner . . Aug.
W.Gardiner . .Aug. 25, '62.
Litchfield  Aug. 2 5, '62.
.24. .China  Aug,
37.. Bowdoinham . . Aug,
Litchfield  Aug.
. .23. .Bowdoinham . .Aug.
. . 22 . . Greene  Aug.
. . 19. .Monmouth . . . .Aug.
. .24. .Wales  Aug.
. .18. .Litchfield  Aug.

25, '62. .
25, '62..

.Litchfield  Aug.
.Litchfield  Aug.
.W. Gardiner . .Aug.
.W. Gardiner . .Aug.
.W. Gardiner . .Aug.
. Hallowell  Aug.
.Bowdoin  Aug.
.Bowdoinham . .Aug.
.Litchfield  Aug.

.Monmouth . . . .Aug.
.Somerville  Aug.
.Monmouth . . . .Aug,
.Gardiner  Aug. 25, '62.
.Bowdoin  Aug. 25, '62.
. Hallowell  Aug,
.Monmouth . . . .Aug,

White, George O.
Work, Joseph P.

..23..22

.HalloweU  Aug. 25, '62
.Topsham  Aug. 25, '62

Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service 25,'62. .Tr. to 4, U. S. arty., Oct. 21, 63.
.Disc. May 12, '65.
. Wd. Totopotomoy, abs. at m. o.
. Hosp. attendant, regtl. hdqrs. m. kj.
. Det. as guard at hdqrs. m. o.
.M. o.
. Disch. for pr. regular army, Oct. 6, '64.
. Det. as provost guard hdqrs. m. o,
Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 20, '64.
Died, Feb. 3, '63
Pr. corp. m. o.
25,'62. . Wd. Petersburg, died Apr. 13, '65.
25, '62.. Disc. May 17, '64.
25,'62..M. o.
25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, died, July 4, '63.
25, 62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Mch. 4, '64.
25, '62. .Pr. Corp., wd. Gettysburg det. color-guard, wd.
Jerusalem Plank Road, disc. Apr. 16, '65.
25, '62.. Disc. Feb. 6, '63.
25, '62. . Pr. Corp. and sergt. abs. sick at m. o.
25, '62. .Det. as guard at hdqrs. m. o.
25, '62.. Died, Feb. 4, '63.
25,'62..Pr. corp, and sergt. killed, Jerusalem Plank
Road.
25, '62.. Disch. June 6, '65.
25, '62.. Disc, Mch. 3, '63.
25, '62. .Died, Washington, D. C, Dec. 24, '62.
25, '62. .Captured July 20, .63, by guerrillas whUe on
march from Manassas Gap to White Pla-.ns
died, Libby Prison, Feb. 27, '64.
Disc, May 27, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
Disc, Jan. 16, '63.
Pr. Corp. m. o.
Disc,. Mch. 5, '63.
Pr. corp. red. tr. V. R. C. Aug. 8, '64.
Wd. North Anna and High Bridge, disch.
July 26, '65.
Wd. Gettysburg, disc, Dec. 27, '63.
Disc, Sept. 25, '63.

25, '62.
25, '62.
25, '62.

25, '62.
25, '62.

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION

Babcock, Augustine . .23
Baker, Thomas A. . . . ; 18
Briggs, Justus C  19
Byron, Owen  25
-¦" - - ¦ - 21
22,
21. 19.
21.
43. li

. Belfast  Aug.
.Belfast  Sept.

9, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
18, '63. .Cons. wd. WUde-ness, also wd. and pris. at Straw
berry Plains, tr. 1st. H. A.

Clifford, Charies T.
Clark, Charles F..
Cole, WUliam. . . .
Collins, Lora H. .
Curtis, Phineas . .
Durgin, Alonzo A
Gage, Fred 
Gloid, William M  21
Harvey, Albert  24

.Turner  Mch. 10, '64. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Anderson
ville, Aug. 8, '64.
.Ellsworth  Feb. 3, '65. .Disch. July II, '65.
.Augusta  July 15, '63. .Cons. abs. sick at m. u., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Bangor  Sept. 22, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Deer Isle  Dec. 31,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
10, '63..
2, '65..
13, '64..
16, '64..
22, '63.

.Lewiston  Aug
. Swanville  Feb.
. Bowdoinham . . Jan.
.Augusta  Aug,
.Belfast  Aug,
. SwanvUle  Feb,

Hefferan, Thomas  27 . .Portland  Aug.

Higgins, Dennis  27
Howard, WiUiam  22
Jackson, Thomas J. . . .20
Jerald, Walter  23

Johnson, Roscoe  18 .
Johnston WUliam  26 .
King, Michael  19.
Layois, Maxim  27.
Lemont, W. Henry. ... 19 .
McCabe, James  24.
Morris, George  20.
Murphy, Timothy  29 .
Perrington. Charles W. IS . . W. Bath  Jan.
Pinkham, Levi  20. . Belfast  Aug.

. Portland  Aug.
. Bangor  July
. Thomaston . . . Aug.
. Lewiston  Aug.
. Portland  Aug.
. Portland  Aug.
.Lewiston  Mch.
.Lewiston  Mch.
.W. Bath  Jan.
. Portland  Aug.
Lewiston  Aug.
.Orono  Aug.

Cons, disc, Dec. 8, '63.
Tr. Ist. I^. A.
Disc, Apr. 26, '64.
No record found.
Cons., died Nov. 17, '63.
I,'65..Tr. Ist. H. A.
4, '63. .Cons. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, disc Jan. 6
'65.
.Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Abs. sick at m. o., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. pr. corp. and sergt. wd. Bristoe Station
and Spottsylvania, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. des. to enemy while on picket Sept. 1 8, '63.
.Wd. Spottsylvania, disc. July 16, '64.
. Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Tr. 1st. H. A. i, '63.
A.A.

22, '63
18, '63
12, '63
8, '63
19, '63
19, '63
10, '64
23, '64
12,^65 19, '63
12, '63

Cons. des. Nov.
Cons. tr. Ist. H
12, '63.. Cons. tr. 1st. H
12,'65..Tr. 1st. H. A.
8, '63. .Cons tr. Ist. H.

ROSTER

337

Name Age Residence Mustered into Rf.m\rks
U. S. Service
Pritchard, John  20. .Belfast  Aug. 26, '63. .Cons, died, Apr. 19, ^64.
Ricker, Leonard B. . . .22. .Belfast  Sept. 5, '63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station and died a prisoner
Nov. 5, '64.
Rose, MorrUl  32. .Augusta  July 21, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc, Dec. 10, '64.
Smith, Hubbard C  28. .Augusta  July 18, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 14, '64.
Spinney. Archie  28. .Belfast  Sept. 2, '63. -Cons. abs. sick during serv., tr. 1st. H. A.
Stone, Marcus M  21 . .Lewiston  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. abs. sick, tr, 1st. H. A.
Strange, WiUiam  29. .Belfast  Sept. 11, '63. .Cons. wd. Bristoe Station, tr. V. R. C. June 15,
'64.
Sweeney Patrick  30.. Lewiston  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons. pris. Spottsylvania, died, Anderson
viUe, Aug. 27, '64.
Tenney, Dexter B. . . .33. .Belfast  Sept. 2, '63. .Cons, killed, WUderness.
Vinal, Robert A  28. .Belfast  Sept. 3, '63.. Cons. disc. Apr. 12, '64.
Wade, Charles H  18. .Augusta  July 21, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Wheeler, James T  20. .Augusta  Sept. I0,'63. . Disch. June 14, '65.
SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE IS, 1864.
Armstrong, PhUip R. . 18. .Belmont  Aug. 27, '63. .Cons. pris. while on picket, Nov. 5, '64, tr. Ist
H.A.
Barrett, Frank A  20. .Canaan  July 30, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Bray, Patrick  20. .Lewiston  Aug. 26, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
Crowley, George A. . . .21 . .Topsham  Aug. 28, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Culombe, Frederick . . .21 . .LincolnvUle . . .Jan. I, '64. . Vet. wd. and pris. Strawberry Plains, tr. 1st. H.A
Curtis, Frank A  20. .Bangor  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons^r. Corp., tr. 1st. H. A.
Frohock, Thomas L. . .34. .Belfast  Mch. 15, ¦64. .Wd. WUdemess, May 5, disc. Jan. 20, '65.
Hustus, Daniel  46. .Unity  Dec. 22,'63. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Tones, Freeman  30. .Washington . . .Jan. 1,'64. .Vet. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist.H. A.
Jordan, Isaac  32. .Monroe  Aug.. 12, '62. .Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, Anderson
viUe, Feb. 6, '65.
Marsden, George O. . . .32 . .Portland  Aug. 29, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist. H. A.
McCarrick, Franklin. . .20. .Calais  Aug. 28, '63. .Cons, disch. June 8, '65.
Mixer, Joel  36. .Knox  Feb. 26, '64. -Mortally wd. Totopotomoy, died, June 17, '64.
Morse, Hezekiah D. . . .37. .Poland  Aug. 28, '63. .Cons. pris. Ft. HaskeU, Nov. 30, '64, died in pris.
Millen, Ga.
Nutting, Josiah  20. .Canaan  July 31, '63. .Cons. wd. Willdemess, disc, Jan. 26, '65.
Overlock, Warren ... .23 . .Washington . . .Jan. 1,'64. . Vet. wd. Gettysburg, tr. Ist.H. .\.
Rideout, Thomas  22. .Belfast  July 29, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Ricker, Ivory  18. .Monroe  Aug. 28, '63. .Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
Rollins, Edward  27. .Brooks  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. Wd. WUdemess, disc. Dec. 20, '64.
Rowe, WUliam C  28. .Brooks  Sept. 4,'62..Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, pris. Ft. HaskeU,
Nov. 5, '64, disch., June 12, '65.
Russ, Robert F  22. .Belfast  Aug. 18, '63. .Tr. fr. co. C. sub., wd. Apr. 28, '64, tr. V R C
Stickney, Amos  1 8 .. Swanville  Dec. II, '63. .Tr. Ist.H. A.
Thompson, Chas. H. Jr 27. .Winterport . . .Jan. 1,'64. .Vet. tr. 1st. H. A.
Washburn, Horatio U. 19. .Bangor  Aug. I7,'63. .Cons. tr. V. R. C. Nov. 11, '64
Webb, Edward  45. .Brooks  Jan. 4,'64. .Disc. Mch. 10, '65.
Wheaton, Luther  21 . .Greenbush . . . .Sept. 2, '63. .Cons, never joined co. tr. 1st. H. A.
Whitney, Joshua B. . . 19. .Greenbush . . . .Aug. 25, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
Wood, Charles A  18. .Belfast  Jan. 1, '64. .Vet. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st- H. A.
SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER 1864
Cimningham, James H.I8 . . W. Gardiner . .Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Tumer, James  27. , Readfield  Oct. 5, '64. .Disc Jan. 26, '65.
Company G.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY .AT ITS ORGANIZATION
SERGEANTS
Loring Farr  28. .Manchester . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 2d. and 1st. lieut.
WUliam T. C. Wescott 21. .Augusta  Aug. 2S,'62. .Pr. 1st. sergt., disc. July 28, '63
George A. Barton ... .22. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 2d. lieut.
William O. Tibbetts . .25. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, for promotion, Mch 14 '64
Albert N. WUliams . . .24. .Augtista  Aug. 25, '62. .MortaUy wd. Gettysburg, died, July 3 '63
CORPORALS
Benjamin H. Wescott .31. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Oct. 30, '63.
Albert H. Packard . . .30. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. disch. for pr. Mch. 21 '64
Walter Jordan  32. .ChestervUle  Aug. 25,'62. .Pr. sergt., wd. Wilderness, m. o
WUham P. Worthing . 19. .China  Aug. 25,'62. .Wd. Spottsylvania, disc. Dec 31, '64
Orrin P. Smart  28. .Augusta  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pr. corp., wd. Jerusalem Plank
Road, m.o.
Thomas H. KimbaU . .23. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Feb. 8, '63.
Edward H Hicks  31. .Augusta  Aug. 2S,'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy, Apr 23 '64
George L. Perkins ... 32 -. New Sharon . .Aug. 25, '62. .KUled, Gettysburg. .-. k-

