YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN MEMORY OF SAMUEL AMOS YORK YALE 1863 FROM THE FUND ESTABLISHED IN 1924 BY HIS SON SAMUEL ALBERT YORK YALE 1890 'I'ERRA Australis Cognita: O R, VOYAGES TO tAe Terra Australis, or Southern Hemisphef.e, DURING THE Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries, CONTAINING An Account of the Manners of the People, the Pro ductions of the Countries, hitherto found in the Sou thern Latitudes, and the Advantages that may refuk from further Discoveries on this great Continent. To which is added, by ibe Editob, Some Thoughts on the Advantages of forming Colonies in the Terra Australis. VOL. III. Nee ufquam Deus abfcidit Terras oceano diflbciabili. Hor. EDINBURGH: Printed for the Author ; and fold by A. Donaldson, at his Shops in London artd Edineurch. MDCCLXVIII. CONTENTS of Vol. Ill, BOOK III. Continued from Vol . II. Containing Voyages to the Terra Australis in the Seventeenth Century. Art. TXE Gennes to Magellanica, i XX. Xy Art. XXI. Ulaming to the Eaft-Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, 6 Art. XXII. Hiftory of the New PhilHppine Iflands, 9 Art. XXIII. Antony Cantova to the CaroHne Iflands in the Eaft-lndies, 23 Art. XXIV. Manners and cuftoms of the inhabi tants of the Marian or Ladrone Iflands in the Eaft-Indies, 40 Art. XXV. Beauchefne Gouin to Magellanica, 56 Art. XXVI. Dampier's laft voyage round the world, 66 BOOK IV. Containing Voyages to the Terra Australis in the Eighteenth Century. Art. XpUNNELL's voyage round the world, 145 I. X^ Art. II. Fouquet and Peree to the South Seas, 227 Art. III. Capt. Woodes Rogers famous voyage to the South Seas, and round the world, 23 1 Art. IV. Louis Feuillee to the South Seas, 379 Art. V. Monfieur Frezier's curious and ufeful journal of his voyage to Magellanica, 386 Art. VI. La Barbinais's voyage round the world, 439 Art. VII. Clipperton's voyage to the South Seas and Eaft-Indiesj 444 Vol. IlL a 2 Akt. iY CONTENTS. Art. VIII. Shelvocke's voyage round the world, §0% Art. IX,. Commodore Roggewein's voyage round ^ the world, wjth a full Recount of the Dutch fet- tlements in India^ ' 584 Art. X. Lozier Bouvet to Magellanica, 641 Art. XI. Commodore Anfori's voyage rovind the world, , 644 ^ The Hon. George Murray, Efq; his account of the ; reparation of the fhips Severii and Pearl from Anfon's fquadron, 654 Art. XII. Don Antonio UUoa to the South Seas, 659 Art. XIII. Hen Brignon to Magellanica, 6S9 Art. XIV. Corotnodpre Byron to the South Seas, 6y.g BOOK V. OF the method of forming Qoloiiies in tfie Ters-a Australia, and the advantages r thap may be expesfted to rcfulf to Great Britain from fuch eftablilhments in tha,t Hemifphere, 715. %il VOYAGES. VOYAGES TO THE TERRA AUStRALtS. BOOK III. cbntiriued. Containing the CiscoveRies made in the TEfeRA AUSTRALIS, during the Seventeenth Century. ARTICLE XX. DE GENNESi to MAGELLANICA. ^ 8 AHE journal from whence we give this extradj ^'^95* was tvritten by Francis Froger, engineer on board the Admiral's ftiipj and was printed I >--rekets. February 4th, we faw Cape St. Ines. Thd coaft a^areii-veF^ lovv- -and ^barren, yet we faw fmoke enough to induce us to believe it was- inhabited. Some navigators tell us, that the favages hereabouts ufe to kindte ifires, on feeing any vefiel, and offer facriftces to the Devil, to induce him toraife rempefts todeftroy the fliips. Sboh after, w-e niairrowly efcaped runningona ihoal, which we took on the word of fome who had made this voyage before, to be Cap Virgins., though that cape lay further or). Fefcruaty i itb, we faw the cape, and having ftood off and on till the fog cleared, aboiit noon we entered the Strait, ahd anchored" at four ip- the afternoon in Po{fe0on Bay. The 13th we agait> anchored in l^ouiauh Bay., where we faw fome whales, and grampuflcs, which were all w'hite excepting the bead and tail. The coaft is flat, and quite barren, e- qually deftitute of wood and water. We found foiHc woodcocks, and fea-fowlSj and fome of our people faid, that, a leag.nB wkhin fand, they faw wild oxen and goats. We found here (and through the whole Strait)3?^fl: numbersof li-mpets and nmfcles, the mear of fome of them weighing half-a-pound, and the lllHfe finely variegated . Further on we found- Penguin IflAnd, which is about a leaglTe round. The land is hi^h, And Very 'dry. Here we faw fome huts of the i^i^s,- but empty, and many tea-fowls. We alfo catched foine .Pi?^?^»2>?j, wheri-ce the ifland has its- name. T'feefe birds' are larger than geefe, with fhort feet, grey ^IN-image, but v^- well feathered. Their wings have ri& feathfe^rs, but brily fove them to fwim with. They liWtVioftly in th^ water, c6mi!ng;alhore to fleep, "and buirow in^thfeeafth, likei^abbits. -There are alfo great murrtbcrs tsf fea-lions, and fofne 'ttf tJar -©fHcers pafjed the' n5iglit cto ftore, fchfe %fetler to view them. -'Th^ fiiff thttn- get ¦U'fSort "thfe fteep rocks, where 'rhey fat ^li^wn like rnbnkte'i^s,. and ntade a terrible floifeto' call *'" ' ""tKeifj TO MAQELLANICA. 3 t^eir females. When the yqtmg ^re brought forth, 1^9^^ they carry them ;into the woods, where they are very """"^ careful of them, jand feed them with fjfh *. We here faqnd the cold very .violent, and the fud- den changiri-g of the winds oft.en made us lofe the ground we had gained. We .often faw gre^t fires on the Terra del Fuego, which made us conjefture that the natives wanted to fpeak to us, but the feai was fp . rough that this was impqUible. February 21ft, we difcoyercd, off the illa,nd St. George, ? ftioal which is not laid down in the charts, and we retyrned to an chor in a bay, round which the co^ft rifes agreeably, and was covered with wood. We found there fome fmall rivulets of very gopd water, and on the banks eellery and other greens, with vaft quantities of fea- fowls. We were at this time fcparated from the fleet, whijqh we rejoined the 24th, in Port Famine, where we met with good, water, but had fome difficulty to get at it, on account of the rocks. Here, for the firft lime, we found eight or ten favages, who were bufy asking two fmgjl canoes of the bavk of trees i and they begged us, by figns, not to hurf them. They leemed to pay fome defere;ice to an old wotnan, who appeared to be eighty years of age. They had arrows, flings, and Ibme littje dogs for the chace. Their ar rows were headed with flints, neatly fhaped, in the form of a fcrpent's tongue; and, to cut wood, they majde ufe of hard ftpnes, like axes, having no know ledge of the ufe of iron, Thefe lavages are of an. olive cq|our, robuft and well niade. Their hair is black and long,. 'but cur, on the top of the head, in forna qf a crovyn. Their , faces, arms, and other pares of the body, were paint ed with white. In fpite of the exceffive cqid, tliey * See a very particular account of thefe animals in Walter's •Journal of-Commodote Anfon's voyage, during which he faw ¦many of them, particularly in the ifle of Juan Fernandez. A 2 are D E G E N N E ^, ¦-sT j(596. arc always naked, exccpp the ihoulders, on Which they "¦^ wear a fta-wfolf? fkin. They wander from place to place, equally Voi4' of care, or any fgntiment of reli gion, and their huts corifift of nothing more than fomd . branches of trees, fet up to that fifeJc of the fire whence? - the wind comes. In fhori, thefe are , the i^^/a^owj, whom fbn^e authors feprefent as t?eing eight or ten ^et high, and able to drink whole buckets qf wine at one draught T^ey appeared to ps to be remarkably ibber, and the talleft of theni was not fix feet hjgh. ^ Hence we doubled Cape forward, ana having got into a very cotnniodiqus bay, we (laid to get v?ood and water ffom a river that falls into the bay, in the middle of which is a Ijitle ifland, on which we found the carcafe of a. man, half' rotten, -fo that we qould only judge, frorn the numberof fea-wolyes fkins ftuck up rofurid him, thiat this was a deceafed native of the countryi "Not-finding this bay in our charts, we call: ed it Baye Franfoife, and gave the name of M. deGen~ nes to the river. Leaving this harbout:, we m^t with fuch terrible fqualls of wind, from the high lands round iis, that theyofteti laid our gunwale under water, when we leaft thoaghi: of ir, as it \yas often quite calm tht* moment before. By thefe fqualls, we were forced back to Port Famine,' fo called frorn the unfortunates colony of Spaniards,' who p'erifhed hete during th^ vdgn of Phifip ll. while thcf vainly fought to prevent other nations ^getting by this paflfage into the South Sea. //This bay is fpacious, the anchorage good, and ^bout lie large plains, that feem proper foi- agricuS tar^, and thfefe arefiUed with ganie of all kinds. , : ; o r We;" next g6t to Po/t Gallant, where the harbour is well ftielterfed from the well winds. ' The portis ad- vantageoufly fituated; and very commodious, haviffi two rivers of good water falling into it, affording i" great varie:ty,of moft beautiful fea-fhells, and fca- : We often 'heard the cries of the favageg in the ¦¦ ' ¦' ¦'- '• - neighbodring TO MAG ELL ATTICA; f- Bciglibouring mountains, but could not fee any of' 696. them. _ "^^^ Haying ftruggled with contrary winds and currents till the 3d of April, finding our provifions grow fhort, and the winter advancing apace, we now faw no pro- Ipeft of getting into the South Sea this feafon. We therefore called a council, in which it was refolved, in cafe the wind did not change in two days, to return to Jlha Grande, where we might find provifions. It is not poffible to exprefs the uneafinefs this unavoidable ftep occafioned to us. Forced to abandon thofe fan- guine hopes of acquiring f(?rtunes in the South Sea, there was not a common failor, who would not rather have ventured ftarving, than give pver the voyage, and yet at this time our neceffities were fo great, that a rat was fold at feven-pence. But though We were not fortunate enough to reach the golden coafts of Peru, yet our readers will not be difpleafed to find here, an account of the, motives which induced us to undertake this vQvage. • Some freebooters,, who had made fortunes in the South Sea, and had ftaid long in the Straits of Mage/- W» on their return, refolded upon a fecond expedi tion thither, during the war with Spain; and with this; view, the^!came to France, -whtreone of them, called' Macati,ra^rcSed himfelfto-Mr. de Gennes, whom he knew .tip be a: oian of enterpriztr. Dc Gennes was (q; well pleafcd: with the propofal, that he repaired to Pa'. ris, in order to lay this plan ¦before the miniftry, of*. fering to take the condu^^ of it on himfeif.: Thefe propofals met with all the fuccefs he could' hope .for. Theking gave him what ihips he pleafed^r and the no- veltyofthe undertaking induced many of thefiri^q'uav ^uy to become Ibarers in the adventure, while nn;pbers- of young 'people of the beft families entered on board the":fleEt,; both from: motives of cvn-iolby, and with ft he; hopes of acquiring fortunes. We ftill hope that bur little fuccefa-inthis firft attempt, owing ciiiefly to our pot being well acquainted with ti;e courfe of the winds 6 V f.: A M i N G,3 j6f(5. in thofe fcas, vsrill not prevent a .fecQnd trial, in whici* '^"^ we may reafonably hope to do better. We 'left the Strait on the eleventh of April, ^qd, on the i 6th, being then near the Tfopic, o^ €ape- Frio, we had the moon eclipf^d near two hours, af eiglit o'clock in the evening. The fquadron returned to Rochelk, .<^/{'r// 2 1, 1697, ARTICLE XXL VLAMING, TO AUSTRALASIA/ This voyage was made in fearch of a Dutch Eaft-Indi* man, fuppofed to have been loft fomewhere on the ^ cpafts of New Holland^ in the rout from t\K Ci^p^tj^ Matdvia. This extrad we give frpn> the Joyrnaj, printed at Amfterdam, 1701. It never- aippfare4 in English before. ' . . 1696. TN the year 1696, -three Dutch fhips, deftincd .for ^'^^ X *^his voyage, failed from the Texel. Having dou-. bled the Cape of Good Hope-, they fbuH4- themfelv^S^ November 28th, in 38 degrees, 40 minute?, fouth lar titude, longitude 95 degrees, 44 minutes, ne*r tQ the ifle of iiaint Paul, to which one may approach in fafjsty, avoiding the weft fide, vyhere there =i* a reef of rocks. They found here a particular fpeciep of the fea-lion, eighteen feet long, but neither wood nor water, npr any thing green, excepting fome rufhef, and, here and there among the rocks, an herb refem- bling parfley. There were few birds, but excellent iifh on. the coafts. Next day they got to the ifland Amfterdarfh^^Mxok lies thirteen leagues from the former to the fouth, la titude 37 degrees, 48 minutes, longitude 95 degrees, 44 minutes. This ifland is Jo covered with bufties, that TO AUSTRALASIA. ' ' ^ that it is diiiicult to forcea pafTr.p-e among them, \\txt ^697. they found neither man nor beaft ; only fea-lions and'^'^ birds. The foil is boggy to the depth of three feet, ^here the rOck begins, which is a fort of pumice-ftone, fo that trees cannot take root here. December 25th, they difcovered the coaft of New HoUand, in 31 degrees, 58 minutes fouth latitude, longitude, 130 degrees, i8 minutes-, and, four days after, they had fight of the Ifle Rottenefl, (Rats nelt), eight minutes further to the north, and 3 degrees, 7 minutes, more eafterly. Here they provided them- felves with wood, of which they found abundance. January 5th, 1697. Flaming landed in New Hol^ landi with eighty-eight men well armed. They march-- ed firft to the eaftward, without jinding any thing of Confequeftce, befides a fpecies of large trees, whence diftilled a kind of gum, like gum-lack, and plenty of wild parrots. Having gone forward three hours, they came to a falt-water lake, and by it found the traces of men and children's footfteps, but faw no body. Here they pafled the night, and next morning di vided themfelves into three bodies, in order to exa mine the country to the foutl% north, and eaft^ Their refearches terminated in finding a few abandon ed huts, but no frefh water, and this obliged them to dig pits, where they got fome. Returning to the falt-lake, they found it had ebbed a foot, whence thfey judged that it had a communication with the fea^ This they were prefently -convinced of, by finding a canaij or- river to the eaft, on which they embarked ift their boats. Here they found black fwans. They catehed four, two of which were brought alive to Ba- javia. Nothing of moment offered to them, though they went along this falt-water river, ten or twelve Jtagues inland. An exaft obfervation gave them here 31 degrees, 43 minutes, fouth latitude. A large dry bank ft-retched along the coaft here, half a leaguer frotn the fea-fhore. They found alfo another bank, b«t rocky, at the height of 30 degrees, 17 minutes, fouth 8 ¥ l' A M 1 N G, i<>97- fouth latitude. Thirteen minutes further fotfthi the ""¦^ variation of the heedle was 9 degrees, 2 1 minutes^ north-weft. ? Having paflTed feveral little iflands, they diftovere* a high point in 28 degrees^ 8 minutes. The barg^ being fent towards the fhote, reportedj that though they could not land, by reafoh of the furfj yet they had feen fome lavages walking along the fhore at a diftance. They were of a middle ftaturei, quite blacki and entirely naked. Some days after, they landed^ and found a piece of inland falt-water with fooie hutsj and the veftiges of mens fteps on thd fand. .At i6i degrees, 16 minutes, fouth latitude. They faw two inlets, the moft foutherly of which was three quarter^ of a league broad -, and, three days after, they found two rivers, one of which came from the fouth, and the other from the eaft, and were very deep. Here the boats penetrated, eight leagues and a half into another inlet, which has a communication on the other fidei with the fea, to the N. N. W. Next day they found a tin-plate, faftened to a poft with nails, With an in-^ fcription, importing that the fiiip Gomerd, of Amfier^ dam. Captain Hartog, had anchored there, Odi 254 1616, and had failedj the 27th, for Bantam. Hartog bay lies in latitude 25 degrees, 24 minutes, and, the variation was here, 8 degrees, 34 minutes, N. W.; Nothing remarkable occurs in the remainder of their voyage to the rWcr ff^iHiami in 21 degrees, 28 minutes. On the 21ft of February, they refolved to' leave this favage coaft, and, in confequence of this de-, termination, they faw Moni ifland, February 27thj in 9 degrees 50 minutes, fouth latitude, and the ihips got Me to Batavia, March 11. ^ According to V/aming's account, there is not upon earth a more mifcrable country than New Holland, fa that Dampier had rcafon to fay, that the Hottentots' were lords in comparifon of the inhabitants of this region. And indeed, by all accounts, thefe favage* appear to be funk into the very loweft fta-tc of bruta-' lityj H I S T O R Y, &c. ^ 9 lity, and take lio care for their own fubfiftence than 1696. the beafts of the field, and the fowls of the air. Yet^-'^ we fliall fee that they are remarkably robulf, healtliy, and warlike, fhowing more bravery than the nations that furround them, though very poorly provided witli the means either of defence or offence. ARTICLE XXII. Arrival of fome Inhabitants of the Ifle V a -l o K s at the Philippines. THis curious account is extrafted from the Lettres Edificantes et Curieufes., written by the Jefuit miffionaries in the Eaji-Indies, which were publiflied by Du Halde, from the letters of Fathers Clain and Go-' bien, tome i. and vi. They afcertain, beyond contto- verfy, the exiftence of a numerous clufter of iflands, lying (outh-eaft from the Philippines, and now called the New Philippines, or the CaroHne Iflands. Had the Abbe Prevojl examined this account, he would not have ventured to afTert, that no fuch lands exifted; There are excrads of thefe letters printed in the Philo- fophical Tranfaitions. Without regard to the order of time, I propofe here to lay before the readers all the accounts we have yet received of this newly-difcevered Archipelago, from the arrival of fome of its inhabi tants in the Ifland Samal during the year we are now iipon, down to the year 1731, below which no ac counts of thefe iflands have been publifhed, at leaft that we know of. >v "¦ The New Philippine Iflands tre a late difcovei y, of which we have an account in the Fhilofophical Tranfadions, in a letter from a mifTionary at Manila, who tells us, that bemg accidentally at the town of Guivam, in the Ifland of Samal, he there found twen- VoL.UI. B ty-nine 1-b HISTORY OF 1696. ty-nine Palaos, or inhabitants of certain new-difcovered •-v^ iflands, who we^re driven thither by the eafterly wmds, • which blew in thofe feas from December to May. They had run before the wind for feventy days toge ther, according to their own relati^pn, withput being able to make any land till they came in fight of the town of Guivam, an inhabitant of which being on the ft] ore, perceived them, and judging, from the make and fize of their veflTels, they were ftrangers, and out of their courfe, took a piece of cloth and made them" a fignal of entering the road he diredled •, to avoid the ftioals and banks of fand they would otherwife have run upon. Thefe poor people were fo frightened at the fight of this Tlranger, that they began to put to fea again -,' yet the wind forced them back a fecond time towards the fhore-, when they came near, the Guivan- nefe made the fame fignal as before ; but feeing they would not mind it, but would unavoidably be loft, he threw himfelf into the fea, and fwam to one of the little vefTels, on purpofe to bring them fafe into fhore. He was no fooner got to them, but the women, with their children on their backs, and aU that were in that veflfel, threw themfelves overboard, and fwam to the other. He feeing himfelf alone in the velTel, refpl- ved to follow them, and getting aboard the fecond, fhowed them how to avoid the fhoals, and brought them fafe to land ; in the mean time, they ftood im moveable, and refigned themfelves up entirely to the condud of this ftranger, as fo mariy prifoners. . The inhabitants of Gttivam running to fhore, re ceived them very kindly, and brought them wine and other provifions ; they eat cocoas very freely, which are the fruit of the palm-trees of this country. Their pulp is foniething fik.e that of chefnuts, only that it is more oily, and i"t fupplies them with a fort of fweet water, very pleafant to drink; they gave them rice ¦boiled in water, which is ufed there, and all over Jfia, a-s bread is in Europe ; they looked on it with furpriiel and taking up fome grains of it, threw them on the ground, THE NEW PHILIPPINES. n ground, imagining them to be worms; upon bring- 1696. ing them large roots called Palavan, they ate greedily ^''''^ of them. In the mean time they brought them two women that had formerly been driven on fliore on the coaft of Guivam, and who underftood a little of the language of this country ; one of the women found a- mong thefe ftrangers one of her relations, and, as foon as they knew each other, they fell a-weeping. The inhabitants of Guivam ftrove with each other who fhould entertain thefe ftrangers at their houfes, and furnifh them with provifions and cloaths, and other neceffa- ries. Of thirty-five perfons that embarked, there re mained but thirty, five dying through want of provi fions and other hardfhips, in fo long a voyage -, and, fome time after their arrival, another died. They related, that their country confifted of thirty- two iflands, which cannot be far diftant from the Ma rians, as may be judged by the fmallnefs of their vef- fels, and the form of their fails, which are very like thofe of the Mariatiefe. It is likely, that thefe iflands may be in eleven or twelve degrees of north latitude, more foutherly than the Marians,, and under the fame degree of longitude as Guivam; for, failing directly from eaft to weft, they came afhore at this town. It is likewife probable, that it was one of thefe iflands that was difcovered fome years ago at a diftance, when a fhip belonging to the Philippines leaving the common courfe, which is from eaft to weft, under the third de gree of longitude, and running farther to the fouth- eaft, firft perceived it. Some called this iflind Ccro- lina Ifland from Charles II. of Spain, and others the ifland of Saint Barnaby, becaufe difcovered on that a- poftle's day ; and it was again feen, 1695, by another vefTel, that a ftorm had driven out of its courfe in go ing from hence to Marians. Thefe ftrangers added, that, of the thirty-two ifland.;, three of them were un- -_ inhabited, unlefs with wild-fowl, but all the reft were well peopled. Upon afking them the number of inha- tants, they pointed to a heap of land, to liiow that B 2 their 12 HISTORYOF 1696. their number was very grtat. The names of thefe iflands ^"^ are Pais, LamulutHtup, Saraon, Taropie, Valayyay, anc^ others. The three iflands that have nothing on them but wild-fowl, are Picutet, Hulatan, and Pagian. The nrioft confideraible of all thefe iflands is Lamurec, where "the king of the country keeps his court, and to him the governours of all the other iflands are fubjed. Among thofe ftrangers, there was one of the governours, and his wife,' who was the king's daughter •, though they went half naked, yet their carriage, and a peculiar air of greatnefs, fufficiently diftinguifhed them from the reft. The hufband had his body painted all over with certain lines, in fuch a manner, that theyforrned feveral figures : The reft of the people were alfo paint ed in like manner, more or lefs. The women and children were not painted at all •, there were nineteen men and ten women of different ages -, the make and colour of their faces were much like that of the Phi.- lippinefg. The men had no Other fort of cloaths than a fafli wrapped feveral times round their bodieJ5,'and co vering their reins and thighs; they wore on their fhoulders about an ell and an half of coarfe linen cloth, like a cowl, tied before, and hanging loofe behind; Both men and women drefled much alike, only that the women had a piece of cloth fomewhat longer, that hung from their waift down to their knees. Their language is different; from that of the Philippinefe and Marianefe; their manner of pronouncing comes near- eft that of the Arabs, and fome who underftood the language obfer.yed the women, that feemed the moft confiderable amongft them, had feveral rings and necklaces of tortoife-fhcUs, called here'C^r^; and 0- thers made of a fubftance much like ambergris, but not tranfparent. The manner of their living at feaj which was for feventy days together, continually dri- ven by the wind, was thus : They eaft out a fort of net made of a great many twigs of frees tied totrc-^ ther, with a large mouth for the fifli to enter in "at, and THE NEW PHILIPPINES. 13 and terminating in a point, to prevent their getting 1696. out. The fiih they took alter this manner was all the ^'"^ nourifliment they had, and rain-water laved in cocoa- lliells, which is the fruit of the palm-trees, and of the figure and fize of a human fkull. They have no cows in their iflands, and at the fight of tliem they ran away, as they did likewife at the barking of a dog ; neither have they cats, Ifags, hor- ies, nor, in general, any quadruped, nor any fowl, but fea-fowl, excepting hens, which they breed up, hut never eat their eggs. Notwithftanding this their want of every thing, they are very cheerful, and con tented with their condition. Their fongs and dances are exad and regular ; when they fing it is all in con cert, every one obferving the fam.e humour and gef- tures, which makes it very agreeable. Thev were lurprifed at the government, politenefs, and manners bt the Europeans. They admired not only the folem- nities and ceremonies of the church in celebrating the divine fervice, but alio the mufic, inftruments, dan ces, and arms of the Spaniards, and gun-powder wa.s what furprifed them moft. They wondered at the whitenefs of the Europeans, in refped of whom they were perfedly tawney, as well as the inhabitants of this country. It did not then -appear, that they had any knowledge either of a Deity, or that they worfhip- ped idols. Their life is perfedly favage, minding no thing but eating and drinking, in which they obferve no fet time or place, when hungry or dry, and when they can find any thing to fatisfy nature ; Yet they ate but little at a time, and never enough to fatisfy for a whole day. They fhow much refped and deference for their king, and the governours of towns, and obey them very pundually. Their civility and refped con- fifts in taking hold of the hand or foot of the perfoa they would honour, and gently rubbing his face. Amongft their utenfils they had Ibme laws, not made of iron, but of a large fhell, called here Toulobo, which ?:heyrub and whet upon a certain kindof ftone. They were 14 HISTORY OF 1696. were furprifed to fee the number of carpenters tools "^ ufed in building a merchant-fiiip at Guivam. They have no metals in their country. The father- miffion- ary made each of them a prefent of a large piece of iron, which they received with as much joy as if it had been fo much gold ; and for fear it fhould' be ftole from them, they laid it under their heads, when they. went to fleep. They have no other arms than lanCes or darts, made of human bones, very well fharpened, and fixed on. They are naturally very peaceable ; but if any quarrel happens amongft them, it is decided with fome fifty-cuffs on the head, which, yet very rare ly happens ; for when they vyould come to a clofe fight, they feparate them, and they are foon reconciled again. They are not dull and heavy, but, on the contrary, have a great deal of livelinefs and courage. They are not fo lufty as the inhabitants of the Mari ans ; yet they are well-proportioned, and fhaped much like thofe of the Philippines : Both the men and * women let their hair grow long, and hang loofe on their fhoulders. When they underftood that they were to be conduded to the prefence of the father-miflionr ary, they painted their bodies all over with a yellow colour, which is looked upon by them as a great or nament. The oldeft of thefe ftrangers was once before eaft on the coaft of Caragan. They are very expert at diving, and they faid, that in fifhing they took two large pearls in their fhells, but threw them into the fea again, not knowing their value. The New Philippines &xe eighty-f feven in number, and form one of the Rneft. Archipela go's in the eaft, being inclofed on the north and fouth between the Line and the T topic of Cancer ; on the eaft and weft between the Marians and Philippines. The natives of the iflpnds never offer any violence to each i other: Murder and homicide are unknown to them; and theyJiave a proverb amongft them, viz. That one man never kills another. It is probable, thefe iflands may abound in gold, amber, and drugs' being fituat- ed THE NEW PHILIPPINES. 15 ed nearly under the fame degree of longitude as the 1696. Moluccas, whence we have nutmegs, and other valua- ^"^^ ble fpices. Though thefe people feem barbarous, yet they have amonglf them a fort of politenefs and regular govern ment ; every ifland obeys its chief^ who is himfelf fubjed to the king of the country. This prince holds his court in the ifland of Falu, called likewife Lamurec. Though thefe iflands were never heard of in Europe till within thefe very few years, it is a long time fince, from the high mountains of Samal, thick fmoaks were difcovered on that coaft, which commonly happen in fummer, when thefe iflanders fet fire to their woods and forefts, to clear up the ground : Thefe fmoaks the fifhermen of Mindanao, and other iflands, had alfo ob- ferved when far out at fea. There have been fome objedions made to this ac count by fome of our writers, who have reported it too fuccindly, and thereby cmbarraflTed themfelves by confounding their own fenfe of things with that of their authors. It has, for example, been queftioned, whether there be not inconfiftencies in thefe accounts of the Indians ? It is fuggefted that, as no European ever was in that country, fo the belief of fuch an Archipe lago of iflands cannot be eftablifned on any rational foundation ; and that there is a vifible abfurdity in the Indians being feventy days in pafTing fronn a country, the fmoak of which, was lien from the mountains of Mindanao. This humour of reafoning away fads is fo ftrong at prefent, that, though 1 have already taken up more room than I intended, yet I cannot forbear adding another relation, with refped to thefe iflands, of a much later date, viz. in the year 17 10, becaufe I think it will put this matter out of difpute, and be caufe, hitherto, it has never appeared in our lan guage. " The vefTel in which we embarked, in order to *' profecute the difcovery of the iflands of Palaos, was *' called the Holy Trinity, and her crew confifted of ^' eighty- i6 HiSTORtOF J696. " eighty-fix perfons : She was corhmanded byferjeanf- '^"^ " major, Don Francis Padilla, who carried with him' " the Reverend Fathers Duberon and Cortil, Jefuits,- '' accompanied by Brother Stephen Baitdin, who were " made choice of to propagate the faith among thefe '' iflanders. It was on the fourteenth of Noyemberj- " in the year 1710, that I failed from the Philippine " iflands, in order to find the iflands of Palaos, fup- " pofing my departure to be from the latitude of 13 " degrees, 9 minutes^ and from the longitude of. 144 " degrees^ 22 minutes, I navigated fifteen days, as I. *' have marked, in my chart ; and, on the thirtieth of " November, we difcovered land to the north-eaff, *' 3 degrees towards the north,, having obferved 4- or " 5 degrees variation to the eaft in this courfe, the *' land lying from us about three leagues. " We made fail again in order to approach nearer^ *' when it appeared, that there were two iflands^ which *' Father Duberon thought fit to call the iflands of St. *' Andrew^ becaufe^ on the day that we difcovered " therfi, the church celebrated the fcaft of that great " apoftle. When we were very near thefe iflands, we " perceived a boat coming to us^ in which were fome " of the inhabitants, who cried out,' when they were *' within hearing, Mapia, Mapia^ which is as much *' as to fayi Good people. A Palaos, who had been *' baptized at Manila, and whom we carried with us,' ** fhowed himfelf then, and fpoke to them : As fooB *' as they came on board, they informed Us, that thefe *' iflands were called Sonforol, and that they were pare " of the Archipelago we fought for. Theyexpreired *' a great deal of fatisfadion and joy at the fight of usy " which they teftified by kiflang our hands, and em- " bracing us. " Thefe people are extremely wdl fliaped,' and of 2 " very robuft conftitutipn ; they were naked, except *• that about their middle they wore a piece of mat. " Their hair was curled ; they had very little beard^ \[ and, to defend themfelves from the rain, they wore " upon THE NEW PHILIPPINES. ¦ upon their fhoulders a kind' of mantle, made of a 1696- ' thick foit of mat, and, on their heads, hats of the ^''^ '.fame fort of fluff", round which they ftuck bird';; ¦ feathers upright. They were extremely furprifed ¦ to fee our people fmoke tobacco ; and, of all things, • feemed moft to efteem iron ; and whenever they faw it, they gazed on it in fuch a manner as vifibly ¦ betrayed how much they coveted it : And in cafe we did not underftand their dumb figns, they made no difficulty of earneftly and frequently demanding it. In the afternoon there came off two other boats, in each of which there were eight men -, as foon as they came near us, they began to fing, beating time with their hands upon their thighs. When they were on board, fome of them began to meafure the length of the fliip, taking it for granted, that it was made of a fingle tree, while others counted our number of men. They brought us fome loaves, fome fifh, and fome herbs. " Thefe iflands were all covered with trees to the fea-fhore. Their boats appeared to us very neatly made, in which they made ufe of fmack-fails, ha ving a lee- board on the other fide the boat, in order to preferve it from going over. We defired them to fhow us which was the courfe to the largeft of their iflands, or Panloque, and they pointed to the N. N. E. They added, that to the S. S. W. and to the S. S. E. there lay two other iflands, one of which was called Merieres, and the other Paulo. When we were very -near the land, I fent my under- pilot to found, that 1 might bring the fhips to an anchor. The fhallop being arrlved-within a quarter of a league of the ifland, there came off three boats full of people, and fome of them going on board our ihallop, one of the Indians took notice there of a fabre, which, after he had, for fome time, confi- dered attentively, he jumped into t!:e fea, and took it with him My under-pilot reported, at his re turn, that there was no fit ground for anchorage. Vol. III. ' C " inafmuch i8 HISTORY OF 1696. " jnafmuch as there was a great depth pf water, and "^"^^ " a rocky bottom all along the fhore. I afterwards " fent another man on the fame errand, who' quickly, " returned with the fame anfwer. " All this time I had made a fhift, bykeeping un- " derfail, to ftem the current, which , ran very ftrong- " ly to the fouth-eaft, but the wind failing in the e- <', vening, we began to drive at large ; the Indians *' then got into their boats to go afhore. ,0,ur mif- " fionaries laboured all they could to keep thetn on V board, but coiild not prevail upon thern by any " means. They talked with them, however, fome " time, on the firft principles of Pur religion, and " taught them to pron'punce plainly the holy " names Jefus and Mary. We afked them feveral ^' queftions as to the bigpefs of the ifland, and the " number of its inhabitants. They a.nfwered, that " the ifland was about two leagues and a half in cir- " cumference, and that very probably there might be " eight hundred people, who lived chiefly on cocoa, " fi&, and falads. I obferved the height pf the fun at " noon, ahd found, that we were in the latitude of *' five degrees fixteen minutes north, the variation of " the compafs at fun-rife being about 5 degrees to the « N. E. ¦ ' " The currents carrying us away to the fbijth-eafl: " with great violence, we were not able to. recover the " land till the fourth, about fix in the rnorning. We " then found ourfelves at the rnouth of the channel, " betw:ixt the two iflands. I then fent the fliajlop " once more to look for an anchorage ; it was to no " purpofe, for, about four in the 'afternoon, they re- " turned with an account, that the coaft was an en- " tire rock, and that it was to no purpofe to let go an •" anchor. On the 5th, about 7 1:1 the mon-iing, the " tv^o Fathers came to a refolution of going afliore, " and fetting up a Crofs. Don Padtlla, and myfel^ reprefented to them the dangers to which they would V. be expofed, andhow much they had to fe^r fxm " thefe- <( THE NEW PHILIPPINES. 19 " thefe iflanders, with whofe temper we were fo littlei'696. " acquainted, and how much they might be embar- ^""^ «' rafled, in cafe the currents carried us to fuch a dif- «' tance as might put it out of our power to fend a «' boat to bring them off, or to afford them any aflift- " ance. Their zeal was fo warm, that they madelit- " tie account of thefe difficulties, but perfifted firmly in their refolution, in fpite of all we could fay. At " laft, therefore, leaving Brother Baudin on board the " fhip, they went into the fhallop, taking with them " the quarter-mafter of the veflfel, and the enfign of " the land-forces we had on board : They likewife " carried with them the Palaos I have before mention- " ed, together with his wife and children. " The two mifi^ionaries being gone, we kept near " the ifland all day, by the favour of the wind, not- " withftanding the force of the current ; but, towards " the evening, the wind funk, and we were driven " out to fea. We put out lights from the time it was "• dark, on the bok-fprit, and alfo on the mizen-maft, " that they might fee where we were. During the *' night, we had fome gufts of wind from the north- " eaft, the north-weft, the weft and loHth-eaft, fo " that in the morning at break of day, we found the " largeft of the two iflands bore from us N. N. W. " diftant about 8 leagues. We endeavoured from " that time, to the 9th at noon, to gee as near the " land as we could, but without cffed -, nay, the cur- " rent drove us ftill farther and farther, fo that 1 found " myfclf in the latitude of 5 degrees, 28 minutes " north. " AVe then held u council of war, in order to con- " fider what courfe we fhould take. Don Padilla, " the Lay-Jefuit, my fub-pi!ot, and myfelf, were of " opinion, that the wifeft thing we could do was to " fteer for the ifland of Panloque, the largeft of thefe' " ifles, aiid which was diftant from that we had quit- " fed about fifty leagues. It was about nine o'ck ck " in the morning of the nth, that we difcovered that C 2 *' ifland; 20 " HISTORYOF 1696," ifland; at noon we were in the latitude of 7 degreesy ¦"^"^ " 14 minutes north, the land being about a league off. " At four in the afternoon' came off four boats, which- " kept at the diftance of about half a cable's length,, «' and were foon after followed by two other boats ; at " laft fome of the people junaped over-board into the- "¦ fea, and fwam on board of us, with- intent, as it ap- " peared, to fteal any thing they could lay their hands "• on. One of them laid hold of an iron chain, and, " pulled at it, in hopes of breaking it ; another catch- " ed hold of a hammock that was hung out to dry, "• and a third was endeavouring to get in at a port- " hole. Don Padilla, confidering the behaviour of " thefe people, j:hought proper to put the foldiers un- "¦ der arms, there being at leaft fourfcore men in thefe " fix boats, and at the fame time made- a fign to the " iflanders to keep at a diftance. " Upon this they began to row towards the fhore;, *' bat at their going off, let fly a fhower of arrows,- " four of which fell on board our fhip. Don Padilla- " then thought fit to order a general difcharge of pur " firearms; upon which the Indians jumped over- «'• board, leaving their vefTels, and fmimming towards^ " the fhore at aprodigious rate ; but when they found' " that we gave over filing, they returned to their " boats, reimbarked, and made for the land as fa.fi " as they were able. Thefe Indians were all of thenv " naked, and Ibme had painted their bodies of differ- "¦ enc colours. Their ficin is generally of an olive-co- "¦ lour; but fome were darker fkinned than others ; " they had nothing with them that we faw, but a fev " cocoas. On the 12th we had little or no wind, fo " that it was as much as we could do to continue in " our ftnion, which we did all that day without ap-' " proaching near the kind. About four in the after-. " noon there came off two boats, who, made figns, ' " and fpoke to us; but, as we had no interpreter,. " we were not able to learn what they faid. About' " nine at niglit, the wind blew fouth-fouth-eaft, and-^ « the THE NEW PHILIPPINES. -zt « the currents fetting ftrongly to the north, carried 1696, '¦ us away at a great rate. I then thought the moft ^•'^'^ • prudent thing I could do was to fail between two of ' thefe iflands, the channel being very open and fair, ' and about a league over. On the 13th, being to '- the welt of thefe two iflands, we held a council, in ' order to confider what meaiures we were to take, ' and it was very foon refolved to bear away for Son- ' ford, in order to learn Ibme news of our inifliona- ' ries, and of our fhallop. On the i8th, I found ' myfelf abreaft of that i.'land. We lay there the ' whole day without fb much as feeing a boat, though '• we were within canon-fhot of the fliore. We coaft- ' ed round the weft lide of the ifland till the 20th, ' when a high guft of v/ind from the fouth-eaft drove ' us out to fea. " On the 2 ift we again drew near the coaft, and by ' two in the afternoon were within three quarters of ' a league of the fhore, without perceiving any boat. ' In the evening we were driven to lea again by an ' eaft-north-eaft wind, upon which we held another ' council, in which, after mature deliberation on the ' circumftances we were in, without a fhallop, in ' fome want of water, without knowing; where to get ' any, it was refolved to return to Manila, which we ' did with fome diificulty, being forced to make the ' tour of MindaJiao, carrying nothing back but the ' melancholy news of the lofs of the two worthy fa- ' thers we carried out.." It appears clearly from this relation, that it was pen ned by the captain of the veffel, though he has not thought fit to inform us of his name. Better evidence than this of there being fiich an Archipelago cannot be defired, though at the fame time it muft be con- feffed, that this account gives us a very different no tion of thofe people from that fuggefted by the former narratives. In 1711 another attempt was made of this kind, which ended as unluckily, fome of the Jefuits intended for the mifiion dying at fea, and others pr rifhii'.e 22 HISTORY 6P J696. rifliing in-thefe iflands, as very probably thbfe did that"* ^¦''^^ are rhetftloried in the foregoifig voyages.' It has'beeri gtrterally belieived; that thefe iflarids of ' Palaos are hear the' Philippines, and the fame with thofe' which were difcovered by a S/>fl«//^ captaihirt the yeaf' 1686, andwhd,'''in honour of Cter/f5 II. of ¦Spain, call-;' ed them the Caroline Iflands ; but'I't.hink th'efe lay more ' to 'the Toil fh. On the ifijth, and'on the 21ft' of June, 1720, th^rfe -arrived in the ifland' of Ga'aOTi^-the largeft' of the Archipelago, called . the MaHatt' Iflands, two*' boats full of India'hs, who faid 'they embirkedfrom an ifland called Sarefslop, in order to- go 'to ahother at a ' fmall diftance ftom it, -called Uly, and werfe' driven thi ther by a'ftorm. A' vefircl was fitted out to carry thetri home, andfromthff accounts given by thofe who were on board that vefTel, it very clearly appeared, that the laft-named' ifland was one'of thofe" called the Catolme Iflands, lying in the latitudebf 6' degrees north. It'is' faid, that thefe iflands belong to a larg6 Archipelago" divided, like 'tht^Miildives, into five provinces, -and* in habited ' by various nation^ of very different colours:; Some' nfegroes, fuppofed t6 be of the fame race with": thd inhabitants of New Guinea, othe'rs tawny, like the'';. Indians in the Philippines, and a' third fort pferfedly' white, fuppofed to be the defcendents of certain Spa- nUrds, who, in the year 1 566, were fet on' fhore by their commanders for mutiny, in a voyage frpm New'Spdiri' to the Philippines. While thefe people were on fhore at Guam, they faw' ' fome filver-plate, and, after confidering it attentively, declared that they had a great deal of ' that metal in their' iflands, which gave occafioh for the fittirto- out fome fliips from GaflOT, for the difcovery of thofeiflands, in the year 1722 ; -but what the fate of that expedi tion was, is not come to our knowledge. It is certain, • that a very great difcovery might be made on this fide, becaufe, from what is already known, it is very clear, that there is a continued chain of iflands in the longi tude of about 160 -degrees from the Line, or rather from THE NEW PHILIPPINES. 23 from the Continent of New. Guinea, which lies in the i49<5, latitude of 8 degrees Ibuth tp the iflands, that make a '"^ part of the Archipelago of Japan., in the latitude of 32 degrees north, and as it is certain, that the inha- bitants.of thelaft-nientioned Archipelago acknovsr,ledge they received great quantities of lilver from an ifljnd which lies to the eaft of them, it is not at all imprpba- blc, that many rich medals might be found in fome of the many iflands whjch form .the chain before men tioned. ARTICLE XXIV. ANTONY CANTOVA to the Caroline Islands, We give this extrad from the letters of the mifiiona- ries before mentioned. Vids Voyages aitx Terr. Aufir, vol. \\.p. 469. Nor do we think it ever appeared in Englifh before now, though it contains a great many interefting particulars, relating to the religi on, genius, and cuftoms of thefe iflanders. fHEN the Spaniards firft took'poffefllon of the Ladrone Iflands, they foon learned, that there lay, to the fcuth of thele, a great many others, to which they gave the name of the Caroline Iflands *. Hence, they confidered the ifland of Guam, (the big- geft of the Ladrones) only as a port that might facili tate their conqueft of the great number of iflands * It is doubtful that this difcovery is fo ancient. Clain fays, with ijiore probability, that they were firft feen by Spanijh navi gators in the ; tar 1686, and that they ¦were called the Carolincf, in the year 1696, from Charles 11. at that time King of Spain. Was the difcovery as old, as is here faid, they may have got their names from Carlos, fon of Philip li. But this is far from |?eing. prgbabls. they 24 ANTONY CANTOVA, TO 1696. they judged lay tPwards the fouth, and the goveP'* ^''^ npurs pf Guam made feveral attempts frpni time to time for this end, but to little or no purpofe. ^On the 19th day of June 172 1, a bark was perceived, at fea, much like to fhofe of the Ladrone Iflands, but. more lofty, fb that the centinel took her for an Euro pean frigate. She landed at Tarafofo, a defert coaft pf the ifle of Guam, towa,rds the eafl. There \yere on board 24 perfons, eleven men, 'feven women, -and fix children. Some of thefe canne afhore, and began t» gather cocoa-nuts, though with all the appearances of terrour. A nadve of Guam, fifliing hard by, percei ved them, and immediately informed Father Mufiaii. Immediately this Jefuit, accompanied by the chief of the next village,- and fome others, went in canOes to the relief of thefe poor iflanders, who knew nothing either of the country or people" among whoni they were. The chief of the village having a f\yord, fright-' ned thern' aimoft to death, and the women fent forth larhentable cries, imagining they were difedly' to be maffacred, nor could all the Spaniard's figns of friend- fhip encourage them. At laft one of therii,' who feemed to have more counage than the reft, fpoke a few words to his countrymen, and then leaping aflibre, went up to Mufccti, and prefented him with fome pie ces of the fhells chilled Garret, and fome yellow pafli, with which they adorn their bodies. The father ac cepted his little prefent, and ernbraeed him. This diffipated their terrour, and'they'all came afhore with conhdence, where they were plentifully fupplied with food, and had every aHiftance to reftore their ftrength, after the fatigues they had undergone." That they might appear decently, the miflionary caufed give them cloaths, and'lodged them in thevillage of Ina- haram, till they' got the govcrnour's anfwer, to whom they fent notice of the Indians arrival. * - "~" Their bark is of a Angular conftrudion. The fail is made of Palmetto leaves, nicely joined together. The head and ftern are of the fame figure, terminating like THE CAROLINE ISLANDS. zs like a dolphin's tail. Within board are four little i<596. chambers for goods and paflfengers. One at the head, ^'"'^ another at the ftern, and two others by the maft, btit thefe projed beyond the gunnels pn each fide, fprm- ing a kind pf wings. Thefe cabins are cpvered with Palmetto leaves, to keep off the fun and rain. Befides thefe, the hold is divided by partitions fitted to hold necefTaries. The moft furprifing thing of all is, that there are no nails ufed in the whole conftrudion, nor any pin, but the planks are fo neatly joined by a kind of ftrong thread, that no water can enter. Two days after this event, another ftrange bark, but refembling the Marian prows, landed at the weft point of Guam. Aboard her were only four men, a woman, and one child. They were conduded to U- tamag, the refidence of the governour Luis Sanches, where they were prefented to the others, tp fee if they were of the fame nation. They proved to be fo, and teftified their mutual joy, by repeated embraces. We learned afterwards that thefe two barks were part of fix that had failed from the Ifle Faroilep to go to that ofUke; but that, during the paflTage, they had been difperfed by a ftrong wind at weft, and having been driven about twenty days at the mercy of the waves, and fuffered dreadfully from hunger and thirft, befides the efforts they were obliged to make to refift the vio lence of the currents, they at laft were driven on the ifle of Gfiam. They were indeed in a very weakftate, and had their hands fadly bliftered with rowing. One of their ftouteft men did not long furvive thefe fa^ rigues, and was baptized when at the point of death. Their cloathing confifts of a certain ftuff, which they wrap rpund the reins, and bring through betwixt their legs. Their chiefs had a kind of mantle, open at the fides, which hung from their flioulders down to the knee. Befide the cloth round the reins, their women had a fort of petticoat defcending from the wafte to the middle of the leg. Their nobles have their bodies painted, "and their ears pierced, to which Vol. III. D thc^ 26 ANTONY CANTOVA, TO 1696. they haog aromatic Rowers, grains of eocoa, andbitSf ^¦'^'^ of glafs, when they can get them. ' Thefe Indians are tall and well made, moft had crifped hair, thick nofes, large: piercing eyes, and thick beards. Their complexions are not alike, which rnakes us think that they are a mixed race of Spamardf and Indians*-. It , is. not eafy to fay, whence this di- verfity of colour proceeds. I fhall, in the fequel, ha zard fome conjcdures on this intricate fubjed. On the 2.8th of June, the governour caufed; trarvf- port thefe iflandieri- to jjgai»a, the capital of the Ma- vian. iflands, where he lived. As they were ftill very weak, our apothecary applied himfelf, with .great care, to reftore their health. We next thought of inftrtrd- ing them in our religion, bint this was like to prove a difficult talk, their tongue being atcerly unknown to us, nor had we any interpreter. However, byinde- fatigable application, 1 at laft got enough of their lan guage to enable me to exprefs in it fome fhort pray ers, and the principal dodrines of our belief. - Thel'e I made therrii get by heaart, and repeat often, in the hearing of their countrymen. On the 29th I baptized one ©f their children, who appeared to, be dying. But he recovered, and I am now happy to .fee him learn, our religion and mamners with the greateft facility. I alio baptised four other children, whom their parenis! agree to leave here, when they go back to their native country. They alfo fliow a dicfire of becoming Chrif- ^ This cpnjeaure cannot poflibly be true. We. have feen that in the iflands of the great South Sea, the Indians are found to be of three different colours, even in thofe that lie near to each.o- ther. However Ilrange this phoenomenon may appear, it is cer tainly rijoft trne'. Cantova indeed' mentions 29 Spaniards that were abandoned in one of the iflands of the South Sea, during the year 1566, audi, iif his opimion be jnft, their pofterity mult have gone over all thefe iflands, in a century and an half This is.byno^ means probable. ' Had it been fo, they would certainly have left fomejeffiges of the Spanl/h tongue alfo, among thef? Indians but this does not appear to- be the cafe, as the language of the iflandir^has no fiiipilitude to any European dialgdt. tiaiiis THE CAROLINE ISLANDS. 27 tians themfelves, but as they are to return immediate-1696. ly, and have no miffionaries with them, it was appre- ^""^ hended they would quickly forfake their new religion. They had now ftaid four months in Guam, during which time they had gathered, with the utmoft avidi ty, all the old nails, hatchets, and other inftruments that fell in their way, this metal appearing to them the moft valuable acquifition they could make.- The ftrong defire they had to fee their families again, and carry home their treafure, made them folicit leave to depart, with the utmoft anxiety. The governour, willing to indulge them, thought of letting them go home, in fome way that fliould keep up our intercourfe with them, and retaining fome of their principal peo ple as hoftages. He allowed me to go with them, in order to infped their country and manners, but my fuperiours would not allow me tP be abfent. Our In dians cpntinuing to afk leave to go, faying, that^ without this permiffion, life would be intolerable to them, the governour continued to amufe them with fair words, till he fhould get things in readinefs to fend, and examine their iflands. I made ufe of this time, and the little knowledge I had gained of their language to inform myfelf, as far as I could, of their iflands, their religion, their cuftoms and govern ment. Though I dare not aflfert with certainty the trile fi- tuation of all thefe iflands, fince I have it only from the reports of the natives, yet I flatter myfelf, that the precautions I took will prevent any material errour. I talked often on this fubjed to thofe of them that feemed to have moft experience ; and, as they ufe a compafs that has 12 points of the winds marked upon it, I informed myfelf what courfe they ufed to fteer,, in going from one ifland to another, and what time was fpent in the paflfage. I alfo had regard to the ftrudure of their barks, which are larger than thofe of the Marian Iflands. After carefully weighing all I have learned on this fubjed, I fuppofe I am not far- D 2 from id ANTONY CANTOVA, TO 1696. fromi truth in laying down thefe iflands between the '"'^^ fixth and eleventh degree of north latitude, and about 30 degrees longitude eaft of Cape Spirito SanSo, in the ifle of Samal'. The iflands com pofing this Archipela go, are divided into five provinces, each having a particular dialed, which refembles the ^rg^/V *, as far as 1 could judge from their pronunciation. The firft province to the eaft, is c ailed. "G'/^^f,, and its principal ifland, which is much larger than Gum, goes by the name of Torres, or Hogoleu, Its' inhabi tants are partly negroes, partly mulattoes and whites. The king's name is Tahulucapis, v/ho has under his fceptre a great, many other iflands of different fizes, but all very populous, diftant from each other, 8v 15, and 30 leagues. Thofe ftretching from nortbto weft 2^e Etd, Ruaa, Pis, ^Lamoi/, ^Falalu,: U.lalu,.Maguir, Ulou, Pul'ep, Lefgtiifchely. Tetnetem, Seheugh^ Thofe lying from N. W- to S. E. are called Cao/, Capeugreu«, .roup, Peule, Pat, befides a great many leffcr ones. The fecond province begins 4 degrees, 30 minutes eaO: of Guam, betwixt the, 8th and 9th parallel. It comprehends 26 ifles of fnjall fize, fourteensof which are inhabitecl ; Ulee, Lamurrec, Faroilep, and others which are marked in our chart. The pilot Rodri guez being I'hipwrecked on the flioal called St. Rofe, it) the year 1696, firft difcovered Faroilep, with the two neighbouring iflands, and he judged it to lie about forty-five, leagues from Guam. This province is divi ded, into twp diftrids. . That of Ule^, whofe Lord is 'Called Gofalu, and that of Lamurhei^ governed h^ Ma- luJfoM. Theiflajvders we haye now with . us, are ..of this province. The third province begins at, 2 degrees weft from Guam. Its.^largefl; ifland is called Feis, about fix * tVe muft have good proofs to fupport the coujeaure of this language being debived from the Jr^bic, which appears very imprtibable, when we revolve tke great diftance. of fituation, and the frnall foundation there is for believing that any Arabian ever was m thofe feaj. ... ,„.„.. i leagues , TUB CAROLINE ISLANDS. 29 leagues in circuit, very fertile, and well peopled. Its '696. chief's name is Meirang. The province is made up of """^ a heap of iflands, occupying a fpace 25 leagues long, and 15 broad. Captain Bernard d'Eguy firft difcovered them in the year 1712. Falalep is one of thefe, and is 5 leagues round. The chief refides in Mcgmog, in paffing which the barks lower their fails, as a mark of refped. The Ifle Zaraol belongs to this province, though lying 15 leagues off. They comprehend un der the general name of Lumululutu all the iflands lying to the eaft, and under that of Egog all thofe fi tuated tpwards the weft. The inhabitants live pn cp- coa-nuts, fifh, which they have in abundance, and rpots of the fame fpecies with thofe in the Marian flands. The fourth province lies 39 leagues further weft. Tap is the name of the principal ifland, forty leagues round, very fertile, and extremely populous. Befides the roots common to all the reft, they have here the potato, which they call Gametes, and were originally brought from the Philippines, as one of thefe Indians, called Caial, told me. He faid that his father, called Coor, one of the principal men on the ifland, three of his brothers, and himfelf, were thrown by a ftorm on one of the Philippine Iflands, called Bifaias, where one of our miffionaries took care of them, and gave them cloaths and iron, which they efteem above all things in this world ; that, at their return, they brought back to their country the feeds of different plants ; and, ia- mongft others, the potato, which multiplied fo faft, that they were foon able to fupply the other iflands. Thefe people compofe a pafte of a yellow colour and aromatic fmell, with which they anoint their bodies on feftival-days, and this, in their idea, is a mark of mag nificence. I have, however, fome doubts of the truth of what this man alfo told me, viz. That there were mines of filver in his ifland, but that they got little of it, for want of iron tools to work them ; but that they fometimes found lumps of virgin-filver, which they go ANTONY CANTOVA, to i6g6. they brought to a round figure, aod fo made aprefenC crftbem to their Lord, named Teguir, who, be faid, had foime of thefe pieces big enough to ferve for ftools toiiton. Six or eight leagues from this ifland, are tfeiree foiall ones, forming a triangle, whofe names are Negolu, Laddo, nad.Petangaras. The fifth province, lying 45 leagues from Tap, is compofed of a great number of iflands, called by the Indiatis Panli&n, and comnionly Palais, but they na med only feven of the largeft, lying N. and S. viz.. PeliBeu, Coaewgal, TagalateK, Cogeal, Xalap, {where the chief refides,) Mogulihc, and Neigarrol. Thefe iflands are papulous, but their inhabitants are favage and in human. The men and women go ftark -naked, and cat human flefh. The Carolines look upon thefepeo- plewith horrour, as the common enemies of mankind." This account I have reafon to believe true, as it cor- refponds with the relation of Father Bernard Mejfta. Twenty-five leagues S. W. of thefe laft, are the two ifknds, called hy us St. Anir-ew, and by the natives Sssrol and Caioc^pmi, in y degrees north latitude. It was in Smrol that the Fathet^ Duhron atid Certii ftakl, in die year tyio, together with 14 other perfons, one V A. rd 1696. nefs,'Conl:i-iT^d" to make thefti dici- fo as not to recover* ^¦''^^life again. ¦ Fbt'this iPeafon, they call him :£J?af Mila'^ but. Evil Spirit, and the others iE^y Mf/4^r.fjGobd Spirits.* They name alfo another evil 'fpirit; whom* ' th6y call Morogrog, who being thruft'dowrtfcsm' Hea*. ' ven for his bad adions, firft brought dowYi fire with hitH to earth, fomething like what the poets* tell of Vulcan and Prometheus. This Lugueiiing,. fon of £//>«.-¦ . lep, had two wives, the one a celeftial beings who -' bore him two fons, Carrer, and Melilian, the Other;.' terreftrial, born at Falalu in the province of Hnogoleu^ by whom he had Oulefat. This laft^ being told that his father was a celeflial fpirit, became impatient to fee him, and for this purpofe endeavoured tO fly up to ¦. Heaven, but foon fell down to the ground again, -like. : another Icarus, His bad fuccefs did not difcourage- him. He kindled a large fire, and'by the help of the ¦. fmoke, heat laft got to heaven to his father. There" is, in thelfie Falalu, a little frefli water lake, where the gods are faid to bathe themfelves, and for this reafoh the natives never approach this facred. place. They believe, the fun, moon, and ftars endued with reafonj, and that they are inhabited by numerous ce leftial nations. Such are the general principles of their theology, to which, however, they do not feem great.l bigots, for, with all thefe olgedsof veneration, they have neither facrifice, temple, idol, or any other .ej^J . teriour worfliip. They throw the bodies of the dead into the fea,. aS far from fhore as they can, and leave them a preyta.,. the fifti. But the bodies of thofe of diftinguiftisdi rank are buri|d:with much pomp. The moment the fick man expires, they paint all his body yellow, and his friends, and relations aflCenible to deplore their com-' mon lofs. At firft nothing but groans and cries are. heard, which gradually fubfide into a melancholy fpr lence. This is again interrupted by a female vditt^,* which, with many tears, enumerates- all the good qUa^ Iraes of the defund, his defcent, his beauty, his agi lity THE CAROLINE ISLANDS. 33 lity. in dancing, his addrefs in fifliing, and in fhort, 1696. every thing that can do honour to his memory. Thofe of the audience, who are moft affeded by this funeral oration, cut oflFthe hair of the head and beard, and throw it on the dead body. Curing this whole day^ they eat nothing, but the night following they take care to make amends for this faft. Sometimes they inclofe the body in a fnriall ftone edifice ereded within their holies, and fometimes bury them at a diftance, furroundirig the grave with a ftone-wall. They alfo leave fome viands near the tomb, in the belief that the Ibul of the deceafed feeds upon them. They believe an aftcr-ftate of rewards and punifh- ments, and that the fouls of fuch as go to heaven, re turn to earth the fourth day, and are among their rela tions, though invLfible ; . and they have priefts and prieftefTeSj who pretend to hold communication with thofe fpirits, and declare Whether they are deftined to happiiiefs or mifery. They adore the happy fpirits, calling tliem Tahutup, or patrons, and every family has its Tabutup or protedor, to whom they addrefs their vows. If they ai-e fick, on a journey, fifliing, or cul tivating the ground, they always invoke their Tahu- tup, and offer him prefents, which are hung up in the ,-houfes of their Tdmoles, as thankfgivings, or in hopes of obtaining their defires. The inhabitants of the Ule Tap, are more brutifh. Thefe adore a crocodile, and have among them enchanters, who keep up a correfpondence with evil fpirits, and by their af- fiftance, bring difeafes, and even death, to thofe they hate *. When going a-fifhingi they carry no provifions to * This is not the only inftance of the abfurd credulity, and iow'fupSrftition that predominates in the Lettres Edificantes. Ma ny of thefe inviflionaries fill their accounts with fuch idle tales, as difguft every reader of judgement and true tafte. Such are their Ihiracles, their legends, &c. many of which equal the Legenda iAurea SanEterum, Vol. III. E fea; 34 ANTONY CANTOVA, to 1155^6. fe^l t^ut,* before they fet Out, the Tamoles corti^cner iff '""'^ a certain houfe, and generally in the month of" Februa ry, and judge of the fuccefs of the fifliing from a heap (^ knots made upon the leaves of the palm-tree, and if thefe are found in equal numbers, they think the feafon will be profperous, and that the contrary will happen, if the numbers prove unequal. ' A plurality of wives is not only permitted, btit e- Ven looked upon as a mark of honour., The Tamole, or chief of Hiiogoki ^'^^ "^"^ wives. Thofigh adultery is' reckoned a gr€a;'t crime, yet.it is commonly forgot, if a handfome prefent is made, to the injured hufband. The man is permitted to put away his wife,, if fhe vio lates his bed, and the woman may leave her hufband, if he no longer pleafes her ; and in fuch cafes, they have laws regulating the diftribution of the dowery. When a man dies without children, the widow marries the brother of the defund, as the ancient Jews did. With all their ignprance, we find among thefe peox pie a Certain police, which detnonftrates that they are of a better dilpofltion,, artd endued' with more fagacity than many Indians in this part of the world, who have little humart, befides- their figure- The authority re mains in feveral noble families, theeldeft of \yhich arc calkd Tamo/es. And befides thefe, there is,, in eycry province a head Tamole,, to vs«hom all the others are flrbordinate. Thefe let tjicir beards grow to a great length, fpeak little, bitt always with authority, and affed a grave and impofing deportment. Whena fa- mole give& audience, he is fea'ted on a high tablCj and his fubjcds bow to theground before him . They be^' gin at a good-dift^nce to put themfelves intoaftpoplng pofture, and advance towards, him in. this ma^nner, with every niark of reverence. Wheift they are got near him,, they fit down on the ground, ^nd receive his, orders with the mofl:, profound fubmiffion, which they look on as coracles, and, never violate. When they havea favour to demand, they kifk his hands and feet. Though the boufcs .ia general are only low hflis, covered THE CAHOLfNE ISLANDS. 35 covered with palm leaves, yet tliofe of the Tirz^wo/cj are 1696. built of wood, and adorned with pajntiHgs after jheir '¦'"^ manner. Criminals are neither puniflied by imprilbnmcnt Or death, but they conj:ent themfeWes with banifhing them to another ifland. In every village th^re are two houfes fet apart for the inftrudion of youth j one for the boys, and another for the girls- But the educa tion -of the former is termioaKd in teaching thern a few loofe principles of aftrohoniy, for their ufe in jlavi- gation. The mafter has a kind of fphere, on wioh the principal ftars are marked, iand he fliows his difci- ples the rhombs of wind they ought toobferve indiffer ent courfes. The chief occupation of the tnen confifts in fifhing, building bp^ts, and cultivating the earth. The bufinefs of the women is dreflTing the viduals, aiding their hufbands in fbwing the ground, and ma king fluffs of the wild plane, and of another tree (h^y call Bali^ago. Flaying no irpn, they ufe ftone hatchet? in cutting down wood. If they happen to bring to their iflands any pieces of old iron, thefe are imme diately given to the Tanioles, who order thetn to be made into litehfils, as well as they can, which they hire out tp their fybjeds at a ftated price, and this con- Ititutes a large brancl^ of their revenue, Thefe people bathe themfelves at morn, rnid-day, and evening. They gO tobed, and rife v^ith the fun, When the Tarnole goes to fleep, the young folks^ af- fembled round his houfe, endeavour to divert him with their mufic, finging cer|ain pieces of poetry, fill he bids theni ceafe- They nov/ and then aflemble by moon-light near the Tamok's houfe, ^nd fing and dance. to the found of their ov?n voices, for. they have no mu- fical irfftruraent. The beayty of their dances confifts in anexad'uniformity of moirioR. The men are pla ced OppOfite to the women, and move their heads, arms, and legs, in exad cadence. On thefe occafions they are drefied in all their finery. On their heads they have crov/ns of feathers, aromatic fioWqis hang- E a ^ ir«- j6 ANTHONY cantova; to 1696. ing frpm their noftrils, and palm -leaves from theit *^ears. 'their ' arms, Hands, ' and feet, are stlfo qrna-/ njented. The dance of the women is of another kind, more fujitedl to their fex. They fit down, anti looking towards each other other, they begit\ a doleful and pa thetic air, which thW accompany with correfponding; movements 'pf the head and a,rm.s. Hence it is called in their language, ^4a«^?r;^fl£^, or the \wOmen's ditty. "When the dance' is ended, the' Tamole, if he be of a liberal difpofition, 'holds up a piece of cloth, to be- ^phed by the moft nimble of the company. ; Befides tlie' dance they have other games, in which they give proofs of their vigoyr and addrefs, darting the javelin, throwing itones,' and catching balk in the air, and thefe games are folemnized at particular fea- fonspfJhe year.' They are-particularly fondof whale^ fifliing, and their method of killing them was thus dev fcribed-jo me by ah inhabilant'of t/ifefl. ' Thereareten or twelve of thefe ifkiids lying fo as nearly tor-fonn a circle, within which the Tea isifmooth. When awhaltj enters the gulf,, the iflanders; . in their boats, immedi ately form a chain to feaward, and advancing by de grees, they frighten the animal, tmd . drive hjm fprj^ ward, till he fixes himfelf oti. fome fhpal. Thenthey throw themfelves into the water, and attack him with lances, while the reft fatten him with. topes to the fhore. Thus they kill and drag him to land, and the, whole is concljuded with afeaft. ' ' ^e iii H r. The quarrels of private people are generally termi nated- by prefents, but differences tetwixt the villages cortimonly, produce a war,; in which their weapons are ftpnes and lances, headed with "filh^ bones. ' Their CPnnbats' arejiift fp many duels, every man atta,cking. the a,dverfary immediately bppp/ed. to. him. Their battles generally are fought iri fome open plain, and their little arrriics -are' drS.wn up .in -three ranks, the firft being compoTed.'of the ypung men, the fecohdof thofe of the largeft'ftature, >nd the third of ,the.ol4 men. The firft rank engages man to mart, with 'ftones "" and THE CAROLINEISLANDS. 3f and lances, and whenever a combatant is difablcd, his 1656. place is filled from, the fecond rank, and that void is '"^^ again fupplied from the third. The vidorious artoy ftjoutforjoy, and infult the vanqqiflied. < . Among the different tribes ; of our, iflanders, thofe of Ulee ajipeared to me mpre civili?ed thap the reft. Their air .-and manner was more engaging, and though more gay than the others, they had mpre good fenfe. They alfo fliowed more compafllon and natural fenfibi- lity to, the diftreffes of others, which leads me to thinly that they would prove more ready to receive inftrudion than their countryrnen. ^ Their general food confifts of fifh and roots. They have altb birds and fowls, but no four-footed animals, nor have they rice, wlre.at,. barley, or maize. They have numbers of trees, of which they make their boats. .:,..-, They have in thefe "iflands many Meftizos, ^nd Ne groes who ferve them as domeftics. Probat)ly thefe Negroes cohie to them from New-Guinea, wJth which they; may have a communication by the fouth. 7 ho' IJiaye before, mentioned.the whites among them, and my ;cpnjeclure:as .to their origin, yet I fhall here relate a fad. mentioned by Father Collin, in his Hiftory of the P.hilippinis,'. tap-. 20. Martin Lopez, pilot of a 'fhip going fromcMmro- to the; FMi^ozw,- confpired with 2,8 more, .to. pot the reft of the crew afhore on fome defert ifland, and go a pirating on the coafts of C/&f'«fl. Their ploebeJfig difcovered, they were themfelves'put afhore on amifland" lying eaft of the Mariatis, ot La- drones. .;ltis probable that this was one of the Cdrolihe Wlands, and that thefe Spaniards mixing with -the wo men -of' the^ country, produced that race of Meftizos we now find inrall thefe iflands V * We have already t^bfepved that the caufe here affigned is by BO means equal to the eff^iS, .vjhites b^ing alfo found in the i^ands that lieabout no'id-"\^ay between the Lai^risw/and. the coaft. oT MeWco, at a vaft diftance "from the Carolines, • •:- 1.:;. " ' ' Memo- 38 A,Jf T p-I^ y C A. N T O V A,) yo , MetrtoTiz} 'hfyFerh/iftd'a Valdes Tctmon, Governour of * the Philippine Iflands. Thi§ Memorial we here give in Englifh from theJ^reit(^ * of the- Colledor of the Voyages aux Terres .e^ujira- les, vol. ii. p. 489, as it contains the kft accounts ' we have yet feen pf thefe diftant regions, and there- . fore Ihould not haye been omitted by the iate;Editor ¦ of Harris-'s voyages* ¦- . ,.j5;f*!- f 731. ^TliJ-JE Fathers Cantova ind Salter left Guam the 24 ^'^ I day of February, 17 3} t and failed fpr the new difcovered il^nds. The fecbnd of March they arrive'cl ifafely ^t one oiif the' Caro/ines, and fpent there three months in the exercife of their tnifllon. . -,Finding themfelves here in want of every thing, '/^aZ/^r-em^- isafked, in order to return to the Marimsf'ind Tut^^ nifh himfejf with n^cefSries for the- Father tCaiitiyii'd,- whom he left in the ifland, \vith fourteen i.nhabitant$, of the ikfcnW. Contrary winds- obliging' him 'to land in the Philippine Ifles, he was fprced tp wait a whole year, in expectation of the (hip wjiich goes onee in two, years to the Marian inlands. ,. Tlius he did BOt embark again till November 1 2, 173^, and a,fter' a navigation of three months and an half, had the niis- fortupe to be fhipwreeked, jufl as he gpt tp his in tended pprt. The miflionanes, not difcouraged, im mediately caufed fit out anpther veffel, at a great ex- pence, onboard of vvhich Walter emharked. May 31, '73h attended by forty-four perfons. Having failed nine days, they at Ufl: got near thefe ifles, and firing fon^e.guns, as a fignal,' no boat appeared, which m.ad© them, luifped that the barbarians had killed Cantova.' They then'entered a fort of bay formed by two iflands, one of which is Falalep, and coming within piftol-fhot of the flujre-, they could difcern that the houfe was^ burnt 4ow'« to the ground, and the crofs fixed on th© ftiope was; demoUfli^, At laft four boats came tpv*ai€s; • • - -thf THE CAROLINA ISLAND^; ^9 the fhip, bririging cocoa-nuts, and thefe people, be- i73». ing afked what was become of Cantova, anfweredwith'-'^^, an air of embarrafTment, that he and his companions were gOne to the greit ifland Tap, but the terrour that was painted in their faces, and the abfolute refufal they gave' to our propofition of coming on board, though we endeavoured to allure them with bifCuit and tobacco, left us no room to doubt, that Cantova and his people had perifhed by the hands of thefe bar barians. At laft we catched,one .of the favages, and brought him on board, while the others, jumping into the fea, with great cries, got away by fwimming. Next morning we failed for Tap, but not knowing what courfe to fteer, we fpent three days in vain, fearching for it. Meanwhile we queftipned the Indian we had taken, and afTuring him we would do him no harm» if he told the truth, he at laft gave us the following account. Father Cantova had gone tP the Ifle Mogmog tp bapr lize an Indian, accpmpanied by his interpreter and twp fpldiers, leaving the others in Falalep to guard their houfe. He had fcarce landed, when the natives got together in great numbers, armed with lances, and furrounded the miflionary with loud cries. He afked t)iem gently >yhy they would murder one who had never done them any injury. But they replied, that, as he came to change their ancient cuftoms and inftitutions, they would have nothing to do with his religion, and with thefe words they run him through at once with three lances, ftripped his body, and wrap ping it in a mat, buried itin a little hovel, which me thod of interment they beftow only on their chiefs. They alfo mallacred his three attendants, and putting their bodies into a boat, let it drive to fea. They next came in their boats to Falalep, where the others had been left. The foldiers, feeing them advance to wards the hpufe, fired on them from^four fmall field- pieces they had planted before their gate. This dif- chacge did {^t intimidate thefe barbarians, though if: killed 40 ill S T G R Y O F *^?^* killed foiir met}, but they continued to advance; and though the foldiers inade a gallaritr defence, yet were they at lift pppreffed with ntimbers, and a}l malTaf,, cred. Their bpdies were buried by the fea-flipre.; ^ , / There perifhed on this occafiop with Cantova; eight Spaniards, four Indians from the Philippines^ andaflave; only one yoiiiig man efcapingj on whom one of their chiefs took pity, and faved his life, by ad.bpdng hini. as his fon. The barbarians pillaged the hoiife, andj after dividing the plunder, fet fife to it. ARTICLE- XXV. Manners and Cuftoms of the. Inhabitants of the Ma*' RiAN, or Ladrone Islands. : WE herd prefetit the reader W'tH a very curious ex- tradfrom Father GoMen's Hiftpryof the Ladrone^ or Marian Iflands, His work was printed at Parisj 1700, in iwto, and contains, for the moft part, un^, ibterefting accounts of the endeavours pf the miflipna- rles tP plant the Cathplic faith in thefe iflands, feme details relating i:p the Spaniards refiding' there, befides many tektlphspf miracles faid to be perfprmed by the priefts ampng thefe Indians^ which, being npw treated in Europe mt\-i the cpnte0i'pt jhofe pious friyds merit, arc quite unnecefTary in a work deftined only to cpnvey ufeful inftrudipns, and npt tP perpetuate fabulpus le gends. As Gobier!% wprk is very little known, and rare to be met with, it has efcaped all our other coj- ledors pf, voyages tP this part pf the glpbe, and this. accpunt, from an eye-witnefs, of what he relates, ap pears in Englifli for the firft time^ " The Marian or Ladrone Iflands have Japan to the north, and New Guinea to the fputh. They are fi-, tuate,d at the extremity pf the Pacifie Ocean, betvvixf ihe- THE LADRONE ISLANDS. 4.1' the Line^' and the TropiC'-ef -Owrfr, fiear four hun- 169(1. dfed leagues from the Philippines. The diftance from '"'^ Gttam, or Gu'abdm, the moft foutherly of thefe iiles, to Vrack^ the ' moft northerly, is about 1 50 leagues. Though fituated within the Torrid Zone, yet the fky here is' aKvays ferene, the air pure and healthy, and the heat is- never exc'efliye. The trees covering the mouncafns are always green, and the valleys everywhere interfeded by' cryftal' ftreams, render thofe iflands a perfed paradife *. Before the Spaniards difcovered thefe iflands, the natives lived in the moft perfed freedom ancj incJepen- dence, fubjeded to fto laws, but every man Uved as it beft pleafed himfelf. Separated from every other na tion by immenfe trads of ocean, and confined to their own limits, they concluded that no other lands exift- ed, and looked upon themfelves as the only inhabi tants on this globe. As they retained no traditionary accounts of their own origin, they followed the me thod of feveral ancient nations, and afferted that the authour of their race was formed of a piece of the rock of Funa, a fmall ifland, lying weft of Guam, and therefore looked upon this rock with a facred dread, as the birth-place of the human race. " Many things, looked ypon by us as abfolutely ne- ceflary to our exiftence, were utterly unknown to thefe Indians. They had no animals of any fort, and would not have had even the leaft' idea of them, had it not been for' the birds, of which they had but one fpecies, fomewhat like the turtle-dove, which they never kill ed for eating, but only tamed them, and taught them to fpeak. They were very rriuch aftonifhed on feeing a h brie, which a Spdnip ca^tam left among them, in the 1673..- They were never tired viewing andadmi- nng him, and the force, beauty, and fpirit of this ex traordinary animal, brought them from all the differ- ' * See the account of the Ifl-and Tinian, in'Mr, Anforfs^ ypy- a Vol. ILL F tr^ 42 |I I g T O R Y 0 F j696.ent iflands to fee him- . They epyld not; ynderftan^ ^'^^hpw he could eat and digeft iron, for they thought tljat the metal of the bit was his food. His long t^il Was the fubjed of univ(3rf*al gqri;iiratipn, and, in pr^er to obtain fome hair? from it, "y^^hjch they highly yar l^ed, they careflfed him, made hint prefents of cpcoa- nuts, to gain iii? friendfliip, and prevail on him tp fvjjf- fer them to pull oj,it fome hairsj without kicking theni, which fpmetimes happened. The Uritaos^ (fo are their young men called, who keep miftrefles, •(yithpvic enga ging in^ the marriage-tip) mafie ufe of thqfe h^irs to adorn the hollow flicks they carry, inftead of thi? pie ces of bark they commonly wove round them, and aq-r cpunted thefe their greateft ornament^. What is moft furprifing in their hiftory, anid muft appear quite incredible, is, that 'fire, an element of fuch univ^rfel tiff, was utterly unknown to them, till Magelldn, ¦provoked by their repeated thefts, burned one of their viflages *, V^hen they faw their ¦vi/'opderi' hoiifes blading, they firft thought the fire .a beaft which fed upon the wpod,' and fome of them, who canie tpo near, ' being burnt, tl^e refl: flood afar pff^, left they' fliould be devoured, or poifpned, by the violent breath ings of this terrible ^nimal. We neji.ther know when, or from whence thefe iflands were firft peopled. Japan lying within fi?^ Of, feve;n days fail, ' has. induced fome to believe that the iVf occupied, ip obferving their enemy's niotions, and en deavouring to dra-vy him into an ambufcade, in which piece of • cunning no people excel them : In fhort, they feem to gp tp war with this fole view, never co ming to adion, if they can paflibly avoid it, pr if they do, it is only to efcape the reproach of returning homq without doing any thing at all *. Being of a timid difpofition, twp or three men fall ing, decides the fortune of the day, the re;^ft difperfing in a moment, with the greateft marks of fear. Pre fently the vanquifhed fend embaflfadours to the coii- queroiirs, with prefents and fubmiflipns, which are received by thefe people, naturally vain, with all thofe marks of contempt alow mind fhows on feeing his e- nemy at his feet. They compofe fatirical poems^ which they recite at their public feafts, and continue to fhow every token of contemipt and infult. The catalogue of their offenfive and defenfivc wea- * This method of making war cprrefponds exacftly with that »{the {kvagesoS^ 'Jmerica and othe/r barbarous nations in' all ages, as we learn from Herodote, Homer, and other ancient:wri- ters, compared -with the Journals of modern travellers. pons THE LADRONE ISLANDS. 49 pons is very fhort. They have neither bows, arrows, i<596. or fwords, but their fole means of offence are ftones ^^"^ and lances. Thefe laft are headed with human bones, to which they give a very fharp point, and the natural poifon of this weapon is fo violent, that if the fmalleft bit of it remains in the wound, death, attended with violent convulfions, tremours, and excruciating pain, infallibly enfues, nor has all their art yet difcovered any remedy againft this fatal poifon *. They throw ftones with fo much force from their flings, that they are often found flicking faft in the trunks of trees. They have no armour of any fort, but truft entirely to their agility in avoiding the blows levelled at them. No nation excells them in diflimulation, and by this the Spaniards were often Outwitted at firft, and the miffionaries began to extol the franknefs and candour of their behaviour, till they became better acquainted with them, when they found all this to be only hypo- crify, and that they could not be too much on their guard with this perfidious nation. (We may venture 'to obferve here, that this part of their charadcr is common to moft uncivilized nations, and is often the effed of the imprudence of the condud of the Euro peans towards them. They generally begin by careflT- ing the favages, and as foon as they find themfelves in a condition not to fear their refentment, they mal treat them frequently without realbn. We fhould, probably, fucceed much better, if we obferved the rules of probiry more ourfelves, in our tranfadions with the Indians.) Revenge is their predominant paflion, and the faci lity and fteadinefs with which they difguife their fenti- ments, almpft exceeds belief. They never return a ¦* We leave to phyficians, firft, the truth or falfity of the faft here aflerted by the miffionai-y. Secondly, the means of ac counting for this extraordinary effeft, fuppofing the faft afcer- tained. Vol.. III. G harflx lo H I S T O R Y O f 1696. harfli woj'd, or .phange a feature of their countenance ^T^ on receiving fhe groffefl: htjury. All lies hid in their breafe, and, with thetjuickeft fenfibiHty of the wrong, the}- appear quite ea'fy and csmpofed. This fpecious ap.pearanre they will p"bferve"fpT.years ip'vip'lated, but when the favourable moment comes, they make t^em- , felves ample amends for this conftrarnt, 'by the black- eft ads of treafop an.d revenge againft their unfufpeft- ing foe. As they never conftrain themfelves on any occafion, except the one above- men tiorted, their in- conftancy ancl fick'lenefs of mind appears every mo ment. This moment they wifli for the thingwith the greateft ardour, which in five minutes. after, they are quite indifferent about. This difpofition makes it very dilBcult for trhe Spaniards to deal with them. They are fond of pleafure and merriment, and be^ ing of a jocofe difpofition, they are always rallying each other, and diverting themfelves. Their fobriety is rather the daughter of neceffity than temperance'. But they meet often together, to regale on fifh, fruit, and a certain liquor, made of rice and gfated cocoas, and then exercifethemfelves in dancing, running, leap ing, and wreftling. They recite the heroic deeds jof therr anceftors, and repeat the works .of their poets, which are full pf fable and extrav^ance. The woriien have alfo their feftivals, to Which they come dreffed with fhells, grains of jet, and bits of tortoife-fhel'ls, which hang over their foreheads, mixed with flowers. They alfo wear girdles of little fhells,.. curioufly inters woven, which they efteem as highly as we do pearls and diamonds. Ttb thefe girdles they generally hang fmall cocoas, very neatly wrought. Their robes on thefe occafions are woven of certain roots, but fo very unfhapely, that they have as grotefque an appearance, as if each woman was inclofed in a cage. When they are met, ten or twelve of them form a circle, Hand' ing upright without mption. In this pofture they be gin to fing the verfes of their beft poets, with ajuft- nefs of voice, harmony, - and cadence, .that would pleafc THE LADRONE ISLANDS, 51 pleafe even in Europe. To mark the cadences more i(>^)(>. perfedly, they ufe little fhells, inftead of our caft^- ^''"^ nets. Thffir long is accompanied with fuch lively and juft adion, that there is no hearing them without being charmed with their melody. Though the men are allowed as many wives as they pleaifc, yet they generally content themfelves with one. Here the women enjo.y that pre-eminence which the men claim every-where elfe. The wife is abfolute miftrcfs, of every thing in the houfe, nor can the huf band difpofe of the fmalleft thing without her permif fion-, and if he proves ungovernable, ill humoured, or irregular in his condud, the wife correds, or even leaves him altogether, for here marriages laft no long er, than the parties think proper. But frona. whatever quarter the firft overture for a fcparatian c-omes, the wife retains all her moveables, her children go along with her, and confider the next hufband fhe takes as their father. Thus it happens,, that often afadier of a family finds himfelf in a moment deprived of wife and children, by the caprice of a foolifla woman* This is not all. Though a man finds his wife unfaith ful to him, he may indeed kill her gallant, but he is not permitted to maltreat his wife, and all his refource is to leave her, and take another. 13 ut if the hwfba-nd is guiky of infidelity, the v/oroan can punifh him fs fhe pleafes. For this purpofe fhe aflembles all the women of the village, who repair to the place, armed with lances, and wearing their hufband's caps on their heads. Thus accoutred, they march llreight tov/ards the houfe of the delinquent, and begin by tearing up the plants, deftroying. his grain, and ruining every thing without doors. They next attack the houfe, and if the hufband has not already fled, they quickly force him to abandon his dwelling- At other times, the wife complains to her friends, and tells them fli-i can no longer live with her hufband. Htr relations aregiad^to have an opportunity of enriching them felves, by plundering the hufband; for they immedi- G 2 ately 52 '-^Q HISTORY OF WY i'696, ately pillage his houfe, arid carry off every thing, arid ¦"^^ the poor man thinks himfelf well ofFj if they do not pul) down his hpufe into the bargain. The abfolute » fpvereignty enjoyed by t'lie women, hiirts the peace of faraiilies, and deters the young men ffotri marriage, who generally keep concubines," whom they buy from their parents for pieces of iron, and tortoife-fhelli Thefe concubines are irt a manner common to all the youth, and often prove the caufe 'of great diforders, -.I ' Thefe iflanders abhor niurder, and, (if we- may cre dit Gebien,) they are never guilty of thefts Thus (fays he) the name of Ladrones was' very improperly given to thefe iflanders by their firft difcoverers, their honpfly being fuch, that they never lofck tip their houfes, nor do they ever find their goods taken away. ."But vit may venture to fay, from the concurrent teftimony of all navigatorfe, that however, honeft they may be to wards each other, their behaviour has juftly gptthem the name of Ladronei from ftrangers. ¦ However they have fometimes fhowed great humanity towards other nations, ais in the cafe of the fliip Conception.^ Wrecked on one of thefe iflands, 'whpfc crew Was treated by the Indians with every circumftahce of pity and telief, f-;" Before they faw veflTels from;^difiererit parts of Eu^ rope, they believed thsmfelves' the only natibn in the wprld. They are now convinced* of their miftake irt this particular, 'but as they are naturally vain, they have -^dbpted a fyftemithat^flatfers their prevaihng paffion extremely. They affert that the firft than waS formed in Guam.; and i being tranfpotted to~Funa, was there changed into a rock, put'of Which were produ ced the prefent irihabitants of the globe." That foriic of thefe being fent to people Spain, Holland', arid other countries, foon iforgbt their maternal language and cuftoms ; and' hence (fay they) we find, that thofe who come to us from thefe regions cannot underftand us, butfpeak a barbarous jai-gon like idiots. ' " Yr '>i'i*f However ignorant they are, they do not believe the. world to be eternal, but have a number of fables covi- ¦':¦¦ ' ' ' --cerning THE LADRONE (ISLANDS. 5$ cerning the beginning of things, recprded by their i<596. poets, and thefe verfes are fung in the feftivals. Be- ^"""^ fore their intercourfe with the Chriftians, they had no notion of a Deity, or any religious worfhip, npr had they any temple, prieft, or fprm pf worfliip. But they put great truft in their Macanas, pr foothfayers, who pretended to invocate the Anitis, or fpuls of their anceftors, whofe fkulls they preferved, and by their help, pretended to foretell events to come, to com mand the fealbns, to reftore the fick to health, and procure fuccefs in their fifhings and agriculture. With -all this, they pay very little attention to thefe fkulls, but^allow them to lie carelefsly about the houfe, lock ed up in wicker- bafkcts, which they never open, un lefs fbme fool comes to confult them. When a fick perfon comes to be near his end, they place one of thefe bafkets near his head, to receive his foul, and they befcech the fpirit to accept of this bafket as his conftant habitation, or at leaft to lodge in it, when he returns to vifit them. This, however, evinces their beliefof the immortafityof the foul, as well as another they have, of carrying about the embalmed corpfe of their parents, to the houfe of all his relations, that the fpirit may chufe among them a habitation for itfelf . They have alfo fome irregylar notions of a hell and a heaven. They call the former Zarraraguan, or the houfe of Cayfi, that is, the Devil, who keeps a vaft furnace conftantly red hot, in which he inclofes- de parted fpirits.. Their paradife is a region under the earth filled with delicious cocoa-trees, fugar-canes, and other fruits. But it is not their good or bad adions which condud them tP either pf thefe places. Virtue and vice are here entirely put of the queftipn. AH de pends on the caufe of their death. If any one dies a natural death, he gpes ftreight to paradife, where he enjoys every kind of happinefs. But thofe who fall in battle, or are murdered, areimmediately fhut up, and tormented in hell. And hence their ftrpng averiion to yi^ar and bloodfhed. They believe* that ghofts often appear 54 - >' ' HJ STORY OP 1696W ipjiaar ort earth, and maltreat «b© living. 'Bence ^'^^ t&ly often complain of being! beat dnd inj,ared by them. Then they hmi refiourfa to theit anitis^ not to *fk. favours, bttfconly to prevail on thetn not totpr- jfnefit them, or fend 6hem bad dreams-, ia which they have an, iiilpli( it ifaitlk.and' confidence. There is So nation- mcH-e naturally eloquent, or naofte ammated in their air and -geftures. Nothing can be iia»aginsd more ipf the company pour forth kmentMions in the moft feeling expreflions. One hgips„ My life is now of no aivail, Bitternefs and mifery are my portipn. My fun is fet for ever, my moon is darkened. And the ftar that guided me has difappeared. Another anfwers, Akis ! I have Ipft my all. No more fliall 1 behold What made the joy of my heart. I wander in thick darknefs, and am plunged Into the bitter ocean of tears. . ' Hpw THE LADRONE ISLANDS. ys How is the valour of our warriors departed ! 1696. How is the glory of our nation become dim ! What will become of us, a miferablc race ! Such ate their complaints, which are often continu ed day and night for a long while, in proportion tp the Ipve and efteem they had for the deceafed. NOTE of the Longitude and Latitude of thefe Iflands. Magellan, whci firft difcpvered thefe iflands, called them Lodrones. Miguel Lopez de Legafpl, in his coarfe from Mexico to the Philippines, firft took pof- feflion of them for the crown of Spain, anno 1563, and called them De las Velas, from the nnmber of barks he faw under fail hereabouts, They were af terwards called Marians, in honour of Mary-Anne of Auflria, confort to Philip IV. They confift of four teen iflands, lying nearly in a line from fouth to north, in the diredion of the i6i meridian, a proof that they are the fummits of a large chain of moun tains under water. The wideft canal lies betwixt Saypan and Annataian, Nine of the /ourteeji to the north of this canal, are diftinguifhed by the general name of Gani. They are alfo called de los Volcanss, on account of three flaming mountains., two in the ifle of Pagon, and a third in Jlffonfon. The whole four teen lie between the 13th and 21ft degree of north la titude. Here follows an account of the fize of the fe veral iflands, with the dimenfions of each, and their latitude. O-Y-O Gttam, 5^ 1699. BEAUCHESNETGOUINi Guam, ¦ of Si. Jcfhn^ Zarpane, or Rota, - Aguiguan, - Tinian, or Buena Vifla, Saypan, or 5/. Jofeph.^ Anatayan, or 5/. Joachim, - SarigaH, or St. Charles^ Guguan, or St. Philip, Alamagan, or Conception, Pagon, or St. Ignatius^ • Agrigan, or 5/. Xavier, - .Affonfon, or Ajjumption, Maug, Tunas, St. Lawrertce, 7 Thefe, are three tpcks, ~S Urack, pr Vrack, a defert ifle. Circuit. Lat. I Leagues. Deg. Min.j 40 r n 25 15 14 0 .3 H 43- 15 >4 50 25 15 20 10 17- 20 4 17 35 3 6- 1718 , 45' ,10 U 16 19 19 3o~ 4 6 26 15 3 20 35; .4 - 20 .'55 ^fi ARTICLE XXVL BEAtrcHESNE-GOUIN, LANiCA. TP MAGEL- 1696. This is an extrad frpm the jpurnal pf the-Sieiir de ViU ^^''^ lef art, Enfign on bpard the Philippeaiix. It was fpund in the library pf the celebrated geographer William de L'ifle, and was, by his brother^ given to the Editor pf the Voyages aux Terres Auflrales, who inferred it in his wprk, and frpm hence we have tranflated it intp Englip. We are told by the for mer editor, that the original journal contains very minute accounts of the winds, anchprings', depths, currents, and ppfrtions pf the cpafts, but rarely marks the latitudes, and never the Ipngitudes, not the variations of the needle. My TO MAGELLANICA. 57 ^Y firft defiinatipn was to ferve as Garde Marin i<^99' in the fquadron commanded by Mr. de Gennes ; ^^^^ but fome aecidehts removed, me to the poft of Enfign in Mr. Beaucheftie's. veffel, who commanded four fhips deftined for the Straits of Magellan. We failed from the Pertuis d'Antioch, December 17, 1698. The 9th of June in the year following, thinking we were in Port Defire, we found we had overfliot it, and there fore we came to an anchor in Spiring's bay. At this time we faw none of our fquadron', except the Mau- repas. Captain TerviHe, I accompanied Mr. de Beauchefne when he went to examine the country. We gpt upon the fandy hills, and found a place where the Indians had been drefT- ing fhell-fifh. Half a league further, we faw a hollow, and three little ponds in it. We advanced 3 leagues further into the country, which appeared quite defti- t;;utebf, wood and water, except in one place. We foimd the dung of horfes, oxen, and fheep, but faw no large animal but an eagle. We alfo faw footfteps which appeared as newly made, acrofs fome large plains-, where the ground was ftony, and not eafy to .walk over. Further on, we met with birds of feveral kinds, and killed a fea-lion, larger and heavier than a horfe. He yielded a great quantity of 'oil, and had in his ftomach fome ftones as big as one's fift, and yet they were begun to be digefted. We alfo killed of thefe animals, which were no larger than iheep. At the bottom of the bay, towards the fouth, there is a good haven. Two leagues within land here, we found feme wood which had been burned, and fome lakes of water, which, were fait, though at this diftance from the fea. June 13th, We walked 8 or 9 leagues to the north ward, over hills and plains, covered with fnow^ with out finding either wood or water, but we faw four of- . triches, .and as many deer. We wanted to find out Port Defire, but being very much fatigued,, we gave ever feeking it, though we judged it lay not far Vol.111. H from 58 BEAUCHESNE-GOUIN, is 1^9' from us. We were obliged to quench our thirft by ^^''^ fwaitewing fnow, and fucking pieces of ice. After paffing a very bad night round a fi^c made of thorns, we returned to the fhip. The other p'a'rty, marching fout'h, found frefh water and wood, 3 or 4 leagues from the Bay. We got under fail, and, on the 24th, doubled Cape Virgin, and, the fotlovi^ing days, we faw the fires of the favages, on both "fides the Strait of Magellan. After touchiTvg at Port BoueaMt, and the ifle of Pen guins, we came to an anchor in Ptrt Famine, July 3d, ' in 25 fathoms water. Though- it was now the middle of winter, yet the cold was not? extreme, the trees- were green, and their branches full of parrots. As v.'e had feen, the three preceding days, great fmokes made by the favages on the Terra del Fuego, 3eauSifii( fent the fliallop thither, well manned and awiied. On our making fignals of frieodsihip, they j>ermitted us to approach without difficulty. We found about -40 me-ft and women, of whom we brought on board three, atfd thefe we had well warmed, for they appe^edi ftiff with cold *. As -they live entirely on raw flefh, fea- lions, and fliell-fifh, they could not eat our food; e- fpecially the bread. The next day I carried them back. During our pafl'age acrofs the Strait, which is here five leagues wide, one of my crew feU overboard, a-nd was drowned. On this accident the favages began to- howl and cry, nor did they cedfe yelling, till they were' fet afhore. 1 paflTed the night by a large fire, keeping a good watch, as I diftrufted the favages, three o.f whom- went alfo cm board of Mr. Terville\ fhip, Augufl; 16, we anchored in Port FranpoiSy to the fouth of the file Savonres, in '20 fathoms water. Here abouts are feveral little ifles, wh(^re there is good fltel- ttr againft all winds, and v/here flitps may even- Ca- * This does nat correfpbnd with the accounts of otberttavi- gators, who reprefent'the Palagohians as remarkably hardy, ami ' going aimoft naked in the cold.elf weather. reen. TO MAGELLANICA. 5 f\al of St. Jerome, to Cape de Gatte. They feldom go fo far as to the entry into the South Sea, Their laft- goage is not difficult, hut they fpeakV^ch in the throat *, ' ,On the 4th of February, 1700, we had fight of the ifland Soccorro, which- was the rendezvous appoint* ed fpr our confort, now feparated from us. This ifla lies 4 or 5 leagues from the continent, and is near as many in length. The coaft is fafe, the lands flat, or making gentle rifings, with much -vvood upon them. Our boat brought us from fhore fome wild peas, which we found to be very good. Not meeting our. confort here, we failed for Baldivia, and there found her. But we were greatly furprifed, when they told us, that ha ying come to an anchor within the forts, fome of their officers went to wait on the governour, who, told them he would come on board the fhip next day. But wbUe they were bufy preparing for his reception, all of a fudden, the four forts beg^p tp cannonade the French veflTeL They had nothing for it bvit to cut their ca bles as faft as poffible, and, leaving two anchors be hind them, got out to fea, , In doing this, they were obliged to pafs under the forts, who fired above 500 fhot at them, by which they fuffered much in their rigging, had fome men kUled, and th^ir captain wounded, ,- ¦ * The Patagonians who inhabit the fouth fliore, (fays Acofia, lib. iii. c, 13.) arelittle and mifchievous. Thofe on the north are large-bodied, and warlike. Some of them were brought in to Spain. N.. B. This is the only account of Patagoniarts having been e- ver brought to Europe, and we' even doubt the faft, for reafolis to be affigned in the courfe of this work. ¦' ^ We TO MAGELLANICA, 63. We were in great wantof refrefhments at this titnei, 1700. and if we could not have them by fair means, we were '^"'^ determined to take them by force, in fpite of our or ders not to commit hoftilities, or to return by the Eaji- Indies, but to come back by the Straits of Magellan. But we were delivered out of this dilemma by the in habitants of Arica, who furnifhed us with provifions, and thefe we obtained chiefly by naeans of Ibme French we found fettled there. We found one of our coun trymen in a little village, oppofite to the ifle of Guam, who helped greatly to diffipate the fears of the people on the coaft, who were alarmed at feeing our two fhips. The Indians of this ifland, make ufe of boats of a very fingular conftrudion, called by them B.alzas. They are formed of two pipes of leather, ten feet long each, made of the fkin of the fea-lion, with their ends turn ed up. They carry thefe to the fhore, folded up, and before they put them into the water, they fill them with wind, by means of a fmall gut fixed to the end of the pipe. Then tying the two large pipes together, riiey fix other fkins acrofs tliem, well fattened, and thefe ferve them for putting the goods and paflengers upon *. After 3 or 4 months ftay on the coaft of Chili and Peru, we fet fail for the G/illapagos Iflands, lying under the Line, and fo called from the multitude of fea and land-torcoifes found there. There are about 22 of thefe iflands. We got to them on the 7th of June, and immediately the fhip's provifions were locked up, and the crew were ferved with tortoifes and fifh, which were- in plenty. But we found neither frefh water nor trees, excepting a few mangroves, near the fliore. The foil of thefe iflands (if we may call it fo, for there is little but a calcined rock) is divided by precipices, * There is another larger kind of halza, or raft, made of wood, ufed on the coafts ai Peru. This curious machine is ac- euratly defcribed by UUoa, vol. ii. p. 189. Eriglijh edit, to which we refer the reader, as the book is in every body's hands, and §4 ' BEAiJCHESNE-GOUIN, ^^o?- and has the appearance of black metal turned upfide dpwni by fubtefranean fires. It trembles all round. when one walks upon it. O up fhallop found a pretty harbpur^ lying on the weft of the iflandj fliut in~by a fmall ifland. We faw here the wreck pf a fhip, and this made, us conjeflnre it to be To baco lHand, where the Englifh freebooter^ ufed to come and careen their fhips fome years agp, . " Health Ifland, {Ifle de Sant'e) lies 20 leagues frpm the former. We anchored here the loth, and found it quite dry and barren^ with only a few green trees near the fhore. Here are no fea-toftoifesj but many land ones. Abput a league frpm the bay tP the ,N. W. I fourid'a fmall fpritig of frefli watery which difappeared at the diftance of 40 paces from the fourCe. Here we diverted, ourfelves killing pigeons^ which are fb numerous and tame, that we knocked them dpwn with- cudgels. We next vifited the Ifland Mafi-anm in i degree, 12 minutes latitude, fouth^ but found it no- better than the reft; Near it we faw fome Urge. whales, which furprifed Us greatly, nO body expefting to $nd any fo near the Linei * • . July 7th, we fet fail, in order to return to Europei The currents carried us fo far to feaward, -that we did nPt fee fand for eight daySj after our reckonings, told us that we were near it. Our water began to fail, and the crew was ferved very fparingly. But we con trived a method to make it laft longer; and that wasv by placing a barrel always pn deck, and allpwing eve ry man to. drink \yhen he Would, but with a fmall cup:' Thisj we found to be the beft method of hufbanding- our ftore. At laft^ with much difficulty, we. gOt wa ter on the coafts of Peru, whence the currents had. driven us near 300 leagues. The Spanifh governours^ . alfo, fhowed themfelves very unwilling to alfift us, al- ledging the orders of the viceroyj and fometimes even threatning hofiilities. We underftood this language. perfedly well, and a few prefents obviated all difiicql- ties. However, the governours were very glad, when- ^ they TO MAGELLANICA. 65 they faw us depart for the Strait of Magellan, though 1696. the inhabitants regretted it much, as we traded daily "-^"^ with them, by which both we and they were great gainers, ijome of them were indeed imprifoned by the government, but this did not frighten the others from coming to us. Our defign (as I have faid) was to return by the Strait of Magellan ; but having taken on obfervation, January 10th, 1701, we found ourfelves paft the mouth of the Straits, in latitude 53 degrees, 30 mi nutes ; and therefore we reiblved to go round Cape Horn, and by the Straits of Z,i? Maire, January 13th, we were in latitude 57 degrees, 17 minutes, with fine eafy weather, and the fea as fmooth, as a looking^glafs. By this we conjedtured we were covered by fome land, though we faw none, nor even the day after, though the weather was very clear. We judged ourfelves fliot beyond Staten-land, and yet, by our latitude, we were .not paft Cape Horn, which the charts place in latitude p,"] degrees 50 minutes-, and it appears we were got .beyond it ; for, without feeing land, we found ourfelves in the North Sea, by this foutherly courfe. We continued now to advance to wards the north, and, on the 19th, difcovered an ifland not marked in the charts. It lies in latitude 52 de grees, 50 minutes, about 60 leagues eaft of Terra del Fuego. We called it Beauchefne. It is moderately high, and may be five or fix leagues round. On founding, we found 80 fathoms fand, with white fhells. The illands of Sebald de IVert appeared the day after, and v;e anchored in latitude 51 dcgreejs, 32 minutes on the eaft„ in 24 fathoms water. Here we found frefh water, celery, geefe, and other fowls, but no wood, which we wantedmoft of all. We found, in our return from thofe ifles to the coafts of Brazil, that the currents run much to the north ; for,, between S^^tf/i de Wert and Cape Frio, our pilots erred near 200 leagues. The Portuguefe at Riode. Ja- . nuro received us civilly, and at Ilha- Grande vie Vol. III. I foun^ 66 WILLIAM DAMPIER, 1.6519, found one pf the little veflfeTs pf pur fquadron,- which ^"^^ had not been able to follow us. The other was loft on the coaft of Brittany. We failed again May 1 2, and. entered Rochelle hafbbur Auguft 6th, 1701, having been out 32 months. ARTICLE XXVIL WILLIAM DAMI^IER's laft Voyage to, AiiStrAlasia. THE reputation of his voyage round the world,, recommended oui" author tO the favour of the| moft ingenious perfons, and to thegreateft encouragers of public-fpirited undertakings that the age producedj and, amongft thefe, to the Right Honourable ST^owi?/ Herbert, Rati of Pembroke, who moft worthily dif- eharged the bfEce of Lord High Admiral, in the reign of King William 111. to whon) our author applied himfelf for favour and proteftion, as Well as for his countenance in the defign he had formed for profecu- i;irtg thofe difeoveries, which his laft voyage had given him hopes might be done with effcdl. It is weU e- nOugh known, that propofitions of this kind are very rarely agreeable to great minifters ; which is fometimes owing perhaps to their being very indifferent judges of fuch matters. It was the good-fortune of Captain Dampier to a,ddrefs himfelf to a patron, of quite ano ther kind, who liftened to his offers with ajiift degree otf attention, encouraged him in that laudable ambi tion, which prompted him to expole himfelf in fo no- ,,ble a ddfign, and furnifhed him with means for under taking that voyage, which he had fo long meditated for the public advantage. ' This, therefore. Ought to be confidered as a fupplemental voyage to' the laft j and, indeed, in this light the author feems to have I- confidered TO AUSTRALASIA. 67 confidered it,- by his frequent references frpm this tP i^99« that. ^-^ I failed, fays he, from the Downs, January 14th, J698-9, with a fair wind, in his Majefty's fhip the Roebuck, carrying in this voyage twelve guns, fifty men and boys, and twenty mpnths provifion- We took our departure from the Start, which was the laft land we faw in England, as the firft we faw, after we were out of the channel, was Cape Finifierre, which we made on the 19th ; and, on the 2.8th, made Lancerotd, one of the Canary Iflands. We then ffoodaway for the ifland of Teneriff, where I intended to take in wine and brandy for my voyage. January 30th, I anchor ed in the rpad pf Santa Cr^iz, the fitteft port in the ifland for my purpofe. The road before this place is but very incliflerent, lying fo open to the eaft, that winds from that quarter make a great fwell, and ren-;' der it very dangerous going afhore in boats. The beft landing is in a fmall fandy cove, about a mile to the north-eaft of the road, where there is very geod wa ter; infomuch that fliips which take in their lading at Oratavia, which is the principal part of the ifland for trade, fend their boats thither for water. That port, however, is rather more expofed to wefterly, than this to eafterly winds, which was, the reafon I de clined it. There are between this watering-place and Santa Cruz two- fmall ports, which, with feveral batr teries, ferve to command the road, andfecure the place from being infulted by privateers. The time I .ftaid here gave me all the neceffary opportunities for confi dering the place, its inhabitants, and the country ad jacent ; and therefore enabled me to form fuch a de- fcription of them, as may fatisfy the reader's curiofity, and give him a tolerable idea of an ifland fb often mentioned by navigators, on account of the placing here the firft meridian, from which the degrees of longitude in our maps are generally reckoned; This town of Santa Cruz is a fmaU town, without any wall about it, .and defended only by.two forts. It I 2 was 68 WILLIAM -DAMPIER, 1699. was here that our' famous Admiral Blake deRroyed the ^""^^ Spanifi galltons, April 20th, 1657, and the wrecks ¦of fome of them are ftfll lying there in- fifteen fathoms water. Soon after my arrival, I went by land to the city of Laguna, the metropolis of this ifle, and the refidence of the prefent goveriioUr- general of the Ca nary Iflands, whofe name is^ Don Pedro de Ponto, a na tive pf this ifland, and not long ago Prefident of Pana ma, in the South Seas ; a very worthy man, ftriftly jilft, and very kind to ftrangers. The city of Laguna is of a tolerable fize, and very compadt, making a ve ry agreeable profpeA at a diftancei It ftands part of it againft an hill, and part in a level. The houfes have moftly ftrong walls, built with ftone, and cover ed with pantile : They are not uniform ; yet they ap pear pleafant enough.- There are many fair buildings, among which are two parifli churches, two nunneries, an hofpital, four convents, -and fome chapels, befides many gentlemens houfes. The convents are thefe of St, Auflin^ St. Dominic, St. Francis, and St. Diego. The two churches haye pretty high fquare fteeples, which top the reft of the buildings : The ftreets arc not regular; yet they are moftly fpacious, and pretty handfome ; andji near the middle of the town^ there is a large parade, which has gppd building about it. There is a ftrong prifon on one fide of it, near which is a large conduit of good water, that fupplies the whole town. They have many gardens, which are fet round with oranges, limes, and other fruits,; in the middle of which are hot herbs, fallading-flowers, &c. and, indeed, if the inhabitants were carious this way, they might have very pleafant gardens ; for, as the tpwn ftands high from the fea, on the brow of a plain that is all open to the eaft, and hath, confequendy, the benefit of the true trade-wind which blows here^- and. is moft commonly fair, there are feldom wanting, at this town, brifk, cooling, and refrefliing breezes all the day. On the back of the town there is a large plain, of three or four leagues in length, and two miles TO AUSTRALASIA, 6g miles broad, producing a thick kindly fort of grafs, '699, which looked green, and very pleafant, when I was ^"""^ there, like our meadows in England in the fpring. On the eaft fide of this plain, very near the back of the town, there is a natural lake or pond of frefh water. It is about half a mile in circumference ; but, being ftagnant, it is only ufed for cattle to drink. In the winter, feveral forts of wild-fowl refort hither, afford ing plenty of game to the inhabitants of Laguna : This city is called Laguna from hence ; for thatwoM, in Spanijh, fignifies a lake or pond. The plain is bounded on the weft, the north-weft, and the fouth- weft, with high fteep hills, as high above this plain as this is above the fea ; and it is from the foot of one of thefe mountains that the water of the conduit, which fupplies the town, is conveyed over the plain in troughs of ftone, raifed upon pillars ; and indeed, con fidering the fituation of the town, its large profpedl to the eaft, (for from hence you fea the grand Canary) its gardens, cool arbours, pleafant plains, green fields, the pond and aquedud:, and its refrefhing breezes, it is a very delightful dwelling, efpecially for fuch as have not bufinefs that calls them far and often from hence ; for, the ifland being generaUy mountainous, fteep, and craggy, full pf rifings and fallings, it is very trou- blefome travelling up and down in it, unlefs in the cool of the mornings and evenings ; and mules and affes are moft ufed by them, both for riding and car riage^ as fitteft for the ftony uneven roads. Beyond the mountains, on the fouth-weft fide, ftill farther up, you may fee from the town and plain a fmall peeked hill pverlooking the reft ; this is that which is called the Pike of Teneriff, fo much noted for its height ; but we faw it here at fo great a difadvantage, by reafon of the nearnefs of the adjacent mountain's to us, that it looked inconfiderable in refpedl to its fame. The true malmfey wine is produced in this ifland, and is efteem- ed the beft white wine in the world. Here i» alfo Canary wine, and Verdona, or green wine. The Ca nary 7,o WILLIAM DAMPIER, 1^9. narygtows chiefly on the weft fide of tjhe iflaiid, and "^^^ therefore is commonly feint t© Oratavia, whicfi, being the chief fea -port for trade iin .the ifland, .the principal Englifl) merchants .refide ther^, Wjtii cheir conful, be-* caiife we have a great trade for this wine. I was told, jchat that town is bigger than Lagma ; that it has but one church, but many convents; that the port is but oidinary at beft, and is very bad when the nprrh-.weft wifids blow, Thefe nprch-weft winds give notice pf their coming, by a ^eat fea that tumbles ia on the fliore fsur fome time before they come, and by a black ifky in the north-^weift. Upon thefe figns fliips either ^et up their anchors, or flip their cableS) and put to fea, afld ply off and on till the weather is over : Some^ times they are forced to dofb two or three times be fore they can take in their lading, which -it is hard to do ^h&ee in the faireft weather ; and for frefh water the.y fend, ^si have^faid, to Santa. Grut. Vendonaas greeny ftrong-bodied wine, sharflier .and fharper than Canary. It is not fomuch efteeiued in Ewope, but is expout- cd to the Wfifl-lndies, and will keep hp,^\n hot coun tries; for which reafon LtQuched here, to take in fome of it for my voyage : This fort of wine is made.cbi^y on the e^ft fide of the ifland, .and fhipped..off at Santa Crnz. We failed 'frpm Santa Cruz, Febr^aaIiy 4«h, towatda the^ilie of Mayo, pne of 'the 'Gape V^^diQands. The 9th, ibeing in the latitude of 1 5 degrees 4 minutes, we peered a-way weft nprth-weft (for the f^d ifle, Wfhere we anchored the nth in the road, which is die leeward partof the liUe, in foucteen fathoms water, clean ^faiid, and the water fmppth. The ifle of May is Foundifh, feven leagues in circuit, in 15 degrees, north latit^e. On the weft fideof it, where theroad for fhips is, there is a large fandy bay, within which is a fpacious falc-pond: Thpfe whp come hither tP lade fait, takeitupas it kerns, andlay itup in heaps. The Englijh have a confiderable trade hpce in fait, which cofts nothing but the labour to tak&it out, and wheeling TO AUSTRALASIA. y* - wheeling it from the pond ; and the carriage thence 101699. the Frape-Boati as the feaiticn call it, (by which it is. ^"'^^ conveyed aboard the fliips) being performed by mules, is very cheap. For the relf, the foil of it is generally barren,. the ground being fand, or loofe ftone, without any frefh-water rivers or ponds, except one fpring in the centre of the ifle, running through a Valky^ where the inhabitants have three fmall towns, Pinofe, St. John's, and Lagoa. The inhabitants are Negroes by defcent, and refemble thofe of Africa. As they are fubjedts of Portugal, fo they follow their religion, but have priefts and a governour of their own nation. Their fruits arp chiefly figs, and water-melons ; their beft land-animals goats and afies; The fea affords them dolphins, bonettoes, mullets, friappers, filver-fiflr,, gar-fifh, and green tortoifes, during the wet feafon in May» Jiine, July, and Auguft, which is their time pf laying. It may feem fomewhat ftrange, that not turtle only, but all forts of amphibious creatures, lay their eggs, not in the dry, but wet feafon, which One would imagine might deftroy them. To account for this, however, with fome degree of probability, we ought tP cpnfider, that thefe animals all lay their eggs very deep ; fo that the rain, being drank up by the fand over them, not only never reaches fo as to fpoil them, but checks alfo the rifing heat ; and, by keep ing it down, anfwers all the intentions of a ftove, or hot- bed, February 19th, -we failed from hence to St. lago, fix leagues to the weft ; and, the next day, anchored near St. lago town, lying on the fouth-weft fkJe of the ifle, in 1 6 degrees north latitude, the refidence of the Por~ tugu&fe governour, and of the B;ilho.p of all the Cape Verd f flands. This town ftands fcattering againft the fides of two mountains, between which there is a great valley, which is about 200 yards wide. Againft the fea there is a ftraggling ftreet, houfes on =each fide, and a run pf water in the bpttom, which empties itfelf into a fine fmaU cpve, or fandy bay, where the fea i.s cpmmonly 72 WILLIAM DAMPIER, 1699. commonly very fmooth ; fo that here is gopd watering '¦'^^ and igppd landing at any time, thpugh the rpad be rocky, and bad fpr Ihips : Juft by the landing-plape there is a fmall fort, aimoft level with the fea, where- is alway.si a corps-de-garde kept pn the itop of an hill : Abpve the tPwn there is anpther fprt, which, by the wall that is to be feen from the road, feems to be a large place : They have cannon mpunted there ; but "^ hpw many I know not, neither what ufe that fort can be of, except it be for falutes. - The tpwn may confift- of 2 or 300 houfes, all built of rough ftone, having alfo one convent, and one church. The people in ge-. neral are black, or at leaft of a mixed colour, except only fome few of the better fort, viz, the gpvernpur, the bifhop, fome of the gentlem.en, and fome of the padres ; for fome of thefe are black. The people a- hout Praya are thievifli ; but thofe of S/. lago tpwn, living under their governour's eye, are more orderly^ though generally poor, having but little trade ; yet, befides chance of fhips of other nations, there come hi^ ther a Pertuguefe fhip pr twp every year, in their way to Brazil. Thefe vend among them a few European commodities, and take off their principal manufac^ tures, w'z. ftriped cotton, which they carry withtheni to Brazil. Another fhip alfo comes hither frpm Por-f tugal fpr fugar, their other manwfaflure, and returns V'ith it direSly thither ; For it is reported, that there are feveral fmall fugar-works on this , ifland, from which they fend home near 100 tons every year ; And they have plenty of cotton growing up in the country, wherewith they clothe themfelves, and fend alfo 1 a deal to Brafil. They have vines, of the frjiit of which they make fome wine ; but the European fhips furnifh them with better, though they drink but little of any. Their chief fruits are (befides plantains in abundance) ©ranges, lemons, citrons, melons, (both mufk and water-melons) limes, .guavas, pomgranates, quinces, cuftard-apples, 4iod papahs, &c. The cuftard-apple (as we call it) is a fruif as big as a pomegranate, and much to AUSTRALASIA. 73 much of the fame colour: The outfide huflc-fliell, or 1699. rind, is, for fubftance and thicknefs, between the ^¦'"'^ fhell of a pomegranate and the peel of a Seville orange, fofter than this, yet mote bitter than that. The coat or covering is alfo remarkable, in that it is befct round with fmall regular knobs, or rifings ; and the infide of the fruit is full of a white foft pulp, fweet, and very pleafant, and moft refembling a cuftard of any' thing, both in colour and tafte; from whence, proba bly, it is called a Cuflard-apple by our Engli[h : It has, in the middle, a few fmall black ftones or kernels, but no core ; for it is aU pulp : The tree that bears this fruit is about the bignefs of a quince-tree^ with long, fmall, and thick-fet branches fpread much abroad : At the extremity of here-and there one of which. The fruit grows upon a ftalk of its own, about nine or ten inches long, flender, and tough, and hanging down with its own weight. A large tree of this ibrt bears vifually twenty or thirty apples, very feldom more. This fruit grows in moft countries within the tropics j I have feen .of them (though I omitted the defcription of them before) all over the Wefl-Indies-, both conti nent and iflands, a% alfo in Brafil, and in the Eafl- In dies. The papah too is found in all thefe countries,' though 1 have not hitherto defcribed it: It is a fruit about the bignefs of a muflc-melon, hoflow as it is, and much refembhng it in fhape and colour, both out fide and infide ; only ir> the middle, inftead of flat kernels, which the melons have, thefe have an handful of blackifli feeds, about the bignefs of pepper-corns, whofe tafte is alfo hot on the tongue, fomewhat like pepper. The fruit itfelf is fweet, fofc,*and lufcious, when ripe-, but-, whilegreen, is hard and unfavoury; though, even then, being boiled, and eaten with fait pork or beef, it ferves inftead of turneps, and is as much efteemed. The papah-tree is about ten or twelve feet high ; the body, near the grovrnd, maybe -4, foot and an half, or two feet diameter, and it grows up taper to the top : It has no branches at all, but only Vol. IlL K large 74 WILLIAM DAMPIER. 1 699. large leaves growing iJpoh ftalks, w)-hieh proceed out of thfe body : The leav*^^ are of a {•oWghifll forftii and jagged afeont thfe edge!s^ having ihei'r ftalks, or ftu'mps, lon'ger or Ihdrter, as they 'gro\)7 iiearef to or furth'fer f^Om the t'Op. They begin to iprihg fVafti olit of 'th>e btidy Of the tree iat about fix Or f^veh Ifett high from the groiliid, the trunk being bare beto*^ ; but, labo"0e that, the leaVfes grOW thicker and larger till to wards its top, where they are clofe dhd bi'oad. The fruit gro"ws Only among tht leaves, and thickeft amOng the thickeft of them ; infomuch that, towards the top 'of the free, the papahs ^ring forth from its body; aS thick as they can ftick one by another ; but then, lower down, V/lWre the leaves are thinner, the fruit is larger, and of the fii:e I have defcribed ; a'iid at the topv where they are thick; they are but fmall, and no big- iger than ordinaVy turneps, yet tafted like the reft. As to the land-aniAials-, fo'ttrlfe and fifh, there is nothing I can fay about them thkt ought to detain the reader ; and thfe'refore I will proceed in my voyage, after re- tokrkjng, that the road of St. Idgb is fo bad, thatt, in my life, Lthin'k I -never faw one 'wOrfe, We failed from St. Idgo, February 2 2d, and my in tention Was to hav^e gorte to Fernatnhucii, and froiii thence dii^eft'ly to the coaft Of New Guinea ', and this, out of p^re cbmpyffldn tp my fhip's company, '^h'o were but very young feamen, there being only two in the fliip that had ever paffed the Line, aiid thofe two were none Of the oldeft. They, therefore, grew very iin'eary ; taHced much of returning to England; and, at laft, gave me fo frWc^h difquief, that 1 began tO ddubt PernambttCa Was no fit place for me tO truft: myfelf in, becaufe, as -the fhip 'muft ride tvi^o oi* three leagues from the town, and not under the command of any fort, they might eafily, in cafe of my going on (hare, 'haVe cut or flipt their cables, and have run away with .the ftiip. After mature dfehberation, therefore, I al tered my courfe, and ftood away for the bay Of All Sainis, and arrived before the place on Maircb 25th, and TO AUSTRALASIA. 75 and anchored in the port very fafely. Bakia de todos las 1699. Santos, as the Portuguefe call it, pr, The B fonie intaking in their goods, others in careening an4 making themfelves ready. The Ihips ithat coine hither .com monly careen at their firft coming, here being a hulk belonging to the king for that putpofe. This hulk is under the charge of the fuperintendant I ffoke of» wiilo has a certain furn of money for every fhip that careeos . by her. He alfo provides firiixg, and other neeefi&iks for that purpofe ; and the fliips Commonly hire of the merchants here each two cables to moor by, all the time they lie here, and fo fave their own hemperi ca bles ; for thefe are made of a fort of vegetable ftring, Ipringing from the top of a tree, and in its fubftance refembling hair, which is very ftrOng and l3diliiiig. There is a: great trade carried on: here of diffeneot kinds, to AUSTRALASIA. 79 kinds , but particularly a fort of whale-fifliing. Thofe i<599. whales are but fmall ; but, as they come in great ^""^ numbers, the killing of them turns to good account, as may appear from the profit arifing by the royal li cences, which bring thirty thoufand dollars annually to the King of Portugal, The inhabitants of this city are, generally fpeaking, rich ; or, at leall:, in very good circumftances ; fo that few or none of them want their Negro-flaves for all domellic ufes, by whom alfo they are caiTied, when they go abroad, in a kind of hammocks, where they lie or fit at their eafe, either covered with a curtain, or expofed, as they think pro per. Befides this port, or bay of All Saints, there are two harbours much frequented in Brafil, viz. P^ernam- buca, or Fernambuca, and Rio Janeiro ; and, befides ihefe, there is a town and haven called St. Paul's, near which they gather much gold; but the people are faid to be a fort of banditti, without laws, order, or go vernment : But, however, as they have a great deal of money, they are very well furnifhed with European commodities. Indeed money is every-where plenty • in this country fince the difcovery of the gold-mines ; which muft inc-reafe the regret of the Dutch, who were once mafters of the beft part of Brafil. The country about the city of Bahia Jetodos hs San tos is fla-t, neither very high, nor exceffive low, fufii- crently watered with rivers and rivulets. The foil is, generally fpeaking, pretty good ; and when cultivat ed, "produces, befidfes other vegetables, fugar-canes, cotton, indico, tobacco, maize, and fruit-trees ; as al fo ifbme other trees peculiar to this country ; as the fapiera, vermiacico, comafteric, gritteba, ferric, three forts of mangrove-trees, and as many forts of cotton- trees, both wild and planted. They have alfo a fort of b;iftard cocoa-nut tree, not near fo big as the com mon ones in the Eafl or Weft-Indies. The kernel is fweet, but hard. At the top of thefe cocoa-trees grows a black thread, like horfe hair, but longer, of which they make cables, that are more jCerviceable and lafting Bo WILLIAM DAMPIER, i 699. lafting than thofe made of hemp. The reft of thei^ ^"""^^ fruits are oranges of feveral forts, efpecially China o- ranges,' limes, pomegranates, pomecitfons, plantains^ bananas, right cocoa-nuts, guavasj cocoa-plums, wild grapes, (befides European grapes) hog-plums, cuftard-^ apples, fourfops, cafhews, papahs, jehnipahs, mari- chineel-apples, and mangoes, (though thefe laft are but ^ rare as yet) arffahs, mericafahs, potangoes, &c. (Fruits not to be feen in other countries^ petnmbos, munga- reos, mackilhaws, inguas, otee,- mufteran de ovas,- palm-berries^ phyfic-nuts, cabbage-trees, &c. They have alfo abundance of ground-fruit.; fuch as callavan-^ ces, pine-apples,* pompions, water-melons,; mufk-me^. Ions, cucumbers ; of yams, potatoes; caffavas ; of garden-herbs, cabbagesj turneps, onions, leeks, and all forts of fallading. They have great plenty and va riety of wild fowls ; viz, yaramas, maccas,- (a large forts of parrots), common parrots, fiamingoesi carrion- crows, chattering crows, cuckcoos, curious coloured bill-birds, correffoes, turtle-doves, pigeons^ jaune*" tees, clocking-hens, crab-catchers, : currecofs, Mufco^ vy ducks, common ducks, widgeons, teal, curlewsy men-of-war birds, boobies, noddies, pelicans, &C; The chief of their tame fowl are ducks, and other dunghill fowls. Of thefe they have two fprts, one of the fame fize with ours, and another larger, which are fold at a dear rate here. Their land-animals are, hor^ fes, black cattle, fheep, goats, coneys, hogs, leo'^ pards, tygers, monkeys, pecary, (afortof wildhogs),' arm.adilos, alligators, guanoes, lizards, ferpents, frogs, and a fort of amphibious creature called Cochora de Aquahy the Portuguefe, and water-dogs by the Eng lifh, from their refemblance to a fhaggymaftiff-dog; with four fhprtlegs. They have here alfo the amphif baena, pr two-headed fnake, pf a grey cplour, .with black ftreaks. Its bite is reckoned incurable : The beft is, that it feldom wounds. Having two fpecks in the head, itjft^ad of eyes, fome fay it is altogether blind, and lives under ground, likea.mole. Its length is TP AUSTRALASIA. 81 is about fourteen inches,, with an head at each end ; 1699. whence the Portuguefe call it Cobra de dos Cabaffes, i. e. ^^^^ The fnake -ivitb two heads ; but I never faw one of thefe. The fea hereabouts affords tarpeins, mullets, groop- ers, fnocks, gar-fifli, gorafl'es, baramas, coquindas, cavalJies, dog-fifh, herrings, fcroco, oleo de boy, whales, lobflers, cray-fifli, flirimps, crabs, common oyfters, conchs, wilks, cockles, mufcles^ periwinkles, and three forts of fea-tortoifes ; viz. the hawkfbill, log gerhead, and green tortoife. The firft is the moft e- Iteemed, its fhell being the moft beautiful, and there fore fold very dear, and is a very confidetable commo dity. April 3d, in the morning, we failed from this har bour ; and, at twelve o'clock. Cape Salvadore bore north, diftant fix leagues. The 27th, we came in the lautude of the Ahrohlo flioles, viz, in 18 degrees and 19 degrees fouth latitvide. May 3d, at 20 degrees, our meridian diftance from Cape Salvadore was 234 miles, the variation 7 degrees,' The 12th, being in 31 degrees, 10 minutes fouth latitude, we began to have' weft winds ; bur met with nothing of moment, ex-cept a dead whale, the carcafe whereof was entirely covered with birds of divers forts, as pintado-birds, ihearwaters, petrels, &c. We faw ajfo abundance of fea- weeds, in 39 degrees 32 minutes fouth latittide, .near the meridian of the Ifle Trifiian d'Acunna, as laid down by the Portuguefe. June 2d, I faw a large black tbwl, with a white flat bill, which is faid never to fly above thirty leagues from the Cape of Good Hope; whereas, according to my account, we were ninety leagues from thence; but, foon after found, I was not above twenty-five leagues from the Cape. June 3d, "ikering to the eaft, we faw a fail, which proved the ">St slope of London, coming the day before from tiie Cape. We kept company till the next day, when they fleered for the Eaft-Indies^, and I for the coaft of Netv Holland, lying nprth-north-eaft from the Cape. We did not lofe" fight of one another till June 6th, Vo'.. ilU L . Thf .. 82 WILLIAM DAMPIER, " , 1699. Th^e. 7th, it was very tempeftiious weather, and the, '^^ wi,nd continued pretty high till the 1,6th., and moderate-. till, the .ipth^s the wind, from weft- north- weft to fouth; by weft,, when we had • run 600 leagues, and were in, , 34 degrees, 17 minutes thm-h. latitude, and 39 degrees,. 24 minutes, longitude eaft from the Cape. Thewinds^ eontii-iued at north-eaft. by eaft till the 27th, and afcer- ., wards between north-north-weft and fouth- fouth-weft till the 4th of July; in which fpace we failed 782 miles: All which time we na,et with nothing of remark, except fpme birds and whajes, e^ecially as we came nearerto.. the fliore. ,Ah?ut ninety leagues from the land, we began to feefea-weeds, and, about thirty leagues diftant, fome fkuttle-bone^ floating on the water. ,Joly 25, b^ing in 26 degrees,, 14 minutes, fouth latitude, and 85 degrees, 52 minuses, longitude eaft from the Cape qf Good Hope, we faw rnore fea-wded, like mofs. The^ 28th, the fame in cr-eafed upon vts; and, the 2.9th, we, faw fkuttle-bop.es, bonetos, and fhip-jacks, a fifli of ejght inches long, " npt unlike a roch. The 30th, we ^w more; ^uttle-^ones and fe-a-weeds, and a fort of fowls we bad not feen before, of a grey colour, with red fharpi bills., but for the reft, not unlike lapwings. Aug]uli 2, we ftood in towards th? land, to look fpr an harbpur to. refirefh ourfelves, after a voyage pf 1 14 degrees frpm Brafil. We faw an opening in 26 degrees iputh latitude ; but, finding nothing but rqcks andfoijl ground, we ftood off again the ad. The 4th, we had 60 degrees 56 minutes, and fifty-five fathoms water ; and, the 5th, faw land again, ten leagues diftant, in 25 degrees ^o minutes fputh "latitude. The 6th, we faw. an^openin,.g in the land, in which we anchored in. twp fathoms and an half of water, Auguft 7. I Galled the mouth of this &und Sj^arks Bay, lying in 25 degrees fouth latitude, and, according tO our. reckoning, in 87 •degrees longitude eaft from th.e Cape of Good Hope, which is lefs by ig,§ leagues than is laid doWn in the common draughts. The land is pretty high, but the fhore fleep to the fea. The rnould is fand by the fea- fide. TO AUSTRALASIA. 8 J iide, producing a large fort of famphire, which bears 169P. a white flower. Further in, the mould is reddilh, mixed with a fort of a land,' producing fome grafs, plants, and flirubs. The grafs grows in great tufts, as big as a ¦bufhcl, here and there a tuft, being intermixed with a great deal of heath, much of the kind we have growing on our commons in England. Of trees and flirubs here are divers forts ; but none above ten feet high, their bodies about three feet round, and five or fix feet high before you come to the branches, which are bufliy, and compofed of fmall twigs there, fpreading abroad, thotigh thick-fet, and full of leaves, which were moft ly long and iiarrow. The colour of the leaves was one ^fide whitifh, and on the other green ; and the bark of the trees was generally of the fame colour with the leaves, of a pale green. Some of thefe trees were fweiet- feented, and reddifh within the bark, like faffafras, but darker. Moft of the trees and flirubs had, at this time, either bloffoms or berries on them. The bloffoms of the different forts of trees are of divers colours, aS red, white, yellow, &c. but moftly blue; and thefe fmelt very fweet and fragrant, as did alfo fome of the reft. There were, befides, fbme plants, herbs, and tall flowers, feme very fmall flowers growing on the ground, that were fweet and beautiful, and, for the moft part, unhke any I had feen elfewhere. There were but few land-fowls : I faw none, but eagles, of the larger fort of birds, but five or fix forts of fmall birds. The largeft fort of thefe were no bigger than larks, fbme no big ger than wrens, all finging with great variety of fine fhrill notes; and we faw fome of their nefts, with young ones in them. The water-fowls are ducks, (which hM. young-ones, this being the beginning of the Spring in thofe parts,) cifrlews, galdens, crabcatchers, cormo rants, gulls, pelicans, and fome water-fowl, fuch as I have not feen any where befides. The land-animals, that we faw here, were only a fort of maccroons, differ ent from thofe in the Wefl-Indies, chiefly a^ to their legs, upon which they jump, as the reft of their fpe- L 2 cics 84 WILLIAM DAMPIER, J699. cies do, and are, like them, very gOpd meat; Snd a ^¦'¦'^ fort of gdanas, but differing from them in ibme re^ markabte particulars ; for thefe had a larger and more frightful head, and had np tail; and, at the rump, where a taif fhpuld have been placed, there appeared fomething refembling an head ; but- without mouth or ^cyes. Their legs alio differed from other creatures of the fame kind, by their appearing to be fo made, as to carry the body either way, v.'hich, with the particu lar before- mentioned, might make a common fpedator apprehend this creature had two heads. . They were. fpefckled black and yellow, like toads ; and had frales on their br.cks, like crocodiles. They are very flow in motion ; and, when a man comes nigh them, they will ftand ftock-ftill, and hifs, without endeavouring-- to get away ; and the body, when opehed, hath a very unfavoviry fmell, I n?ver faw fuch ugly creatures any where, but here, ^ The guanas, in other parts, I have obferved to be very good m.eat, and have often eat of them with great fatisfadion; but, though 1 have eaten^ of fnakes, crocodiles, and alligators, yet, 1 believe, the quickeft fenfe of hun'ger wpuld not have tempted me to tafte the guana of New Holland, The fea-fiih we faw here, (for there was no frefli-water of any kind to be feen,) are chiefly fliarks. There are abundance, of them in this found ; which was the reafon 1 called it Sharks Bay. There were alio Abates, thornbacks, and other fifli of the prey- kind, (one fort efpecially like the fea-devil,) and guardtifli, bonatos, &c. Ot fhell- filh we got alfo there mufcels, periwinkles, limpets^ oyfters, both of the pearl-kind, and of fuch as were eatable, befides cockles, &c. The fliore was lined thick with many other forts of very ftrange and beautiful liiells, of variety of colpur and fliape, .moft finely fpot- ted v/ith red, yellow, &c. fuch as I have not feen any where, but at this place. I brought away a great manyof tiicni .; but loft all, except a very few, and thofe not of the beft. There are alfo fome g,reen turtles, weighing about 200 lb. Of thefe we caught two, which the wa ter TO AUSTRALASIA. 85 tcr ebbing had left behind a ledge pf rpcks, which they 1699. could not creep over, Thefe ferved all my company ^^^^ two days, and they were indifferent fweet meat. Of the fliarks we caught a great many, which our men eat very favourily. Among thefe we caught one, that was eleven feet long. The fpace between its two eyes was twenty inches, and eighteen inches from one corner of its mouth to the other. Its maw was like a leather- fack, very thick, and fo tough, that a fharp knife could fcarce Cut it ; in which we found the head and bones of an hippopotamus, the hairy lips of which were ftill found, and not putrefied ; and the jaw was alfo firm, out of which we plucked a great many teeth, two of them eight inches long, and as big as a man's thumb, fmall at one end, and a little crooked ; the reft not above half fo long. The maw was full of jelly, which ftunk extremely ; however, I faved for a while the teeth, and the fliark's jaw. The flefli of it was divided among my men, and they took care that no wafte fliould be made of it, but thought it, as things ftood, good entertainment. We anchored at three feveral places in this bay, Aug. 7, at the weft fide. Here we ftaid till the i oth. We fearched for frefh water ; but found none : Howe ver, we got fome wood for fuel. The 1 1 th, wp fleered farther in ; towards afternoon faw the land, that makes the fouth of the bay ; but meeting with fholes, I fteer- ed away to the eaft ; and, the 1 2th, paffed the nprth ppint pf the land, and ftood farther into the bay, to fee what land we could obferve to the eaft, which we faw right a-head; but, having but fhoal-water, I made the beft of my way to return to the weft entrance. The 14th, I failed again out of this bay to the nprth-eaft, coafting abng the fliore. The 15th, we were in 24 degrees 41 minutes; and, the i6th, at 23 degrees 22 minutes. The 17th, we faw land again. The iSth, we faw abundance of whales near a fhoal point, in 22 degrees 22 minutes ; and, the 19th, in 21 degrees 42 minutes; the 20th, at 19 degrees 37 minutes. The 21ft, S6 WILLIAM DAMPIER, ivi are, pigeons, about the bignefs of mountain-pigeons in Jamaica, and grow about the fize of thofe in Eng land, and much like them ; but the inner part of their feathers is 'Ovhite, and the out-fide black ; fo that they ' appear all black, unlefs you extend the feathers. Here arc large fky-coloured birds, fuch as we killed at Netlo- Guinea, and many other fmall birds unknown to us. Here are likewife abundance of bats, as big as young conies, their necks, heads, cars, and nofes li-ke foxes j . ; their TO AUSTRALASIA; 113 their liair rough; that aboiit their necks is of a whirifh 1700. yellow ; that o'n their heads arid fhoulders black. Their ^-"^^ wings are four feet over from tip to tip. They fmell like foxes. The fifli are bafs, rock-fifli, and a fort pf fifli like mullets, old-wives, whiprays, and fome other forts that I know not ; but no great plenty of any : Fpr it is deep water till within lefs than a mile pf the fhore ; then there is a bank of coral rocks, within which you have fhoal water, white clean fand ; fo there is no good fifliing amongft thefe. This ifland lies in 2 de-i grees, 43 minutes fouth laritude, and its meridian diftance from Port Babao, on the Ifland of Timor, is 486 miles. Befides this ifland, here are nine other fmall iflands, as they are laid down in the draughts. The inhabitants of this ifland are a fort of very tawny In dians, with long black hair, who, in their manners, dif fer but little from the Mindanayans, and others of thefe eaftern iflands. Thefe feem to be the chief; for, befides them^ we faW alfo cutlpated New Guinea Ne groes, many of which are flaves to the others, but, I think, not all : They are very poor, wear no cloaths, but have a clout about their middle, made of the rinds of the tops of palmeto-trees ; bur the women have a fort of calico-cloths. Their chief ornaments are blue ¦and yellow beads worn about their wrifls. The men arm themfelves with boWs, arrows, lances, and broad fwords, like thofe of Mindanao, Their lances are pointed with bone. . They ftrike fifli Very ingenioufly with wooden fifli -giggs, and have a very dexterous way of making the fifh rife; for they have a piece of wppd ciirioufly carved and p^iiited, much like a dol- Sphin (and perhaps other figures) ; thefe they let down into the water by a line, and a fmall weight to ftnk it : When they think it low enough, they haul the line into their boats very faft ; and the fifl^ rifing up after this figure, they ftand ready to ftrike them when they are near the furface of the water. But their chief iivelihood. is from their plantations; yet they have -krge boats, and go over to New-Guinea, where they Vol. HI, P get 114 WILLIAM DAMPIER, 1700. get flaVes, fine parrots. Sec. which they carry to Ce" ^'"^ tain, and exchange for calicoes. One boat came from thence a little befbre I arrived here, of whom I bought fome parrots, and wppld have bought a flave; but they wpuld npt barter fpr any thing, except calicoes, which I did not chufe. Their houfes on this fide were vieiy foiall, and feemed only to be for neceflity ; bur, on the other fide pf the ifland, we faw good large houfes; Their prows are narrow, with outliers on each fide, like other Malayans. 