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CHRONOLOGY

NORTH CAROLINA

SHOWINa WHEN THE MOST EEMAKKABLE EVENTS CONNECTED WITH HEK
HISTOEY TOOK PLACE, FEOM THE YEA8rT584 TO THE PRESENT TIME,
WITH EXPLANATOET NOTES.

BY D. K. BENNETT.

" Time flies, and from his gloomy wings
A shadow falls on Uving things."

NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY JAMES M.EDNEY.
1858.

Entebkd, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by
D. K. BENNETT,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of Cape
Fear, in North Carolina.

'c.i?A.\^

W. H. TiNsoN, stflreotyper aud Printer, -"^
Rear of 43 & 46 Centre St., N. Y.

P E E F AC E

The necessity, and even the utility, of a work like
the following, is obvious to every thinking mind. It is a
notorious fact, that of the myriads of books that are
yearly being written and published in every department
of literature, a large majority are sadly deficient in
chronological information, from which cause many of
our modern writers have labored under great and per
plexing inconveniencies, being compelled to gather
from numerous, and too often unauthentic sources that
which might have been easily compressed in a small
volume. The design of the compiler of the following work
was to prepare at least a useful little book of reference,
for those engaged in the study or otherwise interested
in the history of the " Old North State ;" how well he
has succeeded is for the public to judge. From the haste
in which it has been prepared, and some other causes,
it is doubtless very incomplete ; but the compiler will
still continue to gather material, and should another

IV PEEFACB.
edition be tsalled for, it will be his greatest pleasure to
add to it every possible improvement.
And now that, with all its imperfections, it is about to
launch forth upon the uncertain sea of public favor,
the author has this confidence in his fellow-citizens,
that they will study to improve, rather than to condemn
his production.
If however there are any disposed to criticise, they
are respectfully referred to the following lines from
Pope: " Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see,
Thinlis what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be.
In every work regard the writer's end, ¦
Since none can compass more than they intend ;
And if the means be just, the conduct true,
Applause, in spite of trivial faults, ia due." The Author.

CHRONOLOGY

lORTH CAEOLINA,

1584.
Amidas and Baelow sail for America, . . April 2Tth.
" " arrive in E". Carolina, July 4th.
" The North Carolinians are indebted, for the discov
ery and first elfort to colonize their State, to the zeal
and enterprise of Sir "Walter Ealeigh, one of the leading
statesmen, and the most accomplished gentleman of his
day. Endowed with a daring and fertile genius, and
an ambition that looked beyond the intrigues of Euro
pean courts, Ealeigh made himself familiar with the
accounts of navigators and adventurers who had visited
the shores of this Western World ; and to plant a colony
and build up a great State became, with him, a darling
object. To carry out his designs, he obtained from
Queen Elizabeth (March, 158i) a grant for such lands
as he should discover, not in the possession of any
Christian prince or people.
" This grant contained important powers and privi
leges, and provided that no other should take posses-

6 CHEONOLOGY Off NORTH CAEOLINA.
sion of any place within two hundred leagues of settle
ments which he might make within six years. He at
once fitted out two vessels, under the command of
Philip Amidas and Arthur Barlow ; and on the 27th of
April, full of hope, they sailed in search of undiscovered
lands. " Pursuing a southwesterly route, they touched at
the Canary Islands ; and sailing thence northward, they
soon got soundings in a region where the air of early
summer was laden with the aroma of flowers and fra
grant shrubs. These balmy breezes ^came from the
shores of North Carolina ; and after ranging the coast
for one hundred and twenty miles, the adventurers
entered, on the ith of July, 1584, the first haven which
offered, devoutly returned thanks to God for their safe
arrival, and, in the name of the Queen of England, took
possession of the country." — iV. C. Reader.
1603.
Queen Elizabeth died .... Mar. 24th.
1618.
Ealeigh beheaded  Oct. 29th.
"Sir Walter Ealeigh, who was frequently distin
guished by the title of the noble and valorous knight,
and whose works have placed him in an important rank
in the history of English literature, was doomed to pass
the best period of his life in captivity. The reign of
James I. may be praised for its pacific character ; but
as long as the name of Ealeigh shall be remembered,
will that reign be stained with one of the foulest crimes
a monarch could commit.

OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 7
" Almost immediately after the accession of James,
in 1603, Ealeigh was imprisoned on a charge of treason,
tried at Winchester in November of the same year, and
condemned to die. He was, however, reprieved and
confined a close prisoner in the Tower, where he re
mained for upwards of fourteen years. During his
confinement, he devoted a great part of his time to his
studies, and the productions of his pen at this time were
so numerous, that he rather resembled a collegian than
a captive — a student in a library, than a prisoner in the
Tower. His principal work, the History of the World,
was written and published during . his confinement.
He was at length released from the Tower in March,
1615, had the king's commission for a voyage to Guiana,
which he made in 1617, but being unsuccessful, the old
sentence was revived against him on his return home,
and he was sent to the scaffold, to the eternal disgrace
of the pusillanimous monarch, whose conduct in this
affair gained him the indignation of his contemporaries
and of posterity." 1663.
Charter of the State of North Carolina
granted by Charles II. . - . . . Mar. 24th.
First permanent settlement made in the
State in  April.
William Deummond, first Governor of
North Carolina, appointed in . . . September.
1672.
Geoege Fox visits North Carolina.
Mr. Fox was the founder of that respectable sect de
nominated Quakers or Friends.

8 OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1680.
John Jenkins appointed Governor in . June.
1681.
Geoege Fox, founder of the Quakers, died Jan. 13th.
Heney Wilkinson appointed Governor..
1683.
Seth-Sothel appointed Governor.
" The character of Sothel presented every vice that
could degrade man or disgrace his nature. During the
six years that he misruled the people of North Carolina,
the dark shades of his character were not relieved by a
single ray of virtue."
1693.
Philip Ludwell, Governor. 1704.
Tar first made in the State.
Hendeeson Walkek died .... April 14th.
About five miles below Edenton, just a hundred
yards from Albemarle Sound, may be seen beneath the
spreading branches of a large cedar, the grave of Hen
derson Walker. The following is from his tombstone :
" Here lyes y" body of
HENDEESON WALKEE, ESQ.,
President of the Council and Commander-in-Chief of
North Carolina, during whose Administration the pro
vince enjoyed that tranquillity which it is to be wished

OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 9
it may never want. He departed this life 14 April,
1704, aged 44 years."
On the north side of this tomb is the following :
" Lyes y° body of
GEOEGE LILLINGTON,
Son of Major Alexander Lillington, who died in
y° 15 year of his age. Anno, 1706."
On the other side is this inscription :
" Here lyes j" body of
MADAM ANN MOSELY,
Wife of Edward Mosely, Esq.
She was y= daughter of Maj. Alexander Lilling
ton, Esq., and y widow of the Hon. Henderson
Walker, Esq., late President of His Majesty's Council
of North Carolina. She departed this life Nov. the
18th, A.D. 1712, aged 55 years and 5 months."
1705.
First Church erected in the State.
1709.
Newberne laid out. 1711.
Massacre of the whites by the Indians . Sept. lit ,
1712. .
Gov. Hyde died of yellow fever . . Sept. 8th.
Madam Ann Mosely died . . . Nov. 18th.
1*

10 OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1713.
Chaeles Eden appointed Governor . . July 13th.
1716.
Penelope Eden died .... Jan. 4th.
1722.
Gov. Chaeles Eden died .... March 17th.
Succeeded by Thomas Pollock . . . March 30th-
Thomas Pollock died .... Aug. 30th.
Bertie County formed
On Salmon Creek, in Bertie County, is a monument
to the memory of Charles and Penelope Eden. The
following is the inscription :
" Here lyes y° body of
CHAELES EDEN, ESQ.,
Who governed this Province Eight years, to y' great
satisfaction of the Lord's Proprietors, and y° ease and
happiness of y" people, he brought the Country into a
flourishing condition, and died much lamented March y°
26. 1722. etatis 49.
" And near this place lyes also y" body of Penelope
Eden, his virtuous consort, who died Jan 4th 1716. Etatis
39. Yivit post funera. Ille quem virtus non marmor
in eternum sacrat."
1723.
Elisha Battle died  Jan. 9 th.
1724.
Geoege Bueeington appointed Governor . Jan. 15th.

CHEONOLOGY of NOETH CAEOLINA. 11
1725.
Sie Eichaed Eveehaed appointed Govern
or  July 17th.
David Caldwell born .... March 22d.
Boundary line between Yirginia and N. C.
established. 1729.
Eichaed Caswel, born .... Aug. 3d.
Last Legislature of N. C. under the author
ity of the Lords' Proprietaries, convened
at Edenton  Nov. 27th.
Ten thousand inhabitants in the State.
Currituck County formed.
Charter of Charles II. surrendered. 1731.
Geoege Bueeington re-appointed Governor Feb. 25th.
1733.
Benjamin Lincoln born .... Jan. 23d.
Edgecombe County formed. 1734.
Bladen and Onslow Counties formed.
Nathaniel Eice made Governor . . Apr. 17th.
Gabeibl Johnston made Governor . . Nov.
1735.
Eichaed Hendeeson born . . . Apr. 20th.
Dr. Hugh Williamson bom . . . Dec. 5th.

12 OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1741.
John Penn bom ..... May 17th.
Beaufort and Northampton Counties formed.
1742.
Willlam Hoopee bora .... June 17th.
William Shaep. born . . . . Dec. 13th.
1743.
Whitmel Hill born  Feb. 12th.
1744.
Fort Johnston erected at the mouth of the
Cape Fear Eiver. 1746.
Granville and Johnston Counties formed.
1749..
Forty-five thousand inhabitants in the
State.
Anson and Duplin Counties formed.
Beacon Island, near Ocracoke Inlet, de
stroyed by a storm.
First printing press in the State imported
this year from Yirginia by James Davis,
State printer.
Col. Wheelee says: "France having declared war
against England (1744), the defenceless seaboard of
North Carolina received the attention of the Legisla
ture."

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 13
" A fort was ordered to be built, sufficient to mount
twenty-four pieces of cannon, on the south bank of Cape
Fear, by the Legislature, which met at Newberne about
1745, and was called, in honor of the governor. Fort
Johnston." Wiley, in the "North Carolina Eeader," says: "In
1747 the Legislature made provision for the conipletion
of Fort Johnston, at the mouth of the Cape Fear
Eiver." From these two statements, which are, I presume,
both correct, we must infer that Fort Johnston was
erected by the British some time between 1740 and 1750.
When the royal rule of England terminated in North
Carolina, April, 1775, Josiah Martin, the last of the
royal governors, took refuge in Fort Johnston, where he
remained until the 12th day of July following, when,
says one writer,* " Fort Johnston was burned by the
militia, under the command of Col. John Ashe." Aud
another writerf speaks of " the sacking or burning of
Fort Johnston." Be that as it may, I suppose Col.
Ashe used about the same means to dislodge Martin that
a prudent farmer would to rid his premises of a mis
chievous fox that had taken refuge in a brush-heap near
his poultry-yard. :j:
One thing, however, is certain : if Fort Johnston was
burned at all, it was only partial ; or else it was rebuilt
very soon afterwards.
The fort is still standing, having been enlarged and
* Hon. David L. Swain.
¦|- Jo. Seawell Jones.
J After Governor Martin was driven from Fort Johnston, he took
refuge on board the "Cruiser" sloop-of-war, where he remained nearly
a year, thundering forth his political anathemas against the people of
North Carolina. H^left for Charleston, S. C, about the 1st June, 1116.

14 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
improved bythe United States since the Eevolution.
It is now surrounded (except on the water side) by the
little town of Smithville, and is, in the summer season,
" all alive with beauty and fashion," being the place of
resort of persons of wealth and refinement from Wil
mington and other places, for health and pleasure.
Some of the old buildings, erected perhaps before 1750,
are yet to be seen. They strike the beholder with deep
thought as he gazes upon their time-worn walls, and
thinks of the stirring scenes they have witnessed. Fort
Johnston is the Mecca of North Carolina, which every
citizen should visit at least once in his life.
At the session of 1747, four commissioners were
appointed to revise, codify, and print the laws then in
use. The commissioners were Chief Justice Hall, Ed
ward Mosely, Samuel Swann, and Thomas Baker. This
revisal, the first ever made in the State, was reported to
the Legislature in 1749, by Samuel Swann, was exam
ined, approved, and finally printed at Newberne by
James Davis, State printer, in 1762, who had, in 1749,
imported from Yirginia the first printing press seen in
North Carolina. The work was handsomely printed
and bound, in a small folio volume, and, from the yel
lowish hue of the leather with which it was bound, was
called yellow-jacket, a name by which it was long fami
liarly known, and which it still retains. What a con
trast between the ponderous volumes of North Carolina
laws now in use, and the little yellow jacket of a cen
tury ago !
1750.
James Ieedell bom .... Oct. 6th.
Isaac Shelby born  Dec. 11th.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 15
Isaac Shelby filled many high and responsible offices,
at the hands of both the Executive and the people,
chiefiy military. He was one of those fearless and
daring spirits which tyrants dreaded.
1751.
Gen. William Lenoie born . . . May 20th.
Orange County formed. 1752.
First law book printed in North Carolina.
Gov. Gabeiel Johnston died . . . Aug.
Gov. Johnston had presided over the province for
nearly twenty years. He died universally lamented.
" The patriotic and public spirited county of Johnston,"
and the fort at the mouth of the Cape Fear Eiver, are
both so called in honor to his memory.
1753.
Unitas Fratrum arrive.
Eowan County formed.
1754.
Matthew Eowan made Governor . . Feb. 1st.
Col. Benjamin Hawkins born . . . Aug. 15th.
Aethue Dobbs made Governor . . "in the fall."
Cumberland County formed.
Gen. Banastee Taeleton born . . . Aug. 21st.
1755.
Alfeed Mooee, Sen., born . . . May 2l8t.
[Note. — James Davis printed the "Carolina Gazette," at Newberne,
the first paper in the State. — F^uhlisher.]

16 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Mr. Moore was one of those who early threw into the
doubtful balance " their lives, their fortunes and their
sacred honor."
He was appointed a captain in the 1st Eegiment of
North Carolina Continental troops, and with his com
pany was present at the memorable attack on Fort
Moultrie, in South Carolina. He afterwards raised a
troop of volunteers, with which he diligently watched
and greatly annoyed the British commander (Major
Craig) at Wilmington.
The General Assembly elected him in 1790, Attorney-
General. In 1798, he was called to the bench ; and in
1799, was appointed by the President of the United
States an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States ; he continued in this important and re
sponsible office for six years, when he resigned on ac
count of ill health, which gradually wasted him away,
when with a consciousness of a well spent and useful
life, and in the hope of a joyful immortality, he died on
the 16th October, 1810, at the house of Major Waddell,
in Bladen County, in the arms of his afflicted family.
His life and services, consecrated as they were to the
cause of liberty and the best welfare of his country, will
ever render dear to every North Carolinian the name
of MooEE.
Eev. HuMPHEEY HuNTEE born . . . May 14th.
From a manuscript on file in the Executive office at
Ealeigh, we learn that Mr. Hunter was born in the
vicinity of Londonderry, Ireland ; he was a distinguished
soldier of the Eevolution, and afterwards an eminent
minister of the gospel. The record on his headstone in

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 17
Steele Creek grave yard, will better illustrate his char
acter than anything I could write :
" SACKED
TO THE MEMOEY OF
EEYEEEND HUMPHEEY HUNTEE,
Who departed this life August 21st, 1827, in the 73d
year of his age."
" He was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to America
at an early period of his life. He was one of those who
early promoted the cause of freedom in Mecklenburg
County (May 20th, 1775), and subsequently bore an
active part in securing the independence of his country.
For nearly thirty-eight years he labored as a faithful
and assiduous ambassador of Christ, strenuously enforc
ing the necessity of repentance, and pointing out the
terms of salvation. As a parent, he was kind and affec
tionate ; as a friend, warm and sincere ; and as a min
ister, persuasive and convincing." 1756.
Major Pleasant Hendeeson born . . Jan. 9th.
Hon. Samuel Loweie born . . . May 12th.
Welliam E. Davie bom . . .-June 20th.
1757.
Nathaniel Macon born. 1758.
Col. Joseph McDowell born . . . Feb. 25th.
Halifax County formed.

18 OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1760,
Geoege III. began to reign . . . Oct. 25tli.
Pitt County formed. 1761.
New Inlet to the Cape Fear Eiver formed
by a violent storm .... Sept. 23d.
Geoege IH. proclaimed king at the town of
Brunswick ...... Oct. 6th.
The site of the old town of Brunswick may be stili
seen on tbe Cape Fear Eiver, in the present county of
Brunswick ; several monuments of its former celebrity
are still standing. It was from the council chamber at
this place that William Tryon thundered forth his arbi
trary mandates against the Eegulators. It was also
here that the first stamped paper sent from England
for the use of the colony was attempted to have been
landed, which was so gallantly resisted by the brave
Whigs of the neighborhood.
Its name is associated with deeds of daring adventure
and bravery. The town was finally deserted for the
more commodious site where Wilmington now stands.
1762.
Dr. Chaeles Haeeis born . . . Nov. 23d.
Mecklenburg County formed, 1764.
Second newspaper ever published in North
Carolina, called " The Cape Fear Gazette
and Wilmington Advertiser," by Andrew
Stewart, printer to the King . . . June 1st.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 19
Gen. John Steele bom .... Nov. 1st.
Brunswick county formed. 1765.
Gov. DoBBs died ..... March 28th.
William Teyon made governor . . April 3d.
Gov. Teyon first met the Assembly in the
town of Wilmington .... May 3d.
1766.
Hon. Feancis Locke born . . . Oct. 31st.
BUNCOMBE MEN.
William Mills emigrated to the "block house" on
the Catawba, and thence to Green Eiver, now Euther-
ford County, in 1766. He was of English descent, and
was born on James' Eiver, Ya., the 10th of November,
1746. At an early age he married Miss Eleanor Morris,
of South Carolina, and together they journeyed happily
through life for sixty-nine years. They were surrounded
by Indians several times, and twice driven from their
homes, having their houses and all their contents pillaged
and burned. At one time he returned home from hunt
ing, and found his house robbed, his wife gone, and every
thing laid desolate, which set him perfectly wild ; he
commenced moaning and tearing out his hair, when, like
an angel, his wife suddenly appeared unharmed. As
the Indians entered the house she crept out at a small
window in the garret, and down the chimney, making
her escape to a swamp near by where she lay concealed
till she heard her husband's voice. At another time
she escaped in a similar way, and when a whole troop
of Indians were ripping up feather beds and yelling over

20 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
their plunder she raised a shout solitary and alone in a
swamp near the house — " Hurra for King George and
his army^'' with such rapidity and vehemence, that the
whole horde of savages took to their heels, and she
gained a bloodless victory, and saved most of her
property. She was not only bold, but a most exemplary
woman and Christian, having been a member of the
Methodist Church for over fifty years previous to her
death, which occurred in the spring of 1833, at the age
of ninety-four years, beloved and lamented by all who
knew her. s
Wm. Mills was small in stature but compact, sinewy
and " hardy ^^ always wore " moooasins" wool hats, and
rode bare-backed horses, never having owned but one
saddle. He was fond of the largest horses, was an un
erring rifleman, and a sober, industrious citizen. He
fought bravely at " Oowpens,^' and there received two bul
let wounds and one from a sword, which marked him dis
tinctly to his grave ; he fought also at " Ninety-Six."
Being one of the first adventurers and settlers in the
western part of the State, its history grew up under his
eye. Mills' Gap, the first wagon road across the Blue
Eidge, took its name from him, as also Mills' Eiver, one
of the most beautiful streams of pure clear water in the
world ; this river is in Henderson, formerly '¦'¦ Buncomf)e^^
which in those days was a great State, including Hay
wood, Henderson, Yancy, Madison, a part of Burke and
Eutherford, and what is still " old Buncomhe," being
then about 60 miles wide and 160 in length! The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Mills were two sons and five
daughters. John Mills married, moved and settled on
White Oak, Eutherford County, where he accumulated
a fortune and died, leaving a good name and a promising

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 21
family. Marville Mills married and settled on Mills'
Gap road, Eutherford County, made a handsome pro
perty, raised a large family, and died at a good old age,
honored and beloved. Phalby married David Myers,
who lived some years in Buncombe, then moved to
Eichland District, South Carolina, where he amassed a
very large fortune, raised a large family, and was killed
by Col. EUmore, (I believe), in his old age, in a most
cowardly manner, by shooting him in the back with a
shot-gun, without due notice ! EUmore, by his great
wealth, escaped the gallows. Morning married Overton
Lewis ; Sarah married Asa Edney ; Eleanor, Eev.
Samuel Edney ; these three all settled on Clear Creek,
near their father, raised large families, lived and died
respected and lamented. Elizabeth married George
Jones, who settled on White Oak, Eutherford County,
but afterwards moved to Spartansburg, C. H., S. C,
where he remained a number of years, then returned to
his farm where he died ; he raised and educated a large
family, and made a handsome fortune. The daughters
all attached themselves to the Methodist church in
their early days, and lived and died, four of them, in the
faith of the gospel, having each spent an average of fifty
years in the church ! Mrs. Jones is the only one of the
family living at this time, 1858. Mr. Mills, at the death
of his wife, when he walked out by a spring near the
grave, remarked, with tears streaming o'er his furrowed
cheeks, " I and Nelly drank upon our knees at that
spring fifty-five years ago, when there was no white
man's foot in the country." He was proverbial for his
benevolence and kin4, advice to all his children and
neighbors, and almost daily, for an age, rode round to
see the three children that lived near him. At his

22 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
death he had 89 grandchUdren. His orchards were
common property for all, and every year of his life he
set out at least 100 of the most choice trees, particularly
peaches and cherries. On Saturdays " an army" might
always (in fruit season) be seen, mostly children of the
neigbborhood, filling their baskets, pails and cans, with
the contents of the orchards. The only charge ever
made was '¦^ don't ireah my trees."
Once his house was beset by Indians in the night ;
he was absent, and his family escaped and fled to a hill
or brushwood near by ; on reaching it, the mother missed
" Marville," then about seven or eight years of age; he
had crawled under the bed. The savages entered the
house, and among them was the most noted Indian in
all that region, known as " CluV or " Big Foot," from
the fact of his having not only an enormous body but
an enormous '¦'¦footr which " made its marTc" wherever
he went. Some stood at the door — " Clubfoot" went in
first, and went to the hearth, where there w'ere a few
chunks or flickering embers ; he got on his knees and
commenced " blowing up the fire ;" at this, " Marville,"
in his boyish innocence, and through fear of being seen,
bethought him of the "j?a*7 of water" (which then
bestudded every " log palace"), and instantly made for it,
seized, and right over " Big Foot's" head he emptied
its contents into the fire-place, extinguishing every spark
of fire, to the amazement of ^^ Big Foot;" and to his
amazement, the next thing he knew, he struck the other
end of the wall about eight feet from the floor and
eighteen from the flre-place ! " Big Foot" having seized
him, and with one hand dashed him against the other
end of the house. It was perfectly dark, and " Marville"
soon was able, to crawl, and knowing the doorway, he

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 23
crept cautiously out right under the feet of the Indian
at the door, and thence under the floor, where he re
mained until the Indians had " struck fire," plundered
the house and left. The suspense of the mother in the
meantime was as great as her joy when she found the
Indians were gone and " Marville" alive ! " Marville"
remembered the impressions of that fire and water,
ground and lofty tumbling scene, very distinctly to the
day of his death, and always related it with laughter
and animation.
While living on Green Eiver, the Indians went to the
field or pasture of Mr. Mills, and took out eleven fine
blood mares ; a young man was sent down about the
time, and discovered them, and instead of their flying
away they pursued him to the house, about half a mile ;
his fright was so great, and the chase so close, that in
stead of running into the house, the door being ajar to
receive him, he ran entirely round it three times!
During this time the Indians halted about sixty yards
from the house, about twelve or fifteen in number, and
commenced an attack with bows, arrows and fire-arms,
which was returned from within, by two or three men,
and as many women, araong them " Polly Stepp," a
woman born never to ie killed! Among the Indians
was a very large man, who was leader, and who jumped
up and down, making all sorts of gestures, and yelling
all the time at the top of his voice ; at every leap in the
air a new volley saluted the house. The fire from within
was pretty steady, and by means of cracks between the
logs and "joort holes" effectual. Finally ^^ Polly's"
blood boiled till '¦^ no pent up Utica" could restrain her
patriotism, and seizing a gun from one of the men, she
squatted, took aim through a "port hole," fired,' and lo !