338

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

N ;ME Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
MUSICIANS
- -Chesterville- - . .Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Served as priv., wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
WAGONER
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Served as priv., wd. Gettysburg, disch. June 26,
'65.
PRIVATES
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. missg. Gettysburg, supposed dead.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Frederickburg, tr. V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, Apr. 27, '63.
. .China  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, Jan. 15, '63.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62- -Tr- to navy Apr- 23, '64.
, .China  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. WUderness, m. o.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. .Mortally wd. Gettysbrug, died July 10, '63.
, .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. sergt., killed Wilderness.
. .Augusta  Aug. 2 5, ¦62. .Pr. corp. m. o.
. .China  Aug. 25, '62.. Disc. Feb. II, '63.
, .Palermo  Aug. 25,^62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
.Augusta  Aug. 25,^62. .Disc. Feb. 18, '63.
. -ChestervUle- - . .Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. WUdemess, tr. V. R. C.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. May 5, '63.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. . Killed, Reams' Station.
. .China  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Feb. 22, '63.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62- -Disc. Mch. 5, '64.
. .Chesterville. . . -Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. to navy Apr. 23, '64.
- -Vassalboro  Aug- 25, '62- -Tr. V. R. C- Sept- 1, '63-
- -Chesterville- . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. WUdemess disc. Dec. 17, '64.
- -Augusta  Aug- 25, ^62- -M. o.
- -Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Apr. 10, '63.
- -Augusta  Aug- 25, '62. .Disc Apr. 10, '64.
, .Augusta  .Aug. 25, '62- -Det- serv- m- o-
, -Augusta  Aug, 25, '62 - .Det- serv. m. o.
- -China  Aug- 25, '62- - Pr- corp- m- o.
- -China  Aug- 25, '62- -Disc- Apr. 9, '63.
, .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .M- o-
, -Chesterville- - . .Aug. 25, '62. -Wd- Fredericksburg, disc. Apr. 10, '63.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. -Disc- Jan- 4, '63-
- -Windsor  Aug- 25, '62- - Det- orderiy Ist brig- hdqrS- m. u.
.Mt. Vernon  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Mch. 2, '63.
.Mt. Vernon. . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pris. Jerusalem Plank Road,
disch. June 12, '65.
.China  Aug. 25, '62. -Wd. WUdemess, disch. June 12, '65.
.China  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disch June 3, '65-
. China  Aug- 25, '62. . KiUed, Haymarket, Va., June 25. '63.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Jan. 12, '63.
.Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62 . .Killed, Wilderness.
.China  Aug. 25, '62 . .Pr. corp. wd. WUderness, tr. V. R. C.
Nov. 15. '64.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .KUled, WUderness.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Ist sergt. m. o.
. .Augusta  Sept. 2, '62. . Pris- Bristoe Station, exchanged m. u.
, .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62, , Wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died Andersonville,
Sept. 12, '64, date of death also reptd. Nov. 22 .
. -Dresden  Aug- 25, '62- - M. o-
- -Augusta  Aug. 25, '62- - Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, disc. Feb. 5, '64.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. ,M- O-
- Windsor  Aug- 2 5, '62 -- Reptd. des. July 2, '63.
. .Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. corp. kUled, Wilderness.
. -Augusta  Aug- 25. '62- -Died Dec- 14, '62-
- -Windsor  Aug- 25, '62- -D^sc- Feb. 17, '63.
. -Augusta  Aug- 2 5, '62- - Wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, disc. Jan. 14, '6 5.
. .Chesterville. . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Boydton Road, abs. at m. o.
. -Augusta  Aug- 25, '62. .Pris. Reams' Station paroled, m. o.
. .China  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Sept. 22, '63,
. .Nobleboro  Aug. 25, '62. .Abs. sick at m. o.
. .China  Aug. 25. '62. .Disc Mch. 13, '63.
. .China  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. m. o.
. .Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. corp. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, died
David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, July 22, '64.
-21- -Augusta  Aug. 25,'62. .M. o.
.21. .China  Aug. 2 5, '62- . Pr. sergt. m. o.

Asel B. Dorsett  43
Hampton W. Leighton 18
George A. Hussey .... IS

Andrews, George W. . .27
Barter, Gilmore T. ...21
Brown, Joseph L  30
BurrUl, John  35
CaU, Albert  31
Carpenter, Thomas E. 33
CarroU, Charles J  18
Chapman, George W.. . 22
Chadwick, Judah A.. . .42
Clark, Thomas F  33
Cowan, John F  19
Cunningham, Uriah ..25-
Dain, Andrew J  25
Dockendorf, James W- - 20
Doe, George F  32
Dow, George L  26
Dunton, Yeaton  24
Fuller, George S  32
Gardiner, George H.. . .19
GiU, Elijah  23
Grady, William 0  18
HalloweU, John Jr  42
Harlow, Warren C  25
HaskeU, Abner  24
HaskeU, Alfred  31,
Haskell, Joseph H  19
HaskeU, Oscar H  25
HaskeU, WUHam A  2S
Holmes, Horace  27
Hyson, Ira B  21
Hyson. Jeremy D  22
Jackman, William C. . .43.
Jackman, William H.. . IS.
Jackson, Charles H. . . .20.
Jones, Amos  32 .
Jones, Israel D  :2I.
Keating, Stephen  27 .
Keen, George W  27 .
Lane, Nathaniel  31.
Lee, Edwin D  33.
Littlefield, Ruel  18.
Lord, Amasa  28
Mahoney, Daniel  IS
Marston, Benjamin R. 36
Marston, Alfred J  18
Mayers, James H  20
McKenney, Stephen P. 32
MerriU, Abram  38
Merrill, Appleton  23
MerriU, George W  20
MerriU, WiUiam G  29
Moody, Benjamin H. .25
Moody, Isaac  36
Moulton, Lewis A  IS
Murphy, WUliam. ..... 18
Murray, Winthrop  38
Nash, Joseph B  19
Nelson, Charles H  37
Nelson, Erastus F  37
Powers, Charles R  29

Rideout, Thomas B.. .
Robbins. Franklin D.,

ROSTER

339

Name
Robbins, John L. . .
Robbins, PhiUp M.
Rogers, Henry A. .
SewaU, Henry 
SmaU, WUliam B. .

Age Residence

Mustered into
U. S. Service

Remarks

.25. .18,.18.
.39..18,
.42..18..21..19..19. .39.
.19. .22,
.21.
.29..24.
.19. .24. 21. 18.

Smith, AugustusC 
Smith, Charles F 
Smith, Charles R 
Smith, George A 
Stewart, Joseph A 
Sylvester. Alvin 
Tobey, WiUiam B 
Trask, Lauriston G. . .
Tyler. Elias 
Warren, Edwin A 
Webber, Oliver P 
Whittier, Marden 
Whitney, Joseph ......
Wing, Stephen 
Worthiey, PhUander E,
RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED
Ballard, James  30 . . Belfast  Dec.

.China  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Chesterville.. . .Aug. 25,'62..M. o.
.China  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. com-sergt. and 2d lieut.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, disch. May
22, '65.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62.. M.o.
.Augusta  Aug. 25,^62. . In hosp. since Sept. 5,, '63, disch. June 8, '65
.Chesterville. . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Died, Frederick City Md. Oct. IS, '62.
.Vienna  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Wilderness, m. o.
.Windsor  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Corp. wd. Wilderness, m. o.
.China  Aug. 2S,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. Apr. 23, '64.
- China  Aug- 25, '62. . Wd. WUderness, m. o5
-Augusta  Aug- 25, '62- . Wd- Wilderness, m. o-
-China  Aug- 25, '62- -Wd- Gettysburg, died July 15, '63- -
-Vassalboro  Aug- 25, '62- .Disc Mch. 2, '63.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. . Reptd. des. June 25, '63.
.Chesterville. . . .Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Augusta  Aug. 25. '62. . Reptd. des. June '63, disch. May 23, '65.
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62. .Killed, Wilderness.
.Augusta  Aug. 25,'62. .Tr. V. R. C, Nov- 18, '63-

Brown, William  29
Bridges, Orrin  44
Cain, Daniel  32 .
Carmody, Cornelius- - . - 39 .
Cross, AtweU J  18.
Crosby, Henry  33 .
Cummings. Alonzo. ... 26 .
Day. Philip W  36.
Durgan, James H  31.
Eastman, Mellen  42 .
Ellis, William B  27.
GiU, JohnH  27.
Hammond, James  23.

. Portland  Aug.
. Bangor  Aug.
. Portland  July
.Bangor  Sept.
. Vassalboro  Aug.
.Hampden  Aug.
.Bangor  Sept.
.Augusta  Sept.
. Lewiston  July
.Charleston  Aug.
. Lewiston  Jan.
. ChestervUle .... Aug.
Portland  July

Hanson, Daniel B  27
Hatch, WiUiam  36
Howard, Elijah  20
Hurd, John 0  45
Hysom, John F  26
Knights, Nathaniel. . . .38
Labree. Rinaldo A  28
Leighton, Alexander R.25 .
Marston, Charles L. . . . 18 .
McLain, David  23 -
Moore, Abijah C  30 -
Potter, Benson  30-
RandaU, Albert N  21
Rowe, William G  20- .
Shortwell, James  21 .
SmaU, WiUiam H- H-- .22.
Smith, Elisha P  40.
Spencer, James S  26.
Taylor, Slyvester  33.
Towle, Jeremiali  32 .
Tobian, Roswell  21.
WUson, Adolphus P  19 ,
Young, Zelia W  20

- -China  Aug.
. - Dresden  Jan-
- - Washington. . . . Dec.
. .Belfast  Dec.
. .China  Aug.
. .Portland . . — . .Sept.
. Lewiston  July
.Aina  July
.Augusta  Mch.
.St. John, N. B..Feb.
.No. 5, R. 3  Aug.
. Elmira  Feb.
. - Portland  July
Augusta  Aug-
. Augusta  Aug.
. Lewiston  July
.Chester  Aug.
.Bangor  Sept.
.Belfast  Aug.
. Enfield  Augl
. Belfast  Dec.
. Lewiston  Aug.
. Knox  Jan.

COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION
10, '63. . Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died AndersonvUle,
Oct. II, '64, erroneously reptd. des.
14,'63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
22, '63.. Cons. tr. V. R. C.
14, '63- -Cons. tr. 1st H. A., abs. at m. o.
16, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
31, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 27, '64.
12, '63. .Cons, died Feb. 2, '64.
16, '63. .Cons. tr. Ist H. A.
1 5, '64. .Disch. June 3, '65.
16, '63. .Cons, disc Mch. 18, '64.
16, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 4, '63.
6, '64- -Abs- sick, tr- 1st H. A.
13,'63. .Tr. from Co. A. tr. V. R. C. Dec. 27, '64.
14, '63. .Cons. pris. Bristoe Statiow, died AndersonvUle,
Sept. 10, '64.
1 1, '63. .Cons. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
12,'64--Disc- Apr- 26, '64-
3, '63- . Wd. WUdemess, disc. Jan. 13, '65.
14, '63.. Died Jan. 29, '64.
11, '63. .Cons. disc. Apr. 26, '64.
17, '63.. Cons. tr. 1st H. A.
16, '63.. Cons. tr. V. R. C. Feb. 10, '64.
31, '63. .Abs. sick. tr. Ist H. A.
5, '64. .Tr. Co. B as musician.
8, '64. - Abs- sick at m- o-
I4,'64. -Cons. tr. V. R. C. Feb. 10, '64.
28, '64. .KiUed on picket, Oct. 5, '64.
10, '63. .Cons. pr. corp. wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist H A
4,'63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 17, '63.
4, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist H. A.
17, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Mch. 1, '65.
13, '63. .Cons. abs. wd. tr. Ist H. A.
IS, '63. .Cons. tr. to navy Apr. 23, '64.
7, '63. .Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
14, '63 . .Cons. abs. sick during term of serv. tr. 1st H. A
30,'63..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '63. .Cons. disc. Dec. 7, '63.
6, '64. .Pris. Reams' Station, disc. May 18, '6S.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT, JUNE 15, 1864

Alium, Richard  40. .Bangor  Aug. 24, '63.

Biker, George 
Brown, William L. ,
Blinn, Bradford H..
Carlton, John B. . . .
Call, Timothy 
Colby, Eben E.

.IS.. Glenbum  Sept. I, '63.
.19. .Searsmont  Aug. 20, '63.
.20. .Wiscasset  Mch. 10, '62.
.21. .Woolwich  Mch. I0,'62.
.24.. Dresden  Jan. I, '64.
19. .Liberty  Aug. 22, '63.
"' ¦ ¦ " 1,'64.

Cunningham, Addison . 19 . . Washington  Jan

.Cons. tr. from Co. A, pris. Jerusalem Plank
Road, tr. to Ist H. A.
.Cons. tr. from Co. A, wd. WUdemess, tr. Ist H A
.Cons. tr. V. R. C.
,Pris. Gettysburg, tr. Ist H. A.
Wd. Groveton Aug. 29, '62 and Spottsylvania
.Vet. tr. Ist H.A.
Cons. wd. WUdemess, tr. Ist H. A.
,Vet. tr. 1st H. A.