1 cannot tell of what reli gion thefe are -, but I think they are not Mahometa,n.s, by drinking brandy out pf the fame cup with us, with out any fcruple. At this ifland we cpntinued till the ?oth inftant, having laid in ftore of fuch roots and ' fruits as the ifland afforded. Oh die 20th, at half an hour-after fix iri the morning, I weighed ; and, ffand- ing out, we faw a large boat full of men, lying on the north point of the ifland. As we paffed by, they row ed towards their habitations,- where we fuppofed they had withdrawn themfelves, for fear of us, (thpugh we gave them np caufe pf terror), or for 'fome differences among themfelves ; which of the two, was out of our power to determine, though the former, , however un- reafonable, feemed to us the moft probable ;' and their future conduct confirmed us in that opinion. After we left this coaft, where we found it impof- fible to do any thing, in regard either to difeoveries or trade, we paffed by many fmall iflands, and through many dangerous fhoals, without meeting with any thing remarkable ; till, on February 4th, we found ovirfelves off" the north-weft cape of New-Guineai which is called by the Dutch Cape Malo. There lies off'this cape a fmdlwpody ifland, which I fent my boat to examine, intending to have anchored near it ; and'^s t'hey brou'ght me, at their return, a cockle of. a pro digious fize, and reported that- they had feen many more that were ftill bigger, I thought fit to call this Cockle I/land. The next day, in the afternoon, I fent both boats thither, one to cut wood, and the oth'er tp fifh'. TO AUSTRALASIA. 115 fifti; which boats, at their return, brought me feveral '7°°- cockles of ten pounds weight; but as it was high-*'"^^ water, they were not able to get any of the very large ' ones ; for, the fhells they brought the day before weighed 78 pounds. In the afternoon, I went myfelf afliore on the other ifland, where I found more pi- geons than 1 had ever obferved before, tho' all thefe iflands abound with that fort of fowl. Here all'p were fuch plenty of cpckles, that in an hour's time, we could have loaded the boat with theni. This place I called Pigeon Ifland ; and, on the 7th5 in the afternoon, my men brought nie from thence one empty cockle- fhell, weighing 258 pounds. The fame evening, we anchored near a very pleafant ifland, about two leagues and an half in length ; the cpuntry high, apd exceeding well cloathed with wood : the trees of them were pf feveral forts, moft of them unknown to us, but all of them green and flourifliing: Many of them bore flowers of different colours, fome white, fome purple, fome yel low, all exceedingly fragrant, fo as to be fmelt at a confiderable diftance. Thefe trees, were, generally fpeaking, tall and ftraight, and one in particular, of a clean,; fmooth body, without knot or limb, bet\y,«ren fixty and feventy feet high, and three fathom^ about. The foil of the iiWd is black, but not deep. Oh this ifland I went afhore the next morning, drank his Ma jefty's health, and called it King William's Ifiand, .<3n the^th, being to the eaftward of King William's Ifland, ¦we plied all the day between the Main and feveral o- tiier iflands, having the wind eafterly, and fair wea ther; but it foon altered, ^nd we had a great deal of rain. On the 14th, we found ourfelves about 6 leagyes from the continent . qf N^w-Gutnea, which appeared very high; and we faw. two head- lands, at "about twenty leagues diftant from each other, the one eaft, the other weft; the laft is called the Cape of Goo.d Hope : The variation of the compafs here was fourde- grees to the eaft. On the 15th, we faw an uninhabit ed ifland, to vyhich I giive the name of Providence, P 2 which ii6 WILLIAM DAMPIER, ^7°9- which lies at np. great diftance from another fmall ifland,^ ^^^^ nientioncd in ^he Dutch charts by the name of Williams Schoiiten's Ifland. - ' . We croffed the Line on the i6th, and found the variation 6, degrees, 26 minutes to the e^ft; but, in a, few days, the variation increafed to very ne^r 9 de grees. We faw, on the 23d, in the afternoon, two, fnakes; and, the next rnorning, ^npther pafling- by us, whieh was vigoroufly attacked by two fi0lesj^ that, had kept us company five or fijj; days: They were ftiaped like maclcrel, and were about their bignefs and length, and of a yellow colour, inclined to green. The fnake fwam away from them very faft, keeping his head above the water: One- fifh -fnapt at his tail; but, when he turned himfelf, the fifh ¦\;?ould withdraw, and the other would fnap ; fo that, by tyrns, they kept hirti employed; yet he ftill defended himfelf, and fwam a- "way at a great pace, till they- were all out of flght. The 25th, betimes in the niorning, we faw an ifland to the fouthward of us, at about 'fifteen leagues diftance : We bore away for it, fuppofing it to. be th'at which the Dutch, caHed Wifhart's Ifland; but, finding it anpther place, I called it Matthias, \t being that faint's day. This ifland is about nine or ten leagues long, moun tainous and wppdy, with many favannas, and fome fppts of latnd, \yhich feemed to ' be cfeared. At eight; in the evening we lay by, intending, if w(j could, to anchor qnper Matthias Ifle : But, the next morning, feeing a^'i^her ifland, abput feven or eight leagues to the eaftvv'a'fd pf it, we fteered away fpr it : At hoori, we came yp fair with its fouth-weft end, iritending to, run along by it, and anchor on the fouth-eaft fide; but -the tornadoes came info thick, that I co^ild not venture in. This ifland is pretty low and plain, and •eloathed with wood. The trees were very green, and appeared to be large and tall, as thick, as they could ftand one by a'rit.6ther. It is abouttwo or three leagues^ -long; and,' at the fouth-weft- point, there is another low,' fmall, woody ifland, at>out a mile- round, and a- bout TO AUSTRALASIA, ii? bput a mile from the other. Between them runs a ridge 1706, of rncks, which jpins them ; the biggeft pf thefe I cal- ^^^ led Squally Ifland, pn accpunt pf the tempeftuous wea ther we met-with upon its coafts. The defire of ma king difeoveries obliges a man to lay hpjd pf every circumftance that is in the leaft prpmifing, and to ne- gled nothing that may gain him a tplerable acquaint ance with the coafts he vifits. Subfequent vpyagers may eafily difcpver great feeming errours in fuch a man's condudt ; but imparrial judges will be always ready to allow, that it is one thing to attempt, and another to profecute difeoveries. He who engages in the former, adually fteers in the dark, arid moves without guide or information ; whereas the lat ter follows the lights which the other had ftruek out, and not only improves the effedrs of his faga city, but acquires wifdpm alfo by attending to his miftakes. Yet the pleafiire of the difcpverer is certainly inore quick and lively, than that of any critical inquir er into the condudt of his voyage. In this expeditbn, however, the difeoveries were npt great enoiigh to ex cite envy ; and yet, ppflibly, they may deferve atten tion and profecutiori ; fince, though the countries were not rich which we faw, yet they were pleafant, and ap peared extremely capable pf imprpvemenr. It is alfo to be obferved; that we vifited the out-fkirts only of the country ; and, by the fringes of a carpet, it is very hard' to judge of the whole piece. In order to con quer this difficulty, and, at the fame time, to rid our felves. of the dangers and diftreffes we continually ex perienced in fteerihg among thefe iflands, we refolved to bear away for the Continent, in hopes of indem'rti-' fying: Gurfelves for the fufferings and . difappoiht- ments we had hitherto met with on the coaft of New- Guinea. ..-•;¦- " The continent appeared high and mountainous, a- dorned with flourifliing trees. The fides 'of the hills had many large plantations, and peces of cleared land, which, together with the fmoke we faw, are certaiji figns |i8 WILLIAM DAM^^IER, Wq-flgns of its being weU inhabited ; .and I was deflrous 'of entering into commerce with the inhabitants : Be ing nigh the fhore, we faw firft one prow ; a litde after two or three more ; and, at laft, a great many boats' came from all the adjacent bays : When they were forty-fix in n-qniber, they approached fo near us,' t.,hat we could fee e^ch others figns, and hear each other fpeak, though we could not underftand them, nor they us. They made figns for us to go in towar4s the fliore, pointing that way : It was fqually weather, which at firft rnade me (pauupqs pf going too near; but the weatKer beginning tp. look ptetty clear, I endea voured tP get into a bay a-head qf us, which we could have got into well enough at firft ^ but, while we lay by, we were driven fq far to leeward, that nPW it was mpfe difBcult tp get in. The natives lay in their prows round us, to whom I fhewed beads, knives, aind glaffes, to allure them to come nearer ; but they would not come fo nigh as to receive any thing from us : Therefpre I threw put fome things tp them, viz. a Itnife faftened to a piece of bpard, and a glafs-rbottlc corked up with fome beads, in it,, which they took up, and feentied well pleafed. They often ftruek their Irft breaft w;ith their right ha,t\d, and as often held up a black truncheon oyer their heads, which vye topk for a tpken of friendfliip ; Wheireforewedid the like ; and, when we ftood in to-wards the, fhore, they feemedrto rejoice ; but, when we ftopd off, they frowned ; yet kept us company in their prows, ftill pointing to the, fhore. About five o'clock, we got within the mouth of the b-ay, and founded feveral times, but had no ground, though within a mile of the ll\pre. The, b^on pf this ba.y was ^bpve two miles, into which we might have gpne*; but, as I ^as not fure of anchprage there, I •thought it not prudent to. run in at this time, it b^eing near night, and feeing a black tornado rifing in the weft, which I moft feared ; befides, we had near 200 men in prows clofe by us, and the bays, pn. the fliore, were lined w;ith.men frpm pne end tp the other, where there TO AUSTRALASIA, ^c. ttg there could npt be Ids than three Or fpuf hundred 170O. more. What weapons they had we knew not, npr ^^"^^ yet their defign ; therefore I had, at their firft coming' near us, got up all our Efnaall arms, ahd made fe veral put on cartoiich-boxes to fecure us from treachery. At laft I refolved to go out again ; which when the natives ih their prows perceived, they began tp fling ftones 'at us as faft as they could, being provided with engines for that purpofe ; and, there fore, I named this place Slinger'i Bay : But, lat the fi ring of a fingle gun, they were all amazed, drew off, and flung no more ftones ; they got together, as if confult- ing what to do ; for they did npt make in tPwards thd fliore, but lay ftill, though fome of them- were killed or wounded, and ' many more pf them had paid for their bpldnefs, but that I was unwilling tP cut pff many of them ; which if I had done, I could not hope afterwards to bring them to treat with me. The next day, we faifed clofe by an ifland, where we faw much fmoke, and men in the bays, out of which came two or three canoes, taking much pains to overtake us, but they could not, though we went with an eafy fail, and I could not now ftay for them. As I paffed by the fouth-eaft point, I founded feveral times, within a mile of the fandy bayS; but had np ground. About three leagues to the northward of the fouth-eaft point. We opened a large deep bay, fecured from weft-north- Weft and fouth-weft winds: There were two other iflands that lay to the north-eaft of it, which fecured the bay from north-eaft winds ; one was but fmall, yet woody; the other was a league long, inhabited, and full of cocoa-nut-trees. 1 endeavoured to get into this bay, but there came fuch flaws from the high land over it, that I could not; and, night coming on, I would not run any hazard; but bore away to the fmall inhabited ifland; to fee jf we could anchor on the'eaft fide of it : When we came thither, we found the ifland fo narrow, that there could be no fhelter ; therefore I tacked, and ftood towards the greater ifland again; and, iao WILLIAM DAMPIER, ryoo. and, being more than midway between both,, t hf ""^ by. Between feven and eight at night, we faw a canoe tlofe by US; and, feeing nO rnore, fuffered her to come aboard; fhe had three then in her, who brought of^ fi"ve cocoa-nuts, for which I gave each pf them a knife< and a ftring pf beads, tP. encourage them to come off again in the mprning ; but, before thefe went away; we faw twp more canoes coming} therefore We ftppd away tqthe nptthward frpm them, and then layby 4- gain till day, "We faw np mpre boats this night, nei ther defigned to fufferany mpre tP CPme abpard in the dark. By nine b"*. clock the next morning, we were got within a league. of the great ifland, but were kept off by violent gufts of wind. On.Marc.h 3d,, being abont five lea:gues to'ieewar4. of the great ifland, we; faw the, main land a-head, an.d another great high ifland to leeward pf us, diftance abput feven leagues, fpr which we. Ispre away 5 it is ca,lled in the Dutch draughts Garrai Dennis ifle. It is abpuE fourteen pr fifteen leagues fpund, high, and mpiin- tainous, and very woody. Some trees appeared very large and tall ; and the bay, by the fea-fide, abounded ¦with very large cpcpa-nut "trees ; where we alfo faw fome fmall hpufes. The fides of. the mpuntains are thick-fet with, plantatipns ; /and the mpuld, in the. new-cleared land, feemed to be of a broWn reddifh' cp-^ Ipur. This ifland is full of points, fhppting intP the fea : between which are many fahdy bays full pf cpcpa- nut trees. The middle pf the ifland lies in 3 degreesj 10 minutes fputh latitude; it is very populous;, the natives are yery black, ftrpng, and well-limbed people, having round heads, their hair curled,and fhort, which they fhave into feveral forms, and dye it alfo of divers colpurs, viz.. red, ; white, and yellpw. They have round 'faces, with broad bpttle-npfes, yet agreeable e^ nough, till they disfigure them, by painting,, and by wearing great, rings through their nofes, as b'ig as a man's thumb, and about four inches long ; thefe are run quite through both rioftrils';, . pne end running put by TO AUSTRALASIA. 121 by pne cheek-bone, and the other end againft the other, 1700- and their nofes fo ftretched, that only a f.nall flip of ^""^^ them appears about the ornament.: ^hey have nlfo great holes in their ears, wherein diey wear fuch fluff as iii their nofes. They ^re very dextrous aftive fellows Ir their piows, which are very ingenioufly built: They are narrow and long, with outlayers on one fi.de i the head and ftern higher than the reft, and adorned with many devices, viz. fbme fowl, filh, pr a man's hand painted or carved; and though it is bqt rudely, yet the refem.blance appears plainly, and fhows an ingenioijs fancy : But With what inftruments they '.male? their prows, or this kind of carved 'work, I know not ; for • they feem to be utterly Unacquainted with irpn : They had Very neat paddle's, with which they rn^nage their prows dextrpvi fly, and make great vyay through the wa ter. Their weapons are lances, fwords, flings, and fome bows and arrows : Th^y have alfo wooden fifligigs for ftriking fifli, Thofe that came to affault Us in Slingers Bay, pn the main, are \n ajl refpefts like thefe ; and,, I believe, thefe are no lefs treacherous : Their fpeech jj, deaf and diftin£t-, the •words they ufed moft when near us wexe Vacoufee Allemais ; and then they pointed to the fliore: Their figns of friendfhip are either a gre^f truncheon, or boiigh of a tree, full of leaves, 'put oh their heads, often ftriking their heads with their hands. The next day, we had a pleafant gale of wind, which tarried us Under an high ifland, very woody, and fiiU of plantations on the defcents Of its mountains, arid on ^he fliores of its bays. This ifland lies in the latitude of 3 degrees, 25 miniifes fouth, and is diftant from the meridian-of Cape Mabo 31.6 miles. On the foijch-eaft par: of it are three or four more fmall woody iflands, one high and peeked, the other low and flat, all thick- planted v/ith cocoa-nut-trees, and other wood. On the nbrth, there is another ifland of an indifferent height, and of a fomewhat larger circumference than the great iiigh ifland laft-menrioned. We paffed between this, .tnd the high ifland -, the high ifland is' called in the Vql.III. Q^ ' Dutd 122 WiLtlAM DAMPIER, 1700. Dutch draughts Anthony Cave's ifland ; as -for the flac '"''^^ low ifland, andf he other fmall ope, it is probable they were never feen by the Dutch, nor the iflands to. th^ north 'of Garret Dennis's ifland. ^ As fopn as we carrie. near CatJ^'s ifland, fome canoes came abo'ut us, and 'made figns for us to come ' afhore, as all the reft had done before, probably thinking we could run the fliip a-ground any where, as they did their prows; for we faw neither fail nor anchor amongft any of them, though mbft Eaft-Indians have both: Thofe had prows made of one. tree, -weH" dug, with outlayers. oh. one' fi4e; they were but fmall, yet "wcU,- fhaped. ' We endeavoured to anchor, but found'ho.. ground within a mile of the fhore; we kept clof(i along the north fide, ftillfounding till vire came to '{he'porth-eaft end, the danoes ftill ac companying us,' and 'the bays were covered With men going along; as' 'weTailed,m'a.ny o.f them ftrove tofwim off to us; biit we left them a ftefn. The current now driving in towards the ffat ifland, ¦vye were fplldwed, by ai canoe from Cave's ifland : .To each of thofe in it I gave a knife, a looking-glafs, and^ a ftring of beads. We fliewed the'mporiipions and cocoa-nuts, intimating that we fhould be very ¦yvell pleafed to have more of them, which-'inftantly produced three out of their boat. We' next fhewed theqi nutmegs; and they, by their figns, gave us to underftand, that they had fuch growing oh their ifland.' They were likewife' fliewed gold-duft, Whicf^' they khevv, and cried out,' 'Manneel / Manned I poir^ting towa.rds the land. Soon after they Were gone, two 'of' three ca'noesj came from the flat ifland, and jrivited us thither. .Thefe people were.black, with friz-^ zled hair, tall," lufty,. 'well-fliapedfnefl ; they made the fame figns of friendrnip, and feemed to fpeak the fame language. Thtir canoes were very neatly made, and finely carved, with fhe figures' of various kinds of fifo upon them ; and, of all the Indian^ we had ever feen, "t'hefe feemed the moft tradable and polite. We foon after faw another ifland, called in the Dutch ' maps St. John's ; the people of which fpoke the fanie language with thofe of Cave's ifland. We faw from .... - > hence TO AUSTRALASIA. ' 123 hence an head-land to the fouth of us, beyond which 1700. we could difcover no land at all; whence I fuppofe, that ^'¦^f^ from thence the land' trends away more wefterly. This head-land lies in the laritude of 5 degrees, 2 minutes, fouth, and its meridian diftance from Cape Mabo is 1 290 rhiles. In the night we lay by, for fear of oyer- fliooting this head land; between which and Cape St. Marf.s the land is mountainous and woody, having many points of land ftiooring put into the fea, which make fo many fine bays. The coaft lies north-north- eaft and fouth.-;fouth-weft. We few neither fmpke nor plantations, near this head-land, -vyhich we opened fair by night; and, as no Dutch charts. defcribed this coaft fb far by. ten leagues, 1 called it Cape St. George. It lies in 5 degrees, 5 minutes, fouth latitudcj and, as I faid, is diftant from' the meridian of Cape Mabo 1290 miles. I likewife called the bay, formed by this moun tain, St.' George's Bay, and the ifland before it Sf. George's i^.and. The next morning we faw a burning mountain up in the country. The day after, we paf fed by the fouth-weft cape of this bay, leaving it tojhe north of US; and, when we came a-breaft of it, I called up my officers, and namecl it Cape Or/or^, in honour of my noble patron Edward Rujpl, Karl qf Orferd. This cape lies in j degrees, 34 minutes, fouth latitude, and 44 miles weft from the meridian of Cape St. George. The land on each fide of the cape is more favanna than wood-land ;„and it is higheft on the north- weft fide. The cape itfelf is a bluff-point, of an indifferent height, with a flat table-land 'at* tpp. When we were tP the weft of the cape, it appeared to be a low point, flippt- ing out : There were many inhabitants abput it. . We fteered alpng fouth-weft as the land lies, keeping about fix leagues off the fhore, and being defir.ous to cut wood, and ^11 water,' if I faw. any conveniency,. I Jay by in the night, becaufe I would not mifs any plape proper for thofe ends, for fear pf wanting fuch necef- faries. This, cpaft is high and rnpuntainpus, and not fp thick fet with trees as that on the other fide of Cape Or- , 0,2 ford, 12^ WILLIAM DAMPIER, 1100, ford, but otherwife pleafapt.enoughi I. could have wiil>- ^•'"'^ ed for fome more favourable, opportunities than had hi therto offered themfelves, aSiWell for penetrating into the heart of thg new-dilcovered country, asfor opening a trade, with itsjnhabitants, both of which;, I very well knew, could they be brought about, muft prove ex tremely beneficial to Great Britain, For this, reafon I continued my endeavours, in fpite of fb many difap'- pointments; and, perceiving my officers and 'men. more ,'traftable and obedient than formerly, * refolved to fxja- mine the continent we had now; in view, as minutelyas We had lately doiie theiflaqds ; the fruits of which in quiry, fuch as they 'were, fliall. belaid before the reader , "with the fame truth and fincericy, which, 1 hope, : ap pear "cohfpiciiquny in the former part of thl* relation ; for, though 4)fcoyeries be-not in a man's power, yet a candid reladon ofhis attempts, which-iis,,msy .afford lights to others, uarid thereby procure them that fuccefs, of which he failed. - _ On March r4, we had fight of a pretty deep bay, with forne iflands about it, in which I judged we might ride pretty fecutely, and meet alfo with feme refrefli- ments; for, by the frnpke- We faw, it was.very evid.ent that the country was full inhabited: About lo, wefaw a point, which rail pretty far out into the fea, and a bay within, ¦where -We were in, hopes j of meeting with ¦ frefh Water ; aaid bbr hopes were greatly increafed, when, going with a moderate gale into the bay, we difeerned all the marks of a wdi-cultivated country, viz. cOcoa-tre.es, regular plaritarions, and a confiderable .number qf. houfes. When 1 carpe within four or five ¦ mile's of the fliore, fix fjtpall boats came off to view us, With aboiit forty. meii. in them. Perceiving that .they would not' cpme aboard, I made .figns tptbem ;to. go " aflidr'e ; but, they did nof, or would not, underftand me : Therefore 1 whiftled a fliot over their heads out of my fowling-piece; and then they pulled away for the fhore as hard as they could. - Thefe were no fooner "afliore, .but we faw : three boats coming from the ifland TO AUSTRA^.ASIA. .^^5 ifland to leeward of us; and they foon came within 170O' call,; for we lay becalmed ; One had about forty men in ^""^ her, and was a large well-built bpat ; the other two were but fmall. Not long after I faw another boat coming out of that bay where I intended to gp : She likewife was a large bpat, with an high head and ftern, painted, and full pfrnen. This, I thpught, came pff to fight us, as prpbably they all did ; thetefore I fired another fmall fhot over the great boat thatAvas nigh us, which made them take to their paddles. We ftill lay becalmed ; and therefore they, rowing wide of us, di- refted their cpurfe towards the Other great bpat that was cpniing off. When they were pretty near each other,! "caufed the gunner tp fire a gun between, which he did very dextrpufly ; it was laden with round and partridge-fhot ; the laft dropt in the water fomewhat foort of them, but the round fhot went between twp boats, and grazed about 160 yards beyond them: This fo freightened them, tha,t they both rowed away for the fhore as faft as they could, without coming near each other; and the fittle boats made the beft of their way after them ; and now, having a gentle breeze at fouthrfciuth-eaft, 'we bore into the bay after them. ¦ When we came by the point, I faw a great number of men peeping from under f he rOcks. 1 ordered a fhqt to be fired to fcare them : The fhot grazed between us . and the ppint; and, mounring again, flevvover the point, and grazed a fecond time juft by them. We were obliged to fail along juft by the bays; and, feeing multitudes under the trees, 1 ordered a third gun to be fired among the cocoa-nut- trees to feare them ; for my bufinefs being to wood and water, I thought it necef fary to ftrike fbm^ terrour into the inhabitants, who were very numerous, and, I had reafon to fear, treach erous. After this I fent my boat to found ; they had firft fprty, arid at laft twenty fathomSj water : We fol lowed the boat, and came to anchor about a quarter of a mile from the fhore, in twenty-fix fathoms water, fine black fand and oufc. We rode right againft, the mouth of X25 WILLIAM! DAMPIER, 1 700. of a fmall ri\^er, where I hpped tP find .frefh ' water" '•'^'^ Spme pf the natives ftanding upon a fmall point at the river's mouth, I lent a fmall fhor over their heads to , fright them,. which it did effectually. In the afternppn, I fent my boat a.fliore tP the natives, whp ftood iipon the point by the river's mouth; with a.p.refent of co coa-nuts : When the boat was come near the fhpre, they cariie running intp the water, and put their nuts intP. the bpat : ThcnLma<^e a fignal fpr the bqat.'to come aboard, and fent both it and the yawl tp look for frefh water; ordering the pinnace, to lie near the river's mouth, while the yawl went up tO fearch. In. ah hqur^s time, they returned aboard With barrecoes full, of frefh Water, which they had taken about half,'a rnile up the river : After which, I.fent thjem again with caflcs ; or dering one to fill water, arid the other to watch the 1710- tionfe-of the natives, left they fhould make any oppqfi- tion ; but they did' notj and fo the bpats returned a little before fuhfet with a tOn and a half of water ; and the next day, by nopn-, brpught, us fix tons of water. I fent afhore commodities topurchafe hogs, yams, and other roots, Butrny rnen returned without any thing, the narives being uhwillihg tb trade with us; yet they admiredotir hatchets and axes, but would part with,nothing biit cocoa-nuts, which they climb the trees for; and, fo. foQn as they gave them oiir men, they beckoned to them to be gone, for they were afraid of us. The tSth, I fent both boats again for water ; and, before noon, they filled all my cafks. In the afternoon I fent them to* cut wood'; but, feeing about forty na tives ftanding on the bay, at a fmall diftance from pur men, I made a fignal for them' to come -aboard again; which they did, and brought me word, that'the meri Were pafling that way, but were afraid to come nigh the.m. At four o'clock I fent both the boats again for v*ood, and' they returned in the evening. Th^" I, called my officers, to d'ohfult whethet it were convenient to ftay here longer,-' and endeavour a better acquaintiance with t^efe peb-ple : They all gave their opiiiions tor ftaying *o AU.STRALASIA'. 127 ftaying fonger here. ,.Sq the .next day I fenj; both Ijoat^ 179"' ^IJiore to tifti^ and to cvVt,' tnqre wood. While they were ^""^ itfioVe, alaput thirty or forty nieri' and women paffed by; they were a iittl^ afraid of our people at firft, but, up. on their njakitig figns .of friendfliip, paffed quietly ; the men were.dreffed very fine -vvith; feathers aboiit their headjV, and lances in their hands; the -woqien had np ornament, or any thuig to cover their n.akednefs, but a bunch ofgreenbqughs, before and behind, ftuck uti- ^ef a ftring," which came pun'd their wajftis. They par- i:isd., large ,ba'lliets on their heads full of yams: And I have obferved, dmong all the wild nations 1 havelcnown, that- they tiiake the women carry the burdens, y^hile the men walk before, without carrying any other load th^n their arms. In the afternoon I fent the bo?its aflipre foir. wood, ' $ome-'oJfqur men. going to the natives houfes, found they wei'e no-w more fliy than they ufed tp be, had taken do-wri ail the cocoa-nuts from the trees, and drryeh away their hqgs: Our people made figns tp them, to kno'W whatjWas ,-becori;ie of their hogs, and other things." The natives, pointing to fome houfes at the bottom of the bay, and imitating the noife of thofe creatures, fignified, there were hogs and goats of feve ral fizes, which they. exp'reffed_ by holding out their hands at feveral diftances from the ground. At night our boats came aboard With wood ; and next morning I went myfelf, with both boats, up the river, to the watering-place, carrying -with me_ fuch trifles. as 1 thought moft proper to induce them to a commerce with us : But 1 found,. they were very fhy. I fayv but two men and a boy:. One of the pieji, by fome figns, was perfuaded.to come to the boat's fide where 1 was: I gave him a knife, a firing of beads, and a glals- bottle;. the- fellow, called out Cocoas 1 Cocoas I pointing to a village hard by ; and fignip.ed, that he would go for fome ; but he never returned. I took eight or nine men with me, and marched to their houfes, which I found very mean, and their doors made faft with withes, the inhabitants being all withdrawn out of fear. 1 vifited three of their villages, and, finding theirhoufes abandpn-, ' , ed 128 WILLIAM DAMPIER,: 1700! ed by the inhabitants, I brought out fome fmall fifhing-i ^""^ nets, in fecompence for thofe things they had of us. As "we were coming away, we faw two of the hativcs ; I fhewed them the things that we carried with us ; and called to them. Cocoas, Cocpas.fo let them knpw, that Itppk thofe things, becaufe they had not made gopd what they had prpmifed by their figns, and by their calling put Cpcoas. While I was thus employed, the ^ men in the yawl filled two hpgfheads with water,, and aft the barrecoes. In the afternppn I came aboard, and found all fny officers and men very importunate to go to that bay where the hogs were faid to bci I was Ipth tp yield tp it, fearing they wpuld deal tPP roughly with the natives; At laft I cpnfented, fending thpfe com- modiues I had afllpre with me in the mprning, and giving them a ftrid charge to aft cautioufly fpr their own fecurity. - The bay I fent them to was abput two miles frpm the fhip. As fpon as they were gone, I got all things ready, that, if there was occafion, I might affift them with my greait guns. When they came to land, the natives appeared, fhaking their lances, and threatening them ; and fome were fp daring as to wade into the fea,' holding a target in One hand, and a lance in the other. Our men held up fuch cbmmodities as I had fent, but to no purpofe; for the natives waved them off. Seeing therefore they could not be prevail ed upon, my men, being refolved to have fome provi- iion among them, fired fome mufqiKts to fcare them away; Which had the defired effedt upon all' but two'or three, who ftood ftill in a riienacing pofture, till the boldeft of thein dropt his target; and ran away, being iliot in the arm. He, and fome others, felt the fmart of our bullets, but none we're killed, our defign being, rather to fright than hurt them. Our men landed, and found abundance of tame hogs running amongft the houfes. They fhot nine, which the;y brought away. They had but IFtde time ; for, in lefs than an hoitr af ter they wentfrorii the fliip, it began to rain : There fore they got what they could into the boats ; for I had charged them to come away, if it rained. By that time the TO AUSTRALASIA. 129 the boat was aboard, and the hogs taken in, it cleared i70o- Up, and my men defired to make another trip thither*"''^ befpre night: This was about five in the evening, and 1 confented, giving them orders to repair on board be- • fpre night.- In the clofe of the evening they returned with eight hogs more, and a little live pig; and, by this time, the pther hogs were jerked and faked. Thefe that came, laft, we only dreffed and corned till morning, and then fent both boats- afliore for more refrefhments, either of hogs or roots ; but, in the. night, the natives' had conveyed away their provifions of all forts. Many of them vvere now about the houfes, and none offered to hinder our boats landing ; but, on the contrary, were fq amicable, that one man brought ten or twelve cocoa-nuts,. ;!eft;them. on .the.fhore, after. he had.fnew- ed them to Qur-men, and went eut of fight. Our peo ple, finding .nothing but nets and images, brought them away.; .thefe two of my men brought in a fmall canoe; and, -prefently after, my. boats came pff. Ibr- dered jthe hoatfwain to take care of the nets ; the im'a- ges I took into, my own cuftody, I fent the canoe in the afternoon to the place from whence :, they brought her, and in her two axes, two - hatchets, (one of the helved) fix knives, fixlooking- glaffes, a large bunch' of beads,? and four glafs-bOttles,'- Our men drew the canoe afliore, placed j:he "things to the beft advantage in 'her, and came off in the pinnace I fent to guard tirem : And, now, being -well-itocked with wood;- and all.my water-caJks full, I refolved rd fell tfie ^ next rnorning. All the rime of our ftay here we had very fair weather, only a fhower (f rain fome times in the afternoon^-'which laued no" abo-. e an hour at moft-*!' alfo fbme thu;ider and liglitnirig, with very , little wind. We had fea.and land-breezes, the former between the fouth fouth-eaft, and the latter frgm north- eaft to north weft. This place 1 named' PortMontdgug, in Jionour of ..my noble patron. It lies" in 6o'degrees, 10 minutes, fouth latitude, attd meridian .diftance from 'Cape' 5/. George 151 miles weft. The country therea- ¦VoL. III. R bouts 3.JO WILLIAM DAMPIER, ^ 1700. bouts is mountainous and WDpdy, full of rich valleys,, '•''^ and pleafant frefh- water bfooks : Ih..- mould in the' valley is deep and.yellowifli, that on the fideof the hill of a very brownxolour, and not very deep, but rocky" underneath, yet excellent planting land. The trees, in. general, are neither vety ftrait, thick, nor tall ; yet ap pear g!een and pleafant isnough ; fome of them borfe' flo-wcT?; fbme berries, and others big fruits, but all unknown to any of us. Cocoa,- nut- trees thrive very well here, as well on the bays by the lea-fide, as more lemote among the plantations ; the nuts are of an in different fize; the milk and kernel very thick artd plea- fiint. Here is ginger, yams,, and, other very good roots for the pot, that our men faw and tafted. What other fi-uits or roots the country affords, I know not. Here are hogs and dogs ; other land- animals they faw none.. The fowls we faw-andknewwerepigeonSj parrots, cock- adorers,, and crows, like tihpfe in England, a fort of birds- about- the bignefs of a blackbird, and fmallen birds many. The fea and rivers have plenty of fifli ; we faw abundance;. t?hough we catched but few ; and. thefe were ca'vellies, yellow-tails^ and whiprays. We failed March 22, On the 24th in the evening, about ten o'clock, i was called out of my cabin, where I then lay much indifpofed, to fee^what the fliip's crew- called a miracle : On the north-weft, by weft there ap peared a large pillar of fire, fhoofng gradually for three , or four minutes ; then finking in the fame ti.me, till it was fcarce vifible ; then rifing again, and blazing as before, I knew it immediately to be a vplcanp, pr burning mountain, and fteered fpr it accordingly. On ' the 25th of the fame month in the evening, we found Gurlelves within three leagues of the ifland, in which this burning mountain was, and about two leagues. from the continent. There was a good channel to pafs between them ; and I kept nearer the main than the ifland. About feven in the evening I founded, and .had, fifty-two fathoms, fine fand and oufe. I ftood to the Wthward, tP get clear of this ftreight, having but lit tle . TO AUSTRALASIA. 131 'tie wind, and fair weather. The ifland all night vo- '7°*' mitcd fire and fmoke ; and, at every explpfion, we ^'"'^ heard a dreadful nolle, like thunder ; and faw a flame of fire after it, the moft terrifying that ever I beheld. The intervals betweea thefe explofipns were about half a minute, fome more, others lefs : Neither were thefe .pulfes or eruptions alike ;. for fome were: but faint con vulfions, in comparifon of the n^jore vigorous : Yet even the weakeft vented a great deal of fire ; but the largeft :made a roaring noife, and fent up a large flame twenty 'Or thirty yards high ; and there might be feen a great ftream of fire running down to the foot of the ifland^ even to the fhore. From the furrows made by this de fcending fire, we could, in the day-time, fee great fmokes arife, which .probatily were made by the fulphu- reous matter thrown out of the funnel at-the top, -which, turnbling down to the bottom, and there lying in. an heap, burned, till it was either confumed or extin- •guifhed ; and fo long as ir burnt, and kept its heat, fo long the fmoke gifcended from it, which We perceived to increafe or decreafe, according to the quantity of matter difcharged from the funnel. But the next night, ijeing fhot to the weftward pf the burning ifland, and the fannel of it lying on the fouth fide, we could not difcern the fire there, as we did the fmoke in the d^y, when we were to the fouthward of it. This vulcano lies in the latitude of 5 degrees, 33 minutes, fouth, and its meridian diftance from Cape St. George is 332 miles •weft. ' The eaft part of New-Guiney lies forty miles to the weft of this track of land ; and, iq moft of the charts, they are laid dov/n as contiguous ; but I found a large paffage between them, calling the north eaft promontory pf Nejp-Guiney, King Wilkan's Cape ; and when I had perfeftly difcovered the ifland, I called it Nova Britannia. It lies from 2 degrees, 50 minutes, tb .6 degrees, 30 minutes, fouth latitude, and has about ,5 degrees, 1 8 minutes, longitude. It appears to be, fpr the mpft part, high land, mixed with valleys, and ^Very where abounding with large and fta.tely trees. - R 2 The 132 WILLIAM DAMPIER. 1700, The ifland feems to be very fully inhabited by a race of '¦"'^ ftrong, well-made Negiroes, with whom I cpuld enter into no correfpondence, becaufe my pinnace was in fuch a condition* that we could not fafely make ufe of it to go afhore', I likewife difcovered another ifland, about eleven or twelve leagues long, which I called Sir- George Rooke's Ifland; and not long after anpther, which, frpm its form, I named Cro-wn Ifland; and, to the nprth-weft pf that, we difeerned a ftill larger ifle, which 1 called Sir Robert Rich's Ifland. On April 2, we difco vered another burning iflarid, and foon after many other iflands, amongft which we difcovered three veffels with fails ; a thing vmufual, and which we had never feen before, fince we were upon thefe coafts. On. April 12, the fky, at fun-rifing, looked very red in, the eaft, near the horizon ; ,and there were many black clpuds both to the fouth arid north of it. About a quarter of an hour after the fun was up, there was a fquall to the windward of us, when, on a fudden, one of our men on the forecaftle called out, that he faw fomething a- ftern; but could not tell what, I looked out for it, and immediately faw a fpout beginning to work within a quarter of a mile of us, exaiftly in the wind. We pre fently' put right before it. \t came very Iwift, whirling; the water up, in a pillar, about fix or feven yards high. As yetl coiild not fee anypendulouscloudjfrom whence it might come, and was in hopes it would foon lofe its force. In four or five minutes time, it came within a cable's length of us, and paffed away to leeward ; and- then I faw a long pale ftream coming down to the whir ling water. This ftream was about the bignefs of a rain bow. The upper end feemed vaftly high, not defcend ing from any dark cloud ; and therefore the more ftrange to me, as I never had feen the like before. \t paffed about a mile to leeward of us, and then broke. This was but a fmall fpout, not ftrong, nor lafting ; ' yet I perceived much wind in ir, as it paffedby us. The current ftiU continued at north- weft, a little wefteriy, which I allov/ed'tP run! a mile ^^r hpur, 1 TO AUSTRALASIA. 133 I gueffed ffoni hence, that the land is disjoined here ; 1700'. and, that there is a paffage to the fouthward, ^"''^ We were now returning, and therefore I fhall be fhorter in my accounts. On the 26th, we faw the ifland of Ora/B, and endeavoured to pafs between' it and the ifland of Bonao ; but cpuld npt. We then made the ifland pf Bouro, where we met with a Chi nefe veffel, which, thrpugh a miftake, gave us a good deal of trouble ; fpr, abput eight at night, flie came clpfe by us on our weather-fide ; which occafioned our getting all our guns ready, matches lighted, and fmall- arms upon the quarter-deck; but fhe ftanding one way, and we another, we were foon far enough afuri- der. At ten in the next morning, having little wind, I fent the yawl aboard of her. She was laden with rice, arrack, teia, porcelane, and other commodities, bound fpr Amboyna, The cpriiniander faid, that his boat was gone afhore for water ; and afked our men, if they law her ; fpr fhe had been miffing two or three, days, and they knew not what was become of her. They had their wives and children aboard, and probably came tp fettle at fome new Dutch factory. The com mander alfo informed us, that the Dutch had lately fettled at Ampulo, Monippe, Bonao, and on a ppint of Ceram. The next day, we paffed between Kellan and Bouro. After this, we had, for feveral days, an high- rolUng fea, occafioned more by a current, than wind, which carri^ us five and twenty miles to the fouth of our true courfe. 'We were now on the coafts of a khpwii country ; and therefore I refolved to take the firft op portunity that offered pf putting'into pprt, in order to procutre fuch neceffaries as I wanted, and for the ma king the repairs requifite in my foip, which, by being fo long out, was now become very foul and crazy, though we did not, at that time, fufped her being in fo rotten and ruinous a condition, as we afterwards found her ; neither was it long before we met with fhe 'opportunity we wifoedfor, ' On the 14th, we difcovered the Ifland Mifacomby ; and, 134 WILLIAM DAMPIER, 17^°' and, the next day, failed along to the weft, on the north fide of the ifland. In fpme charts it is called Omba, .a mountainous ifland, diverfified with woods and favannahs, abput t^yenty leagues fong, and. five or fix brpad. "We faw no figns of inhabitants on it. We fell in neareft to the weft end of it, and therefore I chofe to pafs on, intending to get through to the jfquthward between this and the next ifle to the weft jof it, or between any otl>er two iflands to the weft, where I fhowld find the cleareft paffage, becaufe the winds were now at north^aft, and eaft north-eaft, and the ifle lies nearly eaft and weft ; fo that, if the winds continued, I might be a long time in getting to the ^aft end of it, which yet I knew to be the beftpaffage. Afternoon, being near the end of the ifle Pentare, .which lies weft from Mifacomby, we faw many houfes ^nd plantations in the country, and abundance of co coa-nut trees growing by the fea-fide. We alfo .faw feveral boats failing crpfs a bay or channel at the weft end of ^ifacomby, between it and Pentare. We had but littje wind, and that at north, which blows right in, with a fwell ; wherefore I Was afraid to venture in, though probably tlitere might havf been good anchor ing, and a means of acquiring a commerce with the natives, I .continued fleering to^ the weft, becaufe, the night before, at fun-fetting, I iaw a fmall, round, high ifland to the weft of Pentare, where I expeded a good paffage. We could npt that day reach the .weft end of Pentare ; but faw a deep bay to the weft pf us, where, I thpught, there might be a paffstge through ¦between Pentare and. Laubana; but the latids werefout with one anpther, fo that we could ;iot fee any paffage. I ordered them to fail feven leagues more wefterly, , and lie by till next day, fn the morning, we lopkcd out for an opening ; but could fee none : Yet, by the ¦ :diftance and bearing of an high round ifland, called iJ'otoro, we were got to the weft of the opening; but not far from it, I therefore tacked, and- ftood tp the eaft; and the rather becaufe I bad reafpn to fuppqfe , ,. . , this TO AUSTRALASIA. t^^ this to be the paffage 1 came through in the CVwp/, '7°^ mentioned in my voyage round the wprld ; but 1 was '^''^ npt yet fure pf it, becaufe we had rainy weather ; fo that we cpuld npt npw fee the land fo well as we did then. We accidentally faw the opening at our firft falling in with the iflands, which now was a work of time and difficulty to difcover : However, before ten o'clock, we faw the opening. The wind was fouth- fouth-weft, and we plied to get through before night; for we found a .gobd tide helping u^to the fouth, A- bout feven or eight leagues weft of us, we faw an high, round, peaked mountain, from the top of which a fmolce feemed to afcend, as from a volcano. There were three other very high peaked mountains, two on the eaft, and one 'on the weft of that which fmoked. it was twelve at night before we got clear of two other fmall iQands; arid there we had a very violent tide fet ting us through againft a brifk gale of ¦wind. When we were through, we continued our courfe for Timor, in fight of which we came on May i8. On June 23, we faw the flj-eights pf Sunda ; and, towards the latter end of the month,, we arrived fafely in the road of Ba- tavia. I ftaid at Batavia upwards of three months, where I firft ordered the fhip to be repaired, and afterwards found it neceffary to careen her ; for which purpofe I hired veffels, to take in our guns, balaft, provifions,. and ftores. While we lay here, we heard, feveral Re ports in relation tb our men of war chat-were cruifing on the coafk of India ; and there was much difcourfe likewife of pirates, who had comraTtted great depreda tions on the coaft, and particularly in the ftreights of Malacca. I did not hear of any fhips- fent out to re duce them. At my firft coming in,. I had been told, that twp fliips had beeh fent from Amboyna in queft of me, which was quickly confirmed by one of the fkip- pers, whom I, by accident, met with here. He t-old me, they had three protefts againft me ; that they came to ' Pulo Sabuda, on the coaft of Netv-Guinea, twenty- 136 WILLIAM DAMPIER 1 7° J ¦ twenty-eight days after my departure thence; and went as far as Schouten's Ifland, and, hearing no further news of me, . returned. Something likewife' to this pUrppfe Mr. Merry.^ commander of the Fleet frigate, told me at my firft arrival here ; and, that the general at Batavia had a copy of my commiffion and inftruc-i tions ; but I looked upon it as a very improbable thing.' However it was, I did not give myfelf much trouble about thefe things, knowing well, that the .better they werdi' acquainted with the authority by which I was protedted, the lefs ready they would be to offer me any injury,- The Dutch, during the time we lay here, came to a refolutiou of fending three fhips fooner to Europe than was ufual. The day fixed for their faifing was the fixteenth of October, arid I took, all proper precautions to be ready to fail about the timd they did. Accordingly, on the 17th of the fame month, at half an hoiir after fix in the morning, I fail ed from Batavia, having the advantage of a falir wind ai fouth; fo that, on the 19 th about noon, I fetched up the three Dutch fhips before-rhentioned. Novem- ver 2^th, in the morning, we faw a fmall hawk flying about the fhip, till it was quite tired. Then fhe reft- ed on the mizen-topfail-yatd, where we caught her. It is probable foe was blown off from Madagafcar by the violent northerly winds, that being the riigheft land to us, though diftant near 150 leagues, D'ecem- besr 30th, we arrived at Cape Good Hope, and departed •again on January i ith, 1701. A^bout the end of the. inonth, we faw abundance of weeds or blubber fwitii- by us ; for I cannot determine which. It was all, of one foape and cplour. As they floated on the water,- they feemed to be of the breadth of the palm of a man's hand, fpread out round into many brandhes, a- bput the bignefs of a man's finger. They had, in the middle, a little knob, no bigger than the top of a man's thumb. They were of a dufl-iy colour ; and, as they fwam in the water, did not appear to be ftrong er than a kind pf jelly. Thefe fort pf things' are fre quent TO AUSTRALASIA. 137 quent in thofe feas, and indeed in moft parts of the 170 1. Eaft-Indies, Sharks are not very common here ; yet ""^^ fome I have feen, particulariy off the ifland of Timor, In my return, I faw one under the ftern of our foip, which was, beyond comparifon, the largeft that, ever •I beheld; and all my crew were of the fame opinion, Our foip, after all. the care that had been taken, ap peared to- be ftill leaky ; but we were in hppes of meeting with an opportunity at St. Heleffa to difcover the caufe of our misfortune, and to find fome means to remedy it : In which, however, we were difappoint- ed, though as ;nuch care was taken by the fuperiour officers, as it was poffible for men to take in their fta- tjons, February 2d, we anchored in St.^Helena road ; and feiled again from thence on the 13th. On the 21ft, we made the ifland pf Afcenflon, and ftood in towards It, The 2 2d, between eight and nine o'clock, we fprung a leak, which increafed, fo that the chain- pump could not keep the foip fre,e ; whereupon 1 fet. the hand-pump to work alfo, ^d, by ten o'clock, fucked her : Then wore the foip, and ftood to the fouthward, to try if that would eafe her; and then the chain-pump juft .kept her free. At five the next mor ning, we made fail, and ftood in for the. bay, and, at nine, anchored in ten fathoms and an half water, fandy ground. The fouth point bore fouth-fouth-weft, diftance two miles; and the north poirit of the bay north-eaft half north, diftance two miles. As foon as we anchored, I ordered the gunner tp clear his ppw- der-rppra, that we might there feqrch for the leak, and endeavour to ftop within-board, if it was pofiible ; for ' •we could not heel the fhip fo low, it being within four ft"reaks of the keel ; neither Vv/as there any convenient ' place to heel her afliore. I ordered the hoatfwain to afilft the gunner; and, by ten o'clock, the powder- tppm was clear. The carpenter's mate, gunner, and bpatfwain,. went dpwn; and, fppn after, I followed . them myfelf, and aflced them, Whether they could Vol. Ill S ' come ij8 WILLIAM DAlMPIfiR. x7«i.corae it the leak ?. They faidi they beliiSVed -th*y '^"^ might, by cutting the cieling. I told the carpenter's mate, who was the only perfpn in the fhip that un derftood any thing of carpenter's wprk, that, if he thpught he could cpme at the leak by cutting the cie ling, withput weakening the foip, he might dp it; fpr he had ftopped one leak fo before; which, though not fo big as this, yet, having feen them both, L thought he might as well dp thi§, as the either : Wherefore I left him to do his beft. The cielirig being cut, they could not come at the leak ; for it was a* gainft one of the foot-hook-tinibers, which the car penter's mate faid, he mqft firft cut before it could be ftopped, I went down again to fee; it, and found the water to come in very violently. I told them, I had 'never known any fUch thing as cutting timbers to ftop leaks ; but if they, who ought to be the beft judges in fuch cafes, thought they eould do any good, I bid them ufe their utnioft care and diligence, pro-* rnifing the carpenter's mate, that I would always be a friend to him, if he. could and would ftop it- H& faid, by four o'clock in the afternoon he would make all well, it being then about eleven in the forenboh;. In the afternoon," my men were all employed in pump ing with both pumps, except fuch as affifted the ear* penter's mate. About one in the afternoon I weAl; down again; and ^^^ carpenter's mate was cutting the after-part of the tirhber over the leak. Some faid ic was beft to cut the timber away at once, I bid theni hold their tongues, and let the carpenter's mate alone; for he knew beft, and I hoped he would do his utmoft tp ftpp the leak, I defired him tq get every thing ready fpr ftopping the violence of the water, before he, cut any farther, for fear it foould' pverppwer us at once, 1 had ordered the carpenter to bring all the bakham he had, and the bpatfwain to bring all the •Wafte cloaths, to ftuff in upon occafion ; and had, for the fame purpofe, fent down my own bed-cloaths; The carpenter's mate faid, he foould want Ihort ft^n- ' ¦• chOns TO AUSTRALASIA. 139 chpns to be placed fo, that the upper part fopuld touch 1701. the deck, and the under-part reft pn what was laid o- '^'^^ ver the leak 5 and prefently topk a length for them. I afked the mafter-carpenter what he thought beft tp be done. He replied, till the leak was all open, he cpuld npt tell. Then he went away tp make a ftanclipn ; but it was tpo long. I prdered him tp make many pf feveral lengths, that we might npt want of any fize : Sp, once more defiring the carpenter's m^te to ufe hi's utmoft endeavours, I went up, leaving the boatfwain and fome others there. About five o'clock, the boat fwain came to me, and told me, the leak was increa fed ; and that it was impoffible to keep the foip above water, when I expedlcd, on the contrary, to have had the news of the leak's being ftopped, I prefently went down, and found the timber cut away ; but nothing in readinefs to ftop the force of the water from coming ip. 1 afked them. Why they would cut the timber, before they had got all things in readinefs ? The car penter's 'mate anfwered, they could do nothing till the timber was cut, that he might take dimenfions of the place ; and that there was a chalk he had lined out preparing by the carpenter's boy. I ordered them, in the mean time, to ftop in oakham, and fome pieces of beef; which was accordingly done : But all to little purpofe ; for now the water gufoed in With fuch vio lence, th^t, notwithftanding all our endeavours to check it, that it flew in over the cieling, and, for want of paf fage out of the room, overflowed it a,bove two feet deep. I prdered the bulkhead tP be cut ppen, tp give paflage tP the water, that it might drain out of the room : And withal prdered tP clear away abaft the bulkhead, that we might bale j fp that now we had both pumps going, and as many baling as could ; and, by this means, the water began to decreafe, w.hich gave me fome hope of faving. the foip. I afked the carpenter's mate,. What he thought of it ?. He anfwer ed, .fear not; for, by ten .o'clock at night, I will en- ¦ S 2 . gage uo \<'iLLiAM Dampier, *70f- gag-e to ftop the leak- - 1 went from him With a very ""'^ heavy -h^art ; but, putting a good countenance upon the matter, encouraged, my men, who pumped 'and baled very brifkly ; and, when I faw pccafibri, I gave them fome drams to comfort'them.. About eleven o' clock at night, the boatfwain came to me, and told me, that the leak ftill increafed ; and that the plank was fo rotten, it broke away like dirt ; and that now it was impoffible to fave the fliip : fof they could not come at the leak, becaufe the water in the room ¦was got above ir. The reft of the night we fpent in pumping and baling. I worked myfelf, to encourage my men, who were very diligent ; but the water ftill increafed, and v/e now thought of nothing biit faving our lives : Wherefore I hoifted out the boat, that, if the foip fliould fink. We might be faved ; and, in the morning, we weighed our anchor, and warped in near-' er the fhore, though we did but little good. In the afternoon, with the help, of a fea-breeze, I ran into feven fathoms water, and artchorpd; then car-" ried a fmall anchor afoore, and warped in, till I came within three fathoms and an half; where having faft- fihed her, I made a raft to carry the mens chefts and bedding afoore, and before eightat night moft of them were afhore. In the morning, I ordered the fails to be unbent to make tents, and then myfelf artd officers went afoore. I had fent afoore a puncheon, and a thirty-fix gallon cafk of water, with -one bag of rice, for our common ufe ; but great part' of it was ftolen ' away before 1 came afoore, and manyof my books and papers loft. On the 2 6l:h following, we, to our great comfort, found a fpring of frefli water, about eight miles from our tents, beyond a *Very high mountain, which we were forced to pafs over; fo that now we were, by God's providence, in a condition of fubfift- ing for ibme time, hashing very good turtle by our ' tents, aad water for the fetching. The next day I went up to fee the watering-pliice, aeeompanied with - . moft TO AUSTRALASIA; 141 moft of my pfficers. We lay by the way all night, 1701; and the next morning early got thither, where we found ^"^^ a very fine fpring on the fouth- eaft fide of the high mountain, about half a mile from its tpp ; but the cpntinual fogs make it fo cold here, that it is very un- wholefome living by the water. Near this place are abundance of goats and land-crabs. About two miles fouth-eaft from the fpring, we found three or four. forub-trees, upon one of which was cut an anchor and cable, and the year 1 642 : About half a furlong from thefe, we found a convenient place for foeltering men in any weather : Hither many of "our men refortedj the hollow rocks affording convenient lodging. The goats, land-crabs, men-of-war-birds, and boobies, are good food, and the air proved here exceeding whole- fpme. About a week after 1 our coming; afoore, our men, -that li'ved at this new habitation, faw two foips making towards the ifland ; before night they brought me the news ; and 1 ordered them to turn about a feore of turtles for thefe fliips, if they foould touch here ; but, before morning, they were out of fighti, and the turtles were releafed again. Here we conti nued. Without any other foip, till April 2d, when we faw eleven fail to windward of the ifland; but they likewife paffed by. i. The day after, appeared four fail, which came to anchor in this bay. They were his Ma jefty's foips the Angle fey, Haftings, and Lizard, and the Canterbury Eafi-India foip. I went on board of the Anglefey, with about thirty-five of my men ; and the reft were difpofed of into the other two men of war. After this happy efcape, we left the ifland of Afcen-. fon on March 8, and arrived fafely at Barbadoes, on. May 8, 1701. Through the defire f had of returning to England, and to vindicate my charaifter, which I knew, muft fuffer greatly from the unlucky accident that had befallen me, I took the firft opportunity, that offered of returning in the Canterbury Eaft-IndJaman ;. in which paffage I met 'with nothing materiak.- The fame i_^i W I L L I AM ;0 AMP I E R, '2^* fitfte -earfteft defire to clear up miflrakes, to. do myfelf ' juftice ill the opinion of the world, and to fet the dif-; eoveriesmade in this unfortunate voyage in their pro-- per light. That it may bcof ufe to die worldi how un* lucky foever it proved to me^ is the reafon that indu ced me to publifo it ; and I perfuade myfelf that fuch as are proper jtjdges of this fort of performances, will allow, that I have delivered many things new in them felves, capabfe of affording much inltruftion to fuch as meditate future difeoveries, and which, in other rc- fpefts^ ittay be of g-reat utility to the prefent age, and to pofterity. REMARKS. This is the third long voyage made by ^ampier^ The reader has already feen the fecond inferted in its proper place. He had made anOithex in his youth to the bay of Campeack/i and the Ifthmus of Darim^ wheajce he got by land to the South 'Sea, with Sharps fVafer, -and other Buccaneers. He made a fourth voy age to the Pacific Octan^ in the year 1704, where be was prefenl^at taking the city Of P««a,- and whert they came to the Ifland Labos, he left the foip he command ed in this expedition, anc^ went to the Eaft-Indies in a Spanijh veffel. Here Woods Rogers tells us, that the Dutch, with their ufual humanity, treated this famous feaman very ill. They feized all his effects, and even imprifoned him, under the pretext that he had uocom-- miffion to foow, as indeed he had not, having loft it at the attack of Puna. But the Dutch, befides their natural brutality, by which they have ever been diftin- guifoed in the Eaft-Indies, had a particular enmity a- gainft this intelligent mariner, and they wanted, by deftroying the man, to obliterate the memory of his extenfive and valuable difeoveries in thefe feas, where he had opened a traft, which, we hope, v/ill fopn be followed, and muft place us near to thofe iflands, which the Dutch, during the inglorious reign of the . pedant ,To AUSTRALASIA. 143 pedant James, drove us from, after maffacring our :i7oii countrymen eftablifoed there, with the moft diabolical "^^ cruelty. We are npt of opinion, that the difmal tra gedy of Amboyna, could give the Dutch ahy legal claim to the fpices of this fertile ifland, and the only proper atonement we can now make to the manes qf pur flaugh- tered countrymen, is to wave the Britifti flag, in all its glory, over their untimely graves. But, to return, Dampier made a fifth voyage round the globe, in the year 1 708, as chief pilot to Captain Rogers, an account pf which, pur readers will find in its proper place^ VOYA VOYAGES TO THE TERRA AxrSTRALiS. BOOK IV^ Containing the Accounts of the 'Voyages made to that Quarter of the Globe, during the Eighteenth Century. ARTICLE L FUNNELL, TO Magellanica. ^ I AHis voyage has ufually paffed under the name i7^3« 1 of Captain William Dampier; but, „ as Jie '"''^ 3L proceeded only to the South- Seas, and the circiim'iiavigation was entirely perfonnea by Mr« Wil- Uam Funnell, I thought it more proper that his name foould fiand in the title than that of Dampier's, with whom,i in this voyage, we have much lefs to do. Thus much, however, is in juftice due to Captain William Dampier, that it was upon his credit, and in expedlation of his being able to do great matters in the Spaniflj IVeft-Indies that thefe foips were fitted out, and this expedition undertaken ; which fliaws, tliat ¦ Vol. 111. T the 146 WILLIAM FUNNEL^., 1703- the misfortune he met with in the Roebuck, had not af^ ^''^^ felted his charafter with the merchants-, who, to b.e- fure,, were the propereft judges in this matter. The poirrt they aimj^d at Was plunder, rather than difcove ry; and yet there is fomething, very remarkable in this- voyage in that way; and the unknown iflands whiclt Mr. Funnell met with in his paffage fi-om the South; Seas to the Eafl-Indtes, are the ftrongeft confirmation- of what former difcoverers have reported, as to large,, well-cultivated, and populous; countries, inthpfe parts. It muft likcvvife be acknowledged, that Funnell' s voy-- ages,- though, they are recounted with the greateft ap-r pearancc 6f fincerity and fimplicity,. yet are better di gefted, and may be, confequently, read with morefa- tisfaftion, than Ddnlpieti"^ ; probably, becaufe he had. but one point in view, viz.. that of giving his- readers- a fair and agreeable account of his adventureSi It muft be obferved,, that this expedition was under taken in the, beginning of the laft general war,, wheri' mighty expeftatiqns, were raifed_ of performing great; exploits againft the Spaniards, who, of a ftidden, from being our faft friends, and favourite allies, came to be confidered as our enemies, on their accepting the Duke of Anjou, grandibn to- Lewis XlV. for their .king. This induced the merchants to believe, that, with a reafonable force, a very .profitable expedition might. be made into thofe parts, where the Buccaneers, with- fmall vefels,, and thofe ill provided, had performed fuch extraordinary things;.-, .and,, therefore, when they had obtained the beft information they could, as to the methods propofed to be taken for the effcilting fuch ' a. defign, they entered cheerfully on the expences ne ceffary for that purpofe.. In order to this,- they fitted out at firft two (hips of twenty-fix guns, and 120 men each, defigned for the South. Seas. Ihe one was na med the St. George, Captain William Dampier com mander, in which was .Mr. JVilUam. Funnell;. and the 0- ther the Fame, John Pulling, Captain. They were , both fupplied with all warlike ftores, and very weM vidualled TO MAGELLANICA, Gf^. 1-17 'viiftu^lled for, nine months ; and had commiffions from '7°3' his Royal High«efs Prince George, then Loi'd High '"'^^ Admiral, to proceed againft the French and Spaniards ; and both were uppn the fame terms, of no purchafe, no pay. But, whilft they were in the Downs, there arifing fpme difference between the two captains, Cap tain Pulling, in his fliip the Fame, went away, in tending, as he faid, to go and cruize among the Cana ry \fland&, and they never faw him afterv/ards; but, before their going from Irel(fnd, they' were joined by anpther foip, fent after them on purpoie ;. foe was a fmall veffel, named The Cinque-ports galley, burden a- bout ninety tons, fixteen guns, and fixty-three men, C^harles Pickering captain z Which fhip was alfo very well viftualled, and provided for the voyage. It mull- be remarked here, -that this dcfertion ot Captain Ptill- ing was abfolutely the ruin of the voyage ; and, there fore, this ought to be a warning to all focieties of rner- ^hants, that enter upon fuch undertakings, never to join two officers, of difcordant tempers, on any terms; for, where harmony is wanting,, fuccefs cannot be ex- peftedl. Befides, officers * intrufted -on fuch occafions ought to know, that the firft principle of their conduft foould be duty, to their owners; for this, in private men of war, comes in the place of loyalty, which .is the fuprcme virtue in the commander of a king's foip ; and, where either is •wanting, it is abfurd to^ hope for any great matters. Pride, felfifonefs, .and narrow no tions can never make a figure any where, much lefs in a navalexpedition; where, if it once becomes a ma xim, that every man ought to take care' of himfelf, there is an end of all; whereas, if it be laid down as a fundamental point, that the general good is, in all cafes, to be purflied, the advantage of individuals will follow of courfe, and every man be enriched by barely purfuing orders. The original defign of this undertaking, fays Mr. Funnell, was to gp firft intp the river of Plate, as far as Buenos. Ajres, in ordfer to take two or three Spaniftj T 2 gaicons. 148 WILLIAM FUNNELL, ^7°3- galeons, which Captain Dampier afferted were ufually "•"^^ there ; and if, by that expedition, we got to the value of 600,000 /. then we were to return again without prpceeding further ; but if we miffed pf fupcefs there, then tP crui?e uppn the coaft of Peru for the Baldivia foips, which bring down gold tP Lima; but, if that - defign fopuld alfo fail, tneii to attempt fome rich towns, according as Captain Dampier foould think fit : And, after that, we were, at the ufiial time of the year, to go upon the coaft of Mexico to look for the ^g^eat: galeon whith trades frbrn Manilla, oiie of the Philip pine Iflands, to Acapulco, on the cpdft of Mexico, and which is cOmniOnly' reported to be worth fourteen millions ' of pieces of eight. The reafon we did not go %o Buenos Ayres was, becaufe, onbur arriyal at Ma deira, we had advice, that the galeons from thence were fafely arrived atTerieriff." "i^Ow well we purfued the latter part of our inftrucSions, the fubfequent hifto ry pf our voyage Will fufficiently 4eclare, in' which I have ufed the greateft fincerity and freedom, ' fetting down every thing that happeiied, ' in the manrier in which it happened,' with whatever appeared to me worthy the reader's notice, in the plairteft wayimagin- able: So that I flatter myfelf 'the whole will'be found ufeful; and that the latter part, efpecially, will be e- fteemed new, curious,' and entertaining, inafmuch as it contains m'anythihgs which have never hitherto been publifoed in bur language. ' ; ¦ . " We failed on April 33th, .170,;?, out of the Downs'; and, on May i8th, anchored at Kinfale \h Ireland. , Here we refitted and viftualled our foip, and were joined By the Cinque-pdrts ; and!, pn Septew ber nth, left Kinfale; and," on the 25th, we reached ihe Uand of Madeira, where wedidnbt anchor, but lay off-andron fof our bbits th'at were fent afoore for neceffaries. By a good obfervation, I make this ifland to lie in the latitude of 32 degrees' 20 minutes north, and longitude, by my account, from London, 18 de grees 5 minutes weft. We departed September 28th, ' , ¦ ' ¦ . ¦ and, TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 149 on the 3:'ilvi;- We were furprifed,' on the 19th. of the fame month, by feeing the coloiir of the waves of the fea changed into red for feven or eight leagues; though,, upon fpunding, TO jMAGELLANiCA y^. 155 fowndiilgi; wefcmnd no ground fSbr 170, fathoms; but, i7°4« upon-drawing up the water, and examining it clofely, ^"^ this accident appeared to be owing to a vaft quantity of fi:fiirfp»wn fwimming on the furface. We were now in the latitade of 1 6 degrees, 1 1 minutes fouth, and badohly forey-eight minutes variation to the eaftward, having failed by the three famous ports pf Arica, Tlo,, and Arequipa.. On M^^'ch 22d, we found ourfelves off the port of Lima, the capital of Peru., where we faw tiwo fail of fhips ftcering for that port i We prefently , gave chace, and foon came up with the fternmoft ; foe provedito be the foip we fought with off the Ifland of JttanFerfKoidei,. We were very eager to ftop her go ing in j for, if we could have done it, it would have Itihderedi the Spaniards, from having intelligf nee of us : Befidesv we did not queftion the taking of her, becaufe now our sneai iiirere in good health ; whereas, when we fought her before, we had between twenty and thirty very fick and weak ; but, being willing to foew them felves, they had done what they could. We confider ed alfb her guns, ammunition, and provifions would be very welcome to us ; fo we concluded to engage her ourfelves, and to- fend Captain Stradling after the other, which feemed not lb big ; bxxtCvpta\n Dampier di\d not think it advifeable to attack her ; and, whilft the mat ter was difputing, both the fhips got into Lima, from whence twenty fuch as ours could not have forced them out. This kind of proceeding gave great of- feace to moft of the crew, and bad confequences might have followed it, if we had not, in the fpace of a few days, taken two very confiderable prizes ; the firft of 150^ the fecond pf 200 tons, out of which we took what thought v/ould provemoft ferviceable, and then dif- miffed our prices, rj On April 5th, we began to pre pare for the great ftreske our captain had in his head, viz. that of landing on the coaft, and plundering fome rich city; with which view, oty: carpenters were order ed to fit up our launches, or Spanfh long-boats, fo as toland.our men with iafisty, and to fix two patererpes in each tS-6- W IL LI A M ¦ F U N N E LLv 1704- each launch. On the nth pf the fame mpnth, v^ ^"'"''^ took, as if foe had been fent-'on purpofe forourfer- , vice, a bark of about fifty tons, laden with plank and' cordage. I'his bark we took in fight of the Ifle pf Giftlo,. under which we anchored the next day with our prize, whieh we refolved to keep, in prder to make ufeofherin the intended expedition. This Ifl'and of Gcilto, it in 2 degrees,- 45" mimitesj latitude, longitude frotn London' weii 76 degrees, 3H minutes, diftant from; the main about five leagues, in length two' leagues, in breadth- one : When you are to thefoiithward of it, it appears in three hammocks, which, at a diftahce, look like three iflands ; and the land between each, is very low ; but when you are to rhe north-weft of it, at the fouth end, you- will fee a fmall ifland, or rather rock. Which looks much- like a lliip under fail; and, when you are at the north end, you wiU fo open the land, as that you will fee part of it does not join, to the ifland, as- it feems to do- when you are to the weftward of it. At the north-e-aft end of this ifland are three fmall iflands, or rather rocks; ^ One is pretty big, and, at a diftarice, looks like a barn," and the other like two fail of foips. At this ifland you- may fee the main land, which is very low near the wa- ter-lide,- but prodigious high up in the country. Here we anchored iri 35 fathoms water, two tables length from the ffiOre, hard fand. We anchored in the norch- weft part of the ifland ; the northermoft point bearing north half v/cft, the fouthermoft fouth-weft : The Watering place goes in with a full gap, over which, upon the hill, is a plain fpot of red earth, bearing. nortli-weft half north . Tho' there are alfo feveral other good watering-places upon this ifland ; yet on the- uorth-eaft part of Segnetta is the beft anchoring: Hete you may' wood and water, very fecure from any enemy. The iiland is very woody, affording large ti>mber, which is often fent in fliipping, up to the coalt of Peru. Here are fome wild monkies, 'with abundance i of li zards ; and a largiefort of lizard,; called a Lion-lizard -, thejf TO MAGELLANICA, :&t{ isf they are about the bignefs of a man's arm; I mea-1704.. fured one, which, from the head to the end of the'"'"'^' tail, was three feet eleven inches; he h-as a large fore of a comb upon his head, which ftands up fike an hel met, or ;head- piece, to defend his head; when he is affaulted or affrighted, he fets his comb up an end; but otherwife it lies down flat, in a deep dent in his head juft fitted to it; fo that, when it is down, it can hardly be perceived : He has two very large eyes, a large mouth, with a great many fmall foarp teeth. His fkin is very rough, of a dark colour, full of black, yellow, and blueifo, fpots :; In all other things he re fembles a , common lizard. When they are purfued, they will run very fwift ; yet our dog often catched them. After remaining here five days, we concluded to fail from hence ; but, juft as we were going to get up our anchors, we difcevored a foip ftanding in for;the ifland, which, when foe came very , near, we came out and tppk. She was a fmall veffel, of fifty tons, command-^ ed by. Meftize.. On board this ;fhip we found a Guern- yJ'j'^manj who had been taken by the Spaniards as he; was cutting logwood in the bay of Campeachy,..and had been in their hands above two years, and muft have ^rontinued a prifoner for life, if we had not releafed him. When, we failed from, the Ifland of :G alio, our refolution was to attack immediately the town of Santa. Mariai whieh ,lay to the northward, becaufe we ex- pefted to -find there great quantities of gold, ^brought thither ;from the adjacent mines of the lame name; but this defign unluckily mifcarrJed, whether through fear,, confufion, or the ene.mies having early intelligence, which enabled them to- lay ambufcades that cut oft' a- bundance of our men, I cannot pretend to determine. This, however, is certain, that, May ift, we , were fo fick of our fruitlefs attempts on fliore, that we refolved to go immediately on board, which accordingly we did ; but there we met with new difficulties; for fuch Was our fcareity pf proviGons, that five green- plantains were 1^5^ WILLIAM FUNNELL,. 1704. were ordered to be bpiled for every fix ilien. B6t„ f^ ^^''^ our great t-omfort, when. w« were ajnaoft out of hopes, as- well as patience, we obferved a fail, at- twelve tbisi night, which came to an anchor clofe: toy us. We fooa gotup our gaichor, and took her without asuy refift-- ance. She proved a great fhip of 150 tons :¦ She was deeply laden with flour, fugar, brandy, W'ine, abput 50 tpns of marmalade of quinces^ a CMfidetsabie qiBan- rity of fait, with fome tons, of Unen andwopllen cloth; fo' that no-w we might fupply ourfelves. with puGwifipnss for four or five years. I was put on board thisi prize on hehalf of Captain Damfier,aJn^ our foip's campainy • and the Mafter pf the Cinque'ports was pm on board as chief for Captain Slradlixg, and his fhip's CompajHy. We carried our prize into the bay of Panama ; artd^ on- the i^th, anchored under the I'liand of TobagO'.. Here Captain Dampier and Captain Str-adUng difagteed; and the q-aa*rel came at, laft to fuch- an height, ^hax. there was no pacifying them y fo thatj at laft, it was ccn- cluded to part company, all the men being' left at h- berty to> go- with which captain they plesrifed ; in cpn- "fequence of which, five of our men w-ent to Captairi- Stradling, and five of his- came to us* "We Were told by the prifoKiers, that there were 8000 dollars 01* board' our prize ; chat they were taken in by ftealth at Z-mi?, and lay at the bottom in the run of the foip. Our cap tain did not believe this, and was unwilli^jg to ftay longer, that we might have rummaged her to the bot- tpm, becaufe he thought lofs of time would mar hi^ greater defigns : Having, therefore, taken' out a quan tity of pro vvfion, foe wasdifmiffed; and we, on May ' 19th, parted from the Cinque-ports, intending to l>eat up ag-ain upon the coaft of Peru. June 7th, we faw a fail, gave chace, came up with her, and took her. She vVas about no tons, came from Truxilto, and was bound for Panama, . laden wich flour, fugar, brandy, &c. with fome hales of wrougho filk in her. We took a packet, which we opened i the firft letter we happened to read was from the cap tain TO MAGELLANICA, <^(j. 155 tain of 'the Frmci^ihhp we fought off the Ifland of Juan i?"*' Fernandez, -amd met with again off the Port of Lim^a : *"'^ it was directed to the Pi«efident of Pamama, and gave an account, " That he tbuigbt two EifgHfi privateers " pff the Ifland pf Fernandez; that the fmalleft of the " fvvo i&red but eight or ten guns at him, and then *' fell a-ftern, and did not come up again during the *' fight, as he believed, for want of wind ; that the *' ,gneat foip (meaning us) fought him broadfide and ** broadfide fior more than fix fcours ; tliot we killed *' them a grcatmany men; and that, at his coming to " Lima, be fent afliore thirty-two of his men, each of *' which had either loft a leg, an arm, or an eye; and " that it wa§ a great chasice we had not taken him ; ?' for that, at our parting, they had given themfelves *' over as l«ft, not having men to defend themfelves." We alfo had -an account, by other letters, that the two Fr^chneji which we faw off the ifland Juan Fernandez, had met witih a boat at fea, in which there were an En^Ufloman and a dog: (this was the boat which belonged to Captain Stradling, and which broke loofe f*om him as we chafed the French foip -off Juan Fer nandez :)- That the faid two iruKci* 'foips had been in at Juan^emandeZ), and had tak-en up our anchors, cables, •kwjg-bdat, with -all Captain StradUn'g's ftores, '^andWs five men, and our Negro, which were left-there. We alfo had advice, that the Spaniards had fitted out ;i:'Wo men of war againft us ; the one of thirty- fWo brafs guns, twenty-four poiunders each; the other erf" thirty- fix guns, of the fame bignefs. That each of them had 350 feamen, and 150 foldiersu, choice men; and that tliey lay .cruifing.-for us in the b-iy of Guaiaquil, between Point St. Helena and Cape Btanee, from the 7th to the 1 2th. We were forced to go away with an eafy fail, becaufe of our prize, which failed very heavy; and, feeing it was likely to be a great hindrance to us, in beating to windward, we concluded to go into fome .fibce to rummage her: -Accordingly, the fame day, we went into Sarditlas bay, and anchored with our prize f€o WILLIAM FUNNELL, 1704. prize in ten fathpms Water, abput four jniles off foore ; ''"'"^ We durft not venture any nearer in, becaufe of fo many; fopals ahd banks of fand, which lie off it, and which' were . very iniperfeftly laid down in all our draughts. ' The fea- coaft here is inhabited by Indians, but they are not very numerous. Here are fevejal fmall rivers, which -run with frefo water down to the fea-fide; and from this place, by the fea-fide, all along to the fouthward, till you come to; the Bay of Taiames, are white cliffs, .and many fopals, as far as>tb Point Gallera. From this Bay of Sardinas, fix 'leagues to the fouthward, is the great river of 5/. Jago, the mouth of which is about . three quarters of a mile over; but there is np good anchoring, unul you are gdtwithin the mouth. This river is feldom made ufe of by foipping, it lying out of the way; only in cafe of necellity, or by chance, they put in for refreffirnent; for here is pfenty of all forts of provifions. ' It hath, on the fea-fide, fourteen or fifteen pieces of broken ground, of a whirifo colour; and, at the jiofth-end of them, is the Bay of Sardinas, wherein .we careened our foip, and rummaged our prize, and watered .at one of the frefo-water rivers, the water pf which was white like fnilk, and. both fmelled and tafted very "much of rnuflc, occafioned by many alligators fwimming in it. We foot feveral of them, one of which rneafured thirty feet in length, and was bigger about than a large bullock. This creature is very full of great fcales, from th0 neck to the end of his tail : He has a very lairg^ foarp fef of teeth, with very long claws on his feet: It isan amphibiOus crea ture, living on land, as wellas in water;' 'when they are lying on foore, they lopk like a great "tree fal- fen down, and for fuch one would take thefo" af'a diftance.. They will run very faft on the land,, and- are of fuch ftrength, that they will take an horfe or cow, and carry it down to the water, and there devour it. They will feize on any thing, as well pn land as in the ¦-waterl fb M A (^ ELL A NIC A, Set. i6i water; and commonly make great haVock amongft cat- 1704. tie, if there be any hear the place where they harbour, ^"^^ which is ufually ih frelh-Water rivers. The Indians are not greatly afraid of them, neither in the water, nOrou land. They run in a circle, and this great creature is not able to turn his Unwieldy body fo quickly, but that they eafily get from him. The Indians likewife go into the water, to feek them, with a piece of irOn, like an harpoon at both ends, and two pieces Of iron acrofs. This they hold by the middle in their hand ; and the alligators^ when they bite; raife their heads oUt of the water. Then the Indians hold out this piece of iron to them ; at which they bite; and it faftens in their mouth, and keeps it open like a gag. The females lay eggs, about 100 at a time. Thefe eggs are about the big nefs of a gabfc's ; but the fliell is aimoft as thick as an oftrich's. 1 have feen mariy of them ; they are quite round. The flefli of the alligators is hot fit to be eatehj it hteing very ftrong ahd muflcy ; nay; the very water of the rivers; which they Were, in, tafted fo ftrong of them, that is, of muflc, that a draught of it would ai moft fuffocate us. But, notwithftanding it is fo naufeous, there are rio inftances of its doing any fort of prejudice to the cdnftitutions of fuch as drink it. On June 2r, being off the Bay of Guaia'quil, we faw a fail; and camfe up with her the next day; This hap pened, to be one of thofe Spaniftj men of war fitted out bn purpofe to take Us, and a foip of thirty-two guns. Being pretty near each other; they gave us a broadfide; but we did not mind them. All our care was to get the weather-gage ; in order to which, while we carried too much fail; and the wind blew very frefo, our fore- topmaft unfortunately came by the board; Immedi ately we got our hatchets, and cut all clear away ; and our captain ordered the helm to be clapt a-'.weather, and bore away. The enemy, feeing this, immediately bore away after Us, with all the fail they could, hoping to tome up ; for now they doubted not they foould take us. We, obferving that our running had increafed their ieourage, refolved to lie by, and fight it out. Captain Voi,. III. X Danipier'a^ i62 WILLIAM FUNNELL, J 704. Dampier's opinion was, that he could fail better upon '"''^ one maft than the enemy, and therefore it was beft to put before the wind; but, however, chofe rather to fight, 'than to be chafed afoore : So, hoifting the bloody flag at the main topmaft-head, with a refolution neither to give nor take quarter, we began the fight, and went to it as faft as we could load and fire. The • enemy kept to windward, at a good diftance from us; fo that we could not come to make ufe of our fmall- arms : But we divided the two watches ; and one was to manage the guns, whilft the other looked on ; and, when thofe at the guns were weary, the others were to take their places, till they had refrefoed themfelves. By this means we fired, I believe, five guns to the enemy's one. We fired about 560, and he about 1 10 or xry; and we fought him from twelve at noon, -to half an hour paft fix at night, although at a good diftance ; for he kept fo far to windward of us, that our fliot fometimes would hardly reach him, though his would, at the fame time, fly over us. At half an hour paft fix, it growing dufk, they left off firing ; and we did the lame. We had none of our men either killed or wounded by the enemy; only two, through careleffnefe, had their hands and faces blafted. We lay by all night, and, in the morniag betimes, looked out for our enemy, expeiSling to have had another brufh with him ; but, contrary to our expedation, he had made, fail from us, in the night. Captain Dampier told us, that his intention was now to leave the coaft of Peru, in order to go and get provifions in the Bay of Tacames. Accordingly, having weather ed Point Gallera, we anchored in that bay, and fent our boat afoore, with twenty men, to look for provi fions ; but they foon returned on board again, v/ith a very untoward account, viz. that they had met indeed v/ith an Indian village of about, fifty houfes j but that the inhabitants had abandoned it, and had left nothing behind them in their houfes. . In the river, however, we found a fine bark, of the burden of about fifty tons, with as much new plank by her, as wouid-have ferved to ¦ TO MAGELLANICA, £jff. 163 to build another of the fame fize. We likewife tpok 1704. another tmall bark of about ten tons, laden with plan *^^^ tains. This bark we intended to keep inftead of a long boat. She had two mafts, and two fquare fails ; and, when we had fitted her for Our purpofe, we called her the Dragon. The country. hereabouts is very pleafant, and well wooded and watered, with all the conveniency imaginable. About feven leagues to the northward lies the Bay of St, Matthew. The land about it is very high, and has a great many fooles' running from it two leagues into the fea; and for three or four leagues, the water is foallow, that is, from four to fix fatho.ms, where it is deepeft. Southward and northward to the fea there are white cliffs, ?ind the bay lies between them. In the bot tom of the bay there are two rivers, that empty them felves into the fea ; but they are both what the feamen- call aiiigator-water, that is, white and muflr twenty in aelutter, hanging by a fmall ftring, which.isi^ll of joints. The plantain-tree is. about thir»- teen or fourteen feet ix\ height, .and about four feet round. The leaves of the tree are about eight or nine feet long, and two feet broad, and end in a round point: The fruit grows at the bottom of the leaf, upon a great ftalk, in a cod about eight inches long, and, of the, 'bignefs of a black-pudding. The cod is of a fine yel low; TO MAGELLANICA, ^c. , 165 fowcotour, often fpeckled with red. This being taken 1704. off, the infide of it is white ; but the plantain itfelf is ^'^''^ yellow, fike butter, and as foft as a ripe pear. There grow fifty or fixty fometimes upon a ftalk, and five or fix ftaiksupon a tree. They are an extraordinary good fruit ; and in moft parts of the Eaft and IVeft Indies there is great plenty of them. The banana-tree is much the fame, only the fruit is notfo long as the plantain, that being about eight inches long, and the banana not above fix. It grows in the fame manner as the plantain, fifty or fixty in a clufter upon one ftalk. The fruit is very mellow, and extraordinary fweet and good. On July 31, we left the Bay of Tacames, and carried our little priye, named the Dragon, with us, notdefigning to touch at any place, till we came to the Gulf of Ni- coya. We failed from the Bay of Tacamts crofs the Bay of Panama^ ;and from thence continued our voyage to the QyAfofNicoya, where, on Auguft 16, we anchored near certain iflands, which the Spaniards, from their tjeing feated near tlie centre of the bay, call the Middle Iflands; and, the next morning, our captain and car penter went in a canoe, to fee if a prpper place fpr ca reening could be found'amongft them. In the evening of- the fame day, whife we were employed in dreffing a couple of turtles, which the captain had brought oh board, our little prize came to us again. They had been up the^rwer Changel, and found two, or three /«'- «//««;, houfes, and fome -plantain-walks. The Indians climbed the trees, and cut down from them as many plantains ^asthey would have. They found alfo two ca noes 'haled: upon the fand, and brought them both off. In their v/ay, they caught eight turries, and eat nothing of their own provifions, but fed upon turtle during the time they were-away from us. They gave us an ac count, that they had found out a very good arid fecure place at the Ifland 5^. Lucas for us to lay our foip afliore in; thatit was in a fine deep bay, which, at the en trance, was- not above a - piitol-foot over ; that, with five i66 WILLIAM FUNNELL, i704.five or fix glins uppn each point at the entrance, we ^'"'^ might fp fortify ourfelves, that no enemy durft approach us ; fpr that ten pf us might defend ourfelves againft 500. However, we found the Midale Ifland to be as convenient as any place could be ; and, our captain feeming to like the place, and. knowing we could for tify ourfelves here, and With as little trouble, we chofe it. Accordingly; on the 18th, it; being fair weather, and calm, we towed our foip in ^mpngft the ifland,s, and lay within a ftpne's eaft pf the fhpre all round, with pne anchor a-head, and; a cable out at our ftern, which was made faft to a great tree on the foore. As fpon as we had faftened our foip, all hands went afoore, and be gan to build tents for our cooper and fail-maker t6 Work in, and to put our goods and provifions in. In the, mean time, our chjef mate was fent in the fmall bark called the Dragon, with twenty men armed, and two patereros, to cruife in the Gulf; where after he had cruifed five or fix days, he returned with a Spanifh bark of about forty tons. She had in her fome few jars of brandy. With wine, and fome fugar. They were going, to repair her, foe being very old ; and for that purppfd had five pr fix carpenters and caulkers pn board, who came very opportunely to help us to repair our foip j for we had gre^t need of workmen. We took out Our powder, foot, and all our ammunition, with all our bread, fOme of our flour, and two quarter-deck-guns, and put them on board this laft bark. Then we got all the reft of our things afoore, and made every thing' ready for cleaning our foip. The bpttpm of it was, in many places, eaten like an honey-comb ; infomuch that; the firm plank Was not thicker than an old fixpence:; Nay, in' fome places in the hpld, we could thruft pur; thumbs quite thrpugh with eale. Our foip being in this condition, and we in want of planks to new-bpt-' tom her, our carpenter was forced to make an hard,: foift, and ftop the leaks as well as he could with nails and oakam. On September 2, the chief mate, Mr. Clip- . pingten, having quarrelled with. Captain Djampier,,drew over TP MAGELLANICA, 6r. 167 over pne and twenty men to his party; and, having '1704. made himfelf matter of the bark, in which was all our^""'^ ammunition, and the beft part of out provifions, got up her onchor, and went without the iflands, from whence he fent us word, that he wpuld put afopre our powder, foot, and other ammunition, (referving only what was requifite for his own uie,) in an Indian houfe; which he did accordingly, and we fent our cances to fetch it onboa rd. Thefe iflands are extremely pleafant and fruitful, abounding with all things requifite to life ; fuch as fifo of various kinds, and very gpod birds of different forts; and of amphibious creatures fuch as are moft admired, and of the greateft ufe, particularly turtles and guanas. But, as. general defcriptions are feldom fatisfadtory, I will enter into a more diftinft account of the creatures moft remarkable here, whether birds, beafts, or am phibious animals. The maccaw is a very beautiful bird; his feathers of all the colours in the rainbow. In point of fize, he refembles an hawk ; in foape a parrot, pnly bis bfll is perfedly white, and his feet and legs are ab folutely black. The carrion-crow is as big as a final! ttirkey, and, in all refpecl:s, very like one ; for I never faw any difference, either in colour or foape. The flefo of them both fmells and tafteis fo ftrong of mufk, that there is no eating of it. Thefe creatures commonly re- fort to places where any dead creature is, and feed upon it ; for which reafon they are called carrion : But the reafon why they are called crows, I know not ; for they are nothing like them. The pelican is aimoft aS big as a fwan. Its colour is inclinable to white; only the tips of its wings are brown. It hath a long bill, of about twenty inches, with a very large crop joining to the lower pact of. his bill, and fo defcehdincr by the throat like a bag or fatehel, very obfervable, and of a largenefs aimoft beyond credit, into which it re ceives oyfters, cockles, conCbs, &c. or any other foell* fifo ; which being not abfe to break, it retains them until they open, and then, vomiting them up, picks out m WILLIAM' FtfNNELL^ 3 704; out. the meat. As for their makingr a hole in thenr breaft, to give their bloOd, to their young,- 1 dp not be-s lieve.it; nor ever few any fuch. thing,' although f have feen thoufands, tboth young and old,- togctheri and have eaten many" of them. They are .good food ; only they tafte fifoy. They have broad feet, like a duck,^ heing water-fowls,- but theyrooft commpnly on rocks,' and in trees, and always fit -With their heada to the wind; fo that, if the wind changes while they are, at rooft, they turn about their heads to it. They are heavy ¦birds;- and fly very flow ; and always, whvfi they fitj either on rocks, trees;' or in the water,- they reft their bills upon their crop. The guana is a fort of creaturej fome of which are found on the lahd^ and forne in the water. It is abput threefeet lpng< more or lefs, and is a very ugly creature to look atj having greats foarp,- black and green fcales, frpm the forfe part of his head 10 the end ofhis tail; and a fet of great fliarp teeth, with four Ipng claws uppn each foot. They breed cpm mpnly in the rpots of old trees, near the water fide, and fiequent the water as Well as the land. When "they are ftewed wiiih a little fpice; jhey make good broth ; and the ffefo fpoks very, whitej and eats weU'; but, if they are not extraordinary well boiled, they are Very dan gerous to eat, making men very fick, and often put- tins; them into a fever. . . i„v , There are feyeral forts of fea-turtles; butwe accounf,- the green turtle the beft meat. They haVe feveral. iflands and fandy bays, ^where they go to lay their eggs^ which they do, in different plates, at different times.. And therefore at one, or at feveral of thofe places, their feafon of laying is always the fame, yet, in differ-> ent places, their feafons' are difiierent. • I have been at the catching pf them' in mpft times of the :year, and commonly found them full of eggs. When they want CO lay, they, gp afoore in fome fandy bay, and, with their fins, make an hole in the fand about two feet and an half deep, wherein they lay their eggs, commonly about eighty or ninety at a time. Then they cover them up TO MAGELLANICA, 6-^. i6c) up with the fand they fcraped out of the hole ; and fo i7°4* leave them for the heat of the fun to hatch. Thus, ^"''"^ they lay two or three times in a feafon; and, after they have laid, they gd off to fea, and leave the young, when hatched, to fliift for themfelves, which, as foon as they get out Of the foell and fand, rerire to the wa ter. The eggs are round, about the bignefs of a duck's, with a white, thin, tough fkin over them ; but no flieil. Both the eggs ahd the turtle are extraordi nary good food. I have feen of this fort of green tur tle feveral times from 20b to 356 and 400 weight. The lean of them, before it is dreffed, looks like beef; but the fat is as green as grafs, and yet it is very wholefome food. The pearl-Oyfter is much about the bignefs of our common oyfter ; but flat and broad. It hangs on the rocks by a long ftring- beard, like a muf- ' cle. The pearl lies in the thickeft part of it. Some have fix or 'feven pearls in them. The Spaniards make feveral voy'ages to this Gulf of Nicoya-, and to the Iflaiid California, for them. ' Thelndidns go down in feven or eight fathoms water, and bring up eight, ten, or twelve oyfters at a time, while the men on board open them. The rrieat of this oyfter is very green, and the oyfter very fat : i have eat of this oyfter feveral times, both boiled and ftewed, and found them to be toler ably 'good.' ' The great' oyfter grows to the rocks, as other oyfters, not hanging to them by a beard, as the pearl-oyfter: When they 'are opened, one paft looks of a fine red, like a cherry, the other parris of a fine white : 1 have often eat of this fort of oyfter, but it was for want of better viftuals : They are fo large, 'that one of them cut in pieces, and ftewed, is fufficient for amedl for' five or fix men. The mufcl'cs here are foJarge, that one of them, when drefled, will fuffice two men; and they are tolerable good victuals, when ftewed with pep per and vinegar:' And though it may be true, that, in our own country, thefe would fcarce go down; yet it muft be obferved, that our nicety in eating is pretty Vol.' III. '. Y well 170 WILLIAM FUNNELL, 1204- •well conqiiered' before any of thefe difoes come to otfr ''^tables. , ¦" ¦ We failed from the Middle Iflands pn September 23, and, on Oftober 7 th, we were in the latitude of 15. degrees, 7. minutes norrh^- where we had fight of the two high mountains, commonlyr though I think im properly, ftiled the Volcanps of Guatimala. The firft of thefe, which is the higheft, and affords a moft beau tiful profpeft, lies on the north fide of the city ; and,, in the year 1534, threw out a torrent of water. Which totally overwhelriied it, and occafioned the building of the new city at three leagues diftance. The other mountain, which is properly a volcano, lies on the fouth ; and in the rainy feafons, from April to No vember, rages moft terribly. It fometimes throws out ftones as big as a houfe; and this, with fuch mon- ftrous eruptions of flame, that, at the diftance of fix miles, in a dark night, you may fee to read a letter. We took, on the 9th, a bark of abput eighty tons in balaft, bound for Rio Leja. She had a fmall quanti ty pf provifions on board, which were very acceptable to us. This bark was commanded by one Captain Chriftian Martin, a Spaniard, born at the Caparies.y but brought up in London; he was fervant formerly tp Captain Eaton, and came with him into the South Seas in quality pf his gunner j but, falling out with the mrn, ran away from them at the Ifland Gorgonia, where he lay concealed fix days, till the fhip was gone ; after which he cut down two trees, which he drew to the water-fide, and bound them together with twigs ; fixed a maft ; and, of two foirts which he had with hira, made a fai} ; and, having filfed a large bag with oyf ters, whi^ he made faft to the faid two trees,, he, in the morning betimes, put off from the Ifland (loKgo- via ; and, in the next day in the afternoon, got into the xise!; of Bonaventure, ^vliere he went afhore, and had but ill ufage frpm the Spaniards, who fent him to Lima, where he was examined, cleared himfelf, and was fet at liberty. He fpoke very gppd Englift:. We were, TP MAGELLANICA, 6-c. lyi were, at this rime, fijcty-fpur men and bpys, all in 1704. gpod health, and in extreme high fpirits. On No- ^"^^ 'vember 23, we tpok aftnall bark, of fixty tons, from California, laden with' plank, but having on board, likewife, feveral parrcels of pearl that had been fifoed upon that coaft. Oh December 4th, we came into the Bay of Nativiiy, in which we tdok a new foip, of the burden of about fixty tbris, laden w/th ammuni- rion and military ftores for the Ufe of the Acapulco foip, fpr which we were-cruifing, arid fpr the fight Of which our people longed as earneftly, as if there had been no difference between feeing and taking her; neir- ther'was it long before they had their wifo in Onfc re- fpedt, though not in another. We took Out of our prize as much of the ammunition as was left ;' for, when they perceived our defign, the foip's company quitted her, having firft thrown over-board the beft part of their cargo, and left the reft fcattered about in the utmoft confufion. Being off the volcano of Colima, on December 6th, in the morning, we difcovered a fail, and foon came ,up with her. This proved to be the great Manilla or Acapulco(hip, which we had been fo long wifoing toniee't with. As we were well-provided. We gave her a great many bfoadfides, before fne could get any of her guns clear; for they did not fufpeft us to be an enemy, and were not at all prepared for us. Captain Martin, who was then a prifoner on board us, advifcd to lay her a- board immediately, while they wete all in a horiy, and that this would be the only way to take her • butx if we gave them fp miich time, as to get out their great guns, they would certainly beat us to-pieces, and we fhould lofe ah opportunity of making ourfelves mafters of the value of fixteen millions of pieces of eight : And accordingly it happened ; for time being delayed in quarrelling between thofe of us that would lay her aboard, and thofe that would not, the enemy got out a tier of guns, and then wei'e too hard for us ; fo that we could not lie along her fide to do her any confider- Y 2 abfe .172 WILLIAM FUNNELL, i7°5-able damage ; for our five pound foot, which was the ^^y^ biggeft we had, fignified little againft fuch a foip as fhe was ; but any of her, fhot, which were eighteei? and twenty- four pounders, if they happened, to ftrike us, our foip, being very much decayed, it woul^ drive in a piece of plank pf three or four feet : So bet ing much damaged, and receiving a foot particularly from the enemy betwixt wind and water, in.our pow der-room, by which we had two feet of plank driven in on each fide the ftern, the fignal was made to ftand ofii"from the enemy. Our defign being thus difap- ppinted, all Pur men grew difcontented, and were for going home, knowing we would do no good in thef^ parts, either for ourfelves or owners, having provifion but for three rnpnths, and that very foort, and our foip being ready of herfelf to fall in pieces., Our captain defired our confent to cruize here fix weeks ¦ longer, and then he would permit us to go for India-, to fome fadory, where we might all difpofe of our felves as we, foould think moft for our advantage. To this we all agreed, and accordingly cruized along foore to the eaftward, in fight of the land ; and paffed by ' feveral noted ports, as Acapulco, Port Angels., Port Guar iulco, and feveral others. We now intended to go in fcarcfiof a proper place to water our fliip and bark, fpr our propofed voyage to the Eaft Indies ; and, after fome confideration, we fixed upon the Gulf of Ama- palla for that -purpofe, '" • ' f-- January 5th,' 1705, we rnet with fuch vaft quanti-!- ^ies of fifh, that, in half an hour's time, we caugh^ • near threefeore albicores, from fixty ;to ninety. pounds weight each, befides vaft quantities of other fifo. The albicore is ^bout four or five feet in, length; weighing frpm 50 tP 100, and 150 pounds weight : He hath e- leven fibs Pn.his back, one pretty large one, one middling' one, and nine fmall yellow ones hear the tail: lie hath one large fin on oi'.e fide near the gills, and twelve fins under his belly ; one on each fide un derneath near the gillsj one near the middle of the bel-^ '7. TO -MAGELLAN I G A, &c. ' 173 Jy, and nine fmall yellow, fins extending to his tail. It 170.S: is a,very flefliy fifo, having little or no bones, except ^'^'^' tlie back-bone, and is extraordinary good: Itisaprp- digipus ftrpng fifli when in the water : They prey mpftly uppn flying-fifo, as dp the dplphins and, bone- toes. On the. ^th of this month, a new revolution happened, in our affairs ; for thirty of our men agreed with Captain Dampier, to remain with him in the South Sep, but with what view, or on what terms, remained to us, wlip were not pf that number; an im penetrable fecret. Our company confifted of thirtyr three men ; and, notwithftanding what had happened, we failed together, according to our firft refolution, for the Gulf of Amapalla, where we arrived, and anchor ed, oh the 26th.' The very fame day, all the provi fions that were left were equally divided among us by the owners agent ; and we had four pieces of cannon, with a proper proportion of fmall-arms and ammuni tion, alflgned us for our defence in our voyage. The next care was to take in water ; and, with this view, we landed on the ifland ofConchagua; and, after fome fearch, we found behind the hills a large bottom, in which was a large plantain-walk, and a great deal of rain-water that fell from the mountains. This was very inconvenient for us ; becaufe,- lying fo behind the hills, we knew we muft be forced to carry all our wa ter over a high hill, which we could hardly climb by ourfelves: But feeing there was no. remedy, we firft cut down the bufoes, which were in our way, to make us a clear path; after which, the hill being pretty fteep on the land-fide towards the bottom, wherein was the frefo water, we, with our axes and foovels, cut out fteps in the hill ; and our fail-maker having, in the mean time, made us a canvas-pipe of about ninety fa thoms long, to carry our water from the top ot the hill down to our caflc, Which lay at the foot of it, we went to work to fill our water, each man having with him a fix gallon cafk. The water which we took up •yiras very muddy; aiid, on the top of it, grew duck weed. 174 WI-L LI-AM FURkTEL'L, ' ^i^^- weed, as it dpes ufually in pur ditches : At firft we """^ raked the dutk-weed away ; but pyf dptftor perfuading lis; that if We tOok up, the weeds, they would mighti ly preferve bur Water, we, according tO his advice, took up both weeds and water tpgether. When each mkn had filled his fix- gallpri Cafk, he carried it up tp the top of the hill, and then poured it into' the can- •VaS-pipe, Which cdrtveyed it dpwn the hill intp Our caflc. ThttSwe employed oupfelVes ,for four days; and, having filfed about twenty-five tons, which •we con-^ eluded wpnld laft longer than our viftuals, and got it on bOard our veffel, the next day, being January 3 1, I fog, we all went alhore to 'the plantajn-^walk ; arid^ having cut down a fufficient quantity of them, we re turned at night on board our vefiej, intending to fail next day. This evening, twp of our men, who had refolved to ftay with Captain Dampier, left him, ahcj came over to us ; fo that now we were thirty-five in nfoftiber, wz. thirty -four\E«^///Z', and one little negro boy, whom we had t^ken from the Spaniards. During the time of our watering our bark, the men on board the foip, belonging to Captf in Dampier, were bufy irt refitting .their fhip as well as they could: The' carpen ter flopped the foot-holes, which they had in their powder-room, with tallow 'and charcoal, not dirifig, as he faid, to drive in a nail, for fear of making it wprfe; and the four great guns, which ufuafly ftood between decks, were put down into the hold, there being fixteen befides, which wa.« more than they had . mtn to maiiage ; for there, remained with theni b6 mbre than twenty-eight men and bOys, and moft of them landmen ; which was a very infignificant force, for one who was to make war on a whole nation. We left the Gulf of Amapalla on February \, 1705', and Captain Dampier, with, his foip the St, George, at anchor in it. We fteered out betWeeh the Giilf of Amapalla and the Ifland Mangera, and many times had not abpVe twp fathoms water. We had a fine gale of wind at, north-eaft, which foon' carried us out of the mpiith, TO MAGELLANICA, fcfr. i'j^ mouth of the Gulf So Ipng as we h^d been in any 1705. pf the harbpurs on this coaft of Mexico, we hfid fel- ^-'^ dpm been allpwed any thing bfUt flpur, excepring that we iifed tp gp afopre, and found uppn rhe rpcks ftpre pf cphchs, pyfters, mufcels, fiiails, &c. pf which we made many a gpod meal. But now, being in hopes of getting into a land of plenty, we bore hunger with more patience ; and, indeed, we had need pf great pa tience ; fpr npw our commons were leffened to half a- ppundof c6virfeflouraman/>/?rday, with two ounces of fait meat every other day. Our veffel was a fmall bark, with two mafts, of about feventy tpns, which we bad taken frpm the Spaniards ; but, whilft we lay he;re, flie was fo eaten by the worms, that foe began to grow ve ry leaky; and, to add to our afllidtions, we bad no carpenter ; neither, if any of us foould fall fifk, had we any do6tpr, or any medicines to make ufe ,of; and, which was worft of all, we had no boat to affift our felves, if our veffel fopuld fail us ; for the doftor, car-: penter and boa.t, were left with Captain- Dampier : Yet, trufting to God's providence, who had ,^ready delivered us out of fo many dangers, we pro,ceede4 on our intende/i vpyage to India. A Jbplder^ attempt than this, all circumftances confidered, -y/a^ perhaps never made by fuch an handful of men ; and nothing but a defire, of feeing our country, could have fup^ ported us under it. The very profpeft of the difficulties that, we were fure to go through, gave us fpirits to provide againft them ; and we held, on this occafion, a kind of coun cil, in which we determined on two things j" the firft was our courfe, and the latter was our allowance. We knew very well, that the wind we then had was only a land-wind; andthat, by running one hundred leagues to fea, we ihould meet with the true trade -wind, blow - ing either north-eaft, or" eaft-north-eaft. Our bufinefs was then to get into the latitude of 13 degrees nprth, which is that of the ifland of Guam, and then to bear away befoje tlie wind. It was on February ad, that we 176 WiLL'lAM FUNNELL, . 1705. we determined thefe points. All that day, and moft '^^"'^ of the night, was fine calm weather ; fo that we caught abundance of yellow-tails, which were fwimming a- bout our veffel. This'fifo is about four feet in length, and has twenty fins on his back ; One middling one near the; hinder-part of his head, one large one near the middle of his back, , and eighteen fmall ones, ftretching from the large one to his tail. He has two large fins n'ear bis gills, one on each fide; and thir- ' teen under his belly, w'z. one middling one under neath the gifls, one large one near the middle of his^ belly, which goes in with a dent, and eleven fmafl ones, ftretching from the large one to his tail, which is half-mooned : He has a very large head, a great eye, and is extraordinary good-food. , It is -very flefoy, having.no bone but the back-bone : Thefe fifo, when taken by us, looked very white, but the tips of their fins and tails were yellOw ; and for this reafon; we call ed them Tellow-fails. They were very welcome to us; for, whilft they lafted, which was three days, we fa ved pur provifions, feeding upon nothing elfebut this fifo. On February 3d, the firft part of the day, it was calm ; in which time, five or fax turtles coming near the veffel,' we caught two of them, which ftill ferved to help us, and fave our fea-ftores, which o- therwife had not been fufficient to keep us from pe- rifoing. v On the evening of the fame day, we had the land- wind at north-eaft, a fine brifl-c gale ; and, therefore we took our departure from Mount St. Michael, in the Gulf of Amapalla ; and continued our courfe fouth- weft, and fouth-weft-by-wcft, till we were in the lati tude of 10 degrees; and then, finding we had the trade-wind, we bore away weft-north-weft, according to our former refolution. The next thing we did, was to make ftudding-fails out of our main-fail, and main-top-fail; we got our ftudding-fail up by' day break every niorning, and at fun-fet hauled them down again ; for it 'commonly blew fo frefh in the TO MAGELLANICA. ^c. 177 the night, that we were forced to fet our top-fail, and, 1705. with the rifing of the .fiin the wind abated ; yet we ^"""^ always had as much as we cobld Well carry with our ftuddihg-fails. We continued, during our whole voy age, to adhere fteadily tp that rule of diet, which we had prefcribcd ourfelves ; and of the flendernefs of which the reader will be a proper judge, when I enter a fittle into particulars. From the third to the laft of February, we fed entirely upon plantains, makihg two meals a-day, and allowing each man two plantains at a ¦foeal. We then had recourfe to our flour,. of which half a- pound a-day was allowed to each man, and eve ry other day two ounces of fait beef or pork ; but the meat had been fp long in felt, that, when we boiled it, it forunk one half ; and therefore we concluded, that it would be better to eat it raw, which we did, fo long as it lafted', all the voyage after : But, in the begin ning of the month of April, that began tO fail, fo that we Were forced to have recourfe to flour alone ; which, befides its being rneafured out to us in fo feanty a pro portion, as half a-pound to each man for a whole day, was likewife very much fpofled, being full of mag ged, fpiders, and other vei-min ; fo that nothing but the extremity of want coUld oblige us to eat it. It is, indeedi furprifing to behold this ftrange change, and to perceive flour, that a few days before was white and fine, in a manner all ahve, the maggots tumbling one oyer another. On ftri(5t inquiry, however, it feems, this change is produced by the eggs pf fpiders depofit- ed amongft it ; for, out of thefe, the maggots are bred, v/hich fedvoracioufly on what afforded them a kind of heft; till fiich time, as the.y became living creatu-es. It muft be confeffed, th^t words very faintly deferibe the miferies of fuch a life as this ; but then it muft be confidered, that Work makes' the time pafs away ; arid that the hopes of accomplifoing a very difficult vpy- age, keeps up mens fpirits, and gets the better pf their apprebenfions of fi.u-king under it. ,^pme' little bccafional afliftances we met with in this long courfe. Vol. III. Z ' ' fuch I7S WILLIAM FUNNELL. J705- fuch as fometimes catching a dolphin ; at other times we faw many fea-birds, fuch as boobies, noddies, &c. which would come and fettle upon our Veffel, and hap- ^py was he that could catch one of the.m. In this man ner we paffed away about ten weeks ; at the end of which we were in a very melancholy condition, arid nothing, but the hopes of fpeedily feeing land, could pofRbly have kept us from' defpairing; bxit, as this was daily expe our main-ftay, and twp pf Our fore-forpuds. As foon 1705!. as the fquall was over, it fell calm ; and then we had ^''^ fo great a lea, occafioned, as 1 believe, by the meet ing of feveral currents, that, we thought, our bark could not hold it put, foe labpured fp much ; and the fea took us fp on all fides, that we were aimoft covered with water. On the 26th, it fprung up a fine frefli gale at fputh-eaft : Whereupon, knowing we could not weather the fooals, we tacked, < and ftood away north-eaft for the Ifland of Amboyna. On the 27th, the wind continuing, we held the fame courfe ; and, on the 28th, early in the morning, faw the Ifland of Amboyna, bearing due north, diftant about fix leagues : So we ftood away direftly for the ifland, and, by noon-, came juft off the harbour; a joyful fight to us then! though we had, foon after, caufe to look upon it as the worft fight we had ever feen : So frail are the hopes of man, and fo apt are we to defire what leads to our own deftruftion ! ' As we entered the harbour of Amboyna, we met with , two foips coming out, laden with cloves, and bound for Batavia. The captain of one of thefe foips came on board usj defired to know whence we came; whi ther bound, and a journal of our voyage, promifing tp return it, when he fhould meet us at Batavia. We gave him the beft anfwer we could to all his deinands; and our owners agent gave him a fuccinfl: relation of our voyage ; whieh was a very happy accident, fince to it we owed our prefervation, as will be foewn here after. •« That night we ftood in to the harbour; and, the next morning, which, according to our account, was Tuefday, but with them Wednefday, two Dutch orambica (for fo they call the veffels which they ufe there) came on board us, each rowed, or rather pad dled, by forty me. In thefe veffels came the fifcal, fe- cretary,- feveral Dutch gentlemen, and about eighty foldiers, who took poffdfion of our bark. They alfo went down and fealed up all our chefts ; and the^ two ©rambies towed us in ; and, by noon, we gpt Up as high ' , as * igo WILLIAM 'FUNNELLi 1705, as 'the.tPwn, where they moored our .veffel in the cpm"' ^""^ mon anchoring.-place. Here w-e continued -till the -31ft, not knowing how they defigned -to difpofe of us; in which time they would not afford us -any viduals, though we offered itfaem a crown for -a pound of beef, Pork, or;bread. In -the evening, we were all fent on foore, where they had provided ' two i-oom,s for our reception, near the Stadthoufe ; and our Jaark, mo ney, and -goods, ^except what we had about us, were all .taken from us: And, foon after, our veffel and -goods were fold at a -public outcry. We were fed with ;very bad, meat, which we, who had been at foort allowance fo long, and our ftomachs v^ery weak, could ill digeft : and, if we would have better, we muft buy it with our own money. Several of us happened to havefOnie money about us, and, as long as that lafted, we bought our own victuals of our keeper for a ^a- hift} dollar,' .which was five foillings and ^ -penny value,' though he would give us no more than ¦ five Duti^ foilHngs, tothe valueiofabout'halfa crown ; arid, for this half-crown we could 'have no mpre viduals than we could have bought for fi.ve-pence, if we had been at liberty to go into the town ; fothatj inftead of ha ving five foillingsfor our 5/>a«^ dollar, we had indeed no moire than five pence. It cannot he expected, that, after, fuch hard Ufage as this, I foould be ex tremely fond of the Dutch government at Amboym; -However, the leifure I had, and the feveral opportu'- nities that offered, of inquiring into the prefent con dition of the place, led me to frame a pretty large, and, I will be bold to fay, juft account of that ifland, and all its'jnhabitants. This, 1 flatter myfelf, wifl be the more acceptable to the public, becaufe of the care taken by. the' Dutch _ to llifle all defcriptiohs of this place, even by their own people ; fo that I never heard of any lately printed : And this conduct of theirs is founded on a ma'iixm of the Eaft- India Qomparxy, viz. that the beft way to preferve their trade in thofe parts, and particularly their monopoly of fpices, is to con trive to MAGELLANICA, 191 triye every poffible method for deterring other narions 1705. from fending foips into that part of the world, and to'-'^^ ufe iiieh as ftraggle thither in fuch a manner, as to fright their countrymen effedually from following their example. , This Ifland of Amboyna, fo fampus, pr rather infa mous, for the cruelties that were formerly committed there by the Dutch upon the Englijh, is in length from north-eaft to fouth-weft, twelve leagues. It is high and mountainous. The hills are, in a great meafure, bar ren : but the valleys are very fruitful. The foil is black, and the furface affords faltpetre. The middle of the ifland lies in the latitude of about 3 degrees, 4 minutes, fouth. It is inhabited by Malayans, who are the original natives. They are of a middle ftature, and tawny ; but the women are of a brighter tawny than the men, and have long black hair, which reaches down to the calves of their legs. They have round faces, fmall mouths, nofes, and lips. They wear a -linen waiftcoat, which reaches no farther than the lower . part of their breafts; and about their middle they wear a piece of cloath, about four yards wide, and a yard deep. This they roll round them, and it ferves them inftead of a petticoat ; for none are aUowed to wear petticoats but the Dutch women only : Neither are any pf the Malayan men allowed to wear an hat, ex cepting only their King. Although the Malayans axe the moft numerous, yet the Dutch axe poffeffed of all the fca-coaft, and have here a ftrong caftle, built of ftone, and mounted with 60 guns, befides feveral other fmall fortifications in other parts of the ifland. Near this caftle is a fmall town, of about an hundred Dutch houfes, all ftrongly built of ftone, brick, and rimber ; but all very low, none exceeding one ftory, becaufe of earthquakcsv to which this place is very fubje£t ; fo that, foould they be built higher, it would endanger the falling of them, as they often do, notwithftanding they are fo low. Whilft we were here, we had a great earthquake, which continued two days, in which time ->¦',¦ ,, it 19 £ WILLIAM FUNNELL, " 1705. it did a great deal of mifchief ; for the ground burft ^"'^ open in feveral places, andfwallowed up feyeral houfes, and whole families. Several of the pepple •were dug put again, but moft of them dead ; and many of them had^their legs of arms broken by the falls of houfes. The caftfe-walls were rent afunder in feveral places, and we thought, that it, and all the houfes, woulji have fallen down. The ground, where we were, fwel- led like a wave of the fea ; but near us we had no hurt done. As to the Dutth policy in the iflarid, it is go verned by a council, which conflfts of five perfons, •viz. the governour, the chief merchant (or upper Koop-man], the Malayan King, the Captain of the fort, and the Fifcal, who is in the nature of, a judge. Upon the ifland are faid to be about 350 Dutch foldiers, with 120 or 1 30 Dutch freemen and petty officers, and near as many pf the Chinefe, who live- here for the advahT tage of trade, although they are not allowed to trade in fpice, that being a peculiar trade, which the Dutch Company referve to themfelves; fo that, I reckon, they can make in all about 550 fighting men, Da/4 and Chinefe. As to the Malayans, they would be but of little fervice to them, but rather be glad to affift any body againft them. The Malayan women are faid tp be great whores, of v/hich they are not afoamed. They are foon ripe, and often married by nine years of age ; and many of them are faid to have have children at ten or eleven. All near the water-fide are forced tqi be under the Dutch government, which is very abfo lute and tyrannical : For ahy fmall fault they are fe- verely handled ; and many think themfelves well off, if they are not made flaves, and wear an iron upoii their leg during life : Thofe, 1 fay, who dwell near the fea-fide, are aft fubjcdt to'the Da/c;& government, and are Chriftians ; but thofe within the country, who are called the Hill-Malayans, axe Mahometans. They are always at war with the Dutch ; and, if they take any of them prifoners at any time, they never give him any quarter; but, after they have kept him in prifon five TO MAGELLANICA, (^c. 193 five daySj without either vidtuals or drink, they bring 1705- him put, and, firft of all, rip up his breaft with a foarp '"^^ knife, and take out his heart, at which there is great rejoicing of all the Malayans that are prefent. Then they cut off his head, and embalm it with fpice to keep ; and they who can fliow moft of thofe heads, are accounted the moft honourable, and value themfelves much upon it. The dead body is left expofed to the ravenous birds of prey to feed on. The Dutch, to retaliate this ufage, when they take any of thefe Ma layans, load them with many irons, and lay them in prifon, where they lie for fome time ; after which they c-ut off their nofes and ears, and then they are fent to prjfon again, where they continue fome further time; after which they are brought out the fecond and laft time, and then they rack them till they die. As for thofe under their government, if they are found guilty of thieving, they often gut off their nofes and ears, and put a great iron chain ^bout their leagues, and fo make theni flaves during life. There were near 5'oo of thofe popr wretches, who were in conunual flavery yyhilft we were here ; and they always' take care to keep theih employed, feme in fawing pf tiniber, o- thers in cutting of ftone, fome in carrying burdens, ^nd other labour. At fun-rifing every rnprning, they are let out of the prifon in which they are kept, the raen in one, and the women in another, and are im mediately fent to work, where they continue till twelve at noon; at yhich time t.hey return back, and have an hour'.s time to dipe/ Their dirinef is always the fame, being 3 pint of coarfe rice boiled for each man. At one they are fent to work agaih, where they con tinue" tijl fix in the evening; ^t' which, time they are t^rought back, and go to fupper, which is always the fame, bofh in quantity and quality, with their dinner. .Soon after they have i'upped,^ they are put hito their lodgings, and locked in, where'they.lie upon rhe bare boards, and ha,ve feldom any thing but a large piece of wood, which 'commonly ferves five or fix of them, Vo:„III. Bb foi- 194 WILLIAM FUNNELL, 1705.. for a pillow. Sometimes thefe poor wretches ¦ make ^-nrJ foift to efcape ; but, if they are caught again, they are fore to be feVerely handfed. There was one of thefe-poor flaves, a woman,.- who had bef;n harfoly ufed by the Dutch'; and having once made her efcape, and being taken again, foe, knowing hoW cruelly foe fliould be ufed, cut her own throat the, day befpre her ap pointed punifoment; after which foe wa.vby the hair, dragged but of the prifon, all round the town, and then hung upon a gibbet by her feet, -with her heacl' downwards ; which is the common punifoment of any that are guilty of felf-murder. S.uch as are in debt, arid cannot fatisfy their creditors, are, by them, turned ov er to thecompany, who fend them to work among their flaves: 'They h^^e nothing allowed them but rice and water, as the othei" flaves ; oiily they have' twopence a day allowed them towards the payment of^ their debts, which avails but little; fp that it is very fpldom, if ever, that any one gets abroad, till he is car ried out dead. But though the poor natives are thus feverely handledj yet the Dutch thehifelyes will winl^ at each other's faults ; fo thalt it is a -gfeat rarity for any of them to be punifoed, unlefs it be for murder. In any other cafe, a fmall matter of\ money will buy off a grealt fault. ' The •women, that are flaves to the freemen, have aU, the liberty that may be from their mafters and miftreffes ; only they are obliged every night to bring them acertarn acknowledgement, which is comnionly about fixpence, and to find their own vidtuals, cloaths, &r. in default of which, they are fer verely ufed. ''They may whote^and fteal, and all is well, if the daily acknowledgement b© but brought, and no complaint be made aigainft them. The chief of this iflarid,'s proddfts are cloves, ginger, pepper, rattans, canes, and fbme few nutmegs. -The clove-tree is not of a very great bodyj but ratherflender. It is in height fr.om twelve to thirty or fOrty feet. The branches are fmall; the leaves ' about five inches loner, and two broad, and end tapering. One of thele leaves, rubbed ' •¦ • ' between TP MAGELLANICA, &c. 195 between the fingers, will fmell very ftrpng pf clpves ; 1705. but, without rubbing; they have no fmell at all. The ^'"^ cloves grow out at the rip of the branches, ten, twelve, or fourteen in a clufter. They are firft white, then green, then of a dark copper-colour, which is the time of their being ripe. The manner of gathering, is to fpread clothes or foeets round the bottom of the tree for a good diftance ; then they foake the tree,, and all the cloves that are thoroughly ripe, and fit to be ga thered, fall down. The reft, which are left upon the tree, they fuffer to remain for alaout fix or feven days ; then they fiiake as many more of them off as are ripe, and will fall. This they do four or five times, till they arc all down. The ufual time of gathering of thern is 0(5lober and February .Thofe which are ripe in Odlober are called the winter-clove, this being the end of their winter ; and they arc not accounted fo good or ftrong "as the other. Thefe they commonly preferve, and put in fmall jars of about a quart, of which they tranfport great quantities to feveral parts, of the world. Thofe which are ripa in February; are called the fummer- clove. Thefe are efteemed much better and ftronger than the former, becaufe they have the beft part of the fummer to ripen in ; whereas the former have not above a month's fair weather, and all the reft is rainy and cloudy ; fo that the rays of the fun cannot come to them. It is the common received opinion, that cloves, nutmegs, mace, and cinnamon, grow all upon one tree ; but it is a great miftake. Thefe trees common ly bear fixty, feventy, pr eighty pounds weight at a time; and, eyery fix years, they are fure of a double crop. There is a vaft number of thofe trees upon this ifland, which are very carefully looked after, and a regifter kept of them in the Company's books. They are numbered once a year ; and beyond a certain number th.ey will not let them increafe, but ^ut them down and deftroy them, for fear of leffening the price. All thefe trees belong' to the Dutch Company, or their freemen ; but thofe that belpng to B b 2 the 196 WILLIAM FUNNELL, i7°5-the freemen, the Company fets them an allowance as tO ^""^ their number ;- and, if any Orte brings up more^ thart what the Company allows of, he is feVerely fined, and his trees forfeited ; and whatfoever cloves the trees be longing to freemen produce, the freemen are obliged to fell to the Company, after the rate of fixpence a "pound : So that, properly, all the doves in the ifland are ingroffed into the Company's hands: And, if any freeman, or other, fells, or conveys away to the value often pounds, all that he has in the worid is forfeited -to the Company, and he becomes a flave during life. The inhabitants ufed formerly to- cheat the Dutch, in the falc of their doves ; for it was common with them to put their cloves in a large foeet, which they hung up by the four corners, under the cieling of their houfe; and upon the floor, immediately' under the cloves, they fet a large tub of frefo water, which the "cloves, being very dry, and of an hot nature, would, by degrees, draw up, and make a large addition to their weight, without being eafily perceived. iBut * now the Dutch are grown too cunning fpr them ; fbr they always try them, by giving them a fmall filip with their finger an the head ; and then, if the clove; be thoroughly ripe, and no deceit has been ufed, the head wifl break afunder, like a piece of thin brittle glafs ; but, if ithas been watered, then the clove will be tough, and the whole cloVe Will fooner bend, than the head fly off. There are fome few nutmegs ttpon this ifland, the trees of which are mUch fike 'the peach j b.ut they grow moftly at the Ifland Banda, front whence two or three foips loads are exported every year. The fruit of this treecpnfiftsdf four parts : The firft and outward rindjs likethat of a greenwalnut; thefecPndiii dry and thin, which we calrMace ; the third is a tough,- thin 'fliell, like that of a chefnut ; and the'foiirth is the kernel, included iri the' faid foell, which we call Nut meg. There are faid to be upon this ifland' fome mines of gold;- One of the Malayans fliewed me fome ¦ ¦.: - 1. ., - ,: of TO MAGELLANICA, <&¦<:. 19/ of the ore, which, he told me, was taken out of them ;i7°5 but this was a great crime, and, if the tiutcb foould ^""^ know it, he faid, he foOuld be feverely punifoed ; for this is an ^xtraprdihary fecret, which, as much as they can, they keep frPm all Eiiropeans. Althpugh, as I faid befpre, they can raife abput five hundred and fifty fighting men, upoh occafion, in thisiflahd; yet once every year they are forced to fpare a great many pf their pepple, which are fent away uppn pther bufinefs ; for, commprtly, pn the 20th pf Oftpber, each year, eighi: or ten days fponer pr later, the gpvernour of this place goes his progrefs, attended with about feventy-five o- rambies, fome with a too, fome 80, fome 5,0, and fome 40 paddles a-piece, in each of which go two Dutcb foldiers. I reckon there may be in this whole fleet, of Dutch, abput 150, pr 160, and abput 5250 Malayans, reckoning 70 Malayans tp each pramby, one with anpther. Thefe 75 prambies are divided into three fquadrons, the firft confifting of 20 orambies; which fquadron is always commanded by one of the council, who carries a yellow flag. The rear confifts .of 20 more, and is commanded by the fifcal, whp cpm monly carries a red flag : The reft are in the middle fquadron, and attend the governour, who hath twelve Dutch foldiers, a corporal and a ferjeant, for bis body guard, and carries a blue flag. The gpVernpur car-^ ries with him the Indian King, and all their princes,. fpr fear they fopuld rebel in his abfence. In this prder they go and victual the eaftern iflands, but efpecially thpfe that do, pr are capable of producing cloves or hutmegS; and, at every ifland they go to, they have an additional ftrength. The rime of their cruifing in this mariner is commonly fix weeks, during which they tut down, burn, and deftfoy all the clove and nutmeg trees they can ' find, except fuch as are referved for the Company's ufe ;' for all, or moft of thefe iflands do, pr would produce cloves ; but they will not fuffer them, be caufe they have enough to fupply all Europe at Amboyna alone; artd even there alfo, as I faid before, they will J98 WILLIAM FUNNfiLL, *7°S'W'ill permit but a certain number, feft too great plenty """"^ of them foould lower the price. Upon all thefe iflands „ the Dutch Company keep foldiers, three, fix, nine, or twelve, according as they are in bignefs; whofe only bufinefs it is to fee the trees cut down, or, at leaift^ to take care that they do liot increafe ; for ihty are very jealous, left the Englifh or French foould ferve them fuch a trick as they themfelves ferved the Englifh at Amboyna. 0Urihg the time of their cfuifing, they gather tribute from all the petty Kings and I*rinces of thefe iflarids ; and commonly, at about the end of fix weeks, return again. Of beaftsj here are beeves,' bogs, wild, deet, fcfA Of fowls, here ate feveral forts, the crocadore, the caffawaris, the bird of paradife, s^''^- Th^ crocadore is a bird of Various fizes, fpme being as big as hens, and odlers no bigger than pigeoris : They are ih all, parts eJf.iiftly alike i their feathers are all over white, eXceptifig only a bunch upon their head, which is air ways either yellow or red. The bunch of feathers lie,s fo clofe, fitted intO adent in the head, that they cannot be perceived, unlefs when ihe bird is frighted, and then he fets it up on end, and it fpreads ppen fike a fail. The flefo arid legs pf this bird are very black, and they fmell Very fweet. When they fly wild up and down the woods, they cry CrocadSre, Crocadore : for which reafon they go by that name. The cafB- •waris is about the bigrieft of a large Virginia turkey -^ his head is the fame as a turkey's, and he has a long,. ftfff, hairy beard upon his breaft before, like a turkey ; he has two great legs, aimoft as thick as a man's wrift, with five great claws Upon each fopt ; he has iti high round back, and, inftead pf feathers, pnly Ipng hairs, ahd the fame upon the pinions of his wings. It lays an egg ft) big, that it •WiU hold a pint •, the foell is pretty thick-, fpptted with green ahd white, and looks exadly fike China-ware. 1 never tafted the. eggs, but the bird itfelf is extraordinary gppd .vic^i-ials, asT have tried feveral times. It taftes very like a tur key, but much ftronger:,"' The bii*ds of paradife are abput TO MAGELLANICA, §{c. 199 ibput the bignefs of pigeons ; they are pf various co- 1705- fours, and are never found or feen aljve, neither ^'^ is it known from whehce they come, I have feen feveral of them here embalmed with fpice, which pre- fefves them from decay ; 'and, fo embalmed, they are fent as rarities to feveral parts of the world. It is rer lated of thefe birds, that when the putmees are ripe, which is in the months of February and March, they refort to the places where they grow, viz. to Banda and this ifland, and eat of the outer rind of the nut: After which they fall down deaddrynk, and an inn.uroerable company of ants gather abput them, feed upon them, and kill them. Of flflj, here are alfp feveral forts ; but the moft noted is the fea porcupine : It is in length 3- bout three feet, and two feet and an half rpund.. It has a very large eye, ^ith twp fins pn his back, and one large one on each fide, near his gi,Hs.« It is very full of foarp-pointed quills : and, from thence, is cal- lod the Sea Pof;cupffie. '•' This Ifland of Amboyna is all over fandy, but the water is lb deep, th3,t there is no anchoring near it, bvit iat the Ley (which is at the weft end of the ifland) ' in forty fathoms water, clofe to the foore, and in the common harbour. This harbouE runs up a grje^t w^y iiitp the ifland, a,nd aimoft di vides it into twp, fo that they a^re, in a manner, -two iflands, beingonly joined by a fm.all neck of land, fo narrow, that the Malayans often haUl their canoes over. At the entrance into the harbour on the ealt-fide, there is a fmall fortification of about fiif guns; and, clofe to. it, is twenty fathoms water ; and, about a leagu.^ far ther up, is the harbour for ftiips^ where they lie under the command of their great caftfe; which, ever fine?. the maffacre of the Englifh, has been called the Caftfe Victoria. About two miles further to the nprth-eaft, within the harbpur, is the .place where formerly our. Englifh facTiory was fettled ; and near it is faid to be the lipfe into \vhlch the Englifi were thrown, after they bad been maffacred by the Dutch. There were few of us now here but expeded the fame fate : and fome of the in habitants 2o« WILLIAM FUNNELL, 1705- habitants Were np way foy tP, tell us, that the journal, " '" ' which was fent in the Dutch foips that we met going out from hence to Batavia, was put prpteftion ; for they were fenfible, that, upon thofe foips arrival at Batavia, it Would be prefently knQ,wn that a part of Captain Dampier's company was arrived at Amboyna, and from the'rice it would fpread all over India \ and fq they knew, if we fared otherwife than well, we foould be inquired after. A little to the eaftward of this ifland ate feveral other fmall iflands; the moft noted and biggeft of which are Boan^beffay and Hinomfa ; they lie^aft from Amboyna, at a fmall diftance ; They are of an indifferent height, and npt abpve a third part fo bi]^ as the Ifland of Amboyna. They are both pretty well fortified, and produce ftOre of cloves , but. the Chinefe place for nutmegs is the Ifland of Banda, which alfo belongs to "the Dutch. It lies in the latitude of 40 degrees, 20 minutes fouth, and bears frotn Ambeyne eaft-fouth-eaft, diftance twenty- eight leagues. The ifland is faid to be in form of a rnan's foPt and leg, and tp be pretty wcHfOrtified; and, it has the fame repu-" tatipn fpr nutmegs as Amboyna for clpves : The Gp vernour pf Amboyna is reckoned the chief gpvernpur of all thofe fpice-iflahds, ev?n to Tern^te arid Tidore, which are alfo fpice-iflahds, in poffeffiioh of the Dutch, and lie about forty miles tp the nprthward pf the Equa tor. Whilft We were at t\ns \i\andi of Amboyna, we Were fo trpUbled with mofquitoes (which are a fort.of gnats) that every'njght we were fOrced to put ourfelves in a bag before We" cOuld gO to fleep; fpr otherwife thofe creatures would fo bite us, th^t there was ho get ting reft ; and wherever they bit, they commonly raifed a red blifter, aimoft as broad as a filver penny, itching Very much; and inany cannot forbear fcrat'ching them felves fo as to^ caUfe inflammations, which fpmetimes. dctafiori the lofs of a lirfib.' During our ftay here, we had the liberty of a broad paved yard, about fixty yards fquare; but they would by no means Ictus go out into tlie town, being very jealous' of us, and defirous to ' ' prevent TO" MAGELLANICA, &c. loi prevent' our knpwing their ftrength, pr making any 1705- other difeoveries, which they, thpught might be pre- ^^ judicial to them. Here we remained from May 3,1 ft, tp September 14th, 1705, at which time there being three pf the Company's floops ready to fail hence, la den wkh cloves, twenty-live of our men were fent.a- way with them to Batavia, and ten of us left behind, who were, as they faid, to go in another veffel, which was aimoft ready to fail. <5n September 27th, a Ma layan man was brought in here at Amboyna to the Stadt houfe, to be tried for his life : Hie wis accufedj by his own wife, for murdering his flave: The flave had been dead about fix months, and foe had concealed it-; but, happening to fall out with her hufoand, flic went before the Fifcal, in the heat of her anger, and de clared it : So her hufoand was put in prifon, and the corpfe of the dead flave dug up ; but, ic being con fumed and rotten, no marks of violence could be per ceived upon it ; .and it \yas generally believed, that the , .man's wife accufed him wrongfully : He was upon his trial when the earthquake happened, at which time, I obfervedj that it is a. common errour to fuppofe, that, during an earthquake it js always calm ; for, we had a firiefrefo gale at fouth-fouth-weft, both days on, which the earthquake happened. Thi^ earthq.uake made all the court, break up, being in fear the houfe foould fall on their heads.,: So the man was committed to prifon again; and^ .the next day, being September 2^th, a- ,bout eleven before, noon, the court bein.g fet again, the man was again broiight to his trial; when, in about a quarter of an hour, when his wife v.-as in her greateft -violence againft him, the earth fliook very much again, and caufed "them all to break .up a fecond time. The. fame day, myfelf, with, four more of our men, were feat on board a Chinefe {loop fox Batavia: The or her fiveof our men which were left behind, tliey promiftd foould be fent after us in a fliort time ; yet .we neve;r heard of them fince: But whether they langui'foed out their days in confinement, found fome quicker pencd Vol. f II. ' Cc to 202 WILLIAM FUKNELL; i7''S- to their miferies, or were detained in the Dutch fexyice. '"^^ during life, are points that will not be fpeedily cleared up, fince our government has never thought fit to in quire after, or demand them. - After we had left Amboyna., we failed fouth-weft by weft, till we came to the ifland of Lancas, which lies in the latitude 6f 5 degrees, 27 minutes fouth ; and I • iijake its meridian diftance frc-m Amboyna 2 degrees, 35 minutes •weft, or 15,5 miles. We then fteered Weft by north, till we made the two Iflands Cabefes; where, it faUing calm, we fent our boat afoore on the eaftermoft, and:cut down fome hundreds of cocoa-nuts, which were brought on board. This eaftern ifland of Cabefes is low, not inhabited, -but full of cocoa-nut- trees, which are planted here for the ufe of fuch Dutch fliips and veffels as pafs by for Batavia ; for it is a fort of miracle, to fee any European foip here except the; Dutch, Off this ifland we met our bark, which had brought us from America to Amboyna; the Dutch, after they had taken her from us, had fitted her up, put a mizen-maft in, ahd made a very good veffel of her. This ifland lies in the latitude of 5 degrees, 23 mi nutes fouth, and nearly weft-by-north from the Iflaiid Xancas, diftant about forty-five miles; it . is fooal two miles from the foore. To the fputh-weft pf this ifland lies the other Ifland. of Cabefes, which is a pretty high ifland, and upon it the Dutch always keep a cor poral and fix foldiers, who, two or three times a year, go round the ifland, tO fee that no cloves are planted; and if there be, they -cut them down and, burn them, for fear any other nation fliould take it from them ; which, if they foould, I am apt to befieve Amboym would be pf little ufe to them, cloves being the only produfl; that is valuable upon ir. We paffed; next by the fouth end of the Ifland 'Eoufon, which is a pretty large, place, in the latitude of 5 degrees, 45 minutes fouth.. We fteered weftwardfrom hence, paffing be tween the Ifland Cebeles and the Jfland Zalayer.. The fouth part of the ifland Celebes is very high land :. It is '¦' . " ,. ¦' very . TO MAGELLANICA. 