24 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
the yelling ceased, the arrows no more whizzed through
thb air, the powder flashes cleared up, the Indians were
seen gathering up the dead, which were several in
number, the conflict was over. " Poll " sprang to her
feet, jumped about three feet high, cracked her heels
together, let the gun fall, and exclaimed "Til he da^mn'd
if I hain't Ttilled the Iig Ingin !" And so it was, the
" chief" was slain, causing the,'o"khers to fly as for life ;
they carried the horses with them, were pursued across
the "ridge," but made good their escape. Said
" Poll," if I mistake not, when a child, was taken by the
heels and her brains or part of them actually knocked
out against a tree by an Indian, and she left for dead ;
notwithstanding this, the " hig Ingin" felt the force of
her revenge, and she lived to a very old age, a monu
ment of courage and health. These are but a tithe of
the incidents in the life and times' of "father Mills," (as
Bishop Asbury used to call him). I will close with one
or two relating to three well tried and faithful servants
"Lon" (London), "Sam" and "Liner" (Carolina). "Lon"
and " Sam" were literally chopped to pieces at various
times by the Indians, but they both lived to a very old
age, truthful, faithful, obedient and honest to a fraction.
Their funerals were solemn, and attended by nearly all
the whites in the neighborhood. In a hot pursuit by
Indians they were once compelled to seek shelter under
the " dressing log" over a creek, by burying themselves
not only under the log but under the water and bank.
Immediately the Indians approached, and the first one
whose foot struck the log brought "Lon" from his hiding
place in spite of "Sam's" injunction of "silence or
death" exclaiming as he rose, dripping with water,
" Who steppy oler dis nigga ?" The Indians glided into

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 25
the water, seized him, dragged him to the other side,
tied his arms behind him, withed him to a sapling, and
literally "hacked him %i,p" with tomahawks, leaving
him for dead. " Sam" was more discreet, lay still and
escaped ; this daring feat checked the pursuit for some
time, and thus Mr. Mills and other whites who outran
the negroes, made good their escape. "Lon" lived, and
all were saved, by " Who steppy oler dis nigga ?" Many
the night have I spent until the " morning hours " listen
ing to the hair-breadth escapes of these old " war worn
darkeys" " Liner" was of pure African blood, and was
put at the head of a mountain farm. Mr. Mills lost a
very fine horse under " Liner's " practice ; on question
ing " Liner" closely as to treatment, he said he had
"guv him all the hacker in de house" having first hoiled
and distilled it ! Mr. Mills exclaimed with amazement,
" What on earth did you do that for ?" " Why," with
equal earnestness and amazement, said " lAner" " I
taught wat was good for nigga, was good for hoss !"
The Barewallow, Ball Top, Sugar Loaf, Pilot, Point,
Lookout, and many other adjacent mountains, were
named by Mr. Mills. In the fall of 1834, he fell or was
thrown from a horse, being in his 88th year ; this fall
irritated the wound in his ankle, received at " Cowpens,"
and which had always given him more or less pain ;
infiammation followed, and a few days of severe pain
terminated, oivthe 10th of Nov., his earthly career. He
sleeps by his wife and daughter " Morning," and other
relatives, near EdneyviUe, Henderson County, and
sleeping, he has left a good name behind him — that of an
industrious,, kind hearted, honest inan.
Geoege Swain, 'the honored iather of Hon. D. L.
Swain, was born at Eoxborough. Mass., 17 June, 1763.
2

26 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
He was a hatter by trade. On the 1st September, 1784,
having converted his small earnings (I believe he had
no patrimony), into a cargo of notions — apples, cider,
cheese, etc., — he sailed from Providence, E. I., for
Charleston, S. C. The vessel encountered a severe
storm, was blown into the gulf stream, the principal
part of the cargo was thrown overboard, and at the end
of six weeks he found himself in Charleston, too poor
and too proud to return to his friends. Placing his
trunk in a wagon, he M'alked to Augusta, Ga., purchased
an acre lot, near the middle of Broad street, for $75,
sold it at the close of a year for $100, and removed to
Wilkes, now Oglethorpe County. Here he put up a
shop on the premises of the late Abram Hill, and carried
on the hatting busines, until he married in 1788. His
wife was Caroline Lowry, widow of David Lowry, and
daughter of Jesse Lane. He resided in Georgia eleven
years, and, during the latter five years, represented
Wilkes County, in the Legislature of the State. He
was a member of the famous Convention which met at
Louisville, in 1795, to amend the State Constitution,
and, which, after repealing and repudiating the Yazoo
land sales, directed the records of the General Assembly
in relation to them to be burned.
Finding the climate of Georgia unfavorable to health,
he removed in the winter of 1795-6, to Asheville, in
Buncombe County, N. C.
About 1805, a post route was established on the
recently constructed road through Buncombe County,
and this road soon became the great thoroughfare, from
North and South Carolina, and Georgia, to the western
States. Tlie Post Office at AsheviUe, in 1806, was
made the distributing office, for Georgia, Tennessee and

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 27
the two Carolinas. Mr. Swain took charge of the office,
in the autumn of that year, though his commission bears
date 1st January, 1807. During a period of quite
twenty years, he was never absent on the arrival of
a mail, and distributed every letter with his own
hand. He was a man of remarkable memory. He could
repeat the entire book of Genesis, and was so familiar
with the sacred volume, that on the first verse of any
chapter being read, he was ordinarily able to repeat the
second, and if he failed to do so, would turn to it, in a
minute. He was during many years a ruling elder in
the Presbyterian Church. He died at his residence in
AshevUle, on the 28th December, 1829, in the 67th year
of his age.
Col. Andeew Eewin was a native of Yirginia. He
was born about 1773, and died at his residence near the
War Trace, in Bedford County, Tennessee, in 1833.
Andrew Erwin entered into the employment of th§
late James Patton, as an assistant peddler, when aboljt
17 years of age. At 19, he married Jane Patton, the
sister of his patron, and shortly thereafter became the
partner of Mr. Patton as inn-keeper and merchant in
Wilkesborough. The firm of Patton and Erwin con
tinued to exist for many years, and branches of it were
established in various southern and western villages.
In 1800, and again in 1801, Mr. Erwin represented
Wilkes County, in the House of Commons in the General
Assembly. In 1803, he removed to Asheville, and suc
ceeded to the business of Jeremiah Cleveland, as mer
chant and inn-keeper. Mr. Cleveland was then and for
some time aftfer his removal to Greenville, S. C, con
nected in business with Patton and Erwin.

28 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
At the time Mr. Erwin settled in Asheville, the village
consisted of less than a dozen log houses, tenanted by a
still smaller number of families. He was a man of ex
traordinary energy and enterprise, and (with very limited
opportunities for improvement), great strength of mind.
He may be justly considered the incipient founder of
Asheville, at present one of the prettiest and most in
teresting villages of which we have any knowledge,
north or south. He was the first Postmaster, and
throughout the entire period of his citizenship, foremost
in every effort for the improvement of the town and
county. In the autumn of 1814, he removed to Augusta, Ga.,
and was shortly thereafter, the leading partner in mer
cantile firms in Savannah, Charleston, Nashville, New
Orleans, and many other to'^ns. His operations were
too widely extended, and as might have been appre
hended, ended in disaster. Those who knew him best,
never lost confidence in his integrity, and many families
in prosperous circumstances in the southern and western
States, are deeply indebted for the impetus imparted,
in the career of their foundei-s, by his liberality and
genius. Just as the war of 1812, with Great Britain, was
closing, and after his actual residence among us had
ceased, he was designated by Governor Hawkins to
command a regiment of militia, ordered into service for
the defence of our maritime frontiers. The regiment
was barely mustered into service under Gen. Gray, at
Wadesborough, when inteUigence was received of the
treaty of peace.
His widow, Mrs. Jane Erwin, a lady in all respects
worthy of her husband, still survives. She completed

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 29
her 88th year, on the 27th May last (1858.) She Uves
on the beautiful estate, within two miles of the War
Trace, in Bedford County, Tennessee, where Col. Erwin
resided during the closing years of his life, and in sight
of the modest inclosure which marks his burial place.
No one of the earlier citizens of Buncombe is entitled
to more grateful remembrance than the Eev. Geoege
Newton, the first Presbyterian minister who settled on
the western side of the Blue Eidge. We regret that
we are unable to present an accurate sketch of his
personal history, and the leading events of his life. His
first residence was on Swannanoa. He is believed to
have been the founder and first pastor of the three
churches of Swannanoa, Asheville, and Eeems Creek,
anterior to 1797. About the beginning of this year he
removed to the neighborhood of Asheville. The parson
age erected for him is a comfortable framed building,
and is still standing. The log house known as Union
Academy from 1797 to about 1809, stood about one
hundred yards south of the parsonage, and was demo
lished about 1810, in the autumn of which year a brick
building, which remained until the spring of 1858, was
erected. The name of the Academy was changed by
an act of the General Assembly, in 1809, to Newton
Academy. Mr. Newton taught a classical school here,
from 1797 to 1814. There was, probably, in 1797, and
for several years after, no similar institution in Tennessee,
Georgia, or either of the Carolinas, within the distance
of one hundred miles ; and although the great body of
his pupils, like their master, are in the grave, survivors
may still be found in most of the southern and western
States, and among them Hon. B. F. Perry, of S. C, and
D. L. Swain, men of merit and distinction, and many

30 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Others, who have not lived in vain. In the autumn of
1814, he removed to Bedford County, Tennessee was
during many years principal of Dickson Academy, and
pastor of the Presbyterian Church in ShellyviUe. He
died about the year 1841. A neat marble obeUsk, in
the grave-yard at this place, marks the spot of his repose.
His youngest son, the Eev. Alexander Newton, D.D.,
resides at Jackson, Miss., and is the pastor of the N. S.
Presbyterian Church, in that city.
1767.
Alexandee Mebane born . . . Nov. 26th.
1768.
Hon. AEcnrsALD Hendeeson born . . Aug. 7th.
1770.
David Stone born ..... Feb. 17th.
Chatham, Guilford, Surry and Wake
Counties formed.
Teyon's Palace at Newberne finished.
" Judge Martin says that he visited this edifice in
1783, with General Miranda of South America, who
stated that even in South America, a land of palaces, it
had no equal. It was dedicated to Sir William Draper,
who was said to be the author of the lines placed over
door of the entrance :
" ' Rege pio, dira inimica tyrannis
Virtuti has edes libera terra dedit
Sint domus et dominus secies exempla futuris
Hie artes, mores, jura legesque colant.'
"Translated thus: 'A free and happy people, opposed
to cruel tyrants, has given this edifice to virtue. May

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 31
the house and its inmate, as an example for future ages,
here cultivate the arts, order, justice, and the laws.' "
How complete a burlesque upon its origin, object
and tendency ! 1771.
Battle of Alamance  May 16th.
This battle was fought by the " Eegulators " against
the Eoyal troops under Governor Tryon. By some the
Eegulators have been pronounced a treacherous and
rebeUious set of men. The following is from the pen of
John H. Wheeler, Esq., and is exactly in accordance
with the views of the writer :
" It is for "the present and future ages to judge,
whether these people deserved the cruel treatment they
endured, and the opprobrium that has been cast upon
them. " That the Eegulators were guilty of excesses, none
can deny. This has been the case from all time, when
justice and liberty contend against oppression and
power. But the great principles that they contended
for, the rights of the many against the exactions of the
few, the rights of the people to resist taxation, unless
imposed by their representatives, the refusal to pay
more than was legal, and a right to know for what they
were taxed, and how appropriated, if in that day cost
them their property, their blood, and their lives, they
were the principles which carried our nation through
an eventful struggle, and are now recognized as the
true principles of government, self-evident and incon
trovertible ; had this battle terminated differently (and
five years after this would have been the case) the
banks of Alamance would be venerated as anothev

32 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Bunker IliU, and Husbands, MerrUl, and others ranked
with the Warrens and patriots of another day."

Gov. Teyon leaves N. C. for N. Y. .

. June 30th.

James Hassel made Governor in

. July.

Succeeded by Josiah Martin

. Aug. 11th.

1772.

Maemaduke Williams born

. April 6th.

Hon. Heney Seawell born

. Dec. 24th.

1773.

Dr. Joseph Caldwell born

, . April 21st.

William Hill born ....

. Sept. 23d.

1774.
First assemblage of the people of N. C, inde
pendent of the Crown, met at Newberne . Aug. 25th.
Martin County formed .... Sept. 5th.
1775.
Declaration of Independence, by the in
habitants of Mecklenburg County . . May 20th.
This happened more than a year in advance of the
National Declaration, thus North Carolina took the lead
in throwing off the British yoke ; the National Declara
tion was not made until July 4th, 1776, it was written
by Thomas Jefferson, who adopted some of the language
of the Meckenburg Declaration.
John Penn died  September.
Mr. Penn was one of the delegates from North Caro-

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 33
lina, who signed that immortal document, the Declara
tion of Independence. It is not (says Col. Wheeler,) very
flattering to our State pride, that not one of our dele
gates were natives of the State.
Date of Gen. Geoege Washington's Commis
sioner as Commander in Chief . . June 19th.
This memorable document was presented by John
Hancock, in presence of the Continental Congress ; it
read as follows :
'• To Geoege Washingto^t, Esq. :
" Y^e reposing special trust and eonfldence in your
patriotism, valor, conduct, and fideUty, do, by these pre
sents, constitute and appoint you to be General and
Commander in Chief of the armies of the United Colo
nies, and of all the forces now raised, or to be raised by
them, and of all others who shall voluntarily offer their
services, and join the said army for the defence of Ame
rican liberty and for repelling every hostile invasion
thereof, and you are hereby vested with full power and
authority to act, as you shall think, for the good and
welfare of the service. And we do hereby strictly
charge and require, all officers and soldiers under your
command, to be obedient to your orders, and diUgent in
the exercise of their several duties. And we do also en-
join and require you to be careful in executing the great
trust reposed in you, by causing strict discipline and
order to be observed in the army, and that the soldiers
be duly exercised and provided with aU convenient neces
saries. And you are to regulate your conduct in every
respect by the rules and discipline of war (as here given
you), and punctually to observe and foUow such orders
and directions from time to time, as you shall receive
2*

34 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
from this or a future Congress, of these United Colonies
or Committee of Congress. This Commission is to con
tinue in force until revoked by this or a future Congress."
(Signed) "John Hancock, "President.
"Philadelphia, June 19th, 1775."
Insurrection among the negroes discovered
" barely in time to suppress it " by the
authorities of the County of Pitt . . July 7th.
Provincial Congress assemble at Halifax, Aug. 20th.
A copy of the Mecklenburg Declaration
laid before the Provincial Congress at
Hillsboro', by Samuel Johnston . . Aug. 25th.
Fort Johnston burned by the militia under
the command of Col. John Ashe . . July 18th.
Provincial Congress assemble at Johnston
Courthouse ...... Oct. 18th.
Provincial Congress assemble at Johnston
Courthouse again .... Dec. 18th.
1776.
Battle of Moore's Creek .... Feb. 27th.
Provincial Congress assemble at Newberne Feb. 28th.
Provincial Congress assemble at Halifax . April 4th.
The British ravage and burn Gen. Howe's
plantation on the Cape Fear . . . May 12th.
Intent upon revenging Cn General Howe the defeat
of Lord Dunmore, Cornwallis and Clinton determined
to ravage his plantation, and accordingly on the 12th of
May, 1776, landed with a body of nine hundred troops
for that purpose.
The sentry guard that had been posted to watch the

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 35
movements of the fleet, collected their horses and drove
off the cattle, and while the enemy was marching over
the causeway from the river to the dwelling house, a
portion of the sentry guard maintained a steady fii-e,
kiUing one man wounding several others, and taking a
sergeant of the thirty-third regiment prisoner. The two
British Generals surrounded the mansion and murdered
in cold blood three helpless women, whom they found
concealed in the chambers of the house. Having thus
satiated and glutted their revenge, the victorious gene
rals were foiled in an attempt to surprise Major Davis,
stationed at the miU at Orton, Avith about one hundred
and fifty militia.
They burned the mill, ravaged Gen. Howe's planta
tion, carried off a few bullocks, and returned to their
transports with the satisfaction (for sa,tisfaction it un
doubtedly was to such men as Cornwallis) of having
butchered three innocent, unoffending females.
This and other similar actions committed during the
war, ought to have rendered Gomwallis forever after
ward incapable and unworthy of the name of Briton.
The site of General Howe's plantation and Orton Mill
are still to be seen on the Cape Fear Eiver, in the County
of Brunswick, and are places where " patriots love to
linger." Gov. Maetin leaves the Cape Fear . . June 1st.
Declaration of Independence . . . July 4th.
News of the Declaration of Independence
reached Halifax  July 22d.
Independence formally declared at HaUfax Aug. 1st.
Provincial Congress assemble at Halifax . Nov. 12th.
Declaration of Eights ratified at Halifax . Dec. 17th.
Constitution of N. C. ratified at Halifax . Dec. 18th.

36 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
GoVEENOES OF NoETH CaEOLINA, FEOM 1763 TO 1776.
1663. William Drummond.
1667. WiUiam Stevens.
1674. Sir George Carteret.
1678. Sir George Eastchurch.
1680. John Jenkins.
1681. Henry Wilkison.
1683. Seth Sothel.
1689. Philip LudweU.
1693. Thomas Smith.
1694. John Archdale.
1699. Thomas Harvey.
1699. Henderson Walker.
1704. Eobert Daniel.
1712. Edward Hyde.
1712. George PoUock.
1713. Charles Eden.
1722. Thomas Pollock.
1724. George Burrington.
1725. Sir Eichard Everhard.
The Eoyal Goveenoes.
1729. Gjporge Burrington.
1734. Gabriel Johiiston.
1753. Matthew Ebwan.
1754. Arthur Dobbs.
1765. WnUam Tryon.
1771. Josiah Martin.
1777.
Maueice Mooee died.
Burke, Camden, CasweU, Nash, and Wilkes Counties
formed.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 3(
Laws and Constitution of North Carolina printed by
James Davis.
Battle of Germantown, Pa., fought . . Oct. 4th.
In this hard-fought battle the following distinguished
North Carolinians were killed : Gen. Francis Nash,
Col. Henry Irwin, Captain Turner, Adjutant Lucas, and
six soldiers. The following, from the JV. C. Reader,
will enable the reader to form some idea of the charac
ter of Gen. Nash :
" Francis Nash was a resident of Orange County.
He was clerk of the court and member of Assembly
under the colonial government.
" He was the brother of Governor Abner Nash, and
the uncle of Hon. Frederick Nash, now one of the
judges of our Supreme Court.
" In the contest for liberty he took an early and de
cided stand.
" On the 22d of April, 1776, he was appointed by
the State Congress, colonel of the first regiment of con
tinental troops. From his bravery and talents he was
soon promoted to be a brigadier-gejieral.
" He joined, with the North Carolina troops, the
army of the north, and commanded the reserve troops
at the bloody battle of Germantown, on the 4th Octo
ber, 1777. When in this position, covering the retreat
of Washington, a spent cannon-ball struck him, carrying
away his right thigh, .and killing his horse, and, at the
same moment, his gallant aid-de-camp, Major Wither-
spoon, son of Eev. Dr. Witherspoon, president of Nas
sau Hall CoUege.
" He was carried from the field mortally wounded.

38 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
with the retreating army ; and at the house of Mr.
De Haven, in Montgomery County, under most excru
ciating sufferings, he died the next day.
" A memorial of his gallant services has been erected
over his remains by the patriotic exertions of John
Fanning Watson, Esq., of Germantown, in the Menonist
burying-ground, at Kulperville, twenty-six miles from
Philadelphia. It bears this inscription :
" Vota vice mea, Jus Patria.
In Memory of
GENEEAL FEANCIS NASH,
Mortally wounded at Battle of
Germantown,
Here interred October, 1777,
in presence of the army here
encamped."
And also by the patriotic liberality of the same hand,
a marble has been erected, bearing this inscription.
" IN HONOE TO THE BEAYE.
Tlic jacet in pace
Colonel Heney Iewin of North Carolina,
Captain Tuenee,
Adjutant Lucas and six soldiers.
Killed in the battle of Germantown.
One Cause, one Grave.
J. F. W."
The gratitude of every North Carolinian is due to Mr.
Watson for his UberaUty, and whUe the marble erected

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 39
by his exertions remains a monument to the memory
of our countrymen, let the recollection of the noble act
remain a monument to his memory with us and our
children. 1778.
Gen. Paul Baeeingee born in . . . Sept.
Hon. William Gaston born . . . Sept. 19th.
Eev. William McPheetees, D.D., born . Sept. 28th.
1779.
Joseph Hughes died .... Nov. 10th.
Franklin, Gates, Jones, Wayne, Montgom
ery, Eandolph, Eichmond, Eutherford,
and Warren Counties formed. 1780.
Battle of Eamsour's Mill* . . . June 22d.
Gen. Gates defeated at Camden . . Aug. 16th.
Battle of King's Mountain . . . Oct. 7th.
In the battle of King's Mountain, Col. Williams, of
S. G, Major Chronicle, of Lincoln County, N. C, and
Capt. John Mattocks were killed, and Col. Hambrite
wounded. Our entire loss was twenty-eight killed,
and sixty wounded. The next day after the battle, a
court martial was held and about twenty Tories hung.
At the forks of the branch where Major Chronicle and
Captain Mattocks were buried, a monument is erected ;
on it is the following inscription :
One account says, June 20th.