340

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Dailey, James  22
Davis, James B  20
Danforth, George O. . . . 2 1
Davis, Henry C  18,
Estler, WUliam W  21
Hunter, Hugh  31
Jones, Leonard  24,
Light, ElweU  25,
Lee, Peter  35.
McCarrison, Thos. J. ...IS.
McMahan, Edward .... 19 .
Nelson, Joseph  40.
Pinkham, Thos. F  IS.
Quimby, Albert  30.
Stewart, Nathaniel .... 24 .
Stewart, Thomas  IS.
Smith, Barnard W  24.
Taylor, Eugene A  21 .
Wilbur, George  20.
Wood, George P  19.

Age Residence

Mustered into
U. S. Service

RE.MARKS

.Portland  Sept. 1,'63.
.Lewiston  Aug. 27, '63.
.Freedom  Aug. 27, '63.
.Portland  Aug. 24,'63.

Lewiston  Aug. 2 7, '63
Knox  Jan. 6, '62
.Belfast  Aug. 24.'63
.Washington. . . .Nov. 26, '61
.Aina  June IS, '61
. Waldoboro Dresden

Cons. tr. from Co. A, tr. to Ist H. A.
.Cons. tr. Ist H. A.
.Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Mch. I, '65.
.Cons, killed. Strawberry Plains.
.Readfield  Aug. 8,^63. .Cons. Wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
.Lewiston  Aug. 26, ^63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
.Washington. .. .Nov. 26,^61 .. Corp. disch. Mch. IS, ^65.
.Washington.... Nov. 26,^6I..Tr. Ist H. A.
Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st H. A.
Wd. Gettysburg, abs. disch. Jan. 14, ^65.
Cons. wd. Wilderness, tr. 1st H. A.
Killed on picket, Oct. 16, '64.
Abs. sick at m. o. tr. Ist H. A.
Mch. 10, '62. . Pris. Reams' Station, died a prisoner of war.
Mch. 6, '62. .Disch. Mch. 10, '65, term exp.

.Dresden  Mch. 10, '62 Disch. Mch. 10, ^65, term exp.
.Wiscasset  Jan. 1,^64. .Vet. tr. Ist H. A.
.Gardiner  Aug. 26, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc. Dec. 8, '64.
.Lewiston  Aug. 27, ^63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, disch. June 10, '65.
.Penobscot  Oct. 29, '64. . Pr. 2d and 1st lieut.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER 1864.

Andrews, Gardiner B. . .22
Cluer, Beniamin  44
Currier, John M  20
Hutchinson, James M. ir

.Anson  Oct.
.Norridgewock. . Oct.
.Anson  Oct.
.Anson  Oct.

Lane, Daniel  29. .Anson  Oct.

, Norridgewock. . Oct.
.Anson  Oct.
.Anson  Oct.

RusseU, Joel S  36. .Anson  Oct.

Longley, Albert. .
Parlin, Franldin.
Rowe, Albert S..

S,'64..Tr. Ist H. A.
S,'64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
5,^64. .Wd. Nov. 18, ^64, tr. 1st H. A.
S,^64. .Tr. 1st H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st H. A.
5,'64. . Wd. Nov. 6, '64, tr. Ist H. A.
S,'64..Tr. 1st H. A.
5, '64. .Mortally wd. near Ft. HaskeU, Oct. 22, died
Nov. 25, '64.
5, '64.. Disch. June 8, ¦6S.

SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED

Stephen R.Gordon, .
Jesse A. Dorman ....
Charies P. Garland . .
John F. Stackpole
George E. Webber . .
Stephen A. Abbott . .
Francis P. Furber . .
Samuel S. Holbrook .
George F. Hopkins . .
HoUis F. Amold 
James T. Waldron . .
George H. WiUey . . .
Alfred T. Dunbar . . .
Henry B. Washburn
WUliam G. Stratton
Abbott, Albert A.. . .
Abbott, Daniel B 
Adams, Benjamin. . .
Brookings, Samuel C.
BurriU. Charles E....
Carr, Rinaldo A 
Clark, John S 
Collins, Alphonzo C. .
Coro, Joseph 
Dodge, Martin V. B..
Edgerly, Richard 
Estes, John H 
Estes, Redford M 
Fairbrother, Isaac W.

.30. .Clinton. . .
.24. .Canaan. . .
.21 . .Winslow. ,
.35. .Albion. .. .
.21 . .Gardiner.
.21. .Winslow. ,
.37. .Clinton. . .

.Aug. 25, '62.

27. .Athens. .
.23. .Albion. . .
.23. .Palermo.
.22 . .Canaan. .
.20. .Clinton. .
.18. .Winslow.
.32. .China. . .

¦ Aug.
-Aug--Aug-.Aug.
.Aug.

25, '62.
25, '62.

.36. .Albion.

.21. .Winslow.
.27. .Winslow.

.27 . .Vassalboro.
.21. .Pittston. . . .
.21. .Canaan 
.21. .Palermo.. . .
.35.. Gardiner . . .
.18. .Chelsea 
.21. .China 
.23. .Palermo. . . .
.23. .Bowdoin. . .
.19. .Vassalboro.
.21.. Vassalboro .
21. .China 

Company H.
AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.
SERGEANTS
Aug. 25, '62.. Pr. 2d lieut.
Aug. 25, '62. . Mortally wounded Gettysburg, died July 6, '63.
Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pr. 2d and 1st lieut.
Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. Ist sergt. killed, Gettysburg.
Aug. 25, '62. .MortaUy wd. Gettysburg, died July 7, '63.
CORPORALS
Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Jan. 16, '63.
Pr. sergt. wd. Gettysburg, pr. 1st sergt., wd.
WUderness, abs. at m. o.
Disc. Oct. 6, '63.
Wd. WUdemess, disc. Feb. 20, '65.
25, '62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
2S,'62. .Pr. sergt. wd. Gettysburg, died Apr. 9, '64.
_ 25, '62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
Aug^ 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. wd. Wilderness, absent at m. o.
MUSICIAN
Aug. 2S,'62..M. u.
WAGONER
Aug. 2S,'62..M. o.
PRIVATES
Aug. 25, '62.. Disc. Jan. 17, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, tr. V. R. C.
Aug. 10, '64.
25,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. Dec. 5, '64.
Pr. Corp. kUled Gettysburg.
25, '62. .M. o.
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc, for wds. Jan. 23, '64.
2S,'62..M. o.
25, '62. .Absent sick at m. o.
2S,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
2S,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, killed, Spottsylvania.
25,'62..Des. Aug. 27, '62 on way to Washington.
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, supposed to have died.
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
2S,'62..Tr. V. R. C. Oct. 1, '63.

.Aug. 25, '62.
.Aug..Aug. 25, '62.
.Aug..Aug..Aug..Aug..Aug..Aug.
¦ Aug.
.Aug.
.Aug. .Aug.

ROSTER

341

Name

Age Residence

Famham, Albert P. . . .18. .Albion  Aug,
Foye, Arnold L  26. .Palermo  Aug,
Gerald, WUliam F  19

Goodridge, Drew  29
Hamlen, Charles L  26
Handy, Eben  41.
Hodgdon, Isaac C  29.
Hopkins, Lewis E  18 .
James, Charles H  19.
James, Josephus  37 .
Jewell, Joseph  19.
JeweU, WUliam  21.
Jewett, Henry S  23.
KimbaU, George H. . . .25.
Leonard, WiUiam  28.
Libbey, Charles H  18.
Marson, Alden  42 .
Martin, Reuben D  44 .
McKinney Fairfield S. . 20 .
McKinney, James M. . .27.
MerrUl, Sumner  22 .
Merrow, Thomas W. ..22.
Murphy, Hamlen H. . . 18 .
Nado, Joseph  44.
Noyes, WUUam H. ... 25 .
Page, John E  23.
Page, Isaac L  20.
Page, Reuben H  18 .
Parmenter, Allen  24.
Patterson, Henry L. . . .18.
Perkins, George M  19 .
Philips, James  20.
Prescott, Chailes  18 .

Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service
25, '62. .Disc Jan. 9, '65.
25, '62.. Disch. June 12, '65.
25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Feb. 9,
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Dec S,
25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.

.Clinton  Aug.
.Canaan  Aug.
.Vassalboro  Aug.
.Albion  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Clinton  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.Albion  Aug. 25,'62. .Disch^May 10,
.Pittston  Aug. 25, '62.
.Pittston  Aug. 25, '62.
.Canaan  Aug. 25, '62.
.Canaan  Aug. 25, '62.
.Westbrook  Aug. 25, '62.
.Chelsea  Aug. 25, '62.
Albion  Aug. 25, '62

'65. '63.

'65.

Ramsdell, Charles E
Reed, Jesse 
Richards. Elmerin W.
Richardson, Luke T. .
Seavey, James O.
Small, James L. . .
Stinson, Orrin F. .
Tarr. John W. . . .
Taylor, WUUam . .
Taylor, Howard H.
Trask, James O. . .
Tobey, Warren H.
Tuttle, Manter ...
Tuttle, Lyman P.
Tyler, James M. . . ,
Walker, John F. .
Washburn, Augustus
Webber, John M. . .
Webster, Charles E.
Wells, Frederic L. .
Wheeler, George E.
Whitten, Charles T.
Whitten, George . .
White, Ivory D. . . .
WUliams, Nicholas
WUson, JohnS 
Withee, Bradley B.
Withee, John 
Wood, Albert O. . .
Wood, WiUiam F.. .
Worthen, Olney . . .
Worthen, Eugene .
Wyman, James . . .
Young, Benjamin .

25, '62
25, '62
25, '62

Disc. Feb. 6, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Nov. 12, '63.
Tr. V. R. C. Jan. 15. '64.
Tr. V. R. C.
M. o.
Dropped from rolls by order Gen. Howard.
Wd. Gettysburg, pr. corp. wd. Wilderness, m. u.
.Albion  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.
.Pittston  Aug. 25, '62. .Reptd. des. while reg. was en route to Frederick
.Canaan  Aug. 2S,'62..Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
.Clinton  Aug. 25, '62. .Det. teamster, m. o.
.Clinton  Aug. 2 5, '62.. Des. at Falmouth, Va., Jan. 28, '63.
.Winslow  Aug. 25, '62.. Det. in 1st. R. I. arty., pris. while on picket, Nov.
5, '64, disch. May 15, '65.
.Canaan  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Cold Harbor, m. o.
.Friendship . . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Corp., wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.
.Albion  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, Apr. 10, '63.
.Gardiner  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, Feb. 18, '63.
" .Disc, Apr. 10, '63.
.Disc, Jan. 9, '64.
.Disc, Feb. 5, '63.
.Disc, Apr. 10, '63.
.Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63.
.Tr. V. R. C. Mch. 15, '64.
.Disc, Jan. 21, '63.
.Pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, Anderson
vUle, Jan. 7, '65.
Pr. Corp., wd. Wilderness, pr. sergt., m.o,
Tr. V. R. C. Nov. 1, '63.
Det. in pioneer corps., m. o.
Wd. Gettysburg, kUled, Spottsylvania.
Pr. Corp. and sergt. disch., June 12. '65.
Pr. Corp., wd. Spottsylvania, disch. Mch. 2, '65.
Died at home, Dec 15, '64.
Disc Feb. 7, '63.
Killed, Gettysburg.
Wd. Wilderness, m. o.
Disc, Feb. 18, '63.
Disc, Jan. 25, '63.
Died, Jan. 25, '63.
Des. Feb. 6, '63.
KUled, near Petersburg, Oct. 24, '64.
App't'd. fifer, m. o.
25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Oct. 28, '63.
25, '62.. Disc, Aug. 27, '63.
25, '62.. Disc, Dec. 4, '62.
2S,'62. .Tr. to navy, Apr. 25, '64.

Chelsea  Aug,
.Chelsea  Aug.
.Chelsea  Aug.
.Albion  Aug. 25, '62
.Augusta  Aug. 25, '62
.Chelsea  Aug. 25, '82
.Vassalboro  Aug. 25, '62
.Hartland  Aug. 25, '62

25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..

.18. .Pittston  Aug.
.35. .Gardiner  Aug.
.18. .Winslow  Aug,
.19. .Canaan  Aug. 25, '62
. 2 7 .. Boothbay  Aug. 2 5, '62
.31. .Pittston  Aug.
. 26 . . Albion  Aug.
.21. .Pittston  Aug.
.25. .Winslow  Aug.
.30. .Winslow  Aug,
.21. .China  Aug.
.21.. Vassalboro .... Aug.
.18. .Canaan  Aug.
.18. .Athens  Aug. 25, '62
.19.. Albion  Aug. 2 5. '62.
.20. .Winslow  Aug. 25, '62.
. 22 . . Canaan  Aug.
.18. .Gardiner  Aug.
.42. .Pittston  Aug.
27. .Pittston  Aug,

25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..
25, '62..

