YAIE UNIVERSmr
XffiRABY

SAC AND FOX INDIANS
IN KANSAS.

MOKOHOKO^S STUBBORNNESS.

SOME HISTORY OP THE BAND OP INDIANS WHO STAID
BEHIND THEIR TRIBE 16 Yrs. AS GIVEN BY PIONEERS.

By C. R. Green,
Olathe, Kan. Nov. 1914.

YAlt
r

m

^j^y

Some Sauk History for lOO yrs.
At the close of the Revolution the Confederate tribes of Sauk
and Foxes, lived on both sides of the Miss- River; and while their
domain on the east side, in what was later, IlL and Wis., was quite
restricted as to size jet I presume from the long continuance of
their habitations and cultivated fields that in 1753 one half or more
of their population was in the U S. Ty. But the domain on the
west bank that they claimed, extended south to the Missouri rivor
also west to the same river. Over all this vast territory several
bands of the Sauk & Foxes hunted annually.
The Sauk tribe from the best authorities numbered in those
days, 4500. The Foxes, 2(XX). The warriors of both tribes were no
ted for their bravery. The Sauks were great friends of the Brit
ish, for they encouraged their fur traders to penetrate to these
places that the U. S- did not take possession of until after the La.
Purchase. Therefore it is a strange circumstance that the Sauk
along with miiny other tribes, are found at Greenville O. in 17S9
and again in 1795, where Gen. Wayne enters into a general treaty
with all the Indians of the North West Ty.
The Indians of Ohio, Mich, and Ind., many of them Elmigrant
tribes from further Elast before the Revolutionary war, violently
and presistently for many years opposed any white settlements
North of the Ohio river and west of Xew York. The Britdsh loca
ted at Detroit up to the War of 1612, did all they could to stay the
settlement of this X. vr. Ty. Tlirough it all in spite of bribes and
presents from the British to the Sauk «t Foxes to harress the ear
ly settlers of Ohio, they as a tribe kept away, saying as they did
in the Revolution, " that it was the white mans quarrel, and they
could fight it out among themselves'"
The old Sauk warrior Black Hawk could not stay out, -with 20 of
his warriors a^iidst 2000 or more Indians and 250 British soldiers
tLiev thought to overpower Gen. Wayne on the Manmee Aug. 20
17 Ji- Gen. vr-.yne \vi:hOOO troops, obtained such a complete vic
tory over the forces opposing him. that the Indians decided after
wards that it was folly to listen to the British, and war again^su
such a veteran as (Jen. Wayne. This battle which resulted later in

the Greenville Treaty, was called the battle of Fallen Timbers.
It is said in history that the Sauks could not stand up to the fire
arms in the battle, but after seeing how it was going against their
Indian allies they pulled out and went home. *
I now come to a period and transaction in 1804-8 that though
more tnan a century has elapsed since it was done, seems in the
light of history to have been very disgraceful on the part of our
Government. The Louisiana Purchase was-in 1803.
After Pres. Jefferson had purchased Louisiana from Napoleou
he hastened to establish peaceable relations with the Indians along
the Miss, and Mo. rivers; and sought to quiet the title to lands
held by the Indians east of the Mississippi.
WiUiam H. Harrison was then Govenor of the Indian Ty. of La.
and Supt. of Indian Affairs for that district, with headquarters
at St Louis. To him was delegated in June, 1804, the responsibili
ty of making a treaty with the Sacs who, as Jefferson wrote, own
the countr,y in the neighborhood of our settlements of KaskasMa
and St Louis. The Treaty was made Nov. 3rd 1804, and included
the Poxes, who were recognized as holding two fifths interest in
the possessions ceded east of the Mississippi.
But the remarkable phase of this first and very important trea
ty with these two tribes is that there is strong probability that
not a single Pox or Musquakie was within a hundred miles of St
Louis at the time the treaty was made. And that of all the Chiefs
and warriors of the two tribes the Instrument bears the signature
of but four Sacs and one half breed, the former of whom, as Black
Hawk asserted and as the Sacs and Poxes have always affirmed,
they had been dispatched to St Louis in the autumn of that year
to plead for the freedom of a Sac who was being held at that Post
on the charge of murder. The account of this Treaty, which took
from Black Hawk and his Band all their villages and cultivated
fields on the 111. side, around the mouth of Rock River, as given
by Black Hawk is so representative of the Indian version of the
case that it may well be incorporated here to throw light, on the
first, and perhaps greatest mistake, not to say blunder, made by
our Governuient in dealing with these people.
* Compiled in iy06, from many sources, by C. R. Green, Olathe.

