r MUDD Mwv25 1842P YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE OBJECT OP THE MINISTRY. SERMON PREACHED AT THE INSTALLATION REV. SAMUEL OSGOOD, AS PASTOR OF THE WESTMINSTER CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN PROVIDENCE, DECEMBER 29, 1841. By REV. EPHRAIM PEABODY. PROVIDENCE: B. CRANSTON AND COMPANY. 1843. SERMON. 2 Corinthians, 5: 17. AND ALL THINGS ARE OF GOD, WHO HATH RECONCILED US TO HIMSELF BY JESUS CHRIST, AND HATH GIVEN TO US THE MINISTRY OF RECONCILIATION. What is the object of the Christian Ministry'? What shall it propose to itself as its great and ap propriate work ? This question has practically received very dif ferent answers. By multitudes, in many lands, re ligion has been regarded as little more than an in strument of state ; the altar valued as one of the buttresses of the throne ; the members of the priest hood as subordinate agents of the civil power. The state has supported religion, and she, faithless to her divine commission, has been the slave of the state. Then there have been some, who, without ex cluding other objects, have described the ministry, as if its main purpose should be to promote the present welfare of men. They who enter on that office are to be the peacemakers of society, to do away unkindness and enmities, to cultivate litera ture, to be the promoters of taste, to look after the interests of education, to bring the rich and poor together in friendly relations, and to allay the sorrows of life and the anxieties of death by the consolations of religious hope — their object not so much to effect a change in the principles .by which the worldly, the selfish, and the sinful are governed, as to soften the harsher expressions of their pre sent principles, — to make the most out of those by which they are now controlled, — to smooth the surface, while the substance remains much the same. Others, and those perhaps especially in the min istry, have seemed to consider as its chief object, the protection of men against heresy and theo logical error. They have regarded themselves as set in defence of the gospel, not in the sense in which the apostle used these words, but in defence of a few theological opinions, and these, perhaps, the most abstract and least practical of all. They have preached the Christ of contention, have drawn from religion only subjects for metaphysical con troversy, and turned the temple of God into an are na for earthly strife. That in many of the relations referred to, the ministry has exerted a useful and beneficent influ ence, no one can doubt ; nor can we any more doubt, I think, that its influence in these respects should be not so much the direct object of its labors, as the incidental, though natural results of labors di rected to still higher objects. What then is the first and supreme object to which the ministry should be devoted 1 There can be no question more important to those who hold that office, and none more suitable to an occasion like this. In general terms it would be said, and said truly, that the object of the ministry is to meet the spiritual wants, of society. But what is the great spiritual want of society 1 In answering this question, let us, dismissing all theological phrases and speculations, look simply at the actual condition of mankind. Go down into the streets and the lanes, to the wharves and to the exchange, to the thoroughfares of traffic and the places of toil — and what is the spiritual condition of men 1 And here, that what I have to say may not be misunderstood, let me not be thought to underrate the virtues of men. As we look over the world, there is much that is bright, in the moral prospect, to greet the eye. No where, and at no time, is all dark. Mingling in strange contrast, like summer valleys under the shadow of alpine glaciers, like a southern wind of spring, breathing through the naked scenes which winter has left, amidst these scenes of human labor and competition, there every where appear kind affections and self-denying prin ciples. The selfish contests, the sordid passions of men, are softened by higher sentiments. He that toils for wealth, as he counts over his gains, feels not merely the glow of successful avarice. The thought of home, like a blessed but invisible presence, goes with him into the place of labor. He thinks of those most dear to him, who, when he is gone, shall by his labors be blessed with competence and inde pendence. The ambitious man rejoices in success, for his children, when he is in his grave, shall re member their parent with more affectionate respect, knowing that in life he was honored and respected by his fellow men. Many noble sentiments grace the place of business, and disinterested acts enno ble the humblest callings, and integrity creates trust and makes men worthy of trust. Nor is all light from heaven shut out. Many a thanksgiving goes up to God from amidst blessings, and many a resigned heart cleaves to him in affliction. When all to the prophet seemed hopeless, there were thou sands in Israel who had not bowed the knee to Baal; and in the darkest hours of Christendom, multi tudes of pious souls have remained, to preserve the light of heaven amidst the gloom of earth, as in the darkest day there are breaks in the clouds through which the sunbeams stream in to light up with spots of beauty the breadth of the vallies, or to crown with passing splendor the summits of the hills. All is not evil in the world. Kind affec tions, disinterested virtues, and visions of pious trust, cast gleams of sunshine on the paths of men. Were it not for these, the world would be uninhab itable. The competitions of men for worldly suc cess and selfish aggrandizement, would be as the struggle of gaunt and famished wolves over their prey in the desert. But rate these virtues as high as we may, and make as large exceptions as we may, still, what is the spiritual condition of the multitudes of mankind? If life were a mere holiday, and the virtues of men merely the grace and ornament of summer hours, and no immortal issues were depending on these mortal lives, the question would be comparatively unimportant. But life is not a mere holiday. We may use the words till familiarity deadens their meaning, but still what a momentous truth it is, that we are here but the pilgrims and sojourners of a day; that here is not our home ; that the shadows of eternity, which like those of the descending sun rapidly lengthen and whose chill approach we feel, must soon enclose us ; and that beyond the sphere of this world we must render account of all that we have done, and, not less dread thought, of all we have left undone, to the Judge of the quick and dead, who is of too pure eyes to behold iniquity. Were life to end at the grave, take away the ideas of duty, of God, of futurity, of retribution, and our- doings here would be of little moment. But eter nity gives a fearful solemnity to even the common est daily acts. These toils, these pleasures of to day, shall reappear again in their spiritual conse quences. Were the superficial veils that hide the realities of life, to drop, over every hall of pleasure we should behold it written ; " Thou that enterest here art accountable ;" and over every place of business, " Thou that toilest here art accountable ;" and over all the paths of men, " Thou art accounta ble to God." This one word — accountability — so lemnizes life. If man is spiritual, immortal and accountable, if hour by hour, as waters towards the sea, we move on towards the judgment seat of a Holy God, if we are to prepare for a heaven of holiness, into which none but a penitent and holy heart may en ter, if these things which religion teaches, at which the good have trembled while they hoped, and