40 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
" Sacred to the memory of
Major William Cheonicle,
Captain John Mattocks,
William Eobb and
John Boyd,
Who were kiUed in this place on the 7th October, 1780,
fiffhting in defence of America."
On the west side of said monument is the follow
ing:
"COLONEL FEEGUSON,
An officer of his Britannic Majesty,
Was defeated and killed
At this place.
On 7th October, 1780."
On the 7th Oct., 1855, the battle of King's Mountain
was celebrated by an assembly of over 16,000 persons.
" The Hon. John S. Preston was the orator of the day,
to whose effort the following extract will hardly do
justice :"
" Up that gorge, along that ridge, rising that steep
acclivity, our patriot kinsmen trailed in their own sacred
blood as they encircled the ferocious beast who had
been preying upon their homes and children. The
fierce Ferguson lay crouched at the summit, licking his
red chops after his feast of blood, and glaring at the moun
tain hunters as they closed around him. On one side
the calm, determined Cleveland came out ; out of the
deep hollow the bold, and strong, and daring Shelby
sprung ; in front came the red-haired Campbell, with the
claymore of the Argyles gleaming in his hand, his blue
eye glittering with- a lurid flame.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 41
'• They met as the terrible foe comes crashing down
like a herd of hungry lions ; they met with an earth-
shock, a tremor, a pause, the rattle, the roar, a groan, a
shriek, a wild triumphant shout, and the spirit of liberty,
like Pallas watching over her warrior sons, hovered for
a moment over this wild mountain scene, and unfolding
her purple wings, bore the glad tidings to the Father of
his Country, and to the hearts of her fainting soldiery
in other regions of her chosen land." — American Organ.
1781.
Battle of the Cowpens .... Jany 17th.
Battle of Guilford  March 15th.
In this hard-fought battle the American commander
retreated and left the British in possession of the field ;
yet the Americans reaped the fruits of victory. Gen.
Greene prepared to renew the contest, but Cornwallis
now had enough of Greene ; he avoided battle, which
before he had so anxiously sought, and retired to Wil
mington, and from thence to Yirginia, where he soon
became an easy prey to the combined French and
American armies under Gen. Washington.
When the victory gained by the British over the
Americans at Guilford, was announced in the British
House of Parliament, the immortal Earl of Chatham
replied, that " one more such victory would ruin the
British army."
Gen. William Davidson kiUed . . Feb. 1st.
Dr. Alexandee Gaston kiUed . . Aug. 20th.
Hon. Feedeeick Nash born.
1782.
Hon. John Beanch bom . . Nov. 4th.

42 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1783.
Final treaty of peace between England and
the United States .... Sept. 3d.
Washington resigned his Commission as
Commander-in-Chief .... Dec. 23d.
Gov. BuEKE died. 1784.
Gen. James Owen born in . . . Dec.
Sampson and Moore Counties formed.
1785.
Moses Moedecai born  April 4th.
Eockingham County formed. 1786.
Gen. Nathaniel Geeene died . . . June 19th.
Hon. Thomas Euffin born.
Eobeson County formed. 1787.
Hon. Edmund Debbeey born . . . Aug. 14th.
Gov. John Owen bom in ... Aug.
1788.
A Convention of the people of N. C, at
Hillsboro', rejected the Federal Consti
tution  July 21st.
Seat of Government permanently fixed at
Ealeigh.
James Ieedell, Jun., born.
Hon. Lewis D. Heney born.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 43
1789.
First Presidential election in the United
States  Feb. 1st.
Washington inaugurated at New York . April 30th.
Gen. Louis D. Wilson born . . . May 12th.
Chaeles Fishee born .... Oct. 20th.
North Carolina accepts the Federal Consti
tution  Nov. 21st.
Stokes County formed.
University of N. C. established at Chapel
Hill  1790.
Tennessee ceded to the United States by
North Carolina  Feb. 25th.
Floea McDonald died .... March 4th.
Mrs. Elizabeth Steele died . . . Nov. 22d.
William Hoopee died .... Oct.
Dismal Swamp Canal incorporated. 1791.
James Geant born .... Feb. 26th.
Hon. EoMULus M. Saundees born . . March 3d.
Dr. S. B. Eveettt born .... June 6th.
James Faunteleoy Tayxoe born . . July.
Buncombe, Greene, Lenoir, and Person
Counties formed. 1792.
Hon. David F. Caldwell born.
Hon. Willie P. Mangum bom.
Cabarrus County formed. Named after

44 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Stephen Cabarrus, of Chowan County.
He left an immense fortune, which re
verted to Madame Tallien, his sister.
1793.
Hon. James J. McKay born.
Eev. Hezekiah G. Leigh born . . Nov. 23d.
1794.
Maj. Benjamin M. Seley born . . April 29th.
Hon. Samuel Spencee died. 1795.
HiNTON James, the first student in the
University of the State, arrived from
Wilmington  Feb. 12th.
Public instruction commenced . . Feb. 13th.
Gen. Feancis Maeion died . . . Feb. 27th.
" Next to Washington, 0 ! glorious shade
In page historic shall thy name have place.
Deep on thy country's memory are portrayed,
Those gallant deeda which time shall ne'er erase.
"Ah I full of honors and of ¦years, farewell ;
Thus o'er thy tomb shall Carolina sigh.
Each tongue thy valor, and thy worth shall tell.
Which taught the young to fight the old to die.''
Hon. John L. Bailey born . . . Aug. 13th.
Gen. Jesse Speight born . . . Sept. 22d.
Hon. Bedfoed Beown born.
Hon. Geoege E. Badgee born . . . April 17th.
1796.
Hon. Nathaniel Boyden born . . . Aue. 16th.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 45
Hon. Eobeet Steange born . . . Sept. 20th.
Hon. Daniel Tuenee born . . . Sept. 26th.
Hon. Eichaed Dobbs Spaight born.
Gen. Anthony Wayne died . . . Dec.
1797.
Hon. Whitmel Hill died . . . Sept. 26th.
Hon. Alfeed Dockeky born . . . Dec. 11th.
1798.
Hon. John M. Moeehead born . . July 4th.
1799.
Elisha Battle died .... March 6th.
A. W. Yenable born .... Oct. 17th.
James Ieedell died .... Oct. 20th.
Hon. John Williams died » . . . Oct.
Ashe and Washington Counties formed.
Gold first discovered in N. C.
"Ealeigh Eegister" e^'tablished by Joseph Gales.
1800.
Hon. John Sitgeeaves died.
Daniel W. Couets born . . . Nov. 26th.
1801.
Hon. David L. Swain born . . . Jan. 4th.
"David L. Swain, without the advantages of high
birth or fortune, has arisen to positions of power and
usefulness in North Carolina ; he has been five times
elected to the Legislature, has been solicitor of the Eden
ton District, has once been elected Governor and served
one term, has been judge of the Superior Court, a mem-

46 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
ber of the board of Internal Improvements ; and several
other high and responsible offices he has filled, with
dignity ; he is now (1858) president of the University
of the State ; which office he has filled for years with
great acceptability and distinction. His native place is
Asheville, Buncombe County. 1802.
Gen. Daniel Moegan died . . . July 6th.
Gen. Moegan was a fearless and chivalric officer, he
commanded the American troops at the battle of the
Cowpens, where he gained a splendid victory, for which
Congress voted him a gold medal ; he was also with
General Montgomery at Quebec, and General Gates at
Saratoga; the following is from his tombstone in the
Baptist Churchyard at Winchester, Yirginia :
" MAJOE GENEEAL DANIEL MOEGAN,
Departed this life
On July the 6th, 1802,
Tn the 67th year of his age.
Patriotism and valor were the prominent
Features of his Character,
And
The honorable services he rendered
to his Country
During the Eevolutionary war.
Crowned him with glory, and will remain
in the hearts of his
Countrymen
a perpetual monument
to his
MEMORY."

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 47
1804.
Hon. William A. Geaham born Sept. 5th.
Bank of Cape Fear incorporated.
Moravian Female College established at
Salem. This institution still flourishes,
and is one of the best female colleges in
America. 1805.
CoENWALLis died. .... Oct. 5th.
" Charles, Earl of Cornwallis, was born 31st Decem
ber, 1738. He commenced his education at Eton, and
completed it at St. John's College, Cambridge. He
entered the army, and served as aid-de-camp to the
Marquis of Granby, in the German campaign of 1761.
On the death of his father, in the foUowing year, he
took his seat in the House of Lords. He had served in
the House of Commons as a member for Eye, in two
successive Parliaments.
In 1770, he, with three other young peers, protested,
with Lord Camden, against the taxation of America.
Mansfield, the chief justice, is said to have sneeringly
observed, " Poor Camden could get only four boys to
join him."
"Although opposed to the course of the ministry,
yet, when hostilities commenced, he did not, as an offi
cer, scruple to accept active employment against
America." " In 1777 he displayed great gallantry at the battle
of Brandywine. He defeated Gen. Gates at Camden,
in August, 1780. His general orders, on his march
from the Catawba to the Dan river, in 1781, do honor
to his head as well as his heart. The battle of Guilford

48 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
was his last general engagement in America, for at
Yorktown, on 19th October, 1781, he and his whole
forces, amounting to more than four thousand troops,
surrendered to the American and French forces com
bined, under Washington and Count Eochambeau.
" Lord Cornwallis returned to England. His failure
in America did not impair his reputation, for he was
appointed Governor of the Tower, and in 178.6 honored
with the order of the garter, and sent to the East Indies
in the double capacity of governor-general and com
mander-in-chief. He was distinguished in this elevated
position for his gallantry in war against the Sultan of
Mysore, and the humanity with which he exercised hia
power. He returned to England, and, in consideration
of his eminent se]*vices, was made a privy counseUor,
created a marquis, and master-general of ordnance.
In 1798 he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
where, by his vigor, he subdued an insurrection, de
feated the French who landed to support the rebels,
and by his policy restored tranquillity.
" Soon after, he was sent plenipotentiary to the court
of France, and as such signed the treaty of Amiens.
" In 1804 he succeeded the Marquis of Wellesley as
Governor-General of India. On his arrival at Calcutta
his health faUed, and he died at Ghazepoore, 5th Octo
ber, 1805. He left one son, who succeeded to his title
and estate. A statue at Bombay preserves, with accu
racy, his commanding person, and the benevolent char
acter of his countenance. His mind was not of supe
rior briUiancy, but his honor was unimpeached, and his
private character amiable.
" Lord CornwaUis, in his person, was short and thick
set; his hair somewhat grey ; his face was AveU formed

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 49
and agreeable. In his manners he was remarkably easy
and affable — much beloved by his men."
I am indebted for this sketch to " Wbeeler's History
of North Carolina," vol. ii. p. 180. This is inserted here
because of the notoriety of the man, and his connection,
in some sense, with our own State.
1806.
Col. John H. Wheelee bom . . Aug. 2d.
Col. Wheeler has distinguished himself in North Caro
lina. He was prepared for coUege by Eev. Jonathan
Otis Freeman. He entered the Columbian CoUege,
District of Columbia, in 1821, and took bis degree of
A.B., in 1826, read law with the late Chief Justice
Taylor, and was Ucensed in 1827. In 1828, he received
the^degree of A.M., at Chapel HiU. In 1827, elected
to the House of Commons, in which he served continu
ously until 1830, when he was a candidate for Congress,
in the Edenton District, and was defeated by Hon.
WiUiam B. Shepard.
In 1831, he was appointed by the President, Clerk of
the Board of Commissioners, under the Convention
with France. In January, 1837, he was appointed by
the President, Superintendent of the Mint at Charlotte,
which he held untU 1841.
In 1842, he was nominated by the Democratic party
of Mecklenburg as a candidate for the House of Com
mons, which nomination he declined accepting.
In 1842, he was elected Treasurer of the State ;' in
1844, was succeeded by Major Charles L. Hinton.
He now commenced coUeciing materials for the
History of the State, which he published in 1851. His
3

50 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
history has been condemned by some as an inaccurate
and imperfect work. True, it " contains errors and im
perfections," as the historian himself acknowledges in
conclusion, but
" Whoever thinks a faultless book to see.
Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be."
And when we consider the numerous sources from
which Col. Wheeler had to gather his materials, and
then the perplexing and laborious business of their
arrangement, we unhesitatingly pronounce it a good
work, and one which does honor to its author and to
the State.
Of the career of Col. Wheeler since 1851, the writer
will not here speak, more than to say, he is still alive,
and on a foreign mission, in the full enjoyment of the^
friendship and confidence of his fellow citizens.
1807.
John Paul Baeeingee died . . . Jan. 1st.
Alexandee Maetin died
Hon. Chaeles B. Shepaed born . . Dec. 5th.
1808.
Hon. Sfehoe McCay died
Columbus and Haywood Counties formed .
1809.
Eev. Thomas J. Campbell bom . . Feb. 22 d.
For the following sketch of the life of Eev. Thomas J.
Campbell, I am indebted to that valuable work, the

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 51
"Annals of Southern Methodism for the year 1855,"'
by Eev. Charles F. Deems, D.D. i
"Thomas J. Campbell was bom February 22d, 1809,
in Columbus, Cabarrus County, North Carolina; he
removed thence to Morgan County, Ga., in 1815. He
obtained an experimental knowledge of reUgion, July
2 Ith, 1827, and was licensed to preach the Gospel, by
the Eev. Thomas Samford of the Georgia Conference,
in December, 1827; recommended to the Alabama Con
ference in 1845, and travelled Lafayette circuit, Chock-
tawhatchie, in 1846 and 1847; Troy, 1S4S; Blounts-
ville, 1849 ; Buckatonie, 1850 ; Cahaba circuit, 1861 ;
Butier, 1852 ; PortersvUle, 1853, and was superannuated
at the close of that year ; ,his disease was consumption ;
he died in peace with God and all the world. He was
a faithful pastor and served his generation for good.
1810.
Hon. Waeeen Winslow born . . . Jan. 1st.
Benjamin Lincoln died .... May 9th.
Alfeed Mooee, sen., died ... . . Oct. 15th.
Hon. Thomas Beagg bom .... Nov. 9 th.
1811.
Hon. Asa Beiggs born .... Feb. 4th.
BuETON Ceaig born ..... March 13th.
Hon. Geeene W. Caldwell born . . April 13th.
Joshua G. Weight, died.
" Chang and Eng," born .... May.
William White died .... Nov. 8th.
Gen. Feedeeick Geist died . . . Dec. 26th.
The above mentioned " Chang and Eng "' are the
celebrated Siamese twins. They left their country for

52 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
America, in 1829, since which time they have travelled
over the whole of this continent, England, France, and
other countries, " exciting the admiration of the crowd,
and the investigations of the scientific." After wander
ing over the whole globe, they have sought the quiet
glens of Wilkes County, as the loveliest spot for retire
ment and repose.
They are united together as one by an ensiform carti
lage from the side ; the blood-vessels and nerves of each
communicate ; there seems to be a perfect sympathy,
for when one is sick so is the other. They go to sleep
at the same moment, and wake at the same ; they are
wealthy, well settled, both happily married, and have
interesting families around them.
Sir Astley Cooper, of London ; Dr. Samuel Mitchell,
of New York, and several scientific gentlemen have
reported upon this singular phenomenon in the natural
world. See Wheeler, vol. ii. p. 465.
1812.
Hon. EiPBEET T. Payne bom . . . Feb. 18th.
Eoanoke Navigation Company incorpo
rated. 1813.
Eev. James McFaeland born . . . Feb. 22d.
Hon. Edwin G. Eeade born . . . Nov. 13th.
Hon. David S. Eeid born . . . April 19th.
Mr. Eeid. is a native of Eockingham County, N. C.
His first appearance in pubUc life was in 1835, as sen
ator from Eockingham, and he was continuously elected
until 1840. In 1843 hc was elected to Congress, and

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 53
served until 1847. In 1848 he was nominated for gov
ernor, and was defeated by a small majority. In 1850 he
was again nominated and was elected. The distinguishing
act that has marked Gov. Eeid's career has been his
successful advocacy of the cause of free suffrage. In
1854 he was elected to the United States Senate, where
he is stUl a member in 1858.
1814.
Eev. Josiah John Finch bom . . . Feb. 3d.
Mr. Finch was bom in Franklin county. He became
an eminent minister of the gospel of the Missionary
Baptist denomination. See 1850, in this work.
1815.
Gen. Chaeles McDowell died . . . Maroh 31st.
Gen. John Steele died .... Aug. 14.
Gen. Steele, after holding several high and responsi
ble offices under Gen. Washington and John Adams's
administration, was, on the 14th day of August, 1815
(the day of his death), elected to the House of Commons.
The foUowing is from his tombstone :
\0n the west side.]
"In the memory of
GENEEAL JOHN STEELE,
Died Aug. 14th, 1815,^'
aged 50."

54 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
\_0n the east side.]
" Consecrated by conjugal and
filial affection.
An enlightened Statesman ; a vigilant Patriot ;
an accomplished Gentleman.
The archives of the country testify the services of his
short and useful life.
Long will that country deplore his loss ;
but when will this
sequestered spot cease to witness the sacred
sorrow ofhis family and friends?"
John Seviee died  Sept. 24tli.
Of the life and public services of Gen. Sevier it is
unnecessary for me here to speak. A beautiful sketch
of his life is given in " Wheeler's History," vol. ii. p. 449.
The History of Tennessee and Western North Carolina
is his (Sevier's) history. The following inscription from
a marble which has been recently erected to his memory,
wiU give the reader some ide of the life, character, and
public services of Gen. Sevier :
"SEYIEE,
" Noble and successful defender of the early settlers
of Tennessee. The first and for twelve years Governor,
Eepresentative in Congress, Commissioner in many
treaties with the Indians. He served his country faith-

¦CHaONOLOGY OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 55
fully for forty years, and in that service died. An
admirer of patriotism, and merit unrequited, erects this
^' CENOTAPH." 1816.
Colonel Benjamin Hawkins died. . . June 6tb.
1818,
David Stone died  Oct. — .
Hon. Samubx Loweie died . . . Dec. — .
Hon. Blake Bakee died. 1819.
Dr. Hugh Williamson died , . , May 2 2d.
1820.
Eev. Evan E. Feeeman born ... -^i^g- 15th.
Hon. Thomas Euffin born . . . Sept. 9th.
Hon. John Willis Ellis born . . . Nov. 23d.
Eev. Chaeles F. Deems born . . . Dec. 4th,
In tlie life of Dr. Deems we see the natural results of
industry, perseverance, piety and temperance combined.
He was licensed to preach in May, 1839 ; graduated
A.B., July, 1839; at twenty years of age he was ap
pointed General Agent of the American Bible Society
for the State of North Carolina; at 21, made A.M.,
and was elected to a chair in the University of N. C. ;
at 25, to a chair in Eandolph Macon College, Ya. ; at
27 commenced the publication of the Southern Metho
dist Pulpit; at 28 elected delegate to the General

56 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Conference of the M. E. Church South ; at 29, published
a very popular religious work, the "Home Altar," and
the same year was elected President of Greensborough
Female College; at 33, was made D.D., one of the
Yirginia newspapers declaring him " the youngest D.D.
in North America ; " at 34 was reelected to the Gene
ral Conference, and the same year elected President of
Centenary College, La., and either president or professor
in about eight other institutions.
In 1856, he published " The Annals of Southern Me
thodism for the year 1855." He has published in all
twelve volumes of various works. He is still young in
years, and has, if spared to an ordinary age, the most
valuable portion of his life still before him. Dr.
Deems as an orator has few equals.
The writer would here beg leave to call attention to
the " Annals of Southern Methodism," as an invaluable
historical and statistical work, and one which does
honor to the Church, the State, and to its distinguished
author. This work for 1856-67 is also published, and
its author was a delegate to the General Conference
of 1858.

1822.
Davidson County formed.
Hon. Aechibald HenOeebon died . . Oct. 21st
Mr. Henderson was an able and efficient lawyer.
The following is from his tombstone, in the Lutheran
churchyard, Salisbury, N. C. :

CHEONOLOGY OP NOETH CAEOLINA. 57
" In memory of
AECHIBALD HENDEESON,
To whom his associates at the bar have
Erected this monument
To mark their veneration for the Character of
a Lawyer
who illustrated their profession by the Extent of his
learning and the
unblenched integrity of his life ;
of a man,
who sustained and embellished all the relations
of social life
with rectitude and benevolence ;
of a citizen.
Who elevated by the native dignity of his mind above
the atmosphere of selfishness and party, pursued calmly
yet zealously the true interests of his" country. His loss
was felt with a sincere, general, and unmixed sorrow.
Decissit XXI Die Octobris
Anno Domini CIO.DCCC.XXII Mt Sue LIY."
1 24.
James Tuenee died  Jan. loth.
David Caldwell died .... Aug. 25th.
Eev. Petee Beowdee bom . . . Sept. 2d.
Stephen Haywood died .... Sept. 11th.
Buncombe Turnpike incorporated. 1825.
Board of Internal Improvements established.
Dr. Chaeles Haeris died . . . Sept. 21st,
3*

58 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
First charter to a turnpike across "Mills's Gap,"
from Eutherford to Buncombe, granted to Eev. Samuel,
and Asa Edney, and Thomas Case, for twenty years.
This was one of the first passes across the mountain and
so called after William Mills. 1826.
Clubfoot and Harlowe Creek Canal incorpo
rated  July 4th.
By a singular coincidence, John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson, two illustrious statesmen and patriots breathed
their last on the same day, that too the birthday of
American liberty, and just fifty years after they had
signed the Declaration of Independence. At his own
request, the following words mark the last resting-place
of Jefferson. " Here was buried
THOMAS JEFFEESON,
Author of the Declaration of Independence
Of the statute of Yirginia for religious freedom
And Father of the University of Yirginia."
Isaac Shelby died  July 18th.
Gen. Geoege Geaham died - . . . March 29th;
General Graham was one of the most active of those
who figured in the "times that tried men's souls."
The following is from the slab of marble that covers his
grave at Charlotte.

CHSONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. f9
"SACRED to the
Memory of
MAJOE GENEEAL GEOEGE GEAHAM,
Who died
on the 29th March, 1S26,
In the Sixty-eighth year of his age.

He Uved more than half a century in the vicinity of
this place, and was a zealous and active defender of his
Country's Eights
in the
Eevolutionary War
and one of the gaUant twelve who dared to attack
and actually drove 400 British troops at Mclntu-es,
seven miles north of Charlotte,
on the third of October, 1750.
George Graham filled many high and responsible
public trusts,
the "duties of which he discharged with fideUty.
He was the people's friend not their flatterer
and unifoi-mly enjoyed the
unlimited confidence
and respect of his
feUow citizens."
First toll gate on the Mills's Gap, November 26th.
1827.
First toll gate on the Buncombe turnpike
erected  * . Oct.
Eev. HuMPHEEY HuNTEE died . . Aug. 21st.
For a sketch of the life of Mr. Hunter, see 1755, in
this work.

60 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1828.
James Faunteleoy Tayloe died . . June 29th.
Macon County formed. 1829.
John Louis Tayloe died .... Feb.
Sheewood Haywood died .... Oct. 5th.
1831.
Principal part of the city of Ealeigh burnt Jan. 7th.
Capitol of the State at Ealeigh burnt . . June.
Insurrection among the negroes in the coun
ty of Southampton, Ya  Aug. 21st.
This hisurrection was at the instance of Nat Turner,
a slave belonging to Mr. Joseph Travis. He, dn the
night aforesaid, assembled together some fifty or sixty
other negroes, and in cold blood butchered fifty-five
white persons, on the borders of our State, in the county
aforesaid. Nat was taken and hung on the llth of
November, 1831. See Wheeler's History, vol. ii., p.
2i0. The excitement spread like fire all through North
Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, and even into
Kentucky.
1832.
John Wheelee died. ..... Aug. 7th.
From the papers of that day the following is copied :
" Died, on TuesHay, the 7th August, 1832, at his resi
dence in the town of Murfreesboro, John Wheelee,
Esq., Postmaster of said place, in the 62d year of his
age.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 61
" He was one of the earliest inhabitants of the village
in which he died ; he had seen it grow up from one or
two scattering houses to the appearance which it now
presents. In all his dealings with mankind, he was
distinguished for his integrity of character and honesty
of purpose. As a citizen, he was faithful to every trust
committed to his care ; as a Christian, he was an hum
ble and devout member of the Baptist church for above
thirty years ; as a father, he was kind and indulgent to
his numerous family ; and as a husband, he was always
affectionate. In all his relations to society he sustained
an unblemished reputation ; he Uved respected by all
who knew him, and died deeply mourned by a large
circle of friends and acquaintances. During his long,
severe and fatal Ulness, he manifested the utmost pa
tience and submission to the decrees of an all-wise
Providence. He retained his faculties to the last mo
ment. When the hand of death pressed upon him he
was conscious of the touch, and did not shrink from it.
He embraced his affectionate relations, who were mourn
ing around him, and composedly bid them ' farewell ;'
he said that he felt that he was dying ; that it was not
so hard to die as he had thought ; that he was not afraid
to die ; that he knew he was ' going to an eternal rest.'
Such was the triumphant end of this good man."
The above was the father of Col. John H. Wheeler.
1833.
Bank of the State of N. C. incorporated.
Wilmington and Ealeigh E.E. incorporated.
Yancey County formed.
Leonard Hendeeson died. . . . Aug.

62 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Hon. John Hall died.
Gen. Banastee Taeleton died . . . Jan. 25th.

For the foUowing sketch of the life of Gen. Tarleton,
I am indebted to Wheeler's History, vol. ii., p.
180: "Banastre Tarleton was bom in Liverpool on the
21st August, 1764. He commenced the study of the
law, but on the breaking out of the war with America,
exchanged the gown for the sword. He was with Lord
Cornwallis in his whole campaigns in the South, and his
daring intrepidity, indomitable energy and military
ambition, greatly aided, if they did not secure, victory
to the English arms at Camden. The ardor of his tem
per and daring received a severe check at the Cowpens,
on 17th Jan., 1781, from General Morgan.
"The capitulation at Yorktown (Oct. 1781), termi
nated his military career. On his return to England,
he entered public life as a member of the House of
Commons from Liverpool ; iu 1818, he was promoted
to the rank of General ; and on the coronation of George
IY.,-was created a Baronet and Knight of Bath. He
was a daring officer, sanguinary and resentful in his tem
per. He married, in 1798, the daughter of the Duke
of Ancaster and Kestevan. He died January 25th,
1833, without issue.
" Colonel Tarleton was in person below the middle
size ; stout, strong, heavily made, large muscular legs,
and uncommonly active in his movements ; his com
plexion dark; his eyes small, black and piercing."
" Tarleton " is so well remembered, we give him this
notice.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 63
1834.
Wake Forest College founded.
This college was projected and is sustained by the
Baptists. Wheeler, in his History of N. C, says :
" The father and founder of this institution is un
doubtedly the Eev. Samuel Wait, D.D., who was its
first President, and continued so up to June, 1846. The
Eev. William Hooper, LL.D., was his successor, and
resigned in 1848, at which time the Eev. John B.
White, A.M., who had for twelve years occupied the
professorship of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
was elected President. The institution has gradually
been gaining in public favor, is free from debt, and has
the prospect of a speedy endowment."
William Polk died
Gen. Kedae Ballaed died
Hon. John Stanley died
Hon. Joseph Peaeson died
James Geant died
Merchants Bank, Newberne, incorpor
1835.
Amendments to the Constitution of
Carolina ratified in Convention
Dr. Joseph Caldwell died
Hon. Heney Seawell died
Ealeigh and Gaston E.E. incorporated.
1836.
WUmington and Ealeigh E.E. commenced.
Davie County formed.
Hon. HuTCHiNS G. Bueton died . . April 2lBt.

Jan.

14th.

Jan.

16th.

Aug

3d.

Oct.
27th.
Nov
3d.
rated.
North
July
llth.
,
Jan.
27th.
.
Oct.
llth.
64 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1837.
Davidson College opened . . . March.
Hon. Willis Alston died . . . April 10th.
Hon. Nathaniel Macon died . . . June 29th.
It would be superfiuous for me to attempt here to
write anything on the life and public services of Hon.
Nathaniel Macon. His biography has been written by
Edward E. Colton, Esq., to which and to " Wheeler's
History," the reader is referred. Let it suffice for me
to say he was one of the most distinguished of Caro
lina's sons. He was, from 1801 to 1806, Speaker of the
House of Eepresentatives, the only individual from
North Carolina who has ever enjoyed this distinguished
honor. Alfeed Mooee, jun., died . . . July 28th.
Hardy B. Ceoom and family perished in
the shipwreck of the steamer " Home,"
on his way from New York . . . Oct. 9th.
Mr. Croom was a native of Lenoir County, and gra
duated at the University in 1816.
1838.
Davidson and Wake Forest Colleges char
tered.
Hon. John A. Cameron, of N. C, perished
in the unfortunate steamer " Pulaski," on
his passage from Savannah to Charleston, June 14th.
1839.
John Eex died  Jan. 29th.

CHEONOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 65
George Pollok died .... April 9 th.
Gen. William Lenoie died . . . May 6th.
Ealeigh and Gaston E.E. finished . . July 4th.
Cherokee County formed. 1840.
Gen. Bevkely Daniel died. . . . Sept 13th.
Wilmington and Ealeigh E.E. finished.
Common Schools established throughout the
State by a state fund and county tax.
1841.
Owen Holmes died  June 6th.
Caldwell, Stanley and Cleveland Counties
formed. 1842.
Lewis Williamson died (in Congress). . Feb. 23d.
Joseph Gales died  May 24th.
Col. William Eobaeds died . . . June 17th.
Eev. Dennis Lennon died. . . . July 16th.
Hon. James Gustavus Adolphus William
son died  Aug. 7th.
Hon. Edwaed Jones died .... Aug. 8th.
Dr. Eobeet Williams* died. . . . Nov. 12th.
• The above-mentioned Dr. Eobert WiUiams was a surgeon of the
Eevolutionary army. After this service, he rendered constant and im
portant civil services. He was a member of the Convention at Hills
borough, 21st July, ITTSi to deliberate upon the Constitution of the
United States (which body rejected that instrument), and voted against
its ratification with a majority of one hundred.
He was also a member of the Convention at Ealeigh, 4th June, 1835,

66 CHEONOLOGY OP NOETH CAEOLINA.
Eev. William McPheetees died . . Nov. 7th.
Major Pleasant Hendeeson died . . Dec. 10th.
Catawba, McDowell and Union Counties
formed. / 1843.
Great fire in Wilmington .... AprU 30th.
Hon. Thomas Keenan died . . . Oct. 22d.
Hon. Chaeles B. Shepaed died . . Oct. 31st.
1844.
Gen. Paul Baeeingee died . . . June.
Hon. William Montgomeey died . . Nov. 27th.
Hon. William Gaston died . . . Jan. 23d.
The following resolutions on the death of Hon. Wm.
Gaston were unanimously passed by the General As
sembly of North Carolina, at the session of 1844r-45.
" Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of
North Carolina, that in the death of William Gaston,
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, the State has
experienced a loss of one of its most patriotic citizens, a
faithful public servant, and a learned and impartial
Judge. That in the course of a long and varied life his
bright career is left to us an example worthy of imita
tion, and his unsullied character one of the brightest
jewels of the State.
" Resolved, that the Governor of the State transmit a
copy of these resolutions with the preamble* to the
to amend the State Constitution ; and a member of either the House of
Commona or Senate from 1786 to 1814.
He died loved for hia virtues and respected for hia services.
* The preamble being long ianot here given.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 67
family of the deceased, and that they be. spread on the
journals of both branches of the General Assembly."
1845.
William W. Cheeey died .... May 2d.
Gen. Andrew Jackson died . . . June 8th.
John Phifee died  Oct. I8th.
1846.
Alexander and Gaston Counties formed.
Col. Chaeles Hoskins of North Carolina
kiUed at Monterey in Mexico . . Sept. 21st.
Hon. Feancis X. Maetin died . . Dec. 10th.
Hon. Louis D. Heney died. 1847.
Commercial Bank, Wilmington, incorporated.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Ealeigh.
J. H. K. BuEGWiN, Capt. 1st Eegt. United
States Dragoons, died at Taos, New Mex
ico ....... Feb. 7th.
Gen. Jesse Speight died . . . . May 1st.
Capt. Samuel Pottee died . . . May 29th.
Gen. Lewis D. Wilson died in Mexico . Aug. 12th.
Sergt. Eichaed H. Eogees of N. C. killed
at National Bridge, Mexico . . Aug. 12th.
1848.
John J. Wheeden died . . . Jan. 14th.
Hon. Joseph J. Daniel died . . . Feb.
Meeetit D. Ceockek died . . . June 27th.
North Carolina E.E. chartered.

'68 CHEONOLOGY- OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Turnpike from Salisbury west to the Geor
gia line incorporated.
Cape Fear and Deep Eiver Navigation
Company incorporated.
Fayetteville and Western Plank Eoad
chartered.
Alamance and Forsythe Counties formed.
1849.
Watauga County formed.
Bank of Fayetteville incorporated.
Charles Fisher died .... May 7th.
James Knox Polk died .... June 15th.
Joshua Foreman died .... Aug. 4th.
1850.
Eev. Josiah John Finch died . . . Jan. 21st.
Mr. Finch was an able and efficient minister of the
Gospel of the Missionary Baptist denomination ; his
biographer says :
" Few men combine so many of the true elements of
ministerial excellence as were to be found in the charac
ter of Eev. J. J. Finch ; he was dignified in deport
ment ; graceful in gesture ; clear in conception ; sys
tematic in arrangement ; simple and chaste in language ;
distinct in articulation ; forcible in deUvery, with a
sweet mellow voice, and commanding personal appear
ance." See Finch's Sermons, p. 14.
Maemaduke Williams died . . . Oct. 29th.
Eichaed Dobbs Spaight died.
Jackson, Madison and Yadkin Counties
formed.

chronology of NOETH CAEOLINA. 69
Bank of Washington incorporated.
Bank of Wadesborough incorporated.
Neuse Eiver Navigation Co. incorporated.
The following beautiful lines on the death of Hon. J.
C. Calhoun, were written by William W. Holden, Esq.,
of Ealeigh. 'Mr. Calhoun died March 3l8t.
" The voyager on the southern main
Views with rapt awe the hallowed sign
Which nightly flames ' beyond the line,'
Nor deems the labor all in vain
Which brings him to that long sought shrine.
" The various tribes, in field, by flood,
Walk in its light when day is done,
And haU it in its high abode,
Best reflex of the absent sun.
" In all their devious wanderings.
From dewy eve through midnight's reign,
It guides them till the morning's wings
Shed sunlight o'er the earth again.
" What if that cross ita front should veil.
And darkling sink in night's embrace,
Nor other stars nor sun could fill
Or share ita wondrous dwelling place ?
" Star of the South ! 'twas thus with thee.
To thee all eyes and hearts were turned
As round thy path, from plain to sea.
The glory of thy greatness burned.
" Millions were drawn to thee and bound.
By mind's high mastery millions hailed
In thee a guide-star, and ne'er found
A ray in thee that waned or failed.

70 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
" Fixed as that sign which hangs iu heaven.
Firm as the earth it shines upon.
Pure aa the snow by light winds driven,
Wert thou, Columbia's honored son.
" No night's embrace for thee nor pall
But such as mortal hand hath wrought ;
Thou livest still in mind, in all
That breathes, or speaks, or lives in thought.
" Star of the South, thy beams are here.
Here in this heart that weeps thy loss ;
Though hidden, thou art still a sphere.
Serene, refined from earthly dross.
Eternal and intensely clear.''
1851.
Hon. Augustus Mooee died in April.
1853.
Hezekiah G. Leigh, D.D., died . . Sept. 18th.
In the chapel of Eandolph Macon CoUege, Yirginia,
inserted in the wall on the left of the rostrum is a mar
ble cenotaph bearing the following inscription :
" Sacred
to the memory of
EEY. HEZEKIAH G. LEIGH, D.D.
He was born in Perquimans Co., N. C, Nov. 23, 1793,
professed conversion in 1817,
joined the Yirginia Conference in 1818."
1854.
Bank of Clarendon, Fayetteville, incorporated.
Bank of Wilmington, N. C, incorporated.
Wilson, Polk and Harnet Counties formed.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 71
Hon. Eobeet Strange died . . . Feb. 19th.
Judge Strange occupied various positions of power
and usefulness in North Carolina ; he was in the United
States Senate from 1837 to 1841 ; was Judge of the
Superior Court from 1826 to 1836, and was when he
died Solicitor of the Fifth Judicial District, N. C.
Eev. Evan E. Freeman died . . . April 8th.
Eev. Evan E. Freeman was born in Granville County,
August 15, 1820 : was converted to God and joined the
M. E. Church in 1839 ; entered the itinerant Methodist
ministry in 1843 ; and died in Pittsylvania, Ya., April
8th, 1854.
Eev. James McFaeland died . . . July 17th.
The Eev. James McFarland was born Feb. 22d, 1813,
in Mecklenburg County, N. C, and in early life re
raoved with his parents to Tennessee and settled in
Haywood County. In the autumn of 1831, he professed
conversion and joined the M. E. Church ; he was
licensed to preach in 1834, and continued to labor with
great acceptabUity and usefulness, fii'st as an itinerant,
and then as presiding elder, up to near the time of his
death.
Eev. P. C. Beowdee died .... July 31st.
The Eev. P. C. Browder was born in IredeU County,
Sept. 2d, 1824 ; was licensed to preach in 1850; in 1851,
was married to Miss M. E., daughter of the Eev. John
Watts, an amiable and pious lady ; he labored faithfully
and successfully in the rainistry until he was prostrated

72 chronology of north Carolina.
by sickness on 22d July, 1854 ; he suffered extremely
until the 31st., when he breathed his last. He died in
peace with God and all the world.
Samuel Patton, D.D., died . . . August.
Dr. Patton was bom in Lancaster District, S. C,
January 27, 1797 ; was licensed to preach in 1819, from
which time he continued to grow in grace and popular
favor. He was, in October, 1825, appointed presiding
elder ; in 1846, he was chosen editor of the " Holston
Christian Advocate," in which work he was faithfully
engaged until his death. Mr. Patton travelled and
preached several years in the western part of the State.
For the four preceding sketches I am indebted to the
" Annals of Southern Methodism for 1855," by Eev. C.
F. Deems of N. C. 1855.
Dr. S. B. EvERiTT died .... May 31st.
Nathaniel M. Carrington died . . Dec. 3d.
Alston A. Jones died .... Dec. 12th.
1856.
Mrs. Fanny Pearce, of Fayetteville, N. C,
died in the 68th year of her age . . April 16th.
Col. Willie M. Nelson died . . . April 18th.
Edwaed Outlaw died .... May 30th.
Nathaniel M. Alston died . . . June 2d.
Hon. John D. Eccles died . . . June I5th.
Edwaed Moeeoock died .... July 13th.
Eev. William J. Paeks died . . . July 21st.
Major Benjamin M. Selby died . . June 16th.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 73
Mrs. Serena Cox, of Onslow County, died,
aged 81 . ,  June 30th.
N. C.'Eailroad completed.
Mrs. Susan Alexandee died ... June 12th.
The following is from the " North Carolina Argus,"
June 21st, 1856 : " Mrs. Susan Alexander, of Eevolu
tionary memory, departed this life in Mecklenburg
County on the 12th insL The ' Charlotte Whig' believes
she was the only remaining relict (in that community)
of ' the times that tried men's souls.' ''

Hon. John D. Toomer died , , , Sept. 27th.
The following is from the " Wilmington Commercial"
of October 3d, 1856:
" Death of Judge Toomee. — It is our duty to an
nounce the death of Judge Toomer, aged 72 years,
which occurred recently at his residence near Pittsboro'.
We are among the many who personally knew his
worth. No man in this or any other country exhibited
through all his life greater purity of character, or more
consistency in all that is amiable and praiseworthy.
With a generous, benevolent and sympathetic heart, he
combined learning and eloquence in an eminent degree.
We look for a proper tribute of respect to his memory
and a record of his public and private worth, to some
other pen. For ourselves, we have always thought
that official titles or positions added no dignity to
Mv. Toomer. When we heard the name of John
D. Toomer, there arose to our perceptions a character
«ntitied to our affection, respect and admiration."
4

74 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1857.
Hon. Peeston S. Beooks, of South Carolina,
died  Jan. 27th.
The following lines are to his memory by a North
Carolinian :
" The golden bowl by death is broke,
A pitcher burst in twain.
The cistern wheel has felt the stroke,
The noble Brooks is slain.
'Star of the South,' thy tongue is^tillv
A nation mourns for thee :
Who will, who can, thy station fill ;
Who can so noble be ?
Thou wert Columbia's honored son,
A patriot in deed ;
A friend to thy dear native home,
The South — a friend in need.
Boldly her rights thou hadst maintained
Through nature's darkest frown.
On earth a wreath of laurels gained^
In heaven a starry crown.
"Bhallotte, N. C, March, 185Y."
Hon. William Hill died .... Oct. 29th,
The following sketch is from a November (1857) num
ber of the " North Carolina Standard :"
"The Late William Hill. — ^In our last we briefly
announced the death of William Hill, Secretary of State.
His funeral took place at the M. E. Church, in this city,
on Friday last, and was attended by a large concourse
of people. The public offices at the Capitol, and the
principal places of business throughout the city, were
closed, as a mark of respect for the deceased. The
funeral services were conducted by Eev. Mr. Wheeler,

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 7o
the minister in charge, who preached an impressive
sermon from the following text : ' For I know that my
Eedeemer liveth, and that He shaU stand at the latter
day upon the earth: and though, after my skin, worms
destroy this body, yet- in my fiesh shall I see God.' —
Job, ch. 19 : vs. 25, 26.
" Partly from facts furnished us, and partly from our
own knowledge, we are enabled to give the foUowing
brief biography of the deceased :
" William HiU was born in Surrey (now Stokes) Coun
ty, N. C, on the 23d of September, 1773, and died in
Ealeigh on the 29th of October, 1857, being 84 years,
1 month and 6 days old.
" Of his early life little is known beyond the few brief
reminiscences occasionally narrated by himself. His
father, who removed from Caroline County, Ya., was a
Baptist minister, a sterling patriot and an honest man.
During the war of the Eevolution, his stirring appeals
stimulated the Whigs of his section. He was a chaplain
in the American army at the battle of GuUford Court
House. His son William was then about eight years
old, and he well recollected hearing the roar of the
artillery, being only four miles distant from the field of
battle. He has been heard to relate that a short time
prior to this battle, a band of Tories caUed at his father's
house, where he and his mother were, and inquired for
his father. On being told that he was not at home
they departed, avowing their intention to hang him if
they found him. He had incurred their hate by his
devotion to the patriot cause. He was a member of the
Convention that mpt at Hillsborough in August, 1T75,
to improvise a system of government for the State. The

76 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
maiden name of his wife, tbe mother of the subject of
this memoir, was Eliza Halbert. She was a native of
Caroline County, Ya.
" The late Secretary had in youth but limited educa
tional facilities. He followed the plough for several
months during the year to obtain money sufficient to
pay his tuition at school the remainder of the year. At
the early age of sixteen he taught school, thus improv
ing his mind while he earned a livelihood.
" In the month of July, 1795, having obtained a letter
of introduction from Mark Hardin, Esq., of Chapel Hill,
afterwards Major Hardin, to James Glasgow, then
Secretary of State, he came to Ealeigh and entered his
(Glasgow's) office as a clerk. Associated with him in
the like capacity was William White, Esq., who suc
ceeded Glasgow in office in 1798. He continued in the
same position under Secretary White until about Janu
ary, 1803, when he was married to Miss Sarah, daughter
of Col. John Geddy. Col. G. was a staunch Whig. He
was captured by the British and imprisoned for a long
time in Charleston, S. C. He was a member of the first
Convention of the people held in the State on the 25th
of August, 1774, at New Berne ; also of the Convention
held at Hillsborough on the 21st of August, 1775 ; and
he represented Halifax County in the State Legislature
from 1774 to 1835.
" A son and four daughters, all now living, were the
fruits of this marriage. His wife died on the 14th of
February, 1833. A short time after his marriage, he
engaged in the mercantile business at Haywood, Chat
ham County, where he remained but a short time, re
turning to Ealeigh during the year 1804. Here, for a
whUe, he followed the same pursuit, at Eichard Smith's

OHEONOLOGY OF' NOETH CAEOLINA. 77
old sland, Mr. Sraith being then his clerk. At the ses
sion of the Legislature of 1804r-6 he was appointed a
magistrate for Wake County. At the February term of
the court of pleas and quarter sessions in tlie year 1806,
he was elected Eegister of the county ; and at February
term, 1807, he was elected County Court Clerk, which
office he held until he was elected Secretary of State in
November, 1811, succeeding William White, who died
in October, 1811.
" In the year 1834 or 1835, he again married. His
second wife was Mrs. Frances C. Blount, relict of Joseph
Bloimt, Esq., of Chowan County. Her maiden name
was Conner. She is a lineal descendant from John
Archdale, a Quaker, who succeeded Philip Ludwell as
Governor of Carolina in the year 1694. By this mar
riage there was no issue. She is still living.
" At the burning of the old Capitol, in 1831, Mr. HUl
succeeded, by strenuous exertions, in preserving the
records of his office, and had them removed to what is
now the site of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. By labor
ing incessantly, he succeeded in arranging all his papers
before the meeting of the Legislature.
" He held the office of Secretary of State, through all
the mutations of party, to the day of his death.
"Mr. HiU joined the M. E. Church in 1811, when
Bishops Ashbury and McKendree preached in the old
State House. He was baptized privately, by immersion.
There was then no church building in Ealeigh. The
first church built here was that of Eev. Mr. Glendening,
a Unitarian, and the building is now used as a shop. It
is situated on Hargett street, near the shop of David
Eoyster, sen. The next church was the Presbyterian,
and the next the Methodist. The only person now

78 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
living in Ealeigh who joined the church with Mr. Hill,
is Wesley Whitaker, sen.
" Mr. Hill was a sincere Christian. His leading
characteristics were fidelity, industry, simplicity, hon
esty, integrity, benevolence and charity. But for the
two last named virtues he might have amassed wealth.
He was for many years a class leader and steward in
the church of which he was a member. There was no
gloom nor austerity in his religion. He was ever cheer
ful. He looked with leniency upon the failings of
others, and never spoke harshly of them. Eegular as
was his attendance at the sanctuary, his strict observ
ance of private duty was equally unremitting and
methodical. Method, indeed, was one of his most
prominent characteristics, and one of the main causes of
his success in life. It is related of him that often on
Saturday evenings, when he supposed no eye was on
him except that of his God, he would kneel in his office
at the Capitol to return thanks for mercies past, and to
implore the Divine blessing upon the approaching Sab
bath. He was distinguished in a remarkable degree for
his uniform kindness and cordiality in his intercourse
with his fellow -men. He was a man of naturally strong
feelings, but he learned to control them. He was de
cided in his political principles — no trimmer or time-
server, but he always treated others as he wished to
be treated himself. It is believed that he never voted,
either in county or State elections, to turn out an officer
who had done his duty. It was owing to the fact that
he was a good officer, an honest man, and a kind and
courteous gentleman, and not that he courted favor by
cringing to party, that he held his office so long. All
esteemed him — none doubted his capacity or his fidelity

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 79-
" When a good man dies, any incident, however tri
vial, illustrative of his charater, is eagerly sought and
treasured up by those who loved or admired him ; and
the following anecdote occasionally related by Mr. HiU
himself, will not be without interest. By it he incul
cated, both as a pleasure and a duty, a constant regard
for the feelings of others and unvarying kindness and
courtesy to all with whom he should chance to meet.
He remarked that he who did this was often rewarded,
even in this world.
"Many years ago he journeyed to Tennessee, then an
almost unbroken forest. At that time it was a perUous
undertaking. Eobberies were by no means uncommon,
and Indian outrages were of irequent occurrence. The
passage of the mountains, too, was fraught with danger,
as there were but few roads, and they almost impas
sable. While there he met a widow lady with an
infant, left by her husband's death in a land of strangers,
friendless and alone. She was endeavoring to make her
way back to her relatives in CaroUna. Obedient to the
generous impulses of his nature, he endeavored to secure
her comfort and to shield her as far as he could, from
the hardships incident to the journey, frequently carry-
in »• her infant for hours in his arms. In 1811, when a
candidate for the office he so long and worthily fiUed,
he was opposed by a gentleman of deserved popularity
and powerful family influence. Twice they received
each an equal number of votes. Several members of
the legislature were confined to their rooms by sickness,
and a committee was appointed to visit them and obtain
their votes. One of these gentlemen, a brother of the
widow above mentioned, but an entire stranger to Mr.
Hill, recollected hearing his sister speak of the kindness

80 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA,
shown her by him, and cast his vote, on that account,
for William HiU. That one vote secured his election.
" Mr. Hill had two brothers, one of whom^ is still
living. The other was at the battle of the Horse Shoe,
under General Jackson, and was called by the Indians
' Captain Big John HiU.' He has been dead several
years." In conclusion we append an article, published sev
eral years ago in the " AsheviUe Messenger," written bj
its editor, James M. Edney, Esq. :
" William Hill, Seceetaey op State. — Perhaps
there is not a gentleman in North Carolina who has
held office so long, or given as general satisfaction to the
whole State, through its representatives and his private
business intercourse, as the one whose name stands at
the head of this article. James Glasgow was the first
Secretary of the State of North Carolina after the De
claration of Independence. He held that office till
1798, and was succeeded by WiUiam White, who held
it till removed by death in 1811, when the present
Secretary took possession of an office that he has held
without interruption, over forty years ! ever faithful,
ever at his post. Mr. Hill was born in Surrey County,
on Dan Eiver, in 1773, we believe, and was first recom
mended to consideration by a letter (now in the Se
cretary's office), from Mark Hardin to Glasgow. His
father was a Baptist. Amid all the changes of politieal
strife, the contention, ascendency and overthrow of par
ties in the State, and the consequent scrambling for
office, the finger of proscription has never been applied
to this now venerable citizen and faithful public
servant. In glancing at the order in which he has the
books and papers pertaining to his office arranged, while

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 81
paying him a visit in June last, we were struck with
the order, precision, and methodical arrangement of
everything belonging to this important public office.
After years of labor, he has just completed the arrange
ment of every book and paper in his office in alphabeti
cal order. He begins with the counties commencing at
A and going through, then he takes up the names in the
same order ; then in^the file of his papers, he takes up
the years beginning with the first records at 1694. The
counties are arranged from 1735, and State papers
from 1776. A reference may be now had by him to
anything pertaining to the history of the State and the
Colony, that has been preserved, in a moment's time,
for the last 157 years, now shrouded in the gloom of by
gone days, and many and singular and woeful are the
musty records that are now imprisoned and speechless
upon his shelves. The first grants given by the State
of North Carolina, were dated in 1777. Mr. Hill is
now in a green old age, and has little to hope from the
pleagures of this fleeting world, more than that con
sciousness which is of more value than gold, of having
honestly and faithfully performed^ his part upon the
stage of human action, with an eye single to truth,
honesty, and the glory of his God. His probation
upon tbe confines of this earth is fast approaching that
point, ' where the good man meets his fate,' and
evinces to the world the excellence of religion and the
blissful reward of a virtuous and consistent course of
conduct. Such men are a blessing to the world in life,
glorify their Creator in death, and leave the world the
better for having lived in it, and their friends ' not
without hope.' Mr. Hill has long been a faithful at
tendant, a sincere worshipper, and a consistent member
4*

82 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
of the Methodist Church. Long may he live to adorn
her communion, and spread abroad in society the sweet
influences of virtue, honor,, and religion ; and when he
dies, may his exit be calm, triumphant, and peaceful,
for " ' Death is the crown of life ;
Were death denied, poor man would live in vain ;
Death wounds to cure ; we fall, we rise, we reign.
Spring from our fetters, fasten to the skies.
Where blooming Eden withers from our sight.
The King of Terrors is the Prince of Peace.' "
WAEM EPEINGS — PAINTED EOCK  CHIMNEYS.
These celebrated Springs are situated in old Buncombe
(now Madison) County, on the French Broad, thirty-
six miles below Asheville, and have long been known
and extensively resorted to by Southerners during the
summer months. The following is taken from the
" Asheville Messenger" of 1850 :
" These Springs boil up in various places, in a low
flat piece of ground immediately oij the margins,
or banks of French Broad and Spring Creek, two
beautiful and limpid streams of crystal cold water.
The temperature of the warm water of the springs is
105°, sufficiently hot to kill a fish or snake in three
minutes! These Springs were discovered some time
anterior to 1800. They were first owned by William
Neilson, senior, as early perhaps as 1804; afterwards
by his son, I believe, and then by Captain Garrett, of
South Carolina, who purchased them about 1817 : he
held them ten years ; then Mr. G. K. Sisney owned
them for four years, when in 1831 thej^ became" the pro
perty of Janaes Patton, and have been used, owned,
and occupied by James W. and John E. Patton, his

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 83
sons, ever since. These gentlemen have greatly im
proved and popularized them. The present building is
a most beautiful one ; 230 feet long, two stories high,
with a piazza fi:pnting the river, studded with thirteen
massive columns, 20 feet iu height. The dining-room is
40 by 80 feet ; the bar, ball, and dancing rooms are aU
airy, spacious, and comfortable. In addition to this,
there are six other small brick buildings for families
and single gentlemen, all beautifully situated on a level
surface or green lawn, in a fine grove of locust and
other forest trees, set out by the proprietors. The estab
lishment accommodates comfortably two hundred and
fifty persons, and two hundred and forty can be seated
at the dining tables at one time. The improvements
were made at great expense, and the main building,
with a stable 60 by 160 feet, were burned down, Sept.
18, 1838 ; but, by great efforts, were re-opened July 1,
1839. The largest number of visitors was from 1833 to
1838. The great 'panic' then came on, new springs
were discovered, which, with other causes, greatly les
sened the number annually. Last year, 1849, was the
most prosperous for many. The proprietors erected a
good bridge across the river in 1832, and rebuilt it in
1842. The French Broad at this point is about 420 feet
in width, tolerably rapid and at one place quite deep.
The buildings are beautifully located, 60 yards from the
river ; a beautiful lawn, gravel walks, etc., intervening.
In the rear, a large scope of finely-cultivated lands ap
pear, which are gradually succeeded by sloping hills
and towering mountains. Yisitors will always here
find all the luxuries of fine air, fine water, fish, venison,
and whatever else the country affords.
" The Vicinity. — ^The vicinity around the Springs is

84 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
grand and picturesque. ' Mountain Island,' two miles
above the Springs on tbe main road, is one of the pret
tiest we have ever seen ; it is perhaps half a mile in
length, and is really a little mountain, -carpeted and de
corated with all that rich variety of evergreens, forest
trees, shrubbery, flowers, etc., which nature so lavishly
bestows on our mountains generally. The river below
is smooth, deep, narrow, and polished as a mirror for
some distance, when it breaks up, as above, into beau
tiful, dashing, sparkling cascades. The ' Paint ' or
^Painted Rock,' properly, is five miles below, and is on
the line between Buncombe and the ' Old North Btate,'
and Tennessee. On this rock, about twenty feet from
the ground or road, is what resembles red paint, in
irregular curvatures or lines ; these face the river and
the road, and have been much mutilated by inquisitive
visitors. This rock is about 200 feet in height, formed
of regular strata, which seem to have been jarred or
broken, by some terrible jjressure, into pieces or seams
of every imaginable size, horizontally and perpendicu
larly, east and west, north and south ; parts of which
are perpendicular from and others actually hang over
the road, astonishing the beholder below ; and well it
may, for portions of it occasionally fall off into the road
or river. The top of this rock may be easily attained
from the north side.
"Winding our way along the margin of this most wild
and restless foaming river, we reach, after another mile's
journey, what are called the ' Chimneys.' About a quarter
of a mile before doing so, the road seems to be hedged up
entirely, and an outlet to the visitant seems impossible,
as the river spreads out to a great widtii, and dashes up
its spray— apparently for a great distance — directiy

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 85
against the ' Chimneys;' but by pressing on, as in climb
ing winding stairs, there is a way opened for him, and
he soon finds himself standing ' on a narrow neck of
land,' built up of stones and dirt by human hands, and
upon his left, the beautiful but wild and terrific French
Broad, leaping and dashing in its onward career for the
great Father of Waters ; and upon his right, rising pre
cipitously and perpendicularly to the astonishing height
of 400 feet, stand, in their natural sublimity and gran
deur, the far-famed ' Chimneys.' At the highest point,
broken and disjointed, rocks stand out as if unsustained
in mid-air, and the least motion would send them di
rectly into the road, which, at some points, does not
exceed 12 feet in width ! rendering this the last place
we should want to cry out for ' mountains and rocks to
fall on us,' unless we wished to depart ! We have crept
under the Niagara Falls, and listened with awe and
solemn veneration to their unceasing thunders ; wan
dered about the Devil's Hole, visited the Hickory-Nut
Falls, Table Eock, and a thousand other wonderful
manifestations of natural sublimity ; but have never
seen anything in the shape of a rock that penetrated
further into the sublime than do portions of the ' Chim
neys' These rocks, like the ' Painted,' seem to have
been formed by (to use ,a new phrase) the rock-forma
tion process, and to have been shivered to atoms by
some master-stroke of volcanic thunder ! So much is
this the case that thousands of pieces, in square, dia
mond, oblong, and almost every conceivable shape,
have fallen off or out, and are scattered in every direc
tion below, and are composed of almost every species,
from white flint to soft sandstone. Yarious scribblers
have exposed their names on these rocks, which may be

86 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
considered as decaying mementoes of departed 'greens.'
The hills and crags near by are great resorts for the
turkey buzzard ; these congregate here, especially at
night, in great numbers, and ' waste their sweetness on
the desert air.' The sight of the Chimneys, from the op
posite side of the river, is a most charming one. The ap
proach to the Springs from Asheville covers almost every
species of beautiful scenery. It is remarkable that on
the north side of the river, all the way down, the water
from the Springs is particularly warm and bad ; on the
other side, good. Two miles below the Springs, there
is an exception — on the north side ; here there is a good
spring. On our way down we met 373 head of Ken
tucky cattle in one drove ; and at the Springs saw in
another drove, four hundred ducks ! We leave the
reader to judge whether these latter were of the ' cold
water cure^ or the ' quack ' fraternity ! But to the
French Broad, beautiful and lonely stream, I turn, and
turning, repeat the verses of Moore :
" ' Oh, I have thought, and thinking, sighed.
How like to thee, thou restless tide.
May be the lot, the life of him.
Who roams along thy water's brim ;
Through what alternate shades of woe.
And flowers of joy, ¦my path shall go !
How many an humble, ^till retreat.
May rise to court my weary feet.
While still pursuing, still unblest,
I wander on, nor dare to rest.'
Flow on, thou beautiful river, and bear on thy palpitat
ing bosom the dew-drops of ' Pisgah' the tears of the
far-famed '¦Black,' and the gushing rills of Old Bun
combe's thousand hillsides, as pure and spotless as the
hearts that innocently throb in the angelic bosoms of

CHEONOLOGY OP NOETH CAEOLINA. 87
your numberless and charming daughters ; till you,
like they, shall, after Ufe's fitful visions and destined
journey are ended, rest in the haven of your last re
pose ; one the mirror of earth, the other the light of
heaven." llh-om the "AsheviUe MesseTiyer," ISST.]
THE BLACK MOUNTAIN.
The Black Mountain ! Who has not heard of it ?
Who among us has not seen it? Who that does not
desire to see it and be upon it ? Standing, as it does, a
full head and shoulders above any mountain in America
east of the Eocky Mountains — and it would do no dis
credit to the standing, elevation and character of any
one west of them, if " Buncomhe" is its mother and
Yancy its godfather ! Above the dark blue sea, whose
waters never rest, its summit sleeps in undisturbed
serenity and composure, at an elevation of 6,672 feet ;
and whilst the sea rocks, washes and scours the great
bulk of the known world, it rises, like some tall cliff,
with a grandeur and sublimity that defies competition ;
it opens the rain clouds, peers out above the storm,
husbands the ice and snows of winter, gives life and
beauty to a perpetual green verdure, carpets itself
with a dark green moss, is first to challenge the admira
tion of the sun and last to witness his departure, receiv
ing the first and last kisses of his golden rays at mom
and even. Who would not stand upon the top of such
an honored and time-worn patriarch and view a land
scape, from centre to circumference, which for its beauty,
variety, extent and sublimity, is, perhaps, in unadorned
nature, unsurpassed by any in the known world ? There

88 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
are not many reading persons who have not heard of it ;
not a great many among us who have not bad glirnpses
of it from some point; but there are bundreds and
thousands who were born and have been raised within
thirty miles of it, who know as little about it (more than
that it is the " Black Mountain"), as they do about the
"mountahi in the moon" and without being particu
lar, we were among the number, though old enough for
king, priest, patriarch, or president ! We had for years
desired to wipe off the reproach ; but one misfortune
and another deprived us of the opportunity till Thurs
day, the 23d of October, 1851, when, after failing to
induce several friends to accompany us, on account of
the cold, the weather being a little frosty, we mounted
our " hall against the field," swung the " Alpine horn "
about us, and in company with Mr. A. S. Merrimon,
we struck the " winding way," chiming to ourselves :
" Away ! away ! to the mountain brow.
Where the streams are gently laving ;
Away! away!" etc.
We left Asheville at 10 o'clock a.m., and with a
moderate ride reached the " Lodge," a handsome im
provement made at " Whitaker's Spring," on a spur of
the Black Mountain, twenty-four miles from Asheville,
at 6 P.M., having secured on the way the services of
Mr. Jesse Stepp, as guide. Here, after gazing for some
time with an almost bewildered astonishment upon the
grandeur of the scene, the general beauty of the site,
the improvements in that wild and terrific, mountainous,
howling wilderness, and more particularly upon the
indescribable grandeur — the heaven-inspiring beauty

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA. 89
and more than earthly splendor of (if we may be al
lowed the expression) the foliage of a golden sun,
setting in a clear sky, and whose disc had just dropped,
like a globe of molten gold, into a sea of liquid silver
behind a blue mountain, throwing up to heaven the
bright rays of the two, the gold preponderating below,
the silver above, in such a beautiful softness and deli
cacy, that a fresh blown rose in the month of August
would have blushed and hung its head to its mother
earth at the sight. Such a scene we may gaze upon,
but cannot describe. Eaphael, Titian, Angelo or Eem-
brandt, could they have witnessed it, would have cast
their brushes to the four winds, their colors to the earth,
sighed for immortality, given up the ghost in despair,
and been buried, like Aaron, on a "high mountain" in
the suburbs of this new earthly Jerusalem, where the
plaintive requiem of the heavenly winds would have
chanted their funeral dirge to the end of time. We
partook of a plain repast, found our thermometer at
thirty-four, retired to rest, and at half-past four the next
morning got up and prepared for the ascent. Starting
at a quarter before five, we made our way up the steeps
of the mountain, keeping the winding of the only path
on it, under tbe dark foliage of the millions of balsam
trees that cover it like a cloak for miles, as best we
could ; now in it, and now out ; but " Excelsior " was
inscribed on our hearts, and we were determined to
reach " Mitchell's Peak" which is the highest point,
by sunrise. After we made the first long ascent, we
gained the main ridge, leading to the "¦Potato Top."
next in height to the Black ; this we kept for some dis
tance, and then turned to the left, making a direct
charge for the main top, .and though the ground was

90 CHRONOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
crusted and icy, perspiration flowed freely ; but o'er
rock, and crag, and earth, and moss, on, on, " onward
and upward," we went, toiling to make the ascent on
one side, while the sun was bursting out from the eye
lids of morning with the velocity of lightning, to make
his brilliant appearance upon the other ! Occasionally
we gave a blast from our " horn" which, though else
where clear and shrill, somehow had here lost its voice,
and it fell powerless as one's breath against a strong
wind ; we listened in vain for the echo, and if it ever
found a home, it was in heaven, as our favorite song
says: " And again, shall echo in heaven again."
Perhaps it did ; but we can't say. Diamonds and pearls
are found by deep diving ; gold and brilliants by hard
digging ; heaven bj'' a long, boisterous journey ; almost
everything valuable by hard labor, perseverance, or
rigid application, in some way ; so is the summit of this
beautiful mountain reached by a most tedious, circuit
ous, steep, long and tiresome ascent ; but at every turn
new beauties enliven the scene and inspirit the pilgrim
on his way to this prince of " Meccas." At last, we were
ushered into an open plain, of some four or five acres,
perfectl}' destitute of everything except grass, and the
cold air struck us very sensibly while passing through
it; into the dark balsam forest we once more dashed,
and in two or three minutes we shouted " Eurelia !" for
we stood upon the pinnacle of one of the highest moun
tains in America, and very considerably nearer heaven
than we ever expected to be while editor of a country
newspaper! But so it was, and so was it -once (editor
excepted), with his brimstone majesty ! The atmos-

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 91
phere was clear and beautiful, nothing to mar the sight
but a long, white and variegated cloud, that stretched
itself like a curtain across, over, before and behind the
hills and mountain peaks below us, which was occa
sioned by the burning of the woods on the Swannanoa
side. We planted our guns, mounted the highest rock,
and had hardly time to look round — a moment had not
passed — till " the glorious and beautiful sun of the
njorning" peered up from the dappled east, with a
"brightness of glory," a dazzling brilliancy, an inde
scribable splendor, a fiery flashing, that baffles all
description, and that we have seen nowhere elge upon
earth or water— though we have often watched his ris
ing and setting at sea ; have seen him from hillside,
from valley, from mountain and from plain, but never
before did we see him as from the "Black Mountain ;"
never did we behold him literally "taking the wings of
the morning, and flying to the uttermost parts of the
earth," gilding with a thousand hues the whole area in
his gorgeous flight ; and though we did not realize that
we were " in the mountain of his holiness," nor at " the
city of our God," yet we felt that " the God who rules
on high" is a terrible, a mighty God in his majesty, his
handiworks, and his omnipotence, and we involuntarily
exclaimed, " Great are thy wondrous works !" In this
instance we did not behold " His footsteps in the sea ;"
nor see him " riding on the storm," yet we saw him
shooting his moral light from hill to hill, from rnountain
to mountain, and from valley to valley, waking up, call
ing to action millions of his creatures. Under these
reflections, we turned and saw the rays of his sun dash
ing from mountain to mountain ; now here, now there ;
tipping this peak, glancing that cliff, yon precipice,- that

92 CHEONOLOGY OP NOETH CAEOLINA.
hillside ; and anon, as with one blaze, he spread his
omnipotence o'er the whole scene, leaving nothing, as
far as the eye could see, upon which his rays and his
brightness did not fall. We fixed our eye, like an eagle,
steadfastly on him, and there seemed to be a fiery fiash
ing, a brilliant revolution going on, increasing in velo
city and brightness, not round and round, but from the
circumference to the centre, that we never before wit
nessed — it seemed to be a rolling up of his brightness,
yet an increase of his light. Higher and higher he as
cended, and now the mists began to clear away in the
distance, and one object and another in rapid succession
presented themselves, till we thought of the poet when
he said :

" And still new beauties may I see,
And still increasing light ;"

and so it was, for in the east our eyes glanced rapidly
upon the Blue Eidge, Table Mountain, Hawk Bill,
Brushy Mountain, the Grandfather, Turkey Cock, and
a multitude of others, apparently rising in the distance
till the ground became one vast plain, as level, as blue,
as beautiful as the sea ; on the north, the Bald, the
Tennessee, and the Paint Mountain, were glistening in
the sun ; on the west, the Craggy, the French Broad
Eange, Pisgah, Hog Back, Looking-Glass, Glassy, etc.,
studded the picture ; on the south, the highest peak of
the AUeghanies, the " Pinnacles," Eocky Knob, Slaty,
Grey Beard, Bear Wallow, Sugar Loaf, and a hundred
others, appeared in every imaginable hue, and measur
ing and filling every descriptive height. From this
point may be seen, on the east, and immediately under
it, the rise of the Toe Eiver, and just beyond, the beau-