Black Hawk says; One of our people killed an American, -was ta
ken prisoner and confined at St Louis for the offense. We held a
council at our vUIage to see what could be done for him, and detir-
mined that Quash qua rae, Pash e pa ho. Ouch e qua ka, and Hash-
e quar hi qua should go down to St Louis, see our American father
and do all they could to have our friend released by paying for
the person killed, thus covering the blood and satisfying the rela
tions of the murdered man. This being the only means with us
for saving a person who had killed another, and we then thought
it was the same way with the whites.
"The party started with the good wishes of the whole Nation.
"Quash qua me and party remained a long time absent. They at
length returned and encamped near the village, and did not come
up that day. They appeared to be dressed in fine coats and had
medals. Early the next morning the Council Lodge was crowded.
Quash qna me and party came up and gave an account of their
mission. "On our arrival at St Louis we met our American father
and explaned to him our business, urging the release of our friend.
The American chief told us he wanted land. We agreed to give
him some on the west side of the Mississippi, likewise more on
the Illinois side opposite Jefferson.
"When the business was all arranged we expected to have our
friend released to come with us. About the time we were ready
to start, our brother was let out of the prison. He started and ran
a short distance when he was shot dead.
"This was all they could remember of what had been said and
done. It subsequently appeared that they had been drunk the
greater part of the time while at S Louis."
Autobiography of Black Hawk, pp. 22, 23.
It is incredatable to believe that these two tribes and the Gov't
in four months time settled this treaty affair by which the Sacs
disposed of their almost undisputed possession of the rich vaUeys
and prolific hunting grounds between the Illinois and Wisconsin
rivers, containing 5J million acres, for the paltry sum of siOOO. a
year annuity. ''A hen the other tribes of this particular section had
been treated w-ith, Gov. Harrison sent the Treaty to Congress to
be ratified, with this terrible wrong in it, and the tribes ignorant
of Its bindini; terms.

This was what made the Black Hawk War 25 years later The
fatal error of Gov. Harrison in driving a sharp bargain with a few
drunken and irresponsible members of one band, was sure to cost
his Nation dearly afterwards. When the Treaty was proclaimed
both tribes repudiated it. In these days was Mokohoko growing
up in the Sauk camp drinking in the hatred to the white civiliza
tion that made him such a faiteful ally of Black Hawk in his War.
Now I do not want the reader to think there were no further
treaties with the Sac & Pox before the B. H. war. There were sev
eral. But one concluded May 13 1816 at St Louis in which the Sac
and Foxes of the Rock River Band took part, confirmed the 1804
Treaty. To this treaty Black Hawks name was signed, and he took
pay, treacherously years afterwards trying to crawl out of it.
There was a great difference in the make up of these Sac and
Pox chiefs even in 1845, when they came onto their new reserva
tion on the "Head Waters of the Osage River." Mokohoko with a
respectable following went off by themselves beyond the Mo. riv
er with the Sauk and Iowa Indians, on the Great Nemaha reserve.
He was jealous of the Keokuks, yet in the late Fifties he came and
joined our Kansas band and as we see at the close of this work in
1862 was hatching a lot of mutiny for Agent Martin.
The Indian Agent's Reports, for the years succeeding their
arrival in Kansas all speak of Keokuk's farming operations, 500
acres of those rich Marias des Cygne bottoms in Franklin Co. put
into corn before 1850. A log school b'uilt and Senator Bentons son
installed as teacher a couple of years later. One of the bands repor
ted to be a tetotalers band of Indians. All this before Kansas was
ever heard of.
Take the matter of signing the final Treaty of Oct 14 1S68. The
first one signed some months before had come back from V/ash-
ington with amendments and new articles, to be submitted to the
Nation again. The common Indians told Keokuk to keep out of it
the 2nd time he promised;only to be coaxed over to Ottawa, where
designing white men dosed him with liquor until they got him into
the mood to sign the Treaty. The paper being all signed then but
Mukohoko's name, the bearers rushed off to Wa.'^hington, while
Keokuk had a year of contempt from his followers as his portion.
C. R. Green. Oct. 191-1.

REV. ISAAC McCOY, wife and boy. Missionary
to the Sac and Fox Indians, these 20 years or
more. He is an Ottowa Indian while his wife.who
was Mary Thorp, is a half breed Sauk Indian.