from 8 which the sceptic has shrunk in awe even when he denied, if these things are true, then are they the most solemn realities of existence. Now what is the condition of men in respect to these all-important truths 1 Is the world governed by these great truths of heaven, or by worldly ex pediency and worldly enjoyment/? Must we not say, fearful as the thought is, that the world rules in the heart of man, and that God does not rule there? I mean not to say that there have not been multitudes of the redeemed, who, in penitence andi piety and faith have passed on to their reward in heaven ; nor that multitudes now on the earth are not following in the same blessed road. Nay, more; in a christian country, few can b.e found whose characters have not been more or less affected by christian influences. In the long night of an Arctic winter, a pale and spectral dawn comes and goes, even when the sun does not appear above the hori zon. So on the worst men, some rays of christian truth have shone, and although unheeded, have done something to enlighten and warm and guide their souls. But after making all possible exceptions, what is the condition of multitudes'? The law of God goes to the principles by which life is controlled. And to a vast extent, must we not confess, that men are governed by worldly principles — that on the throne before which men bow, not God, but the world sits and is adored 1 What then is the great spiritual want ? It is the regeneration of the heart — the recovery of man from the dominion of the world, of selfishness, 9 of sin, to the benignant and holy sway of God. For the worldly, the sinful, the first, essential, supreme want, is repentance, regeneration, a new life, a com plete revolution not of a few external habits, of a few inward feelings, but of the very principles which control all habits, all thoughts, all feelings, all pur poses, till in the soul where the world reigned, God shall reign and supreme ; a change of heart, a sur render of the human will to the Divine, until we can say, where God calls we will go, what He bids we will do ; His will shall be our will, whether to do or to bear. Repentance, regeneration, the forgive ness of sin and that peace with God which is prom ised to the penitent soul ; here lies the great spir itual want of the world. And every worldly man, and every unregenerate man, however he may ap pear to men, not less than the most pious and de vout, in every hour of thoughtfulness feels this to be true, — that till this change of heart takes place which transforms him who was subject to the world, into a trusting child of God, that life has been wasted and lost. How startling are the revelations which are perpetually coming up from the depths of human souls, bearing testimony to this great truth. The young woman whom you have seen pass only in gay and brilliant throngs — who seemed a creature of the sunshine — with no thought but for the hour, and no cloud ever passing over her path, seeks you out alone. She seeks counsel and guidance ; and with amazement you hear a revelation of an inward life, which makes that glittering outward show seem as a fearful mockery. That creature of the 2 10 sunshine, — it has been bright without, but within have been trembling and fear and darkness. Under the robes of pleasure, she has worn, not indeed the girdle of penance, but the self-condemning heart. You hear of months passed in religious anxieties. She has tried to pray and dared not. She has tried to lose herself in the world and could not She has tried to unbosom herself to friends, but her tongue has refused its office. She has sought peace in intellectual pursuits, in the indulgences of taste, in the gaities of the world, and has not found it. For every where has come up the thought of death, of immortality, of accountability, of God. She has felt that she has lived for herself and for the world, and not as a child of God, and a crea ture of eternity. Her companions might laugh at her fears, or endeavor to allay them by pointing to an unblamed outward life. But the deepest and the truest instincts of her soul refuse such solace. In bitterness of spirit she says, — what shall I do to be saved 1 Where shall I find peace 1 And you cannot but answer, and she feels its truth, only by a change of heart, by repentance, by a self-surrender of the soul to God. Nor is it so with the young and sensitive only or chiefly. The man of business, ripe with years, wise in counsel, energetic in action, honored and imitated, meets you under circumstances in which, his cares for a time cease to engross him. He speaks of his past life — and speaks of it in sadness. You may say that it has been attended by success and an untarnished name. Alas ! he replies, there is not the difficulty. Success seems a slight thing 11 as old age approaches. Doubtless I have main tained a character for integrity ; — my business success depended on it. Pride has protected me from acts of meanness and words of falsehood. But here is not the seat of the trouble. And he tells you, and sometimes it may be in tears, such as nothing else but the death of wife or child could wring from him, I have been a wordly and sinful man. I have desired to die the death of the right eous and yet have not lived his life. My heart has not been right and I have looked forward to the hour of change, from youth to manhood, from man hood to riper years, and the hour has not come. I do not say that I have been guilty of immoralities, but the law of my conduct has been found in worldly expediency. I have lived without God in the world, or have thought of Him only in fear, and with the effort to exclude the thought from my mind. And yet, day after day, the question comes up and will make itself heard; — what shall I do to besaved? — where shall I find peace? Tell him any thing short of this — that he needs a change of heart, that the first step towards peace, is repent ance, regeneration, a complete revolution of the very principles by which life is governed, and he will feel and know, as you feel and know, that you are trifling with his most solemn interests. How often is the minister of the gospel called to sick and dying beds. Many there lie in the tran quillity of hope, and many in insensibility. But how often, when the mind is neither fevered nor prostrated by sickness, will the sick man turn to him, and with almost imploring eyes, in feeble and 12 whispered accents, as if man might help him, say, I am not ready to die ! And the reason is, that in that hour, rises over the past, black and threat ening and casting its shadows far into the future, a cloud of unrepented sins, and in which, because there has been no repentance, there hangs no rain bow of mercy and promise. There are fears and sorrows enough in the world, but all together, are not to be thought of in compari son with the anxiety, the despondency, the feverish efforts after self-forgetfulness which sin occasions. The burden which weighs down the heart of the world, is the burden of unrepented sin. It is this which dries up the dew of life and brings clouds over its brightest noon. And these convictions of the guilt and danger of sin, deep as they may be, are rarely deeper than are warranted by the gospel. Why did God burst through the laws of nature and appear in his power among the children of men? It was not to rescue men from any slight evil — not to rescue individu als, or even nations, from temporal calamity, but to rescue man from sin. The first teachings of John and of Christ were, repent. The death of Jesus is a divine attestation to all ages, of the danger and evil of sin ; for the magnitude of the evil is only seen when we consider the wondrous interpositions, the magnitude of the influences by which God would save man from it. 