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 93
tiful Catawba ; on the north, Caney Eiver ; on the west.
Ivy and Laurel; on the south, the limpid Swannanoa,
whose waters help to swell the mighty Mississippi.
We made the ascent from the " Lodge," by a press
ing walk, in forty minutes. We then climbed the
highest balsam, on the highest point, with our head two
feet above its highest twig, and with Mr. Merrimon in
another, we gave, in succession, three cheers each, for
the United States, Millard Fillmore and William A.
Graham, the Old North State, Professor Mitchell, Moun
tain Boys and Buncombe Lasses ! After which, at the
top of our voice, and that topped everything else just
there, we sang, alone and " in our glory," Hail Colum
bia, The Old North State, and Some Love to Eoam, etc.
As trophies, we took the two top twigs and descended,
having realized " glory enough for one day ;" and to do
something for so great a place, and to immortalize our-
self, we have engaged Mr. Stepp, at our own expense,
to open an avenue on the extreme edge of the precipice,
and entirely round the next highest point southeast of
the Potato Top, to which nothing has ever been done,
and it is almost impossible now to penetrate it ; yet it
is the most precipitous, terrible, and presents one of the
finest southern and eastern views of any point from the
mountain; and it will be one of the most beautiful and
picturesque views yet made accessible on these wonder
ful, heaven-ascending and magnificent mountains. It is
soon to be completed, and will be well worth a visit
from every pilgrim who climbs those heights. We say
now, as one of old, " go and see, for the half has not
been told you," and it never can be. Go and see the
"Black." Go.
The only inhabitants we saw on these high points

94 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
were pheasants, cross bills, (a merry little bird, whose
bill crosses, and compels him to turn his head aside
when he picks up his food) and mountain boomers, a
sort of squirrel. Hogs are deterred from ever pushing
their snouts to this height, owing to the warm and affec
tionate embraces they have doubtless often met with
here from "Bruin," who lords it in these dark recesses,
in his own way, and sets everything at defiance.
After feasting our eyes to intoxication, we made our
way back and ascended the Potato Top. In making
the trip up the Swannanoa, this mountain stands square
across in front of the Black, and entirely hides it from
sight, and is so called by its highest point resembling a
bunch oi Irish potato tops ; the Black derived its name
from the- everlasting hlack appearance it presents, by
being covered with balsam both winter and summer.
From the Potato Top, a most picturesque eastern and
western view presents itself, including the Catawba,
Toe Eiver, Swannanoa and Homony Yalleys. Marion,
Morganton, and Burnsville can be seen from the Black.
On the Potato Top, one may stand in a moment in the
counties of Burke, McDowell, Buncombe and Yancy,
all of which corner 'there. The contrast between the
Black and the Craggy, both of which lock arms, is
strikingly beautiful. The former ever stknds in its dark,
precipitous, gloomy and sombre hue ; the latter, with
its beautifully sloped and curved top, its numerous
pointed and peaked ridges, some of which are naked
and barren, others wearing heavy foliage, and the whole
presenting quite a lively and animated appearance,
though of a bronzed and greyish hue. We took a long,
lingering look all round and commenced the descent,
and at 9 o'clock we were seated at the " Lodge," erected

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 95
by William Patton, to a repast for which we had an
unusual relish. At 10, we commenced the descent,
and at 12 reached Mr. Sepp's, and partook of a most
sumptuous dinner, at a table graced by a handsome,
sprightly lass, daughter of our host. At 6^ p.m., we
were pleasantly seated at our own table, fatigued, but
delighted with our two days' journey.
BUNCOMBE MEN.
The publisher, by permission of the author, finding,
after this work was mostly in type, that a few pages
would be wanting to give it proper form, hastily, and
without the possibility of consulting either persons or
papers, wrote out, from a bad memory and amid a mul
tiplicity of busineiss engagements, the following sketches
of a few of those deserving notice in a work like this
who were among the first and the useful citizens of the
" good old State of B-uncomhe," " away out West." The
particulars in the notices of George Swain, Andrew
Erwin, and Eev. George Newton he obtained from
Hon. D. L. Swain, who has a greater collection of inci
dents in the history of his* own State than any man in it,
and who, it is hoped, at some future day, will be able to
place them in permanent^ form, for the benefit of pos
terity. For want of proper data, he has placed these
Buncombe sketches in this part of the work, under one
head, with the exception of the above mentioned, which
appear under date of 1766— only one of them, Mr. Mills,
properly belonging there — but owing to delay in receiv
ing manuscript, the others were put there in order to
meet a necessity in printing the work.
David L. (son of George) Swain was born in the

96 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
neighborhood of Asheville, on the 4th of January, 1801.
He was prepared for college at Newton Academy, en
tered the junior class in the University in August, 1822,
where, on account of ill health and narrowness of re
sources, he remained only a few weeks.
He read law under the direction of the late John
Lewis Taylor, Chief Justice of North Carolina, was
licensed to practice in the County Courts in June, 1823,
and in the Superior Courts in January, 1825.
He represented Buncombe County, in the House of
Commons, in 1824, 1825, and 1826. In 1827 he was
the Solicitor of the Edenton Circuit. He resigned the
office at the close of the spring circuit, returned to the
House of Commons in 1828, and closed his legislative
career in 1829. In 1830 he was a member of the Board
of Internal Improvements. In December of the latter
year he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of
Law and Equity, and held this office during the years
1831 and 1832. He was Governor of the State in 1833,
1834, and 1835. A few days before the expiration of
his last gubernatorial term, he was appointed President
of the University, of which he had been a trustee since
1832. He was a delegate to remodel the constitution
in 1836.
He married Miss Eleanor "H. White, daughter of the
late William White, Secretary of State, and grand
daughter of Eichard Caswell, the first governor under
the State Constitution, on the 12th Jan., 1826.
Governor Swain was always a close student, and re
markable for his kindness and courtesy to all ; careful
and prudent in his walk and conversation, always look
ing upon the better side of things, and hoping for the
best. In his religious opinions he is a Presbyterian.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 97
In politics he has always exercised a sound discretion, en
tertaining the greatest respect for the opinions of others ;
never violent ; his political affinities, when actively ex
ercised, were with the Whig party. For twenty-two
years he has kept himself aloof from parties, and con
fined his time and liis studies to the great interests of
learning and education, especially as connected with
his own State, and the University over which he has
presided during this time with so much ability and suc
cess. By a prudent course of conduct he has accu
mulated a handsome property; showing that a well-
spent life, though commenced in obscurity and poverty,
seldom goes unrewarded, even in this life, and when it
does, it secures in that which is to come an inheritance
tliat is " undefiled and fadeth not away forever." The
Governor is in the enjoyment of good health, has a
vigorous constitution, and promises yet the hope of
great service to his State and country. He was a
delegate to amend the Constitution of the State in
1836. Ekv. Samuel Edney was born in Pasquotank County,
in 1768. At an early age he became a convert to
Christianity, under the preaching of the then despised
and persecuted Methodists. His first serious impressions
were from a dream, in which he found himself and
all his brothers exposed to a raging fire, from which he
alone escaped. This led him to serious reflections on his
future state, and " to flee the wrath to come." In 1790
he received license to exhort and preach. In 1791 and
1793 he travelled and preached. In the latter year, he
and Jonathan Bird were sent to Wilmington, and from
thence to the " far West," or what was called the " Black
Mountain Circuit," including all the western part of the
5

98 CHEONOLOGY OF NORTH CAEOLINA.
State, and a portion of Tennessee, where he formed the
acquaintance of Eleanor, daughter of William MiUs, to
whom he was married in 1793. He located in 1794,
but continued to preach up to the last week of hia
life. He died Sept. 17, 1844. He was ordained elder
by Bishop Ashbury, in 1813. He was the father of
twelve children, eleven of whom grew up to maturity,
and eight are still living. His eldest son, JohnMorriss,
enlisted in the war of 1812 ; was honorably discharged ;
married a Miss Foil of Augusta, Ga. ; went to merchandis
ing, and subsequently went to Mobile and settied, where
he died of consumption, in January, 1824, leaving one
daughter, who now resides in Alabama, the head of a
family. WiUiam W. Edney died July 22, 1822. Alson
MiUs Edney died Sept. 12, 1842— both of whom, with
father and mother, " sleep their last sleep " at Edney
ville, N. C, their old homestead.
Samuel Edney, in making his trip from Wilmington
west, filled an appointment, on the way made for him,
with this then high-sounding announcement : " Rev.
Samuel Edney, an eminent Methodist preacher from the
North, will preach," etc. This was without his know
ledge until he reached the place ; and finding " the
whole country gathered together," was the most trying
trial of his life, being young and inexperienced ; but he
prayed to his Master, who never forsook him, while his
knees smote together, and his hands trembled for fear ;
yet it was reported that the sermon made a powerful
impression for good. At a later day, he gave, uninten
tionally, great offence, while preaching the funeral ser
mon of one of a numerous family bythe name of Stepp,
during which, while in the height of his sermon, with
great emphasis, he exclaimed, "¦ Yes ! and after all these

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 99
warnings from God, you will go on, step by step, till
you all go down to hell!" An explanation afterwards
was necessary to redeem them from so terrible an end.
He maintained his Christian walk for fifty-six years,
and his ministerial for fifty-four. It was his custom to
supply some appointment on Sabbath all through life.
He preached monthly, for a number of years, at the
"Newton Academy," near Asheville, a distance of
twenty miles from his residence ; was a regular attend
ant of camp meetings ; the first one ever held in the
County was upon his possessions, and his house was
always the preacher's home. He lived, as far as possi
ble, " at peace with all men," and, like Paul, labored
diligently through life with his own hands. He was an
acting magistrate for forty years, and perhaps tried and
disposed of more cases than any other man in his County
or State. He was the first, and continued, postmaster
at EdneyviUe for twelve years. He inherited and
raised a number of slaves, but not being able to govern
them without chastisement, he parted with them, and
shared the common toils of his neighbors in the support
of a large family, whom he loved and cherished till
death. " He fought a good fight," was the first regu
lar Methodist preacher in that region of country,
" finished his course with joy," and died in the triumphs
of a living faith that never left him in his many trials ;
often exclaiming, with a holy triumph, in his old age,
" I have served God over fifty years, and have never
seen the moment that I regretted it, or was willing to
look or turn back to the beggarly elements of the
worid." " He preached in life, and cried in death,
'Behold! behold the Lamb!'

100 CHRONOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
Servant of God, well done !
Thy glorious warfare's past ;
The battle's fought, the race is won,
And thou art crown'd at last."
General Philip Brittain was a man of a strong
mind and constitution, and represented his constituents
in various public offices ; he was elected several times
to the Legislature from Buncombe ; while there, per
haps his last time, Henderson County was formed, and
received its name at his suggestion, after " Old General
Henderson," a worthy citizen of the State. He was an
industrious, enterprising, public spirited man. He mar
ried Sophia, daughter of widow Lewis ; raised a large
family ; and died in 1848, at an advanced age.
Col. John Clayton, of Mills's Eiver, filled many
stations of honor and trust in his own County, and, per
haps, represented it in the Legislature oftener than
any other one man, and in both branches. He was
magistrate and one of the County Court, in Buncombe
and Henderson, for, perhaps, thirty years. He was a
ruling elder of the Presbyterian Church for a great
many years ; raised a numerous family, and died in
peace in 1857.
Eev. James Askew was another early and old settler
on Spring Creek ; he was an orderly, peaceable and
useful citizen, for a long serious of years, and maintained
his Christian walk and conversation, as a Methodist
minister, through evil and good report ; he died in
peace the 9th of January, 1852, aged 74 years; leaving
a large family, and a good name behind him.
James Johnson, of Mills's Eiver, died the 2d of July,
1862, in his 93d year; a remarkable instance of the
power of " pure and undefiled religion," over the human

CHEONOLOGY OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 101
heart. Everybody who knew James Johnson, knew
the power that governed him was " from on high." He
was a living monument of grace and peace, and in his
exit, " death had no sting." He was a member of the
Methodist Cliurch, and a "shining light" for sixty
years or more. In the revolution, he served his country
as well as his God, doing valiant service for both. A
large circle of friends and relations have inherited his
virtues, and are emulating his examnles.
Eev. Humpheey Posey was by nature a man of
remarkable parts ; a strong physical frame, and unbend
ing will, quick perception, and a mind peculiar ftir its
originality, strength and activity. Perhaps no man in
the back country, of his limited acquirements, raised in
the wild woods, as he was, was his equal ; ' he was a
member of the Baptist Church, one of its first defenders
and pioneers ; and was able to make a strong impression
upon any audience, even the most refined and culti
vated. He used a heavy sledge hammer, and wielded
it with great power upon sinners. He left several
descendants in the mountain region, and moved to
Georgia, where he continued to preach until his death,
which occurred several years since ; he was beloved
and lamented.
James McGonnel Smith was the son of Col. Daniel
Smith, and was the first white child born, west of
the Blue Eidge, in the limits of North Carolina. Mr.
Smith was a man of untiring industry, economy, and
perseverance. He marriecl Polly, daughter of Col.
John Patton, settled at Asheville, at an early day,
and commenced merchandising and farming, both of
which he prosecuted successfully till his death in 1856.
He heeded not the fashions of the world, but steadily

102 CHRONOLOGY OF NORTH CAEOLINA.
pursued his calling, and at his death left a large fortune
for his chUdren. Mrs. Smith died in 1843, respected
and lamented. She was the mother of nine children,
five of whom are still living — one, Mrs. Brown, at
Washington, Texas ; she has been married three times,
the first time to Mr. Hoke, who was killed by Mr. Hen
derson, at Lincolnton, in a fracas, several years since.
She now enjoys a competency, and a bright hope of an
inheritance where troubles and sorrows never come.
Col. J. Barnett settled on French Broad, seventy
years ago, and was the first man to pilot or navigate
wago"ns through Buncombe, by putting the two hig
wheels on the lower side ! sometimes pulling, sometimes
pushing, and sometimes carrying the wagon ! at a
charge of $5 " for work and labor done."
Beadon and Zebulon Baied were among " the old
inhabitants," and were useful and respectable men,
leaving descendants worthy their sires. They were the
first merchants in Buncombe, and "imported" the first
" Jewsharps," which were then as great a wonder as a
Giraffe would be now. James M. Smith told the writer
of their giving him one, when a small boy, which
pleased him more than any present he ever received.
" Gourd fiddles " were then in vogue, " puncheon
floors," and " corn-stalk bows ! " The Messrs. Baird
carried up the first four wheeled wagon ever seen in Bun
combe, which was in 1793, and was then a great curi
osity ; " slides " or " sleds " having been, in connec
tion, with " trucks " or " truckle wheels," the useful and
ornamental vehicles in that rolling region of country,
up to that time; one horse carts were the ne^t family
carriage luxury ; they brought that wagou across the
South Carolina or " Saluda Gap," which was opened

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 103
by Col. Earle, for the State of South Carolina, at the
sum of four thousand dollars. This road has gradually
improved down to the present time, and is now a good
road. The Messrs. Baird have long been sleeping with
the silent dead upon the blue hills of their balmy days.
Col. Ben. Davidson was another old and useful citizen,
who spent a long and useful Ufe among the companions
of his early days, in old Buncombe. Many of his de
scendants are still in that region of our State, walking
worthy of their vocation, among them Col. S. W. David
son, of Swannanoa, now In a green old age, enjoying
the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens.
Capt. Thomas Foster, of Swannanoa, is still living,
enjoying remarkable health and activity in his old age,
of whom Bishop Abney frequently speaks in his visits
to that region from 1788 to 1813, Mr. Foster is well
and favorably known, and by a life of industry has
accumulated a competency. But he must soon follow his
old friends who have gone before him to the spirit land.
Col. James M. Alexander, who died the. present
year (1858), married a daughter of Capt. Foster, and
lived the greater part of his life on French Broad, below
Asheville, where he accumulated a large fortune, raised
and educated a highly respectable famUy. He was a
member of the Methodist Church, and a liberal sup
porter of the same ; and extensively known as a most
worthy and hospitable landlord, as well as a Uberal
public-spirited man and most worthy citizen. On€S of
his daughters married George W. Baxter, Esq., since
deceased ; and another, Col. John Baxter, now of Knox-
ville Tenn., heretofore favorably known in Eutherford
and Henderson Counties as a private and public citizen.
John Johnson, of Mills's Eiver, died in 1849, leaving

104 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA.
a large circle of relatives and friends to lament his de
parture. Mr. Johnson was a plain, unassuming, man,
of sterling, merits and virtues — such a man as would
bless and better the condition of any community of
people among whom he should sojourn. He adorned a
Christian character by a strictly humble, obedient and
faithful course and conversation, throngh a long life,
which terminated in great peace of mind and a bright
hope of a blessed immortality beyond the grave.
Col. Jamf.s M. Lowey, of Sandy Mush, was long and
favorably known as an industrious and enterprising.
citizen, both in public and private. He served his
Country in the legislature very acceptably a great num
ber of times; was State Councillor; and filled many
other stations of honor and trust. Bishop Asbury said
of him in his early days, 1802 :. " I would here record
that James Lowry, an agreeable, pious youth, rode with
me for the last seventy miles. I feel truly grateful to
him and to his family. May the same measure of kind
ness be always meted to hira and his, and to all such
affectionate young men, and feeling, attentive people."
His future conduct fully justified what was here said of
him. He raised a large family to usefulness and re-
spectabiUty ; was a tried and faithful member of the
Methodist Church for nearly a half century ; and died
in peace in 1857.
James Patton was bom in the County of Derry,
Ireland, Feb. 13, 1756, of poor, but respectable parents.
His father was a farmer, and died when James was
fourteen years of age. On the 4th of June, 1783, having
resided with his mother up to this time, he em.barked
for America, and landed at Philadelphia August 3d.
For six years, he labored at mining, well-digging, farm-

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA. 105
ing, working on the canals, grubbing, etc., and a good
part of the time was sick, unable to do anything. He
was "a stranger in a strange land ;" no friend, no rela
tion ; and, besides all this, had got in bad company ;
once was made drunk ; was cheated out of all he had
by gambling, and his case became almost desperate.
But having fallen in M'ith some good people, and re
ceived some good advice, he persevered ; so that at the
expiration of six years he had left about two hundred
dollars. This he invested in a small "pack" of goods
and a "jjon?/,"" the "pack" was put on \\\Q"pony''
and the trio started on the tide for a fortune. But three
miles had been made, when the "pony" in place of
crossing the dam at a mill, being driven by Mr. P.,
made directly into the mill-pond, where water and mud
were abundant and free ; the water at once ingulfed
"pony" and "pack," and the mud below secured
" pony's " heels ; and but for getting his head or nose
on a stump, he would have been drowned ! This was a
complete mercantile baptism 1 Assistance came and a
rescue was raade. This was in November, 1789. He
made his way through to North Carolina, and on his
way fell in and travelled with James Mclntyre, of Mor
ganton. In Wilkes, Burke, Buncombe, etc., he traded
for several years — returning north to get supplies —
taking in exchange for goods fur skins, indigo, feathers, ¦
etc., upon which he made a profit. In 1791, he met
with Andrew Irwin, who afterwards married his sister,
went in business with him, and, after twenty years
partnership, they dissolved and made setUement of a
large estate in one day ! In 1792, he moved his mother
and family to Wilkes County, and was afterwards instru-
5*

106 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA.
mental in bringing all his brothers and sisters to Ameri
ca. In 1794, he married a daughter of Francis Eey
nolds, one of the first settlers on Yadkin Eiver. In
1807, Mr. Patton and family, and Mr. Erwin, moved to
Swannanoa (where Col. Thomas Patton now lives), and
in 1814, moved to Asheville, where his mother, his wife,
and himself, all afterwards died. Mr. P., though he
grew rich, " never sold the widow's cow nor the poor
man's land." He brought forward many young men, who
afterwards became useful and leading citizens ; among
them, Andrew Irwin, Jeremiah Cleveland, George
Jones, Wm. E. (" Long Billy") Smith, and others. He
heeded well the maxim, "Stay at home and mind your
own business." In his advice to his children, in his
84th year, he says : " Although I have often erred, still
I am pleased that God has blessed my weak means, and
enabled me to give you some advice for your good.
And may the God of Grace cheer and support me until
the time of our separation on earth, and give me a life
of blessed immortality beyond the grave. That you
may live in harmony and peace with each other, and so
spend your Uves in this world, that you will be pre
pared for that which is to come, is the wish of your
affectionate father."
By perseverance, his means increased, and after re-
•moving to AsheviUe he opened a store and hotel, and
engaged in farming, all of which he continued success
fully through a long series of years, raising in the mean
time, a large and highly respectable family. His hotel
was enlarged from time to time, and has long been
known and kept up as the "Eagle Hotel," on the old
site, and belongs now to James W. Patton. Only two

OHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA, 107
«f the children are now residents of the village ; two
are in the neighborhood ; and the others are all married
and removed to various parts of the country.
Mr. Patton was a man of untiring industry and
economy; he lived as nearly up^to the motto, "No
moment unemployed," as, perhaps, any other man in
his day; yet he was liberal and public-spirited, lending
a hand to everything calculated to promote virtue,
morality, and the public good. Bishop Asbury — than
whom there were few better men, better judges of
human nature, and few who could say so much in a few
¦words — thus speaks, in 1809, of Mr. Patton and Mr.
Erwin, his partner: "Sabbath, Sept. 29th. At Bun
combe. I -spoke on Luke xiv,, 10. It was a season of
attention and feeling. We dined with Mr. Erwin, and
lodged Vith James Patton, How rich, Iiow plain, how
Jiumhle, and how hind !"
In 1831, Mr. Patton bought out and improved the
Warm Springs, a celebrated watering place ever since,
thirty-six miles below Asheville, on the French Broad.
Mr. Patton was very inquisitive and very communica
tive, neariy always bettering and instructing himself or
others by it; sometiraes it was "otherwise." It was
•otherwise when a young man, who thought himself ex
ceedingly smart, after he had a half bushel full of salt,
said to Mr. P., " Now, Mr. P,, i will give you twenty-
five cents to let me tramp that salt." " Get in, my
mon ; get in, my mon ; tramp away till you are satis
fied." The young man put in two not very femenine
omderstandings, and by the force of gravity lowered the
salt to one peck, or less; stepped out, with a peculiar
wink, took hold of the spade, lifted it full of salt- to
j-efiU the half bushel, when his ai-m was touched, and