Mo ko ho ko's Home,
and date of death.
CYRUS CASE'S NARRATIVE. -MOKOHOKO.
Cyrus Case was bom Dec. 1st 1838, in Farmington Franklin Co.
Maine. I lived there until I moved to Kansas. I had a good acade
my school education, as the noted Abbott Schools were there be
fore the War. Civil War Sehvice.
I enlisted Sep. 10 1862 for 9 mos in Co. E 24 Me. V. L Then I
served a few months in 1st D. C. Cav. there in Washington. I
was transferred about Oct. 1864, to Co. C 1st Maine Cav. [ was
an Orderly Sergeant in all three regiments. We were in the siege
of Port Hudson. I was slightly wounded 3 times. We were let out
of the service Aug. 1st 1865, and I went home to Farmington.
Jan, 14 1869, I was married to Faustina McClure of same place.
We started west pretty soon, and arrived in Ottawa Feb, 28 1869.
I came out from the East with E. M. Kalloch, now of Ottawa and
we took claims near each other. I laid claim on the S. W. i Sec 31
17 17. while he took Wings claim. I am in Linccdn township, 3
miles east and 1 mile north of Melvem, The Marais des Cygne and
Rock Creek both flow iu on my farm.
We settled in the midst of the Indians. We built the first house
on this side, we lived a few weeks in an Indian house along with
John Tracy, I cut and hauled logs for mj' lumber to Henderson's
sawmillover on Tequas, near Jerry Hussey's present home. I built
my house using native shingles. I had 50 acres all heavy bottom
timber which I cleared all off. I paid §1.50 per acre, the Patent
being signed by U. S. Grant.
Some of my neighbors ia those early years ware;
E. M. Kalloch. now dead, Dr. Floyd, dead, Wm Pleak, Joe Mc
^Milieu, Wm H. Connelly, Jabez Adams Sr. and boys, R. L. Gra
ham, T. L. and Joe Marshall, and others.
I had a good team and did hauling for others. I use to haul goods
from Lawrence for Rankin & Co. Quenemo, and for Dr. A, Wiley
C

They use to ask me to drink, but being born and raised anti liq
uor, I was a well known Temperance man before Kansas made it
a law. We generally did our trading in Ottawa. Once I killed and
dressed a load of fat hogs and marketed them way down in Sum
ner Co. where I received 10 cts per lb. I went once down into
Lynn Co to work on a R. R., but never got my wages.
Kalloch and I owned the two Qrs. in partnership. I had 65 acres
of i^rairie up on the Wing qr. I belong to the Baptist Society. I
have been S. S. Supt of tw^o Union Schools in this section as well
as our own church school.
The MoKoHoKo Band Of Indians.
As I have said in another place we settled in the midst of the In
dians. When they were removed Nov. 1869, many were soon back
here living along the River, Mokohoko's favorite camping place
was on my timber bottom near where Rock Creek empties into
the Marias de Cygne. He came there with about 100 of his follow
ers in the fall of 1869. He was a peaceable Chief that a White sel
dom saw unless they went to his hut. He wanted nothing to do with
white men. Occasionally a family would pull off, go south and join
their tribe. In fact it was quite a practice of many of his Band to
generally go South in the winter, to hunt, fish, and seek warmer
climate. Some times they managed to enroll and di-aw annuities.
But Mokohoko aird family always staid. In October 1875 my team
went along with others to haul ^Mokohoko and others down there
MOKOHOKO A Tresspasser in law.
Date of Death Never Revealed by indians.
the second time. He was soon back. I went to law to get them off
my place and to sho"W Chief Mokohoko tliut if he didn't sign the
Indian Treaty of 1868, giving the Sac & Pox Diminished Reserve
back to the Government, that there were all the other Chiefs who
did and thus he was a tresspasser. Mokohoko and his Band set up
a good defense, for thej- had Geo Powers as their lawj-er, -while
Judge Blake was ours about 1874- lie only moved a doz. rods to
get on another man. I never knew when he died. It might have
been m 188Ci or before. He charged his followers to never reveal
the time of his death or place of burial, and that his successor in
office should never willini^'ly leave the Reserve.

Next in rank to >Mokohoko was Ke a qua, A fine specimen of an
Indian about 45. He died about 1680, and I was down at the burial
on the river bank on my land. They made quite a display, the cof
fin being hewed out of a hbllow basswood.
I hired the Indians much. There were about 30 or 40 male adults
Quite a large proportion of the Band were women and c'aildren.
They never would have any Missionary among them, so their
children the 16 years they continued here got no schooling. They
were detirmined to stick to their wild tribal customs. Thoy had
good moral virtues, and when they sat at my table adopted our
ways. Kelly was a half bj'eed and Interpreter, he went off long
before the last did. Old Co to pa, one of the Councilors was a fat
jovial old fellow well known by the *vhites. Capt Sam, who was
Chief after Mokohoko, was lame, of medium hight and heavy set
Lieut. HLvyes Removes The Indians Nov. I8s6.
It was m Nov. 1886 that a young man, Lieut Hayes of the 4th
U. S. Cav. and about -0 privates, came from Fort Riley with or
ders to gather all the Indians together and remove them by wag
ons to tlieir Reservation in Okla. where dwelt the Sac & Fox tribe
My team went again to help haul them. They were treated kindly
but had to be watched closely. They had ponie.s, and the first day
or two out raced with the soldiers to get away.
This wa.s virtually Cyrus Case's talk one pleasant day about 1905
after tliej' had sold their farm aud were packing up to leave for
Ceres, Stanislaus Co. Calif. However bad Mr. Case hated to
break up aud leave, he had for months been at the point of death
from Brights Disease. The move has helped him. Their son Cyrus
Walter Case born there on the Osage Co. farm May 3rd 1870. mar
ried Oct. 20 1898 to a Havered Mass. lady, has brought two fine
grandsons, Clifford Dwight, and Albert Fernald Case, into the
Family before they moved. Aud I hear nothing otherwise than
that Cyrus Case aud his Family who for 3o years labored to make
their neighborhood in Kansas better, now enjoy the riciujst oi
life's blessings in their California home. C. R. G. -Sjp. 1914.