'And the revelations of Christ of a judgment to come, uttered tenderly in deed, but with awful solemnity and distinctness, who that knows his own heart shall read them and not tremble. It is the very tenderness of the 13 Saviour's character which gives such force to these revelations. It is no harsh and unfeeling being, who would needlessly excite the terrors of men, but one who could weep for and over his enemies, who in affectionate, solemn warning, lifts up the veil and discloses, gleaming far away, the disas trous penalties of sin, and then drops it again over the dread abyss. And these convictions which men have of the guilt and danger of sin, are not superficial feelings about unimportant things. All men sometimes have them, unless frivolity has frittered away the soul, or the intellect hardened like an encrustation around the heart and stifled its natural action ; and the worst man knows that his best and most reasonable hours are when these convictions are felt most deeply. The excitements about the gains and losses of the day may be frivolous and idle ; but these emotions, when the soul ponders its des tiny and is moved by immortal truth, no one may venture to call trivial or meaningless. Then, as the tides of earth are moved by the attraction of the skies, the soul is moved by heavenly influences. Then God is passing over and the soul of man acknowledges his presence. Now into such a world — a world where sin abounds, where multitudes are heedless of duty and God — where multitudes struggle with unequal strength against temptation — where the best often fall short of duty, — and yet a world of dying, immor tal and accountable beings — into this world the christian minister enters. Of his own choice, he seeks this field of labor. 14 What then must be his object? The condition of mankind decides what it must be. He must labor for the salvation of men from sin. He must labor to convert sinners to God, to confirm the wavering in christian principle, and to encourage and keep alive the spirit of the pious. He has more to do than to state from Sabbath to Sabbath, moral truths and serious reflections, which shall merely be in harmony with pure and right feeling. He has something more to do than to discuss ques tions of philosophy, or debate with imaginary antagonists doubtful points in theology. When he looks on the world as it is, he must feel that his purpose must be, as far as Providence shall aid, the conversion of men, their regeneration, their salva tion ; to lead men to take their stand on christian principle, to make that the law of heart and life; by that to live and in that to die. His purpose cannot be less than this, it cannot be more. — Around him Sabbath after Sabbath gather those who look to him for instruction, the sinful as well as the good, the tempted, the wavering, the falling, the fallen ; immortal beings, whose spiritual inter ests are their highest interests. In a few years each and all shall have gone to their account. The seats now filled, shall still be filled, but with another generation. As a christian minister looks on a con gregation, not of strangers,7 but of friends, and considers how soon the lives of all must close, and both he and they appear before God; when he remembers that his influence will go far to deter mine the standard of duty for a generation, and that if he do no good he must do evil, because he 15 shuts out from a place of power some other one who might be more useful, what object should he, what object can he have in view, but to induce those who listen to him, to take their stand on christian ground, to repent of sin, to become followers of Christ. There are other useful works to be done in the world — this is his work. If he accomplish not this, as a minister, he does nothing and worse than nothing. It is a good work to gratify the taste of men, to nourish and feed the sentiment of the beautiful. But this is the work of the poet, the artist, the literary man. The minister who should make this his object, trifles with the souls of those who repose confidence in him. The cultivation of science is a good and needful work, but it is not the work of a minister. Affairs of state are of suffi cient moment worthily to occupy the ablest minds, but they are not what should engross the mind of a christian minister. To these pursuits, as an occu pation and end, there are men whose lives are dedicated. They are not the pursuits to which the life of a christian minister is dedicated. The object of the ministry, the object to which the christian minister devotes himself when he enters the pulpit, is to arouse men to the consideration of their spirit ual interests, to awaken their spiritual natures, to make them familiar with duty, with truth, with Jesus, with God, to save their souls from the slavery of selfishness, of the world and of sin. Of his own choice he takes part in that work for which Christ lived and died. He puts himself in a place where he must for evil or good exert much influence on the souls of men ; where his fidelity, with the aid 16 of Providence, shall open above them the light of heaven, or where, if he be unfaithful he must shut out that light. If with his most faithful and devout endeavors he accomplish nothing, then his purpose, in the judgment, shall stand in place of the deed. But if he labor not truly for the recovery of men from sin, for the regeneration of human souls, for the promotion of holiness, he is faithless to his office. If he labor not for this, if he devote not himself to this, no matter what else he may be, no matter how wise, how honored, when his last days have come and he reviews the past, he shall feel that standing where he has stood, occupying the trust he has occupied, he has been faithless to his office, has mocked at the most solemn interests of the souls that have looked to him for impulse and direction in the way to Heaven ; that his life has been a miserable, wretched, disastrous failure. However men may speculate, the christian min ister does, as a matter of fact, hold a peculiar relation to others. What a sphere of influence is opened before him. What opportunity could the politician or the philanthropist desire in which to sway the minds of men, greater than that possessed by the christian minister, who from Sunday to Sunday a hundred times in the year, may urge on hundreds of willing auditors the truths in which he is interested. For this opportunity of influence he is responsible. Then he must exert influence. His life and instructions will practically determine for multitudes their views of the christian charac ter. On him, more than on any single earthly influence, it will probably depend, whether the 17 everlasting truths of God shall be felt to be of infinite moment, or not be felt at all. He may by his unfaithfulness, stifle religion among his people, or with God's blessing, breathe new life into their hearts. He who stands in such a position, whose hand daily touches on the springs of life in human souls, who, as far as man has power over man, does practically open or shut for them the gates of heaven, is and must be accountable for the trust. These are considerations, at which no one can look without trembling ; but let us look at them, not to shrink from a trust, but that we may be more faithful. The object to which the christian ministry is devoted is the regeneration of men by the power of christian truth. There can be no higher object for human effort, and it is an object of too momen tous a nature, to allow of its holding only a divided interest in the mind. That man's life, as a chris tian minister, is thrown away, to whom this object is not the engrossing one. And when it is