25. .Canaan  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, m. o.

.Albion  Aug. 2S,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. Mch. 31, '64.
.Clinton  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc, Mch. 5, '63.
.Canaan  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
.W. Gardiner . .Aug. 25, '62. .Disch., May 22, '65.
.Winslow  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Died of wds. rec'd at Petersburg, Nov. 13, '64.
Winslow  Aug. 25, '62. .M. o.
25, '62. .Det. as cattle guard m. o.
25, '62. .Hosp. Sept. 30, '62, died, date & place unknown.
25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, pr. Corp., kUled, Wilderness.
25, '62.. Disc, July 10, '63.
25, '62. .Disc, Feb. 6, '63.
25, '62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63.
RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION
Allen, Tenney M  18. .Sedgwick  Dec. I5,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
Basford, Andrew J. .. .30. .Waterville  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. wd. WUderness, pris. Reams' Station,
disch., May 29, '65.

.32,.37..19.
.43. .34.
.26..19. .23..18..22.
.20..21..45.

Winslow  Aug.
Gardiner  Aug.
Winslow  Aug.
Albion  Aug.
Albion  Aug.
Hermon  Aug.
Pittston  Aug.

342

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Babb, Mark G.

Age
..30.

Residence

.Gardiner  Aug
.C. Elizabeth . .Aug,
.St. Albans  Aug,

Baston, Henry  22 .
Bigelow, Chailes L. ... 19.
Brown, Frank  33. .Albion  Aug. 15, '63

Brann, Sanford 
Bradford Columbus G.
Bumpus, Jason 
Carr, Patrick 
Cayford, Jackson ....
Cheesman, John W. .
Corbett, Lorenzo D. .
DUlon, James 
Fairbanks, Benj. F. . .
Ferren, Elisha Jr. ...
French, Albert V. ...
FuUer, George 
Foster, Benj. W 
Fields. Frank 
Gridley, Joseph W. . . .
Gross, Reuben 
Hanson, John B 
Huntley, John 
Jewett, WUliam H 
Judkins, Marcellus H.
Judkins, Charles W. .
Kenney, Thomas ....
Leavitt, Benjamin F. .
Libby, Daniel 
Morrison, Theodore T.
Murray, 'Thomas ....
McLaughlin, John. . . .
Ober, WiUiam H 
Over, Ezra A 
Patterson, Jacob 
Pennel, Zina B 
Pinkham, Nahum B. .
PoUard, JohnH 
Reed, Levi M 
Rines, George A 
RunneUs. Benjamin F.
Smiley, EUis 
SmUey, Augustine P.
Smith, George L 

Mustered into Remarks
U. S. Service 10, '63. .Cons. pris. Wilderness, died Augusta, Ga. prison
July, '64.
18, '63.. Sub. wd. Wilderness, disc. Dec. 16. '64.
6, '63. .Sub. pris. Wilderness, died AndersonviUe, Sept.
3, 64.
Sub. wd. Bristoe Station, Wilderness and also
Oct. 13, '64, tr. Ist. H. A.
Cons. wd. Wilderness, disc, Mch. 21, '65.
Sub. disc, Jan. 18, '65.
Cons. wd. Bristoe Station, disc Jan. II, '65.
Tr. 1st. H. A.
Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, disc Oct. 30, '64.
Tr. Ist. H. A.
Cons. tr. V. R. C.
2I,'65..Tr. Ist. H. A.
10, '63.. Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
2I,'65..Tr. 1st. H. A.
8, '63. .Sub. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. V. R. C.
29,'64..Wd., Reams' Station.

I0,'63.
21, '63.

. Gardiner  Aug.
. Patten  Sept
.No. 5  Sept. 21, '63
.Portland  Mch. 17, '65
.Fairfield  Aug. 18, '63
.Whitneyville . .Jan. 23, '65
.Philips  July 31, '63
. Whitneyville . . Feb.
.W. Gardiner . .Aug,
. Steuben  Feb.
.Augusta  Aug.
. England  Apr.
.Pittsfield  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. pr. corp., tr. 1st. H. A.

Lee  Sept.
.C. Elizabeth . .Aug.
. Ellsworth  Feb.
.Starks  Sept. 23, '63.
.Machias  Aug. I8,^63.
Gardiner  Aug.

^¦63.
17,^63. 8. '65.

Sub., pris. Reams' Station, tr. Ist. H. A.
Sub., wd. North Anna, tr. Ist. H. A.
,Tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons, tr, 1st. H. A.
Sub., wd. Spottsylvania, tr. Ist. H. A.
8, '63. .Cons., wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Prentiss  Sept. IS, '63. .Cons., disc, Jan. 13, '65.
.Prentiss  Sept. 18, '63. .Cons., wd. Bristoe Station, tr. 1st. H. A,
.Ellsworth  Feb. 3, '65. .Tr. Ist.H. A.
' ¦ ' Sub. tr. 1st. H. A.
Tr. 1st. H. A.
Sub. died, Dec. 16, '63, Stevensburg, Va.
Sub. died, Mch. 5, ''
Sub., died. Oot. 17,

'64. '64, at Washington.

Albion  Aug.
. Winslow  Aug.
. Sidney  Aug.
.Winthorp  Aug.
Smith, Frederick  25. .St. George  Sept.
Stoddard, WUliam C. . 22 .
Stewart, Charies H. . . .28.
Taylor, Augustus D.. . . 19 .
Tucker, George  25 .
Waters, Byron G  18
White, George  22.

Levant  Aug. 10, '63.
.Windham  Aug. 1 7, '63.
.Sherman  Sept. 18, '63.
.Eastport  Sept. 1 8, '63.
.Springfield . . . .Sept. 21, '63.
.Ellsworth  Feb. 8, '65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Steuben  Feb. 2I,'6S. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Gardiner  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons., tr. to navy Apr. 16, '64.
.Whitneyville . .Jan. 27,'65..Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Anson  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons., wd. Spottsylvania, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Hodgdon  Sept. 16, '63. .Sub. pr. corp., wd. Spottsylvania, died, Finley
hosp.. Wash., May 29, '64.
.Lee  Sept. 18, '63. .Sub., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Oldtown  Sept. 17, '63. .Sub. disc, Jan. 3, '64.
¦¦ ¦ 4, '63. .Cons., tr. 1st. H. A.
17, '63. .Cons. disc. Jan. 19, '65.
10, '63. .Cons, died, Stevensburg, Va., Jan. 5, '64.
10, '63. .Cons. wd. Wilderness, pris. Reams' Station, died,
Annapolis, Md. paroled prisoner, Oct. 28, '64.
7, '63. .Sub., reptd. des., Oct. 14, '63, probably prisoner
at Bristoe Station.
Gardiner  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons., tr. to navy, Apr. 16, '64.
Gardiner  Aug. 10, '63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station, disch., June 5, '65,
Rumford  Feb. 24,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
No. 6  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons., wd. Bristoe Station and Spottsylvania,
tr. 1st. H. A.
19, '63. .Sub., wd. Oct. 13, '64, died, Apr. 28, '65.
12, '63. .Sub., wd. Bristoe Station and Wilderness,
disch. May 19, '65.
2 6, '63. .Sub., mortally wd. North Anna, died, June 1 7, '64

. Patten  Aug.
Robbinston. . . .Aug.

Whitney, Charles B.. . .20. .Lee  Aug,
SOLDIERS TRANSFERED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT JUNE 15, 1864

Allen, Charies W. . .
Brackett, Charies W.
Carter, Edwin J. ...
Cox, George 
Clough, John 
Downs, Samuel N. . . ,
Emeiton, Andrew L. ,
Eugley, James M. . . ,
Furbish, Abram J. . . ,
Heal, WiUiam I 
Jackson, Joel 

. 19 . .Sedgwick  Jan. I, '64
.19. .Houlton  Nov. 9, '61
. 2 1 .. Sedgwick  Nov. 9, '61
,40.. Bangor  Nov. 9, '61,
.20..BluehUl  Nov. 9, '61.
.23. .Winterport ...Jan. I, '64,
. 2 1 . . BrooksviUe  Nov. 9, '61
.24. .Jefferson  .lune 15, '61.
.24. .N. Vineyard ..Jan. I, '64,
.2 1.. Belmont  Dec. 4, '63.
.28. .MontvUle  Nov. 9, '61.

.Vet. pr. Corp., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Wd. Gettysburg, abs. at m. u.
. Disch. exp. term.
. Disch. exp. term.
. Disc. exp. term.
.Vet. pr. Corp. wd. Petersburg, disc, Mch. 16, '65
, . Pris. Gettysburg, abs. sick, never joined
company.
.Disch. exp. term.
.Vet., tr. Ist. H. A.
.Pris. while on picket, Nov. 5, '64, tr, Ist. H. A.
.Corp., wd. North Anna, disc, exp. term.

ROSTER

343

Name
JeweU, John H 
Jewell, George . . . .
Johnson, Andrew . .
McMahan. Daniel
Mink, Edward . . . ,
Moore, Charles F. ,
Randall, .'Vndrew. . ,
Reed, Tared R 
Ring, C^'rus. L. . . ,
Rose, Charles 
Sawyer, Ferdinand
Sherman, Frank A.
Tripp, WUliam H.
Webster, John. ...
Young, Morrison. .

Age Residemce Mustered into
U. S. Service
.Dixmont  .\ug. 24, '63. .Cons., pris. Nov. 5,
Dixmont  .\ug. 24, '63. .Cons., tr. 1st. H. A
27, '63. " '¦ ¦
1,'64. 1,'64.1,'64.
1,'64

.21..33..40. .23. .21..24.18.
.27..20.
,.28. ..18.
,.20.,.18...32...22.

Remarks 64, tr. 1st. H.

A.

. Stowe  .\ug.
.Prospect  Jan.
.Waldoboro . . . .Jan.
.Knox  Jan.
. Brooks  Jan.
.Mt. Desert . . , .Jan.
. Casco  Dec.

. Bangor  Nov.
.Knox  Jan.
. Knox  Aug.
.Sedgwick  Jan.
. BluehUl  Nov.
. Belmont  Jan.

Cons., disch., June 5, '65.
Vet., died, Sept. 27, '64, buried City Point.
Vet., tr. 1st. H. A.
Vet., tr. 1st. H. A.
Vet., disch., May II, '65.
I, '64.. Vet. Corp., tr. 1st. H. A.
30, '63.. Pris. Reams' Station, died, Salisbury prison,
Dec. 1, '64.
9, '61 . . Wd. and pris. Gettysburg, disch., exp. term.
I, '64. .Vet., tr. Ist. H. A.
12, '62. .Corp.. wd. Cold Harbor, disc. Mch. 7, '65.
I, '64. .Vet. sergt. pr. 2d. lieut. co. H.
9, '61.. Mus., abs. sick at m. o.
1,'64. .Vet., missing Apr. 2, '65.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER 1864.

Bush, James L 
Groves, Jonathan . .
Merrow, Shepherd H.
Salsbury, Charles H.
Weymouth, Marshall
Waldron, James W. ,
Webber, Retire W 

.24. .Clinton .
.41 . .Mercer .
.18. .Oldtown
.19. .Canaan .
. 29 . . Clinton .
.22. .Clinton .
.24. .Clinton .

. . .Oct. 5, '64. .Corp., disch., June 5, '65.
. . .Oct. 5, '64. .Sergt., pris. Boydton Road.
...Oct. 5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
...Oct. 5,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
, . .Oct. 5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
. .Oct. 5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
..Oct. 5, '64.. Disc, June IS, '65.

Company I.
SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.
SERGEANTS
. .19. .Rockland  Aug. 25. '62. .Disc. Dec. 9, '62.
. .23. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. 2d. and 1st. lieut.
. .26. .Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Dec. 8, '62.
.26. .Bremen  Aug. 25, '62. .Killed. Gettysburg.
. .34. .Vinalhaven . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Nov. 1, '62.
CORPORALS
. .22. .Rockland  Aug. 25,'62. . Pr. capt.
. .37. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. at own request, disc. Dec. 30, '62.
. .25. .Vinalhaven . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Red. tr. signal corps. Jan. 1, '64.
. .27. .Appleton  Aug. 25. '62. .Wd. Frederidkburg, disc. Feb. 16, '63
.26.. Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
.. 32 .. Rockland  Aug. 25, '62.
.25. .S. Thomaston. .Aug. 25, '62.
. .31 . .Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
MUSICIANS
..19. .Rockland  .'^ug. 25, '62. . Died, Dec 13, '62.
. .29. .Vinalhaven .-.Aug. 2S,'62..M.o.
WAGONER
. .32. .Rockland  Aug. 25,'62..M. u.
PRIVATES
. .18. .Vinalhaven ...Aug. 2S,-'62- -Tr. to navy, Apr. 23, '64
-.32. .Camden  Aug.