MOKOHOKO'S noted speech.
NARRATIVE OP JABEZ ADAMS JR. OP AGENCY
TWP, EX-COUNTY SUPT, OP PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Early in the spring of 1869, my father Jabez Adams Sr., 4 bro's
John C, Wm H., Isaac Adams and myself, moved from Douglas
Co. Kan. and settled on Tequas creek, 5 miles south of Quenemo,
then called sac & fox agency.
We soon learned that the Treaty "with said Indians was not com
plete and much doubt existed among the new settlers about the
Treaty standing the "test" at Washington City*.
Several weeks after our settlement there, I learned that a "Coun
cil" of Indian Chiefs and Government Officials would be held in
the Agency (now Quenemo) for the purpose of completing the
Treaty and arranging for the removal of the Indians. In company
with many of the white settlers, 1 attended that Council.
The Sac & Pox Indian Council Summer Op 1869.
I cannot remember the date; but shall never forget some of the
important business decided that day. The council was held in an
enclosed greensward-embellished by fine shade trees. Besides the
Chiefs and Braves whose business it was to be there, It seemed
that every Indian living on the Reserve was there. Indians formed
an inner circle around the officials; whites the outer circle. The
ground was covered with people for many rods.
My first surprise that day was the intelligent features of many
of the noted indians. In this brief account only two chiefs, Keo
kuk and Mokohoko will be mentioned. In symmetry and physiq
ue they were perfect, Keokuk fair, almost like a white man; Mo
kohoko, dark. Their physiognomies beamed with intellectuality
and showed strong marks of philanthropy. They were neatly dre
ssed and made a fine appearance before the vast audience.
When the officials had explaned to the interpreter the object of
the meeting and he had rehearsed the same to the chiefs, they
were called by turn.
* So much fraud used to get the treaty signed, and protests stopt.

The Indian Council Of 1869.
Keokuk and Xokohoico were the principal orators, and respon
ded promptly when called. With the Sac & Fox Tribe they were
Clay and VV^^oSrLit. 'Joy, like them they were noted for their el
oquence, and esteemed for their untiring efforts for right. Their
eloquence run in the same channel, but their finals reversed.
Keokuk delivered with impressive ])athos, the oration; "The
Treachery of the Paleface" in driving the Indians from one reser
vation to another for the last hundred years. After settlememin
each instance promising to let them alone forever. And now again
we are to be driAon from this lovely home we all love so well.
Wheu the Paleface put us here he said, this is yours as long as
the sun bedecks the Heavens. "In conclusion my dear people the
last thing I say is the saddest of all, we must gO; they
WILL NOT let US STAY". Half the audience seemed to be crying.
MOKOHOKO'S SPEECH.
Chief mokohoko then arose and delivered an address that would
do honor lo any statesman. His closing remai-ks were even more
pathetic than tho^e of Keokuk, aud when interpreted were about
as follows; "Now my dear people, our noble Keokuk has been
persuaded to put his hand to a "Paleface" paper; and they say it
gives away our Kansas home. 0, tell me not such sad words! We
cannot give up this happy home we have loved so long. I'll never
never, never put my hand to the paper that says that -we must
leave here! *
My own people who follow me shall live here in peace with these
good paleface people so long as the moon and stars shine by night
and the sun illumes the day. When my hfe is out, — wrap me
in my blanket, — gently consign my sonl to the Great Spirit
of all, — in that quiet nook on Tequas, — circle around my
grave and let my friends and brothers say the last words
for mokohoko.
* Soon after this council. Chief Keokuk and all his foUowers mi
grated to their new home in the Ty. But Chief Mokohoko and his
band of followers, erected their wigwams at the mouth of Rock
Creek on the Marias des Cygne River, and lived there many years
D