the engrossing object of a pure and devout heart, no limits may be set to the holy influence which shall be exerted. With such an object, the weak be come strong, and the ignorant wise, for God is with them, and they are fellow-workers with Him. And the christian influence of any sect of Chris tians must depend on their fidelity to this object. The sect which in our times has exerted the deepest, the broadest, the most beneficent influence on the religious condition of mankind, is probably that of the Methodists. We may not receive all its doctrines nor like its form of church government, but almost 18 within the memory of some now living, it has be come one of the largest sects of Christendom ; nor this alone — it has not only nourished the flame of piety in its own bosom, but it has quickened all other sects with a new life. The blessing of God has been upon it ! Where, so far as human means are concerned, has lain its power? Not in the number of its distinguished scholars, nor of its wise and great names. Not in its theological specula tions and controversies ; for these, more than most sects, it has abjured. Not in its church go vernment, nor in its forms and modes of administra tion, for these, without the spirit underneath, to give them life, are nothing, are a dead weight and an incumbrance. In what has consisted its power? It has sought the end which Christ sought, and has sought it faithfully. It has devoted itself to the promotion of holiness, of greater holiness in society and in the individual heart ; and in this de votion to the all-embracing end of Christianity has resided its power. Holiness, th e necessity of greater holiness ; this is the principle on which it is founded. When the Wesleys and their friends met in Oxford, and spent days and nights in fasting and prayer, it was because they themselves pined after a holier life. And as they drew nearer to God, and the spirit of Jesus more entirely filled their hearts, and as they looked out on the waste-places of the world, their hearts burned to go forth and win others to the blessed peace which they themselves had found. At a time when religion seemed dying out of the hearts of men, they went forth like the apos tles of old, strong only in their weakness and their 19 faith ; and the word ever in their hearts, and ever on their lips,was, holiness ! — more of holiness before God ! Multitudes that had sat in darkness rejoiced at the sound, as at the rising of the day. New converts caught up the divine message, and in chapels, in private dwellings, in the fields, wherever men would listen, exhorted them to repentance and a holier life. Theologians might cavil at their dogmas, the refined might sneer at the rude forms in which the message was sometimes conveyed, yet the message was divine, and the hearts of multitudes bowed before it. The wrecker and the miner, degraded by all the vices of civilized life and by the ignorance of savage life, heard the call, and became the children of God ; and its echoes, spreading on all sides, penetrated even and stirred as by morning airs from heaven, the religious lethargy that slumbered under cathedral arches. What blessed influences, broadening out from the river to the sea have flowed from that fountain. There are many places on earth hallowed by the memorials of genius or by heroic deeds, but what one shall the pilgrim foot more gratefully visit, than the retired chamber, where the first Methodists, self-distrustful but fervent, chanted their hymns and uttered their prayers to God. Let it be observed that this great principle which formed the burden and the power of their preach ing was something entirely aside from their peculiar sectarian theology. Their theology might be wrong in many things, but that principle is a part of Christianity which all receive and believe to be of supreme importance. They were not peculiar in 20 receiving this principle, but if they were peculiar, they were so only in their fidelity to it, in the fer vent devoted faithfulness in which, as christian ministers, they labored for the regeneration and salvation of man. In their devotion to this object, we feel that they were christian ministers. And whoever, with a sincere and devout heart devotes himself to this work, no matter of what sect, no matter what his creed, is a christian minister. This was the end for which Christ lived and died, and this is the work for a minister of Christ. May this spirit abound in our churches, that hallowed by the prayers of the penitent and devout, they may be places where the Most High may delight to dwell ! In these remarks I would not forget the duties of others ; nor in speaking of the object of the christian ministry, would I ascribe to those who hold that office, a responsibility or a power greater than what belongs to them. They may labor and labor in vain. Their strength and their success is of God. Even Paul may plant and Apollos may water, still it is God who gives the increase. But the christian minister is responsible for his pur poses, and for the end to which his labors are dedicated. Nor can I imagine a happier lot than his, who, when life approaches its close, can look back and feel, that not for any personal advantage, but in sincere fidelity and devotion, he has labored for the good of human souls ; who is greeted by those, young and old, whose hearts he is permitted to feel that he has been in some degree an instrument of 21 awakening to penitence and leading to a lasting peace ; who with a true heart has labored to con duct men to holiness and God. If his life and his words have awakened one thoughtless heart, or whispered peace to one truly penitent and troubled spirit, it shall be a grateful memory to him, when all the praises of men and all the honors of life shall be as dust in the balance. Nor here alone. The hour rapidly comes, when minister and people shall alike depart; when, faithful or unfaithful, their labors over, the book of life shall be sealed and laid away for eternity. Happy he, the record of whose life in that book shall speak only of christian fidelity. Happy he, who in that day of account, when he stands trembling in the midst of a trembling world and dares not answer for himself, shall hear some one of that number, whom his persuasions have won to virtue and holiness, come forward and in that dread silence, answer for him. Infinitely happy, if he shall hear the voice of heaven, forgiving his imper fections, declare, " Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of these little ones, ye have done it unto me. Enter ye into the joy of your Lord." CHARGE, REV. NATHANIEL S. FOLSOM. Mr Brother, You have chosen the office of a Christian Pastor. You have received, not now for the first time, the sacred trust. You had borne it already in another field, from which you were called to this. Although the same great duties are sjtill before you, and you apprehend them not inadequately, yet in entering on them here, in becoming the Pastor and Teacher of the church and society who worship in this house of God, the occasion justifies the renewal of the impressive solemnities, with which your first sacred trust was committed to you : and to me, as one of the Council of ministers present, is assigned the delivery of the Charge. With whatever of authority this- office, to which I am now called, is invested, it resides not in me, nor in the Council in whose name I speak, but in the truth ; in the Church, which is "the pillar and ground of the truth ; " in the individual church, by whose appointment we are here convened, and which, independent of all ecclesiastical control from without, whether over itself, or over its pastor, is, for all its own religious purposes, the executive body of Him