Henry H. Earle . . .
George R. Palmer . .
James M. Higgins . .
Francis W. Rhoades
Stephen Colburn . . .
Edgar A. Burpee
Albion K. Hewitt . ,
Reuben T. Carver . .
WiUiam A. Evans . ,
George E. Sherwood
WUliam E. Barrows
Joseph G. Maddocks
Peleg WUey 
James W. Packard
Alexander Dumpbe
Hiram Whitten . . .

Red. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road.
Pr. sergt. killed, Gettysburg.
Red. wd. Gettysburg, tr. V- R. C- Mch- IS, '64.
Disc. Dec. 13, '62.

Arey, Hiram F. . .
Anderson, Edwin . .
Bachelder LaForest
Barter, George W.
Benjamin, Addison
Benner, Orrin P. . .
Black. Gorham L. . .
Bowley, Harrison B
Bray, Francis E-.
Butler, Caleb P. .
Cables, JohnH. .
Calph, John ....
Carey, John F. . .
Carey, Robert H.
Carver, Francis S.
Carver, Lafayette
Choate, Benjamin F.
Clapp, Hiram 
Clark, Joseph L. ...
Clark, Luther 
Cleveland, James S.

_ 25, '62.
19. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
. .24. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62.
. .44. .Whitefield  Aug. 25, '62.
. .30. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
. .18. .Rockland  Aug. 25, '62.
. .36. .Camden  Aug. 25. '62.
. .21. .Vinalhaven - . . Aug. 25,'62 .
. .35. .Appleton  Aug. 25, '62.
. .18. .Rockland  Aug. 25, '62.
. .27. .Appleton  Aug. 25, '62.
. .35. .Camden  Aug. 2 5, '62.
. .25. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
. .18. .Vinalhaven ....\ug. 25, '62.
. .24. .Vinalhaven ...Aug. 25, '62.
.. 33 .. Whitefield  Aug. 25, '62.
. .40. .Aonleton  Aug. 25, '62.
. .26. .Rockland  \ug. 25, '62.
.21. .Rockland  .\ug. 25, '62..
.19. .Camden  Aug. 25, '62..

, Tr. to navy, Apr. 23, '64. '-.
.Disc Dec. 29, '62.
,Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy, Apr. 23, '64.
. Abs. sick at M. o.
Died, Jan. 20, '63. Marine hosp. Baltimore.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. June 18, '64.
, Pr. Corp. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, m. o.
.Died, Jan. 1, '63.
.Died in hosp. at St. Louis, Mo., May 2. '65.
Disc Mch. 17, '64.
, M. o.
. Killed, Gettysburg.
.Disc Apr. 10, '63.
.M. o.
Pr. sergt. pr. 2d. lieut., mortally wd. Jerusalem'
Plank Road.
Abs. sick at m. o.
Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Sept. 15, '63.
Pr. 21. lieut.
Wd, Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. Feb. 16, '64. ;
Di,-ic, Jai. 14, '63. i

344

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name

Age Residence

Cobb, George S  21
Conway, Orrin T  29 .
Creamer. Roscoe D. . .18,
Dodge, Adrian C  21 ,
Dyer, Alden W  19.

Mustered into
U. S. Service

Remarks

.Camden  Aug. 25, '62
.Vinalhaven. . . .Aug. 2 5, '62

. Bremen  Aug.
Rockland  Aug.
S. Thomaston Aug.

Famham, George N. .
Farnham, Samuel . . .
Fisk, Franklin 
Flagg, Micah 
Greenleaf, Ebenezer .
Hanson, Llewellyn . .
Hemenway, Calvin . .
Higgins, John H 
Holmes, George E. . . .
Hutchings, Zuinglous.
Jackson, Nahum R. .
Jacobs, Edwin S 
Joice, Harvey C 
Kinsell, Albion R 
Kittridge, WiUiam W.
Lamb, Daniel G 
Lane, Charles E 
Little, Thomas 
Little, Otis 
Little, WiUiam H., Jr.
Lu Iwig, Alexander . . . .
Mariner, Leander S. . .
McIntosh, James H.. . .
Merriman, Isaac W. . .
MiUs, James P 
Myrick, Martin V 
Norton, Joseph H 
Ogier, George L 
Overlock, Ansel A. . . .
Oxton, Amos B 
Perry, Chandler F. . . .
Pierce, Freeman G. . . ,
Place, James H 
Rackliff, WiUiam N.. .
Richardson, Charles S.
Shepherd, George W.
Shibles, Rufus Jr. ...
Shibles, WiUiam H. . .
Simonton, W. H. H. .
Studley, George 
Sumner, John F 
Taylor, Solomon ....
Thorndike, Warren B.
Tolman, David 
Turner, George S. . .
Twitchell, Isaac J. . .
Vinal, John 
Vinal, Worster S. . . .

.18.
.43. .18. .39.
.44. .20. . 18.
.39.
.19. .27.
.19..22. .IS..36. 21.
.32. .18..27.
.21. 25. 44. 18.
18.19.
35.23.20. 18.
21. 19.
26. 19.
,28.,22.,38. IS.
.23.,18.,21..28..19..31. 21.
.23. .18..33..34..18.

Pr. corp. wd. WUderness, kUled, Boydton Road.
Pr. Corp. wd. Gettysburg, died, Sept. 1, '63.
Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 30, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
25,'62..Pr. Corp. wd. Gettysburg, pris. Jerusalem Plank
Road, disch. June 12, '65.
Died, Dec. 25, '62.

2S,'62.25, '62.

.Camden  Aug. 25, '62
.Whitefield  Aug. 2S,'62. .Tr. V. R. C. July, 19 '63.
.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, July 16, '63.
25, '62. .Died, May 17, ^63.
25, ^62.. Disc. Apr. 10, ¦63.
. Camden  Aug. 2 5 , ^62 . . Disc. Mch. 4, '63.
.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc May 20, ^63.
.Camden  Aug. 25,^62. .Det. as teamster m
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62.

.Camden  Aug.
.Whitefield ....Aug.

.Appleton  Aug. 25, '62.
Rockland  Aug. 25, '62.
Appleton  Aug. 25, '62.

Pr. Corp. and sergt., wd. Gettysburg and
Spottsylvania, died, June IS, '64.
M. o.
Died, Jan 7, '63.
Wd. Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, disc. Jan.

.Camden  -Aug
.Whitefield  Aug. 2 5, '62
. Vinalhaven . . . Au;
. Camden  Au;
.Whitefield
. Bremen .
. Bremen  Aug,
.Bremen  Aug. 25, '62

14, '65.
25, '62. .Killed, Cold Harbor.
Disc. Nov. 11, '63.
25, '62. .Det. in arty, brig., m. o.
Pr. Corp. wd. Gettysburg, abs. at m. o.
Died, Feb. 22, '63.
25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, abs. at m. o.
25,^62 . .Pr. Corp. killed, Jerusalem Plank Road.
Pr. sergt., wd. Spottsylvania, disc. Apr. 26, '65

„ 25, '62.
.Aug. 25, '62.
.Aug

.Camden  Aug. 2S,'62. .Disc. Jan. 31, '63.

.Camden  Aug. 25, '62.
. Vinalhaven ...Aug. 25, '62.
.S. Thomaston .Aug. 25, '62.

Vinalhaven
. Vinalhaven
. Vinalhaven

Died, Ft. Baker, D. C, Sept. 27,
Det. at div. hdqrs., m. o.
Disc. Apr. 9, '63.
.Aug. 2 5, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Dec. 7, '63.

'62.

..Aug. 25, '62.
. .Aug. 25, '62.

.Camden  Aug. 25, '62,
.Liberty  Aug. 25, '62.

Wd. WUderness, disc. Mch. 20, '65.
Wd. Gettysburg and Wilderness, pris. Jerusalem
Plank Road, disc Aug. 1, '65.
.Disc Feb. 6, '63.
Disc. Mch. 3, '63.

.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, absent at m. o.

.S. Thomaston. .Aug. 25, '62
.Vinalhaven . . . Aug. 2S,'62
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. May 29, '63.
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. Sept. 26
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. May 13, '63.
.Aug. 2 5, '62. .Det. in q. m. dept. m. o.

Pr. sergt. kUled, Gettysburg.
Wd. Spottsylvania, m. o.

64.

.Camden.-Camden.

.Camden  Aug.
. Camden  Aug.

.Aug. 2S,'62. .Pr. corp. wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.

Vinal, Calvin B  20
Warren, Sylvanus  44
Webster, Henry  21
West, Hosea  42
Wheeler, Jeremiah .... 44
WUson, Joseph W. ...28
Witherspoon, A. L. . .24.

25, '62. .Died Feb. 2, '63.
25, '62. .Died Feb. 12, '63.
Camden  Aug. 25, '62, . Pr. sergt. and 2d. lieut. co. A.
.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Mch. 5, '63.
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Feb. I, '64.
.Camden  Aug. 25,'62. . Pr. corp. pris. Jerusalera Plank Road, died
AndersonviUe, Mch. 30, '65.
.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Abs. sick at m. o. disc. May 23, '66.
.Bremen  Aug. 25, '62. . Wd. Gettysburg, died July 19, '63.
.Vinalhaven ...Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Apr. 20, '63.
.Vinalhaven . . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, no further record.
.Vinalhaven ...Aug. 25,'62..Pr. corp. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, disch.
June 12, '65.
.Vinalhaven . . .Aug. 25, '62. .Tr. V. R. C. Feb. 10, '64.
.Whitefield  Aug. 25. '62. .Det. hosp. attendant, sick at m. o.
.Appleton  Aug. 25, '62. .Died Nov. 16, '62.
.Rockland  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc. Aug. 18, '63.
.Whitefield  Aug. 25, '62. .Disc Mch. 31, '63.
.Camden  Aug. 25, '62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
.Camden  Aug. 2S,'62 , . Pr. sergt. m. o.

RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION'
Anderson, John  21 . .Portland  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons, died AndersonvUle, June 28, '64, record^

Anderson, C. S.
Baker, Joseph

.Richmond  Feb.
.Lewiston . . , ..^ug.

disch. do not disclose when captured.
10, '65. .Disc for pr. in regular army.
4, '63. .Cons, reptd. des. Oct. 14, '63, probably taken
pris. on that day.

ROSTER

345

Name

Age

Bogue, Edward ....

.29

Bowen, Jeremiah . . .

.23

Brady, George 

.21

CampbeU, Thomas B.

.28

Clark, John 

.35

Cieary, Dennis 

.22

Curran, John 

.24

Cummings, John . . .

.23

DaUey. Edward 

.18

Dixon, John H 

.22

Dowling, John 

.24

DuUey, Henry, G.. . .

.20

Emerson, John 

.24

Flye, Frank 

.27

Gray, Joab 

.44

Gregory, Elvirus E. .

.19

Harrigan. Patrick. . .

.28

HaU, WiUiam H 

.18

Henderson, Joseph ... 44,
Hunter, John G  22 .
Jackson, Edward  24.
KeUey, Francis  26 .
Knox. Sylvanus ... - . -22 .
Larkin, Peter  18.
Lang, John L  30.
McAUister, Alvin  34 .
McKay, Anthony F  29 ,
Meservey, Dexter ... .22 ,
MUler, Charles B  27.
MUes, Andrew J  26 .
Mulligan, Francis  26,
Nickerson, Ingraham . 30
Norris, Henry  22
O'Connor, Timothy ... 3 7
Pennon, Frederick .... 2 1
PoweU, Charles H. ... 19
Radcliff , James  43
Reynolds, 'Augustus A. 19
" " ' ' ..27. .20
. .21
..21 ..20..42
..28..26 ..21
..23..23..30..35..33
..23..22..21..25,
..38. ..27.. .44.
..24.. .19.

Reed, John 
RUey, John 
RUey, Henry 
RUey, Michael . . . .
Ripley, Charles . . .
RoUins, Benjamin J
Rosignal. Frederick
Sanders, John H. .
Savage, Edwin . . .
Smith, John 
Smith, Charles. . . .
Springer, Andrew J
Sperrin, WUliam H,
Speed, Charles H.
Spear, Freeman H.
Sumner, John F. . .
Towle, Alfred B. .
Ward, John 
Ware, Elijah 
Walker, John B. .
Washbum, PhUo B
Worley, George . .
York, Freeman . .

Residence Mustered into Re.\i,vrks
U. S. Service
.Lewiston  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. det. in arty. brig. wd. Boydton Road,
disch. May 16, '65.
.Monroe  Mch. 4, '65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Portland  Sept. 21, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Thomaston . . .I\Ich. 14, '64. .Joined as 2d. lieut.
.Portland  Apr. 19, '64. .Died of wds. June 25, '64.
.Portland  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons. pris. Mine Run, tr. Ist. H. A,
.Lewiston  Aug. 5, '63. .Cons. des. Sept. 12, '63.
.Portland  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. abs. sic'k, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Belfast  Feb. 1 1, '65. .Disch. June 3, '65.
.Portland  Aug. 10. '63. .Cons. kUlcd, Spottsylvania.
.Pembroke  July 29, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Portland  Aug. 12. '63. .Cons. tr. to navy Apr. 23, '64.
.Farmington . . .Sept. 10, "63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Bangor  Aug. 27. '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Camden  Mch. 1. '64. .Disc. Apr. 26, '64.
.Camden  Feb. 16.'65. .Tr. 1st. H- A.-
. Lewiston  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons, died June 16, '64.
.Bath  T. -July 30, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, died from amputation,
in Washington, Sept. 5, '64.
.Augusta  Dec. 22, '63. .Disch. June 3, '65.
.Portland  Aug. 17, '63. .Cons, reptd. des. from hosp. in Mch. '64.
.Westbrook . . . .Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. wd. date not shown, disch. June 13, '65.
.Bath  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
.WatervUle  Aug. 11, '63. .Cons, disc Jan. 8, '64.
.Buxton  Apr. 20, '64.. Pris. Reams' Station, died Andersonville, Oct.
20,'64.
.Portland  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons, supposed pris. disch. June 26, '65.
.Belfast  Dec. 8,'63..Tr. to navy Apr. 23, '64.
.Belfast  Mch. 4,'65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Belfast  Mch. 4,'65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
.Augusta  July 25, '63. .Des. near Stevensburg, Va., Nov. 26, '63.
.Oldtown  Sept. 19, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Portland  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist. H. A,
.Litchfield  Mch. I5,'65. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
-Searsport  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. des. Brandy Station, Dec. 4, '63.
.Augusta  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons, disc, Dec. 17, '63.
.Buxton  Apr. 20,'64. . Died, July 10, '64.
.Augusta  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons., pris. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Rockland  Nov. 28, '63. .Disc , Apr. 6, '64.
.Augusta  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. des. Sept. 29, '63.
.Portland  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons, killed, Spottsylvania.
.Portland  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. des. Brandy Station, Dec. 4, '63.
-Portland  Aug. IS, '63. .Cons. des. near Stevensburg, Va., Nov. 26, '63.
.Portland  Aug. II, '63. .Cons, died, Dec. 25, '63.
.Belfast  Feb. 20,'64. .KUled, WUdemess.
.Belfast  Dec. 8,'63. .Tr. to navy, Apr. 23, '64.
.Phipsburg  Feb. 29, '64. .Pris. Hatchers Run, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Lincoln  Sept. 10, '63. .Cons, paroled pris., disc, Dec. 5, '64.
.Chester  Aug. 13, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Portland  Sept. 10,'63. .Cons, died, Dec. 31, '63.
.Augusta  Aug. 15, '63. .-Abs. sick at m. o. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Litchfield  Sept. 7, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist. H, A.
.MUford  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons. tr. to navy, Apr. 23, '64.
.Macwahoc  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Belfast  Dec. 8,'63..Tr. to navy, Apr. 3, '64.
.Camden  Sept. 20, '64. .Disch., May 13, '65.
.Lagrange  Aug. 14, '63. .Cons. wd. WUdemess, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Westbrook . . . .Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. kUled, WUdemess.
.Oldtown  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road.
.Oldtown  Aug. 12, '63. .Cons, disch., June 21, '65.
.Frankfort  Aug. 5, '63. .Cons. pris. Bristoe Station, died in prison, Rich
mond, Jan. I, '64.
.Portland  Aug. II, '63. .Cons, des., Sept. 12, '63, never joined co.
.Bucksport  Sept. 17, '63. .Cons. pris. Reams' Station, disch. June 17, '65.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT, JUNE IS, 1864.
Babson, Joseph B. . . .
Boardway, Joseph . . .
Boynton, Leverett S.

Butler, Michael . .

21 . .Brooklin  Jan. 1,'64. .Vet. pr. sergt. 2d. lieut. co. F.
21 . .Orono  Aug. 18, '63. .Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr.Ist. H. A.
21 . .S. Danvers, Ms. Jan. 1,'64 Vet. pris. Reams' Station, died, Andersonville,
Nov. 27, '64.
38. .Boscommon ...Dec. 3, '61. .Disch. exp. term.

346

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Name
Burgin, Augustus .
Colson, Prentice . . .
Fowles, Lyman P. .
Gray, Clarendon W.
Grant, Lemuel C. . .
Jellerson, Lemuel B.
Kent, Edward E. . .
Kelley, Jeremiah. . .

Knowlton, John M
Lambert, Jonas B.
Madison, James D.
Merrow, Hezekiah
Metcalf, William .
MUes, Charles ....
Newbit, Lora A. .
Newbit, Austin . .
Nickerson, Benjamin
Rich, Wesley

SmaU, Samuel D. ,

Stanley, Edgar A. . .
Wragg, Theodore M
York, Edward ....

.22. .27,.23,.18,.21, .20
.21.25
.20.18.38,.25,.42, .21,.26.20
.38 .20

Age Residence Mustered into
U. S. Service
.Searsport  Dec. I0,'62..Wd. Gettysburg,

Remarks

.Frankfort  Jan. 1,'64,
.Brewer  Aug. 22, '63.
.Stockton  Jan. I, '64.
.Frankfort  Jan. I, '64.
. Monroe  Jan. I , ' 64 .
.Brewer  Jan. 1,'64.
.SwanviUe  Aug. 28, '63.
.SwanviUe  Aug. 21, '63.

.Monroe  Aug.
.Lawrence Ms.. .Aug.
. Fairfield  July
.Fairfield  -Aug.
.Springfield, Ms. Aug.
. Appleton  Aug.
.Appleton  Aug.
.Eden  Dec
. Jackson  Dec.

18, '63
29, '63
21, '63
19, '63-
25, '63
27, '63
22, '63
31, '61,
3,'6I-

-23- -Bucksport  Dec- 8, '62

.28-.23.
.19.

Brewer  Aug.
Lowell  Aug.
Hermon  Aug.

12, '63,
21, '63
26, '63

pris. Jerusalem plank Road,
died, AndersonvUle, Sept. II, '64.
.Vet. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. wd. WUderness, tr. V. R. C.
.Vet. pr. sergt. and 2d. lieut.
.Vet. tr. Ist. H. A. "-s
.Vet. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Vet. Corp. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, Rebel
Prison, Oct. 28, '64.
.Cons. wd. Mch. 31, '65, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Cons, disch. May 19, '65.
.Cons, died, Feb. 12, '65.
.Cons. Icilled, Petersburg.
.Cons. wd. WUdemess, died at home, Sept. 20, '64.
. Cons. pris. Reams' Station, tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Disch. exp. term.
. Pris. Gettysburg, died. Belle Isle prison, Nov.
18, '64.
.Pris. Gettysburg, died, BeUe Isle prison, Nov.
15, '64.
.Cons. wd. WUderness, disch.. May 20, '65.
.Cons. tr. Ist. H. A.
.Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED INFANTRY IN
NOVEMBER 1864.

Caiman, James J  22. .Clinton  Oct.
Cunningham, George H.I8. .Augusta  Oct.

Fairbrother, James. ... 18
Gordon, Sylvanus  34.
Lewis, WUson C  33 .
MoNeUey, Hazen  33 .
Peny, Stephen W. ... 20 .
Plummer, Edward L. . . 3 1 .
Speed, Enoch R  22.
Taylor, Dexter  44 .
Tibbetts, Rodney D. . .23.
Tobin, James B  27 .

Limerick  Oct.
Mercer  Oct.
Clinton  Oct.
.Clinton  Oct.
, Burnham  Oct.
, Pittsfield  Oct.
.Athens  Oct.
.Gardiner  Oct.
.Smithfield  Oct.
.Windsor  Oct.

5, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
S,'64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '64. .Sergt., tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64. .Capt. assigned to co. G.
S,'64, ,Mus. tr. Ist. H . A.
5, '64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
S,'64, ,Tr. 1st. H. A.
S,'64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64. .Corp., tr. 1st, H. A.
5, '64. .Corp., tr. Ist. H. A.

Company K.

SOLDIERS WHO VOLUNTEERED AND JOINED COMPANY AT ITS ORGANIZATION.

Richard Crockett  32.
George A. KimbaU ...20.
George A. Wadsworth 21 .

Weld Sargent . . .
Joseph W. Winter
Samuel E. Buckman
William Boynton Jr.
Thomas P. Beath . .
James N. Hinkley .
Edwin W. Swett . . .
George L. Grant .
GUes O. BaUey . . .

..30...37. .31. .35..20.
.31. .22..33.
 „_..„,  20.
Addison Sawyer  22 .
David R. Bressons ... 41 .
Charles T. Clifford ...25.
Blackman, Charles ... 18.
BlaisdeU, Richard M. .38.
Blaisdell, Robert B. . .30,

SERGEANTS
.Brunswick  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 2d. and 1st. lieut.
.Bath  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
.Bath  Aug. 25,'62..Pr. sergt.-maj., wd. Gettysburg, pr. 2d. lieut.
CO. E.
.Boothbay  Aug. 2 5, '62. .Red. wd. Gettysburg, pr. corp., wd. Spottsylvan
ia, died, July 6, '64.
. W. Bath  Aug. 25, '62. . Red. pr. commissary sergt,, m. u.
CORPORALS
.Eastport  Aug. 25, '62. . Pi. 2d. lieut,, wd. Gettysburg, died, Dec. 3, '63 .
.Bath  .Aug. 25, '62. .Pr. sergt,. kille,!, Gettysburg.
.Boothbay  .Aug. 25, '62. , Pr, 1st. lieut. and capt. co. C.
.Georgetown . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. 1st. sergt, and 2d. lieut., mortally wd. Mor
ton's Ford, died, Feb. IS. '64.
.Arrowsic  Aug. 25, '62. .Red. det. in 4. U. S. arty., wd. Wilderness, m. u.
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. sergt. wd. Gettysburg, died, Nov. 5, '63.
.Gardiner  Aug. 25, '62 .. Disc, Sept. l-l, '62.
.Bath  Aug. 2 5, '62, .Red. wd. Gettysburg, m. u.
MUSICIAN
.ChesterviUe. . . .Aug. 25, '62. . Disc. Jan. 26, '63.
WAGONER
.Bath  Aug. 2S,'62..Tr. V. R. C, Jan. 15, '64.
PRIVATES
.Bath  Aug. 25, '62. .M o.
.Phipsburg ....Aug. 25,'62..Wd. Gettysburg and Strawberry Plains, disc.
May 31, '65.
.Phipsburg . . ,-^ur:, 25, '62. . Tr. to navy, .Apr. 15, ^64.

ROSTER

347

Name Age Residence Mustered into Remarks
U. S- Service
Blake, Edwin  20. .Bath  Aug. 25,'62. . Wd. Gettysburg, disc

Bowker, Charles H.
Boyd, Abijah P 
Brown, George H . . . ,
Butler, Elijah C 
Butler, James B 
CampbeU, EUjah Jr. . .
ChUd, Thomas 
Clary, James E.

Clough, Thomas  36
Coombs, Charles R. ... 19
Curtis, Edward B  18
Cushman, George W. . 20 .
DoUoff, Beniah P  20.
Dunton, Ezekiel L  20.
Eaton, George T  18 .
EUiott, Henry H  18 .
Emerson, Luther  34 .
Fogler, George P  34.
Fowles, Ezra L  19 .
Francis, Nelson  19 .
French, David M  42 .
Graves, Alpheus M. ... 19 .
Greenlow, Wuiiam T.. . 32 .
Grows, George E  24.
Hanson, Benjamin B. .33.
Hagan, Thomas M  25.
Hathom, Darius  29 .
Heal, James T  31.
Heal, George W  21.
Holbrook. Alpheus M. 23.
JeUison, Alvah  21 .
Knights, James H. ... 18 .
Lewis. Jaraes H  20.
Little, Horace A  19 .
Lombard, David C. . . 22 .
LoweU, John R. B  19 .
Lowe, Charles M  20.
Marr, Calvin E  36.
McAvoy, Charles E. . . 18 .
McFarland.Nathaniel C.20 .
McKenney, WUliam ..20.
Mereen, Samuel  21 .
Mitchell, Jesse  43.
MitcheU, Edward T  24.
MitcheU, Isaac W  18.
Mitchell, Simmons .A.. . 19 .
Nichols, Oliver P  18.
Oliver, Loring C  34 .
Oliver, Thomas 4th. . . 39 .
Pinkham, Lyman W. . 23 .
Pratt, Samuel Jr  24.
Proctor, Warren  19 .
Pye, Thomas A  20.
Rogers, Josiah B  19 .
Rourke, Lawrence J. . . 18 .