in peace with the white settlers. Mokohoko true to his word lived
there until he died. ( Of course Mr. Adams knows all about the
forced removals of Mokohoko and his Band, who always as soon
as they could, returned to this their true home. C. R. G- )
The Sac & Fox Indians have been friendly to the whites many
years. In the spring of 1870, I attended an Indian dance 2 miles
from my homestead at their village; and learned many interesting
things about their lives and peculiar habits.
A Sac and Pox Indla.n Dance, as seen by Mr. Adams.
Many white people think the "Indian dance" rude and queer, so
it is; but compared with our fandangoes the behavior and etique
tte is about equal. Early in the day, before beginning the dance,
the best food obtainable is put on to cook. Every dance is atten
ded with a banquet. The dance continues all da.y by intervals.
While dancers move in a circle they chant, the dogs bark, and the
musicians blow horns and beat the drums"
As I have attended but one Indian dance I can only tell from that
how they performed. They first dress up in their best, putting on
all their beads, animal claw necklaces, and jewelry they posses.
They dance in a circle- single file- The tallest "Buck" is put in the
lead, next the tallest is second, and so on until all the men and big
boys are in. Then came the squaws and big girls in the same or
der, and after them the children. They had a swinging motion
from side to side as they stepped forward and chanted.
They ate three times during the day and rested along time after
each meal. The leader was supplied with a pair of buffalo horns
which he wore on his head. A httle fellow who carried water for
the dancers all day wore nothing but a common shirt. I learned
that he was a Cheyenne Indian whom they had captured and kept
in slavery.
A Sac and Fox Indlin Funeral about 1871.
There are two or three cemeteries on Tequas creek. I attended an
Indian burial at the one a half a mile east of our residence. This
was in 1871. The deceased was a noted brave, I do not remember
his name now. Long before the funeral procession arrived, two
squaws had come and dug the grave about four feet deep. The

body was brought to the grave by a little wagon drawn by two
ponies. The funeral procession- in which many whites participa
ted, was somewhat similar to ours on such occasions, and the cer
emony at the grave was carried out much as our fraternal orders
carry out theirs. The corpse was wrapped in his blanket and with
head to the east placed in the grave.
The braves and chiefs marched around the grave three times,
Mokohoko in the lead, uttering apparently, some sad ceremony.
Each one in the circle deposited something in the grave as they
marched around. Tobacco I saw dropped in- At the end of the 3rd
round the leader stopped at the head of the grave, the others com
pleting the circle. In this position all stood still whUe the Chief
delivered the funeral sermon.
During the exercises at the grave two bucks appointed for that
purpose, divided the property of the deceased, (except ponies and
gun) into two heaps of equal value. After the two squaws mentio
ned had filled the grave, each received one of the piles of proper
ty in payment for their services. After stones were piled on the
grave, a signal was given and aU dispersed,
Mokohoko's Band Always Friendly'
Although these indians lived here among the whites several yrs
after Keokuks followers were in theTy. I never knew or heard
of their disturbing the settlers. They were peaceable, obhging
and friendly all these years. Government soldiers took them by
force to the Ty. several times; but most of them returned each
time. Yet the few who did remain there graduaUy reducd the 150
in the 16 years to less than 80 Indians when in 1886 the soldiers
took them and aU they possessed down to their people in the ter
ritory, and induced them to stay.
They presented a sad scene when compeUed to leave their old
home for the last time. Their crying and weeping could be heard
by many neighbors whose sympathy they had won,
J. Adams, Quenemo Kan, March 1905

Odds and Ends About the Sac
& Fox Indians In Kansas,
AS GATHERED UP THE LAST 20 YRS BY C. R. GREEN.
MoKoHoKo, "He who floats visible near the surface of the wa
ter" A chief of the band of Sauk that took the lead in support
ing Black Hawk in their war of 1832. He was of the Sturgeon clan.
The ruling clan of the Sauk, and was a bitter enemy of Keokuk,
The band still retains its identity- It refused to leave Kansas when
the rest of the tribe went to the Ind. Ty, and had to be removed
thither by the military. Wm Jones, son of Henry Clay Jones
In hand book of American Indians, Part First, page 930.

I May 18 1S54, certain chiefs and others of the Iowa and Missouri
Band of Sac & Pox tribe of the Great Nemaha Reserve, made a
Treaty at Washington with the Gov't by which they ceded part of
their Reservation, keeping 50 sections in Kansas next the Mo. R.
and Neb. line that they proposed taking in severality- This tract
of country they had received by cession in 1836. Some of the Sauk
had already left and joined the Miss. Band on the Osage- And in
4 or 5 years Mokohoko came down-
Signers; Petookemah. or Hard Pish.
Wah pe mem mah, Moles or Sturgeon.
Neson quoit or Bear.
Mo ko ho ko, Jumping Pish.
No ko what, or Pox,
I presume it Avas on thi.s occasion in 1854, while there in Wash
ington, that the two pictures of Mokohoko I present in this book
were taken, for on application to the Bureau of Ethnology!
they were sent me free. See U. S. Book of Indian Land cession.s
Part 2 Irth Report, page 792, and its references.

Albert Wiley U. S, Indian Agt. taking charge at the Sac & Fox
Agency, }.Iarch l^(i7, in his report th.e oOth of July of that year
says; "The wild Band under Mokoho:co. is peaceable, docile "and
willing to assist in carryim,^ out the wishes of the Government.

He is a good man to his band, which comprises more than half
Of the tribe. He :;ays that he has not been recognized as a man
and may have done some things not altogether right."
Indian Agents Reports Published by the U. S. in 1868.