who has been made " Head over all things to the Church.," Your great duty, my brother, and comprehending every other, is to " preach the word " — " the truth of God " — " the gospel of Christ. " Preach it in its purity, and in 23 its fulness. Preach the truth " as the truth is in Jesus, " for it is in Jesus as it is in God. Preach it as contained in that Holy Record, the authority of which is implied in your office as a " minister of the New Testament, " and lies at the basis of it. Preach " the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ " — the reign of ho liness in the soul, begun on earth and perfected in Heaven. There is indeed truth which may be seen in the primal light of the human soul. There is truth, which may be read by all, in the Heavens and in the earth, and in the inner creation of man's immortal nature. There is a "law written in the heart, " there are natural sentiments of justice, goodness, truth. Whatever of these intuitions belong to man, Christianity recognizes, and addresses itself to them. It gives them strength and clearness. It moreover adds truths pertaining to the dearest interests of man, which were undiscovered until He revealed them, " who was in the bosom of the Father. " We cannot say that we know them, except as we rely on the author ity of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Beautiful, and sublime, and desirable to be believed they might seem to be, harmonizing with reason as perfectly as the full day- spring harmonizes with the first few beams of the earliest morn ; but they are not such as we can affirm either as matter of consciousness, or as the sure perceptions of the reason. We can affirm them only as we believe in Jesus ; only as faith stands leaning on his word. The credentials of that divine authority in which we trust, and, trusting, have the deepest inquiries of the soul satisfied, are that through him shone the Father in a fulness and glory manifesting the works and words of Jesus to be in effect the works and words of God ; that his revelations when made, carry their own light with them ; that all he did and-said, by aid of power from on high, was crowned by his resurrection from the dead, and ascension to his Fathf"- and our Father, his God and our God. 24 Preach Christianity, then, in its union of the intuitive With the authoritative. Nor will you preach the intuitive solely as intuitive, when }'ou consider that the natural sentiments become perverted by the passions ; that the light in man becomes darkness by means of sin ; that the wisest have often mistaken the positive decisions of the fallible understanding for the sure intuitions of reason ; that born as we are into the light of a christian land, and imbued with the truths of revealed religion from our earli est youth, we are in danger of attributing to the native capacities of the soul, the power of seeing what we have learned at the feet of Jesus, and should have learned no where else but there. Preach therefore a faith in the authority of Christ, as a teacher come from God, that shall predispose the soul to a reception of his truth. Preach Christ the light of the world, whom all those must follow, who would not walk in darkness. Awaken by your preaching, implicit trust in his word when under stood, the profoundest deference to his .divine authority, the cordial reception of him as " the way, the truth and the life, " with not the remotest disposition to go behind his real meaning, or to question his perfect truthfulness, and the truthfulness of those by whom he afterwards spake. The great object of the divine mission of Christ, was to reveal the Father, and by this manifestation to recon cile man to God. The object of Christian ministers should be the same, for they are now " in Christ's stead, " they are " God's embassadors for him. " In your preaching show, therefore, the Father. Show the Father in him who was "the brightness of the* Father's glory, the ex press image of his person, " and who manifested the love of God pre-eminently on the Cross. Set forth " the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. " Show Him as ready to forgive the truly penitent, and as furnishing in Christ all those aids we need, to obtain deliverance from our sins, and to become holy. Preach " Christ crucified," 25 as that which, more than this outward universe with all its revelations to the attentive spirit, and more than all other voices within and without, speaks to man of the Father, and draws forth the resolution from the heart of the sinning one, — " I will arise, and go to my Father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against Heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy son. " In a word, preach that faith, which receiving Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God, receives also the Father who sent him, and hearkening to Christ's words, obeys also the Father who spake in him — which is the true " repentance toward God, " implying and in volving " faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. " The Life and Cross of Christ speak of reconciliation not only of man to God, but also of man to man ; for if Christ so loved us, and God so loved us in him, how ought we to love one another! Preach Christianity to your fellow-men, as binding them together in mutual peace and good will. Preach human duty in its near, and in its remotest range, with the sanction of the new commandment that men should love as Christ loved. Preach a charity, which beginning at home, shall also go abroad, and seek the welfare of the whole brotherhood of man — the bond and the free, the high and the low, the virtuous and the vile, the rich and the poor. Let your preaching contribute to the universal diffusion of right eousness, peace and joy. Let the truths you proclaim to others, my brother, exert all their power over your own soul, so that you may preach in earnest, from your own experience, and that you may say with your Divine Master, " We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. " If you would quicken men to a new life, and move them to duty, yours must be the eloquence of the inward life. It must be the utterances of a heart full of spiritual emotions, the vehicle of ideas of life and power. It must be the pouring out of 4 26 clear .and great thoughts on a tide of earnest feeling. Cultivate, then, the religion of your own heart. Cherish the life of God in the soul. Commune, in the prayer of the clpset, with the Father of your spirit. With a pure heart, seek and obtain those views of God granted only to the pure in heart. With the spirit of Jesus, enter into the sanctuary of truth, and comprehend the length and breadth, and height and depth. With this preparation, come forth to present before your people those great ob jects of truth, which shall move their will and affections, and be the power pf God, through his spirit, to their regeneration, to, their redemption from sin to a life of holi ness, and their meetness for the inheritance of the saints in light. The religion of personal experience, appearing in the daily life, shall moreover attend you, when you preach, as a halo of light round your head, and shall prove your most divine credential as a christian minister, lt shall be as soft summer clouds, from behind which the rays of truth shall oft fall gently on hearts predisposed to receive the truth, and cause the surer germination and unfolding of every christian grace. By the aid of a pure heart, and of that Spirit given to all who ask for it in filial confidence, and of those sources of Truth which are opened to you especially in the Holy Scriptures, strive to gain higher and clearer perceptions of God, of Christ, of man. Strive to fulfil in your office,, more