Phipsburg ....Aug. 25
.Boothbay  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Phipsburg  Aug. 25
.Phipsburg ....Aug. 25
.Georgetown . . .Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Georgetown ...Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.W. Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
. Brunswick .... Aug. 2 5
.Boothbay  Aug. 25
.Westport  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Boothbay  Aug. 25
. Boothbay  Aug 25
.Westport  Aug. 25
.Arrowsic  Aug. 25
Bath  Aug. 25

. Brunswick
.Phipsburg.Brunswick

.Aug. 25
.Aug. 25
.Aug. 25

Scott, Thomas E. . .
Shea, Samuel B. . . .
Smith, Melville 
Snowman, Ambrose
Spinney, Charles F. .
Sprague, Charles E. .
Stevens, Carroll H. . .
SuUivan, Jeremiah . .
Swasey, John J 
Tobie, PhUander H.
Trafton, Stephen P.
VareU, GUman N. . .
WaUace, James R. . .
Webber, Isaac Jr. . .

..25.
..30...20.
..22...22. ..18.
..18.. .18.
..38.
..22...20. ..25.
. .18.
..20.

.Pittston  Aug. 25
.Georgetown ...Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Phipsburg  Aug. 25
.Georgetown . . .Aug. 25
.W. Bath  Aug. 25
.Kennebunk. . . -Aug. 25
. Bangor  Aug. 25
.Brunswick  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Georgetown ...Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Boothbay  Aug. 25
. Westport  Aug. 25
. Phipsburg .... Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25
.Phipsburg ....Aug. 25
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25
. Boothbay  Aug. 2 5
.Richmond  Aug. 25
. Brunswick .... Aug. 2 5
. Phipsburg .... Aug. 2 5
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Georgetown ...Aug. 25
.Georgetown . . .Aug. 25
. Brunswick  Aug. 25
.Georgetown ...Aug. 25
.Phipsburg . . . .Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Lewiston .... Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
.Bath  Aug. 25
. Georgetown . . . Aug. 2 5

Rye, N. H.
Phipsburg

.Aug. 25
.Aug. 25

, Oct. 7, '63.
'62. .Disc. June 2:, '65.
'62.. M. o.
'62. .Pris. Reams' Station, m. o. ^
'62. .KUled, North Anna.
'62. .Died, Falmouth, Va., Mch. 14, '63.
'62. .Pr. sergt., disc. Mch. 3, '63.
'62. .Det. brig. p. m. pr. 1st. lieut. co. E., 31st. Me.,
'62.. Disc, Mch. 23, '63.
'62. .Reptd. des. from hosp., Apr. 20, '63.
'62.. Died, Dec. 27, '62.
'62. .Det. in 4. U. S. arty., pris. Reams' Station m.o.
'62. .Pr. Corp., disc, Dec. 16, '63.
Pr. sergt. 2d. and 1st. lieut.
Wd. Gettysburg, tr. to navy, Apr. 15, '64.
Pr. q. m. sergt., died, Mch. 27, '64.
M.

62. 62.
'62.'62.'62.'62.'62

wd. Jerusalem Plank Road ,
" '64.

Disc, Oct. 16, '63.
KUled, Gettysburg.
Det. 1st. R. I. arty., kUled, Spottsylvania,
¦62.. KUled, Gettysburg.
'62.. Disc, Mch. 10. '63.
'62. . Pr. corp. and sergt., m. o.
'62.. Disc, Mch. 10, '63,
'62 . . Pr. Corp. and sergt ,
died, of wds., July 7
'62.. Pr. 2d. lieut. co. K.
'62. . Pr. Corp. and sergt.. wd. Strawberry Plains, ra. u.
'62.. Disc, Feb. 28, '63.
'62 . . KiUed, Gettysburg.
'62.. Died, Dec. 11, '62.
'62. .Musician, m. o.
'62.. Wd. Gettysburg, disc, Mch. 1, '64.
'62. .Wd. Boydton Road, m. o.
'82. .KiUed, Gettysburg.
'62. .Pr. Corp., m. o.
'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc, Oct. 28, '63.
'62. .Det. mus. disc, Jan. 10, '63.
'62. .KUled, Gettysburg.
'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C, July 16, '63.
'62. .KUled, Gettysburg.
'62. . Pr. Corp., wd. and pris. Jerusalem Plank Road.
died Andersonville Mch. 13, '65.
'62.. Wd. Gettysburg, abs. at m. o.
'62. .Wd. North Anna, m. o.
'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, disc, Jan. 8, '64.
'62. .Det. q. ra. dept., m. o.
'62. .Wd. Gettysburg,tr. V. R. C, Nov. 1, '63.
¦62. .Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C.
'62. .Killed, Gettysburg.
'62. .Wd. Gettysburg, died, July 20, '63.
'62. .Disc, Feb. 16, '63.
¦62.. Disc, Mch. 10, ^63.
¦62. .Pioneer corps, pr. Corp., m. o.
¦62. .Wd. Gettysburg, pr. Corp., disch., June 26, ^65.
¦62. . Reptd. a des.
¦62. .Tr. to navy, Apr. 15, '64.
'62. .Pr. Corp., wd. Spottsylvania, died, May 28, '64.

Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62.

.Wd. Gettysburg, disc. Apr. 23, '65.
.Wd. Gettysburg, died, July 20, '63.
.Abs. sick, disch., June 6, '65.
.Disc, Apr. 20, '63.
.Dropped from the rolls as des., Oct. 24, '64.
.Died, Falmouth, Va., Feb. 1, '63.
.Disc, Feb, 18, '63.
.Tr. V. R. C.
.Tr. to navy, Apr. 15, '64.
.Killed, Spottsylvania.
.Wd Gettysburg, pr. sergt., wd. Jerusalem Plank
Road, m. o'
.Wd. Gettysburg, tr. V. R. C. .Nov. 22, '63.
. Wd. Spottsylvania.
. Pr. 1st. sergt., wd. Wilderness, m. o.

348

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

Age Residence Mustered into

TT G ^PRVICK
, . .24. .Boothbay  Aug.' 25, '62. .Disc, Mch. 10, '63.
. . .21. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62. .Wd. Gettysburg, in hosp. at m. o.
. . .26. .Richmond  Aug. 25, '62, .Wd. Gettysburg, died, July 18, '63.
... 1 8 .. Arrowsic  Aug. 25, '62. . Pr. Corp., wd. WUderness, m. o.
. . .18. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Falmouth, Va., Dec. 30, '62.
. . .36. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62. .Died, Falmouth, Va., Dec. 26, '62.

Name
Webster, Leonard S
Webster, Lorenzo .
Williams, Henry N.
WiUis, William T...
Wylie, James A. . .
Wylie, Samuel Jr. . .
RECRUITS AND CONSCRIPTS WHO JOINED
Allen, Manley  32. .Augusta  Aug,
Bennett, George H- ... 19
Bennett, Sumner H.. . .44
Bixby. George  24
Bourne, Justin T  22
Carter, Edwin F  18
Chapman, John S  30. .Damariscotta .Feb
Chase, George  36. .Waterville  Aug.
Dorrity, Charles M. . . .20. .Corinth  Sept
Farrar, Leroy  21.- Augusta  July
Fielding, John  38. .Augusta  Aug,
Flinn, Charles B  18 '
Ford, Lot A  19
Gibbs, Reuben  38

Remarks

. .Camden  Di
. .Camden  Dec.
. . Lewiston  Aug.
. .Levant  Sept,
. .Lewiston  Feb.

. . Levant  Sept.
. . Montville  July
. , Fairfield  Aug.

Glidden, Wesley ....
Greenwood , William .
Hawes, Wilson 
Hefferan, Thomas. . .
Hicks, James W 
Higgins, William N. ,
Holmes, Charles 
Howard, Charles A. .
Howard, William . . . ,
Jacobs, E Iward ....
Kilfeddsr, Robert . . ,
Lee, Peter 
LoweU, William R. . .
McAllister, Gardiner.
McKeen, Loring - - - -
McDonald, Angus - .
McKinsey, Norman .
Murray, Maurice ...
Porter, Josiah H. . . .
Porter, Willis M 
Potter, Samuel 

.23,.21,
.18,.30,.22..18.
.26. .22..18..23.
.30. .20,.21,.19,.32,.33..21,.21, .23
.20.22

Rand, Albert G  31 .
Robinson, Albert  24.
Roberts, Henry  25.
Sawyer, Ether C. G. . . . 22 .
Shepherd, Nelson R. . .20.
Taylor. James W  18 .
Thompson, John L. ... 22 .
Thompson, Alonzo . . .28.
TUton, Newell B  .«. . .
Wakefield, Thomas D. . . .
Wentworth, Asa C  38.
Wells, Albert L  18.
WiUiams, John H  20.

.Orneville  Aug.
.Lewiston  Aug.
. Waterville  Aug.
.Portland  Aug.
.Lewiston  Aug.
.Belfast  Nov.
. Oldtown  Aug.
.Portland  Sept.
. Georgetown , . . Aug.
.Appleton  Dec.
. Portland  Aug.
. Thomaston ... Aug.
. Phipsburg .... Aug.
.Stoneham . . . .Aug.
. Lewiston  July
. Portland  Aug.
. Lewiston  Aug.
. Lewiston  Feb.
. Bradford  Aug.
.Oldtown  Sept.
.Portland  Sept.
. Bangor  Aug.
Bath  Aug.
Portland  Sept.
Medford  Aug.
Augusta  Aug.
Gardiner  Aug.
Lewiston  Aug.
Porter  Aug.
Etna  Sept,
Bath  Aug.
Sarsfield pl  Aug.
Mercer  Jan.
Lewiston  Aug.

COMPANY SUBSEQUENT TO ITS ORGANIZATION
17, ¦63. .Sub. disc, Dec II, ^63.
3, ¦63. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
3,^63. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
I4,^63..Sub. disc, Jan. II, ^64.
11,63. . Cons. pris. Wilderness and in prison at m. o.
26,^64. .Died, Apr. 14, ¦64.
27,^64. .Wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, July 7, ^64.
8,^63. .Sub. disch., June 8. ^65.
18, ¦63. .Sub. disch., May 22 '65.
22, '63. .Sub. wd. Totopotomoy, disch,, Apr. 29, '65.
14, '63. .Sub. disc, Dec. 16, '63.
22, ¦63. . Pr. sergt. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr.Ist. H.A.
22,^63..Wd. WUderness, died May 19, ^64.
13, '63. .Sub. pris. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, Ander
sonville, Jan. 23, '65.
14, '63. .Cons., died, June 15, '64.
6.^63.. Sub. pris. Reams^ Station, tr. Ist. H. A.
17, ¦63. .Cons., tr. V. R. C, Sept. 11, ^64.
14,'63. .Sub. tr. to co. F.
13,^63 . .Sub. wd. WUderness, tr. Ist. H, A.
30,'63. .Abs. sick, tr. Ist. H. A.
6, '63. .Cons., wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
22, '63. .Cons. tr. 1st. H. A.
14, '63. .Abs. sick, tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '63. .Died near Brandy Station, Va., Feb. 18, '64.
II, '63. .Sub. pr. Corp., wd. Wilderness, tr. Ist. H. A.
12, '63 . . Sub. killed, Totopotomoy.
14, '63. .Sub. tr. to navy, Apr. 15, '63.
12, '63. .Sub. wd. WUderness, tr. 1st. H. A.
16, '63.. Cons., disc, Oct. II, '63.
14, '63. .Cons, reptd. des., Nov. 26, '63.
8, '63. .Cons, des., Sept. 8, '63.
12, '64. .Pris. Reams' Station, tr. 1st. H. A.
12, '63. .Sub., wd. Spottsylvania, tr. 1st. H. A.
18, '63. .Cons. wd. Spottsylvania, tr. Ist.H. A.
23, '63. .Sub. reptd. des. Oct. 13, '63, probably captured
by enemy.
28, '63. .Sub. wd. WUdemess, disc, Jan. 9, '65.
7, '63. .Sub. des. wd. WUdemess Sept. 28, '64.
23, '63.. Sub. pris. Bristoe Station, died, AndersonvUle,
July 24, '64.
14, '63. .Cons., disch., June 19, '65..
13, '63. .Sub. des. Mch 5, '65.
5, '63. .Wd. Jerasalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
17, '63. .Mortally wd. WUdemess, died May 22, '64.
13, '63. .Cons., disc, Apr. II, '64.
22, '63. .Cons., killed. North Anna.
25, '62. .Com. -sergt., red. disc, Jan. 18, '63.
15, '63. .Cons, died, Dec. 29, '63, at Washington.
2, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
5, '63. .Sub. wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. Ist. H. A.

SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY FROM FOURTH MAINE REGIMENT, JUNE 15, 1864

Auld, Rufus 
Blake, John P. . .
Bryer, Albert W.
Corey, John K. .
GUes, Cfharles E. Jr
Grover, Moses ...
Harthorn, WUliam
Jackson, James E.
Jackson, Amasa J.
Kennedy, Thomas , ,
Kenniston, Samuel E,

M.

.28. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62
.20. .Boothbay  Aug. 2 5, '62
.21. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62
.22. .Boothbay  Aug. 25. '62
.18. .Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62
.44.. Perry  Aug. 30, '63
.20. .Thomaston ...Jan. 1,'64
.24.. Belmont  Dec. 9, '63
.43. .Belmont  Aug. 22, '63
.21. .Belfast  Aug- 26, '63
.36. .Lewiston  Aug. 26, '63

M.o.
. .Pr. Corp., m, o.
. .Wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, died, of wds.
July 27, '64.
. . Wd. Cold Harbor, disch., June 9, '65.
. Pr. Corp., m.o.
.Cons. pris. Spottsylvania and in prison at m. o.
.Vet. pr. Corp., tr. Ist. H. A.
.Disch., May 22, '65.
. .Cons., wd. Jerusalem Plank Road, tr. 1st. H. A.
. .Cons., tr. 1st. H. A., reptd. abs. wd.
Cons, died in Washington, June 7, '64.

ROSTER

349

Name
Larmour, John W.
Page, James W. . . .
Page, Amos M 
Perkins, Thomas R.
Pinkham, Francis C
Scribner, Albert C
Simpson, Elisha .
Simpson, John. . .
Smith, WiUiam M,
Smith, James. . . .
Smith, Fairfield. .
Smiley James . . .
Trott, Solomon S.
Trott, Amos C. . .
Ward, Joseph . . .

Age Residence

Mustered into Re.m.'.rks
U. S. Service
.Alexandria .. . .Nov. I, '61.. Disc. Nov. 3, '64.
.Sedgwick  Nov. 9, '61. .Disc, Nov. 8, '64, exp. term.
.Kenduskeag . .Nov. 9, '61. . Disc. Nov. 8, '64, exp. term.
.Gardiner  Jan. 1,'64. .Vet. pr. corp., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62. . Sick in hosp. at m. o.
.Charleston . . . .Aug. 24, '63. .Cons., pris. WUdemess, tr. 1st. H. A.
.Bradford  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd. tr. 1st. H. A.
.Bradford  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd. Oct. 23, '64, disch., June 2, '65,
.Boothbay  Aug. 25, '62. .Sergt., disc. July 17, '64.
.Oldtown  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd., tr. Ist. H. A.
.Kingsbury  Aug. 15, '63. .Cons. abs. tr. Ist.H. A.
.Portland  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd., tr. Ist. H. A.
.Winn  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd., tr. 1st. H. A.
.Winn  Aug. 25, '63. .Cons., wd.. North Anna tr. Ist.IH. A.
.Saco  Sept. 2, '63. .Cons., disc, June 16, '64.

SOLDIERS WHO JOINED COMPANY FROM FIFTH COMPANY UNASSIGNED.iINFANTP.y IN
NOVEMBER, 1864.

Abbott, Edmund M
Graves, Simmer.
Hart, Noah ....
Hart, Sampson .
Hart, Eben 
Harvey, Joseph.
McPherson, John M
Odlin, John H. . .
Rolf, Cephas M. .
Russell, WUliam
Sawyer, Rolonson
Smart, Sylvester
Sutton, James H.
Trask, Elbridge..
Winn, Charles J.

.18. .18.
.18. .18.
.18. .43.
.21..28..18. .20. 18

.Bristol  Oct.
. Waldoboro . . . .Oct.
.Waldoboro . . . .Oct.
.Pittsfield  Oct.
.Waldoboro . . . .Oct.
.Waldoboro . . . .Oct.
. Windsor  Oct.
. Mercer  Oct.
. Waldoboro .... Oct.
.Windsor  Oct.
Norridgewock. . Oct.

. 18. .Augusta  Oct.
.28. .Waldoboro . . . .Oct.
.26. .Waterville  Oct.
.18. .Waldoboro . . . .Oct.

5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64. .Tr. 1st. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
S,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64.. Disch., May 20,
5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. Ist. H. A.
5, '64.. Disc, Feb. 25,
5, '64. .Tr. Ist. H. A.
5,'64..Tr. 1st. H.A.

'65.

65.

Appendix.

APPENDIX 353

APPENDIX.

The author of this volume is a native of Maine and proud
of her history. Nothing has contributed more to the renown
of the Pine Tree State than the character of her statesmen
from 1855 to 1870 and the service and sacrifice of her sons
during the distressing period of the Civil War. Her sons
and their descendants may be found in every State of the
Union. When the flag and the perpetuity of the Govern
ment were threatened in the sixties, these sons of Maine —
these patriotic men of patriotic spirit and hardihood — re
sponded to the call of their country.
The men who died for their country and its institutions,
on the battlefields of the War, should be gratefully remem
bered. Let us recall a few of their names: Hiram G. Berry,
Rockland; Hiram Burnham, Cherryfield; Daniel Chaplin and
William L. Pitcher, Bangor; Freeman McGilvery, Stockton;
Charles S. Bickmore, Ebenezer Whitcomb and Robert H.
Gray, Searsport; Calvin S. Douty, Dover; Wilham S. Heath,
Waterville; Edwin Burt, Augusta; Stephen Boothby and
George F. Leppien, Portland; Winslow P. Spofford, Dedham;
Archibald D. Leavitt, Turner; William Knowlton, Lewiston;
William C. Morgan, Comville; Joel A. Haycock, Calais; and
James P. Jones, China.
These men were killed in battle. They were all general
and staff officers of Maine organizations. Maine is richer
because these men lived — and died. But this list comprises
only a few of the officers, highest in command. Line officers
and enlisted men who fell in battle, who died in hospitals or
miserably perished in the prisons of the South, make a list
of heroes which is Maine's richest heritage.
In the examination of the War records and in the research
necessary to be made in the preparation of this work, the
author gathered information not pertinent to a Regimental
History. It may, however, be of sufficient general interest
to the people of Maine, to justify its printing.

354

THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT

A partial list of men born in the State of Maine, who
entered the military service of the United States from other
states or through the regular army and attained the rank of
general or field officer, is herewith appended. W. P indi
cates that the men were educated at West Point.

James G. Blunt,
C C. Washbum,
E. D. Keyes (W. P.),

MAJOR-GENERALS Appointed from Kansas.
Entered service from Wisconsin.
Appointed to West Point from Maine
but bom in Massachusetts.

BRIGADIER-GENERALS

Adelbert Ames (W. P.),
James H. Carleton,
Francis Fessenden,
Cuvier Grover (W. P.),
Cyrus HamUn,
Edward Hatch,
Joseph Hayes,
Edward W. Hinks,
Albion P. Howe (W. P.),
Rufus Ingalls(W. P.),
Francis G. Lanners (W. P.),
Henry Prince (W. P.),
Eliakim P. Scammon (W. P.)
Seth Williams (W. P.),

Formerly 1st Lieut. Sth U. S. Artillery.
Col. 1st California Infantry.
Capt. 19th U. S. Infantry.
Capt. 10th U. S. Infantry.
Col. 80th U. S. C. Infantry.
Col. 2nd Iowa Cavalry.
Col. 18th Massachusetts Infty.
Col. 1 Qth Massachusetts Inf try
Capt. 4th U. S. Artillery.
Q. M. and Major U. S. A.
Col. 43rd New York Infantry.
Capt. 4th U. S. Infantry.
Col, 23rd Ohio Infantry.
Lt.-Col.Asst. A. G., U. S. A.

COLONELS

Melville A. Cochran,
Albert Erskine,
Samuel A. Foster, .
John W. T. Gardiner,
Charles F. Haynes,
Horatio C. King, .
Edward B. Knox,
William J. McDermott,
Alfred Morton,
James W. H. Stickney,
Peter G. Stuyvesant,
Charles W. Thompson (W. P.),
James H. Thompson,
Charles J. Whiting,
Henry C. Wood (W. P.),
Joseph S. Gage,
Augustus H. Gibson (W. P.)
Samuel Harriman,
John H. Holman, .
Marshall S. Howe,

6th U. S. Infantry.
. 13 th Illinois Cavalry.
35th Missouri Infantry.
. 2nd U, S. Cavalry.
Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
. Q. M. U.S. Voluntee
44th New York Infantry.
Surgeon 66th New York, Infantr
7th California Infantry.
3rd New York Infantry
Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
. Q. M. U. S. A.
Surgeon U. S., Volunteers.
2nd U. S. Cavalry.
. Asst.. A. G. U. S. A.
29th Missouri Infantry.
2nd Pennsylvania Artillery.
37th Wisconsin Infantry.
1st U. S. C. Infantry.
Srd U. S. Cavalry.

APPENDIX 355
Daniel Huston, . . 7th Missouri Cavalry.
Warren L. Lothrop . 1st Missouri Light ArtiUery.
Granville Moody, . 74th Ohio Infantry .
Thomas F. Purley, Medical Inspector General.
Charles G. Sawtelle (W. P.), . Q. M. U. S. A.
Orland Smith, 73rd Ohio Infantry
Charles R. Thompson, . . 12th U. S. C. Infantry.
Ansel D. Wass, .... 60th Massachusetts Infantry.
William Appleton Webb (W. P.), 42nd Illinois Infantry.
Edward F. Winslow, 4th Iowa Cavalry.
LIEUTENANT-COLONELS
John S. Cook, . 26th Massachusetts Infantry.
Seth Eastman, . 1st U. S. Infantry.
Robert F. Patterson, . 29th Iowa Infantry.
William Sanborn, . . . 22nd Michigan Infantry.
Charles W. Thomas (W. P.), ... 7th U. S. Infantry.
Charles A. Whittier, . Asst. A. G., U. S. Vols. (20th Mass.).
MAJORS
Josiah H. Carlisle (W. P.)  2nd U. S. Artillery.
Stephen D. Carpenter (W. P.), 19th U. S. Infantry. Killed battle of
Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, 1862.
John A. Darling, . . . 3rd Pennsvl vania Artillery.
John Edwards (W. P.),  3rd U. S. Artillery.
Frederick W. Emery, . Asst. A. G., U. S. Volunteers, Kansas.
The following commissioned officers, below the rank of
Major, who lost their lives in the service, were born in Maine:
Roderick Stone (W. P.), Captain 14th U. S. Infantry, mortally
wounded battle of Valverde, New Mexico, Feb. 21, 1862.
William H. Chamberlain, 1st Lieutenant, 17th U. S. Infantry;
killed at Gettysburg, July 2nd, 1863.
Otto Fisher, 1st Lieutenant Sth U. S. Infantry; mortally
wounded tiattle of Poplar Spring Church, Va., Sept. 30th,
1864; died Oct. 3rd, 1864.
Thomas H. Green (W. P.), Captain on staff of General Prince,
commanding Second Division of Banks' Army Corps; killed
at battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 1862.
I regret to state that Maine has to her credit (or dis
credit) the fact that several of her sons, born within her
borders and educated at West Point at the public's expense,
deserted the old flag and fought for the South and the perpet
uation of human slavery. The writer recalls three such cases.
Frederick Lynn Childs, born in Maine but appointed to
West Point from North Carolina, became a Lieutenant-
Colonel in the artillery branch of the Confederate army.
James Hoffman Hill, born in Maine but appointed to

356 THE NINETEENTH MAINE REGIMENT
West Point from New York, became a Major and Assistant
Adjutant-General in the Confederate service.
Danville Leadbetter was born in and appointed to West
Point from Maine and became a Brigadier-General in the
Confederate army. Leadbetter never distinguished himself
for bravery or skill upon the battlefield. He won his doubt
ful honors from the Confederacy by reason of his brutal and
fiendish persecution of Union men and women and their
famihes in East Tennessee.

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