A buckeye school teachers contribution.
In the winter of 1885—86, when the river was frozen, a young
man, a cousin of mine Charles H, Shelton of Wakeman, Ohio was
teaching school in the Wing District, near Mokohoko's old camp.
One moonUght night desiring to maU a letter at Maxon P. O. 2 or
3 miles distant, he struck a bee line, which took him down thro'
some timber along the river. Here he run on to a larger sized hut
in which appeared some thing was going on, but with closed doors
Charlie quietly proceeded to investigate the Indian question, But
before he could much more than get a "peek", the guard was out
and he was motioned off. Some secret council work was on,
Mr Shelton dismissed his school long enough the day the sol
diers started with the Indians, to go and see them off. Captain
Sam, the fat old chief had to be bound and Ufted Uke a struggling
hog into the wagon.
What one of sheltons pupils observed.
Mrs. — Clarke, formerly Miss. Cormely of Lincoln t-wp; and a
large girl of the School, knew some of these Indians quite weU.
They were Register of Deeds about 1905 at Lyndon. I showed her
my indian photos. She said the one I had marked as Con a pak a
was Ka nope, a great friend of hers, who staid in Mokohoko's
camp and hunted the prairie chickens around. Ka nope was very
friendly to children and to the whites. Mr. Cross living near thot'
Kanope the same as Capt Sam chief of the band. Mrs. Clark said
not. Cross said they had the use of 5 acres from some one down
along the River. They had quite a herd of ponies, that at the last
run in the Riggs pasture. I am able to present Kanope's picture,
A Petition to Congress For some Restor.\tion of
Annuities.- Doc. 690 H. R. March 22 1-92. SpeUing as given;
"Number of In Mo kaw ho ko's Band when removed to the Ty. in
E

Nov. 1886; 93. Total number of Sac & Fox of the Miss" Band 830.
"Mo kaw hoko and his band would not sign the Treaty of Oct. 14
1868, wherein provision was made for their removal- Mokawhoko
and band were allowed to stay by the Gov't in Kansas untU 1886,
where they got no funds they claim.
" $71045.40 has accrued to them, and they want it back out of the
general Sac & Fox fund in $7000. yearly instaUments.
(They never got this. When I visited the tribe in 1903, this Band
Uved aloof from the tribe over north of Stroude Okla, on Euchee
Creek. I got several pictures of them from the Stroude Photog
rapher. There they were known as the "Kansas Band", and were
drawing their annuities the same as the rest, C. R. G.)

Sae&Fox histoy, as seen in 1903
An Article in the Ottawa Weekly Herald of Oct. 22 1903
"To The Old Home. - Indian Delegation Arrives Prom the Ty,
A Story of Homesickness. A band of Sac & Foxes, contends that
it has never parted with its Rights to the Reservation Lands.
I am only giving extracts of this long article. The writer makes
it appear that Franklin County contained the Sac & Pox Reserva
tion, whereas it only had one fifth, Osage Co having the balance,
"A pathetic story of homesickness is told in the arrival in Otta
wa Saturday of a band of three Sac & Fox Indians, who came to
assert their rights to their old home land 
AU the passionate longing for old scenes and surroundings that
are supposed to go with the instincts of civilization, seems to have
actuated the Indians in their efforts to regain the land which the
Gov't took from them. The coming of the Indians, is announced in
a letter to Hon. J- P. (Jack) Harris, from the Sac & Fox Agency.
And the letter expresses the hope that the Indians will be kindly
received here, and humored in their almost childish belief that
some day the Powers may return their old home to them.
The names of the delegation are Alex Connelly, a half breed
who acts as guide and interpreter, Kaw tope. Mat ttaan ne and an
Indian described as the son of Geo Chaw ka no me, 
 some skipped, to long for my pages 

 We have skipped a half column of interesting Uterature
about the tribes history, aU of which crops out in some one or
other of my books  "Mr. Harris often met the old Chief Mo -
ko hoko on his homesick wanderings back to the old camp, and
heard his pathetic protest that he wished to Uve on the lands that
the spirit had given him; and where his children were buried.
The chief died contending that he and his fellow tribesmen had
never parted with their right to the lands in PrankUn County,
 The writer goes on further to say in this and anoth
er article later; " that the Band after the tribe left, terrorized the
early settlers, committing depredations, and stealing supplies to
keep themselves alive. The Gov't would pay no annuities unless
the Indians went to the Reservation. The acts of the Indians be
came so aggravating that a move was finally started to wipe out
the band, and an organization was actuaUy started among the set
tlers, having for its object the extinction of the Band.
Before the move could be carried out, the Gov't sent a detatch-
ment of Cavalry under Gen. Sheridan, to round the Indians up
and move them to the Indian Ty. Gen. Sheridan was in Ottawa for
some time and made many acquantances here. He knew Col, Ma
son and made the latters law office his Head Quarters.
The troops got the Indians herded together, and marched them
overland to the Ty., as a band of cattle is driven, and nothing
more been heard of their claims here until the arrival of the party
Sunday- "The Indian Pow-wow. Elxtracts from Ottawa Herald; Later,
"The Indians arrived Saturday noon. Two Indians Kaw-to-pe and
Mat tan an ne, are quite old. The 3rd fuU blood in the party is a
young fellow. The Indians talked through their interpreter to Mr-
Harris in his office.
The Chief talked first. Staring straight before them with great
solemnity, and his countnance expressing never a change he talk
ed. "When he sat down, the next arose and endorsed what the chief
said. Mr. Harris advised them not to go on to Washington, but to
go to Quenemo, visit the land marks and George Logan.

THE OTTAWA HERALD PIECE, CONCLUDED.
"TJae delegation still cherish the old beUef that the Gov't will re
turn the tribe to the former Reservation, as soon as the story can
be told to the Press of how the Chief of their Band refused to
sign the Treaty. The letter from the Post Trader in the Ty. to Mr
Harris, mentions the fact that the Indians rely on the friendship
of a one legged man who formerl.y showed them great kindness.
The man refered to is the late H- P. Welch, End
Copied by C. R, Green at the Kansas Historical Rooms, Dec7, 1904
The writer of the above articles by not signing his name has left
the responsibility to faU on the Herald Staff for the truth of some
of those Statements. I take the foUowing exceptions-
1st When the Tribe was removed Nov. 26 1869, which was in a
peaceable manner, they were treated with great indulgence and
three fourths of the tribe left their Diminished Reserve in Osage
County and went wiUingly to the Nation.
2nd; There had been no trouble of any great consequence, the
whites crowded in a year ahead of time to to take claims, This ir
ritated the Indians much, but the Indian Agent had a Sergeant
and squad of soldiers sent there that drove the 'Sooners' out and
satisfied the indians that the Gov't would protect them.
3rd; Gen. Sheridan had the Kan. Mo. Military Dpt. as Com'ander
Sep. 12 1867 to March 4 1869, with Head Quarters at Leavenworth
when not out at Fort Hayes aiding Gen. Custer fight the Plains
Indians. After Mar. '69, Sheridan went to Chicago.
4th It is the testimony of hundreds of settlers that the Sac & Fox
Indians were honest, and weU behaved, especiaUy Mo ko ho ko's
Band that staid 16 years longer. C. R. Green. 1914,

THE U. S. HEEDING COMPLAINTS OF THEIR INDLA^^
WARDS ON KAN. Reservation, in Agt, Martin's Time; 1866.
Lawrence, Kansas, October 9, 1866.
Sir; I have the honor to report that in accordance with your
instructions of the 14th of August last, I proceeded to the Sac &
Fox Agency on the 5th inst  Upon my arrival at the Agency
on the afternoon of the 5th, Antoine Gokey, the Interpreter who
accompanied Mokohoko to Washington last spring, was sent out
to notify aU the Indians that an agent of the Department had ar
rived from Washington to investigate the charges against Major
Martin, and to teU adl of them to come to the CouncU- House early
in the moming.
They came on the next day (the 6th) about 12 o'clock: also Mr
George Powers of CentropoUs, and an attorney from Ottawa, H.
P. Welch, esq., who appeared in the interests of the dissatisfied
Indians. When aU he parties were ready, the investigation was
commenced, the interpreter and witnesses being duly sworn.
The investigation continued on the 6th, both parties being permit
ted to examine and cross-examine. At dark there was an adjourn
ment until the next day.
At 12 o'clock the next day the Indians again assembled, and
when 1 was about to proceed with the investigation, I was inform
ed by Atty. Welch and Mr, Powers that the Indians desired to
hold a council; that they thought they could settle their difficul
ties among themselves. To this I consented, and after several hr's
delay they came into the councU room. The chiefs made speeches
and a paper setting forth the basis of their agreement was drawn
up, interpreted to the chiefs and counciUors, and signed by them,
in this paper it is stated that Mokohoko shall hertafter be consid
ered as a chief by blood; that all other relations in the tribe shaU
remain as heretofore; that Mokohoko and other disaffected Indi
ans withdraw aU charges agams: Major Martin, and state that
they have no further cause for complaint against him. and agree
that the expenses incurred by Mo^iohoko and his band, including
$6lh3, attorney s fees shaU be paid from ti^e annuities of the Tribe,
^Althoagh Attorney Welch decUned to proceed any further with

the investigation, and the Indians had declared themselves satis
fied, yet, as I had been sent by the Department to investigate in
regard to the charges preferred against Major Martin, and as he
expressed a desire to have the investigation continue. I proceeded
to examine all the witnesses that were available during the after-
naon and evening of the 7th, and the forenoon of the 8th instant.
All the testimony was carefuUy written down by a clerk employ
ed by me for that purpose, and the same, together with the agree
ment signed by the Indians, is herewith transmitted for your
consideration. The testimeny taken is not of the best character that could be
desired. Nearly all the witnesses being connected with the Agen
cy. It was all that was available, and shows as foUows in reference
to the charges preferred against Major Martin.
1st, In reference to collusion with and receiving gratuities from
traders, the witnesses, when interrogated upon this point, answ
ered that they knew nothing about it.
2nd, In reference to favoring one trading-house, resulting in the
exaction of exorbitant prices from the Indians, the testimony
shows that one house has been patronized, but the fact that exor
bitant prices have been exacted is not established.
3rd, In reference to the failure to properly enroll certain Indians,
and the detention of annuities rightfuUy belonging to them. This
charge relates to So kah nut and his band, whom the testimony
shows to have been absent in the Osage country, and who were m.t
enroUed at that time by order of the chiefs and council, but who
have since returned to the tribe and have had the annuities lost by
their absence made good to them.
4th, In reference to the combination of the agent and Keokuk to
oppress that part of the tribe, who do not agree with his policy,
and the charge that Keokuk and his abettors have grown rich out
of the funds of the tribe. The testimony shows that three of the
chiefs, Keokuk, Che kus kuk, and Pat a quaw. are those who have
made some advancement towards civilization by living in houses
and cultivating land; that Mokohok-o who was, during the term of
office of yourpredecessor,Cmmissioner Dole, removed from office
by Agent Martin, probably with the approval of the Conuuissioner

and who, according to the agreement of the Indians of the 7th inst
was reinstated, represents that portion of the tribe who prefer
the Indian mode of life, and who do not desire to adopt the ways
of the white man. These I am satisfied, from the testimony, com
prise a majority of the tribe. V."uile the testimony shows that Maj
Martin has encouraged those who have made efforts in the way of
civilization, it does not show that the property which Keokuk pos
sesses has been acquired since Major Martin has been agent, ex-
jepii such as may have been derived from his efforts at agriculture.
5th, In reference to the charge that Major Martin has wrongfully
appointed certain Indians "sheriffs and councillors", and paid
them from the funds of the tribe, it appears that these officials
wer,3 appointed and their salaries fixed by the chiefs.
Gth, In reference to driving away of one Tesson by the agent, the
testimony shows that this was done by order of chiefs and coun
cil, j.'cs.ion being a Menomonee, and that his son, who married a
Sac vvoinan and was adopted by the tribe has occupied the farm
vacated by his father aud lias cultivated as much of it as desired,
7th, In reference to the charge that the agent has exerted his in
fiuence to divide the tribe, it appears to me from all the testimony
that any effort tiie agent has made to advance the Indians in civi
Uzation has been opposed by a majority of the tribe.
Tlie maintenance of the sheriffs and counciUors, who the agent,
Keokuk, Che ko skuck and Pah teck quah claim are necessary for
the preservation of order and the transaction of business, wiU
probably be opposed by that portion of the tribe who desire to
retain their old tribal customs, and it wiU be a question for the
Department to decide whether what appears to me to be a minor
ity will be sustained. This minority all, or nearly aU, wear the
blanket, are unable to speak English, and differ only from the re
mainder of the tribe in this - - that they live in houses, make some
advancement toward farming, are disposed to send their children
to school, and to transact their business in a manner approaching
that of the white man. It is proper to state that t'.Kwe favoring
wild life raise small patches of corn.

8th, In reference to the Interpreter, Mr. Goodell, the majority of
the Indians seem to be very dissatisfied with him. The testimony
shows no specific cause. That he waa not a half breed was the
principal ground advanced by Mokohoko. The testimony shows
nothing against his character as a man, but, on the contrary, rep
resents that he has set a good example to the Indians.
Although there are other parties in the Reservation quaUfied to
interpret,! am not prepared to recommend that a change be direc
ted, as I do not feel satisfied from observation that the position
could be better filled.
9th, The testimony shows that the Administration of Agent Mar
tin has tended to the improvement of the Indians, that there is
less drunkenness and theft than there was prior to his term of
office, and that he has been uniform in his treatment.
"While I was there, the Indians were quiet and orderly. I visited
the shops and school. The former seems well conducted, and the
children in the latter will compare favorably in advancement and
deportment with those of the same age in any white school. I also
visited the trading house and examined their books, making copy
of some of the Indian accounts, which are submitted herewith.
There are other points brought out by the testimony, which, for
the sake of brevitj^ I wiU omit, and for which you are respectful
ly referred to the accompanying record of testimony.
As I promised the Indians, I call your attention to the protest of
Keokuk against the division of annuities in favor of members of
the tribe of Iowa, and the request of all, for the early payment of
their annuities.
The papers accompanying your instructions to me are here'with
returned. 1 am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W R, Irwin.
Special United States Agent,
To Hon- D. N. Oooley, Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
Washington, D. C,

YALE UNIVERSITY UBRARY

3 9002 03235 9060