108 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Mr. p. remarked, " No, no, young mon; no, no, young
mon ; you gave me two shillings to ' tramp that salt f
not to fill the half bushel." It is currently reported
that that young man never " tramped " another half
bushel of salt for Mr. P., and that it was a bad invest
ment, at least for the time. It was " otherwise" when
Mr. P. was improving the road near the Warm Springs.
Having a number of men blasting and laying stone, he
was out, with stick in hand, pushing and pi-ying every
stone, to see if it were well placed ; and was warned
not to trouble thera ; but being determined to see that
everything was well done, in making a sudden push at
a very unstable, and, for him, unfortunate stone, aided
by the carelessness of a boy, it moved, and a slide from
above took place ; and one or both of Mr. P.'s legs was
so "put upon" that several months of careful " knitting"
was required to fasten and restore to their proper func
tions the ligaments and bones that suft'ered frora the
catastrophe occasioned by that inquisitive cane.
At a subsequent period, he had some men repairing
pump-logs, through which' water was carried from the
mountain side to his hotel. Being in a deep hollow,
the water pressure was -very great, being a pressure
from both ends. Here, as in other places, there was an
inch hole bored and a pin driven in, " to try the water"
and occasionaUy to clean the logs ; while the men were
engaged near this, Mr. P. approached, and in his usual
kind way commenced talking, inquiring, and making
suggestions; finally, his eye rested on the pin, and
thinking it might not be thoroughly tight, he com
menced tapping, first one side and then the otiier, re
marking, "Is this tight, my men; is this tight, my
men ?" " Tou had better let that alone, Mr. P.," said

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 109
tiiey, and by way of illustration of the latter remark,
the pin became suddenly, either from water or cane
pressure, or both, unsettled, and made a perpendicular
gyration in the air, removing a certain hat, usually worn
by a very clever old gentleraan, that seemed to be just
in its line of march, pi-eparatory to a shower bath,
which was administered with such extraordinary dis
patch and force, as to require the assistance of two or
three men to elevate and transfer the gentleman with
an inquisitive stick to another location. Yet, I don't
know but the young raan and Mr. P. himself were both
"instructed" and "bettered"' by tiiese shrewd and raat-
ter-of-course experiments in the journey of life — the
young man was, no doubt, made wiser ; the old man,
in the second instance, liad several months' time allotted
to him for reflection ; and in the third, shower-baths
being considered healthy, and dry clothes pleasant and
refreshing, he was none the worse of a change.
The following lines upon a neat tombstone in the
grave yard of the Presbyterian church at Asheville,
furnish for us the sketch of his life :
"In memory of James Patton, born Feb. 13, 1756, in
County Derry, Ireland. Died at AsheviUe, N. C, 9th
Sept., 1845, in the 90tli yeai» of his age. He was the
fo;inder of his faraily in America ; an honest and per
severing man ; accumulating much property, without
grinding the poor ; prudently assisting his poor rela
tions, as well as.bi-inging forward in the world many
deserving young men."
James Gudgke and Georgk Jones are old and highly
respectable citizens and heads of large families ; both
of whom will soon pay the debt of nature.
Col. John Patton, of Swannanoa, who died sorne

110 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
twenty years since, at his residence, within two miles
of Asheville, was a man suited to the times — strong,
active, and vigorous in body and mind, full of quick and
generous impulses, enterprising, industrious, and public
spirited. His influence was felt for good in the com
munity. His children were numerous and worthy their
sire, several of whom are still Uving, and are now the
heads of large and respectable families.
John Wooufin, Esq., of Mills's Eiver, the father of
N. W. and J. W. Woodfin, Esqs., of Asheville, is now
living, and the picture of health at a very old age.
Simple diet, regular habits, the inhalation of pure moun
tain air, the use of crystal waters, with constant manual
labor and out-door exercise, have all combined to pro
long his days.
Col. John Miller, who was Clerk of the Court of Bun
combe for nearly a lifetime, was a citizen of French
Broad, now Henderson County, and was an enterprising
as well as a very popular man with the people. In his
public and private capacity his character was unim
peached. He died, lamented, some twelve years since.
Capt. Thomas Case, who died in 1849, in his 82d
year, may be mentioned as one of that class of men who
lived longer, easier, harder, and healthier, and left more
descendants than perhaps any other one man among all
the old settlers'. His home was the mountain, his field
the forest, his support his gun, " old Ned and corn-
bread " his diet ; none of this world's goods and a clear
conscience gave him a cheerful spirit, which, in his
"moccasins," "leather breeches," and "hunting-shirt,"
always exhibited itself. His banner was a " deer
skin," his luxury a fiddle; so that he went on his way
through life rejoicing. Dyspepsia, hysterics, pneumo-

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. Ill
nia, bronchitis, and the gout never knew where to find
his dwelling. Ho could joyfully sing
" No foot of land do I possess," etc.
In his old age he joined the Baptist Church, was bap
tized, and died in peace with the world and his Maker.
De. Mitchell. — The publisher could not consistently
close this volume, without making reference to one
whose identity with the State revealed so many excel
lences, and he here appends what he prepared in 1857
for a different publication. He named the falls where
Dr. M. lost his life " Mitchell's Falls," and by this narae
they will be handed down to posterity. These falls are
forty-four feet in height, and the pool below fourteen in
depth.
Memorial.
The Eev. Elisha Mitchell, D.D., was born in Wash
ington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, August 19, 1793
— graduated at Yale College, in 1815 — appointed Pro
fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the
University of North Carolina, in 1817 — married in 1819
— ordained by the Presbytery of Orange, iu 1821 —
transferred to the Professorship of Chemistry, Mineral
ogy, and Geology, in 1826 — honored with the Doctor-
ship in Divinity, by the University of Alabama, in 1840
— appointed Bursar of the University of North Carolina,
in 1835, and died June 27th, 1857.
By measurement. Dr. Mitchell established the fact, in
1835 and 1844, that the " Black" was the highest moun
tain in the United States, east of the Eocky Mountains,
being 6,672 feet above the level of the sea, and 244 feet
higher than Mount Washington, New Hampshire. The

112 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
highest point on the "Black" is called "Mitchell's
Peak." In furthering his researches on this mountain in June,
1857, and after making various surveys, he attempted
to go down to Yancy County by hiraself (and was on the
same track which led him there once before), when a
rain storm and night overtook him, and while passing a
precipice and waterfall on " Sugar Camp Creek," he
lost his balance, went over the fall, and on the eleventh
day after he left his son ahd daughter for Yancy, he
was found in the limpid pool below, in a state of perfect
preservation, and was, by almost superhuman exertions,
carried on men's shoulders up the mountain for two
miles, and then to Asheville, where he was interred,
July 10th, to sleep and rise with the just at the great
day. Having learned well, taught well, preached well,
lived well, he " ceased to work and live," and now "he
sleeps well." .
" Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord, for their
works do follow them."
Dr. Mitchell penned the following singularly pro
phetic words on a former visit to the Black Mountain,
¦ either in reference to the very spot where he lost his
life, or to another close by :
"The ascent to the highest peak of the 'Black' was
the hardest day's work I ever performed. It was over
one high mountain spur, and again into a deep valley,
crawling through laurels, with two barometers, one a
common mountain, and the other a Gay Lussac's, in
hand. And when, about noon, I passed under a high
shelving rock where the ground was bestrewn with clean
dry leaves beneath, and a clear rushing stream close by,
I could not help thinking what a comfortable place it

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 113
would he to die in. When the necessary observations
had been made, at four o'clock in the evening, and we
began to descend, the clouds were gathering, and soon
the rain poured down in torrents. We came to a tribu
tary of Caney Eiver, and my companions could find no
better way of getting along, than that of springing from
rock to rock along the channel of the stream."
On the 15th of July, 1858, the remains of Dr. Mitchell
were exhumed, and on the 16th deposited on the highest
peak of the Black Mountain, known by his name, where
they " sleep their last sleep." Bishop Oty, of Tennessee,
delivered the funeral oration, and was foUowed by Gov.
Swain in an interesting address, in the presence of a vast
and deeply affected concourse of citizens and strangers.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX E.

Goveenoes of Noeth Caeolina feom the Yeae 1776
TO THE PeESENT TiME.

Richard Caswell, of Lenoir County,

elected

in 1776

Abner Nash,

Craven

(I

li

1779

Thonias Burke,

Orange

((

a

1781

Alexander Martin,

Guilford

(1

((

1782

Eichard Caswell,

Lenoir

(f

again "

1784

Samuel Johnston,

Chowan

<(

((
1787
Alexander Martin,
Guilford
(f
again "
1789
Eichard D. Spaight, Qi-aven
<(
1792
Samuel Ashe,
New Hanovei
. a
1795
WiUiam E. Davie,
Halifax
ii
1798
Benjamin Williams
, Moore
a
1799
James Turner,
Warren
i(
1802
Nath. Alexander,
Mecklenburg
ii
1805
Benjamin Williams
, Moore
((
again "
1807
David Stone,
Bertie
((
1808
Benjamin Smith,
Brunswick
((
1810
William Hawkins,
Warren
a
1811
William MUler,
Warren
a
1814
John Branch,
Halifax
ii
1817
Jesse Franklin,
Surry
ci
1820
1824

1827

1828

1830
1832
1835
116 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
Gabriel Holmes, of Sampson County, elected in 1821
Hutchings G. Burton, Halifax
James Iredell, Chowan
John Owen, Bladen
Montfort Stokes, Wilkes
David L. Swain, Buncombe
Eichard D. Spaight, Craven
These were elected by the General Assembly. The
Convention of 1835 so amended the Constitution as to
transfer the election of Governor to the people. The
following is a list of Governors since that time, elected
by the people :
Edward B. Dudley, New Hanover County, elected 1837
John M. Morehead, Guilford " " 1841
William A. Graham, Orange " " 1845
Charies Manly, Wake " " 18i9
David S. Eeid, Eockingham " " 1851
Thomas Bragg, Northampton " " 1655
John W. Ellis, Eowan " " 1858
1-1o
K
¦< o
tdHK
O|2i
O
oijo
o£3
WD

APPENDIX F.
Judges of the Supeeme Couet of North Carolina.

John Louis Taylor, of Cumberland County
Leonard Henderson, Granville
John Hall,
John D. Toomer,
Thomas Euffin,
Joseph J. Daniel,
William Gaston,
Frederick Nash,
William H. Battie,
Richmond M. Pearson, Davie
William H. Battie, Orange

Warren
CumberlandOl-ange
Halifax
Craven
OrangeOrange

agatn

From

1818
18181818 1829
1829 1832
18331844184818481852

To

18291833183218291852 184818441848

Remarks.

Died in office.
Died in office.
Eesigned.— Died 1833.
Eesigned. — Died 1856.
Eesigned. Died in office.
Died in office.
Now in office.
Eesigned in December.
Now in office.
Now in office.

118 CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.

APPENDIX G.
I am indebted to the kindness of the Hon. Warren
Winslow, of Fayetteville, N. C, for a copy of the
"North Carolina Standard," of March 25th, 1857,
containing the following very valuable piece of in
formation :
Speakers of the Senate and of the House of Commons
OF North Carolina, from 1777 to 1856-7, in
clusive.
An inteUigent and well-informed friend, who takes
an interest in statistics and'in historical facts, especially.
such as are connected with our own State, has kindly
furnished us for publication with the following list of
the Speakers of the two Houses of the General Assem
bly, from 1777 to the present time.
The Speakers of the two Houses, it will be observed,
have been chosen for the space of eighty years from
twenty-eight counties, to wit — Craven, Caswell, Chowan,
Cumberland, Beaufort, Bertie, Brunswick, Burke, Edge
combe, Greene, Guilford, Granville, Gates, Halifax,
Henderson, Iredell, Lincoln, Lenoir, New Hanover,
Northampton, Mecklenburg, Onslow, Orange, Eowan,
Eockingham, Wake, Warren and Wilkes. It must be
recollected, however, that a majority of these counties
formerly contained much more territory than they do
now, and that a number of new counties have been
formed out of them. The longest continuous service of
any of the Speakers, was that of Mr. Yancey, of Cas
well, who was Speaker of the Senate from 1817 to 1827,
inclusive, eleven years. Mr. Eiddick, of Gates, also

chronology of north CAROLINA. 119
served as Speaker of the Senate for eleven years, but
not continuously for that length of time. Mr. Benbury,
of Chowan, was Speaker of the House of Commons for
six years ; and Mr. Cabart-us, of the same county, was
Speaker of that body for the space of ten years. Cho
wan, including the service just mentioned of Mr. Ben-
bury and Mr. Cabarrus, and three years of service by
Mr. Iredell as Speaker of the Commons, and one year
by Mr. Johnson as Speaker of the Senate, can boast of
having given Speakers to the two Houses for twenty
years out of the eighty years ; Caswell County stands
next in rank in this respect, having had Speakers for
seventeen years ; Gates next, eleven years ; Craven
next, nine years ; and Lenoir next, eight years. CasweU
had the Speakers of both Houses in 1819 and 1820 —
Mr. Yancey of the Senate, and Mr. Sanders (now
Judge), of the Commons ; and Eowan also had the
Speakers of both Houses ih 1830 and 1831— Mr. Cald
well (now Judge), of the Senate, and Mr-. Fisher (dec),
of the Commons. Chowan had both Speakers in 1789
— Mr. Johnson, of the Senate, and Mr. Cabarrus, of
the House ; and Chowan and Gates together, had the
Speakers of the two Houses from 1800 to 1804, inclusive.
Of the sixty-one persons who have occupied the Speak
er's chair of the two Houses since 1777, the following,
we believe, only survive, to wit : John Branch, Bedford
Brown, David F. Caldwell, WiUiam D. Mosely, Frede
rick Nash, Eomulus M. Saunders, James Mebane,
Thomas Settle, Hugh Waddell, Burgess S. Gaither,
Calvin Graves, Weldon N. Edwards, Warren Winslow,
W. W. Avery, William A. Graham, Edward Stanly,
Eobert B. Gilliam, James C. Dobbin, John Baxter,
Samuel P. HiU, and Jesse G. Shepherd.

120 chronology op noeth carolina.
Speakers of the Senate.
1777, Samuel Ashe, New Hanover County.
1778, Allen Jones, Northampton.
1779, Abner Nash, Graven,
1780, Alexander Martin Guilford.
1781, Alexander Martin, Guilford.
1782, Eichard CasweU, Lenoir.
1783, Eichard Caswell, Lenoir.
1784, Eichard CasweU, Lenoir.
1785, Eichard Caswell, Lenoir, and Alexander
Martin, Guilford.
1786, James Coor, Craven,
1787, Alexander Martin, Guilford.
1788, Alexander Martin, Guilford.
1789, Charles Johnson, Chowan.
1790, William Lenoir, Wilkes.
1791, WiUiam Lenoir, Wilkes.
1795, WUliam Lenoir, Wilkes.
1793, WUliam Lenoir, Wilkes.
1794, William Lenoir, WUkes.
1795, Benjamin Smith, Brunswick.
1796, Benjamin Smith, Brunswick.
1797, Benjamin Smith, Brunswick.
1798, Benjamin Smith, Brunswick.
1799, Benjamin Smith, Brunswick.
1800, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1801, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1802, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1803, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1804, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1805, Alexander Martin, Eockingham.
1806, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.

chronology of noeth caeolina. 121
1807, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1808, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1809, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1810, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1811, Joseph Eiddick, Gates.
1812, George Outlaw, Bertie.
1813, George Outlaw, Bertie.
1814, George Outlaw, Bertie.
1815, John Branch, Halifax.
1816, John Branch, Halifax.
1817, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1818, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1819, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1820, Bartiett Yancey, CasweU.
1821, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1822, Bartiett Yancey, CasweU,
1823, Bartlett Yancey, CasweU.
1824, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1825, Bartlett Yancey, Caswell.
1226, Bartiett Yancey, CasweU.
1827, Bartiett Yancey, CasweU.
1828, Jesse Speight, Greene.
1829, Bedford Brown, CasweU.
1830, David F. Caldwell, Eowan.
1831, David F. CaldweU, Eowan.
1832, WiUiam D. Mosely, Lenoir.
1833, WiUiam D. Mosely, Lenoir.
1834, WiUiam D. Mosely, Lenoir.
1835, WiUiam D. Mosely, Lenoir.
1836-7, Hugh WaddeU, Orange.
1838-9, Andrew Joyner, Halifax.
1840-1, Andrew Joyner, Halifax.
1842-3, Louis D. Wilson, Edgcombe.

122 chronology of north Carolina.
1844-5, Burgess S. Gaither, Burke.
1846-7, Andrew Joiner, Halifax.
1848-9, Calvin Graves, Caswell.
1850-1, Weldon N. Edwards, Warren.
1852-3, Weldon N. Edwards, Warren.
1854-5, Warren Winslow, Curaberland.
1856-7, W. W. Avery, Burke.

1777,
1778
1779, 1780,1781 1782
1783,
1784 1786
1-786 1787,
1788 17891790,1791
17921793,1794
1795 179617-97
1798,

Speakers of the House of Commons.
Abner Nashe, of Newberne.
Thomas Benbury, Chowan.
Thomas Benbury, Chowan.
Thoraas Benbury, Chowan.
Thomas Benbury, Chowan.
Thomas Benbury, Chowan.
Edward Starkey, Onslow.
Thomas Benbury, Chowan.
William Blount, Craven, and Eicliard Dobbs
' Speight, Craven.
John B. Ashe, Halifax.
John Sitgreaves, Craven.
John Sitgreaves, Craven.
Stephen Cabarrus, Edenton. .
Stephen Cabarrus, Edenton.
Stephen Cabarrus, Edenton.
Stephen. Cabarrus, Edenton.
John Leigh, Edgecombe.
Timothy Bloodworth, New Hanover.
John Leigh, Edgecombe.
Mussendine Matthews, IredeU.
Mussendine Matthews, Iredell.
Mussendine Matthews, Iredell.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 123
Mussendine MattheN\s. Iredell.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
Stephen Cabarrus, Chowan.
John Moore, Lincoln.
Joshua G. Wright, Wilmington.
William Gaston, Newberne.
Thomas Davis, Cumberland.
William Hawkins, Granville.
John Steele, Eowan.
William Miller, Warren,
William Miller, Warren.
Frederick Nash, Orange.
John Craig, Orange.
James Iredell, Edenton.
James Iredell, Edenton.
James Iredell, Edenton.
Eomulus M. Saunders, Caswell.
Eomulus M. Saunders, Caswell.
James Mebane, Orange.
John D. Jones, Wilmington.
Alfred Moore, Brunswick.
Alfred Moore, Brunswick.
John Stanly, Newberne.
John Stanly, Newberne, and James Iredell,
Edenton.
Thomas Settle, Eockingham.
Thomas Settle Eockingham.
William J. Alexander, Mecklenburg.
Charles Fisher, Eowan.

124 'CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
1831, Charles Fisher, Eowan.
1832, Louis D. Henry, Fayetteville.
1833, William J. Alexander, Mecklenburg.
1834, WiUiam J. Alexander, Mecklenburg.
1836, WUliam H. Haywood, jr.. Wake.
1836-7, WiUiam H. Haywood, jr.,^ Wake.
1838-9, William A. Graham, Orange.
1840-1, William A. Graham, Orange.
1842-3, Calvin Graves, CasweU.
1844-5, Edward Stanly, Beaufort.
1846-7, Edward Stanly, Beaufort.
1848-9, Eobert B. Gilliam, Granville.
1850-1, Jaraes C. Dobbin, Cumberland.
1852-3, John Baxter, Henderson.
1854-5, Samuel P. HiU, CasweU.
1856-7, Jesse G. Shepherd, Cumberland.

CHEONOLOGY OF NORTH CAEOLINA.

125

APPENDIX H.
AlTOENEY GeNEEALS OF NoETH CaeOLESTA.

Names.

From

To

Remarks.

Waighstill Avery

1777

1779

Eesigned.

James IredeU

1779

1790

Alfred Moore

1790

1791

John Haywood

1791

1794

Blake Baker

1794

1803

Eesigned.

Henry Seawell

1803

1808

John L. Taylor

1808

1808

WiUiam Miller
1808
1810
Hutchins G. Burton
1810
1816
Eesigned.
William Drew
1816
1825
Eesigned.
James F. Taylor
1825
1828
Died in office.
E. M. Saunders
1828
1828
Eobert H. Jones
1828
1834
John E. J. Daniel
1834
1840
Hugh McQueen
1840
1842
Spier Whitaker
1842
1847
Edward Stanly
1847
1848
B. F. Moore
1848
1851
William Eaton, jr
1851
1852
Matthew Eansom
1852
1855
Joseph Batch elor
1865
1857
WUHam A. Jenkins
1857
Now in office.
APPENDIX I.
Skceetaries of State of Noeth Caeolina.
Names.
From
To
Remarks.
James Glasgow
WiUiam White
William Hill
Eufus H. Page
17771778
iisii 1857
1778
1811
1857
Now in office.
126

CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA.

APPENDIX J.
Treasurers of the State of North Carolina.

Names.

From

To

Remarks.

Eichard Caswell )
Samuel Johnston j

1776

1777

Memucan Hunt

1777

1787

John Haywood

1787

1827

William S. Eobards

1827

1830

Eobert H. Burton
1830
1830
William S. Mhoon
1830
1835
Samuel F. Patterson
1835
1837
Daniel W. Courts
1837
1839
•
Charles L. Hinton
1839.
1843
John H. Wheeler
1843
1845
Chas. L. Hinton, again
1846
1851
Danl. W. Courts, again
1851
Now in office.
APPENDIX K.
Comptrollers of the State of North Carolina.
Names.
From
To
Remarks.
John Craven
1783
1808
Samuel Goodwin
1808
1825
Joseph Hawkins
1826
1827
John L. Henderson
1827
1827
James Grant .
1827
1834
Nathan Stedman
1834
1836
WiUiam F. CoUins .
1836
1851
William J. Clark .
1851
1855
George W. Brooks .
1855
1857
Curtis H. Brogdeii
1857
Now in office.
CHRONOLOGY OF NOETH CAROLINA.
APPENDIX L.

127

Members from North Carolina to the Continental
Congress bkfore the Adoption of the Constitution.

Names.

Ashe, John B.
Bloodworth, Timothy
Blount, WilUam
Burke, Thomas
Burton, Eobert
Caswell, Eichard .
Gumming, AVilliam
Harnett, Cornelius
Hawkins, Benjamin
Hewes, Joseph
HiU, Whitmel
Hooper, WilUam
Johnston, Samuel
Jones, Allen
Jones, WilUe
Nash, Abner
Penn, John
' Sitgreaves, John
Sharpe, William
Spaight, Eichard D;
Swan, John
Williams, John
Williamson, Hugh
White, Alexander

From

To

1787

1788

1786

1787

1782

1783

17S6

1787

1777

1781

17S7

17SS

1774

1776

17,S4

1784

1777

1780

1781

1784

1786

1787

1774

1777

1779

1780

1778

1781

1774

1777

17S0

1782

1779

1780

1780

1781

1782

1784

1785

1786

1775

1776

1777

1780

1784

1785

1779

•1782

1783

1785

1(87

1788

1778

1779

1782

17S5

17S7

1788

17S6

17S8

128

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.

APPENDIX M.
Membees from Noeth Caeolina to the United States
Senate since the Adoption of the Constitution.

Names. '.;

From

To

Badger, George E. ...

1846

1856

Biggs, Asa .....

1855

1858

Bloodworth, Timothy

1795

1801

Branch, John ....

1823

1829

Brown, Bedford

1829

1841

Franklin, Jesse ... j

1799 1807

1805 1813

Graham, William A. . . .

1841

1843

Hawkins, B. ....

1789

1795

Haywood, W. H. ...

1843

1846

Iredell, James ....

1828

1831

Johnston, Samuel ....

1789

1793

Locke, Francis ....

1814

1815

Macon, Nathaniel ....

1815

1828

I

1831

1837

Mangum, W. P. . . . |

1841

1847

(

1848

1853

] Martin, Alexander

1793

1799

! Eeid, David S 

1855

*

Stokes, Montfort ....

1816

1823

Stone, David ...

18011813

1807 1814

Strange, Eobert ....

1837

1841

Turner, James ....

1805

1816

Thomas L. Clingman,

1858t

• Now in office, 1858.
f Now in office, by appointment of the GoTernor.

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 129
APPENDIX X.
Members feom Noeth Carolina to the. House of
Eepresentatives of the UnitiS) States since the
Adoption of the Constitution.

Names.

From

To

Alexander, Evan ....

1805

1809

Alexander, Nathaniel

1803

1805

Alston, Willis ....

1799

1803

Alston, Willis, jr. . . . I

18031825

18151831

Arrington, A. H. .

1841

1845

Ashe, John B. ....

1790

1793

Ashe, W. S. ....

1849

1863

Biggs, Asa 

1845

1847

Barringer, D. L 

1826

1835

Barringer, D. M. .

1843

1849

Bethune, L 

1831

1833

(

1803

1809

Blackledge, W. S. . . . -^

1811

1813

(

1821

1823

i Bloodworth, Timothy

1790

1791

i (

1793

1799

Blount, Thomas . . . .<

1805

1809

\

1811

1812

Branch, John ....

1831

1833

Branch, L. O'B 

1866

1858

Bryan, Nathan ....

1795

1798

Bryan, John H. . . ¦

1826

1829

Bryan, Joseph H 

1816

1819

Burgess, Dempsey

1795

1798

Burton, H. G. ....

1819

1824

. Bynum, J. A.

1833

1841

Boyden, Nathaniel

1847

1849

Caldwell, Green W. . . .

1841

1843

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134 CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.
APPENDIX 1^.— {Continued).

Names.

From

To

Williams, Lewis

1816

1842

WiUiams, Marmaduke .

1803

1809

Williams, Eobert

1797

1803

Williamson, Hugh

1790

1793

Winston, Joseph . . . . j

1793
1803

1796
1807

Winslow, Warren

1855

1858

Wynns, Thomas ....

1802

1807

Yancey, Bai'tlett ....

1813

!S17

¦>o CO

APPENDIX 0.
JtiDCfics OF TIIE SrrKEioE CouETS I.1F NoETH Caeolina feom 1777 to the Peesent Time.

Names.

From

To

Remarks.

John Williams,

1777

1799

Died in office.

Samuel Ashe,

1777

1796

Elected Governor.

Samuel Spencer,

1777

1794

Died in office. .

Spruce McKay,

1790

1808
Died in office.
John Haywood,
1794
1800
Eesigned.
Alfred Moore,
1798
Dec. 10
1799
See 1765.
John Louis Taylor,
1798
1818
See Appendix F.
Samuel Johnston,
Feb. 10, 1800
Nov. 18
,1803
Eesigned.
John Hall,
1800
1818
See Appendix F.
Francis Locke,
1803
Feb. 7,
1814
Eesigned.
David Stone,
1795
1798
Eesigned.
David Stone, again,
1806
1808
Elected Governor.
Samuel Lowrie,
1806
Dec.
1818
Died in office.
Blake Baker,
1808
Dec.
1808
Commission expired.
Blake Baker, again,
Aug. 11, 1818
1818
Died in office.
Leonard Henderson,
1808
1816
Eesigned.
Joshua G. Wright,
1808
1811
Died in office.
APPENDIX O.— {Continued).

05C35

Names.

Henry Seawell,
Henry Seawell, again,
Henry Seawell, again,
Edward Harris,
Duncan Canaeron,
Thomas Euffin,
Thomas Euffin, again,
Joseph J. Daniel,
Eobert H. Burton,
John Paxton,
John D. Toomer,
John D. Toomer, again,
Frederick Nash,
Frederick Nash, again,
Archibald D. Murphy,
James Iredell,
John E. Donnel,
WUlie P. Mangum,
W. P. Mangum, again,

From

July 5,

Feb.

1811 1813183218111814
1816
July 16, 1826
March, 1816
March, 18181818
1818 1836
18181836
1818
March, 181918191819
May 18, 1826

To

1811 181918361813
Nov. 1816
Dec. 1818
182818321818 18261819
1840 1826
1844 1820
May, 181918361823 1826

Remarks.

Commission expired.
Eesigned. Died in office.
Died in office.
Eesigned.
Eesigned.Eesigned.
See Appendix F.
Eesigned.
Died in office.
Eesigned. See Appendix F.
Eesigned. See 1856.
Eesigned. See Appendix F.
Eesigned.Eesigned.Eesigned.Eesigned. Commission expired.

W. V. Mangum, again,
William Norwood,
George E. Badger,
Eobert Strange,
James Martin,
David L. Swain,
Tlioma.s Settle,
Eomulus M. Saunders,
Edward Hall,
John M. Dick,
John L. Baily,
Eiclunontl M. Pearson,
David F. Caldwell,
Matthias E. Manly,
Augustus Moore,
Wm. H. liattle,
Wm. 11. Hattlo, again,
John W. Ellis,
li. M. Saunders, again,
Samuel J. Person,

Feb.

1828
Aug. 17,1820 18201820 1826
1830 1832
1835 1840 18351836 18361844184018481840
1849184818521864

1830 18361825 183618351832 1854
18401841

1848

1848 18481852

Elected to U. S. Senate.
Eesigned.Eesigned. Elected to U. S. Senate.
Eesigned.
Elected Governor.
Eesigned. Eesigned. Commission expired.
Now in office, 1868.
Now in office, 1858.
See Appendix F.
Now in office, 1858.
Now in office, 1858.
Eesigned. Soe Appendix F.
Sec A])pcndix F.
Eesigned, 1858.*
Now in ofiicc, 185S.
Ecsia-ncd, 1858.*

* R. U. Heath and Jesse fi. SliopUerd have been appointed by tho Governor to fill these vacancies.

CO
-I

138

CHEONOLOGY OF NOETH CAEOLINA.

APPENDIX P.
PUBLICATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA, ISoS.

Titles of Publications.

Published at

Conducted by

Annals of Southern Methodism,

Wilmington,

Chas. F. Deems.

American Advocate,

Kinston,

Asheville Spectator,

Asheville,

Henry E. Colton.

Asheville News,

((

T. W. Atkin.

Biblical Recorder,

Raleigh,

J. J. James.

Beaufort Journal,

Beaufort,

John Nichols.

Chapel Hill Gazette,

Chapel Hill,

Jas. M. Henderson.

Carolina Baptist,

Hendersonville,

W. A. G. Brown.

Citizen,

Murfreesboro',

S. J. Wheeler.

Clinton Independent,

Clinton,'

E. L. Perkins.

Carolina Watchman,

Salisbury,

J. J. Bruner.

Democrat,

Madison,

Daily Progress,

Newberne,

J. L. Pennington.

Fayetteville Observer,

Fayetteville,

E. J. Hale & ^on.

" Carolinian,

((

Giraffe,

Raleigh,

R. H. Whitaker.

Greensboro' Patriot,

Greensboro',

Sherwood & Long.

Goldsboro' "

Goldsboro',

" Tribune,
11 '
W. Robinson.
Herald of Truth,
Hendersonville,
Wm. Hicks.
Hillsboro' Recorder,
Hillsboro',
Dennis Heartt.
Iredell Express,
Statesville,
E. B. Drake.
Jonesville Enterprise,
Jonesville,
G. M. Bacon.
Leisure Hour,
Oxford,
T. B. Kingsbury.
Milton Chronicle,
Yanceyville,
C. N. B. Evans.
N. C. Standard,
Raleigh,
Holden & Wilson.
" Journal of Education,
Greensboro',
W. D. Campbell.
" Presbyteriail,
Fayetteville,
McNeill & Miller.
" Whig,
Charlotte,
T. J. Holton.
" Almanac,
Raleigh,
H. D. Turner.
" Christian Advocate,
4(
R. T. Heflin.
" Planter,
Raleigh,
A. M. Gorman.
" Statist,
li
Quent. Busbee.
Newberne Express,
Newberne,
C. G. Davenporte.
" Gazette,
(E
T. R. Murray.
People's Press,
Salem,
Blumm & Son,
Pioneer,
Elizabeth City,
Primitive Baptist,
Wake Couuty,
Rev.  Temple.
Raleigh Register,
Raleigh,
J. W. Syme.
Republican Banner,
Salisbury,
J. M. Newson.
Rutherford Enquirer,
Rutherfordton,
G. W. Logan.
Salem Almanac,
Salem,
Blumm & Son.
Spirit of the Age,
Raleigh,
A. M. Gorman.
CHRONOLOGY OF NORTH CAROr.IXA. 139
PUBLICATIONS.— (Con^iKwtZ.)

Titles of Publications.

Published at

Conducted by

Southerner,

Tarboro',

i

The Times,

Greensboro',

Cole & Albright. !

The New Era,

Newberne,

-Muse & Davies.

The Medical Journal,

"

Dr. J. G. Trull.

University Magazine,

Chapel Hill,

Students.

Washington Dispatch,

Washington,

R. Grainger.

Washington Tiraes,

it

W. Eborne. i

Weldon Patriot,

Weldon,

W. W. Daniel & Co.

Weekly Message,

Greensboro',

Mrs. Bumpass.

Western Sentinel,

Winston,

Alspaugh & Bonner,

Wilmington Journal,

Wilmington,

Fulton & Price, i

" Herald,

*'

C. E. & R. Burr.

Warrenton News,

Warrenton,

!

Wilson Ledger,

Wilson,

A. D. Tumbro. i

Western Democra.t,

Charlotte,

W. J. Yeates. '¦

Weekly Express,

Newberne,

C. G. Davenporte. j

N.B. — There are perhaps others ; but their editors failing to respond,
as well as some of the above, the list is as perfect as it could be made in
time. PcB.

INDEX.

{The figures refer to the dates in the body of the work)

Adams, John, 1826.
Adams, J. Q., 1767, 1848.
Alamance, battle of, 1771.
Alexander, Mrs. S., 1856.
Alston, N. M., 1856.
Alston, Willis, 1837.
Amidas and Barlow, 1584.
Badger, G. E., 1796.
Baily, J. L., 1796.
Baker, Blake, 1818.
Ballard, K., 1834.
Barringer, J. P., 1778,
1807.
Battle, Elisha, 1723, 1799.
Biggs, Asa, 1811.
Boyden, Nath., 1796.
Branch, John, 1782.
Bragg, Thos., 1810.
Brooks, Preston S., 1857.
Browder, P., 1824, 1854.
Brown, Bedford, 1795.
Brunswick, town of, 1761.
Buchanan, Jas., 1791.
Burgwin, J. H. K., 1847.
Burke, Gov., 1783.
Burrington, George, 1724,
1731.
Burton, H. G., 1836.

Caldwell, D., 1725, 1824.
Caldwell, J., 1773, 1835.
Caldwell, D. F., 1792.
Caldwell, G. W., 1811.
Calhoun, J. C, 1850.
Camden, battle of, 1780.
Campbell, T. J., 1809.
Cameron, J. A., 1838.
Carrington, N. M., 1856.
Caswell, Eichard, 1729.
Chang and Eng, 1811.
Charleston, S. C, 1680,
1780.
Charter of Charles IL, 1663,
1729.
Cherry, W. W. 1846.
Church, the first in N. C,
1705.
Commission of Gen. Wash
ington, 1775.
Congress, the Continental,
1774.
Congress, Provincial, of N.
C, 1776, 1776.
Constitution of N. C, 1776,
1836.
Constitution, federal, 1788,
1789.

INDEX.

141

Cornwallis, 173S, 1805.
Courts, D. W., 1800.
Cowpens, battle of, 1781.
Cox, Mrs. Serena, 1866.
Craig, Burton, 1811.
Crocker, M. D., 1848.
Croom, n. B., 1837.
Daniel, J. J., 1848.
Daniel, Beverly, 1840.
Davidson, Wm., 1781.
Davie, Wm. E., 1766.
Davis, James, 1749.
Deberrv, Edmund, 1787.
Deems," C. F., 1820.
Dobbs, Arthur, 1764, 1765.
Dockery, Alfred, 1797.
Drummond, Wm., 1663.
Eccles, J. D., 1856.
Edney, Eev. Samuel, 1825.
Eden, P., 1716, 1722.
Eden, Charles, 1713, 1722.
Election,Presidential,1789. Ellis, J. W., 1820.
Elizabeth, Queen, 1603.
Eutaw, battle of, 1781.
Everhard, Eichard, 1725.
Everitt, S. B., 1791, 1865.
Fillmore, Millard, 1800.
Finch, J. J., 1814, 1850.
Fisher, Chas., 1789, 1849.
Foreman. Joshua, 1849.
Fox, Geo'., 1672, 1681.
Freeman, E. E., 1820, 1854.
Gales, Joseph, 1842.
Gaston, Wm., 1778, 1844.
Gaston, Alexander, 1781.
Germantown, battle of,
1777.

George HI., 1760, 1761.
George IV., 1762.
Graham, George, 1826.
Graham, W. A., 1804.
Grant, James, 1791, 1834.
Green, Nathaniel, 1786.
Grist, Frederick, 1811.
Guilford, battle of, 1781.
Hall, John, 1833.
Harris, C, 1762, 1825.
Harrison,W.H., 1773, 1841.
Hassel, James, 1771.
Hawkins, B., 1754, 1816.
Haywood, S., 1824.
Henderson, Eichard, 1735.
Henderson, P., 1756, 1842.
Henderson, A., 1768, 1822.
Henderson, L., 1833.
Henry, L. D., 1788, 1846.
Hill, Whitmel, 1743, 1797.
Hill, WiUiam, 1773, 1857.
Hooper, Wm., 1742, 1790.
Holden, W. W., 1850.
Holmes, Owen, 1841.
Hoskins, Charles, 1846.
Howe, Eobert, 1776.
Hunter, H., 1755, 1827.
Hughes, Joseph, 1779.
Hyde, Gov., 1712.
Independence, 1776.
Insurrection among slaves,
1775, 183r.
Iredell, J., 1750, 1799.
Iredell, J., Jr., 1788.
Jackson, A., 1767, 1845.
James I., 1618.
Jefferson, Thomas, 1743,
1775, 1826.

142

INDEX.

Jenkins, Gov., 1680.
James, A. A., 1865.
Jones, Edward, 1842.
Johnston, G., 1734, 1762.
Johnston, Fort, 1744, 1775.
Kenan, Thomas, 1843.
Kings Mountain, battle of,
1780.
Leigh, H. G., 1793, 1863.
Lennon, Dennis, 1842.
Lenoir, Wm., 1751.
Lexington, battle of, 1776.
LiUington, Geo., 1704.
Lincoln, Benj., 1733, 1810.
Locke, Matthew, 1801.
Locke, Francis, 1766.
Lowrie, S., 1766, 1818.
Ludwell, Gov., 1693.
Macon, N., 1757, 1837.
Madison, James, 1751.
Mangum, W. P., 1792.
Marion, F., 1732, 1795.
Martin, F. X., 1762, 1846.
Martin, Josiah, 1771, 1776.
Martin, Alexander, 1807.
Mathis, Samuel, 1823.
McDowell, Charles, 1815.
McDonald, Flora, 1790.
McDowell, Joseph, 1758.
McFarland, J., 1813, 1854.
McKay, Spruce, 1808.
McKay, J. J., 1793.
McPheeters, Wm., 1778,
1842.
Massacre in N. C, 1711.
Mebane, Alexander, 1767.
Mecklenburg Declaration,
1775.

Mills, Wm. 1766.
Monroe, James, 1831.
Montgomery, Wm., 1844,
Moore, Alfred, Sen.
Moore's Creek, battle of,
1776.
Moore, Maurice, 1777.
Moore, Alfred, Jr., 1837.
Moore, Augustus, 1851.
Mordecai, Moses, 1785.
Morecock, Edward, 1856.
Morehead, J. M., 1798.
Morgan, Daniel, 1802.
Mosely, Madame Anne,
1704, 1712.
Nash, Frederick, 1781.
Nash, Francis, 1777.
Nelson, W. M., 1856.
Newspaper, first in N. C,
1764.
New inlet^ 1761.
Newberne, N. C, 1709.
Outlaw, Edward, 1856.
Owen, John, 1787.
Owen, James,- 1784.
Paine, E. T., 1812.
Parks, W. J., 1866.
Patton, Samuel, 1854.
Pearson, Joseph, 1834.
Pearce, Mrs. F., 1856.
Penn, John, 1741, 1788.
Pierce, Franklin, 1804.
Pitt, William, 1778.
Pollock, Gov., 1722.
Pollock, Geo., 1837.
Polk, Wm., 1834.
Polk, J. K., 1849.
Phifer, John, 1845.

INDEX.

143

Potter, Samuel, 1847.
Ealeigh, Sir W., 1618.
Ealeigh, city of, 1788,
1831.
Eamsours Mill, battle of,
1780.
Eeade, E. G., 1813.
Eeid, D. S., 1813.
Eex, John, 1839.
Eice, Nathaniel, 1734.
Eights, Declaration of,
1776. .
Eobards, Wm., 1842.
Eogers, E. H., 1847.
Eowan, Matthew, 1754.
Euffiu, Thomas, 1786.
Euffin, Thomas, Jr., 1820.
Saunders, E. M., 1791.
Seawell, H., 1772, 1835.
Selby, B. M., 1794, 1866.
Sevier, John, 1815.
Sharpe, Wm., 1742.
Shepard, C. B., 1807, 1843.
Shelb}^, L, 1760, 1826.
Sitgreaves, John, 1800.
Smith, Isaac, 1834.
Sothel, Seth, 1683.
Spaight, E. D., 1796, 1860.
Speight, Jesse, 1795, 1847.
Spencer, Samuel, 1794.
Stamp Act, 1766, 1766.
Stanly, John, 1834.
Steele, John, 1764, 1815.
Steele, Mrs. E., 1790.
Strange, E., 1796, 1854.
Stone, David, 1770, 1818.
Swain, D. L., 1801.
Tarleton, Gen., 1754, 1833.

Taylor, Gen.Z., 1784, 1850.
Taylor, J. F., 1791, 1828.
Taylor, J. L., 1829.
Tennessee ceded. 1790.
Toomer, J. D., 1856.
Treaty of Peace, 1783.
Tryon, Wm., 1765, 1770,
1771.
Turner, Daniel, 1796.
Turner, James, 1824.
Tyler, John, 1790.
University of N. C, 1789,
1795.
Van Buren, Martin, 1782.
Venable, A. W., 1799.
Wait, Samuel, 1834.
Walker, Henderson, 1704.
Warren, Gen., 1775.
Washington, Gen. Geoege,
1732, 1783, 1789, 1799.
Wayne, Anthony, 1796.
Wheeden, J. J., 1848.
Wheeler, John, 1832.
Wheeler, John H., 1806.
White, H. L., 1773, 1840.
Wilkinson, Gov., 1681.
William IV., 1765.
Williams, M., 1772, 1860.
Williams, John, 1799.
Williams, Eobert, 1842.
Williamson, Lewis, 1842.
Williamson, J. G. A., 1842.
Williamson, Hugh, 1735,
1819.
Wilson, L. D., 1789, 1847.
Winslow, Warren, 1810.
Wright, J. G., 1811.
Yorktown, battle of, 1781.

APPENDLS TO INDEX.

Swain, George,
Erwin, Andrew, Col.
Newton, George, Eev.
Warm Springs,
The Black Mountain,
" Buncombe Men," —
D. L. Swain, Samuel Edney, Philip Brittain,
John Clayton, James Askew, James Johnson,
Humphrey Posey, James M. Smith, J. Bar
nett, B. and Z. Baird, Benj. Davidson, Thos.
Foster, James M. Alexander, John Johnson,
James Lowery, James Patton, James Gudger,
George Jones, John Patton, John Woodfin,
John Miller, Thomas Case,
Mitchell, Elisha, D.D 

26
27
29 82 87

96-

-111 111

"Asheville Messenger." — All the articles from this paper *ere
written by James M. Edney ; the one on the " Black Mountain" in 1851,
instead of 1S51, as quoted.

JAME^ M. EDNEY,
COMMISSION MERCHAIT,
147 CHAMBERS STREET, BTEW YORK,
Puys and forwfeirds every kind of Merchandise for 2^ per cent, conj-
mission. Dealer in
PIANOS, MELODEONS, ORGANS, HARPS, GUITARS, MUSIC,,.
SEWING MACHINES, lEOX SAFES, PU.MPS, CAEDEN" ENG-INBS, ETC.
A printed list of all the different makers, kinds and prices, sent free.
AGENT roR
"THE. AVOKBE.U¥\]Tu PT33\IP,"
Raising Water 150 Feet ^y Hand. Prices, from $20 to $60.
Publisher of an elegant lithograph of '¦ HICKORY JVUT FALLS;-
N. C, 9+12 in., seiit free, 50 cents. Also,
CHEROKEE PHYSICIAN-
OR, INDIAN GUIDE TO HEALTH.
This invaluable Family Adviser should be in every house. It treats
of all diseases, has a copious glossary, and prescribes the remedies from
Nature's bounteous stores, for all our infirmities and misfortunes. It is
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and is mailed free fortine dollar. Also, a splendid lithograph, 19-jr24
inches, of all the
BXSKOFS OF THE IKE. E. CHURCa, SOUTH,
Including Bascom and Capers, from original copies, approved by them
selves. This splendid picture sent free on the receipt of one dollar.
He has every kind of Fbisting and Stbreottpikg done in the best
.manner, such as Books, Catalogues, Diplomas, etc., etc. Alse, Engrav
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^^' Refers to Govs. Swain and Morehead ; N. W. Woodfin, J. W.
tOsborne, C. P. Mendenhall, A. M. Gorman, Esqrs. ; Hon. Wm. A. Gra
ham, J. R. Dodge, T. R. Loring ; Revs. C. F. Deems, M. T. Heflin, S. M.
Frost N. 0. ; and' Rev. W. M. Wightman, Andrew Wallace, John W.
Stoy, F. F. Beattie, Govan Mills, Richard Yeadon, Esqrs. ; Hou. B. F.
Perry, S. C; A. M. McPheeters, & Co., J^, H. Coleman, J.B. Odora, Esqs.,
and Abingdon Virginian, Va., etc., etc.
.Rosewood Iron Frame Pianos, from %l50^upv}ards, warranted in
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3 9002