203 very well inhabited, and is a very large ifland, '705' taking up feven degrees in latitude. At the fouth ""^^ fend of this ifland, on the weft fide, the Dutch have a faftory called Mocaffar, where they have a fort of about feventy guns, manned with fix or feven •hundred Dutch foldiers. The chief produft of the place is rice, with which they fupply all, or moft of their eaf tern iflands. Here are alfo faid to be feveral gold-mines, of v/hich the Dutch are not yet mafters; for the inhabi tants are often at war with the Dutch, and have kept them hitherto from thofe places. There lie between the fouth end of this Ifland QWw, and the Ifland of Za layer, three low fmall ifles ; and the very beft paffage is that which lies between the ifland next to Zalayer, and another very little one which lies to the northward. This is called the fecond paffage, and the firft, third, arid fourth of thefe paffages are exceedingly dangerous, fp that foips generaUy avoid them if it be poffible. I foould willingly give an account of every ifland t mention, if it was in my power ; but, as it is not, the reader muft be fatisfied with what I can fay without in jury to truth. This Ifland of Zalayer is of a moderate height ; it is inhabited by Malayans, and planted all i'oundwith cocoa-nut-trees. The inhabitants are forced yearly to ferid ftore of oil and match to the Dutch at Ma- ¦caffar, by way of tribute. From hence we fteered Weft by north, till we had paffed a dangerous foole, balled the Brill, and then we haled up fouth-weft; and, in the night, law a fmall ifland juft by us, which find ing We could riot weather, we tacked and ftood the (^- ther way till day-light ; and then, finding ourfelves to fouthward of the faiti ifland, we tacked, and flood to the fouth-weftward,, and foOn after law two other low fmall iflands, bearing from the north to the north-weft. We could fee the ground very plain for about two miles, and never had above fix, of under five fathoms water, though it looked as if there was not above two fa thoms : We came over this foole about a league to the fouthward of thefe two fmall iflands ; and*this is ac counted the narroweft fliole ; for, further to the fouth- 204 WILLIAM FUNNE,LL,r J7°5- ward, it is five or fix leagues o,\^er ; but tli^re alio is '"^^'^ no danger, becaufe you have very even, foundings, as five or fix fathoms,, feldom over or under. But to the northward of thefe two iflands it is very dangerous, it being all- very^foul rocky ground, and in fome places not above four or five feet water. Therefore go to tha fouthwsi-d of thefe iQands, and you will be fafe : Al though the Dutch, in their maps, have laid down the dangers to the fouthward, which foould have been laid down to the north-ward of thefe two ifles ;-. and the fafe fholes, which we and they always go over, they have kid down to the northward.of thoi'e two-iflands, where as we and they always went over to the fouthward of them. We had a draught on board belonging to the Captain of the veffel; wh^ch. foewed all this yery exad- ly as v/e found it r I compared it with feveral others *which were on board, and found a great deal of differ ence: 1 aflced the Captain the reafon of their difterence;- and be told me, that the Hollanders knew all the fooles and dangerous places hereabouts very well, but did not defire any body elfe fliould. know them ; fo that, if any foreigner foould come into thofe parts amongft thefe flioles, and fail by their draughts^ t.hey might un expectedly be amongft rocks and ^fooles, where they would certainly lofe their foip,, as we had done,, if we had failed, by the common draughts, it being the Dutch policy to keep all foips, belonging to the Engli/h. or French, as far off thofe ifl:.nds as they can ;. or, at leaft, if they come amongft them, and happen into their hands, as we did, they take care to fend them away, and let them know as little of tliem. as- m.ay be. How far the Dutch, may be able to juftify fuch a me thod of acting, from the condu'ft of other nations, where they conceive either their latety or intereft as nearly concerned, I cannot take upon me to determine : But this, I think, is very plain, that mankind in general fuffer by all thefe narrpv/ fchemes of thinking,, which undoubtedly contribute to the keeping us in ignorance of thofe p^rts of the world, which the Divine Provi dence never meant to conceal. If, in private life, the welfare TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 20-5 welfare of the family ought to be preferred to the ca- 1705. price, and even to the intereft, of any fingle perfon ; -if, '^^^ from the juft maxims of policy, the good of fbciety ought always to take place of private intereft ; then, methinks, the fame method of reafoning foould have k force with regard to the concerns of a company, and even of a whole nation, when they interfere with the common good of mankind; It may bethought a little enthufiaftic, but, I muft confefs, it has been always my private opinion, that, as all thefe great difeoveries have been made; not only fince the Chriftian difpenfe- tion took place, but fince the fundamental dotftrines of Chriftia.nity have been fet free from the errours of fu- perftition, it looks as if the Almighty defigned, that all the inhabited parts of the globe foould have an op portunity afforded them, of embracing fo excellent a rule of life ; and therefore i perfuade myfelf, that all the attempts made to limit or prevent this, are not only impious in their nature, but will likewife be found im- prafticable in the end. To feek new countries for the fake of fpoiling them of their wealth, or making flaves of the people who dwell in them, is a defign fo bafe and barbarous, that no nation will certainly avow it y bat to aim at the difcovery of countries hitherto un known, in order to employ our poor at home, and to extend the blelEngs we polfefs to the moft diftant and diftreffed people in the univerfe, is a great and good de fign ; and feems fo exactly to coincide with the view^p. of Providence, that 1 think the nation can fcarce fail of becoming rich, happy, and glorious, that purfues ic with a fpirit worthy of fo^ noble, generous, and humane an undertaking. On October 21, 1 705, we entered the harbour of Batavia; and, as foon as we landed, we were fent toi the reft of our men, who were ftill in cuftody. A lit tle after, the Major of the caftle was fent to us, and defired we would tranfmit the general, by him, an ac count of our loffes. Which we received by pur being, taken at Amboyna ; and that we foould be fatisfied on all accounts as to. our effects, lofs of tiir.e, and impri- 2o6 WJLLIAM FUNNELL,- 1705. fonment. Accordingly, ' we each of us drew up an ac- '"'^ count pf pur loffes, and fent it by the Major to the Ge neral, who returned us for anfwer,- that very fpeedily we foould have our freedom. Oh Oftober 27, we were all fent for to the fort, and moft of our ready mo ney was returned' to us again ; but for'our goods, lofs oftime^ and imprifon ment, we could have no fatis'fac- tion ; only the Generaltold to us, he had given us all that the Governour of Amboyna had fent to him ; arid that, if there was any thing more, he knew riothing of it ; and that we w^ere now at our liberty to go whether we pleafed. We defired, that, fince our veffel was taken from us by the company, he would be pleafed to take care to find us fome fliip, in which we might return home; which he promifed he would. We were forced to be content, and went and took lodgings iri the town, till we could meet with an opportunity of re turning home. In the fpace of about feven weeks that I remained here, 1 made all the obfervations I could on the place, and its inhabitants. The former I foUnd in as good condirion as it was pofffole, and the latter ap peared to me as prudent and induftrioifs a people aS ever I faw ; but the defcriptions that have been already publifoed of both are fo exaft, as to render it unnecef^ fary for me to trouble the world with my colledioris. I foall content myfelf, therefore, with making a very ¦ foort defcription of the place, ai I think it neceffary tc^ render my work all of a piece ; and foall refer the cu rious reader, for further fat)sfa6tion, to the large' ac-' counts that have been publifoed by Dutch, French, and Englifr writers ; but efpecially the firlt, who are equally capable and wilUng to reprefent it fairly. This city of Batavia is the chief place the Dutch haye in India, receiving, by fliipping, the produft of India, Japan, and Chin.i. It is inhabited by feveral forts of pepple, as Dutch, Portuguefe, Chinefe, Per/tans, and Negroes ;'but the Malayans are the natives : The Dutch ^re mafters of the place, and have a very fine large town, in which are feven churches, Diitch, Portuguefe, Malays, and Chinefe, with feveral very fpacious houfes, • built T,p MAGELLANIC A, &c. 20 j, built after the European manner : The town is all wal- 1705. fed and moted round; and the walls are abundandy '"^^ provided with cannon. In the middle of the town, in a great fquare placcj is a very fine Stadthoufe,; where all public affairs are tranfafted. The town, with all the fortifications, is commonly governed by one of the States of Holland, who has the title of General of /«- dia, and all other governours are fubordinate to him. The inhabitants here do not care how often they change their general ; for, at the coming of a "new one, all prifoners are refeafed, except fuch as have committed murder, He has twelve to affift him, who have always the title of Rads, or Lords of India : Thefe are fuch as have been formerly, chief governours in feveral places in India, as of Ceylon, Amboyna, Malacca, Sec. The town is divided by canals, over which, aimoft in every ftreet, there are, bridges laid, and boombs to haul a- crofs, which let no boats go in and out after fun-fet. The chief produce of the place is pepper, of which the Dutch yearly export great . quantities : Here are alfo fome few diamonds, and other precious ftones. ¦ Of fruits here are plantains, bananas, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, mangaftaos, and rumboftans. The mangaftanis about the bignefs of a golden runnet ; it is quite round, and looks like a fmall pomegranate. The outfide rind is like that of a pomegranate, only of a darker colpur ; but the infide of the rind is of a fine red; within this rind is the fruit, which is of a fine white, and lies in cloves aimoft like garlic j there are commonly four or five cloves in each,, and they are yery foft and juicy ; within the clove is a fpiall black ftone, , We cornmonly fuck the fruit from the ftone, and. the. fruit is very deficious ; the ftone we thrpw away, being very bitter, if chewed. The rumboftaq is aboiit the bigneis of a walnut, when the green peel is pff. It. is alfo pretty near the foape of a walnut, and hath a thick tough outer rind, which is of a deep red, full of litt>e knobs of the fatne colour ; within the rind is the fruit, which, is quite white, and looks aimoft like ajeljy ; and within. the fruit is a large ftone ; it is * Ao8 WILLIAM FUNNELL, 1705. very delicate, and though a an me.it ever fo much, ycr '"'^^ it never does him any harm, prpvided he fwallpws the ftpnes as well as the fruit ; but otherwife they are faid to caufe fevers. The Ifland of Java, on the north fide of which Batavia ftands, isin length, frpm eaft to weft, abput ten begrees. The wind and weather is extreme ly regular at Batavia, and the Dutch inhabitants knPw hpw tP make ufe of it at all feafons to the beft advan tage. In the eaftern monfoon the land-winds are at fouth-eaft, fometimes more foutherly; and the fea- winds at north-eaft fine pleafant gales. This eafterly monfoon is accounted the good monfoon, it being fine fair clear weather, beginning in April, and ending in Odober ; but the wefterly monfoon is called the bad monfoon, being rainy and bluftering weather, with much thunder and lightning, efpecially in December, January, and February. This bad monfoon begins in November, and ends in March, or on the beginning of April. In it the land-winds are at weft-fouth-weft, and fouth-weft ; and the fea-winds at north-weft, and weft-north-weft. The anchor-ground, all along the north fide of Java, from the Ifland Madura to Batavia, is fine oufy ground, and clear of rocks. The principal places on this fide ©f the ifland are Batavia, Bantam, Japara, Samarang, Surabon, Taggal, the Quale, and Rambang ; all thefe places are fettled by the Dutch: They afford rice, with which they fupply all their out- fadlories he-reabo-Jts, as alfo ,very good plank for build ing foips with. The chief place for building is Ram- bang, whether the freemen go to build fmall veffels, as floops and brigantines ; alfo feveral foips of five, fix, or leven hundred tons, laden with, timber at Rambang,, the Quale,, Japara, &c. and each foip, when full, takr eth a great raft of the largeft of the timber in a tow to Batavia : Some of thefe rafts are faid to be thirty feet fquar-e, and to draw twenty-two feet water : There are commonly fix of thefe foips, which are thus laden with timber ; and they commonly make four voyages in the good monfoon ; for in fhe bad they cannot do any thing. Ail this timber is commonly landed upon a' fmall Ta MAGELLANICA. 209 fmall ifland, between four and five leagues frpm Bata- 1705' via, where the foip-carpenters are ufually kept at ^"^ Work ; nay, they are faid to be never out of empfoy ; they are al>out 200 in number; and the ifland is called Unreft, or Onruji. The Dutch careen their foips here ; and it is very well fortified, being (to ufe a fea-phrafe) all round a bed of guns. We had notice given us on September 2, that all of us whp defired to return to England, foould go imme diately on tjoard the Dutch Eaft-India fleet j which ac cordingly we did, and failed the next day. This fleet confifted of twelve fail, as well provided in every re* fpedt as any foips I ever faw ; and we made the voyage in as good order, arriving on February 3, 1706, at the Cape of Good Hope. The Dutch have here a ftrong fortrefs ; and, about half a mile diftance from thence,' a very fine town, confifting of a fmall church and 150 ^ houfes. The land in the neighbourhopd is very high, and moft pf the mountains are barren, prpducing Only a few forubs. The cpuntry within is full of lions, tygers, elephants, and other wild beafts, which give the people, who are fettled here, great difturbance. It is for this - Fcafoh, that the Government has foifnd it neceffary to promife to any one who kills a lion fifty-two guilders, which amounts to four pounds fix foillings and eight- pence ; and for kiUing a tyger, he has a reward of twenty-four guilders, or forty foillings, A Scotchman, while we were here, kiUed four lions, three tygers, and three v/ild elephants 5 for which he had his reward ac cordingly, to the aforefaid proportipn,^ This cpuntry produces feveral forts of fruits, common and not com- ifjon with us in Europe, as pomegranates, water-mes Ions, chefnuts, with fome plantains and bananag.;.. and great plenty of Very good grapes, of which the Dutch make a very pretty pleafant "\yine, called Cape-wine, in great-quantities, which, by retail, is cPmmpnly fold at eight pence a quart. It produces Ukewifc plenty of garden-fruit, which is very refrefoing to thpfe that ar- . ' rive here fick of the fcurvy ; Here are alfo abundance Vol. Ill, D d . (f 2IO WILLIAM FU.N.NELL, i7°S,-of foeep, very large, and, I think, as good meat as ever '"^^ 1 eat. Of fovvls here are feveral forts, but the moft re-', markable is the oftrich,' which i*s a very large fowk' The bird itfelf is fitde valuable, but its feathers are fent as rarities to ieVeral parts of the world : Their fegVi^ are very good me'at, as I haVe experienced many iiriies. That thefe birds feed upon iron, ftones, or any thing that chances to be near them, is fabulous ; but, like," a great many other fowls, they pick up fmall ftones, which only ferve to digeft their proper food ; they are of feveral colours, as black, white, &c, ' The moft remarkable amphibious animal here is the feal, 'or;' a4 the Dutch, call it, the fea- hound: They are the fame as thofe before fpoken of a.t the Ifland Juan Fernandez; only the fur of thefe is not fo fine. ' In this harbour,' on the fouth fide,' are two high mountains ; the onfe called the Table-Land, which- is ' pfetty plain and even' at the top, and the' other called the Sugar- Loaf from its foape ; at the top of this fugar-ldaf the Dutch have ^ fii^all hoUfe, and four guns mounted : Here they al ways keep a good look-out ; and, at the approach of of any foip or fhips, hoift a flag, and fire as many gUns as they fee foips, to give notice tb thofe at the town. It is not eafy to guefs what the reafons were', which in duced' the Englifh to part v/ith their property in this place, which is of fuch mighty confequence to the Dutch, and which might have 'been made fo advanta geous to themfelves : To fpeak the truth, the Diitck are very civil and complaifant here ; and, except their ' nOt permitting us to travel up into the country, which might ¦ have produced more knowledge'- of it than perhaps would have beeri' convenient for them, they indulged us" in eVery thing we could afk, and furnifoed us with provifions of all kinds, extremely good, and at Very reafonable rates. It is impoffible to leave this place, without making a few refledtions on the condudt of the Englijh and the Dutch, with relpedt to their poli cy, in piwidingplaces-of refrefoment for their- foips in " their paffage. to the Indies, Both have found the ne- ceffity TO MAGELLANICA. 211 cefrity of having fuch places, and, by an unaccounta- 1705. ble accident, have exchanged the places of which they,*"'^'"^ are poffeffed : The Englifto have the Ifland of St. Hele na, lying in the latitude of 16 degrees fouth, and 22 degrees longitude weft from the Cape of Good Hope. This ifland was firft difcovered by the Portuguefe, who put fbme goats and fwine on foore there, the breed of which ftill continues, and the place is very plentifully ftocked with them. The Dutch inhabited here firft, but afterwards thc^ught fit to quit it ; and then we took poffelfioh of ir, from whom the Dutch took it again, trut were foon difpofleffed of 'it, and we have enjoyed it peaceably ever fince. This ifland is about nine or ten leagues in length, not quite fo much in breadth, and above 300 leagues from the continent of Africa : Next the fea it i's aimoft "every where encompaffed with high 'rocks, which hinder the approach, there being but one place for landing ; and within there are many mountains, but moft of them covered with wholefome Iterbs and ^alants ; and the valleys are fo fruitful, that they produce whatfoever is brought from, other parts, and planted in great perfedtion. It would certainly be one of the m.oft delightful fpots upon the globe, and afford the .pleafanteft living, if it was fomewhat larger, nearer fome continent, or more frequented than it is at prefent. The air is wonderfully excellent, the frefo water excellent, the fruits in the higheft perfedtion, and the fea abounding with fifh. The only misfortune there is flows from the want of induftry in cultivating thefe advantages, and corredting fuch inconveniencies as fall within the power of man tP remedy. The Dutch, When they took poffeffion of the Cape of Geod Hope, found it the moft barren defpicable fpot that was ever feeh; or indeed could be well imagined ; yet, per- ceivihg the importance of it, they refolved to fettle there, and imprpve it, coft what it would : In this they rnet with many difficulties ; but they Were refolv ed not to be difcouraged ; and, by perfevering, they have rendered it, ih all refpedts, the fineft fettlement D d 2 in 212 WILLIAM FUNNELL, ^705. in the world, and have proved many fettled points in ^•^^ planring-policy to be abfolutely falfe ; of which I foall inftance one, 'and that is, the making wine, which has been over and over declared a thing impradticable in that climate ; but they have now great plenty both of red and white, but efpecially of the latter, which, af ter two years keeping, is very juftly efteemed prefera ble to the fineft Canary. The induftry of the Dutchy and their great fuccefs in their improvements, invites our foips, as well as theirs, to the Cape of Good Hope ; and this is the principal reafon why we do not make all thofe advantages of St. Helena, of which the place is ca pable. Tiiio, at the fame time, foews the different ge nius of the, two nations ; for, if the Cape had been ever fo long in our poffeffion, there is great reafon to doubt, whether we foould have made any fUch improvements; as, on the other hand, if the Dutch could have kept St. Helena, after they took it from us in 1673, it is proba ble they would have made it another fort of place than it now is; and not have fuffered the inhabitants to want bread, merely from their not having power to deftroy the rats that breed in the rocks, and from thence fally out in fuch numbers, as to deftroy the kitchen-gardens belonging to their plantations : I fay, they would hard ly have fuffered thls^ confidering one advantage that St. Helena has, not only beyond the Cape, but even beyond any other fettlement; which is, that, as it is'at prefent fortified, it may be juftly accounted impreg; a- ble, though there foould be but a very moderate gar rifon to defend it. But enough of this : Let us now return to the voyage which gave pccafipn tp thefe re flections. We were now tp continue our voyage to Europe in the Eaft-India fleet ; and it was impoffible to fee, with out furprife and fatisfadtion, the care taken of their trade by the government eftablifoed here. It would take up much more room than we have to fpare, ro enume rate the many inftanees that might be given of the Dutch prudence in this refpedt. One, however, fhall fuffice. TO MAGELLANICA, yc. 213 fuffice. The Eaft-India Company's Admiral not pnly 1705. hoifts his flag in cpmpany with the men of war belpng- ^''^ ing to the States, but his fignals alfo are obeyed by thofe men of war as cheerfully as if he was admiral of their own fleet. Hence prpceeds that regularity that is pbferved in all their vpyages to and from the Eaft-In dies, when thefe fquadrons fail with as much harmony, in every refpedl, as if it was compofed intirely of foips of war; which is the reafon, that our foips, efpecially in time of war, are content to make fome ftay at the Cape of Good Hope, in prder to have the opportunity of coming home with them. It is alfo very furprifing, tp fee how great an effedt the example of the Dutch has uppn our countrymen, who becpme, in every refpedt, as regular, arid as attentive to fignal, as they are ; fo that very rarely any accidents happen to the foips of ei ther nation, when they fail thus in company. We had an opportunity of obferving this during the time of our voyage to and from the Cape, where we were excel lently prpvided with every thing requifite fpr our voy age, on which we proceeded on the 24th of March, with a frefo gale pf wind at fouth-eaft ; and went out between Penguin Ifland and the main-land, having tjie main on the ftarboard-fide, and the ifland on the lar board. This is a pretty low fandy ifland ; in the mid dle of which, upon the higheft part pf it, they have a few guns mpunted, and near them a flag-ftaff, pn which, at the apprpach pf any foip, they ho^ a flag, and fire a gun, tp give npuce tP the town. This ifland takes its n^me from a vaft number of birds, called Pen guins, which commonly refort near it. Thefe birds are about the bignefs of a wild duck ; they do not fly, but flutter, having no wings, but flumps pnly, like young ducks, and thefe ftumps ferve them fpr fins in the water. They have a fliarp bill, but fi^et like a duck, and their Befo but indifferent fopd. This kind of fowl is npt fp large here as in the Streights pf Ma- g.ellan, npr fo gppd; however, more ufe would be made of them, if the Dutch fliips were not always .fo weli ai4 WILLIAM FUi^NELL, 1706. well provided when they fail from the Cape, that the ^^^ feamen do not find themfelves under any temptation to take up with rank and difagreeable food: Ahd this may be one teafpn, why they are, generally fpeaking, pretty free frpm difeafes ; one effect, among mariy, of their ftridt difciplirie, of which they ftand in need a^ much as the failors of any country, being extremely fond of ftrong liquors, and very abufive when intoxi cated with them ; and, therefore, their officers are very commendably careful in their endeavours to prevent it, which they never omit. We were now twenty-four fail of us, viz. nine Englifh, and fifteen Dutch; and the gale cpntinuing, foon carried us to the true trade. We met with nothing material till the loth of April 1706, when two of the Englifh foips, faifing very heavily, fell a-ftern, and loft our company : They put in to St. He lena, and, as we afterwards heard, were taken out of - the road by the French. On the nth, we had 25 hogs kiUed for the foip's company, and the Commodore or' dered an; hog to a mefs, that is, to every feven men, to difpofe of as we pleafed, befides our daily allowance, fo that we had more vidtuals than we could tell what to do with. On the ij'th, a man being barbaroufly murder^ ed on board the Dutch Vice-admiral, the murderer was brought on board our foip, tried for his life, and thd fame day condemned to die. He owned the murder^ and defired the favour of the Court, that he might chufe his own death, which was granted ; and he chofe to be foot,; which the next day was accordingly done, all the fleet lying by till his death, and then we all made fail again. On the 17 th, we faw the Ifland of Afcenfioni but did not touch here for turtle, although it was their laying-time : The reafon was, becaufe we were fo well fupplied with prpvifiphs at the Cape, that we had no occafion for more; and the Englifh foips being willing to keep us company, they alfo did not touch here. On the 19th, we had fine fair Weather, with a frefo gale at fputh-eaft : About eleven this mprning happened a great earthquake ; at firft it feemed as if the foip ran along TP MAGELLANICA, &e. ii$ along upon the ground : So we heaved out a lead on 1706* each fide, with two hundred fathpms pf line, but fpund ^""^ ho grpiirfd- The ijvhole fleet felt the fopck at the fame time, fo that tbr half a quarter pf an hour there was' nothing but making of fignals, and firing of guns. We then reckoned the IflahHbf Afcenflon to bear fouth- eaft, diftant about forty leagues, ' We fteered" thence to the north- weft, and had foon an, ppportu,ni,ty of ob ferving the great advantage refulting from our irnitat- ing the regularity of the Dutch : When I fay this, l mean it of the Englifh foips in conipariy, which had quitted their defign of bearing up for the Ifland of Af cenflon, in order to remain with "the' fleet. On the 14th of June, we faw four fad of French pri vateers, which Vere waiting there for our homeward- bound foips : They came up, and looked on us ; but thought it not advifeable to make any attempt, and foon bore away. On the 30th, we found ourfelves in the latitude of 62 degrees, 40 minutes north, which was the furtheft northward that I ever was ; and I could not but take nptice pf the difference of cold in this place, and in 60 degrees of fouthern latitude ; for there we had continual foowers of fnow or hail, and the wea ther yery cold ; whereas here, on the contrary, we found the Weather very fair and moderate: The reafon of which, I fuppofe, was this ; when we were to the fouthward, we were always pretty near to the main of America, having it to the weft of us ; likewife, when we were to the northward, we were always pretty near the main-land of Europe, having it to the eaft of us. NOw, being near the land, we always account the land- winds the coldeft, arid the fea-vvinds the warmeft. Thus the north-eafterly wind is accounted the coldeft •wind we have in England, Holland, &c, but in the fame latitude north, near the coaft of America, the north- weft wind is commonly accounted the' coldeft; and, in the fame height of fouth laritude, on the cQaft of Ame rica, the fouth-weft wind' is the coldeft ; as, near the Cape of Good Hope, the fouth-eaft wind is the coldeft. Now, the wefterly winds, at fuch a height, both in 110 WtLLIAM FUNNELL, 1706. nprth and fouth laritude, having generally the predo- ^"""^ minancy over the eafterly, very much alter the de grees of the heat or cold of the weather ; for which reafon, in the fouth part of America, the wefterly wind caufed cold weather ; but, to the northward, the weft erly wind caufed warm weather ; and, as the eafterly wind, being near the European fhore, is the cpldeft, fp, being near the American fhore, in the fame height pf fouthern latitude, the wefterly Wind is the coldeft. Thefe obfervations are of yery great ufe tp feamen, and efpecially tp commanders, becaufe they enable them to guefs what weather they are tP expedt pn any coaft, and even to have a tolerable forefight of what may happen in voyages for difcovery; the appearance of which fore- fight in the commander is of infinite confequence to encourage the private men, who obey with the greateft cheerfulnefs, and undertake, with the greateft alacrityj whatever they are commanded, by a man, of whofe judgemerft they have a good opinion, and of whofe fkill they have had frequent experience ; whereas the leaft diffidence in a cpmmander finks the cpurage of his fail ors, doubles the fear of every danger, and becomes an occafiph for future fufpicion and contempt. We faw, in the evening of the 3d of July, the iflands of Faro, bearing eaft and by north, dittant about ten or twelve leagues. We founded, but had no ground at 1 10 fathpms ; at twelve at night we had ground at 85" fathpms, and at 75 by three in the morning. On the 4th of July, at noon, the^ two iflands pf Faro bore fputh-eaft) diftant about eight leagues. We then, fteering north-eaft, had gtound at eighty fathoms, fmall pieces of broken foells. All laft night we kept firing a gun every half-hour, to give notice tO the crui- Jers, whom we expedted to meet here. On the 5th, according to our expedtations, we met with our con voy, which fiad been cruifing for us ; they confifted of eight Dutch men of war, four vidtuallers, and three of the Company's privateers: After mutual falutations, we proceeded to the fouth-eaftward, being all bound for TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 2 it for Amfterdam: And, on the r5th of July, we all arriv- 170^, ed fafely in the Texel; and, on the 17th, we got to ^'^ Amfterdam. After which, myfelf, ^nd the reft of our company, went to fee feveral parts of Holland: And, on the 26th of Auguft 1706, after many dangers both by fea and land, we happily arrived in England, being but eighteen out of one hundred eighty-three, Tlie hews of our misfortunes reached home before us, and every body was folicitous to have an account of what had befallen us in the Eaft-Indies, and efpecially in the Ifland of Amboyna, under the power of the Dutch. Thefe importunities led me into an opinion, that as complete an account of our voyage as it was in my power to give, might not be unacceptable to the Pub lic ; which occafioned the 'pains I have taken in com- pihng this fmall work; wherein, as there are many ad ventures not altogether urientertaining, fo I hope, that fomeof the defcriptions, obfervations, and, difeoveries, may with juftice be thought ufeful. It has hitherto been the juft complaint of fuch as read voyages with attention, that they are often left in the dark, as to very material circumftances, while, at the fame time, they are more than fufficiently inform ed as to circumftances of very little or no importance, I have often wondered, that, confidering the .many e- ditions through which Dampier's voyages have paffed, there never was any care taken to fupply their vifibfe deficiencies. The reafons are very evident to me, why Dampier did not publifo this laft voyage of his to the South Seas. If he had fpoken the truth, he muft have done himfelf no great credit; and, if he had at tempted to impofe falfehoods on the world, his officers were moft of them alive, and' ready to contradict him: He chofe, therefore, and I think it the moft prudent choice he ever made in his life, to be abfolutely filent. This filence, however, gives not the leaft fatisfadtion to the reader, v/ho,'no doubt, would be glad to be informed of all the tranfactions of that voyage, of which Mr. Funnell has related only a part ; though, to Vol. in. E e , fay 2i8 WILLIAM FU-N'NE'LL, ^706., ^Y the truth, that was all in bis povver. This tafls I ^"^^ foall endeavpur to. perfosm,' the belt I can, having ta ken a great deal of pains to fetiisfy myfelf in thefepar- ticulars. The reader may remember, that, the 1.9th of May 1704, -Captain Dampier, jn the, St. Gverge, left his .qohfort, .Captain Stradling, in the Cinque-ports, at the King's Ifland, in the bay of Panama ; after Which, we hear no more of them. The force that Captain, Stradling ha^ with him was very infignificant, ^nd; therefore, they could not maintain themfelves Ipng in the South Seas ; which drove them, for the fake pf fhelter and refrefoment, to the Ifland of Juan ,Ftrnan- dez ; and in -fuch a condition they were, when they came thither, that hone& j^lexander Selkirk chofe rather to ft^y rby himfelf in that ifland, than run the hazard - pf returning into the South Seas on bpard the Cinque- ports : In which he fhewed a great deal of judgement; for the Cinque-ports adtually foundered on the coaft of Babacora, and only Captaiin Stradling, and fix or feven of his men, were faved, and fent prifoners lo Lima, where Captain Stradling was aftually living at the time Captain Rogers came into the South .Seas ; but what* becapie of him afterwards, I ^ajmot fay. The next perfon that left our famous captain, was his mate, Mr. Clippington, as he calls him.; but.the gentleman's name •was John Clipperton, of whom we foall have pceafiofi to fay much in a fucceeding voyage. He was certainly a man Of parts and fpirit, and, in all human proba bility, would not have left Captain Dampier^ if he had not thought, that he would; obftinately remain in the Sputh Seas in his, old crafy foip the St, George, till foe .foundered ; and, finding that a great part of the crew were of the fame opinion, thought prpper to leave him at the Middle Iflands, where he. w?is careening; and where it -was plain to all who faw her, the St.Gecrgt. ¦was no longer fit to put to fea. This was on Septeni- ¦ber 2d, 1704; and Mr. Clippertcn had now with him no more than twenty-one men, in a bark of ten tons-, with two mafts, and two fquare-fails, twp. pattererQes, and TO MAGELLANICA, *c. 219 and two or three barrels of powder and foot ; yet he 1706- Ventured into Rio Leofi, on the coaft' of M(?wVo, where """^ he took two Spanijh foips at anchpr: One was very old and wprm-eaten, for which reafpn he prdered her tp be immediately funk ; the Pther foip was new, and had ph bpard her goods to a cpnfiderable value. Cap tain CUpperton therefore, for fo he was now called, fent on foore two of his prifoners, with a letter to the Spa- niflf governour, demanding ten thoufand pieces of eight, by way of ranfom for that foip. The prifoners fpoke fo handfomely of Clipperton, that the governour refolved to treat with him ; and therefore fent him word, that he did not think his propofition unrealbn- able ; but that, as the owners were abfolutely ruined, and the town very poor, it was impoflfole for him to comply with it ; but if 4000 pieces of eight, which was all they could raife", wpuld content him, it foould be fent aboard in ready money, and they would rely uppn his honour for the difcharge of the foip. Cap- ta n Gltpperton accepted the propofal ; but, at the fame time, informed the gpvernour, that they were in great want of provifions and water ; and therefore expedted, that Whatever could be eat or drank, foould not be in cluded in the capitulation. This was very readily a greed to, tile money fent on board the next morning, and, as foon as the provifions could be gOt oUt of her, the foip was Very honourably reftored. Captain Clip perton failed from, thence to the Gulf of Salinas, where they drew their little veffel afoore, in order to clean and refit her, which they did very effedtually ; and then refolved, even in this cockle-foell of a boat, to iail fox the Eaft-Indies ; which they did, and, keeping in the latitude of 1 8 degrees north, reached the Phi lippine \fiandis in fifty-fpur days. While they were a- mong' thefe iflands, there came off a canoe, with a Spanifh prieft in it, whom they detained till they were fornifoed with frefo pro^vifipns, and then fet him at li berty. The next fcheme they fprmed,. was tP go to the Englifh fett\ement at Pulo Condors, which lies in E e 2 the ,22o WILLIAM FUNNELL, 170*5. the latitude of 8 degrees 40 minutes, north,; and ac- ¦^"""^ cordirigly came thither : But, underftandi,ng that, the Englifh had been maffacred by their Indian foldiers on -March 3d, 1705, they found there was no fafety to •hs. expeded there; and therefore inftantly bore away for Macao, a port belonging to the Portuguefe in Chi na, where they all foifted for themfelves as well as they could. Sorne went to Benjar, in .order to enter info the Eaft-India company's fervice ; others to Goa, to ferve the Portuguefe ; and fpfoe entered into the pay of the Great Mogul ; for, after fo lon^ a voyage, they were fo bare, that any means of providing for them felves appeared very agreeable. As for Captain Clip- ferton,. he returned to England in 1706, and lived af terwards to make another voyage round the world in , the S«!,-t-^/f,'. of which, in its proper place, we ;foall give an account. , It is requifite, in the mean .time, to go back again to Captain Dampier, in order to foow what became of him, after fo great a part of his foip's company had deferted him. It is not eafy to , conceive a man in a worfe fituation, than Mr. Dam- pief found himfelf at the time Mr, Funnell and his people; left him. It v/as at the clofe of the. year .1704, they took this refi>lution ; and all the people that ic was in the power of Dampier to keep with him were but- twenty-eight ; and even thefe he prevailed ¦ upon to ftay, by rcprpfenting, that there was nothing eafiec than to makvC their fortunes by furprifing .ibme fmall Spanifh village ; and that the fewer there -were of them, the fewer there would be to foare the booty. After fbme confulration, they refolved to attack Puna,: an hamlet or village confifting of about thirty houfes, and a fmaiJ church. There is a lieutenant who commands there, and the inhabitants were pretty well to pafs., Accordingly, he landed in a dark night, furprifed the inhabitants in their beds, and fo took poffeffion of the place with very little trouble. After plundering this town, they repaired to the ifland of Lobos de la Mar, ij;i order to confider what they foould, do next; and, '. > - ^ by TO MAGELLANICA, -Gf^, 221 by the way, t»pk a fmall Sfanifl} bark, well furniflted 170(5. with provifions. 4 After fpme confultation, ic was re-"-"^ folved to quit their own foip, and to endeavour, in thisbark^ to cpntinue their Voyage .to the Eaft-lndies. .Accordingly they left the St. George at anchpr :under this ifland, after, having taken put all that, was valua ble ; and then executed their refolution of failing tp the Indies, where they were in hopes all their troubles would have ended. In this, however, they were quite miftaken ; for, arriving in one of the Dutch fettle- ,mcnts, their bark was feized, their goods fold, and themfelves turned loofe into the world to foift as well •as they cduld : This was the end of Captain Dampier's unfortunate expedition, who returned naked to his owners, with a melancholy relation of his and their misfortunes, occafioned . chiefly by his own odd tem per, which made him . fo felf-fuflicienc and overbear ing, that few or none of his officers could endure him ; and, when once diffenfion begins amongft thofe who have command, all fuccefs may be juftly defpair- ed of. Yet, as there was a degree of compaffion due to fo eminent a man, notwithftanding all his failings, the public expreffed it in the ftiongelt manner pofiible to Captain Dampier, on his coming home, even in this diftrels ; and he was introduced to the Queen, had the honour to kifs her hand, and to give her fome account of the dangers he had; run through. The merchants, however, were fo fenfible of his want of condudt, that they refolved never to truft him . more with any com mand ; and this,, with the poverty brought upon him by his, laft unlucky voyage, obliged him to. make the tour of the world once more, in quality of pilot, on board the Duke, commanded by Captain Woodes Ro gers, whofe voyage foall be thefubjedt of the;3d Arti cle : The prefent I fliall conclude with a very few i-f,, .REMARKS. ivm.'.... - It is very clear, from the feveral particulars record ed in this voyage, which I take to be as honeftly .^nd : : fincerely iii -Wl.LL I AM /FUNNELL*; J?*^' foteerely written, as any I haveeVeit met 'wdtfa, that """^^ -^eeis no mighty fptce requifite to cairy pn a priva- tterimg war in the South Seas ; fince; if fl«»?/:r«r's tem per wPuld have fuffered him ta live on fuch terras as were requifee to preferve the affedtiopa .of hia peopfej it is moft certain, that he might have ' raifed an ¦ im- / menfe fortune-fbr himfelf, and his pwners, in fpite of any thing the Spaniards did againft- him. It is alfo very apparent, that, with due care and attenuion, there was no fort of danger of their ever wanting pro vifions. But the thing that ruined their voyage was, that fpirit of difcord which remained among themfelves, and which, at laft, rendered them incapabte of any kind of dtfeiplLne. It is command that makes one bo dy of men fuperiour to another equal in number, and as, well provided with arms ; for, by this ^means, they are broke, exercifed, and know their duty in allfuua,'' tions, which pthers do not; and this naturally gives them a prodigious advantage. The late attempts that have been, made in the Weft-Indies feem to difcpediC this opinion ,; and the ftories we have been told of the Buccaneers, have drawn many pepple to imagine; that, in fuch attempts, they are foperiouf to men under re gular command. Thefe aredangerpus miftakes, foch as may have fatal effects, if they fpread; and, therefore^ every opportunity foould be taken to refute them. Irt order to this, we muft firft confider, what is meant by regular troops, and men under regular command; which certainly implies, men acquainted with the principles of their profeflion, commanded by expe* rienced officers. It is not the cloth and arms thatcon-' ftitute a regular force, but the knowledge the men have acquired in military difcipline ; and, as to officers, it is certain, that an old man, who has never feen fer vice, is by no means fit for command, efpecially in a country where he never fet his foot befcu-e. As to the Buccaneers, they were, with refped to their perfonal qualifications, regular troops, and, in time of adti<>n, they were pretty much under command 5 to which all their TO MAQELLANICA, Sec. i«3 their fuccefs was owing : But theh, as their ofEcers 1706, had no authority, but what they derived from the ^^"^ choice of their own people, and held this only during their pleafure, there was no fuch thing as fprming re gular defigns, or cpndufting them, fpr any length of time, with prudence and difcretipn : Whence it came to pafs, that all their fucceffes were mere temporary advamtages, not at all beneficial in their confequences to themfelves, or their country. To fay the truth* ^e only ufe that can be made of them, is tp prove, that mudh greater things may be done by men better commanded. There is the fame difference between Buccaneers and regular forces, as between men of ftrong parts without education, and men of equal parts with the advantages of learning : The former fome times produce hvely and furprifing pieces, but all ex cellent and lafting works come from the latter. 1 do not know whether this comparifon will at firft fight be ^fvell relifoed ; but, I am confident, that* when throughly confidered, it will be found perfeftly juft, and equally agreeable to reafon and experience. The next remark that I foall make on this voyage is, that it fiilly demonftrates the capacity of our feamen, to do amy thing that can be expefted from perfons fkilful in that profeflion. We fee, by the inftance of Captain Clipperton's failing, with twenty-one men, in a bark pf ten tons, from the South Seas to China ; by Mr. Funnell's doing the fame thing in a veffel not much bigger, and with very few more men ; and by Cap^ tain Dampier's dping the like, in circumftances very little better; that this is not fuch a terrible, fuch ah' impracticable navigation, as fome people of late, for what reafons 1 know not, have endeavoured to repre fent it : And if great advantages may arife to the com merce of this nation, by voyages into this part of the world, Itliink no man in his fenfes can be perfuaded, that there is any thing very difficult, much lefs impof fible, in purfuing them; fince thefe examples foow, that diis is; in fadt, the cafieft and the fliorteft way to the 224 'WILLIAM 'FUNNELL,' 1706, the- Eaft-Indies, and to the richeft and .moft valuable "-"^ partsi of them. ! The ufage Captain Dampier met with in this, as well as in his former voyage, and the treat ment of Mr. Funnell; and his people,- 'at Amboyna,. are proofs fufiicient of the temper of the Dutch, and of their preferring the intereft of their commerce to any refped: for their allies. If we think this right in them,' as one would imagine our government did, from their never inquiring after. thofe fubjeds that, were loft, or refenting the ufage thofe met with that- efcaped, Why are we not as careful of our own trade ? Why do^we not profecute it with the fame vigour? or. Why are, we bound to have fo much more complaifance for our aUies, than they have for us ? It feems to be a matter quite out of queftion, that commerce is not of greater confequence to them than to us : Both fubfift. by it, and both muft be undone without it.' I do riot mean to infinuate, that we ought to differ with the Dutch, much lefs that we foould invade their fetdements,' Or endeavour to ruin their trade ; all I aim at is, tofopw how reafonable, arid how pradticable a thing it is to extend our own, and how much therefore it ought to be our ftudy. To this I beg leave to add, that as this was always right, fo it is now become abfolutely ner ceffary. The nation launches out into much largerex- pences, than jn, former times; and from hence iti^. .evident, that, if fhe does not draw larger advantages from trade, foe mUft.,be undone : This is a truth of fo great confequence, that no man, who loves his coun try, can prevail upon himfelf to mince the matter; Befides, all national expence confifting in the expert of wealth, it follows, that we ought, at this junifture efpecially, to encourage fuch kind of commerce, as may repair this lofs in the quickeft and moft effefitual manner. This voyage, and feveral of the preceding, /how us, that there is a foort and fpeedy pafljjge, to ve ry rich and pleafant countries ; from whence we may derive immediately large quantities of gold, exclufive of other valuable commodities. Befides, we are now St TO MAGELLANICA, Csfr, 225 at war with Spain, arid that crown has very confider- i7o'64 able dominions in thofe parts ; where, though I be- ^"^^ Heve they may be comparatively ftroriger than they are in the American dominions, yet moft certain it is, that they are every where upon bad terms ^ith the natives, and have a much greater compafs of territory than they are able to defend. There is no doUbt to made, that two or three foips, well manned, would be abfe to make a very profitable vpyage this way, I Would not be underftood to be a warm advocate for privateering, which, I muft confefs, I think below the dignity of the Britifh nation ; but, as we were drawn* into this war by the depredations of the Spanifh priva teers, as we can get Very little by it iri any other foape than that of privateering, as the e;^pence it has brought upon us, in the interruption of our trade, requires ef- fedtual and quick fupplies, vve have unqueftionably a right to indemnify ourfelves, and our intereft makes it our duty to purfoe it. Nay, this is the moft probable method of putting an ertd to the war : We may, by this means, interrupt the commerce between their Eaft and Weft-Indies to- fuch a degree, that, in conjanftion with the Pther methods already taken to diftrefs them,- it may deprive tfiem of the means of carrying on the •war, and thereby incline them, not Only to a prefent' peace, but to maintain and preferve itj that they may not have to do again with a power fo capable of difturb- ing, and even deftroying them, in all thofe parts of fhe world, where no Other power can reach them. I Cannot help adding a wOrd or two more Upon this fub- Jeft, before I leave it ; and that is,, with refpedt to the policy of maritime powers in the management of their wars ; becaufe, if we mayjud^e from the reafpn of things, or the cotirfe of events, this has not been hi-' therto fo well underftood as it ought to be : A mari time povc^er ought certainly to avoid, as much as ppf- Able, quarrelling with her neighbours, and making an cndlefs or vain-glorious foow of her naval ftrengtji. Small fquadrons, fent frequently pn long voyages. You III.- F f will 226 WILLIAM FUNNELlj J 706. will ferve to air and exercife her feamen in the pubfta ^"""^ fervice, without burdening herfelf, or frighting the r«ftofthe world by frequently drawing together nu merous arid ufelefs fleets. The negled of this maxim has been the ruin of every maritime ppwer that ever cxifted, with the addition of another errour of a con* trary nature, I mean, the carrying on of fingering wars, and not making a foort ufe of fuperiour power at fea. When peace can be no longer preferved, the next beft meafure is, to reftore it as foon as poffible; and this can be done no other way, than by a bold and vigorous prpfecucion of the war ; for, to aift C00I7 ly, and protraft, is tP difcredit your own power, and to encourage the enemy. This leads me to the laft re mark, which thi-S voyage foall furnifo: The misforf tunes that attended Dampier, Stradling, Clipperton, and Funnell, induced a notion, that it was to no manner of purpofe to fit out privateers from hence to the South Seas ; and abundance of plaufible arguments were brought to prove it ; which met with greater encou ragement, becaufe the Britifh adminiftration, at thjit time, tVas engaged in the profecutioh of a war uppn the continent, that rendered it very inconvenient to difoblige any of our allies, more efpecially the Dutch and the hpufe of Atfftria, neither of which were well pleafed with fiich kind of expeditions : Yet, in fpite of thefe concurring circumftances, Mr, Dampier coiild not forbear endeavouring tp fpirit up a new vpyage to tlie South Seas, where he had already fpent fo many years of his life to fo very little purpofe. He was well fatisfied, that it was not through any di'fiiculty in the voyage, from tlie- fuperiour ftrength.of the enemy, of the want of prpper qualities in our people -to fucceed in fuch fchemes, th^t fo many of them had failed, but merely from their being but indi^ffercntly condudt^ ed 5 and therefore he flattered himfelf, that, if this e- vil was once removed,- things would go better, and he might ftill have an opportunity of retrieving his ¦circumftances^ or, at leaft, of acquiring a tolerable fubfiftence. FOUQUET and PEREE, &c. 227 fubfiftence. It was with this view that he addreffed 1706, himfelf to the merchants of Briftol, who are juftly re- ^*^^ puted the moft adtive and pufoing people in this na tion. They heard his propofals with patience, exa mined them with attenrion, and, at laft, faw fo much of probability in what he offered, and fuch likelihood of his proving a good pilot, though he had been but an unlucky captain, that they determined to fit out jCwo foips at his inftance; but refolved to difpofe of them as they thought proper. We draw now near the clofe of this part of our 'vyork ; and I foould very readily incline to foorten the remaining relarions as much as pofiible : But there are fo many circumftances curious in themftlves, and tranfadions of fuch impor tance to the trade and welfare of this nation, that, I flatter myfelf, my readers will be very well pleafed to find, that 1 have preferved the fame order in thefe, as in the reft, and do not fruftrate their juft expedtations by hafty and imperfect abridgements. ARTICLE II- FOUQUET and ^EREE, to Magellanica. The author of this account is one Nyel, a Jefuit, who made the voyage aboard Peree' s foip. The war I parried on by France at this time, againft the inari- ,iime powers, had greatly impeded her, navigation, fo that her flups vyere obliged to gp tP China, by the way of the South Sea, which is indeed, the beft and fur^ft rout to follow, though cuftom ftill car ries our navigators by the way of the Ccipe., The following extract is given from the edition of Nyel's book, printed at Pjrw in the year 17,07, among the other letters of the miffionaries, tome Vlf. F f 2 We 228 FO U QU E T Md P E R E E, 1-704.- TTfE failed frpm St.Mak's Dpcember 26th, 170^ '""^ vy with two ftiips deftined for China, under the command of -the Captains ponquet and Peree.- As the Englifh ^nd Dutch had four up the Straits of Sunda and Malacca, we were pbliged, jn prder to avoid our e- nemies, tp foape qv]x cpurfe by the Straits of Magellan, and the South Sea, After three months failings we gpt within 6q leagues of thefe famous Straits, now fo well known to all navi gators, that hPthirig needs to be here faid of them, We foall only obferve, that in our plan, we have laid down the ifles of Anican, difcpvered by our two cap tains in their paffage back frorn the South Sea, and fq called by them, in honour pf Monfieur Anican, whofe zeal fpr the advantage of his country has lately prp- cure.d him the Crofs pf St. Michael. This group of iflands lies to the S. E. of the ifles of Sebald de W^eert, though we cannot yet afeertain, with precifion, either their number or figure. We have alfp laid dpwn th^ Ifland Beauchefne, difcovered by the gentleman of that name anno 1701. . < We had got no further than the firft canal of the Strait, a little beypnd Bay Gr^^o/r*,. when a violent ftorm made us lofe four cables, and three anchors. We were in the utmoft hazard of foipwreck, but it pleafed God to prefcrve;.,;us. We remained 15 days in this firft reach of the-^iraits feeking our anchors, and getting water from a riVer we had difcovered. During this rime, I often went afliore. . • The land appeared to me moftly flat and even, intermingled with fome few rifing grounds. The foil feemed to be good, and fit for culture. It is probable that it was fomewhere thereabouts where the Spaniards built their two forts, calkd PhiUp.feville, and Nombre de Dies, as this is the narroweft place in all the Straits. But at prefent, no yeftige of rii.efe places remains *. We faw none of the - '- ¦ ¦¦¦TJ * We have ulrendy feen the cataftrop.he of this Spaniftj colony vol. I. p. 376, . ¦ ... natives. TO .MAGELLANICA. 229 ^lativcs; thefe people generally reriring to the inland, 1704- mi the approach of winter ; yet, feveral French foips, """^ both before and fince, have met with them, and fay they appeared friendly and fociable, of a high ftature, ftrong and robuft, and ofive-colpured, like the Pther j^ericans. We hppe fppn fpr more particular accounts of them, as I learned in Chili, that the Jefuits there were refolved to fend a miflion into Patagonia, as they have already fome of their pofts within 100 leagues of its frontier. After the lofs of our cables, we had no hopes to get through the Strait pf Magellan, where we were obli ged to anchor every evening ; and winter coming pn, our conjmanders refolved to go by the Straits pf Le Maire *. Accprdingly we weighed on the eleventh of April, 1704, and, two days after, we paffed them in the fpace of a few hours. We afterwards coafted Terra del Fuego, which appeared to me an Archipelago pf iflands rather than one land-f-. I alfo obferved an er rour of our charts, whrch give more longitude to this jfland than it really has. We found it, on a pretty exact computation, pot to exceed fixty leagues, though they commonly give it more. It was called Terra del Fuego from the number of fires the firft difcoverers faw on it, but the i(ihabitants are lefs known than the fa- .vages on the other fide of the Strait. Garcia de Nodal, who anchored in one of the bays on this coaft, fays the Indians appeared docile and friendly. According to modern accounts, thefe barbarians are as white natu rally as any European, but they disfigure themfelves by grotefque" paintings. They wear the flcins of animals .round' their necks, which cover one half of their bo dies, and gird themfelves with leathern belts. About their necks they wear chains, made of white tranfparent * ft vould appear thefe French fhips ^s'ere but poorly found in ground-tackle, or elfe that the crews were foon alarmed at an incident very common ia this paflage, and whicli for this, and o- ther reafons, is now quite deferted. ¦\ Our chart will verify this Jefuit's conjedlure. foells. ?30 F 0 U QU E T and P FR E I, ?7®4' foells *. Their principal food is a certain bitter herbj. '''''^'*^ carrying a flower fomewhat like a tulip. Thefe people were very civil to the Spaniards, working for them, and bringing them the fifo they. caught. They car ried bows and arrows headed neatly with ftone, and ftone-knives, which they laid on the ground, together with their other armSj to foow the Spaniards that they had no fufpicion pf them. Their huts were compofed of branches of trees interwoven, with an opening at top, to give vent to the fmoke. ' They had canoes of the bark of large trees, which might carry feven or eight people, being 12 pr 15 feet lOng, and tv«rp broad, built like the gondolas jri Venice, They often Repeated the word Hoo',hoo: Whether it was theii* natu ral cry, or a particular word of their language, the Spaniards could not guefs. ^They feemed ingeriioiis e- hough, fevefals of them foon learning to repeat th^ |,..ord's Frayen This fide of the Terror del Fnego is very high land, At the foot of the mountains, the trees are very thick ^hd high, but the fummits are bare, pr covered with fnow. The anchorage feemed pretty fafe and com modious for getting wood and water. Staten Land, which foowed itfelf three leagues dff on the left, is aj- fo very high and rocky. After getting through Le Maire's Straits, and be yond the iflands Oh the fouth end of it, we began to feel the rigours of this Antardic climate. The days, VS^hich were only eight hours long, Continued always ^loudy, apd brought with th^m hail, fnpvv, and rarri, • Qur ^uthor was jtiifinformed. The women ortly wear thefe chains, aiid hot the rnen. I fa'W lately one of thefe Patagenicfn ornaments in the po^effioiv of a lady in Scotland, rnade of browji and whitifh fheils, placed alternatively, and with rpuch more , fancy than one coiiId expeifl from thefe untutpred Americanf. They were ftning on a ftrong cord, which 'appeared 'to be made pf fome tough fea- weed, and waslong enough to go twice round the neck. The lady, •whd is eminent for the native elegance of her t^ile, thought, the wQrk very. prettily executed. ' which „To MAGELLANICA. 231 which made thetp always glpomy, fo that there was a 1704- continual night. The fea went very lofty, Pccafiphed ^"^ by fevcre fqualls of wind, in pne of which we loft Captain Fouquet. Ai;nidft many dangers and alarmSi we paffed the liext fifteen days, till we had the gppd ~ fortune tp dpuble Cape Horn, turning up cpntinually againft the wind. Let us remark here an errour irt thefe charts, vyhich lay dowri Cape Horn in latitude ^7 degrees 30 minutes ; which cannot be^ for we madci our paffage in that very latitude, arid had a good off ing, in doubfihg the Capve, which we therefore judged to lie in g6 degrees 30 minutes, at mpft. After we, had dpubled this ppint, we found the hardeft part of our tafli over, and vv*e fopn gpt into calmer feas, and a milder climate. After a navigation of four months and an half, we anchored. May 13, in the Pon of Conception, on the coaft of Chili, where Captain Fouquet joined us eight ¦¦ days after. ARTICLE HI WOODES RO6ERS, to Magellanica and Pplynesia. IT has been univerfally allowed, by fuch aS are prp- 17°^' per judges of fuch expeditions, that there never '¦""^^ Was any vpyage of this nature fo happily adjufted; fo well provided fpr in all refpedts, or in vvhich the acci dents, that ufually happen in privateers, were fo ef- fedtuaUy guarded againft. A.II tiiis, I conceive, was chiefly Owing to the perfonal abilities of the gentle men at Briftol, who charged themfelves not only vfr^ith the expences of this expedition, but with the care of all things relaririg to it. Thefe worthy gentlemen Were, as far as I have been able to learn i wat* Alder man 232 WOODES ROGERS, i7°^- man Bachelor , John Rumfey, Efq-, M.r. James Hotlidge'.^ """^ Captain Philip Freakh, Criftopher Shtter^ Efq; Sir Johri Hawkins, Mr. Francis Rogers, Mr. Thomas Goldney./ Captain Thomas Dover, yix. PVebb^ Mr. John Duckin^ field, Mr. John Corfehy, Mr. William Smfide'rs, Mf;' John Grant, Mr. Daniel HicM'an, Mr. Rithard Hawk-' fworth, Mr. Thomas CUmeiis^- Mr. Thomas Goutes^ Captain Stephefi Courtney, Mr. Latirence Holli fter. Mer chants of Briftol, and Mr. Palfriety and Wx.- A.Elon.i with fome other gentlemen of London, who were riot cpncerned till the foips •v^ere at fea. Their firft care was to make choice of proper officers, in -which they were Very fortunate : Captain Woodes Rogers, who cotomaritied in chief, Was a bold, active, indefatiga^ ble officer, one that would not give up his opinion tod readily to others, and who was riot to be flattered by other peoples giving up their Opinions to him. Hd had beeri a large fufferer by the French, and was natu rally no great friend to that nation ; but his moft An gular quality, and that which indeed recommended him to this command, was a peculiar art he had of maintaining his authority OVer his ieanieri, arid his readinefs in finding out expedients in the moft difiicult coniunftures. Captairi Stephen Courtney was a man ot birth, fortune, and of very amiable qualities : He Contributed confide'rably to the expence of the voyage, and took a foare in it; that he might fee hoW it was managed, and be able either to prevent mifcarriages, or, at l,ea(t, to make a faithful report of them. Cap tain Thomas Dover, who was third in command, wjs. a proprietor alfo, and went for the fame reafon. He was by profeffion a, pbyfician, and, towards the de cline of his life, made a noife in the world, by recom mending the ufe of crude niercury. He was a man of, a rough temper, and could not eafily agree with people about him: But his Untoward difpofition had ^ one good tffeft, which was this; that it hindered his^ making any party tP fupport him, in his ill humours.- As, for Captajn Edward.Coeks., who was" fecond to Cap* .i;.u, ' tain- TP MAGELLANICA, £s}c. 233 tain Courtney, he had been twice taken by the French, 1708. once by fpur jDa«^;V^ privateers, and again by two '"^'^ men of war of fifty guns. The pilot, ,in the larger foip, was Captain William Dampier, whp -was now to proceed for the fourth time into the South Seas, where his name was very well known, and, from his exploits, terrible to the Spaniards ; and they were alfo e¥U.;eme- ly careful in the choice of their inferiour officers,, aiid, as far as it was poffible, even of their private men. The proprietors, in the next place, undertook to lay down rules fpr the condudt of the .vo.yage ; which were digefted into the follovving piece, figqed by a committee of the proprietors, and ftyled very properly The Conftitution, It fan thus : ' For the better government and regulating of af- ' fairs of the prefent voyage, we, whofe names are un- ' derwritten, owners, and appointed diredtors for the ' foips Duke and Duc-hefe, do hereby appoint and con- ' ftitute Captain Woodes Rogers, Captain Thomas Da- ' ver. Captain William Dampier, Mr. Carlton Van- • brugh, Mr.. Green, Mx. Fry, Mr. Charles Pope, Mr. * Glendall, Mr. Bulle-t, and Mr. Wafte, all officers on * board the Duke, tp be council on board the faid ' foip ; and Captain Stephen Courtney, Captain Cooke., ' Mr. Willianf Strettoin, Mr. Bathe, John Rogers, Mr. * White, and .the mafter, officers on board the Duchefs, ' tb be council on board the faid foip, in cafe they ' foould be feparated from each other ;. but, when in * company, the officers of both foips above-named ' are, conjuniflly, at the fummons of the, Captains * Rogers, Dover, and Courtney, or any two of them, ' to cpme on board either foip, and be the.council le- ' ferred to in our general orders, to determine allmai:- ' ters and things whatfoever that may arife, or be ne- ' ceffary for the general good, during the whofe voy- ' age. in cafe of death, ficknefs, or defertion, of 37 ' ny pf the above officers of either foip, the reft that -' are of the council appointed as forefaid for the foip, ¦:* foall convene on board their own fli|ip, and chufe an- y PL. III. Ge 'other UVv.? 234 WOODES ROGERS, 1708- « other fit perfon into that office and council. We fir- ther require and diredt, that afl attempts, attacks, • and defigns, upon the ene^my, either by fea or land, ' be firft confulted and debated, either in the parti-r * cujar, if feparated, or in the general council, if tO" * gether; and, as the majority thereof foall conclude * how or when to aft or do, it foall be indifpenfably, ' and without Unheceffary delay, put cheerfully in ex- * ecutioh. In cafe of any difeontepts, differences, or ' mifoehaviour amohgft the officers and men, which ' may tend to the difturbance of the good concord ' and government on board, either the men, or per- ? fons, may appeal to the captain to havca hearing and f decifion by a council; or the captain foall call a, * council, and have it heard and decided, and may ' prefer or difplace any man according to defert. All ' decifion and judgement of this councfl foall be final- * ly determined by the majority of voices; and, in * cafe of an equality, Captain Dover is .to have the * double voice, as prefident of the council ; and do * accordingly order him to be prefident. All matters * tranfadted in this council foall be fegiftered in a book * by a clerk appointed for that purpofe. Dated in ^ Briftol, July the 14th, 1708.' John Batche.lor, &c. We have two accounts of this voyage, one by Captain Rogers^ the other by Captain Cooke, and both in the manner of a Journal.' I foall follow Captain Rogers chiefly ; but, where it is neceffary, foall take in explanatory circurhftances and defcriptions from Cap tain Cooke ; yet, as they were both eye-witriefles, and agreed p etty well iri their relations; I do not, think it neceffary to break the thread Of the difcourfe, in order to mention th ir names, but proceed, as near as may be, in the words of Captain Rogers.^ S' All things ner ceffary being provided,' fays he, we were firft to fail for Corke, in order to m^ke up our corhpiemeHt of, men ; our force ftanding thus : The Duke, burden about 300: tons, 30 guns, and 170 men, Captain Woodes Rogers commander, Captain Thomas Dover fecond captain, vAth TO MAGELLANICA, Gf^. 235 with three lieutenants, &c. ; and the Duchefs, Captain 170S, Stephen Courtney commander, Edward Cooke 2d Captain "^"^^ with three lieutenants, burden 270 tons, 26 guns, and J51 men : Both foips had legal commiffions from his Royal Highnefs Prince George of Denmark, Lord High Admiral of England, to cruife on the coafts of Peru and Mexico, in the South Seas, againft her M'd'^fty's enemies, the French and Spaniards, and to act jointly, as belonging to the fame owners, merchants in Briftol. On the 15th of June, 1708, we towed down trom Hong-rcad to King-road, in order to fit our foip, and the better to keep our feamen on boards where we continued till Monday Auguft the ift; and then, at eleven in the forenoon, unmoored ; and at two weigh ed, with our confort the Duchefs, eight fail of .other foips, and two "floops ; and having little wind, and that wefterly, towed down about five miles below the Holmes, where we; anchored in about nine fathoms wa ter : At one in the morning we weighed, and made fail with a fmall eafterly breeze ; foortened fail, at eight, for our confort; and, at twelve, the ifland. of Lotidy bore weft-by-fouth, diftant about three leagues : In the evening, faw a fail right a-head, which we cha fed till night, and then foortened fail for the ihips a- ftern. On the 5th of Auguft, we had fight of the Irijh foore ; and, about eight in the evening, we weighed with the flood, a fmall gale &t eaft : It came on to blow, and veered to the northward. We had a Kin fale pilot on board, who endangered our foip, it being dark, and foggy. Before day, he would have turned. us intp the next bay to the weftward of Corke, had not 1 prevented it ; which provoked me to chaitife him for undertaking to pilot a ffiip, fince he underftood his bufinefs no better. The reft of our company, excep? the Diamond and Shereftone galley, got into Corke be fore us ; only our confort ftaid in the harbour's mouth, till we came up with her. On the 9ch, in the after noon, came in the Haftings, with the fleet under her G g 2 convoy, 23^ WOODES ROGERS, 1708. convoy, which we left in King-road. We fpent tH<* ^¦-^ rime, rifl the 27tlr of Auguft, in adjufting aft things,. ¦and taking on- board our frefo men provided for us af C:irke,and in difcharging feveral we had brought from; Briftol, and whom, by experience, we k^ew not to be fit for our purpofe; On the 28th, in the morning, we fell down to the. Spit-end, by the Haftings' man of war, as our confort did the night before : When I came -without the Spit-end, 1 faluted the Haftings with feven guns ; flie returned five, and I three for thanks. We had now above double the nuni'ber of officers ufual in privateers, and a large complement of men to each" foip. We took this method, of doubling our officers, to prevent mutinies-: which often happen in long voy ages ; and, that we might have a large provifion for a fucceffion of officers in each foip, iri cafe of morta lity. Our foip was now fo fall, that we fent our foeet- cable, and other new ftore-cordage, to Mr. Noblet Rogers, at Corke, to make room for our men and pro vifions, having three cables befides-,- and being wiUing rather to fpare that, than any thing elfe 'we had on board. Our crew were- continually marrying while W-- ftaid at Corke, though they expedted to fail imme diately. Among others, there was a Dane coupled by a Romift} prieft to an Irifh woman, without under» ftanding a word of each other's language, fo that they were forced to ufe an interpreter ; yet 1 perceiVed, that this pair feemed more afflidted at feparation, than any of the reft: The fellow continued melancholy for fe veral days after we Vvere at fea. The reft; uridcrftand- ing each other, drank their cans of flip tillthe laft minuie, concluding with a health to our good voyages^. and their happy meeting, and then parted unconcern' ' ed. Molt of us, the chief officers, embraced this de- fi'ix\ of privateering round the world, to retrieve the loffes we had iuftained by the enemy. Our comple ment of faiiors in both foips was 333, of which above crie-third were foreigners trom moft nations; feveral of her,Majcf;.''s fubjedts on board were tinkers, taylors, hay- TO MAGELLANICA, &c. -ijy hay-makers, pedlars, fidlers, &c. pne Negro, and a- i7o8.> bout ten bpys. With this mixed crew we hoped to ^^''^ he well manned, as foon as they had learnt the ufe of arms, and got their fea-legs, which we doubted not foon to teach them, and bring them to difciplirie. On the firft of September we took failing orders,, the better to keep company with the Hajiings and the fleet ; and, after having agreed with our confort Cap tain CcKr/Kfy, on fignals between us, which are fo com mon, that I need not infert them here, and appointed places of rendezvous, in cafe of feparation, and how long to lie for each other at every place, about ten in the morning we came to fail with the Haftings, and a- bout twenty merchant foips bound to the fouthward' and weftward, wind at north-and-by-weft : We foould have failed the day before, bur could not weigh and eaft our foips clear of the reft ; fome at that time drove, and the Sherftone galley ran quite afoore on the Spit^ in the night it grew moderate weather, and Captain Paul of the Haftings got her off to fa'fl with us. Our holds were full of provifions, our cables, a great deal of bread,' and water-calks betweei) decks, and 183 men aboard the Duke, with 151 aboard the Duchefs; fo that we w^re very much erouded, not fit to engage an enemy, without throwing provifion and ftores over board. The next day, we, and our confort, ftood out of the fleet, to chafe a fell we faw to windward. Our foips failed as well as any in the fleet, not except ing the man of war ; fo that we began to hope we foould find our heels,, fince we went fo well, though deep-laden. We found the chace to be a fmall veffel coming into the fleet from Baltimore. On the 4th, it blew frefo in the morning : Captain Paa/ made a fig nal for me. Captain Courtney, and Captain Edwards, commander of the Scipio; and, after fpeaking with him, he fent his boat for us, being- larger than ours : We, with Mr. Dover, and Mr. Vanbrugh, went in her, and found Captain Paul aboaxd his foip. He propofed to me and cpnfort, when he left the fleet, which would be 23 S WQODES ROGERS, 1709. be very foon, to cruife a few 'days together off Cape. ^"'^ Finifterre. After having aflced us what we warited, that he could fupply us with, he gave us fcrubbers, iron- fcrapers for the fliip bOttpm, a fpeaking- trumpet, and Pther things, that' we -had not ; but he would accept nothing from us, becaufe our voyage would be long ; but told us, he would be well pleafed, if our ovs^^ner? returried him the fame neceffaries for his foip when he came back; About fix in the evening we returried to our own foip, and, having called all our crew upon deck, we acquainted them whither we were bound, and what our defigns were, that, in cafe any difputes had arifen,, we might have fent the mutineers home in- her Majefty's fliip of war;, but there was nobody at all diffatisfied, except one poor fellow, who was to have beentything-mah that year, and was apprehenfive his wife Would be obliged to pay forty foillings for his de fault ; but, when he faw every body elfe eafy, and ftrong hopes of plvmder, he likewife grew quiet by degi'ees, and drank as heartily as any body, to the good fuecpfs of the voyage. On the lOth, about fix in the morning, we faw & fail, to which we immediately gave chace: About three in the afternoon we came up with her, and then foe bore downright upon us, foowing Swedifh: colours : I fired twice at her, before foe brought to ; then, went aboard her with my yawl. Captain- Courtnefs boat being juft before me. We examined the maflir, andfound he came round Scotland and Ireland ; we fufpedted he had contraband goods on board, becaufe fome of the men, we foUnd drunk, told us, they had gunpowder and cables on board : So we refolved to. examine her ftridtly, put twelve men on board her, and kept the Swedifb mafter, and twelve of his mehj^ On board our foips. The next morning, after we had examined' the men, and fearched the foip, we found it difficult to prove foe was a prize; and not willing to lofe time to carry her into, any harbour to examine her farther, we let her go. without the leaft embezzlement; The mafter TO MAGELLANICA, &c. ag^ Biafter give me two hams, ar^d fome rough-dried'?^^* beef; and! gave him a dozen bottles of Redftnak cy- ^""^ der. They faluted us at parting with four guns : She belonged to Stadt near Hamburgh, and was a frigate- built foip, of 2 2 guns, about 270 tons. While I was on board the Swede yefterday, our men mutinied ; the ringleaders being our boatfwain, and three other infe riour officers. This morning, the chief officers having kept with me in the after-part of the fliip, we confin ed the authors of this diforder, in which there was not one fpreigner concerned : We put ten of the muti neers in irons, a failor being firft foundly whipped for exciting the reft to join him; others, lefs guilty, I punifoed and difcharged ; but kept the chief officers all armed, fearing what might happen. The fliip's company feeming too much inclined to favour the mu tineers, made me more eafy to forgive : Some begged pardon, and Others I was forced to wink at : Howe ver, they began to find their defign fruftrated, which was to make a prize of the Swede, ;who they alledged had much contraband goods aboard, thpugh we cpuld fee nOne : Yet they obftinately infifted, that we appa rently gave away their intereft, by letting her go with out plundering her. I laboured to convince them of the neceffity of our making difpatch ; and that, if we fpuld make her a prize, it wpuld unman our foips too much to fend her into any port ; befides other difad- yantages it might procure to ourfelves and owners, foould we be miftaken; which pacified the major part: Our confort's men were at firft very uneafy; but, find ing the malecontents quelled aboard our fhip, they all Jiept quiet. We had afterwards a great deal of trou ble with thefe fellows, who did us more mifchief when in irons than before, by ftirring up the men to refeafe them; pretehding, that they fufiired in the caufe of the crew, and therefore the crew ought to -rife and re- • feue them. This determined me to miake -fome exam ples ; but I ftill refolved to go the mildeft way to work i could; and therefore began with removing Giles Cajh from MO WOODES ROGERS, iyoS. frpm being bpatfwain, and made anpther in his room,- *"'*^ without intending any thing farther. But,, on Sep tember 4th, this inteftine ftorm rofe higher than ever; for a failor came up to me at the fteerage-door, with the. beft part of the foip's company at his heels, de manding the boatfwain immediately out of cuftody: Upon this, I defired him to fpeak with me by himfelf on the quarter-deck; which he, did ; where the officers .affifting me, I feized him, and made one pf his chief cpmrades whip him. This mei:hod I thought beftfor • breaking any unlawful friendfoip among themfelves-, which, with different corredtions to other offenders, al layed the tumult; fo that now they began to fubmit quietly, and thofe in irons begged pardon, and pro mifed amendment. This mutiny wpuld not have been eafily laid, iwere it not for the .number of our .officers, which we began to find very neceffaryi;to bring pur crevy to order and difcipUne ; which is always very difficult in privateers; and without which it is impof fible to carry on any diftant undertaking like ours. The next, evening, vve put our old boatfwain on board the Crown galley in irons ; and fent home letters to our owners, by the commander, to juftify our condudt in treating hira fo harfoly. The next day I difcharged the prifoners out of irpns,- pn their humble fubmifliPh, and moft folemn promifes of dutiful behaviour for the fu ture : Such among them as were petty officers, we re ftored to their commands, and all pn board were forbid to di (obey or reproach them, on account pf any paft /errours in their condudt ; fo that now we were all <5uiet again, and the crew in exceedifig good humour, things having ended much -beyond their expe-dtationSj there not being a man in irons who •would riot wilhng' ly have compounded fpr a whipping; and were there fore exceffive briflc and dfligent.tp foow their gratitude fpr having efcaped it. On the 1 8th, at .five in the morning, we faw a fa9 Tiight a-head, between Fuerteventura and Grand Canary: We chafed, and at ten came up with and took her, being TO MAGELLANICA, drc 241 beirig a fmall Spanifh foip, bpund frpm Teneriff to Fit- 1706' erteventura, with feveral men and wpmeri paffengers, ^-'^^ and laden with fundry forts of goods : The heXt day, at eight in the morning, bore away for Oratavia road, where we ftood off and on, arid fent away the prize's boat, with one of theow/ners agents, a prieft, and the mafter of the prize, to treat about ranfomihg the veffel, and to get winej provifions, and other neceffaries, for both foips. About eight in the mornings of the 20th, a bpat came from the town, with a letter frpm the Efiglift) merch'ints refiding therCj wherein theyexppftu- lated with us fpr making a prize pf the bark, alleging; that there was a free trade agreed to in thofe iflands, between her Majcfty of Great Britain, and the Kings of France arid Spain, fo religipufly obferved by the latter, that they had caufed an Engliih fliip, taken there by a French pxivateer, to be reftored : And, farther, repre- fenting the danger that might arife to themfelves, living upon permiffion in the enemy's country, if the faid bark were not immediately reftored, for which repri- fals would be made on them ; as alfo, that we foould be anfwerable at home for iritefrrupting the fettled com merce. This letter was fignfed by John Poulden, Qoti- ful, Bernard Walftvho re- fufcd to cpmply. - This paper was drawn up iq the fpflowing terms. - . ' H ha Tk 244 WpODES ROGERS, The ArticUs. to.be ohfefved on 'board the Duke an^ Duchefs. 1708. I. ripHAT all plunder, taHen on bcasrd any prize ^^^ X ^7 either foip, fhal} he equally divided be-? tween tlie cornpanies pf both fliips, according to each man's refpedtive whole (hares, as fhipped by the own-* prs, or their orders. ,, 2, That what is plunder ft^all be adjudged by the fuperiour officers and agents in both fjiips. 3. That if any perfon on ho^rd either foip do con-i ,ceal plunder, exceeding the V^lue of a piece pf eight, during twenty-four hours after the capture of any prize, he fliall be. feverely puniflied, ^nd lofe his fhare pf the plunder. /. The fame penalty for being drunk in the time of adtion, pr difobeying the fuperiour, officer's command, of concealing himfeff, or quitting his poft in fea or land fervice, > , 4. If any prize be taken by boarding,; then whatfo ever is taken foall |)e e^very man's own, as fpflpws ;j wz. a failor, 10 1.. any officer befow; a carpenter, 20 h a mate, gpnner, boatfwain, and carpenter, 40 1. a, lieutenant or majftcr, 80 1. and the captains i po 1, each, above the gratuity promifed by the owfners to fuch as, fh^ll fignalize themfelves, 5. Public books of plunder are to be, kept in each foip, attefted by officers ; and the plunder to be ap-. praifed by the pfficers chofeh, and divided as foPh is. ppfliblq after the capture i every perfon to b^ fwora and fearched asLjbpn as they come a,board, by fuch perfpns as foall hi. 'appointed for that purpofe ; the per- .Ipnor perfons. refufing fhall fprfeit tlieir foar^ pf, the 'pltinder as abPve. 6, In confideration that Captain i?o^^", ?nd Captain Cctirtney, to make, both foips companies eafy, have. given th,e whole cabin-^pl under j which, in all probabi lity, is the major part, to, be divided as .aforefaid, we do voluntarily agree, that they foall have 5 \. per cent. to each of them^ over and above their refpedtive foares, ¦ ¦¦ " ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ " ,' Mi.' TO MAGELLANICA, ^-e. 245 i(] confideration for what is their due out of the plun- 1708* gforefaid. , ''-^ 7. That a reward of twenty pieces of eight fliall be . ^ given tp him who firft fees a prize pf good value, or exceeding fifty tons in burden. ' 8. That fuch of us as have not already figned to the articles of agreement, indented with the owners, do hereby oblige themfelves to the fame terms arid condi tions as the reft of the fliips companies have done, half wages and half foares. 9. And for the true execution of the above articles, according to the intent and meaning thereof, and to prevent frauds relating to plunder, we do adtually qgree, that four men foall be chofen out of the Duke, and four men out of the Duchefs, two for the foip's company, and two for the pfficers of each foip, who are to receive plunder into their poffeffion, and to fearch every, rnan aboard, and coming from each prize ; and we make this pubHc, to the end that no perfon, either, officer or foremaft-man, may refufe being fearched by thofe men- chofen for that purpofe, on penalty of l®fing their foares in the prize and plunder;- and un dergoing fuch punifoment as the captains foall think proper to inflidt on them. To which articles of agreement we have fet our hands, as our full intent and meaning, without any Qpmpulfion, dated Odtpber 7, 170*?!, 1 Signed by the officers and men of both fliips. , 9, We were at this time under fome difficulties up on another account : We had fent our linguift on foore to get refrefoments. After ftaying two days, in which time we heeled and cleaned our foips, and got wood and water on bpard, our boat returned with nothing but limes and tobacco, and no news of our linguift : But, foonafter, there came another boat, belongiii,g to that part of the ifland where the governour lives, with his deputy-goVernour, a Negro, who brought limes, tobacco, . oranges, fowls, potatoes, hogs, bananas, iiiufk, water-melons, and brandy, which we bought of him. 24^ WOODES ROGERS, J 708. hi-m, and paid in fuch prize- goods as we had left of the ^'^^ baj-k's cargo, cheap enough. They are poor people, and will truck at any price for what they Want, in fuch payments asthey can make.' We were now ready to fail, and, therefore, called a council, to confider what was tp be'dpne with refpedt to pur linguift, whp had prpmifed the deputy-gpvernour to wait for him at the ¦Water- fide, but" was not fo good as his word; and, therefore as this appearea to be entirely his own fault,' the officers of both foips came urtanimoufly to a refo lution, that we had better leave him behind, than fuf-t fer two foips to wait for one man who had difobeyed his orders. We were the more inclined to do this, in or der to fet a proper example, that other people might fearn, wheq fent laffiOre; to comply with their inftruc- tions,' and come on board diredtly when they had done their bufinefs, withput'flattering themfelves, that fine words, and fair excufes, wpuld atone for breach of prr ders, ^nd the delay of the voyage, to grsttify the hu mours and fancies of private men. It was, indeed, but a very indifferent place to leavef him in ; but, on the other hand, as he knew the language, was well ac quainted with the people among whom he was left; and might eafily find a paffage home, we perfifted in our refohatibh, and gave the neceffary diredtions for failing as foon as poffible, that we might not lofe thie advan tage of the feafon, or be obliged to double Cape Horn at 'a wrong fe-afon of the year. \ On the 8th of Odlober, at feven in the evening, af ter putting the deputy-governour afoore, where he ^muft lie in ^n hole of the rocks, there being no houfe oh that part of the ifland, we failed, our confbrt having got before us, and lying with a light for us. There were feyeral Negroes on the ifland, that came from Sti Nicholas, find St. Antonio, to make oil of turtle, there being very good green turtle at this time pf the year, which I fometimes allowed our men to eat ; they have likewife wild goats, but in no great plenty, wild affes, Gtiiffea hens; kerlews, .and abundance of "fea-fowl. Captain TO IN^AGELLANICA,' y^. 147 tspi^ti Dampier, and others abpard pur foips, that 1708; had fprmeriy put in at St. Jago, anpther pf thofe Cape '"'"^ de Verd illands, told us, that though this ifland is not pfl ten freqwentcd by foips, yet it is.preferable to St. Jago, for fuch as are outward-bound ; becaufe it is a much better road for fhips, and mpre cpnvenient fpr water and wpody and has better landing. The illand ismpun- tairious and barren ; the plaineft part lies againft this fandy bay, where we rode. The wood that grows in it is foort, and fit for no ufe but firing. They have very large fpiders here, which weave their webs fo ftrong betwixt the trees, that it is difficult to get thrpugh them : Where we watered, there is a little ftream, that flpws down the hill, from a fpring, and is very good; but,. in other parts, it is brackifo. This ifland was formerly inhabited, and had a gpvernpur; but is now only frequented, in the feafpn for catching tprtpi« fes, by the inhabitants pf the other ,iflands, who are, for the moft part, Negroes and Mulattoes, and very poor. The ftock of wild goats in this ifland is aimoft deftroyed by the people of A>. Nicholas andSt. Antonio, The heats were exceffive to us, who came newly from Europe; fo that feveral of our men began to be fick, and were blooded. Some of our ofEcers, that went afliore to hunt, could meet no game, but a wild afs, which, after a long chace, they got within foot, and Wounded ; yet be afterwards held out fo as to tire them, and they returried empty ^nd weary. Thefe iflands ate fo well known, that 1 need not fay much of them : They are ten in number, of which St. Jago, St. Ni^ tholas, BonaVifta, St. Antonio, Brava, Mayo, and Fue go, are inhabited ; the latter is fo name.d from a volca^ flo. St. Jago is much the largeft and beft, and the feat ef the chief governour : It prpduces a fmall matter pf , indico, fugar, and tobacco, which, with their goat- flcins arid others, they fend to- Lifhon. The capital is of the fame name, and the fee of a bifoop. There is alfo a town, called Ribera Grande, which is laid to con- ^Sftof 500 houlissj and has- a good harbour towards the weft. 248 WOODES ROGERSi 1768 weft. The air of this ifland is not very wholefome, arid '¦'^ the foil is uneven. Their vaUeys prpduce' fome cprri W wine. Their gpats are fat, and gPod mea&; and the foes are faid to bring three pr fpur kids at a time, once in four mpnths. St. Nicholas is the beft- peopled next to St, Jago. The Ifiand Mayo has a great deal of , fait, naturally made by, the fun, from the fea- water which is left frpm time tp time on pits on foore : It is knpwn; they load many foips with that commodity in a year, and are able to furnifo fome thpufands, had they vent fpr it. The fine Marroquin leather is made of their goat- fkins. The other inhabited iflands afford ' mpre or lefs of provifions : They have their name from Cape Verd, on the African coaft, from >vhence they lie about 160 leagues to the weftward. In our paffage to wards the coaft of Brafil, fome new difputes arofe a^ mongft, the men -, and, after various confultations, it was refolved, that one Page, who was a fecond mate on board the Duchefs, foould be fent to ferve on board the Duke, from whence Mr. Ballet was to remove on board the Duchefs. Captain Cooke was fent to execute this order ; but Page refufed to obey it ; upon which a difpute followed, that ended in blows : However, Page. was at laft brought on board our foip, where,, being charged v/ith mutiny, he defired to go to the head to eafe himfelf, before he made his defence ; which being permitted, he jumped overboard, in hopes of getting back to the Duchefs, w)xde both the Captains were abfent; but he was taken up, brought on board again, and punifoed,, which put ah end to this diffen- tipn. On the 1 8 th of November, we anchpred before the Ifland pf GraWf, in eleven fathpms water. While wg lay here, there were new quarrels, and things bad cer-« tainly come to height on boaxd the Duchefs, if Captain Courtney had riot piit eight of the ringleaders immedi- , ately into irons ; which frightened the reft, and, in all probability^ prevented an attempt to run away with the foip : Yet it did not quite free us from ill humours* for* TO MAGELLANICA. &c. 249 ftr, on the zgt'h, in the afternoon, two Iriflo landmen 1709' ftole into the woods, thinking tp get away from us, "^"^ thpugh twp fuch fparks ran away the 23d from the Duchefs, and in the night were fo frightened with ty gers, as they thought, but really by monkeys and ba- bpphs, that they plunged into the water, hpllowing to the foip, till they were fetched abpard again. Abput four next morning, the watch on the quarter-deck fpied a canoe, and called her to come on board ; but they hpt arifwering, and ftriving to get away, made pur people fufpedt they had either gPt our men that ran away, or were coming, by agreement, tp fetch them pff the ifland which was uninhabited. We im mediately fent the pinnace and yawl after them ; the pinnace, cpming up near the canpe, fired, tP ftay them, but tp no purpofe -, at laft, they wounded one pf the Indians that rowed in the canoe : He that own^ ed and fteered her was a frier, and had a quantity of gold, which he got at the mines, i fuppofe by his trade of confefling the ignorant. The frier had juft run the canoe afoore on a little ifland, full of wood, as our boats landed ; and afterwards told us -he had fome gold there. A Portuguefe, that would not run away with the father, becaufe he had no gold to hide, knew our people to be Englifi, and called the father back. The man that was wounded could not move, and was brought by our men, with the father and feveral flaves, that rowe-d the large canoe, on board our foip, where our furgeon dreffed the wounded Indian, who died in two hours time. I made the father as ,welcome as I could ; but he was very uneafy at the lofs of his gold, and the death of his flave ; and faid, he would feek for juftice in Portugal ox England. The next day, both our men were taken and put in irons ; and the laft day of this month we left this place, of which I foall give the reader a foort defcription. The Ifland Grande is remarkably high land, with a fmall cliff arid a tip ftanding upon one fidp, in the mid dle of the higheft land, eafy to be feen, if cl'ear. And Vol. 111. I i there 250 WOODES ROGERS, 1709. thereis a fmall ifland to the fouth war4 withput ft,. '"'^ which rifes in three litde hummocks : The neareft. hunimock to. the ifland is the leaft ; as we came in and out wf faw it, and- it appears alike on bpth fides. There is alfo a Angularly rpund white rock, that lies on the larbpard-fide neareft tp Grande, between it and the main at the entrance going in. On the ftarboard- iide there are feveral iflands, and the main is much like iflands, till you get wellin. The beft way, when you open the coves that are inhabited on the ftarboard fide going in, is to get a pilot to carry you tq the wa- tering-cpve within Grande ; pthcrwife fend in a bpat to the frefo-water cove, which lies round the inner weftermoft point of the ifland, and near a league in the paffage is between fmall iflands, but room enough, and bold : It is the fecond cove under the firft high mount, and round behind the firft point you fee when you are in between the two illands. This is the cove where we watered ; there are two other coves very, gppd, ¦viith fpme fople-banks between them, but no fople-grpuhd befpre we come to this cove. We found ed all the paffage in, and feldom found lefs than ten fathoms watpr, but had not time to know or found the reft of the coves. The town bears north-eaft about three leagues diftant from this cove. The i(land of Grande is near about nine leagues long, high land, and fo is the main within : All you fee near the water-fide is thick, covered with wood. The ifland abounds with monkeys, and Other wild beafts ; has pjenty of good timber, fire-wood, and excellent water, with 0- ranges and lemons, and guavas growing wild in the woods. The neceffaries we got from the town were rum, fugar, and tobacco, which they fell very dear, though not good to fmoke, it is fo very ftrong. We had ajfo fowls and hogs, but the latter are fcarce ; beef arid mutton are cheap, but no great quantity tq ,be had ; Indian corn, b^hanas, and plantains, guavas, , lefoohs, oranges, and pine-apples, they abound with, but have ho bread, except caffado, (the fame fort as , ¦ • ' is TO MAGELLANICA, iic. 251 is eaten in pur Weft-Indies') which they call Faranada 1709. Pan, bread pf wPod ; they have no kind of falading. We had fine pleafant weather moft of the time we were here, but hot like an oven, the fun being right over us. The winds we did npt much pbferve, beCaufe they were littfe and variable, but commonly between the north and the eaft. We cleared an ordinary Por tuguefe here, called Emanuel de Santo, and foipped an other, v!;hofe name was Emanuel Gonfalves. I had New- boff's account of Brazil on board; and, by all the inquiry and obfervation'! could make, found his de fcription of the country, its produdt, and animals, to be juftV particularly of that monfter called Liboya, or the roe-buck ferpent ; which I inquired after, think ing it incredible, till the Portuguefe governour told me thete are fome thirty feet long, as big as a barrel, and that devour a roebuck at once, frdm'whence they had their name. I was alfo told, -that one of thefe ferpents was killed near this place a little before bur arrival. Tygers ate very common here ori the .continent, but not fo ravenous as thdfe of India. The produdt of Brazil is well known to be red-wood, fugars, gold, tobacco, whale-oil, fnuff, and feveral forts of drugs. The Portuguefe build their beft foips here. The coun try is now be,come very populous, and the people de light much in arms, efpecially about the gold-mines, where thofe of all fort^' refort, but moftly Negtoes and Mulattoes. It is but four years fince they would be under -no government, but now they have fubmitted. Some men of repute here told me, the mirjes, increafe very faft, and that gold is got much eafiei* at thofe mine's, than in any other cou'nt'ry; The Bi^afilian wo- , men are very fruitful, have eafy labour, retiring to the woods, where' they bring forth alone, and return after wafofng thdmfelves arid their child ; the- hufoands ly ing a-bed the firft twenty-four hours; and being treat ed as ,if they had endured the pairisi The" Tapoyaff, who inhabit fh'e inland country on the weft, 'are' rhe moft barbarpu's pf the natives; taller and ftronger than 1 i 2 the 252 WOODES ROGERS, 1709. the reft, and jhdeed than moft Europeans. They weaf ^"^'^ little fticks through their cheeks, and under-lips, are faid, to be man-eaters, and ufe pOifoned darts and ar rows ; they change their habitations according to the feafon, and live chiefly by hunting and fifoing. Their kings, and'great men, are diftinguifoed by the manner of foaving their crowns, and their long nails. Their priefts are fprcerers ; making them believe, that the devils appear to them in form of infedts ;. and perform their' diabolical worfoip in the night, when the women make a difmal howling, which is their chief devptipn : They allpw pplygamy, yetpunifo adultery by death j and when ypung wpmen are marriageable, , but cpurted by nobody, their mothers carry them to their prin ces, who deflower them, and this they reckon a great honour. Some of thefe people were much civilized by the Dutch, and very ferviceable to them, but ftill kept under fubjedtion to their .own kings. We continued our voyage, coafting very far to thefouth, where we endured great cold, which affedted our men extreme ly, infomuch that a third part of both foips cpmpanies fell fick ; and this induced us tp bear away fpr the ifland of Juan Fernandez ; which we, however, did not find very eafily, on account of its being laid dpwn dif ferently in all the charts ; and Captam. Dam fier was likewife a good deal at a lofs, thpugh he had been here ib often, and thpugh he had a map of the ifland in his head, that agreed exadtly with the country when we came to fee it : Which ought to. induce fea-officers to prefer what is properly their bufinefs to idle amufe- ments ; fince, with all this knowledge, we were , forced to make the main-land of Chili in order to find this ifland, and did not ftrike it without difficulty at laft. ¦ On February ift, 1709, we came before that ifland, having had a gopd pbfervation the day before, and fpund our latitude to be 34 degrees 10 minutes fputh. In the afternoon, we hoifted out our pinnace; and i^aptam Dover, with the boat's crew, went in her to go afoore, though we could not be lefs than four leagues TO MAGELLANICA, eff. 253 leagues off. As foon as the pinnace was gone, I wenti7®9- on bpard the Duchefs, whp admired pur boat attempt- ^""'^ ing going afopre at that diftance frpm land. It was a- gainft my inclination ; but, tP pblige Captain Dover, I let her gp ; As fopn as it was dark, we faw a light afoore. Our boat was then about a league from the ifland, and bore away for the fhips as fppn as foe faw the lights : We put our lights aboard for the bpat, though fpme were pf opinion, the lights we faw were our boat's lights : But, as night came on, it appeared tPo large for that : We fired pur quarter-deck, gun, and feveral mufquets, foowing lights in our mizen and fore-forouds, that our boat might find us whflft we were in the lee of the ifland : About two in the morning our boat came on board, having been two hours on board the Duchefs, that took them up a-ftern of us,; we were glad they got well off, becaufe it began to blpw. We were all convinced the light was on the foore, and defigned to make our ihips ready to engage, befieving them to be French foips at anchor, and we muft either fight them, or want water. All this ftir and apprehenfion arofe, as we afterwards found, frpm one ppor naked man, who paffed, in our imaginatiohi at prefent, for a Spanifh garrifon, a body of Frenchmen, or a crew of pirates. While we were under thefe ap- prehenfions, we ftood on the backfide of the ifland, in order to fall in with the foutherly wind, till we were i paffed the ifland ; and then we came back to it again, and ran clpfe abpard the land that begins tp make the north-eaft fide. We ftill continued to reafon upon this matter; and it is in a tpanner incredible, what ftrange notions many of our people entertained from the fight of the fire upon the ifland. It ferved, however, to fopw people's tempers and fpirits; and we were able to give a tpferable guefs hpw pur men would behave, in cafe there really were any enemies upon the ifland. The flaws .qame heavy off the fliore, and, we, were for ced to reef bur top-fails when we opened the middle bay, where we expedted to have found our enemy ; but faw all clear, and no foips, npr the other bay next the 2^4 WOODES ROGERSr 1769. the liorth-eaft end. Thefe two bays ate all* that foips ^•^¦^^ride in, which recruit oh this ifland; 'bHit the middle bay is by much the beft. We gueffed there bad been foips there, but that they were gorie ori fight of us. We fent PUr yawl afhore about nooh, •with Captain Dover, Mr. Fry, and fix men, all armed : Mean while we ahd the Dittchefs.kept turning tO get in, and fuch heavy .flaws came off the land; that we were forced to let go our top-fail foeet, keeping all hands tb ftand by our fails, for fear of the winds carrying them away : But when the flaws were gprie, •we had little or no wiridi Thefeflaws proceeded from the land, which is very high in the middle of the ifland. Our bdat did not return ; we fent our prhnacC with the meri armed, to fee what was the occafioh of the yawl's ftay ; fOr we were afraid, that the Spaniards h^d a garrifon there, and might have feized them. We put out a fighal for our boat, afid the Duchefs fhoyfied a French enfi^xx. Immediately out pinnace returned from the foore, and brought abun dance of c ray -fifo, with a man eloathed iri goat- fkins, who looked wilder than the firft owners of them. He had been on the ifland four years and four months; being left there by Captain Stradling in the Cinque-ports; his narne was Alexander Selkirk, a Scotchman, who ha4 been mafter of the Cinque-ports , a foip that came here laft with Captairi Dampier, who told me, that this was the- beft. man in her, I immediately agreed with him to be a mate ori board our foip: It was he that made the fire laft night when he faw our fliips, which he jud ged to be Englijh. During his ftay, here, he faw feve ral foips pafs by, but only two came in to anchor: As he went to view them, he found thern to be Spaniards, and retired from then! ; upon which they foot at birii: Had they been French, he would have fubmitted; but chofe to rifqne his dying alorie On the ifland, rather than fall into the hands of Spaniards in thefe parts ; be caufe he apprehended they would murder him, or make a flave of him in the mines ; for he feared they would fpare no ftranger, that might be capable of difcovering TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 25$ tlie South Seas. The Spaniards had landed, befpre he i709» knew what they were ; and they came fo near him, ^¦^^^ that he had much ado tp^efcape ; for they nPt pnly foot at him, but purfued him tP the wppds, where he climbed to the tpp pf a tree, at the fppt pf which they made water, and killed feveral goats juft by, but went pff again withput difcovering hira. He told us that he was born at Largo, in the county of Fife, in Scot land, and was bred a lailpr frpm his yputh. The rea fon of his being left . here, was a difference between him and his captain ; which, together with the foip's being leaky, made him willing rather to ftay here, than go along with him at firft ; and, when he was at laft willing to go, the captain would not receive him. He had been at the ifland before to wpod and water, when two of the foip's company were left upon it for fix months, till the fhip returned, being chafed thence by two French South-fea foips. He had with him his cloaths and bedding, with a firelock, fome powder, bullets, and tobacco, a hatchet, a knife, a kettle, a bible, fome pradtical pieces, and his mathematical in ftruments and books. He diverted and provided for himfelf as well as he could ; .but, for the firfteight months, had much ado to bear up againft melancholy, and the terrour of being left alone in fuch a defolate place. He built two huts with pimento-trees, covered them with long grafs, and lined them with the fkins of goats, which he killed with his gun as he wanted, fo Ipng as his ppwder lafted, which was but a pound ; and that being aimoft fpent, he got fire by rubbing two fticks of pimento-wood together upon his knee., In the lef- fer hut, at fome diftance from the other, he dreffed his vidtuals ; and in the larger he flept, and employed himfelf in reading, finging pfalms, and praying; fb that he faid, he was a better Chriftian, while in this folitude, than ever he was before, or than, he was a- fraid, he foould ever be again. At firft he never eat anything till hunger conftrained him, partly for grief, and partly for want of bread and fait : Nor did he go to bed, till he could watch no longer ; the pimento- 256 WOODES ROGERS, J709. wood, which burnt very c^ear, ferved him bpth for fire ^""^ and candle, and refrefoed him' with its fragrant fmell. He might haVe'had fifo enough, but would not eat them fpr want of fait, becaufe they pccafipned a lopfe- nefs, except cry-fifo, which are as large as our lob- fters, and very gpod : Thefe he fometimes bpiled, and at other times broiled, as he did his goats flefo, of which he made very good broth, fpr they are not fo rank as ours : He kept an account of 500 that he kill ed while there, and caught as mdny more, which he marked on the ear, and let' go. When his powder failed, he took them by fpeed' of feet ;- for his way pf living, cphtinual exercife pf walking and running, cleared him of all grofs humours; fo that he ran with wonderful fwiftneis through the woods, and up the rocks and hills, as we perceived when we emplpyed ' him tP catch gpats for us : We had a buU-dpg, which we fent, with feveral pf Pur nimbleft runners, to h Ip him in catching goats-, but hediftanced and tired both the dog and the men, caught the goats, and brought them to us on his back. He tpld us,, that his agility in purfuing a gpat had once like to have coft him his life ; he purfued it with fp much eagernefs, that he catched hold pf it on the brink of a precipice, of which ¦he was not aware, the bufoes hiding it from him ; fo, that he fell with the goat down the precipice, a grea^ height, and was fo ftunned and bruifed with the falli that he narrowly efcaped with his life ; , and, when h§ came to his fenfes, found the goat dead under him : He lay there about twenty-four hours, and wa,s fcarce able tp crawl to his hut, which was abput a mile diftant, or tP ftir abroad again in ten days. He came at laft to relifo his meat well enpugh withput fait Pr bread ; andf in the feafpn had plenty pf good turneps, which hadl been fowed there by Captain Dampier's men, and have now overfpread fome acres of grpund. , He had enough of gpod cabbage from the cabbage-trees, and feafoned his meat with the fruit pf the pimento-trees, which is the fam.e as Jamaica pepper, and fmells delicioufly ! He TO MAGELLANICA. 257 He found alfo a black.pepper, calfed Malageta, which i7®9- was very good to expel wind, and againft griping ih the ^'^"^ truts. He foon wore out all his fooes and cloaths by running in the woods; and, at laft, being forced to jhift without them, his feet became fo hard, that he- fan every-where without difficulty ; and it was fome time before he coi.ild wear fooes after we found him ; for, not being ufed to any fo long, ,his feet fwelled, when he came firft to wear them again. After he had conquered his nielancholy, he diverted himfelf fome times with cutting his name on the trees, and the time of his being left, ahd continuance there. He was at firft much peftered with cats and rats, that bred ih great numbers, from fome of each fpecies which bad got afoore from foips thf^t put in there to wood and water; The rats gnawed his feet and cloaths whilft afleep, which obliged him to cherifo the cats with his goats flefo; by which many of them became fo tanie, that they -Would lie about him in hundt-eds; and foon delivered him from the rats : he likewife tamed fome kids | and, to divert himfelf, would, how and then; fing and dance with them, and his cats: So that, by thefavoiir of I'roviderice, and vigour of his.youtfi, being now but thirty years old, he came; at laft, to conquer all the inconveniencies of his folitude, and to be very eafy. When his cloaths -were wore out, he made hinifelf a coat and a cap of goat-fldns, which he ftitch- ed together -with little thongs of the fame; that he cut, With his knife. He had no other needle but a nail ; and, when his knife was worn to the back, he made bth'ers, as well as he could; of fome iron hoops^ that were left afopre, which he beat thin, and ground up- ipn ftotie^. Having fome linen^cloth by him, he fewed him fb'icne foirts with a nail, and ftitched them With the ^orfted of his old ftocking, which he pulled out hn purpofe. He had his laft foirt on, when we found him in the ifland. At his firft coming on board us, he,, had fp much forgot his language, for want Of ufe, that ive could fcarce underftand him ; for hefeemfd tp fpeak Vol. hi, K k " his 238 WOODES ROGERS, 1709. his words by halves. We offered him a dram ; but ^'"'^ he Would not touch it, having drank nothing butwa- ter fince his beino- there : And it was fome time be- fore be Could relifo our vidtuals. He could give us an account of ho other product of the ifland, than what we have mentioned, except fome black plums, -which are Very good, but hard to come at, the trees, v/hich bear them, growing on high mountains and rocks. Pi- mento-trees ^re plenty here, aqd we faw fome of fixty feet high, and about two yards thick ; and cotton-trees higher, and near four fathoms round in the ftock. The climate is fo gcOd, that the trees and grafs are verdant all the year round. The winter lafts no longer than Jiine and July, and is not then fevere, there being on ly a fmall frolt, and a little hail : but fometimes- great rains. The heat of the fummer is equally moderate; and thef-e is riot much thunder, or tempeftuous wea ther of any fort. He faw no venomous or favage crea ture on the ifland, nor any other fort of beafts but goa'ts-, the firft of which had been pur afoore here, oh purpofe for a breed, by Juan . Fernandez a Spaniard, who fettled there with fome famflies, till the continent of Chili began to fubmit to the Spaniards ; which, be ing more profitable, -tempted thetn to quit this ifland, capable, however, of maintaining a good number of people, and being made fo ftrong, that they could not be eaOly diflodged from thence, February 3d, we got our fmith's forge on foore, fet our coopers tb work, and made a little tent for me to^ have the benefit of the air. The Diichefs had alfo a tent for-their fick rrien; fo that we had a fmall town of our own here, andc-' very body employed, A few men fupplied us all with fifo of feveral forts, all very good, in fuch abundance, that, in afew hours, we eould take as many as would ferve 200. 1 here were fea-fowls in the bay, as lal-ge as geefe ; but eat fifoy. Thegovernour never failed of procuring us two or three goats a-day for our lick #en ; by \*hich, with the, help of the greens, and the wholefome air, tiiey rscovered very foon of the fcurvy ; f* , TO MAGELLANICA, £5?f. =59 fo that Captain Dover and I thought it a very agreeable 1709- feat, the weather being neither too hot nor too cold. ^-"^ We fpent our time, till the loth, in refitting our fliips, raking wood on board, and laying in water, that which we brought from England and St. Vincent being fpoiled by the badnefs of the caflcs. We likewife boiled up about eighty gaUons of fea- lions oil, as we might have done feveral tons, had we b.:en provided with veffels. We refined it for Our lamps, to fave candles. The failors fometimes ufe it to fry, their meat, for want of butter, and find it agreeable enough. The men, who worked On our rigging, eat young feals, which they preferred to our foips vidtuals, and faid it was as good a'i Engliftj lamb, though I fliould have been glad pf fuch an exchange. We made what hafte we could to get all the neceffaries on board, being willing to lofe no time ; for we were informed at the Canaries, that five ftout French foips were coming together to thefe feas. The Ifland of Juan Fernandez lies in the latitude of 33 degrees, 49 minutes fouth, longitude from St. Mary' ^ '^ degxtes, 38 minutes, meridian diftance from the fame 4 degrees, 43 minutes weft, the variation of the compafs here 6 degrees eaft.^ This ifland ii high ragged land, in length about fix feagues, and about three in breadth. I know of nothing about it that may endmger a fliip, but what may be feen. We an chored in the great bay, our beft bower in forty fa thoms water, and then carried the ftream-anchor in with the fliore, which we let go in about thirty fa thoms water, mooring on and off about a mile froni the bottom of the bay, where we found plenty of fifo of feveral forts, as filver fifo, fnappers, bonetoes, and a very large cray-fi.Qi. The wind here commonly blows off the foorq, fometimes very hard fqualls, elfe gene rally calm ; and the water we rode in very fmooth, by reafon of the winding of the foore. The man we found here, mentioned at our coming to this ifland, told me, it had never blown in above four hours all the time he K k' 2 ' was 26o WOO'DES ROGERS, 1709. was there. The fituation of the ifland is north-weft *^"'^ and fbuth-eaft, and receives its name frOm its firft dif-^ coverer Jiian, Fernandez, a Spaniard. It is all^hiUs and Vafleys, and, I queftion ' nor, would produce rnoft plants, if manured; for the foil, in moft places, pro mifes well; and there are fome turneps, and other roots, which, I fuppofe, ' were formerly fowed ; anc) there is great ¦ plenty of wood and water, as alfo of -tvild goats, which we daily took with dogs, or elfe foot them. In every bay there are fuch nbiiltitudes of great fea-lions, and feals of feveral forts, all with ex cellent furs, that we could fcarcely walk ' along the; foore for them, as they lay about in flocks, like fheep, the young ones bleating like lambs. Some of the fea-^ lions ate big as oUr Englifhf OT.ex\, and roar like lionsl They cut near a foot in fat, having ffiort hair, of a light colour, wrhtch is ftil,l lighter in the young ones.' I fuppofe, they feed on grafs and fifli ; fof they come afoore by the help of their two fore-feet, and dravir! their hinder part after them, and 'lie in great num bers ih the fun.' Thefe we' kill chiefly tb make oil, which is very good; but it is an hard matter to kill" them.' Both -'the feals, ahd lions ai-e fo thick on the Ihore, that we are forced to drive them away, be fore we could land, being fo numerous, that it is fcarce credible to thofe who have not feen them; and they make a moft prodigious noile. Befides, we met with iiich plenty of ' fifo; as polloc, ' cavallos,;' hakes, old' wives, and large cray-fifo, as good , as our lobflers, l^c, that, in four hours, two men , in a bpat near the fopre, in five pr'fix fathoms water, might take enough to ferve two hundred, men. There are but few birds : One fort burrows in the earth,' like rabbits, which the, Spaniards call Pafdelas, and fay, they are good to eat. One of them flew into the fire at our fick mens tent. And here are alfo humming birds, about as big as bees; their bill about the bignefs of a pin ; their legs proportionable to the body'.;'the feathers very fmall, but of moft beautiful colours. They are feldom taken, • - . or TO MAGELLANICA, 6-c. 26? orfeen, bvit in the evening, when they fly about, an4'7°9- femetimes, when dark, into the fire. 1 had aimoft for^ ^''^ got the wild cats here, which are of feveral colours ; but, being of the European kind, no more need to be faid of them. I believe there is no venompus creature on the ifland. This ifland produces a fort of cabbage- tfee, which is in the nature of a palm ; the cabbage fmall, but very fweet. The tree is flender and ftrait, with knots about fourteen inches above one another, aind ho leaves, except at the top. The branches are about twelve feet in length ; and, about a foot and an half from the body of the tree, fooot out leaves, which are four feet long, and an inch broad, growing fo re gularly, that the whole branch looks like one intire leaf. The cabbage, when cut out from the bottom of the branches, is about a foot long, and very white; and, at the bottom of it, grow clufters of berries, five or fix pounds weight, like bunches of grapes, as red as cherries, bigger than our black cherries, with a large ftone in the middle, and tafte aimoft. like our haws.. The trunk of t-he tree is eighty oi-. ninety feet king, being always cut down to get the cabbage. We found here fome Guine^a pepper^ and filk cotton-trees, -with feveral forts of plants, whofe names I am not. ac-: quainted with. Pimento is the beft timber, and moft plentiful, on this fide the ifland; but very apt to fplit, till a little dried. We cut the longeft and cfeaneft to fplit for fire- wood. The cabbage-trees abound about three miles in the woods, and the cabbage very good, Moft of them are on the tops of the neareft mountains. In the firft plain, we found ftore of turnep-greens, and water-creffes in the brooks, v,/bich mightily refrefo ed our men, and cleanfed them from the fcurvy. The turneps, Mr. Selkirk fays, axe good in our fummer-months, which is winter here; but, this being autumn, they were' all- run to feed;;, fo that we could npt have the benefit of any thing, but the greens.- The foil is a loofe black, earth, the rocks very rotten"; fo that, without great care, it is dangerous 2^2 WOODES ROGERS, 1709.. dangerous to climb the hills for cabbages. ' Befides, ^''^^ there are abundance of hofes dug in feveral places by a, fort of fo>s?Js, like puffins, which fall in at once, and endanger the wrenching or breaking of a man's leg. Mr. Selkirk told me, he had feen fnow and ice here in July ; but the fpring, which is in Septeniber, Odto- ber, and November, is very pleafant, when there was abundance of good herbs, as parfley, purflain, fithea in great plenty, befidgs an herb foundi by the water- fide, which proved very ufeful to oiir furgeons for fomentations. It is pot much unlike feverfew, of a very grateful fmell, like balm» but pf a ftronger and more cordial feent. It is in great plenty- near the foore. We gathered many large bundles of it, drfed them in the fhade, and fent them on board, befides great quan tities that we carried in every morning to ftrew the tents; whieh tended much to the fpeedy recovery 9f our fick men, of whom none died, but twobelonging to the Duchefs'; viz. Ed'^ard. Wilts, and, Chriftopber Williams. On February 13th, we held a confultation, in which we made feveral regulations for preferving fecrecy, difcipline, and ftridt honefty, on board both veffels.; and, on the 17th, we fettled another matter of as great importance, which was, that two men from on board the Duke foolild be put pn board thp Duchefs, and two men from on bpard the ¦ Duchefs on board the Duke, in prder to fee, that juftice was reciprocally done by each foip's company to the Pthier. On the 28th, we hpifted both pinnaces into the water^ tp try them under fail, with a gun fixed in each of them, and whatever elfe was reqiiifite to rentier them very ferviceable fmall privateers. We fpund the nights very cold, and the ¦ days not ne^r fo v?arm as might have been expedted in that latitude, where there never falls any rain, but fuch dews in the night, as are equi valent to it, -though the air is, generally fpeaking, ferene. On May 15th, in the evening, we i^w a fail: Our confort, being neareft, foop tppk. her- She was ' a littlq TO MAGELLANICA, 6c 263 k little veffel, Of fixteeri tuns, from Payta, bound to i7°9' Cheripe for flour, with a fmall fum pf money to pur- ^""^^ chafe it; the mafter's name wasAntoni 0 Heliagos, a Mefti- zo, or one begotten between an Indian and a Spaniard ; his crew eight men, one of them a Spaniard, one a Negro, and the reft Indians, We afked them for news ; and they affured us that all the French foips, being feven in number, failed Out pf thefe feas fix mpnths agp ; and that no more were to return : Adding, that the Spaniards had fuch an avetfion tO them, that, at Callao, the fea-port for Lima, they killed fo many of the French, and quarrelled fo frequently with them, that none were fuffered to come afhore there for fom.e time before they failed from thence. After we had put men abpard the prize, he hauled pff clpfe pn a -wind for Lobes, having foot within it; arid had we not ¦been better informed by the crew of the prize, might -have endangered our foips, by running in farther, be caufe there are fooals between the ifland and the main. There is a paffage for boats to windward to come into the road, which is to the leeward of thefe iflands, in a 'found between them. It is not half a mile brpad; but above a mife deep; has*from ten to twelve fathoms Water, and gOod anchor- ground. There is no coming -in for foips, but to leeward Of the iflands. We went in with a fmall weather-tide, though I never perceived it to flow above three feet whilft we lay here. The wind commonly blows foutherly, veering a little to the eaftward. On the eaftermoft ifland, (which was on our Hrboafd-fide as .we lay at anchor in the found) there is a round hummock, arid behind it a fmall cove. Very fmooih, deep, and convenient enough for a foip to careen in. There we hauled up, and fitted our ¦ little frigate. The higheft part of the ifland appears, in the road, not mUch' higher than a large foip's top- maft-heat. The foil is an hungry, white, clayifh earth, mixed with fand and rocks. There is no frefo v/ater, or green thing, ori the iflands. Here is abundance of vultures, «te carion-crows, which looked fo like turkeys. 264 WOODES , ROGER Sj J 7<39- turkeys, that one of our officers, at li^nding, bleffeS *"'^'^ himfelf at the fight, and hoped to, fare delicioufly here, He was foeagef , that he would not ftay tifl the^boat could put him afoore; but leaped intp the water with his •gun, and, getting near enough to aparcel, let fly at them; But, when hfe.cameto take up his game, it ftunk infiifferably, and made us merry- at his miftake. The other birds here are, penguins, pelicans, boobies, gulls,' and a fprt -of fowls like a teal, that neftle in holes oh the land.. Our men got load$ of them, which they fliinned, and pfaifed them for very good meat,. We found abundance of bulrufoes, and empty jars, that the 5p.«/{/£' fifoermen had left afliore,,. All over this coaft they ufe jars inftead of cafks; fpr pil, wine^ and all Pther forts of liquids. Here is abundance pf feals, and fome fea-lions, , The feals are ,much larger than at Ju^n. Fernandez,, biit the fur hotfo fine. Our people killed feveral, with a defign tb eat their livers; but; one of our crew, a Spaniard, dying fuddenly after eat ing them, I forbad the tffe of them. Our prifoners told us i they accounted thofe old feals yery uhwhole- fome. . The wjnd, always blowing frefo over the land, brought ah ugly nOilbmc ftfiell aboard from the feals afoore 5 which gave me a violent headach ; and every body elfe complained of this naufeous fmell. We found riothing fo offenfive a.t Juan Fernandez, , Our prifoners told us^ they expedted the widow of the late .Viceroy of Peru would fhortly embark for Acapulcd, with lier family and riches, and ftop at Pay ta, to . re- frefo, or fail near in fight, as cuftomary, in one of the King's fliips pf thirty-fix guns; and that, about eight months ago, there was a foip, with 200,000 pieces of eight aboard, the reft of her cargo liquors and flour/ which had paffed /'a^y/fl for Acapulco. Our prifoners added, that they left Seignor Morel in a ftout fliip, with dry goods, for Liina, recruiting at Payta, where he expedted in a few days a French-built foip, belong ing to. the Spaniards, to corhe froni Panamd, richly laden, with a Bifoop aboard. Payta is a common re-^ cruiting TO MAGELLANICA, tff. 265 cruiting place to thpfe, who go -to or from Lima, or 1709. molt parts to witidward, in their trade tp Panama, ""^^ or any part of the i^oaft of -Mexico. Upon this advice, we agreed to fpend as much time as poffible cruifing off Payta, without difcovering ourfelves, fpr fear of hindering pur Pther defigns. On April ift, we-took a galleon, by which 1 mean no niore than a ftiip built in that manner, commanded by two brothers, whofe names were Jofeph and Johri Morel, She was of the burden of 500 tons, laden with dry goods and Negroes, .'. The next day, we took anpther prize; and, on the 7th, Mr. Vanburgh was re- inoved from the council. - But here our authors differ : Captain Rogers fays, that Captain Dover accufed him of great infolence to hin'i ; but Captain Cooke fays, that it was Captain Rogers himfelf that accufed him, for offering to vote with him, right or wrong, upon all occafions. It was a great pity thefe difputes happened at that time, when all things were preparing for adtiori, and a refolution taken to attack, the town of Guiaquil^ however , provided ; in order to which, it was deter mined, to fend the Duke and the Beginning to Payta, the latter to go in and take a view of the harbour, to fee if there were any foips in it, and afterwards to cruife with thirty men, in hopes of falling in, with the, ' , aforefaid Bifoop. This was a feafon of great conful tation, which was foon -fucceeded by adtion. Ancl here I chufe to, follow both authors, in order to avoid that air of partiality and vanity, which ¦ appears in one of them, the world defiring to know only fadts, and hot being at all edified wit,h the difputes amongft two of three captains for command, though it does not ap pear that Captain Courtney was ever affedted with this forr of folly. On April nth, therewas agrand coun cil held on bpard the Duke, wherein all things were fully ,cpnfidered, the cpnqueft of Guiaquil refpTvedon, and a. paper, in the nature of inftrudtiohs frOm the cpmmittee to. the Commanders in chief,.^'was prepared; which, however f6rmal it tn'ight feem, was undoubt- VoL. Ill L 1 edly / t66 WOODES ROGERS, 1709. edly a very right method, and kept, as well as taught, ^"^^ every man in his duty. On April 12th, it was refolved in a committee, not to fend the Beginning prize irito Pciyta, as had been agreed pn,'fpr fear of being difcovered; but to at- ternpt the town of Guiaquit, the enterprize to be con ducted by the three Captains Dover, Rogers, and Courtney; the firft to command a company of marines of feventy men; the fecond, a Company of offkers and failors of feventy-one men; the third, fuch another company of feventy-three men ; Captain Dampier, with the artillery, arid, for a referve, upon pccafipn, twenty-two men : In all two hundred and thirty-eight. Captain Edward Cooke to command the Duchefs, with forty-men ; Captain Robert Fry, the Duke, with forty men ; total 320 men : The Blacks, Indians, and pri foners, were about 266 more. On the 1 3th, we haul ed in for Cape Blanco, that is White Cape; and, at rccn, it bore eaft-fouth-eaft, diftant ten leagues : A committee being held, it was agreed, for the encou ragement of officers' arid men, that, all beddirig and cloaths,, gold-rings, buttons and buckles, liquors and provifions, for their own "expence and ufe, with all ibrts of arms, except great gufts for foips, foould be allowed as plunder, to be equally divided to every man aboard, or afhore, accprding tp his whpfe foares ; that all wrpught gold or filver, crucifixes, or watches, found abqlit the prifoners, or wearing apparel of any kind, fopuld alfo be plunder, except money, womcns ear rings, loofe diamonds, pearls, and precious flxiifes; and, in cafe any thing was' iiot fufficiently explained in this order, a'conimittee fhould, after the expedition, meet again, upon application made to them p and determine what further ought to be reputed plun der, without fraud to the owners, or prtjudicc to the . officer^ and men : that np perfons- foould mifinterpret this allowance, fo as to fecure Or conceal either wrought or unwrought gold, or' filver, pearls, jewels, diamonds, or precious ftories, not found abotit prifoners, or their wearing TO MAGELLANICA, - - ,' The plunder we took here, exclufive of the ranfom we received for the tPwn,- was very cpnfiderable ; for we found there 230 bags of flour, beans, peas, and rice; fifteen jars of oil; 160 ja'rs pf other liquor; fome cordage, irpn-ware,c and fmall nails ; with abput four half jars of powdeir; about a ton of pitch and tar; aparcel of cloathing and neceffiries ; and, as I guefs, about 1200/. in platen ear-rings, §cc.^ and 150 bales of dry- goods ; four guns, and about 2co Spa- . nifh ordinary ufelefs arms and mufquet-barrels ; a few packs of indico, cocoa, and anotto,; with about a ton of loaf-fugar. We left abundance of goods in the town, befides liquors of moft forts,' and fea- ftores,' .with feveral warehoufes full of cqcoa, divers foips on the ftocks,- and two new foips unrigged, upwards pf 409 , ' ' , .- tons,' TO MAGELLANICA, d-tf. r^VJ. tons, which coft above 80,000 crowns; and then lay 1799. at anchor before the town. We were alfo tp deliver V^ four barks afopre, and leave two here, to bring dpwn the ranfom. By this it appears, the Spaniards had a good bargain ; but this ranfpm was far better for us, than to burn what we could not carry off. The hofta ges informed us, that, during the treaty, 80,000 pfe- ces of eight of theking's money were fent out of the town, befides their plate, jewels, and Pther things pf the greateft value ; fo that it is certain, that, if we had landed at firft, and given them no time at all, we had been much greater gainers than we were ; and I have great reafon to believe, that we might, in that cafe, have made 200,000 pieces of eight, in ready nipney, plate, and jewels ; and yet the place had ne ver been fo poor fpr fprty years paft as at the time we took it, there having been a fire about a year and an half before, which had burnt down beft part of the town, and occafioned a very great expence in rebuild ing it. As it was, we thought ourfelves very happy ; and all imaginable care was taken, that every man tPhcerned in the expeditipn found his account in it ; by which' the expediency of the articles before-men tioned fully appeared ; and our people were fo perfedt- ly fatisfied with the ufage they received on this occa fion, that they expreffed the greateft alacrity in the ex ecution of every enterprize that was afterwards under taken. To fay the truth, this is a matter of the utmoft importance with privateers ; fpr, if the men have the leaft jealpufy of their being ill-treated, fuch difputes arife as do infinitely more mifchief than the value of what can be gotten by fuch pradtices. But to proceed with our affairs : When May 2d came, which was the laft day appointed to wait for the money, and no boat arriving, we began to be very uneafy. At length, however, a boat arrived, and brought us 22,000 pie ces of eight ; which we received, and difpatched the boat back again, telling thetn we defigned to leave the p^ace the next morning; and Would carry away, the hoftages. 278 WOODES ROGERS, 1 709- hoftages, if they did not come time enough to prevent ^""^ it. We ftaid, however, tillthe 6th; and then Cap tain Cear/^fy was refolved to depart, being apprehenfive, that we foould be attacked by the^Frencb and Spanifl) fquadron. I endeavoured, but •" vain, to convince hirii, that, as yet, we were not in any danger of being attacked ; becaufe it was not ppffjble, that the French and Spaniards cpuld have received notice by this time at Lima, and have fitted out a force fufficient to en gage us. We failed hpwever, and came tp an anchpr, about four in the afternoon, a few leagues before Point Arena. The next rooming about two o'clock, we werp preparing to fell, when Mr. Morel, and a gentleman from Puna related to our prifoners, brought us 350Q pieces of eight more towards the ranfom- This put us in fo good an humour, that, in the afternoon, we difcharged all our prifoners, except the Morels, the three hoftages, and .three or four more. The gentle man, that came from Guiaquil, had a gojd chain, and fome other things of value, with which he bought PWr bark thp Beginning., which was now of no farther ufe. We gave the Captain of the French foip three NegfQ-'- women ; Mr. Morel, another ; and; to moft of the prifoners, their wearing-apparel ; fo that we parted ve ry good friends. They told, jis, that one Don Pedro Cienfuegos, whom we put afoore at Puna, and who was a man of great credit, had got together a confiderablo fum of money, and defigned, to buy goods of us ; fpr which purpofe- he would be down in twelve hours time : But the majority of our officers would not be lieve them ; but, conceiving this to be a fcheme. fqr detaining us till the French and Spanifh fleet came, were infomuch the greater hurry tp getaway. But, be fore we proceed, let me give yon a foort defcription of the town of Guiaquil, as we found it. Guiaquil is divided into two parts, called the Old and the New Towns ; bpth pf them tPgether cpnfifting^of about ,500 houfes, joined by a long WPoden bridge, fop people tp pafs over on foot, above half a mile in length, TP MAGELLANICA, &?f. 279 kngthj with fpme houfes on each fide at a diftance. It i7°9' is fituated in a Ipw boggy ground, fo dirty ,in winter, '"'^^ that, without this bridge, there would be fcarce any gping from one houfe to another : There is but one regular ftreet along the river-fide to the bridge, and from it along the Old Town. Before the church of St. Jago is a very handfome parade ; but the church it felf lies in ruins. There are, in all, four churches, viz. St. Jago, or St. James the Apoftle, which, as I , faid, is deftrpyed; St. Auguftin^ St. Frdncis, and 5/. Dominic ; and before this laft another parade; with an half-moon, on which fix guns may be planted ; but there were none when we came. Befides thefe, there is a chapel, and there had been a church of St. Igna tius, belonging to the Jefuits, but burnt down. They were all decently adorned with altars, carved work, pidtures, an organ in that of St. Auguftin ; but the plate belonging to them was carried away, the priefts and ftudents being all gone into the woods : Some of the houfes were of brick, particularly about the pa rade, before the fire ; the reft of timber, or bamboes fplit, and fome of them deeently furnifoed. Ih the merchants ftorehoufes, there were great quantities of meal,~ brandy, fugar, cloathing, cordage, and iron. The inhabitants had fome calafoes ; but I know not of what ufe they could be, unlefs to carry them a ftone's-throw to church; efpecially in winter, all about being fo foul and boggy, that there could be no road made for them. This morafs-ground was full of the larg^ toads I ever faw, fome of them as big as an Englifh two-penny loaf There were 2000 inhabitants of all forts, including Indians, Mulattoes, and Blacks. The Englifhment who had lived in the town, told ws that the December before, when they had made pub lic rejoicings for the birth of the Prince of Afturias, which lafted three weeks, they had muftered 11 00- foot, and 500 horfe, all in arms, which came from the country round about; befkies a much greater number unairaed, the greateft part whereof m.uft have been Indians. aSo WOObES ROGERS^ )f 709. Indians; They baited 200 bulls tp death after the! ^-'^^ Spanifh fifoiph, and ran at the ring with their fpears ;' both which exei-cifes they ar? vety eXpert in, alnd much addidted tP. The Sunday before we landed, they had launched pne of the new foips in prefence of the bi-: foop ; who afked what they might coft building, and was itpld, the pne 40;000 dplars, the other more; both of which defigned to trade to ChiU ; and orders were given not to employ the carpenters about any' other work, till the king's tjvo foips, then expedted frorn Li ma, were rebuilt. This town is well. feated for tradej and for building of foips, as lying fpUrteen leagued frpm Ppint Arena, and feven from Puna, Up a large river, which receives feveral fmall ones that fall into it, with many villages and farm-houfes round abput. The water is frefo fpr four leagues below it ; and all alpng the bank grows abundance of mangroves and farfaparilla ; and, on account of this latter; the water is accounted, good for the French difeafe : However;, when the floods come down frorn the mountains, the water is not reckoned fo wholefome, by reafon it brihgs along feveral poifonous plarits and fruits; among vyhich is the Manchinilla venomous apple, whereof all birds , that tafte die ; and we faw hundreds of them dead on the water whilft we were there. They have great plen- ' ty of beeves, goats, fheep, hens, ducks, Mufcovy ducks, and fome forts unknown to us in England; as alfo horfe.s, and great numbers of carrion -crows, which the, Spaniards will not fuffer to be killed, preferving them to devour all carrion. The foips here are built imder foeds, to foelter the men frorri the fun. The town is governed by a corregidor, being the fupreme magiftrate appointed by the king. At our coming, the officer was one Don Jeronimo Bos, a young man aboutfwenty^our years of age, born in the Canaries.' It may feem a littfe extraordinary, that fb young a man fliould be intrufted with fuch, a command ; but it is to ,be confidered, that natise Spaniards, for fo fuch are accounted 1*0 MAGELLANICA, £^r. 281 iccounted that are bprn in the Canaries^ have much 1709. eariier titles tP honpur, than perfpns bprn in this cpun- '^v>j try; and, indeed; by the regularity pf the Spanijh go- goverhmentj it is no hard matter for a ypung man, pf a reafonable CJlpacity, to perform the fUndtions pf ic with credit tp himfelf, and fp as tP give fatisfadtipn tp the pepple. The accpunts which have been giVen of this place by the French buccaneers are fo falfe, that there is not the leaft degree of truth ih them ; info much that, from their defcriptions, it fcarce appears to be the fame place, had they not left infamous marks bf their being here : Eor when they took the town of Guiaquil, about twenty-two years ago, they difcovered, little or no bravery iri the attackj (though they loft a great many men) and committed a deal of barbarity and murdet after they had the place irt their power, which was above a month, here and at Puna. The , feafohs here are improperly called Winter and Sum mer : The Wiriter is reckoned from the beginning of P,ecember to the laft of May ; and all that feafon is foltry hot, yvet, and unhealthy : Frpm the latter end of May to December is ferene, dry, and healthy, but not fo violently hot as what they call Winter. Their cocoa is ripe, and moftly gathered- between June and AUguft 5 and of the other fruits, natural tp thpfe cli mates, forne are ripe, and other's gteeh, all the year." But, as our prifoners furnifoed us with a very full and exadl account of all the adjacent country dependerit on the government of Guiaquil, I have judged it reqUifite to add to this account of the town, a view likewife of the province,, that the reader may perfedlly apprehend the condition of the Spanifh inhabitants therein ; and judge from thence, as from a fample, of the ftate of this great empire of Peru at the time that we were thus engaged in attacking its ports and cOaft ; where we adled as became men who had legal commiffions, and did^ nothing that was not juftified by the law of arms, which, in time of war, is the law of nations. Having Vol. 111. N n done 2B2 WOOI^ES ROGERS, 1709. done this, I foall return to our expedition, artd not ^""^ trouble the reader with any digreffions for the future. The city or tPwn of Guiaquil is the metrppplis of a prpvince pf that name in Peru, gpverned by a prefi dent, with five or fix Oiqdors, which make a royal Au- diencia, or chief court of judicature, accountable only to the viceroy in military affairs ; every province has a governnient pf the fame nature. The goverrtpurs ar6 cpmmonly appointed, or, to fpeak more , properiy, purchafe tbeiroflicers inOld Spain, for life, or gootj behaviour; and in ,cafe any die, or mifoehave them felves, the viceroy may name another during his timej which ought to be but five years ; but fometimes he gets thefe officers of his own placing confirmed by ati order from Spain, which is a confiderable part of the viceroy's unknown profits.. The late viceroy corttiriUr ed fourteen years, feveral new ones having died by the. way. The King of Spain himfelf fcarce lives in mor^ fplendpur, than his vicerpy in the city of /,/»««, where the chief cpurts of judicature are kept, and appeals are brought thither fVofo all courts and provinces of this extenfive kingdom'.. ,1 fliould not here mention the vaft wealth the late viceroy Obtained during his goverijnient, the, fum being fo large, that I thought ic fabuloiis;' but that I was informed of it by fo many hands,' whp tPld me, that about four years ago he ' died, worth, at leaft, 8,6ob,boo pieces of'eight ; and left it tp'his widow and children, but the greateft part to his eldeft fon, the Conde de la Monclo, befides vaft fums he gave away in charity during his life-time, and the churches, friaries, and nunneries that he bu;l^. He left a better charadter behind him, than any vice roy had done for an age paft. The Conde, his eldeft fon, waits here, expecting to fucceed the prefent vice'; roy of Peru or Mexico, if the government holds in Old Spam ; but the peopfe hope he will fpilbw his father''s -example, rather than that of the prefent viceroy : For whereas all fprmer gpverhours difcouraged foreigneft ' '• ' ¦ as TO MAGELLANICA. &c. 283 as much as ppfllble, to fecure the trade to the Spa- i 709. niards, the prefent vicerby does all fpr the French ; for ^""^ he only efppufes their intereft, and encpyrages them ; whereas the Sp^fitrds lay, that he racks, and heavily oppreffes their own countrymen. The cprregidor that laft died at Guiaquil, though he had poffeffed the office but four years, had amaffed 300,000 pieces of eight, tiipugh his ppft was not allpwed to exceed abpve 2000 pieces pf eight per annum ; but all the cprregidorS hiake vaft advantages by feizures, and trading privite- 'ly by themfelves. The trade to and frpm Mexico is forbidden here, under the fevereft penalty; efpecially tranfpprting quickfilver frpm Peru thither, becaufe quantities are brought from Old Spain^ which is impo- jed on the r^finersat great rates.. Here are many fliips employed coafting in this kingdom ; but a trade is fo feverely prohibited between them and Mexico, that all the commodities, with filver and gold in returns, may have little other circulatipn in thefe vaft couhtries, but by the flota and galleons to and from Old Spain. tYet, notwithftanding the feverity ufed againft private tra cers by the viceroys and corregidors, the^ are fome that ufe it, who have no mercy foown them, if caught» all being feized in the king's name, though his Maje fty has little or no foare of it, all fuch feizures (as I am told) being divided amongft thofe officers, and the poor fufferer banilhed, or confiined to a gaol- All Englifto and Dutch goods, except what comes by the galleons, are prohibited here; fo that the private Jraders, after they have, by ftealtb, purchafed them in the North Seas, mult vend them in like manner all oyer Peru. ^ And if the whplefale merchants have not a gpod certificate from the cpmmeree bf 5m7/i?,"""that their commodities come by the. flota or galleons:, whenever the goods are queftioned, they muft difcover .them, for fear of; worfe punifoment, unfefs they have [^ good intereft in the Viceroy, which cofts dear to purchafe and preferve ; fo that the trader makes little N n 2 / profit. 884 WOODES ROGERS, I7Q9' profit, but where the chief officers have a feeling j 'Yet, though thofe mercenary Yicerpys are fo fevere on others, they thenifelves eniplpy the Cprregidqrs to negptiate a trade fpr them by a third hand, which cannpt he dpnc tp the purppfe w'thput being publicly known ; fo that foips are conftantly employed on their account, and carry quickfilver, and all manner pf prohibited gpods, to and frpm iVf^AfW, out of bye- ports. Thus, being their own judges, they get vaft eftates, ^nd ftop"all complaints iri Old. Spain by bribes. The goods they trade for have a free paffage, and fail through the continent ; whilft others, if they do but offer at it, are punifoed as abpve. Their pther ways of gettjrig rnpneyunjuftly are tpp many; but, in foort, in my ppinipn, there- is np country naturally more rich, nor any people more terribly oppreffed. The Spaniards fay, and, I believe, not without reafon, that a Viceroy, after purchafing his place with all that he has, and quitting 0/i Spain as poor as Job,^ comes hither like an hungry lion, to devour all that he can ; and that every officer under him in th? pro-: ¦vinces (who are ten times more than neceffary) are his jackals to procure prey for him, that they may have a foare pf it themfelves. The provice abounds with fe veral forts of good timber, >yhich makes it the chief country of Peru for building and repairing pf foips-, there is feldpm lefs than fix pf feven at a time pn the ftpcks befpre the city of Guiaquil. The chief cpmmo- dity this city, and its chief prpvince, afford, is cpcoa^ which is fp plentiful, ^s tp fupply moft places of the South Sea; they fay, there is never lefs exported in i, year than thirty thpufand cargaus, each cargau eighty- one ppunds weight, and fpmetimes double the quan tity: It was purchafed generally at half a rial per pound, but now much cheaper, fo that the cargau may be bought . for two pieces of eight and a halE Their coafting trade is for fait and falt-fifo from Point S,anta Helena and moft vended at Quito,. and pthes di ftant places within land : A Vaft quantity of timber is lai^en Ta MAGELLANICA, &c. 285 Jsden here for Truxilo, Ghana, Lima, and other fea- i7°9' ports, where it is fcarce. It pays a great freight, and ^""^ is a profitable trade. They export alfo from hence rice, cotton, and fome dried jerked beef, There are no mines of filver pr gpld in this prpvince, but plenty of all forts of catde, and very cheap, efpecially pn the Ifland Puna, where we fupplied purfelves with what we cpuld cphveniently. Here is np Pther cprn but J»- dian ; fo that all their flpur is brpught from Truxilto, Cheripe, and other places in the windward parts : It blows here always foutherly. Tliey are alfO fupplied with feveral forts pf wppllen cloth, and very ftrong good baize made at Quito. Their wines, brandy, oil, olives, and fugar, &c. come* frqm Pifcola, Nafca, and other places to windward : All forts of European goods come hither from Panama, whither they are brought Over land from Porto-Bello out of the North Seas ; fo that the number of foips that come and go from hence^ without including coafters, are no lefs than forty fail every year ; which foows, that the Port of' Guiaquil is no mean place of trade in this part of the world. A market is alfo kept on bark-logs and boats in the ri ver, every day, before the town, with all that the country affords, in great plenty. The other towns of the province are governed by lieutenants, deputed by the Corregidor; above half of them border on the fame river, and its branches ; fo that they can join thefe of the capital in two tides, though at feveral leagues diftance, Porto-Vaco was formerly the metro polis of the province, before the governmerit was re- removed to 'Guiaquil. In the towns, and the whole province, the Spaniards compute at leaft io,coo Inha bitants; but, I believe, there are many more, taking in all the mix'ed races between the Spaniards, Indians, and Negroes, which they divide and fubdivide in to deven denominations. The natural Spaniards arc the feweft by far of all the inhabitants; and, were it not for thefe mixtures, which the fathers of the church keep'united, the Indians might again take poffeffion of ' ¦ their «86 WOODES ROGERS, ^7"^' their country ; for the Spaniards would .be too few to ''*'*^ keep it, and much more un capable of peppling it. Few pf thofe prifoners that fell into our hands were healthy and found ; near half of the Spaniards difco vered publicly to pur dpdtors their malady, in order tp get phyfic from them againft the French difeafe, which is fo common here, that they r^ickoned it no fcandalto be de?p in the powdering-tub ; and, the heat of the country facilitating the cure, they make very light of it. All the Spaniards 1 difcourfed allow, that this rich country is not a tenth peopled, nor are half the Iip- ld bring us in ten days time ; but that we would burn what we did not difpofe of, pr carry away. They - begged we would delay burning the fhips, and promifedto raife what mpney they could, and return within the time to fatisfy us. One of the chief prifoners we now parted with, was Don Juan Cordofo, defigned Gpvernour of Saidiuia, a brifk man, of about thirtyrfiye years of age; l:Ie had ferved as a Colonel in Spain, had the misfortune to be taken in the North Seas by an E»g~ /?/& privateer near Perte-Bellp, and carried tojamaif/fy. from whehce he was fent back to Porto-Bello. He complained heavily of the ufage he met with from the Jamaica privateer; but we parted very good friends; and he returned us hearty thanks, and aftone-ring fqr a prefent to one of the Duchefs's Lieutenants, that had " ient him his cabin while he was fick on board. We al lowed liberty pf cpnfcience pn board our floating com- motiwealth to our prifoners ; for, there being a prieft ' in each foip, they had the great cabin for their mafs, whilft we ufed the Church of England fervice over them on the quarter-deck- On the 15th of June, came oh board, in a fmall canoe, one Michael Kendall, a free Negro of| Jamaica, who had lived for fcMhe time as a flave in the village our people had plundered : He happened not to be there then ; but, as fooxi as he had 296 Woodes ROGERS, 1709- hid ah accbuntof it, he fakly ventured his life to ge^ away td Us'; From him we received "the following re markable account of an attempt made upon the gold mines, in ' -which he was himfelf concerned. His re lation was to this effedt.; That, When war was declarfed at Jamaica^ he eiilbarqUed under the cbmmand of orie Captain Edward Roberts, who was joined in commif fion from the Governpur of Jamaica, with the Cap tains Raft}, Gdldingi arid Pilkington. They had 106 men, and ' defigried to attempt the mines of Jago, at the bottPm' pf the gulph of DaHen. There were more commanders and men catne out with them, but did not join iri this defign. They bad been about five months out, when they got near the -mines undifcovered. They failed fifteen days up the river in canoes, and travelled ten days by land afterwards : By this rime, the Spa niards and Indians, being alarmed, laid ambufcades, and foot many pf them. The enemy having affembled at leaft 500 men, tfnd the :E'nglip being diminifoed to abput fixty, including the wounded, the Spaniards' fent them a flag of truce, andoffered them their lives, after a, fmall fkirmifo, wherein the Englijh loft four, and the ene mies about twelve men. The Englijh, beirig in wantof provifions, quite tired our, and not knowing their way back, agreed to deliver their arms, on condition to be ufed as prifoners of war. Having thus yielded, the Spaniards and Indians carried them in canoes three day's up the river that leads to the fame mines they defigned to attempt, treated them very well, and gave them the fame food that they eat themfelves. But the fourth day when they came to a town beyond the mines, and thought all danger had been paft, an order came from the chief Spanijh officer to cut them aU off, which, the Indians and SpaniJIy troops did, as thofe poordifarmed wretches fat at vidtuals : fo that, in this barbarous manner, they were all maffacred in a few minutes, except a-Scotch, a French, and an Englijh boy, with twelve- free Negroes, which, at the interceffion of a prieft. TO MAGELLANICA, 6&. 297 prieft, they kept for flaves. This man, being one 1709- of them, happened to be fold firft to the mines, where, '¦^'^^ he fays, he cleared at leaft three pieces of eight a day for his mafter; and from thence he was fold to this place- We took notice of this to the Alorells, who came the next niorning with money to ranfom what they could ofus, putting them in mind of the differ ent treatment they had from us, and how grateful they ought to be for it ; which they feemed very readily to acknowledge j and, indeed, behaved, upon all occa fions, with much honour. We fold them good bar gains, it is true ; but, on the other hand, they ran great hazards in trading, with us, and trufted us always with their perfons and money, at the fame time that we had' the effedls in our hands they came topurchafe. On the 18th, a Negro, belonging to the Duchefs, was bit by a fmall, ,brown, fpeckled fnake; and died with in twelve hours, notwithftanding the dodlor ufed his utmoft endeavours to fave him. ¦ There are abundance of fnakes on this ifland ; and, the Spaniards fay, fome are as thick as the middle of a man's thigh. I faw one as big as my leg, and above three yards long. Their bite proves :generally mortal. In the afternoon we had a confultation, and agreed, that the fame bark we took, belonging to the main, right againft this ifland, foould /be given to the lieutenant's brother that we .plundered, and who came over with our bark ; for, being a man in fome authority on foore, we hoped this favour would influence them to trade with us whilft we were here. That morning, Meffieurs Morell and Navarre went a fecond time in our bark for money. One of the fame fort of fnakes, that kflled the Negro, was found on our forecaftle, as they went off, and kill ed by our men. We fuppofe it came aboard on the cable, they being often feen in the water. .^ On the ift of Auguft, the officers we appointed to appraife the plunder, met on board the galleon, and valued the clothing, in order to divide it amongft the Vol. 111. P p oflicers 298 WOODES ROGERS, i7°9- officers and men of each, according to their refpedtive fhares. On the 3d in the afternopn, they made an end pf appraifing the clpths, at a very Ipw rate, a- mpunting tp four hundred pounds; and the filver- hilted fwords, buckles, fnuff-boxes, buttons, and fil ver-plate in ufe aboard every prize we took, and al lowed to be plunder, at four foillings and fixpence per piece of eight, amounted to 743 /. 15 j. befides 3 lb. 12 oz. which was in rings, gold fnuff-boxes, ear-rings, , and gold chains, taken abPut prifpners. This I believe an exadl account. Early next morning'we had like to have had a mutiny amongft our men : The fteward told me, that feveral pf them had laft night made a private agreement ; and that he heard fpme ringlead ers, by way of encouragement, boaft to the reft, that fixty men had already figned the paper. Not knowing what this combination meant, or how it was defigned, 1 fent for the chief officers into the cabin, where we armed ourfelves, fecured two pf thpfe mutinous fel lows, and prefenriy feized two others : The feflpw that wrpte the paper we put in irons : By this time, all hands were uppn deck, and we hafd got their agreement from thofe who were in the cabin ; The purport of which was, to oblige themfelves npt tp take their plun der, nor to move from thence, till they had juftice dpne them, as they termed it. There being fo many concerned in this defign, the Captains Dover and Fry defired I wpuld difcharge thpfe in confinement, upon their aflcing pardon,' and faithfully prpmifing neVer to be guilty pf the like, pr any other combinatipn, again. The reafpn we fopwed them this favpur was, that there were tPP many guilty tP purtifo them at pnce ; and, npt khpwing what was defigned aboard the Duchefs and Afarquis, we were of opinion, they had concerted to break the ice aboard the Duke, and the reft to ftand by them. Upon this, I ufed all the arguments I could offer, foowed them the danger and folly of combina tions, TO MAGELLANICA. {£?c. 299 tions, and exhorted them tP believe, they wpuld havei709> juftice dpne them in England, fopuld any thing feem '"^'^ uneafy tP them npw, pr in the whple cporfe pf the voy age ; adding, that we had done all that we could for their good, and wpuld cpntinue Pur endeavpurs, not doubting their good intentipns, prpvided they were not mifled. With thefe, and other healing arguments, all appeared eafy and quiet, and every man feemed willing to ftand to what had been done, provided the gentlemen, that were officers, and not failors amongft us, had not fuch large foares, which thty alledged was unreafbnable ; and that they could not poffibly, in a prjvateer, deferve what they were allowed, in propor tion to the foip's company. This we did' in part yield to, in order to appeafe thefe malecontents, by making fome abatements on Mr. WMte's, Mr. Bath's, and Mr. Vanbrugh^s foares; fo that we hoped this difficult work would, with lefs danger than we dteaded, be brought to a conclufion ; for difputes about plunder are the common occaiion of privateer* quarrelling amongft themfelves, and ruining their voyages. Another paper was drawn up, for every man to fwear what cloaths, .goods,^ &c. he had received of the agents, and to re ftore whatever he had taken without the agents know ledge, in order to a juft diftribution of the plunder; and every one was to oblige himfelf in a penalty of twenty fliillings for every fhllling value that fliould be found about him concealed, befides the former penal ty agreed on, of lofing his foare of any prize or pur chafe, for concealing above the value of half a piece of eight. And, for the encouragement of difeoveries, the informer was to have half the penalty, and the pro- tedlion of the commander. This paper was objedted againft by feveral of the officers, who infifted, that there ought to be a greater latitude aUowed them to advantage themfelves, fince they had ventured their lives thither on fo difficult an undertaking : Which made us defer iigning it till a better opportunity ; P p 2 for. 300 WOODES ROGERS, i/op for, iinlefsfuch agreements as thefe had been conftant ly promoted, as occafion required, the temptation of intereft would have made us fdfl into irrecoverable con- fufions aboard, which generally end in a feparation, or worfe. Some tirhe after this, I pro-pofed another thing, which, I thought, would prove very advantageous for our owners, and the common intereft ; and this was, the fending Captain Coolie, in the Marquis, with a car go of our prize-gopds, to the Birafils; which commif fion he would have executed. By this- I propofed to fave our provifions, fince he would not have required any great ftock for that voyage, and, confequently, might have remained longer in the South Seas. In the next place, I propofed profit ; for thefe goods would have come to an extraordinary market at the Brafils, and have yielded twice or thrice as much as we could make of them any other way : And, feftly, after fecu- ring, in this manner, fo confiderable an advantage on our voyage, as we muft have reaped from the produce of thefe goods, our foips had been fufficiently provi ded for .attacking the Acapulco fhixp. But my conforts did not underftand, or at leaft would not approve; thefo reafons ; and fb the projedt fefl to the ground, which they, however, repented afterwards, when it -was too late. On the 7tb, we gave Sig. Morell and Navarre their foips, and all the goods we could not carry away, for what money our agents received of them. As for the effedts in the bark, we agreed for- 1 2,000, pieces of- * , eight, which, with 3600 there remained of the old debt for the ranfom of (guiaquil, made 15,000 in the whole, and which were to be brought in twelve days. Captain Cooke valued the money now on board, for the ufeof the owners, 20,000 pounds, and;. the goods at ^0,000 pounds. We gave thefe gentlemen a papef, which might ferve to protedl them, in 'cafe they fell into the hapds of the Spaniards; and we intencjed to have taken an acknowledgement under their hands, as to TP MAGELLANICA, &c. 301 to the particulars of the bargain; but the bark failed > 709. away from us in the night. 1 carinot help taking no- '"^^ tice here of the honourable behaviour of our crew du ring the time thefe prifoners were on board, in order to foo-^y how much they regarded the credit of their com'miffion, and of their country. Amongft our pri foners taken on board Sig. Navarre's foip from Pana ma, there -Was a gentlewoman, and her family ; her eldeft daughter, a pretty young woman, of about eighteen, was newly married, and had her hufoand with her. We affigned them the great cabin aboard the galleon ; and none were fuffered to intrude amongft them, or to feparate their company : Yet the hufoand (I was told) foowed evident marks of jealoufy, the Spaniards epidemic difeafe. , But, 1 hope, he had not reafon for it amongft us, my third Lieutenant Glendall alone having charge of the galleon and prifoners ; for, being above fifty years of age, he appeared to be the moft fecure guardian to females, that had the leaft charms, thOugh all our young men had hitherto ap peared modeft, beyond example amongft privateers ; ¦ Yet we thought it improper to expofe them to tempta-. tions. At this time, Lieut. Conneley, who behaved him felf fo modcftly to the Ladies of Guiaquil, was fome days in poffeffion of Navarre's foip, before we ftopped here to remove thefe prifoners aboard the galleon, where he gained their thanks, and public acknowledgements for his civilities to thefe ladies; and even the hufoand extolled him. We had notice thefe ladies had fome concealed treafure about them, and ordered a female Negro, that we took, and who fpoke Englifh, to fearch them narrowly ; and found fome gold chains, and o- ther things, cunningly hid under their cloaths. They had before delivered to Captain Courtney plate, and other things; of good value. "We gave them moft of their wearing-apparel and neceffaries, with three female Mu latto flaves, and parted very friendly. They, confeffed to our people, who put them on foore, that we had been 302 WOODES ROGERS, 1709, been much civillei' than they did expedt, pr believed ^"^^ their cpuntrymen wpuld have been in the like cafe ; and fent back the hufoand With gpld, to purchafe fome gPods and twp flaves of us. The ifland pf Cor^oBa has been more than once defcribed, and therefpre it is needlefs to trbuble the reader with it here; fpr which reafpn we foall prpceed in the hiftpry pf the vpyage, Auguft nth, we failed, and, the next mprning, came up with a bark which created fo much uneafi-' nefs ;i and put Mr. Selkirk and his crew on board her. As pur foips were but very thinly manned, and there was likely to be more adtion than fince we had been in thefe feas, it was therefore thought advifeable to re- i cruit a fittle ; which, confidering where we were, will feem a little extraordinary : But the myftery will be very foOn explained, by my telling the reader, that, on the 16th, we muftered the Negroes on board the Duke, and found them thirty-five, ftrong able fellows, fit for fervice. When they were tpgether, 1 toldthemj that, if they would behave bravely, and adl faithfufly;! their flavery was at an end ; on which thirty-two of them engaged, and defired they might be improved in the ufe of arms, which fome of them already under ftood; adding, that, if I would allow them arms and powder, thefe wpuld teach the reft. Uppn this, I made Michael Kendall, the Jamaica free Negrp, who deferted frpm the Spaniards tp us at Gorgona, the\x lead er; and charged him to be continually exercifingthem, becaufe I did- not know how foon we might meet with an enemy. I tPpk dPwn the names pf thofe that had any ; and thpfe that wanted, I beftowed names on them ; and, to confirm our contradt, I made them drink a dram all round, to our gppd fuccefs. At the fame time, I gave them baize fpr clpaths ; and told them, they muft luok upon themfelves as Engliftmen, and no more as Negro-flaves to the Spaniards: At which they expreffed themfelves highly pfeafed. The next morning, we few a fail ; and both the Ducheft and TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 303 wc gave chac?, and tppk her in an hpur's time. She 17011 . was a veffel pf feventy tons, and had four and twenty ^""^ Negrpes, men and wpmen, in her. After this, we ftpod pver tp the bay pf Jecames, where the Indians are free ; and, with much adp, by the help pf a prieft, entered on trade with them. On the 27th, we began to heel and clean Pur fliips-bpttoms ; and fent feveral of our beft failors, and two carpenters, to aflift the Marquis afoore. Our men kept one half at arms, while the reft loaded the boats, left the Indians, who are ge nerally treacherous, foould watch an opportunity to faflonthem. Our people, that came off the foore, took particular notice, that the red paint, with which the Indians were firft daubed, was a declaration of war; and, after we had amicably treated with them, they rubbed it off; but ftill kept their arms. We fent them three large wooden Spanijh faints, that we had out of Morell' s foip, to adorn their church ; which they accounted a great prefent : And I fent a feather- ' ed cap to the chief Indian's wife ; which was likewife very well accepted : And I had a prefent of bows and arrows in requital. In the mean time, our linguift and prifoner managed their bufinefs beyond expedta- tion, felling very ordinary baize at one piece of eight and an half per yard, arid other things in proportion; fo that we had provifions very cheap. On September ift, we failed from thence ; and, on the 6th, Captain Courtney, Captain Cooke, and Captain Dampier, dined on board of me, when Captain Cooke complained of his foip being crank ; and that we need not have tack ed fo near the fliore, fince we might eafily have fetch ed the Gallapagos without tacking. All agreed to this, except our pilot, who was pofitive of feeing other lands about 100 or no leagues from the main, under the equinox. He told us, he was at them formerlyj , and has defcribed them in one of his voyages ; and that thofe iflands we were at, lay to the weft of them : But we judged him miftaken, or we had feen them in the 504 WOODES ROGERS, 1709 the laft runs to and from thefe iflands. - On the 8th,' ^''^^ we ran over and beyond where our pilot affirmed the iflands were ; fp that we all agreed,, that the ifland he was' at, when a buccaneering, cpuld be np pther but thofe we were at, and were going to now, the neareft part of them lying 165 leagues to the weftward of the> main-land. The fame day, we made one of the Gal lapagos Iflands; artd, the next day, hoifted Out our pinnace: Captain D(7wr and Mr. G/^k^^// went in her for the foore. The Duchefs's pinnace returned very fbon,' laden with tujtles. In the mean time, we came to an anchor in about thirty fathoms water, about two miles pff foore, it being rpcky at bpttom. In letting go the anchor, the buoy- rope was immediately cutoff, and our foip drove; fo that we thought our cable was alfo cut: But, after driving about half a mile, the foip rode very well. In the evening, our boats, that left us after we came to- an anchor, returned, laden with excellent turtle. We fent our yawl and fome men a- foore, to turn thefe creatures in the night : But to no purpofe; becaufe we afterwards found, they only came afoore in the day. 1 fent our pinnace, and Lieutenant Fry, to found out a better anchoring-place, while we hove up the anchor, and came to fail. Our boat re turned ; and, by ten o'clock, we had our foip again to an anchor within lefs than a mile of the foore, right againft a white fandy bay. I went afoore in the pin nace, and carried men to walk round the bay, to get turtfes. The ifland is high, like, the reft; but fome low land on this fide down to the .fea. It is very roc ky, dry, and barren, without water, like thofe we had already feen. On the I2th, I fent, to the Duchefs, who was at an anchor a good diftance from us, to know how they were ftocked with turtle. At ten the boat returned, with an account, that they had about 150 land and fea-turtfes; but not generally fo large as ours. We had no land-turties as yet ; but about 150 fea-turtles. The Marquis had the worft luck. On the TO MAGELLANICA, Gfr.. 50$ the igth, the Duchefs's people having informed usi7o'9. where they got their land-turtles, I fent our pinnace, ^"^^ which, at night, returned with thirty-feven, and forne fait they found in a pond'; and the yawl brought twen ty fea-turtles : So that we were very full of tlfem; Spme of the largeft of the land-turtles are about 100 pounds weight; and thofe of the fea upwards of 400. The land-turtles laid eggs on our deck. Our men brought fome from the foore, abOuti the bignefs of a goofe's egg, white, with a large thick foell; exadtly round. The creatures are the uglieft in nature;, the foell. not, unlike the top of an old hackney-coach, as black as jet ; and fo is the outfide fliiri, but flirivelled-? and very rough. Their legs and neck are long, and about the bignefs of a man's -wrift; and- they have club-feet, as, big as one's fift^ foaped much- like thofe of an elephant, with five: thick nails on the fore-feet, and but four behind; the head- little, and, vifage, fmall, fike fnakes.; and look very old and black. When at firft furprifed, they fori nk their neckji head, and legs,, under their foell. Two of our men, with L.ieutenant' Stratton, and the trumpeter of the Duchefs^ affirm they faw vaft large ones of this fort, about four feet high. They. mounted two men on the back' of one of them, which, with its ufual flow pa-ee, carried theim, and never .regarded the weight,. They fuppoi- fed this could not weigh lefs than 700 lb, I do not affedl giving relations of ftrange creatures, fo frequent ly done byothers.; but where an uncommon creature falls in my way, 1 cannot omit it. The Spam/irds veil us, they. know of none elfewhere in thefe 1 feas •/ but they are common in Brafil. On' the 15th, we had a fine breeze, came up to the reft, ¦ and. agreed to. ly by, ' with our heads to the. eaftward, tiU. midnight, beingan fight of the rock where we loft poor Hatley, when'laft here: On the 16th, at four o'clock in ¦ thelafterisoon, fie fent our yawl for Captain' Coo;^ and.JCapiairi Ccurt- ney, with whom we agreed to bear away, le^ng fo ma^ ypL. Ill Q^q ny goS WOODES ROGERS, 1709, ny iflands aiid *oeks to the-weftWacd; w;e did flot ca-rfe ^"^^ to incumber purfelves an«i),ng them rh, the night. By, fix, we found the Pfmedy wprfe than the difesffe, aiad, at maft-head, could fee all low rocks, aimoft i«)Snig from ifland to ifland, that we ifeemed land -lociied for three points of thecpmpaft, and no way'c^pen, >b^it tP the fouth-eaft, frpm whence we.eame; fo we refolved to return that way, and made foort trips all night, keeping continual founding, for fear -of fooles, and had from forty to fiac^ fattoqifs water. In tifs rhom- ing, we had got far enough to wind-ward to return. -We could -have no obfervation, the fun being iri owr Ifj&nith, though we found the Weather ir^re much told- er, than in ai^ latitude within ten degrees of each fide, the Equatpr. The Duch'efs (not b^ing fo well provid ed with turtfe as we) fent her boat afoore on another ifland, where they got her ladihg of excelleiJit tnartle, kaving a vaft number pin fopre that theycpold not bring away. We had as ma,ny, pn bpard as we had rpom for. At feveh we all joinfed, fnd agree to lie-by till two in the morning, whence we continued our cpurfe, with an eafy-fail, till day- break ; We were a- breaft of the Thoroughfare, wherfe we tticd for water the .laft time. I ordered a gun to be fired at a ven tures tp fee if it were poffibk' Mr. Hatley dould be there alive, and then feeing, or hearing us, might make a fipoke on fopre^ as a fignal? but we had no ftich^od luck ; fo that our hppes fpr him were all va- aifticd, and we finally cpncluded, that we cpuld do np mpre for him, tl«n we have done already. The iJStLand 1:9th, we faw feveral ipore iflands, one of them a large-one, which we liippofed reached near the Eduinodtial,,and abundance of fmaU iflands betwixt • us. The i9th at nopn, we had an indifferent good obfervatipn, latitude 2 degrees 2' minutes north. We faw in all (fome that we fearched, and others that we viewed at a diftdhce at both times) np fefs than fifty, but none that had the leaft appearance of frefo water. Sig. TO M A G E L L AN I C A, &c. 307 Sig. Morell tells me, that a Spanijh man of war, em- 1709 ployed to cruife for pirates, was once at an ifland that lies by itfelf in latitude i degree 20 minutes or 30 fouth ; they called it St. Maria del Aquada, a pleafant ifland, and gobd road, full of wppd, and plenty pf Water, and turtle pf bpth forts, with fifo, &c. lying about ^40 Spanijh leagues weft from the ifland of Pla ta : but, I believe, it is at leaft thirty leagues mpre, andthat it is no other but the fame ifland where Cap tain Davis, the Englifh buccaneer, recruited ; and all the light he has left to find it again, is, that it lies to the weftward of thefe iflands he was at with the other Buccaneers, which, as I have before examined, can be no other than thefe iflands we have been twice at. We had no occafion to look for this ifland the fecond trip, thtmgh, I believe, it is eafy to find it without farther diredtions. Here are moft forts of fea-birds a- mong thefe iflands, and fome land-birds, particularly hawks of feveral forts, and turtle-doves, both fo very tame, that we often hit them down with fticks. I faw no forts of beafts ; but there are guanas in abundance, and land-turtle aimoft on every ifland. It is ftrange how the latter got here ; becaufe they cannot come of themfelves, and none of that fort are found on the main. Seels haunt fome of thefe iflands, but not fo numerous, nor their fur fo gopd, as at Juan Fernan dez: A very large one made at me feveral times, and, had I not happened to have a pike-ftaft", pointed with iron, in my hand, I might have been killed by him : I was on the level fand when be came open-mouthed at me, out of the water, as quick and fierce as the moft angry dog let loofe : I ftruek the point into his breaft, and wounded him all the" three times he made at me 5 which forced him at laft to retire, with an ugly noife, fnarhng, and foowing his long teeth at me out of the water. This amphibious beaft was as big as a large be r. On the firft of Odlober we made - the main-land Q^q 2 of 3o8 WOODES. ROGERS, 1 709- of Mexico, which Captain Dampier no fooner few, thifi """^^ he declared, it was in the neighbourhood of that place that-he attacked the leffer Manilla fojp in, the St,, George. Our men began to grow ill ' again, and two of them dropped down on the deck, occafioned by a kind of fcorbutic apoplexy ; but^ upon bleeding, they, came ¦foon to themfelves. The next day we made Cape Co- rientes, which, we knew by our charts. Captain Dam pier, indeed, had been here ; but it was a long time ago, and, therefore, he feemed to know but little of the matter ; yet, when he came to land in places, he recollected them very readily. Our bufinefs now was, to look for the iflands called Tres Marias, to procure fome refrefoments ;, and found this a work of difficul-' ty, being very uncertain as to their fituation. On the .4th in the afternoon. Cape Corientes bore eaft north- eaft abput ten leagues : Ihe next mOrning, being ve ry clear weather, we difcovered, two iflands at the dif tance of fourteen leagues, orie bearing north-by-weft, the other north-by-eaft. At noon we had an obferva tion, and found ourfelves in the latitude of 20 degrees 4^ minutes north. The fight of thefe iflands was very fatisfadtory ; for, though our men had their fill of land and fea-turtle, which kept them from the fcurvy, yet 1 found them weak, it being a faint fort of food, except they had enough of bread or flour with it; whereas they had but a pound and a quarter of bread or flour for five men a day; which was done to pro long our flock of bread againft we came to live whol ly pn our fait provifions, and foould be then forced to allow more. On the 6th, we fent Lieutenant- JPrj, in the pinnace, on foore, on the eaftermoft ifland, to try whether there.was any good road or conveniency for us to recruit there. At nine they returned, and told me, the ifland had foul ground near half a mile from the fliore, bad anchorage, worfe landing, and no frefo-wa ter, but wood enough. A melancholy fate to us, our water growing foort. We hauled on a wind for the ' , " middle TP MAGELLANICA, &c, 309 middle ifland, which Captain Dampier, I believe, can i7o?' remember he was at, when he belonged to Captain ^"^^ Swan, and found water. Having little wind, we fent our boat towards the ifland, to view it, before we could get up thither with the foip. The Duchefs's people, and our pinnace, had been afoore at feveral places on the fouth-eaft fide of the ifland, and found better water at every place. On the 8th, thofe that had been on the ifland reported, they faw no fign of any peoples being lately there, but found a human flcull above ground ; which we fuppofed to be one of the two Indian Captains Dampier tells us were left here , by Captain Swan about 23 years ago ; for vidtuals be ing fcarce with thefe buccaneers, they would not car- !ry the poOr Indians any farther ; but, after they had ferved their turns, left them to make a miferable end on a defolate ifland. We kept a light out all night,) and a fire in the ifland, that, if the Marquis and bark, who had left company, faw it, and had a gale, they fnight come into anchor-ground : But, having no fight of them at day-break, I went on board our confort, and propofed' my going out to look after them ;' but they made light of it, and thought it needlefs, believing ,ihey would be in after us without any affiflance. The recruit of cattle, hogs, 'and plantains, at Fecames, held to the Gallapagos ; and we fed on the turtle ever fince, excepting thofe two laft days. This accidental ftock of irefo food was fome refrefoment to our men, and prolonged our ftock of European provifions. On the 9th, I fent Lieutenant Glendall to view the other fide ; of the ifland ; and he told me, on his return, that it was much better than this, had feveral fandy bays, in which he faw the track of many turtle. Upon this in telligence, I fent back the boat thither in the evening, and next morning they came aboard with a full load of turtle, and left another behind them ready turned,; and, which was of much greater confequence, they found pretty good water ; whereas what we had hi therto |io WOQDkS ROGERS 5709^. therto draak was phyfical, and purged ejBcefllveiy. As ^^^'^ we wooded, watered, and furnifoedourfelves withfrefo prpvifioris here, and as thefe are places very little knpWn, I foall deferibe them. The Ifland of Tres Marias lib riprth-Weft, ih a range aboUit fpUr feagues afuhdcr. The largeft ifland is the weftermoft, which appears tp be high double land, and above five leagues in fength ; the middfe ifland aboflt three feagUes. the Iphgeft way ; and the eaftermoft fcatee twp leagues i Thefe are alfo high lands, and full of treesi Near the leaft ifland are two or three fmall, broken, white iflandsi i One of the Outermoft of thefe appeared fo. much like a \ foip Under fail at a diftance, that we gave the ufual figi* nal for a chace, but foon found our miftaket Thefe iflandis have abundance of different forts of parrotsj ' pigeons, doves, and otbet land- birds, of which we killed great numbers, with excellent hares; but itiuch lefs than Purs : We faw abund-anceof guanas, and fom*: ratcpons; the latter barked and fnarled at us like dogs, but were eafily beat off with fticks- I think the water mpre worthy of temark than any think we faw here ; becaufe we found but two gppd fprings^ which ran down in large ftreams near Others-, that were Very bitter and difagreeable, which, I fuppofe, might proceed from forubs and roots that grow in the Water, or from fomfe mineral. The turtie here are very good, , but of a different fliape from any I have feeh; and, though vulgarly there are reckpned but three fprts pf turtfe, we have feen fix or feVen different forts at feve ral times, and pur people have eat of them all, except - the Very large whooping or Ipggerhead-turtle, (as they are calfed), fpund in Brafil in great plenty, and fome of them above 500 lb. weight ; we did not eat of that fort, becaufe then our provifions were plentiful. Thofe at the Gallapagos iflands, both male and female, I -ob ferved, came afoore in the day-time, and not in the night, quite different from what I have feen or heard of the reft. All that we caught in this ifland, was by turning TO MAGELLANICA, m. 31? turning jtl^eniift the night, and were foe's, which came 1709* afoore to lay their eggs, and bury them in the dry '"-"'^ fand; one pf mifery, part of my heel -bpne being ftruek put, ^'^ and ail under my ancle cut above half through ; which bled very much, and weakened me, "befpre it cpuld be dreffed and ftopped. The DUchefs, had about twen ty men killed and wounded : Three of the latter, and pne of the former, were my men. The Marquis had none killed or wounded, but two feorched with pow der. The enemy's was a brave lofty new foip, the ad miral of Manilla, and this the firft voyage foe had made. She was called the Vigonia, pf abPut-900 tons, and cpuld carry fixty guns, about forty of which were mounted with as many pattererpes, all brafs ; her cpm- plement pf men on bpkrd, as we wc-e infprmed, was abPve 450, befides paffengers ; they added, that 1 50 of the men pn board this great foip were Europeans, feveral pf whpm had been fptmer^ pirates, and, ha ying now gpt all their wealth aboam, were refolVed to defend it to the laft. The gunner, who had a ppft in Manilla, was an expert man, and had prpvided the foip extraprdinary well for defence, which made-them fight fp defperately. They had .filled up all between the guns with bales, tP fecure the men : She kept a. Spanifl) flag at her main-tpp-oiaft-head all the time foe fought us : We foattered her fails and rigging very much, foot her mizen-yard, kilfed two of her meri out of her tpps, which was all the damage we cPuld fee we did them, though we could riot- place lels than 500 fhot (fix pounders) in her hull. Thefe large foips are built at Manilla, with excellent timber, that will not fpHnter; they have very .thick fides' much ftronger than we build ih Europe. Thus ended oUr attempt on the biggeft Manilla, ftiip ; which I have heard related fo many ways at home, that 1 thought it neceffary to fet down a veFy particular circumftance of it, as it ftood in my journal. Had we been together at firft, and boarded her, we might probably have taken this great prize; but, after tfie enemy had fixed her'oet- ting- $2$ WOODES ROGERS. 1710. ting-neck and clofe-quarters, they valued us very lit- ^""^ tie. I believe alfo we might have burnt her with on^ pf pur foips ; but that \yas pbjedted againft by all the officers, becaufe we had gPods pf value on board all our.ffiips. The enemy was the better provided for us, jbeeaule; they had heard at Manilla, from pur Englifh fettlements in India, that there were twp fmall foips, fitted frpni Briftol, that defigned tP attempt fomewhat jn the Sputh Seas, and that Captain Bampier was pilpt; which was the reafpn they h^d fo many Europeans a- board the great foip» moft of whorin having, as I faid, their wgalthi aboard, they wopld fight to the utmoft ; and having agreed to pay no freight there, had filled up all .between the gqns with bales, to fecure the men. The two foips were to have joined at Cape St. Luicas, cxpedtjng to meet us off Cape Corientes, or Natividad. This was a great ^ifapppintment to us, and gave, no doubt, much reputation to them : Indeed they defend ed themfelves gallantly 4 3nd, in all human probabi lity,; would have defended her to the laft; and yet, perhaps, they were as much indebted to our fquabbles, as to their own courage and condudt : "Which foows what care ought to be taken on board all fuch veffels, to avoid difputes, which are always fatal to great un dertakings, and fmall ones. We were fenfible of ir^ when it was top late ; but Pur fenfe of it wOuld not rccal what was paft, nor could it prevent what was to come; fpr, inftead pf taking warning, as reafpnable pepple .ihpuld have dpne, by the effefls pf this grofs miftake, we, pn the cpritrary, fuffered ourfelves tP be thrown by it into new and greater difprders, than had hitherto ^rifen during the voyage. On January ift, 1710, we returned again into pprt; and, as we were np\y determined tp rhake as quick difpatch as ppffible in our paffage to th? Eaftrlndies, we immediatelyparted with Our prifoners, giving them the baric, with water and provifions fufficient for their voy&ee to Acapulcg. Then we appUed purfelves to •^ ^ ^ fctthng TO MAGELLANICA, 6c iii fettling our pwn affairs. We fperit Pur time tP the 171O" 7th in refitting, wooding, arid watering; and very' fatisfttdtpry it was fpr us tP find as much bread on board the prize, as, with oui* old ftock, as might fup ply us in pur fong run tp Guam. On the 3d, we fetched out three wounded men from on board the Duchefs, One of theffi, whofe name was Thomas Toung, ^ Weljhman, had loft one of his legs ; anpther, wha was alfp a Weljhman, had his face miferably torn ; and, a third, whofe name was John Gold, was wound-^ ed in the thigh ; and, befides thefe, there was a very honeft Portuguefe, one Emanuel Gonfalvez killed. A- bout this time. Captain Courtney, and his officers, with thofe on board the Marquis, were too willing to com- plimerit Captairi Dover with the chief commarid of the prize,- which, till riow, I thought he would nothave' accepted, his pofts already being above a commander of any of our prizes ; but I arid my pfficers were againft it, becaufe we believed Captain Fry, or others, werd fitter perfons to take charge other; which we infifted on : And Captains Courtney and Cooke came to me^ where they agreed to a paper; that was drawn up while we were all together, in fuch a manner, as I thought, would have fatisfied every one. Capt. Court ney carried this agreement to Captain Dover to figri itj not doubting, but all wpuld be cpntent with what we had cpncluded ; yet, to Pur furprife, they fpent the remains of the day, and, inftead of making Captaifi Dover cpmply With it, undid all, and brpught a paper^ which imppwered him tp be fole commander, without the leaft reftraint of not molefting thofe that foould navigate the foip, but to order every thing as he foould think fit. I fent a letter tp Captain Cotirtnef this morning, to knpw what meafures were going for ward, having heard nothing from him fince the 7th inftant '. And defired that there might be no Ipfs pf time, but that the cpmmittee might meet pnce more^ to try if they would make ufe of their unbiaffed rea fon 3 328 Woodes rogers, 1710. fan:. They were then' all abpard the-MarqUis, wTier^ ^^I heard they had, fince bur laft meeting, cpncerted hpw tP frame a proteft againft me; and my officers of the committee; which was iinmcdiately anfwered by a proteft from me, both which wer(? figned on ,the, 9th. I had always defired, that Captain Dover might be a- boardher; fpr^ ^being a confiderable Owner, we all a- greed he was a very proper perfon to take care of her, cargo, 'and to have all, accommodation that.. could be made for him in that foip; which was of fuch vaft toijfequenee to us,, and our emplpyers : That, in their ^hftru.dtioug tp me, they ftridtly charged me tP ufe the fccurcft , methpds tP bring her fafe home, in cafe we^ fopuld .be fo ,fprtun'ate;;as we nPw Were; to take one bf the Acapulco foips ; fothat;, after the protefts were over on both fides; I defired thev miaht affemble to-. gether, and finally detetmine what the majority would agree on,- that no time might be/lpft : So all the coun cil met again on board the Bachelor;:,, to endeavour an 'accommodation. After a fong debate, they voted lyln F'ry and Mr; StretioH bpth tp adt in equal ppfts,- tp take charge of' the navigating the foip, thpugh under Captain Z)owr ; but. they were npt tO bemolefted or ephtradidted in their bufinefs by. hifli, whofe duty it was to fee, that nothing foould be dorie contrary to' the intereft pf the pwriers, and fliips companies, ih the nature of, an agent, aimoft in the fame mariner Ipto- ppfed at firft;' pnly he. had the title pf chief captain^in that foip, which Was fp fmall a di.fference, where titles were fo common, that we. all confented to it: And, at the fatiie time, they chofe officers, agreeing, that we foould put thirty men aboard .her^, the Duchefs twenty- five, -and the Marquis thirteen.; Whi'ch, with thirty-fii, Manilla Indians, called Laf-Car, and .other prifoners we had left, made her complement about no men. The majority keeping to their firft agreement, 1 was obliged to cpme in tP it, according- to my inftrudtions from pur pwners ; fo that all .our differences, about rbis affair TO MAGELLANICA, fc?f. 329 affair were at an end, and we drank to our fafe arrival 17 10. in Great Britain. In the morning, we put thirty-five'"'^''^ good hands aboard her : the Duchefs and Marquis put no more than their foare. The Captains Courtney and Cooke, and two or three more of the committee, came to me, where we figned a paper for Captain Dover, and the two commanders, recommending peace and tran- quiflity amongft them ; and that, in cafe of feparation, the place of rendezvous was to be Guam, one of the Ladrone I ftands, where we defigned to touch. I foould have been very unwiHing to have committed all this difpute to writing, if I had not been fatisfied that it was no longer in my power to conceal it ; and that, fince it was known in part, I ought, in juftice to my felf, my friends, and to truth itfelf, to give the whole; which I conceive fo much the more reafonable, be caufeit may hereafter prove ufeful to perfons in the like circumftances: And, in fo perplexed a bufinefs as ours, there is nothing fo ferviceable as precedents. As I have not filled this work with a variety of de fcriptions; fo, before I quit America, it may not be amifs to give the reader fome account of California ; the father, becaufe moft of what I relate I was eye- witnefs of, and therefore it deferves the greater credit. 1 have heard from the Spaniards, that fome of their nation had failed as far betwixt California and the main as 42 degrees north latitude, where, meeting with fooal-water and abundance of iflands, they durft not venture any farther ; fb that, if this be true, in all probability it joins to the continent a little farther to the northward: For fooal-water and iflands are a ge neral fign of being near fome main-land^ But the Spaniards, having more territories in this part of the world than they know how tp manage, are not curious after further difeoveries^ The Manilla foips, bound to Acapulco, often make this coaft in the latitude of 40 degrees north ; and I never heard of any that difcovered it farther to the northward. Some old You. III. T t draughty 330 WOODES ROGERS, 1710- draughts make it join to the land of Jeffo; but all ^^"^ this being yet undetermiried, I foall not take upon me to affirm, whether it is an ifland, or joins to the con tinent. The Dutch fay, they formerly took a Spdnifh veffel in thofe feas, which had failed round Calif orni'a^ and found it be an ifland ; but this account cannot be depended on, and 1 chufe to believe it joins to the continent. There is no certain account of its foape ¦ or bignefs ; and, having feen fo little of it, I fhafl re"- fer the reader to our common draughts for its fitua tion. What I can fay of it from my own knowledge is, that the land where we were is, for the moft part," mountainous, barren, and fandy, and had nothing' but a few forubs and.' bufoes, which produced fruit and berries of feveral forts. Our men, who, werit in oiir bark to view the couritry about fifteen leagues to the northward, fay, it was there covered with tall trees'. The Spaniards tell us of good harbours in this country • but we found none of them near this cape. We fre quently faw fmoke in feveral places ; which made us believe the inhabitants were pretty numerous^ The bay, where we rode; had but very indifferent anchor- irig-ground in deep water, and is the worft recruiting- place we met with fihce we came out. The wind, at this time of the year, generally blowing over land,' makes it good riding on the ftarboard-fide of the bay, where you anchor on a bank that has from ten to" twenty fathoms water : But the reft of the bay is very deep ; and, near the rocks on the larboard-fide, going in, there is no ground." , During the ,time of ourftay, the air was feferie,"pleafant, ahd healthful; and we had no ftrong gales of wind, very little rain, but great dews fell by night, when it was very cold. The na tives we faw here were about 300. They had large limbs, very ftraight, tall, and of a much blacker complexion than any other peOple that I had feeri in the South Seas ; their hair long, black, and ftraight, which hung down to their thighs : The men ftark- ' naked; TO 'MAGELLANICA, 6c. 331 naked; and the women had a covering pf leaves pver 17^°* their privities, pr little clputs made pf filk-grafs, pr ^'^^ the fl venture it. Some of them wore pearls about their arms and necks, having firft notched it round, and faftened it with a ftring of filk-grafs ; for, I fuppofe, they knew not how to bore them. The pearls were mixed with little red berries, fticks, and bits of foells, which they looked upon to be fo fine an ornament, that, though we had glafs-beads of feveral cp- Jours, and other toys, they would accept of none of them. They coveted nothing we had but knives, and pther cutting inftruments ; and were fo hpneft, . that they did meddle with our coopers or car penters tools ; fo that, whatever was left afoore at night, we found in the morning. We faw nothing like European furniture or utenfils about them. Their ' huts were very low, and made of branches of trees and reeds; but not fufficiently covered to keep out , rain. They had nothing like gardens or provifions a- bout them. They fubfifted chiefly on fifo while w^ were here, which, with the miferablenefs of thefr huts, that feemed only to be-made for a tinie, made us conclude, they had no fixed, habitation here, what ever they might- have elfewhere ; and that this was their T t 2 fifoing 332 WOODES ROGERS, 1710. fifoing feafon. We faw no riets or hopks, but wppdeif •'"'^inftruments, with which they ftrilie the fifo very dextroufly, and dive to admiratiori. Some of our failors told me, they faw one of them dive with his ihftrument, and, whilft he was Under Water, pU't uphis ftriker. With a fifo Ph the ppint pf it, which Was takefl off by anp ther, that watched by him in a bark-Iog. The reader may believe pf this what he pleafes; but I give it the more credit, becaufe I myfelf threw fome rufty knives? overboard, on purpofe to try the divers, who feldom miffed catching a knife before it could fink abOve three' or foi>r fathoms; which I took to be an extraordinary proof of their agility. Inftead of bread, they ufed a little black feed, which they grpund with ftones, and eat by handfuls. Some of our men thickened their broth with it, and faid, it tafted fomewhat like coffee. Tliey have fome" roots,, that eat like yams; a fort of feeds, that grow in cods, and tafte like green pCas ; a berry, which refembles thofe of ivy, and, being dried at the fire, eats like parched peafe. They have ariP ther, like a large currant, with a littfe tartifo pulp, a ftone, and a kernel. This fort of fruit they feem to value much. They have alfo a ffuit, which grows on the prickle-pear-tree, taftes like goofoerries,) and makes^- good fauce. They have many other feeds arid plarits unknown to us ; but I was riot in a condition to vieW and deferibe, them. They feem to have an I'luriting,' feafon, by the fkins of deer we faw among (hem. They paid much refpedt to one mart, whofe head was adorned with feathers, made up in the form of a cap. In other refpedts, they feemed to have all things iri common ; for, when they exchanged fifo with us for old ' knives, of which we had plenty, they gave the knives to ariy that ftood next; and, after they had e- hoiigh, we could get no fifo from them. They ap- ' peared to be very idle, and feemed only to look after a prefent fubfiftence. They pbferved our men very at tentively, while they cut wood, and filled water; butdid- TO MAGELLANICA. 333 did not lend us an hand at either, or indeed in any 1710. thing that required hard labour. Their arms are bows ^"^ and arrows, with which they can fooot birds flying. Their bows are about feven feet long, and of a tough Wood, unknown to us, with ftrings of filk-grafs ; their arrows aboUt four feet and an half; made of cane, and pointed with fifo-bones, that they fhape fpr the pur ppfe. Moft of' their knives, and other cutting inftru ments, are made of fharks teeth. I faw two or three large pearls in their riectlaces and bracelets; and the Spaniards tpld me, they had quantities of them frpm the inner part pf the gulph pf California,' where they have miffionaries planted among them. Our men tpld. me, they faW heavy fliining ftpnes afoore, which look ed as if they came from fome mine; but they did liot inform me of this till we were at fea j otherwife I would have brought fome of them, to have tried what metal could have been extradled out of them. The Spaniards likewife informed me, that the country in general within, on the main-land of Mexoio,fis plea fant, and abounds with cattle and provifions of alt. forts. The natives grew very famtliar with us, and dame frequently aboard, to view our foips ; which they mightily admired. We faw no boats or canoes amohg them, pr any craft, but bark fogs, which they fteered with paddles at each end. We gave pne pf the natives a foirt : but he foon tore it in pieces, and gave it tP the reft of his company, to put the feeds in which they ufed fpr bread. We faw no utenfils fpr cookery amongft them j npr do I fupppfe they have* any, for they bury their fifo in an heap pf fand, and make afire Over it, till they think it fit for eating. There were in this bay all the fifo ufual in thefe feas. The frefo water here is gopd; and they have abundance of fam phire. They make a fire in the middle of their huts, which are very low and fmoaky. We faw no extraor dinary birds here. I was told by our people, that had been afoore, that they obtain fire, by rubbing two dry fticks 334 WOODES ROGERS, 1710. fticks one againft the other, as cuftpmafy amongft the '^"^ wild Indians. The entrance into the harbpur may be kriPwn by fpUr high rpcks, which look like the Needles of the Ifle of ^?^^/, as you come frpm the weftward ; the twp weftermoftin form qf fugar- loaves ; the inner- mpft has an arch like a bridge, thrpugh which the fea makes its way. Here you ride land-lockt from eaft-by-north back to the fouth-eaft-by-eaft : Yet it is but an ordinary road, if the wind foould come ftrong out pf the fea ; which it never did while we lay there. I think it, may not be amifs to add tp thefe fadts, which canriPt be difputed; fome cpnjedlures, that carry in them, great prpbaBility ; and, if ever they fopuld be demPhftrated to be certainties, would be attended' with very important, and tP us, that inhabit this nprthcrn part of the world, a,dvahtageous cOnfequences. There have been opinions ftarted about the peopling of A- merica ; but that which, to me, appears the moft pro- babfe, is, that ita inhabitants came hither frpm Tar- tfrf, by that northern continent, which is fuppofed to join this country to fome part of Afia : I fay, this tome appears the moft probable, and my reafon for it is this ; becaufe the Spaniards who come hither annually from Manilla or Liiconi^, one of the Philippine Iflands in the Eaft-Ikdies, are forced to keep in an high latitude, for the benefit of the wefterly winds ; and have often founded, finding ground in latitude 42 degrees north, in feveral places of the ocean betwixt the Eaft-Indies and America, which makes n?e conclude there muft be more land ; though none of them, as I have heard of, ever faw any coritinent, till they fell in with California, in about 38 degrees or 39 degrees nbrth la titude. I have pften admired, that nO cpnfiderable difeoveries have yet been made in fouth latitude from America to the Eaft-Indies. I never heard the fputh ocean has been run Pver by abpve, three pr fpur navi gators, who varfed very little in their runs frbm their courfe, and, by cpnfeqUence could nut difcpver much. I give TO I^AGEL LANICA, efe:. S35 I give this hint, to encpurage Pur Sputh-Sea Com- 17'9- hany, .or others, tp go upon "fome difcovery that way, ^""^^ where, for aught we know, they may find a better country than any yet diifcovered, there being a yaft . furface pf the fea frpm the Eqqinpx tp the South Pple, bf at leaft 2000 leagues in longitude, that has hitherto been little regarded, though it be agreeable tP reafon that there inuft be a bpdy pf land4bout the fouth pole, to counterpoife thofe vaft countries about the north pole. This I fuppofe to be the reafon, why our ancient geographers mentioned a Terra Auftralis incog nita, though very little of it has been feen by any bp dy. The land near the South Pole in the South Sea, from California to Japan,.iswhc!dy unknown, although ihe old maps deferibe the Straits pf Anian, and a large continent, which is but imaginary; for the Dutch themfelves, who now trade to Japan, fay, they dp not yet know whether it be an ifland, or joins to the continent. 1 have now done with California, of which the Spaniards would know very little, but for thefe annual veffels, that fail from Manilla to Acapulco. As I have mentioned thefe fhips, I fhall take occafion to obferve, that, generally ' fpeaking, thofe that come from Manilla, are much richer than pur prize; for foe •waited a long rime for the Chinefe junks to bring filk ; which not arriving, foe came away with a cargo mixed with abundance of coarfe goods. Several of the pri fpners affured me, that it was a common thing for a Mc^nilla foip tp be wprth iojooo,ooo pieces of eight; fp'that, had it not been for this accident, we had ta ken an extcaprdinary prize indeed. After my return into Europe, Imet, in Holland, with a failorj, who had been on board the large foip, when we engaged herj and he let us into the fecret, that there was no taking her; for the gunner kept conftantly in the powder- room, declaring, that he had takeri the facrament to blow the foip up, if we boarded her; which made the men, as may be fuppofed, exceedingly refolute in her defence. 33^ WOODES ROGERS, 1 7 10. defence. I was the more ready to credit what this man ^"^^^told me, becaufe he gave as regular and circumftantial an account of the engagement, as I could have done from myjpurnal. January loth, we weighed frpm Pprt Seguro, but were becalmed uhder the fopre till the 12th in the af ternppn, when there fprung a breeze, which ran us out of fight of the land, "We took our departure from Cape Si. Lucas, which bore north-by-eaft, at twelve o'clock, diftance fifteen leagues : We were forced to go with httle or no refrefhment, haying but three or four fowls, and a very flender ftock of liquor : Several of our men were in a weak condition, befides myfelf,, Mr. Vanbrugh, and the reft that were wounded. We were forced to allow but one ppund and an half of flour, and one fmall piece of meat, to five men in a mefs, with three pints pf water a man, for twenty- four hpurs, fpr drink, and dreffing their vidtuals. We ftruek dpwn ten of oyr guns into the hold, tp eafe pur fliip. On fhe i6th, the Bachelor made a fignal, to give us ' fome bread, they haying fpund a. gppd quan tity of bread and fweet- meats pn bpard her, but little of flefo-kind. We had pne thoufand weight of bread for our foare, the Duchefs, as rr\uch, and the Marquis five hundred weight ; in lieu of >jrhich we fent back to the prize two barrels of flour, one of Englijh. beef, and one pf pprk, they having but fprty-five days prpvifipris aboard in flefli. On the 26th, in the mbrnirig, the water was very much difcoloured, at whih being fur prifed, we immediately founded, but fpuiad np grpvind. We fppke with the Duchefs, and agreed to gp away weft-fouth-weft, till we gpt intP the latitude of 13 de-' grees, becaufe our Spanifh pilot told us, it was dan gerous going into 14 degrees, by reafon of iflands and fopals, where a Spanijh veffel was Ipft fpme time ago. Ever fince, the Manilla foip, iri her return frpm Aca pulco, funs in latitude 1 3 degrees ; and keeps the pa-, «allel, till fhe makes the ifland of Guam, On the 28th,, the TO Magellanica, e^fc. 337 the fteward miffing fome pieces of pork, we immediate- 1710." ly fearched, and found the thieves : One of them had ^"^^ beeri guilty before, and forgiven, on promifeof amend ment ; but was punifoed npw, left forbearance foould en courage the reft to follow this bad pradtice, provifions being fo foort, and our runs fo long, which might prove of ill confequence : I ordered them to the mairi-jeers, and every man of the watch to give them a blow with a cat-of-nine-tails; and their mefs-mates being privy to the theft, were put in irons. March the 1 ith, we had figh't of both iflands, the northermoft bearing north- north- weft, diftant about feven leagues; and the body of the weftermoft weft-fouth-weft five leagues. The Spaniards fay there is a great fooal between thefe iflands, but neareft to Serpana. We ran along the foore, being fatisfied it was the Ifland ' of Guam, from whence there came feveral flying prows to look ac the foips ; they ran by us very fwift, but none would venture on board. At noon the weftermoft part of the iflarid bore weft; and, at the fame time, we made a low fmall ifland, joining to Guam, with a fooal be tween it and Guam. The ifland appeared green, and very pleafant: ©ff it there runs a fpit of fand to the fouthward ; but, keeping it a good birth from you, as you come near it, there is no danger, being gradual foundings to the fooal. After we were clear of it, we fprung our loof, and ftood in for 'the harbour, which lies midway betwixt this and the north part of the ifland. There came heavy flaws of wind off foore, fometimes for us, and at other times againft us ; but we got to an anchor in the afternoon in twelve fa thoms water, about half a mile off foore, where there was a little viUage. The fmall ifland to the fouth bore " fputh of us, diftant about three feagues ; and another fmall one to the northward bore north-north-weft ; a- bout two leagues. The neceflity of our ^ftopping ^c thefe iflands to get a refrefoment of provifions was very great, our fea-ftore being aimoft exhaufted ; arid what Vol ui. U u we 33,8 WPQDES ROGEILS, 1710. vFe had left was very ordinary, efpecially our ^"""^ bread and flour, which was not enough fpr fourteen days, at the foorteft allowance. In prder tp recruit quietly, \ye endeavpured tP get fome of the natives a- bpard, that were in the prows, to keep them as hpf- tageSi in cafe of fending afiy of pur men to the Go vernour, One ©f them, as y/e were turning into the harbour with Spanijh colours, came under our fterri: There -were two Spaniards in the boat, who, on our affuring them that we were friends, carie on board; and, foon after, came a meffage fromi the Governour, to whom we wrote a very refpedtfuD fetter, and the next day received a civil alnfwer tP it, with a generpus' offer of any thing the ifland afforded ; whicb made us very eafy. On the ,13th, an entertainment Was pro vided on board the Bachelor for the Spanijh gentlemen,, . to which. I was carried, being not able tp move my felf; but was hpifted in a chair out of the fhip into the Bachelor, where we agreed, that a deputadPn fopuld he fent from each foip to wait on the Gpvernpur with an handfbrne prefent, in acknowledgment fqr his great civility, and the readinefs he exprefled tP fupply us. On the 15th, there was anpther entertainment pn board the Marquis, to which I was Carried as to the fprmer r and, after which, a cpmmittee was held, ip which our former refolution was confirmed. On the 1 6th,. our pinnace went with feveral of our officers to the go vernour's afoore, who received them with all imagip- . able friendfoip and refpedt, having near 200 men drawn up in arms at their landing, and the officers and clergy of the ifland to cpnduft them to the Gover nour's houfe, which was a very handfome feat, cpnfi- dering Where, we found it.' They entertained them with at leaft fixty difoes of feveral fprts, the beft that cpuld be got in the ifland ; and when they took their leaves, each fired a volley of fmall arms. They pre fented the Governour, _ according as we had a- greed, with two Negro boys, dreffed in liveries,. twenty TO MAGELLANfiCA, * ope of which had like to have broken pn the Marquisy \r^. hut the Duchefs, by firing twp foot, broke it before it reached her. We faw a very large tree afloat, with a piultitude of fifo about it, and two large iflands, the fouthermoft bearing fouth-weft, diftant about eight feagues, and the nprthermoft weft- north- weft, feyen leagues, both being the fame land wc faw the day be-| fore ; and the latter then we then fuppofed to be th? fputh-eaft part of Moratay ; and the pther, the north part of Gilolo, In this cpndition, we failed till towards the latter end of the month ; with this additional yexation, that our foip was fo leaky, that it was as much as four of our men were able to do to keep her free half an hpur. Captain Dampier difcpuraged us very m.uch : He had been twice here, and therefpre_ what he faid amongft the feamen, paffed without dif pute; and he laid it down as a thing certain, that, if we could not reach Ternate, or find the ifland of Tula, \t was impoffible for us to get any refrefoment, there being nothing to be met with on the coaft of New^ Guinea. There were, in the mean time, great heart burnings on board all the foips about the redudlion of our allowance, fo that we were obliged to enlarge it again ; fo little is reafon able to prevail againft hun ger. We held frequent confultations, but to very little purppfe ; and, thpugh wc failed the beft part pf the month of May through the Straits of New-Guinea, yet we were able to obferve nothing worth mention ing, except that it is moft certain, thefe iflands which ¦ are fcattered through the Straits, and few or npne pf which are peopled, would all of them bear fpice, and afford immenfe riches to this nation, if they were fet- ^ tied. It may, indeed, be objedted; that, from the ac count I have given of the difficulty of this paffa,ge, no great encouragement can arife to the fixing colonies or plantatipns there : But, to this I anfwer; That this difficulty arifes intirely from the want of proper charts, -;--' ' , ¦ ¦ ¦- ^ ' ' for ' U^ WOODES ROGETIS, 1710. for the diredlioh of fuch as fail in thofe feas; and thefe ^^^ might Certainly be Very foon provided, if fuch fettle ment came once to be confidered as a national con- icerri. The paffage, otherwife, is not either difficult dr dangerous : But, when men are at a lofs ho^ to ftfeisr, are foort of proyjfibns, in leaky (hips, and clog ged with great cargoes, they may have many reafpns to "cpmplain, whifch. With good management, might ne ver befal any of the veffels employed in fettling thofe iflands. On the 1 8th of May, we paffed between the high-land of Ne'w-Guinea and the IpW-land of Gilolo: And, on the 20th, we made another high ifland. Which we tPOk ix) be Ceram ; and Captain Dampier was in clined tb think our conjedture was right. Ori May 24th, being irt the latitude qf the Ifland pf Bouro, we expedted to make that land, which is about twenty leagues to the fouth-weft of Ceram, and near the fame diftance, in a parallel with Arrfboytta, which we defigned to have touched at, if the Wind had proved favourable j But, as the fputh-eaft mpnfpdn WaS now fet in. We were put of hopes of reaching it ; and, notwithftanding the; fkill of Captain t)ampier, we werfe ftill very dpuotful, whether the ifland we pilfed by laft -^as Cerdm of Boitro. ]^y' an' obfervation We had %t flobn, it appeared, that we were in 4 degtefeg, 30 rt\\-: hutes fouth latitude, and 237 degrees, 29 miriutes lon gitude weft froni London, As we wete npw in the lati tude of thfe" foUthern part of Bouro, we imputed Our riot feeing it to the cqrrerits ftttirig us to the wfeft- •watd of it. The next day, We came to a refolution flOt tb fpend any more time in fearching for Botito ; as alfo to drop oiir defi^h of going xp.Arh&syna, artd 'to make the beft t^f our Way for the Straits of BautoH : where. If We arrived fafely, we might get provifioris fufHcierit to cafry ds to Batavia. In purfuance pf this agreement, we hauled away fouth-weft-by-(oUth for them, having a ffefh gale bf wind at eaft-, but, by tWo in the tnorning, we fell in with a parcel of iflinds th the TO MAGELLANIQA, isc* 342 the eaftward of i?o«/«» ; and had certainly been afoore 1710- on one of them, had npt the weather cleared up at once. *^"'*^ We made a foift, and wpre : The fhips then ftpptjl pff riorth-caft from the land till day-break, when we faw it trending frbm fouth-by-eait, tP fouth- weft- by- fouth, about fix leagiies diftance, which made a. fine large bay ; but, as we ftood in, we perceived an openings and that there Were two iflands, with three lyisg thwart the outlet io the fouthward of both : We hoift ed out our pinnace* and fent her afoore; the Duchefs did the fame, from whence they brpught pff fome cck coa-nuts, Of Which there were plenty there; and told us there were Malafim inhabitants, who feemed to be very friendly. Up the bay we , faw feveral boats, houfes, and abundance of the native Malayans walking along the foore : We fent in our boats for prpvifipns and pilpts, and myfelf and the Marqui^ turned up very " near tp the tPwn; but^ fpunding feveral times, fpund no ground. The natives informed us, there was a bank, oppofite to the town, vyhere we might anchor. Abundance of people came pff with Indian wheat, cp- cpa-nuts, yams, ppt^tpes, papas, hens, and feveral forts of birds, to truck with us for clpaths, knives, feiffars, and other toys, being very cjvil to all appear ance. They are Mahometans, of a middle ftature,, and tawney; but the women are foipewhat cfe^rer thap the men; having very Ipng black hajr, their mpuths, lips, npfes fmall ; they wear a linen waiftcoat, which reaches pnly tp the lower part pf their breafts ; and abput their waift a piece of clpth, three or four yards wide, and a yard deep, which they wrap about them, inftead of a petticoat. The men that came pff vt-ere all naked> having only- a cloth rplkd about their m'jddfe, to cover what ought tP be; fome of the better fort of peqpfe had a Iqofe fort pf wajftcpat, and a piece of linen rolled abput their heads, with a cap pf palm-tree leaves, to keep the fun frpm fcprching. They brought off feve ral cicatpes and parrots, very fine birds. Along the Ihore-fide, we faw feveral weirs they had to catch fifo. Ia 344 . tVOODES ROGERS, 1710. In turhingup, we fpund the current very fttpng agdinfr "'"'^us, and the prize loft' ground confiderably; wherefore,' ' in the evening, the D^chejs fired a gun ; we ran put, and drpve all night. , The names of thefe two iflands are Cambava and Wdnfhut : Thefe iflands lie in latitude 5 degrees, 13 minutes, longitude 238 weft from Lon don. We ftood from thofe iflands to the weftward, and ran along-foore, as near as we durft, to weather- the weftermoft point of land, where we expedted to find an harbpur ; but, as we came near it, fpund a Ipng tradl of high ' land, trending to the fouth ward as far as fouth-weft and by-fouth : We agreed in opinion that was the Ifland Bouton, but that we had overfhot the Straits. We made fail, to fee if we could difcover any land farther to the fouthward ; but, find- ' ing none, we failed on, keeping the wind as near as- poffible, becaufe of the current, which fets ftrong to the fouth-weft. By two o'clock in the morning, we were near a fmall ifland, that bore fouth-fouth-weft of us about two feagues ; but, havihg. clear weather, we ftood from it till day-break, there being no other land ¦ near it that we faw, except that we came from, which wc had opened five ppints farther to the weftward. I was unwilling to adt any longer without the corifent of the committee: So the major part of us met aboard the Duchefs, where we agreed to ftand back and make the land plain, fo as to be fully farisfied what it was, and withal to find a recruit of water and wood, before we proceeded any farther, being in want of every thing, being then in fouth latitude 5 degrees, 50 ¦ minutes, longitude 238 degrees, 38 minutes weft from London, In purfuance of this agreement, we ftood back the next day, and made fittle or no fail all night, In the morning, we had very fine clear weather, and made ' the larid exceeding plain, which was very high, with iflands under it. It looked moft of it- as if inhabited, being pretty thick of wood, and prpmifing us, in other refpedts, plenty of refrefoments; but our misfortune was, we could not meet here with any ground that would TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 345 Vrould hold our anchors ; and, the next day, theX>a-i7'o. chefs, ftanding over to the other fide of the bay, had ""^^ 'to better fortune, but was forced to return, without 'anchoring, to us again. A little before flie came back, our boat, which we had fent on foore, returned ; the people On board having, by prefents, engaged fome of the Malayans to come on board with them ; in which they certainly judged right, though we could make no ufe of their inteUigence for want of an interpreter : I fent to the Bachelor, whp had pne ; but Captain Dover 'refufed to let him come to me, notwithftanding he had no ufe for him : Then I fent a fecond time, that I might know the beft anchoring-place for our foips, and treated the people With fweetmeats, and other things they fancied, but could not keep them, or fend them aboard the Bachelor to fecure her, feeing white fooal-water near us ; but they paffed by us, in danger 'of running on the fooals, not knowing- the beft an- chofrng-place for Want of the linguift, I fo earneftly defired to underftand the Malayans that had now left !us. At parting, they made figns, and pointed to the land to the northward, which they called Booroo, Our pilot. Captain Dampier, fays he has been formerly through the Straits ;' and, in his book, -tells us of a town, near the fouth part of them, where the King ;refided; but he knew nothing of it now, except the bare ftory. Upon this. We agreed to fend one of the pinnaces and the linguift along with him, to find out the town, being Willing to venture him to wait on his Majefty the King of Bouton, to folicit for a fupply pf prpvifions, for Which we WOuld gladivpay ; and, to make the better appearance, we fent Mr, Vanbrugh and Mr. Connely along With him. , The water flows here above fifteen feet. There are places near to the town, which lie to the northward fix leagues, from whence we rpde, where a foip might, on occafion, be laid afopre to refit ; and we could have carried the Duke thither to ftpp her ieaki but were not willing to lofe time, fince we found Voj,. UL X X Vi 34<5 WOODES ROGERS, ^ 1710. it did not increafe more than pne pump cpuld vent* ^"^^ which we had men enough to keep continually going. On the 30th, in the morning, a prow came from , the king, with a nobleman on board, who had neither fooes nor ftockings ; and a pilot to carry us up to town. The firft queftion this Indian Lord afked, af ter he came on board, was. How we durft cpme tP an anchor there, without leave firft had and obtained of the great King of Bouton ? He brought each command er a piece, of Bouton ftripped cloth, a bottle of arrack, foipe rice in baflcets, &c. as a prefent from the king j as alfo a letter from the officers we had fent afo'ore, gi ving an account, that they had been very well recei ved ; and that the town where the king refided, is large,, walled, and fortified, and has feveral great guns: Another prefent was returned, and five guns fired by* every foip,- at the meffenger^s going off, at which he feemed very well pleafed. We wooded and watered at the iflan^, Sampo, and feveral prows Came off to us with fowl, Inditffi^ coxri^ pompions, papas, lemons, Guinea corn, &c. which they trucked for knives, feiffars, old clpaths, &c. The people were civil, but fold very dear ; yet our officer.i making a longer ftay at the town than was intended,- We began to fufpedt they werede-! tained, thofe Moors being very treacherous : Howe-* ver, we heard from them: every day ; and, on June 5, the Duchefs's pinnace came down with Mr. Connely^ who told -us, there were foUr lafts of rice coming, ¦ which was bought of the King, and cpft 600 dollars, 50 dollars in tale being allowed to make up the weighty becaufe the royals were bgbt ;. and that Mr. Vanbrugh was detained for the payment.- The next morning it dame, and was equally diftributed among the four foips ; fome great men coming to" deliver it, and re ceive the mon?y : A Portuguefe-, fent by the king, was detained rill our boat returned, and provifions began to come more plentifiiUy, and cheaper. The town of j^outon is feated on the afcent of an hill ; on the top whereof TD MAGELJ^ANICA, &c. 347 .syhereofisa fort inclofed witTl an old ftpne-wall, pn ijii>. which there are guns and pattereroes rhounted. The '^"'^ Jcing, and a confiderable number of people, live in the faid fort, -where an herb-market is kept every day; The king has five wives, befides cpncubines, and four men, cafled Pury Baftas, who carry great canes, with filver-heads, to manage their affairs. ' His Majefty, on his long black hair, wears a fprt of green gaufe, ftrew,- ed with fpangles ; goes always bare-footed and b,are- legged ; is fometimes clad like a Dutch flapper ; but, when he appears in ftate, has a long calico- gown over his fliort jacket. In council, he fits in a chair covered with red cloth; is always attended by a ferjcjant and fix men, with match-locks ; befides three others, one of which wears a head-piece, and carries a large feimi- tar in his hand ; another holds a foield ; and the third a great fan. Four flaves fit at his feet, one of theni holding his betcle-box, another a lighted match, ano ther his box to fmoke, and a fourth his fpitting-bafon. The petty kings and great men fit on his left hand, and before him ; every one attended by a flave in the councif chamber, where they chew tobacco,' and chevi betele in the king's prefence ; and fpeak to him fit ting crofs-legged, joining their hands, and lifting them up to their forehead. ' The tpwn of Bouton is very po pulous; and by it runs a fine riyer, which, they fay, comes down from ten miles up the country, ebbs and flows confiderably, and has a bar at the entrance ; fo that boats cannot come out at low;-water. At leaft ijbo boats belong to this river, fifty whereof are prows for war, carrying pattereroes, and forty or fifty mien each. About fifty iflands are tributary tp the king, who fends fome of his pro-ws, once a-year, to gather!. in the tribute, which confifts pf flaves, each ifland gi ving him ten inhabitants put pf every hundred. There is pne mpfque at Boufon, which is fupplied. with prieft^ from Moca, the people being M^homedans. They arc ^reat adqiirers of mufic ; their houfes are built" upon X X 2 pofts 1 348 WQODES ROGERS, 1710. pofts; Dutfb rnotiey. is current here, and Spanijh dol* y^^ lars. pn-the iyt\}t our pinnace returned, -yvith Mr. VanliKughi and all pur men, baying parted yery friend- iy with his Majefty, but could not get a pilot for mo ney :. Hovvever, we refolved to ftay no longer, and tp^ truft wholly tp Almighty Providence fpr pur futune. prefervation. We difqiiffed the Pcrtfiguefe Linguift, and began tp Uh.mppr our foips. The next day, we' ¦ made three iflands to the nprthward pf Zalayer ; and the looming of other land to the weftward'pf all which, we topk to be the fouthermoft part of C^^^kes.- On the' ioth, our pinnaces came up with this fmall yeffel;' who told them, they were bound fprfAfacaftar, a Dutch'. fadtory, on the fputh part of Celebes. ' 1,'he pinnace, took the rnafter of her qn board,' -who prpmifed to pi lot us, not pnly through the ftreights of Zajayer, but; to Batavia, if we could keep it fecret, for fear pf the, t)utch. He fent his veffel to. lie in the, narro-wer paf fage, between the iflands, till fuch time as our fhips came up. About four o'clock we entered the ftrait, betwixt the iflands that are next tp Zalayer, and., anp ther littfe one to the nprthward, of that, being the mid- dfempft of the three; having found a gppd paffage, three leagues oyer, all deep water, fteering through north-'weft by weft, to give the larboard, iflands a good birth ; then we made the fouthermoft part of Celebes'. The fame tnorning, the pilot promifed, to carry us through the channel the great Dutch foips generally went for Batavios and by that means avoid the fooles; called the Brill and Bunker-ground, The Brill has ve ry uneven foundings ; and, in many places, but three fathoms wateri and lefs : So we hauled away to the northward., keepings the Ifland Celebes aboard, the fouth--weft part of which trends away in low-land, -vyith high mountains at the beck of it; and pff the' point there lies a rock, pretty high' and remarkable. At four o'clock we came in to founding, and had. ten fathoms s T« MAGELLANICA- 349 fathoms; the firft eaft the ipck off; the fouth-weft i7'®' point bore then north, diftant about fix leagues ; and ^^"^ we had an ifland a-head of us, from north-weft by weft, to north-north-weft, being low and level, about three leagues long, and near the fame diftance froni the main: As we entered, it grew narrower ; we ftemmed with the north part of the ifl-ind, till we came within a league and half pf it ; then fteered nprth a little, tP weather a fpit pf fand lying pff the ifland, by which means we opened three fmall keys ; after we were clear of the fhole, we hauled up about feven, and came to an anchor under the ifland, behind the fpit of land, in ten fathoms water, very good cfean groun^. The rock of Celebes then bore north-eaft-by-north four leagues, the northermoft of the keys two leagues, and the middlemoft weft-fouth-weft three leagues : The o- ther being foqt in with the long ifland, we kept the land going all the way conftantly through ; and had never lefs than fix fathoms, nor more than ten : As foon as it was day, we weighed, and went betwixt the two fmall keys, keeping neareft the northermoft found ing all the way, and had no mor? than ten fathoms. The water ftill deepening, being clear of them, we hauled away weft, and then fauth-weft, having a frefo gale at fouth-eaftj andfouth-eaft-and-by-eaft ; no land in fight at hppn, but part of the high-land at Celebes, which bore eaft, diftant about twelve feagues. It was very well for us that we met with this pilot ; fbr, ha ving np good charts, nor any one acquainted with thofe feas, we had run greater hazards. On the 14th, we ran by the ifland Madura, which is about four leagues long, lying eaft and weft, on the north fide of Java, the land we made in the morning being the north-eaft part of it ; which, agreeing with the pilot's knowledge, made us the more certain. On the 17th, we made the high-land of Cheribon, which bore fouth-weft. In the morning, we faw a great foip right a-head ; and, be ing very eager to hear news, I fent our pinnace aboard, to |50 WOODES, ROGERS, I7»9- to know what foe was. She proved a Dutch foip, a- ^^ bout 600 tPns, and fifty guns, belpnging to Batavia^ and was plyirig tO fome of the Dutch fadtorles for tim-^ per. They told us, that it was thirty Dutch leagues frOm hence td batavia ; but no danger. We borrpw-^ ed a large draught, which was very ufeful tp us, and left them at anchpr. Towards nopn we made the land, being very Ipw ; but had gradually foundings, by Which We were fatisfied in the night how to fail by the land. In the afternppn, we faw the foips in thq rpad bf Batavia, betwixt thirty arid forty fail great and fmall ; and gpt happily to anchor juft after ftin-fet, be twixt fix and feven fathoms water, at the long-defired port of Batavia, jii latitude 6 degrees 10 minutes fouth, longitiide 252 degrees, 51 minutes weft froni London. By bur reckuning here, we altered Pur ac cpunt pf time, hayirig, as is Cuftpmary, Ipft almpft one day in running weft fp far rpund the glpbe. When wc came in fight of B.atavia, and efpfecialiy after fpm.e ilpops had been aboard us, J found, that, aifter failing & long with them, I was abfolutely a ftranger to the humours of our pepple. A few days befpre, they were fierpetually quarrelling and jangling ; a dilputed title to a lump of fugar would have created'a tumult, which could have been laid by nothing, but the profpedlof a fmall dram \ But now there was npihing bi^t hugging and foaking by the hand, and bleffing theif ftar's, and quefliphing if there wa§' fuch a paradife uppn earth ; and ail this becaufe they had arrack for eightpende ai gallpn, and fugar at a penriy a ppund: The next minute all together by the ears again, about who fhould put the ingredients tpgether; for, the weather being hot, anc^ the materials exceffively cheap, labour was now beconiie a very cpnfiderable thing.. We anchored here in five fathoms water, the grpund fo foft and pufy, that the anchor finks above a fathom; fo that it cannot fpul: And therefpre foips always ride fingle. The tPwn bpre fouth-by-eaft, diftant a mile and TP Magellanica, «irf. 351 And ari half; and the Ifland Onreft bpre north- weft-by- i7i?« north, diftant two leagues and an half At this ifland """^ the Dutch clean and careen all their foips, and have two wind-mills ori it to faw timber. They haUl their foips along the fide of a wharf, where there are two cranes to difcharge them, and ftorehoufes to lay up the gppds. The Duchefi fired thirteen guus tP falute the Dutch flag ; but, it beirig night, he did not anfwer : Yet the next mprning he fent his bpat abpard, tp beg my pardon for that omillion, which he Would then re pair. Soon after, the Duke fired thirteen guns ; and the Dutch flag anfwered both our foips gun for gun. Between twelve and one, two Englijh geritlemeri came abpard us, the one Captain of an Englijh foip, there being three and a floop in the road, all belonging to Madrafs, All of us, yho were cpmmanders, went a- foore, and landed at Bomb key, whence we proceeded to the Shabander, who condudted us to the caftle be fore Abraham van Ribeck, General of India, who receiv ed us very civilly ; but was very inquifitive, and foowed vifibly an intention to find fome pretence fpr denying us what jve afked, and had pccafipn fpr. To fatisfy him effedtually, and prevent all difputes, we npt only foowed him our commiffions, which, in fadl, was all he had a right to demand ; but we likewife gratified him with an extradt pf puf jpurnal and prpceedirigs,' that he might be cpnvinced, that we had adted fairly, and dpne nothing, but what was juftified by our cpm- miffiphs. After all, we were fprced tp bear, nPt pn ly with his haughty airs, and the natural flpwriefs pf Dutch cpuncils, but with many pther difagreeable cir cumftances, that foowed us plainly, we owed little, if anything, to friendfoip pr gppd-will. Soon after pur arrival at Batavia, We went abput fitting the Marqiiis j but, being firft prdered uppn the careen, the foaban- der having allpwed us feveral Malayan caukers, when we came dpwn tp the bends, we fpund them, as well as the fterji and ftern-poft, fo much wprm-eaten and rptten. S5^ .WOODES ROGERSi 3710. rptten, the foip being very old, and having pnly a fihi ''•'"^^ gle bpttpm, , that: we prdered a furvey pf carpenters td view her, ¦vi'ho aft, agfeied, there. Was no fitting her irt that place for. going abpiit the Cape pf Good Hope, her cpnditipn being eitraOrdihary bad; which obliged liS to hire a, veffel tP take out her lading. Then we ap plied ourfelves to fitting of the Other foips ; but could npf, at any rate, obtain feaye of the gpvferhment tO repair tO the Ifle of Ofireft ; but were allowed to go to the low fmall Ifland Horn, which is near the other, in habited by a feW M^l&y'an fifoermen : And oh it was abundance of cOcoa-nutS; plantain; papa, gUava; and pther fruit-treeS. . The government allowed us i fmall veffel of that fort they call Chdmpa'ns,. to careen our ihip.s by. We then hove dowh the Duke and £)a- Chefs, and found their foeathing alfo very much worm- eaten in fome places.. The Duchefs, in heaving dowhj fprupg hgr fore-maft ; but we fpon got anpther: And the D«i^^, after cateenjngi Was ftill leaky. The Mar- guis took in all the lading of the other foips, and lay aboard on the off-fide, to, relieve the other foips when on the careen. When the foips were fitted, we re turned again to Batavia rpad, where we rigged the three, and fold the Marquis, after taking out all thp goods, and moft Of the ftores; to Captain Opie and Captairi Oldham. Then all the officers and men were diftributed among the pther foips^ except One Dutch- wan who ran away. , The weather was extreme hot dur ring our ftay. Many officers and men fell fick ; and J was one of the number. The mafter of the Dukti, the gunner of the Duchefs, and feveral of our men, died of the flux. John Read, a young man belonging to the Duchefs, venturing to fwimj had both his legs fnapped off by a foark, which j at the fecond bite; be fore we could, get him on board, %opk off the bottom of his belly ; fo that he was dead before we cpuld take him up. During pur ftay, we had the liberty of the town and markets, to buy what we pleafed} yet found • it TO MAGELLANICA* fc?^ 353 it very difficult to get fait provifions, and were there- 3710. fore obliged to kill feyeral bullocks, and pickle the '"'^ flefh, taking out all the bones. Arrack, rice, and fowls, were cheap ; and beef npt above two ftivers a- ppund. . Several Englijh foips arrived here at this time ; as the Rechefter and Springer fpr China, Captain Opie in a feparate ftpck-foip ; and pthers pf thpfe parts. The bay is feldpm without fome large Dutch veffels, dri ving a great trade from thence to all the countries round about. There are various defcriptions of this famous city in aU languages ; fo that I might wpll dif- penfe with a defcription of it here : But, as what I have to fay regards rime as well as place, and may ferve to exhibit a pidture of the ftate of things at that particular jundture, I flatter myfelf, that the following fuccindt account will not be found either ufelefs or dif agreeable. The city of Batavia lies on the north-weft fide of the famous ifland of Java, in the latitude of 5 degrees 50 minutes fouth. The eaft and weft winds blpw all the year along the foore, befides the ordinary land and fea-winds, which exceedingly cool the air, and make it pleafant ; otherwife it would be intolera bly hot. Their fummer begins in May, with conti nual breezes from the eaft, and a very clear fky, till the latter end of Odtober, or beginning of November, when the winter begins with hard rains, which hold fometimes three or four days without intermiffion. In December the weft winds blow very violently ; fo that there is littfe trade on the coaft of Java, in Febru ary the weather is changeable, , with fudden thunder- ftorms. In March they begin tp fow, June is their pleafanteft month. In September they gather in their fugar and rice. And, in Odtober, they have plenty of fruit and flowers,' plants and herbs of moft forts. There is a large, fenny, plain CPuntry befpre the city ; but this is exceedingly well imprpved by the Dutch : And, tP the eaft, it is very full of wppd and moraffes. The city is fquare, with a river running through it, Vot. III. Y y, and 354 WOODES ROGERS, 1710, and fqrtified by a ftrong wall, and twenty-two baftions. ^"^^ About ten years pafl; there was an earthquake, which overturned part of the riiountains in the country, and altered the courfe of the river ; fo that the canals in and about Batavia are riPt,riear fo commodious as they have been, nor the entrance into the river fo deep ; and, fpr want of a ftrong current of water to keep it open, they are fprced to emplpy a large engine to pre ferve the mPuth pf the river navigable, for fmall vef fels to Come into the canals of the city. It lies in a bay, in which there are feyenteen or eighteen iflands, which fo brefk off the fea, that, though the road is very large, yet it is fafe. The banks of the canals thrpugh the city are faced with ftone on bpth fides, as far as the boom, which is fout up every night at nine o' clock,^ and guarded by foldiers, "There are channels cut out of the main river for fmall'er veffels ; and every boom pays toll. All the ftreets run in ftrait lines, moft of them being above thirty feet broad on each fide, clear of the channels, and paVed next the houfes with bricks. AH the ftreets are very well built and in habited, fifteen of which have channels; and they rec kon fifty- fix bridges on them, moft of them of ftone, .:' The country-feats and buildings round the city are ge nerally neat and Well-cpntrived, with handfonie gar dens for fruit and flowers, fountains, and ftatues. The vaft quantities of cocoa-nut trees every where afford delightful groves. They have fine ftrudtures here ; particularly the crofs church, built of ftone, and the infide very neat. There are two or three churches for the Dutch, and two for the Portuguefe Proteftants, whp are a mixed fort cf people. There is One church alfo for the Proteftant Malayans, The town-houfe is built of brick, in a fquare, about the centre of the city, two ftories high, and very finely built ; where all courts are held, and all rriatters relating to the civil govern ment of the city are determined ; and the fenators and diredlors of the military affairs meet. There is an in ner TO MAGELLANICA, 6-c, 355 ner court, inclofed with an high wall, and a double 171^- rpw pf ftone-pfllars, where the pfficers of juftice live, ' Here are hofpitals, fpin-houfes, and rafp-houfes, the fame as in Amfterdam, with all other public btfildings, equal to moft cities in Europe. The Chinefe have alfo a large hofpital in this city fpr their aged and fick per fons ; and manage their charity fo well, that you ne ver fee a Chinefe that Ipoks defpicable in the ftreet. The Dutch women have greater privileges in India, than m Holland, or any where elfe ; for, on flight oc cafions, they are divorced from their hufoands, and foare the eftate betwixt them. A lawyer told me at Batavia, he has known, out of fifty -eight caufes all de pending in the council-chamber, fifty-two of them were divorces. Great numbers of the natives, who are criminals, are chained by pairs, and kept at hai-d labour, under a guard, perpetually clearing the chan nels and mpats round the city, or any other work for the public. Three leagues weft from the town is the Ifland Onreft, where all the company's foips are refit ted. There are magazines of naval ftores, defended by platforms of guns. And the caftle' at Bata'via is quadrangular, lies in a level, and has fout baftions and curtains, faced with white ftones, and provided with watch-houfes. In this caftle, or rather ciradel, the Dutch governour-general, and moft of the mem bers of the council of India, with the other officers of Batavia, have their refidence. The governour's pa lace is of brick, large, and well-built. In this palace is the council-chamber, the fecretary's office, and chamber of accpunts. The general's hall is hung with bright armour, enfigns, flags, &c. taken by the Dutch here. The governour gives audience to ftrarigers, who are introduced to him by the foabander, who is commiffioner of the Cuftoms. The garrifon on duty is generally about 1000 ftrong; and all the outworks are laid to be furnifoed with provifions, as Well as can be ; but the fpldiers are kept much under, except the go- Y y 2 VerriOUr's 356 WOODES ROGERS, i7io.vernour's guards, who have large privileges, and make ^-¦^ a fine appearance. The governour-general lives in as great fplendour as a king : He has a train and guard ; viz, a trppp pf horfe, and a cpmpany pf fppt, with hal- bards, in liveries pf yellpw fattin, richly adprned with filver-lace and fringes, to attend his cpach, when he gpes abrpad. The guards are as well equipped as thpfe of mpft princes in Europe, His lady has alfp her guards and train. He is chpfen but fpr three years, put of the twenty-fpur cpunfellors, called Rads of India, twelve of whpm muft always refide in the city. Th? Chinefe have the greateft trade here, farm mpft pf the excifc and cuftpms, live accprding tp their Pwn laws, and are allpwed their idplatrpus wprfoip ; and have a chief, that manages their affairs with the company, who al lows them great privileges, and particularly a repre- fentative in council, who has a vote, when any of the Chinefe are tried for life. But thefe privileges are al lpwed only to fuch Chinefe as inhabit here ; fpr pthers are nPt permitted tp ftay above fix months in the tPwn, or Ph the Ifland Jav'a.. The other ftrangers, befides Europeans, are Malayans, with fome from moft parts of India. The Javanefe, or ancient natives, are nu merous, and faid to be barbarous and proud, of a dark colour, and flat faces, thin, foort, black hair, large eye-brows and cheeks. The meri'are ftrong-limbed ;' but the women are fmall. The former have a wrapper of calico three or fpur times rpund their bpdies ; and the latter frpm their arm-pits to their knees. The men haye two or three wives, befideS concUbiries ; arid the Dutch fay, they are much addidted 'to lying arid - ftealing. Thofe ori the coaft are generally Mahome tans; but the others Pagans. The women are not fo tawny as the men,' and many of them handfome ; but, in general, amorous, and Unfaithful to their hufoands, being very apt to give poifon, which they do very cun ningly. The town is very populous ; but not one lixth pf them Dutch. The Chinefe here go all bare-' headed, TO MAGELLANICA, &c: . 357 headed, with their hair rplled up, and fong gowns, 17' °: carrying fans in their hands. The Dutch fay, they ard; Y^ more induftripus, and acute in trade, than themfelves. The difcipline and order of the Dutch here, bPth in civil and mflitary affairs, is truly admirable. Tliey have all the neceffaries fpr building and careening foips, as well as in Europe ; and their pfficers as regular as in his Majefty's yards ; whereas we have npthing like it in India. They keep the natives very much iri awe, being perfedlly defpotic in their governnient; becaufe, they fay, the natives are naturafly fo treacherous, that they are obliged to punifo them feverely for fmall faults: But they are more tender to the Chinefe, be caufe of the great trade they have by their means ; and that they pay great rents for their foops, befides large taxes; and from 1 6 to 30 per cent . for moriey, which they frequently borrow of the Dutch. I was told there are here abput 80,000, who pay the Dutch a dollar a- head each month, for liberty to wear their hair, which they are not aUowed to wear at home, fince they were conquered by the Tartars, There come hither from China fourteen or fixteen large junks yearly, being flatr bottpmed veffels, from 3 to 500 tons burden. The merchants come along with their goods, which are lod ged in different partitions in the veffels, fike warehou-. fes, fpr which they pay a certain price, and not for the weight or meafure of the, cargo, as we do ; fo they fill them with what they pleafe. They come in with an eafterly monfoon, and generally arrive in November or December, and return the beginning of June ; fo that the Dutch have all Chinefe commodities brought to them, che'^aper than they can fetch them : And, be ing conveniently fituated for the fpice-trade, they have all in their own hands. Batavia wants no commodities that fndia affords. They have feldom lefs than twenty fafl of foips at Java, from thirty to fifty and fixty guns each, with men enough for them on all occafions ; fo that they might eafily drive us out of moft parts, if not ^38 WOODES ROGERS, 1710. not ill India, fhould we ever have an unfortunate war "-"^ with them. Their fpldiers arc very well trained, and there is a company always pn duty at every gate of tbte city and citadel ; and they have 7 pr 8000 difei- plined Europeans in and abput the city, who can ,bc a&mbled aijd ready for adtion at a very foort warning. Its is the metropplis of their Indian fettiements, and fends governours and pfficers to all the reft. The late general, before we came hither, had war with the In dians, which, I was informed, had like tp have fppiled their fettlements ; but, at laft, they divided the natives amongft themfelves, brpugfat them to a peace on ad vantageous conditions, and are now pretty fecure of the fea-coafts. There are many pleafant feats about the city, and the adjacent country abounds with rice, fugar-cane fields, gardens, and orch,ards, mills for fu gar* com, and gunpowder ; fo that. this is one of the pleafanteft cities, in the world. I do not think it fo large, as- Briftol ; but it is more populous.. They have fcbools fpr _^Latin, Greek, &c. and a printing-houfe. They have lately begun tp .plant cpffee here, which thrives very well ; fo that, in a little time, they may be able to load a fhip or two : But I afo tpld, it is not ^ fo good as that in Arabia. On the 1 7th of October we arrived at the watering- place on the main, 'haying failed from patavia on the J 4th, On the 19th, at two in the afternoon, we came to an anchor with our beft bowerj in a bay about a league to the weftward of y^twheadj in fifteen fathoms water, oufy ground, about a mile from the fhore; fent our pinnace for water, and then our fail-maker, wond ers, &c. Captairi Pike, and Mr. Block, cam? in a boat from Batavia, the firft of them, chiefly, after his i\eward, who I fuppofe, had concealed himfelf aboard the Bachelor. In the evening. Captain Pike lent us ' his boat and men ; we put into her feveral of qur men, with arms and provifions from each foip, and fent her awa.y to Pepper Bay, to buy fpwls, and other frefo pro- vifipns, TO MAGELLANICA. cSrc. 359 vifipns, giving them fpr that purppfe knives, and o- '7"^. ther tpys, which the natives there value abPvc mpney. ^'"'^ In the evening we had much thunder, lightning, and rain, which put us in fear for the men fent tP Pepper Bay; cphtinued wpoding and watering till the zSth, and fent feveral men afhore to kill buffaloes, which being extremely wild, they could fooot none, and durft not ftay at night by reafon of the many tygers : One of them was very near feizing a man pf purs, whp, to fave himfelf was obliged to take the water ; at leaft twenty fopts were made at the tyger before he went pff, and. they faw feyeral pthers at the fame time. The In dian king, and his pepple, dealt friendly with us, truck ing fpwls, and what elfe they had tP fpare, for knives, and the like. They generally came aboard every day, and, we giving them fome trifle at parting, they were kind to our men afoore. The wind being commonly at fouth-eaft, and a frefo gale, we were under fome ap prebenfions for our men fent to buy fowls in Pepper Bay^ having heard nothing of them fince their depar ture, and miftrufting the boat might be overfet, or the men detained by the Javans. But, on the 25th in the evening, the boat returned, to our great fatisfac- tipri, with the men, bririging abput twelve dozen of fowl, fpme mangoes, &c. Captain Pike's fteward came on board the Duchefs, hoping we would conceal him ; but was immediately fent on board the Bachelor to his cpmmander, whp gladly received, and prpmifed to pardon him. On the 28th of December, Mr. James Wafe, our chief furgeon, died; and we buried him decently the next day, with our naval ceremonies, as ufual, being a very honeft ufeful man, a good fur geon, and bred up at Leyden, in the ftudy pf phyfic as well as furgery. We made land the 1 5th of Decem ber, came in with theflipre the 18th, and had found ing in 60 and 70 fathpms, the grpund grey gret with fmall ftones and foells ; had a ftrong foutherly current, fputh latitude- 34 degrees 2 minutes, Ipngitude 534 degrees ^6o WOODES ROGERS^ 1113' '^^Srees 34 minutes weft from London. The fame day ""^^ we had very hard flaws.of wind off the high-land, till we came within fight of the Lion's fiead and Rump, two hills over the Cape Town; and this day we arrived in the harbour of the Cape, faluted. the Dutch fort with nine guns, and -were anfwered by feven. We anchor ed in fix fathoms water, about a mile off foore, and found only one Engliftj foip, , called the Donegal, Cap tain C/z^ commander, homeward-bound from Mocho, and two Middle -burghers, oiitward-^bound fpr Batavia, in the harbpur, befides the guard-foip, and twp or three gallipts. On the 29th, we moored our foip, and got dp>yh pur yards and tpp-mafts, to guard againft the hard flaws of wind off the Table-land, which fre- , quently blow very frefo betwixt eaft-fouth-eaft and fouth-eaft. We fent fixteen fick men afhore. On the the ift of February, I offered fome propofals, in wri ting, to Captains Dover and Courtney', with the reft of the committee ; i wherein I told them, it was my opi- ' iiion, we 'foodd lofe too much time to ftay for the Dutch fleet, in order to have the benefit of her convoy to Holland; which would not only be out of our way, but very tedious and chargeable; and we having large quantities of decaying goods on boa.rd; the time we ihould lofe by waiting for the Dutch, might be advan- tageoufly employed in- Brafil, where we coiild lie in ve ry little danger of the enemy, and vend them at great rates, and thence get to 5n^o/ through the north chan nel, having the fummer before us, contin.uihg, jn the latitude of 55 degrees or ^G degrees,, two, or three hun dred leagues before we got the length of the north of Inland;' and by that. means, might avoid the tr^ck of the enemy.-- I earneftly preffed, that, .if they could not agree to this, one pf our privateers might take this alone, and the other keep ¦ with thg. Bachelor aridfputch fleet. But the majority was againft, any thing but. go-, ing home with the Dutch fleet all together ;.fo .that all I could do more, was to remind them of exanjiningthe . goods. St** to MAGELLANieAi £^r. 361 gppds abpard the Bachelor, and tP take olit Of her fo ^7" much goods in fafe package; as would Ije in the like ^^'^ topm of European gpods; prt bpard-the Duchefs ; that, if any accident fooiild happen to the Bachelor, we might have part Of her value in anpther bpttpm. I defired, if arty ampngft theritl were npt pf this ppinipn, they would give their reafons to the cbntrary in wri ting; but we could agree dn nothing. Oh April 5th, at day-break, the flag hoifted a blue enfign, looled the fpretpp-fail, and fired a gun* as a fignal to Uri- moor : As we were heaving in our cable, it rubbed againft the odkham, which had got intP the leak, and bccafiOrted the fhip to be is leaky again as ever, foe having been iridifferent tight for fpme time, arid We were iri hopes it Would have continued. About noon 1 came aboard very thin, and in no better health than 1 was when I went firft afoore at pur arrival here : Pre fently after i went abbard the flag, there being a fig- rial made for all the Englijh corrimariders. "We bad before received our ordersj Which were very particu lar, a,nd to be piindtually obfervdd. About four in ' the afternoon, the flag; vice; Ind rear-admirals, weigh ed with part Of the fleet, and fell dowri to Robin's or Penguin Ifland, where they lay fbr the reft of the foips. On the 6th, in the afternoohi we all weighed from PfK^Bit'K liland; being fixteen Dai/fi'i arid nine Englijh foips, havihg a fine frefo breeze at fouth-fOuth-eaft. The Gape of Good Hope has beeri fo pften defcribed, that I dp hPt think it neceffary to detain the reader with ariy acCPunt of it here. There hapjierted nothing temarkable iri pur Vpyage till June 5thj when our ad- mlril made a fignal for all the Englifh c,ommanders, and feme of the Dutch fkippers, to come on bOard ; where we found art excellent entertainment) and the good humour of the Dutch admiral fppri made all the caoipany vknderftand each other withput a linguift^ though we had much ado to , get prte at firftmeeting : "We parted befpre the lun-fet, and had a fine day. Vol. CL 2*z The 3^2 WOODES ROGERS, J7M^. The 28th, being got Intp the latitude pf 51 degrees north, weh^d thidc foggy weather ; fo that the flag fired two guns every half-hour, , and each foip arifwer- .ed with Orie. This continued feveral days, which con fumed a great deal of powder- but, by the noife .of the gtins, it was eafy to keep company^ though fome times fo thick for feveral hours, that we COuld hot fee three foips lengths. On July 14th, we few two foips in the afternoon ; one Of which we fpoke with; being a .Dane, boui\d for Ireland; foe informed us of the Dutch men of war that were cruifing fpr us off Shetland, (being ten fail) whom fo^e faw four or five days ago, • and reckoned herfelf now about forty leagues from the land. We had founding then in feventy fathoms water, b/own gravelly grourid. I juft had rime to fend the owners a copy of foy letters from the Cape of Good Hope ; and to fet them know, that we were now got fo far towards the conclufion of a fatiguing- voyage. In the morning, we made Fair Ifland and Foul Ift and^ lying pft'pf Shetland, Prefently after we faw the men of war ; , but, havirig littie wind, and they a good way diftant frpm' each other, we cpuld join but orie of them by noon'. " '"JT'he next day all the riien of war joined "us; except one or'' two, with the fifoing-doggers, which were criiifing off ,to the north-eaft of Shetland. After mutual falutations, both by the Englijh arid the Dutch ¦ foips, orie of the' men of war was lent lOut to fee for the mifling fliips. The inhabitants of thofe iflainds came aboard with what provifions they had, beingVei'y poor people, and fubfift moft by fifoing. Oft the 1 7, 1 wrote a fingle letter to the: owners in general, .by a. Scots flfoing-boat belonging, to Shetlandi advifing them of pur joining the;.mp,n Of war who are ordered with the fleet to the Tex^l, where we hoped to meet an .£»g-/^ corivpy. The Dutch India admiral, thpugh but a corripany's foip. Wear's his flag ; gives fignals"and orders to the D«/f^ men of war, which is not fuffered . ^qaong the Eifi^lifh'i' and}' in the whole run 'from, the • Cape, TO MAGELLANICA, fc?f. ' S^^ Cape, kept an exadt difc'iplinie.in the fleet, not fiiffer- iTP ¦ ing any of the commanders to go put of the foips io ''^'"^ vifit each other at fea without a fignal, or leave. On the 23d, the weather being clofe, the cprnmodprc made, a fignal about ten'o'icipck for feeing land ; pre fently all the fleet' anfwered him with tjieir colours. The pilot-boats coming off aboard the foips,- we part ed with the Rotterdam and Middleburgh foips, moft qf the men of war going with them to lee them fafe in, The flag, and all the Englijh fhips, faluted the: com modore, and afte,rwards we faluted the flag, to welcome him in fight of Holland; and^ as fopri as.they weregot over the bar, the Dutchmen firCd at their fafe arrival in their ov/n country, which they very affedtionately call ed Fatherland. About eight at night we all came- fafe to anchor in fix fathoms water, about two miles off the foore. On the 24th, in the morning, the Da/f^ flag weigh ed, in order fo go up, to the,unlivering-,place : As he pafted by us, we gave him . three huzzas, "and nine guns. In the afternoon I went up to- Amfterdam, where we had letters from our- owners, to 'diredt us how'to adt, and proceed from hence. On the 28th, the EUgr lift}.. Baft -India foips had orders- to be in readinefs, for fai-lirig with the hxftDutch convoy for London. We got f ime prpvifipns aboard . from Amfterdam on the 30th', When I' canie aboard, on the ift of Auguft, bycprij fent of our councfl, we difcharged what men w? foip ped at .ffa/^wa and the Cape, and afterwards went a- -yyay from Amfterdam.' On the 4th, the Duchefs and .BMcheior went up the road called the VliSier, being a bcL'.r road than the Texel. In the evening, we had news of fome of our owners being at the Hildar : Mr.- Pope went to wait ' upon them, and, in the mprning,' came. aboard with tiien\ : After a foort ftay, they went ' for the Duchefs ^nd Bachelor, 'defigningthehce for Am fterdam. We welcomed them with 'fifteen guns at their coming and going. The Englfftj Eaft-India ihips, and Z z "2 others 364 WOODES ROGERS, «7U^ others bound fbr England^ weighed wich the' Dutck convpy the fame day, having a fine gale at norih-eaft. On the 6th, we weighed from the Texel, and wpntup to Our 9Qnfprts, it being by a particular prder from the owners, fpr pur better fecurity, bping pbliged tp wait here, fearing the India CPrnpariy wo.ul^l.betroublefome!^ although we had dealt fpr 'npthing but neceffaries in hdia. " In order to ' obviate thi,s, and convince the wprld, as Well as the Eaft-hdi^, company, of our ho nefty and good cphdudi iri this refpedt, the officers firf| drew up M affidavit, fetting.forth, 'there neyer was any commerce carried on in the I¦ndies.^ or any tranfadtions, pf buying and felling, but for proyiftons and pther things, fbr the foips ;" and, tfiat rip fufpicion- might re main, an abftradt pftpur jpurnal -was drawn up, and the beft part of -the foip's company voluntarily fwore to it. On the 19th in th? afternoon, ,we had news of our convoy lying without the tFwi?/; which was very aqceptable to the crews of each foip, who were in the utmoft uneafinefs at our. long ftay, being jtift at home, fo that we had much ado to keep the companies aboard, till now we got every thing in readinefs, in order for falling down to them.' On the 20th, about fiye in the afternoon, we got down to the Texel, where we fpunc^ our convoy at anchor, being the Effex, Canterbury, Medvuay^i ind Dunwich men of wax. On the 22d ii^ ' ' - the morning, the wind being at north-eaft, -we weigh ed from the, 7V.xe/, and by ten pf the clock got clear pf the. channel. In the afternoon, the comniodbre took the Bactretor in tow ; and next tnorning, the wind being againft us, we bore away again for the harbour^ as did Hkewife four i)«/,fi' men, of war, that came out with us, bound for London.;. After feeing u,s fafe in.. he ftood off to the northward, with the Canterbury and Medway, but came, in the next morning. On the 24,^ our officers met; where, confuking^ that our three .foips wanted neceffaries to keep the -fea, in cafe we foould meet with bad weather, we r,equefted 'Captain^ ¦¦ -- ¦' ¦' Rofey,, TO MAGELLANICA, ^e. 365 ^effey, pur cpmmodore, thachewpuld pleafe to ftay,^?!'' foould the wind bq fair, till fuph timP as we could be '"'"^ prpvided lyith the faid neceffaries from Amfterdam \ which was granted. On the 30th, at break pf day, we weighed, as did likewife four Dutch men of war. On the ift of Odtpber, abput eleven o'clock, we came ,tp an anchor in the Downs., where fevpral pf pur pwners c^me on board ; and,'after they had vifited every foip, went on fopre with fpme prifpners, tP examine them about pur capture, &c. At three this morning, the Effex niade a fignal to unmoor; and betwixt nine and ten weighed, he being prdered up tP the Buoy in the Nore, and we to make the beft of pur way tP the Hope. Odtpber 14, at eleven p'clpck, we and our confort got up to Eriff, where we came to an anchpr, which ends our Ipng and fatiguing voyage. It was owing to this expedition of Woodes Rogers, that the fpirit of privateering in the South Seas was not totally loft in England, where abundance of art had feeen ufed to propagate an opinion, that it was fimply impoffiblp for any privateer-fquadron to adl with fuc cefs, ac leaft for their oWners ; andthat, if any thing was taken, it muft be in a buccaneering^ay, that is, for the fole advahtage of the crew : But, in all thefe refpedts-, this voyage has undeceived us, and plainly fopwn, that, under proper command, our people ate able to do as great things now, as ever they did in the diys of Elizabeth; and, indeed, it is offering the great- (Eft indignity to our feamen to think otherwife.. A- mprig the reft of the bug-bears invented to terrify our people from going into thofe feas, one was, the dread ful treatment they met with from the- Spaniards-, when, by ahy accident, they fell into their hands. As to this. Captain Rogers has fet the matter in its true light. He deplores the lofs of Mr. Hatley in the moft aftedt- ing -terms; probably from an. opinion, that he might be ftarved' at fea, or fprced tP live afoore on fome pf ^he barren Gallapagos iflands ; but he very fairly tells us. 366 W q p D E S, R O G E R S^ I7II.US, that, after, that gentfeman felLintP the hands of '-'^-'the Spaniards, he was yery kindly treated, and fenf up to Lima as a prifpnerpf war, which "was what he had reafpn tp expedt. It is indeed true, that, when he and his bpat's, cpmpany landed at Cape Paffao, and fur- rendered themfelves, they were very barbarpufly ufed, haying their hands tfed behind them, hung up by their necks, and alni.oft half-flayed with whips: But then, by -whpm was, this, done ? , Why, by; a mixed iJeople,, the offspring of Negroes, and Indians, who bpre an im.placabfe hatred tq' eyery man of a white complexion, put of tnereaverfion to the Spaniards'.- In this diftrefs they had probably ended their days, but for, a prieft, who interpofed, and preferved them. As , for the Etfglijhmen that remaiped in that country, (which is- perhaps the har4eft;, cafe , that can be put,, with refpedl to the danger of thofe ejcpeditions) Cap tain Stradling, of whom we haye, faid fo much in a preceding article, after returning fafe tp London, thp'; he remained Ipng a' prifoner ih thofe countries, gives us the following account pf their cpndit'ipn, melanchp ly ipdeed, as exiles frpm their native cpuntry, but not very frightfvil iri other refoedls. , "'In Mexico, the prifoners^ whp are employed in " cutting logwood, haVe no way tq efcape the feveri- *' ty. of the Spaniards, but to turn Papifts, and be bap- *' tizei after their manner : Then they have^^the liber-j " ty to chufe a, godfather, who i's genera.lly a man o^ *« note, a,nd they ferve hinp' as a footman in livery, ". One Boyft; who j,oined Captain Rogers at Guiaquil, " was baptized there by an abbot in the Cathedral of " Mexico; had fait put into. his mputh^"' and Oil pour- V " ed upon his head; and fmall parcels"" of cotton, " which rubbed it off, w,ere diftributed .as pi'ecious re-' • *' lies among the penitents, bec^Ufe taken off the head, " of a converted Heretic, as they called him, The; " native Spaniards enjoy all pofts in the church and " monafteries, and admit no Indians, npr any mixed " breedj. TP MAGELLANICA, &c: 367 «' breed, tp "thofe .preferments ; which they think a '7"* " neceffary piece pf policy, that they may the better ^""^ *' keep the cpUntryin fubjedtion to ^Sfain. SOme pf " thpfe prifpners, who are forced tp be pretended cpn- " vers, dp npw and then make their efcape; thpugh " it be dangerdus tp attempt it ; fpr, if taken, they ' " are generally Confined to the work-houfes fpr life. *' There are feveral Englifliinen, who were prifpners in " this cPuntry ; that, by .compliance, have obtained " their liberty; partifiularly ohe Ihomas Bull, who *' was born in Daver, and takeri in Campeachy. He was *' a clockmaker, had been eighteen years here, and " was about forty-five years old ; lives in the province •' of Tabafco, and grpwn very rich. One Captain *' Thsmpfon, born in the Ifle of Wight, had been here *' about twenty years^ is about fifty years old, grpwtf " rich, and commanded the Mulattpes, whp tPPk " Captain Pack at the beginning pf the war. The " perfon who tOld me this, was a comb-maker, and *' endeavoured to efcape from La Vera Cruz ; but was " taken, and fent prifoner to Mexico, where he came " off to Peru, after he had his liberty, by pretending *' he went to buy ivpry to make combs. He gave *' me a long account of his ramble amongft the In- " dians, and fays, that he was at the mouth of the " river Miffifippi, which falls into the Gulf of Mexico, " but could not pafrit : He adds, that the Indians, " on the Bdy Pillachi, have murdered feveral of the " Padres, out of an averfion to the Spaniards, but foow- " ed a great inclination to trade with the Englijh. " Such of them as will not turn Papifts, are kept in " clofe cuftody, either in the mines, or Work-houfes, " at Mexico, which city is about as long as Briftol. " Thofe that are put in work-houfes are chained, and " employed in carding of wool, rafpingof logwood, '* &c. They have more manufadlures of woollen and '* linen in Mexico than in Peru : Abundance of raw ** filk is brought from China: And, of late years, " wrpught 368 WOODES ROGERS, i7ii.«« wrought up into rich brocades, equal to ahy.nl^d^ " in Europe. The Mulattoes and Indians, on very " flight occafions, are put into the work-houfes; and " kept there till they pay their debts or tribute ; but " no ^^aw/ar/if,. except for the worft of crimes. There " are many Englijhrnen, who were taken cutting log- " wppd in the Bay of Campeachy, in feveral of thpfe " wprk-hpufes. They have abundance pf foeep in " the cpuntry, whkh yield excellent wpol, of whicb " the Englijh prifoners have taught them how to mak-c *' cloth, which Would be wprth abptft 15 s. a yard in *' England ; but there ic yields eight pieces of' " eight. They have alfo caught them tp make baize, *' and other forts of coarfe woollens. At Ghopa in Me- " OTfOj about latitude 12 degrees north,- there is a " great river, which finks into the earth ac Once, runs " under the mountains^ and rifes with a large ftream, /' about fifteen leagues from the place where ic funk. " This river is twice as broad as the Thames 5 it after- ''' wards joins that of TabafeOi and falls into the North " Sea,, as moft of the great rivers of this- vaft eonti- '* nent dp.- About this place there are high mpun- " tains, with plains on the top, where the air is very " temperate, and all our European fruits grow ; wherc- " as, at the bpttpm of thofe mountains,, they have *' none but the fruits- of hot climates, though it is " not above five leagues afund&r. There are alfo " woods of pines, &c. on thofe mountains, amongft " which there are bird* which fing together in an a- " greeabfe concert, that refemble a fine orgaij; fo' " that ftrangers are amazed to hear fuch rtiufic ftrike '^ up of a fudden in the woods. There is alfo a ftrange " creature in thofe woods, called by the Spaniards an " Ounce, much pf the fize pf a wolf-dog ;. but it has " talons, and che head is more like chat of a cyger: " It kills men and bcafts; whieh makes travelling " through che woods dangerous ; yet this creature is- *'^ reported to eat nothing but the heart of ics prey. I had TO MAGELLANICA. 369 M had many more relatiphs frpm this man, whphadi7ii.' *' been feven years a prifoner in this country ; but ^'"'^ " chey being too tedious, I foall add nothing more " concerning Mexico, but that the worm is larger, ." and eats the bottoms of the foip niore, on its fea- " coaft, than any other place. All the coafts, from " Guiaquil in Peru, to the northward, as far as the la- " titude of 20 degrees in Mexico, are reckoned un- "•' healthy, but che contrary from Guiaquil fouth- " ward.'* The next remarkable thing in this voyage, is the prudence foown in the ceconomy of it, which ought to recommend it as a precedent on all fuch occafions for the future ; and this excellent management appear ed particularly in the method taken of holding coun cils before any tranfadtions of importance, to confider the proper means for cffedting it; and then, when the thing was frefo in every body's head and mefoory, to bring the conduct of the affair under exaniination, fp as CO prociire another refolution of the committee, ei ther approving or difappfoving it. By this meafure all fadls were fo effedtually fettled, that they would ad mit of no difputes after chey came home ; arid ic is very plain, that the debates which happened aboard, were. hindered froni growing to a dangerous height by this -^/ery thing : For, as nothing could be abfolutely determined -while they were aboard, eVery body was anxious and afliduous in fettling properly the papers^ upon the teftimony of which, the fenfe of their own ers, in regard to their condudt, was to^be detcrmiri- , ed ; arid thus the hopes of preyaifirig at home, made ^people eafy linder what they took to be hardfoips a* broad.,. In faying this, however, I .differ in opinion from Captain Woodes Rogers., who, though he had ex perienced the benefits refiiUing from this method of ,, adling, yet js pfeafed tP fay, " Another great incon- ' Veniency we laboured under, was the want of power to try offenders, as on bpard his Majefty's fbips pf "Vol. III. 3 A ' War 3 u 370 WOODES ROGERS, 17U.*' war; whicli obliged us to cOhriive at many dife)r- Vv-^ " ders, and to be mild in Our punifoments : But " Which was ftill worfe, there was no fufficient power " lodged in any one hand to determine differences a- " mongft our chief officers ; Which was^ a .great omif- " fion, and might have proved of dangerous confc- " quence, becaufe of the divifiorfs which happened *' amongft us." Yet I dare fay it will be apparent^ notwithftanding the captain's obfervation, that if any fueh power had been lodged,, even in himfelf, it muft have done more hurt thafl good ; fince nothing "but the incertainty of vyhofe condudt would be approved or difapproved at their recurs, prevenced MalecOntent officers from endeavouring to form parties among the foip's company, which, reafon- and experience foows us, is the moft dangerous thing that can happen in expeditions of this fort j and which, as rhe reader win remember, proved the ruin of Captain Dampier's defign, of which we have given a long account in a preceding Article : But it isnaturalfor men in power to believe the extehfion of their own authority as pro fitable toothers, as agreeable to themfelves,. A third circumftance that deferves regard, is the weaknefs of the Spaniards ; for it appears plamly, that they were not, at this time, in a much better condi tion than when Drake and Cavendjfh ravaged their co lonies ; and of this Captain Rogers was fo fenfible,, that, in the preface to his book, he lays it down as a thing extremely pradticable, not only to plunder tiie Spanifh fettlements on the coaft, but even to fix garri- fons there, which, bethinks, ir would not be in the power of tht Spaniards to expel, before they received & rehef from Britain. " Our taking of Guiaquil, fays. " he, with an handful of raw undifciplined men, is a " fufficient proof of this ; and they may foOn fortify " themfelves, fo as no ppwer,, that can be brpught a- " gainft them, would be able to diflodge them. The " whole Spanifh force in that fea confifts but pf three "- fmall TO MAGELLANICA. 371 « fmall foips i and their land-troops are fo licde accuf- 17"- " corned co war, that they are not able to look a bo- '""^ *<¦ dy of difciplined men in che face, as we ourfelves " and ochers have found by experience : Befides, die *' natives of Chili, who are a brave people, haVe fuch " an averfion co che Spaniards, becaufe of their cruel- " ty and oppreffion, that, when they find the mildhefs " of an Engfifh government, they will readily jpin us, *' in order to be freed from chac intokrable fervitude, *' under which they have groaned fo long," I will not take upon nie Co fay, that, ac this rime, fuch a fcheme as he recommends would be pradticable; but this, I think, I may fafely fay, chac noching chac has fince happened, down to the time of the prefent war, has foown fuch a defign co be impolEble. Ac the cime Capcain Rogers wrpte, he had befpre his eyes che ex ample pf the French carrying on, partly wich, and pare- Jy without che conferit of the Spaniards,, fuch a com merce in chat pate of che world, as eriabled them to make head againft the reft of all Europe : Which is a jcircy.mjianf e that deferves to be very well cpnfidered j fince, if the wealth of Spain, in the hands of FranCie,^ raay. prpve che ruin of all her neighbours, it feems co be a nacural inference, that it is not only lawful, but abfolutely incumbent upon us, to profecute the only method that can poffibly prevent it. The account he has given of che matter is this : " The French fent " from Rochelle, in 1698, two foips, under the com- *' mand of M. B^ofichefne-Gomn, of Sf. Malo, to the " South Sea, witha cargp of goods, to try what could " be done in trade there, as appears by his Journal. *' They have fo improved his difcovery, and carried " on fuch a vaft trade in thofe feas ever fince, that " there haye bepn ijj the South Sea, in one year, fe- *' venteeri foips of vyar and merchantmen, with all " forts of gfiods J and the advantage they made of it " was fo great, that I was informed, by feveral mer- *^ chants whom we copk in chpfe feas, chat, by a mo- '3 A 2 "deft $72 WOODES ROGERS, 171J. « deft computation, the French, in a few of the firft '¦'^" years of that trade, carried home 100 millions ok " dpilars, which is near tweqty-five miUions fterling, " befides the advantages they made by trading to the " North Sea, when they coiivpy the Spanijh gallepns ^' and Flota to and frpm' the Weft-Indies^' This was written before the clpfe pf the laft war ; and it is wpr- thy cff nptice, that, fince the prefent war cbmnienced, the French apd Spaniards have had recpurfe again tp the fame expedient, I mean chat pf licenfing foips frpm St, Malo tp" trade to the South Seas, contrary not only to treaties, but in diredt violatipn pf the privileges of the native Spaniards, who cannot but be fenfibly affedted, to fee the pnly trade they have, and by which alpne they are able tP bear the heavy "burden pf a French op- yernment, thrpwn iritP the hands of foreigners. Bur, however angry they may be, it does not appear, that at this jundture they have the means of redi-effing this grievance in their own hands ; whereas, fo far as "it af fects us, we certainly have ; and, either by following thefe French ipterlopers irito che South Seas, or by watching them clofely in their return home, may ren der ineffedlual this expedient for turning the riches of the new world tP the' fubv'erfipri of the' peace of the old. If this'canriof be done, our ruining the Fj-f^f^ trade elfewhere yvill fall foort of the end propofed ; be caufe, being temporary bnly, if they cari find a way to carry pn this commerce effedtually in the mean time, it will, in a great meafure, fupply the loffes they fuf- tain in the other branches of their commerce : As, oh the other hand, if we can put ari end tP this, as well as tP the reft, it muft fpon bring the war tO a conclu fion ; for the modern' maxim, that money dpes all things, is never found more agreeable to truth, than when applied to military affairs^ which demand fo great and fo conftant an expence, that, if a nation cannot fupply it, foe muft be content to accept of thofe tcrms^ ipd remain in that cpnditipn, whieh her rieigbbpuh '¦¦'¦¦'¦''¦ • . ;; iL , , , are' TO MAGELLANICA, y^; 373 jare willing foe fopuld be in ; and this is that condition 17U, to which I cphceive we wpuld be willing tP reduce che ^""^ French. Befpre I take my leave pf this fubjedt, I.cannpt for bear putting the reader in mind pf che greac utility pf Voyages to che South Seas ; and obferving, chac, as thefe can never be uridertaken but when we are at war with the Spaniards, fo chat pppprtunity pughc never Co be let flip ; fince, ptherwife, we are in danger pf Ipfing all kriPwledge pf that navigatipn, CP which we have a righc in common with the reft of mankind ; which, fome time or other, may turn to the infinite advantage of the Britifh nation. The reader has feen what fuc ceffion of adventurers there has been from the days of Queen Elizabeth to this time ; all of whom have iriti- mated the mighty advaritages that might be expedled from our endeavouring to fix in fbme part, rather than be continual wanderers in the South Seas. The grand objedlion has been, that it is very difficult to furnifo provifions for fo long an expedition, or to keep our foips fufficientiy manned, fo as to be in a condition of fetcfirig when chey come thither. But, perhaps, we ought to inquire, whether thefe difficulties really fpring from the defign itfelf, or from our method of mana ging it ; for, undoubtedly, if there be not as much of prudence in the condudt of a public fcheme, as is ge nerally feen in the management of a private concern, we may eafily guefs what will be the fate of it. The good fenfe and great attention of the Briftol merchants appear in the precautions they took for the right ma nagement of this expedition, which effedluaUy an fwered their intentions : And foall we be weak enough to believe, that a projedl, formed for the common be nefit of the Britifh nation, might not be as well regu lated, and as fuccefsfuUy executed, as one which tend ed only to the benefit of a few merchants in one of its ports ? It is eafy enough to conceive, that if wrpng Inethpds are ufed, or right ones neglected, if foips go ' . put S74 WDODES ROGERSsr 171 1, out at improper feafons of the yeae, [heavily loaded '^^^ with things un neceffary, commanded by unexperienced or frefo-water feamen, who chink any hardfoip intole- rabfe, we need not wonder that things mifcarry. But this very voyage of Captain Woodes. Rogers clearly de monftrates iueh a defign to be vetypradiiicable,, poc- withftanding what is daily thrown: out to make the coritrary notion gain belief; for their foips were much fuller oi men than is ufual for fliips of their burden, and yet they carried provifions for fixteen mpnths; which puts ic beyond all difpute, chat men of war and tranfpprts may conveniently go on this expeditipn, well filled with men, and carry twelve mpnths prpvi- fiph at leaft for each foip : Befides, for every man of war, or cranfport, chat carries confiderable numbers of men, a proportionable vidtualler may be allowed, wich no more men chan are enough to fail her ; fo that foe may carry eight or ten monchs provifions more for the other foips, that embark the men. Thus a fufficient number may go for a fettlement, and fully vidtualled for twenty-two months, which is time enough, and to fpare; to go and return from the South Seas; a*id, if any fhip foould lofe company, there is little danger of their meeting again at places appointed for rendez vous. It is true, che diftarice from home is greac, buc the foips chac have craded thither find ic an eafy paffage in a proper feafon ; and their men continue more healchfiil, than chofe chat trade to the Weft-Indies, by the North Seas. The general diftemper in fuch long voyages is che fcurvy; and che mecbods Co prevent the ill effedls of ic are fo well known, that Chey may be eafily provided againft. The foips may likewife re- frefo by the way, firft at che Cape de Verd Iflanrfs, and then at Brazil ; betwixt, whicb, and the South Sea,, is the longeft paffage, and thac, in all probability, ca;^: not exceed ten weeks ac fea ; fo chac, when they arrrive at Chili, che climate is lb whpfefome, and agrees fo well with European conftitutions, chat fuch as are fick fpee dily to MAGELLANICA, &c. 374 dily recover. Then, as to proper places for a fettle- 171 iw ment, where prpvifions abpund, there are fp many of *^^^ them on che coaft of Chili, 6cc. chat a body of men difciplined, and under gppd commanders, may eafily feccle there. It is noc indeed eafy co fay, where fuch afectlemenc mighcbe made with the greateft ppobabi- licy of fuccefs ; buc, fore, ic is very ftrange, that no attempt has been hitherto made to difcover that conti nent that lies between California and Japan ; fince, that there is fuch a continent, feems to be a point che Spaniards are as induftrious to conceal, as other na tions are negligent of inquiring after it, though none of their fubjedts, thac ever were in thofe feas, quitted them, without recommending it to the notice of tjieir countrymen. Sir Francis Drake, the firft, and, per haps, the moft known of our difcoverers, cook ppffef^ fion of California, with this view particularly. The brave Cavendip, his only rival in reputatiopi, fuggefted the fame thing ; and, if I miftake not, delivered his thoughts at large on this fubjedt, in a difcourfe diredl ed to the Queen his miftrefs, and delivered to his pa tron the Lord Hunfdon, in relation to a map of China, which he brovight over, and of which I foall have oC- c^fton to fpeak more largely in another place. Cap tairi 'Dampier, though he was far from being a deep politician, yet faw and mentioned the expediency -of fome fuch fettlement; which was again hinted by Cap tain Rogers. If the reader foould incline to-be farther informed, as to the -advantages that might be reafon ably expedted from our having a colony in chofe parts, I will endeavour to give him fome fatisfadtion in that particular. Firft then, this fituatipn would afford us an Opportunity of correfponding in both the Eaft -znd Weft-Indies, and that with much greater eafe than the Spaniards find in carrying on their trade between Ma nilla ^nd Acapulco ; becaufe we foould not have above half the run of their foip to either of the Ini^es ; and, as the winds on that coaft arc conftant and regular, we nuift. 37^ WOODES ROGERS,: *7ii- muft; in the,Ipate of a few years, eftflblifo a fafe and. ^"^^ cercairi ctfrrefpondence. In che next place, there is the higheft probability, that, in fuch a Cliniate, we might , meet withi ,0r; in a foort fpace^ create, a confiderable .demand for our eparfe clpths, and other manufadlures; which would be doubly advantageous to the nation, by encouraging induftry at hpme,' and increafingahd en larging our navigation. There is another circupiftance that deferves to be mentioned; and it is this; that fuch a colony would give us an ppportunity of exa mining effedtually, whether there be any fuch thing as a pradticablle paffage into thefe feasy either from the northeaft. Or the north- weft; which is an old queftion teirived of late, years, and with good reafori, fince the lolutiph of it would not only redound to the benefit of feveral nations, but to chat of Europe iri general. If, notwithftanding all that has been faid, th^re foould appear fomething romantic, or perhaps ridi culous, in fuppofing the public councils of this nation in fuch a fituation, a,s chac projedts of this fort; fopuld be efteemed worthy their notice, or any part of our naval force employed at fuch a diftance, and where their commanders could expedt fo little, even from the fuccefs of their undertaking, what hinders, that a private company, by which I mean a copartnerfoip of particular merchants, may not carry into execution fuch, a defign ? We have feen, by a variety pf inftanees, by the Eaft-India Company, in Holland, by the Eng lifh Eaft-India .Company, by our Levant, by our Hudfons-bay, but, efpecially by our Ruffia Company, what private merchants are able to do, if properly countenanced and encouraged. The Dutch and Eng- lip Eaft-India . Companies rofe both of them out of private undertakings, while the State wifely affifted and fuppprted them by her authority, for the fake of .prompting the pubhc good. If, therefore, at this jundture, when there are fb many private men who have acquired large fortunes, while the fettled and ordinary trade of che nation is, in fame meafure, necefTarily fufpended TO MAGELLANICA,. cjr-f. 3^7 fofperided by the War; while the incereft pf the pub- i7H«. lie debc continues low, and yet that debt is daily in- "^"^ creafing; if, Ifay, while things are in fuch a fituation, a body of merchants foould undertake to difcover new countries; and to make new fettlements, what reafon is there to doubt of their meeting with encouragemenc and fuccefs ? There needs no mighty fum to fit out two privateers, and a tender ; and, befides, the very expences of the voyage might be probably borne by the prizes taken in the South Seasj ot- both fchemes purfued at once, by wintering in California, and wait ing the arrival of the Acapulco foips upon thofe coafts* It is on afl hands acknowledged, tliat the climate is temiperate.and healthy, that the natives are friendly and honeft, that the oppofite continent of America is Very rich, and but thinly peopled by the Spaniards; fo that, on the whole, there is noching aftonifoihg or abfurd in fuppofing, that three or four hundred men^ well difciplined, and under experienced commanders, foould maintain themfelves here, without any great difficulty or inconvenience, for feven, eight, or nine months: We think it no hardfoip to keep them con^ tinually on foip-board, for two or three years in other fervices, to at leaft as little purpofe. There is, how ever, another thing to be confidered, and it is this ; that, failing from California in a higher latitude than ufual, they might, if they found it pradticable, win ter in any new-difcovered port, arid be fure to return time enough to Galfornia, to accomplifo the other part of their fcheme; or, if they fliould fail of meeting with a proper, port in any of the iflands or continent between California and the Eaft-Indies, they may con tinue their voyage to China, where they might find themfelves at liberty to form and execute new pro jedts, equally honourable to themfelves, and advan tageous to their owners. At all events, therefore, a feheme of this fort, judicioufly carried into execution, muft be very beneficial to the nation : l,t wotfld ferves Vol, m. 3 B to 378 WOODES ROGERS, • 1 7 n. to extirpate old errors, by informing us of new truth? ; ¦ it would heighten our credit fpr maritime power and flcifl, it would exercife men of active fpirits, improve their natural parts, and point out tp them thp means of "tranfmitting wealth tp their defcendents, and their own fame to lateft pofterity. If it fhould be dema'nd- cd, why I am fo- warm in recommending fuch ade^ fign ; my anfwer is, becaufe I think it for the fervice of my cpim.try, which can never be made happy at home,, or maintain her reputation abroad, but from the appearance of fuch a fpirit, as would be neceffary to accomplifh fuch a defign : And therefore to labour in exciting this, feerns the higheft poinE of patriotifm, of which a private man is capable. If a fever-er' critic ¦foould inquire, what connedtion this has with my hi ftory ; I anfwer, the cfofeft that cari be : For, to what end do we record the tranfadtions of times paft, but that they may become exam.ples to fucceedii^g ages.'' This voyage of the Dake and Duchefs was, by far, the; moft fuccefsful of any that was ever fet on foot at the' expence, and under the management, of private mer-- chants; and, beheld in that lighc, is, of all others, the propereft to encourage Britijh traders to exert them felves in the fame way. I might, perhaps go too far, fliould I affert, that this voyage gave rif-e to the Sputh Sea Company ; but thus much I can fefelyfay, that the fuccefs of this voyage was what the patrohs of thac Company chiefly infifted upon in their defence, when the plan of if was attacked as infufficient and chimeri-, cal. I foall however conclude with this remark ; that» a? this is the laft Englijh voyage of its kind fo profper- cu,-;, and fowell condudted,- as to merit fuch obferva tions, fo the fiiccinclnefs with which I treat the refl,. will fufficiently excufe my dwelling fo long on foa- greeable and fo important a fubjedt. Remarks. ro MAGELLANICA, &c. 379 REMARKS. This journal, fo ufeful to every mariner who wants tP form himfelf to long voyages, was written by Cap tain Rogers, and is one 'of the moft ufefU|l pieces wc have on this fubjedt. His book is better wrote than fuch journals commonly are ; and the author, like an intelligent officer, compares all along what he had read, with what he faw during his run. We need fcarce inform our readers, that the celebrated rohiance of Robinfon Crufoe, the work of Dpniel de Foe, is found ed on the ftory here related of Selkirk, a Scotch failor, who was left on the if\and of Jiian Firnandez, The run of Captain Rogers, from the coaft of California to theLadronC tfiands was generally under the 13th pa^ rallel, fearirig the fooils which are faid to lite at a greater diftance from the Equator. This part of his journal is valuable, containing a particuUr accoupt of the diftances, degrees, and variation of the needle. We find that he treated iri an anlicable manner with the Spaniards on the Iflb of Guam. This colony being removed to a vaft diftance from the continents of Eh- rope, Afiia, and America, confidered itfelf as a rieutfal people, and did not interfere in the difputes caftied on in other parts of the Spaniftj empire. ARTICLE -IV. Loun Feuii-^ee to M&gsllanica, THIS article is-extra£ledfrom the Journal of the phy- 1708. fical, mathematical, and botanical obfervations ^-'v-j made by Father Feuillee^ a Minim, on the cOafts of ^w//^ America, He was a correfpondenc of the Acaderiiy of Sciences, and his obfervations, which cohtain many curipus apd important particulars, were printed 'at Pa- 3 B 2 ris, '3So LOUIS FEUILLEE, 1708. ris, 1 7 14, in twp vplumes quartp. Our Jpurrialift ^-"'^ was a difciple of the celebrated Caffini, and was fent, as King's mathematician, to the South Sea. The inftruc- tions given him for the proper difcharge of his employ ment, arid the account of the inftruments he madq ufe of, are to be found in his book, and are well worth the perufal ; though we give nothing here, but what relates immediately to our fubjedt: And as it riever was tranflated into Englifo before, wc imagine our intelli gent readers will be pleafed with this fhort extradl from a very ufeful work. The author failed from Marfeilles, December 14, 1707. " During the ftay I made in 1 708 at Rio de la Plata, I had pccafipn to fee a fingufar animal, called Chinceh, which is found near the Straits of Magellan, and which, at firft view, I miftook for a fox, Havirig foot the crea ture, I attempted, to carry hirn to my tent, where my pencils and colqurs were, in order to dra-vy the figure^ but a terrible ftench ejjhaling from th^ anirhal's body, obliged me quickly to leave him on the grpund, and TO take his figure frpm a confic^erable diftance! He is of the fize pf ^ cat, his head long and foarp, having the lower jaw ftanding put beypnd the upper one. His throat opens quite back' to the eyes, which, are long ^rid ftrait. f^isears are large, apd fomewhat refemble thofe of the human race; but the cartilages of, this orf gan are turned inwards, and their whole form ip'dicates ^ great fenfibility of hearing. ^Twp vyhite ftr^pes be-, gin on the head, and paffing above the ears, diverging ftill from each other, terpjiqate; in a circular form on each fide the belly. His feet are foort, the paws di vided into five tpes, well armed with long black nails, and with thefe he digs his burrow in the earth. His' back is -vaulted, likeithat of a hog ; but the lower beU ly is quit^ flat. The tail is of .the fan^e length with fhe body, exadtly like that of a fox. Hi') ' >lr is of ^ dark grey, and abOutthe.Iength of a c-^s . Having finifoed my drawing, I re 'u-' \ • v; ,-Jsthe tept, but before 1 got within ten .Hicfoii into,* bfe TO MAGELLANICA, tfrc. 381 Icrable ftench I brought with me, alarmed the officers, 1708' who' would not permit me to enter. Then I was obliged '^ " ' to ca,ufe other cloaths be brought me to the river-fide^ and, having foifted from head to foot, I laid the in7 fedted cloaths to. fteep in water a day and a night, when I imagined 1 might venture to cake them ouC ; but, having dried them in the fun, I foupd thqy ftill retained this villainous fmell, nor were they entirely freed from jt, till the cloaths were expofed eight or ten days longer to the open air. This naufeous fcenj; proceeds from the, urine of the animal; for, being pur fued, he piffes on his tail, and thus, flings it abpvit. The ftench is fo very fcetid, that no creature can en^ dure it, and his enemy immediately flies feom h]m as^ faft as Be can.. He ufes the fame method tp guard the entry of his hole or den, at the entrance of which he piffes. This animal is very fond of fowl of all kinds^ and it is probably owing to them, that fo few of the feathered fpecies are found hereabouts, November 17, I made fome experiments with the barometer betwixt eleven and twelve o'clock, at the fummit and at the foot of mount Video. At the top of the mountain the mercury ftood at 27 inches, 9 lines ; and at the foot, I found it 28 inches, 3 fines. .Thus the difference was fix lines, according to the in genious progreffion eftablifoed by Maraldi, aUowing. 61 feet for the firft line of difference, for the fecond 62 feet, for the third 63, and fo on : The fix lines bf the mercury'sfall give, for the elevation of the hill .63 fathoms, three feet above the level of the fea. Were we affured that the fame progreffion took place in every atmofphere, wf have here an eafy method of detetr mining the altitude of every mountain : But, by fome obfervations I made nearpr to the equator, I found that, in this zone, the air being more rarified, the geometrical progreffion is greater on, each line of differ ence in the height of the mercury. I afterwards repeat ed this experiment ori a mountain in Peru, meafuring its height, firft by the triangles, and fccondly, by the barometer. 3^2 LOUIS LEUILLEE i^». barGmercr. The firft gave me 146 fathoms, one foot, """^ as the elevation of the mountain from its bafe to the top; tft^-feeond, made with two gpod barometers, that had been often cried and adjufted, 'gave me a dlMrepee often lines and an half in' the height of the mercury. To make this correfpond- tO- 14.6 fathoms; orte foot, We muft allow- 7'4feet for the firfl: fine, 76 to the fe cond, 78 to the third, and thus forward in the fame progreffion. This evidently proves the difference on^ jthe weight of the atmofphere *. Rio de la Plata was formerly called by the natives ¦Amarci Magu, the River of Serpents, from the vaft numbers of thefe reptiles feen in it. Juan Dia? de Sa lts was the firft that 'entered it, in 1575'. Beirig mifled by the friendly reception bf the Americans, he landed, where both he, and all his company, were mafffaCred, arid eaten by the Savages. Sebaftian Ci^c/: afterwards failed Up the river riiariy leagues, and brought -back a gqod quantity of filver from the interiour parts of the cotinrry. Hence the Spaniards gave it che name of La Plata.- On leaving chjs riVer, I found its mouth, at Cape St. Mary, lay in 326 degrees, 29 minutes lon gitude, from the meridian of 7>%^nj^', December 14, 1708, we began to fee Whales, and vaft numbers of pbrpoifes. Here I noticed, as alfoiin the South Sea, that whales are fubjedt to periodieal Evacuations of blood, like Wort^eh, arid this was alfo confirmed to me by the Indians: The cold increafed, as' We riiflde -way to the fouthwai-d. Two days afterward we few Cape Blanco, and In the afternoon we fotind the foores. Of a different figure frdm- thofe feen in the morning ; being low, and quite barren, with white fi.nd on the coafts. Here we believed we faw Port^ Defire in a deep bay. In the evening we vvere almpft * The reader will find fome very ingenious obfervafions op this Ajbiedl, Hift.de I'Acad. des Stienc. anno 1703. Bouguer Voy. de Peru ; and E^ft. dgs T^rr. Auftr, vol. 2. p.. 175. _ Thefe ob,- fervations were firft made hj MaraUi and Cafmi, while marking the' ikitidxii' meridian line iii France', afliore TP MAGELLANICA, 6-c. alhore on a rift of rpcks, fix leagues pff the land, 1408. (1516 degrees Ipngitude, 59 minutes latitude; 48 de- ^""^ grees, 17 minutes, fouth latitude,) Here I examined the dechnation of the needle, which is always dilficulc to do at fea ; and therefore I do not abfolutely depend on it. It appeared to vary 7 degrees towards the fouth, and its declination was more than 19 degrees. I afterwards found, that, in the city Conception, (lat. 360 degrees, 42 minutes,) that the point of the nee dle declined 6 degrees, 30 miputes, below the hori zontal plain; and at Lima I found it 3 degrees, 25 minutes *. The 1 8th, we had fight of Cape Virgins, at the entry of the Straits of Magellan. It is a precipice, and very eafy to diftinguifo. The top is flat, of a middling height, whence it declines gradually towards the fea. The public is well acquainted with the misfortunes the Spaniards have met with here -at different times. Garcia de Loiaifa, in the 1526, having, got out into the South Sea, was there attacked by a tempeft, that dif perfed his fleet, and funk che Admiral's foip, not a fipgle man efeapipg. In the 1540, the foips equipped by the Bifopp of Placentia met here a ftorm from weft, that wrecked three of che fleet. The crews got to land, among whom were fome priefts, and 18 or 20 women. The 4th' veffel efcaped, but the Cape, regard lefs . of the cries of his unfortunate companions, and fearing to want provifions, foould he take them on board, con tinued his courfe, and, getting out of the Straits, ar rived at Lima. It is thought, that thofe who were left here, became che founders of a colony, called by the people of Chili, Gafareans, who inhabit that tradl fitu- * ated betwixt the North and Sputh Seas, in 43 and 44 * This contradtSs Richer's obfervation at Cayenne. He does iiot believe that the needle placed horizontally declines tn propor tion to the height of the pole, for a needle that declined at Paris 7 J degrees nortji, declined jo degrees to the fame quarter at Cayenne ; now this variation bears no proportion to the height of the pole. Vide Hift. de I'Acad, des Scien. anno 1674, degrees, v_-,~o , 384 LOUTS FEUILLEE 1708. degrees,fouth latitude. This country is extremely agrees ' ' able and rich, bounded pn the weft by a large and rapid ' river; and fome fay,, they have been upon its banks, - and faw on the further foore nunibers Of people of a complexion entirely different frOm the natives of this paft of the world 5 that they faw white cloaths hung , Out to dry, and heard bells tolfing; an evident mark of Chriftianity. I learned, while in Chili, that the entry of this country of the C^fareans, is ftridtly prohibited to every Spaniard, and that, in order tO preferve their liberty, thefe peopfe have a law, that whoever difco- vers the entry of their country, and betrays the grand fecret of the republic, foall be immediately put to, death, even though it were their chief. This particu lar they had from an Indian, one of their fpies, who had been gained to betray them by a zealous prieft, who had often feen them from the banks of the river, and earneftly wifoed to preach the gofpel to them. The Indian, having promifed tO foow him the way, after they had got near the place, concealed the prieft and his fervant in the woods, promifing to return in the night, and condudt him into the town. He ac cordingly returned, but inftead of condudliflg h'im to thefe peopfe, he murdured the Father, and his fervant, efcaping by flight, returried to Chilis arid told che ftory *, December 20, we faw Cape St. John, che eaftef n ex- cremity of Staten Land. According to my obfervation, this cape lies 2 degrees, 20 minutes fouth from Cape Virgin, and 3 degrees, 25 minutes eaft of it. Its figure is terminated by two high points of rocks, and two * This hiftory is apparently a fiftipn. 'We find it in no other account of thefe countries. It is true, one of the bilhop's ihips -was wrecked off Poffeffion-bay, and the crew, confifting of 2;o perfons, was abandoned. See Vol. I. b. I. art. v, p. 1 10. They were never more heard of. Jf any thing of fvlCh a colony was ever feen, it muft be fome miffion of the Jefuits in Paraguay; and our aiithor is deceived in the fituation, by a wrojQg latitude laid down, much too far to the fouth. others, TO MAGELLANICA, 6c. 385 others,/ which are lower, appear co decach chemfelvcs 1708. from it, as you advanae towards the eaft : Over it are ' feen feveral high mountains in the inland. Beyond this we faw three low, and long iflands, pr rather, perhaps, parts of the main land, which, from their diftance and fiatnefs, appeared to be detached from it. At the very extremity of Cape St. John are three rocks. Next 'morning, the lands, which the preceding evening were igrccn, appeared quite White, by the fnow that had fal- fen, buc this foon melting, che country regained its former verdure, and I was very forry not to have an ppportunity of going on foore, as well to look for planes, as to determine the true fituatiori of the ifland ; but when pne comes to aflc feamen to put out a boat for thefe piirpofes, they treat you as a vifionary, having ho knowledge of the value of the feiences, nor do they Confider how feldom fuch opportunities offer for making advances in the knowledge of them. Here we faw many birds, whofe wings f(?emed out of all proportion to the fmallnefs 'of their bodies. The nights loft cheir obfcurity, but the thickhefs of che aCmoTphere render ed che day very dark : Thus we coUld fcarce diftinguifli day froni night : No caridles were lighted, and yet we faw very well to read at midnight Thus all our hours 'Were confoundedj nor did we know what time tP give but nieals. Having at laft gOC intp 60 degrees, fpuch latitude, ^09 degrees, 30 minutes, Ipngitude, the fky began 'to clear, Jan. 2, 170.9 : We could diftinguifo the dawn of that morriing. ' The Wind was favourable, and we found ourfelves in the South Sea*. As foon as we were 'thwart of Cape VitUry, at the weft end of Magellan's Strait,''we bore to the north, being fenfible that the, cold diminifoed daily; and we began to find it neceffary 1ta change our cloaths. In ^i degrees latitude, 299 degrees longitude, wc found the variatipn pf the nee- . * It appears, that they neither paffed through the Strait Le Mair, nor any other, but furrounded the lands. Vpl. ill. 3'C " dfe 386 MONSIEUR PREMIER, 1708. die hP mpre than ig degrees. January 22, we came '"^^ tp an anchpr in the Bay pf Conception, pn the cOaft pf Chili. ARTICLE V. MONSIEUR FREZIER, tp MAGELLANICA. This excellent jpurnal, one pf the beft we have, no navigator foould want. It waS' printed at Paris, 17 16, 1732, (in quarto, with plates,) and has been often tranflated. The ingenious Author was ftill living in the year 1756 at Brefl, where he is direc tor-general of che fortificatipns in Brittany. His pbfervatipns on che afpect and fituations of che coafts, the variatipns of the needle, his corredtions .of the marine charts, his obfervations on the longi tudes and latitudes, the nature and fetting of the currents, all cpnfpire to render his book highly ufeful tP thofe who propofe to double Cape Horit. Thefe remarks, as Frezier obferves in his Preface, are the things that render a fea-journal truly ufeful; and it would be a good ching if, at che end of any general colledlion of vpyages, particular Cables of each rpute were drawn Up, divided into cplumns, cpntaining che day pf che mpnth, the latitude, lon gitude, winds, che foip's way, che currents, anchpr ings, variation of the needle, &c. cogecher With a larger column, in which foould be inferced che ly ing pf the coafts, cheir afpedts, and pcher nautical pbfervacions, which could npc be cpmpfehended in che Pthers. This wpuld render the whple pf great er ufe tP navigatprs than any methpd hithertp pradli- fed. As Frezier's bppk is large, we here pnly extradl from it hi& courfe going out, and returning by Ca^e Horn, ' from T« MAGELLANICA. &c. ,587 frpm che Englijh editipn, printed at London, 17 17, , quartP, Thpugh the language is far frpm being gppd, yec che verfipn is faithful enpugh, THE ftrudture pf the univerfe, which is naturally che pbjedt of our admiration, has ever alfo been the fubjedt pf my curiofity : From my very infancy I tPPk the greateft pleafure in all fuch things as could advance me in the knowledge of ic : Globes, charts, and books of travels were my fingular delight : I was fcarce capa ble of obferving things by myfelf, when I undertook a journey into Italy: The pretence of ftudying after wards ferved me to travel through fome pare of France ; but being at length fixed, by the employment I have h^d the honour to pbcain in the king's fervice, I thpughc chere was no more expedlation of indulging my inclination to' travel, when his Majefty was pleafed to permic me to lay hold of the opportunity that then offered, of feeing Chili and Peru, I embarked ac St, Malo, in- che quality of an pfilcer, aboard a foip of 36 guns, 350 cons burden, and 135* men, calfed the St. Jofeph, commanded by the Sieur Duchene Battas, a man commendable for his experience and knowledge in marine affairs, and for much uhder- ftanding and adtivity in trade, which was very fuicable to our defign. On Monday November 23, 17x1, we fet fail from 1711. the port pf St. Malo, in company with che Mary, a fmall' veffel, of i?o tons burden, commanded by the Sieur du Jardais Daniel, who was to ferve for our Store- foip, 'We went Co lie for a fair wind near Cape Frehel, under the canon pf the caftle de la Latte, in.the bay dt la Frenaye, where we anchored che fame day ; buc we waited in vain for near cwo monthsi The tedioufnefs of fp long a ftay, the foarpnefs of the .winter, then well advanced, the wind, the cold, and the rain, which I muft be expofed to eyery other four hours, during the watches we kppt alternatively day and night without interruptiorij accprding tp che 3 C 2 cuftpm 388 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 171 !• cuftom of the fea ; and theincpnveniency of a merchant-. '""^''^ foip, in which a man fcarce knew where to beftow himfelf, began to make me fenfible of the hardfoips. pf a feilpr's life, and hp-w oppofite it was tp that-quiei; and retirednefs which are requifite for ftudy and medi- tatidh, my greateft delights afopre. In foort, I foon faw the utmoft of misfortunes in a foipwreck which happened before our eyes, ' Here ifollows an account of it. It is firft to be pbferved, that moft of the foips that fail from che pore of St. Malo, come co an anchor in the road of Frenaye, which is buc four leagues from it to the weftward, either tp wait for a fair wind, or tq gather thfir crews, vvhich do riot gP; aboard tillthe laft minute. On the 9th of December there were five fliips, the' Count .de Girar din, the Michael- Andrew, the Hunter; the Mary, aad we ; when the Chevalier de la V , who commanded the Great Britain, a priva- , teer of 36 guns, canie at fix in the evening, and drop ped his anchor near us-, hut" the buoy-rope, which through negledt was ftill faft aboard, having hin dered it from taking hpld, the ebb carried the foip near tp a fooal that is at the foot of the port de la Latte, be fore they cOuld drop another : That fame held them during the ebb," within a piftol foot from the rock ; but upon che return of the flood, the violence bf the current foon eaft theni upon that fooal. The captain perceiving himfelf ih that inevitable danger, fired fe veral guns' to defire affiftance of the other foips in ' the road. Every one fent men to his affiftance with afl pof-, , fible expedition, to bring him off; but it prpved in vain, the S. E, wind rifing, and driving put fo violent ly to fea with the tide, that rio boat could come up to the foip ; and the bpat belonging to the Count de Gi- rardin wa^ drove fo far out pf the bay, that it cpuld not return aboard its o^yn foip that night ; that of th^^ Hunter was eaft away, and had it not been for ours, the men had ben loft. At laft, about midnight, the ^ip;ftruck, and was ftaved in fo foort a time, that the crew TP MAGELLANICA, &c, 389 prew was faved wjth much difficulty, at che foot of the 1711 caftle; only three men being drowned, among whom ^"^^ was an oflicer. The next mprning we ftill faw the difmal hull of the foip lying on its fide, beaten by the waves, which in twenty-four hours drove it all away in foivers. .It is eafy to imagine, what difmal refledtions all men made upon that fatal fpedlacle ; efpecially myfelf, who was making my firft effay of navigation ih a, voyage of two years at the leaft. ¦We had lain there twenty-feven days in aimoft conciriual fouf weather, the wind not permitting us to put ouctp fea, when orders were brought us from our owners to return to St. Malo, for fear of being furpri-^ fed by fome Englifo vefltls, which were to attack us there, of which they had received advice. Accordingly we returned thither on Sunday the soch of December, and continued there tifl th? 6th. of January of the enfu- ing year 1712. * '• Thac day, the wind coming about to the Eaft; we failed the fecond time frpm the road of Ranee ; but no fppner were we put pf the mouth pf the road, than we were obliged to come to an anchor, forfeafof running during the nighty upon che rocks, near which foips muft pafs CP gp intP the channel. The wind was at N.N. E. and a rpUing fea made us pitch fo violently, thatthe cable fnappM as foon as the anchor had taken hold. Thus were we obliged to go and anchor again at the mouthof theBay ^s la Frenaye, where we had an 'ill night. The next morning -we failed, to look for our anchor, with the Mary, to which the like accident had befallen ; and foe found hers, but purs was loft, becaufe the buoy was flipped away. "Whilft we were looking for it, a calm came upon us, and then we anchored a third time, a league and a half from the caftle de la Latte, to wait till the wind, which foifted every moment, v\jould fix at fome point. At break of- day we would have failed out to fea, but 390 , ; : MONSIEUR ;F RE Z I E R, 1711.bat qur cable appearing to have been gnawed within thirty foot of che anchpr, it was thpughc fie cp cut it, and fetch another at the town, and make gppd che an chpr we had Ipft ; and therefore we drew near, making a wafe wich our cplpurs. We made a fignal, by firing a gun, thac we wanted affiftance ; and then returned to anchor a fourth rime fince chis fecpnd cpming out, un der the caftle de la Latte. Immediately two officers were fejic away to fetch what we wahted ; which chey did the nejct morning. We lay chere eight days longer, waiting fpr an eaft wind, npthing wprth nptting befalling us. That time we fpent in ftowing the fhip, which beirig tpp heavy, upwards, cpuld hpc carry much fail, as we had fpund by experience che day we camp put tlie fecond time. , Ac length, after having fuffered much by che weacher, whidh was fpul and cpntrary, the wind came to E. by S. We immediately failed to pafs thro' the great channel between Rochedouvre and Guernfe^, And by that means to get inco che middle of che Englijh Channel, to avoid the enemy's privateers, -who ufed to infeft the coaft of Bretagne. We paffed chrpugh fuccefsfuUy during the oighc, having, abouc cen, had a fighc of Rochedouvre abouc a league cp the S. W» of us. Some hpurs after, we difepvered, by the mpph; light, a foip which pbferved us narrowly. Wc imroediately put up pur fights, and made ready tp engage, being perfuaded that it was a J erf ey privateer ; but he durft npt aCCack us, and fell aftern, fo chaC before day we ha4 Joft fight of him. The chree days following we faw feyeral others, of whom we got clear without fighting, by our good working. »f 'W The eaft wind, which blew very, frefo, at length car ried us out pf the mpft dangerous parts, and fet us put of the channel. In the latitude pf 40 degrees we had a guft of wind aftern, from the North and N. N. E, which would fcarce permit us tp carry pur mizzen reefed. TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 39* reefed. The Mary rioc being able tP keep up with us, 171*. we were pbliged to drive withoUc any fail ; and in that ^""^ pofture we ran near chree leagues an hour. During that time, we difcpvered a fmall foip, which we judged to be a Portuguefe from the Ifland of Ma deira ; but the fea ran cop high, and we had Cpo much bufinefs of our own, co go abpuc co cake prizes. Hpw ever, that wind did us np Pther harm, than breaking down our larboard gallery ; but, on the contrary, cau fed us tP make much way. Np fooner were wc come into the latitude of 32 degrees, than we found a de lightful fea, and trade-winds frpm che N. and N. Ek which, without difturbing the fea, drove us along with their agreeable freflmefs, and caufed us to ride much way with great eafe. ¦' After a flormy difmal feafon, we enjoyed che plea fure of a fine cfimace, and of fair ferene days, when we difcovered land, cowards che evening, bearing S. E. and by E. about 15 feagues diftant. Ic was a frefo fatisfadtion to us, to know we were near che Ifland of Palma ; and more particularly co me, who, by my reckphing, found myfelf ac that diftance exadtly ; npt thac I oughe co aferibe chac cxadtnefs cp my Pwn fliill, ic being che effedt of chance and pf the calcu- latiph of the two firft lieutenants, who tppk care to keep che accpunc by che Ipg ; buc becaufe che reft, who knew I had never learnc navigatipn, nor been ac fea, could noc be perfuaded, thac, with a little help of che mathematics, a man can do the fame chac chpfe pf the profefEon dp mechanically, wichpuc being able cp give any gepmecrical reafon fpr che meaneft pf cheir perfpr- mances, - . Ic is crue, chac fpur pr five pbfervatipns pf che fun's meridian altitude, fet us very right ; ever fince pur coming put, we fpund purfelves, fpr the mpft part, lefs advanced than pur reckpnirig, I was pf ppinipn, that the faid crrpur was occafioned by the divifipn pf the log-line, co which pur navigacprs ufe Co allpw only 41 feet and 8 inches from knpt co knpt, fpr che chird pare 392 ^MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1711; part,; of, a league, making the fea- league to contaiii ^"'^'^ 15,000 Fre^nck feet; wherein" they are grofsly rniftakcn; if a degree contains 57,060 toifes, pr fathOms,, and the fea-league 2853, of thpfe pf the Chafalet at Paris, as' the gentlemen of the academy meafured it, by the King's order, in the year 1672 ; for, according to that calculation, the league cpntaining 17,118 feet, the Ipg-line ought to h^ye, between every knot, to anfwer the jhalfrminute_ glafs, 47 feet, 6 inches, and 7 tenths. According to this principle, the knots being too fhort; I did not wonder that we made lefs way than appeared by our reckoning ; wc could not but niakc one ninth grid TT^ parts,. that is, abput Phe tenth lefs. , J was cpnfirmed in this Opinion on che 3iftpf Janu; ary, when, having run abpu,c 100 leagues fince che laft obferyationj I fpund eight leagues and orie third tod much in the reckoning, and others found more; but in the.proeefs of the voyage^ I was fenfible of the un certainty of the Ipgj which experience and gppd fenfe are to eprredtj according to the rnanner of cafting it, and-, the inequality of the wind, which rarely continues in, the fame degree of fprce during the interval of twp ;hours that the log is not eaft. The fetting pf currents unknown, is ftill, another caufe of uncertainty ; fo that it often happened; that the log-table anfwered exadtly with the latitude obferved ; and at other times it fell out, that inftead, of retrenching, they were fain tO add ¦to, it, , , ,¦;,¦ ,:• . „ , /rhere were fome alfo, who relying on their reckon ing,- queftioned , whether it was really land that had been feen on the^Wednefday evening; when onThurf- day, the 4th of February, we again difcovered land at ,E. and by S; which was not queftioned to be the Ifland Hierro, or Ferro, by the latitude obferved, and outrun ,,from the Ifland of Palma^ which was very exadl with the diftahce between thofe two iflands, ...;. .Being fure of thg place we were in, we ftopd for the ¦ivflginds of C^pe;Verde, with a gentle gale at N. E. and N.iN. E. which in three days carried us to i;he Tropick, • whel^c TP MAGELLANICA, 6-f. 393 where the calms began to make us fenfiole pf extreme i?"- heats. They lafted but three day*, being now and ^""^ thep mitigated by d. little frefonefs from the weft to the fouth. In thofe fine climates we began to feeftying-fifoes. Which are as big as large pilchards. Or herrings ; their wings are nothing but long fins ; they ferve them to fly no longer than they are Wet, We often took fome of therii that fell into the foip, or on the chains ; they are delicious and well- tafted. The enemies of thefe fifoes are the dpradpes, pr gilt-heads, who continually pUrfue them, and with fuch a bait they are eafily taken. They are fo very greedy, tiiac if a counterfeit flying-fifo be made with linen, 6f any fuch thing, they fuffer themfelves to be deceived, though they bite at no other bait. By that fecaris we took the firft I ever faW, and I could never have done admiring their ibeauty. On their fcales ap pears the brighteft luftre Of 'gpld, intermixed with flia- dowirigs of azure, greeh ahd purple, than which no thing more beautiful can be imagined. The tafte of their flefli is hot anfwerable to that beauty, thpuo-h it is good enough, but fomewhat dry. My inclinatiori to painting caufed me to take notice, under the tropick, of fome clouds beautifully green ac fun-fetting; 1 hid never feen any thihg like it in Eu rope, nor have Ifirice feeri any of fO fprightly a delicate tolour. Ih 21 degrees, 21 minutes latitude, arid 21 degrees, §9 minutes lorigitude. Weft from the meridian of Pa- 'ris, we found the fea very white, for the fpace of five Or fix leagues; and, cafting the lead,- found no bot tom at 40 fathoms.'; after which, the fea' recovering its iifual colour. We fuppofed we had paffed over fOme foallow plate, which is not fet down in the charts. For fome days we had a little frefli air at .N. W. Which is not ufual in thofe parts ; after whicb, the north and N. N. E. gales brpught us intP the latitude pf 17 Ybl.IIJ. 3D degrees. 394 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1711. degrees, 40 minutes, where we lay by a night, know- '"'^^ ing we were, near the iflands pf Cape Verde. Accprdingly, the next day, being the 15th pf Fe bruary, we difcovered a very h'lgh land covered with a fog, and the next day diftin'iHy perceived that it was the. iflihd of St. Nicholas, and afterwards the ifland of St. Lucy, which bore S. S. W. from us. We ftopd ^bpuc to have fea-room at night, and hav ing run eight leagues N. E. and by E. we thought we faw rocks by the brightn,ef$ of the fea, which in chofe parts glitters very much ; that is, it is, during th? night, very light and^fparkling, in cafe the furface be iiever fo littfe agitated by fifoes, or by foips ; fo that the foip's way looks like fire. I could fcafce have be lieved this effedt of the motion of the fea-water, if I had not feen it, though I had before read the accounts given of it by phyficians, particularly Rohemlt, who alfo adds teafoiis why it glitters more in, hot countries than elfewhere. However that is, we ftood about, if I miftake not, on account of.a fooa} of fifo, and ran 14 leagues W. and by N. and about three in the after noon, we perceived, through the mift, the ifland of St. Lucy., to the fouthward, about a league and a half diftant. An hour after, we .difcp\^ered that of St. Vincent, which wc only knew by'guefs, as well as the other iflands before-mentioned, becaufe none of our men had feen them on the north fide. Then it was that I became fenfible of the ufefulnefs of the draughts of lands in the latitudes where they are generally looked for ; however, this may be - known by a low land ftretching out at the foot of the high mountains to wards the N. W. next the ifland of St. Anthony, and by a little fugar-loaf rock, which appears at the mouth of the bay, weft of che ifland, about two cables length from the flipre, ¦' Upon the certainty of thefe marks, we, at, fix of the clpck, entered the channel between the twp iflands of St. Vincent and Si. Anthony, with a frefli gale at N,'N.W, C'V--' I TO MAGELLANICA, Sec. 395 N. N. W. and N. and ran along within, muflcet-fliot of 17". the little rbck, togaih upon the wind; it is very clean. Ac chac diftance we found 27 fathoms water: They fay there is a paffage next che land, and that it has 17 or 20 fathoms water. In curning chat little ifland, flMps are expofed to great fqualls or gufts pf wind, whicli come down from the mountain at N. E. Some foips of Monfieur^ Gafs fquadron loft their round-tops th'ere, and among them the Magnanimous, which was obliged to put in. At length we anchored in the creek, in ten fathpms wafer, the bpttpm a fine fand and gravel, S, and by E, fomewhat eafterly of the little ifland, and eaft of the ftarbpard ppinr going in. At the fame time the Mary came to an anchor S. E, from us, in eight fathoms wa ter, the bottom an puzy fand. We reached the ifland of St. Vincent very exadtly with our account, becaufe in thofe fine climates, whe;rc the weather is always ferene, we had an obfervation ai moft every day, which differed from our reckoning ^ve or fix minutes fouth every day, even when thefe was a i:alm ; whence! conjedtured, chac che currents carried us fp far : pn the contrary, from 1 9 degrees, latitude, the computation was before us. This errour might alfo proceed from the log-fine, as has been faid before, becaufe in a day of 45 leagues run, abating four, I ftill found above one for che common current, vyhich drove us fomewhat to the fouth. The nest day, being the i6th of February, we thought to go and water in 3 rivulet, which runs a great part of the year into a little creek, the fartheft north- -ivard in the bay ; but we found only a dry channel. Being furprized at the difappoiritraent of fo neceffary a recruit, a detachment of men and officers was fent to feek fome in the ifland, and whether there was any dwelling, whence fome cattle and fruit might be had. They only found fome falt-marfoes, and no pther ha bitation but a few cottages made of the boughs ef trees, fitter for beafts th^n men, the-^doors being fo low, - 3^2 that 39^ MONSIEUR FREZIER, 17' I -that there is no going into therp; bi^C upon all four: *"^ All the houfehold-goods were fome leather-budgets and tortpife-foells, which ferved for feats, ar^d for vef fels to hold -water. The blacks, who ar^ the inhabi tants, had abandoned th^ m, for fear of being carried away and fold, thqugh by pur cplours they fhould have taken us for Englifh, • Twopr three pf them -were feen ftark-naked ; they, hid themfelves, in the w.oods as foon as they faw our men, and would neyer come near, thoiigh they calfed. to theni in a friendly manner. At length, after long fqarch, at the fop th point of the bay, they found a little gut of water, which ran down from the crags to the fea; They dug to make ic ru.n the better, and. gather v?ater enough to lade it up. Thus we made our provifion in two days, though with troubje enough to gee it aboard,: becaufe tlie fea, is very rough there. This perfedlly frefli water was none of the beft; but in feven or eight days .ftunk fp.moch, that it w,as a great punifoment to be obliged to drink it, .'. , " ' ' " ¦ ¦'¦'¦¦- " '-' •••..¦ Whilft fpme watered, pthers wooded, 200 paces ' f^-om the watering-place. It was a fprt'pf tamarind,, which was eafy enough to fell, and near the fopre. We had put up Engliftr colours, with the pendant at the main-maft, and had fired a gun by way of fig nal .of friendfoip, to induce the inhabitants of the ifland of St. Arithony, which is but two leagues from thence, to come to us ; but whether they miftrufted the contrivance, or that the fog obflrucled thpir per ceiving ofus diftindtly!, they came not. We only faw a fire, w.hich feemed to anfwer that made by our wa- terers, in the night, on the fliore. However,. the St. Clement of St. Malo, with its pink, having anchored at the fame place, was vifited by the inhabitants of St. Anthgm, who., for their money, brought them beeves, goats, figs, bananas, lemons, and very fweet wine. They fay there may be about 2000 perfons of both fexes, and of all colours and conditions, in the ifland; and that, above the anchoring-pkice, there is a little fort, TO MAGELLANICA, 6*f. 397 fort,' with four pieces of cannon^ in which there is a'?"' Portuguefe gpvernour* ^¦^"^ As for us, we had no other refrefoment than what we got by fifoing; whereof chere is great plenty in the bay of St. Vincent, thpugh chere is only one creek lying between two little ppints towards the E. S, E. -where the fesin can be uied, becaufe in other places 'the foore is rocky ; but amends may be made with the hook, for there is an infinite number of fifo, as mul lets, rock-fifo, manchorans,- pilchards, gruntcrs, white-tooth long-beaks, and a fort which have a rat's tail, and round fpots all over them. One of thofe we took, was fix feet long, and is yery fike the perimbu- aba of Brafil, mentioned in Margrave, p. 148. There are alfo fometimes taken bourfes, pr purfes, a moft beautiful fort of fifo,- defcribed in the voyage of Mon fieur de Gennes, by the Sieur Frcger. In the tortoife feafon, there are prodigious numbers of them, as ap pears by the infinite quantity of their foells and ficele- tohs that lie along the foore. The inhabitants of the ifland of St, Anthony come every year to take to take and dry them, trading with, andfeeding on them. In foort, there are even greac numbers pf whales. We cpuld have wifoed cp have found fome game to refrefo us iafcer our hard fare at fea, but there is fcarce -any in that ifland ; nor fo much as a beaft, except wild affes, and goats on the tpps of the mountains, hard to ¦be come at ; fpme few pintadoes, and no other birds. _ Nor had we better fortune as for fruit, the foil be ing fo barren that it produces none ; only in the val leys there are little tufts of tamarind-trees, a few cot ton arid lemon, trees : However, I there faw fome cu rious plants, as the tithymalus arborefcens, or branched fpurge; the abrotanum mas, or the male fouthernwood, pf a moft fweet feent, and a beautiful green ; a yellow flower, the ftem whereof has no leaves; thf 'palma Chrifti, or ricinus Americanus, by the -Spaniards in Peru called pillerilh; and they affirm, that the Iz-^'i of it, applied to che breafts of nurfes, brings milk into I them 598 MQNSIEITR FREZIER, 171 1, them, and, applied to cheir loins, draws it away ; tht **^^ feed of ic is exadlly like the Indian pine-apple kernel ; in Paragmy^ they make qil qf it; abundance of hqufe- Je'ek of feveral fores, fpme qf which have chicly roupd i§ayes like anhazel-nuc; cploquintida-afples -, Hmonium ^harlfitnum, very thick; lavender without any feent; jdqg-grafs, &e. Near the little ifland very good ambergris is found, and the Portugfiefe have fold it to fqme French foips, and among the reft eo the St. Clement. As no refrefhrnent was tq be found in that ifland, we fet fail tq gee fame in th^c of St. Aitheny ; but the wind blew too frefo; at N. E. and the. fea ran too high to fend boaCs 1 fo thait we fet our courfe co gee out of lehe channel thac is formed by thofe twa iflands. In paffing along, we perfeiveri the anchoring place tq- Wards the S. W. Sopn after we difcovered, farther on, land at a great (diftance, -which we took for the ifland Fuega, or Fego; but the next mprning, after h^'^g run about 45 leagues S. and by E. in the night, we fpieJ ^firf, and v^hcn ic was full d^y a very high land, which bore from us N. E. and by E. abouc fivfe feagues diftant, on the top whereof there appeared fome fmoke. The fituation of chat land made us take it for the ifland Brava, but the fmoke inclined us to fancy it was that of Ftiego, or Fogo.. If fo, the iflands of Cape Verde: muft be \vrpng laid dqwn in Vanksulon's Sea-4tl(ff, which we fpflowed. floweyer, v/e ftill made the beft of a good frefo gale at N. E. which carried, us, within two degrees of the cquinqdli^l, where w.c had two calm days, with fome little air from.-W. S. W. to fouth ; -after which, a littfe gale at S. S. E. haviijg carried us pn jntq 40 npinutes latitude, and 23 degrees, 50 rninutes longitude, from the meridian of Paris, we ta^cked, for fear of falling, in too near the coaft pf Brafil, where the currents fet to the N, ^W, We ftood S. £.• and by E. and the next day, being the 5th of March, fteering S, and by E. cut TO MAGELLANICA, t^c. 39^ cut tiie line with a fmall gale at W. S. W. at 355 dc- 1711. grees from Teneriff, ""^^^ The nexe day, when ic was np longier doubted that wc were to the fouthward of the line, ihefoolifo cerc- moriy of ducking ac the linCj pradtifed by all nations, was hPC pmieted. The perfons to be fo ferved, are feized by the Wriftsj to rOpes ftretched fore and aft on che quarter-deck for the officers, and before the waft for the failors ; and after much mummery and mpnkey-tricks, they are let loofe tp be led one after anpther tp the maifl-mafti where they are made cp fwear on a fea-chart, that chey will dp by others as is done by them, accordiiig tp chi^ laws and ftatutes pf navigatipn ; then they pay CP faV€ being wecced, but always in vain, fpr the captain* themfelves are not quite fpared. The dead calm, which afforded the men leifure to d-uck pne another, expOfed tis fpr four days fucceffively to excellive heaes, wichouc advancing, during that time, above 20 leagues in our eoUrfe, by the help of fpme little foifting air ; but a little gale at S. E. and E. S. E. by degrees carried us far frpm tiiat fcorching climate, and inco 16 degrees of foueh lacicude, wiehout any fqualls pr rain, the weather holding clear and fe rene. The wind cpming to N. E, and chcn co N, W, brought us fome foowers of rain, cloudy weacher, and feme hours calm, fpr three days, till we came into 23 degrees and a half latitude, and 36 pf longitude. When we were between at and 22 degrees of fouth latitude, and 34 or 35 of Ipngitude, we faw abundance of fowl, and believed we were not far from the ifland of the Afcenfion. We eaft the lead without finding groiind, and had no fight of ic, nor of chat pf the Tri nity, which, according to fome charts drawn by hand, we foould be near, in 25 degrees and a half pf fouth latitude, where the wind varied to the fouthward with intervals of calm ; but at length, being forwarded by a fmall gale at S. S, E. and E. we in chree days arrived at the ifland of St. Katherine, on the coaft of Brafil, f-yadVIv 400 MONSIEUR FREZIER^ 1 7 '^'•exadtly according to our account, Whereof thefe afe '"'^^ the ^particulars. •, The next day afcer pur departure frpm 5/. Vinc^ii our account was fomewhat before us ; the next day,. ^n the, contrary, we outftripped it; but che 2 6eh of February, afcer haVi-ng taken an obfervatiori in 5 de grees, 54- minutes, we fpund purfelves 8 leagues far ther tp the fouthward than we imagined, chpugh two' days before we had found 9. degrees^- 45: minutes, by obfervatiori. The miftake ftill continued on the fame fide, with thofe marks of currerits which are Called ehannek of tides; till towards 9 degrees fouth qf 5 pr 6- minutes, .according tP the extent of the day's run,-^ vpithOut reckoning- che cprredtiqn pf che Ipg-lihe. From 9 CO 13 degrees chere was fefs chari from' 13 co? 17; and che difference was che more cphfiderable, be- eaufe Wadrew near land, fo chaC we fpund Pne day, we had faikd 25 leagues, when che cpmpueatipn made but It is plain, that thefe errpu'rs were' occafipried by the currents, which fee us cp che? fpuchward : "Whether it be diredtly to the fouth,- lo the S, E. or to the S. W; cannot be pofitively known ; but the moft reafonable conjedt-ure, in my opinion, is; that chey muft fee to the S. W. or S. S. W, becaufe they are fo determined by the pofitioii of the coaft of Brafil. This experience reduces to a fmall extent, che remark made by Voogt; . who in his Waggoner, prineed^ in .Vankeulen, fays,, the current: pn the coaft of Brafil, from March ciU July, fets violently along the foore to the, northward,; and from December till March,' the fouth current cCafes ; where, if it; be true, as to che north part of that coaftv it is not regular for the fouth part from 10 degrees of fouth latitude, a little out at fea. It may neverthelefs be objedted againft my Conjec ture, that if the currents did fet S. W. they would carry the fliips thatcpme from the Sputh Sea nearer to the coaft of Brafil : but experience fliews, that from Sihald's ifland.s, chere is found an errour of 2 or 300 leagues TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 401 leagues coritrary to the. draught Co chac coaft, or the 1712. iiland of Fernando de Noronha ; chereforc che currents *''*^- cannot fet to 'the fouth-weft. To this i anfwer, i. Thac the currents which fet along the coaft of Brafil^ coming to meet the new lands of Sihald's Ifland-s and Staten Land, turn off to the eaftward, as feveral foips have found by experience ; after which, chey fometimes fall inco anocher channel of currents, which fets to the coaft of Ga/w^a. There needs no more than cafting an eye on the charts of the 'coafts of Africa and pf South America, tp be fenfible pf the likefihood of this conjedture. 2. Thefe errours proceed from the charts, as foall be faid in its place, and particularly thofe of Pieter ¦ Goes, which our navigators make moft ufe of. This errour. of pofition is not always perceived upon making the coafts of Brafil coming from Europe, becaufe foips are often carried thither by the currents, as I have juft now obferved ; and that not knowing whether their bent is to the eaft or to the weft-, chey ofeen do not corredt che leagues, as we aimoft all of us did in our voyage, fallowing eherein the example of moil of the Dutch; fo that it is not tp be wpndered that we found thofe charts good which they have made by their jour nals. Be that as it will, it is certain, chat from the ifland of St. Vincent tP that of St. Katharine, we ran above 6q leagues to the fouthward, beyond our computatipn; though we had an obfervatipn almpft every day, and took our precautions upon our errour ; and yet not withftanding all that, we arrived at the ifland of St. Katherine the 31ft of March, exadtly with our points on Pieter Coos's chart, about ten leagues more or lefs, one from another : where it may be inferred, that if we had given way to the weftward^ we had run far in up on the land, as has happened to moft French foips bound for che Soueh Sea. Tuefday, March che 30Ch, believing ourfelves Co be near land, we founded about fix in the evening. Vol, III. 3 E and 402 MONSIEUR FREZIER, i7i2.ahd found 90 fathoms water, che boctom fand, puze, *'"*^ and foells ¦; cwo leagues and an half mpre cp che weft ward, we had cen fachpmd lefs, and paffed che nighc, heaving che lead every cwp hpurs, che fame depth, and bpttom. At break of day we faw land, being fix leagues weft of our fecond founding : We foon knew the ifland of Gall, by its foape and fome little white fpots, which are taken for foips at a diftance, and by liccle rocks or iflands that are near it; and it then bore W. and by South from us, about eight or nine leagues diftant. We heaved che lead, and found ^g fachoms water, che bottom fine fand, and ouzy. At fength we had an obfervatipn, a league and an half from that ifland to fouth and by eaft, and about chree leagues eaft from che norch poinc of St. Katharine's ifland ; che lacicude 27 degrees, 22 minuces fpuch. Thus it appeared Co us. A league and an half farcher weft, we found 20 fa thoms wacpr, the boccqm ouzy fand, more gray chan before : We concinued heaving the lead at equal di ftances, the depth of water decreafing regularly, to fix fathoms, the bpttpm gray ouze, where we came to an anchpr, between che ifland of St. Katharine and che ' cOhCinenC, che ifland of Gall bearing nprch-eaft and by eaft, abouc chree leagues diftanc, in a line wich che two moft northerly points of 5^ Katharine, and che norch and by eaft point, of the continenC. The next day,- being che firft of April, che Capcain fenc our boac and that of the Mary, with armed crews, to find out a proper place Co waccr aC, and che dwel lings pf che Portuguefe, tp get fpme refrefliment. The Sieur Leftobec, fecPnd captain, went at che fame time in che yawU wich chree pfficers, pf which number I was pne, cp difcover wheeher chere were np foips pf the enemy at anchpr in the creek pf Arazatiba^ which is pn the concinenc, weft of che fpuch ppinc pf the ifland. At our firft approach, we found a very convenienc watering" c TO MAGELLANICA. 403 watering-place aC afprfakcn dwelling, i quainter of ai?'^. league caft-foueh-eaft from che foip. Being affured pf *-'^ thaccpmfore, we prpceedcd farther along a lictle point of land, where we found a houfe thac had been aban- doned fome hpurs before, as we gueffed by the hot afoes. Ic was very furprizing co us, by chac means, eo perceive che jealpufy pf che inhabitanes, becaufe we had made a fignal as friends, which Capcain Salvador had agreed on a year before, wich che Sieurs Roche and Befard,. Captains of the Joyeux and the Lyfidore.i who had anchpred at Arazatiba, being a white pendant un-> der an Englift) Pne, at che main-maft; buC we had'erred in firing but pne gun inftead of cwo, Befidfes, chey were pcherwife frighced by the caking of Rio de Janei ro, which Monfieur du Guay Trouin had laeely poffeffed himfelf of, and ranfomfed, co revenge che infolenCe of the Portuguefe cowards che French prifoners pf War, and their cpmmander Mpnfieur: /^ C/e-rf,, In foore, as we Were going eo feek oeher dwellings chat had people in them, we faw three men coming cowards us in a pira gua, being fene by che Governour or Capcain of the ifland,'. eo defire us notco land ac che dweUings ;- that, having been difcovered to be French,-^ the women, in a fright, were already fled to the mountains ; thaC, if we would do chem no harm, chey -would lee us pareakc of che provifions and refrefomencs chey had; as they had^done to other French foips which put in chere be fpre. We received chofe meffengers kindly, and fent chem abpard our foip in che boat belonging co che Ma~ ry, attended by ours,'which we quitced Co go and view the anchoring at Arazatiba, as has been faid. We firft paffed chrough a littie ftreighc, about 200 fathpms wide, formed by che ifland and che continent^ where there is buc Cwo faehpms- and an half waeer. Then we began Co difcover fine dwellings on boeh fides, Co which we wenc not, becaufe we had promifed the meffengers noc co go. We founded all che way we went, buc never fpund wacer enough for a veffel pf fix guris. We coafted alpng feveral fine' creeks of che 3 E 2 ifland 404 MONSIUER FI^EZIER* I7I2. ifland, till nighc coming upon us, we were obliged to '"'^^ puc in CO land. Chance fed us in into a, little creek,^ where we had the! good fortune to .find water, and a, little fifo we took very feafonably, to which a foarp ap petite was the beft fauce in the world. There we. fpent the night upon our guard againft the ti,aers, with which all thofe woods fwarm; and whofe frefti track we had newly, feen on, the fand. At break of day, we. ftill ad vanced half a league farther, to difcover whether any foip was at anchor at Arazatiba, and faw none. One of bur pfficers, whp had put in there two years before," with Monfieur ^^ C/jfl^^r^ foewed us a ppint pf low land, -where there are herds of wild bullocks ; but we >yere-not well provided to attempt that fport, and yec Wt ftood rnuch in need of it, fpr there are none on the nprth part of the ifland;. fo, that it woukf be much more advantageous to put into thefouth part, if foips, were fafe cherf ; buc when ic blows hard a;e eaft, ea-ft- j juth-eaft, and fourh-eaft, there is danger of being eaft <-' v-ay, as happened to, the. St.. Clement and his pi'nk; in, 171 2 : They chere loft their boat, with 14 men, and were thernfelves. at the very point of perifoing, though there was no wind, being only beaten, by the dreadful furge of the fea. This road is in abouc 27 degrees, 50 minutes latitude, weft.pf the foueh point of che ifland of Sti Katharine.. Tp the eaftward! of the little flowery ifland, is a creek, in which there, is very good. water, arid little green oyfters, of a delicious t\tt.e. At our return, we fell, into that little creek, and two others more northward, and, werit into an, abandoned dwelling, where we. foaded our. yawl vyith, fweet Pranges, lemons, and large, limes. Oppofite to, chis, near the continent, is a little ifland, behind which is a fmaltpprt, where. ^ the Governour of the ifland. generally -keeps a bark for the ufe.qf the inhabitants ; but for the moft part it orir ly ferves to carry on the trade of dried fifo, which they fend to Lagoa and Rio de Janeiro, The, Portuguefe, who had feen us pafs by with £k|-» Up.colours at our yawl, without landing at their dwel; lings^. T» MAGELLANICA, £f?f. 405 lings, at our return, came to meet us in their piraguas, 17 12. to offer us refrefliments. We accepted of cheir offers, ^""^ and, CO oblige chem, gave chem brandy, a liquor chey are very fond of, chough chey generally drink rioehing buc wacer, Ac lengch, we goc co our foip abpue mid- nighe, where we found che, Governour Emanuel Manfa, . wich fpme Portuguefe, whp had broughe refrefliments. After having treated him handfomely aboard, he was faluted by way of huzza. His kin'^ receptipri fo far reconciled the irihabitant^, that every day they brpught us piraguas^ full of fowls, tobacco, and fruit. Whilft we were making that little excurfion in our yawl, the foip was wafocd and tallow ed; 18 pieces of cannori were -puc inco che hold ro make ic lie more fnug in che water, confideririg the rough pares we were tp pafs beypnd the fputhern lands. We alfo broughe ic nearer Co the ifland pf St. Katharine^ for the more eafy watering ; and becaufe the tides are very fenfible, chough npc very regular, or liccle known, and che fea does npc rife or fall above five pr fix feec, we mpored eaft-noreh-eaft, and weft-fouth-weft, 200 fathoms from a lictle ifland, which bore ifrom us foutli- fputh-eaft, the ifland of Gall bearing from us nprth- eaft, and by nprth, about four leagues diftant, half- cpvercd by the fecpnd ppint of che ifland of St, Katha rine, which is the moft noreherly. After we had very qpmmpdioufly made gppd wppd arid excellent water, we waited fome days for the beeves, which che Portuguefe had fene for tP Lagoa, 1 2 leagues from che ifland : buc pn che 9th pf April, perceiving chey ftill demanded mpre cime cp bring chem, we choughe ic noc convenient to lofe more rime, becaufe the feafon was already fome- -what advanced, to turn Cape Horn, a place to be dread- ,f.A, for che concrary winds, and foul weather, there met with in winter; therefpre, the next day, being Sunday, we put out to fea. — Before we proceed on our vpyage, it will be prpper, in chis place, co fay fome thing of che ifland of St, Katharine, Jhis ifland of St., Katharine ftreeches north and fouth, from 4o6 MONSIEUR FREZIER. I7I2' froni 27 degrees, 22 minutes,- to 27 degrees, 50 mi nutes, Icis a concinued grove of crees, which are all the year green : There are no places in it palfable, be fides what have been cleared about ehe'dwellijig-s ; that is, 12 or 15 fpots fcaccered about here and there along the foore, in thelicele creeks facing che continenCi The jnhabitanes feecled on them ate Portuguefe, fome Euro pean fugiciveSj and a few blacks : There are alfo fome Indians, who come vplUnCarily Co ferve chem, or are taken in war. . Though chey pay noc tribute eo che King pf Portu gal, they are his fubjedts, and obey che governour or , -capcain he appoints to comma-nd them, if there be oc cafion, againft- ^awj^^a® enemies, and- the Indians of Brafil-., with which, laft they are aimoft- eontinualiy at war; fp chac chey d^re noe gO, under 30 or 40 men to gether, well armed, when they penetrate up the con tinent, "Vvhich is no lefs embarraffed with forefts than the ifland. That Captain commonly commands but three years, and is fubordinate to- the Governour of Lagoa, a fm3.ll town 12 leag^jes diftant from the ifland to, the fouth-fouth-weft;. He hadr. at, that time 147 whites wiehin his diftrixfV, fome Indians and free blacks, pare whereof are difperfed along 'the fliore of the continent, Their ufual- weapons are huhtirig-'hsng'- ers, bows and arrows, and- axes : They have but few firelocks, and feldom any. powder; but they a. e fuffi ciently fortified by the woods, which an infinite quan- liey of brambles of feveral forts render aimoft impene-^ trable ; fo chat having always a fure reCreae, and but liccle hpufehpld-ftuff Co remove, they; livp eafy, with out any fear of being robbed of their weakh*- In fhorf, they are in fuch want of all conveniencies for life, that norie pf thpfe who, brought us provifions would be paid in moriey, putting more value upon a bit of linen or woplen ftuff to cover them, than- on a piece of metal, which can neither maintain nor defend them againft the weather, being fatisHed with a , foirt and breeches for all cloathing, the greateft- beaux ad ding TO M A G E L L A N I C A, &c. 4.0^ ffing a coloured veft and a hati Scarce any man has 17124 fooes or ftockings, yet chey muft cover cheir fegs when ^-^^ ehey gp inco che woods ; then chc fkin of a tiger's leg is a ftocking ready made. Neither are they dainty in food nor apparel ; a little maize, or Indian corn, fomc potatoes, fruit, fifo, and game, being moftly monkeys, fatisfies them. Thofe people, at firft fighe, appear wrceched ; buc chey are, in realicy, happier than che Europeans ; being unacquainced wich che curiofities aqd fuperfluous conveniencies fo much foughe afcer iri Eu rope, ehey arc fatisfied wiehout chinking of them. They live in a cranquiUicy which is npC difturbed by Caxes, or che inequaliey of cpndieipns : The eareh, of its own accord, furnifoes them with all the things neceffary for life ; wood and leaves, coeeon, and che fkins of bealb, Co cover chemfelves and lie on : They covec not chaC magnificence of lodgings, houfehold-ftuff, arid equipage, which only ftir up ambieipn, and fpr fome time cherifo vanity, withput making a man ever the more happy. What is ftill more remarkable, is, thac they are fenfibfe of cheir happinefs, when chey fee us feek for place wich fo much faeigue. The only ching they are eo be pitied for, is, cheir living in ignorance : They are Cbriftiansi ic is crue, buc how are ehey inftrudt- ed in cheir religion, having only a chaplain of Lagoa,. who comes Co fay mafs co chem on che principal fefti-' vals of che year? However, ehey pay cyehe co che church, which is che only ching exadted from chem. In other refpedts, they enjoy a good climate, and a yery wholefome air : They feldom have any other dif temper befides that they call Mai de Biche, which is a pain in the head, attended with a tenefmus, or continual defire of going to ftool without dping any thing; and chey have a very fimple medicine for ic, which ehey look upon as a fpecific, which is, Co apply Co che fun- damene a liccle lemon, pr elfe a plafter of gun-ppwder diffolved in wacer. They have alfo many medicines of che fimples of che fcouocry, co cure other diftempers that may feize them. Saffafras, 4o8 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 17 1'i. Saffafras, che wppd fq well knpwn for ics gPod fcenfi ^'^^ and fpr ics yircue againft venereal diftempers, is fp cpm- mpn chere, chac we ufed cq cue ic to burn. The guay- acum, which is alfo ufed for che fame purpofes; is not any fcarcer. There is very fine maiden-hair, and ma ny aromatic planesj known by che inhabieancs for cheir ufes. The fruic-tree? are exQcllenc iri cheir feveral kinds : The prange-crces are aC leaft as gpod as in Chi na : There are abundance of lemon, cicron, guayava^ cabbage, and Banana Crees ; fugar-canes, melons, waeer- melpns, turnfpilsj and the beft potatpcs in the world. . There I firft faw the fnrub that beairs the cptcpn ; andj having been Iqng defirpus cp fee it, I drew one branchy to preferve che idea of ic. The Gocton treCj Pr forubj which bptanifts call gof- fipiamj or xilon arboreum, is a forub which feldom rifes above ten or twelve feet : it's large leaves have five ppints, and are pretty like thpfe pf the great mappfej or the fycomore ; but che liccle ones, chac iSj thofe which are neareft the fruit, have only three poines. Boeh of chem are fomewhaC thick, and pf a deep green. The flowers would be like thofe of che mallow called pafte-rofe, if ehey were fomewhae more open, and of che fame colour. They are fupporeed by a green eu^, cpm- , pofed of chree criangular jagged leaves^ which inclofe' them buc very imperfedlly : chey are yellow ac ehe cpp, and ftreaked wich red belpw. The flower or bloffom is fucceeded by a green fruit like a rofe-bud, which, when full ripe, grows as big as a lieele egg, and divides inco chree or four cells, each of them filled up with between eight and cwelve feeds, aimoft as big as peas, which are wrapped up in a filaminous or thready fubftance, known by che name of Cotton, which proceeds from all cheir furface, grows whiee, and caufes chofe cells cp ppen as it ripens, fo that at laft the cufcs pf ic break Ipofe, and drpp pf chem felves. The feeds are then quice black, and full of ari . oily TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 4^9 oily fubftance of an indifferent good tafte, faid eo be 1712. very gppd againft, ehe blpody flux. This coeeon-eree differs very much from chac which they cultivate at Malta, and throughput the Levant, and which is only a little annual plant; that is, it muft be fown and renewed every year, for which reafon it is called Xilon herbaceum : Be (ides, its leaves arc roundifo, and notched, and much about the bignefs of chofe of mallows . To pare che feeds from ehe cocton, they have a little inftrument confifting of two rollers, as thick as a fin ger, which, turning contrary ways, pinch the cotton, and draw it away by degrees. The feed, which is round and thick, cannot pafs between the rollers, fo that it is ftripped, ' and drops down as fppn as the cpt- tpn is paffed thrpugh. They l"ay, thofe cotton-trees are of the lel% fore, becaufe on che concinenc chere are fopie caller and chicker chan our oaks, which bear a leaf like che for mer. They bear che filk- coeeon, which is very foorC; but it is a fort they call Houatte, Dampier defcribes another fore chere is in Brafil., called Momou. This is whac he fays of ic : " The " flower dr bloffom is compofed of licele filamencs, al- " moft as fine as hairs, chree or four inches long, and " of a dark red ; buc ehe Cops of ehem are of an afo- " colour : Ac ehe boctom pf the ftem there are five " leaves, narrow and ftiff, fix inches long." In the woods there are alfo mahault, or mangrove- trees, the bark whereof confifting of very long fibres, ferves to make ropes of. There is a tree yery fingular for its figure, which has given it the name of the flam beaux, or prickly candle: Its leaves are adtually made fike a branch of four candles ; that is, the bottom of it is a crofs rounded ac che angles : they grow like thofe of the raquette, one out of another: they are from eight CO fifteen feet long, and produce, a fruit which much refembles a fig, or green walnut. There are abundance of them in Peru, being fix-fided, as Father duTertre Vol, III. 3 F has 410 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1712. has reprefenied chem in his Hiftpry pf che Caribbee, ^"''^ Iflands. The machineel-cree is fomewhae more rare. there : It is pne qif che moft veriomqus creesi chac are known, producing an apple beautiful cp che eye, which is ppifpn. Frbm its bark prpceeds a fpre pf milk, vi^hpfe venom feamen have pften experienced : If in' cucting pf wppd CP burn, chey happen eo lighc upon this, and thac che faid milk flies on their faces, or chat they handle the wopd, immediately the part fwells,' and p^ins them fpr feyeral days. When the machined^ drpp intP the fea, and the fifoes eat them, their ccech turri yellow, and ehey become ppifonous. ' . The fifoery is plentiful in many lieele creeks of ehe, ifland, and of che cpntinene, where there is conyeriiency fpr cafting a nee. We there took fifoes from four eo five feet Iprig, yery delicious, fomewhae foaped like. carps, whofe fcales were larger chari a crown-piece.' Some nave chem round, and ehey are called tneros j qehers have chem fquare, and are called falemcras in Portuguefe, and piragueras by che Indians,' There is a fmaller fore calledya/'/^r^o, which have a bone in che head exadtly like a greac bean \ not co mention ar\ infinite number of muilecs- carangues, machorans, rock-fifo, gruneers, gurnets, pilchards,. &c. "We one da,y cook there a, fword-fifo, which is a very. fingular fore, having on its head a flac bone full of poines on boeh fides, -which ferves co defend ic againft the whales, as we once faw on the coaft of Chili; and- ic has anocher thing peculiar, which is, a human mouch and anocher human opening. As che fea-horfe is (ufficiently knoWn in Europe, it is needlefs CO dieferibe ic/here. Game is no lefs plentiful than the fifoery ; but the woods are of fuch difficulc accefs, chac ic is aimoft im- poffible CO purfue ic in them, and to find it when kil led. The moft common birds are the parrocs, very gppd Co eac : they always fly by Cwp and cwo, very near one anocher, A fore qf pheafancs, called giacotins, buc noe fo del icipus co the cafte, Ouaras, a fore of .\ I ^ fifoers, TO MAGELLANICA, t£c. 411 filhers, all red, pf a beautiful cplpur : pchers fmaller, 1712. of a moft agreeable mixeure of che livelieft colours, '-"^ called fai quidas. There is alfo a very peculiar bird. that has a krge beak, mpre beautiful than a cprcpife- foell, and a feather inftead pf a cpngue : Ic is che Cpu- can, defcribed by Froger, and by Facher Feuillee, The common gdme of the inhabitanes, is che mon key, on which chey feed for che moft pare: But the beft of all for foips chac puC in, is che hunting of beeves, whereof chere are greac numbers on che conci nenc, near Arazatiba, as has been faid before. Seven leagues to the northward of che ifland of St> Katharine, chere is a creek, where th^ Portuguefe ge^ herally keep them, and whether the boat of the St. Clement Wene for them. Near to it, is the pore of Gua- rupa, which the fame boat difcovered, foeltered from all winds. It is hard to be known,- becaufe, without, it only l-:)oks like a great creek, at the end whereof is the fittle mouth of the harbour. We not knowing where to find beeves, and the Portuguefe, who, as they faid, had fent for them to Lagoa, ftaying too long, we failed, as has been faid-, on Sunday the lOth of April; but the wind would not permit us co gee oue, fo chat we were obliged eo come to an anchor again, aimoft in the fitme place where we Were at firft. We fucceeded no better the nexe day, making feve ral trips beeween ehe ifland and ehe concinenc, ftill founding, and found much che fame waeer. We view ed, very near, a liccle cteek on the ftarboard-fide com ing in, where chere is good anchorage in five or fix fachoms waCer, under foeleer from all winds, and a lic tle river of gopd water, cpmmpdious for foips thaC an chor near che firft lieele ifland, which is on che larboard coming in, in a fandy creek of ehe ifland of Si. Katha rine, calfed Iftot aux Perroquets, or, the little Ifiand of Parrots. In cacking, we difcovered ehe greaC creek of Toujouqua, inco which a greac river falls : The mouch of che creek feems narrow, and, on the foueh fide of it; chere are flac rocks, Noc being able to gee oue of 3 F 2 , the 412 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1712. the channel, we were obliged to come co an anchor , '^'^^ fouth-weft and by fouth of the ifland of Gall, about a league and an half diftant, and weft-north-weft of Che firft poinc of che ifland of St. Katharine, ac half a league diftance. Ac length, on Tuefday the 12th, we got out, with a frefli gale at north, and north-north-eaft, which came abouc eo fouch-weft, and grew calm. The winds va ried aimoft concinually, till the latitude of 40 degrees, where the frefo north and north-eaft brought on fuch a thick fog, thac we were obliged, even in the day time, to fire guns every now and then, to keep the Mary near us. , A calm, interrupted by a fmall gale at north-north-eaft and fouth-eaft fucceeded, and the fog fell again in 43 degrees and an half. In this latitude, and that of Cape Blanco, being 46 degrees, we faw abundance of whales, and of 'new birds like pigeons, their plumage mixed white and black, very regularly; for which reafon our, failors call them dammers, that is, chequers, or draught-boards 5 and the Spaniards, pardelas. They^ have long beaks fomewhat hooked, and in the middle of them two holes for noftrils ; their tails fpread, look likefurbelow-fcarves of fecond mourning. Being always upon our guard againft the currents, and the errours in the Dutch charts, which place Cape Blanco four degxees more to the weftward than it really is, as has been obferved by all che foips chac have puc inco St. Katharine, whence ehey havecaken cheir poinc, we began to found ac 43 degrees, 30 minuces latitude, and, according to my computation, 52 degrees, 33 minutes longitude, finding no bottom ; but in 46 de- geees, 50 minutes latitude, and 58 degrees, 8 minutes longitude, we foOnd Sy fathoms water, the bottom gray find, mixed with reddifo, I reckoned we were then 50 leagues from Cape Blanco, by a raanufcript- chart of Grifon, mafter of navigation of St. Malo ; that is, 321 degrees, 52 minutes longitude, from the me ridian of the ifland Ferro or Hierro ; or 323 degrees, 32 TO MAGELLANICA, £ffr. 413 32 minutes, from that of Teneriff; which agreed well 1712. enough with the foundings of fome foips which had '-^^ feen that cape. Whence it may be concluded, that, without regard to its exadl longitude, ic is wrong laid down with r^fpeSt to that of St. Katharine. It has been effedtually obferved, that the defert coaft, or of the Patagons, does not lie fouth-weft and, fouth-weft by weft, as we fee it in the charts, but fouth-weft and by fouth, and fouth-fouth-weft, which has brought many foips into danger. About 1 3 leagues to the fouth-weft, beyond our firft founding, we found 75 fathoms wa ter ; four leagues farther on, ftill holding the famc,> courfe, we had 70, then 66, the bottom ftill the fame, as far as 49 degrees and a half latitude, where, in 75 fathoms, it was mixed with gravel, ouze, broken foells, and little black and yellow ftones. In 50 degrees, 20 minutes, the fand grows a, little blackifo, 60 and 6^ fathoms water. Still ftanding fouth-weft, within fome fmall difference to the fouth or weft, in order gradually to draw near the coaft at 5 2 degrees, 30 minutes lati-^ tude, and 65 degrees, 45 minutes longitude, the fand was gray, mixed wich little black and reddifo ftones, in 5-5 fathoms water. The night between the 5th and 6th of May, vve lay by, for fear of ranging too near the land, and with good reafon ; for the next morning we found the fea much changed, and about che evening we difcovered a low-land very plain, and five or fix hiflocks like iflands, which bore weft-fouth-weft, nine or ten leagues diftant. Some took it for Cape Virgins, on the credit of journals, which place it in 52 degrees, 30 minutes, though it be more to the northward in the charts ; but that opinion did not-Arifwer our laft obfervation of latitude. It is much more likely that ic was the Cape of the Holy Ghoft in Tierra del Fuego, We heaved the lead, and found 36 fathoms water, the bot tom a black fand, mixed with little ftones of the fame colour. The next day, being the 7th, we diftindlly faw T'?^?-- ra del Fuego, which we coafted along at four , or five leagues 414 MONSIEUR FREZlERj • »7i2.1i&a§ues diftance. Ic is indifferene high, craggy in pre-* **'^^ cipices along che foore, and appears wooded in cufcs : Over chac firft coaft appear high mouiicains, aimoft ever covered Wich foow. The bearing of chac Coaft of che ifland Puego, may he afeercained Co norch-weft ahd by north, and foueh-eaft and by foueh, in refpedl qf che worid, from che Scraies of Magellan to that df le Maire; cprredting a half-rhomb, Pt 23 diigrees pf variaeipn nprth -eafti Having craced Tiena del Fuego till iviehih fi-ve pr fix leagues pf Stiraitle Maire, we lay by^ abbuc fpur leagues oue at fea, during che nighc. In order tP pafs ic che next day, Wfe had there 40 fathpms witet, ehe bpc- tpm large clean fand, as in rbads. That night we felt heavj^ blafls £^t foUth-weft; by fqualls, bf giifts, whicli brought US fnow and fleet from ehe mouneains up che touncry i However, we fell off buc lieele, a cercain figri chac ehe current was noc Violent; or that ic fee cowards che wind; which is not very likely, by reafon of the oppofite bearing of the coafts Sunday the 8th of May, We failed fpr th^ Strait of Le Maire, arid eafily knew it by three Unifprnti hills, called the Three Brothers, cpntiguoUs to one an ocher, in Tierra del Fuego, over which chere appears art high fugardoaf mouncain cpvered wich fripw, lying further up che eOuncry; , Abpuc a league tp che eaft of chefe hills appears Cape' St. Vincent, being i very Ipw land 5 chen afecpdd liccld Cape, called Cape St. James ; chpugh I have reafon ed believe, chat Cape St. Vincent is rnuch mOre Co chd norch ; and chac che cape eo which chey haye given chac name is Cape St, James, grounding chis my opi nion on very ancieriC Spanijh mariufcripc-charts; per^ haps taken from the difcovery of che NodaleSi When bearing N.N, W, and norch frpm thpfe liccfe Ipw capes, as We drew near, we difcpvefed Seraii Lc Maire (which lay covered by Staten-land) ppen ing by littie arid littie, till at lengch, being chree quar ters of a leaguc-eaft from- the firft of them, all the opening rfp MAGELLANICA, 6f. 4'5 ppening appears. This reniark is neceffary co make 1712, fure pf che ftraight 1 becaufe many foips, and laftly, ^'^ the Incarnation and the Concord, chpughe cp have gone thrpugh chere, chpugh chey were tP che eaftward pf $taten-land, and they only faw it on che weft fide, be ing deceived by chree hills like che Three Bothers, and fome creeks like chofe of Tierra del Fuego. No fooner were we goc Co ehe eaftward of Cape St. Vincent, than we found a ftrong and rapid cide, as ic were in atorrentj which made us pitch fq yiolcntly, that the boltfprit-topfail dipped in the water ; but ha ying been informed of the courfe of the tide, which is fix hours, pr fix and a half, we had taken the time thac ic might favour us, and ranged along the coaft of , Tierra, dd. Fuego, within a league and a quarter of it ac fareheft. We enccred fuccefsfuUy with rhe flood, which runs rapidly Co che fouehward, and divides itfelf inco cwo currencs ; one of which cakes along the Serait, which i^ buc fix or feven leagues wide ; and chc pcher fees along Staten-land eo ehe eaftward, Abouc che middle of che Scraic is Port Maurice^ a liccle creek, abpuc half a league wide, ac che bpccom whereof, bn che norch fide, is a licele river, ysrhere very good wacer may be had, and eafy wopding, ¦ Nexe CO this, a quarter of a feague more to chc fouehward, is a bay aboue a quarccr of a league wide, and much deeper, which fpme cake for Pore Good Sue- cefs, arid ochers for Valentine's Bay, where chere is con- yeniency of wood and water, and even of a white and fight wood, whereof top-mafts might be made. It is likely, chac che Pore of Good Succefs oughe to be the firft creek going out, afcer having turned Cape (^onzales, or of Go^d Succtfs. The name itfelf feems to decide the queftion that might be made^ about the ^tuacion of ^/^^/we's Bay arid chis ; becaufe it was really good fuccefs for theNodales, who made ehe dif covery, chac ehey had paffed Scraic le Maire, and found beyond ic a good bay, where chey might anchor in fafety. Be it as it will wich the name, feveral fliips, and, laftly. 4i6 MONSIEUR FREZIER, I?"- laftly, the ^leen of Spain, commanded by Brunei, put ^""^in there on the 6th of November 171 2, and anchor ed at this mouth, in ten fathoms water, an ouzy bot tom: He watered there in a little river on the ftarboard- fide within ; it looked a littie reddifo, but became clear and good. They alfo wooded there,. and faw fome trees fit to make top-mafts. The favages who came there did them no harm : They are quice riaked, chough in a very cold councry. Some of chem cover cheir privi ties wich the fkin of a bird, and others their backs with that of fome beaft, as Froger reprefents thofe of Magel lan's Straics: They are aimoft as white as the Europeans. The St. John Baptift, commanded by the Sieur de Vil- lemarin, of St. Malo, reports the fame of thofe they faw in Strait le Maire, in May 17 13. Being becalmed in che middle of che Scraic, and che tide having drove him very near ehe land, cwo piraguas of favages from Tierra del Fuego, came aboard : They foewed a ftraflge affedlion for any red ching, and ac che fame time an cxcraordinary boldnefs ; for che firft of them thac came up, fpying a red cap on the head of an officer, who came to receive him, fnatched it off daringly, and put it on his arm ; another, feeing the red comb of a fowl, tore it off to carry away ; they would have taken away an officer's red breeches in the boat : In foort, they appeared robuft, better foaped than the Indians of' Chili; the women they had with them handfomer, and all of them great thieves. Their piraguas were made of the barks of trees, fewed together very artificially. They defpifed all that was offered them to eat, and foewed great dread of the cannon, near which they made grimaces like men in a fright ; it is fikely, be caufe they had feen fome foips fire, that put in there. Iri foort, one of Brunei's officers tpld me, that he havirig foot a fea-gull with his piece, the favages all fell dowri in a fright. About noon, being, to the eaftward of Valentine's Bay, the tide turned againft us, and we could not ftem it with a good gale at fouth-weft, which afterwards ' grew TO MAGELLANICA. 4^7 grew bpiflerpus, with fuch dreadful fqualls and gufts, ^7 '2. that ehey broughe the gunwale Co, under cwp courfes ^""^ reefed ; yec it was requifice to carry more fail eo cum Cape St. Bartholomew., which is ehe fouehermoft of Sti'ten-Land. We ftood ibueh-fouch-eaft by the cOm- pafs, and yec our courfe was fcarce eaft and by foueh, the violenc ftream of ebb carrying us away, ^s ic fets along ehe foueh fide of Staten- Land, and recurns chat way inco Serait le Maire. At length we cui-ned chaC cape, and ac ehe clofe of ehe nighc ic bore norch-weft from us, abpue cwo leagues diftanc ; but the weather growing tempeftuous, we were obliged to lie by, un- 'der a main-fail backed and reefed, in great fear for our lives, knowing we were fo near land, and to the wind ward pf it. Then the mpft undaunted cpok up ferious thpughes ; for ic may be faid, we only expedled chc momene we foould be drove on ehe coaft, in a dark nighc, and dreadful weacher, wichouc any hope of b'e- ing able co help ourfelves. The chares chreaceried in evitable foipwreck ; but, Co our happinefs, Statett- Land, Ori ehe foueh fide, does noe bear eaft-foUch-eaft, and weft-riorth-weft, as laid doWri in ehe chares, but lies eaft and weft, in refpedl ro fhe globe, and inclines a licele eo ehe norch, near Cape St. Bartholomew, as we had obferved before nighc. In foore, lying by, We mUft haye fallen off eaft and by foueh, in refpedl of the globe, and accordingly foould have inevitably perifoed. To this mighc be anfwered, chac the fame current, which carried us along the coa^ of Staten-Land, might hinder our driving fo much to north-eaft, as we foould Otherwife have done, becaufe it muft run as the coaft does, near che land, and keep us ac ehe fame diftance. This opinion wopld be prObable^ if oeher foips had nqe, better than we, pbferved the ppfuion we fpeak of. Scfides, it is evident, chac we droye very much to the e^ft ; fpr a.boue nine in ehe mprning, che weather clear ing up a little, we faw no more land, though we could not be abpve twp leagues, fpiith, pr fouth-eaft, frpmtt Vpl. hi. S G « 418 MONSIEUR FREZIER. 1712. atmofl:, if it extends,i3 or ^leagues from the Strg,i6^ '¦'"^ as thofe, who have coafted it, affure us. .Whilft we were beginning to cheer tip and rejoice, for having efcaped being wrecked, we were under much uneafinefs fo.r the -iW^rjy, vvhich we had left, at the clofe of the night, to the leeward pf us, and fallen pff within "about a league pfthe coaft ; but our joy was , -complete, when we cfpied her again the next niorning. She had fuffere^i by the foul vveather ; her -whipftaff had been broke, and her beak-head foattered. A calna fucceeding, after that horrid tepipeft, we had the op portunity offending carpenters aboard her, tq put her into a condition to endure the beating of the fea, of which ftie had, till then, f^lt but a fmall trial. The wind after-wards coming frorn north^north--weft to nbrth- north-eaft, north about, a frefo gale, -we, i.n 24 hours, .recovered part of 'the'way we had loft lying by. From 43 degree's and an half, to 57, we had no eafterly winds, and fcarce any fair days, but change able arid foggy days, the winds ftill ranging from north, to, Touch, weft about, blowipg frefo, excepting from 46 degrees to 50, -where we had two days pf gende wind. This blaft ac nprth-nprth-eaft was the more ' agreeable to us, becaufe we did not expedt any fron^, thence ; and it carried us from a place 'whe.i'e We had been in great danger. Tha,t gppd wind ftarced tp "fouth-eaft in a violent manner, and obhged us to ly by fome hours ; but it fell a little, and we cook the advantage of it for 24, . hours, well enough facisfied Co endure the vehement! ' , cold it brought, arid thetofling of a dreadful fea, which ftill carried us on in our courfe. It foon came back tq fouth, and fouth-fouth-weft, fo violent, that vve eoul4 fcafce carry our two courfes reefed. May the' 14th, beirig in 58 degrees, ' 5 minutes lati tude, arid 64 or 61 of longitude, we loll: fight of the Mdryf We fancied foe had tacked to ftand weftwai-d; , "we tacked an hour'after, in quell of her, but in vairi'i "We faw her no more till we came to La Conception. , '""'¦ ¦¦ The Tb MAGELLANICA, a?r. 4^9 The 17th, the wind. being ac fouth-weft; ^e flBod, 1712, during the night, fouth-eaft arid by fouth, for fear of '"'^^. falling in upon Bdrncveli's Iflands, which fome manu- feript-charts plice in 57 degrees latitude, becaufe the fog, the high wind, and the rollihg fea, would not have permieted us co recover ic, if wo had fallen Co che leeward: 24 hours aifcer, che wind came more eo the' fouthward, and we bore Aw-ay N. W. We reckoned ourfelVes in -57 degrees and a half la titude; and ' 69 or 66 of longitude, whcri the Wind blowing hafd, and che weacher being foggy, abouc half ari hour afcer orife in ehe morning, the ftarboard watch fa-w a meteor unknown to the oldeft failors a- bOird; beirig a light differing from that of the ancients, called Caftor' and Polliix, and from lightnirig ; which lafted about half a minute, and gave fome little heat. That I'lriiifual appearance in the told Weather, and a high wind, feared moft of the men, who fout their eyes ; and they fpfeak; of it only as.a flafo of lightning-, die brightnefs wher;eof appeared eVen thfoughthe'eye- lids ; the others, who were -mOre bold, affirmed they had fee'n a ball Or globe of a bluifo light, and very bright, about three feet diameter. Which vanifoed a-' mong the main-top'maft-ftays. ,%'iuv.,: All the men-lookfedUpOri it to pfefage a ftorm: I did jiot like that prophecy, the weather beirig bad enough to fear worfe ; for, befidfes that, it was Cold, and the fea ran mountain-high : We had wind a-hea.d, which*' obhged us to cade every momenc, wiehoUt gaining any thing in longitude. However, the three next days did not prove worfe : The 4th, We lay by fome hours reefed ; but the wind, which had varied from weft- to - fouth-fouth-weft, beirig come about to north- weft, the Weather grew mild, arid cleared Up a little. The 23d arid 24th, we got oat bf 59 degrees, 58 minutes lati tude, where we Jiad ftuck a long time, 'The 25th, we were obliged'to lyby fome hours, and the 26th were becalmed. ' ^ ' f I began then to flatter myfelf with the hppes, that 3 G it we 4^o, MONSIUER FREZIER, ' 171,2. we foould fpon be out of thofe dreadful parts, becaufe yy^ we reckoned we were paffed the longitude of JCape Hern nine or teri degrees, that is, riear 200 leagues, when there c^me up fuch a violent wind at north- weft and weft- norch-weft, and fuch a dreadful fea, chac we were obliged CO ftrike our mizzen-yard and cpp-maft eo the very utmoft. Being difgufted and tired with fuch a fong voyage, ic grieved me co the heare, chac I had cxpofed-rayfelf co fuch hardfoips, being noc only fenfi bfe of che prefenc evils, buc in fear for whac was to corne, if, as had happened co feVeral oeher foips, we ffi-Quld be obliged to return and wincer in the river of Plate, dreadful fpr its bad anchprage, the gufts^pf wind, the. fand-banks, and the foipwrecks fpme pf pur officers had beec in. I compared ehe eafy life of che mpft wretched perfons afoore, with chac of a man qf , fome confideration aboard a foip in a ftorm ; ehe fine weather we h?din Europe about che 2,7 th of May, with thofe d^rl^, days, which were npt above fix hpurs Ipng, and afforded us nq more light chan a finemoonfoine-night; the beauty of the fields adorned with flowers, withthc horrour pf the waves that fwclfed up like mountains ; the fweet repofe a man enjoys on a green tu,rf, with the agitation and perpetual fhocks of fo violent a rol- lirig, that imlefs a man grafped fomething that was vfefl niai^e faft, there was no Handing, fitting, or lying; which had held us fbr near a month, without intcr- raiftipn : All tbi^, added to the remembrance of the terrible night ac Scraic le- Maire, didfo difpiric me, thac I wa^ overcome with grief, and then bethought my-- felf pfthe complaints of Ewopay Horace, I. iii. Ode.i]. (^ S^t. vi. /. 2. : ' ' — : — Meliufne JtuHuis Ire per lonps fuit, au reeentes Carper e fiores ? ¦ O rus ! quando ego te afpiciam F quandoque licebity -, . Nunc veterum libris, nunc fomno, et inertibus horis Oucere; Jollicita jucmda oblivia vita ? ¦ * ¦ ' It Td M A G E L L A N I C A, &c. 4^1 , It was our gpod fortune that the ftorm lafted but rji^. 44 hours ; atfeer which, a norch-weft wind coming up ^^^'^- by the weft, and then a foueh to eaft-fouth-eaft, a frefh gale, which is rare in thofe pa,rts, vtt got into 51 de grees latitude, and 84 or 82 of longicude, accordir^g to our compucation ; fo that we cqpld make ufe of chc fouth- we4 ^"4 fquth-fquth-weft winds^ which; are there ipqft frequent. Three fair days gave us leifure co l^cathe after fq much trouble. The laft of chem, being the 2d of June, wefaw, ac our larbqard-watch, at two o'clock in the morning, a ligh^ run from our mizzen- pendant to the main-ftay^ wh?re it Vanifhed in a mo mene. The nexe day, chc wind, which bad fliifced about from fouth-eaft to north-eaft, by the foueh and Weft, after haying blowi^ Violently at eaft-norch-eaft, quice fkeced chere co a calm, che fea running very high, and then fqr three days more took a different turn, from norch CO fduch by che eaft, fonfietimes a frefli gale, and fometimes a gentle blaft, and ceafed at foueh and by weft, in aboiic 45 degrees latitude, in a calm, the fea very rough. In fine, after haying for two da,ys bore up againft a ftrong furge of the ifea cpming frpm the north, by the help pf the eaft and fputh winds, we came into 40 degrees, 40 minutes lacicude, where we were ti^uch furprifed to fee land 50 leagues fopner than wc expedted, according to the manufeript-charc of S^ Ma-- lo, which we had found better than the Dutch, as far as Scraic le Maire. In foort, having found chaC Pieter Coos chruft back che coaft of the Patagons 60 leagues to(^,far weftward, in refpedt to Brafil, we had laid it afide ; yet, according co his longicude, we here came upon ehe land yery exadtly >yieh our foip. The manufc^ipe-charcs I have here fpoken of, have been cprredted pn che fide of Cape Blanco, and of Strait le~ Maire, by ehe journals qf ehe St. Malo foips, that have failed into the South Sea; a,ll which agree well Cripunh about che longicude pf chem bpth. I knpw npt whether this general agreement tnay form a certain opinion. 4'2^ Mon 6 1 e u r' i k e z I e it, ^ i7i2>.opiriion, for there aVe ""vifible cuffents all along thi "•^^^^ coaft,. FrOm 32 cb^y degrees laricude,- we advanced a'licde lefs ^charf our compucation-; ThaC riiighc be oc-^ cafione'd -by- an erroiir ' in che log ; buc,' on the'dther.* band, from ^7 to 41,' we advanced more to the fouth- Ward,'by-flx- or feven leagues^ in 50 ; and three days- afeef;' 16 leagues and ahalf ih a computaripn of 70,' thac is, about a qUarter; ^ft^rwards dimiriifoirig ; fo' that, iri-about 49 degrees, 50 miriuccJs, cheobfervarions agreed very well wich the tomputation to Scraic le Maire; which I fpund in ehe longicude bf 61 degrees; 35 miriUtes; anfWefing to the jtiS degrees, 2^ minutes^ from the ifland of Hierro, pr Ferro, or 316 degrees; ' 46 minUtes, from the meridiari •of Teneriff, From, thence, I queftion whether the charts could be COrredt- ed , with- good fSafori; '^s to the longitude of Cape Horn arid the coaft pf Chili ; fbr the foips that have ranged Wfe' fame, affure, us, they fqurid curre'nts that drove them to the eaftward, at'thfe farne time chat they reckoned thfey had gained' grourid to the Weftward; Hence proceeds that difference amOng ehe fea-charcs; whfeh allow loO' leagues from che Strait to Cape'Horh; whereas thofe that are manUfcripe, alloW only 40 of 50, This is very cercain,- chac iC is bue in 55 degrees; ^o miniiees' latitude, -or 56 degrees at the utmoft §r* though, in all the printed fe'a-charts, it is laid doWn iri' gy and a half, or 58 degrees,' As to the diftance be-' tweeri th'at cape and the coaft of Chili, it ii ftill lefs known, becaufe few foips have ranged the coaft of' Terra del Fuego pn that fide. Prudence will npt permit ariy CP exppfe chemfelqes "cp ic, becaufe the winds ge nerally come up from fOUth-fouth-weft to wfeftj fd ftrong, J;hat they might force them on the coaft. Hpw ever, there is a channel by- which ehey mighc efca'pc into theSixa\t of ^Magellan. That channel was acci dentally difcpvered pn'tlie 25th pf May, 1 7 1 3, by the tartane St'.'-Barbe, as foall be faid in ariother place. According -to the aftrqnomical obfervation of Father- Feuillee, Who placed La Conception in 75 degrees, 32 mi nutes, TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 433 .putes, go fecpnds Ipngitude, that is, 25, leagues mprei?!?. wefterly than the manufcript cprredted charts, fuppo- ^^"^ fing that of Strait le Maire, as 1 have mentipned it be fore, and 35 leagues farther eaft than thofe ^ of Pietfr Goos, our errour was but of abouc 30 leagues. It is certain, as has been faid, that the nighty we came out pf that Strait, we fell pff cpnlider^bly to. the eaftvyard, not only becaufe the next day we had no fight of land, but alfp becaufe we found ourfelves eighe minuCes more co che norch, upon a computatiqn pf ten or twelve leagues. Twp days after, in about 57 degrees, 26 minutes latitude, we, on the other hand", found our felves 22 minutes more fouth, upon a run pf 70 leagues. Afterwards, we were not fenfible pf the currents for ja ipng time : for, after, having hieen feven days without an obfervation, aimoft continually, in fpul weather, tacking, lying by, and running, 80 greater leagues-, in longitude, we, in 59. degrees, 20 minuties, found no difference ; and fcarce any, three days, afqer, in 55 de grees, 40 minutes:, but not having, feen the fun in eight days, we found OUrfelyes 27 rninviteSj more to the fouthward thap our cpniputatipn. This was in 53 de grees, 6 minutes latitude, apd.,8.4, or.8-2- of longitude. ' - According tP this errpur ^nd the former, there feems to be reafon to conjjedlure, -that there 9.rcf t\yo,;formal furrents, the one along the South Sea, and -the other along che Norch Sea, This laft muft fet -from S^. Ka tharine CO Tierra del i^?/£^s, ..fouth-fouth-weft, andfrom ^he Strait fouth-eafo and eaftrfputh-^aft, ,l3eirig deter- . mined to that coaft by the igoaft of the, P,ato^;(7»j, after wards by the new land of Sf bald's .Iflands, -and chac of Tierra. del Fuego, and Staten- Land.,. Thac'l-n che-^uth Sea, muftpi^eecy near fqllpvy che bearing ,pf,~ the Imd, from Cape Pillars eo Cape /far^y and .frqm-thence turn pff eaft and eaQ:-norxh-ea&,^iong.Barneveit'^l(landsand Staten-Land, as,experience..has foevved^us. It alfofoj- }pws, chac chere muft.be fonae-iictlecurrenc drawn by that pf the land's.end, in the /outh part of CZ^'/z,, which. likewife is agfeeable to experience.j for when we ' H-.adc . I All thefe cohfideratlons have moved me to gdth'CTi7i4« memoirs for drawing of the chart I here infert, in """^^ which may be feen two new difeoVeries, , The one is a paffage inco Tierra del FuegOi chrough Which chance carried che Tartane St. Barbara, commanded by Mar- canil, PUC of ehe ftreighes of Magellan inco the SoKth- Sta', on che 1 5«h of May 1713. About fix in die mprning chey failed from Elizabeth Bay, fteering fputh-weft, and fouth-Weft by fputh j they took the cpmmon channel for that pf the river Maffacre, and were ftanding to foUth-weft on an ifland which they tPPk fpr the DaHphin's, affifted by the cur rents which favoured them, and a gOOd gale at north-' eaft ; they ran along chac iflarid, arid an hpur after the^ had paffed it, chey found chemfelves in a large chan nel, where on ehe fOuth-fidc they faw no other land, but a number of fmall iflands among breakers. Then perceiving chey had miffed cheir Way, chey fought for anchorage, co gain time to fend the boat to difeovet where they were. They found a little bay, where they anchored in 14 fathom water, the botcom gray fand and white gravel, ' The next day, being ehe 26eh of May, they made ready at feven in ehe morriing, and afcer making fome trips CP gee oue of Che bay, which is open Co the eaft- fouth-eaft ehey ftood fouch-fouch and by weft, and foueh-fouch-weft, and ac noon were goc out from be tween che lands. They took an obfervation with very fair weather, and found 54 degrees 34 minutes lati» tude. This obfervation was confirmed by that they took the next day, in flght of a fmall ifland, which bore eaft from them according to the globe ; they found 54 degrees 2 minutes. That little ifland was to the fouthward of a great one, the fouth-eaft point whereof was called Black Cape, becaufe it is of thac colour. The lieele ifland ' here fpoken of, is a iock foaped like a Cower, of an flUCraardinary heighe j clofe by which chere is a fmaller, inuch of the fame foape ; by which it appears, chac ic , would 43® .MoNSlEllR FREZIER. i7i4'Woiald be imppffible eo mifs that cbannel, if it were '"^^ fqughc afcer by its lacicude, Upoft fuch fifi gular land-i m.arks.. The foip's crew fay, chac chere is a good bpccpm, and chac greac foips may pafS' Chere wieh-^ oue any danger, che fame, being abouc "CWo leagues broad. . -in ^ " , This ftraic is perhaps che famfe as chac of Jilouchtej Which 'hAonfieuf de Lifie ha-s laid dpWn iri his laft map pf Chili ; but as the Englifh mempirs, which he has been pleafed cp foew me, feem tP place ic fpiich of Capt Frowart, it may be fuppofed that they are two .. different ftraits.i;: l Perhaps alfo it is che fanie chrough' whi-ch fhe fqua- , drori of Monfiear de Gennes paffed oue in ehe year 1696; If I have iri chis chart fiippfeffed iriiaginary lands,' I have alfo added fpme real, in 51 degrees latitudfe,' whidh I have called new iflaridS; beGaufe difcpvereti fince che year 170CV rrlpft of chem by foips pf5^- Maloi : I have laid chem dpwn according to the me- ' moirs or obfervations of the Mdnrepas, arid che 5?; Lewis, foips belpnging cp ehe India company, which faw chem near ac hand ; and even ehe latter was wace- red chere in a pool^ which I have fee down, near Port St. Lewis. The water was fomewhae ruddy and unfa- vory ; in oeher refpedts good for the fea. Boeh of them ran along feveral pares of ehem, bue none COaft-^ ed along fo clofe as ehe 5/. John Baptift^ commanded by Doublet of Havre^ who erideavpured CP pafs irito ari opening -he faw abpuc ehe middle ; but havirig fpied fome low iflands, aimoft level wich the water, he thought fit to tack about. This range of iflands is the fame that rnonfieur Fcuqust of St. MmIo difcOvered' and to which he gay« the name of Anican ; the perfon that had fet him out. The tracks I have traced Will foew the bearing of thofe lands in regard to Strait le Maire, which the St. John Baptift was come out of, when he faw them, and with: refpedt to Statem- . '^> . ; ikLandii TO MAGELLANICA, 8ec, 43% landt, which the other two had feen before they found 1714, them. "^^ The riorth part of thofe lands, which is here urider the name pf the coaft of the Affumptien, was difcovered pn the 1 6th of July 1708, by Poree of St, Malo, who gave it the name of the foip he commanded, ft was Ipoked upon a^ a new land, about 100 leagues eaft of ' the new ifles I fpeak of; but I have made no difficulcy to join ie to ehe qehers, having convincing reafons for fo doing, I The firft js^ chaC che lacicudes obferved Co the noreh- ward, and to che fouehward of chofe iflarids; and che- bearing of the parts known, anfwer exadlly to che fame poinc qf r?-union onche eaft-fide, without feav ing any fpace beeween chem. ¦ ~ The fecond is, chat there is no reafon to judge chat coaft qf che Affumption co ehe eaft of che ifles of Anican; for Monfieur le Gobien de St. Jean, who has been pleaf ed CO foew me an exeradt of his journal, judges ic to lie foueh from the mouch of the river of Plate ; which being taken ftridtly, could npt rempve it above two or three degr.ees tq the eaftward, that is, abour 2r, or 30 leagues ; but the diverfity of judgements is always a token of uncertainty.: The firft time they faw thac coaft, as chey came from che ifland of -St. Katharine, ehey judged ic Co be in 329 degrees ; and the fecond corning from, che river of Plate, whither the contrary winds had obliged him to go and anchor, after having attempted to pafs Cape Horn, they judged it to be in 322 degrees, and, according to fome, in 324, on Pe ter Goos'^. his chares, che errours whereof we have caken nptice of ac page 30 ; fo chat little regard is to be had to them. However, they repofing confidence in them, thought themfelves very far from the continent ; and reckoning they were too much to the eaftward, ran alfo 300 leagues too far weft in the South-Sea ; fo thac they choughe chey had been running upon Guinea, when ehey made land ac Hilo ; but the third an.l moft fpnyincing is, that we and our comrades mull have run over 432 MONSIUER FREZIER, |.7,i4.over that new land, according eo the longitude in ^-'^^which It was laid dowri in the manufcript chart : and it is, morally impoffible- that a foip foould have had no ' fight of it, being about 50 leagues in lengch eaft- foueh-eaft, and weft-nqreh-well. Thus chere is no mom to doubt, but thac it was ehe north pare of che pj|w iflands, whofe weftern pare, which is yec unknown, time will difcover. Thefe iflands are cercainly che fame which Sir Richard Hawkins difcovered in 1593. Being to the (saiftward of che defare coaft, in abouc 50 degrees, he was drpve by a ftorm upon an unknown land ; he r^n along that ifland abouc fixcy leagues, and faw fires; which niade him conclude that it was inha bited. ¦¦•¦¦¦ Hitherep chofe lands have been ealled Sibaldh iflands, becaufe it was believed, chac the three which bear that name on the charts were fo laid down at will, for want of better knowledge ; buc che fhip ehe Incarnation,, comroanded-by che Sieur Brignon. of S«. Malo, had a near view of them in fair weacher, in 1711, coming out of Rio de Janeiro, They are, in ftlorc, chree he- tie iflands, abouc half a league in length, lying in a triangle, as they are laid down in the charts. They paifed by, at chree or fOur leagues diftance, and chey had no fighc of land, chough in Very open weacher, which proves, thac ehey are at leaft feven ojr eight feagues from che riew iflands. In fine, I have fee down in Roman numbers the va riatipns of che needle obferved in chofe pares, where ics declinacion is very cpnfiderable cp ehe north-eaft, for we have obferved it eo 27 degrees, being co ehe eaftward of che new iflands. After having goc clear of che ice, we were favoured, wich a ftiff gale ac fouch-weft and fbuth-fouch-weft, ac 35 degrees lacicude, and 39 of lo'ngicude, where we had fome calms ; and chen the eaft winds, which car ried us as far as the Tropic of Capricorn, There we had four TO MAGELLANIC A, -Sec. 433 four days of calm, and ppuring rain-fp heavy, that«7i4. the catara,T:s of heaven. feemed to be opened, ^"^^ Afcer thac, a little wind came up ; and, on Sunday the 8th of April; we' had fight of the ifland of the Aft (enfton, when,, accprding to my reckoning, we were LO fee ic exadlly in the manufcript charts corredled, as 1 have fiid, having taken our departure from La Con ception at 7 5 degrees 15 Miriutes, which anfwer to the 2,0 j degrees 5 minutes from the Meridian ofTenerif, inftead. of 298, which is that of the Dutch charts. Thus 1 found that ifland in 32 degrees 5 minutes, which anfwer to the 3.46 degrees 15 minutes,; that is, three more to the weftward than it , is laid down. Thofe w ho had taken their departure from La Concep tion on the charts, found it 156 leagues more to the welt. This errour in Ipngitude is not the only, one, it is alio wronglaid down as to latitude, in 20 degrees; for ic is in 20 degrees 45 minutes, as I obferved atan- "chor near the lands ; This, ifland; called, according to the Portugueze name, Afcenzao, to diftinguifo.it fxora another Afcenfi on iH-and, which is in, about fix degrees towards the coaft of Guinea, is properly no pther than a rock, a- bout a league and a hMf long, very eafily to be known ;on the South and weft fides, by a round body of ftone like a tower, fomewhat conical, and aimoft as hic;h as the ifland. On the eaft it forms as it were two heads, which terminate theCape, It isftillbeccer to beknown by three finall iflands, one of which is about half a league long, lying eaft and by north, according to the com pafs, from the great ifland pf the Afcenfion. Thofe three fmall iflands have caufed fome' to believe, that this ifland and that of Trinidad werethe fame, ground ing their opinion on this, that fome fhips have fought for the other in its latitude, without finding it : But .1 alfo know, that foips have feeri it at their return from the Eaft-Indies, and have alfo watered there in a pool. It is therefpre -withput reafpn, that Edmund Halley has, in his great chart, fuppreffed the ifland pf Vol. m. 3 I the 434 MONSIEUR FREZIER, « 17 14. the Trinity, and given chac name co che rfland of chc ^^'"^ Afcenfion, which he lays down very well in ics lacicude of 20 degrees 23" minuces. We were glad Co haVe mec with chis ifland, becaufe we hoped Co find wacer there, and by chac means pur fue our Voyage wichouc lofing cime, by putting in any- where. We therefore came Co an anchor aC weft, five de*-' ' grees norch, or weft and by norch, according Co che globe, from chaC peek, abouc four cables lengch from ehe foore, in chirey fachoms wacer, ehe boctom fand and ouze. The boat Was immcdiaecly Tene eo find fooaler Waeer, and found ie in 25 fachoms, large black fand, north-north-weft, of a fmall cleft ifland, more to the norchward chan we. The nexe day che boac was fent to look out for wa ter, and found a cUrious fall, which wpuld have fup plied a whole fquadron ; but the foore is fo fet with greac ftpnes, and che fea was fo roUgh, chac chere was no going a fopre wichouc danger. Thus, during che whole mprning, we could gee but two caflis pf waeer, vvhich ftunk in. chree or four days ; for which reafon, dpiabc may be made, whether it comes from a fpring. Thus our fine projedl mifcarried, and we were obliged to refolve to put into Bahia de Todos os Santos, where the appointed rendezvous was. Monday the 9th of April we made ready, and per ceived cbaC ehete was near che ifland a currenc fecting to the north- weft, arid noreh-noreh-weft; for che calms kepc us chere fome days. At lengch, the 2oeh of the fame month, in i2"de- grees 50 minutes latitude, we had fight of the coaft of Brtifil, Which we found mpre remote from the i- .fland of che Afcenfion than is laid down in che chares of Peter GoOs, Robin, Vankeulen, and Loots, aimoft the one half in fome pf them, and a chitd in PChers ; for there are abpue nine degrees of longicude beeween the ifland and the neareft land. From what 1 'have faid, it is eafy cp cpnclude whac ' a« TP MAGELLANICA, fcfr, 435 an errpur chey muft be in, whp had taken cheir mea- 17 14. fures by che chares ; for having caken their departure ""^"^ from Le Conception, 5 or 6 degrees too far cp che weft, and ehe cpaft of Brafil being advanced cpp far eaft by, as many degrees, chey fpund an errour of ac leaft 2PO leagues, according co which ehey muft have peneeraeed inCQ che land, as • happened co che foips of our fquadron, by cheir own confeffion. Thefe errours have always been much the fame with our foips that have put into Braftl, or the ifland of Fernando de Noronha, in cheir return from the South-Sea. The ignorance of the theory, which prevails among our navigators, made ehem aferibe chis difference in judgemene, and che chares, Co che currencs, which they faid did fet eaft, without being undeceived by a fort of uniform errour, noe only in cheir making chf land of Brafil, buc even chac of France, after a naviga tion of 1 4 years, though they faw they found the lands of Braftl too far to the weft ; and that corredting their point on the charts, they found the land of Europe too far CO the eaft, much aboue che fame quanticy or dii- ftarice, as chey had madq cheir reckoning. In chis chey ac leaft difcover their want of curiofity in nPt fee.kirig-to be better informed ; but they are ftill more excufable than their principle hydrographers, who ought to make their advantage of the obfervatiojis which the gentlemen of che academy qf feiepces pubr lifh in cheir Cgnnoiffance d,es Temps. But thofe things being too far above their reach, to Uriderftand and re duce them Co che common calculacioij of che Dutch maps, which are commonly made ufe oU ehey are gall ey of fo much fplly, as co defpife them, as eh^ prqduc- cions qf learned men who wane experience. . Thus in a manuferip; inftrudlipn D. G, pf St. Malo affirms, chat the coaft pf .ffr^y?/ is right laid dpwn on thofe fame chartr,, wherein, neverthelefs, according to the obfer vation caken ac Olinau and Cayenne, chere muft be fix degrees errours Co che eaft. The nexe day, afcer we had made land, beirig Sunr day in ehe morning, we faw a fmall veffel of cwo 3 I 2 mafts. 436 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1714- mafts, iwhich feemed eo ftand as we did S- W- After ^"^^ having'lain by a lieele, he ftood aboiit directly upoii us, bearing up clofe cO Chc wind. With only ehe riiain coUrfe. This extraordinary working, riiade us take him for a pirate; and the rather, becaufe' he feemed to be Englifi built: we put Up our fights, arid expedled him with our arms in bur harids. When he was with in cannon-foot, we put up French colours, and he immediately' arifwe'Ccd with Portuguefe, ftill lyiiig as clofe uppn the wind as he cOuld. We could never ' know what to think of it ; for when we came to Bahia de Todos OS S^w/oj-, they' affured us that no foip had failed from thence in a long time. ' , " " ¦ ' ' We held our- courfe towards -the land, on which many white fpOts appeared ;' then ftoOd off at night, and yet, when it was day, found ourfelves within a league of the coaft, che fea running high, ehe wind in gufts, and chc rain pouring, which made us fear; becaufe ehe coaft is f)ul. - . Thac foul weather obliged us eo ftand put to fea, co expedl fome more favourable co make the bay, arid eo, the fouthward againft che currents, which fet us to the N, E. as is is obferved iri the Grand Flambeau de Mer, at chis feafpn of che yeaC; that is, from March Cill Sepcember, during -which time the S. E. and S. S. E. winds alfo prevail ; fo chat fhips muft keep Co che fouehward, as is there difcreetly advifed, ' At length, on the 26th of 'April, we difcovered Praya de Zu-mba., a place very eafy to be known by an infinite number of white fpots, which look like li nen hung out to dry, as far as within two or three leagues of Cape St. Anthony. The interval Bahia de Todos OS Santos niakes between that cape and die ifle of Taporica, makes it -look difcbntinued, when feen to cheN.'V^'^. and die ifland, or che larboard coaft vc- , ry confufedly. ¦ '-¦ Drawing near the land. Fort St. Anthony appears at the end of the cape, in the midft whereof is a tower, '¦ ¦ ending TO MAGELLANICA, &c, 437 ending at the top in a point, which looks fike a pavi- 1714. lion. Before chac cape is a flac rock, on which chere are four or five fachoms wacer aC low ebb. Ic runs out a- boue a quareerof a league S. W. The ifland -of Taporica, which forms che moUch on the larboard-fide, is ftill fouler, havin gbefore it a fooal, which ftretchcs out above a league S. E. and is feen to break very high upon the ebb ; fo that foips muft bear up due north along the middle of the chan nel to get in fafe, and take heed of the tides, which are of chree hours and chree quareers. , The mouth being two leagues and a half wide, foips may pafs out of the point-blank reach of the cannon, pf the Forts of St. Anthony and St. Mary ; fo that they are lefs to be apprehended in paffing, than they are fit CO obftrudt a defcent in che fandy creeks on the ftar bpard- fidq. As we cpme in by degrees, we difcover on the fame fide, on an eminence, one pare of ehe ciey, which af fords a pleafant profpedt enough, exeending Co ehe inoft norcherri cape, on which is the ForC of Our Lady of Monferrat. In thac bay, aC che fooc of ehe city, is the port where ' the Portuguefe foips come to an anchor, clofed on the fouth and weft fide by the bank called Alberto, on which the water caftle ftands, which might be call ed a-Pate, or horfe-fooe, by reafon of its roundnefs. In 1624, when the Dutch cook ehe town of San Salva dor, Admiral Willekens poffeffed himfelf of that batte ry, which was then of cen pieces of cannon ; and in 1638, when Prince Maurice would Cake chat town from the Portuguefe, he alfo began by poffeffing him felf of Fore Albert, which obliged the Portuguefe to eaft great ftones into the fea quite round it, to rendir the fame inaccelfible for foips, and even for boat?. To enter this port, ftiips muft bear up a littfe to the north, within the Fort of M'.ntftrrat, and when they ' - \ ' bear 438 MONSIEUR FREZIER, 1714- bear eaft and weft with che end pf the cpwn, chey are '¦"^ ac ehe mpuch pf che pore, and paft the bank Alberto: Encering che bay we difcovered chree foips, which were oue of che common anchoring place,* and by ehe fignals perceived chey were our comerades. , In our paffage we falueed the flag of che Holy Ghoft, which anfwered us, and. we proceeded Co anchorS. and by W. of che fore of Mentferrat, and by weft and by norch of che caftle, in Cwelve fachoms wacer, a bad boctom of fand and rock. We would have removed to another ¦ place V but che governor, who had noe permitted the French foips to put inco che ufual pore, would noc allow us CO come near che land, where che bottom is better ; fo thac we chere loft a cable and an anchor ten days afcer, wherein-we were littie beholden co him, no more than ^e Shepherd and the Fid.el, or che Faithful, who had had the like mifchance. This laft was alfo one of thpfe, whom the news of che peace puc upon haften- ing CO che Soueh Seai as to a tr'eafiire chat is going to be fout up ; but they were gping tP the fag-end of that trade, which ehey have entirely ruined by over^ ftocking the country wich gppds. Beirig come to an anchor, we faluted the city widi feven guns, and w(ere anfwered by the like number. Then we went abOuc geeeing provifions, waeer, and wood, andfurnifoing a main-yard, and a mizen maft, ours being unfic fqr fervice. -,. During chac cime, I employed myfelf in feeing the city, and che pares about ie, as /ar as was in my power, noewichftanding che alriioft continual rains, in termixed aC incervals wich fcprching heats. Thofe in conveniencies, cogecher wich our foort ftay, wpuld hot permit me to take fo exadl a plan as I could have wifoed. However, I can give it as a very good idea, ' differing buc lieele from ehe truth in whac is effencial. Befides, ie would have been no advantage to me, if we had' ftaycd long there; fome indilcreet perfons of our fquadron having made me known to the Portugu^e 'officers for an engineer, it was not proper for me to ex pofe myfelf to fome aftVont in a place, where the me mory TO MAGELLANICA, 6?c. 439 mory of che expedition co Rio de Janeiro, ftiU frefo, 17 14. rendered our nation fufpected. In foort, they had'^^^ doubled ehe guards every-where, and even eredled new corps de garde, becaufe tiiere was already five French foips in che road, among which were cwo of force, .the one yo, and the other of 70 guns. ARTICLE VL LA BARBINAIS, to Magellanica, THE hiftory of this voyage was printed in three vo-'7'5' iumcs I'zmo, at Paris 1725, and 1728; and tho' ""^^ it relates nothing very material, yet being fo lately made, it rCprefents che ftate of things, in that part of the -globe, as chey were noc long ago. This has in duced me eo give chis exeradt a place here, efpecially as it never appeared in Englifo hiehereo, "Having lefe che coaft of France in che end of Au guft 1 7 14 in a Ycffcl freighced for ehe coaft of Chili', we goc, iri che beginning of che following year, fighc of che defare land of Patagonia ; next we faw Terra del Fitego~,and then Cape Virgins. Our pilot, thinking he now faw Strait le Maire, entered into a deep bay full of rocks, were we narrowly efcaped perifoing, a bigh concrary wind noc permicting Us co geC back a- gain, buc with the greaceft'difficulty anddano-er. Ter ra del Fuego is riothing but a number of very high iflands, and peopled (according eo common reporc) by favage nations, As che climate is exceedingly bad, and the lands defticuee of eyery ching chat can invice foips to ftay on the coaft, we know .bue little of the country. This very year, 171.5', a French it\\p, after paffing Scraic le Maire, was 'overcaken by a ftorm ; and, during a whole night, chey were driven as ehe wind diredled. Nexe morning che Capcain was agree- ' ably furprifed to find himfelf in a good pore, formed by 440 LA BARBINAIS, TO i7i5-by a number of iflands, whence he faw many oehers, ^"^^ fome of which were high, and covered wich crees, o- thers low and fandy. Here he ftayed feveral days, till the weather grew better; during which he fene his boac, and founded all che paffages near him.- He might eafily have rendered this difcovery much more perfedly but the wane of provifions, and, I believe, che liccle accen- cion generally paid by merchantmen to any thing that does not relate to theif commerce, made him content himfelf with the little he had feen-.. There are many diff"erent opinions coricerning the inhabitants of thefe iflands. Some Spanift} navigators have reprefented them as giants; while the French, who have paffed this Way, fpeak of them only as being very hardy and robuft, but of the Ordinary ftature,living like beafts in the caves of their mountains; and going a|- inoft naked in fpite of the feverity of the Climate *. Staten-Landt was firft difcovered by the Dutch, It lies furtheft fouth of any land we knowj and remains defartffom the rigour of the weather and its, native fte- rility. We paffed £f Maire's Scraic happily,. and in a ve ry foort cime; Ie is about eight leagues in length, and 6 oyer, and here the currents are fo very rapid, that without the affiftance of the wind, it may be paffed in, two hours. Port Defire, fituated in one of the iflands of Terra del Fuego, offers a retreat to fhips in diftrefs, but is feldom ufed. ; ' ' The nighc followihg we had another dreadful tem peft, but having a good ©ffing, we were not in gCeat danger; .yet the fUry of the winds tore oUr fails to pie ces, and the foip, during eight days, lay at che mercy qf the waves. This ftprm carried us intp 6i degrees 30 minutes fouth latitude : It was now the middle of Ibmmer, and yet, in my life, I never felt fprigprqus a * 'We fiiall have occafion to examine this famous queftioii more particularly afterwards, -when -we fliall aflemble all the dif ferent accounts hitherto given; of the Patagonians, and lay them in tMie view before the reader, in our laft book. cpld. TO MAGELLANICA. 441 cold. Our only comfore was, chac, on January 17, we 17K5. had but three hours of nighc, che ftorms appearing lefs ^ terrible during the day, than when the fea is covered 'with darknefs. At laft, after a navigation of fix months, duririg Which we fuffered exceediri^ly for warit of water arid provifions, we got to the ifland Saint Mary, ten leagues from the bay of Conception on the coaft of thiti. Return from the South^Sea. ' March 4, 1 7 1 6, we left the foore of Guara in Peru, holding our courfe weft-north- weft; we found the «urrencs very ftrong in chefe feas. The fun going our courfe, we had him in our zenith, fo chac we could not obferve che laritude. March 22, we choughe ourfelves by efteem in longicude 275 degrees; and here chc heaCs Were intolerable, nor was chere a breach of wind till April 5, when we continued our courfe. An owl now perched on our mafts, where he was caken, and puc in co a cage, in which he lived 15 days wichouc isacing. Ac tiie end of this cime we lee him go. We began Co think that there muft be fome unknpwn iflands near us, whence this bird had been driven eo fea. Yec, according to che charts, and the general opinion, che ifles lie more cothe eaft, and nearer che concinenc of America* . None,howevcr, are feen in chis courfe ; only Mr.Bocage of Havre de Grace, on his paffage from Peru Co China, dif covered, in longicude 280 degrees, lacicude 4 minuces north, a great rock and very high, furrounded by a &rid bank, which he called Paffion ifland, "and chis is the only land chac has yec been feen beyond the line, in chis courfe. * 'Here oUr author is miftaken, there being a vaft number ol -^ands difperied in this vaft ocean, feveral of which lie in the fame latitudes, nearly, as he here points at, though his account in thift place is very incorrefl %d confufed. Vol. HI. 3 K Amqno; 44^ LA BARBINAIS, to i7i6. Among the differene birds chac flew round our foi'p, '"^^ wc took one, larger chari a goofe, whofe wings be- twixe ehe excreniicies meafured feven fece. His beak li/as much turned in and poinced, armed wich cwo rows of fmall, foarp ceech. We caCched him wich a hook baited with a piece of cloth, formed like a fifti. May 27, wefaw a fifo, fwimming with great velocity in pur- fuit of the dorados and bonitos. He had a lono- horn in his head, and hence we called him an unicorn. The oldeft failors on board had never feen any of this fpecies. The day following We landed on the ifle Guam, where I wenC wich che Capcain, Co pay a vific Co chc Viceroy. We paffed chrough a wicket, which formed the portico of his palace, and within I faw a few muf- , kets, feven or eight lances arid Targets, a drum, and foUr colours. Forty foldiers Were ranged in two lines, arid their officer, having received us with all the gra vity peculiar to his nation, he with much ceremony condudted Us irito the Viceroy's apartofienc. The obli- girig mariner iri which hisExcellency received our vifiC, evidenced ehe pleafure he cook in being fupplied With bread arid Wirie, delicacies eo which he oWned he had been quice k ftranger of a long time.— — LeC noc ehe word Palace furprife you. WhaC in France is eefmed a Cottage goes by ehe nanfe Palace here. "The edifice I am rioW fpeaking pf was covered Wich thatch, and palm-leaves. It confifted of chree faloons or apare- rtienCs, che ewp next the entry were deftined fpr the Viceroy, and the third was referved for a number of Indian girls, whom, according to his own accPunt, he educated from a charitable motive. The principal fettlements here are called, Agana, Anigiid, Afia, Rigues, Hugate, and Umata. Before this laft, is the road where foips come to an anChpr. There are other villages -among the mountains, where thofe J«2//»if?if live, who either never fubmicced to the Spa niards, or have thrown off their yoke. '¦' The inhabicants are half naked, and univerfally in- - fedted TO MAGELLANICA,. eSrf. 443 fedled wich the leprpfy, which feems cp be here an epi- '7 »6* demical diftemper. Their hurcs are formed of large '""'^ crunks pf trees, morticed intp each pcber, 4nd cpver ed with palm-leaves. Their way of life is fordid and miferable to the laft degree, and yet the Spaniards here are in a worfe fituation ftill, not being accuftomed to live as the Indians do. Thofe laft diminifo every day, there being fcarcely 1500 now remaining pf 15,000 found there at the conqueft *. Some rice grows in thefe iflands, but their general food is the cocoa. They bruife, and then rnix it with a fore of wine which chey draw frpm che fame cree. They haye many oeher kinds of fruics, fomc of which 1 never faw bue in chefe iflands. The Rima is as big as a melon, ehe pulp of which is white, and refembles bar- fey-meal. The Nica, Iffuni, and Dago thsy ufe inftead qf bread, heating chem in che afoes before ehey are quice ripe.. All chefe feas are full pf iflands quice Co che Moluc cas, and ehey have laeely difcovered chofe called jPa/^oj, or St, Andrei', I have goc a foore accounc of thefe, wriccen by a Spanifh piloc, buc very imperfedl, faying noching of their fi-aiation pr inhabitants. Having ftaid fome days in the ifle jof -Guam, and got aboard provifions from the Viceroy, confifting of fo-wfsi bullocks, foeep and hogs, with a large quantity of ve getables, we continued our courfe to the port ofEmouy '\n China, After a Ipng ft?y in this place, we came by the Cape of Good Hope to the coa^s of Brazil ; arid, March 30, we anchpred in the foad pf Viveros in Gal- {icia. ., * This diminution of the ancJent inhabitants, wherever Euro peans have fettled, prevail?, univerfally. The Indians oi Souths America. Ie0'en every day. This may be; owing to the cruelties Slid devaftations of the Spaniards. But what caufe fhall w? af- figjn fcir the qijick. decreafe of their numbers in North- America, wjQare they have undergone none of the 'hardflilps inftiAed on ttofe in the other hemifphere ? ' 3 K 2 ARTICLE 444 JOHN CLrPPER.TON,. ARTICLE VIL CLIEFERTON,, tq Mc-g^hnica. ^7*9' \ T the cime that the affairs of this nation, anc^ jf\ of all Europe, were extrem.ely embaraffed, by difputes. betvi'een the late Emperor Charles VI- and his Catholic Majefty Philipy . of Spain.,, and the qiiadruple alliance was negotiating, fqme inerchants here, fore- feeing that it could not be fong before \ve broke With Spain, or Spain with v^s, refolved, about the beginning of the year 171 8, to fit out cwo foip,? for the South ,Seas,.in hopes that they might make as happy a yoy-. age as. the Duke an,d t)Mtchefs had done, under the command of Captain IVoodes Rogers ;'2.nd, \yith this view, they pjroyided twp fine foips,. in ?very refpedl fit fpr ehe voyage ; , ch? one called the Sp^edwelf,^. and the other the ^SatiTi?/!, But the war not breaking puc fo. foon as was expedled beeween che two. crowns, it was judg.ed. requifite to haye his Imperial Majefty's comr rniffiqu,! When the fcheme >yas fettled and adjufte^ on this foot, it was thought very neceffary to fipd out ' fqme gentleman who had ferved oq board the .royal navy, that might take upon him the copimand of ehe expeditipn, and be able to carry a proper authp- ricy over chc Flemifb foldiers, as well as Englifh feamen, -v/ho,.'were on bpatd. This fituatipn of things induced thegentlemen proprietors, on the vs'arm, re;; commendation of one of their own number, to make choice of Czptzm George Shelvocke, whq had ferved as a, lieutenant in the royal navy, had the charadter of be ing a good officer, and was certainly as, accqinplifoc,^ a feaman as ever bore command.. He was, befides, a naan of quic/c parts, ready '"peccb, and very winning ' addrefs ; TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 445 jlddrefs; which made bin) qvpry proper perfon for car- 1719^ rying intp exccutiPH this fcheme, as ic was chen mpdel- ^^"^ fed. The firft inftrudljpns he received, were cp pro- feed wich rhe Speedv^ell, chen commanded by Capcain Robert Mitchelf, to Oftend, there to waic for che Empe ror's cpmmiffipns, ^nd CP receive his Flemifti officers and feamen on board che foip, cogecher with as much wine arid brandy, as was choughe prOperfor chc fup ply of both foips during fo long a voyage, in fo cold a cliniace as chac of Cape Horn, and for cheir provifion in che; Soueh Spas, which was boughc in thaecpuncry fpr the fake pfcheapnefs, In was in rhe mpnth of November 1718, chat Cap-. Cain Shelvocke failed Co Ofiend, in order co execute this pare qf his commiffion- To foew the greacer refpedt Co. the Imperial courc, and, ac che fame time, Co giVe this mqre the air of a Germcin ejqjcdition, it was refol ved to change the names of the foips ; and therefore the biggeft, of thirty-fix guns, arid 180 men, was called the Prince Eugene ; and the leffer of twenty-four guns, and iq6 men, was named the Siarenberg, after Count Starenberg^ his imperial Majefty's prime mini- fter- The cqmplemene pf men Capcain Shelvocke was to take in, wis Cixty Flemings, under chree officers; arid when he had got them on board, tpgether with his wine and brandy, he was to proceed diredtly for the Downs, where he was tP meet his cOnfprt the Prince Eugene, that had been fitted and. maniied in the river. He was likewife inftrudled tP make no fort of foew or parade there, by hoifting of colours, giving entertainments, inviting ftrangers aboard, or, in foore, doing any ching chac mighc giv-e inquifitive people an pppprtunity of prying iritO the defign of the voyage, -" or the ftrength of the foip, ' But Captain Shelvocke, ^apprehending that he had a difcretionary power, arid, Jierhaps; finding it impoffible Co manage chings in chat Country wichouc a licele foew, fome firing of guns, and jiow and chcn a dinner, gave incoic by degrees; and, ?e laft, failed for che Downs mth ninecy Flemings, and fix m6 JOHN CLIPPERTON. ^7^9-% officers on bpard, where he found his confort, ^'"^^ Pfince Eugene, which had waited for him there fpriic time. The accident pf his ftaying fp Ipng, created the firft uneafinefs, his pwners having fpfne pf them waited at Deal fpr feveral days, in expedtation of bim ; but di.fpuces quickly grew high, when ie Was found, thac the plemijh feamen, confiding in their numbers, and prqud qf being commanded by their own officers, be- bayed in fiich a manner, that the Englifh knew noc bow to adt. with them ; and, as there was conftantiy a mixed command, thefe difputes were fo often repeated, that at laft che whole foip's crew was in a flame, and the owoprs fay/, wh%c they might eafily , have gueflfed before, thac Co fend o.uc a mixt cornpany, of Englifh- men and Flemings, tg crqife upon the Spaniards, was, in itfelf, ?t very iU-judged, and", in che evene, a very impradticable ching; fo chac, after all the care and expence it had coft them, ehey found chemfelvcs obli- f;d eplay afide all thoughts of proceeding under chc riiperpr's commiffion; to which chey wpre clie'more , eafily induced, fince chey were ho longer under a ne ceffity of making ufe qf it, .the -war .being by this time begun between Great Briidin and Spain. Ic was therefpre refolved, tp prpci],re 'KlmgC^eorge's cqnp mif fion, andcp fend back all c.he men and officers cp Ftan- ders, paying cheir charges, and allowing two months ¦wages to the men. This refolution was no fooner ta; ken, chan ie was puc in execution : But, before we pare with his Imperial Maiefty's cqrpmiliiop, 1c may noe be amifs to cake a copy of it. 1 have always ha4 a greac diflike co .filling up boplcs wich public inftrii- rneriCs and records ; buc chis cpmjniffion of che Em peror's is really a curiq'fity, iii poinc bbth of ftile ana fubftanciB ; and, as I believe it i? the only one df its kind that ever was prpcured by Britifi, fubjedts, I hppe my readers will be yery well fatisfied vfith my inferting it, efpecially when I obferve, that this cammiffipn was obtained befpre the Eaft-Indi.a company was eredled aC :/\ which foeivs how dangerous a thing is is, for the TO M A G E L L A N I C A, eVf. 447 the fubjedts pf the fnaririme pOWcrs Co apply 101719* foreign princes for commiffiptis, fince ic opens ^¦"^ the fecrets of cheir crade, and ptJCs fuch coures upon fchemes ehey would noe otherwife have thought of. But as to the commiffion : Thus it runs. A Tranfi-cttimof the Imperial Commiffion ^ <' QHakles VI. by the Grace of God, Emperor of " the Romans, always Auguft •, King of Germany, *'¦ Cdftik, Leon, Arragon, Naples, Sicily, Jerufalem, '• Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Navarre, *' Granada, Toledo, Valentia, Galicia, the Balearic If- " lands, Seville, Sardinia, Corduba, Corfica, Murcia, *' Juan Al^arve, Algier, Gibraltar, ehe Canary Iflands, '* alfo of che Eaft-Indies, che iflands and foreign lands '* of che weftern fea, lit^ ktchdu\ie of Auftria, Hukt *' of Burgundy, Brabant, Milan, Stiria, Corinthia, Car- ¦*' niola, iLuxemberg, IVirtemburgh, che Upper and ?' LowCr Silefia, Athens, and Neapatita ; Prince of *'- Suabia ; Marquis of che facred Roman empire, Buf- " gau, and Moravia; Earl of Habsburgh, Flander^, " Tyrol, Barcelona, &c. We make known and Ceftify " CO all , ehe world, by ehe cenor of chefe prefencs, chat " of our own motion, and from che fuUnefs of our " poWer, we have allowed and granced our imperial " permiffion, and free libercy, eo ehe faichful, and " (of us) moft deferving man George Shelvocke^ upon *' a cercain and experienced opinion of his honefty, " confirmed by a long feries of good adlions, co pre- " pare and fie oUC for war che foip called che Prince "" Eugene, able co carry chirty-ewo guns, or chere- " aboues, and Co fail wich her well-ficted and furnifhed *' wich arms, chrough any feas, far and wide, eo fol- ?' low and purfue any fuch as are che enemies of " our moft auguft houfe, bue chiefly ehe enemies of " the Chriftian name, and Co Cake and feize cheir '* ihips, eo the end chac our fubjedts, and our foores, '^ may. 448 John clip^pertoM, 17-19. " may be freed from che incurfions of the Turisi '"'*^ " and be rendered fafe froni all ertemies ; or chac our " enemies may be punifoed for cheir infolence, foould " they qffer any injury copUr dominions or fubjedlsi " But We have "npc otherwife granted and allowed chis " power and C^fareaHpermifHon cothe aforefaid George ".Shelvocke, chan upon condicion chac he fuffer che " before-named foip, wich all Che effedls wherewieh " foe is laden, co be ettimated and valued by our Ge- « neral Archichalaffic Collegej, commonly called The " Office of Admiralty of the Spanift} Flanders ; and chat « he furnifo and fie outthe faid foip for war, by order « and apppincmene of ehe faid office of admiralcy ; arid " alfo give che proper fecuricy, and Cake the ufual «' oaeh. required by che faid office, or 'co whom- " foever ehe admiralty fhall authorife and imppwer, *' by order pf Pur governpur, qr qur plenipptentia- " ry ix\ Flanders, vi±. thathe is the trUe commander *' of the foip; and that he will eiadily obferve out ' " orders and rules relating to naval affaifs arid hoftili- «* ties ; and take care ehey be inviolably obferved by " che feamen, and fuch as fail;, with him ; Likewife, " that a lift or catalogue be made, in which the names *' and furnames Of che perfqris whq ferve in che faid foip, " with eheir birch, councry, and habicacion, be ** clearly expreffed, chat the commerce qf our fubjedts « own confederates foall noe be difturbed, or any »' ways hindered.; chac foips taken from the enemy « foall noc be funk in ehe fea, nor che prifoners fee on •' foore, or difperfed on iflands, or diftanc and remote " countries, co hide and conceal che nacure of cheir " booty: That no chefts, boxes, or trunks, which *^ foall be found, ih the foip when taken, fhall be o^ " pened, or any part of the prize-goods taken away, *' moved, or clandeftinely fold : Laftly, chac he ufe " his beft endeavours CP prpcure che writings and '" proofs relating CO che gppds aboard che, prize-foips, V chac che adlipn and feizures may. be approved by the " officers of the admiralcy abo^e mentioned'; to which ¦" officers TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 445 " oncers he is co deliver chofe proofs, together wich J7^' " che prize ; and alfo co acquainc chem wich chc day, " hour, arid filace of Che fea;, in which chc foip was ea- '« ken ; But if he fliould be compelfed by ftrefs of -" Weather, Or enemies; co make anocher port, he " lie muft inform che above-mentioned office pf admi- '' ralty of all thefe things; arid, by the diredlion and "^ appoincmene of the fame, pay the cench pare of che " Value of ehe priz;e, che expences in unloading the ^'- goods, and Warehpufe-rppm, bemg firft dedudted. " Upon chefe- conditions, we do allow and granr, '' CO chc above-riamed Capcairi George Shelvocke, ehe ^' free ufe of Our Cafarean and Imperian flag, arms, " arid enfigri; and we cpmmand our generals, go- '" Verriots, and chief commanders, by fea and land, '^ and all che offiters and aceendancs of our pores, (and *' vfre alfo defire of ehe governors, commanders, and " attendants, arid officers of our allies; and neutral " princes) that they kindly receive the faid Captain " Gfo'rge Shelvocke into the pprts or ftatipns pf their ju- " rifdidlions, protedl him with their patronage, and " allow and permit him freely to fail, pafs. and repafs, " and adl in an hoftile manner againft our enemies, *' under the limitations above mentioned, forwc think, " it expedienc for our Imperial fervice ; nor foall we *' adt ocherwife cowards che fubjedls, or any comman- " ders of foips of our allies^ or neucral princes,, bue " cfeae ehem wich ehe fame favour and proeedlion. In " ceftimony of which, We have ordered and command- *' ed chefe prefents, fubferibed by our own hand, and " authorifed by the feal of our Imperial arms, and un- '" derwritten by Ramundus a Vilini Pei^las, Marquis " of Rialp, our fecretary of ftace, as ufual, co be made. " Given in our ciey of Vienna, i6ch July, A. D. " 1718^, of our governmeneof cheEmpire 5, of Spain *' 13, oi Bohemia and Hungary ^. Charles." " The faid Capcain George Shelvocke may make ufe *' of this Imperial commiffion in warring againft che " Spaniards, and ^ny fubjefts of the poffeffor of that VeL.ip. L ^fi crown J 450 JOHN CLIPPERTON, J7'9- " xroWn ; but nocagaiirft any other power, though even '¦'"'^ '' enemies to the Chriftian name, on cither fide pf the " equinpdlial line, nordq them the leaft injury, Dpnc '¦'¦ 9.t Bruffels, the zSeh of S«^/. 1718. Castillon." A Gpmmiifipn pnce obtained from his Britannic Ma jefty, the fhips. returned to their old names, the Suc- cefs and Speedwell; but another revolution happened pf a more extraordinary nature, which was, the curning Capcain Shelvocke oue qf his command, and making him buc fecond in chis expedition. This was, in all probability, owing to fome litde miftakes in his con dudt when he made that foort trip to Flanders, as well as tqthe change of circumftances, which might have .irij?Iined che propriecors co prefer anocher officer, fince rlbw che whole face of ehe expedition depending on ehC perfedt knowledge of, and righc cpndudlin, che South Sea%a man of another curn was neceffary. This officer, whff was chus preferred eo Captain Shelvocke, was a perfon we have often mentioned befpre, viz. Captain John Clippertorii whp, in Captain Dampier's voyages, is called.Clippington,, who ferved" under him in the ca pacity of a mate, and of Sivhofe adventures, after his fe paration from Dampier, we have already given -a de tail ; But as we are now cp accpmpany him a fecpnd time round the world, it may not be amifs to give a farther accounc bf him ; che raeher, becaufe whac 1 de liver, is from .unqueftionable auihoriey, having, been favoured wich many lights in compfling of this voyage. He was borri aC Tarmouth, in che cOuncy of Norfolk ; _and his relations being moft of chem feafaring people, he was from his infancy bred up in chac way ; and, ha ving faifed in aimoft all forts of veffels to moft of the .pores Qf Europe, once to the PVeft-Indies, and once round the globe,, he had by this means gained great cxpe- perience, and was allowed, by all who knew him, to be an able pilot, an experienced feaman, an4 anofE- cer as capabfe of conducting the expedition he under- - took, as any man chen in Great Britain. Ic is crue -Capcain Clipperton had his faules j as, indeed, who is without TO MAGELLANICA, fc?f. 45i- withoue them ? but chey were very far from being ei- 17 '9- ther grofs in themfelves, or dangerous co oeher men. ^"^^ He was a blunc, rough, free-fpokcn failor, had noc much che air of a gentieman, and chereforc he never afFedled ic ; was free and pafy among his feamen ; and though he was fomewhae paffionaee, yec he was foon appeafed, and was ready to repair any injury or inju- ftice he had done in heat of blood. He had a ftridt re gard CO whac he cook 10 be his duey, was a man of ho- peft principles, and had a greac deal of juftice and hu- manicy in his nacure. His circumftances were buc in different, which induced him to undertake this voyage ,. for che raifing himfelf and his family, which he left du ring chis time in Ireland. The charadter Captain Clip perton had obeained amongft che merchancs fpr his flcill, fideficy, and fteady courage, recommended hiip , cothe propriecors qf this expedieion, who, having npw advanced upwards of fifteen thoufand pounds towards ic, choughe proper co puc him inco che Succefs, and in- cruft him wich ehe chief conimand, leaving Capcain George Shelvocke in the Speedwell,, where he had under him, as his fecond captain, a perfon we have ofeen menr tioned before, viz. Cape. Simon Hatley, Che fame whom C^pe, Woodes Rogers loft among the Gallapagos If|and$, and who was a long time afterwards prifoner among che Spaniard^, The inftrudtions chefe genelemen received, were in fubftance chefe : Thac ehey' fopuld proceed with all imaginable diligence eo Plymouth ; frqm whence ehey were co fail, with ehe firft fair wind, fpr CipeHorn, or che Scraits of Magellan, and to niake their paffage ei- cher round chac Cape, or chrough thofe Straics, as foould CO ehem appear moft cpnvenient : chen co fail inco ehe South Seas, cruife on ehe coafts of Chili, Peru, and Mmca, and endeavour, if poffible; eo meet the Acapulco fhip, Tp prevene all difpuc^s and difprders, cheir propriecors diredted the capeains co adhere fteadi ly CO thefe three maxims ; Firft, to be careful, above all things, noe cp feparace froni each other; becaufe ^ ,3 L 2 that * 452 JOHN CLIPPERTON, ^3^- that wqii,ld, in aU probability,^ prove the ruin of their. voyage. They were nexe inj^oined tq undercake nq^ thing of imporcance wUhouc holding a, Vouncil of pfHr <:ers, ftacing eh? queftion in wrici^ng that was eo be de- baced,_ drawjn,g up ehe refolution, wich the reafons upi- pn which it was grounded, in concife ternas, and obli ging every officer, prefent to fign it. They werpj laftly, diredled CO call a council, in the' fame manqer, as foon^' as poffible, after, any adtion had happened, pr any pri:5e. of confequence been caken, in which che'condij^ qf ehe officers concerned might be examined, and a true judgment paffed u,p,on iton che. fpot,' fubferibed by che ' perfons affifl:ing ac ehe council, co prevene all ppfli bihcy of difpuce. Thac neieher qif the cpmmanders might cake pffence at ehe ftridlnefs pf chefe rules, pr npt cnceci fuf^ciencly intp the motives of them, the lalf thing the prpprietprs did, was, tp prefent each of the captains' with Mr, Rogers's Voyage, that chey mighc never be ac a lofs fpr proper precedents chrqughoue che expediT tion,' Buc thefe' precautions proved in a great meafure ufelefs, fince the expedition wore an unfortunate afpedt from the beginning; fpr. the foiips.were obliged eo lie , three month^iae Plynioutk, waiting fpr a, wind, Duririg, vrhich time, all chings fell intP cpnfufion, and faidtiquS were formed, in which che crew? of boeh foips were in volved, as one of ehe hiftorians of this vpyage righcly obftryes, frpm che captaip.s dpwh tq the ca.biri'boys. Capt. Shelvocke ^ighly .ftomached. the.affropC tbac had been offered him, in giving his foip., and che chief com- piand, CO. another perfon ; and Capt. Clipperton. being a boifterous man, knowing Skelwke's refitntment, ha-' yirig himfelf ftrpng paffions, and not being able to con ceal theip, there was nothing bqt debate and difputesi; fo that every poft carried up cpniplaints to the proprie tors, and brpughe dpwq inftrudtions, reproofs, and ex- hortatiops to concord and harmony, fq long as they re- ^nained in pprt. It is certainly a very tediou? and trouT ^lefome office, to be obliged to record thefe forts of quarrels ; but, as the face of the voyage, depends, upp.o them,. Tq, MAGELLANICA, fci'tf. 4^3. hem, and, as it would be impoffible to underftand 17 '9: what follows, without fuch a previous account, we """^ muft go through it as well as v/e can- It had, irideed, been happy fqr the proprietprs, the reader, and myfelf, if, on matiire confideration on the confequences that nauft accend perpetual hearc-burns and difpuces between the commanders, they had wifely removed one, or both ; in which cafe, they might, very probably, have made as profperous a voyage a? che Duke and Ducheffk 5ue ic fq fell out, that the concern every genelcman had fqr his itriend in pqft, goc che beccer qf chat con cern which he oughe co haye had for himfelf, his fel* low-ovyners, and the common good of che voyage \ fo that in this, as well as in many other qafes, private views proyed che caufe of public rqin. Qn ehe i3ch of February 1719, che Succefs, Capt. Cllippertpti, and chc Speedwell, Cape. Shelvocke, failed wich 8 fair wind, but with as odd a circumftance, as perhaps ever happened ; which was this : That the Speedwell had ftill on board the whole ftock df wines, brandies, and other Jiquors, defigned for the fupply of both fhips, ; and, bow fatal a miftake ic was noe co divide them before this time, will very foon appear* On the ifcb, they had frefo gales, fqually, wich rain. In the evening, they unbent their beft and fmalleft bowers in the ¦ Succefs,' Siow^ed their anghors, and found themfelves ofeen obliged eo fopreen fail for- ehe Speed- it/ell. Cape. Shelvocke tells us, chat he came this day under the lee qf the Succefs, and complained to Capt. Clipperton of the cranknefs of his ffiip, which proceeded ft-om their having too much weight aloft ; and there fore defired him to fend for his wine and brandy, which would give him (Cape. Shelvocke) an opportunity pf fla-iking down fome ofhis guns into che hold, which Wpuld have enabled him eo have failed much better than he did ; Bur this, it feems, was negledled ; and was, undoubtedly, a very great omiflion in Capt. Clip- pertotf ; though, at the fame time, we muft acknow- :i|dge, it argued yery little diftruft in him of Captain ' ', Shelvofke'% 4^4 JOHN GLIPPEi^TON, j-jig.Shelvocke^s leaving him; and is the fulleft proof pb(5- 'yy board. Captain Clipperton ordered them bread and cheefe, and a dram of brandy, though ic was very fcarce. The former they eat very hearcily, or rachep greedily ; but the latter proved difagreeable to their fmell, and they could noc be prevailed upon to tafte ir. They broughe fome wild geefe and ducks, which chey exchanged for kriives ; and had a fire in che middle of their canoe, which was made of the. bark of trees. fewed cogecher. They had bows and arro vs, and fbme fifoing-taCkle along with them. After a-bout two hoursr ftay, they rowed afoore, making figns that they would come again. The next day in tfie afternoon, the pin nace was fent afoore, and-returned in the evening, with the Indian canoe laden with large mufcks, which the Indians had trucked with their people for bread, knives, and other things. In the beginning of the month of July, they found the weather very moderate. ¦ The na tives were very fat from being fo mifchicyous a people as they are generally reprefented ; uf which they had two remarkable inftanees ; The firft was, that one of their men, whom they had on fliore two nights and a day, Was'very kindly treated by them-; The other, that one of the natives being, by accident, feft on board;' the foip, they came the next day, without any fcan, • and carried him away with them ; which foews, that, if they are well crcaced, they are not treacherous. Ano,' ther Indian canoe, that came on baard, had feveral wa- TO MAGELLANICA, tff. 4^r pen in it, each with a necklace of very fmall foining 1719, fliells of five Pr fix rpws, very nicely ftrung, , which ^"'''^ looked like mpcher-of-pearl. All chis time, eheir fhip's fornpany was very fickly, and fcarce a day paffed, bue ibme one or pther djed; which was generaUy attributed. to their want of fomething comforcable iri fo rigorous a climace j for, chough they had fometimes fair moder ate weacher for two or three days cogecher, yec ic was conciriually varying; and, perhaps, for cwo or Chree days afterwards, they had rioching but fnpw, rain, and jleec, wich greac flaws frpm ehe fhore, that were into lerably foarp. On July 8, they buried' their mafter gunner afoore, under a treble difcharge of eheir fmall arms. They caufed a ftrong plank to be driven ac ch^ head of his grave, on which was che following inferip-' tion : Mr. 'William Pridham, Gunner of the Succefs, deceafed July 7, 17 19, in this Strait, and lies buried here. Qn the 30th in che morning. Cape. Miicbel and Lieuc. Baviifon went in che pinnace to Terra del Fuego, or che fouth foore, in order to make a difcovery of the paffage thac the French Tartan is faid eo have wenc chrpugh in to the South Sea, May 1 7 1 3» and tP fee if chere was any anchpring beyond Cape^ad, being furnifoed with all neceflarics for thac purpofe. On ehe 29th, the pinnace recurned, having found the paffage through which the Tartan paffed, but lb narrow, chac it was judged hazar dous to go far that way : But cheir prpvifions fell foore, and, thac place affordmg np manner of fupply, they were forced to return, before chey could fatisfy them felves thoroughly; yet they found feveral 'good bays to the north-weft of Cape ^ad to anchor in. The Indians gave them a feale, which they broiled and rnafted, and faid it eat as Well as any venifon. On Auguft 1, in the moi-ning, Capt. Mitchell, with three other officers, went a fecond time to look for this new paffage ; but, after the ftridleft exaniination, could, not find that it led into the South Seas, but only into an icy bay, and this paffage too fo narrow, thac their foip could not have made way through it. After Capr.M'c/j^V/ return ed. 462 JOHN CLIPPERTON. ^1*9 ed, they refolved to profecute their vpyage chrough the ^"^^ Straics, which, with much danger and difficulcy, they • did, being all the time at very foore allpwance, viz. at one piece of Beef or pork to 'fix men. Ori Au-» guft 1 8. chey arrived in ehe Souch-Seas, buc che crew were chen in fo wcalf: and weary a condition, chat ic was fimply impoffible for them to uwdertake any thing im- eiediately : Befides, Captain Qlipperton was determin ed Co purfue his inftrudtions clofely ; and therefore re- jfolved to fteer for the ifland Qf J^aif Fermndez, the .jthird and laft place of rendezvous. On Sepcember 7, Captaxn Glippertan, in the Succefs, anchored before che ifland Juan Fern^indez, which he fearched very diligencly, in hopes of finding fomc ce ftimony of the Speedwell's having been chere, buc to ho manner of purpofe. His nexe care was cp pomply, in all refpedts, wich his inftrudtions, by remaining "p- qn, and ci-uifing abouC che iflan4 for a full month. He' likewife ordered an' infcription cq be cue, on a rer markable tree, fronting che landing-place ; fo thac it ,was impoffible for any foips crew co come afoore, and nor fee ie. This infcription ran thus, Capcain Johtt tV. Ma'gee, 1919. This 0^illi am Magee was furgeon on board ehe Succefs, a perfon cxeremely well known by Capcain Shelvocke,' and all his foip's company. The reafon why Captain Clipperton's name was not inferted in this infcription, was plainly thi.s, that hajving cruif- cd beforein the Sovith Seas, and having been alfo-a long time prifoner among the Spani^ds, he did not think fit to give ehem notice ofhis recurn into, thofe pares. He next fenc afoore moft of his fick people, and made ufe of all ehe conveniencies the ifland afforded fqr their recovery ; but found it extremely difiicult, either eo. reftpre che fick eo health, or to preferve thpfe that were well in tpferable. fpirits, without fo niu.ch as a drop of wine, brandy, or other .ftrong liqUor ;. not thap his people were giving to drinking in an extravagant degree, but becaufe the thoughts of being without a- ny cordial, if they fell fick, dejgdtv;d them exceffively. . The TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 4*j The weacher was very changeable while chey continued lytf ^ chere, abundance of rain faUing, and chey had alfo fome hard gales' of wind : However, chey cppk a greac ma ny goacs, which noc only ferved chem for the prefent eating, bue likewife ferved co increafe their fea-ftoro, becaufe they had an opportunity of faleing chem; fome French foips chac had couched on che ifland, having left a greac quanticy chere ready made. They likewife wooded and wacercd wich greac cpnveniency, and clean ed cheir foip, thac foe mighc be in che betcer conditi-^ on to adt in the Souch Seas, where ic was now vifible chey were co cruife alone ; for Capcain Clipperton wasi clearly of opinion, chac che Speedwell was loft ; or at leaft he gave oue fo co his foip's company co pacify chem, and to hinder chem from curfing concinually Captain Shelvocke, for running aWay wich eheir liquor^ which, however, fome of ehe fick men did wich their dying breaths. One thing was very extraordinary, chat the beauty and fertility of this ifland, compared with the dangers and difficulties they were fure to meet with in che South Seas, cempted four of Captain Clipperton's men to encer into a fcheme fur remaining in poffeffion of fq valuable a country. In purfuance of which, they adlually ran away from che'foip, and becook chem felves CO che mountains : As ic was very inconvenient CO lofe fo many good hands at fuch atime, and not a little dan^rpusto leave chem in fuch a place, Capcain Clipper- ton ordered che neceffary meafures co be caken for ap prehending ehem, buc wichouteffedl. [Aclaft, cheday be fore che foip was to leave che ifland, Capcain Mitchell, wich fome more pfficers, wene inco ehe pinnace eo the eaft part of it, eo look for chefe four men, who had then abfeneed a forcnighe,; cwo of which men chey found in cuftody of ehe goac-hunters, having mec with them in Purfuic of cheir game ; who affirm.ed, ehey had "greater difficulty in fecuring chefe fellows, chan in kil ling double ehe number of gpats ; becaufe chey were forced tP fire feveral times ac chem befpre they wpuld furrender. The prifoners acknpwledged, that, for the 4^4 JOHN CLIPPERTON;? l7i9' the firft five days, they were hard put coie, being for- '¦''^^ced to fubfift wholly on the cabbage-erees; ofwhicH here is great plenty ; but added, that, having, by good fqrtUnc; on night found fome fire chac was left by eheir huncers; it ferved thepi i'i goqd ftead ; for they cpuld then drefs their flefo,, and fill their bellies; The fame evening, they broughe on bqard all che fifo they had faleed, fourcafksof feale-oil, and whaceve^-elfe beloftged co chcrii. As foon as che crew were on board and mtiftered; on Odlober 7.' they prepared to fail ;- and, in ehe mean time,Captain Mitchell went on foore again in che long-boaC; Cp fee up a crpfs already cue fpf thac purppfe, ac the fooc of which he buried a bocticj in which was coneained a leceer for Capcain Shelvocke^ diredling another place of rendezvous, and fome pro per figrial to know each other by at fea. At eight in the morning, they weighed from the ifland of Juan Fer nandez; and left cheir cwo men in poffeffion of ic, who are co be repueed fucceffoCs co governor Sif/it'r^ ; tho', for any ching 1 knoWj we have notche flighced memoirs of eheir adminiftration. After leaving die ifland of Juan FernaiideZi CapCairt Clipperton failed norchwird, cill he was in ehe parallel of Lima, where he intended co adl, chough he was now in a very indifferent condition-, ^having loft chircy men beeween ehe cime qf his pafling the Equator^ artd his leaving the iflarid of Juan Femandei^. His men expreft fing fome uneafinefs in relation co plunder, he refolv-' ed, if poffible, co fee chac poinc co fights, by fixing a paper to the main-maft, which was affenced eo by chc whole foip's company i , "- I. The man who firft fpies a faih proving a prize, *' to have five dollars for every hundred ton che prize *' meafures. " II. Every man aboard a prize, found drunk, or *' in any indecenc adt with a whiee or black wpman, " Cq be puriifoed according to che nacure pf .his of- " fence. ¦ , . ¦ " 111, Every man, pf whatfoever degree, concealing " any TQ MAGELL.ANIC A. ' 4651; pertonf)^nt lituttn-iv.t Serjeants fon, wich eighe men, eo cake poffeffion of her ; who as foon as he came on board, ordered all ch^c appeared to him, fuch as feamen, Indians, and negroes, into the great cabin, and pfeced a centinel at the door of it. Thinking that all tnings were now fecii re, he command ed the top-fails to be hoifted, in order to ftand cothe commodore : The-trien noc in ehe leaft apprehenfive of danger, wene down into the hold to fee what. was in the foip; upon which the paflengers, who. were con cealed- falfiedout; knocked -moft. of them down; and TO MAGELLANICA, «Srf. 463^ ifchc J%(fM boatfwain, coming behind Mr. Serjeantfon, i7»6. Isnockcd him down likewife, and then ordered them eo ""^"^ be all bound. The Spaniards in the greac cabin, in the mean cime, fecured che centinel, and, ha ving thus recpvered eheir foip; began next tp cpn fider whac ehey foould do wich her. The capcain Was for geeeing afoore ac all events ; which defign of his he pUrfiied fo eagerly, as to run his foip uppn ehe rocks, where himfelf, his company, and his prifpners "were all in equal danger ;. which he no fooner perceived than he ordered all the Englift) Co be unbound, and, by good fortune, every man of chem, goc fafe on foore, atcer which-, lieUcenanc Serjeantfon, and his people, were fent prifoners lo Lima. The viceroy of Peru was rio fooner acquaine^d wich this hardy adtion, chan 'he gave orders for che building a new foip ac Guiaqujl For the Capcain, and ordered all the craders co be tax ed towards the expence of her, iritending chis as a re- Ward for cheferyice he had rendered to the public, and hoping thereby to encourage others to behave as he had done. On the arrival of the prifoners at Lima, they were clofely examined ; and one of them gave a full account of every ching he knew, and particularly of the cwo men left upon che ifland of Juan Fernandez, and of che leaving chere a bocele, with a letter in it fon his Confort: Upon which, the "Viceroy ordered a fmall veffel CO be ficced oue, to fetch away thofe two men, 'and the bottle containing the fignals ; and this was ac cordingly performed. I have drawn the whole of this relation together; thatthe reader mighc have ic in one view ; and foall now recurn eo Capcain Clipperton, and che manner in which he profecuced his voyage afcer this unlucky accident. Ic Was che 20ch, abouc chree in che afeernpon, when he perceived, chac his laft prize was recaken ; for ma king a fignal CO actack, and obferving chac ehe Fink, inftead of obeying iC, made all the fail fhe could for the foore, he immediately fufpedted whac had happened ; and, firtdingit impoffible to come up with, her, began 3 N i 468 JOHN CLIPPERTON 1719- to confider next what was fitteft for him to do, to, pref- '""'^vent the- bad. effedts that might be reafonably appre hended from her crew getting on foore : and therefore the next morning he very prudently determined to fet all his Spanifto prifonhs at liberty, as well to fave provi fions, which, at that time, he could very ill fpare ; as that their good ufage might- be ipeedily known, and returned to fuch of his men as were in their! power, k is noc eafy eo conceive, how. a wjfer, or abetter expe dient could be choughe of ac fuch a juncture ; and there fore it is but doiflg juftice to this officer to remark, that his fo fuddenly recollecting himfelf, and corredting his errour, was fufficient to excufe him ; efpecially if we refle-il,' that,.- for one officer, capable of making, fgch amends for it, there might be twenty found, .who, af ter falling inco fuch a miftake, could never think: of making any amends at all, but rather employ their wits ii"i framing fidlions' to conceal it. , On the. 24th, they took another prize, called Cayetdn,. of about 260 tons burthen, laden with wood from Panama to Lima,.'ha- vingon board forty negroes, and thirty Spaniards, moft of them paffengers. On the 2'7,th, they came to an anchor with '411 their prizes at the ifland. La Plata, ¦ where the Captain began ferioufly to confider, > how he fliould make the moft of this expedition for his owners, as well as himfelf, and his company. He knewthatall the coaft was alarmed ; and thac two men of war,. oiTc of fihy, the oiher of thirty guns, were fitted out on pur poie to take him : He was fenfible, that the gooGs be ¦ •had on board were not likely to be ranfomed in that piirc of the worid ; andthat they ' would prove mere drugs, if, brought inco this ;• and therefore laid all thefe, things tcgtther ; and, refledling on a propofiti- nn 'formerly n-sade. by Captain fVccdes Rogers, ,to:ft;nd a cargO;{'f fuch prize-goods to Braftl, he, re folved to try -the experiment; and accordingly he fitted ouc the bark in which he took che countefs 01 Laguna; mounted her with eight gun*.; and, -putting on. board her thirteen En-^l-ijh?itcn, and ten negrces, . with.what provifions and - • ' other to MAGELLANICA, &i. 4^9 dthcr neceffaries he could fpare, he called her the Chick- 1720. ly. Into this velfel he puc a cargo cf European com- "-"^^ modieies, valued ac 10,000 pouhds ahd upwards ; and, on the 27ch, fhe failed for Braftl, under rhe command ofCaptain Mitchell, As foon as flie was gone, the .Captain determined Co pare with his other prizes, both of which he prefented to the Spaniards, after taking out of them what he thought valuable, and detaining only the Capcain of one of chem for his pilot, and all the negroes ; after which he failed from that ifland, in or der to cruize in his former ftation. On December 12, they faw a fail about five in che e- vening, and, aC feven, cook her. She was cafled ehe Rofary, boui\d from Cherippe to Panama, laden with provifions. Their launch and pinnace were all day employed in bringing on board the flour, and other provifions, in order to difcharge her. Having got as much flour out of her as they could well ftow away, they cut her main-maft by ehe board, left foe foould o- verlet, and fo let her go. The prifoners informed them that their men, who were lately taken by che Spaniards, were fenc co Lima by land. Here ehey continued eo cruize,, ftanding off all day, and towards the ffiore at night ; but nothing happened till the 27th, that they anchored in Guanchaco Bays in nine fathom, clay ground, and found two foips- at anchor. They fired a fhot at each ; but they made no return. Sending then their boats aboard, they foUnd them abandoned, and could dilcover nothing left, except fome bread, and a fewjars of water. They hung out a flag of Truce, and fired two ' guns ac half an hour's interval; hoping ehey v.'ouid have come aboard eo ranfom cheir foips. Tiiey anfwered fromtfoore; but no boat coming, they fired again, and remained there cill ehe neXC day, when, feeing ic was in vain, eo waic any longer, 'and chac chey would neieher ranfom nor begcheir foips, chey pulled down ehe flag, and fee the fliips on .fire. .After che caking of chefe foips, ic was refolved co bear away for refrefomene eo t\\e .Gallapagos iflands, there being a greater probabi- 3 N 3 lity iy4 JOHN ^LIPPfeRTON 1720- lity -of their doing it there uoinoleftied, than iri any o- *'''*^ ther pare Of che South Seas ; and accordingly, tawacd^ the latter end of the year,''Chey puc chis defign in exe cution; Ori January 9, 1720, they anchored in Tari ¦road, pn che nbrth fide of the Duke ofTork's ifland, im mediately under the equinodlial; where they found good Water, fcrubbed arid cleaned their foip, and after ten days quitted thofe iflandS; arid faikd to the northward. I cannoe help remarking upotf this occafion, thac chis intirely juftiftes Capcairi Cowliy from che afperfions thrown Upon him by laecr wrieers, as if he had given a fanciful accounc of chofe iflands; and I muft incteac my leaders to obferve, chac, among oeher advancages refulc- ing in this hiftory of circilm-naVigatdrs, ie is no fmall one, that, by comparing cheir accouruls; we corredt abundance pf their miftakes, coriiriiieted chiefly fromi ihdr prejudices againft each other, and frqm the paf fion that aimoft every one of them entertained; of •paffing fcMT an abfer feaman than the reft. -mtsi^ Ori the 2 1 ft; they made afail, and continued thafihg till eleveri at night, when they came up with her; and, on her firing of their firft gun, foe ftruek.^ This foip proved to be the Prina Eugehe, bound from ~ Panama, and havirig on board the Marquis de Villa Roche, who had been pr.efident there, andalKhis family, who were going to Lima. This was the very ?foip, in which Cap tain C/z/i/ffir/cw was circumvented, and taken in his laft voyage in thefe feas, when lie was very, indifferently uf ed by this Marquis, who npw lay at his mercy, and whom he ufed, notwithftanding, with all the civility poffible. On February 2q, a SpaKte^d dying ofa wound he had received at the taking chis foip, the Marquis defired he might be buried -ac cording ccf eheir ceremo nies ; .which was granted. Wlien che office^for the dead had been performed, and che corpfe, which lay ready ori. a gracing, was chrown over-board, with a large bag of ballaft, tied at his feec, che Spaniards cry ing thrice; as eheir cuftom is on fuch oceafion, Ben TO MAGELLANICA, Sec. 4-71 ^oiagt, i. c. a good voyage, tht body, to the admirj^r 1725. .jtion'^ of every one, prcfcntiy floated, and toncinued ^^"''"^ gqatihg as far as they could fee it ; which the Marquis di Villa Ebche concluded Co be a very ill omen, and de clared, chat he expedled fbme furprifing accident to be the confequence. On Mkrch 8, -a prieft^ who was on board che Prince Ettgene, and the boatfWain of that foip, defired feave to go on fljorfe ori che ifland of Velas ; which was granted chem, on condition ehey would per fuade the in-habita'rits to drive fome black-cattle to the foore, in order to exchange them for what goods they liked beft ; Which they faithfully promifed. On the J 6th, they returned with four head of black-cattle, fome fowls and fruit, as a prefent to the Marquis •; but at chc fame time declared, chat eheir alcade or gover nor would not fuffer them eo trade. They likewife faid, that Captain Mitchell had been afoore there, arid had foot fome of their catde ; but that 200 ipen ap pearing under arms, they had been forced to retire : Which account of theirs appeared ^the more probable, from their having linen and cloaths belonging to Cap tain .Mitchell's men iri their cuftody. The next day, . fome letters from the Marquis de Villa Roche were iri- .fcrcepced;; veryJiccle foicable Co chac honour, to which the Spanifh noh'dity ufually preccrid, fince heendeavou- red CO ftir up che people to furprife their men, and fe cure the boait, when they came afoore Co water. Upbn this, Capcain Clipperton cpnfined him fpr fpme .days ; , yec, oh che 20th, he allpwed che Marquis and his lady IP go afoore, leaving cheir only child as an hoftage. On April 14. the Marquis, his lady, and che Gover- •nbr, came aboard, and, an agreement being made for their ranfom, the lady and child were fenc on foore, and che Marquis only remained as an hoftage. The prize Was foon after delivered up co the Captain. In this whole tranfadlion. Captain Clipperton appears to have been deoeived and outwitted -by this nobleman, ,iyho bafely broke his word, and thereby proVoked che crew CP murmur a^auift the Captain for trufting him. On 47a. JOHN CLIPPERTON . j7ao. Ori April 20; chey anchored in che Gulph of Amapala ; i"'T^,and, not being able co waeer chere, repaired Co che ir. fland of Tigers, where Chey did ic wieh greac cafe. On June 4, chey failed to Gorgona on. the fame errand, and were well fupplied,. On the24Ch, ehey made an-- oeher prize, which proved tW St. Vincent, which chey had caken once before. She. was now commanded by "Pon Clement deAndrado, laden wich rimber and coeqa^^i nuCs, On Auguft i rv chey anchored, wich eheir pri^je, ac ehe ifland of Lobos Je la Mar, \yhere ehey fee up cencs qn che foore, fcrubbed and cleanfed cheir fhip, and took whatever ehey ehpiighe valuable ouc of eheir prize, . ' The foip?s cornpany, while chey lay here, calked p- ver cheir affairs, cill they, began to think them dcfpe- race. Spmecimes ehey refle'dled on ehe Capcain, for precending eo remain in chefe feas wichopt cheir con- fore ; ac oeher times, ehey blamed him for giving in to the Spanifh Marquis's projedl for rainfpriiing his foip, which, fhey believed, would never be performed ; and now-and-then the foip's corporal, one James Roch, a .bold, bufy, ineriguing fellow, ehrew in fome flyinfi- nuacibns, chac, if ehey muft go chrough fuch hard'ftiips, it was betcer ehey foould do ie for eheir own fakes, chan for other peoples. And one Jofeph Maynard, the boefwain's mate, pufoing things ftill further, a ploi: was at laft formed for feizing the Captain, the reft of , che officers, and running away with the foip. ' They likewife agreed, that, when their defign was brought to bear, the officers fhould be fet on fooje on the ifland of Lobos, and all, who afterwards oppofed them, foot wichodc mercy. This wicked contrivance, howevei>, was happily difcovered on September 6, the two ring leaders feverely punifoed, and the reft pardoeed; by which wife eondudt the confpiracy was fuppreffed. On . the 17th, they took a fifoing-bOat, with a good quan tity of falt-fifo, well cured ; but.found the St. Vincent, which they had left at an anchor under che ifland of Lobos, driven afopre, and funk ; and, uppn. chis, chey put TO MAGELLANICA, fc?^. 473 |Wt ehirty-eighc Spanifl) prifoners Pn board a fifliing- 172a.' boac, and fenc chem away. On November 1, they en- ''^'^ tered the bay of Conception, where milling a prize that- oiitfailed them, they bore away for Coquimbo, where chey cppk a foip laden with tobacco, fugar, and cloth, in their paflage. On the fixth in the afternoon, they opened that harbour, where they faw three men of war lying, wieh their top- fails loofe, and thefe rio fooner fpied them, than they'cut their cables, and ftood after them. The Succefs hailed clofe on a wind, and their prize did the fame ; upon which the Spanijh man of war, that failed beft, gave chace to the latter, and, at three in the afternoon, came up with, and took- her. The other two foips erouded all the fail they could, till about four in the afternoon, when the biggeft, having her mizen-cop-maft carried away, fired a gun, eacked, and ftood in for the foore; which favourable opporcu- nicy che Succefs embraced co make her efcape. In ehe Spanift) prize, they loft their third lieutenant, Mr. James Milne, and twelve of their men. The Captain of the- Spanifh man of war, who took him, was the famous Don Bias de Leffo, who was governor of Carthagena, when att£tcked by Admiral Vernon. Don Bias treated his prifoner a littfe roughly at firft, beinganraged to find he had miffed the Englijh privateer, and only retaken a- Spanijh prize, and, in the firft tranfport of his paffion ftruek Mr. Milne over the head with the flat of his fword ; but, when he came to himfelf, hefent for him up; and, finding him ftripped by his foldiers, he ge- generoufly aflced his parcHon, ordered him a new fuit of cloaths, and kept him for fome time on board liis foip. He afterwards procured his liberty at Lima, . paid^for his paffage to Panama, where he gave him a jar of brandy, and another of wine, for his fea-ftores, put'200 pieces of eight in his'pockee, and fent him to England. This unlucky accident of lofing their prize revived the ill humours among Clipperton's men, v.-ho ,did indeed plot again, but became exceedingly dejec ted. On the 1 6th, chey faw another fail, aiid gave • Vol, ni. 3 O chace. '41^ JOHN GLIP:pERTON, 1720. chace, which, aftpr a few gqns fired, qn bqthfii^e-fi, boiiet '"^^ away, being a clean* fliip, and fefr them;, which wa^s- anocher lucky efcapes For foe w^s likew-ife a fliip of- fprce, ficced puC Co cake Capcain 5i&«!/?;«^c^,720» rion. In their paffage to thefe iflands, they began to ^""^ fufped fome errour in their log-Hne; and, upon mea furing, found it three fathoms too foort, which pcca- fioned an errour in this run of fifty-two miles, or there abouts. On the 4th of December, they loft Mr. Tho mas Fairman their purler ; and the fame day found them felves very neax theGallapagos\f[ands, and in 36 minutes riorth latitude, with a very ftrong currenc eo chc foueh- Weft; againft which ehey were obliged eo ply. On che '6th, chey fenC the pinnace to difcover an anchoring- place at one of the iflands, which returned without finding any, but faw abundance of tortoifes on foore. Upon this, they fent the pinnace atid yawl to get fome ; and they returned with fifo enough co ferve chc company a day ; but, chere running a prodigious furf, they could not land or look for turtle. They kept ply irig off and on, and fpundedin foul ground from eigh ty to fifty fathoms. The latitude of the ifland 9 mi nutes north. It was a mere rock ; fo they left it, and •fteered away for anpther fouth-weft, being the fame which the Spaniards make to lie under the equatpr; they run along foore, but could find no anchoring ; fo that, being unwiHing to lofe more time, they made the beft way they could to the Ifle of Cocoas, where they hoped certainly to get fome fi(h, fowl, and cocoa-nuts, moft of their people being very fick and weak. On the 7th and 8th, they faw feveral iflands to the north-eaft, but pafled through them very happily, and got quite clear of them by the 9th ; but, as their people daily fell fick, they grew very apprehenfive of the dangers that muft enfuc in cafe of their miffing the ifland. On the 17th in the morning, they had the fatisfadtion of beholding the long- looked ifland of Cocoas, at thediftance of about nine leagues to the north-weft, which filled them with inexpreflible joy. On the 18th, they wenc all afoore, that could be fpared frpm on' board the vef-^ fel with fafety, in order to build a kind of booth for the reception of their fick ; which, as^.foon as it was finifo- ,302 ed. 47^ ..VJOHN CLIPFERTON,-, ¦ l.-7^i.cd, were carried afoore, and conveniencly Ipdged, Tfitf "'"^ M.axc\u\s de. Villa Roche went alio afoore,' where they g^iit great plepty pf fifli j fowl, and eggs, together with cocoa-nuts, and other refrefoments. The Captain- opened here the laft hogfliead of brandy for the' ufe of the foip's cpmpany, and gave every man a dfam a day; and, on New Year's-day; he allowed a gallon of ftrong beer to every mefs ; and, by having this plenty of nou- , rjfliing food, and much eal*-, ' the crew begaft cp reco ver, and were able Co wood and water, though with much dilliculty ; for. Uiere was a great fwell coming \xi from the norchward conftantly acfuM-moon and change; chereforc ehey were forced to waic till the fpring-eides were abated, before they could get any thing, off. On the 17th of January 1721, the Captain made; the ne ceffary difpofitions for failing; but it was three days before he could get his- people on board, and then, there were no lefs than eleven of them miffing, viz. three Englift}men, and eight Negroes. It is not eafy to con ceive, what could induce the former to ha-2rard them felves in .fuch a place as this, at fo greac a diftance- from chc continent,, fo little frequented by foips, and where they had but a fmall, indeed fcarce any, chance ' ing referved for fuch as were taken prifoners, the re- ^^^^ prefeneatives of chofe who were dead, or ehe cwo gen tlemen, who 'had ferved on board the Speedwell, the pnze-moncy ftood thus : Dollars. The foare of money and plate, - - 280 The foare of gold, - - - 100 The foareof jewe^, - - ¦ - 39 The total of a fore-maft-man's dividend, - 419 Which, at 4 s, 8 d. a dollar, malaes Engliftj mo ney ^7 I. lys, 4 d. According to this diftribution, jC. s. d. . The Captain's foare was ¦ - 1466 10 o The fecon4 Captain, - - - y^^ 05 o The Captain of marines. Lieutenants of the foip, and Surgeon, - - - 488 16 8 Buc though Capcain GWi, -and his affociaees, had che good luck CO carry ch&irpoint in chis manner, yeC Cape. Clipperton's defprice had fo much weight wieh the chief mandarin, thac, before he obliged him Co proceed co this diftribution of foares, he prdered pne half pPthe cargo to be fecured for the benefit of the owners ; which., in ready money, wrought filver, gold, and jewels^ amounted to between 6 and ^000 1, Sterling, which he caufed to be immediately put on board a Portuguefe Eafl-Indiaman, called the §ueen of Angels, Don Fran- cifco la ^^rtf Commander: which foip was unfortunately burne ae Rio Janeiro on the coait of Brafil, June 6, 1722. So chac of chefe effedls ehe owners received no more, ehe charges of falvage deducted, chan 1800 1. I have drawn all chefe fadls cogecher, chough ehe laft of them did noe happen cill eheir arrival aC Macao, ehac ehe reader mighc, in orie view, fee the confequences of this tnutiny, and the means, by which the proprietors, of ihis expedition were defeaeed of ics profies, nocwith- Yofc, III. " ' 3 Q. ftanding J^go JOHN CLIPPERTON ¦'0 «72i. ftanding all the care that Capcain Clipperton could take ' " " to fecure their pro^percy. The reader will eafily per ceive, chac chere was ,a ftrange mixeure of righc and wrong, of juftice and of violence, in che condudt of the Chinefe Mandarin cowards Cape. Clippertm and his people. 1 have endeavoured already co chrow fome light upon the fubjedt, by giving the reader a general %t- count of the difpofition and condudt qf thefe people ; buc, as I have fome very particular memoirs, not only of chis cranfadtion, buc of ehe ftace of things in general in chis port at thac time, 1 prefume I foall do him a pleafure, if I dwell fomewhat longer upqn chis fubjtdt. The, people, and even ehe mandarins, at Arnoy, have fo managed maccers for a long fpace of eiriie, that, amongft their councrymeft, who foould know cheni, beft, they have acquired co cheir pore the epiehec of Miamuin Booz, i.e. .(^w^ che wicked, qr ftiU more li terally cranflated,. ..i^iwcjt ehe roguifo. Th? fifoermen Tipon the coaft foake their heads, and pronounce chefe. words wich a very fignificanc air, whenever they meet with any European foip inclined tq put int:o chac pore ; but, for wantof underftanding ehe language, or, per haps, from a cqnifidence in their own prudence, they very rarely rnakea right ufe of thefe warnings ; which; in a foort time, however, they are fure to reperte : for ic is a cercain rule, thac particular provinces never ac quire Iqch marks or charadlers of difhonefty, without 'deferving them. The cuftpm qf this pprt is, tp difaim every foip that cpmesintp it, and then to fend two fri gates, or, as they are called in the Chinefe tongue, chan- pans, full of men, to ride near, the velfel, in order to obferve her, and execute the diredtions, which the, mandarins may fend them, Befides the monftrous im- pofition, under the ijamc of port-charges, which has been already mentioned, they have fomc other ftrange methods of coming at money here ; for chough eiie fmall craft of ehe councry feern to have free liberty of carrying on board aU forts of provifions, which, being in great plenty chere, oughe to be afforded at a mode- TO MAGELLANICA, &g, 491 ht<^ price, yeCi in reality, every one of chefe veffels 1721^ goes on board che chanpan firft, and chere pays a con fideration for leave to go ori board the ftrange veffel ; and, by this means, ehe price of all manner of provi fion is raifed abode a chird, Anocher mean artifice, pradtifed by the mandarins, is fending prefenCs of wine, provifions, and coftly curiofities, Co the capeains, and other officers; of which, when chc foip is ready eo fail, chey fend a very exadt memorial, wieh chc prices Cacked CO it ; and the laft article is fo much for the' clerk's Writing che bill: which muft be difcharged in money Or commodities, before eheir arms or ammunitipn are returned, Ic would' require a focct or two eo lay open all che reft of their pradtices ; and therefore I foall con- cene myfelf wich giving ehe reader an accounc of what happeried Co a Britift) foip iri chis port in ehe year 1715, which^ very probably; was of fervice co Capcain Clipperton, and hindered hirti from being Wprfe creae'ed chan he waS, This foip anchored in the port of Amc^ ; and, having run chrough chc whole circle of cheir frauds, fold che beft pare Of cheir cargo, ae laft, co merchants recommended by chc chief mandarin, who very- fairly became bankrupcs in Cwen- cy-four hours after ehey had- che goods in their hands. The Capcain bore chis wieh ehe grcaceft patience ; he did HOC fo much as fuffer any harfli cxpreflion cq efcape- him ; he- cook all things in good pare, and even duped' the Chinefe by l\\s ftudiedd-illimulation ; but, as foon as he had licence to dj^part, he made a cfear foip, loaded all his guns, ordered his men to their refpedtive pofts, and tlien cut away a Japanefe junk of twice ehe value of his cargo, and' carried her inco che bay diredtly. This furprifed the-Qhmefe exceflively ; buc chey immediately fitted out twenty of- thirty chanpans, erouded full of men; who had the courage to venture very near the Witift^ foip, till che Capcain difcharged a''ftern'-gun ; and then- chey fled precipicately inco port. This affair being-brought before the Emperour, he ordered all the ttsfndarins avAifu^ co.bc cafoiered, and"- fatisfadtion co- • 3 0^2 b^ 492 JO PIN CLIPPERTONj 1721. be made for the Japanefe junk out of their effedls: 011- ^¦'^'^ ly the chief maftidarin had a milder fencence than the reft, being muldted a year's pro'fits of his employment. This gave chem a greac dread co the Englifo, foips ;- and perhaps one 'reafon that induced them. to fide With the feamen againft- Captain Clipperton was, thac chey mighc have power on eheir fide, . In foOrc, during tke ftay ehey made of cen weeks, ehey fufficientiy expe- , rienced all the artifices of this fraudulent and cove tous people, from whom the Captain had now no way' to defend himfeff, but was obliged to fubmit to what ever they demanded. By December 25, the feafon- and cheir inclinations concurred to deliver therii from- fo uneafy a fituation ; for, by this time, even the com- ' mon men began to be weary of the place, or rather of the people,, who- carried their fcheme of politics quice , through, and, in fmaU as well as great matters, foev^^-: ed themfelves as finifoed cheats, a-s the world could- poffibly produce, of which almpft every man, who^ dealt with therii, was a campetent witnefs-. On Sep tember 25, their arms and ammunition were again puc on board ehe Succefs, and the very fame day the'y weigh ed out of the harbour, and got into the road pr gulf, from whence they propofed going to Macaoi in order Co have the fliip furveyed, the crew infifting,. chat foe was not in a condition to put eo -fea, in order to recurn home ; and Captain Clipperton affirming the contrary,;.) ^s well knowing, that they infifted on this point pure ly to juftify their own condud"t, and prevent cheir being, puniflied in England for their behaviour in China. On September 30, they weighed anchor from the Bay of Amoy, which lies in the province of Tonkin, irti order to proceed to Macao, in the road of which the^; iinchored (.>dlober 4. This was formerly one of the- moft -confiderable places in China, though it is now much fallen to decay. This place has been now above 150 yqars in the hands of the Portuguefe: And the man-: ner by which they became poffeffed of, it, is an excel lent Ipecimen of Chinefe generc-fity ; for they, coming. from Tq MAGELLANICA, &c. 49S iroth Malacca and India to crade wich che Chinefe, and 1721. ;being overcaken with the bad weather, fome fhips mi- ^^"^ ferably perifoed, fbr want of fecure harbours, jn the iflands about Macao ; which made them afk fome place of fafety. to winter in, till the feafon would allow them to return home ; and the Chinefe, for their own advan tage, gave chem a fpot of rocky land, then inhabited by robbers, that they might expel them, as they did. At firft, they were permieted to build thacched houfes ; but afterwards, having bribed the mandarins, they not only eredled fubftantial ftrudtures, but forts. One of thefe is at the mouth of the harbour, called the Fort of the Bar, the waU of which terminates at a rock, which is an hermitage of the fathers of the order of St. Auguftine on the Hill. The other, being the biggeft, is called the Fort of the Mountain, becaufe fituated on the Very top of an hill. There is alfo another high fort, called Nucftra Senhora de Guia, or, Our Lady of Guid ance. ¦ The city of Macao ffands on apeninfula; and there is a very ftrong wall built acrofs the ifthmus, with » gate in the middle of it, through which the Chinefe go in and out at pleafure ; buc it is death for any Por tuguefe to pafs tliat way. Some travellers have report ed, chac ehe Portuguffe were fovereigns here, as iff oeher places in the Eaft-Indies : bue ehey never were ; for che Chinefe are much coO wife a people eo fuffer any ching of thac kind. Ic is indeed true, that, taking all things together, the city of Macao is as firie, or perhaps a finer city, thari could be expedled, confidering its untoward fituation. It is likewife true, that it is very regulariy and very ftrongly fortified; and. thac chere are upwards>of 200 pieces of brafs-caiinon upon its walls; bue, wich- all chis, ic can only defend itfelf againft-ftrangers. The Chinefe ever were, and eve'r will be, matters of it, without firing a cannon, or ftriking a blow. They have nothing to do, but to fhut that" gate, which they have often dorie, and place a guard there; for Macao is chen undone. The inhabicants cannot fubfift fo much as for a day,' without receiving x provifion\ 4.64 jOllN CLIPPERTON 1721. provifions from the adja.cene country; and, befides| '^'^''^che place is fo fouc in by well-peopled iflands, and the Chinefe are fo much mafters ac fea, chac, on ehe ffight- cft difference, the Portuguefe at Macao mighc be ftarv- ed. But CO proceed from' reafonit^. to fadts : ThcPor- tugiiefe have, indeed ehe governriieric within the city- walls over their own peopfe; and yet Macao is, ftridtly and properly, a Cliinej'e city ; for there is a governour refident Upon the fpot, and an Hoppo, or Commilloner' of che cuftoms ; -and chefe Chinefe mandarins, wieh all cheir ofHcefs and fervanes, are maineained ac the ex- pence of the ciey, who are ae the charge of che Poftu- guefe gov er.nxt\ent alfo. In fpite of all this, ehe inha bitanes were formerly exceffively fich, which was owing to the great crade chey carried ori CO jfipan^; which is now, ' in- a manner, loft : Bue, as chey are feaced, hear Canton, arid are allowed eo go- eo che fWrt anriual fairs ac chac ciey, arid to make crading voyages when chey are over; chey ftill find a way co- fubfift,^ and ehac is all ; for the prodigious prefents they were fprced to make Cp che Chinefe mandarins uppn all occafions, eac up, in a great meafore< their profit, A veffel, that goes to Canton, pays, inthe firft- place^- 100/, fterling fpr leave to trade ; they are nexe forced to make a confiderable prefent fbr permiffion co, have? , their goods brought on board by the Chinefe, to whom they not only pay ready moriey for what they bUy, fc^ut advance ic likewife foriietimes a year beforehand. Af ter all this, there, is a prefent hecefiary for leave to ^- part, which is at It-all double to -what was given for leave to trade ;, and they pay^ duties to the emperoivr for all they buy, over and above thefe prefents to his minifters. As foon as Captain Clipperton in the Succefs . entered this port, he lalutedithc-fortrefs ; which corn; plimenc being returned, he went on foore, and found in ehe place, che Capcain of a Portuguefe man pf war, whofe name we have mentioned- before-, and'whoun- dertook to carry what belonged to the owners to- 5'-^- fil. The, crcw- found tliemkivesa litde at- a-lofs-^herc; the TO MAGELLANICA, &o. ^95 the Portuguefe Captain declaring abfolutely in favour 172'' of their commander ; and therefore Mr. Cook, and an- *"^^ other gentieman, prOpofed going to Canton, to confult ^Jr, Winder, fupercargo to an Eaft Indiaman, and fon to t>ne of the principal proprietors, as to the meafures which foould be taken about carrying the Succefs home •, and; upon their return, the foip was furveyed, con demned, and fold for 4000 dollars ; which was much lefs than foe was worth ; but that was none of Captain Clipperton's fault, who, to fhew that he ftHl adhered to his former opinion, agreed with the perfuns who had bought her for his paflage in her to Batavia; a plain indication; that there was no danger of her foundering at fea. The foip fold, the crew immediately conceived that every man was at liberty to foift for himfelf, and to ufe his beft endeavour to fave what lictle was left him, after lb unlucky an expedition. They h -ad reafon indeed CO think it unluky, fince they were, by this time, facisfied, ehac Capcain Mitchell, his crew, and cargo were all gone to che boecom, or elfe fallen inco ehe hands of the Spaniards ; which was to them pretty much che fame ching. It was, however, foriic confo- latian CO ehem, ehac they were in the neighbourhood of eh* EngUJh factory at Canton ; and chereforc, fix do- lars apiece being required for a paffage in one of the Chinefe boats thither, twenty of them agreed to it im mediately, in hopes of getting a paffage from thence home to Et^land ; and of this number Mr. Taylor the mate Was one : Buc, before chey came Co fail, he had a forcfighe of ehe danger; and chereforc chofe Co lofe his moriey, and waic for another conveniency ; and he had feafon eo look upon chis lofs as a piece of frugality, fince che nexe news ehey heard was, chac the boat had been taken by a pirate, and ehac moft of the people had . loft their chings. After a fliort ftay at Macao, an op portunity offered for Mr. Taylor's getting fpeedily and fafely to Canton^ a mandariii' going- thithef in an armed boat, for which he^ and the reft pf the Englijh, feamen that 4^& JOHN CLIPPERTON i72i.ehaekene with him, paid twenty dpilars an head: And ^"^ their paffage taught them, that, in fome cafes, there may be a frugality iri expence ; fpr, in their paffage, they faw a pirace cake a bpac in fighc pf che manda rin's ; which plainly foewed, ehac the governmerit winked ac chofe chings, and perhaps choughe ie good policy CO raife a confiderable revenue, parely by pre^ fe nes from che piraees, and partiy by fums paid by mer chancs and paffengers for vCheir proeedlion; which is one among a number of fadls ehac might be brought to prove, chac che boafted wifdom, of the Cbinefe is noching more, Chan ehe fcience of dexCrpufly hiding - their robberies frorn cheinfpcdlion of che law; a fore of pradtice, in which, perhaps, ehey are as niuch ex ceeded by fome norchern nations, as in the ufe of the .compafs, of v/hich, notwiehftanding che Chinefe boaft thac chey were ehe firft invencors^ and, perhaps, a beeter title might be made to that invention by chem, chan by any body elfe ; buc, wich refpedl Co ehe im-^ provemene, eheir cotiipafs, and eheir manner of ma naging this political tradie of pirating, are equally clumfy. ¦ - , ; On November 4, chey arrived ae the Englifh fadtory at Canton, where they were well received, and promi fed all imaginable affiftance towards their geeeing home, - which was whac ehey now chiefly aimed aC» Therq were, at this time, ieveral foips there ready'tq fail,- firft for feveral pons in India, and then for Europe. The Captains of thefe veffels being folicited by the fadtpry to take Captain Clipperton's. men on board, they met, and agreed to carry them Co Gnat Br'itain^ for five. pounds a man, being a very great favour ; and ac cordingly chey all j>aid cheir mpney. Mr, Taylor, and cwo or three more, went aboard the. A^«n'ff, CapCain Peacock, at PVanapo, being the place where the Eu ropean fhips lay, aboue chree leagues down Canton river. The reft of their company divided in feveral foips. On chc 9eh, they failed, in compaify pf the Macclef- field, an Engliftj Eaft-Indiapian, and an Oftender, called - , the T.0 MAGELL'ANICA, dff, 497-. %t:Houftef^ufiria. -Mr. Taylor arrived fafely at 53-,i7?i. iavia in the month of Decwnber, failed from tlience '"'^^ to the Cape of Good Hope in February, came to St. He lena in Mairch, and, in May 172,2, arrived in London.. The reft, of the foip's company recurned, fome fooner, feme later,! as opportunities offered ; but, as for Cap tain Mitchell, who was fent to Braftl with a fmall prew, he was never heard of, and, moft probably wasdeftroy- ?d on the ifland of Velas, where h,e went afoore for jhe fake of getting frefo provifioris. This has been ge- riierally confidered as the. gr.eateft blemifo of Captain Clipperton's adminiftration, 1 muft cqrifefs, I think, without any juft reafon. -In the firft place, 1 conceive the .great ftrefs Capcain Rogers lay-s u.pon,that expedi^ cnt might very well engage Captain Clipperton \o try what might be dope in this way, efpecially fince the owners had fp ff r-ongly recom.mended Captain Rogers's accpunt of his vpyage, as the rule and guide of that which was to be made at- their expence., In the ne^c place,' I muft ov/n,. I think the projedl in itfelf is Iq y^- ry reafonable, that . 1 do not- wonder an ofBcer, who had the. goqd of the voyage a,t heart, was defirous ^pf ' tryifigthe expefiirent. 1 hey very well knew, fliac the prizes they had taken wpuld produce lictle or- no thing in the SouthSeas, becaufe the fums demanded by; the governors /or licences; to trade, were' -fo-excra,- yagant, that no profit could rcfulc from fuch ac.otn.7 merce, eicher co- buyers or fellers. 'They knew too, thatcarrying thofe goods back, again to £aro/'./?, was,- do ing, lictle or nothiniz; ; and therefore, if there .:was 4 prabability of lending th?m to, a place, where, they might be fold to great. advantage, and the prqduce in- veltcd fo, . as to procure confiderable profit on the voy age from Brajil to London, it appears to me in the light pf-a very good defign. As to the; veffel. in vvhich Captain M/^-ci'^//, embarked, it was very fit for his pur pofe, and every way weli pioyicled ; and' his crew, bf thirteen E^^-/?//!) and ten . negroes, fufficient for th^; navigation,. ¦Captain44/,fir/'fi/ himfelf was a very good'' Vol. II. 3 R officer, 498* JOHN CLIPPERTON, 1722. officer, and, for any thing thac appears, v#is very wbI^ '¦'^^ facisfied wieh chc command to which he was appoint^ ed : Neieher is chere ehe leaft intimation, that this feheme of Capcain Clipperton's was cenfurcd, even by his own mutinous crew, till the event fhewed, chat it was urifuccefsful : Sq chac, on che whole, 1 chink ehe Capcain was racher co be commended than condetrm-* ed for chis adtion, by which he could propofe no ad vaneage eo himfelf, bue in common \?ith the o-wners, from the fucc'efs of the voyage. But it is time eo quit thefe refledlions, in order co come to the laft fcenc of Captain Clipperton's life. ' '^ He failed in ehe Succefs, after foe was fold, as a paf- fcnger,^from Macao to Batavia:, from whence he pro- cured a paffage home in a Dutch Eaft-India fhip, and arrived, in che beginning of Ji^e if 22, ac Galway in Ireland,- where he left' his family jn a very bad ftace of hcaleh, occafioned partiy by his greac fatigUes, bue chiefly through ehe concern he was under for the lofs, the own^ crs had fuftained by this urifortunate voyage. Ic may. indeed be objedted, chac, On his arrival in Hollaiid, he ought CO have returned ehence co London,' and given the propriecors ehe beft accounc in his power of ehe undereaicing, and of his management, Buc when we refledt, firft, on his fending hqrne eheir moieey of che profies in che Portuguefe foip, which, by ehe way, ve ry nearly rcimburfed the expence they had teien at in fitting out the Succefs, the purchafe- rrioney of the' foip being taken in, and if we ne^t advert to che weak condicion he was in, whcri he wene to Galw^iyy where' he did not live a week, we may very well excufe him. He might very probablyhave hoped, thatthe comtbrt of feeing his wife and children might contribute to re ftore his health,, and eriable him to make a yoyageto ¦London, when in a condition, to fettle his accounts ; or,j if he found himfelf fo very low, as abfolutely to defpair pf recpvering at all, it Was very natural fpr him tP defire the latisfamon of feeing his family in bis laft ipoments. BuCj< above all, we ought to .reraernber;- ' ' - ' • 'v'%ac to M AGELLA JNIC A, iYi n. \J ij jlj J-, jn !¦<, 1 V- ri. 5^5 «ster-advaneagepus ; yec, as ic failed raeher chrpugh 1719' the faulcs of our own people, chan from any miftakes ^""^ i-n the Frenchman's information, vshich, on the whole, had anfwered tolerably well, the crew^ were ftill incli- - ned to credit him ; a thirig natural enough in a ftrange part of the world, where we knew not well what courfe to fteer, and where he, who had never fo licti'; more knowledge chan the rell, was fure to be efteem ed much wifer than he really was. But the fecret, by which this man captivated our company to luch a de gree, was this : He flattered them with the hopes of making their fortunes fo a very foort time, and at a very fmall hazard. He premifed, that he had, been there before, and therefore knew what he faid: and next laid it down as a fadl abfolutely certain, and not ac all Co be controverted or called in queftiori, that there were always five or fix fail of foips in ehe road of Conception, and oehers daily coming in and going oue : ehac cfiey had very Often, both ways, confiderable fums of money and plate, and other valuable things, on board ; chac, chough- chey were large foips, ehey had lieele or no force ; and ehac chere was no fpreificacipn to protedl them ; fo that, if there wer^ ewency fail,' we could noc meet any oppofition in the caking ehem all ; that their cargo confifted chiefly of corn, wine, bran dy, flour, bread, jerked beef j that the foips bound to Conception always bring money with them to pur chafe their cargoes, befides tiie booty that might be got from rich trading paffengers, who carry on a con fiderable commerce between this port and Buenos ¦Ayres over land ; and that we could .not fail of having the foips ranfpmed, that foould fall intp our hands, at very great, rates; infomuch that, if wc could but get into Conception before they had any knowledge of us, it was paft all doubt, thac we fhould make oUr fortunes. He therefore advifed chem' Co endeavour Co prevail up on me CO make the beft of my way thither : For, though it was cercain che governor of Chiloe would fend our defereer eo Conception with all imaginable dif- ' Vol- 111. 3 S patch J Bo6 GEORGEl'SHELVOCKE, 1719' patch-, aridthaft, fince it would be tw;p or chree mqnchs ^'^^ journey by land, he would infallibly convey him by fea in fomfe fmall veffel ; and ehac, if chey arrived -at Conception before us, chc reft of rhe cbaft would, in a -very fmall time, be uniyerfally alarmed; by "which mearis we foould not have an opportunicy left of meet ing with any thing, till they had imagined that we had abandoned their feas -, as every body, in thofe cafes; are fond of delivering their fentiments, and as it is imr poffible to keep a foip's company in fo much awe, in fo' remote a part, as in foort vpyages near home, every one of my foip's company, who could fay any thing at this jundture, did not fail to fpeak their niinds fome what i-nfolently. One fVilliam Morphew, who was one of thofe I had out of the i?a^;f, . ana had been in thefe feas feveral years, took upon hirii to tell me, thatit could riot figriify much, if we arrive two or three days fooner or later at Juan Fernandez ; chac I was a ftranger here ; buc ehaC che Frenehman and himfelf were fo well acquainted, chac every body hoped I would be .advifed; arid go to Conception :. And begged 1 would qot puc a mere puridlili'o of orders in chc balarice againft fuch a profpei5l, nay, cercainty of fuccefe, if we were" fo happy as to arrive there in time. In foort, chey all - together affured me, that they had the proprietors in tereft in view, as much as their own ; and, that they would perifo, before they would irij'ure them in ariy refpedl : But at the fame told me, that, if I had not fuccefs in my proceedings, no body could be blamed but myfelf; inereating me riot to Iqfe this opportunity, wherein they were*refolved to ftand by me, and the gentlemen iri England, with all fidelity. , In our way to Conception, we made the iflands of Mocha and St. Mary on December 23. arid, the fame evening, ar rived in the bay of Conception ; but could not be cer tain that we faw any foip in the road : And therefore ¦I iriimediately gave orders to rrian and artn our boats, to go up in the night to furprife whatever veflels might be there ; with, ftridt Orders, if they found any thing too TO IMAGELLANICA, ^c. 3°? loo ftrong for chem, eo make ic cheir bufinefs Co pre* 1719. ¦vent the Ibips fendiig any thing afoore, till the wind *-^^ permitted me to work up to them ; wh;ch I endeavour ed all nighc long, but to verly little purpofe: For, ac day- fight, 1 could difcern nothing above us. Captain Hatley returned about noon in the pinnace, and in formed me, chat he IlkI taken a foip called Salidad d'Atrday, which was the only one there, that was about 150 tons burden; and being laeely come from Baldi via, had noching on board, excepc a few cedar-planks ; thac (Chere was nobody on board of her, excepc che boacwain, an old negro, and cwo Indian boys ; and that he had iefc Mr. £roo/ifj-, che firft lieuCcnanc, in poffeffion of her, wieh orders co bring her down che firil opportunity. In his return to my foip, he took a fmall veffel of about iweney-five cons, near che ifland Quiriquice, .(which lies in che harbour) where foe had been to take in pears,- cherries; and other fruits, for the Conception market. This veffel belonged to a prieft, who had been gathering fruics, and was now made a prifoner in her; for, having che curioficy ca advance coo near my people, in order cq difcover what they were, he and his cargo unluckily fell into their *hands, together with four or ^ve Indians. Immedia- ately after tftcy had taken this, there was another fmall boat, which came in between the ifland of Quiriquine and Talgaguanoi I perceived by my glafs, that foe paffed wichin lefs thari piftol-foot of my pinnace, and yet Captain Hatley did not engage her ; for which he made no other excufe when he came aboard, but that he did noe mind her, chough his boac's crew all agreed, that foe was full of men. On ehe 26ch, "abouc noon, Mr. Brooks broughe down che foip chey had takeri, and anchored aboue half a mile fhore of us. The botfwain of her had net been aboard of us two hours j before he save an intormation of a veffel laden with wine, brandy, arid other valuable things, boujid to the ifland of Chiloe, lying ac anchor in ehe bay of Herradura, abouc cwo icaugucs to the norchward of 3 S 2 us. '» 5o« GEORGE SHELVOCKE 1 7 19. us. 'Upon this, I ordered Mr, Randall, fecond lieute- *'*'^^ Cenaht, with the boatfwain of the Sallidad, with twen ty five men, to go thither in the Mercury, as we cal led our fruit- bark, with pofitive orders not -to fet a foot on foore, or make any hazardous accempt. Buc, the next evening, they returned with a difmal ftory, viz, chat ehey wene into che bay, and found che vef fel haled dry afliore; upon which che officer ordered his people to land, and bring away what they could out of her, whilft himfelf, and three or four more, kept the bark afloat. When they came ^wp to her, they found her empty ; but, ac ehe fame cime, feeing a fmall houfe juft by ehe veffel, chey began co be of Opinion, that the 'cargo was lodged chere: Upon which che officer immedi-acely ordered chem up; fo a- way wene ehe poor fellows^ wieh no body ac ehe head of chem, withoue any regard eo order, every one en deavouring to be foremoft : Bue cheir career was foon ftopped ; for chey had no fooner goC upon ehe bank, than ehey difcovered ehe enemy rufoing furioufly up on chem. Some of our feamen were pf opinion, ehac -they -might have made a fafe recreae, if they had noe been aftoniflied ac che very ftrange manner in which they were aecacked, by having a number of horfes come up wiehout riders ; but, as foon as they heard thofe behind them, my people beftirred themfelves, in order cojnake che beft of their way to ehe Mercury; by which riifeans, all, except five, efcaped ; and chefe - - five were :0!ken after chey were gptcen inco foole-wacer, le was vefy f jrcunaee for chem, chat, by. fome acci dene, eheir veffel was aground ; for ocherwife ehey muft have been all cue off. As it was, the Spaniards thought fit toTctire as foon as they were wichin muf- Icee-foqc, and our people found ic chen no difficult maecer to get the 'veffel afloat again. The water being ¦t|fc)w very low; chey were obliged, as chey went out^ to ^ keep near to a point of land, from whence the Spaniards , :' under the foelter of the wood, galled them ; but, the wind being fair, chey fopn paffed it, and; lying all clofe TO MAGELLANICA, SHcl 50$ clofe iri die botcom of ehe bark, they had pnly pnei7»i;- man wounded, who was, foot chrough cheehigh They cold me, chey perfedlly faw che manner hpw che Spa niards, came -down upon them; viz. chat they were preceded by twenty or more horfes abreaft, linked to each other ; thefe were Cwo deep ; then came che enemy mounted, and lying upon their horfes necks, driving the Qthers along ; and were nbc once feen eo fie uprighc in cheir faddles, excepc when ihcre was ho danger, or CO fire eheir mufkecs. ' When chey had goc near to my people, chey ehrew oue lines, wieh noofes ac the end of chem, eo cajch them ; and accordingly, James Da niel, one of my foremaft-men, was infnared, after he had run a good way into the water, bue was dragged ouc again ae che race pf cen knots an hour. In foore, . chey are univerfally dexcrous ac chis; for I have feen a Spaniard bring a man up by ehe fqqt as he ran along che deck; and, ehey fay, Chey are fure of any ching they fling at, atthe diftance of feveral fathoms, Thefe misfortunes and, difappointments made my crcw ex tremely uneafy, and might have had very bad confe quences, if, when we leaft expedled it, we had not been agreeably furprifed by the fighc of a large fhip, which we faw coming abouc Co che norchermoft poinc of che ifland of Quiriquine. , Ic being aimoft dark, foe .jeould noe perceive whac we were, fo chac they ftppd in wichouc fear or apprehenfion. This fudden appearance puc us into no hurry ; for we were always clear, and ready for aSion ; our launch was immediately manned, CO intercept their going afoore, or going to fea again, and my cable was ready to flip, if there had been a neceffity for it.. As foon as foe had approached us .near enough, I haled her; Co which chey recurning no anfwer, I fired inco her ; which was no fooner done, than I ordered tha launch to put-off diredlly : The ene my, upon this, fliortened fail, buc kepc faft eheir an chor; and, juft as I was going co flip my cable, che launch came up wich her, and gave her . a volley of fmall arms, and they inftantly came co, and called for quarcer. 5IQ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1719. quarter. It was about two o'clock in the morning bc- '""'^ fore my boat returned to inform me pf arty news pf her, when they brought with them the Spanift captain, and foifie of the chief paffengers,: who acquainted me, that their foip was called the St. Fermin; that foe be- Ipnged to, and cam^ttaft frOm Callaco ; that flie was a- bout 300 tons burden, and had a very fmafl cargo on board, which confifted of fugar, melaffes, rice, coarfe French linen, and fome cloths and bays of Quito, toge ther with a fmall quantity of chocolate, and about 5 or 6000 dollars in money and wrought place. I fenc Mr. Hendrie, ehe owners agene, on board of her in che Mercury, to infpedt her lading, and to older every thing he could find valuable ouc of her ; and the foip's company fent their agent likewife. In the afrernoori tiiey returned, and brought all the bales, boJtes, chefts, portmanteaus, ^c. that were in her ; and alfa all the rice, with a large quantity of fUgar, melaffes, and chocolate, and about 7000 weight of very good rufk; with all the other eatables arid ftores, Don Francifco Larragan, who was the captain, intreated the liberty ' to ranfom this foip ; Which I willingly confented to, and gave him leave to go in his own launch eo Concept /WH, wieh a inerchariC, Who was likewife a prifoner, co raife -ehe money. In che mean cime, we were bufied in fearching chc prize, chat rioching mighc be conceal ed ; and every body was looked afcer, by people ap pointed for that purpofe, who examined the poekets; f^e. of all fuch who at any time came from onboard che St- Fermin ; arid our carpenCer was employed in making a flighe deck over the Mercury, ic being pro bable, that foe would be of great ufe in coafting along foore. On the 30th, a boac came aboard from the governor, with a flag of truce, and an ofiicer, who ac quainted us, that two of the people taken in the laft fkirmifo were alive, but much wounded ; he likewife brought a prefent of feven jars of very good wine, and a letter from the governor Don Gabriel CanOi in which he demanded a fighc of ,my eommiffien, the fending afoore Tp MAGELLANICA, i^tt. gif ifhor^i Jofeph de la Fontaine, whO'bad been fervant tOU^O. Gapeain la Jonquire'% mace, and fome oeher things, ^^^ thac I chpughe unreafonable ; wieh aprpmife, chac, in cafe I cpmplied wieh chem, he would enter into a trea ty. To cue maccers fopre, I refolved to fend Capcain Betagh to che Governour, in order eo ereac by word of mouth. In the m.ean time I received other mfcffages, and other letters, from the Governour ; and, at laft, a formal Creacy was beguO; in which 1 demanded 16,000 dollars fpr the ranfom of the St. Fermin alone, and they offered 12,000 for boeh che Ihips and bai'k ; And, while chings remained in chis fieuacion, ehe Go vernour emplviyed all his fkill and care to draw toge ther fuch a body of men, as might not only free him from any apprehenfions of ,qur attempting any thing afoore, but likewife enable him Co make fome accempt upon us ; fo chae, finding all bis Spanift) pundlo eerided to encrap and abufe us, 1 firft fee fire Co the Solidad; and chen, having firft given them time co comply with the propofal I made, 1 next fet fire to the St. Fermin, as I had threatened to do, having taken care beforc'r band to be iri a condition to quit ehe Bay of Conception immediaccly", Capcain .ff^/0_£^, in his remarks, afferrs pofitively, Capcain Hatley chafed che bark, which Cap- ^in Shelvocke fays he fuffered co efcape, till he was wiehin che reach of che enemies guns upori their plat form. He informs us likewife, that the cargo of the St, Fermin was worth about 150Q I. and that th& five men out of the '^rcury were loft in atcempcing to take an empty foip,, On the 7th of January 1720, I failed, fiiys the Cap tain, to Juan Fernandez; and, on the 8th, we obferv ed the fea was perfectly red ; the Spaniards fay, tliat this was occafioned by the fpawn of camarones, oe prawns, which, for any thing I know, may be a mif take. The next day Mr, Steward, the foip's agent, took ari account of the prize ; and I ordered Mx.Hen- drie, the agent for che owners, eo cake an account on their behalf. The plunder was fold at the maft, by the 512 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1720. the foip's agene, ae very exeravagane prices, 'Capcain '"^^ Betagh infifted pofitively, chae whatever was not enter ed in bills of lading, or put on board upori freight, ought to be confidered as plunder. This might have occafioned very bad confequi;nces, if I had not refertred them CO their OWri arcicles ae St. Katharine's; Celling chem'plainly, that they had gone far enough in chefe, and thac ehey foould not exceed ehem ; upbn which , chey acquiefced, nOC a foul feconding Capcain Betagh's motion. The account beirig taken, and foares calcu lated, ehey-demanded a divifion ;' which 1 could noc refufe : Accordingly each man had, for prize-'money and plunder, afcer ehe race "of cen pieces of -'Cighe per foare, in money or' goods, • On ehe iich, ae fix in ehe' morning, we faw ehe ifland of- Juan Fernandez; at nppn, ehe body of ie bore weft-fouth-weft, diftant five leagues ; meridian diftance from 'Conception 27^ miles weft; variation, p^r amplitude, 6 degrees, 23iTiinutes eaft : To the 1 5th, I kept ftanding off and on the foore for my boats, which were a-fifoing, who, not having hitherto difcpvered any marks that 'C^lipperlon"h&d been here, feht - ehe Mercury afoore Co ftop her leaks, while chc' boats were employed in caechirig fifo, of_ which we faleed as many as filled five puncheons. At length, going on foore to make a nicer fearch for any thirig that might inform us of fbme news of my confort, fome of my men accidentally faw the .word Ma/ee, which was the name of Clipperton's fuirgCon, and Captain John cue under- ic, upon a tree, but ;no • diredtions lefr, as was agreed on, by him, in hi-s in ftrudtions come: Hisadtions being thus grofsiytepug- nanc to his inftrtfdlions,- it -Was evident, he never meant 1 fopuld ever keep him company, or join w.iih..him 'again. However, being by this confirmed in the -cer tainty ofhis arrival in thofe parts, I diredlly mSde- the. beft of my way from hence, being, withthe additkinai ftock of fifo caught here, in a pretty good' condition .tlB. to provifions, 'and having all our cafks fifled. '.O.n the 2 ift, having a defign tq look' into Co/i/<7j)ff, as 1 went along TO MAGELLAMICA, £y refolved to prg- , tedl the veffels that were with him., aqd obftrudt my cpming in. It beingdark before I could get^ into the, rpacl, I fent my thi^d lieutenant, Mr* L'^. l!orte, who was a Frenchmc^n, to let him know who vye vvere ; bue rr.y officer had nq fppner got intp, the fliip, than they tumbled him out,. again, calling him renegade; and fent me- -vvord, th&\, if I offered to . ancho'r, ther*?, they would fink nie. - Mr. La Porte, upon this, told me, that to- his,-' knowledge, the French fliips. had often tak.cn Spi:;/.iJh .from friends. As to oqr enemies again, I was inform- i72o- ¦ed at Payta, that they had laid an embargp of five or ' fix months ; fo that we had nothing to expedl on that fide. A third misfortune was, that I fjaw our prize, , which I irttendcd for a firefoip, taken by the Brilliant ; and therefore had aft the reafon in the world to expedt., they had perfedt information of all our defigns. A.dd to thefe mifchiefs, that I had but one anchor, and no bpat at all; and it will not be wondered, that I gav? up all vievys on the town of Guiaquil, where I propofed to have made an attempt, having certain intefligence, thac feveral foips of confiderable value lay in ehac river, by dine of ehe embargo, which, if I had been beCcer provided, would, in chis cafe, have dorte me a fer vice. In chis fieuacion, I called my officers Cogecher, CO lee ehem know, ehac ie was my fencimene chac we had much becter gp to windward, fince, in fpite of all their embargoes, the Spaniards muft carry on their trade with Chili; after which, I propofed watering at Juan Fernandez, and then cruifing out the whole feafpn on the Conception, Valfaraifo, and Coquimbo traders, amongft whom we foould be ftocked with anchors, ca bles, boats, and a veffel to make a firefoip of; on which 1 mightily depended, fince I could fee but little probabifity of joining the Succeft. I alfo propofed, be fore I left che coaft of Chili, to make the town of La Serena or Coquimbo, This being univerfally approved pf, we got our racks aboard, and ftrecched eo wind ward- My ineencion, after this, was for the. coaft of Mexico, there to run to the height of the Tres Marias atid^California, as the moft likely place to meet ehe Suc cefs; boeh of which places would have been commodi ous, ehe firft for faleing eureles, and ehe laft for wooding and'waeering. There I foould alfo be ready in ehe feafon co lie in che crack of the. Manilk foip; which, if I foould have ehe fortune to meet, (having a fire- foipi) I would have tried what I could have done with her; but, if f coiild not have prevailed,. I rn.utt have cor.cented myfelf .v.ith cruifing on the Peruvian foips, ' '- ' which §28 GE0RGE SHELVOCKE, 1720. which bring filver to Acapnlcs, to purchafe the Indian, V'^ and Chinefe commodities, which the Manilla foips bring chieher. On che 26ch, wc fecured our mafts, and bene a new fuit of fails, and ftood to the foueh ward, expedting co gain our paffage in aboue five weeks. Ihe day afcer, che carperieer begari Co build a boac CO water the foip. On "che 31ft, as wc were "pumping ehe foip,'the waeer came out of the well, noc only in a greaCer quantity than ufual, but alfo as black as ink ; which maide me judge, thac fome wacer came ac-our' powder ; and acco'fdirigly, going inco che pow der- rpom, ' I heard che water come in like a litcle fluice, which had quiCe fpoiled the greaceft part of our pow der; fo chac we only faved che quanticy of fix barrels, which' I ordered co be ftowed away in the bread-room.' Ie pleafed God, that wc had fair weather; ochcrWife it would have been an hard maecer for'us to have kept ourfelves above waeer. We foUnd che leak eo be on the larboard-fide, under the lovyer clieek of the head, occafioned by a flioc, which had lodged chere ; which," falling ouc,' left room for a ftream of wacer. We broughe ehe foip by ehe ftern, and, wieh greac difficul ty, ftopped ic fccurcly. Ae chis time, we had a large flock of provifions,' and pvery-one lived as 'well as he. cpuld have vvifoed, each man having a quart of chocor late, and three ounces of very good rufk, for break- faft every morning, and-frefo meat or frefo fi-fo every day, of which we had fuch a pfenty, about the foip, that we could aimoft always take qur choice of dol phin or albicore. On May 6, we made the weftermoft. of the iflands- of Juan Fernandez, the body pfit being "- north-eaft by north, diftant twelve leagues; and the. day after, the carpenters completed the boat, whicli would carry three hogftieads. On the ?ieh, wefaw the greae ifland of Juan Fernandez, bearing eaft'half- fouth, by qbfervation the body of it lying in- ehe lati tude of 33 degrees, 25 minutes foueh : A joyful fight ac ehac time, chough- fo unforcunace cp us afterwards. In Captain Betagh's acCftunt, ehe goiiig eo Juan Fer nandez, TO MAGELLANICA, &t. 529 Vandez is reprefented as a diredt defign to lofe the foip, and fo cruize for the future in a bottom, to which, in their judgment, the owners had no title. 1 muft, for my own part, acknowledge, that I cannot underftand this, becaufe, in a bark built out bf the remains of the Speedwell, they were as much in an owner's bot tom, as in the foip herfelf; and, if they could imagine this would be obviated by taking and cruifing in ano ther foip, then he might as well have quitted the Speedwell, under pretence of the leak, and gone to fea in a prize, without the hazardous experiment of the foipwreck. Capcain Betagh mentions the fufpicions of the feamen, as diredt evidence of the fadl; that ehey looked for ic, and expedled ie would faU oue, juft as ic really did. Ie is alfo fuggefted by Capcain Betagh , ehac abundance of chings of value were broughe. on foore, wichouc cheir knowin(g how ; which is another tiling I cannot comprehend ; for Captain Shelvocke, and his fon, could not carry a vaft quantity on foore chem felves ; and ic is very plain to me, that there was not a fingle man in the foip, who, if he had been trufted with fo dark a fecret, would not have difcovered it. But to proceed with the Captain's relation : I plied, fays he, off and on till the 21ft ; but could not get fo much water as we daily expended ; whicji made me think it requifite to anchor in the road for a few hours : And, in order to it, I prepared twenty tuns of cafks to raft afoore ; then worked in, and anchored in forty -fathoms water, and made a warp, which was of the length of three haufers . and an half, which, being made faft to che rock, kepc ch'e foip fteady, and gaye us an opporcunicy bf halipg our raft of caflcs afoore and aboard. The riexe morning, we were ready eo go CO fea; buc had no opporcuryty of doing fo fpr four days together, during which we anchored in the fame manner. On tli^ 25th, an hard gale of wind came out of the fea upon us, and b,rOught in a greac tutnbling fwell; fo- that, in a few hours, our cable Vox,, ill, 3 X parted; >.,-»~^ 530 GE6R'GE shelvocke; »72i, parted : A difmal accidient this, there being no means .'"^^ to .be ufed, or the leaft profpedt of avoiding imraedi-ate' .deftrudlioo. Buc Providence interpofed iri our behalf. fo far, that, if wehad'ftruck b-ut a cabh.*) length far ther Co ehe eaftward or wtflward of eh^ place where; Wc did, we mijft have iiievicably perifoed^ As foon as foe touched che rock, we Were obliged Co 'hold faft by fome pare or oeher of the fhip, otherwife the violence of the foocks foe had iri ftriking tfiight have been fufficient to have thrown us all out qf her into the I'ea/ *Jur main- iHaft» fofe-riiaft', and mizon-maft. Went all away toge ther. In foort, words are -wahting to eXprefs the 'wretched condition we were in; or ehe'furprize We wet^ Under of being' unforruriaCely fotpWrecked. Iri ehe evening,* all che Officers cariie eO'bear me company, arid CO contrive to get fbme neceffaries but Of the wreck ; arid, having ligheed a fire, wrapped chemfelves 'tip in whac they could get, laiy round it, and notwith ftanding the'coldnefs of the weather, flept very foundly. I would have fee ehe people Co work in doing what We propofed the night beforfe'; bue chey Were fo fcactered, thac chere was rio fuch ching as gecting cherh coge- ther: So chae all ppppreunitie? were loft of ffegaining ariy thing buc fome of oUf fire-arthsl Bue, While chey were' employed/ in building Cents, and making oeher preparationsco feccle ehe niielves here, the wreck was Entirely deftrbyed, and every thing that was in her loft, fexcepe orie calk- of beef, 'and' one of Ftt^iiia de Pao, which -were Wafoed whole On che ftraind. Thus were Our prpvifions of all fores" irrecoverably gone, and whatever elfe mighthaVe been of ufe CO us, except whac rhave already mehcioricd,' I Ihould havfe obferv- . ed, chat I faved \ too dollars belonging co che gehtte- /men-owners, which werdkepC iri my cheft in che grCac . cabin. ' The reft, beirig iri che bocCom of the bread- room for fecuricy, could noc be come ac. Itookfortie pains in finding a COnverticriC place Co fee up my cene, .and at lengch found' a coriimbdfous-fpot of ground, ¦¦ ¦' ' - ^ ¦ - --^ " ¦;¦ ¦¦' ¦, "•-¦'- - -noc ^0 MAGELLANIC A, &c. 531 iipt half a mile frqm ehe fea, and a fine run of wacer i7*i. within a ftonc's eaft of each lide of it, with firing near*"'^ at hand, and trees proper for building our dwellings. Tlie peo[flc fettled within call about me, as well as they could; and, having a cold feafon coming on, fome of them thatched thcii"s, and others covered chem with fkins of feals and fea lion b, whilft qthers got up wacer-bucs, and flepe in ehem, under the cover of a tree. Having thus fecured ourfelves, as well as pof fible, a;'ainil the inclemency of the approaching win ter, v.'e ufed to pafs our time in the evening in making a great fire before my cent, round which my officers in general afferrbled, employing themfelves quietly in roafting crayfifo On the enibers ; fometimes bewaifing our unhappy ftate, .and fintiing into defpair : at other times feeding.ourfelves up with hopes, chae fomeehing might be done to let us afloat again, I Confulted firft with the carpenter, who anfwercd, that he could not . make brick .vyithbut ftraw ; and walked away from me iri a furly humour. From him I went to the atmour- cr, whomT found at the wfeck^ and afked him, what lie cOuld do for us in his W,ay, that might contribute cowards the building of a fmall veffel. To which he anfwered, he.hoped he could do allthe iron-work, that was neccirary for fuch a thing; that he had, wieh much laboui:, gotten his bellows oue of the wreck, with four or five fpadoes, which would afford them fteel; and chat there could be no want of iron along che foore; and chac he did nOe doubc, buc we foould find a.greac. maiiy ufeful chings, when we came co fet to ¦work in good earfleft; and defired I would, wichouc lofs of eii; e,. order fome charcpal tP be made for him, w-hilft he fee up his forge. Upon which I called all hands together, and gave it them as my opinion, that; chere wah a greac probability wc foould be able co, ef fect che building a veffel cq cranfport us ; bue chac it would undoubcedly be a laborious cafk, and woutd re quire che; utmoft endeavours frqrii.chem all ; and put; the queftion to chem, wheeher we foould 'make a be- 3X2 ginning. 5J2 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 172I. ginning, or no. To which they, with one voice, cori" '--r-J f'ented, and promifed to be extremely dfligent in work ; and begged me to give them inftrudtions how' cp pro ceed. I chen ordered thofe, who were wooding before the foip v/as loft, to bring in their axes, thac I might fend ehem to' cut wood to make charcoal, while the -reft went down to , the wreck, to get the bowfprit a- foore, of which 1 intended to make the keel ; and pre vailed on the carpenter to go with me, to fix on the propereft place to build upon. In a word, the pepple found a great many ufefurmateri'als about the wreck, and, amongft the reft, the Cop-maft, which, being- made faft co the main-maft, was wafocd afliore, and, though of no fmall weight, would nqt, at this time, have been exchanged for gold. On June 8, we laid the blocks to build upon, and had the bowfprit ready at hand. The carpenter, fud denly turning foort upon me as I ftood by him, fwore an oath, he would not ftrike another ftrdke upon it; that he, truly, would be nobody's flave ; and thought himfelf now upon a footing with myfelf. I was at firft. angry; but at laft came to an agreement to give him a four-piftole-piece as foon as the ftern and ftern- poft were up, and 100 pieces of eight, when the bark was finifoecl ; and the money to be comrnitted to the keeping of any one he foould namfe till chat time. Up- , on' this, he went to work on the keel, which, was to "be thirty feet in length, her breadth by the beam fix- , teen feet, and feven feet deep in the hold. In two- months time we liiade a tolerable foew, which wasy in a great meafure, owing to ehe ingenuity of Pbppleftgn, my armourer, who did noe lofe a miiiuce's time from ehe work of his hand, and che concrivance of his '^,head. This affiduity of his, I dare fey, was greatly ,, -owing CO the juft fenfe he had of our forlorn ftace, '.with which he feemed to be much affcdlcd. This man made u,'. a Jittle double-headed, mallet, hatrimers, chi- " feis, files, and a fort of gimblets, which performed ve- ,ry well ;' nay, "he even made a bullet-mould, and an "^ ' ' inftrument TO MAGELLANICA, 6'C. $3i ihftrument to bore our cartouch-boxes, which wei72i- made of the trucks of gun-carriages, which were wafo- """^ ed afliore, (thefe we covered with feel-fkins, and con trived fo as CO be both handy and neat) ; and had en abled himfelf to perform any iron-work the, carpenter Wanted; and did not only do uS this fervice in this way, but alfo began and finifoed a large ferviceable boatj which was whac we ftood much in need of. BuC Lmuft obferve, thac, in che beginning che people behaved chemfelves very regularly, half pf ehem. wprking one day, and half anocher, and feemed eo be cafier and ea- fier under our misforeunes everyday. They Created tee wieh as much -regard as I could wifo; and, iri a bo dy; ehariked me for ehe profpedt chey had of a deliver ance, I never failed eo encourage chem by fuch ftories of chings or adlions chac I heard co have been done by the number of men in diftreffes of chis kind ; and al ways preffed ,ehem eo ftick clofe eo che -Work, chat we mighc gee the bark ready in cime ; and told them, chat to our Comfort, we had three of the beft ports in Chili within 120 leagues of us. This inftilled new life into them ; and ehey often declared, ehac ehey would do their uemaft eo finifo her with all expedition, which was a moft agreeable hearing, Bue, inftead of enjoying peace long, we became a prey co fadlion ; fo chae ic Was a miracle, thac we goc off^rom chis place by any endeavours of our own : for, afcer-chey had gone ehro' the mpft laborious part of chc work, cheyencircly ne- •gledlcd it; ,,and many of my. officers deferted my con- verfation, to herd with the meaneft of the foip's com pany. I was now confirmed in the fufpicion 1 had fome time before, that there was a black defign in embryo ; for, when I met by chance arty of my officers, if I afk ed them, what they were about, and why they would adtfo contrary to their duty, as to divert the people trom their work, one would anfwer, chae he did; noe know wheeher he' foould go off the ifland, or no, if my bundle of boards was ready ; and others cold me, that they did not care how matters went- ; they could 534 GEORGi: SHELVOCKE, t7«i.ifhife fqrih.emfejvc«; as well as the reft. And, when ^¦^^^ I fpoke wieh the meaner forC; fome would be furiy, and fay objthing; ^cbfers would be flaves co no-bqdy ; bdiit would do as ehe reft did. -In the midft, of thefe confufion^, I ordered my fon td fecure my cprariiiffioni On fom^ dry place of the wood or rockS; if fuch cpuld be ;fqund ; fojr I well remembered how Dampier had bie.en ferved in thefe feaf. At length I, one afternoon, hijfled alll the, people; And could fee nobody,, but Mr. Adamfon, furgeon, Mr . Hendry the agerit, and my fon, and Mr. Dod, lieutenant of marines, who, for fome reafons beft knpwn co himfelf, had feigned lunacy, I could noc devife what could have become of ehem all^ but at nighc was informed, that ehey had affenibfed..at che greae tree, to confulc cogecher ; where they had formed anew regulaeiqn, and riew articles, wherebythey excluded che gentlenjen-advencurersfo England from having any part of what we Ihould take for, che fueure; and diveftedme of che authority qf their captain^, and had regulated themfelvc?, according to Jamaica-di\fc\.- pline. The chief officers, among the reft, had chofen one Morphew to be their champion and fpeakcr, Tbis ' man addreffed himfelf to thofe chac were prefent, Co acquaint them, " That they wcr& now their own ma- " fters; and fervants cq none ; chat alehough Afr. S|&f/- ' " vocke, their former captain, tqok upon hinitp cam- " mand them to do this and that, isle, he qqght to be ~" made fenGble, thac, whqeyer was eheir, commander *' now, ie was cheir courcefy that made him fp,; buc " thac, howevar, Mti ^SMw/fe. mighc have che .refu- " fal; if ehe majority chqught fit; buc not elfe, , But, " ae the fame time, obferve^ to them, that niy qom- " mand was too lofey and arbicrary for a private fhip; " ehac I foould have cpncinued in men of wir, where " people Were obliged quieely eo bear, all harfoips im- " pofed upon ehem, whccher right or wrong." To which Ibme prefenc, who had a regard for me, arifwerr ed, " Thac chey never knew or few. me crcat any body " unjuftly or . feverely ; and chae, however rigid I , , ' " mighc TO MAGELLANICA, 6-e. 535 '' niight be, they had nobody elfe to depend on ; and i72r. '« ehac ehey would all do well eo confider, how many '"''^ " dilEculcies I had already brought them through; that, " fuppqfing wc were' prefervrd out of the hands of our " enemies, how many more were to Come, no one " cOuld tell } that, if chey expedled or intended to " 'recurn tq England, ie Could be by no other means '' than taking a turn round the world; and that, in '' that cafe, there' was none capable to undertake che " care of theni, buc myfelf: and reminded chem of " my commiffion, and the refpedl due 10 me upon i' thacj befidesthe proeedlion they would receive from ¦b it, fhould they fall into the hands of the Spaniards." This had foriie effedt on the meaner fort ; but they were diverced frOrh che thoughts of recurning co pbe- dience by' ehe chief-concerned, who were no lefs chan ray firft lieutcnaric Brooks, &c, who had made the fore- riientipned Morphea His Confidene, even on bpard che foip; for havihg fervfed as foremaft-tnan che voyage be fore he was njiade niy lieutenanc, he had comradted a mighcyliking to theforeeaflie-conyerfation: And, be- fid,cs this, they Were agairt ffuppofced by Mr. Randal, foy fecond lieucenarit, w{to.wa'S Brook's brother-in-law, arid others, who, forgeceing all the obligations they- owed tb the gentlemen in England, and all the refpedl due tq me, were now running- into irigraeicudc,'and inco an irrecoverable damage eo their charadlers and in- tercfts. The firft and moft remarkable outrage com- iniceed by chis gang of levellers, was on Mr. La Porte foy chird licuccnanc, whom Marpfow affaulted in a bar barous manner/and knocked him dowri on the beech, Whilft Mr, Brooks^ood by an eye-witnefs of this bruta lity. I expoftulaled with him upqn his condudl warm ly ; but With very lieele efledt : So chac I faw plainly, thac there was an end of all regular auchoricy amongft Us, 'Very foon afcer, the affair came to be fully ex plained ; for che meri framed a new fee of articles, by Which they put chemfelves Upon the Jamaica-dixfciphne, declaring, thac, as \ had been cheir Capcain, fo they were 53^ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, , . 1721. were coricent I-foould be cheir Capcain ftifl ; and, as a '^'^furehet mark of cheir regard, 'chey were willing eo ali- low me fix foares ; whereas, according to the Jamai- ca-xaodel, I ought to have only four. Upon the farrie plan, many of my officers were reduced ; for inftance, Mr. Le Porte,' Mr. Dod, and Mr. Hendry,, were declar ed midfoipmen : And to this fcheme their fuperieur officers readily contented ; fo chac chere was no hirider- fng ie from being carried incb execution. Only Mr. Coldfea che mafter maineained a kind__of neutrality, and neither promoted nor oppofed the defigns, that were going, forward. In chis diftrefs, I thought ic lawful, , arid even neceffary, eo comply wieh cheir demarids ; ari(| therefore, in cori}undtion with the reft of my officers, I figned thofe articles : and then I thought I fhould have , been able to have got chem to work hard on the bark, that was to carry us off; but I foon found, thac 1 was fure CO be miftaken, whenever 1 eneercained any good opinion of chem, Inftead "of liftening eo my advice, which, ae che fame cime. Was entirely calculaced for their fervice, ehey broke inco anocher mueiny at chc great cree, where chey came co a refolution cp demand whac liccle mpney I had faved for the owners, which amounted to 750 pieces of eight in virgin-filver, a fil ver difo weighing 75 ounces, and 250 dollars in ready money ; with which I was -obliged to comply, and was then treated worfe chan ever, having only ehe refufe of the fifo, when they had chofen ehe beft, being glad, -afcer an hard day's work, co dine upon feale ; -while Mr. Morphew, and his counfellors, feafted on ehe beft fifh ehe fea afforded. The nexe ftroke of eheir infqlence was, eo gee che arms ouc of my hands, of which 1 had hitherto taken chc greaceft care, becaufe, haying. but one flint to a mufkee, and bue very litcle ammunition, I forefa-w, chac, if this was wafted, we muft be un done: All which I reprefented to them, when they made their demand, but to no manner of purpofe : for they npt only took the arms, but, as I imagined, they I'quandered away the little powder, and the few bullets we TO MAGELLANICA, €?ff. 537 wc had left, in killing caCs, or any ching elfe chat came i72Q. in cheir way, arid ehey could fire at. This is a concife ^"^ hiftory of our tranfadtions in' the ifland of Juan Fer'nan-. dez, from May 24,, to Auguft 15 ; and, I believe, ehe impartial reader will agree, ehac no man could fuffer more chan \ did, lead a worfe life,, or have a more un comfortable profpedt. On the 15th of Augufl:, the flght of a large foip at fea puc us inco che utmoft confufion. Before he crof fed the bay, I ordered the fires to be put out, and con fined the negroes and Indians, left the fliip foould be becalmed under the land, and .any of them fliould at- |empt fwimming off to her. I conceived it impoffible, that foe foould be a man of war, which having advice of our being loft, came to feek 41s; yetl knew, if foe difcovered what we were about, and the wreck on the foore, we foould foon have the whole force of the kingdom of Chili upon us. I was not long under thefp apprehenfions ; for -foe kept away large, and at top great a diftapce to perceive any thing of usl , On this occafion I got moft of the people under arms,, .and was glad to fee -fo many of them, in fome meafure, obe dient to my command. -L upon this, tpld them, I was pleafed. to fee their arms in fuch good order : To .which chey anfwered impertinently, Thac ic was for their own fakes. Bue, before chey were difperfed, I cold ehem, chae the neceffity of our affairs .was fuch, that it required every one to give their affiftance, and ufe their beft endeavours to get the. bark afloat, inft"ead of caballing againft their captain; which v^ould in the end be highly prejudicial ; that, if we were difcovered, all hopes would be gone, and vve could reafonably expedt no other, than to be flaves inibmeof che mines ; thac we had ftill a greac deal of work, and never above cen of ehe more confiderate, and commonly but fix or fe- yen, who attended it; andthat, (as they knew),eo foew an exariiple,;! was always one of the number. But they were fo obftinace, and fo wilfully infenfible of the impendene deftrudlion which was likely ro fall upon VoL.lIL 3Y us. Ssi GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1720, Us, that che more I made ufe of reafon to reclaiftv '^^^ehem, the more I remonftrated cq chem che ill confe quences thac would ateend their continual mneinies, and chc more I encouraged them by future profpecis of advantage, che more ehey ran inco a confufed diftrac- tion and inlerrupeion of ariy chingchac mighc be of fer vice to them in any refpedl. The next day they divi ded amongft theriifelves, upon chis queftion, Wheeher, the bark fhould be carried on, or wheeher ehey foould build cwo large foallOps^ arid fee whac was done of the barjc on fire. The favourers of this new defign, whq were headed by Morphew, and his friend, aimed ae a feparation by chis means, and didhpe doubc they foould have cheir ends, confidering che greae iufluence ehey had as yec over their fellow-fiifferers ; bqt, as this muft be carried by a majoricy of voces, according eo their own articles, they affembled before my tent co debaCe chis maecer ; which chey did in a noify clamo rous manner on boeh fides. Bue in order eocome eo a conclufion, I pofieively affured them, that boats would be impra^icable ; becaufe our tools, and ma terials coo, were aimoft worn out and gqiie; therefore ic was in vain for ehem co difpuce abouc it. "The workmen, and a cpnfiderable majpricyof the reft, fided wieh me in ehe behalf of ehe bark ; bue, at nighc, ch» carperiCer fenc me word, chae if I did nOc defiver him the moriey agreed ae ehe beginning, notwithftanding the terms for the payment of it were not executed, I foould not fee his face again ; fo I was obliged to raife the money for him. The moft provoking part of this pro pofal was, that the fellows who took upon them to harangue and ftickle firft, were thofe who had never done an hour's work fince we had been eaft away; bur, ' not gafoing eheir poinr, they openly declared I'foonld' not be -their Captain, and that none but Brooks fhould be their commander; which was (perhaps) what that ."'¦ young man afpired to, and had long expedled, if orie may draw' reafonable eoncluiions from his deportment tome; and he undpubtedly- might have been their eoairiiinder,' to Magellanica, &c. 539 tommander, had ic rioc been for che people in chc boae-J72Q. Twain's cenc, who, alehough chey were fond of chink ing chemfelves eheir own mafters, and would noC fub- mie CO regular command, yec had ehac refpedt lefe, as ripe CO give cheir confertcs chae I foould be left on ehe ifland. I muft own, chac ic was a ching very indifferene to me, had I noC choughe, chac I acquitted myfelf of my duty, in doing what in me lay, to hinder fo many of his Majefty's fubjedls, intrufted under my care, trom becoming vagabonds. September the 9th, the boac thac I have already mentioned co be begun by che armourer, was launch- 'ed : and, being now in che way of completing our bark; chere yec remained unconfidered, and unde termined, whac provifions wc could gee eo fupporc us in our voyage. This was as neceffary cp be Ippkcd in- IP, as ehe finifoing our embarkation, che one being ufelefs wichouc ehe oeher ; and all chc ftock we had, was one cafk of beef, five or fix bufocls pf farina, or Caffador- flour, cogecher wich four or five live hogs. I made feveral experimencs co fave boeh fifo and feal, bue ie was impoffible eo be done wichouc falc. Ac fengeh, we luckily chpughe on a meehod of curing ehe conger-eel, by fpliecing ehem, and caking oue ehe back-bone ; chen dipped them in fea-waecr, and, laftly, hung ehem up eo dry in a greae fmoke. Bue no oeher fifo could be preferved after thac manner : Therefore the fifoermen were ordered cp make ie eheir bufinefs Co catch what congers they could ; and now feveral of the people, who had not yet ftruek a ftroke, began to re pent of their folly, as they grew weary of living on this place; and offered their fervice to go a-fifoing, with fome foolifo excufe or other, for being fo long idle, and aflced my pardon, promifing nocco lofe a momenc for the time to come. The new boat, biting fent to cry her foreune, recurned ac night, and brought with them a great parcel pf fifo pf feyeral forts ; amongft which were 200 eels, which was a good beginning, ?nd eveiy tent eqck cheir propprcion qf chern cq fav.e 3 Y 2 and 54CJ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1720. and cure, and che boat was haled up every nighc, and ^"^^ a ftridl watch was keptover theirl, to prevent any ma king cheir efcape. Having ehis conveniency ofa laro-e boat, I de/ired Mr. Brooks, our only diver, to try what he could recover from that part-of ehe wreck which lay wichouc. He accordingly Wene,' and could find biie one fmall gun, which he weighed, and broughe afoore, tOgecher wieh two pieces ofa large church candleftick, wisrch was a part of the gentlemen owners plate. Our boat was daily employed in fifoing, the armourer con ftantly fupplying with hooks,- and there was no want of lines, -w'hich were made of twifted ribband, of which a greac quantity was driven afoore. In the nieaft time, thofe who were, afoore made cwine-ftuff for rig ging, etc. and patched up the canvas for fails ; the cooper completed his cafks, and, in a foort time, we had mafts on end, tolerably well rigged, and made a a good figure. But, notwithftanding this fliew, 1 had a damp upon rny fpirits, when I refledted wichin my felf on the certain and unadvoidable difficulty wc foould find in calking her eight* which was like eo prove an ugly piece of woric, where one had bad feams, wretched tools, and indifferent artifts to deal with -, which was our cafe. However, when we had done it, and came to put ic in the water, to cry che ficnefs of Our work, it was followed by an univerfal outcry, A Sieve ! a Sieve I /i.nd now every one appeared truly nielancholy and difpiriced, infomuch ehac 1 was afraid they would not have ufed any farther means ; but in a little time, by inceffant labour, we brought her into a eolerable condicion, and, having repaired the foip's pumps, 1 contrived them to fit our bark. This, they cried, was a poor dependence; but I defired them to have patience, and ' to continue their -aid, in doing whac more eould be thoughc of, and prepare Co launch hex, and chcn we foould be better able to judge what we? might expedl, before we ventured to fea in her ; and that, in the mean time, the cooper foould make a bucket for each man, if his materials would hold ouc. This TO MAGELLANICA, ^c. §ii This being approved on by all, we agreed to put her ly^P- in ehe waeer chc nexe fpring- tide, which fell ouc ehe fch of Odlober 1720, by which time we had faved 2300 eels, weighing, one with another, one pound each, and about fixty gallons of feals ^fl, to fry ehem in. This, wieh whac 1 mentioned before, was all our fea-ftock. The appointed time being come, we were all ready ; buc, in launching her, as foe fefl from ehe blocks, ehac which was co receive her abate gave way, and down flic feecled, and ftuck faft, our launch being with the head towards che fea. I ehonghe we were irre- crievable fpoiled now ; bue, when we came eo make purchafes Co raife her again, happily found foe did not hang fo heavy as I dreaded ; by which means we goc her clear off, and faved ae the fame time. As foe went off, I named her The Recovery, though I was fadly afraid of hearing iU news from thofe afloat in her. All things, however, anfwering pretty wefl, we refolved to run the hazard of going off in her ; and wich thac view, made all poffible difpatch in getting things on board : After all, a dozen of our people chofe to remain on foore, rather than run the hazard of going to fea in fuch a veflel ; and fent me word, when 1 preffed them to ie. That as yet they did noe chink chemfelves fuffi ciently prepared for che other world; and with ehem remained abouc as many negroes and Indians. When we firft came on foore, ehe weacher would not permit us to go a-fifoing, fo that we were then conftrained to live up on feals ; the entrails of which; 1 muft confefs, are to lerable food ; but the conftant and prodigious flaughter we made of them, frighted them from our fide of the ifland, ^ October the 6, we departed, with nothing to fub fift at fea with but the fmoked congers, one of which was allowed to each man for twency-four hours, one caflc of beef, and four live hogs, which had fed all ehe time on ehe puerefied carcafes of che feals we had kil fed, wieh chree or four bufocls of meal. We were upwards pf forey erouded cogecher, lying upon the bundles 54* GEORGE.SHEL VOCKE,.^ 1720 bundles of eelsj in no meehod of keeping chemfelvei ^"^^ clean ; fothat all our fenfes'were as much pffended as poffible. There was riot a drop of Water tp he had, without fucking it out of the caflc with the barrel of a rnufket, which was made ufe of by every body prq- mifcuoufly : and the littie Unfa^'dury mprfcls we daily eat, created perpetual quarrels, every one coneending for ehe frying pan. All ehe conveniency we had for a fire, was only a half cub filled with earth, Which made itfo tedious, that we had a Continual noife- of fry'mg from morning to night. I propofed that We ftiOuld ftand to che foueh-eaft, coward the bay of Conception, chat fcjl^ing -neareft CO us: Everyday, while che fea- breeze continued; we were hard puc eo ie ; for noe having, a- bove fixceen inches free board, arid our bark cumbling prodigioufly, che water cantinually ran over us; and^ having only a grating deck^ and no earpawlirt eo cover ie, excepc ehe bark's top-fail, which was buc thiri; bur pumps would bue juft keep us free; noewithftandirtg w'hich, I was Uncafier by bearing away, Conceplebn be ing our chief dependence. On the loth, at four in' the morning, we fell in with a great foip; and, by the moon-light, I could plainly fee foe was Europe-built. We were obliged to adt in fuch a manner, as the na ture of our cafe required, which was defperate : there fore I ftood for her ; and, we being rigged after the manner of the fmall craft of the country, they did not regard us tifl day-fight: which coming on before we could get quite up with her, they difcovered the brownnefs of our canvas, and immediately fufpedted us, wore foip, and haled clofe on a wind to the weft ward ; then hoifted their colours, and fired a gun, and crpuded away from us, and left us behind chem at a great rate; but, it falling calm two' hours after, we had recourfe to our oars, and approached them with to lerable fpeed : and, in the meari time, overhaled our arms, \yhich wc found to be in a very bad condition, one third of chem being withoue flincs, artd bue three cutlaffes; fo that we were not prepared at all for boarding, TO MAGELLANICA. 543 boarding, which was che only means we could havi: of 172*. taking any foip. We had bue one fmall cannon, Vr^ which we could noc moune, and eherefore were pbliged to fire it as it lay alpng the deck ; and, tp fupply it, we had rtP mpre ammunitipn than twp rpund ftiot, a few chainbplts, aud bolt-heads, che Iclappers pf che Speed well's bell, and fome bags qf beech-ftpnes cp ferve fpr parCridge. Ih fpur hpurs we came up wieh chem, e- yery one feeming as eafy in cheir mirtds, as adlually m che poffefliort of her; and were only forry, chac foe \ivas noe deeper laden chan foe feemed CO be i Bue as we advanced nearer, I faw her guns and paeereroes, aad a confiderable number of men on che deck, wieh t'heir arms glittering in the fun. The enemy defied us to come qn board them ; and, ac the fame time, gave us a volley of greae and fmall fooc, which killed our gun-^ ner, and aimoft broughe our foremaft by chc board. This unexpedled reception ftaggered a greac many, who before feemed co be che forewardcft, cliae chey lay - on cheir oars for fome time, noewichftanding chae I ur ged chem CO keep eheir way ; bue, recovering again, fowed clofe up wieh them, and engaged thern^ rill all pur fmall fooc was expended, which obliged us eo fall aftern co make fome flugs : In ehis manner we made three atcempes, wichouc any becter fuccefs. All che nighc we were bufied making fluggs, and had provi ded a large quancicy ehe nexe moriiing, when wc came to a final refolution, of eicher carrying her, or of fub- tjiiecing eo her ; and accordingly, ac day- break, 1 cfr- dered ewency men, in our yawl, eo lay her aehwarc che hawfc, whilft I boarded her in che bark : The people in che boae pne off, giving me repeaced affurances of their good behaviour; bue che very inftanc we were coming to adtion, a gale fprung up, and foe wenc away from CIS. This foip was called the Margaretta, and was the fame which had been a privateer belonging ^0 Saint Malo, and mounted forty guns all the lait war. Next day, we plundered the town of Iquique, and found the followrng booty, more valualfle to us at. prefent 544 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, * 720 prefent, chan gold or filver, -which confifted of fixty bufocls of wheac-flpur, uo pf calavances and corn, fome jerked beef, pork, and muccon, 10,000 weight pf well-cured fifo, a good number of fowls, fome rufo, and fpur or five days eating of foft bread, cpgecher with five pr fix jars of Peruvian wine and brandy ; and had the good fortune to find a boac near che foore, Cp bring off their plunder, which Pthcrwife wpuld have been pf little qfe to us, our bpat being laden with men. Mean while we, in the bark, were carried away tp the northward, by th.c current pqt pf the fight pf the ifland ; and they, not having laden their boats before fhe h.catof the day, bad a laborious tafk to row; off their heavy laden boats ; whilft we were under the mclan- cholly apprehenfions, that pur peopfe, not finding any thing confiderable, had Caken ie inco eheir heads eo ftay afoore, and defert us : Bqe chefe clouds difperfed, when, cowards ehe evening, 1 perceived ewo bpae§ ap proaching us very faft, and difcovered ehem a.s mi.]ch burdened as chey could fafely be. Words cannqt ex prefs ehe joy ehac reigned among us when they camp aboard : The fcenc was now changed from fariiine Co plency; the loaves pf fofe bread were diftributed, and che jarsqf wine broached ; buc I cook care ehey fbquld drink moderately of it, each man having no more than half a pint : And, after living a day or two on whole fome diet, we wondered our ftomachs could digeft the rank naufeous eels fried in train-oil ; and could hardly .fafelieve that we had lived on nothing elfe fpr a mpnth paft. I was affured, by niy fecond lieutenant, thatthe Indians did not exprefs any great concern at what hap7 pened, but feemed rather, to be pfeafed at our plunder- ring the Spaniards; fo natural is it for bad mafters tQ find enemies iri theif fervants. -ifc This little ifland of Iquique hes in the latitude of 90 degrees 50 minutes fonth. Itis aboue a mile and a half in circumference, and half a mile, or che-reaboucs, from ehe main-land of Peru, che channel beeween full of rocks, le is ofa moderace heighe, but the bulk of it TO M A G E L L A N I C A; &c. 54.^ ,t is entirely compofed of cormorants dung, which, as 1720.; 1 have before obferved, is made ufe of for manuring ^"'^ the land, which produces cod-pepper. In colour it is exceeding white ; fo thac places covered wieh ie ap pear, ae a diftance, like chalk-cliffs. The fmell of it is cercainly very offenfive, and, in all probability, very unwholfome ; but ehe gain chac is made of ic very con fiderable, fince feveral foips load here every year, and carry ic co Arica. There are no inhabieancs on ie buc riegro-flaves, who clean and prepare it in large heaps near che foore, ready for boacs co Cake ie off. As eo the village where ehe lieueenant refides, chaC is on die concinenc, clofe by che fea-fide, it confifts of about fixty fcattered ill- built houfes, (whicff hardly deferve that name) and a fmall church ; there is n^t the leaft ver dure to be feen about ie, nor does ie afford ehe leaft neceffary of life, not even water, which they are obli ged CO feech from ehe ^ebrada, or ehe break of Pifa gua, in boars, cen leagues co che noCchward. Being, therefore, a place fo miferable, wc may conclude, ehac che advaneage accruing co chem by guana, or cormo;- rants dung, is the only inducement to bring inhabitants to this place. This laft inconvenience was what, f fuppofe, led chem to the contrivance of building their habitations on the main land ; which, though it is a fituation as hideous as can be imagined, and not whol ly out of the ftench of the oftenfive vapours of the ifle of Iquique, yet is not quite fo fuffocating. But although the land is fo defolate and forbidding, the fea affords two or three forts of excellent fifo, of firch kind as I ne ver faw before ; one of them is a large filver eel, tho' much thicker in proportion to its lengch ; thefe and the reft are equally delicious. They cure chem in a clean ly manner, andexporc great quantities of them by the Ihips which come from Guano^. B.y two Indian prif'on- ers, we were informed, that the lieutenant of /j«i^2fi? had a boat at Pifagua., which was fent for water, of which we began to Hand in need. I fent Mr .^«k- dall, fecond lieutenant, in queft of h&r,; butthis failed ; Vol. III. 3 Z and 54f GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1720.- and though they miffed the veffel, they landed in a '¦'^ dangerous manner, pn a fOrt pf aflpat calledBalJes, much in ufe Prt Chis Coaft; chey broughe off only a few blad ders of waeer, and chree or four balfes, very artificially fcWed, and filled with wind, riiadc fall along fide one another : On thefe the royver fies, looking forward, with a double paddle ; and, as faft as he can perceive che wind co efcape from under, he adds a fupply, by 3 cprierivance'foreliac purpofe, Thefe are the chief em barkations made ufe 6f by the fifoermen, and are fer viceable for landing on this coaft, which has hardly one fmooth beach from one end to the other of it. We foould have looked inro the pOrt of Arica, but chae wc heard chere was a foip of force there, Wc concinaed our courfe eo Le Nafco', of which port we met wieh a large fhip, aboue cwo hours before day-fighe-. le was ten in che niorning before we came up wieh her, "though we rdwed very hard; and afcer a brifk difpuce, which lafted fix or feven hours, and then the feav breeze coming in very ftrong, we were obliged Co leave her, Tbis foip was called St. Francifco Palacio, of 700 tons, eight guns, and cen paeereroes, a great number of men, and well provided with fmall arms; alehough fo.e was fo deeply laden, ehac, as foe rplled, ehe waeer run through her feuppers, over her, upon deck; fo thac fhe h.id inore of ehe refemblance of an ill-concri- ved wooderi Caftle, chen of a foip, according eo ehe fafoion of building, at prefent in Europe. It was our ill'forcuhe to meet two of the beft equipped foips, in the private trade, at that time, in the South Seas. In this adtion, we had not above twenty, fmall arms that Were of any ufe, v/hich was the effedt of theininconfidc-' race proceedings on Juan Fernandez; but notwithftand ing this, chey were fb impatient, that' fame of theni w-.i, i'tfoived to go and furrender immediaccly 'to the fricn-jy. To- prevent this, 1 ordered tour men, I thought 1 could truft, into cur two boats, co put it out of their povver: buc thofe two that were in the.heft .boiiL deceived me, and went av»?ay with her; and my - firft TO MAGELLANICA, e«ff. 5-47 firft licuccnanc and Morphew, made a party Co go away i72C» wieh the only boat we had left ; which they had cer- ^"'^ tainly cffedled, btic chac ic blew fo hard ehe nexe day, as Co hinder chem from executihg their cfefign ; the knowledge of which I was forced Cp diffemble, as I had noe power enough eo punifh ehem. We ftood ehe day following ineq che road pf Pifco, where we faw a very fine fhip, arid refolved unanimpuf- ly co board her. 'We firft ordered our boae to incer- cepc cheirs ; which ehey miffed : Buc we kepc our re folution neverthelefs; and to our great fatisfadtion, when we came to board, che captain, and all his officers, met us with their hats off*, befeeching us to grant chem good quareers ; which we readily did. She was a good , , foip, of abouc 200 cons, called the Jefu Maria, ai moft laden with pitch, tar, copper, nnd plank : buc nothing elfe. . The Captain offered 1 6,000 dollars for her ranfom ; but I could not comply, the Recovery be ing difabled in her mafts by bpardirig ; arid noc only fo, but I was hindered by the confideration, that ,riow we mighc have room enough Co enjoy qurfelves, fome cleanlincfs ac leaft,- an article wc had been perfedt ftrangers co ever fince we had departed from the ifland of Juan Fernandez, We therefore made the utmoft difpatch in getting everything out of the bark. The Spanijh captain informed me, that the Margaretta had been arrived fome time at Calao, where flic had given a full account of us ; chac ehe captain, and chree men; were kilfed in che adtion ; and thac chc prieft, and fe yeral ochers, were wounded ; and ehac foe was now .ready co puc cq fea again, wich an addition of cen guns, and fifty men, to cruife for qs; and chac che Flying Fijh„ a frigace of Cwenty-eighe guns, was already cue with the fame intent ; and that there was advice fent both ways along foore, and commifftons to equip what ftrength ehey had co catch us. All the night tliey were upon the watch at the cown, making a fhew, by ehe continual firing of gUris, to give us an earneft Of what we ^^.uft expedl, if we fopuld atccmpc a defcent. Ha- 3 Z 2 ving 54? GEORGE SHELVOCKE, ¦*72o. ving cleared our bark the next mprning, we gave her tp che Spanift) capcain ; and, as foon as che breeze, fprung up, we weighed, and wenc eo fea, and in going nice wieh our boae ehac had lefe us. They edged co wards us, imagining we were Spaniards; by which means we goc chem again. The cwo feflows were al mpft dead, having neither eat npr drank ariy thing for • three days paft, and had juft been afoore on a fmall ifland near this harbour, to kill fome feals, to drink their blood. They had no excufe, but that they fell afleep; and that che breezes had wafted us in the bark away from chem. We had not much time tp obferve the place, which, however, upon a tranfient view, appeared to us very pleafantly fituated among orchards and vineyards. After wc left it, wc proceeded along the coaft very cautioufly, as knowing thac we were now almpft in the months of our enemies, and that the leaft adl of indiferetipn muft throw us into their hands. We ventured, hpwever, to look into the roads pf Guanchaco, Mal&briga, arid Cheripe ; but fee ing no foipping in them, paffed on between the iflaad , ef Lobos de Tierra and the continent, - On November 25, we found ourfelves near the faddle of Payta ; and I immediately bethought me, that^ though our force was much diminifoed fince we lafl took it, yet we might, without any hazard, furprife them in the night. Accprdingly, we endeavoured to get in with che'foip, till, it growing calm, it was thought better to defer ic till the morning, fince our being in a Spanifh built foip would be fufficient to deceive the inhabiiants, and make it imppflible for them to fufpedl us. In the' morning, the people afoore, obferving the fatigue wc underwent in making fo many foort trips to gain ground to windward, lent off a urge bonc, full of men, to help us to bring in pur foip, and inquire news ofus. As fbon as we faw them making towards us, 1 order- ¦ ed, that none foould be feen, but fuch as wore the Spanijh complexion and drefs; who vv-ere ready to an- . fv?er Itich queftions as they aflced jn hailing us, and ''¦'¦'• I ' ' ' '' ' g'v?!- TO MAGELLANIC A, fsff, 549 give ehem a rope Co make faft cheir boac when chey 1720. clapped us aboard, while fome fhould be concealed un- ""^ der chc gunnel, wieh muflieCs ready eo poinc inco eheir booc, and command chem in as foon chey had made chemfelves faft. This ftraeagem had ics effedt, I exar mined chc prifoners of ehe condition [of che cown, which, chey afilired us, was very poor at prefenc, chere being neieher money nor provifions in ic; and foewed me a finall bark on fhore, which Capcain Clip perton had fene in a little while before, with fomc of his prifoners; upon which every thing had been removed into the country. This unwelcome news did not hin der us from keeping on our way, with our Spanijh colours flying, till we came to the anchorage, I fent Mr. Brooks, as foon as our anchor was down, with both the boats, and twenty-four men, no more of them ap pearing than thofe that rowed, and two or three fitting in each, the reft, with their arms, lying in the bot toms of the boats ; fo that, when my people landed, they found the children playing on the beach, who immediately cook chc alarm, and run away aC ehe fighc of armed men. In an inftanc, che whole place was in a confterhacion, and happy was che man who could make his efcape, che cown being lefe deftieUte, and the enemy being too nimble of foot for ours eo o- vercakc chem. They ranfacked Payta, and, upon a ftridl fearch, found, chac our prifoners had noe decei ved us, in faying che place was poor ; for ehey could find noching bue a few bales of coarfe cloch, abouc 500 weighe of dried dog-fifo, cwo or chree pedlars packs, and an inconfiderable quantity of bread and fweat- tneats : fo chac we had bue fmall 'employmenc for our boats. BuC, chough we had fo licele fuccefs in our land-cnCerprife, we cook a booty as we lay at anchor ill the foip ; which was a veffel with about fifty jars of Peruvian wine, and brandy. The mafter ot her told me, that he was come by ftealth from Calao, there be ing orders, that no:ie but foips of fome force foould ftir out. He told mc the fame ftory that the Captain of the S59 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, ir^o.the Jefus Maria had before, and gave mc to under- ''^ ftand, chat it would be next; to impoflible for me to gee off from che coaft wichouc being caken, Buc to recurn eo che cown. My people were in no greac hur ry to quie it, and, ic being now dark, fomc of ehe Spaniards, who were lurking about the out-flsircs of the cown, hearing fo many fmall arms fired in che road, inftantiy concluded, chac our fliip was accacked, and were in hopes, thac fome of their men of wat were come again to deliver them frpm the hands of their enemies. Upon chefe falfe furmifes, chey began to af femble together; and, being ; apprifed of the fmall number of Englifh afoore, who did not exceed eigh teen, came down the hills in a great fury. At firft hiy pepple, noe doubcing chey were in earneft, took re fuge in ehe biggeft church, refolving to defend them felves chere ; bqt aC lengch ehey rqarched ouc, and formed chemfelv.es inco a fine, kept their drums besic- ing, "and, one of chem firing a mufkee ac random, they fpoiled che Spaniards je&, heard no mqre of ehem, and embarked yery quieely-, From hence we diredled our cpurfe fpr the ifland pf, Gorgonni in che bay of Pa nama ; and, in our paffage chieher, builc a cank, or wooden ciftern, co hold ten cons of water. In our way, we made the ifland of Platen Cape St. Francifco, and Gorgonello, or Little Gorgona ; znd, on December 2, arrived at the ifland of Gorgona iefelf, where we had the advantage of fiUing our wacer-cafks iti ehe boae, che waeer running in fmall ftreams into the fea ; and cue down our wood at high-waccr mark*, fo that, in lefs than forty eight hours, we did our bufinefs. From this place we hurried away, fpr fear of thpfe who, might be in queft of us ; and, haying goc ouc of the track of ehe enemy's -foips, .confulted on the propereft method of proceeding : and th?n che majoricy were for going diredlly for che coafts of Afia. Upon which wtj changed our foip's name from chc Jefus Maria eo ehe Happy Return, and applied all oiir endeavours: towards. quitting thefe coafts ; but the winds and currencs were contrary. ¦to Magellanica. &d. 551 Contrary; and fpme againft ehis mptiori didfo much 1721. damage clandeftiriely co our cank, Chae che greaceft '"'^^ pare of chc wacer leaked ouc; fo thac chis, with conti nual contrary winds, and dead -calms, which had de tained us, till our provifions were much exhaufted, rendered us incapable of undertaking fo long a run : Therefore, to furnifo ourfelves with what we wanted, I propofed a defcent on Rio Lejo, in the latitude of 1 1 degrees 50 minutes north, on the coalt of Mexico ; buc in our way chieher, we accidencally fell in wieh Cape Burica, in che lacicude of 8 degrees 20 minuces north ; and then, on fecond thoughts, judged it would be fafer for us co make fome aceempcs on che ifland of ^ibo; in che latieude of 7 degrees 30 minuces norch, where, by Capcain Rogers's accounc, I gueffed chere were inhabieancs, who lived plentifully oa the produdl of thac ifland. On January 13, 1721, weencered, fays che Capcain, beeween the iflands of Quibo and Quivetta, in tweney fach'bms wacer, Pver againft a fandy bay, which prp mifed us greac conveniencies for wooding and wacer- ing. I therefpre fenc the bpac chieher Co view ic, who reporced, that there was a good clofe harbour a littfe to ehe foueh ; and chac they fiiw rio figns of inhabicants, excepc chree or four hues by che wacer-fidc, which, they fupppfed, had fprmerly been made ufe pf by pearl-fifoers, there being great quantities of mother of pearl-fhells about them. 1 corifidcred the maecer ac- centively, and aTlaft refolved not to fout myfelf up in a clofe harbour, for fear of bad confequences. As i foon as day broke the next morning, we faw two large boats rowing in for Quivetta, one of them having Spanijh colours flying ; which gave me fomc apprehen fions, that they might have fome incelligencc of, and intended to attack us. It may no be amifs to inform the reader here, that the mulattoes on the coaft of Mexico are remarkable for cheir courage, and have fometimes done very bold adlions in fuch fmall imbar- kacions as thefe. However, as to the people we had ta 5^i GEORGE SHEL'VOCKE. ^7^^°^°'^'^^^ they concinued cheir coeirfe, till we faW chem go inco a fmall cove on che ifland of Quivetta ; which, gave us very great facisfaclion, as ic convinced us, that they had no thoughts of attacking our' foiip. The tablqs were rioW turned, and, from contriving' how to defend ourfelves, we began to turn our thoughts on the means of engaging them ; and, afcer a little de bate, whether it would be pi-udent . for us to attack them in our boat, it was refolved, on all hazards, cogo after them in our yawl ; which en tcrprize was com- - manded by Mr. Brooks.^ firft lieutenant, who found them all afhore,, brought away their piraguas, and two prifoners ; the one a mulatto, the other a negro. The reft fought for refuge in the \yoods. We took all their prpvifions, which confifted of a littie pork, and fome green, ripe, and dried plantains. There was a large quantity of the latter, which, being pounded, made a a grateful flour to the tafte, indifferently white.; and; all together, made up a month's bread. The mulatto mortified, us very much, by telling us, that a veffel, laden with provifions, had paffed very near to us in the night; to make amends^ he prpmifed to condudl us to a place, where we might fupply ourfelves with out hazard, provided wc were npt above two or three days about it ; wherefore we were very brifk in get ting our wood and water. On January x6, we weigh ed from hence for Mariato, that being the name of the place we were bound to. In going out from Qui bo, we were in imminent danger of being horfed by the current upon two rocks, lying at a fmall diftance from one another off the northermoft ppint of Quivet ta ; but having cleared them, we fteered thrpugh Canal Bueno, ox the Good Channel, fo called from its fafety, beino- free from dangerous fooles and rocks. It might as properiy be called the Straights of Quibo, whieh form the weftern fide of it, extending about eight or nine leagues north and foueh. Over againft the fouth entrance off thefe ftraights, at the diftance qf a league from Point Mariato,^ which is the weftermoft point of the TO MAGELLANICA, eff. 553 the gulf of St, Martin, lies the ifland of Sebaco, which ^T^^- is, to ehe beft of my judgemene, abouc cen leagues in ^""^ circumference. I ran along che foueh-cnd of it, and found every poinc flac ae leaft a league from che fliore ; and, on chc 1 9eh in chc, evening, we got fafe in be tween Mariato and che ifland Sebaco, and anchored in fix fachoms wacer, over againft a green field ; which is inftrudlion fufficiene, chere being buc thac clear fpoc thereaboues. Our piloc defired we mighc be going ae leaft ehree hours before day- lighc, and ehac chen wc foould be in good time ac ehe plancations. According ly, I wenc ae Cwo ehe nexe morning in our boae, and ordered ehe cwOjlieuccnancs in chc two piraguas, leaving my fon, and a fevf wjch him, Co cake care of chc foip. Our pilot, having us in charge, carried us up fome part of the river of St. Martin, arid out of that, into feveral branches of narrow creeks, amongft many groves, where we had not room to row. I could by no mearis approve of this navigation, and therefore kept a ftridt eye upon our guide, and was ready to fufpedl, that he ' had no good defign in his head. We landed juft ar day- break, and, when we came ori the barik, found purfelves in a fine Savannah or plain; and, after a march of abqut ehree miles, eame eo cwo farm-Houfes": bue chofe belonging Co eherii made eheir efcape, excepc che wife and children of one houfe. We had che fatis fadtion of feeing, chac chis place anfwered che defcrip tion chat had been given us of it, being furrounded by numerous herds of black cattle, hqgs, and plenty of fowls of all forts, together with fome dried beef, plantains, and Indian, coxn ; and, fqr the preferiC, we were entereained wieh a breakfaft of hoc cake and milk ; a dice we had been long, unacquainied with. When ic was broad day, I faw our foip clofe by us ; upon which I , afked our mulatto. How he came to bring us fo far abouc ? who anfwercd, Thac chere was , a, river between. us ; and that he did not know whether it wasfordable qr not. I therefore fent fome to try, who ¦found it was not above knee-deep : "Wherefore, to a- VoL, III, 4 A v©i«l 554 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, '^2, void earthing our plunder fo far 'by land and waCer, I ' ' prdced, thac oi>r boacs foould row ouc of ehe river of St. Martin, and come Co che beach over againft the foip, Wc had noe been long here, before we had ehe mafter of the family in cuftody, who broughe horfes wieh him, and defired we would make ufe of him in any thing he could' ferve us. This offer was kindly received : and 1 prcienely employed him co carry whai: I choughe fiteo our boac. This done, he wenc among his black cacele, and broughe us what number I thoughc we could fave ; for yve had bue little fait, ancl ,1 could not afford vvater eo keep them alive whfn we came to fea ; fo ehac, as foori as ehey were on board, they were killed, and their flefo preferved by ctiecing ic in long flips, of ehe chitkriefs of one's finger, arid then fpringhng ie wich fo fmall a quantity ef fait, thac we did riOc ufe above foiir or five pouh'ds co loq weight. Having lee ie lie cogecher e>yb or three hours, we hung it up co dry in ehe fun two or ehree days fuc ceffively ; which' perfedlly faved it, which could noc have been done in any other way, by any qthef quantity of chc beft falc."' As wc had now done all wc propofed, we departed froni hence the npxe niorning, wiCh our decks full pf fowls arid hogs, ahipngft which one had his navel ort his back ; which, the Spaniards fay, Wheri' wild in the wppds, is a terrible creature tP meet with, althpugh, ac cheir full groweh, ehey are buc fmall. We recurned by ehe fanie way'ehac we came, chrough Ca nal Bueno, and made a'ftop ac j^/^o, to complcce Our water; and^ when we failed, gave our two prifoners the largeft piragua, thac ' chofe ftill remaining ae Qui vetta niight recurn frorri whence ehey came. Bue I muft hereihfprm'my reader, thac ehe wine and brandy we had taken, had worked fo brifkly With my foip's company, as to divide chefo inCo tWo parcids, iriveterace JO ehe laft degree one againft' another, who ufed to be fo firmly united at firft; infomuch that 1 have had, in Orie night's time, the ringleaders of both of them de- firing me to efppufe their caufe, both affuring me, ¦ „ ¦ , ' ' thac TO MAGELLANICA, &c. ssS that chc other had a defign on my life ; and urged me 172a. to take the opportunity to murther thofe, who were '^"^^ hot of their fadlion. It is even unaccountable to my- " felf, how the mifchief was diverted ; for 1 could ufe no means, but fpeaking calmly to chem on boeh fides, and fuffer ehem (indeed ie was ouc of my power co hin der it) to get drunk as often as they would ; and, in that condition, they have often, all together, been fkirmifoing vvith each other ; and 1 have had, more than once, my cloaths aimoft lorn off my back in en deavouring to part them. It was happy,, chac chis crade did noe lait long ; for,' while chey had any ching eo drink; 1 judged ic unfafe Co lay my head on my pil low ; which aimoft wearied me ofit of my life. But their free accefs to ehe liquor foorcened che Ccrm of chis miferable way of paffing our cime ; and chough, while ie held, it was attended by fome vexatious con fequences, yet it had chis one good effedt, chac ic help ed off wieh ehe liquid evil aC a great race. Necefli- tous hunger obliged ehem eo adl joinely and vigoroUfly together at Mariato ; but, after having glucted chem felves a day or two, they relapfed again, and were as diflradled as ever, though noW in the midft of a mo derate plenty. My lart.d, as well as fea officers, were now obliged to learn, at leaft, how to fteer, in order to take their turns with the feamen. Such was the pafs they had now brought themfelves to; for, by finking my authority, they had abfolutely loft their own, and Were even in a worfe fituation than 1 ; inafmuch as the crew, for their own fakes, were obliged to have re courfe to me upon all emergencies, obeying me punc tually whilft thofe lafted, and abufing mc plentifully as foOn as chey were over- On che 25ch of January in chc morning, we difeo Vercd a fail abouc two leagues co ehe leeward: We gaytf ehem chace till fuch time as we difcovered ehey were Europe builc ; and then, fearing foe mighc be one of che enemies men of war, I clapped on a wind, and in half an hour ie fell calm. We fopn after faw a bpat 4 A 2 rowing 55^ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 'J^'!?^'/'^ towards us, which proved the pinnace of Our ^Confort che Succefs, commanded by eheir firft licuccnanc Mr. Davidfon. This ineervie'w ama2ed us both ; he was furprifed to find me in fuch a condition, and f no lefs at finding him in thofe feas, [Here is given a long narrative of the difputes that happened betwixt Captains^ Shelvocke and Clipperton, but as theft have beenmentioned in Clipperton's voyage, they are omitted in this. On che 3och of March we found ourfelves before chc port of Sanfonnate •. ft was aboue fun-fecwhen wc look ed inco chis harbour, where we difcovered a foip of good fize, lying at anchor : Upon chis, as ic was a fine . moon-lighc evening, I fene my firft lieutenant, with fome of our beaft hinds, in the yawl, to fee what fhe was. The boat had not been long gone before we heard the guns fired ; and foon after my lieutenant re turned, and reported, foe was a ftout large foip, with one tire of guns ae leaft, 'Wc lieele regarded their ftrength, or our own weaknefs, believing our neceffities would make us a match for her ; and t'rierefpre 1 con tinued plying in all night, and prepared to engage her. At fun-rifing, ehe land-breeze blew fo frefo off the foore, ehac wc worked in buc flowly; in ehe mean time, we received all cheir fire upon every board we made, Wichouc making ehem. ehe leaft recurn, and cheir boae was employed eocranfporc foldiers from che foore CO ehe foip. They hoifted- a jar, of aboiit ten gallons of powder and match, at each main and fore .yard arms, and bowfprit end, to let fall on our decks, \.., if we boarded them ; which contrivance, if it had ta ken effedt, would have foon made an end of both foipS and thofe that were in ehem. Seeing chem fo defpe rate in their .preparations to receive us, I cduld not but expedl a warm. difpute ; but, as our cafe would not admic any negledl of whac offered, though at ever fb hazardous a race, eheir contrivances for defence did noc much difmay us. Abouc eleven in che morning chc fea-breeze came in; and, ehac I might make our fmall farce the moft beneficial to us, I ordered ouc ehree guns TO MAGELLANICA, 6-^. 557 |uiis eo be brpught pver On ehe fide we were like cp tjaa.' engage chem ;' and, being wiehin mufqueC-fooe, dif- "-"^ charaedehcm: The fea-breeze frefoing ran us upon thetn very faft, whilft our friiall-arms Were effedtually , employed eo break ehe powder-jars before we adtually boarded chem ; which we did wichouc delay ; and, after the exchange Of a few foot, when aboard of each other, they fubmitted. This fliip was called the Sacra familia, of three hundred Cons, fix guns, and fevency men. She had a greae number of fmaU-arms, grenade- foefls, and fooc ; they had been for fome time arrived from Calao, wich wine and brandy ; buC had now no thing in her bue fifty jars of gun-powder, a fmall parcel of ruflc, and jerked beef: In foore, foe could hardly be faid co be worth the trouble we took, or the rifque we ran ; but foe having the charadter of a bet cer failor, and vifibly beccer ficced chan ours, I chan ged foips, and we all wenc on board our prize, which had been equipped in chc warhkc manner we found her, and commiffioned on purpofe to take us, if foe foould chance to meet us in her way. Our fmall-arms (to do juftice to my people) were handled with the gr#ateft dexterity ; but, being employed moftly in foattering the powder-jars, that the combuftible mat ter in them might fall into ehe waeer, chere was none killed buc che boacfwain, and only one flighely wound ed ; but, if our fmall-arms had noe been fo ufcfully diverced, chere could noc have failed of being a confi derable flaugheer amongft ehem ; on our pare, we did flo,e receive chc leaft damage. We were in creacy for fe veral weeks for a ranfom, and co purchafe provifions from the, Spaniards, on ehis coaft; buc ehey having de- cained an officer and fome of our men, wc failed on A- pril 25eh,when we came up with che ifland of Cano, in chelatitude of nine degrees norch, which, by chc verdure ofic, promifed to yield us water, if we could get our canoe afoore. Under hopes of fuccour from this liccle ifle, wc came CO an anchor on ehe norch-weft fide of it,' and irwas as much as we could do to hand our fails 5S^ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, »72?- faiisi ftdp the cable, i^c. We foon began to iriiagirie! ^-^i^that ivetoiild fee a run of waeer ; buc^ ae the fame time, drisaded chc dangerous furf. Which broke on che beach all rOurid chofe pares we had feen of ic. Never thelefs; Mr. i?fl«i/i2/ was fenc wich fomc jars, Co cry what could be done ; buc chey noc recurning till ie WaS very lace ae night, I was fearful ehey were loft; or chat, not finding water chere, chey wete gOrie to che corieinene ; bue Co my unfpeakablefacisfadlion; chey came aboard wich their jars filled. Any One may gUefs the excefs of joy which there muft naturally be among men who were thus opporeunely delivered from the hands of death ; but, as they did not bring above fixty or fe venty gallons of it, I took care co reftrain chem from the ufe of ie, allowing eo each man only a quarc; to be immediaeely diftributed co them. Whac made me more ftridl in chis was, chac Mr." Randal affured me, that the breakers were fo hazardous, that he believed we fhould noc be able Co gec any more ; buc chat very night we chanced to have a fhower of rain, which we made ehe beft ufe of, by .cacching whac we could of it in foeees, blankecs, &c. During this chirft, we con ftantiy wifoed for rainy weather, and had often gcfcd reafon eo expedl ic by louring black clouds, which ' feemed every minuce Co be ready co difcharge cheir burehens ; yec never did before Co any purpofe. Be ing willing CO make another effay the next day, I fent the boatfwain, and fome with him, to make a fecond attempt; but, after having been quite round the ifland; and wafted the whole day in fearch of a fmooth-bcach; he could not fee one fpot where he might venture on fliore. Therefore, chinking we had a ftock fufficient eo carry us co Quibo, which was aboue chirey leagues from us, I weighed ehe nexe day, and, in ranging near the ifland, few a fmooch beach, which induced mc cd fend ehe boae a chird time, chac wc mighc be provided againft fuch concrary ciirrencs or calms as wc might rneee wieh in dur way : accordingly ehey wene artd filled nine jars ; which done, we held our way co the fouch- eaftward, in a few days arrived at ^ibo, and an chored TO M A G E L L A N I C A, ^f. 559 anchored at che fame place where we had been Cwice 1722- before. We purfued our bufinefs of wooding and watering in ehis ifland preecy cheerfully, and yec wichouc being in any greac hurry, for feyeral reafons ; buc ehe prin cipal was, that as wc were now wiehin fourfcore leagues of Panama, ic was very requifice co deliberaee ferioufly on our fcheme of furrendering chere Co ehe Spaniards, fince we all knew, ehac ehis ftep once caken, chere would remain no room for deliberation afterwards. "Wc confidered, that , the very fituatiori of this place afforded us many advantages ; for Panama is by no mearis ftrong cowards chc fea, and, chereforc, having a good foip, we choughe ie would be no difficulc mac ter CO feccle ehe eerms of che creacy while we continued ae a diftance. On che i5ch of May, a fmall bark, caking us for Spaniards, bore down co us. The mafter of her was hiighcily furprifed, when he found his miftake ; but foon recovered, when he learned we were bourid for Panama; and readily offered co piloc us chieher, as he was bound for chac port. This veffel was cafled the Holy Sacrament, arid came laft from Cheriqui, laden wieh dried beef, pork, and hogs. He defired I would take her in tow, complaining chac che currencs drove him off foore ; fo chac he could noe fecch ehe land, eho' .he had coriftane fight of ie ; and chae, by ehis means; all his live cacele v/ere aimoft dead for wane of waeer ; and thac foe was, ac che fame cime, fo leaky, chac his ' peopfe were no longer able co ftand ae che pumps. Upon hearing of chis, I took her inco tow, and kept the mafter of her on board, fending fome of my hands to affift them ; and fpared them as much water and In dian coxn as 1 couy. It may appear ftrange, that this opportunity of fupplying ourfelves with provifions did riot make ari alteratipn in our intended proceedings ; but every one was fo tired of the fea, fo worn out by a continual wane of all neceffaries, and diflieartcncd bv ouc 5^0 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, i722.our perpetual misfortunes, that-^they were willing to ^""^ embrace any opporcunicy of going afoore at any race. Indeed, as to myfelf, I was glad, chaC ehis bark fell inco our hands ; becaufe, if we found chc governour of Sanfonate's news Co be falfe, we might be thorough ly enabled, by chis help, eo go to India, To ehis end, I defigned Co anchor a great way fliore of the cown, , and kee{j poffeffion of the Holy Sacrathenl, in- cafe che prefidene foould noc have complied with fuch eerms as I eflieeiried fafe and honourable ; and chen we foould have it in our povver cq redrefs ourfelves, by keepino- oue of cheir hands.' BUC; afl chis while, we had no^ decermined who foould be ehe perfon inerufted wieh the 'flag of truce ; for my people, having known fo much creachery adled amongft chemfelves, were ap- ptehenfive ehe perfon fenc would only make his oWn cafe good CO che governor, and noe recurn again. There fore, after all, my fon was choughe ehe propereft cq gq, as being fure of his return, if it was purely for my fake. This, arid' many other objedlions, were ftarted, that cOuld noe be fo eafily removed ; not- withftandirig wc kept on our Way, fixed in our refo.. lutiori. i On the i7ch, another bark came down upon us, ftood pretcy near us, and then foeered off again. U- pOn Which, I fene Mr. Randalin our canoe, eo inform them of our defign; but they np fepner faw him ap proaching ehem, than they hoifted Ijpanip colours, arid fired. ' The nexe morning, we looked inco ehe bay, .to fee if foe had ;lain ae anchor chere all nighc ; and, as foon as foe fa-w us coming, foe renewed her fire. U- pOja which,' ac his own requeft, I fenc ehe mafter of our bark; with four negroes, in a canoe, with>a flag of crude, to inform them of our int^tions. A gale of ' wind interrupted this difpute, and, at laft forced the canoe we fent on fliore, without danger, I dare fay; to their lives ; for they feemed to make this their choice. On tht 1 9th', we faw a fail a- head of us, ftanding along- focre: TO MAGELLANICA, 6c. 56' jChorc : Upon which,we let go the bark we had in tow, 1722. and fpread all the fail we could ; fo that, by night, we^"^ were ae a confiderable diftance from our bark, which had four of our own people, and five Spaniards in it. I was for lying-by in the" night, that our own veffel might com? up ; but my company differed from me, and it was carried by a great majority that wc foould continue to croud fail all night ; fo that, by day-break on the 26th|, we were within leis than gun-foot of the chace. 1 immediately ordeied our colours to be fpread., fired a gun eo leeward, and fene a man upon our poop co wave a. flag of cruce ; buc ehey, upon ehe firft fighe of our Englifh enfign, fired ae us, and fo continued eo do, wich eheir decks full of men, hollowing, and abufing us wieh the groffcft appellations. Noewichftanding chis, I made no return, until I came clofe upon their quar cer, and then fent one of their countrymen to the bolifprit-end, co inform them in Spanifh, that we were bound tq Panama ; and defired to treac peaceably with them; and -hoped, at leaft, that, they would have fome regard to the white flag, which they faw flying .:Blie. ftill they continued their fire; and^-Borachos, and Perps fnglefes, \. e. Drunkards, and Englifh- Dogs, was all we could; get from them : And perceiving, that the more complaifant our deportment was, the more inhumanly they infulted us, I conceived it fufl time to begin with them; and therefore met chem with, our helm, and foon convinced chem of cheir error, and^ in a word, gave ehem fo warm a.recepeion, chat chey fliecred round off from us. We j'uft miffed geeeing hold of them ; bue, ic faifing almpft calm, we concinued our engagemenc for the fpace of Cwo or three hours, ac,|he diftance of a mufkec-foot: But ae length a breeze, wait ing us near cp ehem, we found, as f^lt as we approach ed, eheir courage cooled. Buc cheir Capcain, ftill bravely perfifting, and encouraging them, and expo- .fing himfelf in the moft open manner, v/is at length 'foot through the. body, and dropped down dead. U- pon this, they immediately, with one voice, cried out * Vol. HI. 4 B for 5^2 GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 1722- for quarter, artd put an end to our difpute. We (fqitr- '"^^ manded them to hoift oue their launch ', but they ari fwered, that' eheir tackfe;, and all cheir t-iggirtg in ge neral, were fo foattered, that they «ot»kl ndcjjoffibly^ 'do ic in any time. Therefore we hoifted ouc our ca-^' noe, which we had taken out 6i the Hifly Saeranient the day beforcs and Mr.Li?«»i^4 And two or three tttore, wenc in her on board che prize. They, found all the prifoners in che moft fubmiffive pofture, aflciiig mercy; whieh they eould have no great caufe to expedl, after their diredt breaeh of the laws of arms and nation's. Mr. Randall fent away the moft e«nfiderabfeof the pri foners, who ittfermed me, that their fliip was called the le Conception de Recovay belonging; to Qilat^, but came laft from Guanchaco, of che butch en of 200 cons, laden wich flour; loavts of fugar, boxes of marnielade, fars of .preferved peaches, grapes, limes, &e. mounced' fixcy guns, and had feventy odd men, well provided with fmalUarms, ^f. and was, in pareicular, one of thpfe foips, which were fitted out in an extraordanary, manner, and commiffioned tp take us ; fo that fiie was the fecond bf thofe warlike mefcbant foips we had ta ken. In this engagemeof, the Spanift Captsain and a negroe was killed, and one or two fl'ghtly wounded; but their rigging, mafts, and fails, were much difa- ¦bled, particulariy cheir foremaft, which, by a foot that paffed through the body of ic, was much foatcered; On our part, there was lictie or. no hurt done, except to our gunner^ ;who was flightly woundcLd in the fore head by a piftol-balli'and bur main-maft, which hada fmall piece, parried: out of the fide of it. We had hovf eighty prifoners of all colours, and not above twenty- fix of ourfelves./' Wlieh the Sp'anifti"-$entk.men.'camt on board, chey would, rioc give rae eime to afk't-herrr; how it came to pafs, that *h'ey would not hearken to our peaceable. offers i but fell co eJf'cufing thenofelvcs,' and laying all the fault upon their dead;Gaptain Don Jofeph Deforio, whoyowetfin a.paflion, thachewpuld haue no^srms, bui; his own-; and that he ;,vvould take' to MAGELLANICA, d"<:. S^i .Os by farce. And indeed it is my opinion, that ehis 1722. was chc inclination of all of chem, till they found our ftrength ; and then, feeing cheir own cafe defperace, would have been for a parly, Amongft our prifoners, we had feveral of note, particularly Don Baltazzar de "* 'Abarca Ganie de la Rofa, an European riobleman, who had been for fome cime Governour of Plfs, on che coaft nfperu, and was now upon his recutri to Spain ; and Captain Morell, who had formerly been caken by Capi* Cain Rogers, &c. All of ehem were treaced with ehe uemoft civilities, which they woridercd ac ; becaufe, from a prejudice chey had againft our cruizers, and from a felf -convifition of eheir own behaviour towards chdr prifoners, they could not expedl bue eo have beea deale wich very roughly. In this ficuatipn, we were in lilie very crack pf all the * foipping bpund to Panama, not above thirey miles from tbac place, few in number, arid pare of us fick j «U which confideracions moved us co be as expeditious as pofiible" in exatnining the contents of our new prize the Conception ; .and, though the beft part of the wprk was done by our prifoners, yet it cook us up full ewo days. We were, by ehis .-means,; as well as by fainc winds, and ftark calms, hindered from rejoining our bark, till che aad. As we bore down towards her, and came preety. near, we were extremely furprifed Co fee chac, foe only came eo, arid fell off, alehough all her foils were fee ? and' what amazed us moft was, that wefaw nobody ftirring in her. As- foon as he came up with her, 1 fenc the boat on board ; and Che officer thac wene iri her, immediately called put eo me, chac there was rio foul in her ; buc ehat her decks and quar^ ters were covered with blood. This was a melancholy hearing, fince ic plainly appeared, by many circum- ^arxces, d\at the Spanijh crew h^d murdered thofe of my people, .who were fenc co,affift th<:riii A cruel re turn for:oar'civilieies and fervices to chem ! Ie feemed ftrange eo me, chat qur meri fhould run the leaft ha-^ *ard pf expofing themfelves to be thUS'' butchered ; for 4 B »- ehey SH GEORGE SHELVOCKE, 'il!i'^^^^^ ^^""^ ^°"'" '" """"ber, completely armed, arid there were but five of the Spanift) crew, two' of whont ^ere boys. Thefe vife wretches doubtiefs took the op portunity cf the Englift) being loft in fleep, and then murdered them, not doubting but they foould meet with thanks and encouragement for fo foul a barbarity. The namesof chofe chus -deftroyed were John Giles^ John Embin,. John PVilliams, and George Ghappel. Buc ic is very probable, chae chefe murdererspaid wich eheir lives for chofe they had caken away ; for, beirig above four leagues from ehe land, and having nohoac, they probably jumped inco the fea on the. appearance of our- foip, thinkiiig they foould meet immediate death, if they had fallen into our power, as a juft reward for fo horrid a crime; which they themfelves were fo fen-* fible of, that they endeavoured to hide the decks, , which was dyed with gore all over, by throw'ing the flocks out of beds over it ; fo that, till they were re- - moved, 'the blood was not to be feen. This tragical accident was the caufe of a general melancholy amoiicrft us, and fpoiled the fatisfaiJlion we had enjoyed a day or two paft, on account of our lare prize. 'Our prifo ners, feeing fueh an univerfal fudden change in us, be.* gan to be alarmed, and looked at each oeher, as if they all expedled eoundergo che fame face our unhappy companions had mec with. This, made me fearful, on the' other fide; left their dreadful apprehenfions of our revenge upon them, fliould ftir cheui up to offer ac fonve defperate actempt upon us, they beingeighcy in nutiiber, and we not above feventeeu .on board, at that time, andj when wc were altogether, not above ewenty-five, ehac could itand on cheir legs : 1 hertfore I was directly forced to foow fome heat, in ordering all our prili-ntrsto go into the ftern-gallery, (which vvas_ very large) except thenobieman, and fo.me.of tiie chief of them, whilft- we kept guaid in the great cabin. The Spanifh f^er.dtmyi, -who were not confined, in a very , moving manner, lamented to me the unhappy deaths of my iiien, and their ov,-n, hard face, in having been in , TO Magellanica, ^c, 565 in fome meafure, eye-witneffes of this bloody murder; 1722. and let fall fome exprefhons, whereby I perceived, that ^'''^ they were afraid, that 1 intended t© foewiome feverities towards their people on this occafion.- Having a good interpreter between us, 1 affured them, that, if I had fo revengeful an inclination, the laws of my country would reftrain me from putting it in execution ; that 1 -adted by yirtuc of my king's commiflion, who, in his orders forbad, in ehe ftridleft manner, afl adls of inhumanicy or oppreffion cowards our prifoners ; which affurance, I defired, mighc make chem perfedlly eafy: And ehey folemnly promifed, ehac, if ie was poffible any of chofe murderers could be found living, che two kingdoms of Peru and Mexico foould be alarmed to bring them to juftice ; and begged of me Co chink my felf fecure as Co chemfelvcs, and the reft of their coun trymen my prifoners, who would fooner fuffer any, thing, than harbour any thought that might be pre judicial to our lives and hberties, even though they fhould have the moft encouraging opportunity of put ting it in execution ; and aflured me, on their honour, thac they thought they foould never be able to make a juft return for the generous entertainment they had met with from me. Notwithftanding this, I took fomc meafures to fecure our prifoners of the meaner fort; and then haled the Holy Sacrament along-fide of us. She was half-full of water, and the greateft part of her dried beef was wet, andfpoiled : but, all that was not damaged we rook out, together with fome iivehogs, arid then gave her to Don Beltazzar de Efpina, who, by the death oiC-iptam Jofeph Deforio, became commander of the Cot- ception; and, that night, kept a ftridler watch than we had before, tliough none of us had fcarce any fleep fince we had taken this foip. The next day, being as v.'iliing to get rid of them, as they were to have their .fnip ;ellored Co ehem, and purfue eheir voyage, I de- ' livered the Cmception into the poffeffion of Don Baltaz zar. de Efpma, &c. after having taken out other twelve inonrhs provifion of bread, flour, fugar, and Iwect,-. iTicacs ^66 GEOR-GE SHELVOCKE, »722. meats, and a like proportion for the Sveeefs, which i expected to ftnd at the Tres Mmas. I likewife took away their launch, and their negroes, to affift us in th'c management of our flijp, kr©wingj thac we could not well hpJd out much looser; if the work was not made eaficr ; and, fince we had a Wge foip, and a run of iJS degrees eo fail, I thought we could do no other, than reinfiirce ourfelves by the alFiftance of tlfefe blacks, who are commpnly gpod failors in thofe parts ; and * indeed, as it afterwards happened, we foould never have reached the coafts of 4'?fl. c* any other land; without them. - , Ic was not only an adl of gcufirOfity cowards our Sptimfl} prifoners, but an adt of prudcrice alfo wieh re gard to our own condudl, the parting;<,as wc did, with the Conceptm, and all on board her. They were but three days in our poffciSon, and in thac cime treaced with fo mUch humanity, that we had the Uttprmoft rea fon to believe ehey retained a grateful fenfe of our kind- nefs. The grcaepoipt now to be managed, was eo ob-i tain the confent of my pepple eo fail as far north as Cd- '¦ liforHia, heiore our "mttndedvoyage to the Eaft -Indieh \ for which, if we were not in as good a conditbn as wc ^ could wifo, we were, a leaft, in a becter than we were before, or than, all things confidered, wc had any rea* fon eo expedl, fince wc had a good foip, fifteen guns, ammunition enough co fupply them, and a reafonable quantity of provifions. "Wt ftill wanted, however, "" Ibmcwhac co complete our wood and water for fo long a voyage; fo that the procuring this was naturally our firft care. The foip's comj^ny thought of going to the ifland of .^dbo, which was, indeed, die neareft place eo us.: But ehe going chieher was accended wieh two greae inconveniencies : Of thefe, the firft was the danger of. the toad ; which, as the ftatmy feafon was coming on, and wc were buc very indifferently provi-> ded wirfi ground-cackling, muft have expofed us- Co many dangers: The, fecond, chaC; as the ifland of ^ihe was a.t a very fm'all ,,diftance from Panama, wc . , , ' had TO magellanica, iff, s6f M reafon to fear the Spat»ards Mfould fend a foip of 1723.1 ^ar from thence in fearch of us ; which would have ^'"^ put aft end to all our defigns, fince we had now no fur ther hopes of there being a pea<:e, and confequently had laid afid© all theogHts of furrendering. Upon thefe confidcratHnns, it was detcrfnined tp ply up co C^na ; jvhere, having a goed boar, we focn did our bufinefs. From this we faifed for the coaft of Califspda, where we arrived the 1 ich of Au^ft. On ehe i^cfe, we made the harbour ol Pafrftj 5*gar<}, where, having careened the foip, wood$d and waeered by afftftance of the na tives, in five days time, we took our departure fcor^ ifhis place for Cape St, Lucas, in our way to Cbina^ or^ the 18th of fame month. On chc a I ft, Tiye difcovered an ifland, bearing weft- fouch-w«eft» 110 leagues diftant from Cape St. Lucas s 1 endeavoured cq get in wich it, but could not approach ie nearer than ihi diftance of two leagues ; arid, the night coming on, and it blowing very frefo, I did not think It proper co lofe fo much way, as we might in the nighc, by lying by, qr plying in, for ic. 'i judged it to be feven or eight leagues in circumference; on the fouth-weft of it there appeared a large 'bay, with an high rock in ehe middle of it. This ifle my people . , called SWvtfif^e's Iflarid, after my name. From hence we fteered do wri gradu^ly, ioco chc parallel of 13 de grees norch, hue had our way ftopped for cwo or chree days by wefterly winds, which none could ever have ex pedled in fucb latitudes, and at a diftance of 3 or 600 feagues from any land. We gifcw impatient . at fuch an uncomrtion delay, and began to dread meet ing with many fuch concrary winds, in this paflage. We made feveral conjectures on what might be ehe caufe =ofie, buenofle chac were very probable; butchc trade-wind prevailing again, we kept in the crack of 13 degrees north, excepc when we judged ourfelves to» be near che fooles of 5;. BArihelom-av, and theh h-jfed a degree more northv, i;dly, and fo continued for a rti.T <>f aboue lixty or fe-v.,,5y fe»gu«s.-. A ferinight after -wc had SH GEORGE SHELVOCKE, ^^'^^'^^^^^^^^o^'ii^ii^y people, who hadt hitherto env joyed ^n uninterrupted ftate pf health, began tp be afilidled with a .fick.nefs which parricularly affeded their ftomachs, whieh was, undoubtedly, owing to the quantities of fweetmeats they were continually deyour-' ing ; and alfo to our common food, puddings made of very coarfe flour, -and fweetmeats, and falc wacer in ftead of frefn eo moiften chem; and dried beef, the beft pare of which was defl;royed by aucs, cockroches, and oeher vermin. We could noc afford frefo waeer co bpil ehe keetie once in ehe whole paffage ; fo ehac chis way of living broughe che fcurvy and other diftempers upon us, which was a very melancholy ftate. . This ficknefs increafed upon us every day, infomuch that, putpf pur fmall riunnber, we buried two in one day, which were John-Poppleft^ne^ the armourer, and the carpencer'^ mace ;- -befides whom, the carpeneer, gunngr, and fe- veral.oehers,. cogeCher.'Wich fpnie of pur beft negrpes, died,..!., i , " ' V •,,- . . ¦ , ,, " ' - • We ripw laboured'.under ehe greaceft misforcune^ that could happen to, us, ehe greaceft pare of my peo ple being ^ifabled, and my foip being very leaky ; and wc had .juft ae ehis cime ehe ill luck eo have qnedf our pumps ^lic, and rendered ufelefs : Under chefe unhap py circumftances were we pufoed forward by favoura ble gales, cill We came within eighty leagues of Guam., one of the Ladrone Iflands, wher^ we met with difmal weather, tempeftuous wirids, varying round the com-, pafs : This was the ijtore frightful to us, .ai we were not in a condition of helping ourfelves, there not be ing above f\-& or feven that were able to do any work, thpugh neceflity o'bliged eyen thofe that were cx.treme- ly low and weak to lend what help they could. Thefe boifterous gales had raifed a fea, wherein our foip la boured fp much, that the knee of h&Tjhead, and ehe whofe beak-head, became loofe ; fo chae che bolelpri: fecched away, and playing with Che motion of ehe foip, continued fo to dp all the reft pf the time we were at fea:- Our main-maft fljppd fpr fpme time without foroyds TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 5^9 flirouds on ehe larboard-fide, till we cpuld unlay qur i7i2' beft cable CP make mpre, having knotced and fpliced the old ones, till our labour was in vain. In the midft of ehis I was caken violenely ill, and had no expedla tion of living much longer, till ehe goue feizing me, gave me fome painful hopes of ehe continuance of my life. In ehe beginning of Odlober, wc made chc ifland oiGuam, lOO leagues fliore of Capcain Rogers's account^ who makes 195 degrees difference of lorigitude be tween this and Cape St. Lucas, and we did noe mak;e quice loo degrees, We paffed beeween che fprpmen- eioned ifle and Serpana, and faw feveral flying proesi bue none came near us ehac day: We had heavy fqual ly weacher, which pbhged me cokeepche deck, where; in chc rain, I caughe a cold, which ehrew pic into a worfe condition than before, iri which I concinued all the eime I was in China. The ifland of (7w keep che laiid clofe aboard all da'yj and come to' ari anchor every evening ; which was a mighty fatigue to'. our fhip's company, whp were fp uriivei^fally down with' the diflemper reigning amonglt us, that it W.a.Si as much as we cpulddo tq find ahy one CO fteer ehe foip : Thus' we were fpur days loft iri the foift, and furprifed at rhe ftght of a greae many Iflands; which were omicted, iri bur charts, on fome of which we faw large fortifica tipns : This riiade. us believe, "that the currenc had carried us' Co ehe fouchwa:rd of our pprt, andfyggefted to us every ching thac mighc eaft us'dowtv; for, eho* the fea was frovCred wichyfiihing-barks, we coqld noc find any of them that could fet us right, or give us any diredtions wc could uriderftand- On the loth, to wards the evening, as we were pafling through a very narfOw channel, between a couple of iflands,: a fifher-.; man chac was near us-, obferving by our manner of workiijig, chat We were" afraid to venture through, madefignsto us with his cap to' bring to, till he came up with us: When he came, he feemed Co underftand, in general, that we inquired of him, about che fituation • of M^cao; arid therefore made figns to us, thac he -would, condud us thither,, if we would give hini as ,'"'¦; ' • many TO MAGELLANICA, (^c SJi rfbny pieces of filver, as he counted lieele fifo ouC of «722' his baflicc, which amounted CP forey : We accprdingly '"'^ couneed ouc forty dollars in an hae, and gave ehem eo him ; upon which he came irieo ehe fhip, cook ua in charge, carried us ehrdugh ehe narrpw channclj and, ae fun-fee, broughe us co an anchor : The next riiorning we weighed again, and kepc ehe main land of China clofe aboard ; and, ac noon, he broughe us abreaft of Pulo Lantoon, from whence we could fee ewo Englifh foips under fail, who were paffing by chc ifland of Macao, in their way from che river of Canton. They took no notice of us, and kepc on cheir way : This made us very uneafy, fearinji chaC we foould mifs of a paffage Co England this feafon. The r^exe day, in che afternoon, we anchored in ehe road of Macao, near the' entrance of che river of Canton, which we never foould, have found oue by any bf our charts. I much dmire ac the incorreclnefs with which thefe coafts arc laid down to the eaftward of Pulo Lantoon ; for there runs a cluftef of iflands, extending upwards of, twenty leagues, which are not in the leaft, taken rtotice of by our hydrographers ; nOr did 1 ever meet Wich any na- vigacor ehac knew any ching of chem. ,, The coaft of China, near them, is rocky, mounrainous, and bar ren ; butj as to the particular fituation pf thefe ifles, my ficknefs hindered all the obfervation 1 foould have made of chem. Macao being. a place where foips al ways ffop for a piloc co carry chem up ehe river of Can~ ton, I fenc an officer with a compHment to che Gover nour, and with orders to bring off a piloc wich him ; bue I heard noching of him till che nexe morning, which gave me many difquiee apprehenfions^ - Onche i2ch, aboue noon, a piloc. came off to us, and we immediately weighed, and entered the river of Canton, being affured, thac chere ftill remained fome European ihips ae iVampo^ where they lie in this river, about ten miles foort of che ciey of Canton. \y'e were , four days plying up to che road, beeween the : lower bars; where, finding the Bonetta and Haftings, two 4- ^ * ^£nzlij~ 57Z GEORGE SHELVOCKE, \ . ¦ ' i. * 1^22. Englijh Indian craders, I anchored, and fent an ofEceafo '""^^ to defire them eo inftrudl us how cO behave ourfelves in chis port, arid to acquainc me with the cuftoms of ic : To which chey anfwei-cd, ehac fmce t\ie Cadogan and 'Francis, cwo European Englijh foips, were lying aC IVam- pe, chey would advife me co fend up to their fadloncs &t.Canion, to acquairtt chem of our arrival, and the rea fons which obliged me co come chieher: Which I ac cordingly did the nexe day, and bprrowed one of eheir flags, to hoift in our boae, without which we foould have met wieh great erouble from ehe Hopfsmen, or cUftom-houfc- ofEcers. I fene, by my officer, leecers eo che capeains of ehe Englijh foips, fignifying che necefli ty which forced me inco thOfe parts ; and defired they Would, as far ais in them lay, iuccour and protedl us ; affuring rficm, thac I adled by vircue of his Majefty's comriiiffion, which I alfo fent eo them, that they might perufe it. I weighed the next morning, and worked up to Wampo, where I found; befides two Englift) foips, three French ones, 'viz. the Galatea, the Prince of Conti, and the Maur; and alfo one Oftender, and a fmall foip ' from Manilla. Here I v^as in hopes that all my trou bles Would have ended, and that 1 foould have had full, leifure to refrefo myfelf after fo many fatigues : But I foon found, that thefe expedtations were very ill- ground ed i and that, after all the perils frpm which 1 had ef caped, I was to fall into that which is leaft to be en dured, I mean perils amongft /alfe brethrem A moft iihiucky accident, which happened the very fame evening that we anchoTed ae -W-ampo, gave birch to my eroubles in India, chottgh, with refpedl to me, it was not only unforefeen, but abfolutely unavoidable, and the pure effedls of chac eagernefs, which poffeffed- all dieibipVtsi-mpany, to get ouc of ehis pare of the world at any rate. If chere had been any government among the Englift ferried here, fo as cha'C my authority might have- been fupporeed, undoubcedly ehis unlucky bufinefs never would have, fallen oue ; but, as ie was, it could be imputed, tp' npthing, bue the want pf fuch > • • ,a9 TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 573 in eftinilifoment. The thing, in few words, fell out i^az- thus : One of my men, whofe name was David Grif- ^^^v* ^th, being in an hurry eo remove his effedls on board the Benetta's boac, in which he was, happened Co be chafed by an Hoppo or cuftom-houfe-boat. The fel low, being a lictle in liquor, and fearing they would lake what filver he had from him, fired a mulquet at them, and killed an Hoppoman or cuftom- houfc-ofiicer. Early the nexe morning, chc corpfe was laid ae the door of ehe Englijh fadlories ; and chere were Chinefe officers lying iri watch for chc firft EngliJhTruin ehac Came oue. le happened, chac a fupercargo belonging cqthe Bonet ta was orie of ehe firft; and chey immediaeely feized on him, carried him away, and afterwards .fed him about ehe fuburbs of Canton in chains. All ehat could be faid or done by ehe moft confiderable of chc Chinefe mer chancs, who were corrcfpondenes wieh ehe Englijh, availed nothing. In the mean eime, my man, who had commiecedthe fa&., and anocher, were puc in irons on board chc Francis, wh'ich was chopped, chac is, feized, till ehe mail guiley of che crime was delivered co chem ; and, when he was puC inco cheir hands, and carried Co Canton in chains, ehe fupercargo was rekafed. I had noe been here many days, before I was dcferced by all my officers and foip's company, who were continually employed in removing cheir effedls from on board my foip, CO fome of the European, contrary to my kriow- ledge, then confined to my bed. - My officers were er>- gaging the Indian genelemen in tlieir intereft, and had left my fon, wieh a few Negroes, cq look afcer my foip, and defend my effedls, which I thought on the ¦brink of falling inco chc bottomfefs pie of Chinefe ava rice. In foore, the foip's company had fo many ways of dilpofing of cheir effedls, thac it wasimpoffible tq do whac I flipuld have choughe juftice Co che gentlemen in England. In few words, ehey were all foon reco/- vereci of cheir illncfs, by the affiftance they met with, .and were become their own matters. There were no anagiftrates to appeal co on foore, chat would .have done jne 5H GEOR'GE SHELVOCKE. 1722. me fo much' fervice, as to have obliged them eo keejJ ^'^'^ CO cheir Own foip ; and my brOcher-pffidcrs, cqmmarid- ing che Englift) foips, could nor, chrough fear ot a mif- repreferiration of their aiitiotis to the /«i/«-Company by their fiipercargoes, iafford me fuch an help, as,, perhaps, they wOuld have been iftblirtcd to, chrough di fenfe of their ducy. Bue che genClemcn Who prefided . over ehe Crade, fo liCtie regarded ic, ehac chey had a mind co refufe me a paflage in prtC of Cheir foips ; and, in effedt, I was creaeed by chem, as one enemy would treat anocher in a neutral pore ; for as ftrch they look-^ ed upon me, for offering co come wiehin chc Eaft-Indid Company's limits, wichouc confidering che riccefficies thac forced me CO cOmmic chae Crefpafs, The Capeains Hill and Newjham, when they came cd fee me, were aftonifoed aC che ruinous appeararice pf my foip, arid could fcarce think ic was poffible foe foould have undergone fo lorig a ftretch. The rottcn- nefs of our cordagej and the raggednefs of our failSj filled them with admiration and picy of my condition ; infomuch that, at their firft vifit, when I had given them a foore hiftory- of my voyage, artd defired chey would receive my officers artd foip's company, wich cheir effedls, chey anfwered, Thac, fince chey plainly faw my foip was in no condition to ftir any farcher; Upon payment of our paflages, , chey would entertain, us, as foon as we pleafed. This Idepended upon, and expedted no further trouble, than co remove ourfelves at any time ; but I foUrtd chaC I had, chrough igno rance, applied CO the wrong perfons ; for che fuper- cargoes Were arigry, ehac I had noe fene co chem, who; when afliore, are ehe chief rrien, chough they are only paffengers when aboard 5 fo that I was quite negledled; and the Englift) captairis ordered tb fall down with their fhips five or fix miles belaw us. Thus was I left defti- ¦ ,.tnte, in the compariy of five foreign foips, who; feeing that my own countrymen were fo carelefs qf me, were fo kirid as to offer mc their fervice, arid affifted me with What ehey could: And, had ic not been fof them, I 1 do TO MAGLLL-AJML,'^, 'WC. 575 do not know buc ehac I might have fuffered co ehe laft 1722, (legree ; fOr I was under perpecual apprehenfions, that ''^^ the Chinefe had a defign Co feize my,foip. When the inurder of che cuftOm«houfe-officer Was, in a manner, forgot, there -was an querageoUs adlipn commitcedby Whac ehey call a Little Mandarin, who, at the begin ning of thefe troubles, had warranes given him eo take allthe Englijh he fliould meet; which, he riegkaed, till all was over : But, paffing by che European fadlories, he ordered his aceendancs co feize on all che EngUjh.they faw in chc foops chereabouts ; and accordingly they took nitie or Cen, as well French as EngUJhy.and carried them away, wieh halcers abouc cheir necks, co the Chantock's, or Viceroy's palace in che city. Upon chis, ihere was applicaciori made to the HoppO; who reprefenced mat ters to che Chancock in, favour of the ix\}ured Europeans : Upon vvhich, che ma^ndarin, -who was g.uiley of ehis yiolen.ce, was fenc for ; arid he, being unable to vindi'- cate himfelf, was degraded frpm his, poft, bambooed, which is a fevere punifoment ufed in moft of the eaft ern governments,' and rendered incapabfe of adling again ; arid the Europeans diredlly, difcharged. Howe ver, in the mean time, the Englijh feem to me to be tyranizcd over by the Chi-i^efe, and expofed to the, ca prices of every magiftrate ; which made me the more urgent to be on, board one of -the European fhSps : antj; as I had now difcovered my miftake in addrelfing the Mptairis, which had difgufted the fupercargoes, 1 fent a letter to them, riot to defire, but to demand a paf fage for me, my ofEcers, and foip's company ; which, I was fenfible,' they could not refufe: And indeed they did not; but their condefe^nfiori was accompanied with a charge to the India captains, not to receive any thing belonging to us, except it was configned to the Eaft- India-Compiny in England, f was now informed of the.Hoppo's demand for anchprage in the riyer. 1 had been Ipng in fufpcnfe upon that head, and all along .apprehended, that I fooUld have fome extcavagant ex- acTiioh impofed Upon me : And indeed fo it happened; , 5?^- GEdRGE SHELVOCKE, J7'22.for they demanded 6000 tahel; and, Co- quicken rritf in che pay menc of ic, and to foew me they were in earneft, chere was a penalcy annexed to this extortion; of 500 additional uhel, forev.r-y day wc failed in che payment. Id foole, chere was no means by which I could evade ehis uncorifcionable impolieion. In vain I foewed che Hoppo my commiffion, which was alfo read in ehe Chinefe tongue to him ; and to as lictie purpofe did i alfo rempriftracc; chati came with rio other de fign, than to obtain a paffage home in one of our coun- tiy-foips, my own beirig incapable of -going farther. It was infifted upon, though it was but a day before I could poffibly fend that fum up, 1 fhould add 560 eahel for negledl of paymcric; fo chaC ehey received from me 65D0 eahel, 2166 I. 13 s.- 4 d, Seerling ; a fum aboue fix cimes as much as the Cadogan paid, which was ' the largeft Engliftj foip chere, and meafiired a chird more chan mine, I foon afcer fold her for 2000 eahel ; ' which money, and the reft of my effedls, were configned to the /W/«- Company !- And I prevailed with moft of my officers ind foip's xompany to take their paffages in the Englifh homeward-bound foips. I Capcain Shelvocke embarked here on board of ehe G?* dogan. Captain ///'//„ ;and Chen failed for Batavia, frpm which place chey proceeded On eheir voyage to tiie Cape tf Gosd Hope, where they arrived March 1^22, We found here Governour Boon,ih the'London-Eaft- Indiaman, and others, bound for England. From the Cape of Good Hope we had an agreeable paffage to -S/. Helena, and . from thence to England. "We made the Land's End che laeter end cJf July ; arid, being come into the Britifh channel, meC with brifk gales from ehe weftern quareers, wieh thick foggy weather. The 30th, in che evening, we anchored uoder Dungenefs ; and, the fame night, fome of the fupercargoes and paffen gers, and riiy felf, hired a fmall veffel td carry us eo Dover, where wc arrived early Che nexe morning, and, che fame day, proceeded cowards London, where we ar rived the firft of Auguft following^ Thus ended a long fatiguing to MAG ELL A NI C,A, &c, sl7 fatiguing yoyage, of three years, feven months, and 1722. eleven d-dys, after having failed confiderably more than round the circumference of the globe ; and having undergone a gi-eat variety of troubles and hardfoips, both by fea and land, and made fome difeoveries, Which) it is hoped, are worthy the notice of the curious. R E M A R li S. We fhaU be very fuccindt in our remarks on this voy age, tho' there arc many chings which mighc juftify a fuller and more copious cricicifm on che Capeain's condudl. ft is very clear, from the whole of chis rela tion, that the Captain's work was intented to be what we have reprefented it,, viz. an Apology for his own behaviour ; which was occafioned by a law-fuit com menced by the proprietors againft hirn upon his return home. This created a great noife in ehe world, and people gave eheir opinions very freely, wichoue per haps entering irito the merits of the caufe. Captain Shehockc; therefore, wrote this bopk to bring the af fair before the Public, and to leave, for chc judgmertt of pofterity, the ftate of his own cafe. Ic muft be con feffed, ehac he has put ic inco a very fair lighc, and -foewn a great deal of fkill and addrefs in finifoing,, to the very utmoft, furh parts of the pidlure as arc likely to ftrike the reader moft, and to .give him ftrong im- prefliqns in the Captain's favour. SUch are the muti- -.riies that fell ouc in ehe beginning of chc voyage; che tedious, troubfefome, and melancholy fojournment in the Ifiand of Juan Fernandez% the diligence, fkill, and 'care, he foewed in getting a bark framed out of the wreck, and carrying off in it fuch a body of people, aimoft againft their confent, at leaft without their affift ance; and many more, which the reader will eafily .difcern, without my pointing them out. But Captain Betagh, being returned from the Spanift) Weft-Indies, thoughc ic requifite, for his owri juftification, to attack Captain Shelvocke's account aimoft in every part of it, ^s we have already foewn ; all which remarks tend to Vol. Ill, V 4 D fupport 57§ GEORGE SHELVOCKE, i722.fupp'6rc a charge which falls naCurally under ehe chrec ' ^ 'follqwirtg heads : . . The firft is, chaC ehe difpuces which happened amongft ehe crew were of his own conceiving and fo menting; in proof of which, he alleges^ that Matthew Ste-wart, who was ac ehe head of all chefe mutinies, was abfolucely Shelvocke's creaeure. He Cakes notice likewife, ehac this feditious temper of his crew ferves . for a general excufe for every wrong ftep taken thro' the voyage. It was an attempt of his men to return eo England, thit rnade him dp many ftrange chings aC firft fetting out. Ac St. Katharine's, he fays, that they fprced him to fign the new articles, or elfe they would have run away with the foip. Going into Chiloe, he fays, was the mens fault, where they fo narrowly ef caped a foipwreck. At going into Conception, a little to leeward, he fays the fame. At Fernandez, he fays, 'they forced him to divide the owners money, and en ter upon ehe nevf Jdmaica-difcipline, Upon meeting Clipperton, he fays, ie was his men demanded a confirm ation of ehe firft articles with the owriers, after they had made twice new ones for themfelves. When he left the four men aboard the bark, where they were murdered, he fays, his people would not let him bring to till foe came up ; yet it was thefe very rnen, that profeffed ¦ 'themfelves willing to obey him iri every thirig, when he put Captain ^/a//i?)( on board the Mercury, and treat ed withfeorn the objedlions made to his condudl, tho' founded in a defire of preferving them from the bad effedls of it : It was thefe men, alfo, who thanked him "for their prefervation at Juan Fernandez ; though, if fjme of them may be believed upon their oaths, they might, with full' as much reafon, have thanked him for their' foipwreck : and, after all, it was thefe very people' made him a prefent of an ifland in his paf fage home, and obftinately pe;rfifted in calling it by the nariie of a captain they neither loved nor feared. Is not this very ftrarige, and dpes it not prove, that thefe "^accpunts are very inconfiftent, and, cpnfeqUently, de ferve TO MAGELLANICA, £5?*, 579 ferve np great credit? This, 1 fay, is Captain Betagh's^^i. way pf reafoning ; of the juftice of which, the reader ^"^^ will decide as he fees caufe. The fecond bead of the accufation is, as to the mo ney taken in the Conception, and funk in the unaccoun table article of an et c. Senc afoore, inco the hands of ehe eriemy,' withoue an ho ftage, and n'ever fince, hear'd of, fix, Edward Brook, firft lieutenant ; IVillidmTqrrsfy, midfoipman ; Frederick ' ¦ Mackenzie.^ TO MAGELLANICA, 5S» Mackenzie, Robert Bowman, Richard Philips, andJohni7%2. Poulten, feamen. Begged cheir paffage wieh Clipper- '"""^ ton, eo be freed from Si)f/t;(9c^«'s cyranny, ehree, ja-w-f Hendrie, agene for che owners; Thomas Dodd, lieuee- nane of marines ; and William Morphetv, midfliipman. Died four, Richard Arfcot, in ehe Speedwell ; and Ed mund Philips, in Shelvocke's bark ; IVilliam Campbell, drowned, going round Cape Horn ; and Richard HV>J ? to AUSTRALASIA, Gfc. 5^5 ftyS affairs, to whom a nineteenth was added by thdT^' ftates-general. The affairs of this company weic once ill fo flourifliing a condition, ehac ehey were noc only on a level, bue, in fome meafure, fuperiour co ehe Eafl-lndia company, which was owing to the happy fuccefs of their affairs at fea ; for, in ehe year 1629, their admiral, Peter Haines, cook che Spanift plate fleet, which was immenfcly rich, and brought it in to Holland. They made Chemfelves mafters of the -greateft part of Brafil, and were fo confiderable,^ that the great CountMaurice of Naftau did noe think it be- 'neach him eo accepe of a commiflion from this compa ny, eo be governour-general of Brafil; which, huw- 'cvcr, afcer it had coft them immenfe furtis to defend, they at laft loft. The Term of their charter was limited to twenty- 'four years, which, in 1647, being expired, wasrencwisd for twenty-five more; during which time,- cheir af fairs grew very perplexed, fo chaC cowards che clofe of 'chae eerm, thty werecpnccne, chae ic foould be diffolv ed ; and, in che year, 1674, a new company was e- rected, wieh preecy near die fame powers, by leeeers- pacenc from," che ftaees-general ; which company has ' fobfilled ever fince wieh greae repucacion. The capi tal of this new company confifts of fix millioiis of flo rins, which make about fix hundred choufand pounds of our money ; and che limies of cheir authoriey are, the coafts of Africa and America ; thac is co fay, all ehe -eft-iblifoment of the Dutch, in thofe countries, are un der eheir diredtion ; fo that Whoever .propofes any new fcheme, for ehe improvement of commerce in thofe parts, muft neceffarily apply himfelf to that com pany. _ • Ic was this fhat induced Mr. Roggewein, a gentle man of great parts and pcrietration, to frame a projedl for che difcovery of chac vaft conciriene, and ehe many iflands which are fuppofed Cp lie in the fouthern,;part pfthe globe, and of. which che world has hicherto had but very imperfedl notice from others ; which pro-* Vol. l\\. 4 E jedl. 585 COMMODORE ROGGEWEINj^ >7^^' jedl, together with the reafohs in fupport pfit, and a ^^ plan fpr carrying his defigned difcovery into execu tion, he prefented to the Eaft-Indid company ih 1696* by whom it was very well received, arid he was affured of having all the affiftance he could defire or expedt, as fopri as the affairs of the company Would permit i But the difturbances chac foon after followed, put a ftop CO che company's good incencions ; and, before any ching could be done, Mr. Roggewein breached his lift. He was a gentieman of ehb province of Zealand^ who, from his youeh, had addidted himfelf Co mache^ matical ftudies, and had a crue zeal for che fervice of his councry ; of which he gave mariy proofs, and per haps none, thac, in his own judgemene, was fo great as the framing this fcheme ; at leaft, wc have reafon fo to believe, fince, upon his death- bed, he recom- 'mendcd it to his fon, and exadted from him a promife - that, at a time convenient, he would endeavour in perfon co execuee what himfelf had propofed. The ybung genclettan, after his father's dec'eafe, applied himfelf CP' his ftudies with the ucmpft vigpur, and '. made fo happy a proficieBcy in chem, as to qualify "himfelf for che poft of counfellor iri ehe court of Juftice' ae Batavia, whicher he wene, and refided chere many years. ' - After his recurn from che Eajt-hdies, in which he had acquired a handfome forCurie, he bechOughe him felf of performing the promife he made his father oft his deathbed ; and, in ehe year 1)21, prefented a me morial CO che ^^-7»i«'a compariy, fecting forth, thaCf ae fuch a time, his father had propofed difcovering che fouehern continent arid illand ; which propofal ehey had been pleafed co accepe, and he was now ready co pec form, The company received ehis memorial with che lame r adiriefslh'ey did' his father's; and, as their af fairs were now iri , beccer order, Chey acquainecd Mn Roggewein, chac they Svould immediately give diredti ons ifor equippirig fuch a fquadron as might be necef fary for executing his defign. Ic confifted of three - ' " , 'foips 9 ' TO AUSTRALASIA,yf. 487 fHips ;, wz;. the Eagle, of 36 pieces of canon, andi 721, III men, commanded by CapCain Job Cofier, onboard '¦^"^ of which embarked che Commodore: The Tienhoven cf 28 pieces of canon, and 100 men, cpmmandcd by Capcain James Bowman: The African galley, pf 14 pieces pf canpri, and 60 men, cpmmanded by Captain Henry Rofenthall. This fmajl fquadrnn failedfrnm ehe pore of Amfterdam the i6th of July, in the fame year ; and arrived happily, in the fpace of 36 hours, in the l!exel. Befpre we proceed farther, it is requifite, that 1 fhoul dacquaint the reader, that we ftand indebted for the journal of this voyage to the gentleman who commanded the jand-forccs that were pn bpard the Cornmodore, whofe name I am noe ae libercy eo men- cion, or ehac qf another perfon, who made the voyage, and from whom I have received confiderable affiftance. The nature of the expedieion is fufficicnc Co recqm- mend ic cp the perufal of ehe curious ;' and chc many remarkable particulars ie coneains, wieh regard eo che ftace of the Dutch company's affairs in che Indies, will, I dare fay, juftify what I chink myfelf obliged co fay ofic ; chac ic is ae once as inftrudlive and as encercain- irig a piece in ics kind, as I ever perufed- As foon- as ehe foips could be provided wich every thing neceffary for fo long a voyage, they failed, which was on ehe zt^ of Auguft 1721, wieh a fair wind; which, however, changed che next day, and pbliged chem eo fpend three days beating chrough the channel. They continued cheir courfe co ehe fouch-weft, in or der to gain the Qoa'^ of Barb ary ; buc were prevented by a great ftorm, which did them much damage. , Tq this' fucceeded a ftark calm ; during which, the waves ran mountain-high, as having not yet loft that agita tion into which they had been pqt by the late high wind. This brought upon them new mifchiefs ; One of their veffels loft its main-top and mizen-maft, and,, in the Commodore, the niairi -fail yard came doWnj wieh ftich force as wounded feveral people upon deck, and all ehis from ehe rolling of chc foip ; fo chac our anchor concludes, ehac, in che Spanift feas, chere is in- : 4 E 2 infirtiecly 588 COJ^MODO'RE ROGGEWEIN, 1721 -infiriicely more danger frptn the fudden calm, whichi ^""^^ ufually follows a ftorm, chan from che wildeft cempeft ; infomuch chac he. pofitively declares, th^t, in the Bal tic, and other northern feas, in which he had qften failed, he neyer met with any tempeft comparable tq this; which he aetributes eo the, decpnefs of ehe, fea,' fuppofing, ehjt the greater the mafs of water, the, longer, -when once put in motion, tfiat mqcibn hfts. But, as ehis \s' a conjedture only, 1 prefume cq offer chc reader anocher reafori ; which is, the nearnefs of ehe foores, or oppoiite coafts, in che Mediterranean ; for, ^s we fee in a bafoh chae has b^en fhook, the- motion of the water remains after the bafon ftands ftiU ; fo it is plain, chae the violence of the mocionls greater in groporcion co ehe fmallnefs of ehe veffel, becaufe ehe pokes from ehe qppofice fide are repeated quicker, and the water has lefs room, tqplay. After t-wo days the wind frclhec-ed,, and they began to recover the fatigqes they had fuftained: During that fpace of time^ chey concinued co fteer fouch-weft, in hppes of gaining the Canaries; and diverced chemfelves wich obferving che manner in which die flying-fifo en deavours to efcape its enemies, the albicores and bo- nitoes. The flying-fifo is not much bigger than an herring, and the fins it flies with, are, for ftrength the texture, noe unlike ehe wings of a bac. The Dutch failors efteem chem very good fbqd, and, eherefore, are never beCcer pleafed, chan when chey mecc wich |)lcncy of them. The bonieq is a fifo abouc cwp feet •fong, of a greyifo coloqr, and, finely ftreaked from head CP tail ; che flefli dry, hard, and pf a difagreeable tafte. "The albicore refembles ehe bonieo in eyery re- fpedl,°'excepc ics lize ; for che albicore is, generafly- fpeaking, five qr fix feec long, and weighs fometimes 1 50 lb. T hey faw likewife fome water-fowl, and par ticularly teal, which the feamen always account align of the land's being near. At laft, finding themfelves in theiatitude of 28de- grecs, they expefted they foould have feen very foon ' ' ' ¦ . ^^^^ TO AUSTRALASIA, tfr. S^ fome of the Ctfwary Iflands ; when, of a fudden, the 1721. man at chc maft-head, informed ehem, chac he difeo- ^'"^ vered a fail, which carried Englifh colours. As foon as ehey drew near enough eo difcern eheir motions, they perceived that foe ftruek her colours, and bore away from chcrti. In aboue an hpur's Cime foe appear ed again, with fpur fail mpre in her company, which fometimes carried whiee, and fometimes black, and, ae laft, red colours ; which gave reafon eo fufpedl, ehac they were piraCes. TheCommodorc immediafcly'made chc fignal for a line of bactie ; all hands were employ ed! in making a clear foip, in filling grenades, and pre paring every ching chae was rieceffary for che enfulng engagenienc, in which chey were fo lucky as tP have the advantage of the wind. The pirates, obferving chis difpofition, immediaeely puc chemfelves in a fight ing pofture ; apd began by fliriking their red, and hqiftingablackjflag, withadeath's head in the centre, a powder-horn over it, and two bones acrofs underneath. They likewife formed a line ; and, in an hour's time, the adiiqn began. The pirates fought brifkly for fome time, fuppofing them to be merchan-men ; but, after a difpute of twp hours, and perceiving thac the Com- modere fought cp bpard the veffel with which he was engaged, they fpread all che canvas' chey could, and erouded away as faft as poffibfe. The Du^ch Commo dore cried ouc, as foon as he faw chem bearing away. Let the Rafcals go: In which he ftr'idlly obeyed his irt- ftrudlions ; for all ehe Dutch foips, belonging Co eheir Eafi and Weft -India companies, have ftridl orders never Co give chace, bue co purfqe eheir courfe, Ic is crue, thac fometimes their Captains negledl this order; but it is at eheir peril, and ehey are always made an fwerable fpr che cpnfequences on eheir recurn home. This unlucky accident coft the fquadron a great ma ny men. In the Commodore they had four killed, a- riiong whom was a quarter-mafter, and rrtRC wounded; and chere were feven killed, and cweney-(ix wounded, , jn^che other two foips. The carpenters likewife found them- SSQ COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1721. felves fully employed iri ftopping leaks, arid repairing '¦^ che damage they had receiyed. As foori as this was done, which was by chc i5Ch of iVowm^(?r, chey continued eheir voyage, and arrived in fighc of chc iflarid-of Maderia, which afforded a beautiful profpedt I ac a diftance. There is good anchorage on its coafts, •where wood and waeer may be conveniencly caken in ; bue, nocv/ithftanding chis, che Dutch Eaft and Weft- India fliips rarely couch chere. In che neighbourhood pf Maieria, chey faw a defare ifland, which is'muchfre- quenced by piraees, who wood and wacer there, and obtain qcher refrefomencs. They had fikewife a fight of ehe Pike of Teneriff, ae die diftance of aboue eweney- fiye leagues. This is generally efteemed ehe higheft mouneain in ehe worid, which is ehe rcafon ehac gep- graphers place chere the firft ^eridian; a cpftom, hpw- • , ever, frqm which riiany pf ehe tnoderns vary, but with which the globe and map-makers in Holland conftantly comply, believing, that, from this regularity, they derived great advantages. Oq the other hand, th?. French and Englift), of late years -efpecially, incline to fix the firft meridian in their refpedtive maps at Pms^ or at London ; which creates great confufion in che Ion-' gicyde of places, when ehis diftindlioq is noe prcviouf^ ly taken notice of by the wrieers who make ufe of fuch maps. King Lewis che Xllleh of /'Vawri?" endeavoured , to prevent this inconvenience by an edidl, dited April 25, 1634, by which he diredled che firft riieridian CO be placed in the ifland of Fer.o.t the mqft weftward of the; Canaries. From thefe iflands they continued fteering fouch- weft, for thofe of che Cape de Verd, of -whith ehey had likewife a fight. This Cape Verd, or Green C^pe,* is a pqint ui -^fricai or racher a mountain, fliooting forth inco w Sea, which Ptolemy calls Arlinariam. It . was difcov^d by the Portuguefe in ehe year 1474, in the reign m Alphonftis the "Vch ; it is bounded by the two rivers.^ambia and Senega, formerly called Stachirii and Garatius. Nothing TO AUSTRALASIA, Gf^4» 591 Nothing reriiarkabfe happened in the voyage after 1721. leaving Cape de Verd, till chcir arrivel ac St.Sebaftiart^-"^ in ehcliaeieude 24 degrees, and longitude 60, on chc toaft of Brq/il where chey laid in a ftock of frefo provifions, and wooding and watering. After leaving ehe coaft of Brafil, the Commodore 'propofed vifieing ehe ifland of Aukes Magdeland, fo i!alled from ics firft difcoverer, who, abode one hundred years ago, faw a lighc in chae ifland, which is faid to .be fieuaced ip the latiCude of 30 degrees fouth; but did .noe go on foore. As che fieuacion of chis ifland muft have been very. advancageous, and in a good climace, the Commodore ineended co fettle a colony there, for che fervice of fuch foips as foould afcerwards be bound ,to che fouehern Ifidies, chae by ehis means, chey might obtain wood, water, and other refrefoments, without -being obliged to touch at any of the countries fubjedt to the Portuguefe. He found it, however, abfolutely impradticable, becaufe, in fpite of all the pains he cpuld take, he never could difcover that, or any other iflandj in or "near the latitude of 30 degrees ; which pbfiged him to change his cOuffe, and to fteer towards the New Iflands, fo called by che Dutch : but, by a French privaeeer, thac firft difeovtred ehem, named St. Lewis. The fquadron profecuced ics yoyage very happily, by continuing always wichin 40 and 50 leagues of tht American Qxore, by which chey enjoyed the benefie of ehe land and fea winds ; whereas, if Chey had kepc farther from land, chey would have infal' libly fallen in wieh the weft monfppn, Ori ehe 2 ift pf Peccmber, when chey Were inthe la tieude qf 40 degrees foueh, chey were furprifed by an hurricane, attended with thunder and lightning. All they could do was to frirl their fails, and lie at the mercy of the winds an,d waves : The fea ran fo very high, thac chey expedled every momene to be fwal- lojyedj In this ftorm chey were feparated from the Tienhoven, and did not meet with her again till three riionths afterwards. The violericef of the hurricane ^ lafted 592 COMMOCORE ROGGEWEIN, 1 72 1. lafted about four hours, biic was npc entirely Over iri ^'^^ fome days. It was very happy fpr the Cpmmpdpre, that,, in fpice of the prodigious force of ehe wind, his mafts ftoOd ifirm; Thefe hurricanes are cxeremely dan- .•gerous, and fhips ofeen founder chrough cheir violence. They are far more frequenc in che Weft, chan chey arc in che Eiift Indies. They happen ufually ac orte feafon qf ehe year; _ particularly when che weft monfoon reigns, which is froni ehe 2och of July Co the i5eh of OStober. For chis reafon; on coafts Where chey are frequenc, veffels often continue in porC; cill chey ima gine chey have nothing of this kind to fear. But, as ilorms of this fort are not exadlly periodical; and as there are fome years in Which happen no hurricanes at all, foips trufting to fuch calculaeions; or co cercain pixteftdcd prognoftics, arc very often calight. As foon as the hurricane was eneirely over; chc Com modore, and his confore che African Galley, .contirtued a foueh-fouch-weft courfe, cill, by the affiftance of che land-winds, ihcy were in che heighe 0/ the Scraighcs of Magellan, There chey difcovered an ifland pf near 200 leagues in circumference, and ac the diftance pf abpUt fpur- icorc leagues from che main land of America ; and, as they faw no fmoke, nor any boae, or oeher embarka tion, on che coaft, chey concluded chae ic was uninha-^ bitcd. h. French prwateer difcovered the weft coaft of it, and called it the ifland of St. Lewis ; but the Dutch obferving its many capes," fancied them to be fo many different iflands ; and therefpre beftowed on them the name of the Hew Iflands. This fquadron firft difco vered the ifland all round, and particularly the eaft coaft of it ; ehe firft vifible poines of which chey named the poines of Rofsnthall^ becaufe they were firft difco^ vered by a capcain of chac name, who commanded che African Galley ; ehe uttermoft eaftern point they cal fed New-Tear's Cape, being djfcovercd upon that day, This ifland lying in the latitude of 52 degrees fouth, and in the Ipngitude of 95 degrees, they called it Bel- TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. 593 iia Auftralis, becaufe, whenever ie comes co be inha- i7^'^- bited, fuch as dwelc chereon will be ftridtly and pro- ^'''^ perly Antipodes to the inhabitants of the Low Coun tries. The land appeared extremely beautiful, and very fertile : Ie was chequered with mountains and valleys, all of which were clochcd wich very fine ' flrkitrht trees. The verdure of the meadows, and the frelhnefs of the woods, afforded a moft delightful profpedt, infomuch that all the (hips companies agreed, that, if they had landed, they fliould have found ex cellent fruits : But the Com inodore would not allow them to land, for fear of lofing time; and, from an apprehenfion, that any delay might hinder his getting round Cape Horn, he therefore chofe to defer a tho rough examination of this new country, till he fliould return from the difcovery of the fouthern continents and iflands ; but that, alas 1 however reafonable, proved, as in che fequel we fliall fee, a vain expedlation, be caufe he was obliged to return home with his fquadron by the Eaft-Indies. This fine ifland, therefore, is like to continue ftill, iri a gredt meafure, unknown; and the Commodore regretted esceffively his not laying hold of thac fair opportunity of fpending a few days there, which, perhaps, might have produced the fix ing a colony on that ifland ; from whence, without doubt, mariy other confiderable difeoveries might, in a Ihort time, have been conveniencly made. Quitting this ifland, chey returned to the mouth of the S.raights of Magellan, in order to waic there for a wind favourable to their navigation ; and, in a fcv. days, it very luckily changed ; for, if it had continued to blow from the weft; they could not poffibly have obtained their paffage into the South Seas. This they were refolved to attempt by the Straights of Le 'Ma'ire, becaufe this laft paffage is infinieely more com modious chan chac of Magellan, where ehe fea has but fmall depth, and the norch and touch currencs, by their meecing, occafioned conftane rough feas. Add to ehis, .chat chc boecpm is rocky, and affords no good ¦ Vol. III. ¦ 4F . anchorage 594 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, • 1722. anchorage; and that the flaws from the mountains ort both ' fides indanger all fliips that venture into thofe perilous ftraights : But havirig, as is before obferved, a fair wind, they continued their courfe to the South, in or der to pafs the Straights of Le Maire. In their way chey' faw abundance of whales, and other large fifo of chae kind : amongft ehe reft, they were followed Ibr a whole month by that kind of fifo which the Dutch fai lors call the Sea Devil. They took the utnioft pains to catch it, but to no purpoie. It has a large head, a thick foort body, and'a very long tail, like that \yhi'ch painters beftow on the dragon. Arriving at length in the height of 55 degrees, they began to conceive they could not be far diftant from the mouth of the Straights, and immediaiely after they faw- 5/fl/^y?aW, which makes' one fide of them. The fury of the v/aves, and the' clafoing of contending currents, gave fuch terrible Ihocks to their veffels, as made them reel in fuch a manner, that they expedled every moment their yards -would have broken, and their mafts, come by the board. In this fituation they would haye been glad to come to ' an anchor, efpecially when they found, by founding, that the bottom was yery gppd ; but the Weather was fO rough as not to permit ic. They paffed ehe Scraighcs, which arc abouc teri leagues in length', and fix over, where they are the brOadcft, with a fwiftnefs not to be expreffed, which was owing to the forCe of a current, Thefe currcrtts without the ftraights,' joined to 'a ftrong weft wind, carried them due a great way frbm chc' coaft of Ameri ca; and ehac ehey mighc before co get round Cape 'Horn, they failed as high as che lacicucfe of 62 degrees , 30 niiriuces, ' There, for ehree weeks cpgether, they fuftained "the moft deeadful gufts qf a furious well wind, accompanied wieh hail, fnow, and ehe moft piercing froft. They were very apprehenfive,. kft the violence of the wind might, while they were inveloped with thick mifts, have driven them upon mountains of ice, which muft' have expofed them to certain fhip- wreck. TO- AUSTRALASIA, &c. 59^ 'wrreck. Whenever che weather was a licele ferene, 1722* chey had fcarce any nighc ac all; for, being ehe midft ^-'v^ of January, ehe fummer was ae ies heighe in thac cli mace, and the days at their utmoft length. Thefe riiountains bf ice, of which they were fo much- afraid, were vifible, from the height of Cape Horn ; and are certain proofs, that thofe fouthern countries extend *quite to their pole, as well as thofe under the north : for, without queftiori; fuch valt hills of ice cannot ei ther be produced in the fea, or formed by the common force of cold." It muft eherefore be concluded, chat they arc occafioned by the violence of currents, and 'of fliarp piercing winds, blowing out of gUlfs, or the mouchs of large rivers. It is, on the other fide, no lefs certain, that the currents difeerned in this ocean pro- teed all from the mouths of rivers,, which, CoUing down from an high continent, fall into the fea with fuch impecuodty, that they preferve a great part of their ' force, even after chey have entered it. The great quantity of birds that are feen here, is an aditional ¦proof, that land cannot be far off. It may be demanded, whether this corttinertt is inha bited or nOc : For may part, fays the author, the af firmative feems the mioft probable to me. It may, pof fibly, be aflied, how it can be imagined, that men foould li\e in fuch a climate as" that of 70 degrees, where ehe winter is fo very long, the fummer fo foort, and where, for great part of the year, they muft be involved in perpetual night ? To this 1 anfwer, that fuch as dwell here, come hither only in the fine feafon, in order to fifh, -and retire on the approach of winter, as many of the fubjedts of the Ruffian empire, and the in'tiabicancs of-D.avii's Straights, who, after chey have thoroughly provided themfelves wich fifo on che coafts of a frozen climace, retire further within land, and eac, during the winter, in their cabins, the fifo they have taken in the lummer. ~ 1 fay farther, fays he, that if tfe people who a^e to be met with in Greenland and Davis's Straights are Co be relied on, they inform us, 4F 2 that 596 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN,, 17^2. that the country is inhabited, even to the heighe of 70 '"^^ deg. in winter as well as in fummer; and whae isprac- ticable in one country, cannotjuftly be reputed incre dible when fuppofed in anocher. The contrary winds having driven chefe Dutch fo.ips 500 leagues from' the continent, the Commodore believed, that he was now b'eyond Cape Horn, and therefore fteered north-eaft and by norch, in order to fall in with the coaft of Qi- //. After continuing this courfe for three weeks, and feeing no land, they began to conclude, that they had nor doubled Cape Horn, but had ftood away northerly too foon. On the 10th of March, however, being in the latitude of 37 degrees 30 minutes, they difcor vered, to their great joy, the long-wifoed-for coaft of Cfz'/z, and foon after anchored on the coaft of the ifland Mocha, ^ which is three feagues from the continent. , They were in hop?s of finding on this ifland, at leaft, a part of the refrefoments they warited, but more e- fpecially frefomeat and herbs; but, to their great fur prife, v.'ere difappointed, by perceiving it entirely a- bandoned, and that all its inhabitants had tranfported themfelves to the main land. They iaw, however, upon the ifland, a multitude of horfes and birds; and, in two cabins near the ihore, they found fome dogs. Upon a ffridlerand defer fearch, they difcovered the wreck of a Spanift foip, from whence they conluded the dogs had got on foore. As to the horfes, they con cluded thatthey were left chere eo graze, and chae eheir owners came ac cercain times from the main eo take them up, as they had occafi.on for them. They killed abiindancc of geefe and ducks; and, after having tra- yerfed every part of the country, finding the coaft ex tremely rocky, and no place where chey could anchor with fafety, they refolved to put to fea again without delay. but, before chey, execueed ehis refolueion, the Corn modore held a council with his olficcrs, in order to confider how ehey foould proceed, and whac courfe was to be caken next ; in which it was determined to con tinue. TO AUSTRALASIA, &c, 597 !tinuc, for fome time, on the coaft of Chili, in hopes of 1722. meeting with fome port where they might anchor with '""^^ fafety, "and get fome refrefliments. This refolution, hewever, th^y afterwards laid afide, becaufe they per ceived the Spaniards every-where upon their guard, and their coafts fo well provided, that it would have been dangerous for them to have made any attempt. They likewife o'oferved, that, notwithftanding the country -of Chili appeared extravagantly high at a diftance, yet, ^as ehey faikd along fhore, ehey difcovered ic was not higher chan che Englift coaft, and Chac ehey had been led into this miftake by the prodigious height of the mountains behind it; the tops of which were hid in the clouds, and covered with perpetual fnows. After much deliberation, the Commodore and African galley, which no ftorms could ever feparate from him, fteered weft- north-weft for the ifland of Juan-Fernandez, at the 'dif tance, as they apprehended, of about ninety leagues. As they had a favourable wind, they made way at a great rate, fo thac oh che 4ch day ehey had fighe of ehe ifland, but could noe come eo an anchor in chc road, by lealbn of ics falling calm. The next day, when they were juft ready to go' in, they faw, to their exceffive luprize, a foip riding there. ' At firft fight, they conjedtured, that foe was either a ' Spanift foip of force., or a French interloper ; but, upon more mature confideration, they concluded, foe muft be a pirate. While they were confulting what was beft •to be done, they faw the foal'lop, belonging to the foip,, in che road, making towards them, with a Spanift flag; upori which they prepared for an engagement ; but 'their amazement was not to be defcribed, when, on ics ¦^nearer approach, fume of the failors cried out, that it was ehe foallop of ehe Tienhoven, cheir conforC, fepa- Tated from them three months before in the ftorm, and which they concluded had been buried in the waves. •Captain Bowman himfelf was in the fhallop, who, up- o,n this occafion, foev/ed how wellhe deferved the truft tfhat had been repofed in him ; fof, by tha Commo- - '' • dore's 598 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. dore's orders, in cafe of a feparaeiori, chis was Co b«i Ov-J ehe firft place of rendezvous ; and, after cruifing for fix weeks, ehey were eo repair Co ehe heighe of 28 de grees foueh latitude, and to cruife chere for cHc fam^ fpace of time; bue, in cafe Chey faikd in meecing ehe Conimodore in both places; chey Were chen eo optrri their fealed inftrudtions, delivered wich their commif fions, and CO piirfue ehem exadlly; As foon as Cape. Bowman was on board, he made che fignal agreed ori with his own foip, in order co acqiiainC chem; ehac thefe two foips were eheir confores ; fo chae; encering into the harbour, they faluted each other reciprocally with five pieces of'cannon. As foon as they haa leifure to enter into particulars, the Captain gave them an ac count of all that had happened fince their feparation, He acquainted them with the dangers he had run thro' in palling the Strait's of Magellan, what ftorms 'an4 tempefts be bad met with on the coafi of America; and; in the end, freely acknowfedged, that he concluded the Commodor-e, and the African galley, were both loft in the hurricane; arid never expected to fee them more; He liiice-wife told them, that his foip was in a Very bad condition, and that he arrived in this road Only the evening before. After hearing chis, che captains dined very chearfully cogecher on board che Tienhoven, where ehey commiferaced eheir paft misfortunes, and rejoiced at their prefent meetihg in fafety. As there ftfli con tinued a dead calm, it was impoflible for them to come to an anchor inthe place where they intended, and therefore they were obliged to remain thac nighc iri fourfcore fathoms w^eer ; buc chc nexe day ehey got up clofe by ehe Tienhoven, where chey anchored in forty fathoms water, that veffel lying wichin mufquct- fooe of chc foore. As foon as chc foips were btoughe Co an anchor, ehey hoifted oue eheir foallops, in order co fend che fick oh fliore, as well as eo look for provifions and fefrefo- nicrics : And as foori as ehe men landed, who were ap pointed to cake a view of tiie ifland, ahd amongft whom the TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. 599 the anchor was one, they began to confider the pro- 173:. pereft method for cofledling together wh.at mighc be ^'^^ neceffary towards forming cabins or huts for the ufe of , the fick : Accordingly they got together a great quan tity of oat-ftraw, with' which they thatched the hues, that were foon run up wiih green boughs. This may reafonably furprife the reader, who probably mighc not expedt to hear of oats in an uninhabited ifland : And, indeed, the author does not pretend to account for their coming there ; fur he fays plainly, that it was -a doubt with him, whether they grew there of them felves, or had been fowed. He fpeaks likewife pf muftard-feed and turneps, but complains thac the latter. -jverc yery bitter. In the courfe of thefe voyages, v. e have met with feveral defcriptions of thefe iflands of Juan Fernandez ; and therefore wc foall difpenfe here with fo'mc of the Dutch author's remarks ; but there are others of too great importance to be flighted, efpe cially when we confider the defign with which they were made. According, therefore, to this writer, the larger ifland of Juan Ferr^andez is one of the fineft and beft^ fituated countries in the world ; the climate equally pleafant and wholefome; the air fo temperate and fweet, as CO reftore hcaleh to ehe fick, and give a conftane flow of fpirics co chofe ehac are well ; which the auchor himfelf experienced by recovering here from a bad fta;e of hcaleh, and a compfication of diftempers. The hills are covered with tall trees of different kinds, fit for all forts of ufes ; and the valleys are fo fruitful, as to pro duce, with a very little cultivatiori, all the neceffaries of fife. ,s;; The Dutch Commodore, having attentively confider ed the advantageous fituation, and .the many conveni encies this ifland afforded, immediately conceived a de fign of fettling it, as the moft prpper place that could bethought of, for affording foelter and refrefomene to foips bound, as he was, co fouehern lands : And he was encouraged, particularly co perfevere in this defign, from the confideration of chc ifland's fercihcy, which, ¦'¦'.¦' as 6ob COrClMODORE ROGGEWEIN, i7«2- as our auchor obferves, allowed chem no reafon ¦ eo- '""^d^ubc, chac ir would afford fufliciene fubfiftence for 600 families ae leaft: However, ehis, like ehe fectle-- menc of Belgia Auftralis, was put off co cheir recurn ; by which accidene ie happened, chae neieher of chefe iflands was feecled ac all. le muft be allowed, chac boeh chefe 'projedts of chc Dutch Commodore were every way wife and prudene, .and foewed how fie a man he was CO execute whac his facher had defigned ; for, by ehe help of chefe cwo colonies, undoubtedly the Southern Indies. had been, by this time, effectually difcovered. The former fettkmene would have afforded a proper place for foips eo careen in, and refie, after fo long a voyage as from Europe eo ehe Straics of Magellan ; and ehe laceer would have furnifned chem wich all imagin- ahjle conveniencies for repairing whacever injuries ehey .mighc have received by fo hazardous a paffage as ehac round Cape Horn. I eherefore venture to pronounce ic che beft-laid fcheme for promoting fouehern difeoveries, that ever yec enccred ehe head of man ; and I make no manner of queftion, chae whatever nation foall tevive and profecute Mr. Roggewein's-plan, will be-conie, in a few years, mafter of as rich and proficable a comr merce, as ehe Spaniards have frbm eheir own councry to Mexico and Peru, or chc Portuguefe eo Brafil. As ehey were now ready Co encer on ehc/ difeoveries, che hopes of which had brpughe them into thofe feas, it was but natural for the Commodore, and his princi- eip.al ofSccrs, to lay before che foip's company a pare of che reafons, whichinduced ehem tobelicve'theirpdins and labour would noe be chrown away. Our auchor has preferved chc fubftance of chofe difcourfes, which arc, beyond queftion, ehe moft yaiuable pare of his book, inafmuch as ehey diftinguifo beeween wanderers or advencurers, who know. noe whiic ehey feek, and fuch as have a real ciclc co ehe honour.ible name of dif coverers, as going in adlual fearch of whac eheir pru- ,dene forcfighe has foewed ehem mighc be found ; and .alfo pL-ricifully reward eheir erouble in finding. The main TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. 6oi main end propofed, in fuch ftaces as fubfift by com- 1722. merce, wich regard eo difeoveries, is chc finding fuch '"'^^ countries as may cake off eheir commodities, and be in a condition eo furnifo ehem wieh as valuable in re- .turn. Ie is agreeable co reafon, and juftified by expe rience, chac couneries excenively cold, arc generally barren ; and chat chofe which are immoderaecly hoe, are noC ehe moft fruitful : Itfollows therefore, that the middle climates are, by the laws of nature, the moft fruitful. In order therefore to diftinguifo thofc,'we are to remember chac, in che heighe of 66 degrees, 30 mi nuces, che days are ewency-four hours long ; and con fequendy ehc middle climace, which geographers have diftinguifoed in eheir cabfes for che fifth, will be found in ehe heighe of 3.8 degrees. If chi-s appears agreeable CO reafon, it feems eo be put ouc of doubc, when we join ehe arguments derived frpm experience ; for it muft be aUowed, chae fuch provinces of Barbary, Per- fia, Syria, Chaldea., and Indoftan, as well as the iflands Candia, Cyprus, and Japan, which lie all in this cli mate,- that is to fay, frqm ehe chirciech cp ehe chirey- fixch degree of latitude, arc the richeft, pleafanteft, and moft fruicful coflntfies in ehe world. The fame ching is remarkable in' ehe councry of Canaan, where ehe province of G«/J/^^ was efteemed ehe faireft, and ,moft fruicful, becaufe fieuated fartheft to the norch, and confequcntiy neareft co thac latieude we recom mend. In ehc new worid again, the provinces of Carolina., Florida, New-Mexico, and Californi-a, all lying in the fifth north climate, are comparable, in point of beauty and fertihty, to any pare of ehe known w'prld ; and ic is cercainly a greac faule in cheir inhabieancs, noc Co have culeivaeed thofe counerfes as chey deferve. In South America, again, ehc provinces in chis climace equal in beaucy, and in riches, any couneries hiehereo difcp - yered. The Cape of Good Hope isfo charming a place^ {hae chere are very few couneries chae equal, and none thac furpafs' ie. The air chere is exceeding whokfonfe ; - Yoi. III. 4 G . the 6oi COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. the foil produces, in abundance, wine, corn, and tht?. ^"^ moft excellenc fruics ; chey hive likewife fuch infiniee quantities of cacele, eame and wild fowl, chae ehe peo ple live, as it were, in paradife. The country of C&r'/i is likewife confidered as one of ehe fineft ih the world; and che ciey of St. Jdgo, ieseapieal, ftands in ehe lati tude of 33 degrees, 40 minuces foueh. The Sppiiards would have us believe, ehac there is nothing equal tq it ; and it is, ae che fame cime, cercain, that che pro- vinces behind it, and which extend quite to the Norch Seas, arc aimoft incredibly fruitful. Such as arc acquainted with different climates, will readily agree wich me, chae ehe heae is much greacer in che Ifland CeyUn, and on the coa&: of Malabar, than in che couneries fieuaced under che corrid zone, and in the firft climate. On ehe other fide, ie is cercain, thac the kingdom of Bengal, and che councry of Surst, are ftill much warmer th$n Malabar, as being in the chird climate, whereas Malabar is in che fecond.' The warmch of the air, and the fcrcflicy of the foil, increafe from ^urat to Delly, which is che capiCal pfthe dbminions of the Great Mogul, the former lying in 21, and ehc lac- ter in 30 degrees lacicude. The heae is much greacer ae Gambron, which is feated on, the Gulf of Balfora, than at Sural, the former being in the 4th climate. All that 1 have advanced is fo clear, and wichal fo cercain, thac ic is noc fiable Co che leaft objedlion : From chefe' remark.s, founded upon experience. We may juftly in fer, becaufe we can invincibly prove, that the fifth cli mate is fuperior to che reft, and ehe countries feated therein, che beft and the moft fertile ; if it was not fo, the heae under' ehe corrid zone would be abfolucely in- fupporeabk, ehe eareh would be burne up, and incapa ble of producing any ching for the nourifhmenc of men, or che fubfiftence of beafts. On the other hand, the nor thern cpuntries, even in the midft of fummer, would . have fo little heat, thac they would produce nothing : We fee however, that, iiiour northern regions, fuch, for inftance, a.vieh a parcel of iflands be tween ly and 16 degrees of foueh latitude, where ehe Afrtcan,Galley was loft, and chcvcrew caken on board ehe oeher foips, excepting the quarcer-mafter and "four feamen, who gpt afoore, and refufed Co come oh board, fqr fear of being punifoed for fome former crimes. Ac ehis tit^ie^ che foips orews were grievquf- TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. 60? ty afflidted with the fcurvy, fome of whom drOp-1722, cd off daily. ' — ' ' The very next morning after they weighed from Mifchievous ifland, they faw, at the diftance of eight leagues to the weft, a new ifland, which they Called Jurera, becaufe iiu the Cammodore's vcffel they dif eerned it as che day broke. The Tienhoven was nearer it ; and, indeed, fo near it, that if the fun had rofe half an hour later, foe muft have had the fame face with tht African Galley, fince'they were but a cannon foot from tne rocky fliore, when the danger was per- ' ceived. The Commodore immediately made the fig nal to lack, which was done with great difficulty, and the foip with mqch ado efcaped. The fright into which this put the mariners, foon after produced a mutiny ; in which the feamen infifted, Pne and allj that the Commodore foould immediately return, or that, at leaft, he foould give them fecurity, to pay them their wages, though they foould be fo unlucky as to lofe their vcffel. To. fay the truth, this demand of the feamen was very juft arid reafonable. They were every day ejcpofed to the moft exceflive fatigues in thefe ftormy and unknown feas ; and, at the fame time, ran the hazard of lofing in a moment all the re ward they were co expedl from chcir labours, ftnce the fuftom of Holland is, thac ehe feamen lofe cheir wages whenever che foip is loft. The Commodore liftened co cheir complaincs wieh a humanicy worchy a m.an of honpur, and immediaeely cook an oaeh, chae whacever _ happened eo che foips, chey foould receive cheir wages to the laft farthing. He kept ie coo wieh ehe uemoft -exadlnefs ; for chough ehc African Galley was loft before, and boeh tile oeher foips were condemned ae Batavia, yet eveiy one of chcir refpedtive crews had cheir wa ges paid chem CO the full, as foon as ehey arrived ac Amfierdam. The ifland of Aurora is aboue four leagues in ex- tene, ehe country covered with a charming verdure, ?l,nd adorned both with high trees; and fmaller wood. > But, 6o8 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. BuCj, as chey found all che coaft rocky and foul, they *''^^ fete ehis ifland coo wichouc landing, afcer having cakeri only a profpedt of itac-a.piftance. Towards evening, eho fame day, ehey had fighe of another ifland, which, for thac rcafon chey called Vefper. It was abpue twelve leagues in circuit, the ground very low, buc, wichal; covered wieh fine grafs, apd ftored wich great plency of various fqrcs of Crees. They continued cheir courfe ftill, fteering weft, co che, heighe of aboue 15 degrees; and ehe nejct rnorqing they difcovered ;^nother country, which, feeing cpvered with fmpke, chey cprtcluded was inhabieed, and chercfpre made all the fail they cpuld, in hopes of meeting wieh refrefomencs : And as chey approached the country nearer, they faw fome of the in-: habicanes diverting chemfelvcs on the coaft in cheir canoes, "They percived likewife, by degrees, that what they had taken for one councry, was, in realicy, abundance qf iflands erouded clofe Co each other; among which chey had now enccred fo far, chac they •found ie a, very difficule ching cp excric:aCe themfelves. in chis fieuacion, ehey fene a man cq che cqp-maft-head, CP difcover a paffage ouc ; and as che weacher was per fedlly ferene, chey had che good luck eo gee once rriore inco ehe open fea, wichouc any accidene ; chough, in pafling by feveral ranges of fteep 'rocks, chey had rcafon eo confider this as a very great, as well as frefo deliverance. There were fix of thefe iflands e^^ceed- ingly beautiful and pkafanc cq che eye, and w,hich, Ca> ken together, could not be lefs than thirty leagues in circumference. They were fieuated twenty-five leagues weft of "Mifchievous ifland : The Dutch gave them the. name of the Labyrinti ; becaufe they had been obliged to tack; feveral times to get clear of the^. -.- * They ftill continued a weft courfe, and difcovered ati ifland in 16 degrees fouth latitude, which they cal fed Recreation; where they had a fkirmifo with the na tives, and many were killed on both fides. i-Thc Commodore, before his .iiieparcure, chought fit Co bold a concil of war, in which he cpttimun^caced cq ^ "^ hf , TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. 60 his oificers che concencs of his inftrudtions; which 17^2 were, ehac if, in ehc latieude'and longitude they were ""^ now in, they could make no difcovery of importance, he foould return home. There were fome of the council who were very much aftonifoed at this order, and could not forbear telling the Commodore, that, being advanped fo far, and having met with fo great encouragement, it would betray a great want of fpirit, if they did not proceed. To this he anfwercd. That they had been already out ten months; that they had flill a long voyage to make to the Eaft-Indies ; that provifions began eo grow very foorC ; and, above all. chae their crew was already fo much diminifoed, and thofe who furvivcd in lb weak a condition, that, if twenty more fliould die, or fall fick, thfre would not be enough left to navigate both foips, not Co mention other reafons of equal imporcance. The crue fecree, however, fays my anchor, of chis fudden change, was ehe greac:.defire chae fome of ehe principal officers had Co gee to the Eaft-Indies ; for ehey were afraid of miffing che monfoon, in which cafe ehey muft have remained ftill fix monchs longer in the South Seas. Thus, fays he, all our grand defign was at once defeated and overturned, after our having taken fuch incredibic pains to fucceed, and after meet ing wich, fo many omens of fuccefs. Some officers, ^ however, oppofed chis motion Co che very laft ; and, .forefeeing rhe mifchiefs chae muft aeeend.ie, earneftly perfuaded the Commodore co aecempc racher wineerin in ehe couneries mentioned by Ferdinand de Qtiiros, from which, as they foev/ed him, chey could noC be above an hundred and fifty leagues, B^C when chey found he was inflexible, a new diipuee arofe aboue ehe pafl'age home : Thpfe who had che good of the voyage only ae heart, infiftfcd perempeorily, chac ic was wrong CO chink of going by ehe Eaft-Indies, fince ic was diredl ly contrary to the defign of their inftrudtions-; thac, by continuing ehe firft courfe, chey muft ri'eceffarily fall in with -fome ifland or other, where they might land. Vol, UI . 4H ' ' take' f » 6io COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, »722. take in refrefoments, and ftay till their fick recovered: That, in this cafe, chey pughc firft of all to eredl a fort for their own fecurity againft the natives ; in the next,; Co crcat thefe people with all imaginable gentknefs and! candour; that, by this means, chey foould infallibly engage them to trade and converfe wich them, which, would enable them to learn their langu:igf, and carry home a clear, diftiodl, and full accounc of the coun try in which they had lived. -They farcher reprefent ed, that, if this propofal was complied with, they. foould have it alvvays in their power to recurn. home, by. , fteering an eaft courfe, and, fty taking time, perfeq effedluglly the difeoveries they were fent to make. The reafons were heard v/ith patience and civility, though they had not the weight that they defervcd ;' and, on the whole, a refolution was takeri to continue' their courfe towards New Britain or New Guinea, and thence by ehc way of ehe Moluccas to the Eaft-Indies^ where they were in hopes of procuring not only afup-' ply of provifions, and' other neceffaries, bue of fea men alio, in cafe, ehey foould be in fo.weak a condicipn.' ' as noe CO be able eo navigaCe their foips back eo £«- rope. By ehis refolueion, our anchor fays, an end was puc eo all hopes of vifieing ehc land of ^^ Quiros, which, ie \yas ehe opinion of the beft feamen on board, ehey ', mighc cercainly and eafily have difcovered. This opi nion of cheirs was grounded upon chice reafons: Firft, chat ehe fituation of this country is better laid down, than thofe of moft new-difcovered countries,- ¦which are not yet thoroughly known. Secondly, that the iflands chey had hitherto met with, agreed, in e- yery refpedl, as to their fieuacion, inhabicants, and product, vvich ehc defcriptiohs in de Quiro's memarialsV And laftly, becaufe' the wind plainly blew off fome concinenc, or very large ifland, and would therefore ' have been cxeremely favoiirabk'co cheir defign, if chey had choughe fiC eo profecuce ic. Our auchor takes oc cafion here to enter into a large difcourfe on the cer tainty of fuch a Ibuthern continent, the advantages ' ¦ - - thaf TO AU STR AL ASIA, &c. 6it ¦ thac wo'uld probably refulc from ehe difcovery of ie, 1722, and the means moft likely eo effedt chac difcovery, che '"^'^^ . fubftance of which we Ihall endeavour eo give che rea der in as tew words as it is poffibk. Ic is very cercain, that the difcovery of Trra Auftra lis incognita is confidered, by many wife and knowing people, as a kind of philofophcr's ftone, perpetual motion, or, in plain Englift, as a chimera, fit only to take up the empty brains of wild projedlors. Yec this leetns co be np fuffic'ent rcalon, why fuch as arc compecenc judges of ehe maecer in difpuce, foould de cide, perempcordy, chae chere is no fuch councry: or, if there be, that it is not worth the finding, Fhefe - fore of hafty conclufions are extrcmtly fatal to fcience in general, and co che arc of navigation in particular. To fay che truth, all notions builc upon conjedture only, however beaucifully ranged in a fyftem, ferve only Co puzzle and miflead people. The difcovery of afl pares of che world feems Co be, ae once, ehe bufinefs and che glory of man. le is ehe peculiar privilege of our fpecies, chac we cm eraverfe ehis globe by land' and waeer, and ehereby become ineeUigene wich re fpedl eo all ehe various fcenes of wifdom, which che wrorld's Creaeor arid ours has difplaycd eherein. This is fufiicient to foew, that there cannot be any thing more noble, or more v;orthy of a great mind, chan the furveying, either in theory or pradtice, the difpo fition of this terraqueous globe, the harmony of its parts, and their relation to each other. Whoever em ploys any part of his time in chis way, will difcern that there is wanting to the eye a fouthern continent, in order to give one fide of the globe a refemblance to the other. This is the firft argument, that there, is fuch a fouthern continent ; the next is, that experience confirms this notion ; the fowls, the winds, the cur rents, the ice, beyond Cape Horn, all confirm this 0- pinion, tha: there is land towards the fouthern pok. We are to confider again, chac chough we have num berlefs voyages, to the Eaft-Indies, and greac many 4H2 - round 6iz COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, , , ' *' 1722. found ehe globe, yec we have few, very few, chrough ^-'v-o thac ocean, in which ehis concinenc is fuppofed eo lie ; and chefe voyages ferve all, in fome meafdre, eo con firm ehis opinion ; becaufe, in every one of cliefe voy ages, fome land or oeher was difcovered, eicher cori* cinenc or ifland. Now, ic is cercain, chac iflands, great and fmall, are feldom, if ever, ae a very greae diftance from a concinenc; and eherefore, where chere are many iflands, ic is ae leaft a very probable fign, chac chere is fomeehing continent not far from them. Thus much as to the certainty of che ching, chac there reafly is fuch a councry. Wieh regard ro- che nexe poinc, Wheeher it is worth the difcovery ? this requires a much more ample in quiry. It is obvious in the firft place, that the difeo-. very of all new lands has a natural tendency to the in creafe of commerce ; of which we have an inftance in the whale fifiiery on the coaft of Greenland, and the trade carried on in Hudfon's Bay ; but, with refpedl to the. lands we are now. fpeaking of, we have as much certainty as the nature of the thing will admit, thac " ihey are really as rich and plentiful, as any countries on ehe face of the globe, wichouc exception. We have already proved, chat the fifth climate is, according to - the laws of nature, the moft' fertile, as well as the mioft wholefome; and ic muft. on all hands be allowed, ehac a greae pare of ehe Terra Au ftralis lies urider chae climace. Ferdinand de. Quiros, in his memorials, "calls ie a fourch pare of ehe globe, and wich good reafon ; for, from ehe weftern poinc of New Guinea, co ehe eaftern e'xeremiey bf ehc councry difcovered by Hernando Gallcgo, chere is afpace of 2000 leagues, a greae pare of vvhich has been, and- che reft may be, cercainly difcovered. Jiut, of all the, proofs that can be offered/ in fuch a cafe, thofe are certainly the moft convincing, that are taken' from fadls. Now • de Quiros, and Torres, who actually vifited thofe iflands, which by their, firft difcoverer Alonfo Savedera, were ciMtdthei^andsof Solomon, not only reppre, chac ehe councry TO AUa i IVAJ-i/lOlA, (J-t. wi^J tp'.lnery is beautiful in profpedt, and exceedingly 1722. fertile in ics produce, buc chac ie abounds alfo wieh ""''^ every ching that has hiehereo been accounted riches, fuch as gold, filver,- precious ftones, and fpices. When the Dutch Commodore quitted the ifland of Recreation, he fleered a north-weft courfe, purfuant to the refolution of the laft council, in order to attain the height of New Britain. The third day after they Tailed, they difcovered in the latitude of 12 degrees fouth, and in the longitude of 290, feveral iflands, which appeared very beautiful at a diftance ; and, as they came nearer, they plainly difeerned, that they were well planted with fruit trees of aU forts; that ehe councry produced herbs, corn, and rooes, in greac plenty, laid out, towards the coaft, in large and regu lar plantations. As fbon as the inhabitants difeerned the foips, they came in their boats, and brought them fifo, cocoa-nuts, Indian figs, and other refrefoments ; in return for which, the Dutch gave them, as ufual, fmall looking- glaffes, ftrings of beads, and other trifles. It quickly appeared, ehac chefe iflands were very fully peopled, fince many choufands of men and wo men, chc former, generally fpeaking, armed wieh bows and arrows, came down eo ehc fliore eo look ac them. They faw, amongft ehe reft, a very majeftic perfonage, whom, from che drefs he wore, and the honours ehac were paid him, ehey eafily difcovered eo be ehe prince or fovereign' of ehis nacion. He prefenc- ly flepped inco his canoe, accompanied by a fair young woman, who fae clofe by his fide. His canoe was im mediaeely furrounded by a vaft number of oeher veffels that erouded about it, and feemed intended for a guard. Afl the inhabitants of thefe iflands were white, and differed noching iri eheir complexion from Europeans, excepc chae they were a lictle fun-burnt. They feem ed to be^a very harmlefs good lore of people, very brifk -and lively, creaeing each oeher wieh vifible marks of «ivility,'and difcovering nothing that was wild or fa vage 6i4 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. yage in cheir .behaviour. Their bodies were noe painc- '"^^cd.like chofe of ehe other Indians they had feen, but ^very. handfomely eloathed from che girdle downwards with afore of. fiik fringes, very nealy. folded. On their .head? they wore hats of a very neat kind of fluff, and very large, to keep off the iun ; and, about their pecks they wore. collars pf very beautiful and odoriferous flowers. The country itfelf appeared cxquificely charm ing, every one of the iflands being agreeably diver fified with hills and valleys, as lovely as imaginacipn can.paine. Some of them were ten, feme fifteen, and fome again twenty miles in compafs. They thought fit to call them Bowman's Iflands, afcer the Captain pf the Tienhoven, v/ho fir.ft difcovered eherri. Weighing frgm Bowman's Iflands, chey continued cheir courfe coWards chc norch-'weft, which gained chem, ehe nexe morning, ehe fighe of ewo iflands ; which chey cook eo be chc iflapd of Coco?, and Traitors Ifland, fp, called by IVilliam Shouten, by whom ehey were difcpvered. Capcain Bowman would very willingly have apprpached chem more nearly ; bue chte Commodore would noe permic him-. The ifland of Cocos, ac ehe diftance chey faw ic,. feemed Very high land^- and abouc eighe leagues in compafs* The oeher appeared eo be much lower, chc foil redj and wichouc trees. This laft ifland, they believed, lay in the latieude of 1 1 degrees,foueh ; bue our anchor in- genuoLifly owns, chae chey failed ae coo greac a di ftahce eo be able eo give any good accounc of chem. I'hey foon afcer faw cwo oeher iflands of very large ex- rear, one of which ehey called Tienhoven, and ehe o- cHcr Groninguen; which laft, riiany of cheir officers were clearly of opinion, was no illand, buc che great fouth continent they were fent to difcover; with ref pedt to whi'ch, however, our author fufpends his judg ment, becaufe the proofs on neither fide feemed to him convincing. As for the ifland of 7/'^«i)ow«, it ap peared to be a rich and beautiful country, moderacely high; ehe meadows exceedingly green, and wiehin- larid adprned wich crees.. They coafted along ehe foore for TO AUS 1 KAL.AS1 A C2-f. 015 for a whole day, wiehout coming Co che end pf ic, 1722, They pbferved, however, chae ieexcended in che fprm "-"'^ ofa femicircle Cowards ehc iflartd of Groninguen ; fo ehac sfter all, ic is yery probable, chae chefe ewo couneries, thac were aC firft caken for iflandsj may, in reality, be lands contiguous eo each oeher, and boeh of chem part of che Terra Auftralis incognita : Yec ou r au thor ac k now- ledges they found, in that neighbourhood, iflands of 150 miles in circumference ; which agrees very well with the accpunt given by Dampier, who affirms, that he found a ftrait between New Guinea, and New-Britain. ; and, if fo, this muft be confidered as an ifland. A great part of the company were for anchoring on the coafl, and making a defcent ; but that is novv become a very difagreeable motion ; and, to be rid of it the more eafily at prefent, the qfficers, who were fo fond of going to the Eaft-Indies, fuggefted, that it muft, at this time, be attended with great danger, fince, if the party landing was cut off, they- fliould not then have men enough kft to carry their foips home. They were o,bl!ged therefore to cpntinue their courfe, how difagreeable foever chac meafure might be to che majoricy of the company, who, as ehey came oue eo make dilcbveries,' were unwilling eo go home wieh imperfedl ftories. Ic was noe now doubeed beic ehat they foould very foon fee the cpafts of New Guinea, or of New Britain ; bue, after faifing many days wiehout feeing any land aeall, chey began Co. be facisfied of ehc vanicy of chefe calculaeions ; buc, at che fame time, could noc help murmuring a licele ae eheir effedls, which were very dreadful, fince che fcurvy began co carry off chree, four or five of eheir beft hands every day: So chae, chough they had already reduced ehree fliips companies eo ewo, chey more chan once delibera ted, wheeher ic niight not be expedienc co burn one of ehc remaining veffels ; and che only argumene ehat reftrained ehem from doing ic was, ch^e, in cafe any accidene befel one, chere was ftill a polfibility left of e- (caping wieh cheoeher. There canrtoc be any ching more . 'terrible 6i6 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. terrible chari chc accouriC our auchor gives of che mife- ^"^^ feries Chey endured. The ofEcers of che Dutch fquadron were ac ehis time under fomc doubcs, wheeher tiiey foould continue cheir courfe as Dam.pier did, or whether ehey foould pafs by ehe iflands of Ternate, Tidore, and Bacian, as the lefs dangerous paffage. To gain eime, however, they made chpice pf ehe firft, becaufe otherwife ehey muft have coafted round che iflands laft mentioned, in order eo come ae ehe Moluccas. Thefe ehree iflands of Ternate, Tidore, and Bacian, are each o~f chem goyern- ed by ics refpeftiye monarch. The Dutch Eaft-India company allow each of chefe princes a kind of annual tribuce, on condicion ehey cue up by the roots afl the fpice- trees that grow, in cheir dominions. The reft of the kings;of the Moluccas, eo ehe number of one hun dred, are aUdependene upon chefe ehree greae princes, Ie is faid, thac, from chefe iflands, ehe chree Magi, or wife men of ehe Eafti of whom ehe Scripcure -fpeaks, wenc Co Jerufalem, and ehence eo Bethlehem, chere Co adore ehe infanc Jefus ; And chey - farther affure us, . that all the little princes of che Moluccas were antjentiy, famous for their fkill in aftronomy ; in which art, they followed principally ehe, grounds laid down by the E- gyptians; and it is farther faid that fbme monuments, . fbme remembrance, of this fadt are ftill preferved in their old books, the leaves of which were made of barks of trees, The Z^w/f/?) Commodore, haying kft the coafls of Bouton, and paffed through the channel of the Moluc^ cas, arrived, after his crew had fuffered inexpreffibk miieries, which, carried oft" the preateft part of cheni, on ehe coaft of ehe ifland of Java, eo\yards ehe clofe of the moneh of September 1722, He anchored immediately wieh his' cwo fliips in che road of Japara ; and faluccd, according eo cuftom, boeh ehe ciey ^nd ehc fore. They quickly hoifted oue eheir foallop.s, in order eo go afoore ac Japar.a '¦,' 1 and, on cheir arrival, were furprifed Co find, that, on foore, TO AUSTRALASIA, etc. 017 ^ore, it was Saturday, ehoUgh, aC quieting eheir foips 1722. they conceived ie eo be Friday morning. The firft ftep '""^ the Commodore and his officers took, was co pay a vi fit to the perfon who refided there on ehc pare of che company, in order eo acquainc him. wieh eheir reafons of coming chieher. This gentieman happened eo be one Enfign Kufter, a very civil, well- bchaived' man ; who inftantiy affembled a councd, co confider whac meafures were co be caken upon chis occafion,. They were all cxeremely moved ac che recital given by the Commodore of the misfortunes they had met with ; and pitied him, his officers, and foips co.mpanies, ex ceedingly, To fay ehe Crueh, chere never was feen a-fec of men more worthy of compaffion. There was nomore than ten perfons in tolerable health kft, among which our author was one ; and no lefs than twenty -fix were down of ficknefs, by which they had loft, in the courfe of their voyage, exclufive of thofe who were killed in their feyeral cngrasements with the Indians, no fewer chari fevency men. As foon as ehey had notifiedtheir arri val, their nexe care was eo gee eheir fick men on foore, which was performed wieh all ehe diligence and cender- nefs imaginable, by flinging ehem in cheir hammOcks into eheir fliallops, There were, however, four a- mongft chefe poor people in fo low a condition, chac it was noc choughe poflibfe to move chem, and eherefore ehey were kfe on board ; che yery choughcs of which, afcer eh'ejr companions were removed; killed ehem. Such as were carried afoore were lodged in an ifland, under cents fee up for chac purpofe, where chey had every neceffary afforded chem, Chac the councry produ ced ; and yet, after all che care ch^c could be cakcn, manyof ehem kfe eheir bones in ehis 'iflandi ¦ Mr. Kufter did noC fail co fend an accounc of cheir arrival eo che commandanc of eh& cOafts of Java, who inftantly tranfmictcd ie Co Mr. Swaardekroorp, who was ae thac time governour-general of the Eaft-lndies. The ai-ifwer he g^ve was extremely favourable. He promf- ' Vol. ill. 4 I fed 6i-8 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, i722.fed to affift them with every thing in his power,; and, if I miftake Irioc, lays our. author, he promifed to/upply us, wich provifions ^nd men; adding, that v/e hadinp- thing to do but to get to, Batavia. as foon as .we could. While thfy waited fpr the serieral's. anfwer, and-the rerovery pf their fick, they paffed their time very a- ,grceably V for their countrymen, having a true fenfe. of the. miferies they h^d endured, did not fail fp ufe e- very means to make them foi get the.m ; which very ¦foon had. its effedt : Infomuch -tjhat, our author ob ferves, their feamen, in a very few days, were as fro lic and gay, as if' they hsd ma,de the moft plea fant and moft fortunate voyage in the world. He, adds, that, it foocked-him extremely to fee thofe, who, . bqt a few days befpre, y/erp weeping, fighingj praying,' and rji^king the warniefl proteftation.s of their leadii,ig. new and regular lives, if God, in his, great mercy,' would be pleafed Co fave ehem, rofining headlong inco the greaceft excrayagancjes. Their whole cime, fays he, was f\ovv fpent in fw^e^ring, ^ri.nking, and in- paf- , fing whofe day.s,,ar]d nights in debaiiehed' houfes. This hqv/eyer,nhe attributes, -in a great meakvire, tq the bad. exa.mpfe of thofe, among whom -they lived, all the lower, fort of peqplf-ac Japar^ being as profligate and le-vyd, as it i;. poiiibje to conceive a peop,le ; infpmuch that the firft queftion nriariy. qf them afk of ftrangers .arrived frpm Europe is, whether they have not btpught fome new; oaths over ; and whether chey cannot teach them a mpre lively and extravagant metjipd.of fwear- The tovi^n pf japara ^s feated, at the bociqm; of a mountainppf a riioderatef height, -is ofa midclling fize, and .'"habited chie.tiy by j5''^.Tirt??if/^, Chinefe, and Dutch- When it ^yas in the hands of theportuguefe, it was much more coniJderabk in extqqt, thf p it is at-prefent. The Eaft-India company, beljbre thty goc poffeflion of Ja- catra, fixed here the principal magazvnes for their merchandtzc, and; it , was, their chief factory, on which ,ajl the fadlories on the ifland of Java vvere dependent; but TO AUSTRALASIA, &c, 619 but that eftablilhment was funk long fince,' che fadto-i722- ry bcinf; eransferred io Samaran. The port of Japara'^'^'^ is eqiLilly fafe and commodious ; and cherc is a fore, built moftly of wood, eredled on the top of the moun tain, at the foot of which the town is feated, that commands the whole road. This is called the Invin- cible Mountain, becaufe when the Portuguefe were mailers of the place, the Javanefe were conftantly de feated in all chc attempts they made to get it into cheir hands. The king of Japara, generally fpeakirtg, refides at a place called Kaltafura, which lies twenty-nine leagues ~ up the country, where the Dutch have a ftrong fort, and a good garnfon ; which ferves noc only co fecure their conqueft, but, at tlie fame time, for a guard to the king. This prince is a Mahomttan, and, accor ding CO che pradtice of moft eaftern monarchs, is con ftantly ferved by women, of whom he takes as many as he pleafes, eicher as wives, or concubines. Some of his pr,efts are obliged to go every year in pilgri mage to Metcha, in order to make vows there for the fafety and profperity of the king and royal family. His fubjecls are extremely faichtul, and, to the laft degree, "devoted to his fervice. The principal perfons- in his Court arc obliged, as often as they have an audience, to approach him creeping on cheir knees ; buc, in cime of war, chis flavifo cuftom is difufed. Such as com mie ehe flighceft faule are poinarded on rhe fpoc wieh a lieele dagg-cr, called a Krid; and as chis is aimoft ehe dftly punifo menc in ufe amongft ehem, fo ehe flighceft as well.as ehe greaceft faults are, among chefe people, ca pical,. The natives of ehis councry arc, for che moft pare, of a very brown complexion, cokrably wcll- fhapcd, and have long black hair; which, howe ver, ehey often cue. Their nofes are flac and broad, and their teeth exceflively bad, which 'is owing t^ their betel arid faufel, which they are chewing conti nually. ' Thefaiffel is a kind of nut, not much unlike, yet 4 I 2 fomething 62® COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, '7'22. fomeehing .fmaller chan che nucmeg, wichouc cafte, and- '""''^ yielding, when cbewedj a red kind 'of juice. Ie is Chis . very juice that the. Indians make ufe of in painting chc chintz, which we admire fo much in Europe. The cree, that bears this nut, is very ftrait, and refembles, in its leaves, the cocoa tree. The betel is a plant, which produces long rank leaves, which, in their foape, re- fembk thofe of the cicron ; in tafte, chey arc of an , agreeable bieeer. The fruie it bears grows in the foape of a lizard's tail, about two fingers breadth long, of an aromatic flavour, and, in its fmqll, extremely grate ful. The Indians carry with them continually the leaves qf betel ; .and, at all vifics, ehey are prefented in cere mony. They are aimoft perpetually chewing them ; and, as the tafte of them is .very' bitter, they, for the moft part, quahfy t^cm with araca, faufel, or the pow der of calcined, oyfter- foells. Thus prepared, they have a very agreeable tafte. After they havfe chewed all the juice out of them, they fpit forth the dry hard mafs. There are fome again, who mix their betel- leaves wich lime, amber, and cardamom-feeds ; oehers again wieh China-tobacco. Abundance of Europeans are goc inco ehc way of chewing ic co fuch a degree, chat ¦ they cannoe leave it off, chough ie has been very facal CO fome of ehem, fince the Indians are fo very fkilful in preparing beeel, chac ic foall do a man's bufinefs as ef fedluaUy as a piftol or a dagger. The prevailing di- verfion among chefepeople is whae chey call cheir tan- dakes, which are, in fadl, a kind of comedies. The ¦women, who adt in, chefe forc of foews, are very- richly dreffed ; bue ehe eneereainmene confifts chiefly in fingr ing and dancing, . accompanied by eheir mufic, which, after all, is not very extraordinary, or very pleafant, gt leaft to European ears. They have no other inftru- , ineni dian aJcindof little drums, which they beat dex troufly enough. As for their dancing, ic is generally of the grocefquc kind, in which, wichouc doubc, chey are excellenc, ehrowing their bodies, wich inexprefli- bkagilicy, inco all forts of ppftures, and expreffing by them TO AUSTRALASIA, (^c. Czf them the paflions of the mind fo comically, that it Is i7j2. limply impoffibk ep avoid laughing, Thefe Indians ^-^ pradtife alfo ehe wardance, in which chcir king,_ and 'his grandees, often cake a foare. They likewife arnufe themfelves, like che £«^/r/^, with cock-fighting ; and lay fuch confiderable fums, that they are often beggared. This country abounds with all the neceffaries of life: Here arc horned cattle, hogs, and an amazing quanti ty of fowls. The only thing that is fcarce here is mut ton, and thac is chiefly occafioned by the richnefs of the pafture, where che foeep burft wich eating : As Co wild creatures, they have buffaloes, ftags, tygers, and the rhinoceros, which animal the Indians hunt chiefly for its horn, of which they make drinking-veffcls, that are valued at a very high rate, from a notion that they wifl not hold poifon, but inftantly break as foon as it is poured into them. The high price of thefe veffels, inftead of proving their virtue, ferves only to Shew, that the Javanefe are ftrongly given to this infamous pradlice of poifoning. The land is every-where ex tremely fertile, producing in yaft abundance pepper, ginger, cinnamon, rice, cardamoms, tfc. Of "lace years ehey have planced coffee chere wieh greac fuccefs, infomuch as they hope, ancl noe without reafpn, cp ren der ie chc principal commodicy of .the councry : As Co fruie-trces, fuch as cpcoas, figs, &c they grow every where ; and, as they arc green throughout the year, and coHftandyplanced in rows along the river-fides, here are the moft beautiful walks in che world. Su- gar-Cancs abound in Java. Their vines bear grapes ' feven times a year, but ehey are fit only for raifins, and noc/or wine, becaufe ehe climace ripens ehem coo ha- ftily. The fea, and aU ehc rivers, furnifo chem wich an infiniee variccy of the fineft kinds of fifo ; fo chac, ¦take ic aleogcebcr, one may fafely affirm of Java, chat chere is not, under the canopy of heaven, an ifland more plentiful, or more pkafanc. Afcer refrefoing themfelves ac Japara for about .a sHioneh, they began eo chink of continuing their voy age 622 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. age to Batavia, irt order to reap there the fruits of the ^-'"^ GovernoUr^General's fine promifes : When all things -\)vere ready; they fpent about two days in taking leave' of their friends, who gave them aU forts of provifions, and much foore of every kind than vvas neceffary for fo fourt avoyagCi At laft they quitted; not without a ferifibk regret, a place where ehey had beeri fo kindly treated, where all their wants had been fo generoufly relieved, and where, after fo many hardfhips,, fu many fufferirigs, they had fpent a few vveeks in peace and plenty. They fteered, in failing from hence, a weft courfe for about feventy leagues, and then, with as fair a wind as they could vvifli,- ertte'red the road of Batavia ; where, as foon as they had faluted the fort, they anchored clofe to the foips that were lading for their voyage home, believing that now all their pains were over, and- that chemfelvcs would be fpeedily the companions of the foips that were homeward-bound; but they foort found that the moft flattering hopes arc not always the beft- grounded ! As foon as the Commodore faW his foips fafely an chored, he -vyent with his captain to hisfoaUop, intend ing to have gone to Batavia; bvit before they had rowi ed we4l from the foip's fide, they faw the fliallop of the commaridant of Batavia rowing cowards ehem, with the fifcal on board, and fome other members of the council. Thefe gentlemen bid the Commodore, go back, which he did without the kaft hefitation ; and by that time both foallops were within hearing of the foip, the Fifcal proclaimed alpud the Governour-Gener ral's fentence of cprififcation. At this time both the Dutch veflels were fo blocked up by large foips of the harbour, thaC ic was irii poffibk for chem eo-efcapc; and noc long after arrived fome hundreds of foldiers, who took both the foips, and their companies, into their cuftody. The Commodore, taught by fo many, and thofe coo fuch unexpedted difafters, began eo /epent €:!ccremely ehac ^Ver he had reCurned- by che rouee of theEaft-lndieS; but it was a little of the laeeftj che ching was TO AyST.RA-LASJA,;5cc. ^23 .was now over, there was no callirigtime back, th?,dil- 1722. fpyery had beeri negledlied, and that n^gkdl ji,i,ftly pu- ^^^ niChed by the fentence; of the Eaft-India Cpiqpa.ny, Wever unjqft in itfelf.. By this Cjnten^e, both fliips were declared gppd' prize, ehe gooqs qn boarcithei;n confifcaeed, and co cue maccers fhotC, fid prevent ^ny trouble from repreientations or memorial's, eyery thing ^as expofed to public fale, and difpofed of eo ehe belt .bidder. ,As for chc crew of both foips, ehey weredi- ,yided, and puc on board feveral foips chae were honit;- , ward-bound. Towards che end of ehc month of March ij[2;?, '^beir fhip bf ing revidlualkd, and ready eo fail, a briflc fou,eh- , fafl wind carried ehem que of ehe bay. Their fleee con fifted of abouc ehree and ewenty fail, chp beft part.qf which belonged eo ehe Company ; the ijeft were, Indira. fhips, chac vvere alfo homeward-bound. They fteered cheir courfe for che ifland of St, Helena, ^'here they ar- , rived in three weeks : When they thought chey yvere preecy nearthCk before, ehey had feen and given chace tpa pirate, and. therefore apprehencled therjc might be more upon that coaft. As they drevy near it, the,- Commodore hred a gun,, as a fignal for the line of battle ; which is, in all cafes, a very ufefql precaution, though it flood them here in little ftead, becaufe, as it fell out, there were np pirates qn the cpaft. . ¦'. The ifland of 5/. Helena lies in che lacifude of 1 6 de grees, 1.5; minuces foueh, abouc 550 leagues from the Cape of Good Hope, 500 leagues from ehe coafc of Brq^ fit,- and 350 from Augufta^ which is ehe neareft land. This ifland is jibouc feyen leagues i,n circumference, cpyered wieh rocky hills, which, in a c^lear day,, may be feen forey leagues off^ac fea. Ie is really furprifing to fee fo fmall an ifland in ehe midft of che ocean, and « ac 52 4 C O MM O D'O R E- R 0 G G E W EI N, * 72 2 at fb great a diftance .from fend, with fp deep a -fea round it, chat chere is fcarce ahy anchorage eo be found. The /'cr/«_^«f/g firft difeovered ic, and that to cheir coft, having one of eheir large Indian foips wrecked hete; of che remains of w^hi'ch they builc a chapel, w^hich, eho' long fihce decayed, ftill beftbws ics name on the fineft valley in che' iflarid. They planted kmOns; oranges, ahd pomegranates,' overall the country, and left chere likewife hogs and' goats; together with partridges-, pi geons, and peacocks, for the conveniency of fuch" foips as foould touch there; but they did noe chink' fie to plarit ie, bedaufe they were afraid fome other nation would difpoffefs thern. There was an hermit who chofe tp live here by himfelf, killing the goats for their fkins, which he fold as opportunity offered," when the foips cafiie in ; but the Portuguefe femovea - hirn, as they- did afcerwards fome Negro-flaves, -who feecled in ehe- mountains. Ic is ae- prefenc poffeffed by trie E'nglifl),'.who. have a good- fort here,.' and are- fo well eftablifoed, chaC ie is troc "likdy any other nation foould difturb them-. The Valleys 'are exceedingly be.iutiful and fertile ; the weather indeed is fomecrmes very hot, bue -ieven tlfen it is very cool upon the' moiintafins, -fo thac chey never can want a place of refreflim^nr.. There is rioC any cotintry ih'the world betcer waeered, che ri- vukcs running from the tops of the bills info the fea, which is never ae a greac diftance, with ftreams as clear as cryllal; nor can there be'any thing tnore pleafant, thari to behold the feamen, fatigiled with a long flay in hot climates,* refrefoing themfelves here by wafoing themfelves in the bropks. Here are rjiuftard-plants, pkrfley, forrcl, purflain, winc^r-crelle.s, and pther herbs, exceedingly good 'fo"r the fcurvy : Neitiier is the ifland. deftitucte of trees, though no'ne fit for timber, but for fuel orily. AH forts of refrefomenesare-to be had here in pkncy, and on reafonable terms ; and, though the're were formerly difputes between the Englifh and Dutch, about ehe poffe'inori-^qf the ifland, yet the former riow ''¦'"'¦ treat TO AUSTRALASIA, Sec. c.^ crcaC chc laecer very kindly whenever their foips put in 1722. here, and furnifo ehem wieh whacever ehey wane, *--^~' They faikd from hence for ehc ifland of /iftenfton, which lies in 8 degrees foueh latitude, about 200 leagues north-weft from St. Helena: It is aboue che fame bignefs wieh the other ifland,: but the foore is excef fively rocky, and the country abfolutely barren; here are peithcr grafs nor trees, but che furface of ehe land looks as if rene afunder; frqm whence fomchave con ceived, noe wichoue greac foew of reafon, ehac here has been formerly a volcano, or fiery mouneain. Noching remarkable happened in our courfe home, tiU our encering ehe Spanift) Seas, chc weacher proved (b bad, ehac the advice-foip loft her rudder. 'I'his acci dent obliged them to go through the channel, in order to purchafe a new one on the Englift) coa^. The French, Danift, and other foips, generally take that rout ; buc che fliips belonging co ehe Dutch Eafi-India Company, are obliged co fail round chc coaft of Ireland, from an apprehenfion, chae in cafe chey mec wieh ftormy wea ther in chc channel, they would be obliged Co puC in eo fome Englijh pore, which mighc be accended wieh many inconveniencies. Such foips, however, as have fuftained any damage ac fea, arc permieted cO pafs ehro' the channel, provided chey are noc in a condicion eo keep ehe fea long enough eo go round ehe Irifh coaft, as was che cafe of chc advice-foip before- mentioned : Afcer ehree vveeks fail, during which cime chey were involved in continual mifts and fogs, they had fight at 'laft of the Orkney iflands, where fome Dutch foips were ftifl employed in ehe herring;fi(hery. In ehe latieude of 60 degreeSj they met with'fomc^foips that were waiting for them, which conveyed them to the coaft of Holland, where every foip entered its deftined port in Jafety ; and thofe on board which the prifoners were, came into the Texel the i ith of July 1723, and five days afcer arrived at Amfterdam, che very lame day ewo years chae chey failed on chis voyage. ypon che recurn of che fquadron, che ' fieuacion of Vol. Ill, 4 K. ! affairs 626 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. affairs was much altered ; for. the We[l- India Company ^"^^ immediaeely commenced a fuic, i-,i behalf of chemfelves, and of che perfons employed on board ehe fquadaon un- ' der cheir profedlion, in order eo obeain fatisfadtion for the injufticc done them by the Eaft-India Company. Theyiet forth in the memorial they prefented to their High Mightineffes the States General, that thefe foips had been fitted out in purfuance of the powers granted to the Company by the States ; that tiiey were not fo much fitted out with a view to the profit of the; voyage, as from the regard had to the advantages that might refult to the Public from their difcOveries ; that, tho' it was true, thefe foips had not perfedled, as indeed ic could noC be expedled, che defign on which ehey were employed, yeC ehey had made great progrefs therein, and fuch as gave hopes of arriving in time at ali that was propofed by this expedition ; that, in doing this, they had fpent a great deal of time, confumed the .beft part, if not all, of their provifiotis, and had endured incredible hardfoips ; which had induced them, or ra- _ ther obliged theni, to think of returning home by the way of the Eaft-Indies ; that they had no defign, and, in fadl, were in no gonditioti, to carry 011 any forc pf trade in thofe parts ; but fought merely to meet with fome refrefliments, and to obtain fuch afliftancc amongft* their countrymen, as, in qualiey of fubjedl:* of die. Seaees of Holland, ehey had a righc eo demand ; chac, immediately on eheir arrival ae Batavia, wiehOuc any hearing, their fhips and cargoes were condemned and fold, and the few men that had fuivived the hardfoips they had endured, not in the Company's d'crvice only,' but th.at of the Public, had been fent' home as crimi nals, prifoners, in the Eaft-India Company-'s foips, notwithftanding thac the Governour-General, and his council, were well apprifed of the nature and circum ftances of the cafe : That fuch a manner of proceeding is extremely dartgerous, not only to the IVeft'-India Company, but to the State, and to the Public, fince it plainly difcourages induftry, new difeoveries, and ehe TO A U S T R A L A S I A, Gfc. 627 the cxtcn fion of commerce. Therefoie it is abfolutely 1722. requilito, their High Mig^'Cineflcs Ihould incerpok in ^^'^^ the prefenc cal'e, as well for ehe feeding ehis. 11, porcine poinc, wich rc-gard to fueuricy, as for che fake of re- drelling tiie Wefl- India Company, ehe officers, and fea men, chae have been chus injured, and giving ehac ia- cisfadlion eo feafaring peopfe in general, vyhich was fo apparendy neceffary eo free chem from ehe apprehen fions of being punifoed by a company abroad, for per forming what was looked upon co be eheir duey ae hotne. The States-general immediately diredled the Eaft- India Company to put in an anfwer to this memorial, chat ehey might, in the firft place, fee, whether they would avow the fadl ; and next, whether any reafons could be alleged to juftify it : The Eaft-India Com pany did not at all hefitate in declaring her approbation pf what had been done by the Governour-general, and his council, ih the Indies. In their memorial, which contained an anfwer to what had been alleged againft chem, they pleaded^ chac ehe Eaft-India Company, in Holland, was originally eredled for fecuring ehe com merce in chae pare of ehe world co ehe fubjedls of ehe States-general, trading under the limitations of their charters; that this end had been moft effedtually an fwered through the prudent management of the com pany, to the envy of all Europe; that it had be^n im- poifibk Co do'chis, or eo maincain che power of ehe com pany in ehac pare of ehe world, bue by the ftridt execu- eion of ehe exclufive claufes in their charter : That the foips of the Weft-India Company were no more privi leged chan any oeher Ihips in this refpedt ; and that, if the Eqfl-India Company had invaded the bounds grant ed to the Company that now complains, they would have taken the very fame courfe that the Eaft-India Company had lately done for the maintenance of their rights, with equal rcafon : That the difeoveries their foips were intended to make, were withih the bounds affigned the Weft- India Company; and their pfficcrs^di- aK 3 _^ Tcdted, : 628 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, ' , i722.redted, by eheir inftrudtions, Co proceed no farther ^"^'^ than a certain latitude, and to return thro' the Straits of Magellan ; with which inftrudtions if they had com plied, this event could not have fallen out, and confe quently there could have been no occafion given for this complaine: That the officers of the £^-/K/^/a Com- ¦ pany, in the Indies, could not adt in any other manner, than as the inftrudtions, grounded on thfe Company's charter, diredt ; and conkquenrly could not, in the prefent cafe, have done otherwife than they .have, with out being wanting if their duty to the Company i. That, eo have prevenCed any ehing in this nature, if .che Weft -India Company had forefeen the neceffity of their foips returning by the Eajt-Indies, they ought to have applied to the Company for their licence, and for inftrudtions, in their behalf, to the Governour-gene ral and council in the Indies ; that, for want of taking thefe precautions, the foips of the IVeft-India Com pany, wl.en in the Eaft- Indies, could not be known or confidered in any manner different from other foips ; but, upon committing any pffence, weie liable to the fame punifoment that would have been inflidled upon private traders : That the very fetting forth of this to be an extraordinary cafe exculpates the olficers of the Eaft-India Company, who have no power of taking notice of any extraordinary cafes, but miift adl in all according to the ordinary rules prefcribcd by their in ftrudtions ; that if they foould either have a power al lowed, or foould affume to themfelves. a power of ac ting otherwife, it would be attended with very danger ous confequences, racher more than kfs prejudicial to the public welfare, thari what has happened in the pre fent Cafe ; that, in reality, there is nothing very preju dicial, much kfs 'iniquitous, in the fade now under cpnlideraeion, fince che feizurc is of no greac'value to the IVeft-India Company, and, with relpedl lo the Public, will be fo far from preventing difeoveries, thac it muft prove a means of promoting them, by obliging fuch officexs, as may be hereaft.r fent upon deligns of . this To AUSTRALASIA, &?f. .629^ .•>>: this nature, to purfue chcir inftrudtions clofe, wichpuc i72'2« iframing expedients eo chemfelves, from a prefumption, ' thac, eo a cafe which they chink cxcraordinary, ehc fee- tied laws of chcir councry muft give way : That, upon the whole, they fubmit ic to their High Mightineffes, whether the charter of the Eaft-India Company, being an adl of ftate, ,Qught not, as-fuch, to be confidered as - a iaw to their fubjedls ; and, whether, if it be not fo confidered, the charter can be of any ufe to the com pany at afl; whether, if the rules of the charter be conlidered as a law by the oflicers of the Cornpany in the Indies, chey have, in ehis cafe, done any more chan was cheir duey ; and whether, if eicher chey, or ehp Company, foould be punilbed for doing cheir duiy, it woijid noe be, in effedt, doing ehe very ching ehac is here complained of as an hardfhip. Ie muft be allow ed, chae ehis defence of chc Eaft-India Company was very plaufible, and carried in ie a greae foew of reafon. ' BuC, according co ehc cuftom of Holland, chefe me morials, after having been cohfidered, were rcmitCed inco ehe hands of ehc proper officer, who was appointed to draw up, not pnly the judgment given in this cafe, but the reafons upon which that judgm6ne was given, which were in fubftance chcfe : The Eaft-India Com pany was eredled ae a eime when ehe maritime power of che Scaee was in ies infancy, and chac of their cncm.ie3 the Spaniards very great in thofe parts ; and that, curi- fequently, what mighc be very righc, and very requi fite, in fuch a fituation, ceafes fo eo be, w^hcn ehe cir cumftances of chings are 'abfolucely aleered, as ae ehis day : Thac it is not a thing to be caken for granced, ehac che greac power, and excerifive dominion, of che Company in ehe Indies is equiyakne eo che power and dominion of the States themfelves, with refpedl to the . general good of their fubjedls ; becaufe this is a fadl which has been doubted by many, and abfolucely con- tradidled by ibme of the greateil flaeefmen in Holland: That, as to the right of the fV(fl-India Company, to do the fame thing in che fame cafe, it proves nothing ; becaufe 630 COMMODORE ROGGfeWEiN, 1722. becaufe it is a maxim, from which the SaaCes will ne- ^"^^^ ver deparc, ehac neither of thefe companies have ac quired, by. their charters, a privilege of doing v/rorig. That the inftrudtions of the Weft-India Company to chcir officers, eo proceed , eo a certain latitude, and return to the Straights of A^/2»-?//aK, iS a clear' proof, ^chat they had not the kaft intent of breaking iri upon the privileges ofche fia/- /«i/,2 Company, ^Or'of fending foips irieo eheir limSes ; and if the officers did hoe obey chefe inftrudtiohs, ie cannoe be imputed ^as a faule eo ehe company, whogavc chem, or as a crime Co ehe officers, who would have obeyed ehem, if ehey could, bue were compelled, by chac neceffiey v/hich fuper- fedes all laws, co recurn as they did : Thac ehe GOyer- nour-general and che council of che Indies mighc very eafily diftinguifo beeween foips coming eo crade, and foips chac foughe a paffage home ; efpecially fince it was apparent, by ehe condition chey were in at eheir arrival in che Eaft-Indies, ehacthey really were in no circumftances of crading; chac cheir neceffities were fuch as chey fee ehem ouc eo be ; and chac chey were wifling Co fubmie eo whacever regulation che officers of the Eaft -Indi aCompany choughe fie co prefcribe, for pre venting ariy inconvenience frOm cheir remaining in chofe feas. The officers of the Eaft-India Company are ftill fub jedls of ehc Seaees of Holland, and are noe ac all bound to execuee ehe inftrudtions of chc Company CO che preju dice of ehe public ; and eherefore Chey muft have a povver of diftinguifoing in fuch cafes, Co prevene their being good fervants to the company, at the expence of being bad fubjedls to the republic. That it was fimply im poffible the Weft-India Company foould demand a li cence for what they endeavoured co prevene ; and that their inftrudtioris, in this refpedl, are inconteftabk proofs of their defire to avoid .any difputes with that company. Befides, the difcovering of new countries is a point of evident advantage to the whole community, and ought- by no means to depend on the v/illor plea fure of any company whatever, fince the benefit of the TO A Ub 1 K AL, ASl A, trr. 63! the whple ought always to take place of the privileges 1722. granted tP any part pf a pepple. The pfficers pf the *"'^'^ 'Eafi-India Cpmpany were the prpper judges of this, and ought to. have made the diftindlion as fubjedts of the ftate pf Holland; for they otherwife might expedl the fame thing with refpedl to fliips of war : arid, un der colour of fupporting the privileges of the compa ny, eredl a new and independent fovereignty in the In dies. This entirely deftroys the notion of great incon veniencies that muft arife from the officers of the com pany affuming to themfelves fuch a power ; becaufe, if they have not fuch a power, they are not at liberty to diftinguifo between the obedience they owe the com pany, and their duty to the public. That this method of treating thefe foips will contribute to the promoting difeoveries, or to any other good end whatfoever, is a thing not to be prcfumed upon the company's af- , fertion, fince the contrary is much more probable. This forces one to obferve, thac there is no point, in which the private intcrpft of this or any other compa ny more plainly interferes with that of the publfe, than in this of difcovering lands hiehereo unknown ; for, as chis would infallibly coneribucces ehe exeen- fionof commerce in general, fo icis no lefs plain, ehac it would hurc che incereft of ehe company in pareicu lar; efpecially, if ie be crue, chac ehe couneries made known by chis yoyage abound wieh fpices, and oeher rich commodities of che Indies^ le is ehis refledeion ehac oughe eo incline us co fufpedl, chae ehc coming in to thofe feas was not the only crime that drew on chc perfons on board ehc foip fo heavy a punifomene, buc rather that it was aggravated by ehc reports received of eheir difeoveries ; and, iffo, ievery much impores ehe ftace co prevene chings of chis nacure, fince, as the Eaft-India Company cannot prevent other nations from attempting fuch difeoveries, the plain corifequen-^ ces of this condudt of theifs muft be, placing the reft of the fubjedls of this ftate in a worfe condition, than if chey were the ^j. jc Is of any other power, which is , ?¦• ' '' a 632 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, *722. a ehing chac pughc by np means cp be permieced. As ^^""^ Co chc value of ehc foips, and cheir cargoes, ic cannot alCer ehe cafe at allj for, wheeher ic be greae pr lietk, fatisfadtion ought to be made for whac has been unjuft ly caken away ; and, as co ehe fending home che rnen on board chefe foips as prifoners, ic has evidenely the worft tendency ehac can be ; becaufe, while chey were *'8i ehe fervice of che public, they were efpecially under iCs proecdion ; fo chae, Co pafs by fuch an adl wieh im punity, will'be to facrifice the honour of the govern ment, and the fafety bf the nation, to ehc perogacivcs of a, company mifunderftood. Befides, foOuld ehis fencence of ehe governor-general and council of ehe Indies be fupporeed here, as ehe memorial from che Compafriy defires, ic would undoubcedly occafion fre quenc mutinies, firice a foip's company could not pro mife themfelves protedlion from their obedience to their officers lawful commands, but muft ftand expofed to the arbitrary cenfures of artother authority, with the cuftoms Of which they cartrioc be acquainecd. On the whple, ' chereforc. We Pughc tP conclude, thaC, in this cafe, the governour-general and council of the .Indies have exceeded ehc bounds of cheir legal aucho- ricy, and done whae cannoe be juftified by ehe Compa ny's chareer, which confequenely cannoe be weakened in any refpedl, by chefecririg ehis fericerice afide, and redrefling ehe pareies injured ; which oughe, chereforc; Co be done immediaeely, and in an exemplary m,anner;, chac che Eaft-India Company, and chcir ofliccr-s^ may, for che future, learn eo make fuch diftindltqns, as are requifite for the fecurity of commerce in general;, and for the fafety of the fubjedls of this ftate in particular., Accordingly their High Mightineffes the States- ge neral ordered and decreed, that the Eaft-India Compa ny foould furnifo ehc /i^,e/?-/W/fl Company wich two, new foips, completely rigged in every refpedl, betcer than thofe which they had condemned and conflfeated v that the former foould likewife pav, to the latter the full value pf their cargoes, fo foon a^hat value could be fixed TP AUSTRALASIA, &c. 633 fixed and afeercained ; ehac, wieh refpedl cp che crew 1722. »f bpth foips, the E^ft-Indi a Company fliould pay them ''-'^ their wages, to the time of their xetx^rn to Holland % thac, moreover, the faid company fliould pay all cofts of fuic, befides a cercain fum Co che public ufe, for having thus 'abufed their auchoricy. Such was chc end of ehis imporcant concroverfy, and fuch the wife and equicabfe. decifion of ehe Seaees General, on this dif puce beeween che ewo companies ; which has been che more largely infifted upon, becaufe, chough ie fell oue in Holland, yet che poinc in debate concerned e- qually fomc other countries ; to fay the truth, every country, where there isan exclufive company eftabUfh- „ed : And I cannot bue be perfuaded, ehac every inv- pareial reader, who confiders the reafons on bpcfi fides, as chey have been before clearly ftaeed,, will be of q- pinioH, chac chcir High Mightineffes diAfoguifoed •very juftly beeween the particular advancages refuleing tpa company eftablifoed by eheir .auchoricy, and ehe common benefie of all cheir fubjedls, for -the mainta'm- ing arid promoting of which cheir .own auchoricy is e- flabliffied. There is one thing more I muft obferve .upon^fhis feneence, and ic is chis ,; ehac ehe ftace have given boeh compariies a , rule, by which rhey ought CO regulace their condudl for the future; and have thereby, in all probabifity, prevented fuch exceffes, as , by chis fentence tiiey punilhcd ;: .Afid yet, perhaps, this accident hindered the profecution of the difcove- rks whjch this voyage had fp happily begun. The remarks that I foall make upon this voyage fo^ll ^ he confined to a few heads, and thofe of fi-ich .a nature, as may coneribute at once to the reader's amufement artel information, as well as to the ckariqg up fomc points that may feem a I'lttle obfcure in che foregoing voyage. In the firft place, it is worth obferving, that the. Weft India Company in Holland hath been long in a de clining condition: which, inftead of difpiriting the diredlors, has engaged them tp curp their thoughts pn t^ery method that could be imagined for che recovery VoL.lIL 4I.. of «34 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. of chcir affairs. There is fo wide a difference beCweeri ^""^ our companies, and chofe in Holland, chke ie may noc be ainifs co give a concife accounc of ehe flourifo ing ftare of chis company, the rather, becaUfe ie Will ihew whac gCeae chings a board of mercharic-s, for fuch the diredlors generally were, can manage. It appears by the books qf the company, tha^c, inthe fpace of thir- teeri years, thalt is to fay, from 1623 Co 1636, they fitted out to fea eight hundred foips, either for war Or trade ; and thac chc expencc of building, equipping, arid feamch's Wage's, df chefe, coft chem forty-five mil lions of florins ; and 'that, ip the fame fpace of time, they had raken from their enemy five 'hundred -and forcy-fiVe veffels, valued in ehc ;whdle ae fixty miK 'lions ; befides which, chcir fpoils amounted Co chirty millions! aC leaft: Buc che greaceft df foeir ex- 'ploies v/is, that of -feizing the Spanip^ Rotz ac the Ha- vdnna, by cheir admiral Pgtgr Heyn, by -^hieh ehey gained feven milHons of pieces of eighe in mortey, and in foips, brafs cannqn, and qcher milicary'ftores;'abpVc ten milliqns: Such were the flourifoing times of che company. The caufes of cheir decay fecnied to be priricipally chefe : Firft, their'cmulaeipn ofch^?-£^l«y?-/iB- ^/^ Company, which induced chem Co make ehc con- (pxtSk of Braftl from the crown of Portugal: This ehey achieved ae a vaft expence; and chen appoineed Coune MAurice of Naff au governour-general, whp managed their affairs wieh greac fkill and prudence. Bue chen, fccondly, che defire chey had qf managing all chings chemfelves, and. their repining at the expence pf that prince's gqVcrrimcnc, was another caufe qf cheir misfor- cunes ; for che merchancs, who had condudted ehein affairs w ithgreat wifdqm arid 'capacicy, while they confined themfelves to commerce, arid a maritime war, foewed themfelves but indiffcrcriC ftacefmen ;.and; in a very foore time, foft all thac Pririce Ma&rice had acquired, bringing, wichal, fuch a debc upon chc Company, as, iri' che end, compelled ehem to donfertt rtfatilffolUtion. Thf? T 0 A U S T R A L A S I A, &c. 635" The new Pf^eft-lAdia Cpmpany, warned by che ex- 1722* topic of chcir predeceffors, have kepc more within """^ bounds, and have certainly managed their affairs with great ceconomy and prudence In the year 1 714, chey focmcd a project of a very cxcraordinary nacure, which,. if ie had caken place, mighc very probably have erans- ferred ehe whole commerce of Europe co ehc Dutch. This confifted in ehe uniting of ehe Cwo companies, I mean chofe crading to ehe Eaft and Wc(l Indies, In order eo chis, they offered co eransfer all ehac ehey pof- fefTcd in Africa and Attierica co chc Eaft-India Company, in confideration of abouc 120,000!. Seerling; which fum /Che propriecors of che prefent fVeft- India Company were CO have accepced in Eaft-India ftock; and nine diredlors were eo have been added eo ehe prefenc college or board of Eafi-India diredlors, for chc ma- nagemcncof chis additional crade. Ae chc fame eime, they offered a calculation, by which ie appeared, chac the funds of che fVeft-India Company, which, accord ing eo chis projedl, were to be cransferred co ehc Edft- India Company, would more chan defray all the ex- pence that ehis conjundlionwould create. The benc hes that would have arifen from this incorporation of the two companies into one were many and great, and ¦which, perhaps, is of no lefs confeqwence, equally, vi fible and certain ; for, as things now ftand, the Weft- . India Company purchafed the Couris and the Boefies, which are a fort of foells that pafs for money through all the fldve-coaft of Africa, from the Eafi-India Com pany, who, on the ' other hand, purchafed from ehe Weft-India Company a greac part of the gold they bring from the coaft of Guinea. Th s kind of traffic, bychis fcheme, would be entirely in the Etft-India Company, who would immediately ingrofs the flave- trade into their own hands. By theeredting fortreffes, and raifing fettlements in feveral parts c^ Africa, which would be eafy for them, though the circumftances of the Weft-India Company would never permit them to attemf-i; h things, fuch a prodigious wealth would 4 L 2 accrue 636 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, ' 1722. accrue, on che one hand, by faving che expences of" '"^^ bringing home from *ehe Eaft-Indies commpdities fie for the African trade, and from Africa goods proper for the Eaft-Indies, which,, according eo chi's plan, mighc be , cranfporeed diredlly in boeh cafes, wichouc ever com ing eo Europe at all ; and, on the oeher hand, by iri- larging ehe commerce both ways, che power and the influence of the company would be fo increafed, thatit would be fimply impoflible for other nations to con tend Vt'ich them in eicher crade. Thefe fettlements in Africa would alfo be, attended with another extraordii- ¦ nary advantage, that of difcovering feveral rich mines of gold; of which, whatever informations the /if-?/?-/K4iJ Company may have had, they never could attempt to work them, becaufe, knowing their own weaknefs, chey were apprehenfive, ehac fuch an aetempC; inftead of proving advancageous to them, might have indu ced other nations to have accacked ehem, and thereby have expofed cheir councry co ehe lofs of what might be, cercainly gained, if undereaken by fo powerful a body as ehe Eaft-India Company. The commerce of che grain-coaft of Guinea, chough of no confiderable value to the Weft-India Company, woflld prove of in credible advantage, when in the hands of the other company;, becaufe the grain tranfported from y^i« is, a great part of it, confumed in the Eaft'Indies, and is fo riecciTary a commodity there, that the Eaft-Itidia Company would have it in their power toraife and-fall t.he price of pepper as they thought fit ; which would enable them to bring about what they have folong endeavoured, the getung into their hands the monopo ly of that,' as well as other fpices; which, perhaps, will never be "attained by any other means. "The pro per commerce of .the fVeft-Ind-ies alfo would become infinitely rnore confiderable under their martagem'ent,. than it wotild be any other way ; and this efpecially by erecting magazines for Eaft-India commodities in the ifland of CKrjc<.7(7,'from whence ehey mighc be eafily fent into ehe Spanifl) IVeft- Ir.dies, and would produce a migh ty TO AUSTRALASIA, &c. e^f ty profit, though fold at a much lower rate than the 1722- fame kind of goods, which are annually brought into """"^ that country by the Manilla Ship, How it came to pafs, that this propofal was rejcitcd, does not concern my prefenc purpofe ; and chereforc I ffiafl only obferve, chae, afcer ehis propofition was re- jecT-ed, ehc diredlors of ehe Weft-India Company "very wifely curned cheir choughcs anocher way. Ie is very probable, ehac the encouragement they gave to Mr Roggewein's propofition might be, in fomc meafure, ©wing to the ill-treatment which this projedl had re ceived : For what was more nacural, afcer failing in their fcheme of uniting eheir company Co chae of the Eaft-Indies, than to aim at coming in for a foare of thefe commodities, fo neceffary for their commerce, by fome other way ? And what way fo proper as that pro pofed by this voyage; which' would, in effedt, have put the moll valuable pare of ehe Eaft-India crade inco eheir hands: And ehis coo accouncs for ehe cxcraordinary heae and violence of ehe Eaft-India Company, againft chofe who were concerned in ehis difcovery. The reader will eafily recolkdt an inftance of ehe fame fort of fpirie, which ehey had foown long before, in ehe cafe of James le Maire ; and whae pains chey took eo difcredic his difeoveries. Here we fee che crue fecree of thac difpuce, which was fo warmly managed by boeh companies, and fo wifely decided by ehe Scates- -gencral. When the Eaft-India Company perfetuted ancl deftroyed le ^aire, the government did not inccr- pofe, becaufe, at that time, the maintenance, of the power of chc Eaft-India Company was of ehe higheft conlequence Co chc bCaecs : buc fuch as were concern ed in chae expedieion appealed Co ehe public againft ehe injultice ehey had received, and were heard wich all chc favour they could expedl : Bue, by degrees, as the go- varnmcnc of Holland became more feccle^, and cfpe- ¦cially firice fuch have had a foare in che adminiftration of public affairs as were well acquainted with crade, ehe concerns ,1 «5* ^aMMaiDORE ROGGEWEIN^i 17221. concerns of the Eaft-India Company are epjafidered- lit ¦"^^ a» new lighc, Thac confummate ftatcfriianand patriot JohndeWitti was ehc firft who explained che maecer clearly ;, and his , -wprds are fo applicable eo ehis fubjedl, ehat I cannofi forbear citirig them, a-s moft worthy of the reader's at tention : " "When die Eafl-hdiot Company, fays hc; *' had accained eo a cercain excene of power and gran- ," deur, cheir incerefts came noc only eo; clafli wiebj " bue grew abfolucely oppofice eo, chofe of chcir coun- ^ *' try : For whereas the advantage of the Dutch nation " confifts in the increafe ef their manufadlures, com- " merce, and frcighe of foips, ehe intereft of Che " councry inclines chem co promoee the- fele of fo- " reign manufactures, and chae wieh ehe leaft traffic! *' and navigation that is in eheir power. Hence ie is a " feecled poinc, that, if the Eaft-India Company can •' gain more by importing Japnn cloths, Indian quilts^ ^' carpecs, chinczes,, than raw filk; or if the compa- *' ny, by creating a fcarcicy of rtutmegs, mace,, cloves, *' cinnamon, and oeher fpices, can raiife, che price of " chem, fo as eo gain, as much by 100 cons, as chey ** would ocherwife gec by 1000 ; we are notco expe^^ *' chac ehey foould imporc chofe raw filks, or be ac chc " expence of eranfporting 1000 tons of fpice, though " the former would affift our manufadluFcs at home, " arid the laecer increafe our navigation." This is fo plain, and agrees fo evidenely wieh che incereft of all nations, as well as of Holland, chat ie is impoffible for any unprejudifed perfon nor co difcern thac all exclufive companks deftroy, inftead of pro moting, ehe commerce of ehc couneries where chey arc eftablifoed. The fame greac writer obferves, thac ehc more any company exeends ics foreign conquefts, the more of eheir ftock muft, of neceffiey, be fpenc for che prefervation and defence of fuch conquefts ; and corifequenciy che greacer chcir dominions, che lefs the company is able Co mind che crue incereft of chat Cr^de, for che promoting of which they were eredled. The reader TO AUSTRA-LASIA, &:c. 63^ reader, from the large and accurate accountwhich vreijxi, havc>lacely -given h'rm,'of ehe itatc of ehe Dutch com- ^'"'^ pany's affairs in ehe Eafi- Indies, will the more readily ertcer into, and fee che juftice and force of, this judi cious obfervation. This leads me CO (remark, chae, in aill countries where fuchcompanies are already eftablifoed, the only meehod chat can be taken to .prevent che cenfequences that muft attend them, is to play one coriipany againft another ; that'is to fay, the ftate ou^ht always ca en courage -anti precedt ChaC company, which is moft in clined coproffiQCe national commerce, and ehe expor tation of ehe gpodsandnianufadtures of che country in which itis feetkd. We -have feen whac advaneage che ¦Dutch draw from having a company-king amongft chc '7»iiM,'2princes of every ifland ; and therefore we can- noe-be at alofs-for ehe benefies, thac muftrefulc-from the having the nation's company ampngft thofe. exclu five companies, -ere<5led in every nation. Upon this 'principle it was -that the ftaees-'gerieral, in ehe prefentt eafe, fp much'faV'oured ehe Weft-India company : For a lictie ateeneion -will foew, thac, in this inftance, chey -wcre che nation's company ; chac is co fay, by endea vouring eo difcover new couricrics, which muft have been ateended' wich ah increafe of commerce, and of 'foipping, they purfued chcir country's intereft, as well as their own. And, as this isa point thac deferves eo be illuttraced, give me leave eo fuppofc, ' chac, in con- ¦fequence of this voyage, a fecticmene had been made \\\ Eafter-ifhnd: In order Co fupporc chis, anocher fqua- •i^ron muft have been fene, cogecher with a frefo fupply of people for ehe colony ; and,in procefs of eime, as chcir crade and difeoveries increafed, annual fquadrons would have gone, and recurned; which muft have been highly advantagcotis-Co -/#(5//a«^. Befides^ it is' a great matter to revive a fpiiit of trade and difcovery; for let any one confider howfoon all the continenC and iflands of yhner-rd-:. -.vsrc as well known as-they are at prefent, after they -.vere f^r%. found by CohrMus, and ¦ .-- hc 640 COMMODORE ROGGEWEIN, 1722. he will be aeno lofs;eo difcern ehe probabihcy of cfJaT "¦"''^ blifoing a large rrade in chofe fouehern couneries, which arc fo imperfedlly known ae prefenc. Add CO this, chat there cannot be a moretriie or certain maxim than this; that though particiilar per fons,, and efpeciallycpmpanies, gain mpft by pld and fettled trades, yet a new commerce contributes moft to the enriching of a people, becaufe it incrcafes the num ber pf workmen in all manufadlures ac home, qccafipn$ the building new foips, heigheens chc number pf feat men, and, in "one word, inlarges and ftrengchens thac fpirie qf ipduftry, which is fo neceffary co chc well-being of a, crading nation. Another reafori ehat mighc poffibly engage ehe. llaCes eo fkvour the Weft- India company in this defign, w'as che cendcrtcy it had to promoee ehat kind of navigacion, which, fpr this laft cencury, has fallen aimoft inco difufe; I mean, the navigation round Cape Horn into che Spuch-Scas, upr on che difcpvery of which pur anceftprs piqued chem felves with fp muchjuftice, Tne mqre pnp refledls on chis, ehe more one is amazed ae che indqknce of ehc prefertt age, efpecially confidering the iU confequences chac plainly refulc frpm ie. already. The ftqrms about the Cape of Good- Hope wexe more terrible to our an ceftors, in ehe very dawn of navigaciqn^ Chan ehe dou bling Cape Hornis eo fome people ac chjs hour, after fp omany voyages have been made round ie, a|id ehac epPj by. cheir own- countrymen, as well .as ochers. Capcain Cowley paffed ie cwice, Dai^pier ehrice, Clippertonis of-^ ten ; and yet now, afcer cyventy years dilufe, ic is he- come a greacer bugbear than eVer. It was therefore high time for. the Dutch, who faw the ftrench yearly bringing large; fums out of the South-Seas, to try whether their fubjefts could nqt be as fortunate, with- - o^'t engaging in a cqncraband trade with the Spam-. erds. " The author of this voyage gives a very diftindt " account of the iflands of Java,- Borneo, the city pf *' Batavia, and pther Dutch fcttlemertts in che Eaft- Indies t. TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 641 "Indies, affo a very curious and particular detail of ^7^^ I— Y>J *'. their crade in chac pare of chc world ; bue we are " forry chac chc bounds wc have alloeced co ourfelves " prevencs our giving ehem a place in chis volume. •f The reader may confulc Harris's Voy ages page 280, '^^f. of vpl. I. H*H***********-***'***************'*'***+***'*t ARTICLE X. LOZIER BOUVET, cp Magellanica. IQU'VET, pn his recurn from chis yoyage, had ehe U^' journal of ie princed ac Paris, and ehence inferced in che memoirs of Tre-voux, February 1740. The Sieur Buache formed a very good chare from chis jourqal, on which he has craced exadlly che rouee of ehe cwo veffels, and alfo a yiew of Cape Circumcifton, and che i- flandsofice, which furround ie. The following ex eradt, wc doubc noc, will be agreeabk eo our readers, boeh on accounc of ies utility, and alfo becaufe this is ics firft appearance in our language. We .left Port L' Orient ]uly 19, 17 38, and foaped our courfe for the ifland St. Catharine. Hence we faikd again in fearch of unknown lands, which, by pur in- llrudlions, we were to lookfor about 44 degrees fouth- latitude, longitude 355 degrees. November 26, in lat- Uide35 degrees, longitude 344, we began to meet with fogs, which, continued clofe with us, and v>'et our cloaths like rain, and was ofeen fo thick, thac even when ehe cwo fliips were lb near chae we would cheer our confores cre-w working, yec we could noe fee ehem. "We always fired guns during ehe day, and had our l^nchorns ligheed ac nighc, noewichftanding all which we had much difiiculty ep keep cogecher. In the firft Vol. Ill, 4 IVl' " week i642 LOZIER BOUVET, 1739' week of December, frpm 39, CP 44 degrees latitude, '"''^ we find che herb called by pur failprS Goulmon, which eicher grows ac che boCCom of the fea herea bouts, or elfe is torn by the waves from ehe rocks. This fea weed we faw for many days cogecher, Tho' ic was now fummer, yec the weacher was 'cold, wich frequenc foowers of hail, and claps of chunder. The. birds now began co foow chemfelves in much greacer numbers chan formerly. Some of chefe refembkd land fowl, which made us think we were near fome coaft, buc wc found no ground wieh 180 fachoms of line. December 10, we found ourfelves ae chc inccrfedlion of che 44eh parallel wieh che firft. meridian, where che chares commorily place ehc Terra del Vifto, or the Cape of the Southern Continent, Still, however, wc faw no land; wheeher ie was chac che fogs hindered us from, feeing it, or chac in reaficy chere is no land chereaboucs, excepc fomc fmall ifland, or perhaps iflarids . of ice, which had been caken, ac a dillancc, for a coaft: On the i5Ch of December we firft faw ice in a lacicude cor refponding eo chae of P^n'j. I was much pleafed- on feeing chis ice, as Icook it for a certain fign of land being near us. I had obferved that the height of thefe icy ifles generally correfpofided with thac of che lands near which chey were formed, and chefe high lands are generally fafe CO approach. We faw fome of chefe iflands of ice fo high, ehac we cpuld obferve ehem eighe leagues off, and when chefogs cleared up, chey pre fenced us wieh, feveral amufing figures, refembhng for treffes, houfes, foips, etc. ' - In thefe unknown feas, ehe rifques we run were ve- ry greac, for ehe ice is much more dangerous chan che fhore, as each piece of ie is a floating rock, againfl: which, were we driven, there could be no hope of fa ving our lives. The fmalkr pieces of ice are even more dangerous than' the larger, becaufe ' they fwim juft level with the furface of che wacer, and.when ehc fea runs high, ie becomes very difficulc eo diftin guifo chem. Thefe dangers began to difcourage the crews TP MAGELLANICA, ^e. 643 crews, fp ehac, in order "to animate them, I read chofe 1739. articles of pur inftrudtions in which rewards were pro- ^¦'^'^ mifed in cafe ehc difcovery was perfedled. We now made fail eo die fouehward, bue were quick ly fo hemmed in wieh ice, ehac wc were fprced eo ftand eaftin ordcrcofind fome paffage. -The fea here was very deep, and we faw greac numbers of divers, penguins and fea wolves. The needle gave differene variations on differene compaffes, declining 24 minuces eaft on one, while on anocher ic would vary 50 minuces weft, with the fame irregularity of motion . thac has been obferved on approaching the ice in Hudfon's bay and Davis's ftraits. January i, 1 739, 1 difcovered land. Ie was exceed ingly high, covered wich fnow, and aimoft hid in fogs. From ehe feftivalcekbraecdon chis day, I called it Cape Circumcifion ; and chc piloc of ehc Eagle, who firft faw ehis land, had a reward of ewency piaftrcs. Ic lies in ^4 degrees foueh lacicude, and abouc 27 degrees, or 28 . degrees longicude, ftreechi_ng from norch-weft co foueh- eaft. Ics coafts are very high and rugged, and fo pe ftered wieh ice, as co be quite inacceffible. We found ic furrounded wich liccle ifles of pure, hard ice, ftanding up ewo or chrec hundred feeCpcrpendicular, and from one, CP Cwo or ehree leagues in circumference. Here ehe needle varied 6 degrees, 50 minuces weft. On ehe €th of January wc were fuddenly furrounded by a pro digious flighe of fowls, of chc fize of a pigeon, and quice whiee. We kepe ftandi^jg along Chis courfe du ring 12 days, wichouc daring to go near the foore, or eyen to fend our boats afoore, on account of the fogs, the ice, and ehe concrary winds. Hence wc ftood eaft ward, under 57 degrees laritude, till January 25, in which time we ran 425 leagues, always along the ice, and feeing great numbers of whales, fea wolves, and c- ther large fifoes, Defpairing at length Co find an inlet hereaboucs, wc quiceed ehe Auftral land, which feemed inacceffible, and ftood co ehc norch-eaft, in hopes of finding che coaft chac Gonneville landed on, and which 4'M 2 his 644 COMNfODOkE A'NSON, 1739-his accounc affirms Co lye in che lacicude correfpondirig '"^'^ CO- chae of Fraw^. Nexe we foaped a north courfeco longicude 52 degrees, and faw greae quantities of ehe fea-weed we mentioned before, quite to latitude 43 degrees. Here the' two veffels feparated^ the ^agl^ ftandirtg -for the iflarid Bourbon, while L lefurned to France with the Mary, by che way of the Cape of Good Hope. I landed the 24th of June, 1739, having not loft a man during the fatiguing voyage, eXcept one,- who fell over board near the ifle of Fernand Norofiha, A R T I C L E X , COMMODOR'E ANSON, to MfigellanlcM.. . .. . - , \ As this famous voyage is perfedlly knowrt, by Mr. Wal ter's excellent narrative, we here take in only what relates to our. prefent plan, that is, the Com modore's paffage from Rio de Janiero, tiirhe got in to the South-Sea, round Cape Horn, wiih a foort fummary of cheir voyage after that, a voyage fcarce ever performed before in that adverfe feafon of the year, and which nothing but fhe fltiU and CotiragC of Englift) navigators could have accompliflicd. Pity it was, that che lives of fo many of our brave countrymen were fo idly facrificed on this occafion, by theftupidicy and ignoVance of thofe, who then had the direction of publitk bufinefs; who, by, un neceffary delays, retarded the Commodore till the fa vourable feafon was p.:ift, and expofed him and his fquadron to aU the horrours and dangers ofa Magel- lanick winter. Every body ktiows how fatal thefe were to the fuccefs of the expedition. Buc had Mr. Anfon got round the Cape during the furhmer, his force would, in all human probability, have been iri- , , ' tire TO M A G E L L A NI C A, e5rr. 64^ tire when hc got to the coafts of South America ; and thus he would have been enabled to have vlif- trcffed Spain to a very great degree in that quarter, whenceall her means of carrying on a war are deri ved. May his hard fate induce our miniftry to avoid finiilar errors, if ever a future war call upon us to adt again in thefe feas. " was intended, thac a confiderable body pf land- j_-„ forces foould fetve on board this fquadron ; and o-^-* accordingly 500 invalids and marines were embar ked, under their proper officers, to be commanded in chief by lieutenant colonel Crachercde, now governour of Landguard fort. There were feveral accidents which concurred to hinder the departure of this fquadron for fome time; but at laft, every thing being in perfedt order, and their equipage in every refpedl complete, the Commodore gave his orders for the officers -and feamen to repair on board, and that every thingfoould be ready for fafling by the middle of September 174O; and accordingly, upon the i6th of the month, he fired a gun as a fignal to unm.oor. The fquadron then cdn- fifted of the following foips of war, and oeher veffels ; Ships. Commanders, Guns. Men, Centurion, Commodore G. Ar.fon, Efq; 60 513 Cloucefter, Norris, 50 350 Severn^ Legge, 50 350 Pearl, Mitchell, 40 250 Wager, . Kidd, 18 140 Trial Sloop,. The Hon. G, Murray, Efq; 16 80 Tenders. Anne pink; Ifiduftry, which was Cp go only to a certain latitude. On 6^6 COMMODORE ANSON, 1740. On September j8, 1740, the Commodore fired 3 ^"^^gurt as a fignal to weigh ; and, by ten in the evening, the whole fquadron was under fail. It was obferycd at chac time, ehacthey faikd ac a differene feafon of ehe ' year from fome who had gone chat voyage before. Capcain Rogers, in chc Duke, failed froni Briftd in che moneh ofjune 1708 ; Captam Clipperton, in the month of February 1 7 1 9 : Yet, perhaps, there was not fo rnuch in this circumftance as fomc people imagiae ; firtc?e Sir John Narborough, who was an experienced feamen, failed for the Straits of Magellan on the 26th of September 1669; ^nd other inftanees might be given of great officers, who chofe this feafon of the year. They concinued cheir courfe, wichoHC meeting with? any accidene of imporcance, till on Odlober 28, chey came co in anchor in ehe road of Funchal, off che ifland of Madeira, where chey found cwo privaeeer floops, who faluccd che Commodore wich nine guns, and were anfwered by feven. As ehis was a proper place for ca king in waeer, wine, and other refrefoments, che fqua dron made fome ftay, chough ie was lace in ehe year. On che 3oeh, ehey celebrated chc anriiverfary of bis majefty's coronation ; and, in che beginning of chc fucceeding moneh, goc every ehing on board as faft a9 poflibfe, chae ehey, mighc be able Co failvyiehout de lay,• While chey continued in Funchal road. Captain Norris, of chc Gloucefter, who was in a very ill ftaCC of hcaleh, obeained feave eo recurn home ; which oc cafioned fome aleefaeion in ehe command: For Capcain Kidd, of ehc PVager, was made Capcain of ehe Pearly Captain Mitchell was removed from che Pearl into the Gloucefter, Captain Murray fucceeded Captain l^dd in the PVager, and Lieutenant Cheap was made Captain of the Trial floop. They had notice here often fafl, fup pofed to be Spanift fliips, which were cruifing on and off to the weftward ; but one of the privaeeers, which was TO M A G E L L A N I C A, &c. 647 was difpaeched by the Commodore Co Ippk for them, i740t returned wichoue feeing chem, ^-"^'^ On November 5, chey kfe chc ifland of Madeira, and proceeded ori eheir voyage, ehe Gloucefter having ehe Induftry pink in cow. On che 1 7ch, chey lay co, eo unlade the Indu^ry cendcr ; which cook up Cwo or three days, and chen foe was difcharged. They had, all chis eime, very pkafanc weacher; and, on che aSch, paffed ehe line wieh a fair wind. On Che 3oeh, being in ehe latieude of 4 degrees 25 minueesfouch, ehey ob ferved, wich greac aftonifomene, thac ehc fea glictcred and appeared like fire, irt che nighc ; which, howe ver, is a phenomenon noc very unufual in chofe feas. In ehc beginning of ehe moneh of December, ehe crew began to be fickly ; which ehey accributcd chiefly Co the hca-vy rains ehey mec wieh afcer chey paffed the e- quinodlial. On che i3eh of chac month, abouc noon, they croffed the Tropic of Capricorn ;and, on chc igch, had fighc pf che ifland of St, Catharine's. On che soeh aboue noon, chey came co an arichor ; and ehe nexe day, faifing nearer co ehe fore, came co an anchor again, and faluccd che governour wieh cle-' yen guns. This ifland, which lies upon ehc coaft of Brafil, in ehc lacicude of 27 degrees 30 minuces foueh, is very convenienc for ehe refrefomene of fuch foipS as are bound eo ehe Souch-Seas ; for ic abounds wieh o- ranges, lemons, and oeher fruics of chae kind, cabbage and banana crees, wieh excellenc poeacoes, frefo waeer every where in plency, and vaft quantities of herbs, jvhich feldom fail eo refieve che fick. The governour owns che auchoricy of the kSng of .Portugal; bue, in oeher refpedts, ehe ifland produces no great advaneage to that crown. As foon as che fquadron had anchored, the Commodore ordered a tent to be fet up for the ufe of the fick, who were furniflied with frefli provifions, and whatever elfe was requifite for people in their con dition ; arid, in the mean time, the rigging was over- haled, the Trial floop had her mafts taken out, repair ed, and ficced up again ; and all chc foips cook in , '' ' " ' wood. 648 COMMODORE ANSON, 1740, wood; wacer, and provifions, wieh all che expedition y^ ppffible. On Janua,ry 18, 1741, abouC nirtc in the morning, they failed from St. Catharine's, the governour of the fort faluting them with eleven guns ; and the Commo-r dorc returned the. like number. Noewichftanding ehe care taken of ehc Trial floop ac che ifland of St. Catha^^ rine's, foe was ftill in a very crazy condition ; and on the 24eh, che head of her; main-maft being carricda- way, and her fore-maft fprung, che Gloucefter was for- cecj CO cake her fo cow. On February 8, che men were put-eo foore allowance, having cwo qqarcs of waCer a- day. On che iich, chey had fighc of land, whi^h appeared low, flac, fandy. On. the I3eh they found chemfelves off Cape Blanco, which appears, ac a di^; ftance, like a long cable, che adjaccnc councry flac and low. For feveral days afcerwards, chey faw abundance of penguins, a bird we have before defcribed, and 0- ther waecr-fowl. On ehe I7eh in ehe afternoon, a fai| appearing, the Commodore made a fignal fof theGlou- cefter tp chafe ; which foe accordingly did, and, com ing up with her about eleveri, found her to be the Pearl, which had been feparated from the fquadron by an hard gafe on ehe 2 2d of ehe laft moneh. She had been chafed on ehe 7th by five hrge Spanijh men of war, and efcaped froni ehem in ehe nighc. Haying thus rejoined die fquadron,, ehey failed alpng-fopre in, fearch of ehc river of St. Julian. The ,.ncxc day, ehey anchored pn ehe cpaft in chircy ehree fachoms waeer, and fenc in a boat nearer the fliore tq look for the harbour. They had obferved, for feveral days, thac the iea wa^, difcoloured .in many places, and looked like blood ; a ehing ofeen obferved before, and ufually aetribuced cq a kind of forimps, or, cray-fifo. "The fend appeared rocky and barren, wieh feveral whiee cliffs. They faw a mouneain aboue eighe miles diftanc, lying fouch-weft by weft, foaped like a fugar-loaf, and is called Woods- hill; which is looked upon as che mark of che harbour of St. Julian. The nexe day, chey enccred ehe har^ hour ^0 M A G E L L A N I C A, 6-c. 649 hour fb famous for havihg received che fquadron com- 174't manded by Magellan, when he firft difcovered a pai-^''^ , fage this way inco che Souch Sea, and for the ftay made here by Sir Francis Drake, in his voyage round the world, as well as for the mutinies of both their crews in this harbour. ' Vort St. Julian, on the coaft of Patagonia, lies in the latitude of 49 degrees 11 minutes fouth, and in the longitude of 80 degrees weft from London. There is a bar before the harbour, where, at low wacer, there arc not above ten feet water. The harbour's mouth is in , the middle of the bay, which cannot be difcovered without, becaufe of one point foutting in the other, juft without the bar, lies a fmall flat ifland, about a league from land, which Drake calkd the Ifland of true Juftice, becaufe he there fried and executed Mr. Dough ty. Over-againft this ifland, the land is high : two •leagues farther to the fouth, it is low, and runs into a great plain and beach lying fouth fouth-weft and north iiorth-eaft. At the fouth end of this beach are high round hills ; but the fea-fide is a fteep white cliff, mo derately high, with a black ftreak in it. The hill p- Ver this cliff rifes, as is before obferved, in the form ef a fugar-loaf, having fome black buflies on the fides, tho' there is neither tree nor bufo to be feen iri the neigh bourhood. In the middle of the harbour, there is from feven teen to nineteen feet water, the boctom a fine black fand. , The flood runs here fouth-fouch weft, and the. tbb north north eaft, at the rate of two miks and an half in the hour. The Commodore hoifted his long- ' boat, and fent on foore two lieutenants, wich a detach ment, to examine he country, and to go to the falt- , ponds, which lie about a league to the north-weft ; in which expedition they employed two days, and then returqedwith a confiderable quantity of fait ; but with out feeing any inhabitants. As this was the firft land they had touched at fince their' departure from St. Catharine's, apd Capcain Kidd ef the Pearl dying in his paffage, he was fucceeded by Vol. Ill 4 N Captain 6fo- COMMODORE A":^SbN; *74^ Captain Muyrdy but of the Wager; v*ho had for hiff ^'''^ fucceffour Captain C^^d/), who commanded the Trial floop ; and his lieuteniht, Mr. &anders, was appoint ed comhiander of the Trial, There' was a report at this ti.me in the fqiiadr-on, that Captain Mdd foould fay, upon his death-bed, thac ehi« voyage, in which' they had engaged wieh fo much chcerfulftefs, and fiich high cxpedlaci-oris bf acquiring irnmenfe foretines, would, in the end, produce povercy, vermin, famincy death, arid deftrudlion. 1 am perfu-aded froni the lah- g,u.:gc, as well as ehe fpirie, of ehis prscended prophe cy, chae ic could never fadl from ehe lips of" a gencle- ' niari bred in che fervice. An Englijh ofiicer knows his' d-.-/cy too well Co make ehe iricrtafe ofhis fortune the caufe ofhis ferving his country che^rriully ;. and would' ncvei- breathe difcoH'terit amongft his fiiilor,s by any fuch declaratiori. ' 1 ani therefore convirtced, that this* ¦\v*3 afcerwards irivenced by fuch, a,s wanted an exciife to colour their own bad behaviour ; but, no doubf,j the circulating fuch ftbrieS had a very ill effedt ort the ininds of the feameh; and, by depreflirtg their fpirits,; contributed to-prodlice the mifchiefs, ehac ehey feemed to predict. The fquadron remained here aboUc a week . in which time they overhaled and repaired ejieir rio-- ging, fup|)litd chemfelves wich fale, iand received ,their proportion of ftores ouC cff the Trial arid Anne pink ; buc, as chey were not able to meet vvith water ori that coaft, their -allowance was reduced tb a quart pc mart,, itnd three pints for the fick. , On the 27th, the fqu.adron failed 3 ancl the Glouce fter, riot being able to purchafe her anchors, cue, arid put to fea, kaving her beft bower, and a third of a cable, behind- ^^n March '4. they had fight of Cape V-rgin Mary, at the entrance of the ftraits of Magellan, bcaniii.' luuch-weft by fouth. On the 6th, they firfl faw Terra del Fuego, an high rocky fliore, full of p,tec-pices, the tops of whiCh were Covered with f '--w. , On the 7th, at five in the aucrr.o tn, t'lc iigrial wrs. '' mide TO MAGELLANICA, &c. .651 «nade to lie-to ; and, ac four in chc morning, chei74i»' Commodore fired guns, as a fignal Co make fail. A- '"^ boue feven, ehey hid fighc of chc Three prothers on Tr ra del Fuego, ae the very cnerancp of elie Straits of le J^air'e, At ten, .they entered the Straits, with a brifli gale, and a ftrong current fetting jn. Capp Diego on Terra del Puega bore "north- weft by weft, diftanc three leagues ; and ehe oppofite Cape pf St. Antonia Oi) States- Land eaft nprth caift. Having chc wind ahd cide wieh ehem, chey were, by cwo in fhe afternopn, quite thro' the fjtraits ; fo that a finer paffage ys^as never made. Thefe Straits of le Maire lie in theiatitude of 55 degrees 45 minutes fouth, in a manner, due north and foutii. They arc between feven and eight leagues wide ; and the paffage thro' it very little more. The land on bpth fides confifts of high craggy rockf, covered with fnow The oppofite Capes, on the fouth-fide of thefe Straits, are Cape Gonzales on Terrci del Fuego, and Cape St. Bar- tfiolomew on States-Land. The weather qpw began to grovv excreniely cold ; and, as chey had harci gales, and a rolling fea from ehc fouch-weft, boch foips and men fuffered exceedingly, more efpecially che Gtou- fefier and che fVager. On che 2 jr eh, ehe Glomefter m^de a fignal pf diftrefs, having broken her main-yard ; on which che Commo dore ordered two carpencers and a fmieh, frorn the Pearl, Co aflift in repairing ic. On the 31ft, her main- yard broke again ; ahd, pn April i. che Corpniodore ordered ehe carpenter of ehe PVager on board her. On che 3d, foe foipped a fe^ chaC waihed ehe barge off tiie boom, ftoye che pinnaqc, and filkd her long'-boae full of water, by which flis fuffered very much. On the 7ch, a like accidene happened eo her. On, fhe ich, the IVager loft her mi2cn-m2ft; and, upon a roil ofa fea, all her chain-plates broke :o windward. On the 9th, che Anne pink made a fignal of diftrefs, hav ing broke her forc-ftay, and damaged her bow.fpric. On March lo. being in ehe latieude of 54 look on the chain-plates and chains, and to giye his opinion of the mall's go ing away, Thtr.carpenter looked as ordered, and tpld Captain Cheap, that the chain-plates were all, broken. The Captain foook his. head, and faid, carpenter, that is not the reafon of the maft's going aw:,.v. Ihe car penter, as che, maft -was gone, noc caring to charge it on Ttf MAGELLANICA, Gff. 65J on any one's mifmanagemene, or eo occafion any one's 1742. uneafinefs abouc whac was now paft prevention, ficced a ^""^^ cap on die flump of Che mizen-maft, goc up a lower ftudding-fail- boom of forty feec, and hoifted a fail Co keep chc foip ep. This day ehey faw land in che laci cude pf 54 Degrees 5 Minuces, which, wichouc dpube, was ehc Black Cape on che coaft of Terra del Fuego. For fome days afcer ehis, ehe weacher was moderace ly good ; and, having long enough doubled Cape Borne, cherc feemed co be no greac danger of parting cpmpany. On April 19, chere were fome hard gales ; and chey loft fighe of che Gloucefter and PVager, ehe lactcr of which they never faw again ; a very ftrange accident, confidering they had now better weather than at any time fince their pafling the Straits, and were but at a moderate diftance from the ifland of Juan Fernan- ¦ dez. Which ifland the Commodore made on June 8, 1741, foon after which they were joined by the Tryal floop, the Anna pink, and the Gloucefter. The crews of the whole foips being now reduced to aboue .chree ' hundred, were puc afoore Co refrefo ; after which, aboue che middle of Sepcember, chey faikd on a cruize, cook feveral veflels wich a large quanticy of filver on board. On the 1 oth of November, they attacked the town of Payta in the latitude of 5 degrees fouth, which . they plundered of about 1,300,000 pieces of eight and other valuable effedls ; after which, they burne che town, and on the 14th, . they failed and continued cruifing towards Acapulcs, t\\\ July 1742, taking feve ral prizes. About this time, they failed for the La drone Iflands, and in their way, burnt the Gloucefter (ehe other veflels being, for wane ©f hands and oeher caufes, deftroyed before,) finding her fo leaky, ehae fhe could not wieh fafety proceed further. On the 28th of Auguft, the Centurion arrived at the ifland of Tinian, where having refrefoed the crew, they failed for Canton in China, where they arrived about the beginning of December ; there having refitted che Centurion, and ' . ftaid %4 -4 l-^TTE-R F^PM TH© |^4^--fl:aid fomc mppths, they afterwards failed am.ong th« ^<^, Philippine iflands, ciU ehe 21ft June:, 1743, when they .engaged an4 took ehe spanift) galiepn called the Nuef- tra Signora def Cabo-D.ifngo ; , pn board of -vvhich chey ' fquq^ abo'ut a million .and a half of pi'pces of cighe^ bcfl^^es oeher rich rnefchandize, after which chey re- turned to Cqriton ip China, and on ch^ i'6eh of Decem ber tiiey faded for Europe: On ehe j2eh of IVlarch, 1744,. chey arrived at ehc Cape of Good Hope, and failed in about 3 vi(eeksfpr£K^^/«W, in company wieh forne Dutch and £?2§-///Z'.merchanc-fli!ps, and arrived fafely on che j6ch of Jurte 1744., ^ $t' Hekn'sm th^ Ifle of fVight, Asthe following leceer frpm the Hon. Geo, Murray, Efq; tp the Secretary of the Admiralty, gives a particular accbtint of the foips Severn atid Pearl, fince their feparation frpm their Comrriodore, ic is thought a proper Supplemenc' c6 I^ord Anfon's "Voyage",' Wc are obliged CO Mr. Murray, for his ,being fo gppd as Co communicace ehis Journah " '•ExtraSl of a Letter from Capf: Murray, Commander of. His Majeftf s ftoip Pearl, to Thomas Corbet, Efq; Se- 'creiar'y to the Right Honourable the Lords of Admiralty, SIR, Rio de Janeiro, June, 1741. i74i.^OiVirviODORE Anfon failed fro'rii St. Katharine's '%.-4 ehe 2oeh January, andj jn the latieude of 34 'de grees, met f hard gale of -wind, which carried away the T'^ij/'s th'ainTmalt by'ehj; fecpnd woulding ; and, when ehe weath.er cleared up, we found the Pearl m\f- fing, who c^id noe join us until the i7th Febi-uary, about 10 leagues norch-eaft by norch froo^ St. Julian's Bay; when ehe firft lieueenant acquainecd che Cc.mmo- dore wieh ehe death of Captain Kidd, and that, in the latitudeof ,55 degrees, he met five fail of foips, which hie iopkfbrourfquadrpri, and bore dow-n to thf m; but difcovering chem to be Spaniards, made away ; and, as che Ov^'' Hon. GEORGE MURRAYi Esq. ' 65$' the ftiip was very deep, he found himklf obliged cb/741. ftivc 16 cuns pf waccr, and co chrow che long bpdc, ""^^ Bulkheads, and feveral pther things over board, in cir-- der to lighten thi: foip, F'cbruary 1 7, Mr. Anfoii waS pleafed co remove m'e from the IdVager co chc coriimarid bf ehc PeArl, and, bii my muftcririg the foip's cdmpdny, 1 fdond 276 eb be the number borne, and thac there was no mdre chan J2 tons of water tin board. On my reprefenting this, the Commodore Was pleafed tb order me 13 tons cif water from the. 'PVager, diredling mc alfo to put my people Co an allowance of chree pints on meat- days, and a quart on banyart-days. Ae this alloMnce, he reckoned me to have 8b days water from the igth Fe bruary. After having cleared our fhijis, and refitted the Tryr al, we faikd from St. Jidihn's Bay Febi-uary- 2 8, with ordei-s, iii cdfc of feparation, to rriake the bell of oiir way to ehe ifland of Neiiftra Seniora del Secoitra, -xna toc'oheihue cruizing ceri diays ; thcrice co proceed co ehe pott of B'&lddkiia; and to coritinUe 'crLiiz.ing 14 days off that harbour ; and thence to the ifland of Juali Ferrtan- iez, and CP follow ifofmcr orders received ae St. Katha rine's. March 7eh, we paffed chrough the Straits of Le Mair; and, two days after, were takferi with a violerit galeofvirind at fouth-fouth-eaft, which obliged us to reef our courfes; and, from this day to the loth pf May, wc neVer attfempted carrying chem wieh che leefs PUC. After chis firft gale, the vvind continued to blow ejccellivc hard from the fouth-weft to the north- well, acfcqfnpanied with fuch feas as I never faw be fore ; which obliged us eo lie-co feVeral days under a tlouble reefe and balancc-mizcn, chough, che mbment there was iiny poffibilicy of foewing cariVas, we made. fail, which frcquericly occafioned ehe fpficcing and blov^ing of our fails away; a lofs 1 cquld bue ill fup- < 'prt', having a fuic of falls kfs chan any other foip 111 the fquadron, though, to m.y knowledge', there was an S^i .A LETTER FROM THE i74is.an order lodged at P(7r//»?5K?/3, fqr our foips beingfup* '"'^^ plied with every thing ^they foould, demand. To pro vide againft the want of fails, as well as I could, I kept the fail-makers continually, employed in my cabbin. As we continued beating to windward. Between, the lati tude of 55 and 60 degrees, we foon became fenfible of the ill, effedls both of the rigour of the climate, and the foort allowance of water, ; for my men fell down a-pace, infomuch, that I had neyer.kfs thaniSo or 90 on the fick lift, and generally buried, two or three, of a day: Befides, the running-rigging grew fo -ftiff, that every thing required double the pUrchafe itwould have dqnein a, moderate climace, which,obliged me to have recourfe to tackles; and the turning; all hands out on every occafion. April 10, it blowing very hard at north- weft by -weft, -with drizzling rain, at fix, perceiving myfelf to gain on the Commodore, being in my ftation on his wea ther-quarter, I turned all hands out, and haujed up the main-fail, and kept company until 8 ; then loft fight of .hjs lights, fteering at that time fouth by weft< At 9, I lay weft by fouth. Ac 1 1, I plainly faw a light; oq my weather-bow ; upon which I turned to fleep. At I, the Lieutenant of the watch cafled out to ac-^ quaint me, che fo,r.efiil was blown que of the bolt ropes ; ehac we had fnapped cwp of che fore-chain places, andloft fighe of ehe, lighc : .Upon chis, I braced up the yards, to give me as- much, headway as poffibk, waiting for ciay-lighc wich impatience. , Ac, day -break, Lmade up eo t\\e Severn, Capcain Legg, lying eo urider, a doubfe reefe and balanced mizen, wich his head eo iiqreh, and his yards lowered down a porcland. The wind abating, I fet my main and fore ftay fails, . and ran, up with Captain; i^^.^^, who at lo.bore away.. One ofhis maces thinking he faw; a failcb che fouth-eaft, it being now clear vveather, we eherefore Aood caft-fouth-', eaft 8 mik? ;, hue .difcovering nothing, Cape, l.egg brf ughe Co on ehe larboard-tack, and I on my ftar- board-tack. In order CP fix cwo new chain-places, che carpcriicr. Hon. GEORGE MURRAY, Esq. 657 earpenfer, whp was pbliged tp gp pver bpard himfelf 1741' CO dtive chc bples, fpr he had loft all his crew, was ^"^^ driven under ehe chains, whereby he receiyed fo much damage, as eo be ever fince incapable of doing ducy. In our fieuacion ehis wjjs a melancholy circumftance, to have never a carpenter able of doing duty ; when, befides the continual call we had for them, my main top-maft being much galled, and not truft-worthy. I this morning difcovered the bolt-fprit to be fprung, and rottpn in the gammong ; but gave the ftridleft charge, that it might be kept priyate, fipce there yfas no poffibjlity pf fifoing him. April 13, as we were ftanding nprth by weft, the iffind ae weft by norch, wc made laqd ae day-break, ftretching away from the eaft-fouth-eaft, to the weft- ,l}orth-weft, about five or fix leagues. I \yas then, by ray account, in the latitude of 54 degrees, 53 minutes, and in che longicude of 20 degrees, 50 minutes, from the Straits of Z,^ Maire, and, accprding tp our charts, at leaft 1 1 degrees to the weftward of any part of Terra del Fuego. Providence was very favourable tq us ; foi" it muft have gone hard wich me, had I fallen in with the land in the night-time, as 1 could npt have wore ehe Ihip, and clawed ie off, in ehe condition I was in. 'We had hardly wore, -vyhen chere came on a chick fog, which prevenced my being facisfied whac land ic was. Upon ehis unexpedled difcovery, 1 puc the foip's com pany to a pint of water per man a day ; buc foon found the faifal effedls of fo fmall an allowance, lofing 5 m.ert pne day, and 6 the next; and the fick lift increafed eo 133; upon which I reftored ehem co eheir former al lowance, Thofe poor men; vvho had ftood the deck with a refolutiori, not co be mec -wich in any" buC Eng- fifh feamen, chough they were chinly clad, having fold eheir cloaehs aC St. Katharine's, and, when chaced by the Spaniards, had chrown bulkheads, half-porcs, and tarpa-ulins over board, for wane of which they yyere concinually wee in eheir hammocks, che earpaulins I made, being'of'Hccle fervice for wane of fun co harden ^ Vol. Ill, 4 O . the 65S A LETTER FRPM THE, 5CC, 174'- ehe tar; yet, under all chcfe. difficulcies and difcou- ""'^ ragemenes, chey behaved hiehereo beyond expcdlatipn ; but, being now quite jaded and fatigued with conti nual Jabour and watching, and pinched with the cold and want of -water, on difcovering how far we were out of pur computation, they became fo dtjedled, as tq lay themfelves down in defpair, bev/ailing their mis fortunes, wifoing for death as che only relief Co Cheir miferies, and could noe be prevailed on, by threaes or enercaties, eo go aloft : So chae, had-noc my lieucenanes and mafter behaved vvich the greaceft courage, and done che duey of forc-maft-men, by going ailofc chem-' felves on all occafions, I do noe know wh'ac mqft have b^com£ of us. April |f4, Capcain Legg begged me Co fend a boat on bosfd, becaufe he had fomeehing of imppreancctq communicate ; on which 1 went myfelf, being hoifted Out in the boat, and with difficulty goc on board chc Severn, where Capcain Legg, after confulting our pre fent circumftances, having previoufTy cakcn me under his command, he refolyed eo beat to the fouth, until be arrived inthe latitude of 38 degrees, 30 miriutes ; then, if the wind did not prove favourable, to make" the beft part of our way to the firft friendly port, Ap^ril 16, being in that latitude, and no appearance of the wind's changing, Mr. Z.£^^ rnade the fignal tq bear away. Six days after we bore up, we met with a yiolent gale at norch-eaft, in which 1 loft company wich the Severn, whom 1 did not join until l^ay ; and June 3, got fafe into Rio Janeiro on the coaft of Bra ftl, when 1 had but three cafks of water on board: So that," if it had not pleafed 'God to take off fo ma ny of my men, we mult all have periflied for want of water. Since our airiyal here, where wc. have been received with great humanity, my fick men, upon go-. ing afoore, and being fupplied with frefo provifions, are in fo fair a way of lecovery, that the Pearl may, in a foort time, wich the affiftance of twenty men, go to fea with 200 men, and endeavour to join fhe Cpm- ' ' ' modore. ANTONIO ULLOA, &c. 659 modore. I mention that number, becaufe I think it i74i« futkient for that fervice ; nor is there any thing 1 fo '""^^ , carnellly defire, as to make another attempt, and real ly moft firmly believe, we foould fucceed : But if the extreme defire I have once more to join my Comman der, whom 1 don't believe to be loft, cannot be grati fied, 1 chink 1 ought, at leaft, to proceed to the ifland of Barbadoes, where I may more conveniencly know their Lordfoips diredtions, and, in the mean time, Jbe 'employed againft the enemy; whereas, by lying here, 1 conceive 1 am fo long loft to the government. . ' 1 am forry, it is my unhappinefs, that Capt. Legg, for whofe perlbn I have the greateft regard, and to whofe merits and abilities Ipay the greateft deference, is n(5t of my opinion ; buc has caken me under his com mand, and detains me here, chinking ehae che moft prudcfic ftep. ARTICLE XIL DON ANTONIO ULLOA to Magellanica. N-the Bdy of Conception, we found che Louis Erafm? 173J." frigace, which had waieed chere fome time, in order '"'^ to fail in company with us ; and, on the 6th of Janu ary, 1735, we were joined by the Lys, accqmpanied with another French foip, calkd La Marquis d'Antin, which having come hither as a regiftcr-foip, had taken in a loading of cacao at Guaquil, and was in her return to Europe. The feafon being far advanced,' our litde fquadron put to fea the firft fair wind ; which happen ed on the .27th of January, when, about ten in- the •fflorning, we all got under faW, fteering weft and weft cihe quarter northerly, according as rhe winds would permit, which were continually varying from fouch- wefl to fouth-fouCh-eaft. On che fpurch pf February, 402 we SSo ANTONlo" ULLOA* '735- .we found ourfelves in chc latitude of 35 degrees, at minutes, and 9 degrees, 38 minutes, weft of chc mc ridian pf 'Conception ; when che wind blowing frefo at fouch-weft by weft, we cacked in order co ftand co the fouehward. ' The nexe day we were informed that a very dangerous leak had been difcovered iri the head of che Lys, and that it was fo far under wacer as not to be ftopped without going into fome harbour,' and lightening the fliip ; which had determined- the Cap tain to run into fome qf the harbours of Chili in order to ftpp the leak ; accordingly he kft the reft of the fleet .the fame day. The Deliverance, on board of which I embarkecl, was in litde better condition, ma' king daily a great deal of water ever fince our depar ture from Conception. But the Captain, unwilling to lofe the beriefit.of failirigin company, and, at chc fame rime, fearful thac his men woUld leave ehe foip, de cermined Co keep tfie fea. He alfo apprehended, ehae ¦ as che foip's huil was very old, and gicaely foaetered by her late voyage, on being fearched, the neceffary repairs would require a confiderable time ; and ehence, befides che cofts, he would find ic difficulc to gec round chc Cape chae year. Thefe confideracions decermined him Co continue 'his voyage, wichouc acquainting the other foips of the bad condition of his veffel. BuC ehis prudence had nearly proved facal eo all on board, as che dcfcdls were greaely increafed during che courfe of chcVoyagc. ¦-¦^yi _ Till che 6eh chc winds were varijabk, fometimes frefh, chen dying away,; che fea proporcionabk, ru.ii- riing high in a frcih gak, and abating witii the wind. From the lacicude of 35 degrees, 21 minuces, wc fleered becweeh the fouth-eaft and Ibuth, and on the 1 2th, being in theiatitude of 41 degrees, 20 minutes, we were obliged to fleer beeween fpuch- weft and weft till the i8ch ; when we found purfelves in theiatitude of 4j degrc^, 2o minutes. The winds were firft 8t weft, afterwards north-north-eaft, frorn which, they ahanged to eaft-north-eaft and ndrch-eaft; and varying continually TO MAGELLANICA, 6c. 66i tontinuaUy, at laft foifted to fourh-eaft-fouth and eaft. 1735. During ehis ipcerval, every change of che winds was '"'^'^ jiteended wich calms and violenc foowers ; and aC ochcr times the fea was covered wieh fogs, or ehe acmofphere Ib erouded wich vapours as eo ineercepc the rays of che fun. From ehe time we left Conception till che 7eh of Fe bruary, being chen in 36 degrees, 1 2 minuces, and 9 degrees, 20 minuces, weft of che meridian of Con- ¦csplion, vve always faw ehae kind of birds called parde las, bue here ehey lefe us. On che nth,, in che lati tude of 40 degrees, 45 minutes, and fomething more to the weftward than on the 7th, we faw a number of fmall black birds, flying fingly, and againft the cur rent of the water. On the 15th, the weather being fair, but the wind blowing frefh at weft-fouth-weft, we faw a quebrantahueffos, or offifragc ; and on the 1 6th, being in the latitudeof 43 degrees, 31 minutes, and 11 degrees, 24 minuces, weft of che meridian of Con- ¦Kpiion, we faw feveral flighes of curlews and pardelas ; and ehe quebraneahueffos kepc continually in fighc of ehe foip : foon after ehc wind came aboue eo che fouch- weft, and blew lb ftrong, ehac che frigaces were obli- :ged eo hand afl eheir fails excepc cheir courfes. On ehe i8ch ehe wind abaced, ehc fea, which ran exceeding high, became eolerably fmooih, and> che quebranta hueffos difappeared ae ehc beginning of this welcome change of weather. From the 13th to the 26th our courfe was eaft, one quarter foutherly, and fouth eaft, one quarter eafterly ; the winds being variable betv/een fbuth-fouch-weft and weft.foueh-weft, with fomc foore cranfieion co norch- weft. From ehe 26eh eo ehe 3d of March, we fteered 'eaft-foueh-eaft and eaft, wi^ch ehe fame winds, bue fo very variable, chae from weft they foifted co chc fouch- weft, and from ehence flew about Co ehe eaft ; fo chat in this incerval ehey blew from every poinc of chc com^^ pafs, buc rarely continued a fingle day in one diredlion. " ^mecimes for chree or four hours we had a frefo gak» j ehis I 662 ANTONIO ULLOA, »73?'ehisf fao'n died way, and was dfeen fucceeded by calmsi ^"""^ being i-egdlar only in inconftancy. On che ibeh of February, We had a ftrong gale of wind ae weft-fouth-weft, which obHged us to doUble- reef our tqpfails. We were then in 48 degrees, 2 mi nutes latitude. On the 21ft, the wind abated, and continued fo all the thOrningwith an eaiy fea. Atnoori the wind frefoened, arid a ftorm came on at weft-north- weft, and weft-fouth-weft; fo that -we could carry only our reefed coUrfes. The ftcirm continued till the 23d about fun-ifet, when We let out our reefs in our courfes, and fet oUr cop-fails; after reefing chem-. Du ring the whole time we had a very hollow fea, and at ^ the feme time the atmofphere; fci hazy, that fometimes v/e loft fight of the other foips. This fog precipitated iefelf in a drizzling rain, which continued iriccffantly two days after the florm was over. ^ ' Ori the 20th, we were amufed 'n)? ith the fighc of a great number of birds of all fizes, and among chem one larger than a goofe, arid entirely black. On che ^tft their numbers increafed; fome of which were larger chan che qUaberaneahueffos; bue feemed co be of the fame fpeCks. All ehe feaehers of ehis bird Were whiee, excepc Chofe on che upper pare of ies wings;- Whieh were brown. On che 22d, when we were in che lacicude of 51 degrees £ minuces, and 9 degreees ^5 rainUtes (veft of che meridian of Conception, chey con cinued wieh us in che fame num'bers. On ehe 2 2d ehey increafed, and among chem were feveral gufls. The feaehers on ehe bodies of che laecer were whiee, chcir calls foore, and broad, their necks large, buc sVell-pro- poreibried, arid chcir heads and beaks anfwerable : on che upper pate of cheir wings ehe feaehers were black; and whiee underncach; ehe wings very difproporeionaec in lengch, and confiderably crooked ac chc middle ar- Cicukeion. This bird flies very fwiftly, fometimes juft abqve ehe furface of ehe waeer, chen mouncs inco che air; and after caking ewo or chree gyrations, chey again d.are down near che water's e^ge,' On the 25th, the weacher .) TO MAGELLANICA, ^c. 66 weather being foggy, wieh a dri??lingrain, in the lati- i73S' pd'e 55 degrees 6 minuces, and 6 degrees 42 minutes, ""^ weft pf che meridian pf Conception^ we faw greac num bers of birds, and among ehem che quabrantihucflbs pf boch che kinds already mentioned, and on che 26eh feyeral eoninas, a kind of wild duqks. On che 27ch we had liccle or no wind, wieh fnow and hail. The birds fliewed chemfelvcs in greater numbers and variccy chan before; bue ehe moft nume rous were gulls, like chofe ah-eady defcribed, bue the colours fomeehing differene ; foriie being of an afli colour, oehers had eheir whofe bodies whiee, and eheir wings black, and oehers che reverfc. Some, though very few, were eneirely black, wichouc che leaft fppe , of whiee. "Vye alfo faw among chem che eoninas, wich their whiee bellies and brown backs. On chc ift pf March, being in che lacicude of ^7 (Jegrees 90 minuces, and o degrees 3 minuces eaft of the meridian of Conception, we faw fome whales, but the number of birds were confiderably diminifoed ; the fnow and hail ftill continued ; the denfe clouds, which were cpntinually forming in that part pf the ho rizon when che winds blow, precipitating themfelves in thefe meteors ; and chough chc winds were mode rate, che clouds were conftantiy gaehcring. On ehe 3d we had chick weacher ; che cold became extreme, and a greac deal of fnow fell. The birds alfo recurn ed in cheir former numbers; principally of ehe larger fore. On che fame day, ae noon, in che, lacicude of 58 degrees 40 minuces, and 4 degrees 13 minuces E, of che meridian of Conception, a liccle weft of the meridian of Cape Horn, and bo leagues eo ehe fouehward of ic ; we aleered our courfe, fteering E, N. E, and continu ed faifing beeween chac and ehe N. E. till ehe 28th of the fame month. But che winds were fo variaiik and unfecckd, chac chere was fcarce a day in which ehey .did noc blow from ewo different quarters, and fome times from poines aimoft oppofice. Oft 664 ANTONIO ULLOA, ^735" On the 4eh, we had fair weather, wieh che wind a$ 'N. N, E. and "W; on che 5eh, acS. E. and 'W; on the 6ch, S. and S, W. changing round ehe whole com pafs, and fcarce ever continuing a day in one poinc,^ till che 8eh, when wc found ourfelves in ehc latieude of 5y degrees 15 minuces, and 14 degrees 30 minuces E, of chc meridian of Conception, having weachered boch Cape Horn and Staten Land. Ie foowed and hail ed continually, fo chac ie was fix inches deep ori ehe deck > buc now ic began eo diminifo, and wieh ie che cold. The birds likewife no longer appeared in fuch vaft flocks ; and on che ych, we faw a n^w fpecies of a" dark brown colour, greaely refembling geefe, and, like them, kepc fwimming on che water for a long cime. On che 8ch wc faw birds ofa brown and whiee colour, in fmall flocks, of Cen or fifteen in each. Thefe alfo fwam on ehc waeer, and when flying, kept always near the furface. On the pth, being in the lacicude of 54 , degrees 21 minutes, and 16 degrees 10. minutes E. of ' the meridian of Conception, befides the fa,me flocks of birds, we alfo faw pardelas, but of a kfs fize than thofe in the South Sea, Ori the loth, iti ehe latieude of 54 degrees 1 minuce, and 17 degrees 38 minuces E, of Conception, ehc winds were very variable beeween thcN. N. E. and S. "W. wieh fo chick a fog, chae che foips fired guns co avoid runping foql of one anocher ; foreachhad kepc cwo guns mounced for making fignals. "We had alfo heavy foowers, and in ehe evening faw ftocks of birds, moft of chem of middling, fize, wich dark brown feaehers, and flender crooked wings. The whole difference beeween Chem confifted in ehe fize, their form and colour being perfedlly alike ; and chough we faw ehem during ehe whole day, ehey were in ehe greaceft numbers from four eo fix in the evening. On the nth, beiqg in the latitude of 5-2 degrees 15 minutes, and 18 degrees 9 minutes E. of Conception, we obferved that the colour of ehe water -vvas changed, it being now greenifo ; but another day's failirigbrbught us into water of its -ufu^l. colour. On the 12th and 13th, to -MAGELLANIC A, eirf. 665 i3th; ehe wind blew frefo ac N, W, and 'W, accompa- 1735. hied wich heavy foowers, bue of no long continuance, ^"''^ hor accended wieh any bad confequences. Among ehe birds feen chefe cwo days, and which were more nu merous chan before, ewo fpcc.es in particular engaged my aceention ; one large, reicmbling vultures, with black wings, and their bodies of a light brown fpot- ted with white; the other, though little different in colour from the former, did noe exceed the pardelas in fize; both forts kept near the foip ; and our men told us they had feen a fooal of fifo, which had probably drawn fuch numbers together. ,0n the 14th, the wind variable betwixt the "W. N. W. and S. 'W'. and our latitude 40 degrees 12 -mi nutes, we began to be fenfible of an agreeable change in the temperature of the air ; in the day-time it' was noc cold upon deck, and at night the cabins were warm. On the 15th, we had a frefo gafe at W. N. 'W. and N. W. with a hoUpw fea, which cpntinued .the two following days, being the ]6'th and 17th, the Weather was very hazy, fudden fliowers frequent, and the fame number of birds ftill continued. On the i6th the Marquis d'Antin came along-fide and told us, that the fhip had fprung a leak, and that they had la boured the whole night to ftop ic, having, after a long fearch, fourid it to proceed from a hole made by the rats in one of her quarters nrar the water's edge. This obliged them to heel the fo.p, in order to ftop it, and the other ewo flackened fail that foe mighc come up wich ehem. On ehe i7eh, wc faw many large whales, feveral of which played ro,und ehc foip for a confiderable' time. The wind during che laft day was acS.E, and at S, S. E, buc moderate ; the fea fmooih, with foowers of rain ; when we found qurfelves in die lacicude of 44 degrees 40 minuces, and 25 degrees 13 minuces E. of Conception, and faw feveral flighes of birds bpch of the large and fmall fpecies, buc differene in colour from any we had feen before, being entirely whicc. Vol, III. 4P The V--V-0 666 ANTONIO ULLOA, 17,^5. The waeer now increafed fp prodigioufly in qtif '•fhip, ehae forXoine days our men hsd been aimoft con tinually labouring at ehe pump, which quice t'xhaufted cheir fpirics ; and all of us were under ehegreateft appre henfions of ptf filing. Norwas chis a fudden pannic, ehe wacer fometimes increafing fo i'uddenly, ehat notwith ftanding all our efforts it feemed to gain upon us. We obferved, that the principal leaks were at the head aqd ftern, and the i^ch proving a fine day, we hoifted ouc -our boat, for the carpenters eo nail foeec lead over the feams ; but the fea ran too high for ehem to execute' it. , On the 20th, the wind blowing ftrong at N. and TM. E. one quarter, northerly, and the Tea rnnning, high, wc laid to, under our mainfail ; but rain com ing on, we had next day moderace weather. The wind eontinuedin the fame quarter till the 25th, but little of ir, with fog.s, and foowers. 'We were now in the latitudeof 36 degrees 14 minutes, and 30 degrees 5 minuces, K. of ehe meridian of Conception. During thefe days we, faw feveral birds, buc in much kfs num bers than before ; fome of ehem very different, as black pardelas, and others of the fame colour, but of an un known fpecies. The water in our foip was now fo greatiy increafed, and our men fo fpent wieh continually labouring ae ehe pump, that we bad thoughts of quitting her; and doubckfs this would have been done fome days before, bad ie noe been for her valuable cargo;, having on board near cwo millions of Peruvian dollars, a million and a half of which was in gold'and filver, and flowed under the cacao foe had taken at Guacaquil. In order t'hcrefore, in fome meafure, ro keep: out che waCer, a fail quilced wieh oakum, and fooc faftened to the clues to link ic, was-lowercj into the water from the head of the foip; buc ehis expedienc had liccle effedl. For though ae firft the waier did noe feem Co enter with ehe rapidity as before, yet Che oakum which prevented ie, ' ' - ! was TO MAGELLANICA,, &c. 667 was foon carried away, when our conditipn was not i735« mended in che leaft. _ ^'^ ' From the 29eh,- when wc were in ehe latitude ot 35 degrees 38 minutes, and 33 degrees 27 minutes E. of the meridian of Conception, our cpu.rfe was W. N. W. tillthe 5th of April, when till the 20th we fteer ed between the N, h. and E. N-E. with the fame variable weather, fliowers,. hard gales, and calms. So that during this long interval of twenty-nine days, our latitude diminifoed little more than nine degrees and a half, finding ourfelves in the latitude of ly degrees ^j minutes : and between the twenty-eight and twen ty-ninth degree we were detained from the 7th to the 15th, without being able to make better way. On the 29th of March, we faw pardelas, and the other kind of black birds. On the 30ch wc cook dovvn our weacher boards, and goC our cop-gallanC-mafts up. During ehis cime che birds feemed co have entirely forfaken us ; and, on ehe 3d of April, we faw great numbers ; but on chc 5eh and 6eh we faw a new fpe cies, refembling a lark in fliape and fize. Here we had alfo a firft fighc of che doradoc ; ^and from hence we never miffed feeing chac fifo and alfo che bonico» On the 8th, in the latitude of 28 degrees 58 minutes, we began CO meee with very thick fogs, violent and frequenc fqualls of wind and rain, which continued with little or no intermiffion tp the the 1 3th, but that day proving fair, wc' made ufe of it in gecting up and mounting' our guns. The carpenters and caulkers were ordered into the boat, to endeavour to flop the kaks St the water's edge; for though they had nailed fheet-kad over the feams, it did not anfwer the pur pofe, the water nearly iffuing with the fame rapidity. On the iSthi, being in the latieude of 26 degrees, 51 minutes, we firft la,w the flying fifo, and tabui;onts, afterwards we had continual fight pf them,, their , numbers incCeafing in proportion as we leffenedour la- , ¦ u.udc, ' In ehe lacicude of 39 degrees 15 minutes, on ehe^ 4 P 2 i6ch 686 ATSITONIO ULLOA, 1735.26th of March, Don Pedrode Arriago, freighter both ^"^e^ of che Louis Erafme, and La Deliverancej made an offer CO ehe Capeains, chac if chey thought- it neceffa', ry, provifions and waeer growing fcarce, chey mighc put inco the harbour of' Monee "Video, where ehey mighc noc only refie che foips, and proyidethem wieh all neceffaries, buc alfo Cake ehe benefie of a convoy, the Afia man of war being to fail for Spain about thac time, with Commodore Don Jofeph Piearro;. adding, that it was the more advifeable to cm brace, this oppor tunity, advice having been received from Europe, three or four''days befpre their departure from Conception, that France and England were at w^r. But the cap tains, from felfifh motives, rejedled this falutary pro pofal; though atthe- fame'time they muft be fenfible,; that the want of water and provifions, together with the bad cpnditipn pf our -frigate, would unavoidably oblige them to put into the harbour. After this, in oppofition to tbe worthy merchant's advice, they de termined it foould be the defart Ifland pf. Fernando' de Norona ; for though the Portuguefe of Brafil had fome time fince fent a colony thither, ic was abandoned on accounc of ies fterilicy. The French India Company had alfo for fome eime a fecckmeric chere, buc were^ obliged, on che fame -account, eo kaye ie ; and du ring ehe eime of chac feeekment, the captain of the Marquis d' Aritin had been there, and thence knew that it abounded with water and wood, the two articles moftly wanted. Don Pedro- Arriago adhered to his firft propofal, and it had doubtiefs been cpmplied with by the two frigates freighced by him, had not the Mar quis d' Antin been in company; the captain of which made ufe of fuch plaufible reafons in fupport of his opinion, thac it prevailed, and we accordingly fteered' for the harbour of Fernando di Nerend. From thc'zotii to the 2 6ch of April, we had calms and fqualls, and from thence to the 8th of May, wheri we. found ourfelves in the latitude of 1 6 degrees 58 nii- jluces, we had lictle wind, and variable betweeri the N; TO M A G E L L A N I C A, &^. 66f t ' N;andE. but moftly at N, E. nearly. On > the 8th, 173J. the wind began to frefocrt, and though for feveral ^^^ days it was at E. and E, N. E, wc had it generally at E. S, E, till our arriyal at Fernando de Nerona. Our eourfe frpm the 30Ch pf April, was as the winds wpuld permic, fomceimes/N, N. W. N. W, pne quarcer npr- therly, andW, N, W; but frpm the 7th pfMay, when the wind fettled cp chc eaftward, we fteered N, and N, one quarcer eafterly to che 1 5Ch, when finding ourfelves in chc latieude of 4 degrees S, being nearly the fame with that of Fernando de Norona, we ftood di redlly W, and having fight of ic ac half an hour after nine in chc mprning of chc 21ft of May, all che fri gaces ac half an hour after three in ehe evening came eo an anchor in che road. This voyage had continued an hundred and fifty day, and was attended with greac fatigue ¦ and anxiccy, on accounc of ehe bad con dition pf our frigate. For more than once, we had the grcaceft reafon Co apprehend foe would founder, before wc had eime co provide for our fafcey. ARTICLE XIII, HEN BRIGNON eo Magellaiuca. The hiftory of ehis voyage was wriecen by che Sieur de. la Blanchardiere, of chc Congregation of St, Sulpi- . cius, andprineed at Paris, 1 751, in izmo. Though foort, it is here of fome importance, boch as it ne ver appeared in Englift) before, and chiefly as it pre fents us with a very different account of the paffage round Cape Horn^ from what wc have feen in Mr. .Anfori'-s Journal, who met with moft dreadful ftorms in thefe feas, only becaufe he attempted the paffage in the winter feafon,- WE 670 HEN BRIGNON, 7f7-. \17^ ^^^^^^ ^'¦o''n the road of St. Mab Nov, 18, W J 745,) aboard the CWf, commanded by Mon fieur le He^ Brignon. After a long ftay at Cafe, we faikd for the South Sea, and, March 7, 1747, inthe latitude of 47 degrees, 12 minutes fputh, we faw vaft quantities of roek-weed, whofe leaves were much broader than thofe on the coafts of France. Tbis weed is often feen xoo leagues at fea. We alio faw many birds of a black colour fwimming in the fea, and fome of a white colour flying round us. At 6 m the evening, we found che ocean covered with an infiniee number of fmall red fifo, of che bignefs of a middHng lobfter, and chey had pirtcers like cheirs, 'VVe killed; chere a bird refembling a pigeon, hut of a very oily cafte. ' March 1 5, we difcoyercd the Terra del Fuego. It, appeared to us, at firft, like a number of iflands, buc as we approached, we found ic made buc one land. On the land neareft us we faw a volcano, which, aC times, threw ouc fmoke, chough, being day-lighc, wc, could noc fee ehc 'flame. All chis land is low, and nqc to be feen, cill you, come wichin five or fix leagues. In enccririg che Sera,it, the poinc of Terra delFuego is very low, and a 'liccle wiehin land, on the fame fide, chere are ehree mouneains, which chough not very high, are covered wich fnow. We faw here feyeral bays afford-i ing good foelecf Co foipping in cafe of needk We faw wich our glaffes, ac che fooc of one of thefe hills in a valley,, feveral hues, and fmpke cqming frpm them. Thefe \Ve imagined, were eicher che habiCacipn of Savages, or perhaps of Europeans, who had been foipwreCked in doubling Cape Horn. The oeher poinc aceh& entry of che Scraic, on Staten-L^fid, is more ele- vaccd. This ifl.ind is noching buc an affemblage of high rocks and mouneains, wich foarp, poiriced fum mits. lelies from fouch-fouch-eaft to north- norch' vv-eft,^ abouc twelve leagues quice defart, and covered entirely wich fnow. The weacher being calm, we faw vaft num bers- of fca-wpivcs rpund pur foip. Thefe animals diverted to MAGELLANICA, tir-i?. «?< diverted us greaely by chcir leaping and playing in the 1747- waeer. We alfo faw many whales. , .^ . . We paffed che Scraic in an hour and a half, having the wind fair, and we would have done ie fooner, had ir noc been for ehe currenc fecting ftrongly againft us. Here our Capcain made us keep as clofs as pofhbfe Co ehe Terra dil Fuego, boch becaufe ehe winds here gene- tally blow norch-norch-weft, and alfo becaufe che cur rencs fee ftrongly cowards Staten-Land, whfeh lay eaft ofus. We had, from chis time', variable winds,' cfll we got into 57 degrees, fouth latitude. The fea wcrit ofecii very high, and cherc fell cold foowers of rain. How ever we had no violenc ftorm, even while we doubled Cape Horn ; fo far from ie, chac March 22d, being in chc lacicude of chac Cape, chac is, in ^5 degrees, 38 minuces, we had a dead calm, fo ehac, one of ehe offi cers having foot a fea-fowl, a waccr-dog jumped over board, and broughe ic co us. This fowl was of che fize ofa curkey ; his wings cxcended five fpee and an . half, and his bill was hooked, like that of a parrot. On the 24eh, our Captain ordered che courfe Co bfl fee norch- vvcft. This occafioned a general joy in all che fhip's company. Te Deum was fung. In fadl, few journals cell us ofa niore happy paffage chan ours was, it is well known, how much chis cape is dreaded by navigacors, on accounc of ehe Ilorms which are com monly mec wieh here, and by which ehey are ofeen forced CO recurn co Buenos Ayres, after having long ftrBggled againft ehe norch-weft winds. We cook but eighc days to double che Cape from Le Maire's Scraies, and but fifccen from chae co Conception in Chili, where we learned the dreadful difafter thac had happened ca the cities of Lima and Callao, by an earehquake on ehe 28th of Odlober. Callao was entirely fwallowcd up by the fea, and Lima made a heap of ruins. They begin now Co rebuild chac city, buc Cake the precaution to make ehe houfes of one ftory only. After pur Capcain, had iinifocd his cpmmcrcial af fairs %2 fIEN BRIGNON; - 1748. fairs in Peru and Chili, and embarked two millipns anci ^'^^ an half of piaftres for Rio de Janeiro. Wc failed on our return to Eitrope Odtober 22, 1748. The north winds condudted us happily, in 13 days, to the lati tude of Cape Horn, Where we found the fouth-weft winds. It was now the Spring in thefe climates. The air was cold; but not to a great degree. We had -very littie night, for the twilight did not end till midnight, and appeared again at one in the 'morning, and the moon foone bright. In foort, wc thought ourfclyes ftill in the Pacific Oceart : The air was temperate, and the fea quite calm. November 6, being iri latitude of gy degrees; 2 minutesj longitude, 307 degrees, 25 minutes, we judged ourfelves to be near Barnevelt's Iflands, but did not know whether we had paffed betwixt the main land and them, or, whether wc had paffed them to fea ward. Having doubled the Cape, we ftood north- weft with fo favourable a gale, that our foip fomctimeS made 63 leagues in 24 hours. , . Here I got a land-fowl, which came to reft itfelf ori our gallery. It appeared to me to be a wild pigeon; refembling the pigeon in every refpedl ; only his beak . was larger, and the , eyes fhialkr. Wc felt ehc cold very fenfibly here, bue ic diminifoed every day, as we / diminifoed our latieude. • Under ehe tropic I caughe a bucecrflyj and was fur prifed CO chink how one of ehae fpecies could fly fo far, we being chen ^o leagues from any land. IfereabouCs wc found ehe fea covered with weeds refembling reeds, of a whitifo red colour. Dec. 20, we eaft anchor at Rio Janeiro.^ and I re turned to St, Malo March 22, 1749- ARTICLE COMMODORE BYRON, y^. ^7^ ??H*****-*'*** <•*??****¦?*?***?*'?"''?*''¦*? ******** ARTICLE XIV. COMMODORE BYRON, to Magellanica. Though no Account of Mr. Byron's Voyage, properly authenticated, has as yet been publiflicd, and the Author, we infert ehis Exeradt from, has induftri- oiifly concealed ehe fieuacion of feveral of ehe iflands, feen by ehem in ehe Soueh Sea ; yeC, ehae nothing mighc be wanting, on our pare, eo compkee che plan we propofed in ehis work, we here give Ib much of the Account we have feen of this Voyage, as more immediaeely relates to our fubjedl. ON the 2 ift of December, 1764, we faw^ Cap0 'J°4- Virgin Mary, from which, we were five leagues diftant, and alfo the land named Terra del Fuego, We had very moderate and fair weather all the morning, and at three in the afternoon. Cape Virgin Mary bore north- weft half north two or three leagues. About tvyo leagues to the weftward, a low neck of land runs off from ehc Cape ; we approached ie wiehin cwo leagues, wichouc any danger, and ac fix anchored wich ehe beft bower in fifteen faehoms waeer, ac whjch cime ehe Cape bore nortli-half eaft feven miks. At three o'clock the next morning, we weighed, and making fail, at fix the extremes of Terra del Fuego appeared, extending from the fouth-eaft by fouth, to the feuth-weft by foueh, ae four or five leagues diftance, Ac eight, we difcovered a good deal of fmoke iffuing from diflerene quareers, and, on our nearer approach, could plainly perceive a number of people on horfe- hack. Ac ten, we anchored in foureeen fachoms on the norch fliore, and faw Cape Virgin Mary, which appeared over the low neck of land Co the eaft- Vot.J'l, 4 Ct norch- (>7t, COMMODORE BYRON, 1764, north-eaft, and Foint Poffeffion to the weft by fout'-i;. ^"^^ We were then about a mile from tht: land, and no foon er came to an anchor, than che people on foore hallow ed Co us, and moved eheir hands ; on which we im mediately hoifted out all our boats, w.hich we manned and armed. \ On our'firft approaching the coaft, evident figns of fear appeared arnong thofe in the boat, on feeing mfin of fqch enormous fize, while fomc, perhaps to encou rage the reft, obferved, that thofe gigantic, people were as much furprifed at che fighc of our mufl^ec's, as ¦we were ae feeing ehem, chough ie is highly probable chey did noc know eheir ufe, and had neyer heard ehe. reporc of a gun. But this was fufliciene co remind us, thac our fire-arms gave us an advantage much fupe riour CO chac derived from hei_ghc of ftacure and perfq-' nal ftrengch. When wc had rowed within twenty yards Of the foore, -we lay on oqr oars, and obferved, that greac numbersof ehem furrounded ehe beach, and by eheir councenances feemed eagerly defirous of hav ing us land. After the moft amicable figns which we were capable of underftanding, or ehey of giving, a fignal was made Co chem eo recire backwards ; and chcn. che Commodoi'e and chief officers encered upou a Ihorc confulcacion on the propriety. of landing. Ihe firft of ficer, fired wich the thoughts of making a full difco very in regard to thefe Indians, who had been fo much the fubjedl of con verfation among the Englifh, made a motion to approach nearer, and jump on fliore ; but the Commpdore objeded Co ic, and would noe fuffer any man eo go before!.himfelf. As foon as the Indians had reereaced from ehc beach, which chey had furrounded in fuch a manner, as to prevent any perfqn's landing, the. Commodore with great increpidicy leaped on foore, fqllowed by his offi cers and men, whom hc drew up in a pofture of de^ fence. Immediately ori our landing, they came abouc us eo ehc number of cwo hundred or more; looking ae US wieh evident marks of furprize, and Imiling, as ic foould TP MAGELLANICA, £3»f. 67s Ihould feem, ac ehc grcaC difprpportion pf our fta- r7^4« ture. V ""^^ After many amicable figns, which appeared equally agreeabk to both parties, our Commodore, who had the precaution to take with him on Ihore a great num- b-r of trinkets, fuch -as ftrings of beads, ribbons, and th.e like, in order to convince chem of our amicable di(.pofieion, diftribuced chem wieh greae freedom, giv ing to each of them fomc, as far as they went. The meehod he made ufe of to facilitate the diftribution pf them, was by making the Indians fit doxvn on ehe ground, ehae he mighc puc chc ftrings of beads, &c. round eheir necks; and fuch was eheir cxcraordinary fizc, ehae in chis fituation, they were aimoft as high as the Commodore when ftanding. They were now fo delighted with j:he different trin kets, v/hich ehey had an opporcunicy of viewing, as ehey hung round their necks, and fell down before on their bofoms, that the Commodore could fcarcely re ftrain chem from careffing him, particularly the wo men, whofe large and mal'culine features correfponded wich the enormous fize of their bodies. Their middle llature feemed to be about eight feet ; their extreme nine and upwards ; though wc did not meafure them by any ftandard, artd had rcafon to believe them rather more thari kfs. Their cloathing confifted of che fkins pf guanacocs, or Peruvian foeep, which reached frpm cheir fooulders down CO chcir knees ; and chcir hair was long and black, hanging down behind. The faces of che wo men, were painted moft extravagantly, and their ftature equally furprifing wieh chac of che men. We faw fome of their infants in cheir mochers arms, whofe feacures^ confidering cheir age, bore the fame proporcion. Spme of cheir women had collars on their necks, and brace lets on cheir arms; buc, from whence chey cpuld pro cure chem was a fubjedt pf wonder, as, frpm cheir great . amazemenc at firft feeing us, we cpnjcdtured, chac chey hid never beheld any civilized beings befpre. Ic may, ^ Q 2 however. 676. COMMODORE BYRON, 17^4- however, be concluded from the accounts of Sir John .'"'^^ Narhorough, and others, who have cakcn notice. of thefe Indians, chac ehey doubtiefs change eheir fieuacion wieh ehe fun, fpending che fummer here, and in winter removing farcher cq ehe north, in order ep enjoy chc benefie of a milder climate. Hence Sir John and others have related, ebae ehey faw men of an uncommon fize, ac kaft eighe or cen degrees more Co che norchward ; whence ie may reafonably be conjedtured, chae during one pare of che year, ehey may have fomc ineercourfe wich che Indians, who border on fpme of che Spanift) fecckmencs, and ehae from ehem chey mighc have pur chafed thefe ornaments. 'f heir language appeared to us to be nothing more than a confufed jargon, without any mixture of the Spanift or Portuguefe, the only European tongues of which it was poffibk for them to obtain any know ledge ; and with which it is probable it would have been mixed, had they any immediate intercourfe with the Spaniards or Portuguefe of South America. Thefe people frequently looked towards the fun with an air of adoration, and made motiorts with their fingers, in or der to make us fenfible of any particular circumftance they wanted us to underftand. . They appeared to be of an amiable and fricHdly difpofirion, and feemed to live in great unanimity amongft themfelves. After we had been with them a fliort time, they made figns for us to go with them to the fmoke which wc faw at a diftance, and atthe fame tinie pointed to their.mouths, as if they intended to give us fome refrefoment : but their number being at prefent greatiy fuperiour to ours, and, it being not improbable, ehae ftill greacer multi tudes mighc come upon us unawares from ehe inland country, our Commodore, who was equally remarka ble for his prudence and his bravery, choughe ic not advifeable to veneure any farcher from ehe waccr-fide. By che obfervations we made from che maft-head, when we were ac abouc chree or four miks diftance, *rtd frqm the fm.oke we faw rifing from different quar eers. ^o MAGELLANICA, &c. 677 ters, thefe Patagonians feemed Cp have no hues to fe- 1764- 'cure chem from ehe weather; bue co be'cneirelyexpof- '""'^ cd, withoue fo much as a cree ofa moderace growth eo Ihelcer chem. Indeed ehe foil is in general fandy, and -.the hills, which are very high, are intcrfperfed with valleys, that to all appearance are barren, for we here found neither water nor trees, but only a few forubs. We ought not to omit, that the greateft part of chofe who furrounded us on the foore, were, before our landing, on horfeback ; buc, on feeing us make up to chem, they difmouhted, and left their horfes at -fome diftance. Thefe horfes feemed to be about fix- I teen hands high, and very fwift ; but bore no propor tion to the fize of their riders, and feemed to be but in a poor condition. At length, after making figns that wc would depart, with the moft plaufible promifes, by our geftures, of returning to them again from the Ihip, wc left thefe Patagonian Indians, who were fo diftreffed and afflidted ae our leaving them, that we heard their cries for a confiderable time after *. Wc * The following accounts given us of thefe extraordinary peo- ' pie, we infert as fo many evidences in corroboration of -what our authoi- has afferted. His veracity, indeed, requires no aid among ihofe who have the pleafure of his acquaintance. A gentleman, who -was an oflBcer in one of the fhips, and on ftore at the fame time with our author, has given us the follow ing account. " The Dolphin having entered lo on 2 leagues Into the mouth "of the Straits of Magellan, the men on deck obferved thirty or forty people of an extraordinary ftature, ftanding on the beach of the continent, who, looking attentively at them, made friendly ¦figns, by which they feemed to invite them to come on fhore ; -while others, who ftood aloft, difcovered with their glaffes a much » greater number, about a mile farther up the country ; but afcrib- ed their apparent fize to the fogginefs of tlie air. The fhip hap pening at this inftapt to be becalmed, the Hon. IVIr. Byron, think ing no time would be loft by going on fliore, refolved to land, in order to fee thefe Indians, and learn what he could of their man ners ; he therefore ordered a fix-oared boat for himfelf and offi- 4iers ; and one of twelve oars tQ be filled with mea and arms, as » fecurity. 67^ COMMODORE feiTRONi 1764. We Weighed and fee fail ac iforee in che afcernobn; ^"""^ and at eighe anchored in cwency-five fachoms water, ae ehe diftaiice of three miks noreh-rioreh-eaft from Pore Poftcfion, in view of Cwo remarkable hummocks, which are diftinguifoed by ehe name ofehcy^'j- Ears. Ae feciiiityi. iu cafe i;h'ere fliould be any attempt to furprife or injure hiiii, or any of t'hofe whp went with him ; though the people ori fhore did not -feem to have any thing like an offenfive weapon among them. " On the Commodore's landing, in company with his lieutenant; lie made figns to the Indians, who were crouding round him, 16 retire, which they veiry readily did, to the diftance of -.jo or 40 yards. He then, attended by his lieutenant, advanced towards them about 2© yards ; and their number was foon_ increafed to wpw.-irds of 500 men, women, and children. Several civilities at this tira» pafled on both fides, the Indians expreffing their joy and fttisfeflion, by fmging uncouth fongs, fhaking hands, and fitting wit;ii looks of pleafure, with their -wiits and children round the Commodore, who diftribut^ among them ribbons and ftrings of .beads, with which they appeared extremely delighted. He tied necklaces round the necks of feveral of the women, who feemed to be from- feven and a half to eight feet high ; but the men were Tor the moft part about nine feet in height, and fome more. The Commodore himfelf meafures full fix feet, and though he itood on tip-toe, he could, but juft reach the crown of one of th& Indians heads, who was not, by far, the talleft among them. The men are well made, broad fet, and of prodigious ftrength. Both fexes are of a copper-colour ; they have long black hair, and -were clothed with fkins, which were faftened about their necks by a thong ; the Ikins worn by the men being loofe ; but the women's girt clofe vtith a kind of belt. Many of the men and women rode On horfes, which were about fifteen hands and a half high, all of them aftride ; and they had among them fome dogs which had a picked fnout like a fox, and were nearly of the fize of a middling pointer. ^ " Thefe friendly people invited the Commodore, and all thofe -V. ho were landed, to go with them up ^s country, fhewing a diftant fmoke, and pointing to itheir mouths, as if they intended xo give us a repaft ; and, in return, the Commodore invited the -Indians to come on board, by pointing to his ftiip; btit neither of them accepted of the other's invitation ; and therefore having *.paffcd two hours in an agreeable converfation, carried on wholly by figns, they parted with all the marks of friendfliip. " The country all around is fandy; but diverfified with fmall hills, covered with a ihort coarfe grafs, and with flirubs, none of whiek TO MAGELLANICA, Wf, 679 Ac chrec in ehc morning, we weighed, and failed 1764. wieh ehe wind ae eaft, fteering fouch-weft" by foueh cwo ^•'vo leagues, when ehc waeer fooakd eo fix fathoms and an half, we being chen full chree U-aguts dillar.a- iro'.ii ehc fhore; buc, in ewo or ehree call.. <,f the iog-!inc, ic deepened eo chirceen fachoms. After which wr t'u- icd fouch-weft by fouth, ewo leagues coeheencrance of t!;c . firft narrow, as ie is ufually calkd. This narrow is abouc ehree miks over, and is ehe narroweft part of tiic Straits: Through ic a regular cide runs wieh great >a- pidicy. vphich, as Sir Jolin Narharough has long before remarked, is large enough to make the helve of a hatchet." Another gentleman on board has given an account that exaflly tallie? with the above, with thefe additional circumftances. That when they were lo or 1^2 leagues within the Straits, they faw through their glaffes many people on fliore of a prodigious fize : Which extraordinary -magnitude they thought to be a deception, occafioned by the hazinefs of the air, it being then fomewhat fog gy; but, on coming near the land, they Appeared of ftill greater hulk, and made amicable figns to our people to come on fhore. That when the fhip failed on to find a proper place of landing, they made lamentations, as if they were afraid our people were going off, and would not land. He alfo fays, there were near 4C0 , of them, and about one 3d of the- men on horfes not much larger than ours; and that they rode with their knees up to the horfe's -withers, having no fth-rups. That there were women, and many children, whom fome of our people took in their arms and kiffed, which the Indians beheld wich much feeming fatisfaflion. That by way of affedlion and efteem, they took his hand between theirs, and patted it ; and that fome of thofe he faw, were ven feet high, well-proportioned and well-featured ; their fliins were of a warm copper- colour, and they had neither offenfive nor ¦ defenfive -weapons. He alfo fays, that they feemed particularly pleafed with Lieutenant Cummins, on account of his ftature, he being fix feet two inches high, and that fome of them patted him on the ftoulder, but their hands fell with fuch force, that it affefled his whple frame. In fine, another officer of the fquadron, who communicated an account of thefe extraordinary people, to the Royal Society, in a paper, which that learned body has referved for publication, gives the fame account, with thefe additional circumftances : That they all appeared to be very fagacious, eafily underftood the fignals or intimations which our people made to them, and behaved with great. complacency and good nature, The 68o COMMODORE BYRON, ^7^4- The land is on each ficfe furrounded wich hills, and '^'^'^is a country erteirely barren, wichoue ehe appearance of a fingle cree: yec we here faw greae quancieies of fmoke rifing from diiferene pares of ehe fliore, ¦ and a number of /^t3f/ This we knew from a perfon, who lately came from'* , thence it) one ofhis Majefty's fhips of war. This paf- ture-ground is fo rich, that th§ grafs rofe as high as our breafts ; which rendered ic very eroublefomc walk^ ing: We however cue down greac quancieies of ic, an^ • dried ic for che ufe of our fheep. Ifldecd ic may be fairly conjedturfd, tha,t if the , '• Vqj.. m. 4 S couner 690 COMMODORE BYRON, JT^S- couritry was properly examined, many valuable difeo ' '"^^ veries might be made with refped to its vegecabks and mirierals : for upon a flight examination of the hills, we found a kind of iron-ore, and had fome reafon co- believe, that if a more exact ferutiny was made, other ores might be found of greater value. Oti our firft going on fhore in the boats, the watei^- fide was entirely covered on every fide with diffetcht kinds of fowl, of very beautiful colours, and fo tame, that in lefs chan half an hour, we knocked down as- many as we could conveniencly carry away in our boacs ; parcicularly white and painced geefe, a greac number of pengwins, cape-hens, and bcher fowl. Thofe CO which we gave ehc name of painced geefe, were exadtly of ehe fize of ours, only of a differene cb- lour, having a ring of green feaehers on ehc body, and. fpoeson differene pares, wieh yellow fegs. 'A ftranger would fcarcely forbear fmiiling ae feeing our fhip, ac this.jundture ; for'|ncver was any poulcerer's fhop in Leadenhall market fo pkncifully fupplied wich fowl, and, the men in every pare were bufily. employed in picking* them. As by experience we' found chac they had, a ftrong tafte, from thci*r feeding upon fea-wceds, fpiall fifli, arid particularly' limpits, of which there is great' pfenty as large aS oyfters ;¦ we found out a new method pf drelTirio Chem, which rendered even chefe fowls ex- trennlely palatable ; fo that we had as much provifions, and thac of' the niceft fore, is we could defire. The meehod we purfued, was by cucifing ehc'm into pieces over night, and letting them ly'in falt-water till the riext day ; ehat after- their being' thus pui-ged by lying ,in foak, we mighc, the nexe rriornrng, wieh a fufficiene qiiapciey of flour, make them ineo pics. ' Befides thefe fowls, -we mec wieh a 'prodigious quan ticy of ducks, fnipes, teal, plover, Trinall birds, and' frefli-watcr geefe, which laft, living entirely by the. frefh ponds, have a moft delicious tafte, ind are not inferiour to chofe we are accuftomed eo eat irt England. (Thefe laft are eneirely whiee, excepc eheir legs. Wc ,;' - -- ••:-¦' very TO MAGELLANICA, y<:. €gi tery frequencly fenc ewo men in fearch of chem, who 17^^.' were fure eo bring home half a dozen, if noc more, ^"^ which ehey found by eheir weighe eo be a fufficiene load, as chey were noC a liccle encumbered by ehe heighe of the grafs. We alfo found a greac number of feals, fome of them very large ; and feveral of our men were employed on , fhore, ae a place we called Bubblers Bay, fromche num berof chofe creacures wc kifled for eheir oil; for when boiled, they produced a fufficient quantity of it for the fliip's cq.mpany eo burn in lamps, while ehe men pre ferved cheir fkins for waiftcoaes, -and various ocher ufes. We were noc furprifed ac meecing wich fuch quancieies of feals, when we afterwards found chac cheyhad fome- eimes eighceen or more at a litter. ¦On the: north fideof the harbour i's the principal ifland. to which v;e chiefly went on fhore, on account of its fieuacion, and che fine profpedt it afibrded from a prodigious high hill, which cannoe be afeended wich ouc difficulcy; bue on reaching eo che top, che great faciglie^of afcending ic is fully rccompciifed, by che de ligheful view it commands of che fhips ac anchor, wieh every pare of ehe harbour ; of che chree paflagcs inco Von Egmont, ehc fea which furrounds you on every fide, and all the adjaccnc iflands, which are upwards of fifey frkial! and greae, all of which appeared covered wich verdure. On ehe ewency-ehird of January, che Commodore, wich the Captains of the Dolphin and Tamer, and the principal oflicers, went bn fhore eo che above ifla,nd, where ehe Union Jack was eredted on a high ftafF, and, being fpread, cl'C Commodore named chc Whole his Majefty's ifles, which he claimed for che crown of Great Britain, his heirs and fucceflbrs. The colours Were no fooner fpread, chan a falucc was fired from che fliip. They were very merry on che occafion, a large bowl of arrack-punch being carried on fhore, ouc of which ehey drank, among feVeral loyal coafts, fuccefs Jo the difcovery of fo fine a harbour. This evenirig our 482 finith 6f2 COMMODORE BYRON, 1 765, fmieh came ori bqard, he having been employed oil ""'^f^ fliore, in making'and repairing iron-work for che ufe of the fhip. Afcer having compleated our wacering, furveyed ehe harbour, and provided every ching neceflary for ^ our deparcure, we lefe Pore Egmont, on Sunday che 27 ch^ and failed wichin fight of che land, naming ehe head lands, cill we came Co che foueh-eaft poinc. 1 hefc iflands ly in ehc lacicude of fifty-one degrees, cwcncy-cwo mi nuces fouch, and in fixey-fix degrees; cen miriuees weft longicude. They excend upwards of forey-ewo leagues from eaft Co weft, and abouc five or fix from norch to fouch. However, ie muft be remembered, chat this may riot be the exact breadth of them, as we faikd only to the northward and eaftward, and did not ac tempt to go weft or fouth, for fear of th6 heavy gaks which are fo frequent in thofe feas. On the 26th of February, we weighed from. Port ¦ Famine, leavipg the ftorcfliip to proceed for England^ and fetting fail, ftood out of the Bay to the fouth ward point ; St. Ann's bearing north-weft by norch two leagues ; Point Shutup fouth by weft two leagues; and CapeFerward north-weft half-weft three leagues. Wc now difcovered the French fhip lying at anchor in a fmall bay, fix miles to the weftward of Point Shutup; , f with her yards and. top-mafts ftruek. At eight we . brought to, with the lhip*s head to the northvward, and clofe-recfed che copfails, Capt Forward bearing norch two miles, , Ac four ehc nexe morning wfe failed, having firft fent the boac Co found clofe eo Cape Forward, when chere were found a hundred fachoms water, ae half a cable's length from chc rocks. Ae ekven, wc worked eo che windward bet.ween Cape Forward and Cape Holland; and, aC half an hour paft five, anchored in nine fachoms Waccr, Cape Forward bearing eaft half-fouch, fix miles; and a fmall ifland weil by fouch half-fouch, dne mile. The .Scraies are here four IcaguCjS broad ; ehe land On each fide rifes in very high mouneains, which are for the TO MACSELLANiCA; &c. 693 the moft part covered with fnow, Ac fix in che afcer- 1765. noon we weighed, ftanding to the weftward. Ac eighe '¦'^ Cape Forward bore eaft-norch-eaft half-eaft, ehree leagues ; and .Cape Holland weft by norch, cwo leagues. Ac ten Cape Holland bore eaft-north-eaft, two leagues, and Cape Gallant weft half-north, feven leagues. On our being a-breaft of Cape Forward, which is the fouehermoft pare of che concinenc of America, and in 54 degrees, 7 minuces foueh lacicude, we mec wieh excelfive ftrong gales from chc weft- north- weft, which blew wieh fUch violence, ehat wc were driven three leagues to the eaftward, where we eaft artchor on the top of a rock in thirteen fathoms and a half water, a cable length from the bay : but foon after wc parted, or rather ftarted our ftream-anchor, and fell off the rock : It was very dark, and the fhip ftill kept driving wich a whole cable out, and was in the greateft danger bf being loft ; however, at four in the morning, we let go both bowers in 17 fathoms water. The wind ftill continued to blow vcr,y hard, and the fliip was fo near the rocks, that the boats could but juft kce,p cfear of the furf of the fhore. However^ chae Providence, which had hiehereo acccrided us, ftill concinued our friend, and preferved us from che chreaceried deftruc- eion ; for ehc nexe morning wc hove in che cable of our ftream-anchor ; buc found boeh ehe flukes of ehe anchor broke ; and ie being by chis means rendered ufekfs, It was thrown over board. Soon afcer we weighed both our bowers, and un furling our fails, we fteered from the north fhore, and were now ateended wieh lighc gales and fair weacher. In paffing along ehe coaft we faw a fmoke, and foon' after difcovered a great number of Indians in detached parties, fome of whom, on feeing us, put their canoes into the vvacet, and made towards our fhip. When they Came within rnufket-fhot, they began a moft hi deous fhouting, on which we hallowed to them, and waved our hands as a fignal for them to come on board "as, which, after many perfuafive figns on our iide, -they 694 COMMODORE BYRON, 1765. they ciid. On cheic firft encering ehe fhip, ehey furveyed "•"¦^ ic round, wieh no fmall aftonifl:imenc, as if chey bad ne ver feen a veflel of che like kind before. Thefe Indians were in general of a middling ftacure, and of a very brown complexion, wich long black hair, ehae hung down on eheir fhoulders. Their bodies were covered wieh ehe fkin of fome animal unknown eo us; ' bue fome of ehem had noe a fufficicnc quancicy of it to cover their nakednefs. Wc trafficked with thefe poor Indians, or rather gave them abundance of things, and particularly cloaths, which they feemed to receive with ^rfeat fhankfulncfs ; they were alfo exceeding fond of the bifcuie, which we diftribuced co chbm precey frec- , ly ; chough chey appeared fomewhae unwilling eo part wich any ehing in recurn. Some of them had bows and arrows chae were niade of fuch hard wood, chae ic feem ed aimoft impcneerable ; and che bows were noe only exceeding cough and fmooch, bue wroughe with very curious workmanfliip ; as to the ftring, it was formed of a twifted gut. The arrows, which are about two feet long, were pointed with flint fliaped like a har poon, and cue wieh as greac nicecy, as if ehey had been fhaped by che moft exadt lapidary ; and ac chc oeher end a feaeher was fixed Co diredt ies flighe. They have alfo javelins. Thefe people feem eo be very poor arid perfedlly harmlefs, coming foreh Co eheir refpedtive callings, as foon as the morning dawns, and when the fun fees, reciring.eo eheir diftereriC habicatioris. They live aimoft eneirely on fifh, and parcicularly on lirtipics and mufcks, ehe laceer of which they have in great pkncy, and much larger chan chofe We mceC with 'in Errjand. The boats ufed by chefe Indians, are bue indifferene^ ly puc cogcther ; they arc made ' chiefly of the bark of trees, and are juft big enough to hold one family ; chey are very lighc, and wheri chey come on fhore, Chcy drawchem upon ie, ouC of the reach of the tide, and feem very carefiil of preferving chem. Some of ehcfe boacs, however, fhow in eheir ftrudture no liccle degree of TO MAGELLANIC A, &c. 695 of ingeniiiey. Tl^y arc formed of chrec pieces, one ac 1765. the boecom, whicli ferves, for ehc keel and pare of ehe ^""^ fides, and is fafliioncd boeh wiehin and wichouc by means office ; upon chis are placed cwo upper pieces, one on each fide, which are fewed cogecher, and Co the boecom pare, fike a feam fewed wich a needle and thread. All cheir boacs ingencral are very narrow, and each end formed alike, boeh fliarp, and lifing up a confiderable heighe. Thefe Indians are very dexeer- ous in ftriking che fifli from cheir boacs wieh cheir ja velins, chough ehey lie fome feec under wacer. In chefe inftanees ehey feem eo lliew ehe uCmoft excene of cheir ingenuiey; for we found ehem incapable of underftand ing chings die moft obvious Co their fenfes. For in ftance, on cheir firft coming on board, amongft che trinkets we prefented them, were fome knives and feiffars, and in giving them thefe, we tried to make them fenfible of their ufe : but after our repeated en deavours, by Ihewing the manner of ufing them, they continued as inferifibk as at firft, and could not learn to diftinguifh the blades from the handles. ¦ There are plenty of feals in this part of the Straits^ but we did not meet with many fowl, which is doubt iefs owing to the intenfenefs of the cold ; nor did we find the woods infefted by any kind of wild beafts. ' 0.-. failing to the weftward we found an irregular tide, which fonletimcs ran eighteen hours to the eaft ward, an,d but fix to the weftward ; at ocher times, when fhe wefterly winds blow with any degree of ftrength, it would conftantly run for feveral days to the eaft. At intervals we had hard gales of wind, and prodigious fqualls from the high mountains, whofe fummits arc covered with fnow. The Straits are here four leagues over, and it is difficult to get any anchor age, on account of the unevennefs and irregularity of the bottom, which in feveral places clofe to the fhore has from 20 to 50 fathoms water, and in other parts no ground is to be found with a line of 150 fathoms. ' After having been ten or twelve days driven back by the 69^;^ COMMODORE' BYRON, J7f5S- the currents and winds, and after our having, made ''^ many fruitlefs attempts, we beat round Cape Quad,^ and anchored in a fmall bajr on the fouth fliore. Th© next day we fent our boats in order to foiind to the weftward, thac they mighc find fome little cove or creek Co anchoi- in. The Scraits are here no more chan chree Jeagues over, and wc had reafon Co chink, thac che fnow never melcs from ehc mountains ; bue cherc are che moft beaueiful -cafcades^ and caearadts ehae run from ehe hills, and cannot be viewed wichouc delighc. We here faw a great nuriiber of iflands, and many Indians difperfed in feveral quareers, amongft whom wc found a famxily which ftruek our aceention. ft was . compofed of a decrepid old man, his wife, cwo fons, and a daugheer. The laecer appeared Co have tolera ble feaeures, and an Englift face, which chey feemed to be defirous of keting us know ; they making a long harangue, not a fyllabk of which we underftood, tho' we plainly perceived it was in relation cp 'this, woman, whofe age did not exceed thirty, by their pointing firfl at her, and ehen ae chemfelves. Various were ch? con- jedfures we formed in regard eo ehis circumftance, eho' we generally agreed, chac eheir figns plainly fhewed thac they oSered her eo us, as being of che fame coun try. They appeared in one inftance, co be quice unci vilized, for whert we came up Co chem, we foqnd chei^ eacing raw fifh. On che fevench of March, in chc morning, we weighed, and failed from ehe foueh fhore, anibng fe veral iflands, where our foundings were very irregular? bue foon after we came to an anchor in 26 fachoms, on ehc fouch fhore, when we veered away eo half a car ble CO 1 3 fachoms, and in fome places Co 30, 50, and,^ 70 fachoms, oppofice Cape Quad. We found here bue few birds of any kind, and but a fmall quaricicy of mufcles along ehe fhore ; and eho' we fenc our boae incoa bay co hale che fean, ic recurn ed wichoue any fuccefs, no fifh being Co be found. However, in chis pare of che Straics, we found great quancieies ' to MAGELLANICA, 6f. ,697 (juantitie's of red befries; fomewhat refembling our 1765. cranberries, , They are about the fize of a hazle riut, ^^'^¦ and are the chief provifion of the Indians in thefe parts : upon chefe we fed, and they being wholefome and re- frcftiino-, were found of confiderable fervice to the fhip's cortipany. At feven in the forenoon we came to an anchor in a fmall bay on the norch fliore, between Cape Monday and Cape Quad; wheri wc moored our fhip with a fmall -anchor. . , On the ninth of March we got under way, ftanding- to che north- weft witha pleafant breeze, ac fouch by eaft; but When a-breaft of Cape Monday Bay, the wind tookus a-back, arid continued from fix o'clock in che ^afternoon till eight; at which time Cape Monday Bay bore eaft half-north fix leagues. On the tench at fix in the morning, a violent ftorm of wind came on, which was very near proving of fatal 'confequence to us; for ic was very chick rainy wea ther, and we fuddenly difcovered funken rocks on our lee-bow, juft appearing above chc furface of che wacer, at f bouc half a riiik from us. We cacked immediaeely, and in half an hour ic blew fo hard, chat we were ob liged CO beai- up before ehe wirid, and go in fearch of an harbour. However, foon after wc came eo an anchor ih a bay; in 16 fathoms waeer, abouc Cwo leagues eo the eaftward of Cape Monday Bay ; bue ehe anchor fal ling from die bank ineo 50 fachoms, ehe fhip aimoft drove on fliore, bue happily ehc anchor clofing wich a rock, broughe us up, and in ehe afternoon we weigh- ied, and fteered inco a propeC anchoring place, intirely fetarounded wich high precipices, where we lay not more thafl two cables length from the fliore. On the 1 1 th of March, we had heavy fqualls of ^ind, attended with much rain, at which cinic che Commodore, widi a generoficy which endeared him co the crew; diftribuced as much cloch among ehe failors as would make all of ehem lofig waiftcoaes ; a prefent highly accepcable ac ehis feafon, and ehc more fo, .as .. -Vol.. 111. 4 T the (59'8 COMMODORE BYRON, 17(^5. the officers and men, on lea.ving EnglaHdt from chfeir *"''*^ expedting co fail diredtly co India, had provided no thick -cloathing. And ehac no parciaKcy might be fliewn. CO chbfc on board his own fhip, hc alfo ordered *n equal diftribueion eo be made amortg che men on board ehc Tamer. Onche i2Ch, while we were employed in WOoding and wacering chefhip, the Tamer's. boat was fenC Co ehe weftward, with an officer from boch fhips, co fearch for anchoring places. < Thofe in ehe boac, during their .abfence, were benighted, and obliged by diftrefs of weacher co puc inco fhore, and Cake fhelccr under a tentji^ che materials for which they had Caken whh ehem. After which, wandering aboue, they faw a numberof Indians, employed on the fhore in cutting up a dead whale, which feeritcd the place for fomc diftance, a- round, it being in a fi;acc of putrifadtion. This we .^fuppofed ehey defigned for their miferable food, as they cue ic in large flices, and carried chem away on their fhoulders to anocher parcy ac a diftance, who were engaged round a fire. However, ic is perhaps equally, probable, chac, like the Greenlandersy and oCher oaeions in our norcherri hemifphere, chey mighc be cm- ployed in making oil for' chcir lamps, againft ehe ap proaching wincer. The boac ac lengch recurned wich ehe agreeable news of chofe on board havirig found feveral harbours co ehe weftward ; which ehe Commodore no fooner^ heard, chan, in order ' - .Thefe /»^/««.* were of a Very black Con'iplexion, with well-proportioned limbs, arid appeared tb be extreme ly adtive and fu|l of vigour. Their women, who were 'only CO be diftiOguifhed by eheir bofgrns, had fome thing twifted round eheir waift,' and' barigirig down from ehence eo hide wh'ic nature taughe chem eo Con ceal ; as ' had alfo the meri, 'arid chis was their only ' ctoachirig. '-They all cogcther amounced to about fifty in number,, including che children : and tb the fouth- , • ¦ „ - -¦¦'• • • •¦ weft TO MAGELLANICA,:&c. -^of weft we could perceive cheir huts, under the fhade of i765» the moft lovely grove vve ever faw. """^^ The^ ne;?c day, ac fix in the morning, we worked uri-^ der the lee of the other ifland, which lay to the weft ward of the former, and fent out our cutter co found for a place co anchor in. But here, to our great difap*- • pointmcrit, we faw a much greaicer number of Indians furrounding che fhore, who with fpears of equal lengch' followed us in che fame manner, feveral hundreds of them running along the coaft in greaC diforder ; and, at the fame cvme, we beheld che ifland covered wieh a prodigious numberof cocoa-nut, plancairi, and cama>- rind trees. Having waieed fome cime with greac im patience for che recurn of the cutcer, we fired a gun, as a fignal for our men to come on board, which cerri- bly alarmed che Indians, who fecmetf co confulc among themfelves, what meafures it would be irioft proper for them CO cake. They had fnany canoes, which, oh our approaching the fhore, they dragged inco the woods, and ac che fame time, che women came with great ftones ill clicir hands, to affift the men in pi^venting our landing : but the cutter now foon returned,^ briitg- frtg much the fame accounc of this as of che ocher ifland, chere being no founding ac a cable's Ipngch from the fhore, with a line of too fathoriis. This gave us the greater concern, as we had now thirty fick on board, to whom cheland-air, the fruit and vegecabks, chac appeared fo beaueiful and actradtive, would doubt iefs have afibrded immediate relief. Wc therefore; wich longing eyes, left chefe delight ful iflands, to which we gave che name of che Iflands of DifappoitTtment ; and coneinuing our courfe, on che iich of June, ac fix o'clock in ehe afternoon, the Ta mer made che fignal for feeing land, on which we lay to all night, and che nexe morning, running alohg the fhore to find, a place to anchor in, we ftood In to a bay, with aft inccnc'co come eo; but there being no founidings ac a greacer; diftance than half a cable's lengch from theftiore, theCfioimodore would not yen}- 4 U 2 ture 7o8 COMMODORE BYRON, I-765- ture to eaft anchor, but made fail again to the wfeft*' ^""^ ward ; however, the boats goifig agam to found, faw two canoes^ following them, on whieh the Commodore'^ ¦made the fignal for che boats to give chace;. but at ons in the aftprnopH, the canoes cook Co che fliore, and die -men wieh the fticks and, fta-ws defended the beach, till our boacs were in cheir own defence-obliged co fire, by which feveral of chem were k-ilfed, or ac leaft wound ed, and carried away by cheir corapamoriS' ineo ehe woods. When ehc boacs recurning on board; .brought the ewo canoes wieh ehem, one of which was .31 feet in length, and che ocher only foureeen. i Afeef difperfing chefe Indians, we wenc on fhore to' .pnocure fot».e refrcfliraents,-whcrt we faw manyof their huts, .which are in general built very Jow, with a top like the roof of a^dufe covered with.matting. They had not forgotten in. their fright co cake all cheirworb- - ing cools with ehem, by which means we were deprived- of ehe pleafure, of knowing in whae manner chey .form ed cheir canoesr, ehough-we faw feveral chac were, build* ing and noc yec finiflied. We here gaehcred a great number of oocoa-nucs, which feem co be the. principal- produce of che ifland, and among che reft aJarge quai>- tity of feurv-yc-grals, and other vegetables, for the ufe of our fick. For as the fhip. could not eaft anchor, the. fick were not fent afhore.. , ThiSjifland lies about fixtyTfevien. leagues to; ehe weft; fouth-weft,- half- fouth. of the iflandi laft-mcntioned, in the latitude of degcees, fourteen minutes fouth, and in weft' longitude from Z-OTi/oK.- ,, degrees, ten minutes; and., is all round: next; the fea covered wieh -very beautiful red and white coral, with a.great quan tify of pearls, and a multitud'e.of fine fhells; hence' •we gave ic che name of Coral Ifland. Ic is abouc cen or eicven leaguesin Icngeh;, and- near chrec in breadeh;, ;bue chere is very litcle frefh water to be fotipd near chc fhore : wc faw only one fpring juft.fufficienc for ehe ufe of a fmall number of the inhabitants ; and it appealed thatthey were accuftojned to fetch chcir waeer from this.,, TO MAGELLANICA, &c. 709 this fpring, and co depofic in a cavicy dug ac che fooC i?^?' bf a cree, in order co fupply cheir prefenc occafions. ^'-'^~' Thereis, hoivcver, a lake in chc middle of ehe iflaind, where chc Indims cacch curcle, and we faw a greae num ber of cheir fhells, wbichehey life in narrow flips along the feams of their canoes inftead of caulking. We found great quancieies of fifh hanging On ehc limbs of trees co dry, which chcy caech wich pearl-hooks, and ftrong lines made of filk-grafs. Thefe people feem ca have fome nocions of religion, as we faw a, place, whicb we concluded eo be appropriaced eo chcir worfliip. A riJde buc very agreeabk avenue opened eo a fpacious area, in which -was one of the krgclt and moft fpread ing eocoaswe faw in the place, before whicrh, were fe-* veral large ftones, which were probably aicars, and from che cree hung ehc 'figure of a dog adorned wich feaehers. Thefe people feem co-have a noeion of keep^- ing above ground, chc bodies of cheir dead ; for behind thefe ftones-,- and a lieele cowards ehe eaftward, was a wooden box, in which we found ehe fl-cekeon of a-hu- ¦man being, who- appeared eo have been ©f an enor mous fize, . Scil-l fteering to the weftward,, we faw another ifland^ wKfch was fiti^ated in the fame latitude, and in degrees, twenty minutes, weft longitude. We fent our boats to find an anchoring place, and ehey no foon er approached, the fhore, chan a greae number of Indians coming eo che boacs, che men on board ehem diftribu^ fed a few crinkccs among ehem, wich which ehey feem ed highly pleafed, and by cheir aneic geftures, expref fed cheir facisfadtion. Encouraged by ehe fimplicity and friendly behaviour of chefe inoffenfive people, ehe men veneured on fhore ; on which che Indians flocked round chem finging and dancing, as if eo exprefs cheir joy. -To this Ifland, which is abouc feven leagues in : lengch from che fouch-weft cp ehe norch-eaft, and abouc three in breadeh, we gave ehc name of King George's -Ifland. A lake in chc middle of ic is of fuch excene, that ehe land around ie is in fome places very narrow-; buc 'k"*^' fio COMMODORE B.Y RON; 1765. but it did not feem to have3b eireatiaimmbefef cd. coa-trees growing upon ic as the otfaer dlamda wc had Ja«dyfeen. ... •! p.- ourproceeding to che fouthnftard,, we Tawr another iiland, wfai-cfa wc caBed the Prince .-of Wxles's, and im* mediately haled to. It hasia narrow neck ofJaod, about five leagues in lengCh, rianningjfomhibyweiftaind north by eaft. We here alfb faw a greac mirtaber KJf kiAims; wich feveral canoes difperfed on different pa:rcs of the ffiore. This ifland is fituaeed in . degrees* two mi nutes fouth latitude, and in degrees weft Jlcm^tude from London. On the 21ft of June, at feyen: in the naorningn wc again faw land a-head, which, on our nieaiRrr appnoach, we found eo be a fingle ifland about foor ieagucs in lengch, furratrnded wich ihoals and lar^kaens, whence we cermed ic the Ifland of Danger. It isfltaaied in -degrees, 30 minutes ladtade, andin dcgreesv ten minutes longitude. At the diftance we were fr&ra ic, ic appeared very fruitful, and aboanciai, wich cor coa-trees, which/ were plainly yifib-ie;.- TJjis jflland is fo divided by the water chac flows over che.banks* as at fome diftauce Co appear like three ifliands* Aisyoii run in wieh the land., yona; fee che. fands,. and at aJRjut fcvert leagues diftance from the moft eaflsnn pares of the ifland lies a fhoal of rocks, near a qmarccr afia mile in lengch, and when a- hneafb of thefe cocks, the iflaind hears weli by north. Still pjrocceding in our courfe to the weftward, we" had on 23d exceflivie. hard fhowers of rain, on which we feized this opporcuni.ty of . filling- our cafks with a frefh fupply of wacer. This ii performed* a^Joard. a fhip by exeending large piecej of canvas in; art horizontal pofition, bringing chem by-che corners, and. placing a cannon-ball, of any' thing heavy in the centre ; by which means che rain running cmckling ta che middle, pours irt a ftream inco the cafks placed^ under. In chis manner che A&»i//a fhips, during the Ibng paflages they make chroughthe Souch Seas, recant their wacer, from TO MAGELLA T^IC A, &c. yu ftota the great Ihowers of rain, which ac chis feafon of 1765- the year fall io thefe latitudes, for which purpofe they ^""^ always carry a great number of earchen jars wich chem. The nesicday we had nrioderace fair weacher, and at abowt ten in the morning, faw anocher ifland, wieh a prodigious number of different kinds of birds upon ic. On which we ftood in for che land, and hoifted oue ouf boacs CO find an anchoring place. This ifland lies in the latieude of degrees, 33 minuces fouch, and in degrees, 16 minuces weft longicude; ie is about four leagues in, lengch from eaft to weft, and nearly as; n-jucb in breadeh. There is alfo a lake in ehe middle of the ifland; and the fea in fonrie pareicular places fcmecimes overflows chc banks. The land is in gene- -pal very low ; though when you firft make ic, fome pares of it appear quice the contrary : for it has rifing grounds covered with fine lofty trees ; while moft of the other parts arc low, and have a fandy difagreeable foil. Oat boats at length returned wich ehe unfavour- abfe news of eheir ha-ving found no gobd place co an chor in. However, we difpatched chem a fecond cime to procure fome refrefhmenc from' chis ifland, which we named the DukeofTork, and at fix in ehe afternoon, they returned v?ich a great quanticy of cocoa-nues which appeared to be che only fruie chis ifland produ ces ; at leaft it is the only fruit they were able to find. It is remarkable; that we could not here obferve che jeaft fign of any inhabieancs ; and we fuppofed ic was never feen by any one before. On the ?. 8th of June, we had frefh breezes, with heavy fqualls of rain, and now giving up all hopes of feeing Solomon's Iflancls *, which we had expedted to- vific ; " .f Tlie iflands of Solomon ate faid to have been difcovered by ¦ferdinand df ^ires, who reprefe^ited them as exceeding rich and populous ; and feveral Spaniards, who have pretended that they ¦Were driven thither by ftrefs of weather, have foid that the na,- •tives, with refpeft to their perfons and behaviour, were much like - thofe of the continent of Amttica, and that they had ornamsntf; f]i?. COMMODORE BYRON, 17^5. vifit; and fliould certainly have found had 'Chere been "-"^ any fuch iflands, in che lacicude in which they are pkced in our maps, wc altered our eourfe to che norch-norch-weft, with the Tamer '\n cbmpan-y, during the whole eime : our people being frequencly employ ed in cacchirtg rain-waeer; we having been now up wards of four rnonchs wieh only a quart of wacer a day fbr each m.an. ' . ¦ , . V On che fourch of July, che Tamer making the fignal for feeing land, we ftood towards ic, and found an ifland in degrees, chirceen minuces, foueh lacitudc;, and in weft longicude, degrees, forty minutes ; and jc being never before difcovered, wc gave it the name of Bfron Ifland. It is near .four leagues from che north- weft CO the foueh -eafti and being -coyered wieh a great number of crees, appears very fruicful. To the fouth- 'Weft of che ifland you raay anchor from cen fachoms wacer co thircy-feven, in a coral boecom, half a mile from che fliore, where chere is litcle or no filrf, Ac Cen in the morinirig, w.e feric our boac armed on fhore, ac w.hich cime we faw a multieude of irihabicants, provid ed wich a kind .<^f .pi^oas or Indian boacs, featccred on difFc^enC pares of che;,fliore. On our boacs approaching che land, che Indiaifs came along-fide -chem, and craf- ,iicked wich OLl-r men, wh9 gave them Te veral crinkccs to exchange for cheir fruie,, aind ocher chingg ; and they fee-ftied CO be highly: deligheed both with',what they re ceived, ,and the courteous behayiour of- the faijors. Their boats are fmall, and co.yercd .Svith leaves of trees fewed together ; fome •of them carrying four people, and others only two.. Thefe have fome refemblance to the proas ufed by the fndians of the L&droiie I f\.ands^ they having what is, termed an outrigger, that is, a frame laid out to the windwa,rd, to b;al.ance this litcl^ of gold and filver ; but though the Spaniards have at diiferent times fent feveral perfons in fearch of thefe iflands, it -was always i,*i^hout fuccefs: which -am u ft probably proceed either froiti the sincertainCy of the latitude in which' they are faid to be found; or .the ,v'i.ole being a fiSipn. ¦ ,- :• ' '' ¦ ' yeflelj Te MAGELLANICA. &c. 713 vefTel, and prevene ics, overfeceing, which would other- 17(55. wife infallibly happen, from ics fmall breadeh in pro- '"'"^ portion eo ies length. thefe Indians are of an olive colour, and have fine long black hair, and their Ceech arc remarkably whiee. Tfbey are well made, and have ft'raie limbs, and great aftivity. The men were eneirely naked, and chough we faw upwards of a hundred of ehem in chcir proas, , chere was bue one woman among chem, and of her tliey feemed to take greac noeice : She was diftinguifhed by wearing fomeehing aboue her waift. While che proas were round ehe fhip, one of che Indians came on board, and, by his manner of fleeing on ehc deck, feemed eo be more ufed eo ficeing chan ftanding ; for he inftandy fquatted down on his hams, and did not quit that pofture till he -jumped overboard. Thefe Indians kern eo have no noeion even of chofe, poines, •which, one would chink, Nacure muft have informed them, of, without the aflSflance of che laws formed by polite nations for Che advaneage pf civil focicCy ; buc it is probable, .thac ehey enjoy all chings in a manner in Gommon, amongft chemfelves, and ehence have licele idea of propercy wieh refpedt co oehers. Thus one of tiiera Game in his proa, under chc fliip's ftern, and jumped inco our gun-room wichouc being perceived by tjie men,, whence he ftole fomc lieele crifles, which he could conveniently carry away in his hands ; and an ocher of ehem, who had erafficked wieh one of ehe men, afcer giving him ftrings of beads in exchange for che bread which he feemed defirous of- having, wacched his opporcunicy, and aceempced Co fnaech chem again oue of his hand, caking co ehe waeer, Co which chcy are fo habicuaced, ehat they will frequently ftay a mi nute or more under it. Oh the eighth of July, three days after we left this ifland, we made the fignarto th.; Taraer of feeing land, and at eight in the morning ran in v/ith it, ^ when wc faw three iflands, which proved to be Tinian, Aguigeny and Saypan ; but were obliged to ftand off and on frorn Vol. III. 4 X the 7i4 C0kM0i>0RE fiMON, 8rc. ^^ t^e-land ajl night. However, the next tiiornirtg, \«?i came t(> arichor in the roacl of Tinian, in 18 fathottts v;ater, in white fand intermixed with coral rock : orie of our anchorslay to the weftward, and the other to the eaftward, and ouf cabl^cs wefC buoyed with caflis, co^ keep them off the foul ground. Wc found frefli gales of wind from the north tp che eaft, and when wc moor ed, chc c'vde was obfervecf to run regularly frorti che ex- cremes of che iflartd, ebjiing and flowing aboue eigh^ or riiric feec. Thus we atrived at ehis delighcfvcl ifiand^ after a paffage of four fnonchs arid ewency days, from the Scraies of Magelldrt throtfgh the Pacifiic Ocean with this furprifing ,'arid happy circumftahce, that during chis long ru'ri, chough many had greac com plaincs of ehe fcurvy, from chefak-provifions they had been pbljged eo live upon, yec chrough ehe care of che Commodore, in cauffing the people co be fupplied af ftaeed times with portabk foap, and chc refreflimene^ wc had obeained from fevcfal Klands, we had noc buried a fingle man ; and we had now, by being favoured wieh fair weather, an ©pportutiicy of fending. our fick on fliore, .ineo ehe tencs, which fome of our men bad foori prepared for their recepeion. On chc ad of Odober, we failed from Tinian, freer-' ing our courfe for Batavia ; where we arrived ehe 2 8eh of November. After refiecing the Dttlpbin, and taking in 3L fufficient ftock of provifions, \Xrood, water, &c^ we failed, in company with our confort the Tamer, on the 9th of December, for the'Cape of Good Hope; a% which place we arrived the Hth of February 1766: On the 3d of March we kft the Cape, fteering dirca- ly homewards, and ori the 9th of May arrived iafe iri. the Downs; having loft only fix men during the whole voyage : The Tamsr loft the fame number of men. ¦AJ>VAN* A D V A NT A G E S From the forming of C O jL O N I E S INTHE TERRA AUSTRALIS. B 0"0 K V. 1m. ' 0 pf.the method of forming colonks in the TERRA A U- STJIALIS, and the AUyantages that may be expected to refult to Great Britain frgpi fuch Eflablilhments in thaf Hemifphere. WE haye now prefented to our readers vjew, all the navigations chat haye been rnade in che courfe of ewo cencuries and a half, co difco ver the fouthern continent, and the adjacent ifjands i and we imagine, chat che maeerials we have here coIt Icfted, are nearly feifficienc Co give us a general notion of the pofition of the cpafts, the climace, and afpedt of che country, and the natilrc of that immenfe q- cean which waives its fhpr^s, Ic is now cime co conr fider, by whac mcchods ch^fe difeoveries, chieherco vacTue and pareial, may be rendered more regular and umform, and in whac manner wc may beft expedt to open a cqmmunicaeion wich che ineeripr pares of chefe extenfive cpuncries, pr forip cftabliflin-enes ypon cheir ¦ "¦ 4X2 coafts, yiS Advantages from forming Colonies coafts. The, journals we have perufed, may help'u? to judge, and feledl a proper place for fixing a colony, according co chc particular views that may be formed, or the advantages expefted by fuch a meafure. But to whatever part of thefe tlirec great feas, our views may be diredted, it is abfolutely neceflTary to deliberate ma turely before wc fix the objetS:, as well as to profecute with conftancy and refolution the plan that may be adopted, wichouc being dec^rfcd by difficulcie^, always unadvoidable in undercakings of this fort; and' not to abandon the defign, till by a proper trial we fully fucceed, or are madc'fure of the impracticability of , the meafure. We have already obferved (Bpok I.), chac ehe great fouehern concinenc may be commodioufly divided into chree pares, eo which we have given che names of Magellanica, Polynefia, ahd Auftralafia, wich refpedl cq ics fouehern pofieion co ehc coneinenes of America, Afta, ^.nd Africa, and chac of .chc. three feas, the Indian, At lantic, and Pacific. For examining ehe propercies of thefe ehree pares of che fouehern hemifphere, we fhall find (as far as we can judge from the accounts wc have been examining hiehereo), ehac che lands in Magellani ca lie moft open eo ehe general roues of our fliipping; thac che goodnefs of the cfimates, and manners pf the ^people in Polynefta, render che fixing of colonies here no difficulc maecer, noewichftanding ies greae diftance ; and ehat in Auftralafta, the commerce bids fair coflou- ' rifh; nor wiU eftablifliments here be attended with the fame charge, as in che other^ divifib'n among ehe iflands. ' Of all ehe pares of the Auftral world, the track of land and feathacis incefcep'ted betwixc the .eaft enery of the Scraies of Magellan, and che Cape of Good Hope, is GorifeflTcdly che leaft know'n. The lands lying 50 or 60 leagues from Che continenC of America hereabouts, have been often feen, but rarely vi'fited. Generally fpeaking; the fhips have held their cpurfe through an open fea; a -proof fufficient, thac thefe lands are of in- the Terra A er s t r a l i s. 717 no great excene. In fpite of chis, chere feems Co be fome reafon for chinking;, chac chere is a large crack of \ land lying more Co ehe eaft. Perhaps ehe lands feen by Bouvet, and ehac mencioned by Gonneville, may be pare of ic. No body, as far as we know, has exami ned chis crack, excepeing Vefputio, Halley, and Bou- 'vst. The firft and laft faw indeed land chereaboucs, bue chey did noc go aflipre, while Mr. Halley's voyage was only made in ehe norch fea ; and for chis reafon, we have noc given his journal a place in ehis colkdtion, as noc being immediaeely connedted wich our fubjedt: le may, however, be proper eo fay fomeehing of ie here, The defign of his voyage, was Co obferve ehe decli nacion of ehe needle, and, if polFible, Co eftablifli a cheory in chis imporcane poinc eb navigaeion. For ehis purpofe he made, during ehe year 1700, a long circuic in che norchern ocean, leaving Rio Janeiro, and fha- ping a foutherly courfe. In this run, being in lati tude 52 degrees, lorigitude 347 degrees from the ifle of Ferro, he met -with ice in a part of che ocean hicherto unvificed by any other navigaeor.' Ic fies fur ther wefl chan -where Vefputio faw whac he calls ehe Southern Continent, and co the S. S. W. of che Terra del Vifto, feen by Bouvet. Ic feems very probable, chac land lies noc far from thefe iflands of ice feen by Hal ley, who from hence turned back towards the line ; made fome further obfervations ae St. Helena, whence he recurned CO Fernambuco in Braftl. All we fliall fay bf Mr. Halley's obfervations is, chae he found four ] poines in ehe north fea, where che needle fliowed no -variaeions ; and having determined chcfe, he chought chey mighc be comprehended under a line, fuppofed CO go round /Our globe, on tlie one fide , of which ehc 'oriental variacion would be found, and the occidental on che oppofite'. Hence he deduces a general fyftem of variacion, by w'nich he propofes to determine rhe gra- dacions on boch fides of ehe fuppofed fixed line, and ehence, according eo him, chis- difference of eastern or weftern variacion, wii; h?lp ehe navigator to afcer tain the place of his fliip. Nothing can be mofc in genious 71 8 Advantages from fofming Cohnies |:enious than chis fyftem, and few more ufeful, provi- . ded repeaced pbfervacions and cxperimepcs confirm chc general pofieion on which ic refts. It is true, Halley has gi^cn many experiraents, which feem to agree wich his cheory,; while chofe made by other q^achemackian^ cbntradidt ie *. As for Vefputio, he tells us, chat al| the coaft he faw hereabouts was free, and open, without ports or Inliabitaritsi It is impqAible he could have caken che Urge pieces of ice for land, nor docs he mencion that he faw any jce ; a circijmflance fo cxcraordinary, that be would noc have omitted to mention ic, eyen in che very fuccindt narracive he gives of his vogfge, efpcr , ^ially as he calks much of che exceflive pold, and thick fogs he found jn chcfe feas. Hence Bouvet might have known, ehac che lands feen by. him were indeed lands, and noc a frozen oceaq, as ]\e feems cp think chem, noc co mencion whac we have endeayour-r ed CO prove in our fiirft book, that thofe iflands pf ice generally feem co indicate land as not lying far pflT. Be jhis ie niay, icis a doubc well worth the clearing up, 3nd this can be done ae a very trifling expence, as our i^dia fliips ^re commonly wichin cen or twelve degrees of ehis latitude, when t|ifiy dowble the Ct^pe in i^helr -way to the Eaft- Indies. Without repeating what we elfewhere faid, that the land may be approached here, by chufing the feafon proper fog this navigation, , ehe . fame mocivcs that de termined ehe French co fend Bouvet here in 1739, ftill fubfift, and ehe fame ucilicy will be reaped frop th^ difcovery. We can fay noching of che produdls of a, country ehac has never been explored, J^Pf^ probably, die foil, in ehis vigouroys climace, is bfrren- Bwt a foil' m>y be barren, and yet malje' proper returns in commerce. Thus, in as fevere climaecs lying norch-. ward, wc find an advancageous crafKp carried on by cur Hudfon-Bay Company. Ic may alfo be doubted, if • Vide PJjilof. Tranfecl. Chart pf thft variations of the Needles, Memoirs of the Aciid, of Sci^inces, anno i"7 IS. m k the TzK-Bi A A U STR Ail S.- any inhabieancs are to be found in thofe legibns: btft we have litcle reafon to think thefe lands uninhabieed, when we recoUedt, chac people are found in Nova Zem- hla, Greenland, and even in che boecom of Baffin's bay. The journals we have here colkdted prove, ehac fava ges have been found as near co ehc foueh pole, as wc have yec found land ; and perhaps ehey arc found evert under ehe polar circle, co which lacicude Drake feems to have penctraced. Many are che proofs that chofe regions, formerly deemed uninhabieable, boeh by che ancient and mo derns, are really peopled more or lefs ; and chac nacure has framed che conftitucions of ehc inhabieafiCs, and alfb of the planes of chefe lands, in exadt analogy Co- the temperature of the climate where fhe has placed them. Thus we fee the Pdtagoniam of the Terra del Fuego going naked in the middle of wincer, where even the cold in fummer is aimoft irtColerablc co ftrangers. Our anceftors the Pi£is arc faid Co have wandered aimoft naked through the marfhes and foreiis of Caledonia, chc climace of which was cercainly more rigorous ac chac tirtie than now, that the councry is cleared and culei vaeed. The human frame, by cuftom, comes eo be able CO fupporc exeremes of climace hardly credible : Nay, ic may be generally allowed, chac animals fup porc thefe better than vegetables, and that, of all ani mals, man fuffers leaft by them. But, on the other hand, if the coafts, we have been fpeaking of, poflTcfs the advantage of lying at no great diftance from the ordinary courfe of our trading fliips, yet other difadvantages may render this difco very of little value. It is certain, that the approach to them is difficult, and can be made only at one fea fon of the year. Perhaps it may be found (fuppofing thefe countries fully furveyed) impoflible to fix fettled abodes here ; and hence they would be found ufelefs, .as an intermediate ftation for traffic. Let us therefore confider, whether it would be more proper co turn our thoughts on fome region nearer to the Straights of Ma- ¦ " ' sellan-. 719 720 Advantages from forming Colonies gelfan; fu.ch as che Ma/ffzc/w ifles, or chac called Pepys illand. ,,, > \ Theformer are moft probably thofe • difcovered firli. by Sir Richard Hawkins. He talks favourably of them,. and his accounc is confirnied by thac of Roggewein^ who fays they were 290 leagues in circuic, Pepys ifle has che advaneage of a milder climaCc ; a- bourtds wich wood, waccr, and fifh, befides a rioble. Haven, where a choufand fail may ride cogecher. Be fides chefe cwo places, wc find oeher couneries feen by Nodal, Linderman, La Roche, and ochers, of which,, ¦we yec know noching ; buc, upon examiriacion, may be found ftill more commodious for che purpofe of fix ing a.colony, intencjed cofacilieacc Che communicaeion ¦wich"ehe South Sea. To chis, cill our views fhould be, direfted, long experience fhows, us, ever fince Drake fhowed che v/ay, chae icis here, and here only, we can e'fFedtually diftrefs a nacion, wieh whom ehe proximicy of oiir fecckmencs in America muft give rife co many quarrels. Wc need fcarcely obferve again, chaC che difcovery of chefe regions would be ^eeended 'with no greae expence ; and our moft experc geographers and mariners agree, ehac any nacion poffeffed of a naval fprce, and mafter of a poft fo far, advanced Co che fouch, would have che abfolute doipinion of the two feas in time of war. We mey refer our readers, on this head, to Lord .^k/sm's judicious remarks, on t'ne fouth ern climes. The couritries lying near the, Straights of. Magellan are better known, and this canton, of the fouehern world has been oftner, and more exadtly vifited, thjin any other hereabouts., The rigour of the climate, the, ftrength and ferocity pf ics barbarous inhabieants,, has. difcouraged our navigacors from periceraeing far ineo ehe inland; and yec chey allagree, ehac even, among ehe horrid mountains ehae fill ehis. wilderncfs, chey have feen many fppcs cloched wieh verdure, abounding ^ in trees, and waeered by, feveral fi,nc rivers : Th,ae provi- . fions, fuch as game, fiih, fruics, and herbage, , arc noc , ' * ^ ' fcarce,. in the Terra AersTRALis. 72 j fcaTce : Thac a fpecies qf che fpicc-Cree is found here, and alfo currancs, goofeberries, and celery : Thac ehe grain and poc-herbs fowed here came up very" well. Nay, we may ftippofe, chae ehe colony of Spaniards feecled on ehe beft pare of che Serai ghe by Sarmiento, mighc have fubfifted, had ic noc been for feveral crofs circumftances ehae accended*chis accc'mpc; and Che'eo- tal neglect of che courc of Spain, who abandoned chis feeekment eneirely, perhaps from a difguft occafloned by che unfajchful repores made by ehe projedtor of ehe eftablifhmenc, Thefe caufes, in all probabiliey, concri- bueed more co ehe deftruclion of ehe colony, chan any harm ehey fuffered from ehe nacives; as Sir John Nar horough defcribes the people hereaboucs j-acher kfs far vage elian elfewhere. Even dn ehe defare cpafts of Pa togonia, a colony mighc fubfift on che huncing and fifhing chey afford ; and if eheneftablifhmene was nurfed a few years iri ehe beginning, ie mighc foon ftand on ies own legs. The air is confelfedly wholfome, and che foil noe ynfercile; efpecially in pafturage. ," This councry," fays Nar horough, " offers, confiderable advancages cp chofe who " would inhabic ic; as all ehe European fruics grow " well, and cherc is plency of pafture for caeck." It feems cp wane noching fo much as wood for building. Even ehe Terra del Fuego, noewichftanding of che dif mal profpedt ies rocky coafts offer eo ehe mariner, con tains many l^ne valleys, well wooded and waeered, and crood pores. Here Nodal found one eribe or nacion of Indians, cradtabk enough ; in which chey differed much from cheir neighbours, who have generally fhunned all commerce wieh Europeans. The commodicies of Magellanica, moft proper for commerce, feem eo be deer and fea-lions fkins, fome of v/hich are chircy- fix feet long; fpflils fit for dying, ufed by the nacives, and che wool of the Vi'cunnas, Guanacos, and Llamas. The wool of the Guanaco in pareicular is fo fine, chae ic is prefet-red Co filk. The hair of ihe fea-calf is fuperior co beaver. The Indians " Vol. ul; 4 Y here 722 Advantages from forming Colonies, here, have a fpecies of furs pf c-hc fkins of fea-fowl, which ehey fow cogecher, after caking off the ftrong feathers, .and leaving only the fin.e dovvn. All thefe . cort^modities.niay be had qf the favages for irpn and bics of giafs, and efpccjally for red cloth, a colour, thpfe* pepple, are fo fond pf,\fehae ehey always endeavour to feize eny thing chac is red, and fonfietitnes they have. even corn the cpcks-corife;§ off, feeing them red. The,, aromatic tree we have often mentioned as cpminpn in the Seraighc, produces a whiee hoc fpecies of pepper. Its ba^k is reckpned ^n excellent fpicery, of which, great quanticies may be. gathered with eafe, and the, Spaniards fold it in Europe for i6 reals a-pound. On the defart coaf! to the fouth of Rio de la Plata, axe found' Tjaft droves of horned cattk an^ wild horfes', bred from t)ie beafts imported frprn Spain. Thefe pafture down' tovyards the Str.ajghc, and multiply every day, chough the Indians daily' kill greac numbers pf chem, and eheir, flefli is faid CO be as gPpd as ehae pf buUpcks, ' ^ ' yaft nqnibcrs pf qftriphes arcfbn^d along chp coafts pf Patagonia, aqd pearl-pyftcrs in ihc Scraighcs. The pftrich-feaehers are" muph valued by ehe hacives, and they even, ufe chern as money in cheir barc^rs'. Though' tJie pearls .^re neieher very large, nprofagciod waeer,' yec chis is compenfaccd, in fpnic mcafui^e by cheir pwpibers, i^hd chp facility wich which .chey are gaehcr ed. -Thie fhells, both of the oyfters, and oeher fhcH- ¦fifh, arc ehe largeft and mpft be-auciful in che know'n ;vi?orld. ¦ Muffels are, found here cwo feec long, befideS ocher large ,fhcl\s, ,-which ate found pecrified on ehe' mouncairil 'Thefe naCurdl' prpdudtions, form a valu- jable, article .gf ^Etirqpean comiperce, ever fince perfons, of curipficy begari co fprm cabipec's of nacura^ curior ficies; ^nd frorp ;Chis cpaft, (pfpeciafly that part of ic which -Ifioxdf^xs oti: Ch.ijil, thcy.nrfay be pkncifully fup plied. Ac prefenc ehey are ufed. by chc Indians only ^s liqie, chpugh nl.ariy pf^ejiefn, by cheir beaucy, and di- .Ycrfuy pf coloiirin^g, wtiilld fecch a greqt price jn £»- xope.' Ne\y difeoveries form neW wants to .fnankind : and in ihe T E s. Vi A A V s T K A L I s. 723 and often a fpecies of natural produdtion, feemingly of very finall value, has been the fortunate occafioh of immenfe gains to many : A ftrong: inftance of this oc curs in the tobacco trade. Wc may alfo conjedture, that the fifhing for whales andfea-cows on the Magellanic coafcs, where vaft num bers of thefe are found, would open a beneficial com- fncrce. We all know the prodigious demand there is for whale-oil. At prefent, this fifhing is only carried on in the northern feas, and is fo lucrative, that the Dutch have always endeavoured to keep it entirely to ¦themfelves, in fpice of ehc fatigue and danger it is ac- tended wich. The whale is noe eafily killed, and often the nftiers boaCs are overfec by chem, and fomecime's boeh fhips and crews are loft among ehe ice. When killed, the meehod ufed by che Dutch qf drawing off the oil on chefe norchern coafts is exceedingly crouble- fome, if done afliore: and, if ort board, by che micans of furnaces, much rpom in che fhip muft be allotced for holding wood ; Yec ftill chis fifhing is found fb proficable,. chac che Dutch employ annually near 300 fail in ie. "Why che crials hiehereo ,madc by the Britijh fubjeiEts,- have not anfwered eheir expedtaeion, we are a lofs Co fay. Perhaps were our people co cry this fifliing in the Straights of Magellan, the execution would be found more eafy, the dangers lefs, and the profits more confiderable. Ic is generally faid, chat the whales eo ehc fouch are larger chan chofe in che norch fea, and in much greater numbers. It is however crue that Dampier fays, chae hc found the whales near che line, niuch' fmaller chan in che fouehern ocean. Le Maire- afferts, that he found 200 whales here, for one feen in the norch fea. May noc chis happen from cheir being fefs difturbed here chan cowards chc ochcr pole ? Be ehis as it may, chere are ftill other fifhings on the .Magellanic coafts, which wbuld furely be proficable, though noe accended wich che fame rifle and expence as Chc whale fifliery. Such is chac of che fea lion, an animal that yields a vaft quantity of oil, and is very ea- 4^2 fily yi4 Anivantages froin fo'irmtng Cdlonici 'fily killed afliore by che ftroke of a club. Though much lefs oil is excradted from one of thefe, than froin che whale, yet cheir vaft numbers abuncjaiicly fupply this defect : and even at Spitzbe-rgen, Martins affures us, ehae ic is common to load fhips wich eheir oil, when the whak-fiflie'ry is noc abundane. In che foutherrt hemifphere, thofe animals- are not only more nume- 1-ous, but much bigger, than in the north. Selkirk, who lived four years alone on the ifland of Juan Fernandez', fays,, he faw one twenty feet long, which weighed , 4000 lib. *i Captains Rogers, Beauchefne, and others, Cell lis, ehey drew vaft quantities of oil from chem. This is much cafier performed in the 'Magellannie Sraights chan in ehe nbrch, where Wood is noC co be had; and eherefore ehey now, bring home ehe wha.le blubber in cafks. Add co ehis, chac as ehe cold in the Scraighcs is noc nearly fo violenc as ac Spitzbergen, fo this operaeiori muft be proporcioriably cafier, and che fifliers mighc even pafs ehe, wincer here, which at Spitz bergen is irilpoflibk.' The Dutch cried che experiment twice, buc ehe men chey left on chac defare xoaft pe- iriflied. We only here mencioft chefe facts gleaned from che ¦ difi'erene journals, in order co evince, thac chis x:ounCfy hithereo'reckbned ehe moft barren and unprofieabkin the univerfe, has yec ics arcicles- of commerce. Th6 all-wife Auchor of ehc cfeaeion has made noching ufelefs, nothing in vain; even the dreary coafts of Spitzbergen and Hudfori's bay make proficable recurns co the mer chane. We only indicaee Chefe objcdts in a curfory nranner, leaving ie to the judgement of ehe real mer chant CO deeerminc, how far che recurns expedted may be able eo defray the charges of the voyage. " If ; e-t^er a feeelemenc is founded, eicher in Patago^nia, or on the Seraiglits about Phillipviik, where Sarmientt fetcled his colbny,' ic would be eafy eo ppen from ehence a comfiiunic-aeion with\C/&if/( over land, che richeft and tnoft fefiile coxmcry in Soutt America. Knivet fays, chat even in che i-6eh cencury, the Spaniards had chis in view. tn the Terra Aus.-i- ra'l iSi fl^ X'lew, Noching indeed is more eafy, fince we fee chat 'people pafs from ehe Brafils by land Co Chili and Peirit, -where che concinenc is broader. Pizarro niade the journey cwice from Buenbs Ayres to Chili ; and ari In^ ¦dian meffenger, fenc Co him, performed ic in chirceen days, nocwithftanding the difficulty of pafling the .^«- 'des. Roderigo de I' Ifle cravcrfed Patagonia aimoft en - tirely, and would have finifhed his rouee,. if his com pany had noc loft courage, and ftopped, when chey Were goc near Co Chili. Ic is very crue, ehac fuch a rouee would be lefs beneficial co commerce, which is gene rally carried On cheaper by fea; bue ftill geography would be improved ; an objedt of the higheft imporc ance eo all mankind. The afcereaining che form of ehe inhabieancs of chis 'antardtic region, would be a confiderable addieion co our ftock of nacural knowledge, and decide a very cu rious problem refpcdtingche human fpecies. If che Pa tagonians are found eo be of ehe fize of che inhabieants of Lapland, chis would prove chac climace alone fixes the ftacure of mankind, as wc cannot fuppofe any migration from one pole Co che oeher. It muft be own- «d, that ehe accounts given by fome navigacors, of che giganeic ftacure of ehe Patagonians, gives us no i- dea of any fuch conformiey of figure. Neieher do o- thcr relaeions acid any weighe co fuch a hypoehcfis ; as -though ehey coneradidt the oehers, affcrting che enor mous fize of chis people, yec reprefenc chem as of che -common ftature. Irideed Knivet is ehe orily wricer who -reprefencs chem as no caller chan che Laplanders, allow ing chem no more chan fiveorfixfpans of heighe. Bru nette fays, chac on che Terra del Fuego, he found chem well made, robuft, whiee, \\ke the Europeans, and not tawny- asthe Laplanders are, le is crue, chat Lapland •lies nearer to the Jiorch, than Patagonia eo the fouth pole. The total contradidtion we find in the accounts of the fize of this nation, afferted by eye-witneffes, and in a maecer in whieh we fhould think ie impoffible co be deceived yz6 Aduaxtdgfs-from forimAg Ccdoniei deceived, is- erijly amazing. We have already feen, from the fore^fng journals, chat,- for an hundred years together, all the writers of every nation agreed in at- tciiing the exiftence of chefe giahcs; and chat during the next cerietiry,- all che navigators concur in disny- irig chis fa^i arid creating the ac-councs of their predc- Ceflbirsias a mere chimeraj fou-ndcd on the terror infpi- red by che appearance of chefe favages, or che inclinar tion chae travellers genefafly difcover for the rtiarvel- lous. Ic is noc eo be denied, chaic boch chefe caufes ftiay adt po\Vcrfully on the mind of man. Jbec us exa mine, however, if all chofe who affirm chc fadt^ con- verfed with chefe Savages when under che infliiciicc of fear, or howjr ic comes, chac European's of different na tions, who had no opportunity of knowing what was feen by others, notwithftanding; agree in afferting a falfebpod-i We fhall riot ftop here to review che ancferit cradi- tions found boeh in America and in chc old world, chat fxarrtierlK there cxifted upon chis earth a race of giants^ faiaions^for the violenCB,- they exercifed, and-- the crimes fchey committed. This uriivcrfal cradicion (for uni^ferr fal ic is,) may be founded' pn the hiftory of 0of^ where he ereaes of che an.fediluvian giants. " I was told, (fays Rarbinais,) chaC during a deluge ^\ which covered Peru,' che. /«i!^««j retired co ehe high- " eft mouneains, co waic che abacemenc of ehc' floodw '"When they defcended afterwards co che plains, chey " fiaund chem occupied by a giganeic race, who made " cruclwar on chem, and obliged che furvivursco leek " an afylum in che caves of ehc riiouncains. Having " cortcinued feme years lurking in chefe retreats, they ". ae laft faw a yburtg rrian appear from ehe clouds-, " who deftroyed che giancs by chunder and lighcning. "After cheir total exeirpaeion, che /«i^/had ofccrifeen men of equal ftacure near ehe Scraits of Magellan." Sebald de, Wert affirms,' that he found in the Straits giants, who tore up trees of a fpan diamer; and 0-iiver de Noordt, though he does not caiU them giants, yet talks of thcirt as being remarkably tall, and fay's, that he took fix'of them prifoners, one of whom told him afterwards, that the country -was inhabited by different nations or tribes, four of which were of the ordinary ftature ; but that iri the interiour part of the councry in a territory called Coin, there was a race of giants called by them Tire- menen, who often made vvar on cheoeher tribes. Spil berg fays, he faw on the Terra del Fuego a man of great ftature; but the tombs' he found there appeared not to^ exceed the comriion fize. Aris Cla^g, Cornmiffary on board Le Maire's fleet, who appears to have been a fenfibfe and judicious man, declares, that, having vifit ed the fepukh res on the co&ik of Patagonia, hc found the bones mtfft have Ipelonged to men who were ten, or eleven feet high. Here we have an ^xaminacioh made at full leifure, and during which, fear could have no fharie in augmenting ehe objedts. Ochers,' luch as Nodal and Hawkins, fpeak of chefe Savages, as being caller by che head chan ehe Europeans, and fay, chac the I'eameii called ehem giancs. All thefe accouncs are of an old dace: Bue noe to mencion' the very late accounts we have of the people feen by 'Commodore i?;/?'^^, Frezier tells us, that, ih the year 1704, the Captains Harrington and Carman, command ing two veflels from St.' Malo'*, law, at one time, fe ven of thefe giants in Poffeffion Bay-; at ariother time, fix; and laftly, they met with a large -company of Sa vages, confifting of above 200, fome of whom were very tall, and the reft 'bf the ordinary ftature. .They added, 'that they had an amicable correfpondence wich them, hor did thefe Indians offer them any; infult. Frezier indeed, never faw any of thefe giants, but * The Author of the Voyages aurTerr. Auftr. Vol. II. p. 339. ,feys, -he had this account from freaier himfelf, , fays. in the Terra Australis. 731 faysv that wh'en he was in Chili, Pedro Molina, Go vernour of the ifland Chiloe, and many other eye-wit neffes, had affured him, that far in the inland was- ¦ found a nation of Savages, calkd by their neigtibours Caucohues, who fometimes came down to where the Spaniards have their habicacions, and were, in general, iiine or cen feec high, and chefe, fays he, are ehe Pa- tagonians mencioned in che old journals. Ravenau de Lujfan cells us, chae the Spaniards on ehe coafts of ehe Soueh Sea, have for enemies a race of whiee Indians, who poffefs a pare of Chili, very call and ftrong. They are ae conftant war with the Spaniards, and when chey make a prifoner, they tear off his breaft- bone, as one would the fhell ofa tortoife, and take out his heart *. .Yet Six John Narborough, aC the fame time that he takes noeice of chele Indians of Chili, who are conftanc- ly at war, with chc Spaniards, formally denies that they are of a gigantic ftacure; and his teftimony is ftrength- ened by thac of ehe 'Spanifh writers themfelves, who, in their long accocints of the conqueft of Chili, and the frequent revolts of the inhabitants, never mention their excraordinary ftature, though they deferibe them as ftrong, and remarkably nimble and adtive. Narba- tough fays, that he has often meafured the fkulls, and the tracks of the Savages in the Scraies of Magellan, wichoue finding them bigger chan thofe of ocher peo ple, and ChaC chofe of chem he mec wich ac Pore St. Julian, chough well made, did noc exceed ehe com mon ftature of mankind. We have noc che kaft reafon to doubc che crueh of his relation, no more chan ehat of L'Hermite, who found che inhabitants of the Terra del Fuego, ftrong and hardy, but not beyond the com mon fize, and De Gennes affirms, that none of the Sa- vao-es he i'aw at Pore Famine, were fix feec high. Thus we have endeavoured eo lay before che reader all ehe accouncs we have on ehis curious fubjedt, as well on the affirmative, as on the negative fide of the * Vide Account of the Buccanneers, anno i68j. 4 Z 2 queftion. '"^2 Advantages from forming Colonies quelTiion, and muft now leave him to judge for" him felf, afcer adding a few refledtions, which feem natil- rally to arife from che fubjedt. In che firft place, ie appears ce.reain from OUver de Noordt, ehac, two cencuries ago, ehe inhabieants of thofe dei'art-coafts continued their habitual refidence .on both fides of the Strar/s, till, being feared by Eu ropean veffels they retreated into the inner parts of the douncry. Thefe men, as far ¦as we can karn, were, of che ordinary fize, and, far the reafon before given, they were feldom feen, though their tracks were often perceived. Anfo-ri thinks, that they generally inhabit the Cordilleras on the weftern fide, and come to the eaft tide only at certain intervals; and hence the caufe, why, for the laft century, they have been feldom feen to the eaftward. This is the more probable, if we re fledt that, of late, they have been generally foand in large companies. ;. ¦ 'We have before obferved, that it would have been eafy for chofe na-vigators, who had got fome of die P*?- -tagonianson board, eo have broughe home cheflcekcons- of fome of chofe, who died ac fea, on cheir coming in- - CO ehe warm lacicudes. Shall we fuppofe, chae this was prevented by the idle fuperftition of the common- failors; who fancy, that the compafs will not trayerfe, while tliere is a corpfe on board,.? - The paffages o,pened by Magellan and Le I^aire, have greatly facilitaeed ehe imporcane commerce of che South Sea ; and the latter being found much the eafieft route, has rendered the former vifekfs. But perhaps ic were becter not eo go by any of chefe paffa ges ; and che, moft experienced feamen are now of opinion, that ehe fafeft meehod is, eo hold quice Co thefouth, and fo double all the lands, w'rthout ap proaching any coaft, after the example- of Feuillee, Browers, Shifrp, Beauchene, and others. By this courfr, thfy would generally have .fmoother water, and avoid the great difficulties that ateend doubfing Cape Horn by i.n eaft courfe, while it is eafy to get round this ' point. in the T£rra AusTRAtiSv , 733 point, in coming from the weft. Mr. Anfon has fup- ported this opinion by the moft cogent reafons, and has very well explained ho\v the greateft maffes of air and water, that are colkdted in the Pacific Ocean, be ing driven by the weft wind, and finding an obftacle in their courfe from the fouthern point of America, are thereby forced round that point of land ; and hence the violent ftorms, and heavy feas, found off Cape Horn. Neither do we gain any thing by paffing thro' the Straits of Le Maire, fince the currents generally carry fhips to the fouth-eaft of Staten-Land. But in ehe ochcr courfe, all is open ; for we know of no land, beyond Staten-Land, near ic, eicher co Che foueh or eaft ; and che Scraies called Brewer's, and chofe of La Roche, are generally fuppofed fidtieious. If any navi gaeor chufes eo go by Le Maire's Scraic, hc will do weil Co obferve ehe diredtions of Frezier, and Co obferve che courfe of ehe rapid cides here, which fomecimes fee vi olenely CO ehe weft, and fomecimes co ehe eaft. Thefe differene mocions may be fuppofed co have ftaced pe riods, which may be eafily afeercained by careful ob- fervacions, and ehe navigaeion ehereby greaely facilicat- ed, which, by fome feamen has been found very dan gerous. Wieh regard co ehe paffage of Magellan, it was cer tainly righc CO abandon ie, efpecially in going cowards the Souch Sea, chough in returning, ic may be ufed wich greacer fafecy, on accounc of che winds ac weft and norch-weft being generally favourable, and alio che cides ; and ie would appear, that the beft time for making thac paffage, is from chc fummcr-folfticc, to the folio .ving equinox. Ie has been affereed by many able navigacors, that ie is a beccer rouee by Cape Horn from Europe, to che iflands of che Eaft-Indies, chan by ehe Cape of Good Hope ; and ehac the voyage will be made in lefs cime this way, chan by the other, though the courfe is longer. In fadt,. after doubling Cape Horn, the navi- o-ation is fpeedy in the South Sea, where chc winds al ways 734 Advantages' frm forming Coloniis ^ ways blow from the foueh-eaft ; whereas, in che other courfe, we are forced to run into diftant latitudes, in brder tp find the trade-winds, befides the lofs of time itt waiting fijr the monfoons. In fadt, after the reciilrri of Garcia de Nodal, che examine the -weft coaft of che ifland, which neieher pmpier nor Roggewein approached, co ery co find chere . fome goqd pore, near co New Guiv^a, wichoue going round the ifland to fee|c the bay 5;. George, or port -MintifgHe defcribed by our navigator. It will be no diffi- ciilt matter tp maintain ourfelves here amid lavages who ar? igtiorant of the ufe of fire-arms, and who may jiefopn reconciled to che fweecs of commerce. Ic muft be yery.obYious, chaC ic is as eafy for us co feccle iV^fie; Bri tain from Madrafs, as co thei' Freach\ from Pondicberry ; as as much provifions of all kinds can be fene -wieh clie firft 'fliips, as tnay enable ehe colony eo fubfift even without the afliftance of che nacives, cill chey can be a- gain relieved from ehe concinenc. One of che chrec (hips may be fenc back for afliftance from Madrafs, the fecond may be employed in perfedting che difcove ry of the ifland iefelf, and chofe of the neighbourhood, and eftablifliing a crade wieh the differene tribes of fa- yages who inhabic them, while the third veflal may re- maimeo guard the colony, and be a recreae to chem, Ihould any unforefeen misforeune oblige chem co abaiv don the ifland. It is Dcediefs Co obferve, that the conductor of this enterprize rtjoft be a perfon of equal prudence and for- titu4,e. He muft not be ftridtly tied down to forniM inftrudtions, but much muft be left to his own decer- caination, after he is on the fpot. In fhort, here we ^ould adopt the maxim, Ad:itte Sapientem, a nihil iicas, /' ,' tTom. 3. p.'jSc.etfect, ¦ ":"-• ¦ -" ¦¦¦ Thjs J!44 Advantages from forming Colonies The jD»/f/& cuftom pf promifing addieional rewards, befides pay, CO eheir failors fene oue to make difeove ries, is certainly founded on reafort, and flibuld be a- dopced by us on che like oipcafions. ' ¦ All fores of areificers Ihould be fenc to aid chis new colony, fuch as carpencers, fmiths, weavers, and che' like. Their Work 'is noC only abfolucely requifice to che colonifts, bue would be very ufeful Co gain the efteem' of the nadves, by the helps they could afford them in jsrocuring many neceffaries and cortvertieficics of life utterly unknown to thefe favages, to gain whpfe e- fteem and conficlence, n.o pains fliould be fpared. THe Spaniards by a condudl intirely oppofite Co chis, have rendered large couneries ufelefs CO chemfelycs, and Co their wrecched inhabicants', who mighc, by good ufage, have greaely augmeneed chcir pp-wer iri both the Indies. We muft here refer our readers eo ehe fenfible remarks made by Dampierand Roggewein on chis fubjedt, men, who, having fpenc their li->e.s in' creaeing wieh diflerent favages, may furely bepcefumed eo be' well acqiiainced wich this, fubjedl. If chere is any poinc on which che mind of man is niore tenacious than artdt.her, it is that of religion. Hence wc fhould be careful not tofhock the Indians oti this fubjedl at firft. Time,- gcquaincance,- and fair reafoning, will do more eo reclaim Chem from cheir er rours (efpecially if chefe are ateended with a good ex ample, and fair deaUrig) chan any oeher naeans whac ever, " •¦ ^ Above all chings, the popularion in a new colony fhould, be encouraged by every prudene meehod, as che foundation of every hope of fuccefs. This impor tant areick,fo effencial to ehc wrelfarc of every ftace, is, unforcunaeely, much negkdted in every kingdom of Europe^ We endeavour, by eyery meehod, to multiply chofe, produdlioris which are ufeful eo mankind, while we negledt ehc means pf mukiplying ehe human race chac fliould ufe ehem. ¦ ., I'he learned French auchor, wc haye fo often cifed, in /»/i&? Terra Australis." 745 inthe courfe pfthis work, obferves, chat in new difco vered lands, ic is beccer co impofe names, expreflive of the qualiey or afpedt of chefe lands chan Co follow che puerile devotion of ehe Spaniards, who generally give thofe of Saincs co che places ehey firft vific. He alfo thinks (in which we perfedlly agree wich him) chat it were better to follow the ancient method of reckoning tielongitudes from the meridian of Ferro, than from that of Paris or London, becaufe rival naeions will not adopt any ufage ehae feems co give a prc-emincrtce, however crifling eo ehc oeher. Hcrtce che ancicnc way of reckoning from che ifland Ferro, feems cafieft, and lefs liable eo inconveniencies, chan any oeher, as ic re- qiiires no cakule eo adjuft ic Co che way of reckoning ufed by ehe feveral naeions of Europe, Learned geographers and able navigacors will eafily add many ufeful remarks Co che loofe hines I have here put together, which fo far from exhaufting chis impor tant fubjeft, I would call only an imperfedl cable of contents; though perhaps many will imagine coo much is already faid upon chis maecer, which chey wifl, (it may be) deem an idle and chimerical projedl. Lee fuch iefleL% ehae ehey will hardly be able co fay fo much a- gaiflft it, as was urged againft the noble attempt of Colmhus in the end of the fifteenth century. For my part, I fliaU never reckon my time mifpcnt in offering mythoughts upon a fubjedl fo ufeful to mankind in ge neral; fo conducive to the glory of my fovereign, and tbe profperity of my native country. Mteririt turn Typhis, et altera qua vehat Argo meHosheroas^-' — r— "Virg. Craigforth, near Stirling, Feb. 25, 1768. End of the- Third and Laft 'Volume.