and more your own ideal of a perfect minister. Be desirous of presenting juster, and larger ideas of truth and duty. It is recorded of an eminent English sculptor, that, in modelling the bust of a man of genius and literature,, he chose indeed an impressive aspect, but it was not, after all, the perfect image of his admired friend ; and he sought another, which preserves,, as lpng as marble can endure, the expression of the poet such .as he was in the bosom of his friends. Deem the object of presenting truth, my 2? brother, worthy of the last application of your powers cultivated to the last. While as a christian minister, you seek first to bring your hearers into the christian life, and' awaken in them the love of divine things, seek also to promote an obser vance of the christian institutions of baptism and the Lord's Supper — those sacraments so full of aid to the Christian life. Awakening, by your preaching, the sin cere and earnest confession among many, that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, with the corresponding pur pose to follow him in the life, lead therh to consecrate themselves to God in Christian Baptism,, and to draw around the altar of Communion, that they may nourish their hearts into all love and goodness, by commemorating the death of their Saviour as their life, and the life of the world. On that rock of confession build up a chrirch, against which no adverse powers shall prevail. To all your flock be a watchful shepherd. Like the Great and Gepd Shepherd, be willing te lay down your' life for the sheep. Cherish especially the youthful, feed the lambs. Let your presence be with the people of your charge not only in the house of God, but at their homes. With the bland spirit of Christian friendship and love, enter the family circle, promoting domestic harmony, grafting With your own hands the christian graces on the social virtues ; and whether in the temptations of health and prosperity, or in the trials of adversity, sickness and death, proving yourself a faithful bishop of souls, that you may present every one perfect in Christ Jesus. And in -your intercourse with your felltiw-christians, beside the people of your charge,1 cultivate fraternal love, and remember the last prayer of our Lord, that his disci-' pies might be one. Be a true fellow-laborer with your' brother of the same faith -in this field, keep the unity of 28 the Spirit between these sister churches in the bond of peace, and mutually strengthen and encourage one another. With your fellow-christians of other churches, who stand ready to treat you according to your moral and christian worth, notwithstanding diversity of names, culti vate a free and fraternal intercourse. Overcome the dis trust of many sincere christians, and their fears that with the individual faith you hold, you deny the Lord that bought you, by letting your life show that he cannot possibly deny his Master, who exhibits his spirit, and acknowledges him in word and deed before men. To the sectarian dogmatist, and denunciatory bigot, show that calmness, which shall make them feel how small a thing it is with you to be judged of man's judgment. Welcome whatever light may shine from others ; impart to them whatever has come from the great source of light to your own mind. And by this free receiving, and free giving, shall all christians yet learn their mutual dependence as members of the same body, and divisions shall be no more, for the Church shall be one. Finally, my brother, regard the hopes of those, who this day receive you into a relation so closely connected with their welfare both for this life, and the life which is to come. Regard these witnesses to your consecration, and the witness of God and angels. Regard your ac- countableness to Him who will render unto every man according to his work. Regard the expectation of those, who, having known your christian fidelity and success hitherto, confidently trust to behold the same, only in increasing measure, in this wider field. Regard the inter ests of your fellow-men, which are bound up for good in the progress of true Christianity, in the universal spread of the light and life of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Regard the now fast opening scenes of God's Providence, the ful filment of the predictions of His prophets for the glory 29 of the Church, the accomplishment of His beneficent designs for the world. Labor in faith and in hope — in that faith which makes all things possible to him that believeth — in that hope which lifting you up above every discouragement, shall lead you forward to realize the good tp which it points the way, and obtain the everlasting reward. RIGHT HAND OF FELLOWSHIP, BY REV. GEORGE F. SIMMONS. My Fkiend and Brotheh, I have been appointed by the Council, to offer you their Fellowship, their welcome and encouragement. They beg yeu not to give heed to those who say, that this is a time when ministers ought to be compasionated, For there is not a little enlightened and illustrated piety among our people, and may you find not a little in this society — piety founded on Christianity reconciled to the dictates of reason. And if on the contrary, it be true, as I suppose it is, that the present is not a period of great religious susceptibility, like the period in which Methodism arose, and men are perilously absorbed in the projects of their material well-being, how happy still ought one to count himself that it is his office to pour among these, the world's baser uses, that which alone is able to control them. In truth every circumstance, and every time has a call for the religious teacher. There is no gopd thing, that dpes not become better in the light of Religion ; and there is no bad thing, that does not find its cure and over coming enemy in the Gospel of Christ. We welcome you therefore to the preaching of a Word which has been spoken, and not dreamed. We could hardly venture to give you joy, if it were yours to attempt to lead men through the dangerous path of life, by the 31 gropings and glimmering twilight of Philosophy. But this altar is erected to no unknown God. We welcome you, therefore, to the preaching of a God who has made himself known. We welcome you to the preaching of a Saviour whose miracles have shaken the world, and whose word is to remould society. We welcome you to the preaching of that Divine Love, which finds its emblem in the light which the Morn sheds upon the face of Nature ; of that divine Truth, which, like the Sun, penetrates and fertilizes every place. We welcome you to the preaching of that Word, whose clear and persuasive declarations none but the heart of stone can wholly resist. May you be made happy by knowing that Christianity, through you, is received and felt by the people. May you have about you a band, thpugh it be a small ene, of whom the Lord is not ashamed. And may you, at the end, be wel comed into a world which now we cannot see, by Christ and the Apostles, as a fellow-laborer in the great cause. Receive, therefore, the Hand of Fellowship which the Churches do now through me stretch forth unto you. They desire to embrace you in an eternal sympathy. And they request you to return unto them the same. Many years ago, at the University, we have often thus taken one another's hand. But the act is now done with a far deeper significance, by as much as the friendship and brotherly love which are in Christ, are more fervent and profound, than the friendship of the world. May the Word of Christ, through you, sink into the hearts of this people, and make them happy in Heaven above. ADDRESS TO THE SOCIETY, BY REV. JAMES W. THOMPSON. Christian Brethren, At your request the Council, here convened, have directed me to say a few words