Yals University Library ""^^^^^TJ*"jtt5S?S HBr -~-'--*f£-Wt~-^ WSl 111111111111 j^^gj^Sg^gjS.'f^g;'? ^'fi^^^ls^^^^:^;^ SiiiillHr1^ - ' ~ ...--- r~5jr*5JXSaC4^^ > Y^LH«¥MII¥lEIESair¥- Bought with the income of the Class of 1896 Fund tf*7 Diary of The Twentieth Iowa From Its Organization Until it Was Mustered Out After the War W; H. Boyce of this city/presi dent of the Twentieth Iowa Infantry association, has handed to this paper a brief history of the Twentfeth Iowa regiment as compiled by Lieut. J. Wilkins Moore, now deceased. The aeoount Is taken from the diary of Mr. Moore and' is as complete as it would be possible to have one. "On the 19th of August. 1802. the companies destined for organization into a regiment to be called the Twentieth Iowa infantry, all arrived at Clinton, and the work ot organiza tion commenced. They drilled for four hours each day August 20, 21. 22 and 23. On the 25th thev were mustered into service and on the 26't'h, drew their arms and equipment. On the 31st the first marching orders were received and the regiment was formed in line and marched down to the river front where thev boarded the steamer Canada. They arrived on September 1st at Camp McClellan at Davenport at daylight. After this they were marched to Camp Herron where the authorities had just commenced erecting the bar racks which were to shelter the men from the rain which was falling in torrents. On September 2nd Captain J. C. Leake was promoted to the of- five of lieutenant colonel. On this day the friends of the Scott county boys brought all manners of delica cies of the season and the soldiers fairly reveled in good things to eat. Boarded the Steamer. On the 5th marching orders were received and by noon all the soldiers were stowed away on the steamer Metropolitan. The banks of the river were lined with friends of the boys and amid great cheering the trip down the Mississippi was started. On the 7th the soldiers embarked on board the steamer Northerner ' In the midst of a heavy rain and at night fall arrived in St. Louis, but spent the night on board the steam- V On the 8th at 7 a. m. they started for the Benton Barracks which was found to be very comfortable. The entire day of the 9th was spent in drilling and inspection and cleaning up. I On the 14th marching orders were ' received and hi' 9 a. m. the regiment started for the Pacific railroad depot. At 11 all were aboard and started for Rolla, where they arrived in the evening. On the 15th thev drew tents just in time to escape a heavy drenching as the rain fell in tor rents again. Made P. Hard March. On the 16th they started out on the hardest march they made, 16 miles were made and camp was struck on the banks of a. stream called the Little Plnev, where they joined the 19th Iowa. 20th Wisconsin and 94th Illinois already encamped. On the 17th march was resumed late in the day and only 8 miles werr- made when camp was struck on the banks of the Big- Piney. It was at this place that the tents which were to last through the Missouri cam paign, were given out. On the 18th a march of 18 miles was made to "VVavnesville. where they ' again went into camp and for th'.< first time pitched their tents accord ing to military rules. On the 19th a ! march of 15 miles was made to the banks of the Gasconade. On the 2 0th the regiment marched 18 miles and camped near Wilson's pond. On the outskirts of town named Lebanon, A large number of tho soldiers hired teams to carry their knapsacks, which had grown very heavy. It was at Wilson's Pond that the first ration of whiskey to the regiment was issued. Find Plenty of Fruit. On the 21st the regiment marched to Sykcs Tavern, 12 miles and went into camp. Part of the regiment went six miles further on. Plenty of fruit was found here and all the sol-1 diers kept their haversacks well filled with it. On the 2 2d they marched to Mill Springs, where they en camped. On the 2 3d thev remained in camp all day recuperating t'heir almost lost energies. On the 24th march was resumed at daylig'ht and the town of Springfield was reached. Here camp was pitch ed after <± march of 12 miles. From the 2 7th to the 2Sth time was taken up with preparing for a campaign. The regiment was kept busy drilling and having dress parades and such army maneuvers. A large number of the men were sick with army diseas es. "The Bird Haw Flown." On the 29th march was resumed, and by sundown 12 miles had been made. The regiment went into camp et Pond Springs, a place known to the members of the First Iowa as mush springs. The 30th was spent in camp and the first muster for pav was held. The men were instructed to lie with their arms and be pre pared for an emergency. Food was scarce and a mush of wheat flour was made which the men termed "slip go easy." On October 1st had reveille early and marched twenty miles and went into camp. Second marched twenty miles to camp Sassafras, located oh Spring river. Third, did nothing but change camp. On the evening of the i 4th started on march with nothing but blankets and two days' ration. October 5th ,our advanced guard at tacked the rebel rear guard. Two men of the 18th Iowa were wounded in the skirmish. The booming of ar tillery was heard in front about noon. We immediately started on a double- quick, which was kept up until the town of Newtonia appeared in view, ! when we were deployed in line of bat tle, and commenced an advance upon ar enemy supposed to be somewhere in front of us, posted behind a "stone wall," or some other kind of breast work. Our advance in line of battle was kept up for a mile, when wc were halted and cooly informed that the enemy wasn't there. "The bird had flown" and nothing was left for us to dc but go into camp for the night, which we did. Foraging parties start ed out immediately,' and such game as eheep .chicken? and like edibles suf fered some little that evening. Sth. Remained idle In camp all day. 7th. Repeated the work of the 6th. Our teams arrived in the evening. 8th. Orders were received to be ready for a march. Everything was packed, and we started out oarly, and had a "de lightful brigade drill," which was re garded by the boys as "delightful" *un for tha raw, but death (or tho frogs. 9th. Started out upon our marches in a heaAy rain, which nev er slacked an instant during the en tire day and night. We succeeded in making nine miles and went into camp at a place called "Gadfly." We bivouacked as best we could without tents , those articles being somewhere on the road in the wagons, which were mired. 10th and 11th. Remain ed in camp at Gadfly. Teams came up on the 10th, but bad roads pre vented us from moving forward. 12th. ' Marched thirteen miles to Cassville, and went into camp. 13th to lflth. Re mained in camp at Cassville. Some of the boys belonging to a regiment in our brigade relieved the monotony of camp life one night, by applying the torch to a building in the town, causing an illumination, which was witnessed by a crowd of men who lcnged to make It a much more ex tensive and brilliant one. The regi ment was much reduced by sickness. 17th. Started out upon the road again, and marched twenty-one miles, going into camp on the battle-field of "Pea Ridge." We left a great many of our regiment in the hospit al at Cassville. 18th. Moved camp two miles to Sugar Creek. 19th and 20th. Remained in camp under marching orders, during which time the battle-field was visited by nearly all the command. 21st. Broke camp and started on the march, which was kept up all night. 22nd. Kept up the march until evening when we en camped at OsagP Springs. 23rd. Re mained in camp. 24th, 25 th and 26th. Remained in camp. Had a heavy fall of snow on the night of the 24th. 27th. Broke camp and started upon another march, which was kept up during the entire night. 28th. Halt ed at daylight, took breakfast and resumed our march. Evening arrived, at Fayetteville, Ara., distant twenty- one miles from and south of Osage Springs, Ara .Our cavalry advance had 'a light skirmish with the enemy. 2 9th. Lay in camp. 30th. Broke camp and marched back to Osage Springs, and went into camp. The men growled a good deal about the backward move, not being able to see the policy of "marching up the hill and then marching down again." November. 1st — Remained in camp all day. 2nd — Left camp this morning and marched twelve miles to Leestown, where wP encamped for the night. 3rd — Marched from Leestown to Keithsville, a distance of eighteen miles. 4th — Marched from Keithsville, twenty-two miles ,to Flat Creek, Mo. 5th — Marched from Flat Creek to Marionsvllle, a distance of twenty- four miles. 6th to 9th — Remained in camp at Marionsvllle, with nothing to relieve the monotony of camp life. 10th — Broke camp early and start ed, as we supposed for Springfield, Mo., but we were sadly disappointed. When we arrived at. Wilson's Creek, instead of going to Springfield, we struck off on the road leading to Oi-ark, which place we entered about 9 o'clock p. m., having marched the short distance of thirty-five miles in less than twelve hours. It was one lOP the hardest marches we ever made' 'and the curses of the men were deep and bitter. No necessity for it seemed to exist, and all (even the officers) semed to think it unjust and necessa.ry. 1 1th to 13th — Remained in camp rilling. 14th — Moved eight miles to "White Oak Springs," alias "Camp Briers." 15th — Broke camp and moved four miles to Finley Creek and camped in a cornfield, during a heavy rain storm. 16th to 17th — Remained encamped at Finley Creek. During this time it rained incessantly. ISth — Resumed our march in the midst of a heavy rain, which con tinued throughout the day and night. In the afternoon we passed through Ozark. We camped alongside of the read in the mud, and I do think we spent one of the most uncomfortable nights we ever experienced. We marched fifteen miles. 19th — Resumed our march at day light. AAre passed by General Her- ron's camp on Finley Creek, about 9 o'clock a. m. Here we halted and Colonel Leake succeeded in getting some "hard tack" for the boysr. who v/ere nearly famished. After partak ing of a cup of coffee and some "hard trick" we renewed our march, and at night went into camp at "Camp Ly on," Missouri, having made a march of thirty-two miles since the morning ot the 18th. 2 0th— —A few of the teams got up this morning, but most of them were still sticking in the mud somewhere in our rear. It rained all night, and it was a treat to get out of the tents in the morning. 21st to- 30th — During this time we remained in camp drilling. Here Colonel Gifford reached us with a. load of presents from the dear ones ai home; .and as each one received and opened his package .a fervent, "God bless them!" was uttered. Such things need no writer's comment to make them holy, or cause them to be remembei-ed — they are the hidden, living flowers in the soldier's desert life. December. 1st and 2nd — Were occupied in writing letters home, acknowledging the receipt of the "good things." 3rd — Rather unexpectedly, we re ceived marching orders this evening, and will start at 2 o'clock tomorrow morning. 4th — Marched twenty-five miles to camp at Flat Creek. 5th — Marched to "Camp Sigel," twenty-five miles. 6th — Marched thirty miles to Cross Hollows, Ark. After supper and four \ hours' rest, resumed our march . 7 th — Passed through the town of ayetteville a little after daylight. Then about two miles outside of town we halted and cooked break- 'ast. Hardly had we finished, when e loud booming of cannon was ard. in front. We Were ordered in- to line immediately and renewed our march, this time, however, on a double-quick, and to the sound of the cannon In place of the drum. At noon we reached Illinois Creek, which we crossed, and took up a position be hind Murphy's Battery ,in a small ravine. General Herron had encoun tered the enemy and a ffn