on some of the views which it becomes you to take of the relation which has now been solemnly recognized and established. I need not require your attention long in this service, for the experience you have had already must have instructed you with far more impressiveness and effect than any words of mine can. Passing over then the care which it is the part of a good people to take for the outward convenience and comfort of their minister, and the respect which is due from them to his personal wishes and feelings ; passing over the ten derness with which they should cherish his character and reputation, the sympathy they should manifest in his joys and sorrows, and the hearty co-operation they should lend in all his plans and efforts to do good ; passing over these, not because they are of little importance, but because they are too obvious to require remark, I proceed to notice some of the objects and expectations of a Christian society in providing the public ministrations of religion. The house of God is set apart to holy uses. It is not a hall of science, nor a temple of fashion, nor a theatre pf amusement. It is consecrated to religion and to religious 33 exercises. To resort to it merely because others do, merely to obtain a little relief from the ceaseless toil and wearing monotony of week-day life, merely to enjoy a luxury of the eyes and the ears, merely to gratify a literary taste, merely to sharpen the wits by following the train of a high and subtle argument, — 'for either or for all of these purposes — can be justified by no suitable views of our moral wants and spiritual relations, and is scarcely less than a profanation of the institution of worship. And yet — sad to say ! — there are many who seem to have no higher object. They go to church because it is respect able to go, because their friends go, because it would be dull staying at home, or because they expect an intellectual entertainment. They are, every Sunday, on the alert to hear some bold speculation started, to have their fancy tickled by flowers of rhetoric, or to be excited by the eloquent statement and defence of some novel absurdity. They demand that preaching shall be their recreation, and the Sabbath their holiday, and so they are ever following in the train of the newest and most fascinating preacher. My friends, let not the example of such as these tempt you to this folly, nor be your apology for this disgrace. But when you appear in the sanctuary of faith, bring with you the humble, reverent, devout spirit that may hallow it and make it a shrine of God. Come with the desire to lift your hearts by prayer and praise into a serener and holier atmosphere than that which encompasses your secular walk. Come with an earnest craving for bread from Heaven and the water of life out of the river of God. Come to learn the knowledge of the ancients, the wisdom that is from above, the simplicity that is in Christ. Let religion, goodness, piety, be the thing sought, and worship pure and fervent, the act performed. Let seriousness be the frame of every mind and the expression of every countenance. Let it be felt that what is done here tran scends in importance and dignity all other concerns of 5 34 life ; that no exchange, no legislature, no cabinet on earth is entrusted with duties that bear the least conceivable proportion in the depth and compass of their interest to those which claim attention here : since the former relate to what is outw.ard, transitory and perishable, while the latter have to do solely with the spiritual, enduring, and incorruptible, — with the soul that is made to live forever, with God in whom it lives, and with the condition that awaits us when these heavens, this earth, these forms cf beauty and love, shall have disappeared from our sight. And when you come here, my friends, do not indulge the unreasonable expectation of being always highly gratified, or, as it is termed, " entertained, " by what you hear. Do not expect to be always addressed in a sermon exactly to your taste, and conformed to your own views. Do not expect to retire from every service with " beauti ful " — "splendid " — " the finest that was ever heard, " and such like extravagances of praise on your lips. Do not expect even to be always deeply impressed or greatly benefited by the discourses to which you listen. The minister's mind, like his body, has days of activity and vigor, and days of lassitude and dullness. Sometimes it can bring forth things new, striking, of absorbing interest, but pftener it must be satisfied to repeat and illustrate things old and familiar. Occasionally God permits it to rise into regions of beauty and sublimity and bathe itself in the waters above the firmament ; but generally it must be content barely to wet its feet with the dew of our own mountains and tp lave in pools where no angel has -dipped his wings. Even Horeb and Sinai had no .perennial fountain of inspiration, but only now and then as prophets bowed amid their silent and lofty solitudes did the Divine spirit flow into them. If you only knew all the distrac tions to which the minister is liable, the endless range and variety of his duties, the constant drain that is made upon his resources of every kind, the pains and sorrows and 35 sins — besides his own — which sometimes press, in vast accumulation, upon his soul, you would need no argument to persuade you to a lenient judgment on his official min istrations. And without such kindness on your part he can neither be happy nor useful amongst you. He cannot live as your minister independently of your good opinion and tender regard. We hear of the independence of the pul pit, but properly speaking there is no such thing. The idea is foreign to the nature of our religious institutions. In a free Protestant church there can be no such thing. We acknowledge no priesthood, no hierarchy, no papacy. Our religious teachers and their congregations form one body, all the members of which, whether the hands, the feet, or the head, have a reciprocal dependence, and a co operating activity. Your pulpit has not been set up before you by your own hands, like the throne of an Eastern despot, to dispense smiles and frowns, to grant favors and denounce judgments. It is not placed here as " an avenger of God " to deal out curses and trumpet terrors. But you have erected it for an altar of devotion, for an oracle of heavenly wisdom and christian love, for a seat of instruc tion to the young and of consolation to the old, of kindly exhortation and rebuke to the wicked, and of brotherly encouragement and sympathy to the good. It is not independent. It does not stand here alone. These walls, these pews, that choir and organ, are its companions and supporters. Your minister, I am sure, will not wish to be regarded as standing apart from his people in isolated and icy independence. He will choose rather to be known as a friend, a brother, " a fellow-worker unto the kingdom of God " in a company of the followers of Jesus, all bound together by the bands of a heavenly faith, all interchang ing the offices of christian watchfulness, candor, and love, all sustaining one another in the great conflicts of life, all imparting warmth to each other's hearts and cheerfulness 36 to each other's steps in the solemn pilgrimage of the world, with eyes fixed on the same bright goal, and souls panting for the same immortal rest. All the independence the pulpit asks, is freedom to speak the truth in love : and this it does not ask, for it belongs to it of right, it is a part of its very nature, one of its universally acknowledged attributes — -freedom to speak the truth in love. This liberty, no considerate people will ever wish or consent to have abridged or controlled ; for in precisely the degree that this should be done the ends of the ministry would be defeated. To the full enjoyment of this liberty, tbe minister you have received this day is entitled and ordained. He will maintain it in its widest extent so long as he shall occupy this place, and none of you certainly can desire him to do otherwise. In the exercise of it, it may be that he will sometimes give utterance to thoughts which you cannot accept, and express feelings in which you can have no sympathy. It may be, that he will feel it to be his duty to discuss sub jects here which some of you will think better suited to another place, and that he may manifest a decided interest in objects which have not yet stirred your hearts. Still, restrain not his freedom. While the opening of his lips is in love, let him freely speak what he may choose, as a minister of the gospel, on all subjects. Put no lock upon the mouth which is speaking out the convictions of a genuine, fervent, religious soul. You cannot be hurt by them, though you may be sometimes rebuked and chas tened. It may be, on the other hand, that subjects in which some of you take the strongest interest, measures which some of you deem to be fraught with the highest good and to be called for by the clearest duty, and which the advocates of them regard as proper and important to be discussed here, may fail to impress him in the same way, and even be viewed by him as unsuitable to be placed amcngst the tppics cf the pulpit and the Lprd's 37 day. Should this be the case, blame him not for it ; he cannot help it, he takes the course he thinks he ought as a christian minister. Fetter not his liberty in this par ticular ; leave it untouched ; nay, defend and honor it. The slightest encroachment here is the certain forerunner of parochial difficulty. Its effect is evil and only evil, and that continually. There is another point which connects itself very naturally with the foregoing, on which you will allow me to offer one or two suggestions. In a religious community constituted of persons professing a liberal faith and claim ing great latitude of inquiry, it is almost a thing of course that diversity of opinion should arise on questions of the gravest moment, and provoke not a little earnestness of discussion. It is natural that there should be some whom constitutional habits or early influences lead to inquire for the old paths in which their fathers walked from peace to glory, to lean on the strong and faithful arm of experi ence, to hearken to the still small voice from behind them, and to turn away distrustfully from all novelties of doc trine and projects of change ; whilst there are others who seeing and deploring the sad deficiences of the past, feel little reverence for its wisdom, deny its authority and its ability to teach, and in their impatience for something better, seem willing to destroy the good which the present has inherited from it. It is to be expected that there should be some who from the peculiar cast of their minds or from the particular nature of their studies should seek to explain the facts of religion by their philosophical theories ; whilst there are others who choose to interpret them by the simple and direct process of a child-like faith, giving themselves little concern whether they harmonize with the metaphysics of this or that school, enough for them that they do not contradict the metaphysics of Christ. Now this diversity of opinion and feeling, which is so natural, is believed actually to exist amongst us, and 38 it has given rise, in some instances, to cpntrpversies net the most gentle or judicious. Brethren, suffer from us the word of exhortation that you do not allow the good fellowship of your church to be disturbed by any of these questions, and that each one of ypu cherish the faith which tc him seems truest, safest, best, and leave te the rest unhindered the same privilege. Dp npt be concerned about the philospphical views cf your minister, nor be curious to know to which of the schools he attaches himself, so long as you feel no doubt that he belongs to the school of Jesus, and is a faithful minister of the New Testament. If he preaches Christ and him crucified, the power of God and the wisdom of God unto salvation, if he labors without ceasing to build you up as a holy temple unto the Lord, let that suffice you. But of this you have a right to be satisfied. Any doubt on this point would be fatal to your christian progress. The Pastor of your choice, of whom in all the churches there is a good report, is installed here as a christian minister, a preacher of Christianity, an expounder and defender of the written Gospel. As such you have called him ; as such you receive him ; and none of you surely will, be so inconsistent as to expect him to depart in his ministrations by the slightest variation from " the faith once delivered to the saints. " As men conversant only with the religion which is native to the soul and which is sometimes nursed into power by the maternal influences of nature and providence, you have a right undoubtedly to the utmost liberty of inquiry and speculation ; but when you come into Christianity and profess to be followers of Jesus, you step into an enclosure which, limits your liberty. Your faith then places you in the centre of the circle of the Gospel, and pointing in every direction to the circum ference, says : " Thus far — and no farther. " It gives you a liberty as broad as itself — no broader. If you would look into the depths of the soul, into the mysteries of life 39 and of death, into the realities of the eternal world, into the unfathomable perfections of God, it requires you to stand reverently on its own foundation, and not be dancing on the moonbeams of a poetic conceit or a mystical philosophy. It requires you to acknowledge all as brethren in Christ who seek to establish themselves on that ever lasting Rock. But christian liberty is not liberty to call in question the truths of Christianity, to doubt the wisdom of its precepts, to deny the Cross of the Saviour and the power of his resurrection. It is not liberty to pry out the stones of the temple walls to gratify a presumptuous curiosity, or that propensity to mischievous activity some times miscalled the spirit of investigation. And you will not be so unreasonable as to complain of your minister for failing to travel out of the ample field of Christianity to gather food for your spiritual appetite, when you remember that it is as a servant of Christ, a laborer in his vineyard, that he has consecrated his life. I have thus glanced at some of the views which it seemed to me suitable to commend to your consideration. 1 have spoken with great plainness, but every word has been prompted by a sincere desire for your religious prosperity as individuals and as a Christian society ,• and I would offer you my hearty congratulations on the auspi cious signs which this occasion gives out. Brethren, though you have had many trials, you have been, on the whole, a favored people. From the very foundation of your society, and through all its struggles and embarrass ments, you have been blessed with an able, faithful, and affectionate ministry, whose hand was strong when you were weak, whose voice was one of cheering, when you would have desponded, whose step was ever right onward when you would have been turned aside by diffi culties. And now, under a new ministry, I dare not trust myself (if it were proper,) to speak as I feel of the rich 40 promise which is afforded you. May your religious growth and spiritual enjoyment be commensurate with your christian privileges. " Be of good comfort ; be of one mind ; live in peace ; and the God of peace shall be with you. " >: