CvW 4g$&S®*Z(Z7 BRITISH GUIANA BOUNDARY. ARBITRATION WITH THE UNITED STATES OF VENEZUELA. INDEX TO CASES. COUNTER - CASES, AND PRINTED ARGUMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND VENEZUELA. LONDON ¦ PRINTED AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY. 1 899. NOTE. The abbreviations used in this Index are as follows : — B.C.— British Case. B.C. Ap. — Appendix to British Case. B.C. Atlas. — Atlas to the British Case. V.C. — Venezuelan Case. V.C. Atlas. — Atlas to the Venezuelan Case. B.C.C. — British Counter Case. B.C.C. Ap. — Appendix to British Counter Case. B.C.C. Atlas. — Atlas to the British Counter Case. V.C.C. — Venezuelan Counter Case. V.C.C. Atlas. — Atlas to the Venezuelan Counter Case. B.A. — British Argument. V.A. — Venezuelan Argument. (N.B. — These references are quoted in the Index, as far as possible, in the above order.) Other abbreviations used are : — R.B. — Right bank (of a River) L.B.— Left bank Co. or Company, or W.I.C., always means the Dutch West India Company. Abaikabaroo — Accouiere.] INDEX. A. Abaikabaroo (Barima) 1897 Indian tradition of Dutch place at B.C. Ap. VII, 218 Abalos, Don Jose 1779 His scheme of settlement B.C. Ap. IV, 194-204 Boundaries stated by B.C. Ap. IV, 194 V.A., 6 Communicates Inciarte's report B.C. Ap. IV, 210-11 His admitted ignorance of Dutch — Spanish rights B.C. Ap. IV, 210, 211 B.A., 16 Inciarte's letter to, on his visit to Pomeroon B.C.C. Ap., 250-4 Abarima = Barima, q.v. Abary River To sea, between Demerara and Berbice Rivers B.C. Atlas, I 1748 By tradition, eastern boundary V.C. II, 101 Abbeville, Du Val d'. See under Maps. 1654 Map by B.C. Atlas, 9 B.C., 138 B.C. Ap. VII, 244-5 Aberdeen, Lord. See under Diplomacy. Aberdeen Line 1844 Proposal of . . B.C., 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 90 V.C, 208 Venezuelan criticism of V.A., 85 1850 Venezuelan Government informed that, the offer having been ignored, it had lapsed and would not be renewed B.C. Ap. VI, 186 s 1887 Senor Rojas on Venezuelan reasons for rejecting B.C. Ap. VII, 94 Lord Salisbury on . . B.C. Ap. VII, 132 Acarabisi R On L.B. Cuyuni R B.C.Atlas, 1 &47 1841 Schomburgk's report on visit to . . B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 25-28 As part of the " Schomburgk Line " B.C., 141 B.C. Ap. VII, 25-28 Boundary mark placed by Schomburgk at mouth of B.C. Ap. VII, 27-8 Venezuelan refugee Indians on . . B.C.C, 111 1886 Mentioned in LordRosebery's boundary line V.C, 214 V.C. Ill, 160 1891 Boundary mark put at by McTurk B.C. Ap. VI, 254 Accouiere (or Accoujere)= Akweeri, q.v Acosta— Adverse Holding.] Acosta, Pedro de 1530 Said to have been the first Christian to set foot in Guiana and in Parema (Barima or Parime ?), whence he was driven by the Indians the same year B.C. Ap. I, 169 V.C, 37 V.A., 179 Alleged settlement by, unimportant B.C.C, 29 Burr questions alleged Barima settlement of V.C.C II, 214, 215 Aeuiwangh A cataract on the Cuyuni, sometimes called Wakupang (=Aguigua ?) B.C. Atlas, 1,46 Acuyura, on Moruka R. .. 1834 Settlement of Spanish Arawaks B.C. Ap. VI, 53 Adams, G. Thomas 1766 Maltreated in Barima by van Rosen B.C.C. Ap., 208-16 AddfiSOn, Alexander. . Grantholder, Aruka R. Declaration of . . B.C. Ap. VII, 212 Adriaancz (or Adrioensen, or Groenewegen) Aert 1658 -9 Commandeur at N. Zeelandia (Essequibo) B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 148 Adverse Holding . . Venezuelan argument on . . V.A., 309 Law of V.A., 353 Bliss v. Johnson, quoted on law of V.A., 359 Agency Company v. Short, quoted on same V.A., 360, 386 Defined by P. de Martens V.A., 353 Defined by Vattel V.A., 354 VA , 356 Requires to be proved by the party setting up the claim V.A., 357 Is not acquired by absence of continuous occupation by holder of prior title V.A., 358 / Requires actual possession and control . . V.A., 362 Character of possession required for V.A., 366 Exclusiveness required for . . V.A., 368 French v. Pearce, quoted on requirement of exclusiveness V.A., 368 , Hunt v. Wickliffe, quoted on same V.A., 370 Barr v. Gratz, quoted on same V.A., 370 Definite boundaries required for, Doe v. Campbell, Jackson v. Woodruff, and Brandt v. Ogden quoted V.A., 371 Claim of right required for V.A., 373 Brandt v. Ogden, quoted as to claim of right V.A., 371, 384 Harvey v. Tyler, quoted for same V.A., 374 Grube v. Wells, quoted for same V.A., 374 Winthrop v. Benson, quoted for same V.A., 374 Ricard v. Williams, quoted for same V.A., 374, 385, 389 Ewing v. Brandt, quoted for same V.A., 374, 384, 389 \ Requires a distinct territorial jurisdiction. . V.A., 377 Adverse Holding— Aguirre R.J Adverse Holding — contd. Affidavits. TIONS. See Declaka- Agency Company c. Short Agetaas Agreementof 1 850. See under Arbangejient. Agres, Pedro, Lieut. . . Aguigua Aguilar, Captain Juan Aguirre, Lope de Aguirre R. 1810 1839 1758 1834 ?1560 1638 1726 -30 1726 1730 1741 1747 1755 (193) Requires an entry co-extensive with the claim of right Requires to be continuous and uninter rupted Requires to be open and notorious Requires a contemporaneous claim of right Quoted on law of adverse holding Burgher Militia to assemble at Parade- ground of Commissioned to occupy I'irara for Brazil Site of Cuyuni Post at time of Spanish Raid (de la Garriga). [_See also Cuiba.] Captain over Spanish Arawaks, of Moruka Acts, under Postholder, in case of man slaughter of Indian in Moruka Killed as a rebel by Spanish royalists His alleged circumnavigation of Guayana. . Trib. Orinoco (R.B.), near mouth . . Dutch recognition of Spanish sovereignty in, doubtful (Burr) Dutch trade to Relevancy of Dutch access to, questioned. , Company arranges to trade in, with or without sanction of Governor of Orinoco Regarded as neutral territory by Bishop Gervais of Oran (Burr) Murder of the Bishop of Oran in . . Dutch trader there (Jan Ravensbergh) Dutch trade in horses from Iturriaga refers to, as used by the Caribs to visit Essequibo Colony Caribs of, trade with Dutch of Essequibo, through Caroni and Cuyuni B V.A., 385 V.A., 386 V.A., 388 V.A., 389 V.A., 360, 386 B.C. Ap. VI, 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C.C, 81 B.C.C Ap., 202 B.C., 110 B.C. Ap. VI, 57 B.C.Ap. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. I, 112 V.A., 179 B.C. Atlas, 1 V.C.C. II, 143 B.C. Ap. I, 116 V.A. II, 522 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 5 V.C II. 79 V.C C. II, 141 B.A., 28 V.C.C. II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 11 B.C.C, 78 B.C.C. Ap., 164-5, 167, 177 V.C.C II, 141-2; III, 24-37, 39-40 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 11 V.C.C II, 142 B.A., 28 B.C. Ap. II, 35 V.C. II. 94 V.C.C II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 53 V.C. II, 297 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 109, 110 B.A., 28 Aguirre— Akawoi Indians.] Aguirre— continued. Airekuni Ck. Akarai Mountains. , Akawoi Indians 1755 1757 1758 1726 -60 1769 1788 1841 1839 1680 1G82 1C83 1724 17521755 1756 Upper part inaccessible to Spaniards be cause in Forest protecting Colony of Essequibo Iturriaga on Dutch at Dutch tradinjr ou De la Garriga refers to Dutch residents in Spaniards allege Dutch claim to a line due south from mouth of Instances of Dutch frequenting, collected by Burr Dutch had been resident for 8 years in. . . Dutchman in, alleged to be from Surinam, and unimportant in the present case Men sent to Spanish Missions from On (R.B.) Cuyuni Schomburgk's reference to, as lowest point on Cuyuni reached by Spaniards during revolutionary war On (R.B.) source of Essequibo River Schomburgk on As part of Schomburgk line A nomadic and pugnacious tribe, often the rivals of the Caribs Position of, since European advent At war witli Indians of Cuyuni At war with Caribs At war Under Dutch protection ; are attacked by Maganouts from Upper Essequibo Engaged by Director-General to recapture runaway negroes near Arinda Feud with Caribs Attack on Dutch plantations of Marchal in Massaruni In Massaruni killed by Caribs from "Barima. The C of Justice enquire Director-General reports those In Massaruni and Essequibo not yet pacified B.C., 82 V.C.C. II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 137 V.C, 116, 140 V.C. II, 301 V.C.C. II, 142 B.C., 81, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 148 V.C II, 306 B.A., 28 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. II, 149 V.C.C II, 142 V.C.C II, 141, 142 B.C., 48, 81 B.C. Ap. IV, 20 B.A., 29 V.C.C, 45 V.A. II, 424 V.C.C. Ap. II, 124 B.C. Atlas, 38, 48 B.C. Ap. VII, 28 B.C.C, 111 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C., 67 B.C. Ap. VII, 6 B.C., 148 B.C., 10 B.C., 10 B.C. 85 B.C. Ap. I, 183 VCIII, 41 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.C., 85 B.C. Ap. I, 185 V.C. Ill, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 2 B.C. Ap. II, 76 V.C, 133 B.C. Ap. II, 120 B.C. Ap. II, 120, 121 V.C, 133 B.C., 86 B.C. Ap. II, 123 B.C. Ap. II, 129 V.C. II, 121 Akawoi Indians.] Akawoi Indians — continued. 1756 17571758 1763 1765 1766 1768 1769 1772 1776 1823 1826 1839 1840 1841 1843 1844 1845 The explanation of their revolt in Massaruni Said to be quiet Proposal to place Spanish mission ol Guaicas on the Cuyuni, near junction of V.C. II, 303 Supamo B.C. Ap. II, 123-127 B.C. Ap. II, 131 V.C II, 122 B.C C Ap., 199 Of Spanish village of Avechica, murdered by Caribs from forest Employed by Dutch as salters, traders, and to prevent runaways On behalf of Dutch, attack rebel negroes at Savonette Importance of loyalty of . . At wai with Caribs on Massaruni. . Not to be molested by Caribs At war with Caribs. . Serve against rebel negroes Waikas (i.e., Akawois) accompany Spanish priests to Moruka Ready to help Dutch Regarded bjr Dutch custom as not liable to slavery State of, according to Hilhouse . . Of Massaruni. Intercribal strife with Caribs and Partamonas. Treaty of peace en forced by Protector of Indians In Barima-Pomeroon District Employment of, in Pomeroon, in cultivatior of annatto Schomburgk on their method of burial As labourers in Pomeroon As labourers. . Of Barima migrate to Supenaam Ck. Of Barama, visited and described by Postholder McClintock Apply to McClintock for teacher Especially efficient labourers on coffee plantations From Barama River, begin to join Wara- muri Mission From Barama migrate (temporarily) to " Kroom " (Curumu ?) on Cuyuni The alleged cause, a report " the God was on earth " B.C. Ap. II, 145 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C, 94 B.C Ap. II, 227 B.C. Ap. Ill, 119 V.C. II, 160 V.C II, 1 60 B.C Ap. Ill, 119 B.C., 98 B.C Ap. Ill, 129 B.C. Ap. Ill, 178 V.C. II, 177 B.C., 95 B.C. Ap. Ill, 1G2, 163,166 B.C Ap. IV, 6 V.C, 143 V.C. II, 184 B.C., 95 B.C. Ap. IV, 105 B.C Ap. IV, 141-3 B C Ap. VI, 26 B.C. Ap. VI, 38 & 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C Ap. VII, 25 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 136 B.C Ap. VI, 135 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C Ap, VI, 141-2 Awakoi Indians— Alvarado.] Akawoi Indians— continued. 1846 1847 Akweeru (Accoujere) (Mo ruka) Alapo, on Moruka R. Aldana, Don Diego de Xime nez, Governor of frinidad and Province of Guayana Aldunate, Don Bartholome de, 1732 Gov. of Island of Trinidad and Guayana 1848 1853 -72 1854 1865 1897 1726 1897 1834 1670 Of Barama, declare they were attracted to Cuyuni by a Carib educated at Bartika Mission, who proclaimed himself " God on earth " Rumoured intention of attacking Caribs at Cabacaburi Mission McClintock on Of Pomeroon, Barama, Cuyuni and Mas saruni. Gradual adherence of, to British Missions Of Barama threaten to attack Caribs of Moruka; matter arranged by Superin tendent "The pedlars and news carriers of the whole eastern coast " Come from Cuyuni to Pomeroon and Moruka Missions Loyalty of to British ; hostility to Vene zuelans B.C. Ap. VI, 144 B.C. Ap. VII, 225 B.C. Ap. VI, 147 Alexander VI. Alquica, Sancho de Alienation of territory Aloys, Don Mariano . . Alstein, Jones Alta Gracia. See under Missions, Spanish. Alvarado. Don Eugenio 1612 1810 1871 1754 1755 Proposed for new site of Moruka Post . . Traces of Dutch residents at Warow Settlement His report on the State of Trinidad and the Province of Guayana Examines and reports on deficiencies in Guayana, especially as regards the Missions Embassies of Henry VII to To the King Absolutely forbidden by Venezuelan Con stitution Report on Province of Guiana Charge against for assault on Indian Oncitas in Warrie R. Commanding in Orinoco Informs Director-General of falsity of rumoured intentions of Spanish asrainst Dutch b Second Commissioner for delimitation of Spanish-Portuguese boundary Orders given to, for report i Reports of .. On communications between Province of Guayana and Dutch of Essequibo B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C.C Ap., 301-2, 6, 8, 9, 311 B.C Ap. VI, 195 B.C.C Ap.', 308 B.C.C. Ap., 308 B.C Ap. VII, 219 B.C.C, 21-22 B.C. Ap. II, 5 V.C. II, 80 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C. Ap. VII, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C.C Ap., 43-5 B.A., 11 B.C.C. Ap., 160 V.C.C, 117 B.C. Ap. I, 27, 28 B.C. Ap. VII, 105, 107,108 B.C. Ap. V, 207 B.A., 16, 18 B.C Ap. VI, 108 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 104 V.C II, 299 B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. II, 112-118 B.C.C, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 112-116 Alvarado — Amakuru River.] Alvarado— continued. AmacyraAmakuru Range Amakuru River 1755 1840 (193) 1897 Report on Dutch trade to the missions . . Records recent use of Courthial's roads . . His report on the Essequibo R. . . His reference to a country house at junc tion of Cuyuni and Massaruni His report on Yuruari Savannah Describes Divina Pastora as 2 or 3 days by Savannah, and 8 to 10 through forest from banks of Cuyuni Reports that he did not penetrate to the Cuyuni " for political reasons" His report to Iturriaga as to mission area and Caribs On Caribs as allies of Dutch Reports on futility of attempting to con ciliate Caribs His report on mines heard of by Director- General Mr. Kingston's place on the Tapacuma . . Spur from Imataka, forming watershed be tween Amakuru and Barima Rivers To sea west of Barima mouth Geography of. Alleged to form part of chain of waterways from Waini to Imataka Separated from Barima by watershed, but connected with Orinoco by waterway Line between, and Barima said to be artificial Inconvenient for shipping Alleged British recognition of, as part of Orinoco Basin Its value as a natural boundary Inaccurately laid down in Codazzi's map Surveyed and first accurately mapped by Schomburgk Navigable for small vessels to Yarakita . . Venezuelan station at Traditions of Dutch Settlement beyond (east of) Absence of any indication of Spaniards resident to east of c B.C., 82 B.C Ap. II, 107 B.C Ap. II, 114, 115 B.C Ap. 11, 116-118 B.C. Ap. II, 113, 114 B.C., 45 V.C.C III, 51 B.C. Ap. II, 113 B.C Ap. II, 108 B.C Ap. II, 105, 112 B.C., 16, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 111 B.C. Ap. II, 120 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 31 B.C.C, 5 V.C.C, 7 B.C. Ap. VII, 2,14,16,237 B.C.C, 5, 6 B.C.C. Ap., 245 V.C.C, 6 B.C., 14 r. V.C.C, 5 B.C. Ap. VII, 13, 33 B.C. Ap. VII, 37 B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 30 B.C. Ap. VII, 15-6 B.C., 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 240 V.C.C. II, 138-141, 143 B.C. Ap. VII, 210, 213, 230 Amakuru River.] Amakuru River — continued. 1599 1637 1638 1637 -8 Historical Notices of. Dutch trade visit to. . Dutch settlement on, recorded in Spanish documents (Aniavero) (Ships in) Dutch settled in, aud fortified at ,t. Source of supplies to the Dutch Escovar pretends to order Spanish troops to dislodge Dutch from Importance of Dutch in, minimised 1640 Spaniards fail to dislodge Dutch from -53 1680 1681 1685 1755 1762 -4-5 17641779 178417941796 1797 1816 1839 1841 Arawaks on, killed by Caribs by instigation of Governor of Berbice As Dutch fishing ground Caribs fly to, from Spaniards in Orinoco . . Caribs of, trade with Dutch of Essequibo through Caroni and Cuyuni Confusion of, with Barima Appears as Dutch boundary on Register of Essequibo Register of this year said to be the only Dutch suggestion that this river marked the boundary Not visited by Inciarte Court of Policy arranges for arrest of negroes harboured by Indians in Mentioned by Governor von Grovestins. . Reconnaissance by Spaniards to, by order of Governor Carbonell Spanish passports to Indians from, expected at Pomeroon Post to share in regular distribution of presents Colombian jurisdiction occasionally exer cised to, but not beyond (eastward) Sohomburgk's Report on visit to . . „ Letters on British claims to B.C., 21 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 91, 93 B.C. Ap. I, 109 B.C. Ap. I, 110 B.C.C, 35 B.A., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 115, 124 B.A., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 104 B.C.C. Ap. 12, 14 V.C, 17 B.C.C, 36 B.C.C Ap., 24, 25 V.C.C III, 15 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.A., 30 B.C., 29 B.C Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 53 B.C.C, 60 B.C. Ap. II, 109, 110 B.C., 50 V.C.C II, 140 V.A., 76 B.C., 51 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C. Ap. 111,118 B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5 V.C. II, 159 V.A., 347 B.C.C. Ap., 254 B.C.C, 79 B.C.C. Ap., 256 B.C Ap. V, 147 V.C. II, 248 B.C. Ap. V, 165 V.C.C. Ill, 159 B.C. Ap. VI, 5 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 11-20 B.C. Ap. VII, 31-34 V.C.C, 6 Amakuru River.] Amakuru River — continued. 1341 18421844 1845 1850 1851 1857 1860 -97 1-870 1874 1875 1882 1883 1884 Boundary post fixed (May 13) by Schom burgk at mouth of Boundary mark by Schomburgk at junction of Yarakita with Indians of right bank of, claim British pro tection Complain to Superintendent King of ill- treatment by Venezuelans Had gone to work in Essequibo River Use of Creole Dutch among Suggestion of Superintendent McClintock as to instruction for Protest by Venezuela against British line at Letter of S. Aranda on British flag at Venezuela claims to have controlled Schomburgk's Post at, removed . . Indians of, aid in constructing British Mission of Waramuri Indians from, flock to Waramuri to meet the Bishop Arrangement for support of Indian children from, at missions Warows, as labourers on Arabian Coast . . Visited and claimed as British by Governor Barkly Nearest Venezuelan settlement to, at B.C. Ap. VI, 183; VII, 235 Cariapo, nearest custom house at B.A., 53 Barancas B.C, 66 B.C. Ap. VI, 112, VII, 12 B.C Ap. VII, 16 B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C. Ap. VI, 112 B.C. Ap. VII, 15 B.C., 118 B.C Ap. VII, 14 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 B.C, 70 B.C. Ap. VII, 73, 77-8 V.C, 202-3 V.C III, 195-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 76 V.C, 205 V.C III, 199-200 B.C., 70 B.C. Ap. VII, 79, 80, 81 B.C Ap. VI, 137 B.C, 109 B.C Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 138 B.C Ap. VI, 145 B.G. Ap. VI, 183 Alleged raid by Venezuelans on Indians of Report on Indians near, by Holmes and Campbell British subject resident in for 37 years . . Alexander Addison 'came to reside in McClintock calls attention to duty of in struction of Indians Murderer Garrett arrested (Sept.) by British on Both banks of, Governor Longden claims as British Jurisdiction to, exercised by im Thurn . . Settlers on . . B.CC Ap., 301 V.C.C III, 198 B.C. Ap. VII, 210 B.C Ap. VII, 212 B.C. Ap. VI, 170 BC, 72 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C., 1 18 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 V.C, 189 V.C III., 317 Exercise of Eritish jurisdiction by McTurkj B.C. Ap. VII, 233 on 10 Amakuru River— Amaya.J Amakuru River — continued. 1884 Referred to in Report of Manoa Co. as having " in 1800 formed the boundary be tween British Guayana and Venezuela" B.C, 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 220 > McTurk sent to meet action of Manoa Co. B.C., 73 B.C Ap. VI, 226, 232, 3 Notices posted by McTurk at B.C., 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 229 McTurk's expeditions to, described by Rod- way V.C. Ill, 342-344 Full controlup to, resumed by Great Britain B.C.C, 115 B.C Ap. VI, 241 ; VII, 27 British jurisdiction claimed to right bank of B.C. Ap. VI, 227, 9 1885 British Magistrate and Police sent to B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 232 Rural constable appointed in V.C, 216 Court house on B.C.C, 115 Proposal for British magistrate to visit •periodical ly B.C.Ap. VI, 233 Offences in, to be dealt with by British courts in ordinary course B.C., 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 233 Wells' cocoa plantation on . . B.C. Ap. VI, 236 British court house in . . , . B.C. Ap. VI, 241 V.C, 216 1886 Rural constables in, letter of, to Tebar and Rodil V.C, 217 V.C. Ill, 252, 253 Alleged first intimation of British claim to boundary at VA. II, xix 1887 British prospection for gold proposed B.C. Ap. VI, 244 Survey of coast from, to Pomeroon, recom mended B.C A p. VI, 239 British police stations arranged for at B.C, 75 B.C., Ap. VI, 239 Squatters (British subjects) on B.C. Ap. VI, 241 Commission of Venezuelans B.C., 75 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 1889 British police schooner at . . B.C.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VII, 264 1890 Proclamation defining N.W.D. fiscal dis trict as limited by B.C., Ap. VI, 247 New police station at B.C.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 260, 264 1891 Arrival of Venezuelan settlers on left bank of B.C. Ap. VI., 249-50 Venezuelan police station on B.A., 23 1897 Indian tradition of Dutch and British ownership east of B.C., Ap. VII, 218-20, 225 231-2 Indian custom of fishing to, but not west of B.C. Ap. VII, 222, 3, 4 Amaya 1602 Letter of, on conquest of El Dorado V.C.C. Ill, 1 11 Amazon River -Angostura.] Amazon River American Insurance Com pany v. Canter Amiens 1500 1633 1722 1802 Amissi River. Anabisi Rivee. (Barima) q.v. Ampa Ampa Post. See under Esse quibo Post, Lowbe. Amsterdam Chamber Amuku, Lake Anabisi River Angostura . . 1754 1836 18401658 1767 1769 1787- 1804 1841 17111724 1735 1738 1739 1743 1745 1758 1761 1762 1763 Discovered by Pinzon Dutch meet Spaniards on . . Goods paid by Commandeur of Essequibo to strange Indians from Quoted on title by conquest Treaty of ; Peace of On R.B. of estuary of Essequibo River New church at, opened 8 Sept., 1754 Site of the Post of lower Essequibo Site of the Post Claim to Wild Coast Statement of, in reply to Zeeland Chamber ; object to jurisdiction of Zeeland Chamber over Demerara Proceedings on Remonstrance Furthest point reached by Brazilian Boundary Commission On L.B. of Barima River, its head connected by an itabo with the Kaituma River Schomburgk on . . . . Reached by Guzman " Limit of conversions1' V.C, 35 V.C, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 V.A., 278 B.C., 62 V.C III, 38-43 B.C. Atlas l, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 94 V.C, 170 B.C Ap. VI, 96, 104 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 147-8 B.C. Ap. Ill, 145-8 V.C II, 171 V.A., 77 B.C Ap. IV, 25 V.C II, 195 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C. Atlas 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 21 V.C.C III, 17 B.C. Ap. Ill, 78 (193) Fortification of, proposed by Tonera Sota, Governor of Cumana Sucre goes to drive Caribs from Sucre proposes to try to fortify against Carib inroads Fortification of, recommended S. Felipe deprecates erection of fort at . . 50 or 60 leagues from nearest centre oi supply Surveyed by Governor Espinosa . . Fortification of, opposed by Gumilla Solano describes position of, and proposes to fortify Solano suggests removal of S. Thome to Removal to, ordered Proposals to fortify, criticised by Governor Diguja D B.C. Ap. Ill, 6, 78 V.C. II, 280 B.C. Ap. Ill, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 22 B.C. Ap. Ill, 13 B.C.C Ap., 186, 187 B.C.C. Ap., 187 B.C. Ap. Ill, 14, 32, 33 B.C Ap. Ill, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 141 B.C. Ap. II, 207, 208 B.C. Ap. Ill, 1, 4 B.C. Ap. Ill, 29, 30, 31 ra Angostura— Anville, d'.] Angostura — continued. 1764 1765 Angrezi Aniavero = Amakuru R., q.v. «' f Annatto dye. See also under Teade, Dutch, and under Dye Teade. 17711773 1782 1820 1897 Anococo Creek, on Cuyuni Anville, d' Removal of Santo Thome to Removal of city to, reported Necessity for road at 1768 j Poor state of 1686 1699 1700 17011724 1739 1838 1840 1857 17481760 1761 1762 Statistics of . . Miserable state of . . Vessels arriving at . . Decree of Congress of Known as " The Englishman's Place " on the Cuyuni A store for, on the Massaruni Trade in, from Ports of Wakepo and Mahaicony Trade in, reserved to Company Importance of, to Dutch B.C., 57 B.C. Ap. Ill, 1, 2 B.C. Ap. Ill, 122-124 V.C.C. Ill, 78 V.C.C. Ill, 79 B.C Ap.IV, 115 B.C. Ap. IV, .80 B.C Ap. IV, 117 V.C.C III, 99 B.C., 69 B.C. Ap. VII, 234 Debit and credit account for Trade in, by Dutch with Caribs Cultivated at five places in Pomeroon and Tapacuma Cultivation of, in Pomeroon Marked by Shanks as boundary His authority relied on by Gravesande . . Map by Map by . . . . Copy of map sent by Gravesande. . Relied on by Gravesande Relied on by Gravesande Map by, marked by Gravesande, with the Cuyuni Post B.C Ap. I, 202 B.A., 40 B.C.C. Ap., 47, 49 B.C.C. Ap., 58 B.C.C. Ap., 53-4-7-8, 63-6, 74-5 B.C.C. Ap., 80, 83-5-9, 91, 107, 126-7, 133 B.C.C Ap., 144, 157 B.C. Ap. VII, 181 B.C.C. Ap., 182 B.C.C. Ap., 284 B.C.C. Ap., 292 V.C.C. Ill, 199 V.A., 73 B.C., 139 B.C. Atlas, 16 B.C., 139 B.C. Atlas, 23 B.C. Ap. II, 185 V.C II, 140 B.C Ap. II, 201 V.C. II, 145 B.O. Ap. II, 211 V.C. II, 147 V.C, 122 V.C. II, 146 13 Anville, d'— Arabian Coast.] Anville, d' — continued. 1763 Referred to as accurate by Commandeur of Demerara B.C Ap. II, 224 V.C. II, 153 1769 Map of, referred to in remonstrance as showing Waini as Dutch B.C. Ap. IV, 31 V.C II, 200 1772 Director-General declares Moruka Post not placed high enough up the river B.C Ap. IV, 104 V.C. II, 220 d' Anville Line First appearance of . . V.C.C. II, 291 V.A. II, Ixviii-lxix Merely copied from Delisle (Mallet-Prevost) V.C.C. II, 291 Arbitrary and erroneous as political boundary (Mallet-Prevost) V.C.C. II, 292, 293 1758 Referred to by Gravesande B.C. Ap. II, 144 V.C II, 126 Apangaru = Apongara, q.v. Apanoni River = Rupu nuni River, q.v. Aparicio, Juan 1762 Map by, to accompany Report of Diguja . . B.C Ap. II, 210 V.C II, 347 Apintaw River = Caphi- wuin River, q.v. Apongara Creek, or Apon- gwari A tributary of the Wenamu River (Cuyuni, above Curumu) B.C. Atlas, I &49 1789 Dutch plantations at (see also Cosacuea).. B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. V, 109 B.C.C, 82 Apongwan River 1843 According to Schomburgk, one of the great tributaries of the Caroni River B.C. Ap. VII, 50 Apoura - Poura = Burro - burro River, q.v. Apure River Tributary (L.B.) of Upper Orinoko B.C. Atlas, 29 1761 Solano refers to opening of, to foreign trade B.C. Ap. II, 203 1788 Marmion's account of trade by . . V.C.C. Ill, 142 t His description of . . V.C.C. Ill, 119 Aquire River= Aguirre q.v. Arabian Coast Or Aruabisi [i.e. " the place of the jaguar " in Arawak], a name used for the culti vated part of the sea coast west from the mouth of the Essequibo See Walker's Map c.f. Bouchenroeder and Chollet B.C. Atlas, 34 B.C. Atlas, 35 V.C. Atlas, 69 B.C. Ap. V, 172 Spanish attacks on . . B.C. Ap. VII, 37 V.C, 173 V.C III, 324 1808 Petition by planters on B.C Ap. V, 189-90 V.C, 173 B.C.C, 111 \ : 1839 Plantations on V.C, 168 V.C III, 315 14 Arabian Coast — Arawak Indians.] Arabian Coast — continued. Araguaeare, a Carib Arakaka Creek and Settle ment Aramai Aranda. See under Diplo mact Aranda, Gristoval de Aranjuez ArapiakruAraunama Arawak Indians 1850 1733 1891 1892 1893 1895 1839 1640 1791 1792 1876 1887 1839 1760 1637 16381665 1673 1711 Governor Barkly refers to the extraordi nary claim of Venezuela to Former prosperity of A pretended ally of the Spaniards, assists Taricura in his assault on Jesuit mis sions of Orinoco On (R.B.) Upper Barima Station at . . ¦ . . • Post-office at Waterside stores on New gold-office at . . Road from English mining at . . Captain of Akawois in Waini Alluded to as predecessor of Escobar as Governor of Province of Guayana Cartel of (in extenso) Letter from A. Backer to Spanish Gover nor-General concerning Quoted by S. Calcano S. Urbaneja refers to Proposal to remove Pomeroon Post to . . Director-General reports this the Arawak name for Essequibo, below junction of Massaruni The most docile tribe, much employed by Dutch Position since European advent Employment of, by Dutch Allied with the Dutch . . ¦ Friends of the Spaniards Assist Dutch against the English At war with Caribs of Barima Mentioned by Guzman as with the Dutch B.C. Ap. VI, 184 V.C. II, 143 B.CCAp.,162,3,4, 5,172, 177 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C.C, 119 B.C. Ap. VII, 293 B.C.C, 121 B.C. Ap. VII, 312 B.C.C, 120 B.C. Ap. VII, 313 B.C.C, 122 B.C.C, 122 B.C, 77 B.C Ap. VI, 70 B.C.C. Ap., 19 B.C. 61, 92 B.C. Ap. V, 127 V.C. Ill, 36-38 V.C. II, 482 B.C., 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 92, 94 B.C Ap. VII, 123, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 185 V.C. II, 140 B.C., 11 B.C., 10 B.C., H B.C. Ap. I, 92 B.C. Ap. I, 120 B.C Ap. I, 167 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C. II, 36 V.C.C. Ill, 16 Arawak Indians.] 15 Arawak Indians— continued. 1733 1750 17541758 1760 1763 17671769 1771 1772 1776 1779 Incited by the Caribs agaiust the Spaniards B.C.C. Ap., 164 on the Orinoco An infinite number attached to the Moruka B.C.C Ap., 194 Post (Spanish Official Report) Habitually employed paddlers by Dutch B.C.C Ap., 195 trading from Essequibo to Orinoco Organized as watchmen on coast against B.C. Ap. IL, 97 expected Spanish attack Of Moruka. Valdes describes as attached to B C Ap. II, 142 Dutch Post V.C II, 303 From Essequibo, working with the Dutch far up Cuyuni Employed by Dutch to fish in Barima and Orinoco Regarded by Director-General as " the real aborigines of this country " Near Moruka Post B.C. Ap. II, 146 B.C. Ap. II, 190, 191, 194-5 B.C.Ap. II, 185 18111812 1813 1823 1831 1834 1838 1839 B.C. Ap. II, 226 V.C. II. 154 Report fugitive slaves Living at Barima For many years united to the Dutch Stationed at Moruka Regarded by Dutch custom as not liable to slavery Described by Inciarte Of Pomeroon, receive Inciarte well Commissions to chiefs of . . Complaint by , against Spaniards of Sacopana Employed at Massaruni post Presents refused to . . State of, according toHilhouse As allies of English in Guiana Divisions into families Hilhouse on condition of Six, of Supenaam, apply for a land grant In Barima-Pomeroon District Crichton describes them as most civilized Of Pomeroon, the first to yield to mission influence B.C. Ap. Ill, 156 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. IV, 83 (193) 1841 But few in Pomeroon outside mission influence 1843 As labourers Of Pomeroon, much employed on estates on coast E B.C., 93 B.C Ap. IV, 101 B.C Ap. IV, 141-3 B.C.C Ap., 236, 253 B.C.C. Ap., 236-8 B.C., 9 B.C. Ap. IV, 207 V.C.C. Ill, 160 B.C. Ap., V, 198 B.C., 105 B.C. Ap. V, 203 B.C. Ap. VI, 27 B.C Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 52 B.C.C. Ap., 285 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 78 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C., 108 B.C Ap. VI, 125, 127, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 Arawak Indians — Arbitration.] 16 Arawak Indians — continued. 1844 Aid in establishing Waramuri Mission B.C. Ap. VI, 137 1848 The most aristocratic of the Indians, according to McClintock B.C. Ap. VI, 171 1850 Of Pomeroon, influence of Mission on B.C. Ap. VI, 177 1853 Adherence to Pomeroon Missions B.C.C. Ap,, 301-2 Of Pomeroon ; excellent effect of Missions on B.C. Ap. VI, 195 • 1856 Put down negro revolt B.C., 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 200 Arawak-Akawois (Or Wauwejaus). A group said to be half bred between Arawaks and Akawois B.C., 9 Arawaks, Spanish. . Explanation of their presence in Moruka. . B.C., 64 B.C Ap. VII, 217, 223 B.C.C Ap., 284 History of ; notes by McClintock. . B.C Ap. VI, 173, 211 1817 Arrival at Pomeroon Post from Orinoco, official measures in connection therewith B.C. Ap. VI, 7, 8 1819 Expenses of those deported to Porto Rico B.C. Ap. VI, 16 1823 1832 Plans for advantage of those on Moruka. . B.C. Ap. VI, 46-7 1834 State of, in Moruka River B.C. Ap. VI, 52, 3, 7 1836 Number of ; condition of . . B.C Ap. VI, 61 1837 From Moruka, seek work in Pomeroon . . B.C. Ap. VI, 62 1838 Crichton on their resort to British territory for protection B.C.C Ap., 284 Of Moruka, " evincing a superior degree of civilization " B.C.C Ap., 283 Sir H. Light on V.C, 167 1839 Superintendent reports that several families from Moruka have removed to Waini aud Barima B.C. Ap. VI, 70 1840 Form congregation of St. Rosa B.C. Ap. VI, 105 Some of the children learning English . . B.C. Ap. VI, 105 1856 Indignant at not having been called on to aid against negro rioters on Arabian coast B.C. Ap. VI, 200 1871 McClintock and Governor Barkly on character of B.C Ap. VI, 211 Arawara 1804 Returns Commission as Carib Captain, received from Governor Grovestins B.C.C. Ap., 263 1877 Attempts of Venezuelans to persuade to return to Orinoco B.C Ap. VI, 216 Araya, Castle of . . 1757 Dismantling of, suggested by Iturriaga, approved by (1761) Iturriaga B.C. Ap. II, 203 Arbitration, as to boundary 1881 Proposed by S. de Rojas B.C. Ap. VII, 97 Arbitration — Arinda Post.l 17 Arbitration— continued. 1883 1884 1885 Arbitration, Treaty of. See under Treaty of SabaDelagoa, Bay . . Arbitration, Tribunal of Arbitration, Historical in stances of. Arekuna Indians . . Arenakotte Indians Ariaen Arias Arikita = Yarakita, q.v. Arinda Arinda Post . . 1886 18871890 S. Seijas- and Geu. Blanco, as the only means of settling boundary Declared by L. Granville inadmissible as regards Venezuelan boundary Gen. Blanco wishes to include in Com mercial Treaty a clause referring all matters in dispute to arbitration Lord Salisbury declines to agree to article for general arbitration Clause proposed dealing with future differ ences only Scope of, proposed in projected treaty . . Lord Rosebery's proposal for restricted, as to boundary Proposed by S. Urbaneja Demanded by Venezuela in addition to evacuation Offered by Great Britain as to all west of " Schomburgk line " Proposal declined by Venezuela . . 18651875 177118431865 1778 1758 1732 -46 1735 Duty of (Living on the Savannahs about Roraima) Spanish intention to make friends with . . Schomburgk reports feud among From Caroni R. and Cuyuni come in to Waramuri Mission " A sort of Akawois " in Upper Pomeroon, or " above the Supenaam Creek " pro ceeded against for harbouring deserters A creole negro, seized with his wife and children at Cuiba by Spanish raiders A city on the Orinoco founded by, but abandoned by, Fernando Berrio On L.B. Upper Essequibo River, above Siparuni mouth, the original site of an important Dutch Post. Its second site was above the Rupununi mouth, at the site of the modern Aputerie Trade at the Post Fixed salary assigned for trader at B C 129 B.'CAp. VII, 105, 107 B.C, 129 B.C Ap. VII, 106, 107 B.C. Ap. VII, 113-5 B.C., 131 B.C Ap.VII, 114 B.C., 130 B.C. Ap. VII, 109 V.C. Ill, 227-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 B.C. Ap. VII, 124 B.C. Ap.VII, 126 B.C., 134 B.C Ap. VII, 135 B.C Ap. VII, 136 V.A. II, xxi-xxiii B.C., 152,155, 156 V.A. II, 600-603 V.A., 9 B.C Ap. IV, 98 B.C Ap. VII, 50 B.C.C Ap., 309 B.C. Ap. IV, 190, 192 B.C. Ap. II, 172 V.C.C III, 2 B.C.Atlas, 2 B.C Ap. VII, 178 B.C Ap. II, 21-2 18 Arinda Post.] Arinda Post — continued. 1737 1741 1744 1748 1749 1750 17511752 1753 1756 1758 1760 1762 1763 A definite "trading place" high up in Essequibo ; recognized as concentrating the earlier Dutch trade in those parts To extend the trade of the Company to the Amazon First recorded instance of name of Arinda for Post on Upper Essequibo News received at, from Herstman at Lake Parime Postholder at, changed All traffic to be done through Postholder at Postholder of, reports volcano on Siparuni Postholder Jacob Frederick Mushack brings down red slaves Postholder as witness in case of assault by colonist on Indians near Post Jan Jacob Steyner appointed Assistant Postholder To be moved up to Rupununi, to control Indians Removal said to have been effected Runaway negroes from Berbice reported near Slave (Indian) trade at Postholder reports himself flooded out . . Mushack is Postholder H. Steynfels appointed Postholder in place of Jacob Steyner Report of Postholder forwarded to Co. . . Postholder reports white men on the Savannah— at Wenamu in Cuyuni, at Queribura in Massaruni, and at Mawakken in Siparuni Postholder Newman discharged Reference by De la Garriga to Mentioned as up in Essequibo No news from Report on, by Director-General Gravesande Postholder discharged and replaced by his former assistant Hendrick Bakker " Postholder reports the Manoas Indians dissatisfied with their treatment by the Portuguese of Brazil, desire to come to the Dutch colony Postholder called on to raise Caribs against revolted slaves Director-General Gravesande reports on use of this for trade in Indian slaves and in dye, for exploring the country beyond, and for prevention of runaways B.C. 15, 82 B.C. Ap. VII, 158 B.A. 42 B.C Ap. II, 24 B.C Ap. VII, 160 B.C Ap. II, 35 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C Ap. II, 55 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C. 85 B.C. Ap. II, 64-5 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C Ap. II, 66-8 V.C II, 105 B.C. Ap. II, 71 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 88 B.C Ap. II, 129 B.C. Ap. II, 129 B.C. Ap. II, 130 B.C. Ap. II, 139 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C Ap. II, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 214 B.C. Ap. II, 221 V.C II, 154 B.C. Ap. II, 221 B.C. Ap. II, 222 B.C. Ap. II, 223 B.C. Ap. II, 227 Arinda Post.] 19 Arinda Post— continued. 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 177117731775 (193) Director-General Gravesande on ; position and uses of To be removed four days' higher up Policy of this move Postholder ordered to visit the Taruma Indians and the sources of the Esse quibo R. Arinda ; instructions to Postholder of Exercise of authority of Postholder of, in restoring peace among the Macusi and Wapiana Indians of the Rupununi Arinda ; all reported well at Arinda ; not yet removed Explorations beyond, by Postholder of ; reports a friar and a Portuguese on the Mahu River (Ireng), and that a Carib chief, friendly to the Dutch, had been sent to examine further into this matter Rumoured desertion of, and of raid by Magnow Indians on Postholder arrives at Fort Island and explains that he had left the post from fear of the Akawois, but that no raid had taken place Arinda, efficiency of . . False rumour of Spanish raid on . . Report of murder of Postholder . . Complaint in Dutch Remonstrance as to . Postholder of, discovers "Crystal Mountain" Report by Postholder of, on Rupununi and Ireng Had never been heard of by Governor of Guayana Centurion mentions Dutch trade in slaves on Rupununi and the Essequibo above that Heads of, Spanish Missions solemnly declare they had never heard of Post of Arinda, and that the upper waters of the Essequibo were inaccessible to them Director-General on Postholder of . . Carib levies raised through Postholder . . Carib levies under Postholder of . . Mention of Postholder at . . . . . . Post to conciliate Indians . . Relations of Postholder with Portuguese and Spaniards F B.C. Ap. Ill, 106-7 B.C Ap. Ill, 106-7, 113 B.A, 42 B.C. Ap. Ill, 117 B.C. Ap. Ill, 106-7 B.C, 87-8 B.C. Ap. Ill, 112 B.C., 85 B.C. Ap. Ill, 120 B.C. Ap. Ill, 126 B.C Ap. Ill, 120 B.C. Ap. Ill, 131, 137 B.C. Ap. Ill, 148, 152 B.C. Ap. Ill, 156-7 B.C. Ap. Ill, 164-5, 176 B.C., 54-5 B.C Ap. IV, 7, 14, 49, 52, 55, 59 B.C Ap. IV, 14 B.C Ap. IV, 30-1 V.C II, 199 B.C Ap. IV, 14 B.A., 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 16-7 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 52, 55, 56, 59, 62, 65 B.A., 44 B.A., 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 B.C, 15 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 72 V.C II, 373 B.C. Ap. IV, 46 B.C Ap. IV, 78 B.C Ap. IV, 82 B.C Ap. IV, 108 B.C., 89 B.C Ap. IV, 136 B.C. Ap. IV, 139, 164 20 Arinda Post— Arrangement of 1850] Arinda Post — continued. Aripamuri River Armstrong, Jonn ; Missionary 1776 1777 -80 1778 1779 -80 1785 1787 1790 Arocha, Pedro " Arrangement of 1850 " . . 1839 1897 1758 1830 1830 -1 1833 1836 1758 Centurion reports an officer from the Dutch Post on Rupununi had within two years visited the Rio Branco Portuguese arrested at, and taken to Fort Island New Postholder and Assistant at Postholder of, on River Parime Pietersen, Assistant Postholder Passport to . . Postholder reprimanded on complaint by Indian Fred. Eiffel as Postholder Caribs near, offer service . . . . Postholder Pierson discharged, and Starren- berg reappointed in his place Meijer dealt with for misdemeanour at . . Spanish knowledge of Dutch trading centre about Land on Essequibo granted to Postholder W. Smidt of Passes given for Schomburgk's reference to . . McTurk on traces and traditions of Existing traces of . . Written by Garriga for Rupununi, q.v. . . Visits Upper Essequibo and Massaruni .. Establishes Mission at Bartica with Governor's sanction Decides to visit Macusis on Rupununi Commits depredations on Fort Kijkoveral Soldier employed in Cuyuni raid; his declaration B.A., 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 164 B.A., 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 174,176 B.A., 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 140 B.A., 43 B.C Ap. VII, 172-3 B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. IV, 189 B.C Ap. IV, 190 B.C Ap. VII, 173-4 B.C Ap. V, 40 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 B.C.C Ap., 257 B.C. Ap. V, 121 ; B.A., 43 B.C.C Ap., 379 B.C. Ap. V, 78 Said to prevent title by prescription Question of violation discussed Alleged violation by Great Britain Alleged confession of British violation . . Alleged estoppel of Great Britain from stating Venezuelan violations B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.A., 44 B.C. Ap. VII, 234 B.C., Ap. VII, 226 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C Ap. VI, 42 B.C., 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 43, 45-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 50 B.C. Ap. VI, 60 B.C. Ap. II, 164 B.C 18, 71, 125 B.C. Ap. VI, 186-8 V.C 209 V.C.C. 54 V.A., 32, 60, 90, 97, 102, 104, 114, 715-6 V.A., 32, 60, 715-6 V.A., 90 V.A., 97 V.A., 102 V.A., 104 21 Arrangement of 1850— Arredondo.] "Arrangement of 1850" — continued 1858 1867 1870 1875 1883 1884 1886 1887 1893 Arraytana, Carib Owl Arredondo, Don Augustin de 1755 1729 1733 1734 Alleged never to. have b^en violated ,by Venezuela Secretary of State enjoins adherence to . . Breach of, by Venezuela Warning to British subjects employed in districts subject to Unfortunate effect of, in disputed area . . Not to be read as making disputed area a sanctuary for criminals Governor Longden's reference to . . Alleged breach by Venezuela Alleged breach by Venezuela Colonel Mansfield cited to show Venezuelan concessions did not infringe the Arrange ment British Secretary of State on breach of, by Venezuelan Government selling rights to left bank of Essequibo Guzman Blanco on alleged breach of, by Great Britain Secretary of State authorises concessions and grants within Schomburgk line Serior Urbaneja on effect of Alleged breaches of, by Great Britain; Lord Salisbury refutes Venezuelan view of territory in dispute . . Lord Salisbury's reference to breaches of, by Venezuela Territory in dispute under, said to be between Moruka and Essequibo Lord Rosebery and S. Michelena on attitudes of their respective govern ments toward Breaches of, by Venezuela ; Lord Rosebery enumerates, S. Michelena defends Venezuelan demand for reversion to, as status quo ; proposal declined by Great Britain Settlement since, British view with regard to His declaration as to the killing of the Akawois Report on expedition of French Bishop by Invited by Government of Trinidad to suppress Caribs on Orinoco Appeals to Dutch Commanders for bread, and is supplied V.A, 114 B.C.C. Ap., 306 V.C III, 148, 149 B.C.C Ap., 310-311 B.C. Ap. VI, 215, 216 B.C Ap. VI, 212-4 B.C., 131 B.C Ap. VI, 219 V.A., 99 B.C., 131 B.C Ap. VI, 221 V.A., 100 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 V.C. HI, 238, 246 B.C.C. Ap., 312 B.C Ap. VII, 123, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 130-1, 133 V.C. Ill, 184 B.C. Ap. VII, 133 V.C. Ill, 297 B.C. Ap. VII, 143, 5 B.C. Ap, VII, 143, 5 B.C Ap. VII, 142-3, 5 B.C., 135 B.C. Ap. II, 126, 127 V.C.C III, 25 B.C.C. Ap., 178-9 B.C.C, 88 B.C. Ap. II, 17 Arrowsmith — Aruka River.] 22 Arrowsmith, John Aruau River, tributary of Aruka Aruau Portage. See Yaea KITA POETAGE. Aruka River 1832 1834 1832 -40 1840 1841 17661768 1779 1839 1839 -41 1840 1839 -41 1840-41 1841 Map by 1850 18521873 1886 1887 Curumu Post on map of Mallet-Prevost on maps by; line drawn by, only adopted from D'Anville Map by Schomburgk on Tributary of Barima (L.B.) Van Rosen and Adams, settled in . Spanish raid on Dutch settlements on, traces of . Argument from traces of settlements on, criticised Inciarte explores and finds evidence of Dutch residence at Indians driven from Orinoco by enforced labour seek refuge in Visited by Superintendent Crichton Chiefs in, held British badges Visited officially by Superintendent King William, Captain of Warows, residing at British Jurisdiction exercised in. by Super intendent King Visited by Schomburgk and Superintendent King Superintendent King said to have con sidered it outside British boundary Creole Dutch spoken in Governor Barkly's reference to; trace of Dutch cultivation on Chiefs in, receive British presents Addison resident on, since Sloops trading to Settlers of British origin in Site chosen for Biitish Police Station B.C., 140 B.C. Atlas, 37 V.C. Atlas, 47 B.C.C, 100 V.C.C II, 299-302 V.C. Atlas. 48 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 B.C Ap. VII, 13, 14 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C., 51 B.C.C Ap., 215, 6 B.C., 51 B.C Ap. Ill, 167-175 B.C, 68 B.C. Ap.VI, 184; VII, 212, 218, 220, 233-4, 236-7, 243-6, 250 V.C.C, 45-47 B.C.C, 79 B.C.C. Ap., 243-6, 250 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C Ap. VI, 70 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 97 B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VI, 97 B.C., 117 B.C Ap. VI, 97, 112 B.C. Ap. VII, 16 B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VI, 111; VII, 12-4, 16 V.A., 681 B.C. Ap. VI, 112 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 ; VII, 236 B.C., 117 B.C Ap. VI, 190 B.C. Ap. VII, 212 B.C.C, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 239 B.C.C, 116 23 Aruka River — Atopani Creek.] Aruka River — continued. Aruka-matai Island Asakarta Creek, affluent of Baramani river (Waini river). Map 1. Assekuru Creek . . Asseliers, Jacobus Assembly of Nineteen Assembly of Ten . . Atkinson, William, school master, Moruka river (resi dent in Moruka since 1842) Atopani Cr«ek (one, of the tributaries on Aruka, near mouth) (193) 1887 18501887 1897 17791839 18401841 1675 1621 1626 1628 1632 1645 1648 167416851735 1747 1841 Rapid increase of squatters (British sub jects) and cultivation on Reported on by Governor Barkly By im Thurn By various witnesses In Cuvuni, between Ekereku and Curumu Explored by Inciarte Visited by Superintendent Crichton Visited by Superintendent King John Sutton dealt with for imposition on Indians of Superintendent King, at Captain Caboral's, visited by immense number of Indians Tributary Amakuru (R.B.) Visited by Schomburgk (Captain Jan residing in) Tentative trade in Orinoco To manage Dutch West Indian Company. . Consideration of trading places by Conditions for colonies adopted by Alleged proposal to abandon Essequibo . . Report of Zealand Chamber to To issue sailing permits Replaces Council of Nineteen Resolve to throw open Essequibo and Pomeroon Approves encouragement of trade with Orinoco Orders survey, and considers boundary question Action of, as regards supposed Spanish fort on Cuyuni, awaited by W.I. Co. Suggest dislodgment of Spaniards Declaration of Residence of Warow, Captain William . . 1897 Traces of Dutch residence at G B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C Ap. VI, 184 ; VII, 236 B.C Ap. VI, 240 B.C. Ap. VII, 212, 218, 220, 233-4, 236-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 228-234 B.C.C. Ap., 224-5, 242, 250 B.C. A p. VI,. 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C Ap. VI, 107 B.C Ap. VI, 112 B.C. Atlas 1 B.C Ap. VII, 14 V.C. II, 37 V.C.C. Ill, 13-16 V.A., 533 B.C., 24 B.C. Ap. I, 62 B.C. Ap. I, 65 V.C, 70-1 B.C., 85 B.C Ap. I, 131 B.C. Ap. I, 137 B.C 29 B.C. Ap. I, 174 B.C. Ap. I, 189-92 V.C. II, 53 B.C. Ap. II, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 51 V.A., 67 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 51 V.C. II, 98-9 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C Ap. VII 24 Atorai Indians — Bagot.] Atorai Indians (on Savannah at source of Essequibo) 1778 1821 1839 1897 Attoraische — Atoeai In DIAN8, q.v. Augustino 1839 Aunama Creek Avechica. See under Mis sions, Spanish. Awaroutaru A-Y-Abarie. — Owtebaeei, q.v. Ayangcanna Mountain . . Azacate Creek. — Asakabta Crbkk, q.v. B. Bacx, Corporal Joos. Badges to Indians Bailey v. Carleton. Baird, Andrew Frazer Bagot, George 1841 1857 1741 Certificate to Owl as friend and ally of Dutch On Upper Essequibo, 32 days' distant from the Post; reckoned, with Macusis, at more than l,000.men attached to the Essequibo Post Youd's Report on mission work among, on Rupununi Declaration by McTurk as to Captain of, with official staff Indian case, in Moruka, of Augustino (Sp. Arawak) v. Warow Simiteo, dealt with by Superintendent Crichton Tributary (R.B.) of Barama River. . Schomburgk on position of Criticism on Sehomburgk's boundary at . . Fall of, passed by Hildebrandt . . South from Massaruni Insignificance of, stated Wide interval between, and Blue Mountains Alleged gorge of Cuyuni through. . Alleged gorge through, denied 1699 1841 -4 1844 18201826 In charge of Dutch Coastguard Station at mouth of Essequibo Given to Chiefs by Dutch Exhibit by McTurk and im Thurn Quoted on extent of possession belonging to adverse holders Postholder of Ampa, vice Barkey, deceased, and Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks for Essequibo Report of B.C. Ap. IV, 190 B.C. Ap. VI, 19, 221 B.C. Ap. VI, 64, 5 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C Ap. VI, 82 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 27 V.C.C III, 199 V.C. II, 93 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C.C, 5 B.C.C, 5 V.C„ 29 B.C.C, 15 B.C.C Ap., 54, 7 B.C, 15 B.C Ap. VII, 234, 244 V.A., 364, 366, 385, 390 , B.C. Ap. VI, 115, 131 B.C.C Ap., 293 Appointed Protector of Indians for Esse quibo Arranges Treaty of Peace between con tending tribes As Second Fiscal, warns Hilhouse off CrOWn Lauds in Massaruni B.C.C Ap., 296-299 B.C. Ap. VI, 18 B.C, Ap. VI, 37, 8, & 45 B.C Ap. VI, 36 25 Bagot— Barama River.] B agot — continued. Baker, Captain A. W., In spector of Prisons, British Guiana Bakker, Pietor de . . Bakker, Hendrik Balboa Bamutu, a Carib 1831 1832 1834 Banabanado Island, on 1841 Essequibo R. 1750 1762 1763 -5 1766 1513 1758 Baptiste, Jan Baptiste, Juan (Postholder on Cuyuni, 1757-8) = Bruijn, Guilliaam Batist de, q.v. Bara Bara-Bara Creek Baraca Barama (or Paraman) Rivei 1709 1716 -45 1726 1842 1779 18401748 1758 Letter to Governor D'Urban on disposal of Indian convicted of murder Explains jurisdiction of British over Indians to mutual advantage Reports to Governor that Indians have probably not decreased in number As High Sheriff, on manslaughter of Warow Hendrick Declaration of Caribs of Massaruni complain to Court of Justice of ill-treatment by Bijlegger at Arinda. . Postholder at . . . . . . B.C. Ap. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 44 B.C Ap. VI, 48 B.C Ap. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. VII, 240 Assistant Postholder of Arinda, reports on the " Pyramid " Crosses Isthmus of Darien Said to be specially hostile to converted Caribs and active in trade in red slaves with Dutch Arrest of, desired in vain by Spaniards raiding Cuyuni Property of Bilstein, inhabited by De Britteri Appears as Postholder, but with no definite post assigned Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Sent as envoy to Orinoco 1858 At junction of R. Negro with Amazon, nearest Brazilian depot to St. Joaquin Explored by Inciarte Officially visited by Superintendent King. . An Indian attached to Moruka Post claims justice agaiust Colonist Branch Waini R. (L.B.) Dutch residents on . . De la Garriga's reference to Dutch use of Dutch in, said to have been slave traders sojourning there A Carib stronghold . . , . . . , . Akawois from Upper, come in to Waramuri Mission B.C., Ap. II, 64 B.C. Ap. II, 221 B.C. Ap. VII, 164 B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5 B.C Ap. Ill, 130 V.C, 36 B.C. Ap. II, 152 B.C. Ap. II, 160-1 B.C Ap. VI, 108, 9 B.C. Ap. VII, 155 B.C. Ap. II, 3, 25 B.C. Ap. VII, 155-60, 176,8 B.C. Ap. II, 5, 6 V.C. II, 79 B.C Ap. VI, 121 B.C.C Ap., 225-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Atlas 1 B.C., 48, 82, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C Ap. II, 148 V.C II, 306 V.C.C, 43 B.C Ap. II, 148 B.C.C. Ap., 306 26 Barama River — Baramani River.] Barama River — continued. Baramani River 1779 1841 1843 1844 1845 1846 1849 1850 1857 187218871887 -8 18901896 177918391840 Explored by Beltran for Inciarte Hill opposite the mouth described by Inciarte and compared to Padrastro on Orinoco Schomburgk's report on visit to . . Indians from head of, work at Pomeroon. . Schomburgk's estimate of number of Indians on Path from, to Cuyuni, across watershed, followed by Schomburgk Inaccurately laid down in maps previous to Schomburgk Indians of, clearing bush in hopes of esta blishment of mission there Officially visited McClintock by Postholder Warows of, alleged homicide among, investigated by Postholder Akawois of, apply to Postholder for teacher Akawois from, send their children to Waramuri Mission Migration of Akawois and some Caribs from, to Cuyuni to see " God on earth" Return of ditto Captains appointed for ditto Warows from, lodge complaint of non payment for labour performed on Arabian Coast Census taken in Path to Cuyuni from . , Visited by the Bishop of Guiana Hill opposite mouth of British prospection for gold in Gold discovery on . . New station at, Proposed road to Cuyuni . . Tributary of L.B. Waini, forming part oi the waterway to Moruka Said to take its rise in a lagoon . . Explored by Inciarte Visited by Superintendent Crichton Visited by Superintendent King . . Ofiicially visited by Postholder McClintock B.C.C. Ap., 242 B.C.C. Ap., 241-2, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 24-26 B.C., 118 B C Ap. VII, 25 B.C Ap. VII, 25 B.C. Ap. VII, 25, 27 B.C. Ap. VII, 130 B.C Ap. VI, 128 B.C. Ap. VI, 134-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 134-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 141-2 B.C. Ap. VI, 144 B.C., 118 B.C., Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 177 B.C. Ap. VI, 188 V.C.C III, 190 B.C.C. Ap., 311 B.C.C Ap., 311 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VII, 262, 277 B.C.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 271 B.C., 77 B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 ; VII, 2 B.C.C. Ap. 223, 240, 250 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 27 Baramani River— Barima River.] Baramani River — contd. Barancas Barcelona' de, Fray Bruno. Barcelona, Carlos de Barcelona, Fray Luis de Barceloneta. . Barima Island Barima River. (See also under Aruka.) 1840 1844 188818901892 1802 1850 1770 17721791 1763 1S87 -90 (193) Postholder 's return of Indians from Visited and described by Postholder McClintock Station being erected at . . New buildings at . . Post office at On [L.B.] of Orinoco, at apex of delta Visited by McCreagh Nearest Venezuelan Custom House to Amakuru Principal of the Catalonian Capuchins Memorandum on the Missions Letter on Centurion by Map drawn by Royal Council request reports from, on dis agreements of the missionaries Report to Royal Council Answer to Marmion's complaint Founded on the Parana A term used by Venezuelans for the area lying between the Lower Waini and Bsirima rivers, the Mora Passage and the sea Claimed by Venezuela as within mouth of Orinoco Geographical. The term "Barima" often used widely of the district drained by the River To sea east of Orinoco Confused with Amakuru Inaccurately laid down in Codazzi's map Water communication of, by Mora Passage, Waini and Moruk a, with Pomeroon Water communication with Orinoco alleged by Venezuela Separated by water parting from Amakuru Great Britain to prove present separation of, from Orinoco II B.C Ap. VI, 99-100 B.C Ap. VI, 135, 211 B.C.C, 116 B.C Ap. VII, 260 B.C.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 270 B.C.C. 121 B.C Ap. VII, 312 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. 61 B.C. Ap. V, 173 B.C., 72 V.C III, 57 B.C., Ap. VI, 183 V.C. II, 398 V.C II, 398 V.C.C. Ill, 85 B.C. Ap. IV, 101, 102 B.C. Ap. V, 126 B.C Ap. V, 126, 130 V.C.C III, 151 B.C. Ap. IV, 117 B.C. Ap. VII, 126, 135 B.C., 7 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C., 50 V.C.C II, 140 V.A., 76 BiC Ap. VII, 37 B.C, 9 V.C.C, 7 B.C. Ap. VII, 237 B.C.C, 5, 6 B.C.C Ap., 245 V.C.C, 9, 10 Barima River.] 28 Barima River — continued. Separation alleged by Venezuela to be V.C.C, 7 fanciful Alleged to be a tributary of the Orinoco . Alleged to be not an independent stream but a mouth of the Orinoco " Distant by sea one hour from mouth of Orinoco " (Spanish Official Report, 1750) Course of tide below Morawhaca . . British claim alleged to rest on geographical reasons rather than actual control British argument, from geological formation of, examined Access to, commanded by Moruka Histoeicai.. Included in the Company's charter Use of, as an avenue of trade Denial of Dutch trade with Indians of English and French trade in Trade in, by Surinam Dutch Said to have been more frequented from Surinam than from Essequibo The Company powerless to exclude Surinam traders from Dutch settlement in, treated as confined to three incidents These settlements said to be contrary to Dutch authority Alleged traces of these settlements dis cussed These traces not necessarily Dutch Legal insufficiency of Dutch settlement of, alleged Unofficial character of Dutch Plantations in Dutch jurisdiction in, alleged to be purely personal Spanish authority exercised in Acts of Spaniards in, said to be real and positive assertion of the Spanish claims on the coast Venezuelan control exercised to Schom burgk's time The river goes with Spanish title to Orinoco V.A., 175, 558 V.C, 15 V.C, 15 V.C.C, 20 V.C.C, 7 B.C., 88 B.C.C, 65 V.C.C, 19 V.A. II, 760 V.A. II, 523-30 V.A. II, 511-23 V.A. II, 573-6 V.A. II, 446-7 V.A. II, 520-1 V.A. II, 576-7 V.A. II, 435 V.A. II, 761 V.A. II, 462 V A. II, 438 V.A. II, 459 V.C.C, 47 V.A. II, 531 V.A. II, 538, 540, 547 V.C, 351 V.A. II, 695 V.A. II, 558 21) Barima River.] Barima River— continued 1530 1593 1599 1600 1700 16381663 1673 16741680 1683 Alleged settlement of Pedro de Acosta in, soon destroyed by Caribs Settlement of Acosta questioned by Burr. . Caribs from, met by Berrio in Orinoco above Caroni Visited by Dutch for trade Alleged trade use of, by Spaniards Dutch trade to, " Abarima" Visited, and inspected for settlement, by Commandeur of Pomeroon Caribs of, at war with Arawaks Dutch trade with Caribs of, in crab oil Dutch trade route to Orinoco Whether within new Charter of Company ? (Burr) Threat of Indians of Essequibo to depart to V.C, 37 V.C.C. II, 214,215 V.C. II, 179 B.C. Ap. I, 2 B.C.. 21 B.C. Ap. I, 19, 20 V.A. II, 446 1684 1685 Company's servant to reside in, to check unauthorised trade in Said to have been regarded as Spanish river open to general trade Dutch trade with Caribs of Dutch restriction of right to trade to French trade with Commandeur Beekman's intentions as to trade in Invaded by Caribs expelled from Surinam, who temporarily act with French Dutch trade with Caribs of Station on, built for Company's Servant to reside in Murder of Gabriel Biscop in Vanilla from Caribs fly to, from Spanish in Orinoco B.C. Ap. I, 116 B.C.C Ap., 38 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C II, 36 B.C., 80, 1 14 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C, 83 B A., 30 V.C, 85 V.C.C II, 121-2, 1S1 B.C Ap. I, 183 V.C II, 41 B.C., 13, 30, 83, 114 B.C. Ad. I, 185-6 V.C. If, 45 V.C.C, 18 V.A. II, 448 V.A. II, 513 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.C Ap. I, 18u V.C. II, 45 V.C, 86 V.C. II, 44 V.A. II, 513 B.C., 114, 115 B.C. Ap. I, 187 B.C. 114 B.C Ap I, 186 B.C., 30-1 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C, 86 V.C. II, 45 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C II, 47 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C. II, 46 B.C., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 53 Barima River.] SO Barima River— continued. 1688 1694 699- 1701 1700- 1800 1700- 25 1701 1711 17141722 1725- 1803 Alleged French establishment in Red slaves from [Burr] Commandeur Beekman's alleged statement that the river lay under the dominion of the Spaniard The river not mentioned in Kijkoveral journal Close relations of Dutch with Caribs of, admitted by Burr Alleged absence of Dutch trade to Alleged Spanish permission to French and Dutch to trade in Caribs of, make peace with Dutch, and French influence in, ceases Dutch secret expedition to Orinoco rests at; shelter deserted in Dutch mastery of, denied Regarded as Dutch by Maurain Saincterre, who advises plantations on General Spanish control of, alleged 1732-4) Rumours of Swedish intention to seize Barima 1732 [Burr] Pinto sent to reconnoitre Swedish settle ment at Dutch Governor arranges to resist any attempt by Swedes V.C, 88 ;V.C. II. 59, 62 V.C.C. II, 217 V.A., 445 B.C. Ap. I, 213 B.C Ap. I, 213 V.A. II, 530 V.A. II, 515 V.C.C II, 138 V.C, 93 V.C, 94 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. I, 224-5 B.C.C, 64 V.C, 93 V.C, 94 V.C II, 73 V.C.C II, 125 V.C.C, 42 B.C. Ap. I, 253 V.C, 93 V.C. II, 79 V.C.C. II, 125 V.C.C, 52 B.C., 34, 115 B.C Ap. II, 18 ; III, 81, 82 V.C, 139 V.C. II, 85 B.C.C, 78, 83, 88 B.C.C. Ap , 177 V.C.C. II, 223 V.C.C. Ill, 37 B.C., 34, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 18; 111,8 [V.C, 34 Caribs warned by Dutch not to assist the VCC III, 39 Swedes 1732 -4 1733 1733 -5 Expedition of Sucre, Governor of Cumana, to, in connection with rumoured ap proach of Swedes Sucre advises Commandeur of Essequibo not to tolerate the Swedes Swedish incident treated as negativing Dutch control Caribs of; Gumilla onassaults bv,on Orinoco Missions B.C., 34 B.C Ap. Ill, 18, 81 V.C, 139 n. V.C. II, 282-3 V.A. II, 535 B.C., 34 B C. Ap. II, 18 V.C.C, 48-50 B.C.C. Ap., 162-3 Dutch traders in 1734 Caribs of , trading with Dutch B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. 11,20-1 B.C., 115 B.C Ap. Ill, 81 Barima River.] 31 Barima River — continued. 1735 1737 1744 (193) 1746 1747 17481749 1750 1752 1753 Referred to by Commandeur as in " this colony '' Dutch trader there Permission of Court of Policy to colouist to visit Action of Colonist Cauderas in Barima dealt with by Court of Policy Sucre asks help to prevent Swedes at Indians of, ask Commandeur for Post- holder in Motive for the request said to have been rum Indians of, offer to Dutch to guard passage to Orinoco from deserters W. I. Co. permits Commandeur to establish Postholder in Barima Proposal to establish Post at Indians of, under Dutch, successfully attack runaway negroes Post not yet established at . . Importance of inland channel from Tradition as to Dutch jurisdiction in [Burr] Claimed by Commandeur of Essequibo . . Trade in red slaves in, by Dutch from Surinam, allowed by Commandeur Van Rosen's petition to King of Sweden as to " Inhabited by Caribs, with whom the Dutch trade" (Sp. Official Report) Not regarded as part of Orinoco (Sp. Offi cial Report; Mouth of, one hour, by sea, distant from the Great mouth of the Orinoco (Sp. Official Report) Caribs complain to Essequibo Court of Justice of arrest of their children at Dutchman summoned from, and dealt with by C of Justice, on complaint of Caribs Caribs of, under Dutch Director-General reports renewed rumours of Swedish intention to settle in B.C. Ap. II, 21 B.C.C, 78 B.C., 81, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 20-21 B.C Ap. II, 20, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 20, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 25 V.C. II, 284 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 42 V.A. II, 517-9 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 43 V.C. II, 95 B.C Ap. II. 42, 43 V.C. II, 95 B.C.C, 78 B.A., 30 B.C., 94, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 44 V.C. Ill, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 53 V.C. II, 297 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C.C, 79 V.C. II. 101 V.C.C. II, 128, 129 B.C. 50, 51, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 61, 73 B.C.C. 79 B.A,, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 61 V.C. II, 104 B.C. Ap. Ill, 152 B.C.C Ap., 194 B.C.C Ap., 193 B.C.C. Ap., 194 BC, 85, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 72, 73 B.C. Ap. II, 73 B.C.C, 79 B.A., 30 B.C. Ap. II, 72 B.C. Ap. II, 77 Barima River. ! 32 Barima River— continued. 1754 1755 1757 1758 1759 1760 Caribs of, warned by Director-General, retreat to Waini to avoid expected Spaniards Dutch trade there Van Rosen's petition to King of Prussia . . Caribs from, summoned to Essequibo, in the matter of the killing of Akawois in Massaruni Dutch trade by Caribs of, trade with Dutch of Essequibo, through Caroni and Cuyuni 1761 Dutch traders there. . Unruliness of traders in, complained of by Commandant of Guayana, but controlled by Dutch Iturriaga on Dutch reaching Garriga regards Dutch as supreme in Dutch trade by . . . . Director-General claims that rightful boun dary of Colony extends to As boundary; Zeeland Chamber enquires as to Spoken of by Director-General as " within the Company's territory " Dutch fishery in Dutch traders there. . Dutch settled in 5 days up, above where the river narrows Slave trade carried on by Dutch in Raid by Spaniards, under Flores, on Dutch settled in Not ascended by Flores Schooner and two launches seized bv Flores at J Chief in, summoned to give evidence The Company claims ownership of B.C., 97 B.C. Ap. II, 95, 96, 99 V.C, 128, 132 V.C Ap., 113 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 100 B.C. Ap. Ill, 153 V.C II, 118 B.C., 86 B.C Ap. II, 123. 125-7 B.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 110 B.C. Ap. II, 109, 110 B.C., 81 B.CAp. II, 131, 132 B.C, 47, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 131, 132 V.C. II, 122 B.C. Ap. II, 137 V.C, 116, 140 V.C. II, 301 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C.. 81 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C Ap. II, 180 V.C. II, 137 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 197 V.C. II, 142 B.CAp. II, 190, 191,194-5 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 187, 204 B.A., 30 B.C. Ap. II, 190, 192, 193, 194-5 V.A. II, 460 BCAp. II, 187-8, 194-5 V.C.C. 43 B.C. Ap. II, 187-196 V.C, 140 V.C II, 327-41 B.C.C, 90 V.A. II, 460, 538 B.C An. II. 194 B.A., 2*2 B.C. Ap. II, 188 V.C, 141 V.C. II, 328 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 187 B.C. Ap. II, 198 Barima River.] 33 Barima River — continued. 1761 " The Spaniards cleared Barima of Surinam traders" V.C, 142 There is no evidence for this . . B.C.C, 91 B.CAp. II, 199, 200-1,217 Director-General reports Carib tradition of Dutch ownership and Dutch Post in B.C. Ap. II, 201 V.C. II, 145 B.A., 31 Caribs ask for re-establishment of . . B.C. Ap. II, 201 Director-General claims that the Spaniards by their complaints to him of depredators in Barima, attribute ownership to Dutch B.C. Ap. II, 201 ; III, 141 B.A., 30 Solano's reference to the tacit, or even express permission given by Spanish Governors to the Dutch to fish in B.C. Ap. IV, 204 1762 To be included in van Bercheyck's pro posed survey of Colony of Essequibo B.C Ap. 11, 215, 224 1764 Dutch jurisdiction from Abary to . . B.C., 115 B.C Ap. Ill, 105 B.A., 31 Caribs of, aid the Dutch in suppressing slave revolt in Berbice B.C, 94, 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 103-5 B.C.C, 91 B.A., 31 Reached by Moruka itabo . . .. B.C. Ap. Ill, 111 Suggestion (attributed to Gravesande) that the river should not be named in Surinam passes from deference to the Spauiards B.C. Ap. III. 114 V.C. II, 158 V.A., 76 1765 Chief in, receives Dutch badge B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 126 Dutch colonist, Diederick Neelis, in B.C. Ap. Ill, 127 Dutch patrol to, for runaways B.CAp. Ill, 127 1766 Dutch in, iu defiance of order of Dutch Government B.C, 48 B.C Ap., Ill, 131 B.C.C, 77 V.C, 43, 44, 110 > Dutch timber-cutting in B.C., 84 B.C. Ap. Ill, 132 B.CC Ap., 210 B.A., 31 V.A. II, 651 Trader in (van Rosen), arrested by Dutch and dealt with by Essequibo Court of Justice B.C, 89, 116 B.C. Ap., Ill, 13? B.C.C, 77 B.C C Ap., 208-16 V.A. II, 453 Closed to settlers by Proclamation after the affair of van Rosen B.C.C, 77 B.C.C. Ap., 210 V.C.C, 44 This prohibition said not to imply political control V.A., 43 West India Company inquire as to basis of jurisdiction over van Rosen B.C. Ap. Ill, 137 Placed under Postholder of Moruka, to whom all occurrences were to be reported B.CAp. Ill, 141, 155 V.C. II, 165 B.C.C, 77 West India Company's comments on V.C. II, 166 34 Barima River.] Barima River — continued. 1766 1767 1768 1769 West side of, reputed Spanish East bank of, claimed as decidedly Com pany's territory Regarded as boundary by both Outlaws on west bank of . . Dutch residents on . . Spanish Governor disclaims jurisdiction in Warow Indians from true delta of Orinoco take refuge from Spaniards in Dutch authorities exercise right of pro hibiting settlement in Dutch deserters in . . Foreigners in, alleged to include French and English Spanish account of Dutch families estab lished in The Dutch settlers warned by Caribs of Spanish attack Raid by Cierto on, file as to „ „ his instructions •i .) sale of property seized >, ,, act of forfeiture The so-called Spanish raid on, declared to be the work of Dutch deserters Expulsion of Dutch from, relied upon Dutch deserters and Spaniards molest Caribs in Indians of, considered themselves Dutch. . Caribs of, complain to Dutch of molesta tion by Spaniards Caribs in, ask leave of the Dutch to defend themselves against Spaniards Caribs told by Director-General, with approval of the Company, to do so Spanish raiders of Moruka stay in Widow La Riviere, who had been for bidden by Dutch to settle in, robbed there by Spaniards Alleged depredations of Spaniards between Pomeroon and B.C. Ap. Ill, 131 V.C II, 165 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141, 165 V.C. II, 169 B.A., 31 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C., 51 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C, 51 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C., 51 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C, 116 B.C Ap. Ill, 144 B.C.C, 24 B.C., 87, 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176 B.C. Ap. Ill, 183 V.C. II, 176, 17!) V.C.C, 44 B.C. AP. Ill, 170 B.CAp. Ill, 170, 171,172, 173 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 167-175 V.C. II, 359 V.A. II, 457, 541 B.C. Ap. Ill, 170 B.C. Ap. Ill, 168, 169 B.C. Ap. Ill, 173, 174 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176 V.C.C, 44 B.C. Ap. Ill, 182 B.CAp. Ill, 182 B.C.C, 77 B.C., 98 B.C. Ap. Ill, 182 V.C II, 178 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 182 B.C. Ap. IV, 13, 29 B.C. Ap. IV, 13 V.C, 131, 144 V.C. II, 190 B.C. Ap. IV, 12 V.C. II, 187 B.C. Ap. IV, 14 V.C, 144 V.C II, 191 Barima River.] 35 Barima River — continued. 1769 17701775 1776 17781779 Refugee Indians taken by Spaniards from Warows from Orinoco taking refuge in . . Caribs said to be migrating to Essequibo River from Father Caulin's account of, as inhabited by Indians in communication with the Dutch of the Essequibo River Garriga records Gravesande's claim to, and doubts missionary title to penetrate into Post proposed by Centurion at V.C.C, III, 80 B.C. Ap. IV, 2 V.C. II, 181 V.C. II, 189 B.C, 81 B.C Ap. IV, 23 1781 1783 1788 1797 1800 1801 1802 1803 Centurion denies Dutch occupation of Mateo told by Postholder that Barima belongs to Sweden " Where the Caribs hold their fairs with the Dutch " (note on map by Valdez, Commandant of Guayana) Pass of Carib chief to Explored by Inciarte . . . , « . Differs from the Waini in quality of water (Inciarte) Inciarte records independence of system of, from that of Orinoco The ex-Postholder of Moruka again attri butes the Barima to Sweden Frequented by the Dutch of Essequibo. (Father Caulin) The river said to be recognised as Spanish in Dutch Remonstrance Pirate Mateo lying in Surveyed by British . . . . (Or Amakuru) put as boundary on British official map Marmion suggests that Spain should dis regard Spanish reconnaissance ordered to Land as far as, said by Spaniards to have been apportioned by British Dutch trade with, said to be a mere tra dition Marked as boundary by British Commander Alleged Spanish pilot station at, was really at Pagayos in Orinoco Lumbering grants proposed B.C Ap. IV, 73 V.C. II, 397 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B.C Ap. IV, 138 •V.C. II, 225 B.C. Atlas, p. 28 B.C., 188 B.A., 31 B.C.. 88 B.C. Ap. IV, 189 B.C.C. Ap., 219-221, 243-6, 250 B.C.C. Ap., 221 B.C.C Ap., 218, 219, 221, 238, 245 B.C.C. Ap., 255 B.C, 81 V.A., 81 B.CAp. IV, 216 V.C. II, 237 B.C, 57 B.C. Ap. V, 76 B.C., 58 B.C. Atlas, p. 30 B.C., 58 B.C. Ap. V, 61 B.C. Ap. V, 167 V.C.C, 53 B.C., 17, 62, 117 B.CAp. V, 164, 165 V.C, 114 BC, 62 B.CAp.V,172&A^w,p.37 B.C. Ap. V, 173 B.C.C, 127 V.C, 198 B.C., 84 B.C. Ap. V, 183 (193) * Misprint in text. K Barima River. 36 Barima River — continued. 1804 1813 -40 1813 1816 1818 1827 183G 1838 1839 1840 -1 1840 Considered boundary by the Dutch, re corded by Governor Myers Not interfered with by Spain or Venezuela B.C., 70 Indians from, serve in negro revolt Indians from, share in distribution of presents at Pomeroon Post Indians in, list of, for military service Within jurisdiction of Colony Mentioned as boundary point by D'Urban. Correspondence as to proposed Venezuelan B.C., 122 beacon on Barima Point Indians from, attending British Mission in Moruka Crichton's report on two visits to. . The Report treated as showing non- occupation by British Crichton reports himself satisfied that no persons other than Indians resident in Superintendent explains to Indians of, the new regulations for protection of Indian labour Indian cases in, dealt with by Superin tendent Indian Captains in, "even on left bank," have received badges and presents from British Government Indians of, visited from Moruka Mission . . Indians from Colombia (Venezuela) take refuge in Crichton urges definite inclusion of, in British territory Danger of yielding left bank to Colombian Government No water communication with the Amakuru British jurisdiction exercised in .'. B.C. Ap. V, 186 B. Ap., 31 BG, 106, 117 BC. Ap. V, 217; VI, 1-4 B.C., 117 }.: C Ap. VI, 5 B.C., 112 B.CAp. VI, 9, 11 B.A., 31 B.C. Ap. VI, 39 B.CC, 108 B.A., 31 Venezuelan gunboat visits; British Governor B.C., 70 protests against Criminal charge against Maul and Pauli for B.C. 102 117 QOOQnl+ i-\-p Tt-i /-IIi-i-^^ 1^. -— * assault of Indians in Superintendent King visits and acts B.C. Ap. VI, 96 magisterially in B.C Ap. VII, 81-5 V.C, 199 B.C.C, 127 V.A., 82 B.C.C. Ap., 283 B.C. Ap. VI, 70, 81 V.C, 168 V.C.C, 109 V.A., 669-70 B.C. Ap. VI, 70-2, 76 B.C.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 71 B.C. Ap, VI, 71 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 ; VII, 2 B.C Ap. VI, 64 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C Ap. VII, 2 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 96-7, 112 B.C. Ap. VI, 99, 102, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 96, 97, 99, 102-3, 106-8 V.A., 710 Barima River.] 37 Barima River — continued. 1840 1841 1842 1843 Treated by Superintendent King as boundary Schomburgk's reports on visit to . . These reports relied on as showing Vene zuelan presence in Barima May 13th; boundary post planted by Schomburgk at mouth of Mouth of the river, previously inaccurately laid down on all maps, surveyed by Schomburgk Traces of ancient cultivation found at mouth of These traces alleged to be French Schomburgk on character of bar at mouth of Schomburgk on value of mouth of, for fishery Agricultural character of coast land like that of the Demerara Separated from Amakuru by portage Schomburgk's letters on British claim to. . The boundary claimed by Great Britain (Sir H. Light) Denial of British occupation of . Venezuelan Commission, on British flag at Venezuela alleges exercise of jurisdiction at No Venezuelans seen by Schomburgk in . , Indians of, habitually employed on Pomeroon Superintendent reports small-pox in Indians of, McClintock officially comments on need of instruction for Creole Dutch spoken in Jurisdiction exercised by superintendents on left bank of Indian wituesses summoned from, to Supreme Court Schomburgk hears tradition of " the last place of the white man," at Hierena Ck. Iudian path from (by Manari) to Barama and Cuyuni Schomburgk's post at, removed Officially visited by Postholder McClintock Indians of, disputes between, settled by B.C. Ap. VI, 99 V.A. II, 693 B.C. Ap. VII, 11-24 V.A. II, 694-5 B.C., 66 B.C. Ap. VI, 112; VII, 12 B.C. Ap. VII, 12, 30 B.C. Atlas, 49 B.C., 67 B.C. Ap. VII, 13 VCC, 46 B.C. Ap. VII, 34 B.C. Ap. VII, 13 B.C Ap. VII, 13 B.C. Ap. VII, 14 B.C. Ap.VII, 31-34 V.C III, 198 V.C, 204, 207 V.C, 203 V.C. 111,196 B.C Ap. VII, 76 V.C, 205 B.C. Ap. VI, 112; VII, 13 B.C Ap. VI. 103; VII, 25 B.C. Ap. VI, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 B.C., 117 B.C Ap. VII, 14, 236 B.C., 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 92, 107. !J2 B.C Ap. VI, 107 B.C. Ap. VII, 21, b.1 B.C Ap. VII 25 B.C., 70 B.C Ap. VII 81) B.C., 117-8 B.C Ap. VI, 1 27 B.C Ap. VI, 128 Barima River.] 38 Barima River — continued. 1843 1844 -5 1844 1845 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 Indian witnesses brought from Barima to Court of Justice at Capoey, re charge of robbery by colonist of Indian in Indians of, render excellent services as labourers in Pomeroon aud Essequibo R Murder in, investigated by McClintock . . Indians of, join eagerly in establishing Waramuri Mission Akawois of, migrate to Supenaam Creek . . Proposal to establish Postholder in Warows from, as labourers on Arabian coast Indians from, flock to Waramuri to meet the Bishop Warows of, had assisted to establish Waramuri Mission Proposal for missionary to Indians of Captains appointed for . . Indians of, as labourers on Arabian coast Rumoured British occupation of . . Project of Venezuelan fort at Visited by Governor Barkly Governor Barkly refers to tradition of Dutch occupation of, and to his personal observation of the traces of this His reference to the lightship moored off No protest made against this lightship . . Governor Barkly's statement that Indians deliberately moved across the Schom burgk line to be within British territory Use of Dutch names and Creole Dutch language by Indians in Census taken in British commissions to Indian captains in Indians of, had been under Captain com missioned by Gov. Carmichael Smyth before Schomburgk survey Governor Barkly on evidences of British jurisdiction in Murder of Indian by Indian at Manari Creek, reported to Superintendent McClintock B.C. Ap. VI, 124-5 B.C., 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 132, 137, 139 ; VII, 14, 25 B.C, 118 B.C Ap. VI, 135 B.C Ap. VI, 137 B.C. Ap. VI, 136 B.C Ap. VI, 138 B.A., 32 B.C, 108 B.C Ap. VI, 138, 145 B.C., 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C. Ap. VI, 171-2 B.C., 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 181 B.C., 71 B.C. Ap. VI, 178, 179, 180 V.C, 209 B.C., 71 B.C. Ap. VI, 180 B.C., 72 B.C. Ap. VI, 183 V.C. Ill, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 B.C Ap. VI, 183 V.A., 690-1 B.C Ap. VII, 235 B.C. Ap. VI., 184 B.C., 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 188, 189 B.C., 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 188, 189 B.C.C. Ap. 300 B.C.C. Ap. 300 B.C. Ap. VII, 235 B.C.C. Ap. 300 B.A., 32 B.C. Ap. VI, 189, 190 Barima River.] 39 Barima River — continued. 1852 1854 18551857 18611866 1870 1871 18761879 1881 1883 1884 188518861887 1888 Warows in, desire missionary Chiefs in, receive British presents. . Appeal to Superintendent as to two Warow girls from the lower river, carried off by Warows of Orinoco Superintendent says the Indians come a the way from Barima to Pomeroon to lay their complaints before him Visit of Commander Pasley to, and report on strategical features of McClintock claims its inclusion in census returns Indians from, repair to Waramuri to meet the Governor and the Bishop McClintock calls attention to duty of instructor of Indians of McClintock on remains of Dutch settle ment on Licences said to have been granted bj Venezuelan Government to trade r.nd cut wood in and east of im Thurn on condition of . . Right of Great Britain to, asserted by Lord Granville Settlers on . . Visited by Venezuelan steamer as far as Anabisi Claimed as within British Territory Notice posted on, by McTurk McTurk said to have taken formal anc forcible possession of Increase of squatters (British subjects) in Magisterial Courts held in . . Settlers of British origin in Venezuelan Gunboat Visited and reported on by im Thurn Venezuelan proposal to place lighthouse on the Point Site chosen for British Police Station British prospection for gold proposed Settlers in, anxious to claim British nationality Farms on B.C, 109, 110 B.C. Ap. VI, 190 B.C, 117 B.C Ap. VI, 190 B.C. Ap. VI, 196 B.C. Ap. VI, 199 B.CC. Ap., 304 B.C.C. Ap., 307 B.C.C Ap., 310 B.C. Ap. VI. 171 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C Ap. VII, 143 V.C. Ill, 150 B.C., 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 V.C. Ill, 317 B.C Ap. VI, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 227 V.A., 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 B.C Ap. VI. 236 B.C Ap. VI, 241 B.C, 75 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 V.C, 217 V.C III, 162, 163 B.C., 75- B.C. Ap. VI, 238 V.C. Ill, 183, 185 B.C Ap. VI, 239 B.CC, 116 B.C Ap. VI, 244 V.C. 183 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.CC, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 (193) 40 Barima River — Barima Point.] Barima River — continued. Barima Point 1889 1890 18911893 18941897 16681770 1788 ?1808 182718S6 1841 Resthouse on Alleged rich gold area discovered in " North-West District " (administrative) established, with centre at Morawhana Venezuelan proposal to establish adminis tration between this and Pomeroon River Gold industry commenced in New police station on upper Clearing of upper reaches of Report on by im Thurn Indian tradition as to Dutch-British, as opposed to Spanish Venezuelan posses sion of Indian evidence of no Spanish officials in . . Access to, under Dutch passes Burr on Dutch relations with Unofficial character of Dutch plantations in Trade in British period with Indians of . . Venezuelan contention that no real control by British existed in On right or east side of river Said to be necessary for the security of Venezuela But useless without the rivers entering above Cape Brema,the Southern Cape of Oronoque (Major Scott) Fort on, recommended by Centurion Described by Marmion as boundary of Lower Orinoco Importance of, Colonel Moody on. . Alleged first suggestion (by D'Urban) that the Point was British Regarded as on western boundary of Colony Sir R. K. Porter said to have asked for Venezuelan lighthouse (beacon) on (see also under Portee) Alleged Venezuelan pilot seivice at, does r^ot exist Pilot service at, alleged to have been ancient and continuous Importance of, Schomburgk on B.C. Ap. VII, 117 B.CC, 117 V.C, 186 B.C.C, 117 B.C Ap. VII, 266 B.C. Ap. VII, 140 B.C Ap. VII, 277 B.C.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 286 B.CC, 119 B.C Ap. VII, 314 B.C.C, 121 V.C, 194 B.C. Ap. VII, 209, 210,212, 225, 230 B.C Ap. VII, 231-2 B.C. Ap. I, 229-30, 238 B.C.C, 65 V.C.C. II, 116 V.C.C, 47 B.CAp. VII, 211, 215-6-7, 223 V.C.C, 110 B.C. Atlas, I V.A.., 726-9 V.A., 729 B.C Ap I, 168 B.C. Ap. IV, 73 B.C. Ap. V, 52 B.C. Ap. VII, 33 V.A. II, 682 B.C. Ap. VI, 39 -. B.C. B.C. Ap. B.C. Ap. VII, 83-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 76 B.C. V.C. Ap. , 19- VII -22 Barima Point— Barkey.] 41 Barima Point — continued. 1848 Venezuelan lightship first stationed off, instead of proposed lighthouse B.C. Ap. VI, 183 1850 Importance of, Governor Barkly on B.C. Ap. VI, 183 Visit of Governor Barkly to B.C. Ap. VI, 192 ; VII, 235 Venezuelan lightship off B.C Ap. VII, 236 V.A., 690-1 Rumoured Venezuelan intention to place Fort at B.C. Ap. VI, 179-80 • 1857 Commander Pasley 's report on strategical features of " Any vessel which could cross the bar (of the Orinoco) could. . . . pass outside the heaviest guns that could be placed on Point Barima " Military importance of, questioned Alleged importance of Alleged British recognition of importance of Said to be distant 5 miles from " the Ship's Channel " B.C.C. Ap., 304 B.C.C. Ap., 304 B.C.C, 12 V.C, 17-24 V.C, 22-4 B.C.C. Ap., 304 ,-' 1881 L. Granville said to have admitttcd Vene zuelan claim to the river V.A., 96 1884 Lightship said by S. Rojas to have been established between Sabaneta and V.C, 217 V.C. Ill, 185 1886 Venezuelan President's intention to place lighthouse on President is unaware whether the Point is on right or left bank of river President tacitly admits that Great Britain claims B.C., 132 B.C. Ill, 117 B.C. Ap.VII, 117 B.C. Ap. VII, 117 1887 Lord Iddesleigh offers consent to erection of lighthouse on, but without prejudice to British rights Offer as to lighthouse on, indignantly rejected by Venezuela Venezuela denies that Barima Point was ever in dispute British police schooner at . . Proposal to place British police station at Rumoured intention of Venezuelans to put lighthouse on Firewood cut by Venezuelans at . . B.C. A p. VII, 119, 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 125-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 126 B.C. Ap. VI, 240 B.C. Ap. VI, 238, 239 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 -5 1890 Claimed by Venezuela B.C. Ap. VII, 135 1891 -8 Police station at Barima Point B.C., 118 Barinagoto Indians Reference to = Pariacots, q.v. B.C. Ap. II, 149 Barkey, D. G. C 1839 -41 ^ Postholder at Ampa on lower Essequibc (died 1841) B.C. Ap. VI, 87, 104 B.C.C Ap., 292-3 42 Barkly— Baudart.] Barkly, Governor Barnuevo, Don Juan Mal donado Barr v. Gratz Barracks Barrigon, Juan Barry..Bartboli, Joseph Bartika Mission. See undei Missions, British. Baskensburg Basnage Bassamia Creek . . Batavian Republic Batista, Jan Baudart, Abraham . 1850 1851 1604 1638 -9 1815 1837 1886 1785 -8 1793 1794 1796 1749 1726 1841 1795 1803 1760 1684 1691 1699 Official visits to Amakuru and Barima On use of Creole Dutch B.C. Ap. VI, 183, 192; VII, 211 B.C.C. Ap., 300 B.C., 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 183-4 B.C.C. Ap., 300-1 Letter to Earl Grey on Venezuelan preten sions To H.B.M. Minister at Caracas, defining, with reference to his visit to Amakuru, British position as regards disputed area Ex-Governor of British Guiana; declara- B.C. Ap., 235 tion of Memorandum to King of Spain on "West B.CC Ap., 1-7 Indies ; the strength of the Dutch along the whole coast of Terra Firma, and the comparative weakness of the Spaniards for resistance His account of the Orinoco .. .. B.C Ap. I, 117 Quoted on exclusiveness required by V.A., 370 adverse holders Built at Capoey, on Essequibo coast . . B.C Ap. VI, 2 Said to be Captain of Spanish Arawaks B.C. Ap. VI, 62 of Moruka, but to live at Tapauuma Savannahs, of Missions aud Upata, as described by Postholder of Moruka Postholder of Moruka Had served the colony for 32 years, and received a sword of silver from the Company Petition of, as to his services in recruiting Indians for service at colony Slave ship stranded at Gulf of Peche, shown by Bouchenroeder (in inset) just east of Waini Cited by Burr as to Treaty of Munster Schomburgk on Replaces States-General Title of, inscribed on Indian badges A half-breed, disguised as an Indian, seized by Flores off Barima Postholder in Pomeroon, instructed occa sionally to visit Barima Butler at Fort Kijkoveral . . At Fort Kijkoveral V.C, 32 V.A., 165 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 B.C.C. Ap., 257 B.C. Ap. V, 148 B.C. Ap. V, 161 V.C II, 105 V A., 338-9 B.C. Atlas 35 V.C. Atlas 49 B.C.C. B.CCA. V.C.C. II, 14 B.C. Ap. VII, 16 V.C, 58 B.C., 90 B.C. Ap. V, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 196 B.C., 31 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C, 87, 101 V.C. II, 45 B.C. Ap. VII, 149 B.C.C. Ap., 48 43 Baudart— Beekman,] Baudart — continued. Baune = Waini Bauza, Felipe de Bawruma= Pomeroon River, q.v. ?1700 17551841 Bayne River Bean, Chas., The Hon. Beaumont, B. de . . Beekman, Abraham, Com mandeur of Essequibo (1678-1690?) 18871834 17521678 1679 1680 1681 On the plantation in Cuyuni Name used by Alvarado . . Map of 1682 1683 1684 1685 (193) 1686 im Thurn refers to, as an error on the charts Motion in Court of Policy re triennial presents to Indians With six companions, murdered by Caribs Letter to the Company Letters to same Letters to, and from West India Company Letters from, to West India Company . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letters from same to same. . Letter of reproof from West India Com pany to Letter from West India Company to Letter from Beekman to the Company . . From Company to Beekman From Beekman to Company Does not assist De Jonge in Pomeroon . . M B.C. B.C. Ap. II, 113 B.C.C, 100 B.C.C. Atlas, 5 V.C.C. Atlas, 17 V.A. II, Ixxii B.C. Ap. VI, 239 B.C Ap. VI, 54 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. I, 181 V.C. II, 37 B.C Ap. I, 181 V.C, 85 V.C II, 37 B.C. Ap. I, 133 V.C. II, 39, 40 V.C. Ap. II, 41 B.C. Ap. I, 184 V.C, 9 1 V.C. II, 41 V.C. II, 42 B.C. Ap. I, 185 V.C Ap. II, 43 V.C, 86 V.C. Ap. II, 43-4 B.C. Ap. I, 185 V.C. II, 44 B.C. Ap. I, 185 V.C. II, 44-5 B.C. Ap. 1, 186 V.C, 87, 101 V.C. II, 45-6 B.C. Ap. I, 187 V,C. II, 47 V.C, 87 V.C. II, 48 V.C, 87 V.C II, 48-51 B.C Ap. I, 188 V.C, 88, 89, 91, 101 V.C. II, 52 V.C. II, 52 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C, 100 V.C. II, 52-3 B.C. Ap. I, 200 V.C. II, 58 44 Beekman — Berrio. 1 Beekman, Samuel Beissenteufel Bellin' Bellisarius Belmonte Beltran. See under Mateo Beltkan. Beltranilla, Licentiate Pedro de Berbice River 1690 1-1707 185017571760 1763 1840 1676 1609 Bercheyek, Laurens Lode- wijk van Berlin Conference.. BernauBerrio, Antonio de . . 1627 1634 16371672 1763 1803 1S31 1834 1758 1762 1763 1839) 1582 1586 1591 Commandeur of Essequibo . . His tomb extant Grant of land to, on condition of his looking after the Post Grants to, on west bank of Moruka from new guard house Map by An Indian of Manari (Barima) fired at by one John Maul Report to the King on new Dutch settle ments To King of Spain ; an utter failure of Domingo de Vera's pretended coloniza tion of Guayana Colony of Permission to Van Pere to found Colony on Dutch settled on Dutch settlements in, recorded in Spanish documents Agreement with Essequibo, as to Demerara and Moruka Rivers Slave rebellion of . . Captured by British. . Union of Essequibo and Demerara with St. Clair on . . (Military Commandant of Essequibo). His letter of protest against Cuyuni raid to Commandant of Orinoco (Commandeur of Demerary). Asked by Zeeland Chamber to make surrey of Essequibo colony to mouth of Orinoco Proposes to map colony " up to Barima ". . Acts of, referred to . . Missionary at Bartica Expedition of, to Orinoco Grant by King of Spain to. . Down Orinoco from river Meta First establishment of, at Moriquits Appointed Governor of Guayana . . B.C. Ap. I, 222; VII, 149, 150 B.C.C. Ap., 123 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 V.C, 118 B.C Ap. VII, 197 V.C. Atlas, 52 V.C.C II, 309-10 B.C. Ap. VI, 97, 101 B.C. Ap. I, 178 B.C.C. Ap., 8, 9 B.A., 10 B.C., 7 B.C., 25 B.C.C Ap., 10 B.C., 25 B.C.C. Ap., 45 B.C., 94 B.C. Ap. II, 22i! Ill, 103 105. B.C., 63 V.C III, 315 V.C, 171 B.C. Ap. II, 173 V.C, 158 V.C. II, 128 B.C. Ap. II, 215 B.C. Ap. II, 224 V.A., 599 B.C. Ap. VI, 78 V.C, 38 V.A., 2 V.A., 208 B.C., 20 B.C. Ap. I, 1-7 B.C., 20 B.C. Ap. I, 3, 5 V.A., 2 227; Berrio— Bishop of Oran.] 45 Berrio — continued. 1593 Report of B.C Ap. I, 1-7 B.A., 10 1594 Letter to King of Spain B.C Ap., I, 7 1595 Colonizing expedition by . . Unable to penetrate from river V.C, 41 B.C., 21 1597 Search for El Dorado Is visited on the mainland by de Vera Death of B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 14-7 V.A., 179 B.C Ap. I, 15 B.C. Ap. I, 17 Berrio, Fernando de (also called de Oruna) Assumed Governorship of Guayana on the death of his father B.C. Ap. I, 17 V.C, 49 B.C.C, 30 1601 First founded, but abandoned, city of Arias V.CC. Ill, 2 1608 De Borja on futility and viciousness of search for El Dorado B.C.C. Ap., 7-8 1612 Illicit trade in tobacco by . . B.C Ap. I, 28 i 1615 Conduct of, investigated Fined and deprived of office Statement by Council to King of Spain as to limited achievements of V.CC. Ill, 5 B.C. Ap. I, 31 V.C.C. Ill, 5 B.C. Ap. I, 43 B.C.C, 30 B.C.C. Ap., 7 Beverlander, Johannes 1626 "To lie" in the river Essequibo .. BC, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 63 Biara Creek. . Tributary of Baramani River (Waini) B.C. Atlas, 1 1779 Explored by Inciarte B.C.C. Ap., 224-6 1839 Visited by Superintendent Crichton B.C. Ap. VI, 70 Bijlegger or " By-lier " i.e., an assistant of the Uijtlegger (outlier) or Postholder B.C. Ap.VII, 149, 151 Bingham, G. H., Lieutenant W.I. Regiment 1841 In command of British troops sent to Pirara B.C Ap. VI, 119, 120 Binituari River=Ventuan, q.v. Biscop, Gabriel A sea rover (interlopers) from Surinam who, with others of his kind, was said to be spoiling the Essequibo trade in Barima B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C, 87, 101 V.C II. 45 1684 Murdered in Barima B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II. 47 V.A. II, 512-13 Bisbal, Fray Narciso de la . . 1758 Letters to Iturriaga on the Dutch, on the rivers Parime and Cuyuni B.C.C. Ap., 198, 200 Bishop of Oran (Nicolas Gervais) 1729 Expulsion of, from Guiana. . V.C.C, 25 Correspondence on arrival of V.C.C. Ill, 33 Visits Commandeur of Essequibo and proceeds to Berbice B.C Ap. II, 10, 11 Murder of, in Aguirre B.C.C Ap., 164, 5, 7 V.CC. Ill, 30 46 Bishop of Oran— Blue Mountains.] Bishop of Oran — continued. Bishop, William Blaake, Pieter de . . Blackburn, George, Huck ster and Grantholder, Barima River Blaeuw, William 1729 18261706-15 1713 1715 Blaeuw, John Blanco, General Guzman, President 1635 (1630 ?) Blanco, Venerable Jose Felix Blanco, Rio = Branco River, q.v. Blauwenberg= "Blue Mountains," q.v. Bliss v. Johnson . . '¦' Blue Mountains " (or Blau- wenberg) 1640 date? 1667 1877 1884 1886 1887 1820 1864 Royal order for punishment of Caribs who murdered Appointed Postholder of Pomeroon Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Postholder of Wakepo ; resists assault by French and Spanish Died Declaration of Map of Guiana " Guiana sive Amazonum Regio ". Map of Guiana Map of Guiana His claim to the river Essequibo (i.e., Fortique line) as boundary Venezuelan Minister in London Proposes reference to Court of Law Returning to Venezuela As President of the Venezuelan Republic, demands evacuation by British eastward to the Pomeroon In charge of Spanish missions, describes them as " wretched skeletons " Declaration on the arrest and murder of the missionaries of Caroni in 1817 V.C.C. Ill, 40 B.CC. Ap., 274 B.C. Ap. VII, 154, 5 B.C. Ap. II, 235 B.C Ap. VII, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 211 1739 1740 -1 1754 V.C. Atlas, 25 V.C.C. II. 273 B.C. Ap. VII, 342-3 B.C. Atlas, 7 V.C. Atlas, 27 V.C.C II, 271 V.C. Atlas, 28 V.C.C. II, 27o V.C. Atlas, 26 V.C.C. II, 273 B.C. Ap. VII, 346-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 96 B.C Ap. VII, 107 B.C., 129 B.C. Ap. VII, 107 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 B.C., 131 B.C. Ap.VII, 124 B.C.. 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 40 B.C, 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 207 Quoted on law of adverse holding A group of low hills, really the last out runners of the Imataka Range, on the left bank of the Lower Cuyuni Separated by wide interval from the nearest point of the range beyond the Massaruni [denial] Secretary Gravesande proposes personally to prospect in Prospected and favourably reported on by Hildebrandt Rumours of silver mines at V.A., 359 B.C. Atlas, I B.C.C, 5 B.C.C. Ap. 405 V.C, 29 B.C Ap. II. 30 V.C. II, 91 B.C. Ap. II, 31, 34 V.C. II, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 93 Boca de Navios — Borselen.] 47 Boca de Navioa Otherwise called the " Ship's Mouth " or "Great Mouth" of the Orinoco River (west of Amakuru) B.C. Atlas, 1 1595 Santiago's description of . . B.C. Ap. I, 9 V.C. II, 257 1750 Description of, (Spanish official document) B.CC. Ap., 190 1 1757 Dutch dominion to . . B.C.C, 90 B.C. Ap. II, 141 1773 Described by Centuriou B.C. Ap. IV, 112 V.C. II, 411 1836 Sir R. K. Porter on pilotage oi . . B.C. Ap. VII, 83 1841 Schomburgk on B.C. Ap. VII, 13 1857 Ships channel is 5 miles from Barima Point B.C.C. A p., 304 1871 Venezuela alleges exclusive claim to B.C. Ap. VII, 76 V.C, 205 Boerasiri Creek On right bank lower Essequibo river B.C. Atlas, 1 Boerasiri Post 1837 -44 This formerly on the creek of this name on the right bank of the lower Essequibo, partially transferred to Fort Island, but finally abolished in, or before 1844 B.C. Ap. VI, 25, 62, 88, 90-91, 96. 104, B.C.C Ap., 292 86- 130 1840 Postholder of, resides at Fort Island B.C Ap. VI, 104 Bolivar, Simon 1817 Supreme Chief of Independent Venezuela B.C. Ap. VI, 8 Bommon 1792 As to victuals, for proposed Post at Curumo V.C. II, 483 Bonalde, Don Santiago 1758 Sent in command of Spanish raid on Cuyuni His declaration . . . , B.C. Ap. II, 150, 151 V.C. II, 386 B.C Ap. II, 158, 160 V.C, II, 311 B onasika Creek, on sea coast , east of Essequibo mouth. Map 1 1701 Examined by Commandeur with a view to cultivation B.C.C Ap., 135-6 1739 Ore from, sent home by Commandeur B.C Ap. II, 30 1803 Sugar plantation in . . B.C. Ap., 259 Bonne 1771 Map by B.C., 139 B.C. Atlas, 26 B.C Ap. VII, 358-9 V.C. Atlas, 51 V.C.C II, 309 Book of Reconnaissances and Indian Miscellany by William Hil house 1823 B.C. Ap. VI, 22 Borja, Juan de, Governor of Santa Fe 1608 Letter to King of Spain, on futility and viciousness of Berrio's supposed search for El Dorado B.C.C Ap., 7-8 Borselen, Island of, about 20 miles up Demerara River First Courts of Policy and Justice esta blished here in 1773, but removed to Stabroek (Georgetown) in 1774 (193) N 48 Bouchenroeder — Boundary.] Bouchenroeder Boundary, Natural. Boundary 1798 Map by 1841 Advantage of Bearing of physical features on . . Water partings as . . Rivers as de Martens on rivers as Considered essential by Schomburgk Schomburgk on feasibility of, as regards: British Guaina B.C., 140 B.C. Atlas, 35 V.C. Atlas, 46, 70 B.C Ap. VII, 366-7 V.C.C. II, 254-8, 297-9 B.C., 145-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 1, 99, 100 B.C, 145 B.C., 145-6 B.C., 146 V.A., 169 B.C., 147 B.C. Ap. VII, 5, 37 B.C. Ap. VII, 7 Advantage of Amakuru as, claimed bjf B.C. Ap. VII, 13, 33 Schomburgk Schomburgk line, how far a . . . . B.C., 147-8 Essequibo alleged to be western boundary V.A., 3 in 1648 Dispute as to, between Spain and Nether- V.A., 5 lands, alleged to have first arisen in 1758 As stated by Abalos in 1779 . . . . V.A., 6 Those between Dutch and Spaniards in V.A.. 10 Guiana claimed to have been always coterminous Disputed between Spain and Holland only V.A., 13 Historical evidence of contiguity of .. V.A., 15 Date at which it should be fixed . . . . V.A., 18 A controversy to which Great Britain V.A., 24 succeeded History of the controversy on . . . . V.A., 25 Alleged claim of Great Britain to line of V.A., 26 1814 Claim of Venezuela to line of 1648 . . V.A., 26 Alleged admissions in British counter case V.A., 32 as to date for line of The Council of Ten instructs Chambers tc V.A., 67 enquire into limits of the Company in 1747 Venezuelan argument on Dutch and Spanish V.A., 68 dispute as to Ignorance of the Dutch as to . . . . V.A., 70 Said to be regulated by adverse holding . . I V.A., 309 Said to be defined by Charter of 1674 . . j V.A., 313 Said to be admitted by the Dutch, in 1702,; V.A., 315 not to extend to the Cuyuni Said to be admitted by the Dutch in 1694, V.A., 3; 9 not to extend to the Barima region Boundary.] 49 Boundary — continued. Boundary, Portuguese- Brazilian, with Dutch- British Guaina. See under Brazilian Frontier. Extension by Gravesande of, said to be apprehended by Spaniards in 1743 Extension by Gravesande of, said to have arisen through progress of the missions As claimed by Gravesande said to be the presumptuous desire of a subordinate Said not to be claimed in 1755 as extending above the falls or west of Pomeroon The Company said to have distinctly refused to make any territorial claim Gravesande's procedure as to, in 1758 Gravesande's ignorance of . The Remonstrance of 1769 said to abandon Gravesande's limits for On the coast first actively pressed by Gravesande Gravesande's ignorance of, on the coast . . Gravesande's suggestions said to be a mass of contradictions as to Criticism on Schomburgk's boundary at Aunama Creek in 1857 Gravesande the alleged inventor of extended boundaries Left bank of Essequibo suggested to be Dutch only to 6 th parallel N. Boundary on Essequibo and tributaries claimed by Venezuelan argument Hillhouse, in 1834, said to have regarded Pomeroon as Governor Light, in 1838, said to have treated Pomeroon as Crichton, in 1839, suggests Barima- Amakuru waterparting Barima treated as beyond, by King, in 1840 Power of expansion of, whether to be regarded Argument that national security must be regarded Security of Venezuela demands broad belt to south of Orinoco Rivers carry their deltas Watershed theory discussed Middle distance inapplicable where line of right exists By natural features ; Schomburgk's appli cation criticised V.A , 317 V.A., 318 V.A., 322 V.A., 325 V.A., 326 V.A., 327-9 319, 330 V.A., 333 V.A., 337 V.A., 339-45 V.A., 347 V.C.C. Ap. II, 199 V.A. II, 536 V.A. II, 403 V.A. II, 403 V.A. II, 679 V.A. II, 678 V.A. II, 679, 680 V.A. II, 693 V.A. II, 723 V.A. II, 722, 726, 729 V.A. II, 733 V.A. II, 733-6 V.A. II, 737-55 V.A. 11,758 V A II, 758-9 50 Boundary — Brazilian Frontier.] Boundary, Spanish- Venezuelan, with Dutch- British. See under Venezuelan Frontier. Boundary between Suri- namand British Guiana. 1843 Boundary Commission, 1754 Spanish Portuguese 1755 1761 Boyle, Sir Cavendish, Government Secretary British Guiana Branco, Rio (see also Pakime River) Brandt v. Ogden .. Brazil. Accepted at the Corentin River, despite tradition of Abary River as former boundary From sources of Essequibo to Corentin and down that river ; sketch of, by Schomburgk B.C. Ap. VII, 4, 48, 61 V.C. II, iOl B.C. Ap. Vll, 55 1787- 1804 Brazilian Frontier 1594 1641 1648 1656 1700 1706 1722 17421746 1749 1753 Arrival of Arrival of, causes famine at S. Thome Reported by Director-General to the Company Withdrawal of Declaration of Explored by Brazilian Boundary Commission Quoted on definite boundaries being re quired by adverse holders, and a con temporaneous claim of right First Dutch trade to Portuguese independence of Spain in reference to Portuguese mentioned in Treaty of Munster Dutch desire for free hand in Brazil em phasized Dutch driven from, by Portuguese Dutch trade with Rupununi (Perrony) Dutch deserters captured in Rupununi Goods paid by Commandeur of Essequibo to strange nations from neighbourhood of Amazones Portuguese have employed Horstman and Rijst, after these had broken faith with the Dutch Company Portuguese were raiding the Indians bevond the Essequibo Dutch jurisdiction claimed by Commandeuri to extend to Lake Parime Treaty with Spain as to limits toward Guiana, with secret instructions to Boundary Commissioners as to ousting the Dutch from Guiana. See also under Secret Intrigue. Caribs _ offer service to Dutch against Wapianas of the Rupununi V.C II, 111 B.C. Ap. Ill, 41 B.C. Ap. II, 103 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 V.A., 371, 384 V.C, 62 B.C, 26 B.C. Ap. I, 134 V.C.C. Ill, 3, 4 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 218 B.CC. Ap., 85, 119 B.C. Ap. I, 229 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.C Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 47, 8 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. 42-3 B.C Ap., 77-84, 86-8 B.C. Ap. II, 89 Brazilian Frontier.] 51 Brazilian Frontier— contd. 1755 1761 1769 1770 1776 1780 -3 1780- 1804 1787- 1804 1788 1797 1810 1813 1834 1838 (193) 1839 Director-General reports intended Spanish- Portugese delimitation in that direction Hostility of Indians on, to Portuguese . . Letter of Solano on Iturriaga's Boundary Commission Solano refers to Spaniards on River Negro Boundaries between Guayana and unknown Dutch trade at Sipo, i.e., Essequibo head. Portuguese drive Spanish from Ireng River Essequibo Indians in touch with Portuguese of Da Costa and Simoens de Carvalho employed as Commissioners on survey of boundary of Boundary Commission of, alleged to have planted post at mouth of Siparuni Boundary Commission acted ex parte while ancient Dutch Colonies were now Dutch, now French, now British Pontes Leme and d'Almaida de Serra, employed as Commissioners on survey of Rio Branco, reached Lake Amuku Reported to be extending settlements No convention between, as to respective boundaries Portugese arrested, but given passes to return by the Essequibo to Bara on the Rio Negro Expedition of Hancock said to have planted British Post at Pirara Waterlon's letter on his visit to " the inland military frontier post" of, at S. Joaquin on Rio Branco Van Sistema had visited S. Joaquin and explored and correctly described area of "Lake Parime" Boundary of British Colony said by St. Clair to be undefined on the south Friendly relations to Youd at Pirara Slave raid on frontier on Wapiana settlement of Tennette Leal ordered to Pirara to define Brazilian and British boundary Visit of Captain Leal to mouth of Siparuni Brazilian jealousy of Pirara Mission Complaint by Brazilians against Youd at Pirara Complaint by Indians of, to British against Brazilians 0 B.C. Ap. II, 103 B.C. Ap. II, 209 B.C. Ap. II, 203-209 B.C. Ap. II, 205 B.C. Ap. IV, 43 B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 B.C. Ap. IV, 164 B.C. Ap. IV, 139 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B C Ap. VII, 4 B.C., 59 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. V, 164 B.C., 64 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C.C. Ap., 268 B.C. Ap. V, 215 B.C. Ap. VI, 86 B.C Ap. VII, 1, 43, 44 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 86 B.C Ap. VI, 86 52 Brazilian Frontier — Brickery.] Brazilian Frontier — contd. Bread Garden Brett, W H., Missionary Briceno, General Daniel Brickery 1839 18401841 1842 1843 184418501884 1699 1701 1841 1891 1734 -40 Missionary Youd had been warned to leave Pirara Reported " alert to extend " its boundary. . British occupation of Pirara Complaint of ill-treatment by Brazilians of Indians of Essequibo head British stated frontier near Pirara extends as far as junction of Cotinga (Zurumu) with Takutu Occupation of Pirara. (For details see under Pirara) Marks placed by Schomburgk on right bank Takutu, at junction of Ireng and near mouth of Virua River Protest by Brazil against Schomburgk's marks on Takutu Marks effaced by order of H.M. Govern ment without prejudice Bernardo de Souza Franco appointed Commissioner to arrange boundary with British Protest against Schomburgk's boundary marks on Takutu Provisional agreement with British for neutrality of Pirara Schomburgk's marks on Takutu effaced by order of H.B.M. Government Schomburgk on Brazilian, Dutch and British front ier toward source of corentin River ; he finds the Indians still using only tools of Dutch manufacture Hostility of Indians at source of Essequibo to Brazilians Schomburgk on baselessness of Brazilian claim to sources of Essequibo Governor Barkly's reference to Brazilian ill- treatment of Indians Joint Commission of Brazil with Venezuela for delimitation of respective frontiers Exclusive British tendencies of Indians alonsr Atorai Captain (British) of Of Kijkoveral was on Plantation Wester- beek Anthony Garlyn in charge of, but replaced by Pieter de la Riviere Letter to Archdeacon Austin on early state of Pomeroon Mission Appointed by Venezuelan Government National Commissary at mouth of Uruan Balance-sheet of the Company's B.C. Ap. VII, 1-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 2-3 B.C Ap. VII, 37 B.C. Ap. VI, 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 117-123 B.C. Ap. VII, 43, 45 B.C. Ap. VII, 46 B.C. Ap. VII, 52-3 B.C Ap. VII, 41 B.C. Ap. VII. 46 B.C. Ap.VII, 47 B.C Ap. VII, 52, 3 B.C. Ap VII, 54 B.C Ap. VII, 54 B.C Ap. VII, 60 B.C Ap. VI, 183 B.C.C. Ap., 312 B.C.C. Ap., 312 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C.C. Ap., 64 B.C.C. Ap., 158 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C. Ap.VI, 251 B.C. Ap. VII, 181 Bridgewater — British Guiana.] 53 Bridgewater, Robert 1860 (about) Trading with Indians of Barima B.C Ap. VII, 215-23 Bridgewater, H. B Grantholder, Barima River, declaration of B.C Ap. VII, 215 British Action 1665 Attack on Pomeroon B.C., 28 B.C Ap. I, 167 V.C, 79 1740 Burn St. Thome B.C. Ap. VII, 14, 28 1742 Attack Spanish Capuchin Missions B.C. Ap. II, 43 1781 Take possession of Essequibo B.C., 57 V.C. II, 237 Survey of coast of colony by, to Boca de Navios B.C., 57 B.C Ap. V, 76 V.C.C, 52 Result of Survey published in the Thompson (La Roche tte) Map B.C. Atlas, 30 1782 The Colony yielded to the French. . B.C., 17 1796 Capture Essequibo and Demerara B.C., 62 V.C, 58 1797 Apportionment of land to Barima by British reported to King of Spain by Governor of Caracas B.C., 62 B.C. Ap. V, 164-6 V.C.C, 52 Repulse of Spanish attack on British Post at Moruka B.C., 62 B.C. Ap. V, 168-9 British alliance with Indians B.C., 17 1801 British Commandant's map, showing extent of Colony from Barima. (See Map, atlas p. 37) B.C, 62 B.C. Ap. V, 172 1802 The Colonies restored (December) to Dutch by Peace af Amiens B.C., 62 1803 Recapture and final occupation of Colony (Sept.) B.C., 62 V.C, 58 British Official sent to Orinoco to re quest delivery of runaways ; Spanish Governor suggests British vessels to cruise off Waini and Moruka to prevent B.C., 63 B.C. Ap. V, 183 ¦ runaways 1814 Cession of Colony to British B.C., 64 B.C. Ap. V, 228 V.C.C, 43-8 1803- 1850 In the interior . . . . V.C, 169 British administration criticised V.C.C. 105 VC, 164 Extent of occupation on coast V.C, 164 British action since cession said to be immaterial V.A., 30 Acts by British said to be excluded from arbitration V.A., 7 British Guiana 1831 Forming a single colony V.C, 163 1840 Local guide of V.C, 168 54 Browershoek— Bulls, Papal.] Browershoek Brown, C Barriogton Bruce, Sir Charles,Lieutenant- Governor of British Guiana 1664 1875 1887 Brue, A. H. Bruign, Guilliaam Batist de Brum = Bruign, Guiliiam Batist de, q.v. Bry, de Buache Bulls, Papal ., 1891 1825 -26 1757 -8 1758 1768 1599 1740 1493 1497 1580 On Essequibo " Free Selection " of land at, by J. Doensen On the interior Map by, after Schomburgk's 3rd MS. Schomburgk's line (of 1839), how shown on To Secretary of State, acknowledges despatch announcing Venezuelan grant for railway to Guacipati Statement by, in Court of Policy, as to boundary To Secretary of State, forwarding McTurk's report on second visit to Uruan, and decision to place British police station at mouth of To Secretary of State, reporting McTurk starting to put British police station at Uruan V.C. Atlas, 59 Maps by Assistant Postholder at Cuyuni Arrested by Spanish raiders on Cuyuni, eight days down stream from start His deposition on Cuyuni raid Appointed interpreter for Indian languages to Court of Justice B.C., 137 B.C. Ap. VII, 372-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 163 B.CAp. II, 161,162, 167-8 B.C Ap. I, 320 B.C. Ap. II, 167-8 B.C.C Ap., 216 His map of Guiana Map by Venezuelan contention as to Alleged recognition of, by Treatv of Munster J Alleged recognition of, by France, in Florida Case Effect of, to be weighed according to contemporary ideas Alleged confirmation of, by Treatv of Madrid (1670) This bull a basis of the Venezuelan claim Mission of Sebastian Cabot not inconsistent with the Pope's Bull Spanish exclusive claim thereunder con trary to the right of nations B.C. A p. I, 162-3 V.C. II, 35 V.C, 189 B.C., 143 V.C, 25 V.C. Atlas, 90 B.C., 144 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 V.C, 184 V.C.III, 163-166 B.C. Ap. VI, 251 B.C Ap. VI, 255 V.C. Atlas, 23 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 B.C. Atlas, 14 B.C., 139 B.C. Ap. VII, 350-1 V.C.C, 116 V.A. II, iii-x, xii-xvi V.A. II, xxxiv V.A. II, xxxiv V.A. II, xiv V.A. II, xi, xxxiv B.A., 3 V.A., 156 B.CC Ap., 317 Bulls, Papal— Burr.] 55 Bulls — continued. Bunbury, Akawoi Indian, Kaituma River Burgh, Jacobus van der Burr, Prof. George 1580 1876 1732 -34 1732 1735 1737 1738 -9 1741 Denial by England of Spanish right to the Indies under S. Calcano's reference to that of Pope Alexander VI (193) Declaration of A Dutch trader on Upper Essequibo and Postholder of Arinda Ordered to seek Indiansf or a journey up river Given fixed salary as trader for Company on Upper Essequibo Postholder " above Essequibo " . . Success of, as Company's trader on Upper Essequibo Postholder above Essequibo Donacq Postholder in place of deceased Jacobus van der Burgh Arguments on site of Cuyuni Post said not to be answered On jurisdiction of West India Company , Discusses meaning of "forts and places" in Treaty of Munster Reports by, on Treaty of Munster Discusses meaning of " acquire and pos sess " in Treaty of Munster Emphasizes Dutch desire for free hand in Brazil Discusses what "places " were in thought of parties to Treaty of Munster Suggests Dutch fear of French as ground for generality of language in Treaty of Munster States that Dutch impugned Spanish title and sought title from Indians Shows that basis of Spanish claim to Indies was impugned by Dutch Says whole of Guiana regarded as open to colonisation On Orinoco as boundary with reference to charters On territorial rights of West India Company On Dutch charters Criticism of sailing regulations by Discusses mention of Orinoco as limit in sailing regulations P B.C.C. Ap., 317 B.C. Ap. VII, 91 B.C Ap. VII, 217 B.CAp. II, 15, 16 B.C. Ap. VII, 178 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.CAp. II, 21, 22; VII, 158 B.C Ap. VII, 158 B.C. Ap. II, 24 B.C. Ap. VII, 159 B.C Ap. II, 35 V.C.C, 57 V.C.C. II, 24-28 V.C.C. II, 1, 2 V.C.C. II, 1-16 V.C.C. II, 3 V.C.C. II, 3, 4 V.C.C. II, 3-12 V.C.C. II, 4 V.C.C. II, 12 V.C.C. II, 12, 50 V.C.C. II, 12, 28, 49, 50, 52, 57, 180 V.C.C. II, 17-28 V.C.C. II, 17, 28 V.C.C. II, 17, 28 V.C.C, 75 V.C.C. II, 20, 21 56 Burr.] Burr, Prof. George— contd. 1896 Regards Hanau Grant as treating whole Wild Coast as open to Dutch Ditto Gerbier Grant (1659) Lays stress on view that whole wild coast was open in view of all European Goveruments Instructions to, from U.S. Commission . . On 'the date of first Dutch voyages to Guiana Shows that Dutch in 1603 did not regard all Guiana as Spanish Shows from Usselinx that whole coast of Guiana was regarded as open under truce of 1609 Criticises statements in Zeeland memorial (1750) On beginnings of Essequibo Colony On tradition as to Fort der Hooge. . On Major John Scott as an authority On the early records of the West India Company V.CC II, 27 V.CC II, 27, 28 V.C.C. II, 28 V.C.C II, 29, 30 V.C.C. II, 39, 44 V.CC. II, 49, 50 V.C.C. II, 52 V.C.C. II, 58-60 V.C.C. II, 58, 69 V.C.C. II, 61, 62 V.C.C. II, 62, 65 V.C.C. II, 65, 69 Denies territorial significance of trade by V.C.C. II, 68, 69 rovers Credits Spanish origin of Kijkoveral On. Colonisation of Pomeroon On change of site of plantatious in - Essequibo On extent and methods of Dutch trade . . On territorial significance of Posts Recognises importance of fishery and hunt ing Admits coast unapproachable from west by sea On Dutch in Moruka in Waini in Barima in Barama . . , , Questions whether Barima within charter of 1674 Finds evidence of Barima being believed to be Dutch Examines tradition of Dutch occupation of Barima Admits close relations of Dutch with Barima Caribs On Dutch in Amakuru Ou confusion of Barima with Amakuru . . V.C.C. II, 70, 71, 213, 214 V.C.C. II, 76-78, 88-91 V.CC. II, 80, 81 V.C.C. II, 81,82 V.C.C. II, 82-85, 88 V.C.C. II, 87 V.C.C II, 97 V.C.C. II, 97, 109 V.C.C. II, 110-15 V.C.C. II, 115 V.C.C. II, 116 V.C.C. II, 121, 122, 181 V.C.C. II, 125 V.C.C. II, 125, 128, 129 V.C.C. II, 138 V.CC. II, 138-41, 143 V.C.C II, 140 57- Burr — Bysenteufel.] Burr, Prof. George — contd. 1896 Burriburrikutu, Warow Indian, Barima River Burro-burro River Burtson, A. de Mexico Bush Negroes, See under Negroes Butz, Captain, an Englishman Byam. . Bysenteufel. See Beissen- TEUFEL. 1813 1614 1581 1669? On Dutch in Aguirre Finds evidence of Aguirre being regarded as neutral V.C.C. II, 141, 142 V.CC. II, 142 On Dutch in Cuyuni On early Dutch trade in Cuyuni Speculations of, as to site of post in Cuyuni On Courthial's road Suggests presence of Spaniards to south of Cuyuni Alleges Spanish control of Cuyuni On Dutch in Massaruni On Dutch claims in Guiana. . On Spanish occupation and claim in Guiana On bearing of Remonstrances on boundary Suggests Meejou to be Curumu On alleged Missions at Wenamu, Queribura, and Mawakken On Storm's references to Missions On the maps, prefixed to U.S., Comm. Atlas On early sites of S. Thome On early presence of Spaniards in Essequibo On alleged French fort in Barima . . On sites of missions, as shown in his maps On projected Swedish settlement in Barima His table of missions On maps, from official sourees Declaration of On L.B. Upper Essequibo Traversed by Charles Waterton Lieutenant of Guiana . . . . . V.CC. II, 143, 173 V.C.C. II, 146, 153 Proposal to make a voyage to the Indies Governor of English colony of Surinam, mentions great prosperity of New Middelburg Journal of . 0 . . . . . . V.C.C. II, 150-2, 169, 171, 224 V.C.C. II, 152, 154, 155 V.C.C. II, 165 V.CC. II, 167-8 V.C.C. II, 173, 176 V.C.C. II, 176-91 V.CC. II, 191-211 V.C.C. II, 196 V.C.C. II, 197-9 V.C.C. II, 201-6, 220 V.C.C. II, 207 V.C.C II, 211-31 V.C.C. II, 212 V.C.C. II, 213, 214 V.C.C. II, 217 V.C.C. II, 218-226 V.C.C. II, 223 V.CC. II, 228, 229 V.C.C II, 231-265 B.C. Ap. VII, 209 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C.C. Ap., 268 V.C. II, 1 B.C., 28, B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 167 V.C, 80 V.C III, 362 3£- Cabacaburi — Cam*, bell.l C. Cabacaburi. See under Mis sions, British. Cabaralli. A noted Captain of the Arawaks of Moruka. See under Indian Captains. Cabeliau 1597 -98 CaberieCabot, Sebastian Caco River . . Cadiu. . Cadiva (alleged site of Spanish Fort on Cuyuni, near mouth of Curumu River)=Catija, q.v. Caicara Calca.no, Senor. See under Diplomacy. Callietro, Bautisia, Arawak Indian, Moruka River Calikko= Crystal Mountain, q.v. Camarasua Camaria, Rapid of . . Cameron, D. G, Clerk in Government Secretariat, British Guiana Campbell, Angus . . Campbell, Donald . . Campbell, Daniel . . 15991826 1497 1839 1841 1847 1755 1788 1841 1839 -41 1860 (about) Voyage along coast of Guiana and up Orinoco On the road which the Spaniards were said to be making in Guiana Ou Carib independence of Spain On Massaruni (Puruni) River, visited by Postholder Mission of, not inconsistent with Papal Bull Tributary of R.B. Massaruni, near head . . As on the boundary line (Schk.) An Akawoi settlement on Barama, Schom burgk on position of Described by Level . . Declaration of A supposed gold mine near Cupapui M ear mouth of Cuyuni Passed by Puente Difficulty of, described by Schomburgk . . Declaration of Declaration of The highest settler on the Pomeroon, living at (Jarawab, and emph ying Indians Tradiug with Indians of Barima B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 18 V.A., 2 V.C, 41. 49, 64 V.C. II, 6 B.C.C, 30, 32 V.C.C. II, 43-44 V.C, 41 B.C.C, 30, 32 V.A., 180 B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 20 B.C. Ap. VI, 36-7 V.A. II, ix B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C Ap. VII, 26 B.C. Ap. VI, 152 B.C. Ap. VII, 213 B.C. Ap. II, 106 B.C. Atlas, 1 V.C, 152 V.A., 156 B.C. Ap. VII, 241 B.CAp. VII, 216 B.C. Ap. VI, 85 B.C. Ap. VII, 215-6, 223 59 Campbell— Caria Island.] Campbell, James Campbell, James, of Cara- wab, Pomeroon Campbell, W. H CanacunamaCanjeballi Creek 1839 Cantenaar, Franz (.see under Postholder) Canyn, Jacob Capachi Capi (Essequibo?) Caphiwuin, R. Capuchins, Ca.talonian (see under Missions, Spanish). Capoey Creek Carapo Creek and Island (or Kuriapo), on right bank Orinoco river, withinmouth . Map 1. Caratal Carbonell, Don Pedro, Captain-General of Caracas Carbonel (? Gubernador) Caria Island (193) 1857 1801 1841 18441897 1699 1700 -1 1626 1788 1758 1843 1755 1814 1758 1850 1850 1857 17971884 1838 Permitted conditionally to reside on Crown land at mouth of Moruka Creek Charge of not paying Indian labourer from Waini dealt with by Superintendent Extract from journal of his jonrney by Cuyuni to the Yuruari On Kendal residing in Warapoka (Waini) Complaint of, as to Spaniards at Sacupana On R. B. Waini River, off junction of Barama Residence of Warow Captain Sam Peter.. Visited and described by Postholder McClintock im Thurn on traces of Dutch occupation at Postholder at Wakepo Manager of Company's plantation, N. Middelburgh Permitted by Zeeland Chamber to retire from Essequibo A point on the Cuyuni visited by Puente De la Garriga's reference to Dutch traders resident at, as also at Tucupo and Para- man (?=Trombetas) Visited by Schomburgk To sea on Arabian Coast of Essequibo Timber-cutting refused in . . Tender for military barracks at, accepted De la Garriga refers to Dutch residents in for trade Nearest Venszuelan station to the Amakurt B.C. Ap. VI, 183; Yll, 13, River Discovery of gold at The diggings at Visited by Shanks . . Letter to the Prince de la Paz reporting B.C, 117 British apportionment to Barima, and as to Spanish reconnaissance to Poiut Barima Said to have visited Amakuru to hand overj B.C. Ap. VI, 227 his territory to the Manoa Company Visited by Hilhouse. . Q B.C. Ap. VI, 68, 81 B.C. Ap. VI, 82 B.C.C. Ap., 303-4 V.CC. Ill, 189 B.C. Ap. VII, 238 V.C.C III, 160 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 11 B.C Ap. VI, 135 B.C. Ap. VII, 237 B.C.C. Ap., 478 B.CAp. VII, 150-1 B.C.C Ap. 81, 157-8 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 62 V.C, 152 n B.C., 48, 82, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 147 V.C. II, 306 V.CC, 43 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 54-5 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C., 84 B.CAp. VII, 195 B.C. Ap. V, 227 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. II, 148 16,31 V.C, 180 V.CC. Ill, 193 V.C.C. Ill, 199 B.C. Ap. V, 164 V.C, 170 60 Caria-Caria — Carib Indians.] Caria-Caria (see Karia-Karia, under Missions, British) Cariacu (on Barima) 1841 Carib an a Carib Indians 1587-1650 15931597 15991614 1629 1634 1637 16381662 16731679 1683 1684 Schomburgk on The part of Orinoco (Moriquito) first visited by Berrio Early cartographical expression for terri tory not yet conquered (Mallet-Prevost) The most powerful tribe, controlling Lower Orinoco Position since European advent Close alliance of Dutch with Destruction of missions treated as showing Spanish power felt by Caribs Attacks of Caribs on missions said to be proof of Spanish strength Caribs of Cuyuni alleged to have been driven out by Spain Of Barima; Berrio reports them devas tating Lower Orinoco Daily resistance to Spaniards (Cabeliau) . . Independence of Spain Allied with the English . . < B.C Ap. VII, 25 B.C., 21 V.C.C II, 270-273, 280 B.C., 10 B.C., 10 B.A., 47 V.CC, 33 V.C.C, 60 V.CC, 61 B.C. Ap. I, 2 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C. II, 9 B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 20 B.C. Ap. I, 35 V.C. II, 260 Strong alliance with ths Dutch Alliance of English and Dutch with Of Lower Orinoco; dread of, almost prevents Bishop in charge of Guayana from visiting Settlement of Dutch among Assist Dutch in attacks on S. Thome and Trinidad As allies of Dutch . . Trade with Dutch Of Caura; revolt from Spaniards Of Barima : at war with Arawaks. . From Corentyn, expected hostile attack on Dutch At war with Akawois Of Copename, assist French Attack on Spanish Missionaries by . . V.C.C. Ill, 19 B.C. Ap. I, 37 B.C. Ap. I, 70, 71 B.C.C Ap., 10, 11 B.C. Ap. I, 108 B.C. Ap. I, 88. 94 B.C., 26 B.C. Ap. I, 120, 121 B.C. Ap. I, 120 B.C. Ap. I, 155 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C. II, 36 B.C. Ap. I, 181 V.C II, 38 B.C., 30 B.C.A., 1, 185 V.C. II, 44 B.C. Ap. I, 187 V.C II, 47 61 Carib Indians.] Carib Indians — continued. 1685 1686 1689 1693 1701 1711 1719 1720 17241730 1732 1733 1734 17351737 17351739 1743 Of Copename, fly from Spaniards in Orinoco to Amakuru Dissuaded from war with Akawois of Demerara Spanish proposal to remove the Caribs from Guayana Allied with the French Attack on Spanish Missionaries by Of Waini, at peace with Commandeur Mentioned by Guyman as with the Dutch On Guarapiche, Spanish expedition against With Dutch in higher tributaries of Orinoco Under Dutch protection ; are attacked by Maganouts from upper Essequibo Hostility of, to Spanish missions Murder of French bishop by Bishop of Porto Rico reports that these alone "resist the Holy Gospel" Warned by Dutch not to assist the Sivedes Trade of, in red slaves with Dutch Incite the Arawaks, Warows, Salinas and other Indians against the Spaniards on the Orinoco " The offensive and defensive alliance which they have with certain Dutch men " Reference to assistance of, to Swedish attempt on Barima Extension of, up Orinoco even to the Meta Hostility of, to Spanish missions Rotella declares them to have almost overwhelmed the Orinoco Of Barima and from the sea ; Gumilla on assaults by, on missions of Orinoco Allies of Dutch against Swedes Hostility of, to Spanish missions Sucre proposes to try to fortify Angustura against inroads of Hostility of, to missions reported by Sucre Raids on the missions by . . Established above Angustura, on the Caura and other rivers Of Orinoco, trade with the Dutch in slaves, horses, &c. From Puruey and Caura Rivers, traffic over land with Dutph B.C., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 53 B.C Ap. I, 202 B.CAp. I, 197 V.C. II, 62 V.C.C. Ill, 19 B.C Ap. I, 225 V.C.C. Ill, 16 B.C Ap. Ill, 6 B.C. Ap. Ill, 6 B.C. Ap. II, 2 B.C., 14 V.C.C. Ill, 30 B.C.C. Ap., 161 V.C.C. Ill, 39 B.C.C. Ap., 164, 177 B.CC. Ap., 164, 6 B.C.C. Ap., 177 B.C.C. Ap., 177 B.C.C. Ap., 173 B.C.C. Ap., 167 B.C.C. Ap., 170 B.C.C. Ap., 162-3 B.C., 34 B.C.C. Ap. Ill, 81 V.C. II, 283 B.C. Ap. II, 23 B.C. Ap. II, 22 B.C. Ap. II, 22-25 V.C. II, 295 B.C.C. Ap., 186 B.C.C. Ap., 186 V.C. Ill, 372 Carib Indians.] 62 Carib Indians — continued. ?1739 1745 1746 17471746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 San Felipe on dangei of, to Province of Guayana Hostility of, to Spanish missions Indian allies of Dutch in Waini attacked by Indians from Orinoco Hostility of, to Spanish missions On Cuyuni prohibited by Dutch from attack ing Spanish missions Position and character of, according to Iturriaga Hostility to Spanish missions, according to Iturriaga Commandeur reports them at war with Warows Restraint of, by Dutch Hostility to Spaniards counted on by Com mandeur Kill or restore runaway slaves to Dutch . . Trade by, in red slaves with Dutch Of Barima, "with whom the Dutch trade " (Spanish official report) An infinite number attached to the Moruka Post (Spanish official report) Of Massaruni, complain to Court of Justice against Colonist Marchal Of Tupuquen, revolted and fled to Dutch in Cuyuni Said to be sworn enemies of the Spaniards B.C.C Ap., 181 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C., 37 B.C. Ap. II. 54 B.C. A p. II, 45 V.C. II, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 53 B.C. Ap. II, 54 B.C. Ap. II, 58 V.C, 132 V.C II, 101 B.C.C, 85 B.C Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, i>8 Asserted instigation of, by Dutch to resist Spaniards Attack on three Spanish missions . . " Are in possession of the great river Orinoco " Those " below Orinoco " attacked by Spaniards Of Barima, appeal to Court of Justice re ill-treatment by Dutch settler Gravesande objects to trade in arms with. . Attack Spanish missions Hostility to Spanish missions Iturriaga instructed to attempt to con ciliate Offer services to Dutch against Wapiana Indians (of Rupununi) Of Barima, retire to Waini, iu view of pos sible Spanish attack B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C.C. Ap., 196 B.CC. Ap., 194 B.C.C. Ap., 194 B.CAp. II, 61 B.C., 41 B.C. Ap. II, 145 B.C Ap. II, 67 V.C. II, 106 B.C. Ap. II, 149 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C.C. Ap., 197 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 72-3 VC. II, 109 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C Ap. II, 100 V.C. Ill, 113,116 Carib Indians.] 63 Carib Indians — continued. 1754 1755 (193) 1756 1758 Of Barima, relied on by Director-General as defence against Spanish Warned by Dutch to defend colony With Panacays, attack and destroy a Spanish mission beyond Cuyuni Of Cuyuni, to be led by whites and Creoles against Guayana Alvarado's report to Iturriaga on . . As allies of Dutch, Alvarado on . . Hostility to Spanish Missions Attempt at conciliation of, by Spaniards. . Alvarado reports, spread east and west oi Orinoco, and " in the woods of the southern slope which form the defence of Essequibo " Some settled on Paragua Caroni, and above Caroni Their trade with the Dutch Of Aguirre, Amakuru, Barima, Garambo (Morawhana), their trade with Dutch of Essequibo, through Orinoco, Caroni, and Cuyuni Of lower Orinoco, their two roads to Mission area by the Caroni River From Barima, to attend Court of Justice to explain the killing of Akawois in Massaruni Director-General hesitates to call out, against Akawois, but is sure they would respond Feud with Akawois. . Of Cuyuni, request Dutch for powder for use against Spaniards refused Of Cuyuni, determine to attack Spanish Missions Of forest, murder Akawois of Spanish Mission, village of Avechica Hostility of, to Spanish Missions restrained by Dutch Solano ascribes attacks of, on Spanish Missions, to influence of Dutch of Essequibo Relations with Dutch Living in alliance with Dutchmen at mouth of Curumu (Cuyuni) In Aguirre and Carapo, and in great numbers in Barama Their trade in slaves with the Dutch E B.C., 44 B.C. Ap. II B.C. Ap. II, 96 V.C. II, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 96 V.C. II, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 96, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 105, 112 B.C., 45 B.CAp. II, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 109 B.CAp. II, 110-112 B.C. Ap. II, 109 B.C. Ap. II, 109-111 B.C. Ap. II, 109, 111 B.C. Ap. II, 109-10 B.C. Ap. II, 108, 109 B.C. Ap. II, 123, 124 B.C. Ap. II, 120, 121 B.C Ap. II, 120 V.C, 133 B.C. Ap. II, 130, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 130 B.C. Ap. II, 145 B.C. Ap. II, 165, 173, 178 B.CAp. II, 140 B.C., 49 B.C. Ap. II, 170 B.C. Ap. II, 145-6 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C Ap. II, 148-9 Carib Indians.] 64 Carib Indians — continued. 1758 Bring word to Dutch of Spanish raid or B.C Ap. II, 143 1760 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 Cuyuni post Iturriaga dwells on hostility of, to Spaniards, and alliance of, with Dutch Hostility of, on Lower Orinoco, against Spaniards Of Barima, acknowledged by Spaniards to be in alliance with Dutch Measures against, taken by Iturriaga Employed by Dutch to guard sea coast against escape of Caribs Of Cuyuni ; Court of Justice fines Dutch man for ill-treatment of Of the rivers Paragua, Aroi and Caura Their tradition as to old Dutch Post in Barima Ask often for re-establishment of Dutch Post in Barima Of Caura River, trade with Dutch in slaves Hostility to Spanish missions referred to by Solano Proffer assistance to Dutch against attack by Spanish Temporary withdrawal to Essequibo V.C, 122 n. V.C. II, 125 B.C. Ap. II, 183-4 B.C Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 187 B.C Ap , IL, 183-4 B.C. Ap. 11,186-197 V.C. II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 182-3 B.C. Ap. II, 183-4 B.C. Ap. II, 201 V.C. II, 145 B.C. Ap II, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 208 B.C Ap. II, 204 1763 -4 17641765 1766 1767 Ascend to River Caura for slaves Diguja dwells on the danger to the Spanish Missions of the Caribs from Cuyuni Near Moruka Post Dutch pass to Chief of, for Berbice Employed by Dutch as salters, traders, and to prevent runaways Oppose arrival of Manoa Indians in Dutch Colony From Upper Essequibo and from Barima employed by Dutch against the revolted negroes of Berbice Intercepting negroes from Upper Demerara At war with Akawois on Massaruni Importance of their loyalty to Dutch Hatred of Spaniards by Flock to Essequibo with permission of Director-General B.C. Ap. II, 218 V.C. II, 152 R.C.G, 104 V.C. II, 149, 151 B.C. A p. Ill, 62 B.C.C, 104 B.C. Ap. Ill, 64 B.C Ap. II, 226 V.C. II, 154 B.C. Ap. Ill, 104 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C. Ap. II, 222-3 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. II, 223-7; III, 103-5 B.C.C, 91 V.C, 133 B.C. Ap. Ill, 104 B.C. Ap. Ill, 119 V.C II, 160 B.C. Ap. Ill, 118 V.C. II, 160, 163 B.C. Ap. Ill, 131 B.C.C, 86 B.C. Ap. Ill, 157 V.C, 151 Carib Indians.] 65 Carib Indians — continued. 1767 Serve against rebel negroes B.C. Ap. Ill, 158, 159 ' Forbidden to attack Akawois in Cuyuni . . B.C., 114 V.C II, 172 Of Essequibo ; report concerning Arinda B.C. Ap. Ill, 148 Relied on to protect Arinda B.C. Ap. IU, 148 1768 At war with Akawois B.C., 97, 98 B.C. Ap. Ill, 142 V.C. II, 177 Complain to Dutch of molestation in Barima B.C. Ap. Ill, 182 V.C II, 178 Warned Dutch in Barima B.C. Ap. Ill, 170,171,172, 173 Serve against rebel negroes of Demerara B.C., 94 B.C Ap. Ill, 162, 165, 166 V.C, 133 W. I. Co. order punishment of, accomplices of Tampoko B.C Ap. Ill, 184 Demand Dutch Postholder at Cuyuni B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 162 1769 "Allies of the Dutch and under their jurisdiction." (Remonstrance) B.C Ap. IV, 29 Influence of Dutch over, according to Garriga B.C. Ap. IV, 22 Power of, relied on by Dutch B.C. Ap. IV, 3 V.C. 11, 181 Promise to attack supposed murderers of Arinda Postholder B.C. Ap. IV, 1 1 Company said to have suggested use of, for retaliation on Spaniards B.C. Ap. IV, 29 V.C, 131 V.C. II, 197 Of Essequibo, ask leave to attack intruder B.C. Ap. IV, 7 Ask for guns to attack Spaniards B.C Ap. IV, 13 V.C. 134 V.C. II, 218 Oblain permission to live in Mahaicony . . B.C. Ap. IV, 41 Migration of, to Mahaicony B.CAp. IV, 41 ' V.C. II, 213 Said to be leaving Barima for Essequibo . . V.C. II, 189 ¦ 1770 Levied by, and serve under Arinda Post- holder B.C. Ap. IV, 79, 82 1771 Kill Dutch slave deserters in Cuyuni B.C. Ap. IV, 96 1772 Stationed at Moruka B.C., 93 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 Assist Dutch against rebel negroes B.C., 95 B.C. Ap. IV, 104-6 1773 Rewarded for service B.C. Ap. IV, 108 1776 Regarded by Dutch custom as not liable to slavery B.C. Ap. IV, 141-3 1779 Commissions to chiefs of . . B.C., 90 B C A p. IV, 207 66 Carib Indians — Carmichael-gmyth.] Carib Indians — continued. Carimang River . . Carmichael-Smyth, Sir James, Governor of British Guiana 1784 1790 1794 1810 1820 1823 1826 1831 1839 1840 1841 18421843 1844 1847 1848 1849 18501853 1854 18561843 1833 Greater friendship sought with Alliance with Dutch Spanish fear of . . . . . . . . v. Quarrel between Caribs of Tupuquen and Moruka Chief of, from Upper Essequibo or Rupununi, visits Georgetown and makes definite agreement with Government Chief Manorowa, from Upper Essequibo, complains of insufficiency of pay and gets extra State of, according to Hilhouse Intertribal strife with Akawois and Parta- moras; treaty of peace negotiated by Protector of Indians As allies of the English in Guiana In Barima-Pomeroon district Alleged reduction to 300 (!) Schomburgk on number of . . Employment of, in Pomeroon, in cultivation of amiatto Of Pomeroon, follow Arawaks in yielding to Mission influence As labourers in Pomeroon Migration to Rupununi, from Surinam, by Corentin River Of Upper Pomeroon, disputes of, settled by Postholder Aid in establishing Waramuri Mission . . Of Orinoco, Level on Of Pomeroon, rumoured intention of Akawois to attack " Warriors," according to McClintock . . Of Pomeroon, cultivation of plantains for market on Arabian coast Desire a Mission on Upper Pomeroon, 35 miles above Cabacaburi Adherence to Pomeroon Mission Of Moruka, threatened attack on, by Akawois of Barama. Matter arranged by Superintendent Held in reserve during negro rising Schomburgk on, as part of boundary Request for survey by Admiralty of Esse quibo River B.C. Ap. V, 25 B.C., 16 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 156 B.C., 63, 104 B.C. Ap. V, 194-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 17- J 9 B.C. Ap. VI, 26 B.C. Ap. VI, 38, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C Ap. VI, 76 V.C, 173 V.C, 173 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 B.C. Ap. VII, 39 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap. VI, 132, 137 B.C. Ap. VI, 162 B.C. Ap. VI, 147 B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 185 B.C.C. Ap., 301-2 " B.C. Ap. VI, 195 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VI, 51 Carmichael-Smyth — Carvalho.] 67 Carmichael-Smyth — contd. Caroline Islands . . Caroni River Carrabaroe Island. Carreno, Don J. de . Cartabo Point 1834 1593 15971724 1758 1763 1769 1865 1840 1720 1716' 171817401743 1746 1840 Cartel of Aranjuez. Aranjuez. See Caruachi Carucima=Curucima, q.v. .. Caruwayu (or Caruawa) = Koviabo Creek (Barima), q. v. Carvalho, Dom Sebastian Joseph de, Portuguese Sec retary of State (193) 1817 1753 Letter to Secretary of State on Indian affairs in Moruka Approves of grant of land lo Postholder and others for use of Indians of Moruka Right of discovery as applied to . . Branch of Orinoco River, R.B. Visited by Berrio Spaniards defend, against English under Laurence Keymis , Mission of La Purissima Concepcion, founded at Alleged British mistake as to Spanish Missions at Caribs of, trade in slaves with the Dutch. . Head of, De la Garriga refers to Dutch men visiting and maintaining their position there B.C Ap. VI, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 54-7 V.A. 232 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. I, 3 V.C, 46 B C Ap. Ill, 21 V.C, 104 V.C. II, 344, 369 V.C.C, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 109-110 B.C. Ap. II, 146-7 Difficulties in crossing Sources of, unknown to Spaniards. . Upper part of, beyond reach of Missions . . Arekuna Indians from, come in to Wara muri mission In estuary of Essequibo Several places on . . Governor of Cumana Separating mouths of Cuyuni and Mas saruni Dutch settlement on, commenced Dutch Governor's residence moved to Alleged abandonment of . . Removal of Dutch seat of government from, to Flag (Fort) Island Land grant at . . . . . . ' Property of heirs of Thierens A Carib settlement at Mission on right bank of Caroni Site of the murder of the Capuchin Missionaries Letters to Spanish Ambassador as to ousting the Dutch from Guiana B.C. Ap. Ill, 43 B.C. Ap. Ill, 62 B.C. Ap. IV, 44 B.C.C. Ap., 309 B.C.Atlas, 34 B.CAp. VI, 95 B.C Ap. Ill, 5 B.C. Atlas, 1 V.C, 98 B.C., 33 V.C, 108 B.C., 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 193 V.C II, 96 B.C. Ap. VI, 95 B.C.C Ap., 289 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 207 B.C. Ap. II, 82, 83 s C8 Carvalho — Caura River.] Carvalho, Joze Simoens de. . Casal, Marquis del, Governor of the Province of Vene zuela Casanare Casiquiari Castillo, Father Joseph del. . Castle of S. Francisco. See under Orinoco. Castreean Castro, Don Nicolas de Catawawron, in Wakepo . . Cathray, Thomas 1780 -83 1693 1638 1750 1735 1840 :.757-S Provisional governor of Cumana Catiya (or Cadiva, q.v.), on Curumu River, tributary of Cuyuni River Cauderas (Dutch Settler) . Caulin, Fr. A. Caura River 1758 1841 1814 1820 1735 1778 1779 1876 1747 17581733 il761 Employed on Brazilian Boundary Com mission Reports to Council of the Indies that " these foreigners (i.e. Dutch) are masters of all the coast." Tributary of River Meta B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C.C. Ap, 46 B.C. Atlas, 27 The port from which troops sent from B.C.C Ap., 12 New Kingdom of Guayana to relief of S. Thome started Channel connecting upper Orinoco and River Negro When known to Spaniards. . courses ofj B.C.C. Ap., 199 B.C. Atlas, 27 B.C Ap. Ill, 61 Escapes from massacre of other Fathers by Caribs The name twice used for Caria-Caria (q.v.) on left bauk of lower Essequibo river His reply to Director-General's letter of remonstrance on Cuyuni raid Visited by Superintendent King . . Collected Indians of Essequibo, by order of the Governor Resigns "Protectorship of Indians" for Essequibo Schomburgk's reference to supposed Spanish Post of Punished by Court of Policy for actions in Barima Historia de la Nova Andalucia, with Surville's map, Burr on Extract from, on Barima On Spanish Settlements of Guayana S. Calcano's reference to . . Branch on right bank of Orinoco river The site of Jesuit missions De la Garriga refers to Dutchmen visiting and maintaining their position there Rotela declares Dutch habitually come overland to Caribs of, their treasons to Spaniards Dutch trade in, for slaves B.C. Ap. II, 22 B.C.C. Ap., 288, 292 B.C. Ap. Ill, 8 B.C. Ap. II, 169, 170, 173, 179 B.C Ap. VI, 107 B.C.C Ap., 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 18 B.C. Ap. VII, 28, 60 B.C.Atlas, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 20, 21 V.C.C. II, 262 B.C., 81 V.C, 155 n. B.C. Ap. VII, 92 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 54 B.C. Ap. II, 146-7 B.C.C. Ap., 173 B.C.C. Ap., 168 B.C Ap. II, 208 69 Cayamarica— Centurion.] Cayamarica, Akawoi Indian, Barima River Cayenne Celonio. See Sans Celonio. Census • 1761 H 1515 1631 1829 1831 ,1841 1851 18601891 Centurion, Don Manuel, Commandant of Guayana Declaration of B.C Ap. VII, 225 1766 1769 1770 1771 Alleged abortive Dutch settlement on Abandoned by Dutch Of Demerara and Essequibo . . Of Essequibo Of Essequibo In Essequibo, Massaruni, Cuyuni, and Pomeroon Rivers taken Taken by Superintendent McClintock throughout Barima, Waini, Barama and Pomeroon Rivers Of Pomeroon district Of Essequibo (races and ages) Compared with former returns By estates, villages, and rivers Includes Pomeroon and north-west Succeeds Moreno de Mendoza Informed of Dutch Minister's complaint . . Inquiry as to Dutch complaint His report on Dutch remonstrance Mistaken idea of course of Essequibo On the importance of establishing ; fort on Barima Point Map by Map by, showing inaccessibility of Arinda Further map by, alleged to be possessed by Venezuela Dutch trade on Apanoni (Rupununi), Sipo (Essequibo above Rupununi), and Massaruni Praised by Fray de Barcelona Report of, on the true field for Spanish enterprise Report of, on fortifications of Orinoco and on pretensions of Missionaries Report of, on Capuchin Missions V.C, 51 V.C, 70 V.C III, 65-67, 319 V.C, 192 V.C. Ill, 319 V.C. Ill, 320 B.C. Ap. VI, 119, 124 B.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 188 V.C. Ill, 146 B.C.C. Ap., 307 V.C. Ill, 168, 169 V.C, 193 V.C. Ill, 319-322 V.C. Ill, 170-9 V.C. III,. 147-9 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C. Ap. V, 32 V.C. II, 370 B.C. Ap. IV, 46 V.C. II, 371 B.C. Ap. IV, 70, 74 V.C II, 394 B.C. Ap. IV, 70, 71 B.C Ap. IV, 74 B.C Ap. IV, 71 B.C. Atlas, 24 V.C. Atlas, 4 B.C. Ap. VII, 358-9 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 V.A. II, lvi V.A. II, xxiii B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 V.C.C III, 85 B.C. Ap. IV, 82-86 V.C II, 402 B.C. Ap. IV, 87-90 [ B.C. Ap. IV, 90-93 C enturion — Charters.] 70 Centurion — continued. 1771 1772 1773 Cephas, Peter, Carib Indian, Essequibo River Cephas, Thomas Cerekon Indians Cervera, Fray de Chau, Joseph la Charboue, L. Charters by States General to Dutch West India Com pany 1774 1776 1777 186317691787 1763 1885 Complaints of Capuchins against . . Laments want of means to annex Parime (Rio Branco) ; and reports account of El Dorado given to him by Centurion On Capuchin claims for exclusive jurisdic tion His instructions to Martineg anent search for Parime Further reports required from, required by Council of the Indies On attack upon Spanish expedition beyond the Caroni by Indians claiming to be friends and allies of the Dutch Further reports by . . States sea coast occupied by French and Dutch Describes fortifications of Old Guayana Memorial against Letters from Report of the Contaduria upholding Capuchins against Disapproval of, by the Council Jurisdiction of missionaries supported by Council of Indies against Reports of, noted and reported on by Council Letter from, to Galvez, on Portuguese in Parime Present of rare animals and fowls to Declaration of Captain of Caribs of Essequibo River Reported attack by, on Postholder in Rupununi Report on Entradas by Director-General proposes to send Essequibo, to explore above Arinda B.C. Ap. IV, 94, 95 V.C. II, 404 V.CC. Ill, 88 B.C. Ap. IV, 96, 97 B.C. Ap. IV, 96-7 B.C. Ap. IV, 90-93 B.C. Ap. IV, 97-100 B.C. Ap. IV, 102, 103 B.C. Ap, IV, 102-3 B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 106-7 up Informs McTurk of official notification to him by Governor with regard to Federal Territory of Delta 1647 Renewed for 25 years [Extracts] [Extract] B.C. Ap. IV, 109-120 V.C. II, 410-13 V.A. II, xxiv-xxvi B.C., 57 B.C. Ap. IV, 111 B.C., 57 B.CAp. IV, 112-13 V CO. Ill, 90 B.C. Ap. IV, 129-131 B.C. Ap. IV, 145-7 V.C. II, 413 V.C. II, 412 B.C. Ap. IV, 148-60 B.C. Ap. IV, 143-60 B.C Ap.1V, 163-5 B.C. Ap. IV, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 226 B.C. Ap. VII, 226-7 B.C Ap. IV, 7 V.C.C. Ill, 107 B.C. Ap. II, 222 B.C. Ap. VI, 235 B.C, 12, 24 B.C Ap. I, 44 V.C, 53-5 V.C. Ill, 1-3 B.C., 26 B.C. Ap. I. 132 V.C, 56 V.C III, 4 71 Charters — Christiaansen.J Charters — continued 1664 1674 Charters, early Spanish, Colonization for ChaymasChilian, Gaspar " Chinese Slaves " Chollet Cbristiaansen, Bastian 17001730 17601762 Renewal of, for New Netherland Renewal of, to new W. I. Company [Extract] Includes in terms" Isekepe andBawmerona" Said to limit -possessions of the Company to these two places Isekepe and Bawmerona not mentioned by way of restriction Whether Barima within 1516 (before and after) 1631 1758 1791 1791 -4 1750 -6 1752 1754 1755 (193) Proposed inclusion of further places to be acquired on mainland Discussions preceding, have no bearing on extent of Dutch territory Renewed RenewedRenewed Renewed Charters discussed by Burr To Ordaz Only acted on in Orinoco Grant to the Welsers was west of Orinoco Granted by Emperors Ferdinand and Charles V A brauch tribe of the Akawoi Indians . . Proposes to Spanish authorities to colonize the country of the Amazons and coast of Guiana, where the Dutch were increasing, with Irish Catholics ; proposal rejected The Spanish version of the "Instructions to Postholders " seized in the Spanish raid on the Cuyuni, twice meu tions " Chinese slaves " as on the Cuyuni Petition for land on Pomeroon by . . Maps by As Carib Interpreter in Essequibo Court of Justice Brings Caribs as witnesses before this Court in complaint against Christian Tonsel Stationed at Capoey to give notice of any Spanish attack Sent to fetch Caribs from Barima to appear before Court of Justice T B.C. Ap. I, 150 BC. Ap. I, 173 V.C, 56 V.C. Ill, 22 B.C.C, 58 V.A., 245 V.C, 56 V.C.C, 75 V.C.C. II, 19, 121-2,181 V.CC, 74 V.A., 245-6, 313 B.CC, 33 V.A., 4 V.C.C. II, 121, 122,181 V.A. II, 760 V.C, 57 B.C.C, 33 V.C, 57 V.C, 57 V.C, 57 V.C.C. II, 17-28 B.C.C, 29 V.A., 1 B.C.C, 29 B.CC, 29 V.C, 36 B.C Ap. VII, 30 B.C.C. Ap., 20-22 B.C. Ap. II, 169 V.C. II, 245 V.C. Atlas, 68, 69 V.CC. II, 252, 254 B.C. Ap. II, 64, 123 B.C. Ap. II. 73 B.C. Ap. II, 95 B.C. Ap. II, 123 72 Christiaansen — Coast.] Christiaansen — continued. Cierto, Don Francisco, captain of Pioneers 1760 1768 Cigri (misprinted in Atlas Cigni) Cimarrones Cipenamia Creek = Supe- naam Creek, q.v. Ciudad Bolivar= Angustura = St. Thome (3rd site) Civitenes Indians . . Claas Claessen Clancy, William, Roman Catholic Bishop Clarke, Gidney, a merchant in Barbadoes Clarke, Sir Andrew . Clementi (or Clementia or Trementia). See also under Indian Captains. Coast . . 1751 As witness before the Court, re charge oi ill-treatment of Caribs on Cuyuni Leader of a Spanish raid on Barima For details, see under Raids, Spanish. Raid by, on Barima, file as to His instructions Map by i.e., savage Indians 1747 1839 1614 -5 1749 1754 1890 Of River Negro, said by Iturriaga to have joined with the Guipanovis in attacks on Jesuits of River Caura Captain of Akawois in Waini Intends new Dutch Settlements in West Indies On mission to Spanish Arawaks in Moruka Forwards to Commandeur a Proclamation of the Governor of Martinique Correspondence with Director - General Gravesande And Captain Lowther, their alleged pro posal to Venezuela; repudiated by Great Britain 1841 Warow Captain, of Warina Hill, Barima . . Spanish and Dutch documents showing Dutch power on coasts Basis of Dutch claim to, criticised. . Gravesande said to have been the first actively to press question of Dutch limits within Early Spanish resort to, insisted on Assertion of Spanish authority over Venezuelan argument on early Spanish action on, criticised B.C. Ap. II, 183 B.C. Ap. Ill, 167-175 V.C. II, 358, 361 V.A. II, 457, 541 B.C. Ap. Ill, 167-175 V.C. II, 358 B.C. Ap. Ill, 170 B.C., 137 B.C. Atlas, 22 B.CAp. VII, 351-5 V.C.C. Ill, 84 B.C. Atlas, 22 B.C., 21 B.C Ap. VII, 354-5 B.C. Ap. II, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C., 22 B.C. Ap. I, 39, 42 V.C. II, 262 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 61, 62 B.C. Ap. 11,93,94,96, 119 B.C. Ap. VII, 136, 7 B.C. Ap.VII, 21, 209, 210, 212, 213, 223, 224 B.C., 22, 25, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 67, 73, 177- 11,41 B.C.C, 40 B.C.C. Ap., 16, 353 B.A., 26-8 V.C.C, 40-48 V.A., 337 V.A. II, 439 V.C, 135-140 B.C.C, 28, 29 Coast.] 73 Coast — continued. 1841 1597 -8 1609 1614 1615 1621 -48 16311631 -7 1632 1648- Absence of Spanish control on 1725 1656 1657 Acts of Spaniards in Barima said to be real and positive assertion of the Spanish claims on the coast Between Orinoco and Amazon unconquered by Spaniards Whole of, regarded as open . . [Burr] Acknowledged by Spaniards to be Dutch Dutch settlement on Dutch masters of whole territory Dutch command of, denied. . Dutch increasing on, and to Amazon Dutch power on French and English Colonies on . . Proposals for settlement on Jurisdiction of Walcheren Cities over 1 and 10° 1669 16761693 1721 -55 1722 1725 1803 1739175117581761 1762 -5 1764 Hanau grant on Spaniards aware Dutch held chief part oi B.CC. 58 [Explanation. V.A., 351 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C. II, 9 V.CC. II, 28, 52. 57 B.C., 22 B.C Ap. I, 37-8 B.A., 26 B.C. Ap. I, 36 V.C. II, 261 B.C. Ap. I, 43 V.C.C, 15-17 B.C.C. Ap, 20 B.C.C, 35 B.C. Ap. I, 169-70 VCC, 16 B.C.C, 68, 69 V.C, 99 B.C. Ap. I, 137, 139 V.C, 76 B.C.C, 54 B.C.C, 55 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 145-6, 191 B.CC, 55 B.C.C. Ap., 26 B.C.C. Ap., 353 B.A., 27 Of Province of Venezuela, Spanish com plaint of Dutch usurpation of entire trade on Dutch use of Delisle represents whole of, as open - General Spanish control alleged . . B.C. Ap. I, 177-8 V.C.C, 48 ¦ B.C.C Ap., 46-7 San Felipe on Dutch power on, west to Cumana Claim of Zeeland Chamber to Dutch claim up to Boca de Navios known to Iturriaga Dutch claim up to Orinoco known to Solano To Amakuru, treated as Dutch in Directory B.C. Ap. VII, 164, 5 of Colony of Essequibo Mentionof Amakuru in register of Essequibc} V.A., 347 said to be early Dutch suggestion that this river marked the boundary B.C. Ap. VII, 179 V.C.C. II, 289 V.C.C, 51, 52 B.CC. Ap., 184, 187 B.C. Ap. II, 72 B.A. ,-Al B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 141-2 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. II, 203 Coast— Codazzi.J 74 Coast — con tinued. 1769 Immemorial possession of rivers on, affirmed in Remonstrance B.C. Ap. IV, 29 Dutch possession of (save Morkua) denied in Spanish depositions B.C. Ap. IV, 47, 48 54, 58, 61, 64 V.C, 145 51 1770 All occupied by foreigners (Dutch), Spaniards having only Orinoco, by Centurion B.C. Ap. IV, 70, 73 1772 Extent of plantations on . . Dutch survey westward to Moruka B.C. Ap. IV, 103, 104 B.C. Ap. IV, 103 1773 Plantations on . . Whole occupied by French and Dutch B.C. Ap. IV, 120 B.C. Ap. IV, 111 1776 Plantations on B.C. Ap. IV, 67 1779 Dutch residents on . . Dutch official inquiry as to advisability of further military posts on B.C Ap. IV, 208. 209, B.C. Ap. IV, 205 211 1781 British naval patrol along, to Orinoco mouth Plantations on Survey of, by British B.C. Ap. IV, 217 B.C. Ap. IV, 217 V.C.C, 52 1781 -97 British surveys of, denied to be acts of occupation V.C.C, 32 1812 -13 Return of plantations on . . V.C. Ill, 60 1815 Return of plantations on . . V.C. Ill, 62 1839 Alleged decline of plantations on Arabian Coast V.C. Ill, 329/ 330 1839 Colombian authorities had exercised no jurisdiction east of Amakuru B.C. Ap. VII, 2 1843 Survey of, recommended by Schomburgk Alluvial coast district, alleged narrowing of, near Moruka Burr on difficulty of sailing along from the west Grant and im Thurn on history of forma tion of Reclus and Lyall on Old line of, shown on Brown and Sawkin's map B.C. Ap. VII, 56 V.C, 16, 17, 26, 27 V.C.C. II, 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 B.C. Ap. VII, 243 V.C, 26 Coastguard 1699 -1701 Dutch, at mouth of Essequibo River under Corporal Joos Bacx B.C.C. Ap., 51, 4, 7, 79, 152 Codazzi His merits as a geographer V.A. II, lxxiv 1840 Maps by Curumo Post on map of V.C. Atlas, 80 V.C.C. Atlas, 19, 20 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 B.C., 137 V.C, 171 B.C.C, 99 Codazzi — Commissions.] 75 Codazzi — continued. Codd, Governor Coelho, Major Collaert, Nicolas Colombian Government. 1840 1843 1744 -5 1749 1754 1839 Coloma, Don Manuel Colonists, conditions offered by Company to (1756-9). See under Conditions. Columbia River Columbus Comacka in Moruka Commissions to Indian Captains (193) 1688 1756 -9 1498 1499 1834 1793 -5 1834 Inaccuracy of his mapping of the R. Uruan and of the Spanish Missions Schomburgk on inaccuracy of map of Orders employment of Indians against re volted negroes Letter of Military Commander of District of R. Branco visits Sckornbursk at Pirara Postholder of Demerara Flies from justice, having committed a murder in Essequibo, to the Spanish Mission of Conuri by Courthial's road, " with some Indians with loads " The deserter supplies Spaniards with map of Cuyuni Reported desirous of ascertaining their boundaries No jurisdiction east of Amakuru . . Exaction of labour from Indians . . Spanish Ambassador at the Hague, com plains of certain Dutch who designed to establish a free port in the West Indies British claim with regard to. . Discovery of America, tov/ard the Orinoco by Lieutenants of, alleged to have entered Orinoco and Essequibo Settlement of Spanish Arawaks No formal record of these kept One given to Carib Captain in Essequibo by Governor van Grovestins Governor Carmichael Smyth explains Captain Juan Aguilar, for Sp. Arawaks of Moruka Captain William (Warow) of Aruka Clementi Jan of Amakuru Cabaralli Cornelius Schade u B.C. Ap. VI, 182 B.C. Ap. VII, 37 B.C. Ap. VI, 2 V.C, 165 B.C. Ap. VII, 52 B.C. Ap.VII. 160 B.C. Ap. II, 110. 114 B.C., 44 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C Ap. VII, 1 B.C. Ap VII, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. I, 205 V.A. II, 740 V.C, 35 V.A., 1 V.C, 35 B.C.C, 29 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C. Ap., VII, 246 B.C.C. Ap., 262 B.C Ap. VI, 57 B.C Ap. VI, 54, 57 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C Ap. VII, 210 B.C. Ap. VII, 219 B.C. Ap. VII, 211, 213 B.C. Ap. VII, 221 Commissions — Concessions.] 76 Commissions to Indian Captains— continued. Commission, Royal Commodore. , Concessions by Venezuelan Government 1843 1851 1852 1855 1861 1862 1863 1863 -78 1850 1853 1883 -4 1881 -4 1881 1883 -4 1884 1883 For Indian Captain Callistro Hernandez That of deceased Miguel Chacon returned by Postholder Commissions, Brit'sh, to Indian Captains in Barima and Waini (Before) to Captain on Barima by Governor Carmichael Smyth To Captain John William (Arawak) of of Pomeroon To Captain Erijee Manarwa (Carib ?) of Upper Essequibo To Captain Patricio Sabana (Sp. Arawak) of Moruka To Captain France (Warow) of Moruka . . To Captain William (Warow) of Barima . . To Captain Hillario (Akawoi) of Barama . . To Captain Vigilant. . To Captain Wiabee (Carib) of Waini To Captain Daniel (Carib) That issued to Cephas, as Carib captain of Essequibo R. To Captain Cornellisen of Massaruni R. . . To inquire into state of Colony of British Guiana, report by Captain of the Pomeroon Caribs In disputed area Regarded as infringements of Arrange ment of 1850 To General Pulgar Note on Map showing extent of . . To CyreniusC Fitzgerald .. Extent of Map of Alleged not to be in violation of " Arrange ment of 1850 " To Herbert Gordon Map of The Manoa Company B.CAp. VI, 128; VII, 213 B.C Ap. VI, 125 B.C., 118 B.C.C. Ap., 300 B.C. Ap. VII, 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 181 B.C. Ap. VII, 247 B.C. Ap. VII, 249 B.C. Ap. VII, 248 B.C. Ap. VII, 248 B.C. Ap. VII, 251 B.C. Ap. VII, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 249 B.C. Ap. VII, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 226-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 227-8 V.C, 176 B.C.C. Ap., 301 B.C., 131 B.C. Ap. VI, 217,219, 221 V.A., 98-99 B.C. Ap.VII, 133 V.A., 98-99 B.C., 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 217-8 B.CAp. VI, 217 B.C., 73 B.C Ap. VI, 219-20 B.C., 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 219-20 B.C Ap. VI, 222 V.A., 99 B.C., 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 221-3 V.A., 99 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 B.C, 73 77 Concessions — Conquest.] Concessions — continued. Congress of Angustura Conquest 1884 -6 1884 1886 1887 1890 1893 Condamine, La Conditions to Colonists . . 1376 1656 1657 1659 1811 Venezuelan, in disputed territory, not recog nised by Great Britain Of Fitzgerald, had been made over to Manoa Company Letter by Fitzgerald to Governor Irving on Manoa Company To Fitzgerald and to Gordon had ap parently been amalgamated under Manoa Company To Gordon ; interest in to be transferred to an English Company Guzman Blanco on Fitzgerald Concession For Railway to Guacipati British proclamation against To M. Le Mye, protested against by Great Britain Lord Rosebery's reference to those of 1881-4 as breaches of Arrangement of 1850 S. Michelena denial of encroachment by those of 1881-4 Statements of grantees disavowed by Venezuela Maps of, alleged to be private acts of grantees S. Calcano's reference to . . Provisional conditions for Of Wild Coast, offered by Walcheren cities Of Wild Coast, further conditions offered Boundaries of independent Venezuela fixed ex parte. Discussion as to Dutch title by Construction of treaties of peace confirm ing, discussed Wheaton, on title by Limits of title by . . Field on title by Grotius on title by . . Phillimore on title by Ortolan on title by . . American cases on title by Conclusions of Venezuelan argument on title by B.C., 131 B.C. Ap. VI, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C Ap. VI, 228 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 V.C. Ill, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C. Ap. VII, 137 B.C. Ap. VII, 143 B.C. Ap.VII, 145 V.C.C, 55 V.CC, 54 B.C Ap. VII, 92 B C. Ap. I, 137 V.C. II, 28 B.C., 83 B.C Ap. I, 143 B.C.C Ap., 27-28 B.C.C. Ap., 28-30 B.C. Ap. VII, 36 V.A., 259 V.A. II, xliv-xlv V.A., 275 V.A., 275 V.A., 276 V.A., 276 V.A., 277 V.A., 277 V.A., 278 V.A., 280 Conquest — Cosacuro.J 78 Conquest— continued. Cooriaan, Simon . . Corentin River 15981603 (?) 1614 16181G21 -48 1629 1880 1816 Coriapo (within mouth of Orinoco)=Carapo, q.v. CornejoCornelissen, Hendrick T. . . Cornellissen, Peter Cornellissen, Georgina, In dian, Massaruni R. CorocimaCosacuro Creek(=Ekereku; 1613 -4 16341679 1701 1843 1531 1813 1863 1884 1789 From Spain, set up by Dutch in the New Netherland controversy From Spain, relation of facts in British case to Dutch title by Advised by Cabelian Advised by Usulinx (?) from the Province of Guiana Evidenced by state of war in the Corentin and Trinidad By Dutch and English under Raleigh Dutch military control of Guiana as evi dence of Dutch acquisitions by Said to be shown by Lord Salisbury's letter to Senor Rojas Corporal of Burgher Militia Boundary between Dutch Guiana (Surinam) and British Guiana British, Dutch, and Brazilian Frontiers converge at source of Destruction of Dutch Post in, by Spaniards, produced no permanent effect Dutch settled in Expected incursion of Caribs from 5 (or 6) white men murdered by Indians on Schomburgk's report on his journey down from source V.A., 260, 272, 311 V.A., 266 V.A., 259 V.A., 262 V.A., 263 V.A., 265 V.A., 266 V.A., 268 V.A., 270 V.A., 273 B.C. Ap. VI, 6 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C Ap. VII, 4, 56, 61 B.C. Ap. VII, 54 B.C., 32 B.C. Ap. I, 31-2, 36 V.C, 50, 51 V.C II, 261-2 V.A., 2 B.C.C. Ap., 10 B.C. Ap. I, 181 V.C. II, 38 B.C-C Ap., 141, 4 B.C. Ap. VII, 54-56 Orinoco ascended by Appointed Assistant Postholder for Esse quibo and the Massaruni Post Carib Captain of Massaruni River Declaration of Site of City of Manoa of Manoa Co. On right bank Cuyuni just alio ,'e Curumu c.f. Dutch plantation at . . V.C, 37 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap. VII, 226- B.C. Ap. VII, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 231 B.C. Atlas, 49 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.CC, 82 B.C. Ap V, 109 Cotinga — Courthial.j 79 Cotinga R. . , Council of the Indies Council of Nineteen and Council of Ten. See under Assembly. Courabana 1842 1640 1693 1733 1752 Courthial, Ignace 179217961742 1746 1748 1752 1755 1757 Trib. of Takutu (R.B.) (Amazon System). . As boundary between Brazilian and British Guiana (Schk.) Ascended by Schomburgk Affirm that the Dutch had taken possession of the best positions and posts in Trinidad and Guayana Determine on complaint to States General on audacious usurpation of all trade on coast of Province of Venezuela by Dutch vessels Minute on the requirements of Trinidad and Province of Guayana Deals with petition of Fray Bispal that the Mission escort should be increased B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap.VII, 5, 118 B.C., 67 B.C Ap. VII, 49 B.CC. Ap., 17 B.C.C. Ap., 46-7 B.C.C. Ap., 160 B.CC. Ap., 197 (193) A Creek and Post, now washed away, at mouth of the Demerara Troops apportioned for Capitulation to be made known to officer in command of His trade in horses from across Orinoco by Cuyuni to Essequibo The course of his road as described by Alvarado According to Alvarado, was in company with Apostate Augustinian monk Court of Policy permits, to cut road through the woods of the Cuyuni to bring mules and horses overland to Essequibo The Company approves the permission to. . Commandeur reports that Courthial has now made his road up in Cuyuni Claims to have made his road for 130-140 leagues across the forest to Kijkoveral and thence to Berbice [Burr] Claims to have become Dutch subject two years previously Claims to have established Mission on Mahaicony Savannahs His proposal to the Company for further development of the Colony Ascends Orinoco to Apure River. . Alvarodo reports the road (Courthials ?) still open Spanish enquiry whether he has passed Moruka Post X B.C. Atlas, 30 B.C. Ap. V, 133 B.C. Ap. V, 162 B.C. Ap. II, 110, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 110 B.C. Ap. II, 114 B.C., 36-83 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 59 V.C.C. II, 152, 154-5 B.C. Ap. II, 59 B.C. Ap. II, 59 B.C Ap. II, 59, 62, 100 B.C Ap III, 35 B.C. Ap II, 108 - B.C. Ap. II, 138 Courthial— Courts of Justice.] 80 C ourthial— continu ed. Courts of Justice 1657 1738 1744 1758 Arrested by the Spaniards as he came down Orinoco, and deprived of all he had 1759 As translator of Spanish documents sen! 62 from Orinoco Criminal jurisdiction of Dutch over settlers Criminal Jurisdiction of Dutch over Indians Criminal jurisdiction to follow precedents of Zeeland Deals with three deserting soldiers arrested and brought back from Waini Receives report of arrest of two Spaniards at Port of Wakepo 1747 j Deals with murder of Indian by Indian in 1748 1750 1751 1752 1754 1755 Pomeroon Deals with attempted murder by Indian in Cuyuni Deals with charge against Postholder, Moruka, by Colonist Deals with offence in Moruka by Colonist against Indian B.C. Ap. II, 1S9 V.C. II, 123 B.C. Ap. II, 182, 219 B.C., 86 B.C, 86 Closes upper Essequibo to traffic, except through Posthokh ...--. conduct of traders through Postholders, on account of bad 1756 1757 Takes cognizance of attack by Jan Stok on Indian allies near Arinda Takes cognizance of charge by Caribs of Massaruni against the colonists Marchal and de Bakker Summons Indians from Waini before it . . Caribs of Barima appeal to, against a Dutch settler Deals with petition to place Post on Moruka Deals with case of Jan Pierre Maillard, accused of murder in Upper Essequibo Considers scheme for moving Moruka Post Inquires into slaughter of Indians in Massaruni Barima chief summoned to give evidence in Refers petition of la Riviere re land in Pomeroon to Court of Policy Orders shift of Post in Moruka Deals with charge against Pieter Marichal and certain Caribs of causing Akawoi revolt Resolves to send word to Sp. Commandant of intended Carib attack on Missions ; Decides not to supply Caribs with gun powder to attack the Spanish Missions B.C. Ap. I, 144 V.C. II, 32 B.C. Ap. II, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C.C. Ap., 189 B.C.C. Ap, 190 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 55 B.C Ap. II, 65 B.C Ap. II, 64 B.C Ap. II, 70 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 72, 73 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 104 B.C. Ap. II, 123 B.C., 115 B.C Ap. II, 123-7 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 123 B.C. Ap. II, 124 B.C. Ap. II, 124 B.C. Ap. II, 123, 124 B.C Ap. II, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 130, 131 Courts ot Justice — Court of Policy.] Courts of Justice — contd. Court of Policy 175817601761 17621766 1783 1787 1831 18321839 1840 1843 1874 1701 17061724 1726 Still reserves right to trade in Upper Essequibo Deals with charge against Creole Tampoco of murdering an Indian up in Massaruni and for offence up in Cuyuni Deals with charge against Dutchman for ill-treatment of Caribs on Cuyuni Ordains observance of passport system on Cuyuni, for prevention of deserting slaves Deals with charge against Nicolaas Stedevelt for ill-treatment of Indians up in Essequibo Jean Baptiste appointed interpreter of Indian languages to Deals with charge against Jan Adolff Rosen for a serious offence committed in Barima against J. Thomas Adams Enquiry into murder of Mullert by Indians Deals with charge against Joseph Meyer for misdemeanour at Post of Arinda Trial of Indian Billy Williams Trial of Indian Frederick Arrest of Indian Manoel on Barima The Queen v. John Maul (for shooting at Indian in Barima) Indian witnesses from Barima and Upper Waini summoned to Deals with offence by Bridgewater in Barima against an Indian Aharooroney Arrest and trial of Garret by British on Amakuru Regulations by Proceedings of Jan Pietersen sent to Upper Cuyuni by . . Arranges to support their Carib and Akawoi allies (on Essequibo) against the Maganouts Approves laying out of coffee plantation for Company up in Cuyuni Reports as to its trade in balsam up Essequibo, and in balsam and red slaves to Orinoco Resolves to move the Post of Wakepo to Akweeru on the Moruka B.C.C. Ap., 197 B.C.C. Ap., 198 B.C. Ap. II, 182-3 B.C. Ap. II, 202 B.C.C. Ap., 208 B.CC. Ap., 216 B.C.C. Ap., 208-16 V.A. II, 453 B.C Ap. V, 5 B.C.C. Ap., 257 B.C., 102 B.C Ap. VI. 40-2 V.A. II, 711 B.C. Ap. VI, 47-8 V.A. II, 713 B.C.. 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71, 78-81 V.A. II, 679, 709-10 B.C. 102, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 96-99, 102-3, 106-8 V.A., 710 B.C. Ap. VI, 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 124-5 B.C., 72 B.C. Ap. VI, 212-214 V.A. II, 716-18 B.C. Ap. I, 222 V.C. II, 66 V.C. II, 67 B.C.C. Ap., 159 B.C Ap. II, 2 B.C. Ap. II, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 3, 4 B.C. Ap. II, 5, 6 82 Court of Policy.] Court of Policy — continued. 1728 17331735 1741 1748 1754 1755 17561762 17781781178417921793 1803 1804 1807 Reinforces Post of Wakepo on account of warlike rumours Asks the company to send out miners to explore for gold and silver Appoints fixed salary to their trader in upper Essequibo Deals with actions of the colonist Cauderas in Barima Resolves to send to the Aguirre (Orinoco) for horses Reports failure to sell the Company's indigo plantation in Cuyuni Decides to send messenger to Commandant of Orinoco to ask explanation as to expected Spanish attack Declares Pomeroon not open for timber cutting Timber grant for Waini to Ling and Swartz Timber grant on Waini to van Doom Meeting to consider means to meet ex pected Spanish attack Reserves right to cut timber, even on granted land Refers petitions of Knott and Salignacq to cut timber in Waini and Pomeroon to the directors Belittles importance of trade with Orinoco Notifies its readiness to receive complaints of Indians Yields the Colony to British demands Arranges for arrest in Amakuru of negroes harboured by Warows Deals with assault by negroes, off Pomeroon, on Dutch settler Deals with apportionment of British troops to frontier at Orinoco Considers unprotected state of coast of Essequibo Already transferred to Demerara Report on state of Colony to Council of American Colonies (of Batavian Republic) Arranges for presents to Indians of Upper Essequibo Arranges for payment , and presents to Indians of Upper Essequibo and of Moruka Deals with disturbances between the Indians and the coloured settlers of the Essequibo River Deals with complaint by settler Harrop against Postholder for act in Pomeroon B.C. Ap. II, 7 B.C. Ap. II, 17 B.CAp. 11,21,22 B.C. Ap. II, 20, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 35 B.C. Ap. II, 55 B.C. Ap. II, 95 B.C. Ap. II, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 94, 95 B.C.C Ap., 197 B.C. Ap. II, 128, 129 B.C. Ap. II, 213 B.C., 86 B.C. Ap. IV, 187-8 V.C. II, 237 B.C.C. Ap., 256 B.C.C. Ap., 256 B.C. Ap. V, 133 B.C.C. Ap., 258 B.C.C. Ap., 260 B.CC. Ap., 258-261 B.C.C. Ap., 262 B.C.C. Ap., 268 B.C.C. Ap., 263-4 B.CC. Ap., 263 83 Court of Policy — Couvreur.] Court of Policy — continued. 1808 1810 1811 1815 -18 1816 Cousijn, Abraham Cousijn, Jan. . Couvreur, D., Planter up Massaruni (193) 1817 1819 1820 1834183718381883 1887 Resolves on strict enforcement of law against purchase of Indians as slaves Appoints new Protectors of Indians Raises salary of Wahl, Postholder of Lower Essequibo Arranges for free repair, by Colonial armourer, of firearms of Indians Authorises payment of Indians attached to Post of Moruka Assigns captured Bush negroes for service of Moruka Post Approves of Governor's arrangements for immediate payment of Indians employed against Bush negroes Resolution as to annual allowances to Posts Orders payment of Indians, from Pomeroon to Waini, employed against revolted negroes in 1813 Deals with petition of Widow Pieterse for cost of entertainment of Carib Chief Murawa from Upper Essequibo Approves usual distribution of presents to Indians Appoints medical officer for Pomeroon Takes measures to deal with influx oi Spanish Arawaks from Orinoco Regulations of . . . . . . Arranges for repair of barracks on Esse quibo coast Sanctions extra payment to Carib Chief Manorowa Grant of 30,000 fl. for triennial presents to Indians Considers supposed discontent of Indians at discontinuance of presents Sanctions payment for final allowances to Indians Speech of Governor on duty toward Indians Petitions H. B. M. Government for settle ment of boundary Statement as to boundary by Lieutenant- Governor Bruce in Meeting of, anent boundary question 1700 1735 1756 Proprietor of free plantation Boschbeek. Postholder of Demerara . , Reports a rumour gathered from Indians of presence of some white men up in Massaruni B.C.C. Ap., 263-4 B.C.C Ap., 265 B.C.C. Ap., 264 B.C.C. Ap., 267 B.C.C Ap., 266 B.C.C Ap., 266 B.C.C. Ap., 266 B.C.C. Ap., 269 B.C. Ap., VI, 1, 2, 3, 4 B.C. Ap., VI, 4 B.C. Ap. VI, 4, 5 B.C. Ap. VI, 5 B.C. Ap. VI. 7, 8 V.C, 165 B.C. Ap. VI, 16 B.C. Ap. VI, 17-19 B.C. Ap. VI, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C. Ap. VII, 103 V.C III, 163-166 V.C, 183 n. B.C.C. Ap., 113 B.C Ap. VII, 158 B.C. Ap. II, 129, 130 Y 84 Cow Island — Crichton.] Cow Island, in Essequibo. . Coverdale v. Charlton . . Coyara, on Moruka River. . Coyoni Passage (from Ama kuru to Orinoco) Crame, Don A Creek Guatupigue Creole Dutch " Creoles, Half-free " Crewitz, C. . , Crichton, William, Super intendent of Rivers and Creeks 1825 1834 1841 1777 1839 1839 -40 1841 1843 1844 1850 1854 17381760 1761 17621838 1839 Petition from Postholder Wahl to cultivate granted Quoted on extent of possession belonging to adverse holders Warow settlement . . Schomburjrk cited as to Plan of Defence of Guayana by Use of, by Indians By Macusi of Siparuni (Upper Essequibo) Of Essequibo Of Amakuru Between Indians and Colonists Of Barima, Aruka, Waini By Macusi of Rupununi By Indians of Essequibo, Cuyuni and Massaruni Of Barima Of Asakarta (Waini) In Cuyuni R. Mentioned by Director-General as living in Cuyuni R. Appointed by Court of Justice to supervise traders on Cuyuni Arrests and restores ten runaway slaves on Cuyuni Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Report on visits throughout district to Barima Governor alludes in Court of Policy to accuracy of his reports Journal of visits to Essequibo Rivers and to Moruka, Waini and Barima On the Moruka itabo as a barrier B.C. Ap. VI, 36 V.A., 364 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C. Ap. VII, 16 V.C, 17 B.C. Ap. IV, 177-183 V.C. II, 432 B.C. Ap. V, p. 75 B.C., 67 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C.C. Ap., 276 V.A., 657-60 B.C.C. Ap., 286-7 B.C. Ap., 87, 104, 292 B.C., 66, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 14,219-20 B.C., 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 14 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C. Ap. VII, 53 B.C., 67 B.C. Ap. VI, 130 B.C. Ap. VI, 184, VII, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C., 35 B.C Ap. II, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 202 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C, 65 V.C, 167 B.C.C. Ap., 283-5 V.C.C, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C. Ap. VI, 65-77 V.A. II, 669-70 V.A., 173 Crichton — Cumana.] 85 Crichton — continued. 1839 Report on Hilhouse's Memorandum on Indian affairs Governor Light on visit of, to Waini, Barima and Aruka B.C. Ap. VI, 76-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 1 1842 As Inspector-General of Police with British troops at Pirara B.C. Ap. VI, 120 Criminal Jurisdiction, See under Courts of Justice. t Cristaes R.=Cotinga R., q.v. Croom or Kroom, in upper Cuyuni [Curumu R. ?] 1845 Akawois and Caribs from Barama migrate to, to see " God on earth " B.C. Ap. VI, 142 1846 Akawois and Caribs return from B.C. Ap. VI, 142 B.C. Ap. VI, 144 Crown Lands. (See wider Land Grants and Land System). Cruijsse, Isaac van der 1755 , Land of, in Capoey Creek, had been sold to Peter' de Windt B.C.C. Ap., 197 Cruijsse, Councillor Abraham v. d. 1762 Sent by Director-General as envoy to Trinidad B.CAp. 11,219,221, 223- 226 -4, Cruz, Cano y Olmedilla 1775 Map by [Mallet-Prevost] Mission of Mutanambo on . . B.C. Atlas, 27 B.C., 136-7 V.C.C. II, 307-9 V.C.C, 62 Cruz, Segundo de la 1758 Soldier employed on Cuyuni Raid ; his deposition B.C. Ap. II, 163 V.C II, 318 Crystal Mountain 1746 A mountain far up the Essequibo, reported by the Company's miners • Report of, by Postholder of Arinda B.C Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. IV, 14 Ciudad Real 1760 Reference to foundation of, by Iturriaga.. B.C.C. Ap., 205 1763 Deserted condition of B.C. Ap. Ill, 26 Cubagua Island Between Island of Margarita and the main land B.C. Atlas, 1, 10 Cuiba. (See also under Agui- GVX,andunderCuYUNi Posts 1758- One of the names given for the Post on Cuyuni raided by Spaniards [McTurk on supposed position of, above Uruan] B.C. Ap. II, 165 V.C.II, 321 V.A. II, 428 B.C. Ap. VII, 228, 234 Cullen, Father 1840 Succeeded F. Hermant in charge of S. Rosa Mission B.C.C. Ap., 290 Cultivation. (See under Lani Grants and Land System.) Cumaka (Aruka). (Set Aruka Hills.) 1841 Schomburgk at B.C. Ap. VII, 12 Cumaka Serima The property of De Britton and Bradford. . B.C. Ap. VI, 110 1775 Dutch Post on Upper Essequibo, above mouth of Rupununi B.C Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Atlas, 2 Town on mainland of Guiana, opposite Island of Margarita B.C. Atlas, 1 Cumana— Curumacuru.] 86 Cumana — continued. Cunuri Cunuri River Cupapui Cura Curabana=Courabana, q.v. Cura Cura Creek=Cosacuru q.v. Curabiri Curije Creek (Barima) = Kuriai Creek, q.v. Curowato Ro (on right bank Rupununi ) ? = Urna Curua (or Urua) Curucima Curumacuru 1500 1720 1720 -63 1731 1739 1763 1755 1743 1755 1787 1891 1897 1839 17! Alleged settlement by Ojeda, at . . Condition of . . Measures taken to pacify province of, summarised Government of Guayana transferred to, from Trinidad S. Felipe proposes to make, centre for garrisons of Guayana Government, provinces and Llanos of, de scribed Subordinate to Santa Fe . . Bounded on south by Brazil . . Intervening country little explored Enquiry as to its distance from Essequibo, and as to practicability of the road which then passed near it " Its waters flow into the Yuruari, and this into the Cuyuni " (Alvarado) Inspection of mines at, by Alvarado . . Reported gold mines near Repair of road at . . Venezuelan decree for road from, to mouth of Uruan [For Mission at, see under Missions, Spanish.] McTurk on 1758 Youd retires mission from Pirara to Mission at, founded by Youd On right bank, lower Orinoco Suggested as base of settlements by Marmion American settlement at Capital of " Federal Territory of Delta of Orinoco " to be at [Map] Supposed to be on Cuyuni River Probably identical with the Curumu River McTurk on possible position of, in Uruan River Commandant of Guayana informed of a Dutchman, Jacobs, with a negro, said to be living on, and trading V.C, 36 B.C. Ap. Ill, 5 B.C Ap. Ill, 34, 35 B.C. Ap. Ill, 12 B.C.C Ap., 183 B.C. Ap. Ill, 9, 10, 53 B.C Ap. Ill, 54 B.C. Ap. Ill, 55 B.C. Ap. Ill, 59 B.C. Ap. II, 108 B.C. Ap. II, 108 V.CC. Ill, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 105-6 V.C. 147 V.C.C. Ill, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 234 B.C Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VII, 38 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. V, 61 V.C.C. Ill, 134 B.C. Ap. VI, 233 B.C., 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 223, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 222 B.C. Ap. II, 150, 151 V.A. II, 427 B.C. Ap. VII, 228, 234 B.C, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 150 V.C. II, 308 87 Curumn Mission — Curumu River.] Curumu Mission. (See under Missions, Spanish.) Curumu River Trib (L.B.) Cuyuni River . . Not navigable at all seasons 1758 Ce la Garriga refers to Dutchmen living at the mouth of the Curumu Dutch claim boundary passing De la Garriga refers to, as navigable and a channel by which the Dutch traders reach Mission area The Spanish who raided Dutch post on Cuyuni return by, on account of the comparatively easy navigation Spanish proposal to place Spanish fortified Mission of Akawois below mouth of 1769 1788 (193) 1789 1790 1791 Prefect of the Missions reports Dutch residents on Intention to build fort near, formally dis claimed by Spaniards Ascended by Puente Lower course little known to Spaniards till Recommended as base of Spanish settle ments, by Marmion Marmion's note on alleged fort at. . Dutch plantations near mouth of, at Apongara and Cosacura San Celonio deprecates an agricultural settlement at, because too far from the Orinoco, but recommends a fort to stop the invasions of the Dutch No evidence that the Fort was ever made Advanced guard at, proposed by Puente and recommended by Marmion Need of secrecy in making Spanish Post at Gil, Captain-General of Caracas, on pro posed settlement at ; stated to have ordered formation of Post at, approved by the King of Spain B.C. Atlas, I B.C.C, 18 B.CC Ap., 406 B.C., 15 B.C. Ap. II, 145 V.A. II, 425 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C., 8 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C.C. Ap., 203 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.CC. Ap., 199 B.C., 48, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 145-6 ; IV, 23 V.C. II, 306 B.C., 55 B.C. Ap. IV, 48, 51, 55, 58 B.C, 42 B.C Ap. V, 101 V.C II, 463 B.C., 42 B.C. Ap. V, 104 B.C., 18, 58 B.C. Ap. V, 111 V.C. II, 469 B.C., 58 B.C Ap. V, 63 V.C. Ill, 400 V.C.C, 66 V.C.C III, 146 B.C. Ap. V, 109 B.C.C, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 107 B.C., 47 B.C., 61 B.C. Ap. V, 74 V.C. II, 471-2 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C., 61 B.C. Ap. V, 116-9 V.C. Ill, 401 V.C. II, 473-6 B.C., 61 B.C. Ap. V, 130 V.C. II, 477 IV.C.C. Ill, 152 88 Curumu River— Cuyuni River.] Curumu River — continued. 1792 1796 Curuwuini River Cutari River Cutuan River Cuyurara Fall, on Amakuru Cuyuni River 1857 1891 1746 17501771 1843 1841 Alleged Spanish post at Spanish post of, note as to establish ment of Post on, alleged to show that Spain was mistress of the whole interior Doubtful whether this Spanish fort on Curumo was ever established Alleged former Spanish post at mouth of; Schomburgk refers to Alleged Spanish fort at ; Burr on alleged fort at mouth of Alleged Spanish fort at, site of, on maps — Arrowsmith Codazzi Bauza Hebert Tracing by Sir R. K. Porter Road suggested to the Curumo Used by Venezuelans to reach Cuyuni from Tumeremo Mission of, said to be cause of dis quietude to Dutch Mission of . . Mission at, mentioned (?) . . Alleged Missions on A branch of upper Corentin; visited by Schomburgk Western branch of river Corentin ; visited by Schomburgk Schomburgk on Visited by Schomburgk Geographical . Tributary of Massaruni, tributary of Essequibo River The important tributaries of British claim to, alleged to rest on geo graphy and trading Alleged separation, so-called "Cuyuni- Massaruni basin," from Essequibo, and connection with Orinoco as a natural dependency of the latter Venezuelan theory of Cuyuni-Massaruni basin criticised Alleged easy approach to, from the west B.C.C, 99 V.C, 153 V.C II, 483 V.C.C, 67 B.C., 60-1 B.C.C, 99-100 B. Ap., 18 B.C. Ap. VII, 28, 60 V.C.C. II, 226 Atlas, p. , and B.C.C, 100 B.C.C, 99 B.C.C, 100 B.C.C, 99 B.C.C, 100 V.C.C. Ill, 191 B.C. Ap. VI, 252 V.C.C, 62 B.C. Ap. IV, 21 B.C. Ap. IV, 95 V.C.C, 65 B.C Ap. VII, 55, 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 55, 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 29 B.C. Ap. VII, 16 B.C. Atlas, I B.C., 8 V.CC, 22 V.C, 28, 31, 34 V.A., 746-752 B.CC., 15, 16 V.A., 164 Cuyuni River] 89 Cuyuni River— con tinued. This allegation questioned Alleged boundaries of this basin . . Watershed theory said to be inapplicable " Pariacot Savannah '' treated as within the Cuyuni-Massaruni basin " Pariacot Savannah" said to extend right across Separated from Mission Savannah by forest Venezuela alleges Spaniards to have pene trated forest region in Difficulty of Puente in reaching Alleged not to be navigable river. . Navigation of ; British statements of difficulties of, quoted by Venezuela Navigation of; McTurk's description of descent of McTurk on difficulties of falls in . . Schomburgk on the same Navigation of; practicability of, implied in Venezuelan allegations Characteristics of mouth of, stated Portages on . . . . . . . . . . Licensed steersmen and bowmen on Spanish Influence in — Valley of, occupied by fort on Curumo . . Alleged Spanish control in, summarized .'. Alleged Spanish action in, and beyond . . Caribs of, alleged to have been driven out by Spain Alleged Spanish trade down No Spanish influence in . . Burr on reported Spanish control or in fluence in Alleged virtual admission by Great Britair of Spanish control in Dutch Influence in — The river always claimed by Gravesande as Dutch Suggestion that the Company forbad assertion of Dutch title in Suggestion that the Dutch did not regard the Post as in their territory Falls at mouth of, suggested as limit of Dutch colony B.C., 18-20 B.C.C, 15, 16 V.C, 29 V.A., 744-752 V.C.C, 25, 26 V.C, 33, 34 B.C.C, 18, 19 V.C, 33 V.C.C, 8 B.C.C, 18 V.A., 154 V.C, 29-31 B.C Ap. VI, 248-9 B.CC, 16, 17 V.A., 158 V.A., 156 B.C.C, 17 B.C.C, 5 B.C.C, 17 B. Ap., 51 B.C.C, 17 V.C.C, 27 V.A. II, 497-508 V.A. II, 493 V.C.C, 61 V.A. II, 413, 569-572 B.C., 15 V.C.C. II, 167-8 V.CC, 33 B.A., 39 V.A. II, 505, 508 V.A. II, 488 V.A. II, 155, 402 90 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. Inadequacy of alleged acts of Dutch occupation in, insisted upon Dye stores in, alleged to be Indian " Dutch residences " on, as shown in British! V.A. 422-3, 427-8 Atlas, commented on Venezuelan contention that no real contro. V.C.C, 110 by British existed in 1648 1648- 1725 1680 Burr on early Dutch trade of Burr on Dutch relations with Alleged ambiguous use of the name of Cuyuni in British Case Timber cutting in, alleged to be impracti cable above the falls Hi,5TORICAL : Outside Dutch control (according to Venezuela) Trade in, alleged Spanish permission for Absence of Spanish control in Commandeur writes of, as '¦ our provision chamber " V.C.C, 32, 33 V.A., 361 V.A. II, 414 V.C.C. II, 146-53 V.CC. II, 143-73 V.A. II, 434 V.A. II, 650 1680- 1700 16811683 1685 1686 1693 1694 1697 1697- 1703 1099 Indians of, at war with Akawois No French or Spanish trade in Dutch cultivation on Negro sent up, by Dutch, to make peace. . French coming to, from Barima Pariacot Savannah up in . . Horse trade in Plantation in. . Horses bought for Company in Allegation that Spaniards raised horses on savannahs of Horse trade in Bread, fish, and provisions brought from . . Dutch annatto store on . . . . Dutch trade on Upper, by negro traders . . V.C.C, 22 V.C, 101 B.C.C, 69 B.C. Ap. I, 183 V.C, 90, n. V.C II, 41 B.A., 38 B.C., 85 B.C. Ap. I, 183 V.C. II, 41 B.C.C, 62 B.C., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.C., 14, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 185 V.C. II, 44 B.C., Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 52 B.C. Ap. I, 201 V.C. II, 58 B.C. Ap. I, 212 V.C, 91 V.C. II, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 213 V.C II, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 213 V.C. II, 65 V.A. II, 415 B.C Ap. I, 215 B.C Ap. 11,216-7,219 B.C., 31, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 216 B.C.C. Ap., 52, 6, 60 91 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1700 1701 1701 -7 1702 1703 Oriane dye from 1706 1708 1722 1723 -4 17241725 1803 1726 1730 1731 (193) 1732 Dutch trade on Upper, by negro traders . . Company's plantation Nieu w Middelburg on Dutch trade on Upper, by negro traders . . Horse trade in . . . . , , Decline of horse trade by . . . . Horse trade by, said to have been pro hibited by Spaniards Trading post on, " six weeks up river " . . [Burr] Horse trade in . . . . Planks being cut by Dutch up . . Desertion of negro Creoles up Jan Pietersen sent to Upper, by Comman deur A plantation on, under consideration , . Prospective profits of Maurain Saincterre on New plantations on. . .. .. B.C Ap. I, 217 B.C.C Ap., 80, 9, 90, 2, 8, 118 B.CC. Ap., 81 B.C.C. Ap., 135, 139, 150, 155 B.C. Ap. I, 221 V.C, 96 V.C. II, 65 V.C, 96 V.C. II, 65-6, 68-9 V.C, 104 B.C., 31, 81 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 V.C. II, 70 V.C.C, 82 V.C.C. II, 150-2 B.A., 38 B.C. Ap. I, 229 V.C. II, 71 B.C.C Ap., 159 B. Ap., 38 B.C. Ap. I, 228 B.C. Ap. I, 228 B.C.C. Ap., 159 B.C. Ap. I, 23Q B.C. Ap. I, 233 B.C. Ap. I, 252 V.C. II, 79 B.C., 33 B.C. Ap. I, 253 ; II, 1 Trade from No Dutch occupation above falls in, except posts Prosperity of Company's coffee plantations Coffee, cocoa, and indigo plantations on, both above and below the " falls " Private trade forbidden Dutch trade in Closing of, approved by Zeeland Chamber Company's trade in Indian slaves from . . Indigo grown on . . . . . . 2 A B.C. Ap. VII, 179 V.C, 120 B.C. Ap. II, 4 B.C., 34 B.C. Ap. II, 10 B.C, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 10, 12 B.C.C, 74 B.C. Ap. II, 14 V.C, 120 V.C. II, 84 B.C. Ap. II. 12 V.C. II, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 13 B.A., 39 B.C. Ap. II, 14 92 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1732 17331735 1738 1739 1740 1745 -61 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 Descent of Spaniards to Indigo Plantations on 'Cuyuni '(see B.C. Ap. II, 201) attri buted to this date instead of to 1761 State of Company's cultivation in. . . . Lease for private timber cutting . . . . The Creole Jantie sent up, by Commandeur " Half-free Creoles " of [Hartsinck I, 272] Probable mineral wealth of, represented to Company by Commandeur Commandeur proposes, and Company I approves to prospection for minerals Hildebrandt prospects in, for minerals . . Spread of cultivation up Permission to Courthial to cut road through forest of The upper reaches visited by C Finet ; also by Jan Stok Reported Spanish Mission and Post on , . VA. II, 398-9 B.C Ap. II, 17 B.C., 84 B.C. Ap. VII, 190 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C., 35 B.C. Ap. II, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 28, 30 V.C II, 90 B.C. Ap. II, 31-2 36-40 V.C. II, 92 B.C., 36 Caribs of, prevented by Dutch from attack ing Spaniards Rumoured discovery of source of, by Spaniards Indians at head of, attacked by Spaniards Indiansof, permitted refusals on Spaniards Spaniards warned against attacking Indfans of Courtbial's road across (For details see under Courthial) Finet's report on the river . . . . . . Commandeur reports approach of Spaniards; relies on Caribs to check Company's indigo plantation in The river described in Venezuelan case as " very remote " Attempted murder by Indian in, punished by Court of Justice Spanish Government denies foundation of Spanish mission on Commandeur suggests closing the river above the Falls, on account of ill-conduct of traders [A°cting-Commahdeur reports no Spanish mission on Cuyuni B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 45-6 V.C. II, 96-7 B.C., 97,113 B.C Ap. II, 46 B.C., 39 B.C. Ap. II, 49 V.C. II, 98 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. II, 46, 130, 131 B.C., 114 B.C Ap. II, 58 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 59 B.C. Ap. II, 57 V.C. II, 101 B.C. Ap. II, 57-8 V.C. II, 101 V.C, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 55 V.C, 108 B.C.C. Ap., 190 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C Ap. II, 69 93 • Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1750 1754 1755 17561757 1757 -85 1757 1758 Overland trade to missions by, refused by Dutch Reference to overland trade in horses from Orinoco Allegation that Spaniards came down the Cuyuni to trade cf. Missions reported by Acting Commandeur as nearer the Spanish than to the Dutch territories ; the last Mission being constructed was on the Imataka River Map of the river supplied to Spanish by Dutch deserter, N. Collaert Caribs of, guarding passage Indians of, organised under whites and Creoles against Guayana Spies sent by Dutch up Possible post at Quive Kuru The Panacays from up, come down to settle round Dutch post on Spaniards alleged to be approaching on . . The road (Courthial's ?) from mission area to Cuyuni still open Alvarado reports that he did not penetrate to, " for political reasons " Suggestion by Burr of presence of Spaniards to south of Claimed by Dutch Governor Trade route of Caribs from Orinoco mouth, via Caroni and Yuruari, to Dutch of Essequibo Post at Tokoropatti on Post within Dutch jurisdiction Reported presence of white men at Wenamu Caribs of, not [permitted to attack Spaniards Postholder in, to watch Spaniards Spaniards not to be allowed to pass Caribs of, under Dutch jurisdiction Instructions to postholder of Postholder to regulate trade in Postholder Neuman dismissed aud sent back to Europe B.C. Ap. II, 69 B.C.C, 74 V.C, 121 B.C.C. Ap., 196 V.A. II, 646 B.C. Ap. II, 68 B.C. Ap. II, 69 V.C. II, 107 B.C, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C., 97, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 100 B.C. Ap.II, 97 V.C. Ap. I, 116 V.C, 121 B.C, 44, 95 B.C. Ap. II, 119 V.C. II, 119 B.C. Ap. II, 108 B.C., 45 B.C. Ap. II, 1 08 V.C.C. II, 165 B.C., 44, 47 B.C. Ap. II. 119 V.C. II, 119 B.C. Ap. II, 109 B.C C, 81 B.C.C. Ap , 202 B.C.C, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 180 B.C.. 45 B.C. Ap. II, 130 BC, 97, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 130, 131 B.C, Ap. IV, 24 B.C. Ap. II, 118 V.C II, 127 B.C., 113 B.C Ap. II, 130, 131 B.C., 87 B.C. Ap. IV, 24 B.C. Ap. IV, 24 B.C. Ap II 139 94 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1758 j De la Garriga proposes to place fortified Spanish mission of Akawois on the Cuyuni below the mouth of the Curumu Spanish raid on Dutch post in (for details, see under Raids, Spanish) Raid said to have been an assertion of Spanish right Gravesande said not to have treated it as territorial trespass Spanish claim to, by Provisional Governor of Cumana refuted by Dutch authorities Spanish authorities order withdrawal of the missions from De la Garriga refers to Dutchmen living and trading at mouth of Curumu A Dutchman, Jacobs, said to be living at Curamucuru in Dutch advance in, referred to by Iturriaga Caribs said, by Iturriaga, to be leaving . . " The Dutch continue doing somewhat in " [F.Bisbal] Claim by Director-General as indisputably Dutch Dutch trade in, for Indian slaves Tampoco, a Creole trader up in Cuyuni, charged, before Essequibo Court of Justice, with offence in that river 1759 1760 Director-General reports Spaniards said to be remaining in Claimed as a branch of the Essequibo, and therefore Dutch The Director-General explains importance of, to Dutch West India Company request sketch of . . Claimed by Dutch Ambassador as Dutch . Dutch plantations1 in .. .. , Reported on by Director-General . . Director-General claims as Dutch, as being arm of Essequibo Road through, open to runaway slaves since Cuyuni raid Dutchman Stedevelt fined by Court of Justice for criminal assault on Indian in Upper Cuyuni Half-free Creoles living in Settlement as to ownership of, delayed by death of King of Spain 1761; Spaniards said to be at lowest fall B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C.C Ap., 199 B.C. Ap. II, 143-4, 150-70 V.A. II, 494 V.A. II, 495 B.C., 49 B.CAp., 169-170 V.C, 158 V.C. II, 126, 324 B.C.C. Ap., 199 B.C, 15 B.C. Ap. II, 145-6 B.C. Ap. II, 150 B.C. Ap. II, 171 V.C.C. Ill, 68 B.C.C Ap., 199 B.C. Ap. II, 144 B.C.C. Ap., 201 B.C.C. Ap., 198 V.C, 148 V.C II, 133 B.C. Ap. II, 172, 175, 180 V.C. II, 138 B.C. Ap. II, 172, 175, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 181 V.C. II, 138 V.C. II, 135 B.C. Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 184-5 B.C. Ap. II, 185 V.C. II, 140 B.CAp. II, 186, 197 V.C, 129 V.C. II, 142-3 B.C, 86, 114 B.C. Ap. II, 182-3 B.C. Ap. II, 185 V.C. II, 140 B.C. A p. II, 201 V.C, 149 V.C. II, 145 Cuyuni River.] 95 Cuyuni River — continued. 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 (193) This incident wrongly attributed to the year 1732 Director-General complains that it is in a state of disturbance owing to Spanish interference with the Indians there Observance of passport system within, ordained by Court of Justice Post stated to have been far within Company's territory Director-General reports that Spaniards (Spanish Indians ?) still visiting, disturbing and keeping away the Dutch Indians Temporary withdrawal of Caribs from . . Spaniards said to be building boats in Deserters arrested by Creuitz on . . Claimed as a lawful possession of the Dutch Zeeland Chamber proposes again to address States-General on affairs in Director-General reports still without Indians, on account of Spanish action Re-establishment of Post in, recommended by Director-General Men sent out by the Company for Post at Re -establishment of Post in, defend Iill after suppression of slave revolt Difficulty of re-establiehiug Post in Indians protected in returning to Post in Arrangement with Caribs for station in . . Spaniards near indigo plantation in Aim of Spaniards in attacking, discussed. . Diguja on danger to Spanish missions from Caribs of Rumoured descent of by white man Description of, by Director-General Caribs said to be afraid to enter Rumour of mission between Massaruni and Measures for restoring the Post Creole Tampoko stationed on Approved by ZeelaDd Chamber Zeeland Chamber order Post to be restored 2 B V.A. II, 398-9 B.C. Ap. II, 201-2 B.C Ap. II, 202 B.C. Ap. II, 199 V.C. II, 144 B.C Ap. IT, 211, 214, 217 V.C II, 147, 149 B.C. Ap. II, 217 B.C.C, 104 V.C, 14H V.C. II, 151 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 211 V.C. II, 147 B.C Ap. II, 211 V.C II, 147, 149 B.C. Ap. II, 228 V.C, 149 B.C. Ap. II, 221 V.C. II, 152 B.C. Ad. II, 225 V.C 11, 153 B.C. Ap. II, 228 V.C II, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 117, 118 V.C. II, 159 B.C, 114 B.C Ap. Ill, 118 B.C. Ap. Ill, 106 B.C Ap. Ill, 110 B.C. Ap. Ill, 109 B.C.C. 104 B.C. Ap. Ill, 64 B.C. Ap. Ill, 116 V.C. II, 158 B.C Ap. Ill, 107 V.C. II, 156 V.C, 150 V.C. II, 161 B.C. Ap. Ill, 122, 128 V.C. II, 162 B.C. Ap. Ill, 131 B.C. Ap. Ill, 135 B.C Ap. Ill, 134-5 96 Cuyuni River.] -Cuyuni River— continued. 1766 1767 1768 1769 Pierre Martyn engaged as Postholder, . . Post established on new site Post said to be nnt above Tokoro island . . British claim for site of, accepted by Venezuela [Burr] Protestant soldiers required for . . Instructions to Postholder at Indian of, calls in Spanish Indians Director-General still complains that there are no Indians in, since the raid Reported refusal of Indians to obey Postholder Director-General on Post in Protection of Post in, insisted upon by West India Company Post designed to stop Spaniards spying into Cuyuni and Massaruni Indians, as Dutch subjects in, ordered to keep the peace Dutch turtle business in Unfounded rumour of raid on post in Refusal of Indians to live at post in, unless with Dutchman as Postholder Reported quiet by Director-General Director-General urges importance of strengthening Director-General complains as to " no Indians in " Director-General fears losing possession of Suggested removal of the Post to Toenamoeto Immemorial Dutch possession of and post in, affirmed in Kemonstrance Dutch possession of, denied in Spanish depositions Dutch Post in, referred to by De la Garriga as eight days up from mouth Dutch Post at Cuiba (1758) said by Spanish missionaries to have been 70 leagues from nearest Missions B.C. Ap. IV, 2, 42 B.C., 51-2 B.C. Ap. Ill, 138-9 V.C, 123 V.C. II, 164 V.C, 123 V.C.C, 57 V.C.C, 58 V.C.C. II, 167,171 B.C. Ap. Ill, 129 V.C. II, 164 B.C., 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 136 B.CC, 97 B.C. Ap. Ill, 129 B.C. Ap. Ill, 158 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143 V.C, 124, 151 B.C. Ap. Ill, 142 B.C. Ap. Ill, 154 B.C. Ap. Ill, 140, 149, 150 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. Ill, 142, 150 B.C Ap. Ill, 152 B.C Ap. Ill, 142 150, 152 V.C, 123 n. V.C. II, 169 B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 162 B.C. V.C. B.C. V.C. Ap. Ill, 164 II, 176 Ap. Ill, 175 II, 176 B.C. Ap. IV, 4 B.C. Ap. IV, 6 V.C, 131 V.C. II, 184 B.C Ap, IV, 15 B.C, 54 B.C. Ap. IV, 29 B.A., 39 B.C. Ap. IV, 48, 51, 54, 58, 61, 64 B.C. Ap. IV, 23 B.CAp. IV, 48, 51, 55, 58, 62, 65, 71 97 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1769 1770 Garriga doubts missionary right to penetrate into Garriga says Dutch regard it as theirs . . Director-General reports on Dutch Post in Post reported by Company as defence towards the Spanish side Postholder on, moved to Toenoma ( = Toenamoeto) rapids Shifting of the Post treated as abandonment Rumoured Spanish raid on Dutch Post in Rumoured Spanish Missions on (Grave sande's anxiety) " The old Spanish mission . . . situated at two or three hours' distance from the banks of the Cuyuni, in a creek flowing into that river " 1771 1772 1773 Director-General sends up to reconnoitre B.C. Ap. IV, 4 rumoured mission in Complaints concerning, in Dutch Remon- V.C. II, 198 strance B.C Ap. IV, 23 B.C Ap. IV, 23 B.C. Ap. IV, 1 V.C II, 182 B.C. Ap. IV, 37 V.C. II, 209 B.C. Ap. IV, 15 V.C, 124 V.C, 124 B.C. Ap. IV, 15 V.C II, 189 B.C. Ap. IV, 3 V.C. II, 180 B.C. Ap. IV, 4 V.C. II, 182 Mission above Post in, " apparently on Spanish territory " (Remonstrance) Spanish missions in, denied in Spanish depositions Remonstrance complains of kidnapping in Indians hired to clear bread garden at Post Dutch settlements in, close to mouth of Curiimo Dutch Post in, at Toenamoeto Director - General desires to move Post gradually up stream Gravesande's belief in Spanish Missions in Garriga does not know, and never heard of any Spanish Fort on Dutch jurisdiction denied by De la Garriga Spanish Post in, denied by Centurion Centurion denies Dutch occupation of Forests of, called by Centurion the nursery of the Missions Spanish Missions stated by Centurion to be accessible to Dutch by Dutch settler (Siraut Destouches) living on Death of Postholder Jan van Witting at Post of Dutch Post in, alleged to have been finally abandoned Postholder at B.C. Ap. IV, 30 B.C. Ap. IV, 48, 51, 55, 58, 62, 65 B.C. Ap. IV, 15, 29 B.C. Ap. IV, 16 B.C., 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 23 B.C. Ap. IV, 46, 76 B.C. Ap. IV, 46 B.C. Ap. IV, 45 B.C Ap. IV, 48 V.C. II, 373 B.C. Ap. IV, 47 V.C. II, 372 B.C Ap. IV, 71 B.C. Ap. IV, 70 B.C. Ap. IV, 71 B.C. Ap. IV, 89 B.C. Ap. IV, 96 V.C, 125 V.A. II, 652 B.C Ap. IV, 108 Cuyuni River.j 98 Cuyuni River — continued. 1777 1778 1779 1785 1787 1788 1789 1790 17911792 Uncultivated but for van der Heyden's plantation at mouth of Attendance at the Fort of Indian chiefs from Inciarte informed that Caribs of, visit Pomeroon Dutch Post on Existence of Post on, denied Fray de Cevera makes an "entrada" to Cuyuni and bags 81 souls Post at junction with Uruan recommended by Mataro Dutch Post on Marmion on Dutch traversing, despite the " falls " Post voluntarily discontinued by the Dutch Visited by de la Puente Marmion reports, ' It has some rapids or reefs which cause some difficulty in its direct navigation, but t.he Dutch traverse. it in canoes, pirogues, and feluccas . . . . (and) affords easy and short communication .... every time they waiit to inspect our possessions." He adds that the Dutch have Post 25 leagues up Marmion suggests escort should be col lected on Southern side suggested by Marmion for settlements 1799 Cario chief watchman for Dutch on (Mar mion) A free passage to the Dutch (Gil) Dutch Post at Onororama on Cuyuni men tioned by Puente Absence of Spanish control between Essequibo and Fort at mouth of Curumu " ordered " A Spanish sentry-box at . . Proximity of Tumeremo to De la Puente required to report on Alleged Spanish Post on right bank of, opposite the Curumu Spanish alleged expenditure in Spanish expenditure in B.C. Ap. IV, 184 B.C, 90 B.C. Ap. IV, 187 B.C.C. Ap., 237 B.C Ap. V, 31 B.C.C, 82 V.A. II, 431 V.C.C. Ill, 107 B.C., 58 B.C. Ap. V, 85 B.C. Ap. V, 53 B.C.C, 82 B.C Ap. V, 53-4 B.C.C, 98 B.C.C, 97 B.C. Ap. V, 101 B.C.C, 97 V.C. II, 463 B.C., 58 B.C. Ap. V, 53-4 V.CC. Ill, 114 B.C. Ap. V, 67 B.C. Ap. V, 62 B.A., 40 B.C. Ap. V, 106 B.C. Ap. V, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 75 V.C. 111,401,402 V.C. Ill, 401 V.C.C. Ill, 149 V.C.C. Ill, 151 B.C. Ap. V, 141 B.C.C, 99 V.C, 153 V.A. II, 422 V.C.C III. 153 V.C.C. Ill, 155 99 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River— continued. 1800 Spanish troops of, Inciarte's return of V.C. II, 485 , j \"v .. «¦ 1809 » !l )) !> V.C. II, 486 1803 -50 British Post at junction of Massaruni and Essequibo with V.C, 169 V.C. Ill, 357 1807 Postholder of Moruka sent up, to con ciliate the Indians B.C.C Ap., 264 1808 Permit by British authorities to cut wood on B.C. Ap. V, 191 1810 Timber-cutting in . . B.C. Ap. V, 194 1814 -50 Alleged abandonment by British V.A. II, 667-8 1818 Indians in, on list for military service B.C., 112-14 VI, 9, 12, 21 B.A., 40 1820 Traversed by Smith and Gullifer V.C. Ill, 332 1823 Complaint by Postholder against unlicensed cutting of timber in B.C.C. Ap., 271 1831 Country settled to falls of . . B.C., 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 1832 Journey 5 days up, by Missionary Arm strong B.C.A. VI, 49 1833 British missionaries on B.A., 40 B.C. Ap. VI, 49 Migration of Venezuelan Indians to B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 49 B.C.C, 111 Indians consider, British territory B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 49 Fromier considered to be at head of B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 50 1835 Former Dutch post on, described by Schom burgk B.C. Ap. VII, 28 V.C, 170 1839 Magisterial visit of Superintendent Crichton to B.C. Ap. VI, 86-7 Indians in ; reference to Postholder's return of B.C. Ap. VI, 87 1840 B C Ap. VI, 90 Visited magisterially by Superintendent King, who takes census in B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C.C. Ap., 289 1841 Path across watershed to, from Barama, followed by Schomburgk B.C. Ap., VII, 27 Schomburgk's report on visit to, from Acarabisi down B.C. Ap. VII, 28-30 Schomburgk on difficulty of falls of B.C. Ap. VII, 30 Inaccurately laid down in maps previous to Schomburgk B.C. Ap. VII, 30 Residents aud woodcutters in B.C., 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 104 Superintendent King visits and acts magisterially in B.C. Ap. VI, 108 Reached by Schomburgk (from Barama) at the Acarabisi R. B.C, 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 27 (193) 2 C 100 Cuyuni River.] Cuyuni River — continued. 1841 1843 1850 1857 1860 1863 186618791866 188418871889 1890 1891 1896 Descended by Schomburgk from Acarabisi B.C., 66 downward Reached by Schomburgk from Roraims, B.C., 67 and across Massaruni-Cuyuni watershec B.C. Ap. VII, 49-51 Descended by Schomburgk from Wenami B.C., 67 River downward Schomburgk on watershed of, with Mas saruni, north of Koraima Rumour in Bolivar that "Fuerte Antiguof VC III, 140 had been occupied by British Proposal to open route from • Essequibc B.C. Ap. VI, 203 through, to gold fields Proposal forbidden by Venezuelans . . Traversed by Holmes and Campbell McClintock finds gold in . , Alleged first British attempt to occupy land on Grant of land for gold mining in . . Gold mining commenced in New lode found by Gold Company in im Thurn on Government attitude towards mining in Reconstruction of Gold Company in, pre vented by effect of Government notice Included in concession to Gordon. . Suggested Venezuelan protest as to mining between Massaruni and B.C. Ap.VII, 28-30 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VI, 50 Gold mining on . . . . . Alleged Venezuelan usurpation on Upper. . Venezuelan pretension to establish adminis tration about mouth of Assertion of British claim, by right, to whole basin of Venezuelan road to, at mouth of Yuruari, decreed British census Above Uruan, visited by McTurk Venezuelans prospecting for gold at Simiri. on Right bank of, distinctly claimed by British British Police Station near mouth of Yuruari suggested by Secretary of State McTurk instructed to arrange for adminis- B.C. Ap. VI, 249 tration of British regulations on, to mouth of Yuruari Survey of road from, to Barama V.C.C. Ill, 188 B.C., 72 B.C.C. Ap., 203-4 V.C.C, III, 189, 190 V.C. Ill, 338 V.C, 181 V.C. Ill, 339 V.C. Ill, 339 V.C. Ill, 339 V.C, 182 V.C. Ill, 151, 154 V.C. Ill, 340 B.C. Ap. VI, 223 V.C. III. 185 B.C.C, 123 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 B.C. Ap. VII, 140 E.C. Ap. VII, 137 B.C. A p. VI, 250 V.C. Ill, 172, 173 B.C., 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 252 B.C Ap. VI, 248, 252 B.C. Ap. VI, 255-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 250 B.C., 77 101 Cuyuni River— Cuyuni Post.] Cuyuni River— continued. 1897 - Indian tradition of British rights to B.C. Ap. VII, 225, 229, 232 Indian assertion of no Spaniards living on B.C. Ap. VII, 228-9 1849 -50 Gov. Barkly on remains of Dutch occupa tion B.C. Ap. VII,. 235 1897 McTurk on remains of Dutch occupation B.C. Ap. VII, 233 Remains of Dutch indigo tanks on . . B.C Ap. VII, 239-42 B A ., 50 Extent of present Venezuelan settlement on B.A., 52 (British period). Timber-cutting in , . B.C, 112 Post in, said to be unimportant V.A. II, 652 Said not to be seat of political control V.A. II, 487-491 Suggestion that Dutch did not regard the Post as within their territory V.A. II, 488 Post not maintained for 50 years V.A. II, 487 Only evidence of actual Dutch occupation V.CC, 24 Said to be ineffectual attempts of the Dutch V.C, 121 VC, 117 Maintenance of posts in, denied V.C.C, 23 Site marked on Codazzi's map, 1840 .. V.C, 171 At Tokoro ; Indian tradition in 1841 of . . B.C. Ap. VII, 22 Claim for Schomburgk's site of Post at, alleged to be abandoned V.C.C, 57 1703 " Up in the (Pariacot) Savannah six weeks by water ; " AUart Lammers, Postholder [Burri B.C., 31 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 V.C II. 70 V.C.C. II, 150-152 1746 New Post proposed B.C., 47 B.C Ap. II, 44 1747 Inventory of stock at Post. . . . , . V.C. II, 297 1755 New Post established (between mouth of Curumo and Acarabisi ?) B.C., 44, 47 B.CAp. 11,119; VII, 162 1755 -7 Of Cuyuni, Johannes Newman, Postholder B.C. Ap. II, 130; VII, 162-3 1757 Of Cuyuni at Tokoropati B.C. Ap. II, 130 B.C.C Ap., 199 Instructions to Postholder at . . B.C. Ap. II, 168 V.C II, 126 1758 On Cuyuni, complained of by De la Garriga B.C., 46 B.C Ap. II, 146 B.C.C. Ap., 200-1 102 Cuyuni Post.] Cuyuni Post — continued. l.,iXi.sl 'i . . \?!:' v>-~- li - -; : - 1758 Said to be at Curamacuru B.C. Ap. II, 150 V.C II, 308 At a point variously called Cuiba or Aguigua, at time of Spanish raid B.C., 48 B.C Ap. II, 165 B.C.C, 81 B.C.C. Ap., 202 B.C. Ap. II, 166, 167 Distance of, from Mission of Yuruari B.C Ap. II, 160, 162-4 Yan Firmant (Johann Newmann) had been Postholder ; succeeded by Esteban (Stephen Iske or Hiz) B.C. Ap. VII. 163 B.C.C. Ap., 163, 198, 201 Postholder declares the post to have been held " many years " B.C. Ap II, 166, 168 Instructions to Postholder of . . , . B.C. Ap. II, 168-9 Spanish raid on, De la Garriga reports to Iturriaga B.CC. Ap., 200-1 Director-General reports Spanish raid on. . B.C. Ap. II, 143-4 Director-General flatly denies that raided Post was on Spanish ground B.C. Ap. II, 144 Not abandoned after Spanish raid of B.C., 15 Strength of this post B.C. Ap. II, 165 Suggested site of, between mouth of Curumu R. and the Acarabisi [suggestion criticised] B.C., 47 V.C.C, 57 1759 State of, after Spanish raid B.C. Ap. II, 172, 176 1760 -71 Fragments of accounts paid for B.C. Ap. VII, 177 1760 Not yet restored after raid B.C. Ap., 197 1761 Crewitz appointed to perform duties of Postholder B.C. Ap. II, 202 1763 Director-General reports on this as tempo rarily abandoned, but of great importance B.C. Ap. II, 227 V.C. II, 154 1762 -6 Post entered in returns, but Postholders' names omitted B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5 1763 Proposed re-establishment of . . B.C. Ap. II, 221, 225 Director-General defers re-establishment of, till suppression of slave revolt B.C. Ap. II, 228 1764 Uses of . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 109, 110 Difficulty of re-establishing B.C. Ap. III. 117, 118 1766 Zeeland Chamber order replacement of . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 134 Re-established on new site [Burr] B.C, 49, 51-2 B.C. Ap. Ill, 137-8 V.C.C' II, 224 1766 -8 Pierre Martyn, Postholder B.C. Ap. VII, 166-7 1766 Pierre Martyn, the new Postholder, ordered to B.C. Ap. Ill, 137 V.C. II, 167 Provisional instructions to Postholder in . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 136 Cuyuni Post— Darien.] 103 Cuyuni Post— continued. 1766 Illness of Postholder of 1767 1768 1769 1770 Cyriac, Warow Indian, Bari ma River Da Costa, Joze Joaquim Victoria de D'Anville. See under " A " , Darien (193) 1771 178,5. 1788 1790 Postholder of, to build dwellings . . Further delay in erecting Post inadmis sible With Postholder and two assistants (Gerrii; v. Leeuwen and Jan v. Wittingen) Indians ; complaints of insubordination of Director-General dwells on importance oi Necessity of, insisted on . . Post in In order Paul Vermeere and Jan van Wittingen as assistants Post entered as " vacant " , Shifted to Toenamoto [Burr] Not in danger ^.C Ap. Ill, 138 V.C. II, 167 B.C. Ap. Ill, 137 V.C II, 167 B.C Ap. Ill, 134 V.C. II, 165 B.C., 52 B.C. Ap.VII, 166, 177 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143 V.C. II, 170, 173 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 B.C. Ap. Ill, 154 B.C Ap. Ill, 164 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176 V.C. II, 170 B.C. Ap. VII, 167 B.C. Ap. VII, 167 B.C., 59 V.C. II, 189 V.C.C. II, 224 1780 -3 1688 New site objected to, by Gravesande J. van Wittingen and Gerrit Dirkse van Leeuwen as assistants Wittingen, acting as Postholder, dies at the Post Suggestion to appoint Dyk as Postholder at Mention of, in Spanish document, as 20 to 25, leagues up the River De la Puente reports rumour of, at Onore- rama Declaration of Employed on Brazilian Boundary Com mission B.C. Ap. IV, 45 V.C. II, 215 B.C. Ap. IV, 45 V.C, 124 V.C. II, 215 B.C. Ap. VII, 168 B.C. Ap.VII, 177 V.C. II, 189 B.C., 52 B.C. Ap. V, 31 B.C.C, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 53 B.C.C, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 75 B.C. Ap. VII, 231 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 Treaty of Munster referred to, with 'B.C.C, 50 reference to Alleged company for 2 D |B.C Ap. I, 205 104 Darien— Declaration.] Darien— continued Debbaut, Jan . . Declaration, Evidence by 1688 1699 Spanish complaints as to designs on Assistant Postholder at Wakepo . . 1700 I Postholder at Wakepo Addison, Alexander, Grantholder, Aruka River Atkinson, William, Schoolmaster, Moruka River Baker, A. H, Inspector of Police, British Guiana Baker, Captain A. W., Inspector of Prisons, British Guiana Barkly, Sir Henry, Ex-Governor of British Guiana, , Blackburn, George, Huckster and Grant- holder, Barima River Boyle, Sir Cavendish, Government Sec retary, British Guiana Bridgewater, H. B., Grantholder Barima River Bunbury, Akawoi Indian Burriburrikutu, Warow Indian Callietro, Bautista, Arawak Indian Campbell, Angus, Carpenter Pomeroon River Cameron, D. G, Clerk in Government Secretariat, British Guiana Cayamarica, Akawoi Indian . , Cephas, Peter, Carib Indian Cornellissen, Georgina, Indian, Massaruni River Cyriac, Warow Indian Eliot, E. C, Clerk to Government Agent . . Grant, S. C. N., Major R.E., Intelligence Department Griffiths, Simon, Arawak Indian Ingles, Jacobus, Akawoi Indian im Thurn, E. F., Government Agent, N.W.D., British Guiana Issokura, Arawak Indian Jaime, Jose Robeiro, Arawak Indian Johnson, Stephen, Akawoi Indian V.C.C. II, 13 B.C.C. Ap., 47-8 B.C Ap. VII, 151 B.C.C. Ap., 81 B.C. Ap. VII, 212 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C.C. Ap., 405 B.C. Ap. VII, 240 B.C. Ap. VII, 235 B.C. Ap. VII, 211 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.CAp. VII, 215 B.C. Ap. VII, 217 B.C. Ap. VII, 209 B.C. Ap. VII, 213 B.C Ap. VII, 216 B.C. Ap. VII, 241 B.C. Ap. VII, 225 B.C. Ap. VII, 226 B.C. Ap. VII, 227 B.C. Ap. VII, 231 B.C. Ap. VII, 214 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 B.C. Ap. VII, 223 B.C. Ap. VII, 225 B.C. Ap. VII, 236, 242, 244 B.C.C. Ap., 405 B.C. Ap. VII, 219 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 230, 232 Josephs, Samuel, Grantholder, Aruka B.C. Ap. VII 216 River Kwaidawarri, Warow Indian Lewis, F., Carib Indiau B.C. Ap. VII, 211 B.C. Ap. VII, 221 105 Declaration — Demerara River.] Declaration — continued. Delagoa Bay Delamarche. . Dalisle Demerara River 1875 1767? 18231700 1703 1722 Lewis, Z River A., Grantholder, Barima1 B.C Ap. VII, 217 McTurk, Michael, Commissioner onj B.C. Essequibo River „ j B.C Micklethwaite, J. T., Architect Miku, Joseph, Carib Indian. . Neebrowari, Warow Indian Pasqualle, Maria, Arawak Indian . . Perkins, II. I., Commissioner of Mines, British Guiana Romero, Carib Indian . . . . . . Rosario, Jose, Arawak Indian Schade, Mathias, Arawak Indian Thompson, Thomas, Akawoi Indian Waiakumma, Warow Indian Waiaree, Carib Indian Watson, John, W'arow Indian Wells, Robert, Grantholder, Amakuru River Arbitration as to . . . . . . . . Map by Map by 1672 1691 17001767 1812 1823 RightoF Essequibo Colony to, acknowledged by Berbice Colony of . . . . Adriaen Provo, Postholder, with one soldier 1699- Amos van Groenewegen, Postholder, under Commandeur of Essequibo Claimed by Amsterdam Chamber as not under Zeeland Chamber United with that of Essequibo Hilhouse's estimate of Post at Seba B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C B.C. B.C.B.C.B.C B.C. Ap. VII, 233, 234, 240 C Ap., 401 Ap. VII, 242 Ap. VII, 228 Ap. VII, 220 Ap. VII, 223 Ap. VII, 241 Ap. VII, 230 Ap. VII, 222 Ap. VII, 221 Ap. VII, 218 Ap. VII, 209 Ap. VII, 229 Ap. VII, 224 Ap. VII, 210 B.C, 152, 155, 156 V.A. II, 600-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 32 V.C.C II, 282, 310 B.C. Ap. VII, 370-1 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 10 V.C. Atlas, p. 36 V.C.C, 285-290, 293 B.C., 139 V.C. Atlas, p. 37 B.C Ap. VII, 2-18 V.C.C II, 285-90, 93 B.C. Atlas, p. 12 B.C. Ap. VII, 350-1 V.C. Atlas (extract), p. 38 V.CC. II, 285-290, 293 B.CC. Ap., 45 B.C, 7 B.C Ap. VII, 150 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 B.C.C. Ap., 54, 76, 85, 107 B.C. Ap. Ill, 147 V.C II, 171 V.C, 174 V.C. Ill, 324-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 24 106 Derby — Deserters.] Derby, Lord. Diplomacy. See under Deserters, Slaves . . 1663 17031726 1729 1731 17351738 1743 1744 1749 1750 Arawaks employed by Dutch to recapture Routes of escape of . . Posts on Cuyuni aud Moruka to intercept Significance of Dutch pursuit of, discussed Recapture represented as winked at by Spaniards Recaptured by help of Indians Arrested in Waini . . . . Twenty-three red slaves run away from P. de la Riviere to Orinoco The Spanish in Orinoco refuse to return the deserters to Dutch Secretary Gelskerke reports on frequent escape of Dutch slaves to Orinoco Negotiations with Government of Trinidad as to Intended proclamation of pardon to, and its effects The Company recommends renewal of Proclamation anent Arrested in Waini Two killed in Waini by Indians, and their hands brought in Indians of Barima offer to Commandeur to guard' the passage'to Orinoco against negro deserters Commandeur's report on, having established themselves in the forest, but been slain by Indians of Barima Slaves from the Company's indigo planta tion in Cuyuni run away to Orinoco Runaway slaves ; some killed, some brought in by Caribs Spanish Governor proposes cartel for exchange of Governor of Cumana orders payment to Dutch Colony of price of Escape up the Essequibo to the Siparuni Caribs and Akawois called on bj' Com mandeur to recover runaways 1751 Indian of Waini summoned for harbouring 1752 Runaway negroes from Berbice reported to be about Port Arinda B.C., 11 B.C, 92 V.C, 117 V.A. II, 655 V.C, 121 V.A. II, 545 B.CC. Ap., 37 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. I, 226 B.C. Ap.-II, 6 B.C. A p. II, 8 V.C. II, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 8 V.C. II, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 12, 13, 14 B.C. Ap. II, 12, 13 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C., 115 B.C Ap. II, 26 V.C. Ill, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 40 BC, 115 B.C. Ap. II. 42 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 69 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C. Ap. II, 76 Deserters.] 107 Deserters— continued. 1753 1754 17551758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 17641767 (193) 17681769 From Surinam ; intrigue by Spain and Portugal to employ, against Dutch Question of placing Post on Moruka to prevent escape of To Orinoco there sold, and the price paid to Dutch Governor Adopt the sea passage To Orinoco by Moruka ; Burgher's petition as to Object of Posts, partly to prevent runaways Director-General reports receipt from Ori noco of money for runaway slaves Restitution of, promised by Spanish authorities on payment of costs Director-General reports arrangement for return of, by Spanish authorities almost settled Sea coast guarded by Caribs against escape of Deserters from Plantation Achterkerke still at large Director-Genend sends expedition to Waini in search of Court of Justice arranges for arrest of, on Cuyuni Director-General considers importance of preventing Dudonjon sent to Orinoco to reclaim Spanish authorities refuse to deliver up . . Arrest of, by Crewitz, on Cuyuni Indians employed by Dutch to prevent . . Intercepted by Caribs Director-General complains of .the roads open to Return of, refused by Spaniards on grounds of religion Diplomatic action as to return of, resolved upon Prospects of return of, discussed . . Spanish refusal to restore Spanish policy as to, declared in deposi tions Countercharge of detention against Dutch B.C Ap, II, 77-84, 86, 87 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 91 V.C, 118 B.C. Ap. II, 123 B.C. Ap. II, 165, 167 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 185 1770 Remonstrance refers to detention of Difficulty of arranging restitution of, dis cussed Escape to Orinoco . . 2 E B.C Ap. II, 186, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 196-7 B.C. Ap. II, 200 B.C. Ap. II, 202 B.C Ap. II, 211, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C. Ap. Ill, 104, 105 B.C Ap. Ill, 158 V.C II, 173 B.C. Ap. III. 140 V.C. II, 169 B.C. Ap. Ill, 149 V.C. II, 172 B.CAp. 111,151,158,177 B.C. Ap. Ill, 181 B.CAp. IV, 49, 50, 53, 56, 60, 62, 66, 68 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 50, 53. 56, 60, 62, 66, 68 B.C. Ap. IV, 31 B.C. Ap. IV, 34 B.C. Ap. IV 76 \ Deserters.] 108 £ eserters. — continued. Deserters. Soldiers and others 1770 1772 1773 17751776 1778 1781 1783 1784 1785 1786 1788 1789 1790 1791 1803 1812 1813 1738 1746 Spanish protection and encouragement of Very large numbers of Dutch escaped slaves in Orinoco Renewed complaints through Dutch Ambassador to Spain To Orinoco Restitution of, necessary Official justification by Spain for harbour ing Dutch deserters Memorial of burgher officers on . . Serious state of Colony owing to . . Expedition to Orinoco to reclaim Indians harbouring Captured not far from Orinoco Essequibo negro captured by Indians in Orinoco and returned Going to Orinoco Proposal to repurchase, from Orinoco B.C. Ap. IV, 7-3 B.C. Ap. IV, 100 V.C. II, 217-8 B.C Ap. IV, 120 V.C. II, 220 B.C. Ap. IV, 108 B.C Ap. IV, 109 B.C. Ap. IV, 135 B.C Ap. IV, 129 V.C. II, 223 B.C. Ap. IV, 175 B.C. Ap. IV, 165, 166 B.C. Ap. IV, 192 B.C. Ap. IV, 191 B.C., 116 B.C. Ap. IV, 217 B.C. Ap. V, 11 B.C. Ap. V, 25 V.C II, 240 Representations by Dutch Ambassador 3.C. Ap. V 22 as to Petition c f colonists as to Continued escape Cartel with Spain again advised Declarations of Moruka Postholder and others concerniug Proposal considered by Court of Policy for armed boats to stop runaways Resolution of States General as to Armed cruiser, near the post of Orinoco, to present Mission to Orinoco concerning return of slaves ; Spaniards refuse to return slaves to British Court of Policy arranges for detention of those arrested by Indians, and brought to Pomeroon Post Schedule of rewards for arrest of. . Three soldiers arrested and brought back from near Waini Nine soldiers desert from Berbice to Ori noco, visiting the plantation of Persik on the way The Spanish had failed to deliver up the deserting Postholder Gobel 1767 j Deserting Postholder and others intercepted : by Indians toward Orinoco B.C Ap. V, 23 B.C. Ap. V, 39 B.C. Ap. V, 41 B.C. Ap. V, 70 V.C. II, 242 B.C. Ap. V, 120 B.C. Ap. V, 122 B.C., 63 B.C. Ap. V, 183-4 B.CC Ap., 268 V.C III, 60 B.C. Ap. II, 26, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. HI, i56 109 D eserters — Diplomatic. ] Deserters -> continued. 1776 Said by Director-General to be guilty of B.C. Ap. IV, 162 raids attributed to Spaniards Desologuren, Don Juan 1637 Memorandum on powers of the Dutch B.C. Ap. I, 77 Destouches, Siraut 1788 Resident ou the Cuyuni B.C. Ap. IV, 96 1779 Report of, on defences of colony B.C. Ap. IV, 208, 209 Suggestion of fort on Arabian coast by . . V.C. II, 235 Maps by V.C. Atlas, pp. 66, 67 V.CC. II, 251, 295 Diary (Official) of Port Kijkoveral 1699-1701 B.C. Ap. I, 214 B.C.C. Ap, 47-158 Diary of Inciarte. See under Inciarte Differential Duties B.C Ap. VII, 139 Barred by Venezuela on goods from British Colonies ; question of abolition of B.C. Ap. VII, 135-7, 142- 144 Diguja, Don Jose de, Gover nor of Cumana On wretched and isolated state of S. Thome in 1720-1 B.C., 32, 38 B.CAp. Ill, 1-52 1759 Governor of Cumana B.C Ap. Ill, 8 1761 Extracts from reports of . . V.C. II, 341 On the Spanish Mission V.C.C. Ill, 74 1763 Report on Guayana B.C, 32, 46 B C Ap III, I 52 V.C. II, 349 Book of Notes by . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 53-77 Report of, index to . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 2, 3 Annex to Report to . . B.C Ap. Ill, 77-103 Map by B.C. Ap. Ill, 2, 4 B.C.C. Atlas, 1 V.A. II, lxii, Ixiii Map prepared by Aparicio B.C. Ap. II, 210 V.C. II, 347 Report not received till after removal to Angostura B.C. Ap. Ill, 2 Describes Santo Thome B.C, 56 B.C Ap. Ill, 40 On trade above and below Guayana B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. Ill, 35 Dijke, Arnold van 1776 -86 Postholder at Wakepo and Moruka B.C. Ap. VII, 170, 171-4, 176 Diocesan Society, Reports of the Guiana 1853 -73 Extracts from, on Missions of Pomeroon, Moruka, &c. B.CC. Ap, 301-2, 304, 306-12 Diplomatic Correspond ence Chapters on . . B.C., 121-135 V.C, 201, 220 B.C.C, 128-9 Venezuelan Argument on . . V.A., 67 Diplomatic] 110 Diplomatic — continued. 1840 1841 Lord Palmerston to Sir R. Ker Porter ; instructs to inform Venezuelan Govern ment of the Schomburgk Survey and to warn against aggression on Indians towards frontier Mr. O'Leary to Senor Smith ; informs according to Lord Palmerston's instruc tions Mr. O'Leary to Lord Palmerston ; re ports Venezuelan Government informed of Schomburgk Survey and warned against aggression Senor Smith to Mr. O'Leary; suggests Treaty of Limits before survey Mr. O'Leary to Lord Palmerston; reports Venezuelans suggest Treaty of Limits before survey Mr. O'Leary to Senor Smith ; states Schomburgk survey probably already begun, and suggests that preliminary survey will facilitate Treaty of Limits Mr. O'Leary to Governor Light ; reports Venezuelan alarm at rumour of British flag flying at Barima and five leagues up Orinoco Governor Light to Lord J. Russell ; for wards Schomburgk's remarks on Vene zuelan rumours of British aggression about Barima Schomburgk to Governor Light ; denies discourtesy to Venezuelans and that Amakuru is situated five leagues up Orinoco Venezuelan Commissioners to Governor Light ; announce arrival iu Grahamstown to confer as to Schomburgk operations Lord Aberdeen to Senor Fortique ; negoti ations should follow, not precede, survey ; denies guard house Senor Fortique to Lord Aberdeen ; pro poses joint Boundary Commission and complains of British guard house about Barima Gov. Light to Venezuelan Commissioners ; is without authority to discuss Vene zuelan boundary question Gov. Light to L. Stanley ; reports arrival of two Venezuelan Commissioners at Georgetown Venezuelan Commissioners to Gov. Light ; recording protest and announcing departure from Georgetown Gov. Light to L. Stanley ; reports departure, after protest, of the Venezuelan Commissioners from George town S. Fortique to L. Aberdeen; comrjlains anent Schomburgk, asks for removal of boundary posts and for explanation of British claim to protect Indians B.C. Ap VII. 71 B.C. Ap VII, 71 B.C. Ap. VII, 71 B.C. Ap VII, 71-2 V.C, 202 V.C. Ill, 194 B.C., 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 71 B.C. Ap. VII, 72 B.C. Ap. VII, 72 B.C. Ap. VII, 72 B.C. Ap. VII, 73 B.C. Ap. VII, 74, 5 B.C. Ap. VII, 74 V.C, 204 B.C. Ap. VII, 73, 4 V.C, 203 V.C. Ill, 197 B.C. Ap. VII, 75 B.C. Ap. VII. 74 B.C. Ap. VII., 76 B.C. Ap. VII, 76 B.C., 123 B.C. Ap. Vii, 77 Diplomatic] -111 Diplomatic — continued. 1841 1842 1843 1814 Venezuelan instructions to S, Fortique as to Hue to be proposed by S. Fortique to L. Aberdeen; desires to negotiate for Boundary Treaty L. Aberdeen to S. Fortique ; acknowledges letters S. Fortique toL. Aberdeen; urges removal of Schomburgk's posts and speedy arrangement as to boundary L. Aberdeen to S. Fortique; explains motives of Schomburgk's posts and inconvenience of removal Aranda, Don F., note by, on Schomburgk ; action in Amakuru O'Leary denies knowledge of British flag at Amakuru Light, Sir H. ; note to S. Aranda as to Schomburgk's survey S. Fortique to Lord Aberdeen; again urges removal of boundary posts ; com- p'ains of British smuggling on frontier Lord Aberdeen to S. Fortique ; will order removal of Schomburgk posts, but " without prejudice " S. Fortique to Lord Aberdeen; urges speedy settlement of boundary, and admits identity of British with former Dutch rights Mr. O'Leary to Foreign Office; question of erection of Venezuelan lighthouse on Barima Point ; refers to Sir R. K. Porter's Note of 1836 Lord Aberdeen to Mr. O'Leary; does not object to Venezuelans removing the Schomburgk posts Foreign Office to Mr. O'Leary ; is unaware of Sir R. K. Porter's action anent Lighthouse at Barima Point, and requests information Mr. O'Leary to Foreign Office; for warding correspondence (d/d 1836) between Sir R. K. Porter and Senor Gallegos, in which incidental suggestion is made of Venezuelan Lighthouse on Barima Point Mr. O'Leary to Foreign Office; reports Schomburgk's posts still in silu S. Fortique to Lord Aberdeen ; asks when the boundary negotiations will commence S. Fortique to Lord Aberdeen ; Resume of boundary question, resulting in claim to Essequibo River as divisional line Lord Aberdeen to S. Fortique ; rebuts argument and conditionally proposes line from Moruka Lord Aberdeen's offer not replied to, after wards withdrawn V.C, 203 B.C. Ap. VII, 77 V.C, 206 B.C. Ap. VII, 78 B.CAp. VII, 78-9 V.C, 206 V.C. Ill, 202-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 79 V.C, 204-5 V.C, 207 V.C, 202 V.C. Ill, 195, 196 V.C, 203 V.C. Ill, 195 V.C, 204 V.C. Ill, 197, 198 B.C. Ap. VII, 79-80 V.C, 207 V.C. Ill, 205-7 B.C., 70 B.C. Ap. VII, 80 V.C, 207 V.C. Ill, 207-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 80-1 B.C. Ap. VII, 81 B.C. Ap. VII, 81 B.C. Ap. VII, 82 B.C Ap. VII, 82-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 85, 86 B.C. Ap. VII, 86 V.C, 207 V.C III, 208 B.C. Ap. VII, 86-8 B.C., 18, 124 B.C Ap. VII, 88-90 V.C, 207-8 B.C., 125 B.C. Ap. VI, 183, 186 (193) 2 F Diplomatic] -112 Diplomatic — crnii nued. 1850 1851 1857 1858 1875 1876 1877 B. H. Wilson reports to Lord Palmerstor a rumour in Caracas that Great Britain proposed to seize Venezuelan Guayana Also reports rumoured Venezuelan intention of placing a fort at Barima and of placing province of Guayana iu a state of defence Palmerston, Lord, protest to Venezuela . . Lord Palmerston to Mr. Wilson, repudiating rumoured designs of Great Britain ou Sp. Guayana, and enjoining maintenance of British position in disputed area B. H. Wilson alludes to Venezuelan tendency to press claims to the " disputed area " B. II. Wilson forwards to Sec. of State British Vice-Consul's report on dis covery of gold on the Yuruari Governor Barkly to Earl Grey, on Vene zuelan pretensions to disputed area Despatch of Sir Henry Light referred to by Governor Barkly, but uot printed in British case Gov. Barkly reports a private Venezuelan lightship stationed off Barima Point, within two years, in place of proposed lighthouse Mr. Wilson to Lord Palmerston ; reports having officially informed Ven. Govt, of position of H.B.M. Government Venezuela officially informed of with drawal of Lord Aberdeen's offer of 1844 Mr. Wilson to S. LecuDa, Venezuelan Minister of Foreign Affairs, formally notifying position of Great Britain Acknowledgment of Governor Barkly denies that jurisdiction was not exercised beyond the Moruka Refers to lapse of British proposal of 1844 Settlement of boundary with Venezuela urged on Secretary of State by Governors Wodehouse and Walker Secretary of State to Governor ; declares lapse of British proposal of 1844 aud instructs as to bearing within Schom burgk line Earl of Derby upholds arrest of Garrett Senor Calcano to Lord Derby; proposes to renew boundary negotiations and claims up to Essequibo S. de Rojas to Lord Derby; stating grounds for rejection of Aberdeen line, and proposing either treaty or mixed commission for conventioral line B.C, 71 B.C. Ap. VI, 178-9 B.C , 71 B.C Ap. VI, 179-80 B.C, 71 B.C. Ap. VI, 180 B C Ap. VI, 180 B.C Ap. VI, 180 B.C Ap. VI, 181-2 B.C Ap. VI, 183-4 V.A. II, 692 B.C. Ap. VI, 183 B.C. Ap. VI, 185-6 B.C, 125 B.C. Ap. VI, 186 B.C Ap. VI, 186-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 188 B.C.C. Ap., 300 B.C.C Ap., 300 B.C. Ap. VI, 202,204, B.C.C. Ap., 305-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 215 B.C., 126 B.C Ap. VII, 90-4 V.C, 209 B.C., 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 94 V.C, 209 V.C, 214-5 Diplomatic] Diplomatic — continued. 1877 Lord Derby to S. Calcafio; promising attention to representations of Vene zuelan Government 1879 ] S. de Rojas to L. Salisbury ; claiming to Essequibo and renewing proposal for Treaty for line either of strict right or of accommodation 1880 1881 1883 1884 1885 L. Salisbury to S. de Rojas ; is willing to consider a line of accommodation Fortique, April 12, 1880, letter to Lord Salisbury by S. de Rojas to L. Granville ; proposes mouth of Moruka as starting point of divisional line S. de Rojas to Lord Granville; pro poses starting point a mile north of Moruka; failing accommodation, sug gests arbitration L. Granville to S. de Rojas ; declining his proposed line, and forwarding memo randum proposing Granville line Granville, Lord, on Importance of Orinoco to Venezuela Granville, Lord, 1881-1883, proposal by, not replied to \u Granville to Col. Mansfield; enu merating the questions between Great Britain and Venezuela, of which that of boundary is chief S. Seijas. Letter to Col. suggesting arbitration Mansfield by. B.C. Ap. VII, 95 B.C., 127 B.C Ap. VII, 95 V.C. 209 B.C, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 96 V.C. 210 V.C. Ill, 218-9 B.C. Ap. VII, 97 V.C. Ill, 218, 219 B.C., 127 B.C. Ap. VII. 98 V.C, 210 B.C., 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 V.C, 210 V.C. Ill, 219-20 V.A., 95 V.C, 23 B.C., 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 101-4 V.C. Ill, 184 B.C., 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 104 B C Ap. VII, 105 V.C, 211 V.C III, 223-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 104 Col. Mansfield to L. Granville; for warding letter Irom S. Seijas, declaring constitutional bar to alienation by Venezuela of territory, and suggesting arbitrat on as only means of settling boundary L. Granville to Col. Mansfield ; instructs that arbitration is inadmissible Seijas, Apr. 2, 1884, letter by Memorandum. Genl. Guzman Blanco to Sir Julian Pauncefote ; proposing in place of arbitration a sprcial Court of Law, to be nominated by Venezuela and Great Britain General Guzman Blanco to L. Granville ; asserts Venezuelan inability to alienate territory, and urges arbitration as sole means of settling the boundary Secretary of State directs Charge d'Affaires at Caracas to request Vene zuelan Government to stop aggression in connection with Manoa Co., west of Amakuru Lord Granville replies to General Guzman B.C., 129 Blanco declining proposal for special B.C Ap. VII, 108 Court of Law B.C Ap. VII, 106-7 V.C, 211 V.C, 211 V.C. III. 224-6 B.C., Ap. Vll, 107 V.C, 212 V.C. Ill, 226-7 B.C Ap. VII, 107-8 B.C. Ap., 232 114 Diplomatic] Diplomatic — continued. 1885 1886 1887 Gen. Blanco, Apr. 6, 1885, project of Treaty by Blanco, June 8, 1885, Draft Treaty sub mitted by L. Granville to Gen, Blanco, submitting amended draft of proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Gen. Blanco to L. Granville and Sir Julian Pauncefote; accepts draft treaty with reservations, but desires that it should provide for arbitration in all matters L. Salisbury to Gen. Blanco; declines to accept Article for general arbitration Blanco, Aug. 5, 1885, reply to Ld. Salisbury by L. Salisbury to Gen. Blanco Gen. Blanco to L. Salisbury ; maintains advisability of Arbitration anent bound ary Gen, Blanco to L. Rosebery; desires, before return to Venezuela, to complete settlement of matters in dispute Rosebery, Lord, despatch of to Mr. St John, announcing that Great Britain will mark out line Action on, suspended by telegraph L. Rosebery to Gen. Blanco; forward ing memo, for settlement of differences and proposing restricted arbitration as regards boundary Letter of Guzman Blanco to Ld. Rosebery on alleged breach of agreement of 1850 by G. Britain Guzman Blanco, memorandum to Lord Rosebery Arbitration, Guzman Blanco on advantage of Rosebery, Lord, proposal of, how met by Venezuela Mr. St. John to L. Iddesleigh; reports President's complaint of British action in Barima and intention to vindicate Vene zuelan rights by placing Lighthouse on Barima Point Venezuelan comment on Mr. St. John's interview with Gen. Guzman Blanco Mr. Stanhope to Governor of British Guiana authorizing issue of gold licences up to Schomburgk line Lord Iddesleigh to Mr. St. John ; offering consent to erection of lighthouse on Barima Piiint, but without prejudice to British rights Mr. St. John to Sir J. Pauncefote ; re porting anew on President's intentions to occupy Barima Point V.C, 212 V.C, III, 227-8 V.C, 212 V.C. Ill, 229 B.C. Ap. VII, 109-13 B.C. Ap. VII, 113-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 114 V.C, 213 V.C. Ill, 231 B.C. Ap., 114-5 V.C, 213 V.C. Ill, 231-2 B.CAp. VII, 115 B.C Ap.VII, 115 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 V.C., 213 V.C. Ill, 159-160 V.C. Ill, 160-161 B.C. Ap. VII, 116-7 V.C, 214 V.C. Ill, 54 V.C. Ill, 234-246 V.C. Ill, 248-252 V.C. Ill, 247, 250, 252 V.C. Ill, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 117-8 V.A., 106 B.C Ap. VI, 237 B.C. Ap. VII, 119 B.C. Ap. VII, 119-121 Diplomatic] 115 Diplomatic — continued. 1887 S. Urbaneja to Mr. St. John ; on Venezuelan] B.C. Ap. VII, 119, 120 rights to Barima (193) 1890 S. Urbaneja to Mr. St. John ; demanding evacuation by British of area between Orinoco and Pomeroon on pain of suspen sion of relations Mr. St. John to Sec. of State; reports Venezuelan Government informed of British consent to erection of lighthouse en Barima Point, but without prejudice Lord Salisbury to Mr. St. John ; instructs demand for evacuation cannot be com plied with S. Urbaneja to Mr. St. John; renews demand for evacuation to Pomeroon, and adds demand for arbitration Mr. St. John to S. Urbaneja; repudiates charges of bad taith Mr. St. John to Lord Salisbury; reports Venezuelans demand, not only evacu ation, but also arbitration . Mr. St. John to Lord Salisbury ; reports Venezuela declines further discussion unless demands for evacuation and arbitration are accepted Mr. St. John to Lord Salisbury ; reporls Venezuela has suspended diplomatic relations Mr. Ousel ey Fitzmaurice left by Mr. St. John in charge, on suspension of diplo matic relations S. Urbaneja to Mr. St. John; recapitulates position and suspends relations Lord Salisbury to Mr. St. John ; recapitu lat.es position, and defends notice in " London Gazette " re Schomburgk line S. Andrade, letter of, to Sir H. T. Irving, re Tebar and Rodil Secretary of State to Governor of British Guiana authorizing concessions and grants within Schomburgk line British Colonial Office to Foreign Office anent Report of Commission of Brazil and Venezuela for delimitation of frontier Granville, Lord, Venezuelan statement that Venezuela had never entertained his proposal Arbitration said to have been proposed by Sir A. Clarke and Capt. Lowther S. M. Urbaneja to Lord Salisbury; states his instructions to renew relations Lord Salisbury's claim to territory within Schomburgk line Sir T. Sanderson claims within Schom burgk line 2 G B.C. Ap. VII, 122 V.C, 217 V.C. Ill, 255-60 B.C. Ap. VII, 124, 125 B.C. Ap. VII, 125 B.C. Ap. VII, 126, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 125, 126 B.C Ap. VII, 127, 128 B.C Ap. VII, 128-132 V.C, 217 B.C Ap. VII, 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 129-132 B.C. Ap. VII, 132, 133 V.A. Ill V.C III, 253 B.C.C. Ap., 312 B.C.C. Ap., 312 V.C. Ill, 184 V.C, 217 B.C. Ap. VII, 134 V.C, 218 V.C, 218 116 Diplomatic— Div ectory. Diplomatic— contin ued. 1890 1893 Diplomatic History of America Director-General. See under Governors, Dutch. Directory of Colony of 1762 Essequibo and Demerara -5 1895 1896 Foreign Office to S. Urbaneja; forwards B.C. Ap. VII, 135 pro memoria of conditions for settle ment (insisting on Schomburgk line, but offering arbitration west of that) S. Urbaneja to Foreign Office ; deprecating pro memoria and declining conditions as to bouudary Foreign Office to S. Urbaneja ; reply to remarks of S. Urbaneja ; again insist ing on Schomburgk line, but offering arbitration westward of that S. Pulido to Foreign Office; announces his appointment as Venezuelan conliden tial agent re boundary matter S. Pulido to Foreign Office ; memorandum on boundary, proposing intervention by United States and a mutual survey of disputed area Foreign Office to S. Pulido ; declining his proposals, and suggesting withdrawal of certain recent Venezuelan decrees S. Pulido to Foreign Office ; announcing his return to Venezuela Michelena on growth of British claims .. S Michelena to Lord Rosebery, fur- warding pro memoria for resumption of diplomatic relations, and especially set tlement of bouudary by reversion to status quo of 1850, followed by joint commission of enquiry, with appeal to ' a judicial arbiter Lord Rosebery to S. Michelena, acknow ledging pro memoria, stipulating for amendments of its proposal, but declin ing status quo of 1850 S. Michelena to Lord Rosebery ; depre cating British attitude, again urging full arbitration and denying Venezuelan breach of arrangement of 1850 Lord Rosebery's reply to arguments < f S. Michelena S. Michelena on change of British view as to nature or Schombuigk line S. Michelena, further arguments of, in favour of arbitration Senor Michelena on proposals of Rosebery Lord, in 1886 Michelena, final letter of, to Lord Rosebery Lord Salisbury to Sir Julian Pauncefote, or. British claim Mr. Olney to Sir Julian Pauncefote By Harnsse Giving boundary to Amakuru R. B.C. Ap.VII, 136-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 137 B.C. Ap. VII, 138 B.C. Ap. VII, 138-9 V.C, 219 V.C. Ill, 284 B.C. Ap. VII, 141 V.C, 219 B.C. Ap. VII, 141 V.C. Ill, 297, 298 B.C Ap. VII, 14:-2 V.C, 219 V.C III, 286 B.C. Ap. VII, 112-3 V.C, 219 V.C III. 287-9 V.A., 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 144-6 V.C. Ap., 290-4 V.C III, 291 V.C. Ill, 297, 298 V.C III, 294-304 V.C. Ill, 298 V.C III, 302-4 V.C.C III, 287-9 V.A., 123 V.A., 63 V.C.C, 117 B.CAp. II, m, 118,212, 213; VII, 164,165 117 Discovery.] Discovery, Rights by. [See, for facts as to discovery iu present case, under Ex ploration.] 1703 Absolute right by, repudiated by — Argentine Republic Portugal Great Britain . . . . . . . . United States of America . . Set up by Dutch (1664) as a right in Charter to West India Company by England ,„ by Russ (in Alaska) by Spain and Portugal A good source of title in North America. . Application of, in case of Caroline Islands of New Netherlands Requirement of occupation after Occupation (intention of) requires tangible expression Question of • reasonable period required to perfect Title of second comer in competition with Opinion of text writers as to rights con ferred by Marshall, C.J. . , Hume Wheaton Vattel . . Westlake Twiss, V.A. . , Hall on tests of effective occupation after Of coast by Columbus (1498) Of all America by Spaniards . . Claims by Spain on ground of . . . . Alleged to be completed by Spain in Guiana Applicable to Guiana as a unit A basis of the Venezuelan claim . . No sufficient ground for right to disputed territory Alleged concessions in British Case as to rights by Lapse of Spanish title by, recognised by Delisle's map (Mallet-Prevost) B.C, 151-2 B.C., 152 B.C., 152-3 B.C., 153 V.A., 194 V.A., 193 V.A., 194 V.A., 194 V.A., 186 V.A., 232 V.A., 222 V.A., 199 VA., 201 V.A., 228 V.A. I, 199; II, 723-5 B.C., 150, 151 V.A., 189 V.A., 191 V.A., 194 V.A., 199 V.A., 204 V.A., 210 V.A., 202 V.C, 35 V.C, 36 B.C., 151 V.CC, 35 V.A., 177-238 V.A., 198 V.A., 213 B.C., 123 B.A., 3 V.C, 221, 229 B.A., 6 V.A., 196 V.A., 182-4 V.C.C II, 287 118 Discovery — Dudonjon.] Discovery — continued. 1844 Disputed Area 1876 1884 1886 1887 1890 Districts named from rivers Divina Pastora. See under Missions, Spanish. Dixon, G. G Doe v. Campbell Doensen, Jan Does, van der Donacq, Jaques Doom, Abram van, Councillor Dost, Frederic Dowacaima Fall . . Drio Indians . . Dudonjon, Jan 1893 S. Fortique on rights of Spain by . . Bearing of, Lord Aberdeen's view S. Calcano on rights of Spain by . . Lord Aberdeen on Spam's alleged rights by Alleged limits of Question as to Venezuelan right to arrest in Lord Rosebery's proposal to define, as lying between the Rojas and the Granville lines S. Urbaneja claims that only between Pomeroon and Essequibo is Lord Salisbury's reference to British pro posal (1886) for definition of (as between the Rojas and Granville lines of 1881) Survey of, by mixed Venezuelan and British commission, proposed by Sefior Pulido Lord Rosebery on British view as to defini tion of S. Michelena on Venezuelan view as to 1894 1663 1664 1599 1740 -1 1754 1761 -5 1841 1843 (e.g., Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo as names of districts) Account of journey from Morawhana up Cuyuni On difficulties of Cuyuni Quoted on definite boundaries being re quired by adverse holders Mentioned in connection with Pomeroon Colony Selection of land at Browershoek on Essequibo by Dutch Armada of . . Postholder on upper Essequibo (succeeded van der Burg) Allowed to cut timber on Waini but not on Pomeroon B.C., 123 B.C Ap. VII, 86 B.C., 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 88 B.C. Ap. VII, 91 B.C. Ap. VII, 89 V.A., 90-1 B.C. Ap. VII, 118 B.C Ap. VII, 116 B.C. Ap. VII, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 133 B.C. Ap. VII, 139 B.C. Ap. VII, 143 B.C. Ap. VII, 145 B.C. 7 V.C. Ill, 249-353 V.C, 31 V.A , 371 B.C.C. Ap., 41 B.C. Ap. I, 162 V.C. II, 35 V.A., 262 B.C. Ap. II, 32, 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 159-60 B.C. Ap. II, 92 Postholder at Moruka Schomburgk on At sources of Essequibo; visited by Schomburgk 1 762 A settler sent by Dutch Director-General to Orinoco, but refused permission to land at Guayana B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 26 B.C. Ap. VII, 54-5 B.C. Ap. II, 212-13 V.C II, 148 Dudonjon— Dutch Action.] 119 Dudonjon — continued. Duke, Rev. John . . D'Urban, Governor Sir Ben jamin Dutch Action in Guiana . 1762 183418411824 1827 1828 1880 1831 15811604 1613 1614 1615 1621 -48 1629 1631 1634 Zeeland Chamber proposes to bring the affair before States-General Letter to Governor on state of Pomeroon. . Early supervision of Pomeroon Mission ; death of, referred to Abolishes office of Quarter-Master General of Indians Proclamation revising military laws On the boundary Letter to Earl Bathurst on aboriginal Indian affairs Letter to Viscount Goderich on Crown Lands His map of the Crown Lands of the Colony Sanctions establishment of Bartica Mission Letter to Viscount Goderich on conviction for murder of Indian, Billy Williams Occupation and policy Venezuelan conception of, questioned Alleged low motives of Basis of, found in truce of 1609 Dutch settlement and control Control of Orinoco mouth by Enterprise in interior Renunciation of sovereignty of Spain Don Maldonado Barnuevo's letter to King of Spain on great spread of Dutch influence throughout Coast of Terra Firma and on weakness of Spain to resist this Settlements of, known from Spanish sources Settlements of, known from Spanish sources Raid by Dutch on Trinidad Navigation of Orinoco by Dutch, known to Spaniards Control of Coast of Guiana by, to Triuidad Sack of S. Thome . . . . . . . . Dutch reported to be increasing on Amazon and Coast of Guiana Dutch settled in Essequibo and Tobago and in practical command of Orinoco B.C. Ar. II, 214 B.C.C. Ap., 274 B.CAp. VI, 116, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 35 V.C.C. Ill, 169 B.C.C, 108 B.C Ap. VI, 39 B.C. Ap. VI, 38 B.C Ap. VI, 39 V.C, 166 B.C. Ap. VI, 39 V.C. Atlas, 78 B.CAp. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 40 B.C, 15 B.C.C, 35 V.C, 99 B.C C, 33 B.A., 25-6 B.C., 13 B.C, 14 B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 1-7 B.C.,- 22 B.C. Ap. I, 31-2 B.C., 22 B.C. Ap. I, 36-8 B.C., 22 B.C Ap. I, 37-8 B.C., 22 B.C. Ap. I, 40-2 B.C., 12 B.C., 12 B.C. Ap. I, 70 B.C.C. Ap, 20-22 B.C.C. Ap., 10 (193) 2 H Dutch Action.] 120 Dutch Action— continued. -J 1637 They sack St. Thome and carry off the B.C.. 12 16381640 1653 165616571659 1674- 1700 1676 16931700 1700 -25 1718 1722 1725- 1803 P1739 1745 1745 -61 Blessed Sacrament Raid by Dutch on Trinidad Access to all parts in Council of the Indies affirms that the Dutch had taken possession of the best posi tions and posts in Trinidad and Guayana E^covar reports Dutch assaults on Spanish in Trinidad The Dutch had recently four times raided Orinoco Dutch reported by Mendoza almost to have driven the Spaniards from Guayana and Trinidad Dutch colonization in Guiana stimulated by expulsion from Brazil by Portuguese Rights of Zeeland Chamber in Guiana . . Dutch in possession in Essequibo, Deme rara, Pomeroon and Corentin, as well as " landwards in Province of Moraka " Expansion of the Dutch summarised Presence of the Dutch in Guiaua from Amazon to Orinoco, reported to Spanish Council of War Complete conlrol of trade by Dutch ou coast of Province of Venezuela Alleged position of Dutch in Guiana summed up Expansion of Dutch in Guiana summarised Seat of Dutch Government removed from Kijkoveral Report by Maurain Saincterre on agri cultural development on Essequibo to Barima Dmch weakness and Spanish control, chapter on San Felipe refers to "the Dutch on the mainland so near to the principal mouth of the Orinoco, with large populations, and fortifications, and are gradually approaching nearer " San Felipe declares power of Dutch alonj coast west to Caracas Dutch alliance with Caribs, Father Gumill B.C. Ap. I, 85 115, 124 B.C.C. Ap., 11 B.C, 12 B.C. Ap. I, 94 B.C, 25 B.C Ap. I, 126 B.C.C Ap., 17 B.C.C. Ap, 16 B.CC. Ap., 15 B.C.C. Ap., 22 B.C., 27 B.C.C Ap., 26 B.CC. Ap., 29 B.CC, 59. 60 B.C., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 176-8 B.CC. Ap., 46-7 V.C, 91 B.CC, 66, 67 B.C., 33 B.C, 33 B.C. Ap. I, 252-3 V.C, 127-134 B.CC. Ap, 181 B.C.C. Ap., 184 a B.C., 37 | B.C. Ap. Ill, 84-86 110, Spread of Dutch cultivation in Cuyuni and B C 36 Massaruni | B.CAp. II, 129 ; VII, 193, 195-6 1748| Encouragement of trade by Spanish with B.CAp. II, Essequibo V.C, 112 V.C II, 101 56 121 Dutch Action — Dye Trade] Dutch Action — continued. V 1750 17531758 1766 -68 1767 1769 1770 1789 1799 " Dutchman's Place " at Koriabo (Barima) " Dutchman's Place " on Morawhana. Duvotenay, T. Duynenburg, Old Dye Trade. See also under Tkade. Dutch. 1897 1839 1759 Dutch administration contrasted with B.C., 37 Spanish Director-General states that soon all the B.C., 36 coast lands will have been granted B.C. Ap. II, 77 Dutch exploration of Parime R. (Rio Branco) B.C.C. Ap., 199 "TheDutch advancing and gaining territory, B.CC. Ap., 199 while we are under orders to withdraw the Missions from those places at the Cuyuni " (Father Bisbal) Dutch advance from Cuyuni complained of B.C Ap. II, 150 by Provisional Commandant of Guayana Dutch residents on Tucupo, Capi, and B.C., 48 Paraman (de la Garriga) B.C. Ap. II, 147 Dutchman said by Commandant of Guayana B.C, 48 to be resident on Island of Cuvamacuru B.C Ap. II, 150 Dutch residents on Barima . Resident in Barima and Aruka, probably in Koriabo Dutch residents on Aguirre Other Dutch families close to the mouth of Curumo Extent of cultivation by 1599 1646 1656 -7 " The first plantations of the Dutch are . . . . on the rivers Apongara and Cosacura (i.e., Wenamu and Ekereku on Cuyuni)" Cultivation had extended to Pomeroon . . = Schomburgk's " Place of the last white man " = Hierena. q.v. Tradition of . . Map by In Cu) uni, a Company's estate now allotted to private holders Carried on by Dutch with Indians. . Dye stores on Massaruni and Cuyuni, alleged to be Indian Mentioned as one of the chief products of the country Store for, at Fort Kijkoveral . . . . This trade a Company's monopoly. . B.C., 48 B.C. Ap. Ill, 131-2, 167 B.C., 51 B.C. Ap. VII, 209-11, 214 217-18, 236-7 B.C., 48-81 B C. Ap. IV, 20 B.A., 129 B.C., 48 B.C. Ap. IV, 28 B.C., 56 B.C., 82 B.C Ap. V, 109 B.C, 56 B.C Ap. V, 170 B.CAp. VII, 216, 218, 236 V.C.C. Atlas, 18 B.C. Ap. II, 175 B.C., 13 V.A. 11,414 B.C Ap. I, 22 B.C. Ap. I, 131 B.C, 83 B.CAp. I, 139,143 V.C II, 31 122 Dye Trade— Edmondstone.] Dye Trade — continued. E. Ebeni Ck. (Barama R.) Edmondstone, Charles 1671 1672 1679 1683 1684 1685 1686 1699 Craft wanted to increase Company's) B.C. Ap. I, 173 trade in Dye collected from Essequibo on the Demerara River Carried on in Pomeroon 1699- 1701 1707 1717 17311737 17531763 1839 -40 1844 Complaint of the low price of the dye Supply of dye from Pomeroon That in Pomeroon reserved for Company. . From high up in Massaruni A dye store on the Upper Cuyuni. . Proclamation against trade in by private persons Carried on at the Fort Many references in Kijkoveral Diary to this trade from Mahaicony, Wakepo, and the Essequibo Rivers The Company's Posts at Pomeroon Wakepo and at Mahaicony and Deme rara, spoken of as dye stores The trade reserved for the Company The most valuable object of trade from the Cuyuni and Massaruni Importance of the trade from the upper Essequibo The trade from Wakepo and Moruka "said to be falling off The trade to be encouraged Carried on at Arinda No longer carried on with Moruka Dye much cultivated in Pomeroon 1810 -13 1816 1823 McClintock visits and investigates alleged case of homicide among Indians of Captain Manwaiko living in Protector of Indians for Demerara R. In praise of the Me cusi Indians Proposal for a Company of half-bred Indians B.C.C. Ap, 45 B.C. Ap. I, 182 V.C, 85 V.C. II, 38 V.C. II, 43 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C. II, 45 B.C. Ap. I, 189 V.C. II, 53 B.C., 31, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 202 B.A., 40 B.C., 31, 81 B.C.C. Ap., 58 B.C Ap. I, 215 B.C.C. Ap., 47-158 pass™ B.C. Ap. VII, 155 B.C. Ap. I, 248 B.C. Ap. II, 14 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 24-5 B.C. Ap. II, 25 V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 227 B.C. Ap. II, 226-7 B.C, Ap. VI, 88, 91, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 13-1-5 B.C Ap. VI, 134-5 B.C. Ap. V, 204 B.C.C. Ap., 267 B.C.C. Ap., 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 34-5 123 Efeerocoona — Escobar.] Efeeroeoona, Santa Anna Eijffel, F Ekereku Mountains Ekereku Ck. (Cuyuni) Ekranabua itabo . . El Dorado, City of . . 1834 1779 -80 1891 1892 Calls himself " Chief of the Arawaaks," his petition against graut for Santa Rosa Mission Postholder at Arinda Schomburgk on height of . . Venezuelan gold prospecting camp at British post at, British constable resident at Eliot, E. C, Clerk to Govern ment Agent Elizabeth, Queen Ellicot v. Pearl Emancipation Act Entradas Equities of the Case Escobar, or Escovar, Diego Lopez de, Governor of the Province of Guayana 15971600 1602 1608 1620 1750 1755 1771 1580 1833 1838 1839 1842 Between Waini and Barima Sought by Berrio in vain . . 1634 1636 1637 B.C. Ap. VI, 58 B.C. Ap. VII, 173, 177 B.C. Ap. VII, 29 B.C Ap. VI, 252 B.C. Ap. VI, 260 B.A., 50 B.C., 9 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 14 (193) Conquest of . . Letter of Amaya on conquest of . . de Borja, on futility and viciousness of Berrio's search for The name used by King of Spain for mainland Guayana " Which is now regarded as fabulous " (Spanish Official Report) Alvarado's suggestion as to origin of fable of Description of, given to Centurion by an Indian Declarations of View on Spanish title to Indies . . 10 Peters 441 ; quotation from . . Passed Aug. 24, providing for freedom of all slaves after 1840 Ruinous results of . . Left the Indians as a most the only labourers Rodway on effect of in Description of Meaning of . . Patent by King of Spain to, as Governor for 5 years of Trinidad and of Province of Guayana Assumed government Attack on Dutch in Tobago, who then settled in Essequibo Reports taking of Santo Thome by the Dutch Letter to King of Spain by 2 I V.C.C. Ill, 1 V.C.C. Ill, I B.CC. Ap., 7-8 B.C.C. Ap., 9 B.C.C. Ap., 190 B.C Ap. II, 107 B.C. Ap. IV, 96-7 B.C. Ap.VII, 214 B.C., 153 V.A., 207 V.C, 174 V.C. Ill, 326 B.C. Ap. VII, 2 V.C, 175 V.C, 153 V.C.C. Ill, 107 V.A., 23 B.C.C Ap., 17 B.C.C. Ap., 15 B.C. Ap. I, 78, 83, 85 V.C. II, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 88 B.C. Ap. I, 85 124 Escobar — 'Essequibo (Colony of).] Escobar— continued. Espinosa* Don G de Essequibo Essequibo (Colony of) 1 638 Appeals for help to Caracas Appeals for assistance against Dutch to Governor of New Kingdom of Guayana and receives it 1640 ! Petitions for removal from Governorship of Guayana on account of bad health To King of Spain, defending his conduct. I Fails to dislodge Dutch from Amakuru . ,1641 1740 -46 1743 1621 16261626 18 16371638 164416481653 1657 Blamed for failure of expedition sent from the " New Kingdom " for relief of St. Thome and to dislodge the Dutch from Amakuru and Essequibo Royal Cedilla ordering inquiry into conduct of, as Governor Governor of Cumana ordered to fortify Orinoco Surveys Fajardo and Angostura for forti fications Report on mines of Guayana Report of B.C. Ap. I, 101 B.C.C. Ap., 11-15 B.C.C. Ap., 18 B.CC Ap., 15-17 B.C.C, 36 B.C.C. Ap., 13, 15 B.C.C. Ap., 19-20 B.C. Ap. Ill, 7 B.C Ap. Ill, 14, 33 V.C.C. Ill, 47 V.C. Ill, 369-372 The term used of the River, the Colony, B.C., 7 and as of the District 1658 Alleged existence of, before this date Definite establishment in this year First actual record of Dutch establishment Alleged commercial character of Dutch settlement Fortification of Fortification of Fort first mentioned uuder name of Kijko veral Settlement said to be confined to trading place of Kijkoveral Monopoly of trade by Zeeland Chamber . . Additional vessels equipped for Alleged date of first arrival of actual settlers Commissary appointed to act under Go vernor Adriseusen Colonists for, despatched from Holland B.C., 24 V.C.C, 39 V.C.C. II, 58-62 B.C., 12 B.C. Ap. I, 44-7 V.C, 69 V.C. II, 18 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 62-3 V.C.C. II, 71-4 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 84, 107 B.C., 25 B.CAp., 1,99, 103, 115,117 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 130 V.C.C, 21 V.A. II, 395 B.C.C. Ap. 25 B.C. Ap. I, 145 B.C.C. Ap. 26-7 V.A. II, 395 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 146 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 146 Essequibo (Colony of).] 125 Essequibo (Colony of ) — continued. 1659 16621664 1665 -6 1668 1670 1670 -8 1672 1674 Pedro de Viedma on the Dutch establish- B.C. Ap. I, 159 ment established more than 30 years Diary of voyage of ''heads of families " toi B.C. Ap. I, 59-62 Selection of land by " free colonists " .. B.C Ad. I, 162 V.C. II, 35 V.A. 11,396 1689 1691 1691 1786 1699 17011701 1701, 3 1701 1725 17251803 1733 1735 1747 1762 The colony occupied by the English, but. recaptured by the Dutch Described by Gunter Alleged offer of the colony to the Walcheren cities Taken over by Zeeland Chamber . . Handed back to West India Company Prosperity of, in spite of war Agreement with Berbice as to possession of the Demerara River, and as to certain Berbice cargoes seized by Essequibo in the Moruka Alleged insignificance of colony . . Mentioned in charter of new West India Company Postholders (outliers), already established Colony put in state of defence Alleged weakness of the colony Extracts from Muster Rolls of Diary of Commandeur Military division of colony Muster Roll in . . B.C., 13, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 166-170 V.CC. Ill, 12 V.C, 81 V.C, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 192 V.C. II, 57 B.C.C, 57 B.C.C. Ap. 45 V.C, 84 B.C. Ap. I, 174 V.C, 56-7 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 175 B.C Ap. I, 210-11 V.C II, 62-3 B.C.C, 60 V.C, 89 B.C. Ap. VII, 149-175 . B.C.C, 61 [extracts] B.C. Ap. I, 214 B.C., 31 B.C. Ap. I, 222-224 V.C, 97 .. B.C. Ap. VII, 152-3 V.C II, 67, 70 Described by Dutch authorities as "this growing colony " Alleged extent of colony Alleged scarcity of colonists in . . European population of colony said to have been but 200 Alleged to be date from which the real growth of the colony commenced Proposed inquiry into limits of the colony Proposal for survey of the colony as far as Orinoco, by Van Bercheyck B.C.C, 63 B.CAp. 1,222 V.C, 98 V.C, 109 V.C, 127 V.A. II, 400 B.C. Ap. II, 51 V.C. II, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 215 Essequibo (Colony of).] 126 Essequibo (Colony of)— continued. 1762 1763 1764 17651769 1770 1775 1777 1781 1782 178317841785 -6 1788 1789 1790 1796- 1802 1796 1802 1803 Register of the colony Register of the colony The colony described by Diguja . . Register of the colony Register of the colony Orders for Burgher troops of colony Report on means of defence of colony Centurion recommends destruction of Dutch colony Report on defence of the colony by Engineer v. Henemau Dutch of Essequibo reported by Don Augustin Crame to be without desire to extend boundaries Register of plantations of the colony Capture of the colony by British, under Captain Ed. Thompson French occupation of the colony Dutch re-occupation of the colony. . Secret resolutions of the Provincial Estates of Hollaud as to defence of the colony Journal of Commandeur of Essequibo Described by Marmion Journal of Commandeur of Essequibo (extracts) Diary of Commandeur of Essequibo (ex tracts) Extent of cultivation in the colony The colony occupied by British Diary of English Governor (extracts) Colony restored to Dutch by Treaty of Amiens Proposed charter for the colony One of the chief and most important pillars and supports of the Batavian Republic Report on state of the colony by Courts of Policy and Justice Extension of settlements, especially on coast west of Essequibo, including Pomeroon Suggestion to unite the colony with that of Demerara B.CAp. 11,212; VII, 164 B.C. Ap. II, 223 B.C. Ap. Ill, 62, 63 V.C. II, 341 B.C Ap. Ill, 118 V.C II, 159 B.C. Ap. VII, 165 V.C. II, 187 B.C. Ap. IV, 36 V.C. II, 204 B.C. Ap. IV, 73 B.C. Ap. IV, 166 V.C. II, 224 B.C. Ap. IV, 179 V.C II, 238 B.C., 17 B.C. Ap. V, 1 V.C. II, 237 B.C., 17 B.C., 17 B.C. Ap. V, 24 B.C Ap. V, 36, 41 V.C.C. Ill, 113 B.C. Ap. V, 72 B.C. Ap. V, 78 B.C. Ap. V, 79 V.C. II, 243 B.C., 17 B.C. Ap. V, 163 V.C, 58 B.C. Ap. V, 163 B.C., 17, 62 V.C, 58 B.C. Ap. V, 182 V.C. Ill, 43 B.C.C. Ap., 260 B.C.C Ap., 258, 261 B.C.C. Ap., 259 B.C.C. Ap., 260 127 Essequibo (Colony of)— Essequibo River.] Essequibo (Colony of)— continued.] Essequibo River. 1803 1814 18151824 1826 183818501856 (193) The colony re-occupied by the British The colony united with Demerara The united colony ceded to Great Britain Barracks built at Capoey on Arabian Coast Militia Regulations for Parochial divisions of Decline of cultivation in Fiscal districts of . . Districts and divisions of 1499 Geogkaphical : Basin cf, defined Basin of Upper, alleged to be shut off both from the Lower Essequibo and from the Massaruni Rapids in upper river described . . Path to, from Demerara " Essequibo, the corner of " ; i.e., the bend made by Essequibo, where it is joined by the Massaruni Historical : Nature of early Spanish voyages to (1591 [7 ?]— 1619) Alleged early settlement of Spaniards in Effect of early Spanish occupation of Alleged early Spanish Post at Kijkoveral on Not in the course of Spanish vessels to West Indies Boundary on, claimed by Venezuela Left bank of, suggested to be Dutch only to 6 th parallel N. Venezuelan argument as to Dutch Settle ment in Political control by Dutch in Alleged entry of, by lieutenanto of Colum bus 2 K B.C., 17 V.C, 58 V.C, 174 B.C., 17 V.C, 58 V.C. Ill, 47 VA., 6 B.C. Ap. VI, 2 V.CC. Ill, 169 V.C.C. Ill, 172 V.C.C. Ill, 178 V.C.C. Ill, 185 V.C.C. Ill, ISO B.C., 8 V.C, 34 B.C.C, 20 B.C.C, 20 B.C.C. Ap., 75 V.C, 42-3 B.C.C, 31 B.C., 21, 23-4 B.C. Ap. I, 19, 20 V.C, 42-3 V.C.C, 4-5, 35-6 B.A., 10 V.A., 2 V.A., 235 B.CAp. VII, 212 V.C, 43 B.C.C, 31 B.C.C, 32 V.A. II, 403 V.A. II, 403 V.A. II, 394-403 V.A. II, 476- ¦482 V.C 35 B.C.C, . >9 128 Essequibo River.] Essequibo River — contd. 1553 1591 1596 1597 1597 -8 1608 16151616 1617 1619 1621 1621 -48 1621 1624 1626 Exploration of, by Spaniards, asserted on strength of note on old map (see V.C. Atlas, p. 76) [denied] Spaniards in, according to De Laet Intended Spanish town on, according to Keymis Keymis treats, as limit of Spanish travels Visited by Ibarguen (Domingo De Vera). . Spaniards had been driven out, according to Masham Passed by Cabeliau Fisher reports that the river had been left by Spaniards Alleged Spanish occupation of Dutch settlement by Captain Groenewegen in Essequibo, and building of Fort Kijkoveral. (See also under Groene wegen. ) Colonization of, by Groenewegen, questioned Raleigh on Spanish relations with Essequibo Geronimo de Grados, the last of the early Spanish voyagers to the east of the Orinoco, taken prisoner by English and Dutch in Essequibo (Simon's " Noticias") [taken prisoner by English] Spaniards already excluded from Venezuelan allegation that the Dutch had a mere trading post in Existence of Dutch Colony before this date asserted by Zeeland Chamber and by Hartsinck [denied] [Burr] Colony of Essequibo definitely established by Dutch Visited and described by certain Dutch "heads of families" in the ship " Pigeon" First actual record of Dutch establishment on Jacob Canyn to return from Johannes Beverlander " to lie " in the river with Van der Goes Lads to be sent out to V.C, 42 B.C.C, 30 V.C, 42 V.C, 42 V.C, 42 B.C. Ap. I, 17 V.C, 43 B.CC, 31 V.C, 42 B.C Ap. I, 20 V.C. Ap. I, 9 V.C, 43 V.C, 43, 69. 70 V.C. II, 264 V.A. 3 B.C., 23 B.C. Ap. I, 169 1626 -48 1627 Commercial character of Dutch settlement (Burr) Message to Van der Goes as to Post at . . Van Pere's colonists not to come to where the Company has its colony V.C.C, 36 V.C, 43 B.C., 24 B.C.C, 31 V.C.C, 36 B.C.C, 29 V.CC., 21 V.A. II, 395 B.C., 24 V.C.C, 39 V.CC 11,58-62 B.C., 12 B.C. Ap. I, 44-47 B.C. Ap. I, 61 V.C, 69 B.C. Ap. I, 62 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 63 B.C. Ap. I, 62 V.C. II, 18 V.CC. II, 71-4 B.C. Ap. I, 63-4 B.C. Ap. I, 64 129 Essequibo River.] Essequibo River — contd. 1628 1632 1634 1637 1638 1642 1644 1645 1648 1653 16571658 1659 Yacht Armuyden to go to . . Alleged Dutch decision to abandon Dutch ship to trade to Bishop of Puerto Rico refers to Dutch settled in Zeeland Chamber discusses profitableness of Two kegs of syrup of sugar cane from, handed over to Mr. Segers to make an experiment in reducing it to sugar Persons engaged to go to . . Dutch Settlements in, recorded in Spanish documents Suggested Spanish attack on " Fort of " (? Kijkoveral) mentioned by Jacques Ousiel Dutch from Tobago leaving for Strong fortification of Dutch in . . Fort of ( = Kijkoveral) mentioned in Spanish documents as the place where the Sacred Host carried off from S. Thome by the Dutch was kept Dutch in; Escovar pretends to order Spanish troops to dislodge Population and a good fort at Cargoes made up for Fort Kijkoveral first mentioned by name. . Commissioners report on trade in Settlement in said to have been confined to trading place of Kijkoveral The river said to have been western boundary at this date Reservation of trade to, Chamber bv Zeeland Progress so great that the three cities equip additional vessel for Alleged to be date of first arrival of actual settlers in Commissary appointed to act under Governor Colonists for, despatched from Holland .. Governor Aert Adriaensen Groenewegen, of According to Pedro de Viedma, besides two new large Dutch settlements 20 leagues to windward of the Orinoco, there was " the fort of Essequibo, which had been founded more than 30 years " at a distance of " 12 leaeu.es from the New Settlements" B.C. Ap. I, 64 V.C, 70 V.C. II, 19 B.C. Ap. I, 72 B.CC. Ap., 10 B.C. Ap. I, 75 V.C, 71 V.C. II, 20 B.C. Ap. I. 75 V.C. II, 20 V.A., 220 V.C. II, 21 B.C., 25 B.C Ap. I, 99, 115, 117 B.C. Ap. I, 84, 86 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 84 B.C. Ap. I, 78 B.C. Ap. I, 107 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 99, 115, 117 B.C.C. Ap., 12-14 B.C. Ap. I, 103 B.C. Ap. I, 129 B.C., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 130 B.C. Ap. I, 131 V.C. II, 27 V.C.C, 21 V.A. II, 395 V.A., 3 B.C.C Ap., 25 B.C. Ap. I, 145 B.C.C. Ap., 26-27 V.A. II, 395 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 146 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap, I, 146 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 146 B.C. Ap. I, 159 130 Essequibo River.] Essequibo River— cont d. 1662 1664 1665 -6 1666 1669 1680 -3 1681 168516861699 1700 17001725 1714 1718 1721 -33 1722 1723 1726 Diary of voyage of " Heads of Families" to Jan Doensen selects land at Browershoeck for the erection of a regular sugar mill Doenseu's said to have been the first " free plantation " in The colony occupied by the English Recaptured by the Dutch . . Zeeland Chamber receives ship from, bring ing 50,000 or 60,000 lbs. sugar, and 20,000 letter wood, tbe produce of the colony Number of slaves in Indians of the Essequibo, Cuyuni and Mas saruni at war with the Akawois of further inland. Efforts of the Dutch traders to stop this war Area of cultivation on Resolution to throw open Dutch pacification of Indians of . . Dutch coastguard at mouth of the river Fish salted high up on the river . . Dutch trade on the upper river by Dutch negro traders Dutch trade on upper river by negro traders River said to have been settled only to Falls Dutch exploration toward sources of river The Commandeur's residence, Het Huis Nabij, at Cattabo Trade from the upper river Report by Maurain Saincterre on agricul tural potentialities of Armed boats sent above the Falls of the river to watch the Maganout Indians Alleged military weakness.. Trade in upper river by Company Commandeur visits above the Falls The Falls reported very dangerous The upper river a valuable fishing ground of the. Company Commandeur advises against extension of plantations above the Falls B.C. Ap. I, 59-62 B.C. Ap. I, 162 V.C. II, 35 V.A. II, 396 B.C., 13, 28 B.CAp. 1,166-170 B.C., 28 B.C. Ap., 170 B.C., 28 B.C. Ap. I, 171 B.C.C, 57 B.C., 28 B.C. Ap. I, 167 B.C., 85 B.C. Ap. I, 183 V.C. II, 41 B.C., 29 B.C Ap. I, 185 B.C. Ap. I, 189, 192 V.C. II, 53 B.C., 85 B.C. Ap. I, 202-206 B.C.C Ap., 51, 7, 79 B.C. Ap. I, 217 B.C.C. Ap., 67 B.C.C. Ap., 66-7 B.C.C. Ap., 85, 91, 7, 105, 114, 119 B.C. Ap. I, 233 V.C, 97 B.C. Ap. I, 238-9 B.C., 33 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.C., 33 B.C. A p. I, 252-3 B.C. Ap. I, 253 V.C, 127 B.C. Ap. II, 3 B.C. Ap. II, 6 B.C. Ap. II. 6 V.C. II, 81 ' B.C. Ap. II, 6, 7 V.C. II, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 6, 7 131 Essequibo River.] Essequibo River — contd. 1732 1735 1737 1738 1739 Jacobus van der Burgh sent to trade up B.C. Ap. II, 15, 1G the river for six months Van den Bur£>-h, the Company's trader, higl B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 21, 22 up ou, giveu a fixed salary This trader spoken of as Postholder Post had been established on the upper rivei to extend Company's trade to Amazon Importance of trade in dye and slaves 1740 -41 1740 17431746 1747 1748 1748 -50 1749 1750 New fort on Flag Island Horstman's expedition up the Essequibo and Rupununi San Felipe declares the Dutch strongly garrisoned in Jacques Donacq Postholder at Arinda Tendency of colony to shift lower down the estuary Seat of Government moved from Cartabo to Flag (Fort) Island The open country up the river visited by Company's miners The Indians of the upper river at war with each other and with the neighbouring Portuguese Two Company's rovers murdered by Indians high up the river Trade of Spanish with the colony en couraged by Dutch 1752 The upper river closed to traffic, except through Postholders, on account of bad conduct of traders Report of a volcano on the Siparuni Adriaan Spoors acting Commandeur Dutch traders on the upper river Jan Stok dealt with for offence at Arinda Postholder reports the Maganouts attacking other Indians Post to be moved to Rupununi, specially to control Indians Spanish official report on the colony and on communication with it from Orinoco Report on, by Gravesande , Expedition up, sent by Acting Commandeur after runaways Runaway negroes reported near Arinda . . (193) 1753 Dutch traders murdered at head of the I rher 2 L B.C. Ap. VII, 158 B.C. Ap. IL 24 B.C., 81 B.C. Ap. II, 24, 25 V.C, 107 V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 30, 36 V.C. II, 91-2 B.C.C. Ap. 185 B.C. Ap. VII, 159-160 V.A. IL, 400-402 B.C., 35 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ap. II, 56 V.C. 112 V.C. II, 101 B.C. Ap. II, 55 B.C.C, 74 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C., 40 B.C. Ap. II, 64 B.C Ap. II, 64-5 B.C. Ap. II, 71 B.C. Ap. II, 66, 71 B.C.C Ap., 193-5 B.C. Ap. II, 66 V.C II, 105 B.C Ap. II, 69-79 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. 82 B.C Ap. II, 88 Essequibo River.] 132 Essequibo River — con'd. 17531755 17561757 1758 1759 !1760 [763 1764 1765 Caribs offer services to Dutch against Wapianas of the Rupununi The upper river closed to trade by Dutch Court of Justice Alleged murder in upper river by Marchal investigated by Dutch Court of Justice Indians summoned from upper river before Court of Justice Report by Alvarado on the connection of the Cuyuni with the Essequibo Report on the colony by Alvarado Alvarado reports the river " populated on either side to the distance of 30 leagues from the mouth " Alvarado reports it explored by Dutch for a distance taking 45 days', journey References to the Post on upper river Right to trade in upper river still reserved by Court of Justice Slave trade from upper river De la Garriga refers to Dutch trade route up Essequibo and Rupununi to River Negro Essequibo, with all its rivers, claimed as Dutch Said to be called Araunama by Arawaks . . Post maintained at Arinda Everything well at Arinda. . The Post intended to control trade in the interior Director-General arranges(with approval of Zeeland Chamber) for expedition for upper part, above Arinda B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C., 83 B.C. Ap. II, 105 B.C. 86 B.C Ap. II, 104-5, 123-7 B.C. Ap. II, 104-5 B.C. Ap. II, 108, 113-1 B.CAp. II, 116-118 B.CAp. II, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 129 _ B.CC. Ap., 197 B.C.C. Ap., 198 B.C. Ap. Ii, 147 V.C. II, 135 V.C. II, 140 B.C. Ap. II, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 221 B.C. Ap. II, 227 ; III, 105 B.C. Ap. II, 222 The Essequibo Caribs aid the Dutch in B.C. 113 slave revolt The river said to be unexplored a few B.C. Ap. Ill 108 days above Arinda Source of the river to be discovered Arinda Postholder to arrest all strangers 3.0. Ap. Ill 112 in the river and its tributaries Arinda Postholder to protect all Indians in i.C. Ap. Ill, H2 B.C. Ap. II, 227 B.C. Ap. Ill, 107 B.C. Ap. HI, 111 B.CAp. Ill, 117 1767 Formerly sugar plantation above Fall in. Post to be moved further up Non-appearance of Owl of, remarked by B.C An HI i-2fi Director-General ! * ' ° Indians in, held at peace by Postholder . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 120 Indians undertake to arrest strangers in . . B.C. Ap. Ill 120 Caribs occupy by permission . . . . p.O. Ap. Ill 157 Essequibo River.] 133 Essequibo River— contd. 1767 176S 1769 1770 1772 1773 1775 1777 The upper river protected by Caribs against B.C Ap. Ill, 148, 157 other nations Dutch difficulty of protecting Amsterdam interpretation of rivers sub ordinate to the colony Protestant soldiers required for the colony Postholder at Arinda reported as energetic Inaccessibility admitted by Spanish official Erroneous Spanish notion of course of the river Dutch limited to, according to Spanish depositions Director-General explains rumours of French at sources of river Caribs ask leave to attack intruders in river Me-.ntion of the Colony and its appurtenant rivers in the Dutch Remonstrance Reinforcements sent by the Company to the colony Enumeration by Zeeland Chamber of Forts and Posts of the colony Garrison of . . Forts and artillery at Provisional instructions to troops at Specific claim in Remonstrance to whole basin of Essequibo river with Cuyuni Mention of the Post of Arinda as above the Rupununi D.-clared by Spaniards beyond their reach Dutch trade on the 'Sipo, i.e., Essequibo head Indians from Arinda to be employed against deserters These Indians respond to this appeal Caribs from the upper river fight for Dutch against rebels Timber grounds on the river annexed by the plantations Dutch Post (Cumaka ? ) on the Essequibo, above Rupununi, reported by the Portu guese travellers Santos and Rodriguez Decrease of plantations on the river Indian chiefs to come twice a year for revels at the fort B.C Ap. Ill, 160 V.C. II, 174 B C Ap. Ill, 147 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176 V.C II, 176 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176 B.C., 55 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 52, 55, 59 B.C Ap. IV, 48, 51, 55, 62, 65, 70, 71 B.C Ap. IV, 48, 51, 55, 58, 62, 65 B.C. Ap. IV, 1 B.C. Ap. IV, 7 B.C. Ap. IV, 29,33 B.C. Ap. IV, 28, 29, 39 B.C. Ap. IV, 36, 37 V.C. II, 207 V.C. II, 209 V.C II, 187 B.C., 54 B.C. Ap. IV, 29 V.C, 159 V.C. II, 198 B.C. Ap. IV, 37 B.C., 15 B.C, 82 B.C Ap. IV, 78 B.C Ap. IV, 79 B.C Ap. IV, 82 B.C Ap. IV, 106 B.C., 84 B.C. Ap. IV, 122 B C Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. IV, 183 VC, 108-9 V.C II, 232 B.C Ap. IV, 185 134 Essequibo River.] Essequibo River — contd. 1778 17791785 1788 1790 1797 1801 18031804 1806 1807 1808 1810 1812 1814 -50 1818 1820 Certificate of Dutch allegiance given to Atorai chief from Portuguese frontier Indians from up the river attend assembly Engineer sent to survey defences of Abalos' view of boundaries of Permit given by Dutch Governor-General to go further above in Essequibo Spaniards arrested and sent out of the colony- for entering the river The river described by Marmion River of, between our possessions and those of Dutch, affords access to Missions Puente's report; he declares country toward source of Essequibo under f uil control of Dutch, through Indians Dutch trading posts at sources of Essequibo reported by Puente Garrisons suggested for the Colony in Dutch Report Portuguese arrested, but given passes to return by the Essequibo to the Portuguese possessions j Summary of exports (sugar, rum, cotton, coffee) in 351 ships from Proposal to remove the capital from Fort Island, either to Leguan or to Ituribisi A Protector of Indians in Essequibo Postholder on the upper river The Essequibo Indians assembled by Protector and presents made to them Question of removal of capital from Fort Island Disturbances between the Indians, especially Akawois, and the coloured Settlers ; Court of Policy approves conciliation of Indians Commission sent by Court of Policy up the Essequibo to conciliate the Indians Postholder of Moruka sent up the Esse quibo to conciliate the Indians Timber-cutting in ; question as to payment of royalty on Treaty with Carib Chief from high up the River Expedition of Dr. Hancock to the interior by the Essequibo Settlement in, discussed Return of Indians in Essequibo, Cuyuni, and Massaruni Exploration up, by Smith and Gullifer, to the Rio Branco B.C. Ap. IV, 190 B.C. Ap. IV, 187 V.C II, 233 B.C. Ap. IV, 195 B.C Ap. V, 31 B.C. A p. V, 36 B.C. Ap. V, 53 V.C III. 400 B.C., 16, 82 B.C Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 80 V.C II, 243 B.C. Ap. V, 164 B.C.C. Ap., 261 B.C.C Ap., 259-60 B.C. Ap. V, 183 B.C., 63 B.C. Ap. V, 185-6 B.C. Ap. V, 185 B.C.C. Ap.,262 B.C.C. Ap., 262 B.C.C. Ap., 263-1 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. V, 188 B.C.C. Ap., 264 B.C.C Ap., 264 B.C.C. Ap., 265 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. V, 195 B.C. Ap. V, 202-3 V.A. II, 663-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 12, 13 V.C. Ill, 332 Essequibo River.] 135 Essequibo River — contd. 1823 1830 1831 Timber-cutting in 1837 1839 1840 1841 (193) Mr. Armstrong visits up the river as missionary Country settled to Falls of. . British Mission established at Bartica at junction of the Massaruni Schomburgk discovers sources of . . British flag planted by Schomburgk at source of Sources of, how reached by boundary line (Schomburgk) British Mission established at Pirara and Urua on th^ Rupununi Half-breed squatters long resident in the river Land in, being purchased at high rates . . Timber-cutting on the lower river Postholder's return of Indians in Civil and criminal jurisdiction of Superin tendent of Rivers and Creeks in The upper river visited by Postholder Superintendent of Bivers and Creeks visits and acts magisterially in Timber establishments in, and timber ves sels loaded in Charge of unlicensed timber-cutting on Crown Land No squatters on the Crown Lands. . Much land purchased by negroes Numerous residents on the lower river . . Residents and woodcutters in 1842 1843 1844 The river officially visited by Superinten dent Census in the river taken by Superintendent Traversed by Schomburgk to Pirara on the Rupununi Inhabited only by Indians above the rapids Re-traversed by Schomburgk to Pirara on Rupununi Watershed separating sources of, from Amazon, visited by Schomburgk Indians at sources of the river still using weapons only of Dutch make The sources of the river never visited before, or after, Schomburgk's discovery 2 M B.C., 112 B.C Ap. VI, 42 B.C, 65 B.C Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 46 B.C., 65 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VII, 5, 6 B.C., 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 90 B.C. Ap. VI. 88, 94-6, 101 B.C.C Ap., 287 B.C. Ap. VI, 90, 101, 104 B.C.C. Ap., 289, 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 89 B.C. Ap. VI, 104 B.C. Ap. VI, 104 B.C. Ap. VI, 95 B.C, 65 B.C Ap. VI, 108, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 108, 115, 119 B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C. Ap. VII, 38 V.C, 17'2 B.C. Ap. VII, 51 B.C Ap. VII, 52. 54 B.C. Ap. VII. 54 B.C. Ap. VII, 60 136 Essequibo River — Essequibo Post.] Essequibo River — contd. 1844 Postholder Baird's list of creeks of the lower Essequibo B.C.C. Ap., 297 Every settlement on the upper river as far as Potaro River visited by Postholder B.C Ap. VI, 131 Settlements and industries B.C. Ap. VI, 130 B.C.C. Ap., 298 Returns of births and deaths B.C.C. Ap., 297 Licences for retail spirit shops, guns, &c. B.C.C Ap., 297 As the Fortique line of division B.C. Ap. VII, 88, 90 1849 -50 Governor Barkly on remains of Dutch occu pation on B.C. Ap. VII, 235 1850 Report of British Commission as to con dition of the Colony V.C. Ill, 141 1851 Census of the County of Essequibo (in cluding Moruka) V.C. Ill, 146 1857 Expedition up the river, in search of gold, by R. N. Brotherson B.C. Ap. VI, 204 1871 Population of the County B.C.C, 124 V.C, 192 1879 S. de Rojas ¦ asserts Venezuelan claim to, as of strict right B.C. Ap. VII, 96 Gold mining in V.C. Ill, 341 1880 Description of river by im Thurn V.C. Ill, 408-410 1881 To and up the Rupununi claimed by S. de Rojas B.C Ap. VII, 98 1886 Boundary to, still claimed by Guzman Blanco V.C. Ill, 250, 252 1890 Venezuelan proposal to declare British, conditionally on British declaring Orinoco Venezuelan B.CAp. VII, 139 The claims of Venezuelan Government to, is one which Spain never asserted B.C. Ap. VII, 137 1890 -91 Gold mining on B.C.C, 123 1891 Census of County of Essequibo, including upper reaches of the river and North- West District V.C. Ill, 147, 172, 173 1897 British jurisdiction on B.C Ap. VII, 233 McTurk on remains of Dutch occupation on B.C. Ap. VII, 233 1898 Venezuela claims as far as West Bank of V.C, 13 Use of Creole Dutch in District B.C., 97 British sympathies of Indians in Upper . . B.CC, 26 B.C.C. AP., 312 Present gold industry on . . B.A., 50 Essequibo Post, Lower. ( The Post on the Upper Essequibo, between the Sipa runi and Rupununi, was Akinda, q.v.) Essequibo Post.] 137 Essequibo Post — continued. 1803 -50 1808 1813 1814 1821 1825 1831 1836 1837 -44 1839 18:10 1840 -1 1841 1844 Allegation of single Post near junction of Cuyuni, Massaruni, and Essequibo Wahl Postholder ; his suggestions for shifting the Post to site (? now H.M. Penal Settlement) commanding mouths of Essequibo, Cuyuni, and Massaruni Rivers, and for increase of his own authority at, approved by Court of Policy H. C. Wahl, Postholder, salary of, raised H. Cornellissen appointed Assistant Post- holder at Massaruni Court of Policy arranges for annual allow ances to, of Massaruni (and others) Diary of Postholder of, at Massaruni Calculation of number of Indians from Upper Essequibo, from Massaruni and from Cuyuni, attached to this Post Wahl had been Postholder for 18 years . . Position of the Post 10 miles from mouth of Massaruni Post said to have been removed to Ampa about Letter dated from Ampa by Postholder Richardson The Postholder, Derrick Falaut, of the Post on the Boerasiri, a small tributary of the Lower Essequibo, allowed to live at Fort Island, which was thus an additional Post (on the Lower Essequibo) ; the regular Post being still at Ampa Post at Fort Island. . At Post Ampa, opposite Tiger Creek, D. J. C Barkey, Postnolder Postholder of Ampa visits Upper Essequibo. and Cuyuni and Massaruni Mention of return of Indians by Postholder of Ampa Governor's instructions to Postholder oi Essequibo Post Ampa under repair Postholder D. J. C Barkey of Ampa, lately dead A. F. Baird, appointed in his place Site of old Post at Massaruni to be adopted for H.M. Penal Settlement The Fort Island (Boerasiri) Post, lately abandoned Only one Post on Lower Essequibo— chiefly a Petty Debt Court Every settlement as far as Potaro River visited by Postholder V.C, 169 B.C.C. Ap., 265 V.C, 169-70 B.CC. Ap., 264 B.C.C. Ap., 26S-9 B.CC. Ap., 269 B.C. Ap. V, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 19 B.C. Ap. VI, 35 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 V.C, 170 B.C Ap. VI, 59 B.CAp. VI, 25, 104, 130 B.CAp. VI, 25,62, 86,88. 90-1, 96, 104, 130 B.C.C. Ap., 292, 295 B.C. Ap. VI, 77, 87, 90, 96 B.C.C Ap., 292 B.C. Ap., VI, 90 B.CAp. VI, 91 B.C. Ap.,88, 90 B.C. Ap. VI, 95, 108 B.CC. Ap., 293 B.C. Ap. VI, 113 B.C. Ap. VI, 115 B.C.C. Ap , 293 B.C. Ap. VI, 111 B.C. Ap. VI, 130 B.C. Ap. VI, 131 B.C Ap. VI. 131 138 Essequibo Post— Exploration.] Essequibo Post — continued. Ewing v. Burnett Exhibits Expedition of Limits Exploration, Dutch British Exploration, Spanish 1844 and Postholder of Ampa appears also to be Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Report for 1st quarter, 1844 Quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders Captain's staff of Cornelius Scbade . . B.C. Ap. VII, 221 Essequibo R. Carib Captain Cephas of B.C. Ap. VI, 131 B.C. Ap. VI, 130-13 V.A., 374, 384, 389 17531599 1714 1758 1763 1769 ISIS^ 1838 ¦• EFiT. 1. Staff of Captain Cephas „ 2. „ „ Jeffrey „ 3. Silver badge of Indian Chief Chief? silver badge CB. I. and C B. II. Brickwork from Dutch buildings on Fort Island CB. III. Keystone of Kijkoveral CB. IV, V, VI, VII. Brick and stone works from CB. VIII, IS, 5, SI, XII. Brick and stone works from CB. XIII, and CB. XIV. Brick and stone work from CB. A. and CB. B. Photographs of church and fort on CB. C Photograph of Kijkoveral with keystone CB. D. Photograph of Kijkoveral without keystone CB. E. Photograph of part of Kijkoveral CB. F., CB. G. Photographs of remains of Dutch indigo tanks on Cuyuni Instructions to Iturriaga as to Voyage of Cabeliau. . Exploration of Upper Essequibo On the Parime R. (Rio Branco) Of Upper Essequibo, carried on from Arinda By Gerrit Janssen above Arinda Of interior by British Of Upper Essequibo by Hancock British missionary explores beyond Pirara 1499- 1500 Early Spanish of America generally Early Spanish of the Orinoco and Venezuela Scott on Spanish voyages to Guiana Guiana first sighted. . B.C. Ap. VII, 226-7, 233 B.C. Ap.VII, 244 B.C. Ap. VII, 231 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C Ap. VII, 239 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C. Ap. VII, 239-42 B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C Ap. VII, 239 B.C. A p. VII, 239 B.C Ap. VII, 239-42 B.C. Ap. II, 84-88 B.C. 21 B.C Ap. I, 238 B.C.C. Ap., 199 B.C. Ap. II, 227 B.C. Ap. IV, 40 V.C. Ill, 331 B.C. Ap. V, 202 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 V.C, 35-36 V.C, 37, 38 V.A. 180 B.C., 20 139 Exploration — Fajardo.] Exploration, Spanish — contd. Exports Pajardo, Don Pablo Diaz Pajardo, Island 1530 1560 16191719 1747 1753 1771 1779 (193) 1789 1801 Acosta, Pedro de, alleged settlement of, " in Parema '' Aquirre, Lope de, his alleged circumnavi gation of Guiana As a rebel and tyrant, killed by Spanish Royalists East of Orinoco, latest instance Of Orinoco with a view to its fortification Sources of Cuyuni and Massaruni and Lake Parime rumoured to have been discovered by Spanish Spanish Government enquire as to inter communication from Orinoco by Rio Negro with Amazon Expeditions to Rio Parime Of Barima, Waini, Moruka, and Pomeroon, by Inciarte Inciarte proceeded to make the first survey of the country (Abalos) Of Curumo by Spanish From Essequibo (15,000 casks sugar, 4,000 casks rum, 20,000 bales cotton, and 11,000,000 lbs. coffee) » B.C. Ap. I, 169 V.C, 37 B.C.C, 29 V.C.C. II, 214-5 V.A., 179 V.A., 179 B.C. Ap. I, 112 B.C., 24 B C Ap. Ill, 12 B.C., 39 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 85 B.C. Ap. IV, 96, 101, 102, 106, 126, 129 B.C.C. Ap., 217-254 V.A. II, 553 B.C. Ap. IV, 194 B.C., 42 B.C Ap. V, 104 B.C.C. Ap.. 261 1733 1739 1591 1597 17194 1723 1726(4 Fortification of, ordered 1729' 173317351739: 17431745 Recommendations as to fortification of Orinoco Report on mines of Guayana by . . Had died as acting Governor of Cumana Foundation of Santo Thome at Fortifications at, Keymis cited as to Recommended for fortification Report against fortifying, by Don P. D. Fajardo Report against fortifying, by Sucre San Felipe recalls that fortification of, was deemed useless Surveyed by Governor Espinosa „ . Fortification of, recommended by Gumilla 2 N B.C. Ap. Ill, 12, 13 V.C.C. III. 41 B.C.C. Ap., 183 V.C, 38 V.C, 46 B.C. Ap. Ill, 12, 84b B.C. Ap. Ill, 12, 32, 84 B.C., 35 B.C Ap. Ill, 13, 32 B.C. Ap. Ill, 13, 32 B.C.C. Ap., 181 B.C. Ap. Ill, 14, 32, 33 B.C. Ap. Ill, 13, 14, 32, 85 140 Paj ardo — Fishery. J Pajardo — continued. Falant, Derrick Falkland Islands . . " Palls " on the Rivers. Famuto=Bamuto, q.v. Paxardo = Fajardo, q.v. Federal Territory of the 1884 Orinoco 1750 1763 1773 1840 1883 Twelve leagues from town of Guayana, in the Angustura Proposals to fortify criticised by Governor Diguja Recommendation for fortification of, by Centurion Postholder of Fort Island and Boerasiri (or Lower Essequibo) Controversy as to . . Fees . , Felderman, Erasmus Ferreras, Felix, Provisional Commandant of Guayana Field . . Fifty-year Rule Figlands Fijn, G. de, Commandeur of Pomeroon Col. Finet, C Pirmant, Jan Fiscal of Essequibo . . Fir her, Unton Fishery and Hunting 1815 1747 1758 1839 1663 1746 1748 1753 1758 1812 1608 Official scale of, for service of process in County of Essequibo For journeys and attendances in same In Pomeroon. . Director-General reports, had been allowed to cultivate laud in Pomeroon. See also RlVIEEE, DE LA His decree and instructions for Spanish raid * on Cuyuni On limits of title by conquest Contention as to A place in Moruka, visited by Superinten dent Crichton Commandeur at Pomeroon (N. Middelburgh) Letter to W.I. Co. on state of the Colony. . A Dutch trader up Cuyuni, reports to Com mandeur a Spanish Mission on Cuyuni Reports to Commandeur on Spanish action there Transfers his land in Massaruni Had been Postholder of Cuyuni Appointed to charge of the Police of Esse quibo District, on account of its distance from seat of Government Reports Spaniards have left Essequibo " and not a Spaniard there " Dutch rights of, described as from earliest times B.C.C Ap., 192 B.C Ap. Ill, 30, 31 B.C., 57 B.C. Ap. IV, 113 B.C. Ap. VI, 62, 104 B.C.C. Ap., 292 B.C., 152, 154 B.C., 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 223 V.C. Ill, 61, 62 V.C. Ill, 62 B.CC. Ap., 189 B.C. Ap. II, 142-3 B.C. Ap. II, 150-152 V.A., 276 V.C, 179, 225, 229 B.C.C, 108, 113 B.A., 2 B.C. A p. VI, 82 B.C.C. Ap., 34-42 B.C.C Ap., 34-42 B.C. Ap. II, 45 V.C. II, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. VII, 195 B.C.C. Ap., 201 B.C.C. Ap., 268 V.C, 43 B.C., 11, 53 V.C, 138 141 Pi shery.] Fishery — continued. 1680 1681 1683 1691 1699 1700 1721 -55 1727 1728 1746 1747 1748 1749 1758 The Arawaks and Warows much employed by Dutch for Importance of, recognised by Burr Spanish interference with Dutch treated as showing control Exercise of, by Dutch, discussed The " Cuyuni, our provision chamber " Organisation for, by the Dutch, in the Amakuru and in the mouth of the Orinoco The Cuyuni closed by an Indian war, " We have to make shift with the sea-side alone " Commandeur plans " to get hold of the bush-hog hunting there (in Cuyuni), as formerly " " Outrunners " constantly employed by Dutch for By the Dutch in W aini . . . . . . Yacht Rammekens sent from Essequibo to salt, in the River Waini Expedition sent "to Pomeroon and the sea- coast" to salt fish In Waini Notes from the Company's account-books as to expeditions for, toEssequibo, Cuyuni, Massaruni and the sea-coast k The Upper Essequibo a valuable fishiug ground of the Company Fishing vessel from Surinam seized by Spaniards near Orinoco Importance to Dutch colony of fishery in Orinoco mouth Three fishing canoes belonging to the Com pany seized near Orinoco by privateer from Trinidad Dutch fishing rights at Orinoco mouth had been alwajrs enjoyed by Essequibo with out hindrance from Spaniards The Company urges Commandeur to main tain fishery rights Governor of Orinoco excuses himself from giving satisfaction for the three fishing canoes of the Dutch seized One of the Dutch fishing canoes restored by Spanish Governor IturriRga declares Dutch enjoy fishery well within mouth of Orinoco B.C, 11 V.C.C. II, 87 V.C.C, 51, 52 V.A. II, 660 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 183 B.C., 30 B.C Ap. I, 184-5 V.C, II, 42 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.CAp. VII, 150 B.CAp. I, 214 V.C. II, 65 B.C.C. Ap., 64, 5 B.C.C. Ap., 127 B.C., 30 B.C. Ap. I, 214 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.C. Ap. II, 67 V.C. II, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 7 B.C. Ap. II, 47, 48 B.C., 53 B.C. Ap. II, 47, 48, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 55 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C, 151-6 B.C. Ap. II, 1-21 Fishery.] 145 Fishery — continued. 1760 176117621763 1767 1767 -8 1768 1769 1770 Dutch fishing vessels again seized by Spaniards near Point Barima, on the plea that they were used for slave trade Arawaks employed by Dutch of Essequibo to fish in Barima and Orinoco Dutch fishery in the Orinoco, even as far as the Aguirre, " with express or tacit con sent of Commandant of Guayana," recog nised by Solano Secretary of Essequibo on importance to colony of the fishery in Waini Fishery toward Orinoco, suspended on account of hostility of Spaniards Dutch fishery largely carried on by Warows The fishery at a standstill Hindered by Spaniards Director-General on tbe site and value to the colony of the fishery at the mouth of the Orinoco and on the coast The Company on the loss of Director-General complains of the ruin of the Dutch fishery in Orinoco Dutch fishery rights in Orinoco from time immemorial The Remonstrance on restriction of Dutch, in Orinoco, by Spaniards Upon the territory of the State itself ex tending to beyond the Waini Dutch right to, denied in Spanish deposi tions Alleged to be pretext for smuggling Spanish Secretary for Indies on Dutch [V.C III, 381 claim to 1772 1778 1841 The fishery toward the Orinoco was not abandoned by Dutch after 1769 Director-General reports the fishery still closed in Orinoco Dutch rights on the Orinoco denied by Garriga Centurion denies Dutch exercise of fishery rights Recommends refusal of these rights Renewal of the fishery in Orinoco hoped for by Director-General In the Orinoco, condemned by Dutch official as teaching the young slaves to know the way to Orinoco Schomburgk on value of Barima and Waini mouths for B.C., 53 B.CAp. II, 189,190, 195-7 :3.CAp.II,190, 191,194-5 B.C., 53 B.C. Ap. II, 204 B.C. Ap. II, 215-16 B.C. Ap. II, 225 B.C Ap. Ill, 144 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143 V.C. II, 176 V.C, 138 n. B C 52 B!cAp. Ill, 175-6, 181 B.C. Ap. Ill, 183 3.C. Ap. IV, 2, 11, 41 V.C, 138 0. II, 190 B.C. Ap. IV, 28 B.C., 56 B.C. Ap. IV, 31, 49, 52 56, 59, 62, 65 V.C II, 200 B.C. Ap. IV, 31 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 52, 56, 59, 62, 65 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 52, 56, 59, 62, 65 V.C, 138 B.C.C, 88 B.C. Ap. IV, 76 B.C. Ap. IV, 49 V.C. II, 373 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B.C. Ap. IV, 103 V.C. II, 217 B.C. Ap. IV, 191 V.C. II, 234 B.C Ap. VII, 13 143 Fishery — Fort Island.] Fishery — continued. Fitzgerald, Cyrenius C (See under Concessions.) Flag Island = Fort Island (Essequibo), q.v. Fleming v. Page Flores, Don Juan Dion Gonzales de, Lieutenant of Infantry 1897 1760 Present Indian custom of fishing up to Amakuru Quoted on title by conquest Expedition to Barima, under orders to at tack the Dutch settled there Flores, Manuel A. . . Flushing, City of . . Forest Region of Guiana . , Fort Island (or Flag Island) on the Lower Essequibo 1761 1777 1657 1758 1738 1739 1739 -40 1743 1750 1755 1768 1773 1795 (193) Declaration concerning the raid on Barima Director-General Gravesande's remarks on the raid Map of Spanish Guayana . . Agreement with Middelburgh and Vere for joint colonization of Wild Coast (See under Walcheren Cities.) Mission Indians recruited from Extent of, in Cuyuni valley Garriga regards Dutch as supreme in The New Fort (F. Zeelandia) established. Three soldiers, deserting from the New Fort, arrested in Waini and punished Commandeur's letter dated from Fort Zee landia Dutch seat of government transferred to Adopted us Dutch seat of government in place of Cartabo Fort Zeelandia established on Position and strength of the fort described in Spanish official report Minute report on the Fort by Alvarado . . Petition as to land of Lutheran Church on Building of a town on, contemplated Head Clerk of (Colonial) Secretary's office, living in 2 0 B.C. Ap. VII, 222, 3, 4 V.A., 279 B.C., 16 B.C. Ap. II, 187-196 V.C, 140 VCII. 327 B.CC, 90 B.A., 22 V.A. II, 460, 538 B.C Ap. II, 189-190 B.C. Ap. II, 198 V.C, 142 V.C. II, 121 V.C. Atlas, 77 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 145 V.C II. 34 B.C.C. Ap., 27-30 B.C., 8 V.C.C, 27 V.C.C, 8 B.C., 116 B.C. Atlas, 1 V.C. Ill, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 28 V.C, 107 B.C., 35 B.C, 36 B.C.C, Ap., 194 B.C. Ap. II, 116, 117 B.C Ap. II, 200 B.C.C. Ap., 366 B.C Ap. VI, 41 144 Fort Island— Franciscan Fathers.] Fort Island— continued. 1803 Ruinous state of ; proposal to remove the Capital frcm Court of Policy already removed to the Demerara 1806 Question of removal of Capital from 1837 Suggested repair of buildings on .. 1837 The old DutchPost formerly on the Boerasiri 44 Creek moved to, and maintained at 1 1840 Dutch church on, in bad state; services seldom held there Chapel of Methodist Missionary Society at | Population large, chiefly "the King's JNegroes " Decay of importance of . . . Dutch church on, lately restored Extant Dutch buildings on Fort der Hooge Fort, the New=Fort Zee landia, q.v. Fort Zeelandia, on Fort Island, q.v. Fort of S. Francesco de Assis of Guayana. See under Orinoco. 18441897 16— 1760 Fort of Limones (see under Orinoco) Fort of St. Diego (see under Orinoco) Fort St. Joaquin Fortique, Senor Alejo, Pleni potentiary of Ven. in London Fortique Line Fragas, Juan Jose Franciscan Fathers. (See under Missions, Spanish.) 1842 1841 1844 1877 1758 Tradition as to this, as preceding Fort |V.CC II, 59, 61-2 Kijkoveral, and ou the same site, ex amined by Burr B.C.C Ap., 259 B.CC. Ap., 260 B.C.C. Ap., 263 B.C. Ap. VI, 62 B.C. Ap. VI, 25, 02, 86, 88. 90-91, 96, 104, 130 B.C.C. Ap., 292, 295 B.C. Ap. VI, 101, 109, 115 B.C.C. Ap., 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 101-104 B.C.C Ap., 292 B.C.C. Ap., 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 131 B.C. Ap. VI, 131 B.C. Ap. VII, 239, 240-2 The chief harbour of S. Thome Description of, by Solano Solano refers to, as only defence of Guayana and Orinoco Description of, by Solano Description of, by Solano Brazilian Frontier Post, on Rio Branco . . Strength of . Nearest Brazilian centre is Bara, at junction of River Negro with Amazon Minister Plenipotentiary of Republic of Venezuela (See under Diplomacy.) Death of, temporarily closes boundary negotiations Statement of, by S. Fortique ; rebuttal of, by Lord Aberdeen Upheld by President Guzman Blanco Soldier employed in Cuyuni raid; his declaration B.C. Ap. II, 188 B.C. Ap. II, 205 B.C. Ap. 11, 204 B.C. Ap. II, 204, 206 B.C. Ap. II, 204-5 B.C.Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 121 B.C. Ap. VI, 121 B.C Ap. VII, 91 B.C. Ap. VII, 88, 90 B.C Ap. VII, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 162-3 V.C. II, 312 ,145 Fraser— French Action.] Fraser, J., Major Fraser, H. B. Fraser, James Fraser, Hannah Frederick (Indian) Free Settlers French v. Pearcs French Action 1813 1819 -23 1825 1839 1832 1628 1656 1664 1717 1676 1680 -84 (6?; 1683 1684 1684 -85 1685 1686 1688 1689 Leads Indians from Pomeroon and Waini against revolted negroes Civil Commissary in Essequibo His complaint against Postholder Stoll for seizure of his boat in Moruka Found by Superintendent to be living in Barima R. Trial of, see under Jurisdiction over Indians Right of colonists to select land . . Selection of land permitted Selection of land at Brewershoek on the Essequibo by Jan Doensen This alleged to be earliest instance of " free plantation " Memorial to Zeeland Chamber against Company's monopolies Quoted on exclusiveness required by ad verse holders Possession by French, if any, between Orinoco and Essequibo, no argument in favour of Spain Windward coasts held by ; proposal of Dutch to attack Blockade Orinoco and take Santo Thome . . Trading with Barima Caribs of Barima temporarily act with . . Burn Indian houses on Pariacot Savannah Said to be coming to Cuyuni On the Pariacot Savannah Alleged French establishment in Barima . . Declare war with the Dutch Raid on Pomeroon Attack Pomeroon Sojourning in Barima B.C. Ap. VI, 1, 2, 3 B.C. Ap. VI, 18-19 B.C.C. Ap., 269-70 B.CC. Ap., 271-3 B.C Ap. VI, 71 and 72, 17: B.C. Ap. I, 68 B.C. Ap. I, 138 V.C. II, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 162-3 V.C. II, 35 V.A. II, 396 B.C. Ap. I. 246 V.C. II, 77 V.A., 368 B.C.C, 61 B.C. Ap. I, 177 B.C. 81 B.C. Ap. I, 185, 187-S V.C II, 43 V.C. II, 47 B.C.C, 60 V.C, 86 V.C. II, 44 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. I, 187 V.C. II, 47 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C, 89 B.C Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 52 B.C. Ap. 1, 201 V.C. II, 59 V.C, 88-9 V.A., 445 V.C. Ill, 59 V.C, 88 B.C., 29 B.C Ap. I, 210 V.C. II, 60 B.CC, 60 V.C. II, 59 146' French Action — Garrett.] French Action — continued. 1689 1695 Frijlink Frog Indians =Maopity an s q.v. Fuentes, Philippe de Galle, Daniel Gallegos, Senor Jose, Vene zuelan Foreign Minister " Garambo Garlyn, Anthony Garden, Comte de . . Garrett, Thomas 1700 -25 1701 1709 -12 ?1712 1749 1760 18541 1660 -61 1684 1836 1700 1701 1874 1875 Burr on alleged fort of, in Barima . Said to be in Pomeroon Attack on Essequibo by, feared by the Dutch Alleged Spanish permission to, to trade in Barima Ceases as regards Barima Rumours of French designs on Waini Unsuccessful attacks with Spaniards, on Wakepo Post In Pomeroon Intend to establish themselves in Tobago. Trade in Orinoco Governor of Martinique claims empty title of Governor from Amazon to Orinoco Privateers on Coast. Map by A Jewish planter of Pomeroon Postholder in Pomeroon before Correspondence with Sir R. K. Porter on need for Ighthouse at mouth of Orinoco As used by Alvarado, certainly = Mora- whana, q.v. An Essequibo sett'cr, sentenced for crime, but dealt with leniently In charge of bread garden of Kijkoveral, appointed manager of Company's Planta tion, North Middelburgh, vice Frans Cantenaar, discharged Cited by Burr as to Treaty of Munster . . Murderer, arrested by British in Amakuru . Convicted ani1 sentenced . . H'S friends assert to Venezuelan authori ties that he was arrested on Venezuelan territory V.CC. II, 217 V.C, 90 V.C. II, 64 V.C, 90 V.C. II, 64 V.C, 94 V.C. II, 73-4, 75 B.C.C, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 224 B.C., 32 B.C. Ap. I, 235 V.C, 95 V.C. II, 74, 75 B.C. Ap. II, 62 B.C. Ap. II, 62 V.C. II, 104 B.C. Ap. II, 61, 62 V.C. II, 102 B.C. Ap. II, 197 V.C.C. Atlas, 21 B.C.C. Ap., 32-33 B.C, 31, 83, 114 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C, 87, 101 V.C II, 45 B.C. Ap. VII, 82-4 B.C Ap. II, 113 B.CC Ap., 100 B.CC. Ap., 151, 158 V.C.C. II, 14 S B.C 72 B.C Ap. VI, 212, 214 B.C. Ap. VI, 216 V.A. II, 716-718 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 Garrett - Gervase.] 147 Garrett — continued. Garriga, Fray Benito de la, Prelect of Spanish missions Gelskerke. Herman. . Gervais, Nicholas, Bishop of Oran Gerbier, Balthazar Gerbrandus, Johannes Gerbrandus Island Gervase or Geivais. See Bishop of Oran. (193) 1875 1750 1758 1769 1772 1782 172817291731 1734 1739 1729 16591700 Protest against arrest of, by Dr. Montbrun, Consul for Venezuela in Trinidad Governor Longden refuses to consider B.C. Ap. VI, 215 Moutbruii's protest B.C Ap. VI, 212, 214-15 Venezuelan Government informed by Gover nor Longden as to facts of arrest The arrest upheld by Lord Derby An eye-witness of the massacres of the missionaries Letter to Commandant of Guayana on Cuyuni raid Explains that raid originated from a letter of his own Proposes a fort near mouth of Curumo or or island in Cuyuni His letters to Iturriaga, on Spauish raid on Cuyuni Post Letter to King of Spain, justifying Moruka raid His evidence on inquiry consequent on Dutch Remonstrance Ou position of Cuyuni Post Expedition to Parime, allusion to by Mission enterprise of Letter to de Sebadt-1 on the missions of Cura Secretary to Court of Policy As Commandeur of Essequibo (Commandeur from 1729 to 1742) Commandeur. . Letter on rumour of Swedes in Barima As Comman leur signs letter from New Fort, to Company Visits Essequilio and Berbice and is after wards murdered in Aguirre Grant by States General to, treats whole Wild Coast as open (Burr) Surgeon at Plantation de Fortinjir In Lower Massaruni . . 2P B.C. Ap. VI, 212-14 B.C. Ap. VI, 215 B.C. Ap. IV, 21 B.C., 46, 48, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 145-50 V.C. II, 303 B.A., 19 B.C. Ap. II, 145 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C.C. Ap. 200-4 B.C., 52 B.C. Ap. IV, 19-25 V.C. II, 368 B.C. Ap. IV, 47-50 V.C. II, 372 B.C., 52 B.C. Ap. IV, 23 V.C. II, 408 V.C.C III, 89 B.C. Ap. V, 4 V.C II, 409 V.CC. Ill, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 7 B.C. Ap. II, 9 V.C II, 83 B.C, 34 B.C. Ap. II, 18 B.C. Ap. II, 29 B.CAp. II, 10, 11 V.CC II, 27-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 B.CAp. Vll, 187 Gil- Gold.] 148 .Gil, Luis Antonio, Governor of Province of Guayana Gilbert, Theodore . . Gobel, Jurge. . Goedhart, Jacobus Goes, van der, Adriaeuss Gold 1790 Advocates post on the Curumo Description of condition of Guayana Letter to Lerena as to Spanish post on the Curumo To Count Campo Alange To Lerena, confidential report on Dutch fugitives 1791 Nov. 22. Requires time to protect the Orinoco 1797 1838 -40 1746 177016261637 1640 1597 -8 1755 1847 -50 1857 1863 1880 1886 1887 Orders reconnaissances on the Orinoco Postholder of Pomeroon, also medical officer A deserting Dutch Postholder living in Spanish village in Orinoco Owner of free plantation Heerenbeek " To lie " in the River Essequibo Desires to leave Essequibo. . Had not erected a fort Sought for by Cabeliau Alvarado on the prospects of gold in Spanish Mission area Discoveries of, on the Yuruari River Governor Wodehouse on effects of dis covery of, in Venezuela and French Guiana Secretary of Stale's Instructions to Governor Wodehouse, in view of dis covery of gold in Guiana Court of Policy asks for geologist, and sends out two expeditions to prospect Prospecting expedition, to Yuruari, of Holmes, Campbell and Blair Prospecting expedition of Shier, Shanks and Cameron Expedition of R. N. Brotherson to Upper Essequibo in search of Search for, in the Cuyuni Being worked at Tupuquen B.C. Ap V, 116-8 V.C II, 473 B.C Ap. V, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 83 V.C. 11, 476 B.C. Ap. V, 117 V.C. II, 475 B.C. Ap. V, 132 B.C Ap. V, 167 B.C Ap. VI, 88, 94, 104 B.CC. Ap., 284, 292 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C.C Ap., 115 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 63 V.C II, 20 V.C. 71 V.C. II, 27 B.C Ap. I, 21 V.C II, 10 B.C. Ap. II, 105-7 V.C. II, 299 B.C., 71-2 B.C. Ap. VI, 181-2 V.i'., 180 B.C Ap. VI, 202 B.C. Ap. VI, 202 B.C. Ap. VI, 203 B.C. Ap. VI, 203 207 V.C, 180 B.C Ap. VI, 20o B.C Ap. VI, 204 V.C., 182 V.C, 183 Rumoured discovery iu the Puruni R. V.C 18£ (Massaruni) "' Licences to be issued by British authority j B.C. Ap. Wl 237 up to Schomburgk line British prospectious for gold proposed in Barima and Amakuru B.C. A p. VI, 244 Gold— Governors.] 149 G old — con tinned. Goliat, Cornelius (Military Commandeur in Pomeroon ?) Gomez Gondomar, Ambassador to James I Goodall Gordon, Herbert Goritss, Gerrit Gormanston, Lord,Governor of British Guiana Gos, Pedro de Governors, Dutch. [Commandeurs, 1628-1751 Director Generals, 1751- 1785 ; Governors from 1785.] CoSlMANDEUBS. . 1887 18911898 1657 1658 1663 1601 1883 1884 1747 1890 Alleged discovery of, in the Barima Condition of the diggings in British Guiana A million dollars of revenue said to have been derived by Great Britain from gold in disputed area Offers to go to Wild Coast. . Commissary of Nova Zeelandia 1891 1892 1758 Had recently died Retreat of . . Accompanied Schomburgk Boundary Ex peditions as Artist Attorney for Cyrenius C Field Grant to. (For details see under Conces sions, Venezuelan.) A Company's rover murdered by Indians on Upper Essequibo Sends McTurk to investigate Venezuelan action ou Cuyimi To Secretary of State, reporting arrival of Seijas as Venezuelan envoy to disputed To Sectetary of State, forwarding Venezuelan protest against alleged British usurpation of territory To Secretary of State, acknowledging despatch re Venezuelan aggression on Yuruari and Cuyuni Declines to treat with Seijas To Secretary of State; forwards McTurk's report on Venezuelan action on Cuyuni To Secretary of State, reporting arrival of Venezuelan settlers on Amakuru To Secretary of State ; reports Police Station at mouth of Uruari completed and manned At St. Thome, ordered to translate letter of Director-General of Essequibo 1628 1650 -46 1 Established on the Wild Coast . . Of Essequibo, Aert Adriaenssen Groenwegen V.C, 183 B.C.C, 118 V.A. 65 B.C. Ap. I, 145 V.C, 78 V.C. II, 34 B.C. Ap. I, 146 V.C. II, 34 B.C.C Ap., 34, 40, 41 V.C.C. Ill, 2 B C Ap. VII, 44, 50, 55, 56 B.C Ap. VI, 220 B.C. B.C , 77 A P. VI, 221-2 B.C Ap. H, 52 B.C Ap VI, 217 B.C Ap. VI, 245 B.C AP. VI, 245 B.C Ap. vi, 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 245 B.C Ap. VI 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 249 B.C. Ap. vi, 250 B.C. Ap. II, 153 B.C Ap. I, 65 B.C Ap. I, 148, 172 V.C.C, 36 Governors.] 150 Governors — continued. Co.mmandeurs — continued. 1663 1664 1670 -76 16721670 1672 1673 1675 1676 -8 1678 -90 1684 1686 9- 1690- 17071690 170117061707 -19 1709 1714 17171718 1719 -29 1723 1724 1726 At Pomeroon, J. de Fijn ; letter from, to W.I. Co. on state of Pomeroon Colony Visits Orinoco, returning by Barima, inspects that place " in order to see whether it was suitable to dwell in, and to see whether vessels could come into the river " At Pomeroon, Theodoras Saal Of Essequibo, Hendrick Roll Ready to depart for Essequibo Commandeur of Fort and Colony of Esse quibo Report on condition of Colony Letter of West India Company to, on trade Of Essequibo, Jacob Hars Of Essequibo, Abraham Beekman . . Letter of reproof by Company to Com mandeur Beekman Of Pomeroon, J. de Jonge ungranted land Of Essequibo, Samuel Beekman , . Examines Bonasika Creek, with a view to cultivation Invites the Colonists to send to Upper Cuyuui for horses Of Essequibo, Peter van der Heijden Resen Orders all vessels to call at Fort (Kijkoveral) Exhorted by Company to maintain trade monopoly Recommends trade in gums Permitted by Company to allow strictly limited rights of trade to settlers Arrests illicit Surinam trader from Orinoco Proclamation against timber cutting on ungranted land Of Essequibo, Laurens de Heere Of Essequibo, insists on support of allied Indians against hostile Indians Letter to Governor of Orinoco advising despatch of traders, who were not to trade iu upper river without Governor's sanction B.C.C. Ap., 34-42 B.C.C. Ap., 37-8 B C. Ap. I, 150 B.C.C. Ap., 43 B.C.C Ap., 45 V.C. 81 V C Ap. I, 34, II, 35 B.C.C. Ap., 45 B.C.A. I., 173 V.C .Ap. I, 36 V.C. Ap. I, 37 V.C, 87 V.C. II, 48 B.C., 29 B.C. Ap. I, 192-3, 199, 203, 208, 210 B.C. Ap. I, 222 B.C.C. Ap., 123 B.C.C. Ap., 135, 6 B.C.C. Ap., 159 B.C.C. Ap., 159 B.C. Ap. I, 245 B.C. Ap. I, 248 B.C. Ap. I, 248 B.C. Ap. I, 248 B.C. Ap. I, 249 V.C. II, 79 B.C. Ap. II, 2 B.C. Ap. II, 4 151 Governors.] Governors— continued. Commandeurs — continued. 1726 1728 1729 -42 1729 1730 1731 1734 1735 Visits Moruka to select a spot to which to move the Post from Wakepo Letter to Governor of Orinoco requesting return of runaway slaves Of Essequibo, Herman Gelskerke . „ (193) 17371738 1739 1741 1742 -51 1742 Proclamation against maltreatment of Indians by colonists Proclamation reserving trade in Cuyuni and Massaruni for Company Informs Governor of Martinique of murder of Bishop of Oran Forwards fresh sample of Indigo to the Company Supplies Governor of Orinoco with pro visions in exchange for horses His fears of war discounted by Company Action in encouraging trade with Orinoco approved by Company Advised by Company to continue negoti ations with Governor of Orinoco Ordered to search vessels arriving and departing for contraband of war Ordered to prevent export of slaves Explains that Spanish Settlements on Orinoco are dependent on Dutch in Essequibo Action iu supplying bread to Governor of Orinoco not approved by Company Reports to Company on Dutch trade with Indians Represents to Company the probable mineral wealth of Cuyuni His recommendation to prospect for minerals in Cuyuni is considered by Company Sends home samples of ores from Cuyuni Proposes further prospection in Cuyuni for minerals Recommends Horstman's expedition to Company Reports Horstman started up Essequibo in November Reports hopefully on prospects of Horst man's journey Reports that mining in Cuyuni will be resumed Reports to Company that Horstman had planted Dutch flag on Lake Parima Laurens Storms van s'Gravesande Reports Horstman's treacherous passing over to the Portuguese 2 Q B.C. Ap. II, 5, 6 B.C. A p. II, 9 B.C. Ap. II, 9, 29 V.C. II, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 9 B C Ap. II, 10, 12 B.C. Ap. II, 11 B.C. Ap II, 12 B.C. Ap. II, 17 B.C. Ap. II, 19 BC. Ap. II, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.CAp. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C. Ap. II, 24, 25 B.C. Ap. II, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 28 B.C. Ap. II, 29 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 32 B.C. Ap. II, 35 B.C Ap. II, 35 B.C Ap. II, 36 152 Governors.] Governors — continued. Commandeijrs — continued. 1744 1746 1747 1748 1749 Advises establishment of a Postholder in Barima Has not yet found suitable Postholder for Barima Reports favourably on Courthial's scheme for road through forest of Cuyuni Proposes to remove Post from Demerara to Courthial's road on Cuyuni Reports rumoured foundation of Spanish mission on Cuyuni and asks instructions Assists Caribs of Waini against assaults from Indians of Orinoco Prohibits Carib allies on Cuyuni from attacking Spanish missions Reports piratical seizure by Spaniards of Dutch canoes at Orinoco Mouth Doubts utility of applying to Spanish Governor for delivery of deserters Doubts as to whether to destroy supposed Spanish Fort on Cuyuni Reports rumour of discovery by Spaniards of sources of Cuyuni and Massaruni and of Lake Parime Suggests Spanish intention to establish themselves behind Dutch colony Reports that the hostile Indians who were in Moruka had returned to Orinoco Reports murder of two Company's rovers by Indians, on Upper Essequibo Closes Upper Essequibo to traffic, except through Postholders Encouragement of trade between Essequibo and Orinoco Reports Spaniards to be approaching Cuyuni Commends faithfulness of Postholder, Moruka Reports map sent by him to Company had been intercepted by French Commends Courthial's scheme for develop ment of Colony to Company Advises Indians of Cuyuni to take their own measures against the Spaniards Reports that the Spaniards had not yet built forts or missions on the Cuyuni Reports Caribs at war with Warows Promises to encourage trade with Orinoco through Moruka Reports proposal of Spanish Governor for cartel for exchange of deserters Reports Dutch from Surinam allowed to trade in Barima for red slaves B.C Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 45-6 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 47-8 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 48, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ap. II, 55 B.C. Ap. II, 56, 57 B.C. Ap., 57 V.C. II, 101 B.C. Ap. II, 57 B.C., 36 B.C. Ap. II, 57 B.C. Ap. II, 58-9 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 60, 61 B.C. Ap, 61 B.C Ap. II, 61 153 Governors.] Governors — continued. Commandeurs — continued. 1749 1750 Director-Generals . . 1751 -72 1752 1753 Asserts freedom from dues of Dutch from Surinam trading to Barima Asserts claim to dues from Spaniards trading through Moruka Claims Barima as under his jurisdiction . . Reports trade with Orinoco at a standstill. . Reports on friendly relations with Spanish Governor Reports French Governor of Martinique claims empty title of Governor of the Continent from Amazon to Orinoco Reports Caribs to have killed or brought in runaways Reports discovery of volcano on Siparuni (Upper Essequibo) Reports acquisition of Spanish map show ing discoveries in 1748 on Lake Parime Forwards map to Company Reports Spanish Governor denies Mission on Cuyuni Pleads for more colonists and development of interior Suggests closing rivers Essequibo, Massa runi, and Cuyuni to trade Appears personally before Zeeland Chamber; his report on the Colony of Essequibo Map handed in Of Essequibo ; Adrian Spoors acting Reports the rumour of Spanish Mission on Cuyuni unfounded Reports escape of slaves to Siparuni Calls on Indians to reclaim runaway slaves Of Essequibo and Demerara Rivers Engages Akawoi Indians to recapture runaway slaves near Arinda Disapproves of trade in arms to Indians . . Reports intention of keeping on friendly terms with those of Orinoco Reports intended visit of Governor-General of Cumana to Orinoco Reports intention to send yacht and hard ware to Commandant of Orinoco in exchange for mules Reports rumoured settlement of Swedes in Barima Reports that all land (short of Pomeroon) will soon have been granted B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 60, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C. Ap. II, 62 B.C. Ap. II, 61, d2 B.C. Ap. II, 61, 62 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Ap. II, 62, 63 B.C. Ap., 63 B.C. Ap. II, 66 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C. Ap. II, 66 V.C. II, 105 B.C., 40 B.C Ap. II, 67 B.C. Ap. II, 69 B.C. Ap. II, 69 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C. Ap. II, 71 B.C. Ap. II, 75, 76 V.C. Ap. II, 109 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 76 B.C. Ap. II, 76 3.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 77 Governors.] 154 Governors— continued. Director-Genera ls — contd. 1753 1754 1755 Orders survey of Waini and Pomeroon . . Reports murder of Dutch on Upper Esse quibo by Wapiana Indians, and proposes to employ Caribs against Again reports intention of Spaniards to attack the Dutch Colony Reports friendly relations with new Gover nor of Cumana Reports Spanish Governor has engaged to hand over price of slaves escaping Promises to encourage trade with Orinoco Reports his alarm at rumour that Spanish General is to visit ships mouth of Orinoco Refers to rumoured intentions of Swedes on Barima Refers to rumour of new Spanish Missions on Cuyuni (Meejou Creek) Reports rumours of silver mines south of Waini States that Governor of Cumana had assured him that mission on Cuyuni had been established unwittingly Reports on expected attack by Spaniards Reports Indians a complete defence against any Spanish attack on Cuyuni Reports plantation negroes prepared to assist against Spanish attack Reports rumoured Portuguese attack on Spanish, via Rio Negro Reports on preparations against expected Spanish attack Reports Alvarado's assurance against rumoured Spanish intentions against Dutch His letter to Spanish Commandant asking explanation Reports himself still doubtful as to Spanish intentions Reports no further news as to rumours of Spanish attack Reports himself assured that the Spanish activity supposed to be directed against the Dutch was really for delimitation between Spaniards and Portuguese Reports the Spaniards to have taken pos session of Yuruari, which is indisputabh the Company's possession is indisputably Reports his fear of the secret creeping in, rather than the open attack, of the Spanish Reports arrival of Panacays from up Cuyuni with offer of allegiance Reports rumour that report has gone home to King of Spain of richness of mines between Cuyuni and Massunari B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 88, 59 B.C. 44 B.C. Ap. II, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 91 B.C. Ap. II, 91 B.C. Ap. II, 91 B.C. Ap. II, 92, 93 V.C. II, 112 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C Ap. II, 94 B.C. Ap. II, 96-8 B.C Ap. II, 96 V.C, 133 B.C. Ap. II, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 100 B.C. Ap. II, 103 B.C. Ap. II, 119 B.CAp. 11,119 B.C. Ap. II, 119 B.C. Ap. II, 120 155 Governors.] Governors — continued. Dl RECTOR-GENERALS — COntd. 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 60 1759 (193) Reports Caribs only too ready to be called out against Akawois Reports attack by Akawois on certain planters Reports attempt of Spanish priest to reclaim refugee Indians from Moruka Reports result of trial of Marchal for causing the revolt of the Akawois Complains of difficulty of finding suitable men for Postholders Reports strongly against opening of Pomeroon Reports repeated complaints by Com mandant of Orinoco of evil conduct of traders in Barima His instructions to Postholder of Cuyuni. . Reports Courthial arrested and stripped by Spaniards in Orinoco Sends up Cuyuni to enquire into Spanish raid, and reports result Flatly denies that the raided post was on Spanish ground Reports on timber grants in Pomeroon and Waini His protest to Commandant of Guayana anent Cuyuni raid Affirms that he had always restrained the Caribs against Spanish Letter of, anent Cuyuni raid, brought to Commandant of Orinoco Reply by Spanish Commandant to protest. . Claims Cuyuni River, as arm of the Essequibo, as Dutch Reports second protest against Cuyuni raid returned unopened from Orinoco Reports on importance of Cuyuni River to Dutch Reports Spanish Commandant to disclaim responsibility for Cuyuni Raid * Reports on Cuyuni River,and on D'Anville's map Refers to Waini as the "pretended" boundary, which should really be at Barima Claims that rightful boundary of Colony extends to Barima Reports Spanish authorities have approved restitution of Dutch runaways on pay ment of costs Reports receipt from Orinoco of money for runaway slaves 2 R B.C. Ap. II, 120, 121 B.C Ap. II, 120, 121 B.C. Ap. II, 121, 122 B.C Ap. II, 125-127 B.C. Ap. II, 129 B.C. Ap. II, 135, 136 B.C. Ap. II, 131 V.C. Il, 119 B.C. Ap. II, 168-9 V.C. II, 128 B.C. Ap. II, 139 B.C. Ap. II, 143-4, 172, 175 V.C II, 125 B.C. Ap. II, 144 B.C. Ap. II, 142, 143 B.C., 49; .B.CAp. II, 154-5, 172, 176-7, 177-9 V.C. II, 123 B.C. Ap. II, 155 B.C. Ap. II, 153 B.C Ap. II, 169-170, 1 71 B.C Ap. II, 172, 180, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 174 V.C II, 130 B.C. Ap. II, 172 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 180, 181,184-5. 199, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 180 B.C Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 132 Governors.] 156 Governors— continued. Director-Generals — contd. 1760 1761 1762 Reports on Cuyuni raid, and repudiates intention of unauthorised reprisals on Spaniards Alludes to half -free Creoles living in Cuyuni Unable to ship produce, on account of dis turbance at Plantation Aechterkerke Arranges for Caribs to guard coast against runaway slaves Reports Spanish raid on Barima Claims Barima as " within the Company's territory " Reports Spanish threats against Moruka Post Reports Moruka Post reinforced against Spanish attack Reports instructions to Postholder Moruka against allowing more than a single Spaniard to pass Post Reports Cuyuni Post not yet re-established Reports scarcity of provisions on account of Spanish action on fishery Reports Cuyuni Post (of raid of 1758) clearly within Company's territory Reports Cuyuni in a state of disturbance owing to Spanish interference with Indians there Assumes that the Spaniards do not really consider Barima their territory Refers to Spanish complaints of depre dators in Barima Reports Barima to be Company's territory by tradition of oldest settlers Reports having heard from old Caribs of Company's Post in Barima Reports Caribs in Barima often ask for re- establishment of Dutch Post on that river Refers to Spanish raid on Barima in 1760 Prefers Spanish traders coming to Esse quibo, rather than Dutch going to Orinoco Asserts that Flores' instructions were to capture Surinam rovers Claims to have always restrained the Indians against Spanish Reports Dutch trade with Orinoco going on pretty fairly Urges Company to take action anent Spanish outrage iu Cuyuni Reports Indians in Cuyuni disturbed by Spanish interference Reports why he did not claim boats seized by Spaniards Reproved by Zeeland Clamber for not claiming boats seized by Spanish B.C. V.C. V.A, B.C. B.C. Ap. II, 484-185 II, 140 74 Ap. II, 185 Ap. II, 186 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. 11, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C.B.C. B.C. B.C B.C. B.C. B.C.B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C.B.C. B.C B.C. B.C.B.C. B.C. B.C. Ap. II, 197 Ap. II, 197 Ap. II, 199 Ap. II, 201-2 Ap. II, 201 Ap. II, 201 Ap. II, 201 Ap. II, 201 Ap. II, 201 Ap. II, 199 Ap. II, 198 Ap. II, 199 Ap. II, 202 Ap. II, 210 Ap. II, 211 Ap. II, 211 Ap. II, 213 Ap. II, 214 Governors.] 157 Governors — continued. Director-Generals — cont. 1762 1763 1764 1764 -6 1772 -81 1781 _2 1782 -3 Reports rumours of Spanish attack on Moruka, and proposes to arm the Caribs Reports boat of Plantation de Pelgrim seized, near Waini, by Trinidad pirates Reports expected attack by Trinidad pirate on Perrick's plantation Reports Caribs freely offer assistance . . Proposes to send envoy to Trinidad to protest against piracies Sends v. d. Cruijsse as Envoy to Trinidad. . Letter to Governor of Trinidad Reports conciliatory letter from Governor of Trinidad anent piracies Reports Gov. of Trinidad proposes to open communication between the island and Essequibo Writes "Waini (indisputably the territory of the Company) " Reports forebodings as to affairs in Cuyuni Reports Post Arinda in order and appoint ment of new Postholder Recommends re-establishment of Post in Cuyuni Reports on slave revolt in Berbice, and employment of Indians from Upper Essequibo against Reports on the four Posts, i.e., of Moruka, Mahaicony, Arinda, and Cuyuni Reports Caribs, Akawois, and Warows from Waini, all assisting against revolted Berbice negroes Reports Manoas Indians propose to leave the Portuguese and join the Dutch Proposes to send La Chau and Elias Lind green to explore above Arinda On proposal for map of Essequibo by his son-in-law (v. Bercheyck) Defers re-establishment of Cuyuni Post until suppression of slave revolt Hi3 treatise on the Posts Letter attributed to Director-General as to not mentioning Barima in passes, from deference to the Spaniards Reports rumour of a white man passing down Cuyuni River, up Massaruni Director-General of the two rivers, George Hendrick Trotz Lieut-Colonel Robert Kingston (English occupation) Marquis de Lusignan, Count de Kersaint and General de la Perriere (French occupation) B.C. Ap. II, 216-7 BC Ap. II, 216-7 B.C. Ap. II, 217-8 Bfl. Ap. II, 218 B.C. Ap. II, 218 B.C. Ap. II, 219 B.C. Ap. II, 219, 220 B.C Ap. II, 218 B.C Ap. II, 219 B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C. Ap. II, 217 B.C. Ap. II, 221 B.C Ap. II, 221 B.C. Ap. II, 223-4 B.C. Ap. II, 226-7 V.C. II, 154 B.C. Ap. II, 226-7 B.C. Ap. II, 222-3 B.C. Ap. II, 222 B.C. Ap. II, 222 B.C. Ap. II, 227 B.C. Ap. Ill, 107-14 V.C. II, 154 B.C Ap. Ill, 114 V.C II, 158 V.A., 76 B.C. Ap. Ill, 116, 128 158 Governors— Great Mouth.] Governors — continued. Director-Generals — contd. Governors, Spanish Grados, Gerommo de Grants, Papal Grant, S. C. N., Major R.E., Intelligence Dept. Granville, lord. See under Diplomacy. Granville Line Gravesande, Laurens Storm van s' 1784 -5 17851793159-1597 1618 1690 1617 1619 15231530 1881 1881 -3 1887 1739 1743 -50 1750 -72 J. Bourda Jan L'Espinasse .. Baron van Grovestins, of Essequibo and Demerara Antonio de Berrio de Oruna Fernando de Berrio de Oruna Diego de Palomeque (defends S. Thome against Raleigh) Sebastian de Rotela (on isolation of S. Thome; Resists Raleigh . . . . . . Last of the early Spanish voyagers to east of Orinoco ; taken prisoner by English and Dutch in the Essequibo River [British account criticised] Francis I. on. . Queen Elizabeth of England on Declaration of Statement of . . The line never accepted by Venezuela ... Lord Salisbury's reference to Said to have been the inventor of the " Extended boundary " Said to have first actively pressed coast limits As Secretary, signs letter from "the Sew Fort " to the Company Proposes personally to prospect in the " Blue Mountains " Commandeur of Essequibo Director-Geneial of Essequibo (including the Demerara) for details see under Governors, Dutch, 1743-72 Map of . . Gray, Robert.. 1826 Great Mouth" of the Orinoco River = Boca dej Navios, q v. I B.C.C. Ap., 257 B.C. Ap. B.C. Ap. I, 17 B.C. Ap. I, 49 V.C. II, 265 B.C., 32 B.C. Ap. I, 211-2 V.C, 48 B.C., 24 V.C.C, 36 B.C.C, 44 B.C.C, 44 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 B.C. Ap. VII, 99-100 B.C., 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 101-27 V.C. 111,184 B.C. Ap. VII, 133 V.A., 317 ; II, 536 V.A., 337 B.C. Ap. II, 29 B.C. Ap. II. 30 Petition for land grant opposite Arapiakru in Pomeroon B.C. Atlas, 17, 18, 19 V.C. Atlas, 60 B.C, 36 B.C. Ap. II, 57, 93, 129, 180-1, 185, 199, 201; VII, 352-3 V C. II, 100, 140 B.C.C Ap., 273 159 G rifflths— Guayana.] Griffiths, Simon, Arawak iudian, Moruka Grimaldi Groelindorst, Pilot J. Groenewege, Amos van . . Groenwegel= Groenewegen, q.v. Groenewegen,Aert Adriaens sen 1769 1753 1700 1616 1650 -64 1662 Declaration of Spanish Minister; reply to Remonstrance His survey of Waini and Pomeroon Postholder in Demerara Gromweagle = Groenewegen. q.v. Groot, A. van Ryck de Grotius, H 1831 His Expedition to Guiana . . Commandeur of Esseauibo . . Spanish reference to his alleged conduct to avoid the Inquisition [British allegations concerning, criticised] B.C/Ap. VII, 223 B.C. Ap. IV, 38 V.C. II, 211 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 1648 Grovestins, Baron Sirtima van Grube v. Wells Guaeapou Creek = Wakepo Creek, q.v. Guacipati Guaina River = Waini River, q.v. Gual, Don M. Guanarimpo Creek =Kair- amab Creek, q.v. Guaranos= Warow Indians, Guarapiche River . . Guayana or Guiana, as a geographical expression 1790 1887 (193) 1753 -57 As Protector of Indians Mare Liberum On limits of title by conquest On interpretation of treaties Dutch held principles of his Mare Liberum (Burr) Governor of Demerara and Essequibo (See under Governors, Dutch, 1790-3) Report on Essequibo and Demerara Quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders B.C, 23 B.C. Ap. I, 169 B.C., 27 B.C. Ap. I, 148, 172 V.C.C, 36 B.C. Ap. I, 159 V.C.C, 36 B.C Ap. VI, 41 B.CC, 45 V.A., 276 V.A., 289 V.C.C. II, 12 B.C. Ap. V, 79-82 V.C. II, 243 V.A., 374 On Yuruari R. Venezuelan concession for railway to Governor of Cumana 1719 Spanish expedition against Caribs of Definition of 2 S B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C. Ap. Ill, 8 B.C Ap. Ill, 6 B.C., 6 Guayana.] 160 Guayana, Spanish Province of S. Thome de la 1530 1591 1593 1595 1597 1600 -48 11603- 1700 1608 1609 16141615 1618 1638 16401653 1662 1671 Early knowledge of Province of . . Scott's designation of Guayana as a Province Alleged early exclusion of foreigners by Spain Claimed by Spanish Ambassador to James I Grant of, to Ordaz Berrio appointed Governor. . Formal annexation of, by de Vera No spot settled by Spaniards Denoted mythical land free from control of Europeans (Mallet-Prevost) S. Thome regarded as at entrance of,|by de Vera Whole of regarded as open to colonization, though not exclusively by Dutch (Burr) Not regarded by Dutch as wholly Spanish (Burr) Nor by English or French (Burr) Whole coast regarded as open by Harcourt Suggestion of Gondomar to contrary Whole coast open under truce (Usselinx, approved by Burr) Beltranilla affirms only two towns in, one in Trinidad and the other S. Thome on Orinoco Governor of Trinidad complains of want of arms in King of Spain alludes to settlements of enemies in King James I. on Spanish settlement (?) . . The Province of Guayana on Lower Orinoco, with S. Thome as centre The New Kingdom of Granada on Upper Orinoco, with S. Fee as centre Escovar reports absolute poverty of Mendoza's failure to organize, from failure of royal support Reported by Mendoza to be hardly main tained against Dutch assaults United to Government of Santa Fe Report by Council of Indies on state of . . Aldana on depletion of royal coffers of . . V.A., 177 V.A., 178 V.C, 44 V.C, 52 V.A., 1 V.A., 2 V.C, 38-41 B.C. Ap. I, 5 V.C.C. II, 272, 273 B.C., 21 B.C. Ap. I, 16 V.CC. II, 180 V.C.C. II, 12, 27, 28, 49, 50 V.C.C. II, 27 V.C.C. II, 54, 57 V.C.C. II, 56 V.C.C. II, 52 1686 j Three Spanish towns (i.e. Missions) said to • -7 have been founded iu B.C.C, 30 B.C.C. Ap., 8 B.C. Ap. I, 34 B.C. Ap. I, 54 V.C. II, 264 V.C, 41 B.C.C, 30 B.C.C. Ap., 11 B.C.C. Ap., 11 B.C.C. Ap., 16 B.C.C Ap., 20-5 B.CC. Ap., 22 B.C. Ap. I, 162 B.C. Ap. I, 156 B.C.C. Ap., 44 V.C, 104 161 Guayana.] Guayana — continued. 1703 1720 -63 17201731 1733 1734 1739 ?1739 1747 1750 1755 1763 Extent of, open to colonization, according to Delisle's map (Mallet-Prevost) Diguja's report on progress in Diguja on condition of; S. Thome, with only 20 or 25 houses, the only settlement Royal cedula as to transfer of Province of Guayana from Government of Trinidad to that of Cumana Spanish authorities of, report the defences ot, very insufficient The Governor of Trinidad writes : "Nothing can be expected from the Carib tribe save the total ruin of the province of Guayana " "Is in great danger, and is the only bulwark of the Orinoco . . . and, con sequently, the Dutch of Essequibo and Surinam have free power to extend their colonies " Bishop of Puerto Rico affirms only one Spanish town in Minute by Council of the Indies on re quirements of No land route to, from Cumana, and the river route hardly known " Under the spur of necessity, with great efforts," a road was discovered Government of, said by Diguja to have been transferred from Trinidad to Cumana San Felipe left by Sucre as Lieutenant in Guayana San Felipe on danger to, from Caribs San Felipe proposes to make Cumana centre for garrison San Felipe on the deplorable state of the garrisons Destitution of, according to Iturriaga " A very wretched country .... and far from all administration .... of His Majesty." (Spanish Official Report) Proposal to make it a separate Government, where the Commandant should reside, instead of at Cumana Alvarado reports "Guayana, a province entirely depopulated of our people" ne reports against retention of . . Diguja reports want of resources for development East boundary " the entire coast, on which are the Dutch Colonies " V.CC. II, 287 B.C Ap. Ill, 18-20. 34 B.C. Ap. Ill, 10, 11 B.C. Ap. Ill, 12 B.C.C. Ap., 177-8 B.CC Ap., 176 B.C.C. Ap., 178 B.C.C Ap., 161 B.C.C. Ap., 160 B.C. Ap. Ill, 7 B.C. Ap. Ill, 7 B.C. Ap. Ill, 37 B.C.C Ap., 181 B.CC. Ap., 183 B.C.C. Ap., 181 B.C, 38 B.C. Ap. II, 52-4 B.C.C. Ap., 193 B.C.C. Ap., 193 B.C. Ap. II, 107 B.C Ap, II, 107 B.CAp. 111,9, 10 B.C. Ap. Ill, 61 Guayana — Guipanovis.] 162 Guayana — continued. 1763 Guayana, City of = St. Thome Guerrero, Don Antonio de . . "Guiana, Old," i.e. S. Thome, q.v. Guillielmi. See references under Gill. Guinea Coast Guipanovis . . 1766 -73 1769 1771 1773 1777 1779 1788 1847 1850 1634 1723 1649 -58 1747 Diguja writes of "the few and confused notices which we possess concerning the Province of Guayana " He says it contains no settlement but S. Thome and missions Table of population, &c. Report on, to Spanish Council of the Indies ; Boundaries of . . Centurion's report on condition of. Increase in prosperity of, under Centurion Centurion on the Dutch on the confines of the Province Defences of, described by Crame Province of, protected by its poverty Population and resources of Want of people to extend settlement in . . Abalos' view of eastern boundary Described by Marmion Destitute, miserable, and backward state of Trade of Population of Level on non-Indian population of Level writes : " There is nothing left of that canton to-day but the depopulated terri tory and the Indians in the woods "' Level writes : " That which was the capital has 15 huts " Level writes: "From 1842 . . . the canton has only been visited by the English missionary from Moroco in '44, and since then 3 times " Level writes : " The Province has disap peared " Rumoured Venezuelan intention to place in a state of defence (see e.g.) B.C.C. Ap., 10 Report to Council of the Iudies by B.C. Ap. Ill, 60 B.C. Ap. Ill, 64, 65 V.C. Ill, 382 B.C. Ap. IV, 43 V.C. II, 364 . . B.C. Ap. IV, 82-6 B.C. Ap. IV, 110 B.C. Ap. IV, 111 B.C. Ap. IV, 179-183 B.C. Ap. IV, 177 B.C. Ap. IV, 178 B.C. Ap. IV, 202 B.C., Ap. IV, 194 B.C. Ap. V, 52 V.C.C. Ill, 111 B.C. A p. V, 59 V.C.C III, 126 V.CC. Ill, 121 B.C. A p. VI, 163 B.C. Ap. VI. 162 B.C. Ap. VI, 162 B.C. Ap. VI, 162 B.C. Ap. VI, 152 B.C. Ap. VI, 179-80 Discussion of Treaty of Munster with reference to Indians, hostile to Spanish Missions, said by Iturriaga to have inhabited R. Atabapu V.C.C III, 18 B.C.C, 48, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 54 163 Guirior — Hackney.] Guirior, District of . . Gullifer and Smith Gumilla, Joseph, Missionary Superior of the Society oi Jesus 1773 1778 Gunter, Clemente . . Guotupigne Creek. . Gussefeldt Guzman, Dou Martin de Saavedia y 1820 1733 1734 174-1741 On Paragua River Expedition to, found city of Uprising of Indians at Described by Marmion 1745 1746 1605 1796 1638 1640 Guzman, Christoval Guillien de H. Hackett, J., Lieut Eackney (Pomeroon River) (193) 1711 1842 1840 Journey from Pomeroon, across Cuyuni, to Amazon Letter and petition to Government of Trinidad, on powerlessness of the Mis sions against the Caribs and on the help required Superior of the Jesuit Order of Missionaries of tbe Orinoco Reports in favour of fortifying Fajardo . . Really preferred fortification of Limones . . i Mop by [Mallet-Prevosf Boundary shown by, mission, not political boundary [Mallet-Prevost Report of, on state of Orinoco On Dutch alliance with Caribs a Retracts his opinion in favour of Fajardo . Proceedings against, at Santo Thome Mentioned by Puente as a convenient place for the intended Fort Map by Governor of the New Kingdom of Guayana, complies with appeal for assistance against Dutch from Escovar, Governor of Province of Guayana To King of Spain : blaming Escovar for failure of expedition sent f om New Kingdom for relief of St. Thome aud to dislodge the Dutch from Amakuru and Essequibo Governor of Guiana; his journey up the Orinoco to Angustura Prepares to defend S. Thome B.C. Atlas, 29 B.CAp. IV, 118 V.C.C. Ap. Ill, 93 Visits Pirara and reports on condition of, to Governor Landroy, Catechist at 2 T B.C. Ap. V, 57 V.CC. III. 122 V.C III, 332 B.C.C Ap., 102-63 B.C. Ap. II, 23 B.C. Ap. II, 14, 32 B.C. Ap. II, 14, 32 B.C. Atlas, 15 V.C. Atlas, 56 B.C. Ap. VII, 352-3 B.C, 137 V.CC II, 310 V.C.C. II, 311 B.C. Ap. Ill, 84-89 V.C. II, 294 B.C., 37 B.C Ap. Ill, 84, 84a B.C. Ap. Ill, 92, 93 B.C Ap. I, 163 V.C.C III, 9-13 B.C. Ap. V, 75 V.C.C. II, 309-10 V.C. Atlas, p. 53 B.CC Ap.. 11-15 B.C.C. Ap., 13-15 V.C.C. Ill, 17 V.C.C. Ill, 16 B.C. Ap. VI, 120-122 B.CC. Ap., 292 Hadfield— Hanau Grant.] 164 Hadfield, J. . , Haeft, Adria^n ten, Burgo master of Amsterdam Half-free Creoles Haimaracabra Creek (Mo ruka River) Haimaruni Creek (= Biara) Haiowa Village Hall . . . . . . , . Hamilton, B., Vice-Consul at Ana'ustura Hanau Grant 1838 -9 1598 1599 1738 1776 1779 1840 1841 Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Demerara His map showing parochial divisions oi Colony His expedition for exploration of the Coasts of America " where one could do notable damage to the King of Spain" His proposal for a further voyage Settlement of, allowed on an Island on the Cuyuni 1836 1841 16C9 17t7 Status discussed . . . , . . . . Seen by Inciarte Visited by Superintendent King On Cuyuni, position of, as determined by Schomburgk On tests of effective occupation after discovery Said to support contention of Venezuela . . On absence of pilotage at Orinoco mouth. . Applies to Governor of British Guiana to make cattle track from Orinoco to Essequibo 18 July. Directors of Chartered West India Company grant a tract on the Wild Coast between River Orinoco and River Amazon, at least 6 mijls fr m other Dutch Colonies — -about 30 mijls along sea front and 100 inland Coi'nt of Hanau to be a vassal of the West Iudia Company on the Wild Coast, with out prejudice to his position in Europe Full adrr.inistra'ive and judicial airhority delegated by the West Iud'a Company; but toleration of religious stipulated The concession to be subject to feudal devolution and feudal sub-grants, the Company to be a Suzerain Court as between the Count and sub-feudatories Na viga' ion and trade with the new Colony to be conducted only from the United Netherlands Dues to the West India Company reserved in certain cases Limit of taxation specially laid down No power of alienation permitted to the Count 20 July. Referred to Committee of States- General 24 July. On report of Committee, Grant approved Referred to, in statement of Amsterdam Chamber B.C Ap. VI, 87 V.C, 167 V.C. Atlas, 79 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 V.C. II, 12 V.C. II, 12 B.C., 35 V.C.C, 56 B.CAp. IV, 143 B.C.C. Ap, 230, 251 B.C. Ap. VI 96 B.C Ap. VII, 28 V.A., 202 V.A., 202-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 84-5 B.C. Ap. VII. 72 B.CC , 49-50 B.C.C. Ap., 353 B. Ap., 27 V.C.C II, 27 B.C.C. Ap., 354 B.C.C Ap., 354-5 B.C.C. Ap., 351 B.CC. Ap, 355 B C C Ap., 355 B.C.C. Ap, 356 B.C.C. Ap., 356 B.C.C. Ap, 357 B.C. Ap. Ill, 146 165 Hanau Grant— Heneman.] Hanau Grant— continued. Hancock, Dr. 1841 1844 Schomburgk's reference to. . Lord Aberdeen's reference to Handsome Claesje. . HarcourtHarder, Johan de . . Harris, C. Alexander Harrison, W. A. Harrisse . . . , Hartsinck, Nicolas . , 1811 -12 ; Branco Said to have planted British flag at Pirara His observations on British Guiana B.C. Ap. VII, 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 89 1835 1700 -1 1747 -9 1890 1896 1769 1 1770 Harvey v. Tyler Hebert, L. J., of Quarter master General's office 1842 Heere, Laurens de . , Hendriek, a Warow of Moruka Heneman, J. C (Engineer) van 18F6 nis expedition to Rupununi and Ric B.C, 64 B.CAp. V, 202-3, VII, 4, 46 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 V.C. Ill, 331 B.C.C Ap., 80, 9, 91, 118, 139, 155 V.A., 226 B.C Ap. VII, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 138 B.C., 77 V.CC, 117 B.C. A p. IV, 12 B:C, 24 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C., 139 B.C. Atlas, 25 B.C. Ap. VII, 358-9 V.C.Atlas, 54 V.C.C. II, 310 B.C. Ap. VII, 32 V.A., 374 A Company's negro slave employed to trade iu Cuyuni Charter by James I to Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka . . Sketch map of, S. Urbaneja's reference to Arrest of, by Venezuelans on Cuyuni Author of " The Diplomatic History of America " Permitted to copy Gravesande's map His " Bef-chryving van Guiana"; he asserts exislence of Essequibo colony before 1621 Map by Barima and Amakuru reversed, but ascribec to " Netherlands Guiana" Quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders MS. map by, bused on Schomburgk's lsl aud ^nd MS. maps Curumo Post on map of Secretary of State proposes to lithograph his map His map referred to in proclamation oi Schomburgk line 1890 1890 1723 -4 1834 1770 -6 Reference to his map as showing Schom- B.C. Ap. VII, 137-8 burgk line Publication of his map Commandeur of Essequibo High Sheriff's examination respecting death B.C. Ap. VI, 58 of Maps by B.C, 142 B.C. Atlas, 38, 39 B.C. Ap. VII, 376-7 B.C.C, 99 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 B C, 75 B.C Ap. VI, 237 BC, 142, 144 B.C. Atlas, 38, 39 B.C. Ap. II, 2 V.C. II, 79 B.C.C, 96 B.C.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 360-3 V.C. Atlas, 63-65 V.CC II, 242-50 V.A. II, lxv-lxviii 166 Heneman— Hilhouse,] Heneman — continued. 1776 Report on survey and mapping of Esse quibo and Demerara • V.C. II, 224 B.C. Ap. IV, 166,170 Heres, General 1847 Level on attempt of, to regain the Indian : B.C. Ap. VI, 164-5 Herena Creek (Baiima)= Hiorena Creek, q.v. Hermant, Father A ppolhnaire 1837 Takes charge of mission of St. Rosa * B.C., Ill B.C Ap. VI, 62 B.C.G Ap., 284, 286 Observations by (?) on St. Rosa mission . . B.C. Ap. VI, 62-3 1837 -8 Paid by British Colonial Government B.C.C. Ap., 277-8 1838 Proffers resignation B.C.C. Ap., 284, 286 1839 Reports pastoral action among Indians of Moruka, Waini and Barima B.C Ap. VI, 64 Complaint against, by Indian, preferred before Superintendent B.C Ap. VI, 68, 70 Complaint against, by Superintendent Crichton B.C Ap. VI, 76 1840 Succeeded by Father Cullen B.C.C. Ap., 290 Hernandez, Jan Miguel . . 1782 Sent to investigate alleged acts of Swedes in Barima B.C.C. Ap. 177 V.C.C III, 37 Eerrera, Alonzo de . . 1531 First navigated Orinoco with Ordaz B.C., 20 1537 Orinoco and Meta ascended by VC, 37 V.A. 1 Heyde, van der 1657 Proposal for new colony by, on Wild Coast of Essequibo B.C. Ap. I. 141 V.C. II, 33 Heyden, van der Stephanus Ccrardus 1743 Land granted to, upward from Cartabo . . B.C Ap.VII, 192 1760 Carib interpreter in Court of Justice B.C. Ap. II, 183 1768 Right to graze cattle on Kijkoveral granted to B.C. Ap. VII, 200 1816 Sergeant of Burgher Militia B.C. Ap. VI, 6 1841 His place in Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VI, 108 Hildebrandt, Thomas (Mining Engineer) 1741 Entered in Company's Muster Roll as " Mining Directeur" B.C. Ap. VII, 160 1741 -43 ftlhrng for Compauy up Cuyuni and Mttbsaruni t B.C., 35 B.C Ap. II, 31-40 V.C, 125 V.C II, 92-4 V.C.C, 24 B.A., 41 Hilhouse, William . . 1823 Appointed Quartermaster-General of Indians B.C., 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 22 His Book of Reconnaissances B.C. Ap. VI, 22 On^ payment of Indians employed by Government B.C. Ap. VI, 34 <¦ 1824 Believed of office of Quartermaster- General of Indians B.C. Ap. VI, 35 1826 Warned off Crown Lands in Massaruni by Fiscal B.C. Ap. VI, 36, 38 Hilhouse — Hohenkerk.] 167 Hilhouse — continued. 1826 Indian slave taken from, by Protector of Indians B.C. Ap. VI, 38 1827 Governor D'Urban discredits B.C. Ap. VI, 38 1830 Report on Massaruni V.C, 170 1831 His evidence in the case against the Indian Billy Williams for murder B.C. Ap. VI, 40 1834 A fragment by, on Indians Reference to his memorial to Secretary of State, d/d. February, 1834, on Indian affairs Visits Moruka with Captain Juan B.C. Ap. VI, 52-3 B.C. Ap. VI, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 55 1839 Refutation of memorial of, on asserted absence of control by British or Colom bian authorities between Pomeroon and Orinoco Report by Superintendent Crichton on Memorandum of, in which Hilhouse seems to have suggested that between Pome roon and Amakuru the emancipated negroes were invading Indian Reserve On difficulties of Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VII, 1 B.C Ap. VI, 75-8 V.C, 29 "Hill, The" = Cabacaburi, ' q.v. B.C.C. Ap., 301 Hincks, Governor Sir Francis 1866 His visit to Moruka River B.C.C. Ap., 310 Hinterland Doctrine of, discussed V.A. II, 28-30, 60-62 Hiorena Creek (Barima) . . Schomburgk's reference to, as the " last place of the white man " B.C., 67 B.C Ap. VII, 21, 32, 237 Traces of Dutch residents at B.CAp. VII,209,210,211, 214, 217, 218, 220, 237 Hislop, Commandant 1802 Observations on the Colony by BC, 140 .B.C Atlas, 36 B.C Ap. VII, 368-9 B.C Ap. V, 172 Hiz, Stephen (or Iske, or His) 1741 -5 Appears in Company's Muster Roll as "Miner" B.C. Ap. VII, 160 1749 Appointed Postholder of Mahaicony B.C Ap. II, 62 ; VII 161 1758 Postholder of Cuyuni, made prisoner by Spaniards. His declaration on Cuyuni raid B.C. Ap. II, 165-6; 163, 165, 177 V.C. II, 322 B.C.C. Ap., 198 VII, 1762 -3 BC Ap.VII, 164 Hobo Hill (Aruka) 1779 Visited and described by Inciarte . . . . B.C.C Ap., 244, 250 1871 McClintock on remains of Dutch settle ment at B.C. Ap. VI, 212 Hobo, on Moruka 1834 Spanish Arawak settlement B.C. Ap. VI, 53 Hohanna = Whomana C reek, q.v. Hohenkerk 1897 Map by, shows Morawhana best . . B.C.C, 9, 10 B.C.C. Atlas, 6 (193) 2 U Hokaba— Horse Trade.] 168 Hokaba (Barima River) Holmes, Sir VV. Hondius, Jodocus Honobo Creek, in B irima . . Horse Trade, by Dutch l.s 9 7 Traces of Dutch residsnts at .. .. im Thurn on traces of Dutch occupation at 1857| Expedition of, to Yuruari 1599 1839 1840 1841 1693 1697- 17031697 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1706 1707 1723 1726 1727 -8 Map of Guiana Indian dispute at, settled by Superinten dent Crichton Arrest of Manoel at . . Visited officially by Superintendent King. Visited by Schomburgk and Superinten dent King Prohibition of Prohibition of, said to prove Spanish title and dominion in disputed territory Horses imported by, where brought from By Cuyuni, retained for Company. . Allegation that the Spaniards raised horses on the Savaunah of the Cuyuni Horses bought for Company in Cuyuni . . The Company's negro traders go to Upper Cuyuni to procure some horses by barter The horse kopers return from Cuyuni with ten horses for the Company Trade in horses up in Cuyuni not so brisk as it used to be, still the Company's traders brought down twelve fine ones Brought from lands under the King of Spain By Cuyuni ; prohibited by Spanish Not to be had from Indians By Dutch, from Upper Cuyuni Commandeur reports not. easily got from above (i.e., in Upper Cuyuni) Commandeur reports horses to be got from Orinoco Horses to be bought in Orinoco by the Postholder of Moruka B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap.VII, 211 B.C. Ap.VII, 211, 237 B.C, 72 V.C.C. Ill, 189 B.C. Atlas, 5 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 B.C. Ap. VI, 71 B.C., 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71 B.C. A p. VI, 97 B.CAp. VI, 112 B.C.C, 66 V.A., 313 B.C.C, 62 B.C. Ap. I, 212 V.C. II, 64 V.A. II, 415 B.C. Ap. 1, 21.3 V.C. II, 65 B.C. Ap. I, 215 B.C.C. Ap., 52, 60 B.C.C. Ap., 82, 87, 90 B.C. Ap. I, 221 V.C. II, 65 V.C, 92n, 97, 13." V.C II, 68 V.C, 104 V.C II, 69 V.C, 96 V.C II, 69 B.C Ap. I, 229 B.C.C Ap., 159 V.C II, 71 V.C, 96, 104 V.C. II, 72 V.C. II, 79 B.C. Ap. II, 5 V.C. II, 79 Dealers accustomed to use Moruka water- B.C. Ap. II, 5-6 way Horses brought from Orinoco, by Moruka Post V.C. II, 80 B.C. Ap. VII, 178, 179 169 Horse Trade— Hulsius.] Horse Trade — continued. Horstman, Nicholaas 1731 Houtrieve, W House Nassau. 5ec Moiicka 1663 Hubbard, Canal of . . Huena Ck. = Hierena, q.v. Huis nabij, Het Hulsius 1733 1734 1 739 1741 1742 1750 1762 1738 -9 1739 1741 1740 -1 1742 Expense of, from Orinoco . . Horses imported to Essequibo by the English To be obtained by the Dutch from the Spaniards Dutch dependence on Spaniards for Spanish Governor excuses himself from the trade Horses brought by Caribs of Orinoco to the Dutch Horses to be bartered for in Aguirre Two hundred mules brought from across Orinoco to Essequibo by Courthial Horses brought overland from the plains north of the Orinoco I to Essequibo Proposed overland route for, by Cuyuni . . Director-General reports a fair number of mules and horses lately brought from Orinoco Surgeon, in Company's employ on PI Duijnenburgh His secret expedition mentioned by Com mandeur to Company His expedition up Essequibo Message received from, that he had planted Dutch flag on Lake Parime Entered on Muster Roll as "still up in Essequibo " Has broken faith and passed into Portuguese B.C Ap. II, 36 territory and service 1740 Reported to be still with the Portuguese oi Upper Amazon Commandeur reports, but discredits, a ru mour of his return to Essequibo 1823 1823 1718 1743 1599 B.C. Ap. II, 13 V.C II, 84 B.C Ap. II, 12 V.C. II, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 10 V.C. II, 85 V.C. II, 87 V.C. II, 85 B.C.C. Ap., 182, 186 B.C. Ap. II, 35 V.C. II, 94 B.C. Ap. II, 114 B.C.C. Ap., 196 V.C. II, 107 B.C. Ap. II, 210 V.C. II, 146 B.C. Ap. VII, 159 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 30 V.C. II, 92 B.C Ap. II, 32, 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 159-100 Assistant Postholder of Pomeroon j B.C. Ap. II, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C.C. Ap., 270 Securing communication with Pomeroon from Arabian coast At Cartabo, opposite Kijkoveral, as Com mandeur's residence Abandoned for Fort Island Map by B.C Ap. VI, 30 B.C., 33 B.C., 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 170 Humboldt— im Thurn.] Humboldt Hume Hunnicutt v. Peyton Hunt v. Wickliffe .. Hunting and Fishing Hymaruni Creek =Biara Hyme River. . Hynes, Rev. J. T. Ibarguen (see under Vera, Domingo de). Ichowra (see under Missions British, A.D. 1880). Imataca Mts. Imataca River im Thurn, E. F. 1.844 1871 18331834 175017831788 1879 On importance of River Orinoco Reference to Dutch Post at Tupuro on Cuyuni Note on his reference to the " most easterly Spanish post " on Cuyuni His reference to Santos and Rodriguez on Upper Essequibo in 1775 Authority as historian impeached by Burr On rights by discovery 102 U.S. Supreme Court, 333, quotation from Quoted on exclusiveness required by adverse holders See under Fishing. Officially visited by Postholder McClintock McClintock refers to a river of this name ; probably = Hymaruni = Biara Had suggested to Governor to establish a Catholic mission on Moruka River Reports Indian discontent at discontinuance of presents B.C. Ap. VII, 32 V.C, 18 B.C Ap. VII, 5 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 V.C.C. II, 118n V.A., 191 V.A., 207 V.A., 370 B.C Ap. VI, 135 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C. Ap. VI, 46, 57 B.C. Ap VI, 56 Tributary of right bank, Lower Orinoco , . Characteristics of . . Site of latest Spanish Mission Suggested by Inciarte for settlement Mentioned in Marmion's scheme of settle ments A Spaniard said to be ruling over the Indians of Newspaper article by, on BoundaryQuestion Reference to British mining- in Cuyuni in 1863 Suggests error of Government warning to Gold Company in 1867 Describes disputed territory On Schomburgk's claim to Amakuru B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C.C, 4 B.C. Ap. II, 69 V.C II, 107 B.C. Ap. V, 19 B.C., 58 B.C. Ap. V, 61 V.C.C III, 148 V.C. Ill, 150-155 V.C, 182 V.C. Ill, 151, 154 V.C, 190 V.C. Ill, 152, 153 im Thurn.J 171 im Thurn — continued. (193) 1880 1882 1882 -6 1883 1884 1886 18S7 1891 1892 1894 Description of River Essequibo by Timber above Cataracts not presently available Appointed Magistrate of Pomeroon in succession to McClintock As Magistrate of Pomeroon supervises country to Amakuru Traverses district to Amakuru On neglected state of North- West Calls attention to settlements west from the Moruka Visits to Barima Report by, on district from Pomeroon tc Amakuru Reports settlers on Aruka and Morawhana Proposes chain of British police stations in disputed area Recommends police schooner to be left at Barima Point pending erection of police station Recommeuds thnt a magistrate should be- B.C. Ap. VI, 239 frequently in Barima Recommends attention to Excise and to) B.C. Ap. VI, 239 Crown Lands up to Schomburgk line Instructions to Inspector Swain and police left at Barima Point On desirability of Schomburgk line Report by, on visits to Amakuru, Barima, &c. Visits Barima, Morawhraa and Waini in track of Venezuelan gunboat At Point Barima Receives the Venezuelan Commissions from those to whom they had been given in Barima Selects sites in Barima and Aruka for British police stations Posts proclamation claiming to Schomburgk line on Barima, Morawhana and Waini Appointed Government A gent of the North- Western District, to reside at Mora whana Paper by, before Royal ^ Geographical Society Cited as to coast region Cited as to the Itabo Report on Barima . 2 X V.C. Ill, 409 V.C. Ill, 407 V.A., 163 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C., 118 B.C Ap. VII, 261 V.C. Ill, 316 B.C.C, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 241-2 B.CC, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 BC. Ap. VI, 239 B.C. Ap. VI, 239 B.C Ap. VI, 210 B.C. Ap. VI, &9 B.C. B.C ,75 Ap. VI 238-10, 242 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.C. B.C ,75 Ap. VI, 238 B.C Ap. VI, 239 B.C B.C ,75 Ap. vi, 239 B.C. Ap. vi, 238 B.C.B.C. B.C. 118 3., 117 Ap. VII , 216 V.C, V.C. 187 III, 441 V.C ,16, 17 V.C V.A 27 ,174 V.C, 194 im Thurn— Inciarte.] 172 im Thurn — continued. Inciarte, Don Josef Felipe . , 1897 1779 1780 Declarations by Commissioner for Settlements in eastern parts of Lower Guayana Selected to make survey preliminary to settlement under Abalos' scheme " He proceeded to make the first survey of the country " (Abalos) Diary of expedition from Orinoco to Pomeroon Letter on expedition from Orinoco to Pomeroon His Survey and Map from Amakuru to Pomeroon His views as to independence of Barima and Waini systems from that of Orinoco ; " Crossing from the mouths of the said Orinoco to the creek or river of Barima " The Orinoco " apparently does not com municate its waters to the Barima " The water of the Waini isof different quality from that of the Barima The Orinoco does not communicate its waters to any of the creeks included between that of Barima and the river of Essequibo His allusion to the watershed separating Barima from Amakuru (Macuru) " Post which the Dutch hold in Moruka ". . At Post of Monika, professes himself a Spaniard passing, on business, through Dutch territory Well received by Arawaks of Pomeroon . . Describes the hill opposite mouth of Barama His expedition reported to Dutch Measures of protection proposed by Dutch in consequence of his expedition His letter to Abalos, on his exploration to Pomeroon Proposes a Spanish fortified village on Moruka, quarter of a league above site of Dutch Post PrSposes a fortified village, to be called S. Carlos de la Frontera, on the right bank of Pomeroon, 3^ leagues above Arapiakru Report of, communicated by Abalos to Government Royal order concerning mission of . . Order directing his return to Spain . . B.C. Ap. VII, 236, 242, 244 B.C.C. Ap. 401 B.C Ap. IV, 206 V.C.C III, 95 B.C. Ap. IV, 194 V.C. 146 B.C.C, 93 B.C.C. Ap., 217-249 V.A. II, 553 B.C.C. Ap., 250-254 B.A., 16 B.C.C. Ap. 254 B.C.C. Atlas, 3 V.A. II, lxix B.C.C. Ap., 218 B.C.C. Ap, 219 B.C.C. Ap., 221 B C.C. Ap., 238 B.C.C. Ap., 245 B.C.C Ad., 225, 6, 7, 8, 9, 251-2 B.C.C. Ap., 229 B.C.C A p., 236-8, 253 B.CC. Ap, 241-2, 250 B.C Ap. IV, 207 B.C.C. Ap., 229, 255 B.C Ap. IV, 208, 209 B.C.C. Ap., 250-4 B.C.C. Ap., 251-2 B.CC. Ap., 253 B.C Ap. IV, 210 V.C.C. Ill, 98 V.C. Ill, 385, 386 173 Inciarte— Indians; Spanish Relations.] Inciarte — continued. Indians Indians : Relations with Spaniards and Vene zuelans 1780 1781 1783 1784 1786 1797- 1810 1802 1810 1596 1597 1634 1663 Sails for Spain . . . . . . . . Goes out with letters to Colonial authorities Made Governor of Guayana Ordered to erect Spanish post on Moruka. . Suggested postponement of scheme of, owing to British occupation Report on district round the New City of Guiana and the Lower Orinoco Reports abandonment of Moruka by the Dutch Report of, on measures to be taken for the establishment of villages in the eastern part of Guayana and against the French Company Sent to Spain to report verbally on the Province Arrives at Cadiz Still waiting (Dec.) to see the Spanish Minister B.C. Ap. IV, 211 B.C. Ap. IV, 213, 214 V.C, 146-7 B.C. Ap. IV, 212 B.C. Ap. IV, 219 B.C Ap. V, 17, 18 V.C. II, 440 B.A., 16 B.C. Ap. V, IS V.C II, 440 V.C. Ill, 386-395 B.C Ap. V, 22 B.A., 17 B.C.C, 94 V.C III, 399 B.C.C, 94 V.C. Ill, 399 Governor of Santa Fe Report on complaint of Arawak Indian by Nothing done under the scheme of Tribes of See also undtr:- Akawoi3 Arawaks Arawak- Akawois Arekuuas CaribsCivitenes GuaranosGuaycas GuipanovisMacusis Maganouts or Manoas Panacays Paramonas Pariacots Waikas Warows Wauwejans Alleged Spanish sovereignty over. . Prima facie dominion of Spain over, assumed Position of, as to territory discussed Historical. Keymis has difficulty in attracting the Indians, " for they doubted lest wee were Spanish," but is informed by one chief that the Arawaks "doe for the most part serve and follow the Spaniards " Enemies of Spaniards considered friends of the Indians (Spanish document) 4,000 warlike Indians against 26 Spanish in Trinidad Hostility to Spaniards V.C III, 420 V.C.C. Ill, 162 V.C. Ill, 420, 422, 423 B.C, 9 V.C.C, 105 V.A. II, 591 V.A. II, 592-604 V.C, 46 B.C. Ap. I, 21 V.C. II, 10 B.C.C. Ap., 10 B.C.C. Ap., 36 Indians; Spanish Relations.] 174 Indians ; Relations with Spaniards — continued. 1682 1690 1733 1746 1747 1748 1754 1757 1760- 63 1764 17671772 177517761785 1787 1801.1817 ft seq 1839 1841 Of "Tierra Firme" said to understand Spanish Of Guayana declared free by Royal Decree The Caribs to be ejected from Orinoco by the Spanish Rotella writes " Caribs, and consequently traitors " Prevented by Dutch from attacking Spanish Missions up Cuyuni Rumoured White Indians, clothed in cotton, from Parime Attacked by Spaniards at head of Cuyuni Complaint by Indians of Cuyuni to Com mandeur of Spanish aggression Indians of Cuyuni advised by Commandeur to take their own measures against the Spaniards Indians counted on by Dutch to defend Moruka against Spaniards Those of Cuyuni prevented by Dutch from attacking Spanish Missions Director-General reports Indians to have deserted Cuyuni since the Spanish raid of 1558 Those of Orinoco employed by Spaniards Thousands of Warows from the Orinoco take refuge in Barima from the Spaniards Alleged submission to Spaniards Resolution of Stales General as to the Spaniards forcibly taking and killing Indians near the Dutch Posts Indians of whatever nation said by Com mandant of Orinoco to be regarded by Spain as subjects, and therefore not liable to enslavement Mateo Beltran in Barima hears that there were 3,000 Indians there and in the Amakuru fleeing from the severity of the Orinoco (the Venezuelan translator ingeniously suggests that the severity was that of the floods) Proposed Spanish measure to stop movement of Indians from Spanish Mission area to Essequibo Complaints by Arawak against Spaniards of Sacupana Migration of, from Venezuela to Moruka Indians in dread of Spaniards impressing them for labour Indians of Barima, dread of Venezuelans, . V.C, 103 V.C. II, 270 B.C. Ap. I, 212 B.C.C. Ap., 174-6 B.C.C. Ap., 168 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 46 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. II, 58 V.C. II, 102 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 93, 95 B.C., 113 B C. Ap II, 130-1 B.C. Ap. II, 186 V.C, 149 V.CC. Ill, 77 BCC, 24 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 V.C, 134 B.C. Ap. IV, 132, 133 B.CAp. IV, 173 V.C. Ap. I, 443 B.C , 58 B.C. Ap. V, 85 V.C.C. Ill, 23 B.C.. 110 B C. Ap. VI, 7, 23 B.C.C, 25 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VII, 25 175 Indians. ] Indians; Relations with Venezuelans — continued. 1841 1847 1897 Indians: Relations with Dutch and British Schomburgk on Venezuelan cruelty to B.C. Ap. VII, 15 Indians of Amakuru Level on history of Spanish relations with B.C. Ap. VI, 164 Indians (193) Level writes " the Aborignes have retreated to the woods and even .... crossed the boundaries " Level declares that it is not the Wild Indians, but those of the Spanish Missions, who had gone over to the foreigners Level on the attempt of General Heres to regain the Indians Distinction between " Spanish Indians " and " English " im Thurn on their instinctive knowledge and observance of British and Venezuelan boundaries Position of Indians, as to territory dis cussed Indians as allies of Dutch Subsidy to Indians by Dutch Order amongst, maintained by Postholders Protected by Postholders Protection of, as right of the Sovereign . . Jurisdiction of Dutch Courts over. . Effective control of, by Dutch denied Instances of Indians not amenable to Dutch control collected Protection of, by Dutch denied Judicial protection of, against whites, in stances examined Dutch failures to maintain peace among, instanced Storm's repudiation of acts of, relied upon Control of, by Dutch said to have been dis regarded by Spain Industrial employment of . . Military services of Fisheries of . . Employed to recapture slaves Subject to pass system Dutch sought title from, according to Burr Dutch relations with, denied that they establish sovereignty 2 Y B.C Ap. VI, 157 B.C. Ap. VI, 158 B.C. Ap. VI, 164-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 231-2, 232 B.C Ap. VII, 238 V.A. II, 592-604 B.C., 12, 13, 15, 16, 28, 37, 44 V.A. II, 635-8 B.C., 88 B.C, 88 B.C., 156 B.C., 85, 86 B.C. Ap. II, 64-5, 72-3 V.A. II, 630-3 V.A. II, 004-13 V.A. II, 617 V.A. II, 623, 625-6 V.A. II, 627-9 V.A. II, 618-19, 621 V.A. II, 623, 624 V.A. II, 610-12 B.C, 95 V.A. II, 635-8 B.C., 93 B.C., 96 B.C., 93 B.C., 88 V.CC. II, 12 V.C.C, 23, 24 V.A. II, 589 176 Indians; Dutch Relations.] Indians; Relations with Dutch — con tinned. 1597 -8 1621 1637 1645 1648 1662 1683 1686 1688 1711 1724 1721 -35 1729 1733 Alleged limitations of Dutch control over. . No political control. . No extant Dutch treaties with Indians (Burr) Venezuelan arguments as to rights of Indians Iudiaus alleged to have no possessory titles Dutch relations with in the light of British views as to Delagoa Bay Testimony of Indians as to reputed boundary " Enemies of the Spaniards " (e.g., Flamingoes) assumed to be friends of the Indians (Spanish document) Dutch Alliance with, recognized in Charter of Company Indians associating with the Dutch Kidnapping of, dealt with by Council of nineteen Dutch alliances with Indians extended to Aguirre Indians at the disposal of the Dutch Pacification of the Indians by Dutch Kidnapping of Indians by Dutch illegal, but they might be bought from other Indians Fidelity of Indians of Pomeroon to Dutch Caribs said by Guzman to be with the Dutch Indians summoned from Pomeroon District to Essequibo to proceed against Maganouts As allies of Dutch Dutch trade with V.C.C, 99 V.A., 52 V.C.C II, 87 V.C.C, 97 V.C.C, 96 V.A., 191 V.A. II, 600-3 B.C.C, 21-24 B.C Ap. I, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 44, 52 B.A., 46 B.C. Ap. I, 77 B.C., 85 B.CAp. I, 131 B.C.C, 41 B.C., 28 B.C Ap. I, 153 B.C., 30 B.C Ap. I, 185 B.C., 85 Dutch prohibit enforcement of labour on. . Commandeur's proclamation against mal treatment of Trade with, by Company, cultivated by every means Those of Barima instructed by Commandeur to resist Swedes The Can t> Taricura boasts in Orinoco of his relations from Essequibo, the Dutch Carib alliance with Dutch proclaimed by Rotella Alliance between Dutch and Indians dwelt on by Government of Trinidad Alliance of Dutch with Caribs of Orinoco. . B.C. Ap. I, 208 V.CC. Ill, 16 B.C. Ap. II, 3 B.C. Ap. II, 2 B.C. Ap.VII. 179 B.C. Ap. II, 9 B.C Ap. II, 9 B.C. Ap. II, 17 B.C., 115 B.C Ap. Ill, 81 B.C.C. Ap., 167 B.C.C. Ap., 173 B.C.C. Ap., 177 B.C.C. Ap., 168, 17C 177 Indians; Dutch Relations.] Indians; Relations with Dutch — continued. 1737 ?1739 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1750 1752 1753 1754 1755 Commandeur reports to Company on Dutch trade with San Felipe on Dutch influence by presents B.C.C. Ap., 182 and by buying slaves Indians of Barima under command of a Dutch Jew, attack runaway Dutch slaves Indians of Barima ask Commandeur to establish Postholder among them Iudians of Barima kill and bring in hands of runaway slaves Indians as allies of Dutch Those of Cuyuni under Dutch jurisdiction The allied tribes in Waini defended by Dutch against hostile Indians from Orinoco Those of upper Essequibo at war with each other and with the neighbouring Portuguese The hostile tribe which had visited Moruka had returned to Orinoco Those between Upper Essequibo and Amazon murder two Company's rovers Indians of Cuyuni preparing to come down to complain to Dutch Governor of Spanish aggression Advised by Dutch Governor to take their owu measures against the Spanish Indian brings offence in Moruka before Court of Justice Spanish Official Report declares an infinite number of Arawaks and Caribs attached to Moruka Post Post of Arinda moved to Rupununi, specially better to control Indians Indians near Arinda, alluded to by Commandeur as " our friends " Summoned by Commandeur to reclaim runaways Fray Nistal remarks on the friendship which Caribs had contracted with the Dutch Trade in annatto dye with Dutch Caribs of Essequibo offer services to Dutch against Wapianas of the Rupununi Relied on by Director-General against expected Spanish attack Guard passage down Cuyuni B.C. Ap. II, 24, 25 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C., 115 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C., 37 B.C. Ap. Ill, 84, 86 B.C., 113 B.C Ap. II, 46 B.C Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C Ap. II, 52 B.C Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 58 V.C. II, 102 B.C Ap. II, 56 B.C.C Ap. 194 B.C. Ap. II, 66 B.C. Ap. II, 64 B.C Ap. II, 70 B.C.C. Ap., 197 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C Ap. II, 95 Counted ou to defend Moruka As allies of Dutch . , B.C.. 114 B.C. Ap. II, 100 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C., 44 B.C. Ap. II, 119 178 Indians; Dutch Relations.! Indians; Relations with 1 1755 ' As allies of Dutch, acknowledged by| B.C., 16 Dutch— continued. Alvarado Employment of Indians by Dutch . . 1757 Indians of Cuyuni under Dutch jurisdiction i 175!5 The tribes of the interior alone enslaved. . 1760 1762 1763 1764 1765 Director-General reports Indians to have deserted Cuyuni since Spanish raid in 1758 Outrage on Indian in Cuyuni punished by Court of Justice Indians of Barima acknowledged by Spaniards to be in alliance with the Dutch Director-General dwells on importance of Dutch alliance with Indians Director-General reports on use of Caribs, Arawaks and Warows of Moruka Post, as salters, traders, and as preventing runaways The Manoa Indians, dissatisfied with Portuguese, propose to make treaty with Dutch B.C. Ap. VII, 181 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. II, 130-1 B.C, 85 B.C., Ap. II, 147 B.C. Ap. II. 186 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. II, 183 B.C. Ap. II, 187 B.C. Ap. II, 211, 212 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C. Ap. II, 222-3 Indians said to have been driven from! V.C, 149 Cuyuni 1766 1767 1768 Those of Essequibo aid Dutch in slave revolt Those of Massaruni aid Dutch in slave revolt Those in Essequibo to be protected by Postholder Indians protected in returning to Cuyuni Post Indians refuse incitements of Massaruni Owl Complaints by Indians to Director-General of ill-usage by settlers Criminal justice exercised by Dutch between Indians in Moruka Silver collars given to Indians Dutch attitude in war between the tribes. . Peace kept between the tribes in Cuyuni . . Reported refusal of Indians to obey Post- holder in Cuyuni Dutch regulation for the protection, by Posi holder, of thosehired beyond Moruka Indians from Orinoco take refuge in Barima from Spaniards Indians ask for Dutch Postholders B.C., 113 B.C Ap. II, 227 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. Ill, 105 B.C. Ap. Ill, 112 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. Ill, 118 B.C. Ap. Ill, 129 B.C. Ap. Ill, 118 B.C. Ap. Ill, 126 B.C., 90 B.C Ap. Ill, 126 B.C. Ap. Ill, 133 B.C., 114 B.C. Ap. HI, 142 B.CAp. III. 143 V.C, 124, 151n B.C. Ap. Ill, 155 B.CC, 24 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 B.C., 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 162 Indians ; Dutch Relations. 1 179 Indians ; Relations with Dutch — continued. 1769 1770 -1 1774 Dutch pjwer with .. Director-General's reliance on friendship with Commander over, appoiuted by Dutch De la Garriga recognises Dutch alliance of Carib levies raised by Postholder of Arinda Dutch use of Indians to capture slave deserters Riuir-collars no longer suitable for 1775 1776 1777 1778 (193) 1779 1783 Van der Heyden as leader of Importance of assistance from Staves and hats officially given to the chiefs Resolutiou by the Court of Policy as to the four nations not liable to slavery Commandant of Essequibo cites as to this custom of immunity the authority of Hartsinck Relied ou by the Company Service of, under Moruka Postholder Resolution as to holding assemblies of Chief from Orinoco seeks Dutch protection Certificate of Dutch allegiance to Atorai Owl, from Portuguese frontier Dutch subsidy to Formal assemblies of, at Fort Zeelandia . . Levies of, under Van der Heyden Chiefs of. selected by the Indians, to receive hats and sticks as Government recognition Grievances of, to be presented to Court of Policy Complaint of, as to Arinda Postholder . . Regarded by Hutch authorities as bettet than soldiers at Moruka Post Postholder's duty to win over the Indians Employed in capturing runaway slaves Assembled and commissions given to chiefs of Indian Joris sentenced for manslaughter of Dutchman Mullert Pieterse, a Dutchman, acquitted by Esse quibo Court of Justice of murder of Indian in Wakepo 2 Z B.C. Ap. IV, 41 B.C. Ap. IV, 5 V.C. II, 182 B C Ap. IV, 5 B.C. Ap. IV, 23 B.C. Ap. IV, 78, 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 123 B.C. Ap. IV, 122 V.C. II, 222 B.C Ap. IV, 124 B.C. Ap. IV, 125 B.C., 90 B.C. Ap. l\, 136-7 B.C. Ap. IV, 141 B.C. Ap. IV, 142, 143 B.C. Ap. IV, 161 V.C. II, 232 B.CAp. IV, 185 B.C. Ap. IV, 185 B.C Ap. IV, 188 B.C. Ap. IV, 190 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. IV, 187 B.C, 91 B.C. Ap. IV, 187, 188 B.CAp. IV, 190, 192 B.C., 90 B.C Ap. IV, 188 B.C., 86 B.C Ap. IV. 187-8 B.C Ap. IV, 190 B.CAp. IV, 180, 193 B.C. Ap. IV, 186 B.C Ap. IV, 191 B.C.. 90 B.C Ap. IV, 207 B.C Ap. V, 8 B.C. A p. V, 16 180 Indians; Dutch and British Relations.] Indians ; Relations with Dutch — continued. Indians; Relations Brit ish 1781 with 1785 1790 1795 1797 18021803 18041805 1805- 98 1805 1807 Arawak appears before Court of Policy, as witness m charges against negroes in Pomeroon ; and is ordered and authorized by the Court to arrest certain negroes in Amakuru Assembly of chiefs ordered by the Company Importance of friendship of, insisted on by Directoi -General On Puente as allies of Dutch Conviction by Court of Justice and decap itation of Indian Macaniouri for murder Caribs of Upper Essequibo of great service in slave revolt Appointment of Captains discussed Enrolment of, for service, discussed Influence of British Missions on . . \ British duty of protecting B.C.C. Ap., 256 B.C., 91 B.C Ap. V, 25-6 B.C. Ap. V, 38 B.C., 16 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C.C. Ap., 262 V.A. II, 714 V.A. II, 707 B.C.C, 26 B.CC Ap., 301, 304, M06 311 B.C. Ap. VII, 37, 43-57 Venezuelan contention that they did not V.C.C, 112 submit to Brit:sh authority 1808 1809 1810 Policy of alliance with, and protection of Indians continued by the Brit'sh Indians during early British period ; Com mandant insists upjn policy of encour aging them as indispensable during insurrections of negroes Presents for 1,000 Indians ordered by the Court of Policy from Europe Si me discontent reported among those of Essequibo — to be conciliated Presents again made by Court of Policy to Indians from as far as Amakuru resort to Pomeroon Post Moruka moved for better communi cation with Indians of Essequibo emphatically informed of the goodwill of the Government toward them British Commissioners sent to Upper Essequibo to pacify Indians An increased number to be employed at Essequibo Post Payment of, by Court of Policy, for work done ut Essequibo Post Employed by Court of Policy against Bush negroes B.C, 17 B.C., 99 B.C. Ap. V, 173 B.C., 103-4 B.C., Ap. V, 180, 182 B.C.C Ap., 202 B.C, 104 B.C. Ap. V, 187-8 B.C., 108 B.C. Ap. VII, 209-13. 21 S- 222, 236 B.C, 107 B.C Ap. V, 187 B.CC, Ap.,261 B.C., 113 B.C Ap. V, 188 B.C.C. Ap., 265 B.C.C Ap., 265 B.C.C. Ap.. 266 181 Indians; British Relations.] Indians; Relations with | 1810 British — continued. 1810 -11 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 -38 1814 1816 1817 1818 1820 1821 1823 1826 Complain of less liberality of British as cumpm ed with Dutch ; means to remedy this suggested Colonial armourer ordered to repair firearms of Indians free of cost Arrangements in Georgetown 1o lodge Indians coming down from the interior Carib Chief from high up in Essequibo submits to British jurisdiction Presents again made to, by Court of Policy Scale of payment for services of, at the Posts fixed by Court of Policy Labour of, regulations for Caribs, Indians from Massaruni, and Macusis fiom Rupununi employed as labourers Presents again made to, by Court of Policy From Pomeroon to Waini employed against revolted negroes British relations with, not political control B.CC. Ap., 267 B.C.C. Ap., 267 (B.CC Ap., 207 B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. V, 195 B.C., 104 B.C. Ap. V, 197 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. V, 196 B.C., 107 B.C. Ap.V, 199 B.C., 108 B.C. Ap. V, 198-9 B.C., 104 B.C. Ap. V, 216 B.C., 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 1, 2, 3, 4 V.A., 099-700 Assembled by Governor for purposes of an expedition under the Protector of Indians Protector refers tothe numerous tribes which have served with the various expeditions Emigration of, from Venezuela to Moruka Official return of those in Pomeroon and Essequibo districts List of those from Waini, Barama, Cuyuni, and Massaruni for military service Paid by Court of Policy for services on Bush expeditious Official return of those iu Essequibo district Petition by Protector as to payment of those in service of the Post of Pomeroon Hilhouse on the tribes within the limit of the Colony Readiness to be employed against Bush negroes Importance of such service from them . . Authorised rales of piy for such service . . Estimate of number capable of bearing arms Value of, for development uf the interior Peace made by British authorities between the Akawois and Partamonas of the Massaruni B.CC. Ap., 269 B.C.C Ap., 269 B.C, 110 B.C Ap. VI, ?3 B.C. Ap. VI, 9, 13 B.C., 112 B.C. Ap. VI. 9-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 19 B.C. Ap. VI, 21 B.C.C Ap., 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 26-8 B.C.. 106 B.C Ap, VI, 28, 29, 3d B.C. Ap. VI, 25-6 B.C Ap. VI, 22 B.C Ap. VI, 28 B.C. A p. VI, 33 BC. Ap, 36-8. 45 B.C.C. Ap, 274 182 idians ; British Relations.] ndians ; Relations with British — continued. 1827 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 -501838 Governor D'Urban to Earl Bathurst on the Indians Compacts among Indians always verbal . . British jurisdiction exercised for protection of Indians and accepted by them Existence of British jurisdiction over, laid down by Chief Justice Chief Justice's opinion that their position is that of a conquered nation Fiscal Bagot explains system of British jurisdiction over Fiscal Bagot quotes two cases of Indian murderers brought bound before him by Indian accusers Case of the Arawak Frederick. Action of Protector approved by Indians Fiscal Bagot on treatment of offences against Indians by others Case oi the Indian Billy Williams. . Lex talionis among Indians Their true relation to Dutch and English Colonists Presents again made to, by Court of Policy B.C Ap. VI, 38 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 42 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 44 B.C. Ap. VI, 44x B.C. Ap. VI, 44-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 40, 44 B.C. Ap. VI, 40 B.CAp. VI, 41-2 B.C, 104 B.C. Ap. VI, 45 British jurisdiction in case of Fiscal v. 3.C. Ap. VI, 47 Frederick, an Indian Indians regard Cuyuni as British territory Rights uf the Crown to land and to limber reserved as aganst all except Indians British jurisdiction in case of Warow Uendrick Discontent of Indians at discontinuance of presents Employed as boatmen by Schomburgk . . Number and condition of Pomeroon Indians Employment of Indians for military aud industrial purposes by British Industrial employment of, discussed Neglect of, after emancipation of negroes, commented on Desire of Indians, despite their p.ivilege of free land, to take out grants Governor Light speaks of presents to Indians as discontinued Spr-ech of Governor Light on duty of (51 overnment toward Superintendent's suggestion as to employ ing in Militia B.C, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 11, 49-50 B.C.C. Ap, 279 B.C Ap. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 B.C , 107 B.C Ap. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 V.A. II, 700-3 V.A, 700 B.C.C. Ap, 285 B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C, Ap. VI, 63 B.C.C. Ap, 285 Indians; British Relations.] 183 Indians; Relations with British — continued. 183S 1839 (193) 1840 Indians as labourers on wood-cutting establishments and annatto plantation ir Pomeroon and Tapacuma Those o f Essequibo and Moruka employed as labourers Number of Indians in Pomeroon and Essequibo districts respectively Those of Waiui gone to Pomeroon to work Employed in Pomeroon by settlers to cut troolie thatch, &c. Those of Pomeroon cheerfully doing nearly all the labour for settlei s Those of Pomeroon supply place of negro labourers after emancipation Agreements by Indians to labour witnessed by Magistrates Those of Barima, both banks, and Waini all look for Britith protection Schomburgk on allegiance of Indians oi Pirara Reliance of Indians on Superintendents of Rivers and Creeks Recent migration of Indians from Orinoco to Barima, to avoid labour enforced on then: by Colombian Government Governor Light on British duty of pro tection of Postholder's return of those of Essequibo Cuyuni and Massaruni Those of Moruka and Wakepo reported on by Superiutendent King Indians of Barima avoid Superintendent on his first visit, in dread that he, like the Postholder in Orinoco, would enforce labour on them Jurisdiction exercised over by Superin tendent Crichton Benefited in Pomeroon by magisterial action of Superintendent Missionary effort among Indians of Moruka, Waini, and Barima Indians of Pirara appeal to British for protection against Brazilians McClintock on importance of appointing Indian Captains Of Asakarta complain to Superintendent of cruelty of Creole traders Indians eagerly awaiting result of charge against Pauli and Maul for shooting at Indians Supply all the labour in Pomeroon Regulations as to wood cut by 3 A B.C, 107 B.CC. Ap, 284 B.C. 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 03 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C Ap. VI, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 81 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.CAp. VI, 77; VII, 2 B.C. 108 B.CAp. VI, 71 B.C Ap. VII, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 6-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 2 B.C Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI r, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 78 B.C A p. VI, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 64 B.C Ap. VI, 86 B.C Ap. VI, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C Ap. VI, 101 B.C. Ap. VI, 91, 105 B.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 184 Indians; British Relations.] Indians; Relations with British— continued. 1841 -50 As labourers in Pomeroon . . B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C.C. Ap., 292 B.C.C, 22 Indians from Orinoco come east cf Schom burgkline to be under British jurisdiction B.C. Ap. VII, 235 1841 i Of Barima (and Barama) employed on wood B.C., 118 cutting establishmeut in Pomeroon B.C. Ap. VII, 25 Numbers of, available to fight for British B.C. A p. VI, 118 interests Schomburgk's estimate of number of, oi; B.C. Ap. VII, 30 western frontier Schomburgk on British duty of protecting B.C Ap. VII, 20, 33 Friendliness of Rupununi Indians to British1 B.C Ap. VI, 117 at Pirara Indians of Amakuru complain of Spaniards B.C. Ap. VI, 112 to Superintendent King Warows of Waiui eager for British pro- B.C. Ap. VII, 11, 12, 20 tection Warow Captain on Barima has house; B.C. Ap. VII, 21 specially built to accommodate Superin tendent Crichton on his periodical visits 18421843 1844 Excellent as labourers Warows, Arawaks, and Caribs largely em ployed on Pomeroon Schomburgk on capacity of, for civilization B.C Ap. VII, 30 Schomburgk on religious belief of . Schomburgk on liability of, to laws oi' B.C. Ap. VII, 17 British Colony Vote by Combined Court of $10,000 for benefit of Indians Those of Upper Pomeroon ask for a school master McClintock officially comments on need of instruction for those of Waini, Barima and right bank Amakuru Regulations preventing forced labour of . . Schomburgk on British duty to protect . . Schomburgk find3 axes, knives, &c, of Dutch manufacture, still among Indians at sources of Essequibo Indians employed in repair of Pomeroon Post Those of Moruka, Waini, Barima, render excellent service as labourers B.C. Ap. VII, 30 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 BC Ap.VII, 17 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 B.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 107 B.C Ap. VII, 43, 57 B.C. Ap. VII, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 126 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 Proposed establishment of village for . . V.C.C. Ill, 178 Of Pomeroon district, excellence as| B.C. Ap.VI, 134 labourers 1 844 i As labourers, from Barima -5 ..j B.C, 118 jB.C Ap.VI, 132, 137, 139 185 Indians; British Relations.] Indians; Relations with British — continued. 1845 1847 1848 1849 1850 1853 1854 1856 i 1858 1863 1879 -83 1884 Certificate as to number of Indians passing B.C Ap. VI, 140 from Pomeroon as labourers to Arabiar, Coast Habitually call at Post B.C. Ap. VI, 1 10 McClintock's estimate of number off B.C. Ap. VI, 138-9 effective Indians of Pomeioon district (to Amakuru) From Pomeroon district (Moruka, Waini Barima), eagerness for mission instruction and as labourers B.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 138 Indians of Pomeroon district employed as labourers on Arabian coast Those of Pomeroon and Moruka subscribe: B.C. Ap. VI, 148 for relief of Scotch and Irish Level declares that it is not the Wild Indians but those of the Spanish missions whe have gone over to the foreigners Right of appointment of Indian Captains resumed by Colonial Government about this period Superintendent estimates those of Pomeroor District at 6,000 Their anxiety to assist in establishment of missions Plea of British subject a protection against Venezuelan and Brazilian aggressors Indians moved to east of Schomburgk line Governor Barkly on Dutch names anc Dutch language of the Indians Traces of Dutch, &c, still evident as far as Barima in languages of Indians From Upper Pomeroon, as labourers Those of Waini apply to Superintendent for pass to Orinoco Habit of laying their quarrels before the Superintendent Readily accept control by Superintendent Eagerly lend aid against negro rioters on Arabian Coast Appeal to Superintendent anent drought and consequent prospect of famine Permitted to cut timber on Crown lands Appreciation of, by Messrs. Holmes and Campbell Those of Pomeroon and Moruka contribute to Albert Memorial Fund British sympathies of Indians on Upper Essequibo Exclusive British influence over Indians of Bupununi Savannah acknowledged by Brazil and Venezuela , B.C. Ap. VI, 158 B.C. Ap. VI, 148 B.C, 103 B.C. Ap. VI, 209 B.C. Ap. VI, 173 B.C. Ap. VI, 173 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 184 B.C, 108 B.C Ap. VI, 181 B.C Ap. VI, 193 B.C. Ap. VI, 192 B.C. Ap. VI, 196 B.C, 111 B.C Ap. VI, 200 B.C. Ap. VI, 199-200 B.C. Ap. VI, 201 B C.C. Ap, 306 B.C.C. Ap, 308 B.C.C, 26 B.C.C. Ap, 312 B.C.C. Ap, 312 186 Indians; British Relations — Indian Captains.] Indians ; Relations with British — continued. Indians Captains . . 1897 1636 1735 1765 1778 17931797 1804 18181823 1834 1838 1839 Carib and Warow allegiance to British . . Resort to British Magistrate for help im Thurn on their instinctive knowledge and observance of British and Venezuelan boundaries Distinction between " Spanish'' and " English " Indians Warow traditions of friendliness of Dutch Attachment to their own places .. Alleged demoralisation of, under British . . The system Alleged to have been first appointed by British Government Badges given to, by the Dutch Presents to be supplied by the Company for the chiefs Account for goods assigned to one Carib and one Warow Captain " to maintain the good harmony with both nations." Ring-collars provided by the Company for the chiefs Appointed by Dutch Colonial Government, on nomination by the Indians Captain Arawara (Carib),of Upper Essequibo Payment made to Captain Klaase and other Indians Twelve assemble their followers in Essequibo Enumeration of Captains by Protectoi of Indians Hilhouse's assertion that till recently cap tains had been elected by the Indians themselves Action, under Postholder, in case of man slaughter of Moruka Indian Captains appointed or recognised by British Government The Captains in Waiui and Barima had all received their insignia from the British colony B.C Ap. VII. 226, 228, 231 B.C. Ap. VII, 231 B.C. Ap. VII, 238 B.C. Ap. VII, 218, 229, 231-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 209 B.C. Ap. VII, 7 V.A. II, 703-6 B.C, 17, 113, 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 70, 76, 105, 127, 171-2, 195, 197, 208-9, 216; VII, 2, 213, 237-8 B C.C Ap, 262 V.A. II, 633-4, 714 V.CC, 108 B.C., 15 B.C Ap. I, 200 V.A, 633-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.CAp. Ill, 126; IV, 136 V.A, 634 B.C, 90, 113 B.C. Ap. IV, 187-8 V.A, 634 B.C.C. Ap, 262 B.C. Ap. VII, 180 B.C.C. Ap.,262 B.C. Ap.VI, 10-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 34 B.C. Ap. VI, 59 B.C., 17 B.C. Ap. VII, 2 Indian Captains.] 187 Indian Captains — contd. 1839 Indian Captains, Chrono logical List of references to. 1840 1843 1848 1849 1853 1854 18681877 1833 -4 1833 1834 -9 i837 -43 1837 1339 1832 -41 1839 (193) 1839 -40 1840 Those of Barima and Waini visited by Superintendent Crichton Their duties explained to them by Superin tendent Crichton Appointment of new Captains asked for by Warows of Moruka and recommended by Postholder McClintock Services of the Captains to Postholder . . McClintock on usefulness of Captains Captains appointed for Barima, Barama, Waini Captain employed by Superintendent to allay feuds between tribes in Moruka McClintock on great use of Captains to con trol other Indians McClintock on hislory and importance of the system, and advantages of ; [erro neously] claims to have originated it McClintock on usefulness of Visits to Pomeroon Post by Captains John (Carib), Simon (Warrau), Sabiko, Bush man (Warrau), Hendrick and Daniel (Arawaks), Larose, and Juan (Spanish Arawak) Francis (Warow) dies. His staff returned to Postholder of Pomeroon Juan (Spanish Arawak) of Moruka Visited bv Superintendent Crichton iu 1839, died same year Miguel Chacon (Spanish Arawak), of Moruka Juan Barrigon said to be Captain of Spanish Arawaks A Captain mentioned as resident in Ituribisi Creek William of Haimaracaba Peter, Captain of Warows and Arawaks at Cuiaro and Catijeballi (Waini) x Captains Aramai and Glaas (Akawois), at Annow Creek (Waini) Taraanawari, Captain of Warows at Honobo and in Kaituma (Barima) Juan Ventura, said to be Captain of Akawois of Aloiuka district Joseph of Asacarta ; visited by Superin tendent Crichton ; no complaints reported Awar resident on Warapoka Creek (Waini) Jan Klaas of Ilaimaracabra. visited by Superintendent Kiug; death of, in same year 3 B B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C. A p. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap. VI, 171-2 B.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 195 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C Ap. VI, 208-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 216 B.C. Ap.VI, 50-1, 55; VII, 213, 238 B.C Ap. VI, 51 B.C. Ap. VI, 52 B.C. Ap. VI, 68, 75 B.C. Ap. VI, 92, 125 B.C.C. Ap, 276 B.C. Ap. VI, 62 B.C Ap. VI, 75 B.C. Ap. VI, 81 B.C. Ap.VI, 70; VII, 11 221 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 71; VII, 212 B.C Ap. VI, 64 B.C Ap. VI, 81-2 B.C. Ap. VI, 82, 96 B.C Ap. VI, 70, 105; VII, 221-2 B.CC. Ap, 290 Indian Captains.] 188 Indian Captains — contd. 1840 George of Manawarin Creek reported deac B.C. Ap. VI, 105- by Superintendent, who asks for appoint ment of a successor Punsha, resident on Moruka 1841 ; Quashie resident on Moruka above S. Rosa ; complaint against 1840 William (Warow) of Aruka and Kaituma on left bank of Barima (Indian name Waiakwarri ?) -61 1841 1864 William's staff given by British authorities seven years previously Death of this William 1840 j John, of Moruka Hosea (Jose), of Spanish Arawaks Jacobus 1841 1841-54 1843 -54 1854 1843 B.C. Ap. VI, 93 B.C. Ap. VI, 96, 107 B.C. Ap.VI, 97, 112; VII, 212 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C. Ap. VII, 248 B.C. Ap. II, 92 B.C. Ap. VI. 92 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 Clementi (Warow) living at Warina (War-j B.C. Ap. VI, 112; VII, 21, ota Hill) on Barima 209-10, 213, 217, 223-4, 238 I Jan (Arawak) resident at Assekuru in! B.C. Ap. VII, 14, Amakuru 219-20, 224 Cabaralli, authority of as Captain recog- i B.C. Ap. VII, 17, 107, 221 nised by Indians of Aruka He reports murder by Indian of Indian to Superintendent King He is recommended by Superintendent for renewal of commission held by him before High praise of; he speaks Warow, Dutch, Carib, English John Henry (Warow) of Kamwatta Creek Postholder sends for staff for Employed to bring Indian witnesses from Barima, Death of John Henry reported by S. McClintock; Watson recommended in his place Charles Peter, staff wanted for, by McClin tock Jaime Maria as Captain of Spanish Arawaks of Moruka Calistro Hermandez recommended as assis tant Captain for Spanish Indians of Moruka Calistro appointed full Captain B.CAp. VI, 112 B.C. Ap.VI, 171-2 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C. Ap. VII, 211, 212, 217, 238 B.C. Ap. VII, 134, 141,171, 219, 221, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 129 B.C Ap. VI, 124 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C Ap VI, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 125; VII, 213, 222 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap.VI, 128 Has authority over all Indians of the B.C. Ap. VII 212 222 238 district ' ' Pasico recommended as captain of Macusis! B.C. Ap. VII, 53 of Rupununi 1844' Manwaiko (Warow) living in Ebeni Creek| B.C. Ap. VI, 135 ; VII 219 (Barama) ' ' 1846? Death of : B.C. Ap. VI, 172 Indian Captains.] 189 Indian Captains — contd. 1846; 1848 1848 -53 1851 1852 1852 -68 1852 1854 -68 1853 1854 1855 1861 1862 Fernando (Carib), Captain in Barama, re ported dead Nelson (Warow) for Aruka (or Lower Barima) John (Warow) for Upper Barima River . . Daniel (Carib) for Barama Ben (Warow) for Barama River Moses (Warow) for Waini Capoey (Akawoi), of Curasana, on Barama Death of reported, and his commission returned by Superintendent One in Barima had been commissioned by Governor Carmichael Smyth Jeffrey (Carib) of Upper Pomeroon His staff John (Carib) of Issororo, Pomeroon France (Carib) of Kairamab, Pomeroon Adams, Thomas (Arawak), of Pomeroon Schade, Cornelius (Arawak), of Pomeroon Death of, reported by Superintendent Fraser (Arawak) of Tapacuma John William (Arawak) of Arapiacri, (Pomeroon) Dick (Carib) of Pomeroon Hermannus (Carib) of Pomeroon . . Damon (Warow) reported dead France (Warow) recommended in Damon's place France (Warow) of Kainamu Ck. (Moruka' Death of, reported by Superintendent Hendric (Akawoi) recommended in place of Capoey Watson (Warow) of Kamwatta (Moruka), in place of John Henry, deceased Juan (Akawoi) of Barama— his services utilized and valued by Superintendent in controlling other Indians Peter, Carib Captain in Manawarin (Moruka), reports murder in Moruka to Superintendent Erijee Manarwa (Carib 1) of Upper Essequibo Patricio Sabana (Spanish Arawak) of Moruka Hillario (Akawoi) of Barama (died 1868) . Vigilant (died same year) B.C Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C Ap.VI, 172; VII, 221 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 172, 219, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 191 B.C.C Ap, 300 B.C. Ap. VI, 190, 191; VII, 244 B.C. Ap. VII, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 190, 191 B.C. Ap. VI, 190, 191 B.C. Ap. VI, 190, 191 B.C Ap. VI, 190, 191; VII, 221 B.C. Ap. VI, 208 B.C.C Ap, 310 B.C Ap. VI, 191 B.C. Ap VI, 181, 191; VII, 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 191 B.C. Au. VI, 191 B.C Ap. VI, 189 B.C. Ap.VI, 197 B.C Ap. VI, 208 B.C Ap. VI, 191, 192 B.CAp. VI, 197; VII, 221 B.C. Ap. VI, 196 B.C Ap. VI, 195-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 247 B.C. Ap. VII, 249 B.C Ap. VII, 251 B.C Ap. VII, 250 190 Indian Captains aud Languages.] Indian Captains — contd. 1869 1876 1876? 1877 Indians; use of languages other than their own. 1862 18631868 1897 1897 1779 1832 Daniel (Carib) (died 1867) Wiabee (Carib) of Waini Cephas (Carib) of Essequibo R. (staff and commission of) John Davidson (Arawak of Moruka) recom mends himself for Commandeur Francisco (Maiongong) in place of Raimoc Antonie (Akawoi) in place of Saurawick . . Davidson (Warow) in place of Ben William Schade (Arawak) of Pomeroon, in place of his father, Cornelius Schade Harry (Warow) in place of France Thomas (Akawoi), Joseph (Warow), Johnston (Arawak) recommended Sandy (Carib) Peter Cornelius (or Cornellison) (Carib), of Massaruni Murukui, Ackawoi, Captain of Massaruni Simon (Warow) of Moruka, who succeeded Captain Bushman, had been dead some time ; his commission now returned Moses (Warow) of Moruka, in place of Simon, dead Patricio Sabana, Captain of Spanish Arawaks of Moruka, dead; his com mission returned, and Jose Rosario Torres appointed in his place Jose Rosario Torres (Spanish Arawak) of Moruka Raff ael Accide (Spanish Arawak) of Moruka Jose Ribeiro Jaime (Spanish Arawak) ap pointed List of Indian Captains of Moruka Rosario's List of Indian Captains of Moruka McTurk on Captain of Atorais from Rupununi Head Differences between " Spanish" and "Eng lish " Indians Spanish not spoken except by Indians of St. Rosa (Moruka) ; explanation of Creole Dutch or English spoken to Amakuru and to Rupununi In Pomeroon ; English and Dutch (Inciarte) Inciarte takes back a boy from Pomeroon to learn Spanish Creole Dutch asmeans of communication with Indians on Upper Essequibo B.C. Ap VII, 250 B.C. Ap. VII, 249 B.C. Ap. VII, 226-7, 233, 244 B.C Ap. VI, 209 B.C. Ap. VI, 209 B.C. Ap. VI, 209 B.C. Ap. VI, 209 B.C Ap. VI, 208 B.C Ap. VI, 208 B.C. Ap.VI, 210 B.C. Ap. VI, 210 B.C. Ap. VII, 266-7, 233 B.C Ap. VII, 227 B.C. Ap.VI, 216; VII, 213 238 B.C. Ap.VI, 216; VII, 213, 238 B.CAp. VI, 216; VII, 222 B.CAp. VI, 216; VII, 222 B.C, Ap. VII, 213, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 213 B.C. Ap, 222-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C Ap. VII, 218 B CC, 24 B.CAp. VII, 218 B.C.C, 25 B.C.C. Ap, 286, 292 B.C.C, 25, 26 B.CC, 25, B.C.C. Ap, 234 B.C.C. Ap, 239 B.C Ap. VI, 47 191 Indian Languages— Interior.] Indians ; language of — continued. 1833 1836 18391840 Indigo. TIONS. See under Planta- 1841 1843 1844 1854 1884 Creole Dutch used by missionaries wiih Indians of Essequibo and Massaruni Creole Dutch in Pomeroon district English and Creole Dutch understood by Indians of Essequibo and Berbice Creole Dutch understood by Macusis from Siparuni Creole Dutch used by Indians on Lower Essequibo English learned by Spanish Arawaks of Moruka Creole Dutch used in Amakuru Warow of Aruka speaking English Creole Dutch used on Rupununi Creole Dutch and English used by Indians of Essequibo, Cuyuni and Massaruni In Asakarta, Captain Cabaralli spoke Arawak, Warow, Carib, Dutch and English English understood by Indians of Rupununi Ingles, Jacobus, Akawoi In dian, Barama River Instructions to Postholders 1757 1764 176717791785 Interior 1768 1773 1784 1834 18391843 Declaration of For Cuyuni . . For Arinda . . For Moruka . . For Moruka . . For Moruka . . B.C. Ap. VI, 49 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C.C Ap, 276 B.C.C. Ap, 286-7 B.C.C. Ap, 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VII, 14, 219-20 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C. Ap. VII, 53 B.C. Ap. VI, 130 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C.C, 26 B.C.C Ap, 312 B.C. Ap. VII, 224 B.C. Ap. II, 168-9 V.C. II, 128 B.C. Ap. Ill, 112-4 B.C Ap. Ill, 154 B.C.C. Ap, 254-5 B.C. Ap. V, 28-30 (193) Defined as south of the " Blue Mountains " Spanish control o-wer whole claimed Early Spanish action in limits of . . Dutch Settlement in, according to Venezuela The interior of Guayana said by Centurion to have been known only to Foreigners Centurion complains of Spanish inability to occupy Inciarte on the impossibility of planting village away from Orinoco Inaccessible to Europeans, according to St. Clair Less known than in Dutch times . . Only Indians above Falls . . 3 0 V.A, 153 V.C.C, 67 B.C.C, 29 V.A. 11,411-37 B.C. Ap. IV, 116 B.CAp. IV, 117 V.C. Ill, 395 V.C, 171 V.C. Ill, 402 V.C. 111,317,31! V.C. Ill, 406 Interior — Itabos.] 192 Interior — continued. International Law Ireland Ireng R.(=Mabo) .. ». 1875 1892 Irish Catholics Iruari = Yuruari, q.v. Irutebuk Mt. Irving,Sir Henry T,Governor of British Guiana 1839 1884 Iske '= His, Stephen, q.v. Issokura, Arawak Indian, Amakuru River Issororo (Aruka). See Akuka Hills. Isororo Creek (Aruka) Isororo Creek (Pomeroon). . Itabos. See also under Water way. 1766 1776 1839 1883 1631 1885 1887 1779 1841 Description of, by G. Barrington Brown . . Description of, by Rodway Principles of, advanced as applicable Alleged papal title of England to Tributary of the Takutu R, S. of Roraima (Maho) Portuguese reported in . . Portuguese drive Spaniards f rom As an alternative to Cotinga River as part of boundary line (Schomburgk) British Mission on (see Konkarmo) Proposal considered by Spanish authorities for settlement of, on Amazon and Coast of Guiana as set off to increase there of Dutch As on the boundary line (Schomburgk) . . Reports to Secretary of State definite action by Manoa Co. westward of.Amakuru Reports posting of notices by McTurk . . Asks for instructions as to action against Manoa Co. Reports conviction of Wells, and asks for instructions as to further action Forwards report by im Thurn on Amakuru, &c. Forwards further report by im Thurn on district from Pomeroon to Amakuru Declaration of Visited by Inciarte Seen and described by Inciarte Visited by Postholder, with a view to erection of Missiou Defined as a wsiter-channel connecting two adjacent rivers Moruka — Waini itabo Waini — Barima, upper itabo V.C, 189 V.C, 191 B.C, 149-158 V.C, 221-227 B.C.C. 130 V.A. II, VII, VIII B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. Ill, 137 B.C. Ap. IV, 164 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C, 112 B.C.C. Ap, 20-22 B.C Ap. VII, 5 B.C. Ap. VI, 225 B.C. Ap. VI, 229 B.C Ap. VI, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 234 B.C. Ap, 238-40 B.C. Ap. VI, 240 B.C. Ap VII, 219 B.C.C Ap, 245 B.C.C. Ap, 237, 252 B.C.C. Ap, 294 B.C, 9 B.C.C, 7, 8 B.C.C. Ap, 404, 409 B.C. Ap.VI, 105, Ap. VII, 20 B.C.C Ap, 226-7 V.A. 172, 3 and 103 B.C. Ap. VI. 96-211 B.C.C. Ap, 241 191 Itabos — Iturriaga.] Itabos — continued. Ituribisi Creek Iturriaga, Don Jose de 1892 1734 17791S39 1803 18391850 1747 1753 Morawhana as an itabo from Waini to Barima im Thurn on the, cited (Moruka — Waini) Characteristics of, that he described 1754 1755 Never impassable Used by Dutch to bring horses from Orinoco Inciarte on ; he extends the name to the Bara-bara Creek Used by Superintendent Crichton. . (Barima — Waini) Used by Superintendent Crichton To sea west of mouth of Essequibo Recommended as site of new capital Indian Captain resident in . . Condition of estates near Formerly factor of the Biscayan Company at La Guayra On destitution of Spanish Guayana and suggestions for its preservation Royal instructions to, as Chief Commissioner for the delimitation of Spanish Guayana To act with Portuouese Commissioner in delimiting Portuguese and Spanish pos sessions and to oust Dutch from Guiana To enquire secretly and report on Spanish- Dutch frontier Called on for secret and exact report on Spanish Missions To attempt to conciliate Caribs To place Spaniards among, and to aid, rebel Dutch Jvegroes To visit Rio Negro and place Spanish settlements Letter written en route for Cumana His arrival with the Commission at S. Thome His quarrel with the Governor of Cumana as to ass-istance claimed for boundary ex pedition Revenue for, to be provided by Provinces of Cumana and Caracas His instructions to Alvarado to report on mission area and Caribs Exploration by Founds two towns (Ciudad Real and Real Corona) Tamed the pride of the Indians B.C.C, 8 V.C, 27 V.A, 174 B.C.C, 14 B.C.C, 14 B.C Ap. II, 17 B.C.C. Ap, 225 B.C. Ap. VI, 75, 78, 81 B.C Ap. VI B.C. Atlas, I B.C.C. Ap, 260 B.C. Ap. VI, 75 V.C, 178 B.C. Ap. II, 103 B.C, 38 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ap. II, 84-88, 89, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 86 B.C. Ap. II, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 88, 89 B.C, 43 B.C. Ap. II, 87 B.CAp. 11,86, 89, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 91 B.CAp. Ill, 41 V.C. I, 111 B.C. Ap. II, 133, 134 B.C. Ap. II, 103, 104 B.C. Ap. II, 105, 112 V.C II, 299 B.C. Ap. IV, 114 B.C. Ap. IV, 114 B.C.C Ap, 205 B.C. Ap. IV, 114 194 Iturriaga — Jan.] Iturriaga — continued. J. Jackson v. Woodruff Jackson v. Shoonmaker . . Jackson v. Vermilyea Jacobs Jacobsz, A. . . Jaime Maria Jaime Jose Robeiro, Ara wak Indian, Moruka River. James I. 1775 17561757 1758 1760 1761 1763 1767 17581621 1843 18971623 His expedition prevented Reports by Alvarado to Letter to Father de Santo by Causes pilots to be sent to Moruka Letter to Wall, Spanish Secretary of State His suggestion to dismantle Castle of Araya Requisitions by After Cuyuni raid, proposes to increase garrison of Guayana Letter to Spanish Secretary of State States Dutch claimed as far as Boca de Navios Reports having taken measures against Caribs Declared Commandant of the new settle ments Solano's letter to King of Spain on corres pondence of Failure of the cities founded by him He withdraws in ill-health Quoted on extent of possession belonging to adverse holders Quoted on definite boundaries being re quired by adverse holders Quoted on extent of possession belonging 1V.A, 362, 389 to adverse holders Jan, Arawak Captain of Asse- 1 1841 kuru, Amakuru . . Quoted on the same. . A Dutchman said to be living at Curama- curu Island, in Cuyuni Map by Captain of S. Rosa Indians. . Declaration of Made Captain of Spanish Arawaks of Moruka Petition addressed to, by English settlers in Guiana, as to Spanish claims in those parts Arawak Captain of Amakuru, speaking Creole Dutch. See also under Indian Captains B.C, 44 B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 105-118 V.C.C. Ill, 63 B.CC, 89 B.CAp. II, 138, 14 2 V.C, 140 B.C. Ap. II, 136-7 B.C. Ap. II, 203 V.C.C. Ill, 63 B.C Ap. II, 171 B.CAp. II, 141-2 B.C, 115 B.C Ap. II, 141-2 B.C. Ap. II, 183-4 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 203-209 V.C.C. Ill, 64 B.C. Ap. Ill, 67 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 V.A, 363 V.A, 371 V.A, 365 B.C, 48 B.C Ap. II, 150 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 B.C., Ill B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 V.C, 52 B.C Ap. VII, 14 195 Jan Antheunissen — Jurisdiction.] Jan Antheunissen. Jan Elaas . . Jansse, Gerrit Jansson, Joannes Jantie, the Creole . Janvier Jarabakkary Jeffreys 1699 1826 1767 -9 1647 1735 1790 1826 1781 Jesuits. See under Missions, Spanish. Jews Johnson «. Mcintosh Johnson, Stephen, Akawoi Indian, Barima River Jones, Hon. B. H. Jonge, Jacobus de . . A Company's negro trader on upper rivers Indian Chief on Massaruni Postholder at Arinda Map by Sent up the Cuyuni by Commandeur Map by Indian Chief of Massaruni River Maps by 1792 1795 1663 1823 1887 16861687 1691 Josephs, Samuel, Grantholder, Aruka River Juan, Bishop of Porto Rico. . 1634 Juan, Captain of Moruka Indians. See under Indian Captains. Junor, Hugh Jurisdiction, Criminal and Civil. See under Cot'RTS of Justice. Jurisdiction, Political. See under Political Contuol. (193) 1815 B.C.C. Ap, 51, 53 B.C. Ap. VI, 37 B.C. Ap.VII, 160-7 B.C. Atlas, 8 B.C Ap. VII, 844-5 B.C Ap. II, 20 B.C, 139 B.C. Atlas, 31 B.C. Ap. VII, 364-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 38 V.C. Atlas, p. 41 V.C.C. II, 296-7 B.C Ap. VII, 362-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 42 V.C.C. II, 297 V.C. Atlas, p. 44 V.C. II, 297 V.C. Atlas, p 45 V.C.C. II, 297 In colony of Pomeroon Citation from judgment of Marshall, C. J, ir Declarations of Speech by, in Court of Policy Commandeur of Pomeroon Colony Report on Pomeroon by Director of the Company's Plantation, Poelwijk lias disappeared from the lists by 1700 . . Declaration of Letter to King of Spain on wretched state of Guayana Built barracks at Capoey, Essequibo Coast B.CC. Ap, 33, 34 V.A, 186 B.C. Ap. VII, 230, 232 V.C, 185n V.C, 87 B.C, Ap. I, 200 B.C.C, 60 V.C. II, 57 B.C Ap. I, 202 B.C. Ap. VII, 149 B.C Ap. VII, 151 B.C. Ap.VII, 216 B.C.C Ap, 10-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 2 3 D Jurisdiction.] 196 Jurisdiction as to Indians J1665 1746 Venezuelan criticise of Dutch Of W.I. Co. discussed by Burr Extended by the British Nature of British control over Indians . . By Superintendent of River and Creeks Well illustrated by Report Of West India Company with regard to New Netherland official statement Exercised over Caribs of Cuyuni River 1747 By Essequibo Court of Justice for crime i in Pomeroon 1748 1765 1766 1768 1783 1831 1832 1838 1839 1840 -41 1840 1841 1843 By Essequibo Court of Justice for crime in Cuyuni Exercised between Indians in Moruka . . This approved by the Company Jan Baptiste appointed interpreter for Indian languages to the Essequibo Court of Justice The Indian Joris tried for murder of white man in Wakepo Trial of Billy Williams Trial of Indian Frederick To be exercised by Postholders, as sub ordinate to Superintendents of Rivers and Creeks Exercised by British at Honobo in case of Indian Manoel on Upper Barima Never exercised by Venezuela beyond Amakuru Case of Indian Capoey v. Pickersgill Indian Case, in Moruka, Joseph (Arawak) v. Simiteo (Warow), dealt with by Superintendent Crichton V.C.C, 93-95 V.CC. II, 24-28 B.C, 101 B.C. Ap. V, 195 ; VI, 43-5 V.A. II, 708 B.C, 101 B.C. Ap. VI, 65-75 V.C.C. II, 23 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 46 B.C.C. Ap, 189 B.C.C Ap, 190 B.C. Ap. Ill, 126 B.C. Ap. Ill, 133 B.C.C Ap, 216 B.C. Ap. V, 8 V.C.C, 95 B.C, 102 B.C. Ap. VI, 40-2 V.A. II, 711 B.C. Ao. VI, 47-8 V.A. II, 713 B.C.C. Ap, 281 B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71. 78-81 V.A. II, 679, 709-10. B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71n, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 80 B.C. Ap. VI, 82 Macusis from Siparuni, appeal agaiust Post- B.C.C. Ap, 286-7 holder of Demerara Exercised by British in Barima, Aruka, Kaituma B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 96-7, 112 Fox, a Warow Indian v. D. Campbell,! B.C.C. Ap, 291 dealt with by Superintendent King in j Pomeroon Murder on Aruka dealt with by Super- j B.C. Ap. VII, 16 intendent Crichton Venezuela alleges exercise of, at Barima iB.C. Ap. VII, 76 and Amakuru Exercised by British in Barima B.C., 117-8 B.CAp. VI, 127 197 Jurisdiction — Keymis. ] Jurisdiction — continued. Jurisdiction over Settlers 18501882 18861897 1762 1766 K. Kabakaburi . . Kairamab Creek (Pomeroon) Kaituma River 1779 Kalakoon Kanyeballi . Karia - Karia. See under Missions, British. Kelly, Thomas A, President Manager of Manoa Co. Kendall, William . . Ketel, Jan de Keymis 1766 1840 -41 1841 1887 British jurisdiction up to Schomburgk line B.C Ap. VII, 236 To Amakuru exercised by im Thurn Fully exercised by British to Amakuru . . McTurk on his exercise of, on Essequibo, with Cuj'uni and Massaruni Venezuelan criticism of Court of Justice deals with charge against Stedevelt for ill-treatment of Indiaus up in Essequibo In case of Adams v. van Rosen in Barima 1884 1857 1743-48 Inciarte hears traditions, and sees traces of Dutch at (See also under Missions British) Passed by Inciarte Tributary l.b. Barima River Van Rosen settled in British jurisd'tctiou exercised in . . Schomburgk on On [R.B.] Massaruni River, near mouth Gold station at On [R.B.] Waini R, opposite mouth of Barama Fruit and coffee trees at . . Personally serves notices of claim west of Amakuru A white man residing at Warapoko in Waini Postholder of Arinda 1595 Visits Orinoco 1595 -96 1596 Description of St. Thome, 1st site (from his " Seconde Voyage to Guiana," p. 15) Early Spanish expeditions to Essequibo enumerated by Cited as to Spanish power over Indians . 1597' On strength of S. Thome and Fajardo . B.C Ap. VII, 236 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 V.C.C, 93-5 B.CC, Ap, 208 B.C.C. Ap, 208-216 V.A. II, 453 B.CC. Ap, 235, 253 B.C.C. Ap, 237 B.C.Atlas, I B.CC. Ap, 216 B.C, 117 B.CAp. VI, 96-7, 112 B.C Ap. VII, 20 B.C.C, 123 B.C. Ap. VII, 321 B.C. Atlas B.C, 68 B.C. Ap. VII, 237 B.C. Ap. VI, 225-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 213, 222, 238 B.C. Ap.VII, 160-61, 178 V.C, 45 B.C, 21 V.C, 43 V.C, 46 V.C, 46 Kij koveral — Kinj ear. J 198 Kijkoveral Port, within mouth of Massaruni River Seat of Dutch Government Centre, not whole area, of Dutch control . . Alleged Spanish origin of . . [Burr] Described by Gravesande (1764) as Portu guese Micklethwaite on Dutch origin of . . Keystone of . . B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C.,, 12 B.C Ap. Ill, 116 B.C.C, 58 B.CC, 31 V.C, 43 V.C.C. II, 70-1 B.C. Ap. III. 116 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 B.C Ap. VII, 242 1616 Said to have been founded by Dutch under Groenewegen B.C, 23 B.C. Ap. I, 169 1644 Fort in Essequibo Enrliest use of this name for the fort in Essequibo B.C. Ap. I, 130 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 130 1646 Annatto stored at . . B.C. Ap. I, 131 1648 Dutch alleged to have been limited to V.C, 105 B.C.C, 71 V.A, 3, II, 395 1691 Eighteen Company's servants employed at B.CAp. VII, 149 1699-1701 Official journal kept at B.C. Ap. I, 215 B.C.C. Ap, 47-158 1704 Enlargement of B.C. Ap. I, 227 1709 Commandeur orders all vessels to call at. . B.C.C. Ap, 159 1718 Dutch Governor's residence removed from B.C, 33 1764 Incidentally alluded to by Director-General as "an old Portuguese work" B.CAp. Ill, 116 1836 Depredations to ruins of B.C. Ap. VI, 59 1841 Superintendent King putting up Resthouse on, and cultivating B.C. Ap. VI, 108 1897 Ruins of B.C. Ap. VII, 239-42 Kiltum (i.e. Rum) 1761 Director-General suggests a duty on B.C. Ap. II, 200, 211 1774 -90 Delivered to Posts, accounts for B.C. Ap. VII, 182 King, Robert 1839 Appointed Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks, Essequibo B.C. Ap. VI, 87 1810 Issues warrant for arrest of Maul B.C, 102 B.C. VI, 99 Reports by . . B.C. Ap. VI, 87-8, 94 100, 103, 106, 111, 119 B.C.C. Ap, 287-93 ,99, 114, Reports Venezuelan gunboat in Barima, " which river is our boundary " B.C Ap. VI, 99. V.A. II, 693 Kinj ear, Francois 1699- 1700 Postholder of Mahaicony B.CC Ap,. 49 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 199 Kleij nderen — Laet. ] Kleijnderen. Jargen Gobel von Kleijman, Hendrik Knollman, H. W. Knott, Isaac . . Konkarmo. See under Mis sions, British (a.d. 1883). Koraia Creek Koriabo 1735 1748 -53 1754 -6 1807 -8 1808 Engaged as Assistant Postholder oi Wakepo aud Moruka Assistant Postholder at Wakepo and Moruka Postholder at Wakepo and Moruka Protector of Indians of Essequibo On Post of Massaruni 1756 Application to cut timber . 1766 Kuriai Creek (Barima) Kuriapo Island and Creek 1779 1841 1891 1893 1841 1758 1850 Kwabanneh. See under Mis sions, British (a.d. 1887). Kwaidawarri, Warow In dian, Aruka R. Labouchere, H, Secretary of State Laet, Jan de (193) 1857 1591 1625 -30 1844 Man cutting timber for, in Barima Explored by Inciarte Creek and Station on (L.B.) Upper Barima Tradition and traces of Dutch residents at Visited by Schomburgk Police-station at Post-office at Courts at Schomburgk on Within mouth of Orinoco Dutch traders in Nearest Venezuelan station to Barima Declaration of Instructions to Governor Wodehouse in view of the recent discovery of gold Alleges presence of Spaniards in Essequibo Burr on the two editions, his Nieuwe Wereldt S. Fortique's reference to , . S E B.C.C Ap, 180 B.C. Ap. VII, 161-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 162-3 V.C, 169 B.C.C Ap, 263 V.C, 169 V.C III, 357 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 128-9, 135-6 B.C, 84 B.C Ap. Ill, 132 B.CC. Ap, 232-4 B.C. Atlis, 1 B.C, 51, 68 B.CAp. VII, 209-11, 214, 217-8, 232-4, 237 B.C, 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 21 B.C, 118 B.C.C, 119 B.C.C, 121 B.C.C, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 21 B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C, 41, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 183; VII, 13, 16, 31 B.C. Ap.VII, 211 B.C. Ap. VI, 202 V.C, 42 V.C.C. II, 68, 69 B.C Ap. VII, 87-9 Laet— Land System.] 200 Laet — continued. Laet, Pieter de ¦' Laigland " . . Lancaster, S. Don Jose Car vajal y, Spanish Secretary of State 1625 1630 1734 -44 1745 -7 1747 17561826 1750 1753 His map of Guiana Map of Guiana Land System and Grants (Dutch) 1628 1656 1657 1663 1664 1704 1706 1719 1721 -93 1721 1727 Assistant Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Discharged for bad conduct Postholder at Mahaicony Proposed name for Gray's grant in Pome roon opposite Arapiakru Originates the " Project of Para," q.v. . , Correspondence with Count de Perelada, re Spanish - Portuguese intrigue to oust Dutch from Guiana Under Dutch eventually extended con tinuously to Moruka Right of colonists to select land . . Selection of land permitted Application to the Company, by certain Dutchmen (to be known as Patrons), for 12 miles on Wild Coast, and as far inland as it shall be convenient to cultivate Sales of land in Pomeroon. . Selection and registration of land at Browershoek, on the Essequibo, by J. Doensen Doensen's alleged to be the earliest instance of a " free plantation " Poelwijk said to be solitary experiment above the Falls Plantations then extending from the Falls on the three rivers to the head of the great islands m the Lower Essequibo Zeeland Chamber renews order against timber cutting in Essequibo, Pomeroon and Demerara Record of Dutch land grants fairly com plete Grants on Creeks Ampa andBonasika, i.e., nearly to mouth of Essequibo Timber cutting sanctioned in Supenaam Creek (west side Essequibo, near mouth) Also in Ituribisi Creek (west side Essequibo, at mouth) B.C. Atlas. 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 342-3 V.C.C. II, 233 V.C. Atlas, 24 B.C Ap. VII, 342-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 158, 160 B.C. Ap. VII, 160, 178 B.C. Ap. II, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 1 63 B.C.C. Ap, 278 B.C.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 78 B.C. Ap. II, 78-84 B.C.C, 14-5 B.C. Ap. I, 68 B.CAp. 1,138 V.C. II, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 140 B.C.C. Ap, 41-2 B.A, 34-5 B.C. Ap. I, 162-3 V.C. II, 35 V.A. II, 396 V.C.C, 56 See Maas' Map in V. A tlas, p. and B.C.C. Ap, 363 B.C. Ap. VII, 189 B.C. Ap. VII, 187, 205 B.C.C. Ap, 363-388 B.C. Ap. VII, 187 B.C. Ap. VII, 187 B.C. Ap. VII, 187 Land System.] 201 Land System— continued. 1727 -30 1729 1730 -40 17351740 -50 1740 -5 1740 1741 -6 1743 1744 1744 -5 1745 1746 1747 1748 1750 Land grants made in Supenaam and Ituribisi Grants on Low-low Island, Trulie Island and other islands in Upper Estuary of Essequibo River Sixteen grants in Supenaam Creek and 9 in Ituribisi Creek Many on islands in Upper Estuary and on both banks of Essequibo Grants in Cuyuni, Massaruni and Essequibo up to Falls Dutch cultivation of indigo Eleven grants on islands in Upper Estuary of Essequibo Five on banks of Estuary Five in Supenaam Creek Fifteen in Ituribisi Creek Three in Cuyuni, three in Massaruni, and five on Upper Essequibo Rights of Indians reserved Rights to Hog Island (upper Estuary, near Fort Island) strictly reserved by Com pany Three grants made on Tiger Island (Aroa- bisi), three on Leguan Island, and one on Wakenaam Island ; all on seaward ace of estuary Grant made to Van der Heyden upward from Cartabo Two grants en sea coast west of Essequibo Two grants in Capoey Creek — far west on sea coast Right to cultivate in Pomeroon given Grant in Capoey to extend to Tapakuma (tributary of Pomeroon) Grant in Oene Creek Actual site of Cartabo granted to J. P. Belle (the Company reserving right to build) West India Company approves system of land grants adopted by Court of Policy (1746); and desires survey of cultivated and of ungranted lands Resolution restricting allotment of land for hereditament State of cultivation Van s'Gravesande's map Commandeur pleads for more colonists for interior B.C. Ap. VII, 187-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 188 B.C. Ap. VII, 188-91 B.C. Ap. VII, 188-91 B.C. Ap. VII, 188-91 B.CC. Ap., 180 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 19J-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 191, 192, 193 B.C. Ap. VII, 192 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 192 B.C. Ap. VII, 193 B.C. Ap. VII, 192-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 193 B.C Ap. VII, 193-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 193 B.C. Ap. VII, 193 V.C. II, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 51 B.C. Ap. VII, 194 B.C, 36 B. Atlas, p. 17 B.C. Ap. II, 66 Land System.] 202 Land System — continued. 1750 -60 1753 1753 -4 1755 1756 1757 1760 1760 -70 176317C6 1766 -8 1767 1768 Many further grants on islands in Upper Estuary, in Supenaam Creek and in Ituri bisi Several in Upper Essequibo and in Massa runi One more on Wakenaam Island Director-General prophesies that all (short of Pomeroon) will soon have beeng ranted Transfer of land in, by C Finet Timber rights in Waini granted Similar rights in Pomeroon and in Capoey (timber to be exported through Pome roon) absolutely refused Right to cut timber in Capoey and Pome roon reserved by Court of Policy Land of Isaac v. d. Cruijsse in Capoey had been sold to Peter de Windt Court of Justice considers question of ownership of Feldermau's land, claimed by Jan la Riviere, in Pomeroon Petition by Salinacq and Knott to cut timber in Pomeroon and Waini referred to Company The clearing at Cartabo, formerly the Company's head quarters, finally and definitely granted West India Company considers as to throwing open Pomeroon, to which the Director is strongly opposed Grant to Bysenteufel, on west bank of Moruka, from the new guard house up ward Preferential right to a creek in Pomeroon (in case it is opened up) granted to Schoneman Further grants in Cuyuni (2), Massaruni (2), on islands in upper estuary (4), in Supenaam Creek (2j, in Ituribisi Creek (1), on Wakenaam Island (5), in .Gene Creek (10), and in Capoey Creek (2) Distinction between Company's plantations and grants to free settlers Questions as to conflicting ownerships in Wakenaam In Capoey " there is no more land to give " Proclamation calling on grantholders to take out title deeds Petitions for land west from Capoey enter tained Grant made two hours beyond Capoey . . Petition :.a to land of Lutheran Church on FOrt Island Kijkoveral; ownership reserved by Com pany, but grazing rights allowed to van der Heyden B.C. Ap. VII, 194-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 194-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 196 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap VII, 195 B.CAp. 11,90, 92; VII, 195 B.C. Ap.VII, 195 B.C.C. Ap, 197 B.C.C. Ap, 197 B.C. Ap. VII, 196 B.C. Ap. VII, 196 B.C Ap. VII, 196 B.C. Ap. II, 131 B.C. Ap. 11,135-6 B.C. Ap. VII, 197 B.CAp. VII, 197 B.C. Ap. VII, 197-202 B.C. Ap. VII, 198 B.C. Ap. VII, 198-9 B.C. Ap.VII, 199 B.C.C Ap, 209 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 199 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 203 Land System.] Land System — continued. 1768 1769 1770 -80 1700 1771 1772 1773 1774 1777 1780 -96 1783 1786 1789 1790 1791 Limited timber rights in Pomeroon granted Petition from 50 inhabitants of Demerara for plantation on Pomeroon; answered that the matter would be considered when the Demerara was suitably settled Sale of a plantation in Moruka Further grants on Massaruni, Cuyuni, on islands of upper estuary, on west shore of estuary, in Capoey, in Oene Many petitions for Pomeroon declined Petitions for two- lots of 100 acres each in Pomeroon entertained Grant of 500 acres on sea coast by Pomeroon, westward to Palehory Petitions to Court of Policy for Grants at Moruka Map of Surveyor Bowman, showing grants by Capoey Cessation of demand for grants up river , New instructions as to land ; application to be direct to the Council of Ten Conflicting decisions on land grants Company's rights to old land grants Siraut Destouches complains of inaccuracy B.C.C. Ap, 370 of chart of Bowman (west of Capoey) (193) Grants on Creek Hamacka Grants on Creek Hamacka. . Resolution that future petitions must be accompanied by diagram of the land asked for Grants of 2,000 acres in Pomeroon, and two of 500 acres each Petition for grant on Bara-bara (Waini River) The Court is of opinion that between worked ground or plantations no land should re main uncultivated Petitions in suspense pending survey of coast by Pomeroon Resolution for general survey as far as mouth of Pomeroon Forty-six petitious in April, 25 in May, 28 in July, 8 in October, for land in Pomeroon Land granted on Essequibo to Postholder of Arinda Further petitions for land in Pomeroon 3 F B.C Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 205 B.C Ap. VII, 202-4 B.C.C Ap, 365-72 B.C Ap. VII, 203 B.C. Ap. VII, 204 B.C. Ap. VII, 204 B.C. Ap. IV, 87 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 V.C. II, 218 B.C.C Ap, 365, 370 B.C. Ap. IV, 122 V.C, 108 V.C II, 221 B.C.C. Ap, 363, 370 B.C. Ap. IV, 125 V.C. II, 222 B.C. Ap. IV, 183 V.C. II, 232 B.C.C. Ap, 370-71 B.C.C. Ap, 372 B.CC. Ap, 373 B.CC. Ap, 373 B.C.C. Ap, 373 B.CC. Ap, 374 B.C.C Ap, 376-77 B.C.C Ap, 377 B.C.C. Ap, 377-82 B.C.C. Ap, 379 B.C.C. Ap, 382 204 L nd System— Languages.] Land System — continued. 1791 1791 -93 17921793 1795 1796 1803 1804 1826 1827 1834 1838 Landroy, Francis Lanflerman, J. A Langendyck, Jan Claessen Languages used bylndians. i See under Creole Dutch. I 1839 -40 1839 1840 1844 1850 1853 1816 1658 Survey of Pomeroon by Van der Burcht had been hauded in List of 113 Lots in Pomeroon assigned . . Further petitions for Pomeroon dealt with Land grants cannot be returned till limit bouudary with Spain fixed Timber-cutting forbidden on Moruka and Pomeroou Charges of Surveyor Chollet for lotting out Pomeroon, and the creeks Wakepo and Akawini (Ikioni), and as far as Moruka Extension of grants in the Pomeroon Lands up to the Orinoco apportioned by British Grants offered free on upper rivers Report required by the Council of the Batavian Republic Myers on state of cultivation Grant to Robert Gray (at Pickersgill) in Pomeroon B.C.C. Ap , ?83 B.C.C Ap , 383-5 B.C.C Ap, 385-8 B.C. Ap. V, 133 B.C.C. Ap, 257-8 B.C.C Ap, 388 B.C.C, 77 B.C. Ap. V, 164, 167, 1( B.C. Ap. V, 182 B.C Ap. V, 177 V.C, 164 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C.C. Ap, 273 Governor d'Urban's map showing cultivation IB.C Ap. VI, 39 Grant suggested by Postholder ToDge to Church at St. Rosa Grant for St. Rosa, extent of Rights of the Crown reserved (to land and timber) as against all except Indians Privilege of Indians to cultivate and cut timber, &c. Six Arawaks apply for grants in Supenaam Squ:itters on Crown land in Pomeroon warned off James Campbell permitted to occupy, at mouth of Moruka R. Land in Pomeroon purchased by emanci pated slaves Grant on Moruka to Bishop (R.C) for Sta. Rosa Mission Grants in Pomeroon. . New Grant on Moruka to Mission of S. Rosa Postholder Baird on grants en Essequibo R. Condition of cultivation Catechist of Cabacaburi Captain of Burgher Militia . .+ Empowered by the States General to raise a Colony on the Wild Coast B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 67 B.C. Ap. VI, 58 B.C.C. Ap, 279 B.CC Ap, 285 B.C.C. Ap, 285 B.C. Ap. VI, 88, 91-2 B.C Ap. VI, 08 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 93 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C.C. Ap, 296 V.C, 177 B.C. Ap. VI, 193 B.C. Ap. VI, 6 B.C. Ap. I, 1 47 205 Lapie — Lazaretto.] LapieLara, Gaspar. . Las Tablas on Moruka Laurie & Whittle . . Law Cases Quoted 1828 1747 1834 1794 Lazaretto. See under Lf.pei? Asylum Map by Map by Sp. Arawak Settlement Maps by Bliss v. Johnson, quoted on law of adverse holding Agency Company v. Short, quoted on same French v. Pearce, quoted on exclusiveness required by adverse holders Hunt v. Wickliffe. quoted on same Barr v. Gratz, quoted on same Doe v. Campbell, quoted on definite boundaries being required by adverse holders Jackson v. Woodruff, quoted on same Brandt v. Ogden, quoted on same, and on necessity of a contemporaneous claim of right Harvey v. Tyler, quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders Grube v. Wells, quoted on same . . Winthrop v. Benson, quoted on same Ricard v. Williams, quoted on same Ewing c. Burnet, quoted on same . . Jackson v. Shoonmaker, quoted on extent of possession belonging to adverse holders Jackson v. Woodruff, quoted on same Coverdale v. Charlton, quoted on same . . Bailey v. Carleton, quoted on same Jackson v. Vermilyea, quoted on same . . Watkins v. Holman, quoted on same American Insurance Company v. Canter, quoted on title by Conquest United States v. Hay ward, quoted on same United States v. Rice, quoted on same . . Fleming v. Page, quoted on same Marryat v. Wilson, quoted on the inter* pretation of treaties United States v. Arodondo, quoted on same B.C, 137 B.C. Ap. VII, 372-3 B.C.Atlas, 29 V.C.C. Atlas, 15 V.C.C. Atlas, 3 B.C Ap. VI, 53 B.C, 140 B.C.Atlas. 32-3 B.C Ap. VII, 364-7 V.A, 359 V.A, 360, 386 V.A, 368 V.A, 370 V.A, 370 V.A, 371 V.A, 371 V.A., 371, 384 V.A, 374 V.A, 374 V.A, 374 V.A, 374, 385, 389 V.A, 374, 384, 389 V.A, 362, 389 V.A, 363 V.A, 364 V.A, 364, 366, 385, 390 V.A, 365 V.A, 365 V.A, 278 V.A, 278 V.A, 279 V.A, 279 V.A., 287 V.A, 287 Leal— Level.] 206 Leal, Antonio de Barras, a Captain of Brazilian National Guard 1838 Ordered to Pirara, to define boundary between Brazil and B. Guiana B.C. Ap. VII, 3 Visits mouth of Siparuni R, B.C. Ap. VI, 87 1842 Commandant of Fort St. Joaquim. . B.C. Ap.VI, 120;. VII, 48 Consents, perforce, to evacuate Pirara . . B.C. Ap. VII, 41 Protest against Schomburgk's boundary marks on Takutu B.C. Ap. VII, 46 Lecuna, Senor Vicente 1850 Venezuelan Minister for Foreign Affairs . . (See under Diplomacy.) B.C. Ap. VII, 185 L'Eclair, Servaas (Gervais ?) 1769 Assistant Postholder at Arinda B.C. Ap. VII, 167 1774 Ledoux, Henri 1879 Prospects for gold in Essequibo V.C. Ill, 341 Leenderse, Pieter 1750 Resigns Assistant Postholdership of Arinda B.C. Ap. II, 65 Leguan Island 1803 B C, Atlas, 1 Recommended as possible site for new capital B.C.C. Ap, 259 Leofling, Pedro 1754 (?) A Swedish Botanist appointed to accom pany the Spanish-Portuguese Boundary Commission B.C. Ap. II, 132 Leper Asylum 1816 In Pomeroon B.C. Ap. VI, 5 1834 Rev. John Duke on state of B.C.C. Ap, 274 1839 Re-erected by Superintendent in Akaweeui Creek B.C. Ap. VI, 69, 73, 81 1840 Visited and reported on by Superintendent B.C. Ap. VI, 89, 95, 101, 105 B.C.C. Ap, 291 1841 In Pomeroon B.C. Ap. VI, 113 1843 In Pomeroon, favourably reported on B.C. Ap. VI, 128 1844 In Pomeroon, visited officially by Post- holder. Proposal to transfer to Massaruni River B.C. Ap.VI. 132-3, 136 Lerma, Duke of . . . . 1615 His allusion to Spaniards in Essequibo . . V.C, 43 On Usselinx's Fleet V.C. II, 263 Letterwood 1699- 1701 - Dutch trade in B.C. Ap. I, 171 B.C.C. Ap, 66, 91, 97, 150, 157 Level, Senor Andres ,« 1847 Appointed Inspector to visit Spanish Missions of Guayana B.C. Ap. VI, 150 His report on his visit to Missions (Spanish) of Guayana B.C, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 150-165 B. Ap, 18, 23 Writes " There are no Missions (See also under Missions, Spanish) B.C. Ap. VI, 162 1850 Alleged propagation of calumnies on Great Britain by B.C. Ap. VI, 180 107 Lewis — Linau.] Lewis, Z. A, Grantholder, Barima River Lewis, F, Carib Indian Moruka River Leyn, Jan Cornelisz Lieven Light, Sir Henry, Governor of British Guiana 1597 17001838 Lighthouse on Baiimx Point Lightship, Venezuelan Limones, Island of. (See under Orinoco.) Linau, H 093) 1839 1841 1842 1836 1842 18481850 Declaration of Declaration of Proposed voyage to Guiana by, in the two ships, the Great and Little Sphera Mund; A negro, employed by the Company to trade on the Rupununi Despitch of, on Pomeroon as limit to Colony Oq danger of settlements of Bush negroes Speech on duty of Government towards Indians To Secretary of State forwarding Schom burgk's preliminary memorandum on boundary, and map Letter to Venezuelan Commissioners visiting Georgetown Letter to Brazilian Commander at Pirara. . Despatch of, referred to in 1850 by Go vernor Barkly (B.C. Ap. VI, 183), but not disclosed in British case Said to have been asked for by British Act of Congress of Venezuela for . . A lightship stationed off Barima Point in place of Governor Barkly refers to lightship as sub stituted for lighthouse formerly pro posed for, at Barima Point 1886 1887 1848 1850 1884 1886 -7 1807 B.C. Ap. VII, 217 B.C. Ap. VII, 221 V.C. II, 5 B.C.C Ap, 85 V.C, 167 B.CC, 108 V.CC. Ill, 177 B.C.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C. A p. VII, 1-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 76 V.C, 205 V.C. 199-200 B.C. Ap. VI, 118-9 V.A. II, 692 B.C, 122 B.C. Ap.VII, 81-5 V.C, 199 B.CC, 127 V.A, 82 V.CC III, 165 B.C. Ap. VI, 183 B.C. Ap. VI, 183 No protest made against this lightship . . -V.A. 690-1 Venezuelan President's intention to place] B.C. Ap. VII, 117, 124-5 on Barima Point Lord Iddesleigh offers consent to erection ol, on Barima Point, but without pre judice to British rights Offer indignantly declined by Venezuela . . First stationed off Point Barima .. Governor Barkly is informed that it is a private enterprize The lightship between Barima Point and Sabaneta said by S. Rojas to have been established at this date Position of, 6 miles off Sabanetta Poiut . . Proposed fortification of . . Postholder of Moruka 3 G B.C. Ap.VII, 117, 124-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 125-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 183 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 V.C III, 185 B.C. Ap. VI, 238, 242 B.C.C. Ap-, 263 208 Linau — Macaroni ] Linau — continued Ling, Edward Llanos, of S. Juan, on Upper Orinoco Local Guide of British Guiana London Gazette London, Treaty of . . Longden, Sir James, Governor of British Guiana 1813 1 754 17581G59 1691 1840 1843 Protector of Indians Timber grant on Waini to . . Dutch Government refers to timber grants- to, in Pomeioon and Waini Spanish Missions in. . Missions in, confused with those of Pariacot Savannahs Missions on . . Quofpd Quoted On difficulties of Cuyuni 1886 21st October. Notice in, proclaiming Schomburgk line 1814 1875 Lindgreen, Elias Lons, Pieter Lowther, Captain . . Lussis, Willem Lyell M. Maals, Van der Maas, Abraham Maburima. See Aruka Hulls. Macapa (Cuyuni River) Macaroni (Massaruni) 11638 — Kijkoveral Fort „ j bJ 1763 1751 18901757 17341701 1706 Essequibo finally ceded to Great Britain To Secretary of State, on arrest of murderer Garrett in Amakui u To Consul-General Middleton on Garrett's arrest in Amakuru Reports Venezuelan authorities informed of facts anent arrest of Garrett in Amakuru Argues that the disputed terrifouy, even under " arrangement of 1850," is not a sanctuary for criminals Sent by Director-General to explore above Post Arinda A Dutch trader murdered by Maganouts on Upper Essequibo And Sir Andrew Clarke ; their alleged proposal to Venezuela ; repudiated by Great Britain Postholder at Moruka On history of formation of coast from Pomeroon to Amakuru Returns from Orinoco with a cargo of horses Surveyor at Kijkoveral Map by B.C. Ap, VI, 1 B.C Ap. II, 90-92 B.C. Ap. II, 143 B.C. Atlas, 22,27 V.C, 101 B.C.C, 70 V.C, 101 V.C. Ill, 369 V.C, 168 V.C, 172 V.C, 30 B.C. Ap. VII, 131. 133 V.C, 216 B.C. Ap. V, 228 V.C, 58, 163 V.A, 6 ' B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C Ap. VI, 213 B.C. Ap. VI, 212-14 B.C. Ap. VI, 213-14 B.C. Ap. II, 222 B.C. Ap. II, 71 B.C. Ap. VII, 136-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 163 B.C Ap. VII, 243 British Post at B.C Ap. II, 17 B.C.C. Ap, 151, 156 V.C, 97 V.C. Atlas, p. 59 V.C.C II, 234 V.A. II, 398 .. ; B.C. Atlas, p. 1 .. B.A.. 50 B.C, 25 iB.C Ap. I, 99 Macarumu — McClintock. 209 Macarumu R. 1755 " Which enters the Miamo, and is different from the other, called Curumu " B.C Ap II, IOC McClintock, W. C H. F. . . 1840 Appointed Postholder of Pomeroon, 1 Oct. B C Ap. VI, 104-5, 125 On Return of Indians B.C. Ap. VI, 99-100, 106 Recommends appointment of new Indian Captains B.C. Ap VI, 105 Report for 4th quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 105-6 1841 First si°;ns as " ^ up jrintendent of Rivers and Creeks " but as also " Postholder " B.C Ap. VI, 106 Report for 3rd quarter B.CC Ap, 294-5 Engaged on repair of Post B.C. Ap. VI, 113 Living at his own residenceof Maccasseema, in Upper Pomeroon B.C. Ap. VI, 106 Returns to Post at mouth of river to repair B.C. Ap. VI, 107 same Is allowed to live up the river B.C Ap. VI, 114 Officially comments on duty of instruction of Indians of Waiui, Barima, and right bank of Amakuru B.C. Ap. VI, 106 1S42 Goes to Pirara with British troops B.C Ap. VI, 119 1843 Report of, for 3rd quarter B.C Ap. VI, 127-8 Report for 4th quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 129 On Monika itabo as a barrier V.A. 173 Title of Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks first used by B.C Ap. VI, 129 Also acts as Commissary of Taxation B.C Ap. VI, 127 On state of Pomeroon Post. Asks to be repaid cost of repair B.C. Ap.VI, 125-126 Petitions for expenses in bringing Indian witnesses from Barima River B.C Ap. VI, 121-5 Petitions for his expenses in taking census in Pomeroou district B.C. Ap. VI, 124 1844 Repirt for 1st quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 131-3 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 133-4 Report for 4th quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 134-S Deals with complaints of debt by Indians against settler in Waini B.C. Ap. VI, 132 1845 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 138-9 Report for 3rd quarter B.C Ap. VI, 140-1 Report for 4th quarter B.C Ap. VI, 142-3 Reports cause of Akawois of Barama migrating to Cuyuni B.C Ap. VI, 141-2 . Petition for further repair of Posthouse . . B.C. Ap. VI, 139 Letters to Government Secretary on Waramuri Mission, then under con struction B.C. Ap. VI, 13C-7ti McClintock.] 210 McClintock — continued. 1846 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 143-4 Report for 3rd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 144-5 Report for 4th quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 145-7 On the proper conduct of Missions B.C. Ap. VI, 143 1847 Report for 1st quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 147-8 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap.VI, 149 B C Ap. VI, 165 To Receiver-General, on trade from B.C.C. Ap, 299 Orinoco Traverses Pomeroon, Moruka, &c B.C. Ap. VI, 148-9 B C Ap. VI, 165 On methods of civilization of Indians B.C. Ap. VI, 149 Petition for a house on the Moruka B.C Ap. VI, 149-150 Explains rumoured attack on Caribs by Akawois as a Kenaima story B.C. Ap. VI, 148 1848 Report for 1st quarter B.C.C. Ap, 300 Report for 3rd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 170 Report for 4th quarter B.C. Ap.VI, 170-172 Special report on state of population of Pomeroon B.C. Ap.VI, 167-9 Calls attention to duty of instruction to Indians of Waiui, Amakuru, Barima, &c. B.C. Ap. VI, 170 On bad state of repair of Post at Pomeroon mouth B.C. Ap.VI, 166 1849 Report for 1st quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 172-3 BC Ap.VI, 175-6 B.C Ap. VI, 175 6 Report for 4 th quarter B.C Ap. VI, 176-7 Proposal for Indian settlement on Tapa- cuma B.C. Ap. VI, 174 On trade from Orinoco, and proposed removal of Post B.C. Ap. VI, 173-4 1850 Report for 1st quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 177-8 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 181 Report for 3rd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 184-5 1851 Had taken census in Barima, Waini, Barama, and Pomeroon B.C. Ap. VI, 188-9 1852 On Commissions to Indian Captains B.C. Ap. VI, 189 Recommends Tamanawarie for Commission B.C Ap. VI, 190 Recommending Indians for appointment as Captains B.C. Ap. VI, 190 1853 Report for 1st quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 192 Report for 2nd quarter B.C. Ap. VI, 192-3 Report for 3rd quarter B.C, Ap. VI, 194 211 McClintock — McCreagh.] McClintock — continued. McKie, David MackMaerae, Captain McCreagh, Major 1853 1854 1855 1856 18611868 1869 1871 1877 Letter to Government Secretary on com mittal of five Warows for murder on Upper Moruka Report for 2nd quarter On ease of control of Indians by Captains Report for 2nd quarter Report for 4th quarter On importance of Post at mouth of Moruka Report for 1st quarter Report for 2nd quarter Asks to be made Registrar as well as Superintendent On census returns from Pomeroon District Recommends appointment of further Indian Captains On use of Indian Captains, and enumerating services which they have rendered On importance of Moruka River to British On traditions and remains of Dutch build ings on Moruka Special report on Moruka, Waini and other rivers, and as to their importance to the British colony On traces of Dutch residents at Ubu (Hobo) on the Aruka Disapproves of appointment of native of B.C. Ap. VI, 216 Venezuela as Indian Captain B.C. Ap. VI, 194-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 195 B.C. Ap. VI, 197 B.C. Ap. VI, 198 B.C Ap. VI, 199 B.C. Ap. VI, 199 B.C. Ap. VI, 199-200 B.C. Ap. VI, 201 B.C. Ap. VI, 200-201 B.C.C. Ap, 307 B.C. Ap. VI, 208 B.C. Ap. VI, 210 V.C.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C. Ap.VI, 210-212 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 (193) 1826 1804 1799 1802 Reports Venezuelans endeavouring to persuade Spanish Arawaks of Moruka to return to Venezuela Reports deaths of Indian Captains Sabana and Simon, and recommends Jose Rosario Torres and Moses in their places On usefulness of Indian Captains . . Employed to pacify Indians on Massaruni River Protector of Indians Report on the Colony by Report on the Orinoco On' importance of River Orinoco, cited . . On pilot station at Barima His report said to show Spanish occupation of Lower Orinoco 3 H B.C. Ap. VI, 216 B.C. Ap.VI, 216 B.C. Ap. VI, 216 B.C. Ap. VI, 37, 38 B.C.C. Ap, 262 B.C Ap. V, 170, 186 V.C, 164 B.C.C, 108 B.C, 61 B.C. Ap. V, 173 B.C.C, 127 V.C, 18, 19 V.C, 198 V.A. II, 555-7 •212 Mclntyre— McTurk.] Mclntyre McTurk, Michael . . 1840 1884 1885 1886 1890 1891 In charge of Tapacuma Lock Acting Magistiate of Pomeroon District . . Dispatched to Amakuru Expeditions of, to Amakuru described Instructed to visit Amakuru aud there resist any claim by Manoa Co. On action of Manoas Company on right bank Amakuru Posts notices at Amakuru Said to have taken formal and forcible occu pation of the Barima Second visit to Amakuru Warns Manager Kelly of Manoa Com pany and others against infringement of British claim Prevents proposed posting of Venezuelan notices in Waini, Barima, Morawhana and Amakuru • Reports hanging by the heels of British subject in Morawhana by Wells (Vene zuelan Commissary) Instructed to proceed, with police force, to Amakuru, to deal with complaint against Wells in ordinary course Thinks arrest of Wells will deter from further molestation of British subjects within disputed area His third, fourth, and fifth visits to Amakuru Erects courthouse on Amakuru Guzman Blanco on McTurk's action on Amakuru, &c. Sent up Cuyuni to investigate Venezuelan action on Report on Venezuelan action on Upper Cuyuni Reports Venezuelans with Caribs and half- breeds at mouth of Yuruari Reports Venezuelans prospecting for gold at Simiri on Cuyuni Warns prospectors to conform to British regulations Instructed to revisit mouth of Yuruari . . Ascends Cuyuni above Uruan Warns Venezuelans on right bank of Cuyuni of British rights B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C, 73 B.C. Ap. VI, 224 B.C, 73 B.C Ap. VI, 224 V.C. Ill, 342-344 B.C Ap. VI, 226 B.C. Ap. VI, 226-8 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 229 V.A, 105 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 230-1 B.CAp. VI, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 230 B.C. Ap. VI, 232 B.C Ap. VI, 232-3 B.C Ap. VI, 233 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 233-4, 236, 238 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 ; VII, 272 B.C.C, 115 V.C. Ill, 237, 240 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 B.C, 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 248 B.C. Ap. VI, 248 B.C. Ap. VI, 248 B.C. Ap. VI, 249 B.C. Ap. VI, 252 B.C. Ap. Tl, 253 213 McTurk— Maganout Indians.! McTurk, Michael — continued, Macuro = Amakuru River q.v. Macusi Indians, The 1891 To G-eneralParaj admitting possible dispute B.C Ap. VI, 254 as to left bauk of Cuyuni, but claiming right bank 1892 1897 1765 1769 17711816 18211823 18331839 Madrid, Treaty of . . Maes, Wilhelmus, Secretary of Essequibo Maganout Indians (or Manoas) 184516991770172317241751 1754 1763 Instructed to place British Police Station opposite mouth of Uruan Issues prospecting licenses for right bankof Cuyuni near Uruan Declarations by .. .. .. . ,.„ A tribe on Savannahs of Upper Essequibo, often enslaved Recognise auth irity of Arinda Postholder Postholder's journey to Spanish intention to make friends with . . Had never failed to serve in every expedi tion of the Protector of Indians These Indians, 32 days' distance away on Upper Essequibo, reckoned, with Atorais, at more than 1,000 men attached to the Essequibo Post Their state, according to Hilhouse Missionary Armstrong determines visits . . From Siparuni ; appeal against Postholder of Seba British tendencies of; invite formation of British Mission at Pirara Youd's report on mission work among, on Rupununi March 20. Recognition of Venezuela by Spain Married, at Kijkoveral, November 1st, to Elizabeth Tournaelje Died April 21 A tribe on Upper Essequibo Boats sent to watch Slaughter Caribs and Akawois (on Esse quibo) and seize fields Reported to be attacking other indians on Upper Essequibo Reported assistance to Portuguese, by way of Rio Negro, against Spaniards Dissatisfied with Portuguese ; propose to make treaty with Dutch Message of welcome to, from Director General B.C. Ap. VI, 255 B.C Ap. VI, 258 B.C. Ap. VII, 233-4, 240 B.C.C Ap., 401 V.A, 157 B.C, 9 B.C Ap. VI, 13, 19, 226 B.C. Ap. Ill, 120 B.CAp. IV, 17 B.C Ap. IV, 98 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap.VI, 19, 226 B.C. Ap. VI, 27 B.C. Ap. VI, 50 B.CC. Ap, 286 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VI, 64-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 129 V.A, 5, ii, xi, xxxiii, xxxiv B.C.C. Ap, 63 B.C.C. Ap, 97 B.C, 9 B.C Ap. I, 253 B.C, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 2 B.C. Ap. II, 71 B.C. Ap. II, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 222-3 B.C, Ap. II, 223 214 Maganout Indians— Mamo.J Maganout Indians — contd. 1763 1764 Mahaica , . Mahaicony Post Mahlmann 1850 1699 1-1700 1700 1701 -2 1701 -3 1703 -4 1763 1847 Maho River (or Mahu) = Ireng River, q.v. Maine, Charles Maillard, Jeau Pierre Maintenance of the peace Maiongong Indians Makanga Island Maldonado (Juan). See under Baknuevo Maldonado, Don Diego Car- raaquilia Mallet-Prevost Mamo 1765 1767 1748 1755 1842 1853 1865 18C8 18971638 18961739 Opposed by Caribs Estranged from Dutch Postholder ordered to conciliate Condition of . . Francois Kinjaer, Postholder ; trade in dye, &c, from Provisions from Joost Gerritsen Pik, Postholder " Outlier in " Pieter de la Riviere, from Curacoa, Postholder Director-General reports on Map by. after Schomburgk's 3rd MS. Map Schomburgk line on . . Assistant Postholder at Moruka . . ' . . Postholder at Moruka . . . . ¦ . . Robs and deserts the Post Warow Indians report to Director-General that they had killed the deserter Summoned before Court of Justice for offence against Indian in Moruka Before Court of Justice on charge of murder in Upper Essequibo By Dutch, Venezuelan criticism of . Arrive at Pirara, from beyond Cassiquiare, to trade Some resident, on Upper Waini Come in from Upper Cuyuni to Waramuri Mission One recommended as Captain by McClintock On Cuj'uni River, between Ekereku and Curumu ; McTurk on Supervises relief sent from N. Kingdom of Guayana to relief of S. Thome On cartographical testimony Mentioned as Ppanish Mission destroyed by Caribs before this date (= Miamo?) B.C., 98 B.C. Ap. II, 222-3 B.C. Ap. Ill, 108 B.C. Ap. Ill, 113 V.C, 177 B.C.C. Ap. 49, 57, 92, 105. 133 B.C, Ap. I, 2 1 9 B.C. Ap. VII, 152 '* B.CAp. VII, 152,153 V.C. II, 67, 70 B.C. Ap.VII, 153, 154 B.C. Ap. II, 227 VC. II, 154 B.C, 143 B.C. Atlas. 40 B.C. Ap. VII, 376-7 V.C. Atlas, 87 B.C, 144 B.C. Ap. VII, 165 B.C. Ap. VII, 166 B.C. Ap. II B.C, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 156 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 104-5 V.C.C, 94 V.C.C, 89 B.C. Ap. VII, 40 B.C. Ap. VI, 193 B.C.C. Ap, 308 B.C. Ap. VI, 209 B.C. Ap. VII, 228, 234 B.CC. Ap, 12 V.C.C. II, 367-311 B.C.C Ap, 182, 186 215 Manarawan— Manoa Company.] Manarawan . Manari Creek (Barima) . Manari Village — on Manari Creek, Barima 1810 1811 1812 1816 1820 1840 1841 1852 1841 1844 Manawariu Creek. . Manibari Hill, one of the Yarakita Hills, q.v. Manoa Co, of New York . . 1884 (193) Indian chief appears before the Court of Policy and treats with Court of Policy repays expenses incurred for entertainment of Second visit of Court of Policy again repays expenses incurred for Complains of the quality of presents given to him, and receives additional Tributary of Koriabo Creek Visited officially by Superintendent King. . Schomburgk on Murder of Indian by Indian at, reported by Superintendent McClintock Of Akawois ; path thence to Barama and Cuyuni Position of, as determined by Schomburgk Schomburgk on, as a tributary of the Moruka Fitzgerald has made over his concession to Apparently included original concessions to Fitzgerald and H. Gordon Concession actuilly only " to limit of British Guiana" Claims to Pomeroon, but admits that in 18''0 Amakuru was boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela B.C., 104-5, 113 B.C. Ap. V, 194-5 B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. V, 197 B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. V, 199, 200-1 B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 4 B.C, 105 B.C Ap. VI, 16 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 22 B.C. Ap. VI, 189-90 B.C. Ap. VII, 22 B.C. Ap. VII, 24 B.C. Ap. VII, 60 B.C Ap. VI, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C Ap. VI, 230 B.C Ap. VI, 220, 231 Map of, showing delta of Orinoco and as B.C. Ap. VI, 222, 236 far as Pomeroon, granted to Report on land subjected to Extent of concession claimed to Moruka River Called a shadowy affair by Colonel Mans field B.C. Ap. VI, 220 3.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C. Ap. VI, 224 V.A, 101 Special Magistrate McTurk instructed by (B.C. Ap. VI, 226 Governor of British Guiana to visit Amakuru and there resist claim of Manoa Co. Manoa Company serves notices of claim B.C. Ap. VI, 225-fi west of Amakuru River On right bank of Amakuru. . Notices by, not acts of Venezuelan Government Letter on, by Fitzgerald to Governor p.C Ap. VI, 228 Irving Proposes to erect saw mills in Amakuru, p.C. Ap. VI, 227, 230 Barima, and Aruka Warned by British Governor against action B.C. Ap VI, 229 west of Amakuru 3 I B.C. Ap. VI, 220-8 V.A, 101 216 Manoa Company — Mansfield.] Manoa Company — contd. 1884 18«5 Manoas Indians = Maga- nouts, q.v. Manuel, Lorenco Manoel, Pero,Jndian of Hon- obo Mansfield, C E., Colonel 1886 1893 1637 1839 1884 Governor Young asks Secretary of State for instructious as to Manager Kelly warned by McTurk against infringement of British Claim Venezuela requested by British Govern ment to stop aggressions in connection with Manoa Company west of Amakuru Capital of " Federal Territory of Orinoco " to be af Corucima (Map) Steamer of the Company approaches Ama kuru, but turns back on hearing of British action The Manoa Company said to propose to sue Venezuelan Government for damages Kelly again visits Barima and posts notices Kelly to McTurk, letter of defiance Claim to Moruka, and to have been installed by Venezuelan Government Renewed proposal to put saw mills on Barima and Amakuru Attempts to make inhabitants of Barima and Waiui take out transports for their land Reported extinction of the Manoa Company Interest of the Company proposed to be transferred to an English Company Lord Rosebery on encroachments by the Manoa Company S. Michelenas' denial of encroachment by B.C. Ap. VI, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 231 B.C Ap. VI, 232 B.C, 73 B.C Ap. VI, 223, 231 B.C. Ap. VI, 222 B.C. Ap. VI, 233 Declaration of Charged by other Indians of Honobo of wife murder before Superintendent Arrest of, at Honobo (Barima) Returned by Superintendent Crichton to Honobo Trial of, discussed Charge d'Affaires, reports to Secretary of State the concession by Venezuelan Government to Herbert G ordon His letter cited to show Venezuelan con cessions did not infringe " Arrangement of 1850" He reports formation of federal territory of Delta of Orinoco B.C. Ap VI, 233 B.C. Ap. VI, 234 B.C. Ap. VI, 235 B.C. Ap. VI, 235 B.C. Ap. VI, 235 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 B.C. Ap. VII, 143 B.C. Ap. VII, 145 B.C, Ap. I, 93 B.C Ap. VI, 71 B.C. 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 71 B.C. Ap. VI, 78-81 V.A. II, 679, 709-10 B.C. Ap. VI, 223 V.A, 100 B.C. Ap. VI, 223 Instructed to warn both Venezuelan i B.C. Ap. VI, 223 Government and Herbert Gordon of the British claims on Cuyuni Forwards map, by Fitzgerald of Manoa Company, in which Venezuelan boundary is pushed to Moruka B.C. Ap. VI, 223 217 Mansfield — Maps.] Mansfield — continued. Manuyare Maopityan Indians (or Frog) Maps 1884 1788 1843 1597 1626 16481674170317241756 1772 Reports Fitzgerald's concession made ovei to Manoa Company of iNew York Instructed to warn Fitzgerald of British claims within territory concession of which is pretended Warns Venezuelan Government of British claims within territory said to have been conceded to Gordon and Fitzgerald Warns President of Manoa Co. of British claims Carib Chief employed as watchman for the Dutch on the Cuyuni ; seized by de la Puente on the Cuyuni At sources of Essequibo ; visited by Schomburgk Special Maps prepared for Arbitration Commission : — British Guiana. Geographical Two sheets Ditto; Savannah and Forest Areas and River-basins Ditto ; Geological map Ditto ; showing boundaries to illustrate diplomatic correspondence Ditto ; boundaries claimed or proposed . . Ditto ; showing boundaries between British Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil as claimed by Venezuela and Great Britain Spanish and Venezuelan Maps ; boundary shown by French, Dutch,and English Maps; Boundary shown by Maps illustrating European occupation of Guiana at various periods : — Burr on Maps showing occupation European occupation in 1597 European occupation in B.C Ap. VI, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 224 B.C Ap. VI, 224 B.C. Ap. VI, 224 B.C. Ap. V, 101, 106 V.C, 152 n V.C. II, 4ti5 B.C. Ap. VII, 54 B.C. Atlas, p. 1-2 B.C. Atlas, p 3 V.C. Atlas, 4 B.C. Atlas, p. 4 V.C. Atlas, p. 1 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 1 B.C, 136-7 B.C, 138 V.C.C. II, 211-229 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 22 V.C.C. II, 212-15 VCC. Atlas, p. 23 V.C.C. II, 215 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 24 V.C.C. II, 215 V.C.C. Alien, p. 25 V.CC II, 21 o V.C.C. Atlas, p. 26 V.CC II, 216-7 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 27 V.CC II, 217-8 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 28 V.C.C. II, 218-23 V.C.C Atlas, p. 29 V.C.C. II, 223-5 Maps.] 218 Maps — continued. 1796 1803 11597- 1803 (11814) PL5 — ? 1534 1538 1566 1587 1595 (?) 15981598 (?) 1599 L621* 1625 162616301635 (1630?) 1640 (1814) General view of European occupation, 1597-1803 (1814) Of Strickland, Burr on maps by . . Chronological List, (See also e&ch map maker's name in general alphabetical arrangement) Anonymous. Early Spanish Map of Guiana [Interna] evidence as to date of] Martyr. Map of America Mercator. Map of the world . . Orontius Finseus. Map of the world Martyr. Map of the New World. . Ortelius. Map of America. . Raleigh. Chart of Guiana. . VanPetten. The Gulf of Paria .. Van Petten. Cayenne Burr, on maps by . . Hondius, Jodocus. Nieuwe Caerte van het landt Guiana De Bry. Map of Guiana * Hulsius, L. Nova et exacta deliueatio B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 Americas partis australis Jacobsz, A. West-Indische Paskaert De Laet, Joannes. Gvaiana, ofte de Pro- vincien tusschen Rio do las Amazonas en de Rio Yviapari, ofte Orinoqve Speed. Map of America . . De Laet. Map of Guiana . [Burr on] Blaeuw, WTilliam. Map of Guiana [Mallet-Prevcst on] Blaeuw, Guiljelmus. Gviana siue Ama- zonvm Regio [Mallet-Prevost on] V.C.C. Atlas, p. 30 V.C.C. II, 225-6 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 31 V.C.C. II, 226-7 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 32 V.C.C. II, 227-9 V.C.C. II, 263-265 V.C.Atlas, p. 76 B.C., 30-1 V.C. Atlas, p. 18 V.C.C. II, 270 V.C. Atlas, p. 16 V.C.C. II, 270 V.C. Atlas, p. 17 V.C.C. II. 270 V.C. Atlas, p. 19 V.C.C. II, 270 V.C. Atlas, p. 20 V.C.C. II, 271 V.C. Atlas, p. 21 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 V.C. Atlas, p. 58 V.C. Atlas, p. 57 V.C.C II, 231 V.C. Atlas, p. 5 B.C. Ap.VII, 340-1 V.C. Atlas, p. 23 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 B.C. Ap. VII, 3-S0-1 B.C. Atlas, p. 6 [Burr on] V.C.C II, 233 B.C. Ap. VII, 342-3 .. V.C. Atlas, p. 22 B.C. Ap. VII, 342-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 24 3.0. Ap. Vii, 342-3 "V.C. Atlas, p. 25 V.C.C. II, 273 B.C. Ap. VII, 342-3 B.C. Atlas, p. 7 V.C.Atlas, p. 27 V.CC II, 274 'Wot reproduced. Maps.] 219 Maps — continued. 1647 No date 1650 1654 1656 1667 1675 16901700 1703 j 1706 1722 1732 1733 Jausson, Joannes. Gviana, siue Amazonvm Regio Blaeuw. Map of Guiana Sanson. Part of his map of South A merica Du Val d' Abbeville, Pierre. La Gvaiane, on Coste Sauuage, autremeut El Dorado et Pais des Amazoues Sanson d'Abbeville, Nicholas. Partie de Terre Ferme, ou sont Gviaue et Caribane Blaeuw, John. Map of Guiana [Mallet-Prevost on] •Roggeveen ; charts by, founded on data furnished by Cornells Goliat. Visscher, Nicholas. Insulse Americanse .. Delisle. Part of his map of South America [Mallet-Prevost on] Delisle. Part of northern portion of South America Maas. Abraham. Map of the Essequibo Colony [Burr on] Delisle, Guillaume. Carte d'Amerique [Mallet-Prevost on] Sucre, Part of Guiana Popple, Henry. The British Empire in America [Mallet-Prevost onj Popple, Part of the above enlarged [Mallet-Prevost on] Popple. Map of Surinam 1735? 1740 1741 1747 Anonymous. Capuchin Missions of Guayana Buache, Philippe. Carte d'une partie de l'Amerique pour la Navigation des Isles et du Golf du Mexique Gumilla, Padre Joseph. Mapa de la Provincia y Missiones de la Oompafiia de I.H.S. del Nuevo Reyno de Granada Lara, Gaspar de. Map of a portion of the Lower Orinoco aud Mission Region D'Anville, Jean Baptiste. Amerique Meridionale B.C. Atlas, p. 8 B.C Ap. VII, 344-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 28 V.CC II, 275 V.C. Atlas, p. 29 V.CC II, 276 B.C Ap. VII, 244-5 B.C. Atlas, p. 9 B.C, 138 B.C. Ap. VII, 244-5 B.C. Atl«s, p. 10 V.C. Atlas, p. 30 B.C Ap. VII, 244-5 V.C.C. II, 277 V.C. Atlas, p. 26 V.C.C II. 273 B.C Ap.VII, 346-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 246-7 V.C.C II 234 B.C. Atlas, p. 11 B.C Ap. VII, 248-9 V.C. Atlas, p. 36 V.C.C II, 285-290,293 V.C. Atlas, p. 37 B.C Ap. VII, 248 V.C.C. II, 285-90, 93 V.C. Atlas, p. 59 V.C, 97 V.C.C II, 234 V.A, 398 B.C. Atlas, p. 12 B.CAp. VII, 350-1 V.C. Atlas [extract] p. 38 V.CC II, 285-290, 293 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 2 B.C. Atlas, p. 13 B.C Ap. VII, 350-1 V.C. Atlas, p. 34 V.C.C II, 282, 284 V.C. Atlas, p. 35 V.CC. II, 282, 284 V.C. Atlas, p. 33 V.C.C. II, 283 V. C. A tlas, p. 72 B.C. Atlas, p. 14 B.C. Ap. VII, 350-1 B.C. Atlas, p. 15 V.C. Atlas, p. 56 B.C. Ap. VII, 352, 3 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 3 B.C. Atlas, p. 16 V.C. Atlas, p. 39 B.C. Ap. VII, 352-3 V.C.C. II, 291 (193) * Not reproduced. 3 K Maps.] 220 Maps — continued. 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1760 1761 (?) 1761 1763 4767 ! (?) 11770 ,'(?) 1776 1770 1771 D' Anville, Part of preceding [Burr on Dutch use of] [Mallet-Prevost on] Storm van s'Gravesande, Laurens. Caart van de Volkplantiuge in Esseqebo en Demerary Storm van s'Gravesande, Laurens. Lists of plantations and owners (from above map) Storm van s'Gravesande, Laurens. Nievwe Caart van Essequebo en Demerary Ditto. Rios Essequebo et Demerary Burr on maps by Gravesande Vaugondy, Robert de Didier. Amerique Meridionale [Mallet-Prevost on] Cigri, Julius Caasar (Jesuit map). Provincia Quitensis Societatis Jesu in America D'Anville, Jean Baptiste. Amerique Meridionale D'Anville. Part of preceding map as inset in van Bercheyck's map V.C. Atlas, p. 40 V.C.C. II, 238-41 V.C.C II, 291 B.C. Atlas, p. 17 V.C. Atlas, p. 60 B.C, 36 B.C Ap. VII, 352-3 V.C II, 100 B.C. Atlas, p. 18 Diguja ; extract from his map of the Government of Cumana Authorship of map attached to Diguja's report ascribed to Juan Aparicio Belliti. Map of Guiana Delamarche. Part of his map of South America Heneman. Sketch map of the boundary between Spanish and Dutch Guiana [Burr] Hartsinck, Jan Jacob. Caarte van Guiana Centurion, Don Manuel. Piano General de la Provincia de Guaiana Another map by Centurion said to be in possession of Venezuela B.C. Atlas, p. 19 B.C. Ap. VII, 352-3 B.C. Atlas, p. 20 B.C. Ap. VII, 354-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 61 V.CC. II, 236-238 B.C. Atlas, p. 21 B.C. Ap. VII, 354-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 31 V.C.C. II, 281-2 B.C. Atlas, p. 22' B.C. Ap. VII, 354-5 B.C. Atlas, p. 23 B.C. Ap. VII, 354-7 V.C. Atlas, 62 B.C. Ap. VI, 356-7 B.C. Ap. Ill, 2, 4 B.C.C. Atlas, p. 1 B.C. Ap. II, 210 V.C. II, 347 V.C. Atlas, p. 52 V.C.C. II, 309-10 V.C. Atlas, p. 32 V.C.C. II, 282, 310 V.C. Atlas, 65 B.C.C. Atlas, p. 2 B.C.C, 96 V.CC. U, 242-50 V.A. II, LXV-LXVIII B.C. Atlas, p. 25 B.C. Ap. VI J, 358-9 V. C. A tlas, p. 54 V.C.C II, 310 B.C. Atlas, p. 24 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 4 B.C. Ap. IV, 81 ; VII, 358-9 V.A. II, LVI V.A. If, XXIII Bonne, R. Carte de la Terre Ferme de la '.B.C. Atlas, p. 26 Guyane et du Pays des Amazones B.C. Ap. VII, 358-9 Fr. Carlos de Barcelona. Capuchin Missions of Guayana 1772 ; Heneman. The mouth of the Cuyuni V.C. Atlas, p. 73 B.C. Ap. IV, 101, 102 V.C. Atlas, p. 63 B.C. Ap. VII, 360-1 Maps.] 221 Maps — aon'inued. 1775 Heneman. Essequibo and Demerara V.C. Atlas, 64 B.C. Ap. VII, 362-3 1776 1777 1778 1779 1779 (?) 1779 1780 (?) 1781 1783 1791 1792 1794 Jefferys. Part of his chart of the Guiani V.C. Atlas, p. 41 Coast [Mallet-Prevost on Maps by] Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, Juan de la. Mapa Geografico de America Meridional Valdes, Juan Flores, Manuel Antonio. Spamsh Guayana ; from copy of au unpublished manuscript in Archives at Seville Surville, Luis de. Mapa Coro-grafico de la Nueva Andulucia, Provincias de Cumana, y Guyana, &c. Inciarte. Sketch map, from Amakuru to Pomeroon Fr. Carlos de Barcelona. Capuchin Mission of Guayana Siraut- Destouches. Essequibo Siraut-Destouches. Essequibo Jefferys. Part of his chart of the Guiana Coast Bonne. Map of South America . . Rochette, L. S. de la (or Thompsou, Edward). Part of his chart of the coast of Guyana from the Oroonoko to the River of Amazons, &c. 1789? Anonymous. Capuchin Mission of Guayana 1790 1795 Janvier, Jean. L'Amerique, divisee en ses principaux Etats Chollet. Coast recrion of the Essequibo Colony (perhaps of earlier date) Jefferys. Part of northern coast of South America Chollet. The Pomeroon coast region Laurie and Whittle. Map of South America, containing Tierra Firma, Guayana, &c. Laurie and Whittle. New Map of the whole Continent of America Russell. Part of his Map of South America Jefferys. Part of his Chart of the Guiana Coast 1796 | Gussefeldt. Part of his Map of America V.C.C. II, 296, 297 B.C Ap. VII, 362-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 27 B.C Ap. VII, 360-1 V.C. Atlas, p. 50 V.CC. II, 262, 299, 307-9 B.C. Atlas, p. 28 B.C, 138 B.A, 31 V.C. Atlas, p. 77 B.C. Atlas, p. 29 B.C. Ap. VII, 362-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 71 B.C.C. Atlas, p. 3. B.C.C. Ap.. 254 V. A. II, LXIX V.C. Atlas, p. 74 V.C. Atlas, p. 66 V.C.C II, 251, 295 V.C. Atlas, p. 67, 295 V.C. Atlas, p. 42 V.C.C. II, 297 V.C. Atlas, p. 51 V.C.C. II, 309 B.C. Atlas, p. 30 B.C Ap. VII, 362-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 43 V.C.C. II, 251, 252, 295 V.C. Atlas, p. 75 B.C. Atlas, p. 31 B.C Ap. VII, 364-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 68 V.C. Atlas, p. 44 V.CC II, 297 V.C. Atlas, p. 69 V.CC. II, 252, 254 B.C. Atlas, p. 32 B.C. Ap. VII, 364-5 B.C.Atlas, p. 33 B.C. Ap. VII, 366-7 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 5 B.C Ap. VII, 366 V.C. At las, p. 45 V.CC II, 297 V.C. Atlas, p. 53 V.CC II, 309-310 Maps. 222 Maps — continued 1796 1798 1802 18031805 1806 1811 1823 1825 1825?18271828 18291830 1834 1838 1839 Requena, Don Fr. Burr on Map by Bouchenroeder. Essequibo and Demerara Bouchenroeder, F. von. Carte generale et particuliere de la Colonie d'Essequebe et Demerarie [with inset] [Burr on] [Mallet-Prevost on] Walker, Captain Thomas. Chart of the Coast of Guyana Commandant Hislop. Chart of Guyana, &c. Poirson, J. B. French and Dutch Guiana after maps of Buache and Mentelle Mannert. Part of his map of S. America . . De Pons (J. B. Poirson ?). Map of Captain- Geueralcy of Caracas Mentelle and Chantaire. French and Dutch Guiana Pinkerton, J. Part of his map of South America Delarochette. Part of his map of South America Vivien, L. South America Anonymous. Tracing by Sir R. K. Porter V.C.C. II, 263 B.C. Ap. VII, 366-7. V.C. Atlas, p. 70 B.C. A ths, p. 35 B.C. Ap. Vii, 366-7 V.C. Atlas, p. 46 V.C.C. II, 297-8 V.CC. II, 254-258 V.CC. II, 297-299 B.C. Atla°, p. 34 B.C. Ap. VII, 366-7 B.C. At'as, p. 36 B.C. Ap. VII, 368-9 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 368-9 V.C. Atlas, p. 55 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 7 B.C. Ap. VII, 368-9 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 8 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 9 Brne, A. II. Part of his map of South America Restrepo, J. M. Department of the Orinoco B. D'Urban. Settlements in British Guiana, from Parliamentary papers, 1828, vol. 23 Weimar Geographic Institute Lapie, P. Columbia and the Guianas Wyld. James. Part of his map of South America Bauza, Felipe. Part of his map of Colombia (cf. Entry of Edition for 1841) Arrowsmith, John. Colombia [Curumu, Post on] Hadfield, J. British Guiana (from Parlia mentary Papers, 1839, vol. 35) Duvotenay, T. Colombia and Guiana Schomburgk, Sir Robert Herman. Sketch Map of British Guiana (published 1840) V.C.C. Atlas, p. 10 B.C. Ap. VII, 370-1 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 11 B.C.C. Atlas, p. 4 B.C.C, 100 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 12 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 13 V.C. Atlas, p. 78 B.C Ap. VI, 39 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 14 V.CC. Atk^p. 15 B.C. Ap. VII, 372-3 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 16 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 17 B.C. Atlas, p. 37 B.C. Ap. VII, 372-3 V.C. Atlas, p. 47 B.C.C, 100 V.C. Atlas, p. 79 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 18 B.C. At'a°,p. 43 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 82 B.C, 141 Maps.] 223 M.a,ips,^-continued. 1840 1841 1841 -4 1841 1842 (193) 1844 1846 1847 1850 Schomburgk, R. H. British Guiana, from his " Description of British Guiana " Codazzi. Map of the Republic of Colombia Ditto. Physical Map of Venezuela Ditto. Canton of Upata in Guayana. (The three previous maps from, his Atlas of Venezuela, Caracas, 1840) Of, Codazzi. Schomburgk on inaccuracy of Inaccuracy of, as regards R. Uruan and Spanish Arission sites on Of Codazzi. Curumu Post shown on Arrowsmith. Part of his map of South America Bauza, Felipe (cf. Entry of Edition for 1830) Curumu Post shown on Three MSS, by Schomburgk Schomburgk, Sir Robert Herman. First map of the limits of British Guiana ; two sheets Ditto. Second map of the limits between British Guiana and Venezuela Ditto. Chart of entrance to the River Barima Ditto. Chart of entrance to the River Waiui or Guaiuia Ditto. Part of Guiana, from Journal Royal Geographical Society, London, 1842, Vol. 12 Ditto. Karte von Guyana, from his "Reisen in Guiana und am Orinoco," Leipzig, 1841 Hebert, L. J. Map of British Guiana ; two sheets (based on Schomburgk's 1st, 2nd, and 3rd maps) [Showing Schomburgk line] [Showing Curumo Post] Schomburgk, Sir Robert Herman. Sketch map of the River Takutu Ditto. Third map (Physical Features) ; two sheets, completed and transmitted to Secretary of State Mahlman, H. (for Richard Schomburgk). Karte von Britisch-Guyana (after Robert Schomburgk's 3rd map, but with boundary from sketch map of 1839) Mundungsland des Essequibo-Demerara und Berbice, l!->47 ; from Schomburgk (R.) Reisen in Britisch Guiana, Leipzig, 1847, vol. I, p. 85 West India Islands, &c, showing light houses, from Parliamentary papers, 1850, vol. 53 (sometimes bound up in vol. 55) 3 L V.C. Atlas, p. S3 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 20 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 19 V.C. Atlas, p. 80 B.C. Ap. VII. 37 B.C Ap. VI, 182 B.C.C, 99 V.V. Atlas, p. 48 B.C Ap. Vii, 374-5 B.C.C Atlas, p. 5 V.A. II, LXX1I B.C.C, 100 B.C, 141, 142 B.C. Atlas, pp. 44, 45 B.C Ap. VII, 374-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 34 B.C. Aths,p. 46 B.C Ap. VII, 374-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 34 B.C. Atlas, p. 49 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 B.C. Atlas, p. 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 374-5 V.C. Atlas, p. 85 V.C. Atlas, p. 84 B.C. Atlas, p. 38, 39 B.C, 142 B.C. Ap. VII, 376-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 137-8 B.CC,, 99 B.C. Atlas, p. 51 B.C. Ap. VII, 47, 376-7 B.C. Atlas, pp. 47, 48 B.C. Ap.VII, 57, 59, 376-7 B.C. Atlas, p. 40 B.C, 143-4 B.C Ap. VII, 376-7 V.C. Atlas, p. 87 V.C. Atlis,86 V.C. Atlas, p. 81 Maps— Marmion.] 224 Maps — continued. 1854 1867 Mapissanoe Indians = Wapiana Maranon= Amazon River. Marchal, Pieter Frijlink. Part of his map of South America Schomburgk, R. II. British Guiana, from Exposition Universelle de Paris, 1867. Catalogue des Produits Exposes par la Guyane Anglaise ; London, 1867 1875 , Stanford, Edward. Map of British Guiana Schomburgk, R. H. Part of British Guiana from Great Colonial Map, by E. Stanford, London. First edition (left page). Same, second edition, No. 49 repeated (right page) Barrington Brown and Sawkins, from " Geological Report " after Schomburgk's 3rd MS, but with boundary from Schom burgk's Sketch Map of 1839 Barrington Brown. British Guiana ; from his " Canoe and Camp Life in British Guiana," London, 1876 Map of concession to Fitzgerald Stanford, Edward. Map of British Guiana. Re-issue of the edition of 1875 British Guiana, from Colonial List, March, 1886 British Guiana, from Colonial List, Decem ber, 1886 Perkins, H. I. British Guiana ; from his notes on British Guiana and its gold industry. London, 1895 Hohenkerk; Chart of Mouth of Waini River 1876 18841886 1895 1897 Mare Liberum Mariaba on Moruka River St. Rosa Markbam, Sir Clements Marmion, Dou Governor of Guayana Miguel, 1750 1755 1834 18401871 1876 V.C.C. Atlas, p. 21 VC Atlas, p. 89 B.C. Atlas, p. 41 B.C. Ap. Vll, 378-9 V.C. Atlas, p. 88 V.C. Atlas, p. 49 B.C, 143, 144 B.C, 143, 144 V.C, 26 Caribs of Massaruni complain to Court of Justice of ill-treatment by Accused of inciting Caribs to kill Akawois and so causing Akawoi revolt in Massaruni Plantation attacked by Akawois Venezuelan criticism of case of Of H. Grotius Settlement of Spanish Arawaks Site of S. Rosa Mission (See under Missions, British.) Remains of Dutch buildings at On the Schomburgk maps . . V.C. Atlas, p. 90 B.C. Ap. VI, 222 B.C. At las, p. 42 V.C. Atlas, p. 49 V.C. Atlas, p. 86 V.C. Atlas, p. 86 V.C. Atlas, p. 91 B.C.C. Atlas, p. 6 1787 Letter of Mataro to, proposing strong I house at junction of Cuyuui with Yuruari, to prevent Dutch from entry to Savannah B.C. Ap II, 64 BC Ap. 11,120, 123-127 B.C. Ap. II, 120 V.C, 133 V.C.C, 95 B.C.C, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C Ap. VI, 93 B.CAp. VI, 211 V.C, 191 V.C. Ill, 407 B.C, 58 B.C Ap. V, 85 225 Marmion.] Marmion — contin ued. ? ? ? 1788 !789 1790 1791 Report on the new settlement of Sacopana. (3,000 Indians, with one Spaniard to rule over them.) Refers question of Tumeremo to Intendant- General of Caracas Letter to Prefect of Missions on founding of Tumeremo Reply of San Celonio (Prefect of Missions) on founding of Tumeremo On defencelessness of Guayana Report on Guiana by Accuracy of British version of this report challenged His view of an effective boundary. . Proposed settlement, by, at Curacima Proposal to abandon south bank of Orinoco below Curacima [Proposal denied] Records Dutch outpost 25 leagues up Cuyuni Proposes Spanish frontier settlement Statement as to the Dutch traversing the Cuyuni, despite the " falls " Proposes a villa of Spaniards on tbe banks of the Cuyuni nearly at its point of union with the Supamo Note added in 1793 states new town begun nearly at junction of Cuyuni with " Orinoco " [Error in British version of this note] Letter to Gil, Captain-General of Caracas, on foundiug of Tumeremo Letter of, to Prefect of the Missions (San Celonio) Warns the Prefect to draw in the escorts. . On the danger of the advance of the Missions Reply of San Celonio to Marmion Proposes Spanish settlement on the Curumo On proposed settlement on the Curumo . . On escort for proposed settlement on the Curumo Said to disapprove of the founding of Tumeremo V.C.C. Ill, 148 B.C. Ap. V, 87 B.C. Ap. V, 87 V.C. II, 447 B.C. Ap. V, 93 V.C. II, 459 B.C. Ap. V, 51 B.C. Ap. V, 52-67 B.C.C, 98 V.C.C. II, 108 B.A, 17 V.A. II, L-LV B.C, 16 V.C.C. Ill, 134 B.C, 16 V.C.C, 29 B.C, 52 B.C. Ap. V, 53 B.C.C, 98 B.C, 58 B.C. Ap. V, 52 V.C. Ill, 133 B.C. Ap. V, 53-4 B.C. Ap. V, 63 B.C. Ap. V, 63 V.C. Ill, 400 B.C. Ap. V, 99 V.C. II, 457 . B.C, 60 B.C. Ap. V, 106-7 B.C. Ap. V, 106 B.C. Ap. V, 107 B.C., 60 B.C. Ap, V, 107 B.C Ap. V, 111 V.C. II, 469 B.C. Ap. V, 114 V.C. II, 471 B.C Ap. V, 116 V.C II, 472 V.C.C. Ill, 159 Marmion— Massaruni River.] 226 Marmion— contin ued. 1793 Advocates Fort on the Cuyuni B.C. Ap.V, 135 Report as evidence that Fort had not been commenced B.C, 61 B.C. Ap. V, 135 Note on commencement of Spanish Cuyun Post B.C. Ap. V, 63 B.C.C, 99 V.C. Ill, 400 Facsimile of footnote to report of 1788 . . V.CC III, 146 Papers on the defence of the Orinoco B.C. Ap. V, 140 1797 Map by, referred to by Governor of Caracas in its bearing on the boundary B.C., 62 B.C. Ap. V, 165-6 Marryat v. Wilson Quoted on the interpretation of treaties . . V.A, 287 Marshall, C.J Judgment in Johnson v. Mcintosh V.A , 186 Martens, do On watercourses as natural boundaries . . V.A, 169 Definition of adverse holding by . . V.A, 353 Martinique 1749 Proclamation by Governor of V.C. I, 101 Martyn, Pierre 1767 (8) Postholder at Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VII, 166, 177 B.C, 88 Postholder at Mahaicony B.C. Ap. VII, 166-7 1770 -1 Grant of land to, near Capoey B.C. Ap. VII, 204-5 B.C.C. Ap, 377 1841 Indian tradition of Postholder " Palmsteen" (= Pierre Martyn ?) still surviving B.C. Ap. VII, 29 Martyr 1534 M ap of America V.C. Atlas, 18 V.C.C. II, 270 1587 Map of the New World V.C.Atlas, 19 V.CC. II, 270 Maruanta, outskirts of City of Guayana 1769 Missions at . . V.CC. Ill, 81 Maruiwa Creek = Whom- anna Creek, q.v. Masham, Thomas Massaruni Post. See under Essequibo Post (Lower). 1597 On expulsion of Spaniards recently in Essequibo V.C, 42 V.A. II, 410 Massaruni River Branch of the Essequibo . . B.C. Atlas, I Ambiguous use of the term " up in Massa runi " V.A. II, 434 Geographical Characteristics of B.C.C. 19 Watershed of, with Cuyuni, north of Roraima B.C. Ap. VII, 50 Shut off from Cuyuni B.C.C. 19 Valley of, all forest B.C.C. 19 Only accessible by mouth B.C.C, 19 Characteristics of mouth of stated. . B.CC, 5 Historical. No trace of Spanish occupation of or presence in B.A, 40 B.C.C, 19 Massaruni River.] 227 Massaruni River — contd. Burr, on Dutch relations with Inadequacy of alleged acts of Dutch occupation in, insisted upop Lowest "falls" in, suggested as limit of Dutch Colony Fort on " Macaruni " Indians of, at war with Akawois . . Cultivation on Salting in Dye store on. . Dye stores on, alleged to be Indian Chief Carib Captain warns Dutch Govern ment of Indian war in 16994 Dutch trade in, by negro traders 1701 16371680 -3 1681 -4 1686 1699 1700 17011710 1722 17301731 1732 -6 1741 -3 1745 -61 1747 1750 Upper ; negro fisherman returns td B.C.C. Ap, 47 Kijkoveral from (193) Provisions from Instructions for defence to planters in The Company's Creoles, up in the river to salt for the Fort, bring in runaway Creoles from Maurain Saincterre reports on capabilities of Trade restricted to the Company . . This restriction approved by Zeeland Chamber Value of trade in, chiefly in slaves to Company Fragments of accounts for Company's trade in the upper river Hildebrandt prospects in, for minerals Spread of cultivation up; D. Couvreur resident in Rumoured discovery of source of, by Spanish Commandeur suggests closing Upper, on account of ill-conduct of traders 3 M V.C.C. 11,173-176 V.C.C, 32, 33 V.A. II, 402 B.C. Ap. I, 99 B.C, 85 B.C. Ap. I, 183 V.C. II, 41 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 185, 212-n B.C. Ap. I, 202 B.C, 31,81, 85 B.C. Ap. I, 202 B.A, 40 V.A. II, 414 ( B.C, 85 B.C. Ap, I, 202 B.C. Ap. I, 215 B.C.C. Ap., 51, 3. 67, 83, 91, 7, 117-8, 33, 150 B.C. Ap. I, 218 B.C. Ap. I, 223 V.C. II, 66 B.C. Ap. I, 234 B.C. Ap. I, 252 V.C. II, 79 B.A, 41 B.C, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 10, 12 B.CC. 74 B.A, 41 B.C. Ap. II, 12-3 V.C II, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 13-14 V.C. II, 83-4 B.C Ap. VII, 179 B.C. Ap. II, 31-40 V.C. II, 92-4 B.C, 36 B.C. Ap.II, 129; VII, 193, 195-6 B.C, 39 B.C Ap. II, 49 V.C. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 65 228 Massaruni River.] Massaruni River — contd. 1750 Caribs of, employed by colonists, complain to the Commandeur of not having beeD paid 1753 j Land in, transferred by C. Finet 1755 1758 1760 1763 1764 1765 1765 -6 1765 1768 1769 Marchal's plantation there attacked by Akawois Murder of Akawois in, dealt with by Dutch Court of Justice Reported presence of mission of white men in Queribura, above Tampoko, a Creole trader on the upper river, charged with murder of an Indian on the Claimed by Gravesande as branch of the Essequibo B.C. Ap. II, 64 B.C. Ap. VII, 195 B.C. Ap. II, 120-1 V.C, 133 B.C, 86, 115- B.C. Ap. II, 123, 125-7 B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 129-30 V.C. II, 122 B.C.C. Ap, 198 B.C. Ap. II, 184 V.C. II, 140 Muster of Indians from Description of, by Gravesande " Navigated and found to be without danger by the Colonist C Fiuet " Had been explored by E. Pypersberg so far that he had come to nations who had never seen white people Rumour of white man seen in Caribs of, aid Dutch in slave revolt The Company's Creole returns from up the river, as far as the Spanish Missions, with rumour of intended Spanish mission between the Cuyuni and the Massaruni Director-General reports non-appearance of Owl (Indian chief) of Tribal war in Owl of, invites Spanish Indians to assist him against the Akawois ; Spanish Indians sent away by Director-General ; Owl threatened with deportation Tribal war in, stopped by Director-General Saw mill on B.C. Ap. Ill, 105 Indians of, serve against rebel negroes Indians report that four whites with several well-armed negroes have crossed the river, supposed to be fugitive Jesuits Reported threats of raid by Spaniards in. , '' Unquestionably part of Dutch territory " ( Remonstrance) Dutch possession of denied in Spanish depositions Caribs come from Cuyuni to B.C. Ap. Ill, 109 V.C. II, 156 B.C. Ap. Ill, 109 B.C. Ap. Ill, 109, 130 B.C. Ap. Ill, 116 V.C. II, 158-9 B.C, 94, 113 B.C. Ap. Ill, 105 B.C. Ap. Ill, 121, 128, 129 V.C. II, 161 B.C. Ap III, 126 B.C. Ap III, 129 V.C. II, 160 B.C, 98 B.C. Ap. Ill, 129 B.C.C, 97 B.C, 85 B.C. Ap. Ill, 129, 131 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. VII, 199 B.C. Ap. Ill, 161 B.C. Ap. Ill, 161 ; IV, 1 B.C. Ap. IV, 1 V.C, 124, 194 B.C. Ap. IV, 29 B.C Ap. IV, 48, 51,54,58, 61, 65 V.C, 152n 229 Massaruni River.] Massaruni River — contd. 1769 Rumoured raid of Caribs from, on Cuyuni V.C. II, 189 1770 Dutch jurisdiction deuied by de la Garriga Dutch occupation of, denied by Centurion V.C. II, oil B.C. Ap. IV, 70 Dutch trade on, reported by Centurion . . Centurion complains of Dutch access to interior by B.C, 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 1778 Attendance at the Fort of Indian Chiefs from Dutch appoint Indian Captains in . . Described by Marmion B.C, 90 B.C Ap. IV, 187 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. IV, 187 B.C. Ap. V, 53 V.C.C. Ill, 113 1790 Spanish Indians arrive in, stating that they had fled from the Spaniards, and would like to remain in Massaruni B.C., 113 B.C. Ap. V, 78 • Dutch said by Puente to keep all other nations out of B.C. Ap. V, 121 1803-50 Post at junction of, with Cuyuni and Essequibo V.C. 169 1805 Post on B.C, 6S, 113 B.C. Ap. V, 188 1807 Postholder of Moruka sent up, to con ciliate the Indians B.C.C. Ap, 264 1808 Post in, to be shifted Forests on, treated as belonging to Colony V.C, 169, 170 V.C. Ap. Ill, 357 B.C. Ap. V, 191 B.A, 41 1809 Wahl, Postholder in B.C. Ap. V, 192 1810 Report of Postholder B.C. Ap. V, 194 1811 Supplies for Postholder B.C. Ap. V. 194 1812 Amounts paid to Indians for work at the Post Arawaks employed at the Post on B.C Ap. V, 199 B.C, 108 B.C. Ap. V, 198 Indians employed as labourers on. . B.C, 108 B.C. Ap.V, 192,194,198- -9 Bush commandos to be held annually in . . B.C, 106 B.C. Ap. V, 198 1813 Assistant Postholder appointed for B.C.C. Ap, 268-9 1814 Allowances for Post in B.C.C. Ap, 269 1818 Indians in, list of, for military service . . B.C., .112 B.C. Ap. VI, 11 1823 Petition of Postholder of B.C.C Ap, 270-1 1826 War among Indians of Visit of Postholder to pacify Indians Treaty of Peace between Indians of, arranged by Protector of Indians B.C.C. Ap, 274 B.C. Ap. VI, 36-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 37-8 aud 45 B.CC, 110 Massaruni River — Mataro.] 230 Massaruni River — contd. Mataro, Fray Thomas de 1826 1830 1831 1833 1839 1840 1841 1849 -50 18631887 18911897 1787 Protracted expedition up, by William Bishop and others Hilhouse warned off Crown lands on Hilhouse's exploration of, and report on (quoted from R. Geogr. Soc. Journal, 1834) Mr. Armstrong visits, .as Missionary to Indians Post of, situated ten miles up from mouth Pos' holder Richardson arrests Indian for murder of Indians in Country settled to Falls of Spanish frontier considered to be at the head of Reference to Postholdef's return of Indians in Visited by Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Establishments for timber-cutting in Thirty-one pieces of Greenheart seized, as illegally cut on, above Falls Visited by Postholder Thrice visited magisterially by Superinten dent King Census in, taken by Superintendent Officially visited by Superintendent King. . Site of old Post on, to be adopted for H.M. Penal Settlement Residents and woodcutters in Governor Barkly on remains of Dutch occupation of Akawois from, attend Pomeroon and Moruka Missions Suggested Venezuelan protest as to mining between Cuyuni and Gold industry on Census taken in McTurk on remains of Dutch occupation British jurisdiction on Present gold industry on . . Letter to Marmion on the founding of Tumeremo B.CC. Ap, 274 B.A, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 36, 38 V.C, 170 B.C. Ap. VI, 42 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 47 B.C, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 49-50 B.C Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 66, 86 B.C.C. Ap, 289, 292 B.C.C. Ap, 291 B.C. Ap. VI, 90 B.C. Ap. VI, 94-6, 101, 119 B.C.C. Ap, 289 B.C. Ap. VI. 119 B.C Ap. VI, 108, 115 B.C, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 109-11 B.C, 65 B.C Ap. VI, 108 B.C Ap. VII, 235 B.C.C. Ap, 311 V.C. Ill, 185 B.C.C, 123 B.C. Ap. VII, 321.323,328 VC HI, 172, 173 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C, 50 B.C., 58 B.C. Ap. V, 85 V.C. II, 445 B.A, 18 Mateo.] 231 Mateo, i.e., Mateo Beltran or Mateo dk Brillo. 1769 1775 1776 1781 1785 1785 -6 (193) Alleged to have been a Spanish Coastguard, not a pirate Director-General reports rumour of two Spauish privateers fitted out fur Moruka and Poujeroon to kidnap Indians TheSpanish Captain who visits Moruka Post, through the itabo, aud carries off Indians Receives and assists Truffer when sent by Court of Policy to Orinoco as envoy The Spanish privateer who seizes some negroes belonging to the English in the Essequibo River, deliberately leaving those of the Dutch untouched. It 'was doubtful whether he had a com mission Director-General sends letter to Spanish Governor claiming back the boats and slaves captured by the Spaniard Matec in the Essequibo and its coast Director General writes to Spanish Governoi that the seizure by Mateo of boats and negroes before the 28th February before the compact with the English force, and when ihe river was stil entirely under the sovereignty of the States General, could not be called other wise than a piratical act Spanish Go vernorrepliestoDirector-General as to the acts of Mateo complained of •' that the authority to pass judgment or decide as to the prizes made by the privateers of this province " did not li« with him Said to be lying in Barima, " carrying off everything without distinction " Pillaged plantation of L. M. Tobie at Oene Point The notorious Dutchman, Nicolaas Mullert, in his company Captain Ed. Thompson, Commander of the English mau-of-war in the Colony, sends an armed schooner after Mateo, who re tires to the Orinoco Hisdiaryof anexpedition insearchof negroes supposed to be living with the Indians, down the Orinoco, by the Barima, Mora whana to Waini Mouth, thence back During this expedition to Waini Mouth, before entering the Barima, meets Indians from that river, and comments on the fact that they had no permit He takes great precautions before entering the Barima, but finds no Dutch there, though he hears they had been there lately In Barima hears that there were then 3,000 Indians in that river and the Amakuru " fleeing from the severity of the Orinoco " Rumours such as that one Mateo con tinually cruised by or about the Post (Moruka), which skipper hud expressed himself more than once in a seditious way, threatening to set fire to the Post 3 N V.A. II, 550-5 B.C. Ap. IV, 42 V.C. II, 214 V.A, 549 B.C. Ap. IV, 137 V.C. II, 228 B.C. Ap. IV, 172-3 B.C Ap. IV, 215 V.C II, 236 B.C. Ap. IV, 216 V.C. II, 236 B.C. Ap. IV, 216 V.C II, 237, 239 V.C. II, 239-40 B.C. Ap. IV, 216 B.C Ap. IV, 217 B.C. Ap. IV, 218 B.C. Ap. IV, 217-8 V.C. II, 442-5 V.A, 550-3 V.C. II, 443 V.C. II, 443-4 V.C II, 443 B.C. Ap, 40-2, 45 V.C II, 242 232 Mateo — Mawakken.] Mateo — continued. Matbison, Kenneth. . 1779 1850 Matille, Abraham Luis Matto, Colonel Joao Hen riques de Maubajan River Maul, John (or Moll) Mawakken, " above Sipa runi " 1786 1758 1842 1840 1841 1756 Mateo, under the name of Matheo de Brillo, is Supervisor of the King of Spain's tobacco farm, and also " a famous Spanish privateer, who in the late war on our coasts had caused much uneasiness and harm " Sent by Marmion to Essequibo to ask return of value of a lading of tobacco, belonging to the Spanish Government, which had been seized as introduced into the Colony without passport. The request granted, in the express hope of thereby inclining the Spanish authorities toward au agree ment for mutual restoration of runaway slaves Personally interrogated by the Director- General, denies entirely that he knew anything of any kind about the rumours of Spanish threats against Moruka B.C. Ap. V, 44-5, 50 Accompanies Inciarte on his exploration p.CC Ap, 228, 241 of Moruka, Barama, &c. British Vice-Consul at Ciudad Bolivar His report of gold discoveries on the Yuruari Letter of Wilson as to rumoured British action in Barima and Cuyuni On inaccuracy of mission area as shown on Codazzi's Map Sent as companion to Spanish courier from Colony of Essequibo to Commandant of Guayana Brazilian Boundary Commissioner A name used by de la Garriga (1758) of the streams or lagoons giving access from Rupununi to the Takutu and thence to River Negro Charged with shooting at an Indian in Barima Arrest of Witnesses summoned from Barima and elsewhere in case of Indictment against Case thrown out ; on account of inadmiss- ability of Indian evidence Postholder of Arinda reports rumour of mission of white men Mission at, British denial of, criticised Burr on story of mission at B.C Ap. V, 44-5 B.C Ap. V, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 178, 181 B.C. Ap. VI, 181-2 V.C. Ill, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 156 B.C. Ap. VII, 347-9, 52 B.C Ap. II, 147 B.C, 102, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 V.A, 710 B.C. Ap. VI, 99 B.C. Ap. VI, 106-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 102 B.C. Ap. VI, 103, 108 B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 130 V.C. II, 122 B.A, 15 V.C.C, 27 V.A. II, 422 V.C.C II, 201-6 233 Mazarin— Mener Nelch.] Mazarin Mazaruni=Massaruni, q.v. Mearabakkaija (Barima) . Meejou Creek Meejou River Meers, Jan van der Meertens, A, Governor- General Mehokawaina River = Whana River, q.v. Meijer, Joseph de . . Meij, Francois de Mendoea, Jacinto de Mendoza, Don Martin de, de la Hoz y Quesada Mendoza, Don J. Moreno de, Commandant " Mener Nelch " 1646 1750 1764 1769 1730 1731 1732 1802 1763 17871701 1637 1640 1653 17621764 -5 1764 17651766 1779 Despatch to, from the French envoys to Munster Cited by Spain to Dutch (1786) . . Traces of Dutch residents at Gravesande's rumour of Spanish mission on Suggested to be Curumu, by Burr Other Indian name for Maho (or Ireng) . . Postholder's journey to (Wapiana Indians living on) Engaged as foreman of Company's planta tions in Cuyuni Prepares first sample of indigo for Com pany Placed in charge of indigo plantation in Cuyuni, with 22 slaves Extract from Journal Letter on state of Moruka Post Employed to lead Indians of Upper Esse quibo against revolted slaves Dealt with by Court of Justice for mis demeanour at Port Arinda New Secretary of Essequibo, vice Maes, deceased Declaration of, on Dutch and Carib assault, in that year, on S. Thome Pateut by King of Spain to, as Life Governor of Trinidad and of Province of Guayana in succession to Escobar Memorial of, to King of Spain, explaining his failure, in organization of Post of Guayana, as result of non-fulfilment promised loyal support Ordered to remove forts to Angostura Reports removal to Angostura Letter of, to de la Garriga Letters of, to de Guardia Succeeded by Centurion Former resident of Aruka, heard of by Inciarte V.C.C II, 9, 10 V.CC. II, 15 B.C. Ap. VII, 211, 237 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 93-4 V.CC. II, 197-9 B.C. Ap. Ill, 108 B.C. Ap. IV, 17 B.C. Ap. II, 10 B.C. Ap. II, 12 B.C. Ap. II, 15 V.C. II, 253 V.C. II, 254 B.C. Ap. II, 224, 225, 220 B.C.C. Ap, 257 B.C.C. Ap, 155 B C. Ap. I, 92 B.CC. Ap, 17-18 B.C.C, 36 B.C.C. Ap, 22-5 B.C. Ap. Ill, 1 B.CAp. Ill, 1,2, 122-4 V.C.C. Ill, 79 V.CC. Ill, 77 V.C.C. Ill, 78 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C.C. Ap, 244, 250 234 Mense — Military Organisation.] Mense Mentelle and Cbantaire Meran, Balsam of . . Mercator Meta River Meyer 1725 1803 1739 1538 » 1537 1788 1754 Miamo River Miamo, Mission of. See under Missions, Spanish. Micbelena, Senor Thomas . . Micklethwaite, J. T, Archi tect Middelburg. See under Wal- ciieren Cities. Middelburg, Nieuw. See under N. Miku, Joseph Migration of Indians to British Territory 1755 1893 Miguel, Juan (Hernandes) Military Organisation, Dutch-British 1767 1769 1785 1839 3 850 1733 1699 1700 1701 Report on Capuchin missions by . . Map by Trade in, by Dutch with Indians His Map of the World Large branch of Upper Orinoco (L.B.) Ascended by Herrera Described by Marmion A Dutchman living in Barima invited to Essequibo by Court of Policy Trib. (R.B.) Cumamo River (trib. Yuruari River) " One of the principal avenues of the Colony of Essequibo " Arrival of, in London as confidential agent of Venezuela (See under Diplomacy.) Declaration of, as to origin of structure of Fort Kijkoveral, &c. V.C.C. Ap, 23 V.C.C. Atlas, 8 B.C.C. Ap, 182 V.C. Atlas, 16 V.C.C. II, 270 B.C. Atlas, p. 1 V.C, 37 V.C.C. Ill, 118, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 95 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 106 B.C. Ap. VII, 141 V.C. Ill, 285 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 Carib Indian, Massaruni River ; declaration of Great migration of Warows fiom Spanish to Dutch area Warows driven to take refuge in Barima. . Mateo Beltran finds 3.000 Indians in Barima mi J Amakuru " fleeing from the severity of the Orinoco "' From Orinoco to Barima to avoid enforced labour Stated to have moved across the Schom burgk line to be within British territory Sent by Spanish authorities to investigate Swedish attempt on Barima Free c- lonists prepare to form themselves into a coast guard Order issued for all settlers, in the event of arrival of enemy, to repair to appointed places i Colony divided into districts for defensive purposes B.C. Ap. VII, 228 B.C, 11 B.C Ap. Ill, 144 V.C. Ap. II, 181 V.C. II, 442 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VII, 235 B.C.C. Ap, 177 B.C.C Ap, 77 B.C.C. Ap, 103 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. I, 222-224 235 Military Organisation— Mining.] Military continued. Organisation- Militia. See under Military Organisation. Mining in Dutch Area 1750 1754 18081815 18161817 18191823 1824 1703173317381739 1740 -3 1744 -0 1754 1857 1860 (193) Colony of Essequibo defendedboth by regular soldiers and by militia (Spanish official report) Court of Policy decides to revise militia regulations against expected attack by Spaniards Postholder Wahl appointed Adjutant of burgher militia Barracks built by English on Arabian coast Burgher militia organised by districts Militia, regulations for Division of Colony (to Pomeroon inclusive) for militia purposes Repairs to barracks on Essequibo coast . . Estimate of number of Indians capable of bearing arms Suggestion for raising a company of armed Indians Militia regulations for Essequibo . . A miner sent out for Company Court of Policy asks Company to send out miners to prospect Commandeur represents to Company the probable mineral wealth of Cuyuni Samples of ores from Massaruni and Cuyuni sent home by Commandeur Ore from Bonasika Creek (Lower Essequibo) sent home Gravesande proposes personally to prospect in Cuyuni and in Blue Mountains The Company considers as to sending out miners to prospect in Cuyuni Mining in Cuyuni Hildebrandt's prospectious in Massaruni and Cuyuni River Goods delivered to miners high up in Essequibo Commandeur reports return of the miuers from the open country up the Essequibo Director-General reports on silver, rumoured south of Waini, on Blauwenberg Discussions in Court of Policy New discoveries reported Account of the gold fever in British Guiana Announcement by McClintock of gold found in the Cuyuni 3 O B.C.C. Ap, 194 B.C. Ap. II, 95 B.C.C. Ap, 265 B.C. Ap. VI, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 6 V.C, 165 V.C III, 63 B.C Ap. VI, 16 B.C Ap. VI, 28 B.C. Ap. VI, 28, 34 V.C.C III, 169 B.C. Ap. VII, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 17 B.C. Ap. II, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 29 V.C. II, 90 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 30 B.C. Ap. II, 28 V.C. II, 90 B.C, 35 B.C. Ap. II, 31-2,34,36-40 V.C, 125 V.C. II, 92 B.C. Ap. VII, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 47 B.C. Ap. II, 93 V.C 111,236, 237 V.C. Ill, 334 V.C III, 334-7 V.C III, 338 236 Mining— Missions, British.] Mining — continued. 1863! Gold mining commenced in Cuyuni 1866 New lode found in Cuyuni V.C. Ill, 339 V.C. Ill, 339 1867 Government warning to British Guiai4 V.C. Ill, 148-9, 340 Gold Co. im Thurn on Government action in 1867f, V.C. Ill, 151, 154 as to, in Cuyuni Gold prospection revived by Ledoux i l V.C. Ill, 341 Essequibo Gold digging on Puruni River (Massaruni) V.C. Ill, 341 1884; Table of Returns of Gold -94 1887j Venezuelan protest as to gold digging V.C. Ill, 185 between Cuyuni and Massaruni, sug gested Caution by Lieut. -Governor Bruce to tbosi? V.C. Ill, 163, 164 holding concessions Mining in Spanish Area . . Missions, British . 1890 1890 -3 1891 1892 1893 1895 1735 17391743 1755 Gold Commissioner appointed Rudway's summary of results Labour in the gold diggings Statement by Rodway V.C. Ill, 355 V.C. Ill, 347 V.C. Ill, 347 Commencement and progress of, describee by Rodway Reports of Gold Commissioner . . 1850 Account of, probably by R. Tennant Report by Sucre on mines in Spanish a:ea V.C.C. Ill, 42 San Felipe asks for mining experts to B.C.C. Ap, 183 prospect on Oriuoco, among mines dis covered by Sucre Report by Espinosa on mines in Spanist V.C C. Ill, 47 area Alvarado's report on rumoured mines near B.C. Ap. II, 105, 106 V.C, 196 V.C, 196 V.C. Ill, 323, 324 V.C, 194-5 V.C. Ill, 413 V.C, 196 1853 1839 Capapui and other Spanish Missions Director - General hears rumours of Alvarado's report on Commencement of gold mining on the Yuruary Extensive influence of Indians from Cuyuni resort to The Missions on Moruka discussed Effect of missions in Pomeroon district . . Missionary action on Indians of Moruka Waini, and Barima 1830 1 Missionary Armstrong, visits Upper Esse-! B.C. Ap. VI, 42 quibo and Massaruni V.C. II, 299 B.C. Ap. II, 120 V.C. Ill, 333 B.C.C, 26 B.C. Ap. VII, 225 V.A. II, 696-8 B.C, 110 B.C. Ap. VI, 64 Missions, British.] 237 Missions, British— contd. At Baktika Grove, at junction op Massa runi with Essequibo River 1831 Commencement of . . Grant by Governor of land for B.C, 65, 108-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 43, 45-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 46 1832 Youd, Thomas, appointed to charge of . . B.C. Ap. VI, 50 0 \ 1839 London Missionary Society- had placed Mis sionary Bernau at Progress of, under Bernau B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C. Ap. VI, 77-8 1840 -4 Under Bernau, flourishing B.C Ap. VI, 95, 101, 131 ; VII, 29 B.C.C. Ap, 289, 292 104, 1833 Missionary Armstrong determines to visit Macusis on Rupununi Rev. L. Strong's report to Government oi mission to Indians of Essequibo and Massaruni River At Pirara on Rupununi Savannahs. B.C. Ap. VI, 50 B.C. Ap. VI, 49 1S39 Mission established by Missionary Youd. . Mission pushed southward from Pirara to "¦ Curowato Ro " (?=Urua) Mission at Urua (on Rupununi River) B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 64-5, VII, 3, 6 B.C.C, 110 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C, 65, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 B.A, 44 86; 1811 Had been driven back by Brazilians from Pirara to Waraputa (on Essequibo) At Waraputa, on Essequibo River, above junction of potaro B.C. Ap. VI, 118, 122 1840 -2 Mission from Rupununi retired to . . B.C.. 67, 109 B.C. Ap. VII, 38 • 1852 RC Ap.VI, 189 ¦ On Lower Essequibo. 1838 -40 At " Indiana " iu Supenaam Creek (L.B. of Lower Essequibo) B.C Ap. VI, 136 B.C.C. Ap, 285 1839 -40 At Karia Karia, or Kastrean on L.B. Lowei Essequibo River B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 77-8, 90, B.C.C. Ap, 288, 292 104 1817 -98 Or St. Rosa, at Mariaba, on L.B. Moruka River B.C, 110-11 1822 Arawak Indians take refuge in the Moruka B.C, 64 B.C., 110 1833 Proposal for establishment of Mission for these Arawaks by Rev. J. T. Hynes B.C. Ap. VI, 57 1834 Postholder's suggestions as to intended church at St. Rosa Hilhouse suggests Mission in Moruka for Spanish Arawaks Suggestion of Postholder as to grant for. . B.C. Ap. VI, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 52 B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 57 238 Missions, British.] Missions, British — contd. 1834 1837 1837 -8 1838 1839 1840 1841 1843 184418451847 18491850 1851 1853 -4 1856 1877 1875 1834 1836 Land granted to Father Hermant takes charge of . . Report to Government by Missionary on state of Missionary paid by British Colonial Govern ment Unsatisfactory state of, under Hermant . . Resignation of Hermant tendered Attended by Indians from Waini and Barima Superintendent suggests to Government unsuitability of Father Hermant for charge of St. Rosa Mission Bishop Clancy on state of St. Rosa Mission St. Rosa, state of Father Cullen assumed from Hermant St. Rosa ; grant to Roman Catholic Bishop on Moruka, for Flourishing under Father Cullen 336 Indians at Active condition of . . . . . , Indians of, exhibit tendency to return to Orinoco Land grant to . . Progress of , . . . Missionary visits Orinoco (ecclesiastically) Superintendent on condition of ; Father Cullen leaving B.C, 64, 110-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 57-8 B.C. Ap. VI, 62 B.C.C, 111 B.C. Ap. VI, 62-3 B.C.C. Ap, 277-8 B.C.C. Ap, 283-4 B.C.C. Ap, 284, 286 B.C.C. Ap, 283 B.C Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 63 B.C. Ap. VI, 78, 88 B.C.C. Ap, 290 B.C. Ap. VI, 93 B.C. Ap. VI, 98, 105-6 B.C, 111 B.C. Ap. VI, 173 B.C Ap. VI, 112, 116 B.C., Ill 3.C. Ap. VI, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.C. Ap.VI, 139, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 162 B.C. Ap. VI, 173 Report on condition of Governor Barkly on Bad condition of , . Indians of, eagerly offer service in sup pressing negro revolt The Mission under Father Mesini Rebuilding of church at Santa Rosa In Pomeroon River Suggestions by Rev. John Duke as to Supervised by the Rev. John Duke (from Arabian coast) A Mission at Hackney, on Lower Pomeroon, suggested by Rev. John Duke M'Bunn, catechist at Hackney B.C. Ap. VI, 178 B.C.C. Ap, 300 B.C, 111 B.C. Ap. VI, 196 B.C, 111 B.C Ap. VI, 200 B.CAp. VI, 216 B.C, 111 B.C.C. Ap, 274 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C C Ap, 275 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 Missions, British.] 239 Missions, British — contd. 1839 1840 1841 1845 1847 1849 1850 1853 -73 1853 1855 1865 1863 1875 1841 1844 1845 1847 (193) Resident clergyman for Pomeroon expected by London Missionary Society A second Mission at Pompiakru (at junction of Arapiakru with Upper Pomeroon) under Missionary Brett Catechist Landroy at Hackney A mission higher up Pomeroou recom mended Pompiakru flourishing under Mr. and Mrs. Brett Vacated by Brett, owing to ill-health Rumoured intention of Akawois to attack Mission of, vacant Proposed revival of . . Resident catechist at Cabacaburi . . Monthly visits of Missionary Brett Renewal of, under Catechist Landroy Church moved to Cabacaburi, from Pompiakru Extracts from Diocesan Society as to Good effect on the Arawaks At Cabacaburi ; success of, under Catechist Landroy At Hackney, on Lower Pomeroon Of Cabacaburi — number of Indians attending Of Pomeroon — improved industry of Resident clergyman in charge of Pomeroon and Moruka At Waramuri on Moruka River. Establishment of, under consideration Indians of Moruka preparing to erect chapel Akawois of Waini and Barama apply to Postholder for teacher Waramuri Mission commenced First use of name of Waramuri Indians of Moruka, Waini, Barima, and Amakuru join eagerly in constructing Mission established and progressing at Waramuri Indians from Amakuru, Barima, and Waini assemble at, to meet the Bishop Of Waramuri. No missionary, but Indians very anxious for 3 P B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 105, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 115-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 139 B.C. Ap. VI, 149 B.C. Ap. VI, 147 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 149 B.CAp. VI, 176 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 177 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 177 B.C.C Ap. 301-2, 304, 306-12 B.C. Ap. VI, 195 B.C. Ap. VI, 193 B.C Ap. VI, 198 B.C.C. Ap, 309 B.CC Ap. 308 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 135-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 137 B.C. Ap. VI, 115, 132, 137 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 138, 140-1 B.C, 109 B.C. A,.. VI, 141 B.C, ioO B.C /, >. VI, 146, 149 240 Missions, British — Missions, Spanish.] Missions, British — contd. Mis&ions, Spanish 1847 1849 1850 18511853 1853 -73 1855 18631865 18751849 18521887 1883 1880 Largely due to efforts of Warows oi' B.C. Ap. VI, 165 Moruka Reorganisation of, under Catechist Report on condition of Governor Barkly on Governor recommends revival of . . Extracts from Diocesan Society as to Revival of, under Mr. Wadie Improved industrial condition of . . Number of Indians attending Attended by Maiongongs from Cuyuni head and Arekunas from the Caroni Clergyman at Waramuri Mission proposed on Waini, for Akawois, and on Barima, for Warows Mission desired in Barima Mission at Kwabanneh on Waini Mission at Konkamo on Ireng River At Ichowra ou Potaro River Maps showing extent of area of . . Limits of area occupied by the missions . . No missions east of Tumeremo Missions never reached the Cuyuni No missions shown on Cuyuni by any map Utmost claim made by missionaries Mission Savannah ; forest between it and Cuyuni The area said by Mathison to be inaccur ately laid down in Codazzi's map The area described by Barry British concession on Cuyuni as to Outline of history of missions Burr's table of the Spanish missions Alleged British mistakes as to Representative character of Population of Becruited from Cuyuni forest Indians Desirability of protecting them by a fort. . B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 173 B.C. Ap VI, 178 B.CC Ap, 300 B.C. Ap.VI, 195 B.C.C. Ap, 301-2, 304, 306-12 B.C. Ap. VI, 198 B.C.C. Ap, 308 B.C.C. Ap, 309 B.C.C. Ap, 308-9 B.C, 109 B.C Ap. VI, 173 B.C, 109-10 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.C, 112 B.C, 112 B.C., 137-8 B.C. Atlas, 15, 22, 27, 29 B.C, 14, 47, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 93 B.A., 14 B.C. Ap. V, 117 B.A, 13 B.A, 13 B.C, 138 B.A, 14 V.C, 33 B.C.C, 18. 19 B.C. Ap. VI, 182 V.C, 32 B.C, 6 B.C, 38 V.C.C. II, 228-9 V.C.C, 60 V.C, 147 V.C, 154 V.C.C, 27 B.A, 14 Missions, Spanish.] 241 Missions, Spanish— contd. 159516481725 1652 1659 -91 16641664 1724 1677 1680 1681 1682 1686 1693 ?1720 1720 -63 1723 1724 Carib hostility to . . Destruction of, by Caribs, alleged to be immaterial Importance of Alvarado's report on (Historical Notices of) Alleged commencement of . . Limits of In Guiana Establishment of Jesuit, on the " Llanos,' to west of Orinoco [Wrongly identified with those of Yuruari Savannah] Register of baptisms said to have been commenced Father Fidel de Santo on state of Capuchin Missions of Guayana Governor of Trinidad asks for more missionaries Ten new missionaries for province of Trinidad Alleged existence of two (Jesuit) near S Thome and others higher up the Orinoco Jesuit Missions near S. Thome transferred to Capuchins Two more missionaries for Guayana Deed between Capuchins and Jesuits Approved by King of Spain Royal edict that the River Orinoco be opened for the planting of Missions Twelve more missionaries for Trinidad and Guayana said to have resulted within 15 years in 5,000 baptisms by missionaries Stock raising said to have been far advanced in Escort for Capuchin Fathers provided by Royal Order The missionaries, by aid of escort, explore Orinoco In Piritu, state of . . Work in Cumana and Barcelona Failure of, in Orinoco, hitherto declared by Viceroy of New Granada Hindered for want of escort B.C, 14 B.C.C Ap, 167 V.C.C, 33 B.A, 12 V.C, 41 B.C.C, 70 V.C, 101 V.C, 101 V.C. Ill, 368-9 B.C.C, 70 B.C. Ap. Ill, 1 96 V.C, 102-4 V.C. II, 338 B.C. Ap. Ill, 96 V.C, 102 V.C. II, 270 V.C, 102 V.C. II, 268 V.C, 103 V.C. II, 269 B.C. Ap. Ill, 9S V.C, 103 V.C. II, 338-9 V.C, 103 V.C. II, 270 V.C. II, 269 B.C. Ap. Ill, 96 V.C II, 271 V.C III, 367 V.C. 103-4 V.C II, 271 V.C, 104 V.C II, 63-4 B.C. Ap. Ill, 44 B.C. Ap. Ill, 6 B.C. Ap. Ill, 6 B.C. Ap. II, 9 V.C III, 368-9 B.C Ap. Ill, 6 242 Missions, Spanish.] Missions, Spanish — contd. 1724 First establishment of, by Capuchin, about S. Thome [Burr] B.C, 14, 33 B.C Ap. Ill, 19. 68, 69.96 V.C, 104 B.C.C, 71 V.C.C. II, 191 Suay (=La Purisima Conception del Caroni) first founded B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 V.C. II, 344, 369 1724 -61 Eight Spanish lost . . -1 . . B.C Ap. Ill, 97 1725 Report by Mense on V.C.C. Ill, 23 1732 Great deficiencies of, reported on by Aldunate B.C.C. Ap, 160 1733 Miserable state of the Capuchins on the Orinoco B.C.C, 95 B.C.C. Ap 161,167, Hostility of Caribs to B.CC. Ap, 167 Great assault on Jesuits of Orinoco by Taricura and the Caribs of Barima B.C.C. Ap, 162-175 Gumilla on powerlessness of the missions against Caribs from Barima and the sea B.C.C. Ap, 162-3 • Catalonian Capuchins reported the most suitable for the missions B.C.C. Ap, 160-1 Twelve Capuchins required for ; six for Guayana, six for Trinidad B.C.C. Ap, 160-1 1734 Agreement between various Orders (Jesuit, Franciscan and Capuchin) as to division of territory between) B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. II, 22-23 V.C, 153 Area of Capuchins from Angustura to " Grand Mouth " of Orinoco B.C. Ap. II, 23 Escort provided for Capuchin B.C, 38 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 ¦ Consequent advance of . . B.C, 38 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 Four already established near Orinoco B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 La Divina Pastora founded. . B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 V.C.C III, 56 St. Francisco de Altagracia, the most easterly, founded B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 Alta Gracia, alleged British mistake as to V.CC, 62 1735 Hostility of Caribs to, reported by Sucre.. B.C.C, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 22 1739 Manio (Miamo ?) ; destruction of, by Caribs, before this date B.C.C. Ap, 182, 186 1742 Harried by English and by Caribs B.C. Ap. II, 43 1743 Suay burnt by English V.C. Ill, 369 1748- 1813 Venezuelan account of the state of the Missions V.C, 154 1743 Seven in number, described by Espinosa . . V.C. Ill, 369-72 New Indian village on Cunuri River, the - -most advanced V.C. Ill, 371 Missions, Spanish.] 243 Missions, Spanish— contd. (193) 1745 1746 1747 1748 -9 1748 1749 1750 Report on wretched condition of the Missions considered by Council of the Indies Eight Catalonian friars sent out to replace the murdered missionaries The Dutchman, Finet, reports to tbe Com mandeur of Essequibo Spanish mission and fort on Cuyuni Commandeur transmits the rumour tc the Company of mission on Cuyuni Commandeur prohibits Carib allies of Dutch from attacking Mission of Sau Miguel del Palmar founded S. Miguel del Palmar ; alleged British mistake as to The Capuchin Missions replenished by entradas into forest S. Ignacio de Cabruta (Jesuit), the lowest mission on Caura River, 20-25 leagues up The Mission of the Rapids (Raudal) of Atures (Jesuit), the highest mission on Caura, 8 days above Cabruta, destroyed by Indians Hostility of Caribs to Missions, according to Iturriaga de la Garriga on tbe Dutch trafficking on the confines of the Spanish Missions Miamo founded [N. S. del Monseratti del] slightly nearer than the former Missions, to the Cuyuni Alleged British mistake as to Miamo Protest of Dutch Commandeur against supposed Spanish Mission on the Cuyuni B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C. Ap. II, 45 V.C. II, 96 B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. II, 45, 46 B.C. Ap. II, 46 B.C, 39 B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C.C, 62 V.C. Ill, 375, 377 V.C.C, 27 B.C. Ap. II, 54 B.C. Ap. II, 52, 54 B C, 37 B.C. Ap, II, 54 B.C. Ap. IV, 20 Spanish Governor denies foundation of Mission on Cuyuni Missions of the Jesuits ; 120 leagues above Guayana (S. Thome) Those of the Capuchins protected and assisted by the fortifications at S. Thome The most recent, was on the Imataca River Trade in cattle with, refused by the Dutch Difficulties of, with the Caribs Cunuri, Tupuquen,Curumu destroyed by the Indians Curumu Mission Curumu ; as to position of . . 3 Q .-[Burr] B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C.C, 63 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C. Atlas, 17 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C.C. Ap, 191 B.C.C. Ap,191 B.C. Ap. II, 69 V.C, 121 V.CC, 74 B.C, 41 B.CAp. II, 149, IV, 21 B.C, 41 B.C. Ap. II, 106, 108; 111, 97 V.C. Ill, 374 V.C.C. II, 221, 222 B.C., 41-2 Missions, Spanish.] 244 Missions, Spanish — contd. 1750 1751 -2 1753 1754 1755 Mutanambo mission mentioned (by de la Garriga) as having been destroyed [Burr] Mutanambo ; as to position of Acting Commandeur of Essequibo reports to the Company that there are no Spanish Missions on Cuyuni nearer than the iii ver Imataka Gravesande's copy of Spanish Map showing positions of the Missions Attack on three Missions by Caribs Franciscans at Piritu ask f..r aid from King of Spain against Caribs and their Dutch and French allies Iturriaga asked for secret and exact report on Hostility of Caribs to . . . . Royal Oi'der enjoining defence of the Missions A Mission "in Cuyuni" destroyed by Caribs and Panacay Indians Don Mateo Gual's report on the Missions Nine in number, all Capuchiu, described . . Usefulness of cattle to the Missions . . Sale of surplus products of the Missions . . Director-General again reports two Spanish Missions rumoured on Cuyuni Trade of Dutch to area of . . Ilurriaga's instructions to Alvarado to report on mission area Alvarado's report to Iturriaga on the mission area Mission of Miamo " one of the principal avenues of the Colony of Essequibo " Alvarado's reference to survival of Miamo Tupuquen; Alvarado's reference to de struction of, by Caribs, in 1751 At village of Capapui (reported gold mine) Alvarado reports "there are more in the hands of the Dutch than iu those of their proper owner " Alvarado reports against retention of mission area Alvarado on hostility of Caribs to the Missions B.C. Ap. IV, 21 V.C.C, 61 V.C.C. II, 222 B.C, 41-2 B.C. Ap. II, 69 V.C. II, 107 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 67 B.C Ap. II, 70, 76 B.C.C. Ap, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 89 V.C. Ill, 372 B.C Ap. II, 96 V.C. Ill, 373-376 V.C. Ill, 373 V.C. Ill, 375 V.C. Ill, 376 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 107 B.C. Ap. II, 105, 112 B.C. Ap. II, 105, 112 V.C.C. Ill, 51 B.A, 12 B.C Ap. II, 106 B.C. Ap. II, 106 B.C. Ap. II, 106, 108 B.C Ap. II, 105, 106 B.C. Ap. II, 107 B.C.C, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 107 B.C. Ap. II, 109 Divina Pastora described by Alvarado as B.C Ap. II, 113 two or three days by savannah and eight to ten through forest from banks of Cuyuni Missions, Spanish.] 245 Missions, Spanish— contd. 1755 Industries of the Missions V.C.C III, 58 Table of V.C. Ill, 426 Table of those destroyed V.C. Ill, 378 Miamo the most easterly Mission. . B.CC, 95 1756 Alleged missions south of Cuyuni, at Wenamu, Queribura, and Mawakken | Burr] B.C, 45 B.C Ap. II, 130 V.C. II, 122 B.A., 15 V.C.C. II, 218-223 * 1757 Caribs of Cuyuni determine to attack the Spanish Missions B.C. Ap. II, 130, 131 1758 The Missions reached by Dutch from Esse quibo via Curumo B.C. Ap. 11, 148 Slave trade of Dutch carried on right up to the Missions B.C. Ap. II, 146 Limits of the Missions, according to de la Garriga B.C, 46 B.C Ap. II, 146, 158 Spanish authoiities order the missionaries to withdraw from Cuyuni B.C.C. Ap, 199 Avechica referred to by de la Garriga as an Akawoi village on River Supama, destioyed by Caribs B.C, 47 B.C Ap. II, 145 Murder of Indians of, by Caribs from forest B.C. Ap. II, 145 Solano ascribes attacks of Caribs on, to influence of Dutch of Essequibo B.C. Ap. II, 140 Proposal to place fortified mission of Akawois below the Curumo B.C.C Ap, 199 Said to be protected by Spanish Govern ment as preventive against slave trade B.C. Ap. II, 150 1760 "How near they are to Essequibo, and how undesirable it is that they should advance a step further on the S. and E. side " [Confidential report of Spanish-Portuguese boundary expedition) B.C.C, 96 B.C.C Ap, 204, 5 1761 V C II, 347 Described by Fidel de Santo V.C. II, 338 V.CC III, 68 List of, to that date, by Fidel de Santo . . B.C., 38 B.C. Ap. II, 97 V.C. 11, 348 Described by Diguja V.C. II, 343 V.C.C. Ill, 74 Solano refers to the eighteen Capuchin Missions dependent on the Castle of Guayana B.C. Ap. II, 206 - Avechica mentioned as an advance post . . B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 V.C. II, 352 1762 Resistance of missionaries to removal of Suay B.C. Ap. IV, 91 V.C II, 406 Upata, foundation of V.C. II, 401 Supama, Mission of, mentioned B.C. Ap. IV, 21 246 Missions, Spanish.] Missions, Spanish — contd. 1763 1765 1766 -73 1767 Upata, description of Suay, description of Boundaries of the several Orders ., Diguja's map of Spanish missions . . Diguja's summary of achievements of Capuchins Sixteen Capuchin missions founded, exclu sive of eight lost Table of the sixteen Capuchin missions existing in Guayana (from the map to accompany Diguja's report), viz. : — Capapui Aguacava Miamo Alta Gracia Murucuri Guacipati Suay S. Jph.de Leonisa Palmar Amaruca Guarimua Avechica Caroni Carapu Piacoa Aripuco The missions extend 40 leagues south of S. Thome Capuchin missions said by Diguja to consti tute only Spanish penetration to interior Importance of the missions in protecting interior and S. Thome from Dutch Capuchin, "bulwark against Dutch Colony" Plan to advance Capuchin, to rear of Dutch colonies The most advanced (toward the Cuyuni) at this time are ElHato (= Divina Pastora), Yuruario, Arechica The missions not maintainable without fortress at S. Thome They supply the fortress with provisions . . Account of the cattle possessed by the missions Fifteen clergy in Capuchin missions Spanish allowances to Capuchin clergy greatly in arrear Mounted escort recommended for. . Slight hold of missions on Indians Several new missions described by Fray de Guardia A Company's Creole, by the Cuyuni, visits a Spanish mission four hours west from that river, for espionage This spy reports intended Spanish mission between Massaruni and Cuyuni Table of the missions Gravesande complains of Spanish missions " on our frontier, even on our territory " [Burr] V.C. II, 353 B.C Ap. Ill, 45 V.C. II, 356 B.C, 46 B.C. Ap. Ill, 73 B.C.C, 70 B.C.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. Ill, 20, 21, 67 V.C. II, 351 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21, 29, 69 B.C. Ap. II, 210 B.C Ap. Ill, 69 B.C. Ap. Ill, 60 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 B.C. Ap. Ill, 38, 71 B.C. Ap. Ill, 51 B.C, 46 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 B.C. Ap. Ill, 24 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 B.C. Ap. Ill, 71 B.C. Ap. Ill, 71 B.C. Ap. Ill, 50, 71 j B.C. Ap. Ill, 51 B.C Ap. Ill, 60 V.C. II, 357-8 B.C. Ap. Ill, 121 B.C. Ap. Ill, 121 V.C. Ill, 382 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143 V.C.C. II, 207 Missions, Spanish.] 247 Missions, Spanish — contd. 1768 1769 Extent and population of the missions, as found by Ceuturion, 30 leagues inland from Orinoco The missions reduced to 18 Indian villages and the town of S. Antonio de Lpata; " Good things in mortmain" Nothing known of interior except district of the missions Raid by Capuchin Fathers on Moruka Post Raid declared by the Fathers to be only for the purpose of reclaiming their own Indians The Fathers declared by the Commandant to have exceeded their authority Limits of Spanish missions Boundary of territory of Capuchih, in vievsj B.C Ap. IV, 23 of Garriga B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C. Ap. IV, 115 B.C. Ap. IV, 116 B.C., 53 B C. Ap. IV, 8-9 B.C, 54 B.C. Ap. IV, 9-59 B.C., 54 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B C 55 B.c'Ap. IV, 48, 51,55, 58, 62, 65, 71 1770 1771 Old Spanish, two or three hours from Cuyuni Depredations on, by Caribs. . Sixteen Capuchin, under fifteen Fathers . Industries and resources of Guaznpati and Cavallapi formally declared nearest to Cuyuni Letters of the missionaries The missions limited, toward the Cuyuni up to this date to the junction of the Miamo and Yuruari Tupuquen re-established Memorandum by de Barcelona on the V.C. II, 398 Capuchin Increase of escort necessary for missions Missions are " first in the path of invader " Claim of administrative independence for. . Complaints against Capuchins by Centurion Suay to be removed to Angostura, and the B.C. 57 four villages below Vieja Guayana (Wnata, Vyacoa, Tiparua, and Piacoa) to be removed 1773 (193) 1774 Centurion's account of boundaries of spheresf B.C. Ap. IV, 113 of the various Orders respectively Centurion's endeavour to withdraw inhabi tants of Cedula directing removal of Civil officers. B.C.C, 95 from the villages 3 R B.C Ap. IV, 4 B.C. Ap. IV, 50, 53, 57, 60, 63, 64, 67 B.C. Ap. IV, 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 44 B.C, 55 B.C. Ap. IV, 62-65 V.C.C. Ill, 81 B.C, 46, 47 B.C, 47 B.C. Ap. V, 171 B.C. Ap. IV, 85 B C Ap. IV, 89 B.C. Ap. IV, 88, 90-93 B.C. Ap. IV, 91 V.C. II, 404 B.C. Ap. IV, 91-2 V.C II, 412 B.C. Ap. IV, 117 Missions, Spanish.] -248 Missions, Spanish — contd. 1775 Distances between the missions tabulated 1776 Capuchins supported in their conflict with Centurion List of the Missions by de Subadel Report of Council of the Indies on the Missions 1777 j List of the Missions by de Sebadel I 1782 The so-called mission of Cura established Cura, Garriga's defence of mission at 17831785 1787 Avechica re-established Angel Custodio established Resolution as to founding of Cura . Letter of de Mataro on new cattle farm of Tumeremo List, by San Celonio, of officers of Spanish missions The missions of, described by Marmion . . List of the missions, by de Vich Letter of de San Celonio, on new mission sites List of Spanish missions, by de San Celonio Tumeremo established Question of establishment of Tumeremo referred by Marmion to Intendant-General of Caracas Letter by Marmion on founding of Tume remo Tumeremo stud to be distant from the Cuyuni Marmion to Gil on founding of Tumeremo 1789 1790 Certificate, by the Prefect of the Missions on founding of Tumeremo Tumeremo referred to the Fiscal for a Report " The Franciscan Fathers . . . have under their charge, the settlements . . . from the Capital to S. Carlos of the Rio Negro " B.C. Ap. IV, 138, 139 B.C, Ap. IV, 148 B.C. A p. IV, 138 V.C II, 430 B.CAp. IV, 148 V.C. II, 431 V.C.C. Ill, 92 B.C, 47 B.C. Ap. V, 171 B.C,Ap. V, 4 V.C, II 409 V.CC. Ill, 99 B.C., 47 B.C Ap. V, 171 B.C, 47 B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C.C. Ill, 104 B.C. Ap. V, 85 V.C. II, 445 B.C. Ap. V, 95 V.C. II, 454 B.C. Ap. V, 56 V.CC. Ill, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 69 V.C. II, 447 B.C. Ap. V, 93 V.C II, 459 B.C. Ap. V, 97 V.C. II, 455 B.C, 47 B.C. Ap. V, 171 B.C. Ap. V, 87 B.C. Ap. V, 87 V.C. II, 447 B.C. A p. V. 92 V.C. II, 462 B.C. Ap. V, 99 V.C. II, 457 B.C. Ap. V, 98 V.C. II, 457 B.C. Ap. V, 101 V.C.C. Ill, 122 Report of Fiscal on founding of Tumeremo B.C. Ap. V, 108 V.C. II, 467 Second report of Fiscal on the foimding B.C. Ap. V, 115 of Tumeremo V.C. II, 474 243 Missions, Spanish.] Missions, Spanish— contd. 1791 i Tumeremo ; its proximity to the Cuyuni. . IV, CC. Ill, 151 1797 List of the Capuchin Missions in Guayana (from Strickland) V.C. II, 484 1799 List of the Missions by de Sebadel B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C. II, 485 1810 -16 BC, 17 1813 List of .. . . .. B.C, 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 6 V.C II, 487 • Olazarra's account of the Capuchin mis sions, and complaints of the Civil power and wealth of the missionaries B.C. Ap. V, 210 1816 -50 State of area of V.A. II, 668, 669 1816 Official table of those in Lower Orinoco after suppression in 1813. . B.C Ap. VI, 6 V.C.C. Ill, 165 1817 Tupuquen and Tumeremo were " the last in the eastern district" B.C. Ap. VI, 208 Assassination of priests during the war of independence and abandonment B.C, 18, 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 16 Murder of the missionaries ; account of by Blanco B.C. Ap. VI, 207 1818 Funeral oration by Father Nicholas de Vich on priests massacred in 1817 B.C. Ap. VI, 14-16 History of the missions B.C. Ap. VI, 14-15 de Vich on the royalist tendencies of the B.C. Ap. VI, 15 missionaries 1819 Priest in charge of the missions describes them as wretched skeletons B.C. Ap. VI, 40 San Antonio, much reduced condition of mission at B.C, 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 40 1820 The missions of the Upper and Lower Caroni had disappeared B.C. Ap. VI, 40 Puedpa, Ayma and Pastora alone survived and as " mere shadows " B.C Ap. VI, 40 Decree of Congress dividing the old terri tory of, into 5 districts, B.C, 69 B.C. Ap VI. 17 ue. : (1). The Eastern (Palmar, Cumamo, Miamo, Carapo, Tupuquen, Tume remo, Cura) ; (2). The Central (Altagracia, S. An tonio, Guri, Cupapui, Upata, S. Maria) ; (3). The Southern (Guacipati, Pastora, Ayma, Avechica, Puedpa, S. Clara, S. Serafin, and S. Pedro de las Bocas) ; (4). The Lower Caroni (Caruache, Morucuri, Caroni, S. Felix, S. Miguel); ^5). The Lower Orinoco (Pug a, Piacoa, S. Catalina, Sacopana and the Indians of the Canons) 250 Missions, Spanish— Mora Passage.] Missions, Spanish— contd. Mississippi Moera = Mora Passage (Morawhana), q.v. Moera Moll, John, see Maul, John. Mon Repos, Essequibo Monsalbe, Luis de, Captain General of Guayana Montbrun, D. Montes, Roque de . . Moody, Col. Mora, on Moruka River Mora Passage, or Mora- wh ANA 1847 List of the missions to be visited by Level B.C. Ap. VI, 151 Report by Andres Level on his visit to the missions B.C, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 150, 162 Level writes, " There are no such missions " B.C Ap. VI, 152 Level writes, " In Barcelona only can any possible progress be observed " B.C. Ap. VI, 152 Level writes of Guayana, "The province has disappeared " B.C. Ap. VI, 152 He describes ruins of S. Pedro de las Bocas B.C. Ap. VI, 153 1850 No roads in, area of . . B.C. Ap. VI, 182 Discoveries of gold in the area B.C. Ap. VI, 181-2 British claim with regard to V.A. II, 740 1785 The upper part of the river Essequibo said to have been formerly so called B.C. Ap. VII, 174 1831 Residence of Wischropp, a little above the mouth of the Massaruni B.C. Ap. VI, 48 1629 A squadron of nine ships of English and Dutch enemies attack, on San Thome B.C. Ap. I, 70 1875 Consul for Venezuela in Trinidad, protests against arrest of Garrett on Amakuru B.C. Ap. VI, 212, 214-5 Governor Longden declines 1o consider protest of, against arrest of Garrett B.C. Ap. VI, 215 1596 Report on affairs iu Guiana B.C. Ap. I, 11 V.C. II, 258 B.C, 67 1807 Sent to Barima Point to report on prac ticability of its fortification B.C Ap. VII, 13,32, 33,37 1834 Spanish Arawak settlement B.C. Ap. VI, 53 Channel connecting Waini and Barima Rivers B.C. Atlas, 1 Described B.C, 9 B.C.C, 9-11 Venezuelan description of, questioned B.C.C, 8-11 Alleged to be a mouth of the Orinoco V.C, 15 Best laid down in Hohenkerk's map B.C.C, 9, 10 B.C.C. Atlas, 6 Course of tide in V.C, 15 B.C.C, 10-11 Obstructed state of . . B.C Ap. VI, 228 Change in, of recent years B.C.C, 10 Perkins cited as to . . V.C, 15 Tradition of " the Dutchman's" place on . . B.C, 68 B.C. Ap. VII, 216, 218, 236 251 Mora Passage — Moruka-Pomeroon.] Mora Passage — continued. 1703 1750 17551779 1840 1841 18571883 1884 1885 1887 1888 1890 18911891 -8 1891 1892 (Moera), deserters recaptured at Mentioned as on regular route between Orinoco and Essequibo (Garambo). Caribs of, said by Alvarado to trade with the Dutch of Essequibo Traversed by Inciarte Treated by Superintendent King as within British boundary Postholder's return of Indians from Venezuelan gunboat in Schomburgk on Examined by Campbell and Holmes Settlers on . . Obstructed state of . . British subjects resident in, to be protected by British Increase of squatters (British subjects) in Rapid increase of squatters (British sub jects), and cultivation on Police stations arranged for at British station at Hospital at Town laid out at Trade to Police station at im Thuru takes up residence at Improvements at Moracabura Creek = Haimaracabra Creek, q.v. Morawhana. See Mora Passage. Morequito 1591 Moreybo R., Trib. (L.B.) Waini River MoriUas, Miguel de Moroko-Eykoeroe,an island in Cuyuni Moruka-Pomeroon Region, so-called |193) 1779 18391637 1743 B.C. Ap. I, 220 B.CC. Ap, 194 B.CAp. II, 109-10, 113 B.C.C. Ap. 221, 243, 250 B.C. Ap. VI, 99 B.C. Ap VI, 99, 100 V.A. II, 693-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 11 V.CC. Ill, 189 V.C. Ap. II, 317 B.C Ap. VI, 228 B.C Ap. VI, 233 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C, 118 B.C.C, 119 First establishment of Berrio on Orinoco. . Passed, and its communication with the Barima described by Inciane Visited by Superintendent Crichton Declaration as to removal of S. Thome Reached by Hildebrandt Described Alleged separation from the Orinoco 3 S B.C, 20 B.C. Atlas, 15, 37 B.C. Atlas, I B.C.C. Ap, 240-1 B.C. Ap. VI, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 90 V.C, 125n V.C. II, 94 V.C, 24-28 V.C, 25-28 Moruka-Pomeroon Post.] 252 Moruka-Pomeroon Post Placed at various times on Pomeroon, on Wakepo and on Moruka Continuity of To intercept runaways 1684^ Continued existence of, as commanding 1858 | waterway to Orinoco On the Pomeroon Rivek. 1679 1684 16881689 1691 17031703 -5 1703 1704 J1705 1706 The Post Postholder to visit Barima. 16991699-1701 17001701 1704 17051709, 1712 1713 The Post completed. . . . Retained after sack of Colony by French Adriaen van Gastel, Master, with two soldiers Outlier in Pomeroon A second Post said to have been established Of Pomeroon (Wakepo?), Jan Debbaut, Postholder Pomeroon and , Wakepo mentioned separately. Paul us Verlaart, Postholder of Pomeroon Dirk Scheij, bylier of Pomeroon (no Postholder) B.C, 31 B.C, 14 B.C.C, 66 V.C, 117 V.C. Ill, 38 B.C, 31, 83, 114 B.CAp. I, 186 V.C, 86 V.C.A. II, 45 B.C. Ap. I, 208 Posts of Pomeroon and Wakepo again B.C. Ap. VII, 154 combined under Postholder de Blaake Franz Kantenaar, Postholder; Jan Debbaut, Assistant Trade from the Pomeroon Post Jan Debbaut appointed Postholder vice Franz Cantenaar Mention of outliers' houses in Wakepo and Mahaicony Jan Debbaut, Postholder Pieter de Blaake, Postholder B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 211 V.C, 95 B.C Ap. VII, 150 V.C. II, 70 V.C, 95 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 B.C Ap. VII, 153 B.C. Ap. VII, 154 B.C.C. Ap, 478 B.C.C Ap, 58, 74, 94, 107, 110, 144 B.C. Ap. I, 217; VII, 151 V.C. II, 67 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 B.C. Ap. VII, 154 The Post unsuccessfully attacked by j B.C, 32 French with Spaniards IB.C Ap. I, 233, 235 -j i V.C. II, 74 Pieter de Blaake, Postholder .. i B.C. Ap. II, 235 1714 j Arrest of illegal trader at Post of Wakepo | B.C, 87 [B.C. Ap. I, 238 MoruKa-Pomeroon Post.] 253 Moruka-Pomeroon Post- continued. 1720 -47 1724 1726 1728 1730 173117321735 17371738 174417451746 1747 1748 1749 -53 1749 Trade at Postholder and Indians summoned to Esse quibo to proceed against Maganouts Jan Batiste, Postholder Postholder detailed for trade with Orinoco To be moved from Wakepo to Akweeru on the Moruka Instructions to Postholder to resist Spanish attacks The Post reinforced by Court of Policy . . Postholder reports seizure by Spaniards of fishing vessel near Orinoco Postholder endeavours to reclaim effects of murdered Bishop of Oran List of cannon at the Post The Post first mentioned as of Wakepo and Moruka, Jan Baptiste, Postholder, and three assistants Jargen Gobel van Kleijnderen engaged as Assistant Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka The Post of Wakepo and Moruka to be kept up for sake of frontier Failing dye trade from the Post J. Baptiste, Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka ; with two assistants Two Spaniards arrested at Wakepo De Laet and Jan Baptiste change place, the former becoming Postholder, the latter Assistant Postholder of Wakepo ordered to assist Caribs of Waini against Indians from Orinoco Iturriaga's reference to the Post . . PosthoMer Jan de Scharden of Wakepo and Moruka J. Stoete, Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka No Postholder, but Hendrick Kleijman is Assistant On the Moruka River. 1726 j Court of Policy resolves to move the Post from Wakepo to Akweeru Site selected at Accoujere (Akweeru") for uew Post said to command the waterway 1728 Post reinforced against Spaniards. . B.C. Ap. VII, 178 B.C. Ap. II, 3 B.C Ap II, 3 B.C. Ap. II, 3, 4 B.C, 33 B.C Ap II, 5, 6 V.C. II, 80 B.C. Ap. II, 8 B.C. Ap. II 7 V.C II, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 7 B.C. Ap. II, 11 B.C. Ap II, 14 B.C. Ap. VII, 157 B.CC. Ap, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 25 B.C. Ap. II, 25 B.C. Ap. VII, 159 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C Ap. VII, 160 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap II, 53 B.C. Ap. VII, 161 B.C. Ap. VII, 161-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 161 B.C. Ap. II, 5, 6 V.C. II, 80 B.C, 33 B.C. Ap. II, 6 V.C. II, 80 B.C, 34 B.C. Ap. II, 8 254 Moruka-Pomeroon Post.] Moruka - Pomeroon Post- cniitinued. 1737 1746 1747 1748 17501751 1754 1755 Purpose of Post, to maintain frontiers toward Orinoco The Post falling off in dye trade from Postholder reports Indians from Orinoco had attacked Carib allies of Dutch in Waiui Post of Moruka reported quiet again, the hostile Indians having returned to Orinoco de Laet discharged from Postholdership, and de Scharden appointed Postholder Postholder before Court of Justice for alleged offence at Post Postholder, Moruka, a faithful servant of Company Appointment of de Scharden approved by Company Jan Stoete appointed Postholder in place of de Scharden Postholder ordered to report any Spaniards passing Postholder to be sent by Commandeur to Orinoco Fortification and garrison of the Post de scribed ; it " has an infinite number of Arawaks and Caribs " (Spanish official report) Postholder called upon to enforce atten dance of Indians from Waini Burgher's petition for shift of the Post, to prevent escape of slaves Site for new Post to be examined at Erection of Post there deferred for pecuniary reasons Mentioned by Director-General as defence against Spanish attack Requiring reinforcements Arawaks of the Post organized against expected Spanish attack Hendrik Kleijman, Postholder Referred to by Alvarado as " a castle which they (the Dutch) call the Post " Scheme for moving considered by Court of Justice V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 25 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 50 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 57 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 62 B.C. Ap. II, 61 V.C. II, 102 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C.C. Ap, 194 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 B.C Ap. II, 90 V.C 11,110 B.C. Ap. II, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C. Ap. II, 92 V.C, 128,132 V.C.II, 112-3 B.C. Ap. II, 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 162-3 B.C. Ap. II, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 123 V.C. II, 117 1756 Postholder receives demand from Mission- • B.C. Ap. II, 121, 122 ary Father in Orinoco to deliver up certain; refugee Indians j Court of Justice orders the Post to be' B.C. Ap. II 124 shifted ! 1757; Willem Lusis, Postholder B.C. Ap. VII, 163 255 Moruka Pomeroon Post.] Moruka-Pomeroon Post — continued. 17,57 1758 1760 1761 1762 -4 1762 1763 1764 1765 -7 1766 1767 1768 1769 (193) Letter by -Iturriaga ou the Post Moved six leagues down toward the sea to intercept runaways by sea Referred to by de la Garriga as " the Post of Essequibo " Valdes' letter to Iturriaga reports that the Dutch have built stockaded house at mouth oi, additional to Post Indian from the Post seized by Flores off Barima mouth Rumoured Spanish threats against the Post Reinforced against Spanish attack Spanish traders in tobacco at the Post Frederic Dost, Postholder The Assistant was one of those in Cuyuni captured in 1758 Warows from Trinidad give warning of intended Spanish attack on Reinforced with mulattos . . . . <, . Director-General reports that this Post com mands the way to Orinoco Importance of Post as preventing runaways and commanding the road to the Orinoco Charles Maine, Postholder Postholder to prevent unlawful settlement in Barima Postholder in control of Barima Desertion to Orinoco of the Postholder (Charles Maine) Postholder reports Warows flying from Orinoco to Barima Director-General dwells on importance of the Post Dederik Nelis, Postholder (till 1771) Instructions to Postholder at Passports and duties at Indians of the Post had objected to a foreign Postholder Dutch deserters threaten Postholder's report of hostile visit by Capuchin Fathers to Indians taken by Spaniards from 3 T V.C.C. Ill, 65 B.C. Ap. II, 138 V.C, 118 B.C Ap. II, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 195 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 199 B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5 B.C. Ap. II, 218 B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C. Ap. II, 216, 220 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C. Ap. Ill, 106, 110, 111 B.C. Ap. VII, 165-6 B.C. Ap. Ill, 132 V.C. II, 165 B.C. Ap. Ill, 155 B.C.C, 77 B.C. Ap. Ill, 155, 156 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 B.C. Ap. Ill, 157; VII, 166-8 V.C. II, 173 B.C. Ap. Ill, 154, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 154, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 164 B.C. Ap. Ill, 176, 183 B.C, 53 B.C Ap. IV, 8-9 V.C. II, 185 V 0.0. Ill, 80 256 Moruka-Pomeroon Post.] Moruka-Pomeroon Post— continued. 1773 1774 -6 1776 -80 1777 1778 1779 1780 178317841785 1786 17921793 1794 1797 1802 1805 1807 Postholder at Paulus Vermeer, Postholder Arnold vau Dijcke, Postholder Proposal by Court of Policy to strengthen the garrison, and shift site of Post to the sea Post spoken of as "near Spanish frontier' Removal of the Post negatived by the W.I. Company; Sub- Post projected at the sea, with military garrison Question as to stationing of soldiers at Indians better than soldiers at Inciarte's references to "the Post which the Dutch have in M iruka " Inciarte points out that it commands the inland waterway to Orinoco Copy of the instructions to the Postholder obtained by Inciarte To be placed on the sea-coast west of Moruka The Post said, by Inciarte, to be abandoned by the Dutch B.C. Ap. IV, 108 B.C. Ap. IV. 143; VII, 168-70 B.CAp. VII, 171-4 B.C. Ap. IV, 185 B.C. Ap. IV, 186 B.C. Ap. IV, 189 B.C Ap. IV, 193 V.C. II, 234 B.C.C. Ap, 193 B.C.C. Ap, 225-9, 251-2 B.C.C. Ap, 228, 251 B.C.C. Ap, 254-5 B.C.C. Ap, 370 Resolution of the Court of Policy for re building at mouth of the Moruka RestoredPostholder Joseph Bartholij Captain Bilstein at . . Said to be the only existing Moruka J. Bertholij, Postholder Spaniards, ex-prisoners of the French, landed at " Port Maroco " Attack by Spaniards repulsed by British . ? Governor Meertens on state of the Post as left by English Proposal to shift, for better communication with the Indians Indians of, had recently been in bush ex pedition under Protector Mack H. Linau, Postholder Postholder justified for firing in Pomeroon at boat of settler who refused to stop Postholder sent up Essequibo, Cuyuni and Massaruni to conciliate the Indians B.C. Ap. V, 20 V.C, 119 V.C. II, 440 B.C. Ap. V, 27 V.C, 119 B.C. Ap. V, 28, VII, 174 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 V.C, 119 B.C.C. Ap, 257 V.C.C. Ill, 155 B.C, 62 B.C. Ap. V, 168-9 V.C, 127 V.C. II, 253, 254 B.C. Ap. V, 187 B.C.C. Ap, 263 B.C.C. Ap, 263 B.C.C. Ap, 263 B.CC. Ap, 264 :57 Moruka-Pomeroon Post. ' Moruka-Pomeroon Post- continued. 1810181218151817 18211823 1824 1825 18261833 1834 1836 1836 -401838 -40 1339 Captured Bush Negroes assigned by Court, B.C.C. Ap, 266 of Policy for service at On the Pomeroon River. Court of Policy authorises erection of store B.C.C. Ap, 268 house aud strong room at the Post Payment of Indians in service of the Post Arrangements at, to deal with Spanish Arawaks from Orinoco Distribution of presents to Indians at Report to Govtrnor on repairs required to Protector reports to Governor short pay ment to Iudians of Hilhouse's estimate of value of the Post . . Strict observance enjoined of Article prohibiting persons passing without pass Complaint by James Fraser against Post- holder for seizure in Moruka River P. G. Timmerman recommended as Post- holder William Bishop appointed Postholder Bonuell, Tonge, Postholder Villenueve, a Frenchman, from Orinoco, passed, exhibiting passport Quarterly Return ending 30th September. . Bonnel Tonge, Postholder Magisterial functions exercised by Post- holder Hilhouse on importance of . . Ex-tracts from journal of Postholder for May, June Visited by Captain John and Caribs from Massaruni Frenchman from Orinoco visits and exhibits passport Systematic supply of provisions to the Post Singleton, W. H, as Postholder . . Postholder's reply to Governor's circular of enquiry as to state of Post Situated at mouth of Pomeroon, west bank Theodore Gilbert, a medical man, Post- holder Crichton reports dangerous state of house . Proposal to remove to Arapiakru, up the Pomeroon Mouth of Moruka suggested as most suit able site for Twenty-seven staud of muskets returned to head-quarters from the Post B.C. Ap. VI, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 7, 8 B.C. Ap. VI, 20 B.C. Ap. VI, 20 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 23 B.C. Ap. VI, 35 B.C.C. Ap, 271-3 B.C.C. Ap, 273 B.C.C. Ap, 274 B.C Ap. VI, 51 B.C. Ap. VI, 50 B.C. Ap. VI, 50, 51 B.C.C. Ap, 274 B.C.C. Ap, 276 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C. Ap. VI, 55 B.C Ap. VI, 55 B.C. Ap. VI, 55 B.C. Ap. VI, 55 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C. Ap. VI, 61, 82, 92 B.C.C. Ap, 284 B.CC. Ap, 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 83 258 Moruka-Pomeroon Post.] Moruka-Pomeroon Post- continued. 1839 1840 1841- 18421843 1844 1845 184618471848 1849 At mouth of Pomeroon River, Th. Gilbert, Postholder Resignation of Postholder Gilbert McClintock appointedPostholder,lstOctober B.C. Ap. VI, 99-100, 104-5 1858 1855 House reported uninhabitable Postholder allowed to live up Pomeroon (at Maccasseema) Postholder's return of Indians from Bara mani, Morawhana, Pomeroon, &c. Governor's minute relative to wood cut by Indians being brought to Post Post at mouth of river to be put in order Postholder resident at, but allowed to live up the river Removal of Post to mouthof Moruka advised Postholder McClintock's report for 2nd and 3rd quarters Postholder McClintock gone to Pirara Postholder's reports for 3rd and 4th quarters Visited by Jose Rodinze, Postholder of Corioppo (Orinoco), who pays duty on his cargo Petition of Postholder to be repaid cost of repairs of Post Post still tinder repair At river mouth ; but Postholder temporarily living up river Postholder's reports for 1st, 2nd and 4th quarters Postholder's reports for 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters Indians habitually call at the Post Postholder's reports for 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters Postholder's reports for 1st, 2nd and -3rd quarters Postholder McClintock's report for 1st quarter Bad state of repair of Post. . Proposal to remove Post further from sea Importance of maintenance of the Post Preparations for its removal to mouth of Moruka Under erection at mouth of Moruka River McClintock on importance of Post at mouth of Moruka River B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C Ap. VI, 94, 104 B.C. Ap. VI, 101, 105 B.C Ap. VI, 101 B.C. Ap. VI, 99-100 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C. Ap. VI, 107, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 112,114 B.C. Ap. VI, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 113 B.CC Ap, 294-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C. Ap. VI, 127-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 128 B C. Ap. VI, 125-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 136 B.C. Ap. VI, 135 B.C. Ap. VI, 131-6 B.C Ap. VI, 138-43 B.C. Ap. VI, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 143-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 147-9, 165 B.C.C. Ap, 300 B.C. Ap. VI, 167 B.C. Ap. VI, 174 B.C. Ap. VI, 177 B.C. Ap. VI, 185 B.C. Ap. VI, 193, 194, 197 B.C. Ap. VI, 199 259 Moruka River.] Moruka River To sea just west of Pomeroon Geographical. Natural line of demarcation alleged at head of Inter-communication with Pomeroon, Waini, and Barima Alleged barrier between, and Waini Savannah at head of, as a barrier Description of its course by McClintock . . Connection of Upper, with sea at Kam- watta Point Historic au. ? Description of by Gravesande Post at, commanding highway to Barima and Orinoco The Post said to have been the limit of Dutch occupation The Post as a port of entry and frontier Instructions to Postholder of . . Always regarded as Dutch possession [Burr" Alleged squatting on, by Dutch Ruins of Dutch buildings on Alleged Spanish control up to 16584 Dutch relations with 1800 (193) 1648- 1725 1597 -8 1658 1659 Denied to have been extreme claim of Spain V.A. II, xxiv-xxvii B.C. Atlas, I V.A. II, 411 B.C, 9 V.C.C, 19, 20 V.A, 172 V.A. II, 677-8 B.C. Ap. VI, 210-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 148 V.C. II, 157 B.C, 88 VA. II, 411 V.A, 447, 482 B.C, 87 V.C.C. II, 109 V.C.C, 87 B.C.C, 15 B.C. Ap. VI, 227; VII, 223-4 B.C.C Ap, 34, 373 V.A. II, 485, 545 On importance of water route via . . Venezuelan point that Great Britain alleges no formal Dutch occupation west of Alleged Spanish control to east of. . Passed by Cabeliau Dutch fort on Included in Colony of Nova Zeelandia . . First occupied by Dutch (Burr) . . Dutch spoken of as in possession "land wards in the province of " 3 V V.C.C II, 97-109 V.C.C. II, 97 V.C.C, 32 V.C, 100 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C. II, 9 B.C, 13 B.C. Ap. I, 146 V.C. II, 34 V.C.C. II, 109 B.C.C Ap, 29 Moruka River.] 260 Moruka River— continued. 1662 1663 Dutch settlement on Moruka mentioned by B.C. Ap. I, 152 Viedma Commandeur of Pomeroon reports cultivar B.C.C Ap, 34 tion on Moruka flourishing Soldiers required for the " House Nassau ' in Moruka A factor appointed for ths Company's plan tation in Sugar mills at work in 1665 Fort stormed by English 1672 Dutch jurisdiction exercised at Berbice cargoes seized in, by Essequibo but delivered up on payment of costs 1673 ; Dutch trade route to Orinoco 1707 1712 1725- 1803 1726 I 1728 1731 1737 1746 1747 1748 1749 Toll proposed to be levied at Spanish and French attack on Only one plantation on Dutch relations with country beyond, V.C, 110 trading only B.CC. Ap., 37 B.C.C. Ap, 39 B.C.C. Ap, 34 B.C, 28 ; B.C. Ap. I, 166 B.C.C, 57-8 B.C.C. Ap, 45 V.C, 85 B.C Ap. I, 229-30 B.C.C, 65 B.C. Ap. I, 235 B.C.C, 66 V.C, 109 Actual uninterrupted occupation of, since (Burr) Post to be moved to the Moruka from Wakepo Reinforcements to the Post for express purpose of resisting attack by Spaniards Cannon mounted at the Post Importance of Post for maintenance of frontiers stretching toward the Orinoco Aimatto trade of the river falling off Caribs assisted from Special Postholder selected for Arrival of Spaniards habitually reported to Commandeur by the Moiuka Postholder Dutch trade with Orinoco through Special Postholder selected for 1750 1754 To be defended by Canbs . . On regular route from Orinoco to Essequibo (Spanish Official Report) Question of position of the Post to prevent „ escape of slaves ; further action tempor- V.C II, 116 arily deferred V.C.C. II, 109 B.C Ap. II, 6 B.C.C, 80 B.C. Ap. II, 7-8 B.CC, 81 B.C Ap. II, 14 B.C, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 25 V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 25 V.C II, 89 B.C.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 45, 48 B.C.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 50 B.C.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 61 B.C.C, 81 B.C Ap. II, 60, 61 B.C. A p. II, 62 B.C.C, 81 B.C.C. Ap, 194 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 Moruka River.] 261 Moruka River — continued. 1754 1755 1757 1758 1760 1760 -8 1762 1763 1765 1766 1767 Requiring reinforcements . . Armed guard boat ordered by Court of Policy to be placed at Moruka, against hostile attack The Dutch Castle or Post on, referred to by Alvarado Spanish Mission Father's threat to take Indians from Reconnaissance by Spanish pilots at Iturriaga's report on New watchhouse (at mouth of) to inter cept runaways \>y sea passage ; under charge of Beissenteufel Valdes' letter to Iturriaga on Dutch in ; he declares Dutch have built Resthouse at mouth of, iu addition to the Post Settlement of Arawak Indians at . . Referred to by de la Garriga as flowing out " near the mouth of the Orinoco " de la Garriga's reference to Dutch use of. . Dutch reinforcements for the Post, against the Spaniards Dutch land grant to Beissenteufel on west bank of Moruka, from the new guard house Alleged Spanish control over Rumours of proposed Spanish attack on . . Postholder staying in bush in fear of the Spaniards In default of soldiers mulattos engaged for defence of the river Dutch soldiers sent out by the Company for Description of, by Gravesande Cited as extremest trading place by Zeeland Chamber Criminal justice exerc'sed by Dutch between Indians in This approved by the Company Postholder of, arrests Vau Rosen . . Postholder of, in control of Barima Rousselet's plantation on . . B.C. Ap. II, 92 V.C, 128, 132 V.C. II, 112-3 B.C. Ap. II, 95 B.C. Ap. II, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 121-2 V.C, 139-40 V.C II, 119 B.C.C, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 138, 142 V.C, 140 B.C.C, 89 B.C Ap. II, 136 V.C II, 301 B.C. Ap, 138 V.C, 118 V.C II, 302 B.C. Ap. II, 142 B.C. Ap. II, 142 V.C. II, 303 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C Ap. II, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 197 V.C. II, 142 B.C Ap. VII, 197 V.C.C, 52 B.C. Ap. II, 216 V.C. II, 150 B.C Ap. II, 218 V.C, 159 V.C. II, 151 B.C. Ap. 11,216, 220 B.C.C, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 220, 225 B.CC, 85 B.C Ap. II, 226 V.C. II, 154 B.C. A p. Ill, 125 V.C. II, 162 B.C, 86, 89 B.C Ap. Ill, 12J, 126 B.C. Ap. Ill, 133 B.C, 89 B.C. Ap. Ill, 132 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C.C, 77 B.C. Ap. Ill, 148 Moruka River.] 262 Moruka River — continued. 1767 1768 1769 1770 Postholder to control the hiring Indians from beyond Dutch coastguards to lie outside, proposed Threatened by deserters from Barima Director-General insists on importance of strengthening Postholder at, required to be Dutch Effect of Spanish raids on . . Post at, reported in order Said to be overpowered by Spaniards Spaniards alleged to be taking Indians from Flight of Indians from, in consequence of invasion by Spaniards Report of Postholder on Spanish priests at Expedition of Fathers to, explained in Spanish depositions B.C. Ap. Ill, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143, 150 B.C. Ap. Ill, 183 V.C. II, 179 B C.A. III, 175 V.C. II, 176 Capuchin raid on post at, reported by Director-General Described by Postholder Certificate given by Fathers to the Post- holder Protest by Court of Policy against Letter of Garriga justifying, on the ground of recovering Mission Indians Declared by Commandant, to be authorised Garriga doubts missionary right to penetrate into Spanish judicial proceedings as to the raid Raid on, not authorised by Spanish passport Existence of Dutch Post recognized in Spanish depositions Steps taken by the Company on hearing of raid on Raid on, included in Remonstrance " Iucontestably belonged to Dutch terri tory" (Remonstrance) Director-General reports rumour of in tended second Spanish raid on Proclamation as to sale of plantation at . . Post in, admitted by Centurion Capuchin raid on, explained by Centurion Authority exceeded. . Post enabled Dutch to follow slave deserters into Orinoco B.C.C, 92 B.C, Ap. Ill, 176 V.C, 143 B.C. Ap. IV, 6 V.C II, 183 B.C. Ap. IV. 12 V.C. II, 190 V.C. II, 184-85 B.C. Ap. IV, 48, 49, 52, 55, 58, 59, 65 V.C. II, 368 B.C. Ap. IV, 5-8 B.C. Ap. IV, 8-9 B.C. Ap. IV, 9 B.C. Ap. IV, 12 B.C. Ap. IV, 19-24 B.C. Ap. IV, 20 B.C. Ap. IV, 23 B.C. Ap. IV, 46-69 B.C. Ap. IV, 55, 59 B.C. Ap. IV, 48,51,54,58, 61, 64 B.C. Ap. IV, 18, 19 B.C. Ap. IV, 30 V.C II, 199 B.C Ap. IV, 30 B.C Ap. IV, 42 B.C. Ap. IV, 39 B.C. Ap. IV, 70 B.C. Ap. IV, 71, 72 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B.C. Ap. IV, 74 263 Moruka River.] Moruka River — continued. 1770 1771 1772 1774 1775 1776 17771778 (193) 1779 Slaves and Indians, taken from the Moruka by the Spanish raiders, escape and return Private estate of 2,000 acres at, sold Director-General alludes to the 600 or 700 Indians formerly stationed at, but driven away by the unauthorized attacks of the Spaniards Their former efficiency in catching runa ways Director-General receives chart of the Surveyor Bouwman, including the Moruka / Real situation of Post shown to be far up the river Full command of inland itaboes by Mentioned as close to the River Orinoco . Danger from Spaniards in . , Forty Spaniards visit the river, kidnapping or killing the free Indians Kidnapping raid by the Spaniard Mateo Spanish raiders claim the Moruka Resolution of States General as to raid upon Spanish Government promise inqui'-y as to raid on Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber on news of raid on Post of, said to be " on the frontier" Question of military Post at Inconvenience of situation of Post, six hours' journey up the river, to intercept deserters Inquiry by the Company as to better means of communicating with The river visited by Inciarte Treated by Inciarte as in possession of the Dutch Claimed as Dutch by Postholder of Moruka Inciarte's suggestion of a Spanish village Postholder reports Spaniards (Inciarte ?) in Pomeroon Clearing on old site for new Post . . 3 X B 0. Ap. IV, 76 B.C, 56 B.C. Ap. IV, 82, 101 V.C. 11,218 V.A. II, 408-9 B.C, 93 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 V.C, 134 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 B.C. Ap. IV, 103 V.C II, 219 B.C. Ap. IV, 104 V.C II, 219-20 B.C. Ap. IV, 104 V.C II, 220 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 V.C. II, 218 B.C. Ap. IV, 101 V.C. II, 219 B.C. Ap. IV, 127 V.C. II, 222 B.C. Ap. IV, 137 V.C II, 228 B.C. Ap. IV, 138 B.C Ap. IV, 132, 133 B.C. Ap. IV, 135, 130 B.C. Ap. IV, 140-2 V.C II, 229-30 B.C. Ap. IV, 184 B.C. Ap. IV, 193 V.C. II, 234 B.C. Ap. IV, 194 B.C. Ap. IV, 205 V.C, 146 B.CC. Ap, 228-231, 251-2 B.A, 16 B.C.C. Ap, 229, 255 B.C. Ap. V, 20 B.CC. Ap, 251,2 B.C Ap. IV, 207 B.C. Ap. IV, 207, 208 Moruka River.] 264 Moruka River — continued. 1780 Royal order as to proposed Spanish fort at B.C. Ap. IV, 214 V.C II, 439 Inciarte ordered to displace Dutch in B.C. Ap. IV, 212 Inciarte ordered to build Spanish Posts . . B.C. Ap. IV, 212 1781 j Called most northern outpost by Pinckard V.C, 127n 1783 Murder of Indian in, dealt with by Dutch Court of Justice B.C, 86 B.C. Ap. V, 5-6 Said by Inciarte to be abandoned by the Dutch B.C. Ap. V, 18 V.C. II, 440 i Spanish Post in Moruka again recommended by Inciarte B.C. Ap. V, 20 B.C.C, 93 B.A,, 17 1784 Suggested Spanish Post condemned by Saavedra B.C. Ap. V, 21 B.C.C, 93 1785 Memorial as to value of Moruka for planta tions B.C. Ap V, 34 V.C. II, 241 Resolution by Court of Policy as to recon struction of Post on the abandoned land of Beissenteufel B.C. Ap. V, 28 Instructions to Postholder at B.C., 89 B.C. Ap. V, 29 1786 1787 Strengthening of, approved by West India Company B.C. Ap. V, 50 1788 Postholder pursues runaway slaves B.C. Ap. V, 70 1 1789 Proposal to protect the river by armed boats V.C. II, 242-3 ( Passport given to Indian to visit . . B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. V, 73 1790 Spaniards said to take Indians from B.C. Ap. V, 79 V.C. II, 243 1791 Land grants by Court of Justice B.C.C. Ap, 381 B.A, 36 1793 Timber-cutting forbidden on the State possessions near B.C.C. Ap, 258 Passport given to Indian to buy corials beyond B.C. Ap. V, 145 1794 Described by Van Grovestins B.C. Ap. V, 147 Mentioned as boundary by Grovestins . . B.C. Ap. V, 145 V.C. II, 248 V Caribs of, quarrel with Caribs of Tupuquen B.C. Ap. V, 156 Provision gardens ordered to be made at B.C. Ap. V, 152 Svstem of employment of Indians at the 'Post B.C, 96 B.C. Ap. V, 147-8 1797 Spanish attack on Moruka ; repulsed by British troops and colonists B.C, 62 B.C. Ap. V, 168-9 V.C, 127n Postholder of Moruka ordered by Governor of Essequibo to give up Indian woman B.C. Ap. V, 169 Cultivation extending to . . B.C, 17 Moruka River.] 265 Moruka River —continued. 1797 17991802 1803 1804 1805 1807 18081810 18131815 1816 1823 1834 1837 1838 1839 British frontier guard at. . Reinforcement of garrison at Post of, said to have been left in ruins by the English Called the Post of Orinoco Military Postholder appointed at . . British vessels suggested for, by Spanish Governor Called by Myers the most distant military Post Considered boundary by the Spaniards Post moved for better communication with Indians Payments and presents to Indians of, employed in Bush expedition Petition from Colonists for an armed schooner to be placed at Moruka Annual payments to Indians Postholder and Indians effectively employed in negro revolt Centre for enrolling Indians Government medical officer at Arawaks from Orinoco settled on, under protection of British Government Stated by Colonel St. Clair to be boundary Visit of Postholder Tonge Population of Spanish Arawaks im . Fertility of soil Grant on to Sheriff, Protector of Indians, and others, for Santa Rosa Mission Inquiry into murder among Warows at . . St. Rosa Mission first started uuder Abbe Hermant British Missions on Moruka discussed The river visited magisterially by Supt. Crichton Trade with Orinoco through Moruka Sir H. Light on Visits to, by Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks B.C Ap. V, 165 V.C.C, 52 B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C. II, 254 V.C. II, 254 B.C, 63 B.C Ap. V, 183 B.C, 63 B.C. Ap. V, 184 B.C. Ap. V, 186 V.C, 164 B.C. Ap.V, 186 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. V, 187 B.C.C. Ap, 263 B.C. Ap. V, 190 B.C. Ap. V, 196 B.C, 106 B.C. Ap. V, 217 V.C, 165 B.C. Ap. VI, 2 B.A, 37 B.C, 107 R.C. Ap. VI, 5 B.C. Ap. VI, 23 V.C, 166 V.C III, 402 B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C Ap. VI, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 52 B.C, 64 B.C. Ap. VI, 54 B.C, 102 B.C. Ap. VI, 58-9 B.C Ap. VI, 62 V.A. II, 696-8 B.CC. Ap, 283, 4 B.C.C Ap, 284 V.C, 167 V.CC. Ill, 177 B.C. Ap. VI, 68, 81 Moruka River.] 266 Moruka River — continued. 1839 1840 1841 1843 1844 1845 1847 Mouth of Moruka suggested aS most suitable site for Post (then at Pomeroon mouth) Pomeroon The river visited by Roman Catholic Bishop Crichton on character of land between Moruka and Waini James Campbell conditionally permitted to occupy Crown land at mouth of Moruka State of Mission of St. Rosa The river visited by Superintendent King Threatened incursion of negroes Superintendent visits Moruka, and acts magisterially Officially visited by Postholder Second land grant on, to Roman Catholic Bishop, for Santa Rosa Mission Starting point of Fortique's line Officially visited by Superintendent King. . Superintendent reports small-pox in Inoculation against small-pox by British medical officer Use of, by Orinoko traders. . Custom house at, advised Used as highway from Orinoco to Essequibo Duties levied on traders from Orinoco through Traders from Orinoko use, paying duty . . Indians of Moruka render excellent service as labourers in Pomeroon and Essequibo River Caribs of, clear hill (Waramuri) for mission Officially visited by Postholder McClintock Schomburgk on Venezuelan confusion of Manawarin and Moruka Proposed by Lord Aberdeen as British limit Waramuri Mission established British Missions on Moruka discussed Traders from Orinoco use, paying duty . . Traders from Orinoco use, paying duty McClintock petitions for house on Moruka to supervise the passing traders from Orinoco Indians of Moruka subscribe for relief of Scotch and Irish B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 69 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 68 B.C Ap. VI, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C.C. Ap, 290 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 92, 96 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C, 64 B.C. Ap. VI, 93 V.C, 203 B.C. Ap. VI, 112 B.C. Ap. VI, 114 B.C.C. Ap, 295 B.C. Ap. VI, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 126 B.C. Ap. VI, 127-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 129, 131, 136 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 135 B.C. Ap. VII, 60 V.C, 208 B.A, 37 V.A. II, 696-8 B.C. Ap. VI, 139, 140 B.C.C. Ap, 299 B.C. Ap. VI, 149, 150 B.C. Ap. VI, 148 Moruka River— Munster.] 267 Moruka River— continued. Moschak = Muschak, q.v. Muijt, Pieter de Mullert, Jan Nicholaas Mulligan, Hon. F. . . Munster, Treaty of . 1848 184918501853 1854 1855 1856 18661871 187718801881 1882 1897 Traders from Orinoco in Licensed hucksters between Moruka and Orinoco Traders from Orinoco use, paying duties. . Preparations for removal of Post from mouth of Pomeroon to that of Moruka Post transferred to mouth of Moruka Rumoured attack by Akawois of Barama on Caribs of Moruka; action by Superintendent Used by traders from Orinoko, having to pay duties Alleged abandonment of, by British British residents on . . Eager loyalty of Indians to British Visit of Governor Sir Francis Hincks to . . (193) 17681769 -71 1781 1783 1887 Remains and traditions of Dutch buildings B.C. Ap. VI, 211 on, at Owyebarri, Parakees, Akweeru, Pasanali, Mariaba, Waramuri, and at the mouth B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C.C. Ap, 300 B.C.C Ap, 300 B.C. Ap. VI, 174, 177 B.C. Ap, VI, 185 B.C. Ap. VI, 193 B.C. Ap. VI, 195 B.C. Ap. VI, 199 V.A. II, 676 B.C Ap. VI, 201 B.C. Ap. VI, 200 B.C.C. Ap, 310 McClintock on importance of Moruka district to British Attempts of Venezuelans to lure Arawaks of Moruka to Orinoco Proposal of Rojas to draw boundary from mouth of Proposal refused by Lord Granville Country beyond unknown .. .« Indian tradition of Dutch people . . Traces of Dutch residents Bijlegger at Mahaicony Postholder at Mahaicony With the Spanish pirate Mateo Beltran, ravaging the Essequibo coast Enquiry by Court of Justice into murder of, by Indians, at Wakepo (Moruka) Speech by, on the boundary Terms of Articles of . . 3 Y B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C. Ap. VI, 216 B.C. Ap. VII, 97 V.C. Ill, 218, 219 V.C, 210 V.C. Ill, 219, 220 V.C. Ill, 412' B.C. Ap. VII, 223-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 223-4 B.C. Ap. VII, 166 B.C Ap. VII, 167- B.C Ap. IV, 218 B.C. Ap. V, 58 V.C, 184-6n B.C, 26 B.C. Ap. I, 133 Munster; Treaty of.] 26K Munster — continued 1632 1633 1645 -48 1645 1646 Early proposals for peace .. Suggestion of the States General — That the East and West India Companies shall, in accordance with their Charters, continue their trade both to the places now frequented by them and all others View of provincial States — That the 4th Article of the Twelve Years' Truce be maintained as regards the East. Indies and the status quo in the West Twelve Years' Truce to be taken as basis, except that the Dutch propose that — (J ) East India trade to follow the actual practice during the truce (in contra vention of Article 4). (2) West India trade to enjoy status quo. Spaniards agree to take Twelve Years' Truce as basis ; Neither for money promises ought we nor any other to abandon the Company of the West Indies. East India Company also to be consulted " Spanish resolution to Dutch at any price make peace with Dutch draft proposals agreed to . . Commencement of Negotiations Considerations for the purpose of negotia tion presented by the West India Company Requirements of the West India Company — tal Charter to be maintained. (b) Alliances within limits of Charter to be respected. (c) Freedom to trade whenever within the Charter the King of Spain has no castles, jurisdiction, or dominion. (d) Freedom of trade to Dutch ports to be allowed to Spain cnly on reciprocal conditions. Instructions of the States General to their' Plenipotentiaries at Munster Clause as to trade taken straight from the Twelve Years' Truce Trade with the Indies. Earliest form of instruction simply that the navigation and traffic with both the Indies should be maintained Dutch deputies reach Munster Jan. Opening of Formal Negotiations Spaniards propose treaty based on the Truce of 1609 May 28. The last plank which remained to Spain by which to arrive in harbour May 28. Attitude of France produced great anxiety on part of Spaniards for peace .vith the Dutch June. Opinion of .Marquis de Leganes, Member of the Spanish Council, that m the difficult state of Spanish affairs it was indispensable to comply with Dutch claim to treat as an independent nation B.C.C. Ap, 325 B.CC. Ap, 325 B.C.C. Ap, 325 B.C.CV.CC. B.C.C. B.C.C, 45 B.C.C. Ap, 325 B.C.C. Ap, 326 B.C.C, 47 B.C.C, 46, 48 B.C.C. Ap, 326 V.C.C. II, 4-5 B.C.C. Ap, 326 Ap, 327 II, 5, 6 Ap, 327 B.C.C. Ap, 328 V.C.C. II, 6 Ap, 330 H,7 B.C.C. V.C.C. B.C.C. B.C.C. Ap, 330 Ap, 330 B.CC. Ap, 331 Munster; Treaty of.] 269 Munster— continued. 1646 Oct. Deliberations of States General. Articles VandVI in their first form, the latter providing for complete freedom of trade Oct. 20. Report of Committee of States General on Articles V and VI. Draft of Alternative Article VI, providing for restricted trade if free trade was rejected Dec. 13. Delivery of Articles V and VI (in French) by the Dutch Plenipotentiaries, Article VI delivered in its free trade foim Dec. 13. Treaty of perpetual peace substi tuted by the Dutch for a truce Dec. 13. Articles VandVI in original Frencl form. Article VI being in its strongest (free trade) shape Dec. 14. Reproaches of the Spanish Pleni potentiaries against the Dutch — (i) In requiring perpetual peace on a basis of uti possidetis. (ii) In asking perfect freedom of trade. Dec. 14. Spauish argument that freedom of trade to Spanish possessions could • not be granted Dec. 14. Dutch text of Articles V and VI, handed in Dec: 15. Spanish anxiety to meet the Dutch demands B.C.C. Ap, 332 B.C.C. V.C.C Ap, 333 II, 7 Dec. 15. Spanish negotiators give way as to Brazil, except that the King of Spain should retaiu his rights over all that he had at the beginning of the rebellion Dec. 15. Spaniards decline to permit trade to (their pos-essions iu) the East Indies Dec. 19. Great difficulties as to an agree ment on Articles V and VI Dec. 19. Question of places taken from the Portuguese, and those which might be yet further acquired, one of the last points of difficulty Dec. 20. Portuguese Ambassador ap proaches Dutch Plenipotentiaries, with a view to being included in iheir peace wi'h Spaiu Dec. 24. An approximate agreement reached as regards Articles V and VI Dec. 24. Spain ready to sh.are Brazil perhaps more " and Dec. 24. Spaniards endeavour to obtain a limitati n of the clause providing for future acquisitions by ihe Dutch Dec. 27. Dutch Plenipotentiaiies carry Articles V aud VI as they stand in the Ti eaty, contrary to the previous protesta tions of Spain Dpc 28. Dutch Plenipotentiaries report to States General their great difficulties in " getting the Spanish gentlemen to gradualy glide along." Spanish "dis cussed and weighed almost every word" B.C.C. Ap, 333 B.C.C. Ap, 334 B.C.C. Ap, 334-5 B.C.C. Ap, 335 B.C.C. V.C.C Ap, 336 II, 8 B.C.C. Ap, 336-7 B.C.C. Ap, 337 B.C.C Ap, 337 B.CC. B.CC.B.CC. Ap, 337 Ap, 338 Ap, 338 B.C.C. Ap, 339 B.C.C. Ap, 339 B.C.C. Ap, 339 B.C C Ap , 340 B.C.C. Ap, 341 B.CC. Ap, 341 Munster; Treaty of.] 270 Munster— continued. 1646 Despatch to Mazarin on meaning of Article VI 1647 1648 Jan. 8. Trial acceptance of the Draft Treaty by the Plenipotentiaries on each side May 29. Count de Monte Ray, voting on the Draft Treaty, considers that nearly all Spain's essential points had been given UP May 29. Opinion of Count de Monte Rej . The important point is to press on the peace with Holland May 29. Desperate condition of Spain as between Holland, France and Portugal May 29. Vote of Marquess de Mirabel. France and Portugal cannot be trusted. AVhat is " above all desirable is the con clusion of peace with Holland," for this " the utmost efforts should be made " May 29. Vote of Marquess de Mirabel. Peace with the Dutch should be obtained even at the price of further concessions Oct. 28. Vote of Council of State. Peace with Holland to be arranged at any price Oct. 28. Great object for Spain to separate the Dutch from the French Oct. 28. Count de Penaranda's action as Spanish plenipotentiary approved gene rally Oct. 28. Opinion of Council of State (Span ish) that the Prince of Orange must be won over Marquis de Castel Rodrigo, Spanish Am bassador in Flanders during negotiations Oct. 28. Vote of Council of State. Hesitates at no means of concluding the peace with Holland Oct. 28. Opinion of Don Francisco de Pelo. It should be made clear to Count de Peiiaranda that he must push on the peace with Holland, tolerating their new points and winning at any price and risk the actual conclusion of peace Nov. 15. Count de Monte Rey again urges concession to the Dutch to any extent Nov. 15. A concession made in order to obtain peace caunot be appealed to after wards, even though peace has not been made Nov. 1 5. King of Spain decides that peace negotiations must proceed, and that the first step is to obtain peace with the Dutch at any cost Jan. 30. Art. V— Charters of E. & W. I. Co.'s to be maintained Art. V. — All peoples within the charter limits in alliance with Dutch included in treatv V.C.C. II, 9-10, 15 B.C.C. Ap, 342 B.C.C. Ap, 342 B.C.C. Ap, 343 B.C.C. Ap, 342-3 B.C.C. Ap, 345 B.C.C. Ap, 345 B.C.C. Ap, 345 B.C.C. Ap. 346, 347 B.C.C. Ap, 346-7 B.C.C. Ap, 347 B.C.C. Ap, 347 B.C.C. Ap, 318 B.C.C. Ap, 349 B.C.C Ap, 349 B.C.C. Ap, 349 B.C.C. Ap, 351 B.C.C. Ap, 351 B.C C. Ap, 351 Munster ; Treaty of.] 271 Munster — continued. 1648 1660 1662 1664 1674 1676 1688 1714 1719 (193) 1726 Art. V. — Adopts the uti possidetis every where with special provisions in favour of Dutch (a) They should be considered as hold ing everything which the Portu guese had taken from them since 1641 (b) They should also be able to acquire fresh places so long as there was no breach of the treaty Art. V.- — Spaniards prohibited from extend ing any further in the East Indies. Dutch restrained from frequenting Span ish ports in the East Indies Art. VI. — Spaniards and Dutch reciprocally forbidden to trade in places actually in possession of the other parties. Places taken by Portuguese from the Dutch since 1641 considered to be Dutch for purpose of this article Latin version. . Articles agreed to in the French text French and Dutch versions of equal authority Copies of the Treaty forwarded by States General to Dutch representatives abroad Alleged recognition by the Treaty of Papal Bull Effect of, stated in document as to New Netherlands Spanish complaints of breach of Pomeroon not mentioned Effect of, formally published by States General Explained in charter of New Netherland . . Clause recited in W.I. Company's charter Not appealed to by Spain in view of new Dutch colonies Not appealed to re Pomeroon, when appealed to re Darieu Adhered to by States General Basis of Treaty of Utrecht . Basnage on . . .4 Basnage s Commentary, in Arts. V and VI. (a) Trade of the Indies (b) Dutch power of extension far and wide in America, and especially in Brazil Trade with the Indies. Basnage explains that the Dutch demanded entirely free trade, but conceded reciprocal restriction as regards places in possession of each party Dutch rights of extension. Basnage maintains the view that it was absolute and unlimited Basnage cited by Burr 3 Z B.C.C. Ap, 351-2 B.C.C. Ap, 352 B.C.C Ap, 352 B.C.C. Ap, 352-3 B.C.C. Ap, 342 V.C.C. II, 1 V.C.C. II, 4 V.A. II, xxxiv V.C. Ill, 367 V.A, 312 B.CC, 49 B.C.C, 49 B.C. Ap. I, 151 B.C Ap. 1, 175 B.C.C, 50 B.CC, 51 B.C. Ap. I, 205 V.CC. II, 13 B.C. Ap. I, 209 B.C Ap. I, 245 B.CC, 51 B.C.C Ap, 358 B.C.C Ap, 358 B.C.C. Ap, 358 V.C.C. II, 14 272 Munster ; Treaty of — Myers.] Munster — continued. 1743 1761 1786 1844 1886 Mura, Creek of = Mora Passage, q.v. Murawa Murillo, General Murray, John, Governor . MurukuiMuschak, Jacob Frederick. 1887 i S. Urbaneja on effect of 1893 Sefior Michelena on occupation at date of treaty of Effect of, discussed Stated to have been a cession to Spain . . Venezuelan Argument on Articles V and VI Carib Chief from Upper Essequibo (1814), entertained by Widow Pieters on behalf of Colony Undiscovered map by, quoted by Bauza as authority for position of Spanish Post on Cuyuni Muster Rolls of Colony of Essequibo Mutanambo River, tribu tary of Curumo Myers, Lieutenant-Governor The Marquis de Torrenueva on Articles V and VI Reference to supposed permission to English to take salt from Tortuga Solano's views on the Treaty Spanish exposition of — cites despatch to Mazarin S. Fortique on effect of Lord Aberdeen's view as to effect of S. Calcano on effect of 1817 1741 ¦5 1749 55- 1758 1691 1691- 1786 1774 Takes measures to deal with Spanish Arawaks arriving from Orinoco Ackawoi Captain of Massaruni Appears in Company's muster roll as " miner " Postholder of Arinda Dealings in slaves on Upper Essequibo Earliest extant Extracts from Ordered by the Company to be kept in new form B.C. Ap. II, 41 B.C Ap. II, 203 B.C. Ap. II, 204 V.C.C. 11,14, 15 B.C, 123 B.CAp. VII, 87 B.C. Ap. VII, 89 B.C. Ap. VII, 92 B.C. Ap. VII, 123 V.C. II, 300 V.A. II, xxxiv-xxxviii V.A, 281 V.A, 292-307 B.C. Ap. VI, 4 B.C.C, 100 B.C.C. Atlas, 5 V.C.C. Atlas, 17 B.C. Ap. VI, 7, 8 B.C Ap. VII, 227 B.C. Ap. VII, 160 B.C. Ap. II, 65, 88; VII, 161-2 B.C.C. Ap, 198 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. VII, 149-175 V.C. II, 67, 70 B.C. Ap. VII, 168 1758 de la Garriga refers to, as navigable, and a channel by which the Dutch traders reach the mission area Position of, relative to Curumo 1804 Memorandum on colony by B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C, 42 B.C. Ap. V, 186 V.C. 164 273 Naha — Negotiations . | N. Naha, Shield Game of, Warows Neebrowari, Warow Indian, Amakuru River Negotiations as to boundary 1841 1866? 1841 1841-81 1844 1850 18581858 -76 1876 1877 1879 18801881 1883 Schomburgk on Before Governor Hincks at Waramuri by dementis Sons Declaration of . . Commencement of, as to boundary Schomburgk line, how referred to in First Venezuelan claim to Essequibo as boundary Grounds relied on . . (a) Discovery by Spain of the New World (b) Exploration by Spain between Essequibo and Orinoco (c) Denial of Dutch posses sions, in 1648, west of Essequibo Lord Aberdeen's reply to Venezuelan claim Proposal by Lord Aberdeen Arrangement between Great Britain anc Venezuela British endeavour to re-open Civil disturbances in Venezuela prevent consideration of the question Senor Calcano's proposal Senor de Rojas' proposal . . Note of Senor de Rojas to Lord Salisbury B.C, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 95 Lord Salisbury's reply to Senor de Rojas. . Senor de Rojas' proposal of a frontier line Lord Granville's reply to Senor de Roja; declining proposal Despatch by Lord Granville . . Constitutional bar to boundary, i: Venezuela Arbitration proposed B.C. Ap. VII, 21 B.C. Ap. VII, 212-13 B.C. Ap. VII, 220 B.C, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 72 B.C, 144-5 B.C, 123 B.C. Ap. VII, 86 B.C, 123 B.C, 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 88 B.C, 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 90 B.C, 125 B.C. Ap. VII, 186- B.C, 126 B.C, 126 B.C, 126 B.C Ap. VII, 90 B.C, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 94 B.C, 127 B.C Ap. VII, 96 B.C.. 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 93 B.C, 128 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 B.C, 128 B.C Ap. VII, 102 B.C, 129 B.C Ap. VII, 105 P C, 129 B.C Ap. VII, 106 274 Negotiations— Negroes.] Negotiations — continued. Negroes. See also under Slaves, Negro, and Negro Traders. 1884 1885 1887 1890 -3 1890 1706 1760 17631772 1810 1813 1821 1823 1834 1838 General Guzman Blanco's proposal for a Court of Jurists Arbitration Clause proposed in Treaty of Commerce Lord Granville's reply to General Guzman Blanco Lord Rosebery's proposal . . , . As to erection of a Venezuelan lighthouse on Point Barima General Guzman Blanco claims the Essequibo Territory in dispute, alleged by Venezuela to begin east of Pomeroon Arguments of Senor Urbaneja Lord Salisbury's reply to Senor Urbaneja Diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Venezuela broken off For renewal of diplomatic relations British Memorandum Great Britain offers arbitration as to all west of the Schomburgk line Dutch negro deserters recaptured in Spanish-Portuguese design, very secret, to encourage the " bush negroes " against the Dutch Area in interior occupied by Bush negroes Revolt of, in Essequibo Caribs and Akawois employed against rebel negroes in Essequibo Indians employed against Bush negroes Revolt of negroes checked by use of Indians " Bush negroes '' in Macouria Creek (Essequibo) Bush expeditions against Emancipation reported to be passing off quietly in Pomeroon Disputes as to right of cultivation in Pomeroon by emancipated negroes Allegation as to emancipated negroes residing in Indian reserve refuted by Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks B.C, 129 B.C. Ap. VII, 107 B.C, 129-30 B.C. Ap. VII, 109 B.C, 129 . B.C. Ap. VII, 108 B.C, 131 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 B.C. Atlas, 4 B.C, 132 B.C. Ap. VII, 119, 122-5 B.C, 131 B.C, 132 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 B.C, 132 B.C. Ap. VII, 122 B.C, 133 B.C. Ap. VII, 132 B.C, 132 B.CA. VII, 132 B.C, 133 B.C, 133 B.CAp. VII, 137 B.C, 134 B.C. Ap. I, 229 B.C. Ap. II, 132 B.C.C. Ap, 205-6 B.C.C. Ap, 206 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. IV, 104-5 B.C.C. Ap, 266 B.C. 106 B.C. Ap. V, 217 V.C, 165 B.C. Ap.VI, 19 B.C, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 26 B.C Ap. VI, 56 B.C.C. Ap, 285 B.C. Ap. VI, 77 275 Negroes— New Netherlands.] Negroes — continued. Negro Traders Negro, Rio . . Nelis, Diedrik Neuman, Johannes . , New Middelburgh New Netherlands 1840 1856 1691 -4 1700 -9 1753 1753 -4 1765 1767 -74 1769 1752 1755 ; -< 1758 1658 1659 '1660 -1 1663 1664 1669 Dispute in Pomeroon as to cultivation of land by emancipated negroes Purchase of land in Pomeroon by emanci pated negroes Revolt of Employed by the Dutch up the Rivers Jan and Samuel Staffelson as Trib. of Amazon Communication from Orinoco to Amazon by Iturriaga to visit Postholder at Mahaicony Mentioned as returning from Barima Postholder at Moruka Report of, as Postholder Assistant Postholder at Mahaicony Postholder at Cuyuni Late Postholder of Arinda, discharged and sent home Founded on Pomeroon Earliest letter from Commandeur of Earliest mention in minutes of Middelburg, Flushing, and Vere B.C.C. Ap, 290-1 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C, 14 B.C. Ap. VII, 150-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 151-5 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C Ap. II, 86 B.C. Ap. II, 86-89 B.C. Ap. VII, 162 B.C. Ap. Ill, 127 B.CAp. 166-8, 176 B.C. Ap. IV, 8 V.C. II, 185 B.C. Ap. VII, 161 B.C. Ap. II, 130,VII,162-3 B.C. Ap. II, 139 B.C, 13, 27 B.C, 27 B.C.. 27 Letter of Commandeur from In Pomeroon, letters dated from .. | B.C Ap. 1,148 . . B.CC. Ap, 32-3 Letter to W. I. Co. dated from, by Commau- j B.CC. Ap, 34-42 deur of Pomeroon Tbe chief place of the district of Nova Zeelandia on the West Coast Commandeur of, Theodoras Saal Prosperity of, recorded in Spanish docu ments B.C.C. Ap, 43 B.C.C Ap., 43 B.C, 28 Great prosperity of, mentioned by Byam. . \ B.C, 27 166416651755 Statement of Controversy as to . Charter of . . ,. | V.A. 222 . . IB.C Ap. 1, 150 (193) Treaty of Munster appealed to with \ B.C.C, 49 reference to Statement of Dutch Government as to V.C.C. II, 26 jurisdiction of W. I. Co. in Reference to a boundary between this and B.C. Ap. II, 102 New England 4 A 276 Nistal— Nova Zeelandia.] Nistal, Fray Francisco, of Franciscan Missions Nootka Sound Norie, T. W. (Geographer) North- West District 1752 1790 1844 Implores further aid from King of Spain B.C.C. Ap, 197 against Hie Caribs and their Dutch and French allies Controversy regarding S. Fortique's reference to . . I 1876 I S. Calcano's reference to . . Present control of British in Settlers of British origin in Barima and Aruka 1886 1886 -7 1886 1886 -7 1887 Nova Zeelandia 1890 -8 1890 1891 1892 1893 18951897 1658 Proposal that the squatters in, should now be given grants Suggested scheme for administration of . . Magistrate of Pomeroon should reside for part of the year in Regularization of excise in. . Improvement of inland waterway from Pomeroon to To station British police in. . Increase of settlers in Influx to, of East Indian (British) in dentured labourers Population almost entirely of British origin British magisterial work in. . British prospection for gold in Barima and Amakuru proposed Rapid development to Amakuru reported Venezuelan trading schooner in . . Mouey expended on. . Condition of . . Proclaimed a Separate Fiscal District Established as an Administrative District to comprise basins of Waini, Barama and Barima R, and extending to Amakuru. . Estimated population of Census of Condition of . . Condition of . . Rodway on the progress of Condition of . . im Thurn on Indian tradition of Dutch occupation and rights within ColoDy founded on Wild Coast on (Pomeroon and Moruka) B.C, 151 V.A. II, XVIII B.C. Ap. VII, 87 B.C. Ap. VII, 92 B.A, 49 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 242, 243, 244 B.C. Ap.VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 242 B.C. Ap. VI, 242 B.C. Ap.VI, 241,244 B.C. Ap. VI, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 243 B.C. Ap. VI, 240 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 243-4 B.C. Ap. VI, 243 B.C. Ap. VI, 242 B.C.C, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 317 B.C.C. Ap.. 411 B.C.C, 118 B.C, 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 B.C.C, 117 B.C, 78 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 ?B.CC, 117 V.C, 193 V.C. Ill, 178-9, 322 B.C.C, 119-20 B.C.C, 121 V.C III, 348 B.C.C, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C, 13, 27 B.C Ap. I, 146 V.C II, 34 Nova Zeelandia— Occupation.] 277 Nova Zeelandia — continued. Nueva Providencia Ocaboh — flocaba (Barima ll.)q.V. Occupation 1659 -60 1659 1659 -60 1664 1665 1686 1858 1648 -74 Scheme for financing, by the three Walcheren cities Colony of, conditions of . . Flourishing state of ; 42 plantations in . . Sugar mills at The district of Nova Zeelandia on the Wild Coast of America Described by Byam Report on . . Foundation of, by Venezuela, as breach of arrangement of 1850 Formal, Queen Elizabeth on " Effective occupation," views of writers as tc Extent of occupation, views of writers as tc Of territory discovered by others . . Of part of a tract, effects of Discussion as to limits of, in new countries Instances as to sufficiency of, in new countries In Guiana to be governed by the law and usage of the 16th and 17th centuries Venezuelan contention as to respective Spanish and Dutch occupation Dutch occupation, Venezuelan statements as to, examined By Dutch. Venezuelan argument that Dutch occupation is to be treated as in derogation of prior Spanish title Venezuelan denial cf Dutch formal occupa tion west of Moruka Sojourning of Dutch slave-traders distin guished from Absence of actual occupation by Dutch above Falls alleged to be virtually ad mitted by Great Britain Of Essequibo by Dutch before 1621 denied B.C.C. Ap, 31 B.C.C. Ap, 29 B.C.C. Ap., 31 B.C.C. Ap, 31 B.C.C. Ap, 43 B.C. Ap. I, 167 B.C. Ap. I, 190 V.C. II, 54 B.C, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 143, 5 B.C.C, 44 B.C, 154-5 B.C, 157 B.C, 153-4 V.A, 206 V.A, 220 V.A, 216 V.A, 232 V.C, 230 B.C.C, 53 V.C, 84 V.C.C, 35 V.C.C, 32 V.C.C, 43 V.C.C, 32 V.C.C, 39 Occupation — Old Guayana.] 278 Occupation — continued. Oene Creek. . Ojeda, Alonzo de Olazarra, Don Juse , 16091648 1764 1587- 1650 1650 1703, 1722 1746 1763 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1499 1502 Right of Dutch to occupy, recognized by Truce Extent of Dutch occupation before Right of Dutch to occupy, recognized by Treaty of Munster Up the rivers, Storm describes as small . . Venezuelan point that no British occupation is alleged till after 1850 British coast surveys denied to be act of. . By Spanish. Extent of . . . . Early Spanish relied on (in 1844) by Venezuela Formal occupation by Domingo de Vera of " Guayana " Territory void of, known to geographers as Caribana (Mallet-Prevost) Western limit of Spanish occupation shown by Sanson line (Mallet-Prevost) Delisle line shows what Spaiu had title to by occupation (Mallet-Prevost) West of Essequibo mouth. . Dutch land grant in 500 acres granted west from 1,000 acres granted west from Three grants in the Creek. . Survey to be made at Oene Two grants in the Creek . . Spuuiards said to set the boundary as far as Plantations below (i.e. west from) Said to be claimed by Spaniards . . ? First sighted Guiana Limited achievements of . . Voyage of, to Guiana B.A.. 4 B.C.C, 35 B.A, 4 V.C, 108 V.C.C, 32 V.C.C, 32 1520 i Settlement by, at Cumana . . , ^ ,1812 Report on settlement schemes, and minutes thereon 1813 Report on Province of Guiana B.A, 9 B.C, 123 V.C, 38 B.CC, 29 V.C.C. II, 270-273, 230 V.C.C. II, 280 V.C.C II, 287, 289 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C Ap. VII, 193 B.C. Ap. VII, 198 B.C. Ap. VII, 199 B.C. Ap. VII, 199 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. VII, 200 B.C. Ap. IV, 42, 45 V.C. II, 214 V.C II, 215 V.A, 549 B.C. Ap. IV, 45 V.C. II, 215 B.C, 20 B.C.C, 29 V.A, 178 V.C, 36 V.C III, 421-424 B.C Ap. V, 205 B.A, 16, 18 Old Guayana " = S. Thome, q.v. Old Post— Orinoco.] 2T9 " Old Post " on Moruka . . Oleaga, Don Andres de O'Leary. See under Diplomacy. Olmedilla. See under Cruz Cano. Olney. See under Treaty of Arbitration. Onoro River (or Onororo), toward source of Essequibo Onorerama Orange, Cape Orange, Prime of . . Oraparene . . Orawary Creek Ordaz, Diego de 18341769 1843 1790 1676 1769 Oregon Territory rellana Oriane dye. See under Trade Oriense, Bishop of . . Orinoco Delta Spanish Arawak settlement Certificate of Spanish confiscations from smugglers under regime of Centurion Visited by Schomburgk De la Puente reports rumoured Dutch Post at* Proposed colony at . . Letter to W.I. Co. as to bringing Spanish raids before States General 1755 A Carib chief of Caroni R. . . The Director-General writes that the Spaniards " now have taken complete possession of the Creek Orawary," or, in another version, Iruwary,z.e., the Yuruari 1530 1530 -1 1826 1549 1840 Orinoco, Delta Region . . Orinoco, Federal Territory of Delta of 1847 1750 1884 Span sh colonizing charter to Grant to, only acted on by exploration of the channel of the Orinoco Orinoco ascended by Boundary question . . Voyage of, to Guiana Receives grant on Moruka for S. Rosa Mission Formation and limits of, defined , . Andres Level on Description of (Spanish Official Report) . . Extent of, according' to Venezuelan Case . . Extent of, according to the British Case . . Geographic unity of, alleged Political indivisibility of, alleged Moruka and, alleged slight actual com munication between First proclaimed by Venezuelan Govern ment Grant of, by Venezuelan Government to Manoa Company B.C. Ap. VI, 53 V.C, 137n V.C II, 300-8 B.C Ap. VII, 54 B.C. Ap. V, 75 B.C. Ap. I, 176 V.C.C , 48 B.C. Ap. IV, 25, 26 B.C. Ap. II, 110, 111 B.CAp. II, 119 V.C. II, 1 19 V.C, 37 V.A, I B.C.C, 29 B.C, 20 V.C, 37 V.A. I, 179 B.C, 153 V.A. II, 723, 741-3 V.A, 179 B.CAp. II, 14 B.C, 64 B.C Ap. VI, 93 B.C, 8, 11 B.C. Ap. VII, 242 B.C. Ap. VI, 162 B.C.C. Ap, 190. 1 V.C, 14-16 B.C.C, 6, 7, 11, 12 V.C, 14-17 V.C, 18 B.CC, 12 V.C, 27 jB.C Ap. VI, 223 IiIB.C. Ap. VI, 220 (193) * Cf. Indian tradition of l'osi at Vyevaino, B.C. Ap. VII, 2'M. 4 B 280 Orinoco— Orinoco Eiver.] Orinoco, Pilotage of. Set under Pilot Service. Orinoco River B.C. Atlas, I Geographical. j Tributaries of, in disputed territory Alleged separation of Moruka-Pomeroon region from Barima and Morawhana alleged to be a mouth of Importance of river, authors cited as to Importance of, to Venezuela, statements of British statesmen on Historical. Dutch and Carib strength on Dutch fishery in Mention of, in early Dutch sailing regula tions. [Burr.] A s boundary under Dutch Charters. [Burr.] Alleged Spanish control from Early Spanish action confined to . . Spanish strength in, claimed as continuous Acts of Spanish control attributed to Lower Orinoco 1499 1530 -1 1530 1531 1537 1582 15931594 1595 Alleged entry of, by lieutenants of 1 Columbus Ascended by Ordaz Alleged settlement by Acosta at the mouth of (i.e., at " Parema") „ Ascended by Cornejo Ascended by Herera Visited by Berrio Berrlo's description of The lower course devastated by Caribs Berrio's description of Visited by Baleigh Raleigh on Spanish influence in . . Report on, by Felipe de Santiago . . 1596 : Visited by Keymis B.C, 8 V.C, 25, 28 V.C, lo V.C, 18, 19 V.C, 22, 24 B.C Ap. Ill, 87 V.C, 138 V.C.C. II, 20, 21 V.C.C. II, 17-28 B.C.C, 29 V.C.C , 59 V.A. II, 533 V.C, 35 B.C, 20 V.C, 37 V.A, 1 B.C. Ap. I, 169 V.C, 37 B.CC, 29 V.C.C. II, 214-5 V.C, 37 B.C, 20 V.C, 37 V.A, 1 V.A, 2 B.C. Ap. I, 5 B.C. Ap. I, 2 B.C Ap. I, 7 B.C. Ap. I, 9 V.C, 45 V.C, 45 B.C. A p. I, 9 V.C. II, 257 j V.C, 45 Crinoco River.] 281 Orinoco River — continued. 1596 j Keymis on Spanish influence in 1597 i Cabeliau trading in . . -8 V.C, 45, 46 B.CAp. I, 19 V.C. IT. 9 1599 1602 160416111612 1615 1620 1621 -48 16211629 1632 1635 1637 1638 16401648 1661 1663 1668 1671 Proposed journey of the Dutchman Van j V.C. II, 12 Penen and others to Closed to Dutch ships V.C, 49 Van Penen's voyage to . . . . . . V.C II, 14 Inhabited by Spaniards, according to V.C, 47 Raleigh Enemies' vessels in, Alguica's report . .: B.C Ap. I, 31 Dutch mentioned as settled between V.C.C. Ill, 0 Maranon and Orinoco Orinoco navigated as far up as the Caroni ! B.C., 22 B.C. Ap. I, 41 Order by King of Spain for annual supply B.C.C Ap, 9 ship to S. Thome Dutch maritime supremacy off, questioned Vianen states Spaniards would oppose Dutch between Amazon and Orinoco S. Thome sacked by Dutch and English . English and Dutch settled in and fortified in the arms aud creeks of Orinoco Trading permitted, under Sailing Regula tions of the States Geueral, westwards of the Orinoco Vessels permitted to sail westwards of . . Dutch waiting in settlements at mouth of The inhabitants of Orinoco in continual alarm of Essequibo S. Thome again sacked, by Dutch and Caribs Described by Maldonado Escovar's complaint that the river had recently been four times raided by Dutch Mouth of, as western limit of West India Company trade monopoly along coast Trade in cattle from Orinoco to Colony of Pomeroon Piedro de Biesma, Governor of, visited by Commandeur of Pomeroon Dutch trade with Spaniards of Named as boundary by Major Scott V.C.C, 18 V.C. II, 17 B.C, 12 B.C. A p. I, 70 B.C. Ap. I, 70, 71 B.CC, 35 B.C. Ap. I, 73 V.C. II, 20 B.C. Ap. I, 75 V.C II, 26 B.C.C, 35 B.C. Ap. I, 7«, «o B.C. AP. I, 80 B.C, 12 B.C. Ap. I, 115, 124 B.CC, 35 B.C. Ap. I, 118 B.C.C. Ap., 15 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 136 V.C. II, 28 B.C.C, 54 B.C.C. Ap, 33 B.C.C Ap,38 3,91, 93. lid. . B.C.C Ap, 38 . IB.C. Ap. I, 170 Aldana reports fortifications so unsati- factory that there is a clanger of the j place being lost B.CC A p., 44 28: Orinoco River.] Orinoco River— continued. 1673 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 16801681 1682 -4 16821683 1684 16841717 1685 1686 16991700 Dutch trade to, under Governor Rol Requests from the Orinoco to the Dutch to trade there Caution of West India Co. as to trade with Governor Rols' courtesy to a certain Spanish nobleman, by way of encour aging trade with the Orinoco The Company encourages trade with Dutch holding chief portion of coast up to West India Co. directs Dutch trade to be kept up iu Trade on, supported by West India Co. . . Dutch wares required for Dutchmen captured on the. . Dutch trade with Dutch trade to, reported bad Resolution of West India Company to con tinue trade with Blockaded by French Dutch trade not very successful . . Dutch trade with, falling off Trade to, disapproved by West India Co. Surinam and French trade in Dutch trade to, stopped by French invasion, with help of Caribs Private Dutch to, forbidden by W. I. Co.. . Spaniards retake . . . . Dutch trade to, stopped by the Company. Dutch trade with, resumed. . Dutch trade from Essequibo to Dutch trade from Essequibo to V.C, 85 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C. II, 36 B.C Ap. I, 176 V.C. II, 36 V.C. II, 36 B.C. Ap. I, 181 V.C. II, 37 B.C. Ap. I, 177 V.C. Ill, 268 B.C Ap. I, 181 B.C. Ap. I. 181 V.C. II, 37 B.C. Ap. I, 182 V.C. II, 38 V.CC. Ill, 13 V.C. II, 39, 40 B.C. Ap. I, 184 V C. II, 42 V.C. II, 41 B.C.C, 60 B.C. Ap. I, 185, 188 V.C II, 43 V.C. II, 42 V.C. II, 46 V.C, 87 V.C. II, 50 B.C Ap. I, 186 V.C, 86 V.C. II, 45 B.C. Ap. I. 187 V.C II, 47 B.C. Ap. I, 246 V.C, 93 V.C. II, 45 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 52 V.C. II, 52 B.C. Ap. I, 200 B.C.C, 62 1701 Trade in direction of, interrupted bv war -14 1701 Dutch trade from Essequibo to B.C.C Ap, 6; 74 B.CAp. I, 219 B.C.C. Ap, 82, 3, 4, 8, 93, 4, 103, 106, 130 B.C.C, 64 B.C Ap. I, 223 B.C.C. Ap, 140, 150 Orinoco River.] 283 Orinoco River — continued. 1701 1712 17141717 1719 Passports to Oriuoco temporarily stopped by Court of Policy Hindrance to Dutch trade in No whites allowed to enter without a pass The river under the power of the Spaniards Under Crown of Spain Form of Dutch passport to . . 1720 1721 55 1723 1724 1726 1727 1728 1731 B.C. Ap. I, 223 V.C, 135 V.C. II, 66 B.C. Ap. I, 234 V.C II, 74 V.C, 94 V.C. II, 73 B.C. Ap. I, 245 V.C, 136 V.C. II, 76 B.C. Ap. I, 247 V.C. II, 78 Dutch passes to, again temporarily stopped Compliiint of Spanish Governor on traders passing fort of Dutch trader arrested in Explored by Jesuits and Civil authorities with view to fortification Fajardo selected for fortification of Traversed, according to Diguja, by foreign ers and Caribs Dutch in higher tributaries of Castle of S. Francis defenceless Dutch trade from, in horses, dye, slaves . . Dutch horse trade with Council of the Indies reports want of defence to prevent the incursions of the Hollanders Tornera reports on necessity of fortifying Dutch trading 100 leagues up (193) B.C, 87 B.C. Ap. I, 251 B.C. Ap. I, 250 B.C. Ap. I, 250 B.C. Ap. I, 250 V.C, 136 B.C. Ap. Ill, 12,84 B B.C. Ap. Ill, 12 B.C. Ap. Ill, 11 B.C. Ap. Ill, 6 B.C Ap. Ill, 11 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 V.C. II, 79 V.C.C. Ill, 19 B.A, 11 B.C. Ap. Ill, 78 B.C Ap. Ill, 78 V.C II, 280 Trade with, by Company Dutch desire Spanish Governor's sanction to trade in Upper Governor of Trinidad tries to stop Dutch trade in Dutch trader seized in Surinam Dutchman killed near, by vessel flying Spanish flag Trade above the Fort not allowed to the Dutch by the Spanish Commandeur has no reliance on trade in . . 4 C B.C. Ap. II, 3, 4 B.C. Ap. II, 4 B.C. Ap. II, 6 V.C, 136 V.C II, 80-81 B.C. Ap. II, 6 V.C, 136 V.C. II, 82 B.C. Ap. II, 13 V.C II, 84 B.C.C, 87 B.C. Ap. II, 13 Orinoco River.] 284 Orinoco River — continued. 1732 1733 -4 1733 1733 1733 -62 174717501752 1753 -7 1757 -9 176017621734 1735 Gumilla implores for a stockade and a swifti B.CC. Ap, 163 launch .... opposite the Fort of Guayaua as a protection against the Caribs Armed boats temporarily stationed on Carib outrages on Upper B.C. Ap. Ill, 86 B.C. Ap. Ill, 83, 84A 1737 1739 Rotella declares it almost conquered by the Caribs Fortification of, Fajardo's scheme . . Proposed fort on the Padrastro Hill Retention of Castle of S. Francis recom mended Proposed forts on Island of Limones Want of funds to fortify Proposed fortification of . . Funds found. . Work interrupted by difficulties . . Work resumed Building condemned Fortification of, ordered Arrival of Spanish troops in Dutch trade to, stopped by Sucre. . Trade to, resumed Sucre puts armed boats ou. . Dutch forbid export of arms to . . Mule trade with Encouragement of trade with by Dutch approved by Company Wretched state of Spanish settlements in, reported by Sucre "The Company's frontiers stretching towards the Orinoco " San Felipe reports Dutch near mouth of, and ever advancing San Felipe proposes to dislodge the Dutch from, and to suppress Dutch trade B.C.C. Ap, 170 B.C. Ap. Ill, 12, 13 B.CAp. Ill, 13 B.C. Ap. Ill, 13 B.C. Ap. Ill, 13 B.CAp. Ill, 15 B.C.C. Ap, 192-3 B.C. Ap. Ill, 15 B.C. Ap. Ill, 15, 17 B.C. Ap. Ill, 17 B.C. Ap. Ill, 17 B.CAp. Ill, 18 B.C. Ap. II, 18 V.C, 128 V.C. II, 86 V.C. II, 87 B.C.C, 87 B.C.C, 87 V.C. II, 87 B.C. Ap. Ill, 18 B.C Ap. II, 19 V.C. II, 88 V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 21 B.C. Ap. II, 25 B.C, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 25 B.C.C. Ap, 181 B.CC. Ap, 185-6 San Felipe reports all the forts to be bare of ; B.C.C. Ap, 183 war store San Felipe proposes two armed vessels to j B.C.C. Ap, 185-6 cruize in, and deprecates fort at : Angustura 285 Orinoco River.] Orinoco River — continued. 1740 1741 17431745 1747 1749 1750 (about) 1750 -60 1751 1752 1753 Castle of S. Francis captured by English trader in small merchant ship. (Solano) Dutch trade iu horses from Torrenueva's memorial on importance of the Gumilla on trade of Dutch in the "This great river Orinoco is like an open door " (Diguja) Dutch and Carib access to Armed boats on, recommended Fortification of, recommended (Iturriaga's ?) description of the territory of, and the way to preserve it Another description, attributed to Ramon Santa Maria First made inaccessible to foreigners (Diguja) Competition of French In . . Spanish official report on ; its mouths (and delta) ; its fortifications, trade ; and on the neighbouring Dutch Colonies Its purposes, deficiencies and suggested improvements of its fortifications Padrastro, a fortified hill "which dominates and defends the castle and town " (of S Thome) Castle of S. Francis, " which is really an unfinished battery " inadequate to close the river; to be supplemented by new fort either opposite S. Francis or Fajardo Fortification of Island of Limones, opposite the Castle, preferred " Orinoco will be lost " if Dutch trade is excluded (Spanish official report) The Great Mouth of, one hour, across sea, distant from the mouth of the Barima (Spanish official report) Communicationfrom Orinoco withEssequibo Dutch trade with . . West India Company prefer trade should be in Spanish hands Tobacco traders taken in Dutch trade in arms to Trade to Its communication by Rio Negro -with Amazon, inquiry as to B.C. Ap. II, 107 B.C. Ap. II, 35 B.C. Ap. II, 41 V.C II. 285 B.C. Ap. II, 82 V.C. II, 284 B.C. Ap. Ill, 84a B.C Ap. Ill, 84 B.C. Ap. Ill, 86, 90 B.C. Ap. Ill, 91 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ad. II, 53 V.C. II, 296 B.C. Ap. Ill, 36 B.C. Ap. II, 62 V.C. II, 104 B.C.C. Ap, 190-6 B.CC. Ap, 191-3 B.C.C. Ap, 191 B.C.C. Ap, 191-2 B.CC. Ap, 192-3 B.CC. Ap, 196 B.C.C. Ap, 194 B.C.C. Ap, 193-4 B.CC. Ap, 195-6 B.C. Ap. II, 198 V.C, 113 V.C. II, 120 V.C, 113 V.C. II, 108 B.C Ap. II, 73 V.C. II, 108 V.C. II, 109 B.C. Ap. II, 85 286 Orinoco River.] Orinoco River — continued. 1755 1758 Still dominated by Caribs . . . . Fort of S. Francisco de la Guayana in efficient to prevent entrance of foreigners, on account of breadth of river ; new Fort to be built opposite S. Francisco Garrison from Araya to be added to Two armed vessels to be assigned to Solano proposes forts at Angustura and at mouth of Apures Dutch fishery in, referred to by Iturriaga 1760 1761 1762 B.C. Ap. IV, 114 B.C Ap. II, 139 BC. Ap. II, 140-1 B.C. Ap. II, ,141 B.C. Ap. II, 141 B.C, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 141 Iturriaga declares Dutch claim up to, and B.C, 115 even enter B.C. Ap. II, 141-2 Dutch claim up to the Aguirre reported by B.C. Ap. II, 149 de la Garriga Solano describes population on Lower, as 3.G. Ap. II, 139-40 confined to vicinity of forts He describes Lower, as open to ingress of foreigners, especially Dutch He proposes to strengthen Trinidad against ingress of foreigners to Orinoco Couriers from Colony of Essequibo sent to Castle of S. Francis de Assis anent Cuyuni raid Trade with Orinoco declared by Director- General fairly free Dutch fishery in (declaration by Flores) . . Geography of (secret report of Boundary Commissioners) Solano refers to open Dutch pretensions to Solano refers to navigation of, to Guayana, allowed to Dutch Navigation of, disputed by Dutch with 3.G. Ap. II, 204 Spaniards Fort of S. Francis de Assis described by 3.C. Ap. II, 204-5 Solano as the only defence of Guayana on the Orinoco Forts of Limones and S. Diego described by Solano Dutch trade to, at a standstill owing to disorders in the Orinoco Dutch policy of encouragement of trade from, rather than to Trade from, to Essequibo to be encouraged B.C. Ap. II, 140 B.C. Ap. II, 140, 141 B.C. Ap. II, 156 B.C. Ap. II, 185-6 VC. II, 141 B.C. Ap.II, 190 B.C.C. Ap, 207 B.C. Ap. II, 203 B.C. Ap. II, 204 B.C. Ap. II, 204-6 B.C. Ap. II, 199 B.C. Ap. II, 198 VC, 113 V.C. II, 120 B.CC, 80 B.C. Ap. II, 202 V.C. II, 146 Trade of Dutch with, for cattle . . B.C. Ap. II, 208 Council of the Indies informed of the B.C. Ap. IV, 79 removal of the old town of Guiana to the Angustura u " Dutch trade to, risky and precarious B.C. Ap. II, 202, 213 V.C. II, 146, 148 Orinoco River.] 287 Orinoco River — continued. 1762 1763 1762 1763 1764 17651767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 Dutch trade with, going on pretty fairly Dutch trade with, regarded by Court of Policy as of little importance Peaceful state of country north of Orinoco (Diguja) Indians at mouth of, not reduced Spanish look-out boats placed at mouth of Difficulty of manning these boats No Dutch boats sent to, for salting Closed to foreigners above S. Thome Navigated freely by foreigners below the fort Opinions in favour of fortifying at S. Thome summarised The Company hopes for larger trade with The Director-General reports trade easy with Zeeland Chamber describe colony as extending to Padrastro to be fortified Director-General reports Dutch trade with, stopped Rivers as far as Orinoco treated as apper taining to Essequibo Dutch deserter killed by Warows near Orinoco, and his effects restored to Dutch Spanish seizures in, of Dutch goods, as being smuggled Fishery in mouth of Dutch said to be cut off from all commuui cations with Governor of Orinoco in person, with two armed boats, said to be at mouth of Centurion maintains privateers in, against smugglers Twenty-three foreign vessels taken in, by Centurion, in three years Mouth of, only outlet of Spaniards, accord ing to Centurion Dutch follow slaves into mouth of This they do, knowing that the Spaniards are 49 leagues from the mouth (Centurion) Dutch boats captured in Dutch slaves deserting to . . Dutch extension into, reported, by Solano as checked (193) Director-General reports the Orinoco B.C. Ap. IV, 103 inaccessible to Dutch in Centurion's time 4 D B.C. Ap. II, 210 B.C. Ap. II, 213 B.C. Ap. Ill, 8 B.C. Ap. Ill, 9 B.C. Ap. Ill, 23 B.C. Ap. Ill, 24 V.C. II, 153 B.C. Ap. Ill, 19, 20 B.C Ap. Ill, 35 B.C. Ap III, 33 V.C. II, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 106 V.C. II, 155 B.C. Ap. Ill, 116 B.C Ap. Ill, 123 B.C. Ap. Ill, 143 B.C. Ap. Ill, 145 B.C, 116 B.C Ap. Ill, 156 V.C, 137 V.C. II, 366-7 B.C. Ap. Ill, 175 B.C. Ap. IV, 41 V.C, 144 V.C. II, 213 V.C. II, 188 B.C.ip IV, 72 B.C Ap. IV, 72 B.C Ap. IV, 73 B.C Ap. IV, 74 B.C. Ap. IV, 74 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 B.C. Ap. IV, 79, 80 B.C Ap. IV, 80 288 Orinoco River— Oronoque.] Orinoco River— continued. 1773 1774 1777 1779 " Oronoque " 1780 1781 1788 1802 1820 1840 18811886 1887 Report on, by Centurion He declares Spanish " actual possessions '' near coast limited to the Lower Orinoco Banks of, described as deserted below Caroni Entry to, described by Centurion Dutch slaves deserting to . . "One navigates for 45 leagues up river with out seeing anything more than deserts " (Crame) Fishery in, teaches slaves the road to escape Dutch deserters to . . The Barima and Waini each an independent system from (Inciarte) " Crossing from the mouths of the said Orinoco to the creek or river of Barima" (Inciarte) " Does not communicate its waters to any of the creeks included between that of Barima and the river of Essequibo " (Inciarte) "Apparently does not communicate its waters to the said creek" (Barima) (Inciarte) Royal order for surveying English naval patrol to mouth of . . Runaway Essequibo negro captured in, by Indians, and returned Described by Marmion Described by Major McCreagh . . His report said to show Spanish occupation of Lower Orinoco Fortresses of " Old Guayana " to be re duced to an arsenal Venezuelan Postholder in Lord Granville's proposal to assign mouth of, to Venezuela Lord Rosebery's proposal that it should be entirely free and open to navigation British claim up to mouth of, explained by Lord Salisbury B.C. Ap. IV, 109-120 B.C. Ap. IV, 111 B.C. Ap. IV, 112 BC. Ap. IV, 112 B.C. Ap. IV, 125, 129 B.C. Ap. IV, 179 B.C. Ap. IV, 191 V.C. II, 234 B.C. Ap. IV, 193-4 B.C.C. Ap, 218,219,221i,238 B.C.C. Ap, 218 B.C.C Ap., 238 B.C.C. Ap, 219 B.C. Ap. IV, 213 V.C. II, 439 B.C. Ap. IV, 217 V.C.C, 52 B.C. Ap. IV, 217 B.C. Ap. V, 54 V.C.C. Ill, 115 B.C. A p. V, 173 V.A. 555-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 17 B.C. Ap. VI, 94 V.A. II, 693 B.C. Ap. VII, 100 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 B.C. Ap. VII, 132 3 Venezuela asserts that at this date Britaini B.C. Ap VII, 126 first " unveiled her pretensions to " Explanation of term as used by Dutch B.CC, 65 289 Orontius FinseuB— Owye-barri.] 1566 1754 1756 Orontius Finseus ., Orrutia, Don Antonio Ortelius Ortolan Oruna, Don Fernando de O ssorio. Jose Antonio Osterbeek, Old " Our Village " Otomaco Indians . . Otucamabo R. Ousiel, Jacques Outlier (i.e. Uijtlegger): Postholder, q.v. Outrunners, i.e. those who 1691 were employed to travel for the Company, to trad} among the Indians, and t

be kept to enable pay ment to Brazilian Government ; That collisions with Brazilians were to be avoided That British frontier extended to junction of Cotinga with Takutu ; That cordial relations were to be main tained with British Missionary at That prospects of trade from, with Amazon, were to be ascertained Postholder of Pomeroon (McClintock) had accompanied British troops to Pirara February 14th. Occupied by British troops under Lieut. Bingham British troops, on arrival at, find place almost vacated by Brazilians Evacuation of, by Brazilians, insisted on by officer in command ot British Letters to Governor Light from Lieut. Bingham at Letter from officer in command of British troops at, to Leal (Commandant at Fort S. Joaquim) Communication from Commandant of Fort S. Joaquim to British Governor Visited, and reported on. by Lieut. Hackett Reinforcements for British troops at, sent from Georgetown British troops retire, in accordance with a provisional agreement between British and Brazilian Governments Schomburgk's reference to British Brazilian provisional agreement for neutrality of Reconstruction of British Mission at, undertaken by Youde Schomburgk at, with British troops Revisited by Schomburgk Schomburgk's report on journey by Roraima to Cuyuni f i om 4 G B.C. Ap. VI, 117 B.C.C, 110 B.A, 44 B.C. Ap. VI. 117 B.C. Ap.VI, 117 B.C Ap. VI, 117 B.C Ap. VI, 117 B.C Ap. VI, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 118 B.C. Ap VI, 118 B.C Ap. VI. 118 B.C. Ap.VI, 119 B.C. 65 B.C Ap.VI. 119 B.C. Ap. VII, 40 B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C. Ap. VI, 122 ; VII, 41 B.C. Ap.VI, 119, 123 B.C. Ap. VI, 120 B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C. Ap. VI, 120-122 B.C. Ap. VI, 122 B.C Ap. VII, 48 B.C. Ap. VII, 47 B.C. Ap. VI, 122 B.C. Ap.VI, 119 B.C Ap. VII, 38 B.C. Ap. VII, 51 B.C. Ap. VII, 49-51 300 Pirel— Plantations.] Pirel, Juan . Piritu Place of the Last White Man" (Barima River) — Hierena, q.v. Plantations . , 1840 1752 Reports Venezuelan gunboat in Barima N.W. of Cumana Centre of Franciscan Missions B.C Ap. VI, 99 B.C. Atlas, 27 B.CC. Ap. 197 1659 -60 1063 1670 1691 1694 1699 1700 Alleged narrow limits of . , Venezuelan contentions answered Alleged unofficial character of Dutch Plantations in Barima Forty-two in Colony of " Nova Zeelandia ': B.C.C. Ap, 31 I ¦ Progress of those in Moruka V.C.C, 55 B.C.C, 73 V.CC, 47 Alleged absence of private plantations in Essequibo Dp Fortuin ; the Company's bread planta tion Poelwijk and de Hoop; the Company's new plantations In Cuyuni Poelwijck, de Fortuin, Oosterbeek, Nieuw Middelburgh, Westerzonburgh, de Hoop Oosterbeek Sugar from Poelwijck Westerbeek, under management of Andries Pietersen Nieuw Middelburgh, in Cuyuni (Company's) Frans Cantenaar appointed manager of the Company's plantations, vice Jan Coverts, deceased Fortuijn, de ; no longer mentioned as ex clusively a bread plantation Poelwijk and Nieuw Middelburgh; Com pany's plantations Poelwijck; slave disturbances on, on account of cruelty of manager Cantenaar Westersonburgh ; Company's plantation De Hoop ; Company's plantation . . Hoff van Breda; free plantation of Mattbijs Thierens Heereubeek ; free plantation of Jacobus Goedhart N. Corl rijck ; free plantation of Jan de Latombe N. Batavia ; free plantation of Jacobus T jurr.aelie B.C.C. Ap, 39 V.C, 81 B.C. Ap. VII, 150 B.C Ap.VII, 149 V.C III, 64 B.CC. Ap, 47-50 B.C.C. Ap, 59 B.CAp. I, 215 B.CC. Ap, 52, 3 B.C.C Ap, 61, 81 B.CC Ap, 81, 6 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 B.C. Ap. VII, 151 B.CC Ap, 132 B.C.C. Ap. 87 B.C.C. Ap, 85 B.CC Ap, 96, 112 B.C.C Ap, 115 B.C.C. Ap, 108 B.CC. Ap, 110. 124 Plantations.] 301. Plantations— contin ued. 1700 1701 1704 1707 1722 De Goude Moulen; free plantation of Jan i B.C.C Ap, 101 Macquel and Co, to be transferred to Abraham Cousijn and Pieter Rodriges Noorderbeek ; free plantation of Cbristiaen Godlob Uschner d'Eendragt, free plantation of Joharmis de Wilde Bosc.hbeek, free plantation of Abraham Cousijn. Hoog en Droogh, horses received for Nieuw Vlissinge in good condition. . Cantenaar discharged, for ill-conduct, and replaced by Anthony Garlyn Poelwijk removed to above falls in Massa- This alleged to be solitary experiment in cultivation above the falls Indigo plantation (in Cuyuni) Maurain Saincterre proposes plantatious in Barima None above falls New plantation on Cuyuni River Company's, of coffee and cassava on Cuyuni, state of State of the Company's plantations at Bratika Point Nieuw Cortrijk; hostile Maganouts re ported in neighbourhood of Oosterbeek; preparations at to prevent passage of hostile Maganouts 1725-- Practically none on Pomeroon, Moruka or 1803 Wakepo Spread of plantations down stream in Essequibo 172c 1724 1725 1726 17271730 -60 1730 1731 Movement of towards Demerara . . Twenty-three red slaves run away from plantation of de la Riviere Prosperity of Company 'a coffee plantations B.C. Ap. II, 4 in Cuyuni Company's coffee in Cuyuni not successful this year Position of plantations in Essequibo shifts (Burr) For cocoa and coffee on Cuyuni River . Indigo, experimental planting of, on Cuyuni, by Company Progress of the Company's plantations . . B.C.C Ap, 114 B.CC. Ap, 85 B.CC. Ap, 113 B.CC. Ap, 87 B.C.C. Ap, -9 B.C, 80-120 B.A, 46-8 B.C, 80 B.C. Ap. 1,29-31 B.C, 80 B.C, 82 Political Control — Pccnsrooii. 304 Political Control — contd. Pomeroon, Colony of Control of timber cutting .. B.C, -S3 Maintenance of the peace . . . . . . B.C, 84 V.A. II, 614 Protection of Indians Jurisdiction over settlers B.C, 85 ! Jurisdiction over Indians . . B.C, 86 Postholders B.C, 86 Appointment of Indian captains B.C, 90 Subsidy to Indians B.C, 91 Employment of Indians B.C, 92 Military service of Indians B.C, 93 : Industrial service of Indians B.C, 95 Exclusion of persons as an indication of . . V.A, 50 . Criticism of British theory as to Dutch control V.C.C, 69 V.A, 48 Said to be negatived by Dutch military weakness V.A. II, 477 482 Not shown by Dutch dealings with Indians VA, 52 Ascendancy over Indians denied to amount to V.A. II, 592 Venezuelan argument on . . V.A, 46 Venezuelan Chapter on V.A. II, 469 General allegation of Spanish V.C, 99 1048- 1725 Alleged Spanish over so-called Delta Region V.C, 100 Alleged Spanish, by repression of trade .. V.C, 100 Alleged Spanish, by confiscation of ships V.C, 100 Venezuelan statement of Spanish, questioned B.C.C, 71 No Spanish on Cuyuni B.C.C, 69 Venezuelan statement of Spanish, as far as Moruka, questioned B.C.C, 68, 69 Said to have been founded in defiance of Spanish rights (cf) V.C, 78 B.C.C, 56 t659 Reference to . . B.C.C. Ap, 29 1660 Sugar mills in ; slaves required for B.C.C. Ap, 32, 33 Flourishing condition of ; letter from planter from N. Middelburgh B.C.C. Ap, 33 1660 -1 Governor required for . . B.C.C. Ap, 32-3 1661 Report on colony of B.C. Ap. 1, 148 1662 i Importance of, stated by Viedma. . B.C. Ap. I, 152 305 Pomeroon Colony — Pomeroon River.] pomeroon Colony — contd. 1662 1663 Prosperous condition of settlement on . . jB.CC, 56 Not referred to in Spanish protest against jB.CC, 56 Dutch breach of the Treaty of Peace B.C. Ap. I, 153 Sales of land in . . [B.C.C Ap, 41-2 Factor appointed for Company's plantation B.C.C. A p., 39 in Moruka 16651665 -6 1666 1669 1686 1689 Suggested tax for payment of garrison . . Commandeur refuses to be " threatened by a crowd of giddy birds," i.e., the unruly settlers Letter on state of, from Commandeur Fijn to W.I. Co. A battery at the Fort of . . Sugar cultivation and mills in Dutch fortress and garrison at (Gunter) . . Occupied (with Essequibo) by English . . Recaptured by Dutch but neglected Orinoco regarded as limit of Prospects of, recorded in Spanish docu ments Number of slaves in Reorganised as distinct from Essequibo . , Under special Governor Fort of, built by De Jonge Destroyed by French The place retained as a Post Pomeroon Post. See under MORUKA-POMEROON POST. Pomeroon River B.CC. Ap, 37 B.CC Ap, 35 B.C.C Ap, 34-42 B.C.C Ap, 36-7 B.CC. Ap, 34-5 B.C. Ap. I, 163-4 B.C, 13, 28 V.C, 79 B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 170 V.C, 31 B.C., 28 B.C. Ap. I, 160 B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 180 B.C, 28 B.C Ap. I, 187 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 192-3, 203 B.C, 13, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 192-3 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 203, 208 B.C, 13,29 B.C Ap. I, 210 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 211 1597 -8 To sea, west of Essequibo Communication with Essequibo Inter-communication with Moruka, Waini, and Barima Plantation did not reach in Dutch times . . Political control in Settlement in B.C. Atlas,! B.C, 9 B.C, 9 V.C, 110 V.A. II, 482-6 V.A. II, 403-11 Passed by Cabeliau . , . . B.C. Ap. I, 20 ! V.C II, 9 306 Pomeroon River.] Pomeroon River — continued 1038, (Bauruma) Dutch trade in . . 1657 Dutch colony of Pomeroon-Moruka (for -89 [ details see Pomeroon Colony) 1657 Burr on colonization of Alleged weakness of colony on . . 1658 Part of Nova Zeelandia 1664 Authority for map of establishments on (Burr) 1665 English attack on . . Strength of . . Number of slaves captured by English in Described by Gunter 16601 Alleged abandonment of the Pomeroon colony 16701 Rights of Walcheren cities in, recognised At the disposal of the Committee of Nova Zeelandia 1674 Mentioned, as a district, in Charter of New W. I. Company 16761679 Alleged Dutch limitation to Spanish description of the colony. . Postholder for, suggested in p'.ace of travelling official Dutch soldier sent up the river, by Gover nor Beekman, to barter for dye Alleged to have been deserted Trade in, under Governor Beekman 1684 Trade at .. .. Postholder at, to visit Barima 1685 Petition of De Jonge to settle on . . ! Resolution to throw the river open to settlers 1686 Rights of Walcheren cities in, mentioned Opened to colonists Suggested new colony on . . De Jonge appointed Commandeur for B.C. Ap. I, 116 B.C, 13, 27 B.C.C, 55 V.CC. II, 76-7*, S--!H V.C, 78 B.C. Ap. I, 146 V.C. II, 34 V.C.C II, 90 V.C, 79 B.C. Ap. I, 163 B.C.C, 57 V.CC III, 11 V.C, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 172 B.C.C, 57 B.C. Ap. I, 172 B.CAp. I, 174 V.C, 56-57 V.C.C, 76 B.C. Ap. I, 180 B.C, 30 B.C. Ap. I, 182 V.C II, 38 B.C. Ap. I, 181 V.C, 86 V.C. II, 37 V.C, 85 V.C. II. 38 B.C, 29 B C Ap. II, 182 V.C , 85 V.C. II, 38 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C II, 45 B.C Ap. I, 186 V.C, 86 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 53 B.C. Ap. I, 189, 192 V.C. II, 53 B.CC, 57 B.C. Ap. I 193 B.C.C, 60 B.C Ap. I, 192 B.C. Ap. I, 189 V.C, 87 V.C. II, 54 B.C. Ap. I, 199 ao7 Pomeroon River.] Pomeroon River— contind. 1686 1686- 18001687 1688 1689 1695 1699 1703 1703 -5 17071712 171417171722 1725-1803 1728 1747 1753 1754 (before) 1754 Proposed plantations on In constant possession of Essequibo Colony (Burr) Commandeur's report on . . Proposed dues on Spaniards and French for timber cutting iu Foreign ships forbidden to enter Fidelity of Indians at Fort completed at . . Attack by French and Caribs on . . Resolution to move colony of Post with flag retained in Pomeroon by the Dutch Alleged abandonment of the Pomeroon colony by the Dutch Post alleged a matter of form Alleged arrival of French in Postholders at Outliers in . . Second Post at Commandeur proposes to levy toll at B.C. Ap. I, 201 V.C. II, 58 V.C.C. II, 96 B.C. Ap. I, 202 B.C Ap. I, 204 B.C Ap. I, 207 B.C Ap. I, 208 B.C Ap. I, 208 B.C. Ap. I, 210 V.C, 87 V.C. II, 60 B.C.C, 60 B.C. Ap. I, 211 V.C. II, 62 B.CAp. I, 211 V.C. II, 62 V.C, 89, 90 V.C, 95 V.C, 90 V.C. II, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 214 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 V.C. II, 70 V.C, 95 B.C. Ap. I, 229-30 French and Spaniards unsuccessfully attack; B.C, 32 Post of Wakepo Illegal trade stopped by Dutch Trade monopolized by the Company Plantations advised by Saincterre Limited use of, by Dutch ; only one squatter on Instructions to Postholder. . Erasmus Felderman in Murder of Indian by Indian in, punished by Court of Justice Surveyed, with Waini River, for land B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. I, 233, 235 V.C, 95 V.C II, 74-5 B.C, 87 B.C Ap. I, 238 V.C, 95 B.C Ap. I, 253 V.C. II, 79 V.C, 109 B.C Ap. II, 8 B.C.C Ap, 189 B.CC Ap, 189 (193) grants Lease for timber cutting in Application to cut timber iu 4 I B.CC, 79 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 142, 14.'! B.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 92; VII, 19." Pomeroon River.j 308 Pomeroon River— contind. 1754 1755 Declared by Court of Policy not open for timber cutting Right to cut timber in, reserved by Court! B.C.C. Ap, 197 of Policy 1756! Petition of Knott and Salignacq to cut B.C, 84 timber in 1757 1758 1760 1762 1764 17651769 1771 1772 Petition of Jan la Riviere for Felderman's land in West India Company considers advisa bility of throwing open Objection of Director-General to opening of B.C. Ap. II, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 128, 129, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 124 B.C. Ap. II, 131 B.C, 84 B.C Ap. II, 135-6 V.C. II, 119 B.C.C, 76 Director-General reports Felderman had! B.C. Ap. II, 142-3 been allowed to cultivate in, and that this land now claimed by La Riviere Reference to timber grants in . . . . j B.C. Ap. II, 142-3 i Foundations of Dutch fortifications extantini B.C. Ap. II, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 215 1773 1774 1775 1777 1778 1779 The river to be included in van Bercheyck's proposed survey of Colony of Essequibo Described by Zealand Chamber as " cross ing " the colony Spaniards reported in ; no foundation for this Rumours of Spanish advance on . . Objection of Director-General to opening. . Necessity of opening, soon. . Tbe Pomeroon had been included in Bouw- mau's Chart Caribs fight against rebel negroes Director-General reports Plantations close to Question of opening. . Petition for grant of 2,000 acres in, for timber in Mentioned by Heneman Secretary of Essequibo treats opening of Pomeroon as soon necessary Operations by Indian levies in Traversed by Inciarte B.C. Ap. Ill, 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 121, 126 B.C Ap. IV, 42 V.C, 144, 159 V.C. II, 214 B.C. Ap. IV, 95 B.C. Ap. IV, 104 B.C. Ap. IV, 103-4 B.C. Ap. IV, 105 B.C, 56 B.C. Ap. IV, 104 V.C. II, 219 B.C Ap. IV, 120 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. IV, 128 B.C. Ap. IV, 166 V.C II, 225 B.C. Ap. IV, 184 V.C. II, 233 B.C. Ap. IV, 190 V.C, 146 B.CC. Ap, 231-9, 252-3 Inciarte is informed of Indian communi-! B.C.C. Ap, 237 cation from Pomeroon to Cuyuni Communication with Supenaam Creek and! B.C.C. Ap, 237 Essequibo River j B.C. Ap. VII, 225 Communication from Pomeroou with Capoey! B.C.C. Ap, 235-6 and Essequibo coast 309 Pomeroon River.] Pomeroon River— conlind. 1779 1784 1785 1791 1793 1794 Inciarte's proposal to put a village (S. | B.CC. Ap, 253 Carlos de la Frontera) on. Postholder reports visit and departure of ' B.C. Ap. IV, 207 Spaniards V.C II, 235 Court of Policy deals with assault on ! B.C.C. Ap, 256 settler by negroes off 1796 1799 1802 1803 1808 -10 1808 18091810 1812 -13 1812 1814 -50 18151816 Value of, for plantations Importance of lands near Land grants by Court of Justice Petition for land on . . Timber cutting forbidden on the State possessions near Report by Governor von Grovestins on . . Proposals for laying out town at . . Land grants already extending to. . Official report as to plantations reaching to Settlements up to, reported by Commandant Hislop Proposed regulations for timber cutting in Extension of settlements in Progress in . . Included in district of the Protector of the Indians Petition for guard at Public roads required for Return of plantations on . . 1817 Petition for fortified post at Use of Post as frontier Custom House Increase of settlement in . . Treated as limit of, on scale of fees for process-serving Medical officer for, appointed by Court of Policy Leper or Yaws Hospital in existence before (See under Leper Asylum) Mentioned in Militia Regulations . . Spanish refugees at. . B.C. Ap. V, 34 V.C. II, 241 B.C Ap. V, 38 B.CC Ap, 381 B.A, 37 V.C. II, 244 B.C.C. Ap, 257-8 B.C. Ap. V, 145 V.U. II, 24b B.C. Ap. V, 158 V.C, 110 B.C.C, 77 B.C.C. Ap, 363-388 B.C, 56 B.C. Ap. V, 170 B.C. Ap. V, 172, 176 V.C. II. 252 B.C, H4 B.C. Ap. V, 183 B.CC Ap, 259 B.C, 64 B.C. Ap. V, 191 B.C Ap. V, 192 B.C Ap. V, 193 V.C. Ill, 60 B.C. Ap. V, 202 V.A. II, 670-6 V.A. II, 665 V.C. Ill, 01, 62 B.C, 64 B.C Ap. VI, 5 B.A, 37 B.C. Ap. VI, 5 VC, 165 V.C. Ill, 63-4 B.C. Ap. VI, 7 B.A, 37 310 Pomeroon River.] Pomeroon River — contind. 1818 1823 1823 -41 18241826 1828 1830 1834 1838 1836 1838 1839 1840 Return of Indians in Importance of Indians, for defence of colony Alleged neglect of Post in . . River included in Militia Regulations Included in parish of Holy Trinity Petition from various inhabitants of Petition by Gray for land grant in, opposite Arapiakru Land grant in . . - District for inspectors of slaves Deputy Fiscal for Suggested additional Justices of rhe Peace for Postholder Tonge as Justice of the Peace at Fees for journeys to registrar's offices from Population of, other than Indian Plantations in, enumerated by Rev. John Duke Settlements near, as shown on Hadfield's map Plantations and establishments on Cultivation of annatto at . . Establishments for wood cutting on Described hy Sir H. Light as a limit to the county Upppr parts officially visited by Super intendent Crichton Superintendent King acts magisterially in Visited by Governor Visited by the Bishop Indians of, cheerfully doing nearly all the labour for settlers Boatbuilding and trulie cutting establish ments in Missionary for, expected by London Missionary Society Indians employed by Donald Campbell, at Carawab Arrangements for re-erection of anew leper hospital in Thrice visited by Superintendent King . . Officially and thoroughly visited by Post- holder B.C Ap. VI, 9-11 B.C. Ap. VI, 30 V.A. II, 666 VCC III, 170 V.C.C. 111,172 B.C.C. Ap, 273-4 B.C.C. Ap, 273 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 V.C.C. Ill, 173 V.C.C. Ill, 173 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 V.C.C. Ill, 175 V.C.C. Ill, 176 B.C.C. Ap, 275 B.C.C. Ap, 274-5 V.C, 167 V.C. Atlas, 79 B.C, 64 B.C. Ap. VI, 01 B.C.C. Ap, 284 B.CC. Ap, 284 V.C, 167 V.C.C. Ill, 177 B.C.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 73, 80 B.C. Ap. VI, 68, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, G7 B.C. Ap. VI, 85 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 , B.C. A p. VI, 83, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 85 B.C. Ap. VI, 69 B.CAp. VI, 91, 101 B.C.C Ap, 290 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 Pomeroon River.] 311 Pomeroon River— contd. 1840 18-10 -1 1841 (193) 1841 -50 1841 1843 Witnesses collected from, in case against Pauli and Maul Lazaretto near Squatters warned off Crown lands in Land grant in British missions established Early state of mission at Arapiakru (Pompiakru) Schoolmaster at Arapiakru and at Caledonia Annatto cultivation and trulie cutting- in . . Timber cutting in, establishments for Overland route to, from Supenaam Limit of parochial divisiou Plantations and establishments in . . Twice officially visited by Superintendent King Upper reaches traversed by Postholder McClintock Report of Postholder McClintock for 1st quarter Establishments on, of Kingston, Alstein, Bunbury, Pickersgill and others Mr. Holmes' (trulie cutting) place on (Caba caburi) Plantations, Caledonia on . . Timber and trulie cutting establishments on Indians as labourers in Woodcutting establishments employing Indians from Barima and Barama Vaccination in Ship with emigrants from Barbados arrives iu Indians of Upper Pomeroon ask for a schoolmaster B.C. Ap. VI, 100 B.C, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 98 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C, 64 B.A, 37 B.C. Ap. VI, 116 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C.C. Ap, 292 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 V.C. Ill, 313 B.C, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 113 B.C.C. Ap, 294 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 106-7 B.C Ap. VI, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 106-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. VII, 25 B.C, 65 B.C Ap. VI, 114 B.C. Ap. VI, 113, 114, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 115 New teacher wanted for Negroes on! B.C. Ap. VI, 11 6 Plantation Caledonia D. Campbell (at Carawab) the highestlB.C Ap. VI, 116 white settler up Upper reaches visited by . Postholder McClintock Overland route from Supenaam to Pomeroon 4 K. B.C Ap. VI, 127 B.C Ap. VI, 128 312 Pomeroon River— Population.] Pomeroon Eiver — contd. 1843 1846 1347 1848 18491850 18531856 1884 1890 1891 Pompiakru. See under Mis sions, British, 1840. Pontes Leme, Antonio Pores de Sylva Pope, The . . Popple, Henry Population, Spanish — Ven ezuelan 1787- lt-04 1733 1753 1779 1841 Arawaks of Pomeroon much employed on estates on coast- Coolie (East Indian) labourers brought to Pomeroon Licenses in Indians of Pomeroon subscribe for relief of Scotch arid Irish Special report by McClintock on state of population of Plantations and Settlements of, lists of . . Plantain trade from Upper Pomeroon to Arabian coast Plantations formerly extending to, said to be abandoned Limit of settlements for parochial purposes Indians from Upper Pomeroon as labourers on coast Effect of missions in British residents on. . . . Permission to Indians to cut timber on Crown Lands of Manoa grant claimed to extend to. . Venezuelan proposal to establish administra tion between this and Barima River Census Employed on Brazilian Boundary Commis- Instances of British submission to. . Maps by The British Empire in America [Mallet-Prevost on] Part of the above, enlarged [Mallet-Prevost on] Popple. Map of Surinam Absence of Spaniards in Guayana Of Spanish Guayana, as stated by Caulin. . No Venezuelans seen by Schomburgk in Barima B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. A p. VI, 145 B.C.C. Ap, 299 B.C. Ap. VI, 148 B.C Ap. VI, 167-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 168-9 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 V.C. Ill, 144 V.C. Ill, 145 B.C, 108 B.C Ap. VI, 181 B.C, 110 B.C. Ap. VI, 201 B.C. A p. VI, 201 B.C, 73 B.CAp. VI, 220, 222,2,31, 236 B.C. Ap. VII, 140 V.C. Ill, 178, 179 B.C. Ap. VII. 4 V.A. II, vii-ix B.C, 139 B.C. Atlas, p. 13 V.C. Atlas, p. 34 V.C.C. Ap. I, 282, 284 V.C. Atlas, p. 35 V.C.C. Ap. I, 282, 284 V.C. At' as, p. 33 B.A, 13 V.C, 155n B.C. Ap. VII, 13 Population— Postholders.] 313 Population — continued. Portages Porter, Sir R. K. PortugesePossession 189; 1779 1841 1834 1836 Postholders (for Lists of, see p. 316) 1842 No tradition of Spanish residing east of B.C Ap. VII, 21* Amakuru 1887 1886 1641 No Spanish resident in Amakuru, or east of From the Pirara to the Qnatata Of Yarakita, from Aruka to Amakuru ; Schomburgk on Of Yarakita, heard of by Inciarte Between Aunama (Barama) and Acarabisi (Cuyuni) ; Schomburgk on Past falls of Lower Cuyuni ; Schomburgk on Previously Cousul, became Charge d' Affaire Suggestion as to beacon on Point Barima His suggestion of Venezuelan lighthouse on Barima Poiut ignored by Venezuelan Government ILB.M. Foreign Office first informed of his suggestion, in 1836, to Venezuelan Government of lighthouse at Barima Point His suggestion said to be known to, but not repudiated by Great Britain Mr. St. John reiterates that application of, re lighthouse, was unofficial Venezuelan President incredulous as to action of, not having been known to British Foreign Office Venezuelan Government refuses to recog nize that his suggestion, in 1836, for lighthouse was unauthorized Venezuelan President justifies intention to place lighthouse on Barima Point by reference to note of 18S6 of Tracing of map of mission area in collection of Severance of, from Crown of Spain Argument that Dutch must either be for prescriptive period or ante-date Munster Limits of constructive possession General discussion of Originally trading, later political agents . . Duties of ; embodied in formal Instructions B.C. Ap.VII, 213 B.C Ap. VII, 7 B.C. Ap. VII, 13, 14 B.CC. Ap,. 245 B.C. Ap. VII, 27 B.CAp. VII, 28-9 B.C. Ap. VII, 126 V.A. II, lxxvii B.C, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 82-4 V.C III, 68-70 B.CC, 127 V.A, 82; II, 684-688 B.C. Ap. VII, 82-4 B.C, 122 B.C Ap. VII, 81-2, 84 V.A. II, 687-689 B.C. Ap. VII, 127 B.C. Ap. VII, 120 B.C. Ap.VII, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 118, 11'. B.C.C, 100 B.C.C. Atlas, 4 B.C, 26 V.CC, 17 V.A. II, 725 V.A. II, 652-55 B.C, 90 B.C, 87 B.C. Ap. II, 108-9 ; III, 112-4, 136, 154, 168-9; V, 28-30 314 Postholders.] Postholders — continued. 1626 1628 1674 1679 16831684 1691 1703 1691 1701 1703 1724 1726 1744 1753 17541755 -6 1756| 1758 1767!1778 As protectors of Indians Required to be Dutch " Outliers " in Essequibo " Outliers "' engaged for Wild Coast Paid for services in Essequibo In Pomeroon One of the Company's servants residing in Barima Postholder of Pomeroon to visit Barima Abraham Baudart in Pomeroon as successor to Daniel Galle Two men at outlier's house in Pomeroon included in earliest muster roll " Outlier '' of Pomeroon River ; Adriaen van Gastel " Outlier " of Demerara ; Adriaen Provo. . Mention of outliers' houses in Mahaicony and Wakepo In Pomeroon, Cuyuni, and Mahaicony Of Cuyuni " up in Savannah, six weeks by water " Cuyuni Post was on the Pariak of Savannah Jan Batiste at Wakepo Postholder at Wakepo musters Indians . Postholder, Wakepo, instructed to trade on the Orinoco A Postholder desired by Indians in Barima Commandeur reports having changed Post- holder of Arinda Postholders instructed to encourage trade in annatto dye Moruka Postholder to clo'se inland passage against expected Spanish attack Arrangements as to "outliers'' left to Director-General Postholder of Arinda, reports " white man " above Arinda Instructions to Postholders. . Frenchmen as, objected to by Indians Duties of, described B.C, 88 B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 162 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 63 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 65 B.C, 30 B.C. Ap. I, 175 B.C, 29, 30 B.C. Ap. I, 181-2 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. I, 185 B.C. Ap. I, 186 V.C, 86 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. I, 186 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. VII, 149, 153 B.C. Ap. VII, 150 B.C. Ap. VII, 150 B.C. Ap. V.C. II, 152, 67 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 V.C. II, 70 B.C, 31 B.C. Ap. VII, 153 B.C. Ap. I, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 8 B.C, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 2-3 B.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 4-5 B.C, 115 B.C Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 102 B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 130 B.C. Ap. II, 168, 169 B.CAp. Ill, 161, 162,164 B.C Ap. IV, 186 Postholders.] 315 Postholders— continued. 1779 1785 1790 1803 He shall take care that there are no quarrels among the Indians Instructions to Postholder of Moruka 1804 1805 1808-25 18091811 1817 1819 1821 1827 1831 1832 1834 A Postholder for the upper Essequibo had been appointed by the French during their occupation of the Colony As " employes on the frontier to foster the good understanding with the Indians " System of Postholders retained and ex tended by British B.CC Ap, 255 B.C, 89 B.C. Ap. V, 29-31 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 1838 1839 B.C.. 89 B.C. Ap. V, 81 B.C, 63, 99 B.C. Ap. V, 171, 183, 185, 186 (193) Regulations for Instructions to Salaries of . . Salaries of . . Wahl is Postholder of Lower Essequibo . . Subordinate to Protector of Indians Salaries of Postholder of Pomeroou reports arrival of Spanish Arawaks from Orinoco Wahl stationed in Essequibo Wahl moved to Massaruni. . Postholders as under Protectors of Indians Duties of Relation of, to the Indians. . Action in case of manslaughter of Indian in Moruka Postholder of Pomeroon suggests to Gov ernor organisation of Spanish Arawaks System of drawing stores for the Posts . . Postholder of Pomeroon reports result of his visit to Moruka Postholder of Pomeroon and Moruka (Captain Tonge), given land grant for benefit of Moruka Indians B.C. Ap. V, 181 B.CAp. V, 216 B.C Ap. V, 186 B.C Ap. V, 188 B.C. Ap.VI, 18,35 B.C.C Ap, 265 B.CAp. V, 196 B.C. Ap. VI, 7 B.C. Ap. VI, 18-19 B.C Ap. VI, 19-20 B.C. Ap. VI, 38 B.C. Ap. VI, 44 B.C. Ap. VI, 48 B.C. Ap. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. VI, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 57 Postholders erroneously said to have been B.C.C, 109 discontinued Ordinance defining duties of, under Super intendents of Rivers and Creeks To be subordinate to Superintendents of Rivers and Creeks Regulations defining duties of To conciliate and prevent quarrels among Indians Complaint to Superintendent of Rivers, by Warow Indians, against Postholder of, for non-payment of wages 4 L B.CC Ap, 278-83 B.C.C. Ap, 281 B.C.C. Ap, 281-2 B.C.C. Ap, 281 B.C. Ap. VI, 82 Postholders.] 316 Postholders — con tin u ed. 1840 1843 1844 Postholders of Morcka- Pomeroon Postholders of Ahinda 1706 -15 1716 -45 1746 -47 1747 -60 1760 1761 -65 1767 -74 1774 -6 1776 -86 1786 i?5)-8 1787 -8 17881796 1805 1732 -4 1741 1744 -* 1749 -55 1750 McClintock, as Postholder, officially visits Moruka and Baramani His report for 4th quarter Postholder's recommendation as to appoint ment of Indian captains He levies duties from traders from Orinoco through Moruka Postholder of Pomeroon visits Barima and settles disputes among Warow Indians He deals with complaint by Indians of Barima against settlers, for debt Deals, in Pomeroon, with disputes between settlers Postholder of Lower Essequibo ; Report for 3rd quarter Pieter de Blaake Jan Baptiste Pieter de Laet Johan de Harder Paul Andreas Schroeder . . . . . . Jan Frederic Dost Diedrik Nelis. . Paul Vemeere Arnold van Dijke Jan Bartholij Manuel Pays d' Ammeral (Official at the Post) ' Josiah de Meyer (bijlegger) Johannis van der Burcht (paid for trans porting troops to) B.C Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 105-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 125 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap. VI. 127 B.C. Ap. VI, 128 B.C.C. Ap, 296-299 B.C. Ap. VII, 154-6, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 155-60, 176-8 Joseph Moore J. van der Burgh Jacques Donacq Jan de Kettel J. F. Muschak Hermanus Sleinfels B.C. Ap. VII, 178 B.C. Ap. VII, 176 B.C. Ap.VII, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 166-8, 170 B.C. Ap. VII, 168-70, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 171-4, 176 B.C. Ap.VII, 174, i76 B.C. Ap. VII, 176 B.C Ap. VII, 176 B.C Ap. VII, 196 B.C. Ap. V, 187 B.C. Ap. VII, 178 . . B.C. Ap. II, 32, 35 i .. ! B.C. Ap. VII, 160-1, 178 B.C. Ap. VII, 161-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 163 317 Postholders— Posts.] Postholders — continued. PostlethwaitePosts, Dutch. (See also Arinda Post, Barima Post, Cuyuni Post, Essequibo Post (lower), Moruka-Pomeroon Post (including Wakepo). 1757 1760 1761 -2 1763 -4 1765 -7 1767 -70 1771 -2 1774 1775 1775 -9 1779 -80 1785 1832 Anthouy Thollenaer Herman Wolf Wolfgang Snoers . Hendrik Bakker B.C. Ap. VII, 163 B.C. Ap. VII, 177 B.C. Ap. VII, 164, 177 Jurgen Hendriks Gerrit Janse Pieter Schroeder Theobald Lamaz (Corporal) Servaas L'Eclair F. A. Dostenreicher Jan Schultz Frederik Eiffel Jan Wendel Smith His plan for civilization of Indians 1707 17251741 1763 1750 1758 1764 B.C. Ap. VII, 164-5 B.C. Ap.VII, 165-6 B.C Ap. VII, 166-7, 177 B.C. Ap. VII, 168, 177 B.C Ap. VII, 168 B.C. Ap. VII, 168-9, 177 B.C. Ap. VII, 169 B.C. Ap. VII, 170-3, 177 B.C. Ap. VII, 173, 177 B.C Ap. VII, 174, 177 B.C.C. Ap, 257 B.C. Ap. VI, 46-7 System of, territorial significance of (Burr) Constitute occupation for purposes of Treaty of Munster (Burr) As strategic positions Said not to have constituted settlements . Alleged by Venezuelans to have been regarded as frontiers Position of, occasionally changed Spoken of as " dye-stores " Enumeration of Posts Commandeur proposes to remove Post from Demerara to Courthial's road on Cuyuni Description of, by Gravesande Commandeur reports all the Postholder3 satisfactory Trade of, with Indians Gravesande's treatise on V.C.C II, 82, 85, 88 V.C.C. II, 84 B.C, 112 V.A. II, 420 V.C.C, 87 B.C, 31 B.C Ap. VII, 155 V.C, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C Ap. II. 226-7 V.C. II, 154 B.C Ap. II, 66 B.C Ap. II, 169 B.C Ap. Ill, 107-114 V.C. II, 154 318 Posts — Presents to Indians.] Posts — continued. Potaro River Presents to Indians 1764 1760 -7 1773 1774 17751776 17771783 1810 1811 1824 1836 18831848 1686 17C0 1721 Dutch jurisdiction both by means of Necessity of, in interior Difficulty of getting good Postholders List of Strengthening of, proposed Control of trade outside Visitation of . . Dutch Post (at Cumaka) mouth of Rupu nuni on Essequibo above Heneman's tables, showing garrisons at . . New Post in the interior, proposed by West India Company Judged useless by Court of Policy Resolution of West India Company to provide a detachment from Fort Island for the Oronoque Post The Posts to keep up supply of plantains for the Iudians Payment for Indians employed at, authorized by Council of Policy Annual . allowances to ; Resolution of Court of Policy as to Proper passes to be demanded from all p.-rsons passing Official circular of enquiry as to state of. . Alleged abandonment of sj-stem of Post- holders Postholder, title of, still used by McClintock Tributary of left bank of Essequibo River Said to be reached by Spaniards Present gold industry on . . System under Dutch Said not to confer authority Commandeur of Pomeroon sends home for Dress of honour presented by Commandeur to Owl (Indian chief) As a prize for the greatest quantity of dye 1735] To Carib and Warow Captains, to maintain harmony with both nations ?1739| San Felipe reports Dutch influence by means of 1774 Presents for chiefs (knobbed canes and hats , for) B.CAp. Ill, 111 V.C, 129 V.C. II, 159 B.C Ap. Ill, 139, 141, 157 B.C. Ap. IV, 108 B.CAp. IV, 124 B.C. Ap. IV, 123 B.C. Ap. IV, 124 B.C. Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. IV, 169, 170 B.C. Ap. IV, 184 B.C. Ap. IV, 184 B.C. Ap. V, 11 B.C.C. Ap, 266 B.C.C. Ap, 266 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 35 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Atlas, 2 V.C, 153 B.A, 50 B.C, 90 V.C.C, 108 B.C. Ap. I, 200 V.C. II, 58 B.C.C. Ap, 93 B.C. Ap.VII, 179 B.C. Ap. VII, 179 B.C.C Ap, 182 B.C. Ap. IV, 122 319 Presents to Indians.] Presents to Indians— contd. 1775 1778 17791784 1785 1786 1795 1803 180418051810 1811 1812 1813 1816 18211823 1827 1830 1831 1834 18371838 (193) Canes and hats for Distribution of presents in return for pro mises of loyalty and assistance Presents to . . Canes with silver knobs to be given Yearly gifts requested Canes and hats required For assistance against rebellious negroes Formally distributed at Fort Island More ordered from Europe Badges presented to chiefs of Indians Distributed by Protector Mack in Essequibo Proceedings of Court of Policy on Distributed to Indians Annual gifts to Chief Manariwan. . Expenses of presents to Indians . . Restriction of these expenses Expense of . . Distribution to those of Pomeroon and Barima Distribution of, in Pomeroon district Hilhouse's remarks on the system Ordered from England by Governor Badges given to Indian chiefs Distribution in Nov., 1830. . Distribution of presents to Indians had become triennial Habitually given by Government as retain ing fees Estimate of average annual value of Distinguished as (1) annual supplies and (2) triennial presents Regarded as compensation for disturbance Indian discontent at discontinuance of Grant by Court of Policy for 30,000 for triennial presents Court of Policy sanctions payment for regular allowances for last time These, by Ordinance, to take the form of implements of agriculture 4 M B.C Ap. IV, 136, 137 B.C, 86, 91 B.C. Ap. IV, 187 B.C, 91 B.C. Ap. IV, 207 B.C. Ap. V, 26 B.C Ap. V, 36 B.C. Ap. V, 40 B.C. Ap. V, 160 B.C. Ap. V, 179 B.C., 104 B.C. Ap. V, 180 B.C, 90 B.C. Ap. V, 180 B.C.C. Ap, 262 B.C. Ap. V, 187 B.C, 104 B.C Ap. V, 187, 188 B.C Ap. V, 195 B.C, 105 B.C Ap. V, 198 B.C. Ap. V, 202 B.C. Ap. V, 210 B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 4-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 20 B.C. Ap. VI, 31 B.C. Ap. VI, 22 B.C, 91 B.CAp. VII, 234, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C Ap. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 B.C. Ap. VI, 54 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C.C. Ap, 279 320 Presents to Indians — Protector of Indians.] Presents to Indians — contd. Privateers Private (oi Free) Planters Proclamation, Dutch Project of Para. See under Para. Protectorate Protector oi Indians 1838 1839 1839 -41 1770 1699 -70 1699 1622 1699 17161729 1730 173a 1738 17491766 1886 1887 The system said to be discontinued Periodical distribution of, had beer) B.C. Ap. VI, 87 abandoned ; ill effects of Badges, British, held by chiefs in Barima Aruka, and Waini Alleged to have been commissioned coast guards. (See also under Mateo Beltran) Centurion claims that the privateers employed by him for the Orinoco for the previous three years had seized 23 foreign vessels (as smugglers) but no fishing boat As distinguished from Company's Planters 1890 About Kijkoveral Renewing prohibition to sail to the West Indies except for the Company Against private purchase of slaves, dye, &c. Closing the Barima river to settlers By Commandeur against maltreatment of free Indians by Colouists Reserving trade in Cuyuni and Massaruni for Company Company recommends renewal of, anent deserters Ordered by Company against export of material of war to Orinoco Against desertion ; three soldiers dealt with by Court of Justice under By Governor of Martinique as Governor of the Continent from Amazon to Orinoco Calling on grant-holders to take out title deeds By H.B.M. Government, of British rights up to the Schomburgk line Against Venezuelan concession for railway to Guacip;iti Re boundary of colony, at Schomburgk line, posted by im Thuru on Barima, Mora whana, and Waini Of separate Fiscal districts of Pomeroon .and the North-West B.C, 105 B.C. Ap. V, 63 B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 76, 112 V.A, 538, 543 B.C. Ap. IV, 72 B.C.C. Ap, 55-9, 61,66-7. 71, 75-7, 80, 85, 99, 122 Theory of, discussed Doctrines of, only applicable to organised communities Office of B.C.C. Ap, 48, 49 B.C. Ap. I, 58-9 B.C.C. Ap, 58 B.C.C Ap, 210 B.C. Ap. II, 9 B.C. Ap. II, 10, 12 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 27 V.C. II, 102 B.C.C. Ap, 209 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 237-8 V.C. II, 254 B.C, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C Ap. VI, 238 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 V.A. II, 599 V.A. II, 602 B.C., 17 321 Protector of Indians.] Protector of Indians— contd 1785 et antk 1803 The title in use in colony of Essequibo . , Established by British B.C, 63 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 18041805 1807 1808 1809 1810 1812 1813 18141814 -20 1815 -16 1818 1820 1823 1824 Duties of Authority over Postholders Protector van der Hoff in Essequibo He appoints Postholder for Upper Essequibo Protector Mack in Essequibo Knollman appointed, vice Mack, for Esse quibo Two appointed B.C, 63, 100 B.C. Ap.V, 183 B.C, 100 B.C, 100 B.C.C. Ap, 262 B.C. Ap. V, 185 B.C. Ap. V, 187 B.C.C Ap, 263 B.C, 63 A. C Roberts appointed for Essequibo; B.C.C. Ap, 265 River and its branches G.Timmerman appointed for the district' from Supenaam Creek to west limits of colony The Protector had control of Postholders CEdmondstone, for Demerara River Labour of Indians regulated by . . . . Reports on dealings with the Indians William Robertson for Essequibo Thomas Cathrey, for Essequibo Protector Timmerman arranges for pay ment of Indians, from Pomeroon to Waini, employed by British Government Return of Indians in Pomeroon and Essequibo districts Cathrey (Thomas) resigns; Bagot (George) appointed 1826 1827 1830 1831 Mature of office of Instructions to B.C. Ap.V, 191 B.C.C. Ap, 265 B.C.C. Ap, 265 B.C.C. Ap, 267 B.C, 107 B.C. Ap. V, 199 B.C. Ap. V, 204 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 18 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C. Ap. VI, 1-4 B.C. Ap. VI, 9-13 B.C. Ap. VI, 18 Circular to, notifying abolition of office of B.C. Ap. VI, 35 Quartermaster-General of Indians, and enjoining strict demand for pass from all persons passing Post Protector Bagot arranges Treaty of Peace between Caribs, Akawois, aud Partamonas of Massaruni River Acknowledgment by Indians of authority of Governor D'Urban reports on the office of Protectors of Indians Bartica Mission commended to care of Protector by Governor Protectors acting as mediators, not as magistrates A. van Ryck de Groot as Protector B.C. Ap. VI, 30 B.C. Ap. VI, 39 B.C Ap. VI, 37, 8, and 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 37 and 45 B.C. Ap. VI, 38 B.C. Ap. VI, 43 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 322 Protector of Indians — Puente.] Protector of Indians — contd. 18311832 1833 Provincial Estates of Holland Puente, Antonio Lopez de la 1834 183815811597 1599 1657 1788 1789 1790 17911792 Duties of the Protector .. .. .. Report by Protector for Essequibo on alleged decrease of Indians Report by Protector for Pomeroon on alleged decrease of Indians Hon. J. Croal, acting in Essequibo (Pomeroon ?) Land grant to Protector for Pomeroon, for benefit of Moruka Indians Protector for Pomeroon, Peter Rose Trustee of land for Santa Rosa Mission . . Ordinance abolishing Protectors of Indians an dsubstitutin g Superintendents of Rivers and Creeks Proceedings of Proceedings of Proceedings of Proceedings of Consider proposal for establishment of Colony ou Wild Coast Sent by Marmion to Cuyuni Starts for the Cuyuni first in February . . Deterred by difficulty of forest belt from reaching the Cuyuni Report on first attempt to reach Cuyuni . . Renews his journey in November and reaches -the Cuyuni Returns by Curumo River . . Journal of his Cuyuni journey Gil's explanation of Puente's journey to Cuyuni Puente reports, advising Post at Curumo Reports on Dutch in Upper Essequibo Reports rebellious negro slaves at the head of the Esseqnbo, Berbice and Surinam rivers On Indians as allies of Dutch Commissioned to construct blockhouse at Curumo Required to report on the Cuyuni. . B.C Ap. VI, 44 B.C. Ap. VI, 48 B.C. Ap. VI, 48, 9 B.C. Ap. VI, 51 B.C. Ap. VI, 54, 57 B.C. Ap. VI, 58 B.C, 64 B.C Ap. VI, 54 B.C, 65 B.C.C. Ap, 278-83 V.C. II, 1 V.C. II, 5 V.C II, 12 V.C. II, 33 B.C. Ap. I, 141 B.C, 60 B.C. Ap. V, 88 B.C. Ap, V, 88 B.C. Ap, V, 91 B.C.C, 18 B.C Ap. V, 88 V.C. II, 448 B.C. Ap. V, 101-5 B.C.C, 18, 97 V.C, 152 B.C, 42 B.C. Ap. V, 101-5 V.C. II, 462 B. Ap, 18 B.C. Ap. V, 117 B.C, 61 B.C. Ap. V, 74 B.C, 82 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C, 16 B.C. Ap. V, 121 B.C. Ap. V, 116 V.C.C. Ill, 152 B.C. Ap. V, 141 323 Paente— Quicksil ver.] Puente, Luis Lopez de la . 17601758 Pulgar, General Pulido, S. Lucio. {See also under Diplomacy) Puruni River 1881 1890 Notary Public Second in command of Spanish raid on Cuyuni post His declaration on the raid. . Concession by Venezuelan Government to Concession alleged not to violate the " Arrangement of 1850 " Succeeds S. Urbaneja as Confidential Agent (Venezuelan) for boundary Returns to Venezuela Tributary (L.B.) Massaruni River B.C. Ap. II, 150, 153, 188- 96 B.C, 14, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 150, 151 V.C. II, 308 B.C. Ap. II, 160-162 V.C. II, 317 B.C, 73 B.C Ap. VI, 217-8 V.A, 98 B.C. Ap. VII, 138 B.C. Ap. VII, 141 B.C. Atlas, I 1879- 87 Purura Creek = Koraiaj Creek, q.v. j Pypersberg, E.= Pijpersberg. q.v. Gold mining in Pyramid 1766 Quartermaster-General of Indians Quatata River 1823 1824 Queribura Quesada de . . Quive Kuru (Querri Kuru) Quicksilver (193) 1756 Director-General reports statements as to pyramids on the Rupununi and Massaruni V.C, 83 V.C. Ill, 341 B.C.C, 123 B.C. Ap. Ill, 130, 142, 149 1581 1754 1897 1634 1640 Office created for Hilhouse Abolition of the office, by Governor D'Urban Tributary of Rupununi River (Essequibo River) Portage from, to Pirara River Alleged Spanish mission at, as also at Wenamu and Mawakken. (Postholder at Arinda reports presence of white men at) ' [Burr] Expeditions to Guiana by Mentioned as possible site of Cuyuni Post below Aguigua McTurk on . . . . • • B.C, 106 B.C. Ap. VI, 22 B.C. Ap. VI, 35 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 7 B.C 45-6 B.C. Ap. II, 130 V.C. II, 122 V.C.C, 27 V.C.C. II, 201-6 B.A, 15 V.A, 422 V.A, 177 V.C, 121 B.C.C, 81 B.C Ap. VII, 234 Found on Orinoco Dutch took samples of, from Orinoco 4 N B.C.C. Ap, 10 B.C.C. Ap IS Rabo Amissi — Raids.] 324 Rabo Amissi= Anabisi, q.v Raids, by the Spaniards 1758 Raid on Cuyuni (Dutch post of) British treatment of, criticised Order by Ferreras (Provisional Commandant of Guayana) for raid Instructions by Ferreras to Bonalde and de la Puente for, on post at Order for arrest of a Dutchman named .lacob and Caribs at island of Curamucufu in Cuyuni Number of Spaniards engaged in . . Started from Settlement of Yuruari . . Island of Curamucuru not found . . A Dutchman (Juan Baptista) seized 8 days down the Cuyuni, and 8 days above the Post A second Dutchman arrested at the Post . . This second prisoner was Stephen His (or Hiz) the Postholder, who was seized while sleeping in his hammock A negro also seized at the Post This negro was Ariaen, a Creole, seized with his wife and children The Dutch Director-General's "Instructions to Postholders " found by Spaniards at the destroyed Post Secrecy of the raid ; the Post attacked at night Secrecy had been enjoined hy Provisional Commandant The raiders, alleging motives of policy, claim to have conciliated Caribs en- counteied on journey Conducted in fear of Caribs " Cuiba " given in Spanish depositions as name of destroyed Post according to Postholder aud his Assistant ¦• Aguigua " given by de la Garriga as name of destroyed Post B.C., 16 B.C, 48 B.C. Ap. II, 143, 182 V.C.C, 122 B.A, 19 V.C.C, 25-6 B.C, Ap. II, 150 V.C. II, 308 B.C Ap. II, 151 VX'. 11,310 B.C. Ap. II, 150, 152 V.C. II, 308, 310 B.C.C. Ap, 202 B.C. Ap. II, 150-1, 158, 160, 164 B.C., 48 B.CAp. II, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164 B.C. Ap. II, 153-4, 159, 161-4 B.C. Ap. II, 165 B.CAp. II, 153-4, 161-4, 166, 168 B.C. Ap. II, 172 B.C. Ap. II, 160 B.C. Ap. II, 159, 161-2 B.C. Ap. II, 151-3. 158 B.C. Ap. II, 158, 161 * B.C. Ap. II, 158 B.C. Ap. II, 165, 167 B.C.C. 81 B.C.C. Ap, 202 Raids.] 325 Rrids — continued. 1758 Distance of destroyed Post from " Colony of Essequibo " Distance from Spanish Missions Director- General flatly denies that the raided Post was on Spanish ground Director-General asserts that site of Post is clearly far within the Company's territory The route by which the raiders returned . . Took 22 days in returning to Yuruari Mission Don Luis de Aleman and Don Francisco Xavier Filgueira appointed by Valdes to take evidence on Decree by Commandant Valdes as to taking of declarations from Bonaldes and de la Puente and from the prisoners Depositions on raid on Declaration as to, by Bonaldes, the leader of raid Declaration as to, by de la Puente, 2nd in command Declaration as to, by Segundo de la Cruz, soldier Declaration as to, by Juan Jose Fragas, soldier Declaration as to, by Pedro Arocha, soldier Declaration as to, by Stephen Hiz, Post- holder of Cuyuni, made prisoner Declaration as to, by Brum (Juan Baptiste Bruign), Assistant Postholder, made prisoner Decree remitting papers in. with the prisoners . to Captain-General The judicial documents in, referred to by authorities of Spanish Guayana to the King of Spain Justified by local Spanish to Home Govern ment Director-General Gravesande protests to Commandant of Guayaua on Translation by de Goes of same protest . . Complains that this outrage had been done in time of peace Director-General declares he has sent full report to his Sovereigns Dutchmen Verviert and Matille com missioned to carry protest of Director- General to Commandant of Guayana Arrest of messengers bringing protest of Director-General to Santa Thome Commandant forwards Gravesande's letter to Governor of Cumana VCC, 57 B.CAp. II, 166 B.C Ap. II, 160 V.C.C, 57 B.C. Ap. II, 144 B.C Ap. II, 199 B.C.C. Ap, 203 B.C Ap. II, 162-3 B.C. Ap. II, 153 B.C. Ap. II, 157-8 V.C. II, 313 V.C. II, 314 B.C. Ap. II, 158-160 V.C. 11,314 B.C Ap, 160-2 B.C. Ap.. 163 B.C Ap, 163 B.C. Ap, 164 B.C Ap. IL 165-6 B.C. Ap. II, 1 67-8 B.C. Ap. II, 156-7 B.C Ap. II, 170 V.C 11, 326 B.C, 49 B.C. Ap. IV, 4«, 51, 54 B.C. Ap. II, 177-9 V.C Ap. II, 123-5 B.C Ap. II, 154-5 B.C Ap. II, 154 B.C Ap. II, 155 B.C Ap. II, 156 B.C Ap. II, 153, 173 B.C. Ap. II, 169 Raids.]' 326 Raicts — continued. 1758 1759 1760 Reply of de Castro, Provisional Governor of Cumana, to Gravesande's letter Second protest against, by Military Com mandant of Essequibo Provisional Governor of Cumana (de Castro refuses to give up prisoners Director-General reports to West India Company Papers anent, to be referred by Director- General to the West India Company Letter of de la Garriga, Prefect of Missions on De la Garriga explains Cuyuni raid to have originated in nis own request to Spanish authorities to investigate the murder of Indians of Spanish mission villages by Caribs from the forest De la Garriga reports briefly to Iturriaga De la Garriga reports at greater length . . Reference by Iturriaga to the raid Reference by Diguja to the raid Referred by Solano in 1761 Sequel to raid in, described by Urrutia (Governor of Cumana) (1770) Director-General sends up Cuyuni to enquire into, and reports result Director-General reports on importance of Cuyuni River to Dutch Commandant of Essequibo's protest re turned from Orinoco unopened West India Company asks as to site of Post Spanish Commandant refuses to discuss Cuyuni raid with authorities of Essequibo Has referred the matter to the King of Spain Zeeland Chamber proposes to complain to States General anent Cuyuni raid Remonstrance on, prepared by Zeeland Chamber Remonstrance adopted by States General. . Remonstrance presented by Dutch Ambas sador at Madrid Distance, according to Director-General, of destroyed Post from mouth of Massaruni Director-General reports Spanish Com mandant to disclaim responsibility for Cuyuni raid Director-General's correspondence anent, approved by Zeeland Chamber Director-General repudiates intention of reprisals for Cuyuni raid of 1758 B.C Ap.II, 169-170 B.C. Ap. II, 173 V.C. II, 128 B.CAp. II, 169-171, 179 B.C. Ap. II, 143-4, 172 V.C. II, 125 B.C. Ap. II, 181 V.C LI, 139 B.C. Ap. II, 145-150 B.C. Ap. II, 145 B.C.C. Ap. 200-1 B.C.C. Ap. 201-4 B.C Ap. II, 171 B.C Ap. Ill, 20-21 B.C Ap. II, 203-4 B.C. Ap. IV, 75 B.C Ap. II, 172 B.C. Ap. II, 172 B.C. Ap. II, 174 B.C. Ap. II, 174 V.C. II, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 175 B.C. Ap. II, 174-5 B.C. Ap. II, 176 B.C Ap. II, 176-179 B.C, 50 B.C. Ap. II, 179 B.C. Ap. II, 180 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 185-186 Raids.] 327 Raids — continued. 1760 1762 1768 1769 He reports no Indians on Cuyuni since the B.C Ap. II, 186 raid Raid on Barima, by Flores ; complaint of Dutch trading in Barima made by the Prefect of missions Flores instructed by Valdes to attack Dutch settled on Barima Flores ordered to seize all vessels, Spanish or other, without proper papers, in Orinoco Launch from Essequibo, with crew of Ara waks, seized by Flores nutside Barima A schooner and another launch seized in Barima "Halfbreed" seized with the Arawaks by Flores A schooner and two launches brought back as prizes by Flores Flores did not go up to where Dutch were settled Spanish official documents anent Flores deposes that his instructions for raid only extended to mouth of river Official survey and report on the prizes . . Declaration of Pedro de Salas, soldier, as to „ Joseph de Sosa „ „ Antonio Rovelo „ Confession of the halfbreed Yana. . Order disposing of the prisoners Report of affair by Director-General It was the canoes of Plantations Aechter- kerke and Duynenberg which were seized (193) Reference to, in 1761, by Director-General Proposed remonstrance to States Genera] auent Zeeland Chamber proposes fresh memorial to Stares General on Cuyuni raid of 1758 Raid on Barima by Cierto ; to Aruka Hills Depositions as to .. .. .. .. Raid on Barima by Capuchins ; to Moruka Post Certificate given by Capuchins to Post- holder that they only came to reclaim their runaway Indians These Capuchins only authorized to go as far as mouth of Orinoko 4 0 B.C. Ap. II, 187, 188 B.C. Ap. II, 187 B.C. Ap. II, 187 B.C. Ap. II, 189, 190, 191. 193 B.C. Ap. II, 190, 191, 19b B.C. Ap. II, 194 B.C. Ap. II, 188 B.C. Ap. II, 190 B.C. Ap. II, 187, 196 B.C. Ap. II, 190 B.CAp. II, 188, 189 B.C. Ap. 190-1 B.C. Ap. II, 191-2 B.C. Ap. II, 193 B.C. Ap. II, 194 B.C. Ap. II, 195-6 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 199 B.C. Ap. II, 198 B.C. Ap. II, 214 B.C, 51 B.C Ap. Ill, 167-175 B.C. Ap. Ill, 170-4 V.C. II, 361 B.C, 53 B.C. Ap. IV, 8-9 B.C. Ap. IV, 9 B.C, 54 B.C Ap. IV, 55, 72 328 R aids — Remonstrances.] Raids — continued. Raleigh, Sir Walter. 1765 The Creole carried off in the Cuyuni raid B.C Ap. Ill, 12. of 1758 ; seen at Spanish mission acting as head smith 1767 I Rumour of further raid on Cuyuni, . 1776 1595 Ravensbergh, Jan . . Real Corona, City of Rechteren, van Rectus, E Register of the Colony of Essequibo Register of Plantations . . " Remonstrance, 1746 " . . Remonstrances 15961597 1611 1617 1617 -18 1730 1760 17— 1775 1785 Dutch deserters said by Director-General to be really guilty of some of the raids attributed to Spaniards Visits the Orinoco . . Engbshmen left in Guiana by, arrested Chart of Guiana attributed to On Berrio's Orinoco enterprise Contemplated encountering Spaniards Search for gold mines mentioned by 1762 -5 1781 1759 -69 1759 " Proposals "by On Spanish relations with Essequibo Expedition of ; and sack of St. Thome A Dutchman from Essequibo trading in the Aguirre (Orinoco) Reference to foundation of the City by Iturriaga Abandonment of, by settlers Dutch ambassador at Madrid Despatch on proposed Cartel with Spain , On formation of coast from Pomeroon to Amakuru Boundaries defined as from the Abary tc the Amakuru Of Essequibo Commandeur's letters called a By Dutch to Spanish Court B.C. Ap. Ill, 142 B.C. Ap. IV, 162 B.C. Ap. I, 9 V.C, 44-5 V.C. II, 257 V.C, 46 V.C. Atlas, 21 B.C. Ap. VII, 340-1 B.C, 21 V.C, 47 B.C. Ap. I, 21 V.C II, 10 V.C, 43 B.C, 23 B.C. Ap. I. 49-56 V.C. 47-8 V.C. Ill, 265 B.C. Ap. II, 11 B.C.C. Ap, 205 B.C. Ap. Ill, 25, 26 , V.C II, 226 B.C. Ap. V, 35 V.C. II, 241 B.C. Ap. VII, 243 B.C. Ap. II, 111, 118, 212 223 V.C. II, 159 V.C. II, 238 V.C, 157 B.C.C, 103 V.C, 157, 160 V.A., 80 Bearing of, on boundary .. [Burr]! V.C.C. II, 187 By Dutch to Spanish Government ou Cuyuni raid Approved by Zeeland Chamber B.C, 15, 50, 52 V.C, 158 V.A, 69 B.C. Ap. II, 176 329 Remonstrances— Restrepo.J Remonstrances — continued. 1759 1762 1769 On Cuyuni raid ; presented by Zeeland; B.C Ap. II, 181 Chamber RequenaResen, Pieter van der Heijden, Commandeur of Essequibo, See under Dutcii Gover nors. 1707-19 Restrepo, J. M 1775 1785 1796 1827 Adopted by States General. . Dutch Ambassador at Madrid reports that he has presented it Said to have abandoned Gravesande's limits for Dutch boundary On Cuyuni raid of 1758 ; Zeeland Chamber wants answer to By Dutch to Spanish Government. . Proceedings of Amsterdam Chamber on Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber . . Submitted by tbe Company to States General Text of Representation at Madrid directed Account by Dutch Minister to States General of representation made at Madrid Receipt of, acknowledged by Spanish Secretary for Indies Reply of Marquis de Grimaldi to . . File of proceedings taken in Guayana upon Dutch Further papers (1770) sent to the Council. . Report (1774) of the Fiscal thereon Report (1785 ?) by Attorney on .. Decision of Council (1785) on Against harbouring runaways, and attack ing Indians Reply to Dutch Note of Fiscal on Map by Map by B.C Ap. II, 176-7 B.C. Ap. II, 179 V.A, 333 B.C. Ap. II, 214 B.C, 54 V.C, 159 B.C.C, 104 V.A, 69, 80; II, 548 B.C. Ap. IV, 25 V.C. II, 195 B.C Ap. IV, 19, 26, 27 V.C. II, 192 B.C. Ap. IV, 27 B.C. Ap. IV, 29-32 V.C II, 198 B.C. Ap. IV, 32, 33 B.C. Ap. IV, 38, 39 V.C. Ill, 381 B.C. Ap. IV, 38 V.C. 11,211 B.C. Ap. IV, 46-69 B.C. Ap. V, 32 V.C. II, 433 B.C Ap. V. 33 V.C. II, 429 B.C Ap. V, 33 V.C. II, 441 B.C. Ap. V, 34 V.C. II, 442 B.C, 98 B.C. Ao. IV, 132, 135 V.C, 159 V.C, II, 225 B.C.C, 105 B.C. Ap. IV, 135 B.C Ap. V, 34 V.C, lfil V.C. II, 441 B.C Ap. VII, 366-7 V.CC. II, 2'~3 V.C.C. Atlas, 13 330 Resurrection— Rodil.] ResurrectionReynal, Abbe Ricards v. Williams Richardson, Thomas Rijs, Christiaen " Ringcollars " Rio Branco. See under B. Rio Negro. See under N . Riviere, Pieter de la Riviere, Jan la Roberts, A. C. Robertson, William Rochette, La 1876 1831 1834 1741 1742 1758 1701 1703 -4 1726 1727 1756 1758 17591769 1808 1812 1814 . 1783 Rocky R. (Upper Barima) . . 1871 Rocou=Annatto, q.v. Rodil, General Santiago . .1 1887 Akawai story of S. Calano's reference to his " History . . . of the Two Indies " Quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders Postholder at Massaruni Reports compliance with instructions to assist Mr. Schomburgk Sent by Horstman " over sea " with news of having planted Dutch flag on Lake Parima With Horstman, has broken faith and passed into Portuguese territory and service i.e., Silver badges given to Indians Reached by the Dutch via Essequibo and Rupununi Arrives in Essequibo from Berbice Appointed to charge of bread garden of Kijkoveral, wee Anthony Garlyn promoted Postholder of Mahaicony Twenty-three red slaves run away from Plantatk n of Killed in the Orinoco Petition to Court of Justice re Felderman's land in Pomeroon referred to Court of Policy At St. Thome, ordered to translate letter of Director-General of Essequibo Forbidden to settle iu Barima Widow of, robbed by Spaniards in Moruka Appointed Protector of Indians for Esse quibo River and its branches Appointed Fiscal of Essequibo Appears as " Protector of Indians " for Essequibo Map by, founded on observations by Cap tain Edward Thompson Boundary mark placed by Schomburgk at Sent as Venezuelan Commissioner to inspect alleged British encroachment, report of B.C. Ap. VII, 225 B.C Ap. VII, 93 V.A, 374, 385, 389 B.C. Ap. VI, 43 B.C A p. VI, 59 B.C. Ap. II, 32, 35 B.C. Ap. II, 36 B.C. Ap. VII, 244 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C.C Ap, 155 B.C.C. Ap, 158 B.C Ap. VII, 153 B.C. Ap. II, 6 B.C. Ap. II, 16 V.C, 136 V.C. II, 80 B.C. Ap. II, 124, 142-3 B.C. Ap. II, 153 B.C. Ap. IV, 12 B.C Ap. IV, 12 V.C. II, 187 B.C.C. Ap, 1808 B.C.C. Ap, 268 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C, 139 B.C. Ap. VII, 362-3 B.C. Atlas, 30 V.C.Atlas, 43 V.CC. II, 251-2, 295 B.C Ap. VII, 23 B.C. Ap. VII, 122 Rod rigues— Roraima Mt.] 331 Rodrigues, Francisco Rodriguez, Don Rodriguez, G. Santiago Rodriguez, Nicolas Rodrigo, Pieter Rodway, James 1840 1762 1841 1775 1699 1700 Roggeveen Rojas, Senor Jose M. de Rojas Line . . Rol, Hendrik, Commandeur of Essequibo. See underGovER- nors, Dutch, 1670-76. Rolfs History of S. America Romero, Carib Indian, Barima R Romero, Juan J. Roraima Mt. 18841889 18911892 1893 1896 1675 18771883 1881 1841 (193) 1839 1843 Postholder of Orinoco, visits Georgetown through Moruka, under pass from Superintendent King A resident of five years in Essequibo, frequently journeying to Orinoco Sent to Georgetown as Venezuelan Com missioner re boundary question Quoted as authority for Dutch Post of Cumaka on Essequibo above mouth of Rupununi A free planter of Essequibo Takes over Plantation de Gonde Meulen . . Description of colony in 1842-3 Description of Post in the interior. . On Commission of 1850 On difficulties of Cuyuni Article in Timehri by His " History of British Guiana " cited . . Handbook for the Chicago Exhibition On mines . . . . . . Remarks on sand reefs, cited On the boundary question, extracts Charts by Munster Resident for Venezuela at London Recalled from London. (See under Diplo macy.) Statement of Declined bv Great Britain . . Schomburgk's reference to. Declaration of Sent to Georgetown as Venezuelan Com missioner re boundary As culminating point of mountains of region,both geographically and politically As meeting point of boundaries of Brazil, Venezuela and British Guiana (Schk.) Position of, according to Schomburgk . . Schomburgk's report on journey from Pirara 1 o Cuyuui by 4 P B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C. Ap. VII, 74-6 B.C. Ap VII, 3 B.C.C. Ap, 55 B.C.C. Ap, 101 V.C, 175 V.C, 169 V.C. 176 V.C. ,30 V.C.V.C. 190 III, 317, 322-49 V.C. III, 410, 411 V.C. 191 V.C. 196 V.C. ,25 V.C. III, 357 B.C Ap. VII, 246-7 V.C.C II, 234 B.C. Ap. VII, 95 B.C. Ap. VII, 104 B.C. Ap. VII, 98 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 B.C Ap. VII, 32 B.C. Ap. VII, 230 B.C Ap. VII, 74-6 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C Ap.VII, 49 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C. Ap, 49-51 332 Roraima —Rupununi River.] Roraima — continued. Rosario, Jose Rose, Peter Rosebery, Lord. See also under Diplomacy. Rosebery Line Rosen, van, Jan Adolff 1843 Its importance in Schomburgk line Explored only by British Succeeded Raffaelle as Captain of Spanish Arawaks of Moruka ! Declaration by i 1834 I Protector of Indians, Pomeroon Rotela, Don Sebastian de, Governor of Trinidad Rotella, Bernardo, in charge of Jesuit Missions on the Orinoco 1886 J886 1749 17551765 1767 1688 1690 1733 On importance of Orinoco to Venezuela Proposal for Petitions King of Sweden as to Barima and Waini Petitions King of Prussia as to Barima B.C. Ap. Ill, 153 Rous3elet Rovers, i.e., Negro Traders. . Rowland, Dr. Royalty 17661767 1747 1891 17541756 and Waini Dealt with by Court of Justice for ill- treatment of Adams in Barima West India Company enquire what juris diction over him in Barima Gravesande's explanation of jurisdiction over His visit to Guayana, the population of which he reports to be 7 citizens and some soldiers of the Castle Report on Guayana and Trinidad by Petition to Government of Trinidad for aid for the missions then almost destroyed by assaults by Caribs from Barima Letter to Commandant of S. Thome for aid, &c. His journey to Orinoco Spanish refugees at his plantation in Essequibo Plantation of his widow in Moruka Two Dutch " rovers " murdered by Indians on Upper Essequibo Observations on the census of British Guiana B.C. .Ap.VII, 49 B.A, 55 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VII, 222 B.C. Ap. VI, 58 V.C, 23 V.C. Ill, 160 B.C, 131 B.C. Ap. VII, 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 152 V.C. II, 104 V.C II, 118 B.C. Ap. Ill, 132 B.C.C. Ap, 206-216 B.C. Ap. Ill, 137 B.C Ap. Ill, 141 B.C, 32 B.C. Ap. I, 212 B.C, 32 B.C Ap. I, 211-12 B.C.C. Ap. 164-172 B.C.C. Ap, 172-5 B.C Ap. Ill, 137, 140 B.C Ap. Ill, 144 B.C Ap. Ill, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 52 V.C. Ill, 319-322 Runaways. See Deserters. Rupununi River . . To be paid to Company on timber grant ;B.C Ap. II, 90, 92 in Waini Offer to pay royalty for permission to cut B.C. Ap. II, 128, 129 timber in Waini and Pomeroon Trib. of Upper Essequibo (L. B.), . . B.C. Atlas, 2 333 Rupununi River — Russell.] Rupununi River — contd. Russell, Lord John Russell 17001706 1750 1758 1764 1765 1766 1769 1770 1816 1832 18391842 1884 Visited by Indian Captains from Lower Essequibo Dutch trade on, by negro traders Dutch negro deserters captured in Post of Arinda to be moved to De la Garriga refers to Dutch use of De la Garriga says the Dutch claim reaches to this Route from, to Rio Branco (Parime), known to Gravesande Ascended by Dutch traders Peace between the Macusis and Wapianas of the river restored by Postholder Rumours of existeuce of pyramid near Dutch exploration up Rumoured Spanish attack on Postholder in Dutch possession of, denied in Spanish depositions Postholder's explorations up, approved by West India Company (= Apanoni) Dutch trade to interior by, reported by Centurion (Apanoni) Dutch jurisdiction denied by de la Garriga Macusis from this river, habitually serve in British expeditions Mr. Youd's Mission on Mission at Urua on Brazilian eagerness for Rupununi Savannahs Schomburgk on importance of Savannahs to British British troops sent to Surveyed by Schomburgk Exclusive British influence over Indians of, acknowledged by Brazil aud Venezuela Atorai Captain (British) of B.C. Ap.VII, 226-7 B.C. Ap. I, 218 B.C.C. Ap, 85, 119 B.C. Ap. I, 229 B.C. Ap. II, 66 V.C. II, 105 B.C Ap. II. 147 B.C. Ap. II, 119 B.C. Ap. Ill, 107, 108 B.C Ap. Ill, 108 „ B.C, 85 B.C. Ap. HI, 120 B.C Ap. Ill, 130 B.C. Ap. IV, 17, 18 B.C. Ap. IV, 7 B.C Ap. IV, 48, 51, 54, 58, 61, 65 B.C. Ap. IV, 40 18401794 B.C, 82 B.C. Ap. IV, 78 B.C. Ap. IV, 48 V.C. II, 372 B.C.C. Ap, 269 B.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 64, 65 B.C.C, 110 B.C, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 B.C. Ap. VII, 4 B.C Ap. VII, 7 B.C, 65 B.C Ap. VI, 117-119; VII, 40 B.CAp, 44 B.C, 67 B.C. Ap. VII, 38-46 B.CC Ap, 312 B.C. Ap. VII, 23[ Recommends employment of Schomburgk V.C. Ill, 76 to Lord Palmerston Map by B.C. Ap. Vll, 366 ' V.C.C. Atlas, 5 334 Saal — Salisbury.] Saal (or Sael), Theodoras . , Saavedra, Guzman Don M. de, Governor oi new kingdom of Grenada Saavedra, Francisco de, Captain -General of Caracas Saba Sacopana Island Saigue Sailing Regulations 01 Dutch West India Company 1664 1640 1784 1785 1788 1801 1802 1730 Saincterre, Maurain Salignacq, Jacques . , Salina Indians Salisbury, Lord. See also under Diplomacy. 1632 1633 1635 1637 1648 1722 Commission to, as Commandeur at Middel burgh, in the District of Nova Zeelandia Lends troops to Escovar to dislodge Dutch from Amakuru, but in vain Report on Guayana by Scheme for supporting mission escorts by. Arbitration as to, referred to B.C Ap. I, 150 B.C.C. Ap, 42-43 V.C.C III, 11 B.C.C, 36 B.C.C. Ap. 12-19 B.C. Ap. V, 21 V.C.C. Ill, 105-6 V.A. II, xxi-xxiii In mouth of Orinoco River Settlement proposed by Marmion at Complaint against Spaniards for seizure of American frigate " Defiance " at Visited by Major McCreagh Director of the Company's plantations. Laying out new coffee plantation in Cuyuni Venezuelan criticism of First issued ; Orinoco mentioned as west ward limit of Company's trade monopoly 1756 1733 Renewed Renewed Renewed B.C. Atlas, 1 V.C.C. Ill, 134, 148 V.C.C. Ap. Ill, 159-60 B.C, 61 B.C. Ap. V, 173 B.C. Ap. II, 10 V.CC, 74 V.A, 242 B.C., 25, 83 B.C. Ap. I, 73 V.C. II, 19 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 73 V.C. II, 19 B.C, 25, 83 B.C. Ap. I, 75 B.C, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 75 .. B.C, 83 B.C. Ap. I, 135-6 V.C. II, 27 1880 Engineer of the Company, his report, on agricultural capabilities of rivers from Barima to Essequibo His petition to cut timber in Pomeroon and W aini Gumilla on relations of, with missions, and on hostility of Caribs to B.C, 33 B.C. A p. I, 252 V.C, 93 V.C. II, 79 V.A, 155 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 128, 129, 131 B.C.C. Ap, 162-9, 173 Statement as to disastrous effect of YB.C. Ap. Vll, 9.6 Fortique line and as to population (V.C, 192 335 Salting — Santiago.] Salting, Dutch, of fish and meat. See under Fishing and Hunting. Sam Peter Sandreefs San Antonio. See under Missions, Spanish. San Celonio, de 1841 1787 178 San Carlos de la Prontera San Felipe, Marquis de, y Santiago, Sergt. -Major of Garrison of Cumana Warow Captain of Canjeballi (Waini) Behind alluvial coast land Schomburgk cited as to Existence of, between Essequibo and Pomeroon but not at Moruka The reefs easily are traversed List by, of officers of Spanish missions . Letter to Marmion, on sites for missions . . On exile of Indians for List of missions by . . San Francisco de Assis. See under Orinoco. San Miguel. See under Missions, Spanish. San Pedro de las Bocas. See under Missio.ns,Spanish, Sanson, Nicolas 1789 1779 1737 1739 1745 Letter to Marmion on necessity of Cuyun. Post The name proposed by Inciarte for. the fortified village which he proposed tc put on Upper Pomeroon Sent to Spain to report on wretched state of Spanish in Orinoco Letter and report to King of Spain on affairs in Guayana Report on protection of Orinoco Recommends strengthening Fort Guayan, 1650 1656 SanVicente,on Paragua River Santiago, Captain Philip de. (193) 1774 1595 Part of his map of S. America Map " Tei-re Ferme oh sont Guiane e Caribane " Mallet-Prevost on line originating with . B.C Ap. VII, 11 V.C, 25-6 V.C, 26 B.C.C, 13 B.CC. Ap, 405. 409 B.C.C, 14 B.C. Ap. V, 95 V.C. Ap. II, 454 B.C. Ap. V, 93 V.C. II, 459 V.C.C. Ill, 148 B.C. Ap. V, 97 V.C II, 455 B.C. Ap. V, 107 B.C.C. Ap, 253 B.C A p. II, 20 B.C.C Ap, 181-9 B.C Ap. Ill, £9-92 B.C. Ap. Ill, 91 Foundation of Report on the Orinoco 4 Q V.C. Atlas, 29 V.C.C. II, 276 B.C. Ap. VII, 244-5 B.C, 138 B.C. Atlas, 10 B.C. Ap. VII, 244-5 V.C. Atlas, 30 V.C. II, 277 V.C.C. II, 276-281 B.C. Ap. IV, 127, 131 B.C. Ap. I, 9 11 V.C. II, 257 336 Santiago— Santo Thome.] Santiago — continued. 1595 Recommends settlement on the right baul of Orinoco, two leagues above Morequite Founds settlement in Trinidad Takes Englishman left by Raleigh in the Orinoco B.C Ap. I, 10 B.C, 12 B.C. Ap. I, 12 V.C. II, 259 B.C. Ap. I, 12 V.C. II, 259 Sante Fe, Government of . . 1662 Trinidad and Guayana united to . . . . B.C. Ap. I, 162 Santo, Father Fidel de 1761 Account of missions and of their destruc tion, in 1750 B.C, 41, 46 B.C. Ap. Ill, 96, 97 V.C. 11, 338 V.C.C. Ill, 68 1771 Objects to Centurion's interference V.C. II, 408 B.C. Ap. IV, 94, 95 V.C.C. Ill, 87-8 1773 Letter on missions of the Upper Orinoco. . V.C.C. Ill, 89 V.C.C. Ill, 90 Santos, Don Antonio . . 1775 His journey from Angustura to Para, with Nicolas Rodriguez. Saw Dutch Post of Cumaka on Essequibo above Rupununi B.C Ap. VII, 3 Santo Thome Principal town of Spanish Guayana Original situation of, opposite Fajardo . . Second site in 1 7th century Third site (— Angustura) .. B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C, 21 B.C. Ap. Ill, 11 B.C, 21 B.CAp. Ill, 11, 31 B.C, 21 B.C. Ap. Ill, 122 Importance of B.C, 20 B.C. Ap. I, 5, 16, 49, B.C.C Ap, 8 V.C.C. Ap. Ill, 1 B.C. Ap, 10 53 Alleged to have always served as Spanish base V.C.C, 59 Claimed as a timely first settlement for perfecting discovery V.A, 228 Described as gateway to the interior V.A. II, 733 Weakness of, treated as unimportant V.C.C, 28, 33 Spanish commanders said to have exaggerated weakness of V.CC; 28 ElSTOEICAL. 1591 Alleged foundatiou of, opposite Island of B.C. Ap. Ill, 11 Fajardo V.C, 38 1596 Founded by Spaniards .v B.C., 12 First site (1595, 6) described by Keymis. . B.C. 21 r 1595 Alleged Franciscan convent at . . . . V.C, 41 Existence of convent questioned B.CC, 30 337 Santo Thome.] Santo Thome — continued. 1597 1598 1579 1600- 17001601160216091612 1617 1618 De Vera's mention of, before death of B.C, 21 Antonio de Berrio, as at entrance to Gua) ana Keymis cited as to . . Mentioned by the Dutchman Cabeliau, who traded there Strength of Spaniards at, according to Cabeliau Traditional removal of, from original site at mouth of Caroni River Said by Centurion to have been the only Spanish settlement Retreat of Oruna to . . . . , . Only city iu Guayana (Letter by Suarez de Amaya) Only Spanish town in Guayana, with but 60 Trade, except with Spaniards, rigorously excluded from Visit of Alquica to . . Difficulty of reaching, from Trinidad (" Old Guiana ") in Raleigh's time Destroyed by Raleigh . . 1619 1620 1621 1624 1629 1631 1634 Request for soldiers for . . . . Almost abandoned by Spain A single ship could rob and ruin King of Spain's order fur an annual supply- ship to Defenceless position of . . . . Nowhere to look for help . . . , Traders dared not go to Essequibo Size of . . . . . . . . Sacked by Dutch . . Relief party, under Juan de Campos, sent from S. Fe to No Spanish regular ship had visited, for more than two years Recently removed six leagues to healthier position, and more concealed from attacks of Dutch B.C. Ap. I, 10, li B.A, 10 V.C. 46 B.C, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C II, 9 V.C, 49 B.C. Ap. Ill, 11 B.C Ap. IV, 114 V.C.C III, 1 V.CC. Ill, 1 B.A, 10 ROC, 30 B.CC Ap, 8 B.C, 80 B.C. Ap. I, 30 B.C. Ap. I, 30 B.C Ap. I, 27 V.C, 47 B.C, 23 B.C Ap. I, 49 W.C, 48 V.C. II, 265 B.C. Ap. I, 51 B.C, 23 B.C. Ap. I, hi V.C II, 266 B.CC. Ap, 9 B.C. Ap. I, 49-53 B.A, 10 B.C Ap. I, 50 B.C. Ap. I, 61 V.C, 49 B.C, 12 B.C Ap. I, 70 V.C, 49 B.C. Ap. I, 71 B.C.C. Ap, 10 B.C.C. Ap, 10 1636 Dutch waiting for reinforcements near . . (B.C. Ap. I, 78 Santo Thome.] 338 Santo Thome— continued. 1637 1638 1610 1640 (1638?^ 1653 1662 1671 1684 1685 1690 Letter of Corporation of Trinidad to the King of Spain on state of Sacked by Dutch from Guiana The Sacrament forcibly carried from, by Dutch, to Essequibo Alleged quicksilver mine near Removal up the Orinoco commenced Intended removal of Expedition from the New Kingdom for relief of No Spanish ship for sever, years Helpless condition of Escovar reports it ten years since a ship came to Said to have been burnt by the Spanish to save it from the Dutch " The two cities of Trinidad and S. Thome" No ship for 30 years to Practical desertion of State of, described by Viedma Practical desertion of Aldana on critical condition of fort of ; he declares that if lost then the New King dom and Caracas and Merida are lost to Spain Aldana reports that this, " the town of Guayana," contains 10 inhabitants, whites, half-breeds, and mulattos Contrasted with Dutch colony Captured by French and Caribs Recaptured by Spaniards . . Report on, by Governor Rotela of Trinidad Wretched and isolated condition of 1711 Preparations for defence of B.CC. Ap, 10 B.C, 12, 25 B.C. Ap. I, 88, 91, lio, 115, 124 V.C, 49 B.C.C. Ap, 11 B.C, 25 B.C.C. Ap. II B.C. Ap. I, 87 B.C. Ap. I, 90 B.C. Ap. I, 1 04 B.CAp. I, 118 B.C. Ap. I, 101, 104 B.C.C. Ap, 15 B.A., 11 B.C.C. Ap, 16 B.C.C. Ap, 15 B.CC. Ap, 23 B.C. Ap. I, 154 B.C. A. I, 152 B.A, 11 B.C. Ap. I, 153 B.C.C. Ap, 44 B.A, 11 B.C.C. Ap, 44 B.C.C. Ap, 44 B.C.C, 57, 58 B.C, 29 B.C.Ac. I, 187 V.C. II, 47 B.C.C, 60 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 18S v.c, 100 V.C II, 52 B.C.C, 60 B.C, 32 B.C. Ap. I. 211 B.C, 32 B.C. Ap. I, 212 B.C.C, 03 B.A, 11 V.C.C. Ap, II, 16 Santo Thome\] 339 Santo Thome — continued. 1720 1723 17241733 1734 1739 1740 1741 1742 1745 1746 -63 1747 Wretched aud isolated condition of, accord ing to Diguja Insufficient to close Orinoco The only Spanish settlement till Centre of earliest Spanish Missions 1750 1761 Only Spanish town Forest round, cleared by Governor Sucre. Described by San Felipe Burnt by the English, but rebuilt by Governor Espinoza Disorganisation and destitution in . . Removed from bank of Usapamo . . Described by Iturriaga Sacked by English Improvements at Iturriaga on position and wretched state ol " The only settlement of Spaniards on the river Orinoco." (Iturriaga) First made efficient to stop foreigners Condition of, before Description of (Spanish official report) Solano on condition of 1762 1763 (193) Solano suggests removal of, to Angustura, B.C. Ap. II, 207-8 B.C, 14, 32 B.C. Ap. Ill, 10-11 B.C. Ap. Ill, 11 B.C, 12 B.C, 33 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22, 68-9 B.C.C. Ap, 161 B.A, 11 B.C Ap. Ill, 18 B.C.C. Ap, 181 B.A, 12 B.C. Ap. Ill, 14, 19, 28 B.C. Ap. Ill, 19 B.C. Ap. Ill, 28 B.C.C. Ap, 52 B.A, 12 B.C, 37 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C. Ap. Ill, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ap. II, 52 B.C. Ap. Ill, 36, 46, 47 B.C. Ap. Ill, 37 B.C.C. Ap, 191 B.C, 56 B.C Ap. II, 206 Only Spanish settlement in Guayana (Diguja) Difficulty of provisioning Mission villages below, ordered to be de stroyed Described by Governor Diguja Dependent on missions for supplies Diguja's reasons against removal of Forts at Forces at Inhabitants State of Want of provisions at 4 K B.C Ap. Ill, 64 V.C II, 343 B.C. Ap. Ill, 23 B.C. Ap. V, 60 B.A, 23 B.C, 56 B.C. Ap. Ill, 40-1, 65 B.A, 12 B.C. Ap. Ill, 22 B.C. Ap. Ill, 28-47 B.C. Ap. Ill, 65 B.C Ap. Ill, 66 B.C Ap. Ill, 66, 67 B.C. Ap. Ill, 40 B.C. A p. 111,41 Santo Thome— Schomburgk.] 340 Santo Thome— continued. 1763 1764 Sarapapa Savannah of the Missions = Paeiakot Savannah, q.v. Savannah of Moruka " Savannah of the Post ". . Savon ette (Plantation on the Berbice) Saxicalli Scharden, Jan de . . 1769 1773 1777 17791820 1839 Schade, Mathias, Arawak Indian, Pomeroon River Schomburgk, Richard M. . . Schomburgk, Robert Herman . (See also Schomburgk Line and Schomburgk Maps) 1779 1750 1763 1840 1747 1748 1749 100 men extra produce famine at . . Dependent on Cumana Circuitous route from Cumana to . , Garrison of, larger than ever before Forts at 1st site of, regarded as frontier of Spanish possession Removed to Angustura Garrison and population of . . Forts and armament at Insufficient to stop passage . . First fortifiable point in Orinoco Only point of Spanish occupation on Lower Orinoco Fortress of " Old Guiana " to be reduced to an arsenal Establishment at, flourishing; the property of Sir Michael McTurk B.C. Ap. Ill, 41 B.C. Ap. Ill, 41 B.C. Ap. Ill, 56 B.C. Ap. Ill, 19 B.C, 16 B.C, 16,57 B.C. Ap. Ill, 122 B.C. Ap. IV, 43 B.C. Ap. IV, 112 B.C. Ap. IV, 112, 113 B.C. Ap. IV, 181 B.A, 16 B.C. Ap. VI, 17 B.C. Ap. VI, 90 B.C.C. Ap, 288 1835 -9 Explored by Inciarte i.e., the Savannah of Moruka Indians and Dutch against revolted negro slaves at On Essequibo ; residence of George Moller Appointed Postholder of Moruka in place of de Laet Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Appears before Comt of Justice for alleged offence in Moruka Died, as Postholder of Moruka Declaration of Botanist to Royal Prussian Gardens at Sans Souci. A ccompanied his brother, Sir Robert, on boundary expeditions Account of life of Survey by, purpose and effect of . . His work done for H.B.M. Government before arrival in Guiana Alleged cause of the boundary controversy Venezuelan criticism of actual work of . . In Guiana in employment of Royal Geographical Society B.C.C. Ap, 227-8, 251 B.C.C. Ap, 194 B.C, 94 B.C. Ap. II, 226-7 B.C. Ap. VI. 95 B.C. Ap II, 50. 56 B.C. Ap. VTI. 161 B.C Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 62 B.C. Ap. VII, 221 B.C. Ap. VII, 18, 53 V.C, 201 V.A, lxxiii V.C, 162 V.A, 126 B.C. Ap. VII, 58 V.A, 83 V.A, 134 B.C, 141 Schomburgk.] 341 Schomburgk — continued. 1835 1839 1840 1841 On the Cuyuni Post . . ,. V.C, 135 Leaves Post Massaruni on expedition on B.C. Ap. VI, 59 2nd Oct. Passed Post Ampa on return from interior |B.C Ap. VI, 78 Memorandum suggesting boundary of British Guiana, with sketch map Proposes 1 1 obtain joint action of Holland, Brazil, Venezuela, and Great Britain as regards respective boundaries His memorandum said to show purpose of his survey " Description of British Guiana," extracts from Employment of, recommended by Lord J Russell as Colonial Secretary Appointed by British Government to survey boundaries Work of, how to be used by Great Britain. Lord Palmerston's suggestions His conclusions to be communicated to neighbouring countries With Boundary Expedition left Georgetown for Waini 19/4/1841 Portaged from Aruka to Amakuru On British protection of Indians of right bank of Amakuru May 13th. Plants boundary posts at mouths of Barima and Amakuru On traces of occupation at mouth of Barima Remonstrance against the Posts by Venezuela On importance of Barima Point, cited On importance of River Orinoco, cited . . On the Coyoni Passage Abortive attempt to visit Venezuelan authorities at Ooriabo Reference to " the last place of the .white man " on Barima On Acarabisi Refers to former Dutch Posts at Tokoro and Tokoro Island on Cuyuni On difficulties of Cuyuni River Claims to be first scientific map-maker of Waini, Barima, Amakuru, Barama, and Cuyuni His letter to Governor forwarding two maps And Memorandum on boundary B.C, 141 B.C. Ap. VII, 1-7 B.C. Ap. VII, 7 V.A., 126 V.C. Ill, 313-315 V.C. Ill, 76 B.C, 18, 65, 121-141 V.C. Ill, 76, 77 V.C III, 77 B.C. Ap. VI, 108, 111 B.C. Ap.VI, 112 B.C. Ap. VII, 20 B.C. Ap.VII, 12, 112 B.C Ap. VII, 13 V.C.C, 46 B.C, 122-123, 144 V.C, 19-22 V.C, 19 V.C, 17 B.C. Ap. VII, 13, 31 B.C Ap. VII, 21-32 B.C. Ap. VII, 27-8 B.C. Ap. VII, 29 V.C, 30 B.C. Ap. VII, 30 B.C. Atlas, 44-6 B.C Ap. VII, 34-38 Schomburgk.] 342 Schomburgk— continued. 1841 1842 18-13 1844 Venezuelan Note with reference to his action in Amakuru Venezuelan Commission to British Guiana to inquire as to his action Governor Light's explanation of the nature of his survey Letter to Governor, denying discourtesy to Venezuelan authorities Letter (confidential) to Governor, on British claim to Barima and Amakuru This letter shows Dutch character claimed ior the Schomburgk line Schomburgk's investigation of history and tradition as affecting the boundary Statement as to early Dutch voyages (1580) to Guiana Considered natural boundary essential Dec. 23. Starts on second journey Posts removed by consent of Lord Aberdeen At Pirara, with British troops On attitude of Brazilian authorities Forwarding protest of Brazilian authorities against occupation of Pirara Visits source of Takutu River Places boundary marks on right bank of Takutu and at source Sept. 11. Begins third journey On Cuyuni -Massaruni watershed, about Roraima Traverses Cuyuni from Wenamu down to Acarabisi and on His reasons for not exploring the Cuyuni above Wenamu Under orders from H.B.M. Government effaces his boundaiy marks on Takutu Reference to discovery of sources of Essequibo by On British right to all tributaries ol Essequibo On baselessness of Brazilian claim to sources of Essequibo Suggests concession of Yuruari and Uruan to Venezuela, but retention of Barima Point Recommending survey of coast line Letter to Secretary of State reporting com pletion of general (physical) map Letter to same, transmitting this map and memorandum as to boundary V.C Ill 195 196 V.C .III , 196 V.C III , 197 , 198 B.C Ap VII 31 B.C. A p. VII, 33 V.A , 137 B.C ,121 V.C II, 3n B.C. 147 B.C. ,66 B.C. B.C. ,70, Ap. 123 VII. 80 B.C. Ap. VI, 119 B.C Ap. VII, 41 B.C. Ap. VII, 46 BC. Ap. VII, 43 B.C. Ap. VII, -13-5 B.C. 07 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 52,3 B.C. Ap. VII, 54 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C Ap. VII, 00 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C. Ap. VII. 56 B.C. Ap. VII 57 B.C. Ap. VII, 59-61 343 Schomburgk— Schomburgk Line.] Schomburgk— continued. ! * Reports by 1841 j On Waini, Barima, and Amakuru Rivers . . On Barima, Barama, Acarabisi, and Cuyuni Rivers On justification of claim to Barima and Amakuru B.C, 141, 143 B.CAp. VII, 11-56 B.C, Ap. VII, 11-20 B.C. Ap. VII, 20-30 B.C. Ap. VII, 31-33 His reports said to show Venezuelan V.A. II, 694-5 presence in Barima 1842 On the Essequibo to Pirara. On the Takutu River On proposed survey from Pirara, by Roraima, to Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VII, 38-41 B.C. Ap. VII, 42-46 B.C. Ap. VII, 47-49 1843 On line from Pirara, by Roraima, to Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VII, 49-51 Ou his second journey up the Essequibo to B.C. Ap. VII, 51-52 Pirara On his journey from Pirara to sources of IB.C. Ap. VII, 52-53- Essequibo On his journey from sources of Essequibo B.C Ap. VII, 54-56- and Corentin to mouth of the latter river Schomburgk Line. . Chapter on B.C, 18, 141-5 Venezuelan argument on .. .. .. V.A, 125 Lirre alleged to be extreme British claim . . V.A, 85 Alleged want of fouudation for line along V.A, 140, 147 the bend of the Cuyuni in the interior Line alleged to be discredited by Superin- V.A. II, 681 tendent King Schomburgk's views as to the line said to V.A. II, 681 have altered in 1841 1839 Schomburgk's anticipation of how this B.C, Ap. VII, 5 should run Line, of 1839 said to be declared as British V.A, 143 line Line of 1839 as expressing Dutch claim . . V.A, 130, 137 1841 His reasons for taking Amakuru as B.C. Ap. VII, 31-3 boundary V.C.C, 6 j Boundary on 1st MS. Map of .. B.C, 142 *Other papers by Sir Robert Schomburgk on Guiana in the Journal of the (3-eographical Society of London are : — Report of an expedition into the interior of British G-aiana (i.e. to the Rupununi) .. .. . . Vol. VI 0836) , 224 Diary of an ascent of the River Corentin Vol. VI (1836), 285 Diary of an ascent of the River Berbice .. Vol. VI (1836), 302. Expedition ... to the sources of the Essequibo, to the Caruma Mountains and to Port St. Joaquin on the Rio Branco in 1837-8 .. .. .. Vol. X (1841), 159 Journey from Port San Joaquim ... to Roraima and thence to the River Parima and Morecuari to Esmeralda on the Orinoco in 1838-9 Vol. X (1841), 191 Journey from Esmeralda . . . to San Carlos and Mui a on the Rio Negro, and thence by Port San Joaquin to Demerara in ... 1839 Vol. X (1841), 248 These, together with the Reports printed in B.C. Ap. VII, account for all Roberts Schomburgk's travels in Guiana with the exception of his journey in 1843 (see B.C. Ap. VII, p. 50) from Pirara by Roraima to, and down the Cuyuni. Of this he writes in an unpublished letter dated 16/11/1843, in the possession of the Geographical Society, "I have not been able to send in a journal of my voyage 2 " ; and he adds in a second letter dated 16/1/1844 " The journey is too interesting as to leave it un. published but time is wanting just now. It seems n -ver to have been published. A brief account of it will be found in hii brother's " Reisen in Britisch Guiana" (Leipsic, 1847), Vol. II, pages 340-51. (193) 4 S 344 Schomburgk Line— Schomburgk Maps.] Schomburgk Line — contd. Schomburgk Maps 1843 1844 1850 1858 18751886 1S871889 18901893 1841 -81 1839 As shown on 2nd MS. Map of Line not shown on 3rd (Physical) Map . . [Burr] Venezuelan Presidential message as to Marked by Schomburgk on right bank of Takutu and at source of Protest of Brazil against From sources of Essequibo to, and down Corentin ; Schomburgk's sketch of Line not intended to show extreme British claim Schomburgk on advantages of Governor Barkly finds this practically recognized by the inhabitants along Secretary of State assumes, as basis for negotiation with Venezuela True line not shown on the Stanford Map. Secretary of State authorizes issue of licences by British authorities up to, as a distinct consequence of the breach by Venezuela of the Arrangement of 1850 (21st Oct.) Notice as to, in London Gazette Secretary of State authorizes concessions of grants within im Thurn on importance of maintenance of Intention of British Government to main- tarn, announced by Governor Lord Salisbury insists on this line as laid down in Hebert's Map, but offers arbi tration west from Venezuela refuses to recognize Alleged change in British view of nature of Line how referred to in negotiations No Venezuelan tiile to east of, nor to a very great extent of territory west of Mallet-Prevost on, as a mere adjustment to natural features of old line Said to be traceable to Delisle (1700) B.C, 142 B.C, 143 V.C.C III, 303 V.A, II, lxxviii B.C. Ap. VII, 43, 45 B.C. Ap. VII, 46 B.C. Ap. VII, 55 B.C, 121, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 60 B.C. Ap. VII, 236 B.C.A, 305 B.C, 144 B.C Ap. VI, 237 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VII, 131, 133 B.C.C.A, 312 B.C. Ap. VI, 239 V.C III, 345 B.C. Ap. VII, 135, 137 V.C, 218 B.C. Ap. VII, 135 V.C. Ill, 297, 298 B.C, 144-5 B.A, 7 V.C.C. Ap. II, 303-7 V.C.C. Ap. II, 285, 296, 307 Sketch map by, after Arrowsmith (1834) B.C, 141 \B.C. Atlas. 43 ,B.C Ap. VII, 1, 374-5 V.C. Atlas, 82 1840 ! His sketch map of 1839 published in Parliamentary Paper (No. 288 of 1840) Map from his " Description of British Guiana" B.C, 141 V.C, 168 V.C. Atlas, 82 V.C. Atlas, 83 345 Schomburgk Maps— Schultz.J Schomburgk Maps— contd. Schonhoven Creek Schroeder, Paul Andrias Schreuder, Pieter . . Schultz, Jan . . 1841 1841 -4- 1841 1842 1844 1847 Map from his " Reisen in Guiana und am Orinoco " Sends to England two maps of the North west part of Colony Three MS. maps by, in addition to two river surveys and a sketch map of the Takutu First MS. map by This first published His second MS. map of (published 1896) . V.C. Atlas, 84 B.C, 66 B.C Ap. VII, 34 B.C, 141-2 B.C, 142 B.C.Atlas, 44-5 B.C. Ap. VII, 34, 374-5 B.A, 44-5 B.C, 142 B.C. Atlas, 46 Two first MS. maps of, in Colonial Office) B.C, 142 since 1841 Map of part of Guiana from Journal V.C. Atlas, 85 Geographical Society First two MS. maps of, used as basis of Hebert's map Third MS. map by, of physical features . . No boundary shown on this map [Burr] This map never published This map also basis of Mahlman's . . '¦ Karte von Britisch Guiana'' from Richard Schomburgk's " Reisen " 1867 1875 B.C, 142 J S.C. Atlas, 38-9 BCAp. VII, 137-8, 376-7 B.C.C, 99 B.C, 67, 143 B.C. Ap. VII, 57, 59, 376-7 B.C. Atlas, 47-8 B.C., 143 V.C.C. Ill, 303 B.A, 47-8 BC, 143 B.C, 143 B.C. Atlas, 40 V.C. Atlas. 9,7 1876 1887 1817 1760 1767 -70 1771 -2 1775 9 Map from catalogue of Paris Exhibition .. j V.C. Atlas, 89 Third MS. map traced by Stanford fori B.C, 144 Colony Basis of map of Brown and Sawkins Boundaries on the Stanford map are those arrived at by Schomburgk up to 1839 Stanford's map published .... Second edition of Stanford map . .. Mentioned in Militia Regulations . . Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Bijlegger at Arinda. . B.C, 143 V.C. Atlas B.C, 143-4 V.C, 26 B.C, 143-4 B.C. Atlas, 41 V.C. Atlas, 88 B.C. Atlas, 42 V.C. Atlas, 49 V.C, 166 B.C. Ap. VII, 176 B.C. Ap. VII, 166-7, 177 Postholder at Arinda, where he died 31st [B,C Ap. VII. 166-7, 177 March Postholder at Arinda B.C. Ap. VII, 170-3, 177 Scott — Senico.1 346 Scott, Major John . ^665 J Leader of English attack on Pomeroon -6 Colony 1667 j Court-martial of, respecting the attack on Moruka 1668 ' Description of Guiana by . . On Spanish voyages to Guiana His list of the Colonies which had been made in Guiana His mention of Groenewegen (Grom- weagle) Regards Orinoco as limit of Pomeroon Colony His designation of Guiana as a Province. . Scott's testimony questioned " Screpaping " on Massaruni River Sebadel, de . . Secretary of Essequibo .. Secret Intrigue. See Para, Project of Seijas. See also under Diplo macy. Seijas, Senor Rafael Senico, Indian of Barima 1826 1776 177717991701 17521762 1763 1890 1839 [Burr] His authority criticised by Burr A Partamona Settlement . . List of missions List of missions by . . List of missions by. . Francois Meij assumes office vice Maes, deceased Gravesande as . . . . . . . , Secretary writing to Company, approves of Company's decision not to suffer overland cattle trade by Spaniards Adriaan Spoors as . . Reports boat of Plantation de Pilgrim seized near Waini by Trinidad pirates Reports on importance of fishery in Waini to colony Reports Dutch fishery toward Orinoco suspended on account of hostility of Spanish By Spain and Poi tugal, to oust Dutch from Guiana Criticisms of British case alluded to . . Special Envoy of Venezuela to the disputed territories His protest against alleged British usur pation of Venezuelan territory Complains to Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks that he has not been paid for recent labour in Pomeroon V.C, 79 B.C. Ap. I, 166 B.C. 28 B.C. Ap. I, 167-171 V.C. Ill, 360-1 V.A, 180 B.C. Ap. I, 169-170 B.C. Ap. I, 169 B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 170 V.A, 178 V.C. Ill, 358 V.C.C, 36-38 V.C.C. II, 62-65 B.C. Ap. VI, 37 B.C Ap. IV, 138 V.C. II, 430 V.C.C III, 92 B.C. Ap. V, 171 V.C II, 485 B.C.C Ap, 155 B.C. Ap. II, 29-30 B.C. Ap. II, 75 B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C Ap. II, 215-16 B.C. Ap. II, 215-16 B.C. Ap. II, 225 V.C.C, 115 B.C. Ap. VI, 245 B.C Ap. VI, 245-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 71 347 Serra— Settlements.] Serra, Riccardo Franco d'Almaida de Serrawick Sesika (Pomeroon) . . Settlement .. Settlements by Dutch . . Settlement by British 1787- 1804 1865 1856 Employed on Brazilian boundary Com- B.C. Ap. VII, 4 mission Settlements by Spanish. 1613 1626 1636 1656 1637 -8 1637 1700 -25 16371 -8 1850 18381850 1883 1889 Chief of the Akawois of Cuyuni, joins Waramuri Mission Indiana permitted to cut timber at As basis for adverse holding Elements said to be necessary to constitute Not the object of earliest Dutch voyages By Dutch in interior, questioned by Vene zuela Failure of first Dutch, in Guiana Posts said not to constitute Absence of, alleged, beyond the Posts . . Dutch Acts in Barima said not, legally, to amount to As recorded by Spaniards . . In Corentin, earliest known On Coast of Guiana. . The West India Company's resolutions foi B.C Ap. I, 62 Of the Dutch near Santo Thome . . Dutch proposals for, on Wild Coast Dutch on Amakuru, Essequibo and Berbice B.C, 13 recorded by Spanish So many possessed by Dutch in America. English, Irish, and others, established B.C. Ap. I, 110 from Cape North to the Orinoco B.C.C. Ap, 309, 10 B.C. Ap. VI, 201 V.A, 41 V.A. II, 393 V.C, 62 V.C.C, 23 V.A, 459 V.C, 51 V.A. II, 420 V.A. II, 421 V.A, 459 B.C, 12 V.C, 67 V.C, 68 n. B.C. Ap. I, 78 B.C.C, 54 B.C. Ap. I, 77 On Essequibo only to Falls , V.C, 97 Escobar reports seven Dutch settlement!! B.C. Ap. I, 87, 101 in Guayana British view as to settlement service Character of present British On Hadfield's map Alleged to be confined to land below V.C.C, 59 Falls Extent of, in north-west district 50 or 60 in north-west district B.C, 135 V.C, 194 V.C, 167 None by Spain in Guayana for centuries B.C., 12 after discovery (193) By Spain in interior claimed Early Spanish 4 T V.C III, 317 V.C. Ill, 318 V.C.C, 67 V.C, 36-43 348 Settlements — Sistema.] Settlements — continued. 1618 1642 (?) 1810 Shanks, John . . . . 1857 Sheriff of Essequibo . . (J1834) Shiamacotte Indians Shier, Dr "Ship's Mouth" of the Orinoco River = Boca de Navios, q.v. Sincinenea, Fermin de Singleton, W. H Simiri (Cuyuni) = Algarobo or Algarovo of Simon, Padre Siparuni Eiver 1755 1857 1790 1836 1619 Proposition advanced by Venezuela, as to early Spanish settlements By Spaniards in Guayana, King James I on In South America, precis of papers relating to Petition as to non-execution of Spanish schemes Depositions in support Report on Expedition by, to Mines of Yuruari Grant of land in Moruka to, for benefit of Indians Certain of this tribe from Orinoco had taken refuge in Moruka Expedition of, to Mines of Yuruari V.C, 221 V.C, 41 B.C.C. Ap, 20-22 V.C. Ill, 414-416 V.C. Ill, 416-421 V.C.C. Ill, 198 B.C. Ap. VI, 57 B.C. Ap. II, 121, 122 B.C, 72 1749 (11756) Sipo River . . Sistema, D. Van 1770 1838 1839 1813 Description of Guayana by . . On survey of coast by British As Postholder of Pomeroon Declares St. Thome almost abandoned Trib. L. B. Essequibo Reported Volcano on . . Reported presence of White men on Said to have been reached by Spaniards (i.e. Establishment (?) of Mission of Mawakken !) Dutch access to interior by. . Visited by Brazilians under Leal Leal pretends to find Brazilian boundary post at mouth of Governor Light's reference to alleged Brazilian boundary mark at Macusi Indians from, appeal to Government against Postholder of Demerara An old name for the Essequibo (q.v.) above' the junction of the Rupununi Had travelled in interior to Fort S. Joachimj B.C. Ap. V, 215 His correct account of the area of the so- B.C. Ap. V, 21 5 called Lake Parime B.C. Ap. V, 76 B.C, 57 B.C. Ap. V, 76 V.C.C, 52 B.C. Ap. VI, 61 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C, 23 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap., 63 B.C, 4-5 V.C, 153 B C Ap. IV, 78 B.C. Ap. VI, 87 B.C Ap. VII, 3 B.C. Ap. VII, 1 B.C.C. Ap., 286-7 '• Report on the Indians by . . .. B.C. Ap.V, 215 349 Siraut— Slaves, Indian.] Siraut Destouches. under D Slaves, Indian See 16091645 16701686 1699 170017241726 1727 1731 1733 17371739 ?1789 1747 1748- 49 17481749 Often of the Macusi tribes. . Immunity from slavery of the four tribes Raids by Dutch and Indians to procure . . Trade in, by Dutch, said to be misrepre sented in British case Slave trade said to be inconsistent with maintenance of the peace by Dutch Beltranilla on Spanish trade in mainland Indians to Isle of Margarita Report by Commandeur on the kidnapping of Indians Spanish trade in, from mainland to Mar garita and Trinidad In Dutch Colony, kidnapping of Indians illegal, but Indian slaves might be bought from other Indians [This statement criticised^ Trade in, reserved to Company Dutch trade in, with Indians, from Mas saruni Yacht Rammekens sent to Orinoco for Company to buy from its Indian allies ah B.C. Ap. II, 3 Maganouts taken in war Twenty-three run away to Orinoco from plantation of de la Riviere Arrangements by Company to obtain, from B.C. Ap. II, 3, 4. Orinoco Running away to Orinoco B.C, 9 B.C. Ap. IV, 141, 142-3 V.C, 114-116 V.A, 622-3 V.A. II, 616 B.C.C Ap, 8 B.C, 85 A.C Ap. I, 131 B.C.C. Ap, 15-16 B.C, 85 V.A. II, 622 B.C.C. Ap, 58 B.C.C. Ap., 56, 7, 8 B.C.C Ap, 88, 105 B.C. Ap. II, 6 Use and value of, as compared with negroes Trade in, from Cuyuni and Massaruni Trade in, by Caribs with Dutch Rotella alludes to trade in, by Caribs on Orinoco as (sanctioned by Government of Trinidad Importance of trade in, from Upper Essequibo Trade of Caribs of Orinoco with Dutch in slaves, horses, &c. San Felipe reports Dutch habit of purchase of, from Caribs IndiaD of Pomeroon sold into slavery for murder Indian slave trade carried on near missions Trade in, by Dutch on Upper Essequibo . . Trade in, from Barima, by Dutch from Surinam V.C. II, 80 B.C. Ap. II, 14 B.C Ap. II, 13 B.CC. Ap, 167 B.C.C. Ap, 164 B.C Ap. II, 24 B.C.C. Ap, 186 B.C.C. Ap., 182 B.C.C. Ap, 189 B.C Ap. IV, 20 B.C Ap. II, 55 B.C. Ap. II, 61 350 Slaves, Indian.] Slaves, Indian — continued. 1750 Trade in " Poitos," i.e., Indian boys seized by Caribs and sold as slaves to the Dutch B.C.C. Ap, 196 1752 Four slaves sent by Postholder Arinda for Company B.C. Ap. II> 76 1754 Trade in, between Caribs and Panacays . . B.C. Ap. II, 96 1755 Regularly brought to Essequibo from Caroni B.C. Ap. II, 115 1758 Trade in, by Dutch and Caribs, in Cuyuni By Dutch in Aguirre and Carapo By Dutch with Caribs, right up to mission area De la Garriga's list of Indian frontier tribes usually bought as slaves by the Dutch Commandant of Guayana affirms illegality of Trade in, by Caribs with Dutch B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C.C. Ap, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 146 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C. Ap. II, 150 B.C. Ap. II, 152 1760 Dutchmen settled in Barima to trade with Caribs in Trade in, by Caribs with Dutch. Iturriaga reports B.C. Ap. II, 187, 194- B.C Ap. II, 183-4 -5 1763 Diguja reports Dutch raiding slaves on Cuyuni and Massaruni Slaves habitually raided for Dutch markets in River Caura B.C. Ap. Ill, 64 B.C. Ap. Ill, 62 1776 Resolution by Court of Policy for enforce ment of the ancient custom by which Caribs, Akawois, Arawaks and Warows were not liable to slavery This custom recognised on authority of Hartsinck B.C. Ap. IV, 141 B.C. Ap. IV, 142-3 1779 Trade carried on by Dutch at Barima (Father Caulin) B.C, 81 1807 Purchase of, still prevailing ; Court of Policy resolves on strict enforcement of law against B.C.C. Ap, 263-4 1826 Freed by Protector of Indians B.C. Ap. VI, 38 1839 An instance of alleged purchase of Survival of, among Indians at Essequibo head ; suggested British prohibition of B.C.C. Ap. 286-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 65 1841 Reference to a report by Inspector- General, and Governor's minute on Indian slavery B.C. Ap. VI, 114 Slaves, Runaway. See unde. Deserters. Slaves, Negro 1628 To be supplied by the West India Company B.C. Ap. 1, 69 1657 Supply for Guiana arranged for by Dutch B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 145 1659 -60 Arrangements for supply of, to Colouy of Nova Zeelandia B.C C Ap., 30-31 351 Slaves, Negro— Smith and Gullifer.] Slaves, Negro— continued. Small-pox Smith, " William '' (Jan Wendel) Smith's Island " . . Smith and Gullifer 1660 1669 1695 17001735 1738 175317601763 17641767 1768 1773 1776 1790 1807 1830 1831 1833 1842 1841 1843 1785 -7 1790 1820 More required for Colony of Pomeroon . . Number of, in Pomeroon and Essequibo .. Arrival in Essequibo of Company's slave ship from Guinea Coast Summoned to strengthen the Post In revolt on PI. Poelwijk . . . . Measures to prevent export of slaves from Dutch Colony Half-free Creoles on the Cuyuni . . Spanish document reports Dutch in Guiana, hard pressed by negro revolt for two years Disturbances among, at PI. Aechterkerke Outbreak of slave rebellion in Berbice . . Employment of Indians against the rebels Reinforcements sent to Colony against . . Caribs aid Dutch in slave revolt Revolt of, in Demerary Attack by Caribs on rebels in Demerary . . Revolt of, re-establishment of Cuyuni Post deferred to the suppression of Status of the " half-free Creoles " (see entry for 1738) discussed Alleged revolt of . . Abolition of African slave trade Appointment in Essequibo of Protectors of Slaves Compulsory manumission of Emancipation Act Effect of emancipation Inoculation of Indians of Moruka against Schomburgk reports among Indians of Rupununi Postholder of Arinda B.C.C. Ap, 32-3 B.C, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 167 B.C.C. Ap, 63, 4 V.C. II, 64 B.C.C. Ap, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C., 35 V.CC, 56 B.C Ap. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 186 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 223 B.C, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 224, 225 B.C. Ap. II, 225 B.C, 94 B.C. Ap. Ill, 158-60, 161- 163 B.C. Ap. Ill, 165, 166 B.C. Ap. II, 228 B.C. Ap. IV, 143 B.C. Ap. V, 120 V.C, 173 V.C.C. Ill, 173 V.C, 174 V.C, 174 V.C, 175 B.C.C. Ap, 295 B.C Ap. VII, 52 Grant of land to, for cultivation of pro visions for grant On Upper Essequibo, near mouth of Potaro Tradition of, as former Dutch Post in Essequibo Exploration of Pomeroon, Waini, Cuyuni, Essequibo, Rio Branco, and Amazon 4 U B.C. Ap. VII, 174,177, 257 B.C.C Ap, 379 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 226, 234 V.C. Ill, 332 352 Smuggling— Spanish Action.] Smuggling 1891 From British Guiana ; question as to, raised by Venezuela B.C Ap. VII, 136, 7 Snoers, Wolfgang 1757 -8 Assistant Postholder at Arinda . . . . B.CAp. VII, 163 1761 -2 Postholder at Arinda B.C. Ap. VII, 164, 177 Socoruca C—Issororo (Aruka), q.v. Sofraga, Marquis de 1631 Report on sacking of Santo Thome in 1629 B.C. Ap. I, 70 Solano, Don Jose . . 1754 (?) Fourth Commissioner for delimitation of Spanish-Portuguese boundary B.C. Ap. II, 115, 132 1758 His report to Spanish Secretary of State on condition of Guayana B.C. Ap. II, 139-141 Report on letters by Iturriaga V.CC. Ap. II, 64 1761 Governor of Caracas B.C, 46 Report to King of Spain B.C, 46 B.C. Ap. II, 203-9 B.A., 23 On wretched condition of Santo Thome . . B.C, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 206 Describes fortifications and settlements of the Orinoco B.C. Ap. II, 204-209 Refers to Dutch advance to mouth of Orinoco B.C, 53 B.C. Ap. II, 204 Refers to open Dutch pretensions to Orinoco B.C, 82, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 203 Refers to Dutch not having reclaimed vessels seized from them in Orinoco by Trinitarios and Guayanos B.C. Ap. II, 203 Refers to the eighteen Capuchin missions dependent on Castle of Guayana B.C. Ap. II, 206 Declares that the Orinoco itself would be lost if the Castle of S. Francis were lost B.C. Ap. II, 207 Suggests removal of the city to the Angustura B.C. Ap. II, 207, 208 1771 Report of, on Angustura . . . . B.C. Ap. IV, 80-81 Map by . . . . B.C. Ap. IV, 87 Sol oman, Chs On the occupation of lands without an owner V.A, 232 Soumermans, William 1661 A planter of Pomeroon, on the excellent prospects of that river B.C.C. Ap, 33 Souza, Lieut.-Col. Joaquim Jose Luez de 1839 Commander of Upper and Lower Amazon orders Youd to withdraw from Pirara B.C Ap. VII, 2-3 Souza Franco, Bernardo de Spanish Arawaks. See under Arawaks, Spanish. 1842 Appointed Brazilian Boundary Commissioner to arrange frontier with Great Britain B.C. Ap. VII, 41 Spanish Action in Guiana Survey of V.C.C, 29 Spanish title to Guiana . . . . . . V A,,l Spanish title confutes theory of terra nullius Y.A., 14 353 Spanish Action.] Sp anish Action — contd. 1598 16041608 16091620 1638 Alleged admissions by Great Britain as to J V.C.C, 68 Spanish Control Early resort to the Coast insisted on Confined to Orinoco Limits of early Spanish action in interior Alleged lofty objects of Alleged sufficiency of, to perfect prior title by discovery Venezuelan view of early, criticised Alleged control of coast region Attacks on Arabian Coast . . Colonizing charter ; grants by early Spanish, included interior Alleged Spanish road into interior (on authority of Cabeliau) Don Maldonado Barnuevo's letter to King of Spain on weakness of Spain to resist spread of Dutch influence on the coast of Terra Firma De Borja on futility and viciousness of Berrio's pretended search for El Dorado Spanish exclusive claim abandoned by truce of to Indies 1640 1648 17251653 1676 1701 1709 -12 Beltranilla on utter failure of de Vera's pretended colonization of Guayana King of Spain's order for an annual supply ship to S. Thome Assistance sent from new kingdom ol Guayana to St. Thome after sack by Dutch Proposal to dislodge Dutch from Amakurt and Essequibo Escovar blamed for failure of expedition sent from New Kingdom for relief of S, Thome, and to dislodge the Dutch from Amakuru and Essequibo Summary of alleged results achieved by Spain during this period MendoKa's failure to organize Province of Guayana from failure of Royal support Deliberate Spanish abstention from protest against new Dutch settlements Prohibition of Dutch trade in Orinoco Unsuccessful attacks, with French, on Wakepo Post V.A. II, 439 B.CC, 28 B.C.C, 29 V.C, 99 V.C.C, 34, 35 B.C.C, 28, 29 B.C. Ap. VII, 37 VC, 135, 173 V.C. Ill, 324 V.C, 173 V.C, 37 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C, 41 V.C. II, 9 B.C.C, 30 B.C.C. Ap, 1-7 B.C.C. Ap, 7-8 B.C.C, 44 B.C.C Ap, 8-9 B.C.C. Ap, 9 B.C.C. Ap, 11-13 B.C.C. Ap, 12, 14 B.C.C. Ap, 13, 15 V.C, 105 B.C.C. Ap, 22-25 B.C.C, 58 B.C. Ap. I, pp. 177, 178? V.C, 135 B.C, 32 B.C. Ap. I, 233, 235 354 Spanish Action.] Spanish Action— contd. 1712 1803 1732 1733 1734 1739 1746 1747 1748 In Pomeroon. , 1725-- Control and settlement by Spain of the Coast Region Control and settlement by Spain in the interior Jan Miguel Hernandez sent to investigate truth of rumour of Swedish action in Barima Remonstrance by Governor of Trinidad to Dutch of Essequibo against encourage ment of Caribs Possible attack by Spaniards feared by Commandeur, on account of arrival of Spanish troops in Orinoco Expedition sent to Barima by Sucre on alleged pretext of preventing Swedish settlement San Felipe proposes to prospect Sucre's mines on Orinoco San Felipe reports on means of dislodging the Dutch from the Orinoco Rumoured foundation of mission on Cuyuni Rumours of intention to establish them selves behind Dutch colony Company desires Commandeur to check encroachments by Spaniards Indians of Cuyuni advised by Dutch to take their own measures against Spaniards " Chief of Spanish " (Prefect of Missions ?) toward Cuyuni Head claims America for King of Spain Commandeur reports Spanish approaching Cuyuni Commandeur hopes Spanish approach to Cuyuni may be checked by Caribs Dutch trader reports to Commandeur that Spaniards had not established themselves on Cuyuni Restoration by Commandant of Orinoco to Dutch of canoe and price of deserters 1749 1750 V.C, 95 V.C. II, 75 V.C, 127-147 V.C, 147-156 V.C.C. Ill, 37 B.C.C. Ap, 177 B.C.C. Ap, 170, 179 B.C. Ap. II, 18 V.C III, 86 B.C. Ap. Ill, 18 B.C.C. Ap, 183 B.C.C. Ap, 185 B.C. Ap. II, 45, 46 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 51 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 57 B.C. Ap. II, 58 B.C Ap. II, 58 B.C. Ap. II, 61 Alleged Spanish discoveries on Lake B.C. Ap. II, 63 Parime in 1748 1752 Spanish Governor desires foundation of mission on Cuyuni Spanish administration contrasted with Dutch Commandeur complains of approach of Spaniards Commandant, Orinoco, asks Director-General for yacht and hardware in exchange for mules B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C, 37 B.C. Ap. II, 67 V.C II, 106 B.C. Ap. II 76 1753 ! Intrigue with Portuguese to oust the Dutch jB.C. Ap. II, 77-84, 86-88 ' from Guiana 355 Spanish Action.] Spanish Action — contd. 1753 See also under Para, Project of. Iturriaga to report on Spanish-Dutch frontiers as the result of a secret visit Iturriaga required to found some Spanish settlements towards R. Negro, tc prevent use by foreigners of communi cation between Orinoco and Amazon 1754 Justifies encouragement of Dutch rebel negroes against their masters by quoting alleged Dutch incitement of Caribs against Spaniards Iturriaga instructed to attempt to con ciliate the Caribs Spanish aggression feared by Director- General of Essequibo Spanish-Portuguese Boundary Commission 1755 1758 Arrival of the Spanish Commission at S. Thome, under Iturriaga Spanish ignorance of the disputed area . . Their only information a map of the Cuyuni supplied by the Dutch deserter Collaert Suspected designs against Dutch Guiana. . Court of Policy devises means to meet expected Spanish attack Spanish attempt to conciliate Caribs Proposal to increase Guayana garrison on account of Dutch advance in Cuyuni Proposal to put fortified mission of Akawois on the Cuyuni below tbe mouth of the Curumo B.C. Ap. II, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 86 B.C. Ap. II, 86 B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 96 B.C. II, 99 V.C. II, 112 B.C. Ap. Ill, 41 V.C. Ap. I, 111 B.C, 44 B.C.. 44 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C. Ap. II, 92, 94 B.C. Ap. II, 94, 95 B.CAp. 11,110-112 B.C. Ap. II, 171 B.CC. Ap, 199, 203-4 175917601761 1762 Raid on Cuyuni. See Raid by Spanish, 1758 Director-General complains that raid had B.C. Ap. II, 144 been made on Cuyuui, without warning, in time of peace Director- General reports Commandant's B.C. Ap. II, 171 claim to Cuyuni Director - General says the Spaniards B.C Ap. II, 197 threaten to deal with the Moruka Post as with Cuyuni Raid on Dutch in Barima Director-General refers to Spanish com plaints of depredators in Barima Director-General complains of Spanish interference with Indians of Cuyuui Director-General hears that the Spaniards are building boats in Cuyuni Attacks by pirates from Trinidad on Essequibo Proposal to open communication between Trinidad and Essequibo 4 X .. .B.CAp. II, 187-196 B.C. Ap. II, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 201-2 B.C. Ap. II, 217 B.C. Ap. II, 215-220 B.C Ap. II, 219 356 Soanish Action— Starrenberg.] Spanish Action — contd. 1779 1800 and on. 1803 1845 Spanish-Portuguese Boun dary Commission 1775 Vaunt by Pirate Mateo as to putting Spanish Post in Waini 1754 1757 Speed . Spoors, Adriaan (secretary of Essequibo) Stamper's Island . . Stanford, Edward . . Starrenberg, Daniol 1760 1636 1750 1762 1684 1875 1886 Spmish Government promise inquiry as to attacks on Indians complained of by Dutch Inciarte's exploration to Pomeroon, with a view to settlement Spanish attacks on the Arabian Coast of Essequibo. Growth and control, contrasted with that of the Dutch, at the time of the acquisition of the Colonies by the British Treaty of recognition of Venezuela Spanish and Venezuelan occupation during the nineteenth century Spanish Commissioners to delimit northern part of boundary reached (Cumana) Boundary Commissioners were Iturriaga, Alvarado, Antonio, Orrutia, and Solano Iturriaga refused supplies by Governor of Cumana Reference to Rio Negro as point at which Spanish and Portuguese Commissioners were to meet An official minute on proceedings in this matter * The conferences between the Coihmissioner of the two countries had not taken place His Map of America Acting as Commandeur Casts doubt on Gravesande's fears of Spanish aggression As Secretary of Essequibo . Resolution to make fort on Map by, after Schomburgk's 3rd MS. Map by, Schomburgk line, how shown on Map by ; note on face of . . Map by (1875) corrected 1 785 Re-appointed Postholder and Protector of Indians of Upper Essequibo B.C. Ap. IV, 138 B.C. Ap. IV, 135, 136 B.C.C. Ap, 217-254 B.C. Ap. VII, 37 V.C, 135 V.C III, 324 V.C, 156 B.C. Ap. VII, 129 V.A, 5 V.C, 197-9 B.C.C, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 133, 134 B.C. Ap. II, 132 B.C. Ap. II, 132, 134 B.CC. Ap, 206 V.C. Atlas, 22 B.C. Ap. VII, 242-3 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 69 V.C. II, 107 B.CAp. 11,216 B.C. Ap. I, 187 V.C II, 47 B.C, 144 B.C. Atlas, 41 V.C. Atlas, 88 B.C, 144 B.C, 144 B.C, 144 B.C. Atlas, 42 V.C. Atlas, 49 B.C. Ap. VII, 174 357 States General.] States General 1597 1598'1599 1602 1621 16221632 1633 1635 1637 1647 1658 1664 1670 1674 1688 1759 1769 1775 Assent to Gerrit Bicker's petition for free convoy to Guiana Extract from proceedings granting freedom of convoy for two voyages Petition to, Concerning the peopling of Guiana Extract from proceedings (1) Granting free dom of convoy ; (2) requiring to know destination of intended voyage Extract from proceedings, granting free dom of convoy to van Peenen and another Memorial to, on Guiana, by Usselinx Take no action on memorial for colonisation in Guiana Charter to West Indian Company. . Vianen's memorial to, as to how and when the Spaniards may best be attacked Proclamation by, as to the Company's mono poly of trade Renewal of proclamation of monopoly . . Sailing regulations by Sailing regulations by . . . . Sailing regulations by Sailing regulations by Renewal of charter by Resolutions of, on trade and navigation . . Empowering Jan Claessen Langendyck to raise a colony Renewal of charter by, for New Netherland Reinstate Zeeland Chamber after English invasion Charter renewed by. . Strictly adhere to Treaty of Munster Proceedings on Darien scheme Zeeland Chamber proposes to complain to, anent Cuyuni raid Proceedings on Remonstrance Resolution of, as to Spanish harbouring of runaway slaves Resolution of, as to Moruka raid V.C. II, 4 V.C. II, 6 B.C. Ap. I, 22 V.C. II, 11-12 V.C. II, 13 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C. II, 15 V.C. II, 16 B.C, 24 B.C Ap. I, 44 V.C, 65. 66 V.C. II, 17 B.C. Ap, I, 47 V.C. II, 17 B.C Ap. I, 58 B.C. Ap. I, 73 V.C. II, 19 B.C. Ap. I, 73 V.C II, 19 B.C. Ap. I, 75 V.C. II, 26 B.C. Ap. I, 75 V.C II, 26 B.C., 26 B.C. Ap. I, 132 B.C, 26 B.C. Ap. I, 135 V.C. II, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 147 B.C. Ap. I, 150 B.C. Ap. I, 172 B.C. Ap. I, 173 B.C. Ap. I, 209 B.C. Ap. I, 205 B.C. Ap. II, 174-7 V.C II, 134 B.C. Ap. IV, 29-37 V.C, 159 V.C. II, 198 B.C Ap. IV, 132-134 B.C Ap. IV, 132-134 358 States General — St. Clair.] States General — continued. Staves of Indian Captains Stedevelt, Nicolas . . Steyner, Jan Jacob . . Steynfels, H. Stoete, Johannes Stofielsen, Jan and Samuel,. Stok, Jan Stoll, A. F. 1775 1843 1760 1762 1750 17561745 1748 1749 -53 1700 -9 1746 1750 1817 -25 1825 Resolution of, communicated to Spanish Government Remonstrance by . . B.C. Ap. IV, 132-134 B.C. Ap. IV, 132 V.C, 159 V.C. II, 225 Of Atorai Captain from Rupununi Of Cabaralli Of Callietro Of Cephas Of Clementi . . Of Cornelius Schade Of Daniel Of Jan (of Amakuru) Of Jeffrey McClintock requisitions for Fined by Court of Justice for ill-treatment of Caribs on Cuyuni Dealt with by Court of Justice for ill- treatment of Indians up in Essequibo Appointed Assistant Postholder of Arinda Resigned Postholdership of Arinda Appointed Postholder of Arinda in place of Jacob Steyner Assistant Postholder of Mahaicony Postholder at Mahaicony Postholder of Wakepo and Moruka Negro traders employed by the Company Travels far up Cuyuni Dutch trader on Upper Essequilo, attacks Indians near Arinda Dealt with by Court of Justice Postholder of Pomeroon and Moruka His seizure of Fraser's boat 50 miles beyond Post, in Moruka B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C. Ap. VII, 213 B.C. Ap. VII, 213 B.C. Ap. VII, 224, 226 B.C. Ap. VII, 210 B.C. Ap. VII, 221 B.C. Ap. VII, 220 B.C. Ap. VII, 218 B.C. Ap. VII, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 129 B.C. Ap. II, 182-3 B.C.C. Ap, 208 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C. Ap. II, 129-130 B.C. Ap. II, 129 B.C. Ap. VII, 160 B.C. Ap. VII, 160-1 B.CAp. II, 62; VII, 161-2 B.C. Ap. VII, 151-5 B.C Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 64 B.C. Ap. II, 65 B.C. Ap. VI, 7 B.C.C. Ap, 270-3 B.C.C. Ap, 271-3 Storm. See under Grave- sanue and Governors,! Dutch. i I Strickland, Rev. J.. . . . 1896 Capuchin maps published by Strong, Rev. Leouard . . 1831 Application for grant of land for Bartica Mission St. Clair, Lieut. -Col. 1834 Author of " Residence in West Indies" B.C, 137 B.C. Ap. VI, 46 V.C. Ill, 402 359 St. Clair — Sucre.] St. Clair— continued. S. Joaquin de Rio Branco (Fort) St. Laurence St. Lucia St. Rosa. See under Mis sions, British. Suay (= La Purisima Con ception del Caroni). See a' so under Missions, Spanish . . 1813 1839 1841 1842 1763 On the Colony of Essequibo Views on boundary and interior "The inland military frontier post of Portuguese Guiana,' visited by Waterlon Visited by van Sircema Schomburgk on position of Communication with, to be opened by British Commander at Pirara Military condition of Re- visited by Schomburgk., V.C, 166 V.C, 171 V.C. Ill, 402 B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C.C. Ap, 268 Suarez de Amaya Sucre, Don Carlos de 1724 1743 17621763 1602 1726 1732 1733 1734 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C Ap. VI, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 49 British claim with regard to French claim to, conceded . . Alleged British mistake as to Founded Position of . . Chapter house of missions there . . Burnt by English Removal of, resisted by Capuchins Description of Letter to King of Spain on Oruna's search for El Dorado Receives Commission as Governor of Cumana, with directions to fortify the Island of Fajardo Map by Assumes government of Cumana Proceeded to the Fortress of Guayana, where he remained during the greater part of his term of office Communicates his arrival to Commandeur of Essequibo Clears forest round S. Thome V.A. II, 740 B.C, 154 V.C.C, 61 B.C. Ap. Ill, 45 V.C, 104 B.C. Ap. Ill, 45 B.C. Ap. Ill, 45 V.C. Ill, 369 B.C. Ap. IV, 91 V.C. II, 356 V.C.C. Ill, 1 B.A, 10 B.C, 35 B.C Ap. Ill, 7, 12, 32 B.C.C. Ap, 181 V.C.C. Atlas, 2 B.C, 35 B.C. Ap. Ill, 7, 13 B.C. Ap. Ill, 7, 13, 32 B.C. Ap. II, 18 V.C. II, 85 1193) First opened communication by land from Orinoco to the Provinces of Cumana and Barcelona Forbids Dutch trade with the Orinoco . . Arranges division of missionary teriitory between the various Orders 4 Y .. B.CAp. 111,18 B.C. Ap. Ill, 18 V.C. II, 87 B.C Ap. II, 22-24 360 Sucre — Superintendent.] Sucre — continued. 1734 Informs Commandeur of expected settle ment of Swedes on Bar ima Ordered to resist Swedes . . 1735, Reports hostility of Caribs to Spanifh missions Goes to drive Caribs from Angustura Proposes to try to fortify Angustura, to block Carib inroads Report on, as to fortification of, Diguja's references to Sucre, Vincetite Supama River (trib. of Yumari) Supamo(Uruan) Supamo. Sec also under Missions, Spanish. Supenaam River 1737 1710 1817 1758 1788 Superintendent of Indians Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Reports hostility of Caribs, and intentions of Swedes to settle in Barima Left Guayana and resigned his government Commandant of Lower Orinoco, av.d of the Line of the Spanish Settlements (i.e., from Curua'che to Piacoa) De la Garriga refers to Avechica as on this river, which in one and the same letter he calls Supama and Usupama Junction of, with Cuyuni recommended by B.C, 59 Marmion for Spanish settlement iB.C Ap. V, 6 J B.C Ap. II, 18 B.C. Ap. Ill, 82 V.C. II, 283 B.C. A p. II, 22 B.C. Ill, 83 B.C. Ap. II, 22 B.C. A p. Ill, 13, 32 B.A, 11 B.C Ap. II, 25 B.CAp. Ill, 19 B.C. Ap. VI, 8 B.CAp. II, 145, 147 1721 1727 -30 1730 -40 1740 -50 1750 -GO 18381844 1850 On L.B. of Essequibo River, near mouth , Timber cutting iu. sanctioned Earliest grants for plantations in . . Sixteen further grants on . . Five further grants on Again further grants on " Postholders' road" from, to Pomeroon Parish of St. John extending to . . Settlements near, on Hadfield's map Postholder Baird's report on Akawois migrate from Barima to . . Condition of estates near . . 1--134 Creation of such a post suggested Functions of. B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 187 B.C Ap. VII, 187-H B.C. Ap. VII, 188-91 B.C. Ap. VII, 191-4 B.C Ap. VII, 194-6 B.C. Ap.VI, 105-12 8; VII, 225 V.C, 166 V.C, 107 B.C.C. Ap, 297 B.C. Ap. VI, 13G V.C, 178 B.C. Ap. VI, 56 .. B.C, 17 Their periodic visits through N. W. to . . j B.C Ap. VII, 213. --2 1 :ll± S 223, 224 361 Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks.] Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks— continued. 1838 1839 Resort of the ludiun captains to, from, B.C. Ap. VII, 221 Amakuru aud rivers east of that Captain dementis' preparations to receive the Superintendent on his periodic visits Venezuelan criticism of journeys by First appointed Appointing. Superintendents of Bivers and Creeks, abolishing Protectors of Indians, and definiug duties of Postholders Ordnance Three appointed, respectively, for Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo To visit quarterly, and report on each station aud postholder To exercise limited magisterial functions in remote parts Office of, first held by Crichton Visits and acts magisterially in Moruka . . Report of, for third quarter Journals of . . Visits Essequibo, Massaruni, Pomeroon, Moruka, Waini, Baramani, Biara, Asakarta, Barima, Aruka Visits Essequibo, Pomeroon, Moruka, Waini, Barima Rivers Acts magisterially in Lower Essequibo, in Cuyuui and Massaruni Acts magisterially in Pomeroon and Moruka, to great benefit of Indians Jurisdiction (criminal and civil) of, illus trated by journal of Deals with cases b'rtween Indians. . In Pomeroon, deals with complaints between settlers and by Indians against settlers Deals with case between constable and settler in Pomeroon Deals with complaint of Indians against Postholder Return of fines levied by . . Complains of abandonment of periodic dis tribution of presents to Indians Reports on Indians in Moruka and Wakepo Reliance of Indians on Reports on Hilhouse's memorandum on Indian affairs Forcibly removes Pero Manocl from Barima Reports that the Spanish authorities never come east of Amakuru River B.C. Ap. VII, 210 V.C.C, 109 B.C, 17 B.C.C. Ap, 278-83 B.C.C. Ap, 278-83 B.C.C Ap, 278 B.C.C. Ap, 278 B.C.C Ap, 279 B.C. €5 B.CC. Ap, 283-4 B.C.C. Ap, 283-5 BC. Ap. VI, 65, 75, 77- > 79-86 B.C Ap. VI, 65-75 B.C. Ap. VI, 78 B.C Ap. VI, 85-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 88 B.C. Ap. VI, 65-7;'.. 79- • • 11 51 !I ^ ¦ • „ Mr. Olney's Amendments to V.A, 30-1 B.C, 1 B.C, 5 B.C, 1-5 B.C.C, 1-3 V.A, 1 V.A, 9 V.A, 26 V.A. II, xlvi-xlviii V.A, 33 V.A, 22, 34 V.A, 54 V.A, 56 V.A, 58 B.C, 9 See under : — Akawois Arawaks Maganouts Manaos Arawak-Akawois Panacays Arekunas Paramonas Arenacotes (or Partamonas) Caribs Pariacots Guaranos Waikas Guaycas Warows Macusis Wauwejans Duty of . . . . . . . . Visited by Berrio Settled by de Vera Flemings hanged at Spanish scheme for defence of One Spanish settlement at . . Only twenty-six Spanish residents in, with 4,000 warlike Indians Described by Ousiel. . Sacked by Dutch from Guiana V.A, 9 B.C. Ap. I, 3 B.C. Ap. I, 4 B.C. Ap. I, 36 V.C, 50 V.C. II, 261 V.C.C. Ill, 6 V.C.C. Ill, 6 B.C.C Ap, 10 V.C. II, 22 B.C, 12, 13 B.C. Ap. I, 94 Letter of Corporatiou of, to the King of B.C. Ap. I, 88 Spain on the state of S. Thome Under same Government as Province of Guayana Escovar reports Spaniards in, attacked and hard pressed by Dutch B.CC Ap, 12-14 B.C.C. Ap, 16 38! Trinidad— Truce of 1609.] Trinidad— continued. 1640 1653 1662 1671 1680 16821700 1727 1731 1733 1762 Trombetas River. See Caphiwuin River. Trotz Truce of 1609 1773 1608 Council of the Indies reports Spaniards almost driven out from, by the Dutch Reported by Mendoza hardly maintained against Dutch assault United to Government of Santa Fe Aldana reports, " So surrounded by settle ments of the enemy as to resemble the yolk in an egg " List cf Catalonian missionaries to . . Blockaded by French Rumour in Essequibo that Governor of, had been killed by Indians Governor of, alleged to have ordered trade in Orinoco to stop Government of Guayana transferred from Trinidad to Cumana Governorship of, vacant Corcoration of, takes measures to prevent the Caribs entirely overwhelming Orinoco Pirates from, seize boat of Essequibo Plantation de Pelgrim near Waini Pirates from, attack by, on Persik's Planta tion expected Letter by Director-General to Governor of, claiming reparation for piracies Governor of, conciliatory anent piracies, and proposes free communication between the Island and Trinidad Director-General in Essequibo Between Spain and the Netherlands Whole sea-coast of Guiana open under ( Usseliux approved by Burr) Spanish exclusive claims abandoned by . . Motley on Instructions to Spanish negotiators . . That the Dutch must renounce absolutely the trade of the East and West Indies Claim of the Dutch plenipotentiaries .. That the Lords States intended that they should have traffic not only in Europe, but also in the East Indies and every where else where they at present traded as being juris gentium B.CC. Ap, 17 B.C.C. Ap, 22 B.C Ap. I, 162 B.C.C Ap, 44 V.C, 102 V.C II, 2G8 B.C Ap. I, 185 V.C. II, 43 B.CC. Ap, 90 B.C. Ap. II, 6 V.C, 136 V.C II, 81 B.CAp. Ill, 12 B.CC. Ap, 176 B.C.C. Ap, 175-9 B.C. Ap. II, 215-16 B.C. Ap. II, 217-18 B.C. Ap. II, 219-20 B.C Ap. II, 218-19 V.C. II, 221, 238 B.C, 22 V.C, 69 V.C.C. Ap. I, 52 B.C.C, 44 B.C.C, 45, 46 B.C.C Ap. II, 318 B.C.C. Ap. II, 318 Truce of 1609.] 382 Truce of 1609— con tinned. 1608 1609 The trade to the Indies already almost universal in the Netherlands Trade with the East and West Indies the stumbling-block to the negotiations, i.e., " concerning which the negotiations are at present in abeyance " Determination of the Dutch to hold the trade to the Indies. " Intention is to avail themselves of the said navigation, and to continue it by means of peace, truce or war, leaving the same to their option " Trade outside Europe (i.e., to the Indies). Spaniards maintain exclusive right to trade to places belonging to them, but offer to give way as regards all other places by medium of a private (secret) treaty Trade of the Indies The Dutch negotiators claim the whole trade, even to Spanish possessions The Spanish urge that no one has that T'he trade of the Indies The Dutch would rather continue as enemies than relinquish their right to the whole trade Trade to the Indies Spaniards in negotiation admit the per fectly open and powerful way in which the Dutch go into the Indies Trade of the Indies the crucial question. . Spaniards cannot agree to express mention of the Indies Trade of the Indies Spaniards urge that the King of Spain will find it less humiliating and vexing if it is granted with circumlocution and not directly Trade of the Indies . . . . • . Separate article, without express mention, provisionally agreed to Guarantee by England and France Offered in consideration of the great dis inclination the King of Spain had shown to agree even to a separate article as to Indies B.C.C. Ap, 318 B.C.C Ap, 319 B.C.C Ap, 319 B.C.C Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 320 B.C.C. Ap, 321 B.C.C. Ap, 321 Trade to the Indies Special guarantee by England and France ; i.e., violation of separate article will be violation of truce Appeal by England and France to the Dutch to close with Spain Articles II, III, IV .... N.B. — Article III contains the uti possidetis; Article IV embodies the concession of trade, &c, in a guarded form Trade of the Indies Secret article to be read as part of the treaty giviug the fullest liberty of trade Trade of the Indies Certificate of France and England as to the rights acquired by the Dutch under the treaty B.C.C. Ap, 322 B.CC. Ap, 322 B.C.C. Ap, 322-3 B.C.C Ap, 323-4 / B.C.C. Ap, 324 Truce of 1609— Tumeremo.] 383 Truce of 1609— continued. Trulie Cutting (i.e., palm leaves for thatch) Trade of the Indies. . Declaration of England and France as to the great difficulty they had in effecting an agreement on this point Trade of the Indies Negotiations almost broken off on this point 1775 By Dutch in Waini, recorded by Mateo . , Tucupo River 1826 18381840 1758 Tukpara Creak (Barima River) Tumeremo. (See also under Missions, Spanish.) 1758 1897 B.C C Ap, 328 B.C.C. Ap, 329 1787 17! 17891791 1817 1850 (193) In Pomeroon In Pomeroon. Suggestion for royalty on In Pomeroon Trib. of Curumo R. (Cuyuui) De la Garriga refers to, as navigable, and a channel by which the Dutch traders reach mission area Reached by Dutch, by Moruka, Waini and Barama, teste de la Garriga Dutch resident traders on (De la Garriga) Dutch said, by de la Garriga, to claim boundary passing Dutch in, said to bo slave traders sojourn ing Venezuelan Comment on Dutch iu. . Indian tradition of Dutch place at. . In Spanish Mission area Letter by Mataro on new cattle farm of . . Indians mentioned as exiled to The Mission founded Marmion ou . . Report of Fiscal on farm at Smuggling from, with the Dutch Founded without knowledge of the Governor Together with Tupuquen, was " the last in the eastern district " "Venezuelan Government began to establish new positions to east of." (Lord Rosebery) E B.C.C Ap, 273 B.C.C. Ap, 285 B.C.C. Ap, 292 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 148 B.C Ap. II, 147 B.C. 48, 82, lit B.C. Ap. II, 147 V.C. II, 306 B.C, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 149 V.C.C, 43 V.A. II, 426 B.C. Ap. VII, 218 B.C.Atlas,!B.C Ap. V, 85 V.C. II, 445 V.C.C. Ill, 148 B.C, 47 B.C. A p. V, 171 B.C Ap. V, 87, 99 V.C II, 447, 457 B.C.C, 98 B.C. Ap. V, 108 V.CC. Ill, 151 V.CC. Ill, 150 B.C. Ap. VI, 208 B.C. Ap. VII, 143 Tupuro Creek— Upata.] 384 Tupuro Creek Trpuquen Twelve years' truce." See under Truck of 1609 U. UbU^Hobo, on Aruka, q.v. Uijtlegger or " outlier " . , 1788 1840 1841 1750 1758 1817 1850 1857 1863 On R. B. of Cuyuni, a little above B.C. Atlas, 1 Camaria Unata. . .. 1771 United States v.- Hay ward United States v. Rice United States v. Aredondo United States Upata. . 1890 17621763 17791850 1857 1886 Puente, at mouth of Marked on Codazzi's map Portion of Fortique's proposed line In Spanish mission area Caribs of Spanish mission village revolted and fled to Dutch in Cuyuni Carib deserters from, alleged cause of Cuyuni raid With Tumeremo was " the last in the eastern district" A village of thirty houses, centre of gold discoveries Venezuela proposes to station soldiers at. V.C, 152 V.C, 171 V.C, 203 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C, Ap. II, 145 B.CAp. II, 145 V.C. II, 304 B.C. Ap. VI, 208 B.C. Ap. VI, 182 B.C, 71 B.C Ap. VI, 182 Visited by Holmes and Campbell from, V.C.C. Ill, 193 British Guiana Visited by Shanks from British Guiana . . Mines at V.CC. Ill, 199 V.C, 182 i.e., the man iu charge of the outpost — or the Postholder Ordered to be withdrawn, together with the villages of Tiparua, Piacoa, and Qyacoa Quoted on title by conquest Quoted on same . . Quoted on the interpretation of treaties . . Informal intervention of, proposed by S. Pulido In the Spanish mission area Town of Founded as barrier to Dutch Recently founded De la Garriga on the founding of The entrance (from the Orinoco) of the valley of the-mission area Visited by Holmes and Campbell , . Described by Barry. . B.CAp. VII, 149-50 B.C, 16,57 B.C. Ap. IV, 82, 92 V.A., 278 V.A, 279 V.A, 287 B.C Ap. VII 139 B.C. Atlas, I V.C, 154 B.C. Ap. Ill, 27 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 V.CC III, 94 B.CAp. VI, 182 V.CC. Ill, 196 V.C, 32 Urbanej a— Usselinx.] 385 Urbaneja, S. Diego B. 1886 -7 Venezuelan Minister for Foreign Affairs. . B.C. Ap. VII, 117, 120 [See under Diplomacy] Urbaneja, Modeste 1890 Empowered by Venezuela to re-open negotiations with Great Britain [See under Diplomacy] B.C. Ap. VII, 134 Urquhart, Walter 18301 Petition to Governor to cut timber in Waini B.C. Ap. VI, 60 Urrutia, Pedro Joseph de . . 1770 Governor of Cumana B.C. Ap. IV, 74 Report on protest of 1769 B.C. Ap. IV, 74-76 Ursua 1560 Voyage of to Guiana . . V.A, 179 Urua. See under Missions, British Uruan River Tributary (L.B.) of Upper Cuyuni. . B.C. Atlas, I Inaccurately shown on Codazzi's map B.C. Ap. VI, 182-3 Communication by, between Dutch and B.C, 8 Spanish areas Difficulty of British access to V.A, 168 1787 Junction of, with Cuyuni recommended for Spanish Post B.C, 58 1843 Schomburgk on British right to, as tributary of Essequibo B.C Ap. VII, 50 1891 Venezuelans gold-mining near mouth of, on left bank Cuyuui B.C Ap. VI, 252 Secretary of State suggests British station at, as assertion of British right B.C. Ap. VI, 250 Mouth of, surveyed by McTurk B.C. Ap. VI, 252 and 255 British station commenced at mouth of . . B.C, 77 B.C Ap. VI, 252-3, 256 B.C.C, 123 B.A, 50 Venezuelan station commenced at. . B.C, 77 B.A, 23 Venezuelan decree for road to station from B.C. Ap. VI, 250 Cura Thirty-three miles by road from station to Savannah, from B.C.C, 19 B.CC. Ap, 405 1892 Instructions to Inspector in charge of British police station at B.C. Ap. VI, 259-60 1894 British station attacked by Venezuelans . . B.C, 77 B.CC. Ap, 405 Uschner, Christiaen Godlob 1700 Owner of free plantation, Noorderbeek . . B.C.C. Ap, 114 Usselinx, William 1591 Agitation in the Netherlands on behalf of Dutch trade with S. America V.C, 62 V.C.C. II, 41 1603 Supposed author of memorial on the colonization of Guiana V.C. II, 15n Regarded Guiana as not wholly Spanish . . V.C.C. II, 49 1609 Regarded whole sea coast of Guiana as open under truce V.C.C. II, 52 1615 Duke of Lerma reports on fleet of . . V.C. II, 263 Usupama River — Valdez.J 386 Usupama River. See Supama, &c, Utrecht, Treaty of . . Uyacoa Vagre River. Valdes, Don Juan Baptisla de Valdez, Juan de Dios 1713 1714 1771 Between England aud Spain Between Spain and United Provinces Dutch possessions in Guiana at date of, contrasted with Spanish Ordered to be withdrawn 1747 1754 175/ 1758 1759 17601761 1762 1776 B.CAp. II, 145 V.C. Ill, 23-34 V.A. II, XVII, XVIII. P.O., 32 B.C. Ap. I, 245 V.C. Ill, 35-6 B.C, 32 B.C.C, 51, 52 B.C, 16, 57 B.C. Ap. IV, 82, 91-2 As western boundary of Orinoco delta 1670 Governor of Trinidad and Province of (up to?j Guayana Commandant of Guayana Assures Director-General that the assembly of Spanish troops on the Orinoco was not against Essequibo, but for the purposes of the Portuguese-Spanish boundary limi tation Reports that the Dutch inMoruka aremoving the Post down nearer to the sea His decree as to reception of Dutch prisoners of Cuyuni raid His decree for report on Spanish Cuyuni raid Decrees declarations to be taken from leaders of Cuyuni raid and from prisoners His decree remitting papers and prisoners of Cuyuni raid to Captain-General Sends back Gravesande's le'ter Declines to discuss Cuyuni raid with authorities of Essequibo His instructions to Flores to attack Dutch settled on Barima Director-General complains of, for returning letter unopened Accused by Gravesande of monopolizing the slave traffic for himself Map by, showing the Barima, where the Dutch hold their fairs with the Caribs B.C, 8 B.C. Atlas, I B.CAp. VII, 242 B.C.C, 11 B.C.C. Ap, 44 B.C. Ap. Ill, 15 B.C. Ap. II, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 138, 142 V.C, 140 V.C. II, 302 V.C.C. Ill, 66 B.C. Ap. II, 153-4 B.C. Ap. II, 153 V.C. II, 313 B.C. Ap. II, 157-8 B.C. Ap. II, 156-7 V.C. II, 313 V.C, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 175 V.C. II, 148 B.C. Ap. II, 187 V.C II, 327 B.C. Ap. II, 202 B.C. Ap. 11, 212 B.C, 138 B.C. Atlas, 28 B.A, 31 387 Van Dam — Venezuelan Action.] Van Dam, N. P. 1819 Sergeant of Burgher militia in Essequibc B.C. Ap. VI, 19 Van der Does. See under D Vattel On rights by Discovery V.A, 199 On interpretation of Treaties V.A, 285-6 Definition of adverse holding by . . V.A, 354 Vaugondy, De 1750 Map by B.C, 139 B.C. Atlas, 21 V.C. Atlas, 31 V.C.C. 11, 281-2 Veere 1657 Acts with the other Walcheren cities oi Middelburg and Flushing for joint colon ization of wild coast B.C, 27 B.C. Ap, I. 145 V.C. II, 34 B.C.C. Ap, 27-30 1767 Arranges for additional vessel to Colony ol Essequibo B.C.C. Ap, 26-7 1660 Failure to pay quota by . . . , B.C, Ap. I, 191 V.C II, 56 1688 Inquiry into contracts of . . B.C. Ap. I, 190 V.C. II, 55 Venezuela, Province of 1499 Origin of name V.C, 35 1693 Threatened by Dutch B.C.C. Ap, 46-7 Venezuelan Action 1810 Declares independence B.C, 17, 69 1811 July 5. Declaration of Independence by V.C, 163 Congress of Angustura fixes boundaries, ex parte B.C Ap. VII, 36 1819 Merged with New Granada V.C, 163 1830 Republic of, distinct from Colombia B.C, 70 V.C, 163 1839 Official sent to visit Amakuru, to arrest persons there without passes B.C. Ap. VI, 72 1840 Send gunboat to Barima B.C. Ap. VI, 99-105 British Governor's protest against this action B.C. Ap. VI, 102 184- Objections to Schomburgk's actions about Barima 1841 Venezuelan presence in Barima said to be shown by Schomburgk reports V.A. II, 694-5 1843 States formal claim to Essequibo B.C Ap. VII, 123 1845 Treaty of recognition by Spain B.C. Ap.VII, 129 V.C, 163 V.C III, 48-53 V.A, 5 1850 Arrangement with Great Britain against encroachment on disputed area B.C, 18, 71. 125 B.C. Ap. VI, 186-8 V.C, 209 V.C.C, 54 1848! Lightship (private property) stationed off Point Barima instead of proposed light house B.C. Ap. VI, 183 1874 Protests against arrest by British of murderer Garret on Amakuru B.C Ap. VI, 212, 214 15 (193) 5 F Venezuelan Action.] 388 Venezuelan Action-— co»^. 1877 18811883 -4 1884 1886 1887 1890 Attempt to persuade Spanish Arawaks of Moruka to return to Orinoco Concession to General Pulgar Concession to Cyrenius C Fitzgerald Concession to Herbert Gordon in former State of Guayana The Manoas Company; Orinoco delta and to Pomeroon had been assigned to Proclaims the. delta of Orinoco as a federal territory Vaguely specifies limits of federal territory of Orinoco as at British Guiana Governor Irving points out that Venezuelan Government leave limits of Manoa con cession towards British Guiana undefined, but that the Company has defined for itself at the Moruka Sends steamer to visit Amakuru and Barima as far as Anabisi Pasqual Morreno and Jose appointed as Commissaries Notices posted by McTurk had been re moved by order of Venezuelan authorities Joint Commission with Brazil for delimi tation of respective frontiers Commission sent to inspect alleged British encroachments about Barima Exploration of Barima and Waini ; Indian account of Issue commissions to persons in Barima, Waini, &c, and expostulate with settlers on English proclivities President erroneously believes Barima Point to be west of Barima River Proposes to erect lighthouse on Barima Point Cutting firewood on Barima Point and clearing for a possible lighthouse Venezuelan gunboat visits Barima, Mora whana, and Waini States ultimatum as to evacuation by British between Orinoco and Pomeroon Diplomatic relations with Great Britain suspended Concession for railway to Guacipati Seijas, R. F, Senor, sent to investigate personally in disputed area Protest by Seijas against alleged British usurpation of Venezuelan territory Alleged infringement of British territory on Yuruari and Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VI, 216 B.C. Ap. VI, 217-18 B.C Ap. VI, 219-20 B.C. Ap. VI, 221-2 B.C. Ap. VI, 223 B.C. Ap. VI 223 B.C. Ap. VI, 225 B.C. Ap. VI, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 229 B.C.C. Ap, 312 B.C. Ap. VII, 122 B.C. Ap. VII, 225 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.C. Ap.VII, 117 B.C Ap. VII, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.C. Ap. VI, 238 B.CAp. VII, 121 B.C. Ap. VII, 132 V.C, 217 V.C. Ill, 272 B.C. Ap. VI, 244 B.C. Ap. VI, 245 B.C. Ap. VI, 245-6 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 389 Venezuelan Action — Venezuelan Frontier.] Venezuelan Action — contd 1890 1891 Venezuelan Frontier (cf Brazilian Frontier) 1897 1665 -9 1734 1743 1746 17471748 1749 17511755 175.7 Proposes arbitration westward from Esse quibo, coupled with evacuation west ward from Pomeroon Decrees as to establishing administration between Barima and Pomeroon and about mouth of Cuyuni (British com plaint as to) Settlers on left bank of Amakuru. . Venezuelans prospecting for gold at Simiri on Cuyuni Decree for road from Cura to mouth of Yuruari Orders National Commissary with 50 Police to be stationed at mouth of Uruan (Police Station at St. Roque, established 9 Nov.) Prospecting at Ekereku and elsewhere on Cuyuni McTurk warned off by General Briceno from right bank of Cuyuni Tradition of raid by, on Indians of Barima Venezuelan control in 19th century Acts of Spaniards in Barima treated as real and positive assertion of Spanish claims on the coast Pomeroon (Moruka) colony extends to Orinoco ' Spanish Governor advises Dutch to prevent Swedes in Barima Dutch said by Marquis de Torrenueva to be in possession from the Orinoco to tbe Surinam Dutch, western, unknown tD Gravesande. To be considered by Assembly of Ten (each Chamber to consider separately) Commandeur mentions tradition of Barima as western boundary Dutch jurisdiction claimed by Gravesande to extend to L. Parime Barima claimed by Dutch Commandeur . . Zeeland Chamber claims up to Orinoco . . Precise definition of Dutch boundary not known to West India Company B.C. Ap. VII, 136' B.C. Ap. VII, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 249-50 B.C. Ap. VI, 248 B.C. Ap. VI, 250 B.C. Ap. VI, 251 B.C. Ap. VI, 252 B.C. Ap. VI, 257 B.CAp. VII, 217,228 V.C, 198 V.A, 351 B.C, 28 B.C, Ap. I, 166, 170 B.C, 34 B.C. Ap. II, 18 B.C Ap. II, 41 B.C. Ap. II, 47 V.C, 148 V.C. II, 97 B.C. Ap. II, 51 V.C. II, 99 B.C. Ap. II, 58 V.C. II, 101 B.C. Ap. II, 63 B.C, 50-51 B.C Ap. II, 61 B.C, 37 B.C. Ap. II, 72 B.C. Ap. II, 102 V.C. II, 117 Iturriaga reports that Governors of Esse- B.C. Ap. II, 137 quibo claim title also over Orinoco I 390 Venezuelan Frontier.] Venezuelan Frontier— cntd 1758 Iturriaga declares Dutch claim to " Ships' Mouth " of Orinoco Director-General claims raided Cuyuni Post as undoubtedly on Dutch territory De la Garriga reports alleged claim of Dutch up to a line due south from mouth of Aguirre Military Commandant of Essequibo sends to Commandant of Orinoco map showing respective boundaries 1759 Zeeland Chamber enquires of Director- General as to boundary 1760 Director-General claims as Dutch rivers long in possession of Holland without opposition from Spain Barima claimed by Director-General as " within the Company's territory " 1761 Claim to Cuyuni as within Company's territory Claim of Zeeland Chamber to Barima Waini " indisputably belongs to the Company " Between the Barima and Waini is abso lutely the Company's coast Barima is Company's territory by tradition of oldest settlers Tradition of former Company's Post in Barima Solano refers to open Dutch pretensions to Orinoco Solano describes the Dutch of Essequibo "near the Orinoco" as one of the boun daries of Guayana 1762 Zeeland Chamber proposes survey of Colony,including Rivers Pomeroon, Waini and Barima, and such othei s as empty into sea between Essequibo and Orinoco " Wayni (indisputably the territory of the Company) " as much Dutch as the Essequibo 1762 Amakuru regarded as boundary in Directory -5 of Colony of Essequibo 1764 Mention of Amakuru in Register said to be sole Dutch suggestion that this river marked the boundary Forts at St. Thome (first site) regarded as frontier of Spanish Guayana 1767 1 Spanish Governor disclaims jurisdiction in Barima 1773 Lower Oriuoco mentioned by Centurion as boundary of Guayana 1779 , Of Essequibo Colony. Abalos's views as to 1788 Barima Point described by Marmion as bo undary of Lower Orinoco B.C. Ap. II, 141 B.C. Ap. II, 144 B.C. Ap II, 149 B.C. Ap. II, 173 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 184-5 B.C. Ap. II, 197 B.C. Ap. II, 199 B.C. Ap. II, 198 B.C. Ap. II, 200 B.C. Ap. II, 200 B.C. Ap. II, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 201 B.C. Ap. II, 203 B.C. Ap. II, 205 B.C. Ap. II, 215 B.C. Ap. II, 215- 16 B.C, 51 B.C. Ap. II, 212, VII, 164-5 V.A, 347 B.C., 16 B.C, 51 B.C. Ap. Ill, 141 B.C. Ap. IV, 111 V.C. II, 410 B.C.C. Ap. IV, 195 B.C, 16 B.C. Ap. V, 52 391 Venezuelan Frontier.] Venezuelan Frontier-con^ 1792 British troops apportioned to the "ground B.C Ap. V, 133 or boundary of Orinoco, in order tc preserve the right to our territory " 1794 " Moruka " referred to as boundary bi Governor Gravestins B.C. Ap. V, 145 1797 British occupation to Orinoco B.C, 17 1799 Macrae's statement as to . . B.C. Ap. V, 170 B.C.C, 108 1803 Alleged limits of the Dutch As mentioned by Pinckard in 1816 V.C, 155 V.C, 126 1817 Simon Bolivar on the line of settlements from Curnache to Piacoa B.C. Ap. VI, 8 1818 According to Father Nicholas de Vich . . B.C. Ap. VI, 15 1827 -30 Governor D'Urban views; he assigns line N. and S. from Cape Barima B.C Ap. VI, 39, 60 B.C.C, 108 1834 Boundary of British Colony said by St. Clair to be undetermined on the south V.C, 171 1839 Schomburgk's preliminary memorandum o: how boundary should run between British, Venezuelan and Brazilian Guiana Crichton suggests arrangement wit! Colombia for boundary to include mouth of Barima B.C Ap. VII, 1-7 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 1840 Superintendent King treats Barima as boundary, and Morawhana as within British lines Superintendent King treats Aruka, on west side of Barima, as British territory Morawhana said to be regarded as Venezuelan boundary by Commander oi Venezuelan gunboat B.C Ap. VI, 99 B.C. Ap. VI, 98 B.C Ap. VI, 99 1841 Memorandum on boundary forwarded by Schomburgk to Governor Schomburgk's letters on Barima and Amakuru as boundary McClintock affirms duty of instruction oi Indians of "Waini, Barima, and right bank of Amakuru B.C. Ap. VII, 35-38 B.C Ap. VII, 13, 31-34 B.C. Ap. VI, 106 Posts planted (13th May) by Schomburgk at mouths of Barima and Amakuru B.CAp Vf, 112; VII, 1 16, 18, 19 2 Removal of Schomburgk's Posts B.C. Ap. VII, 24 V.C.C, 54 Boundary mark placed by Schomburgk at mouth of Rocky River (Upper Barima) B.C Ap. VII, 23 Mark placed by Schomburgk at mouth of Acarabisi B.C. Ap VII, 27-28 Official negotiations as to boundary B.C, 18 V.C, 202-3 1844 Schomburgk's final memorandum on B.C Ap.VII, 60-61 1850 -1 Governor Barkly's views as to; claims Amakuru B.C. f p. VI, 183-4 B.CC. Ap, 300-1 (\9?A 5 G 392 Venezuelan Frontier— Vera.] Venezuelan Frontier — cent. 1850 Consul-General Wilson reports Venezuelai tendeucy to press claim to " disputed area " Lord Palmerston repudiates intention of aggression, but maintains British position •' The Arrangement of 1850 " 1857 1875? 1877 1880 18831884 Ventuari River Ventura, Juan Vera.Domingode (y Ibarguen) 1886 1758 1839 1593 1596 1597 Settlement of boundary with Venezuela ui ged by Governor of British Guiana By straight line from Point Barima (including both banks of Amakuru) to Humboldt's " most easterly Spanish Post" on Cuyuni. /See British Atlas, Map 41 President Guzman Blanco's statement of Venezuelan claim Lord Salisbury's statement of British claim, by right Court of Policy petitions H.B.M. Govern ment for settlement of the boundary General Guzman Blanco's proposal to refer the question to special Court of Law nominated by Venezuela and Great Britain British claim to Amakuru Formal notice to Venezuelan Government of claim up to Schomburgk line October 21. to Notice in London Gazette as Exploration of, Father Bisbal on . . Said to be captain of Akawois of Moruka district Formal acts of possession by His account of this alleged formal act regarded as a notice of Spanish posses sion of Guiana Settled Trinidad Reinforces Berrio on Orinoco Disastrous end of his expedition to Guayana Visit of, to Essequibo B.C. Ap. VI, 180 B.C. Ap. VI, 180 V B.C, 18, 71, 125 B.C. Ap. VI, lsi;-« V.C, 2()9 V.CC, 54 V.A, 32, 60, 90, 97. 102, 104, 114, 715-6 B.C Ap. VI, 202, 204 B.C. Ap. VI, 212 B.CAp. VII, 96 B.C. Ap. VII, 96 B.CAp. VII, 103 B.C. Ap. VII, 107-8 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C. Ap. VI, 237 V.C, 216 V.C. Ill, 161 B.C.C. Ap, 199 B.C. Ap. VI, 64 V.C. 38-41 B.CC, 29 V.A, 179 V.A., 209 B.C. Ap. I, 4 B.C, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 14 V.C, 41 B.C. Ap. I, 17 B.C.C, 29 B.C.C. Ap., 8 V.C, 43 B.C.C, 31 Letter to the King by ..: B.C. Ap. I, 15 B.A., 10 On St. Thome (1st site) as "the town established at the entrance to Guayana ' Meets Berrio on the main land B.C, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 16 E.C Ap. I, 15 393 Vera— Vries.] V._ra — continued. Vergara and Llauri Vermeere, Jan Vermeer, Paul Verrio, see Berrio. Verviert, Andres Vianen, Cornells Janssen Viara Ck. = Biara Ck, q.v. Vich, Father Ermenegildo de, of the Capuchin Mission of S. Ana of Orinoco Vich, Nicholas De, Father . . Viedma, Pedro de, Governor of Trinidad Virua R. Visororun Ck. = Isororo Ck (Pomeroon). q.v. Visscher, Nicolas Vivien, L. Volcano Voyages, Early Vries, Moses Isaakae De 1609 1659 1758 17'!5 -74 1774 -6 1758 1621 17791788 1791 1818 1662 1842 1690 1825 1749 1580 1581 1597 Beltranilla on utter failure of de Vera's pretended colonization of Guayana Missionaries to Orinoco Assistant Postholder at Mahaicony Assistant Postholder at Moruka Postholder at Moruka Special courier from Colony of Essequibo to Commandant of Guayana Memorial to the Prince of Orange as to how the Spaniards may best be attacked This memorial as suggesting Spanish opposition to Dutch occupation of Guiana Accompanies Inciarte in his exploration to Pomeroon List of missions by . . Prefect of Capuchin Missions in Guayana Report to Governor of Guayana Objects to civil administration of villages His funeral oration on priests massacred in 1817 Report to the King on the miserable state of duayana B.CC. Ap, 8-9 V.C, 101 B.C. Ap. VII, 163 B.C. Ap. VII, 165--168 B.C. Ap. VII, 168-70, 176 B.C. Ap. II, 156 t V.C. II, 17 V.A,, 268 B.CC Ap, 217 B.C. Ap. V, 69 V.C II, 447 B.C Ap. V, 123 B.C Ap. V, 123-6 B.C. Ap. V, 125 B.C Ap.VI, 14-16 B.C. Ap. I, 152 B.A, 1 1 1741 1746 Tributary [R.B.] Takutu R Boundary mark placed by Schomburgk at Map by Map by Reported discovery of, on Siparuni Of Dutch, criticism of Proposal by Butz to make a voyage to the Indies Dutch, to Guiana Of Dutch, to West Indies Proposed voyage by- Bicker Proposed voyage by Jan Cornelisz Leyen A Dutch Jew, leads Indians of Barima against runaway Dutch slaves Reported dead B.C. Atlas, 2 B.C. Ap. VII, 45 B.C, 139 B.C. Alia*, 11 B.C. Ap. VII, 248-9 V.C. Atlas, 11 B.C. Ap. II, 63 V.C. Ill, 3 V.C III, 1 V.C, 64 V.C. II, 4 V.C. II, 4 V.C II, 5 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C Ap. II, 48 394 Waar Papecoij — Waini River.] W. " Waar Papecoij " . . Wacawoios = Akawoi In dians, q.v. Wadley, John Wadie, Rev. J. W. . . Wahl, H. C Waiakumma, Warow Indiar of Barima River Waiaree,Carib Indian, Barim^ River Waiboo = Mountainouti' Country on the Cuyuni R Waicaicaru = Bassam^ Creek, q.v. Waikas = Akawoi Indians q.v. Waini River 1826 1836 1854 -58 1808 1819 1821 1823 1825 18.'7 i.e., Waipopikai Cataract, on Massarun River Visited by the Postholder Wishropp Petition to cut timber in Waini River In charge of Waramuri Mission . . Postholder in charge of Lower Essequibo Post Petition for increase of salary His payment to Carib Chief Manorowa . Reports Bush negroes in Macouria Creek (Lower Essequibo) Report on state of his district Petitions Governor to be allowed to culti vate Island near Walraven in Essequibo Had been Postholder of Massaruni for eighteen years Declaration of Declaration of Death of Geographical : Intercommunication with Barima, Moruka and Pomeroon Alleged to be in Orinoco delta Alleged to partially empty through Morawharma Treated as connected with Amakuru and higher rivers Barrier between, and Moruka Dutch relations with (Burr) B.C. Atlas, 47 B.C. Ap. VI, 37 B.C.C. Ap, 302 B.C. Ap. VI, 60 B.C.C. Ap, 302, 304, 306 V.C, 169 B.C.C. Ap, 264 B.C. Ap, 18-19 B.C. Ap. VI, 19 B.C.C. Ap, 270-1 B.C. Ap. VI, 35-6 B.C. Ap VI, 35 B.C. Ap. VII, 209 B.C. Ap. VII, 229 ' B.C. Ap. VII, 239 B.C. Ap. VII, 229 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C, 9 V.C, 16 V.A, 171 V.C, 16 V.C, 16 V.C.C, 19, 20 V.C.C 11, 110-115 395 Waini River. 1 Waini River— continued. 1597 -8 16851699 16731701 170317221738 1743 1746 (193) 1749 1751 17531754 1755 Used by Dutch for commerce and fislmrv (Burr) Importance attached to, by Gravesande . . Timber granted and ownership claimed . . Historical : Passed by Cabeliau Copename Caribs flying to, from Spanish in Orinoco Salting and fishing by Dutch off . . Yacht Rammekens goes from Essequibo to, to salt Dutch trade route to Orinoco Caribs of, at peace with Commandeur Dutch deserters arrested irr Dutch plantations advised on Three deserting Dutch soldiers arrested near, and brought back from Indians of, kill two runaway Dutch slaves and bring in their hands Caribs in, described by Commandeur as under Dutch government Caribs of, allies of Dutch, defended by Commandeur against Indians of Orinoco Vau Rosen's petition to King of Sweden as to the river Indian of, summonod for harbouring run aways With Pomeroon, surveyed by order of Director-General Dutch guard-boats for mouth of . . Timber grant ou, to Ling and -Swartz Timber grant on, to A. van Doom. . Timber cutting in . . Caribs retire to Referred to by Director-General as within Dutch territory V.C.C. II, 115 V.A., 73 V.C.C. II, 115 B.C. Ap. I, 20 V.C. II, 9 B.C, 29 B.C. Ap. I, 188 V.C. II, 53 B.C. Ap. I, 214 216 V.C, 94 V.C II, 65 B.C.C. Ap, 64-5 Dutch trade by Van Rosen's petition to King of Prussia as to the river 5 H V.C, 85-6 B.C. Ap. I, 225 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. I, 226 B.C. Ap. I, 253 V.C. II, 79 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 26, 27 V.C. II, 89 B.C. Ap. II, 46 B.C, 97, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 45, 46 B.C. Ap. Ill, 152 B.C, 115 B.C. Ap. II, 70 B.C. Ap. II, 77 B.C, 44 B.C. Ap. II, 98 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 90, 92 B.C. Ap. II, 92 V.A, II, 650 B.C. Ap. II, 100 V.C. II, 116 B.C. Ap. II, 93 B.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 110 B.C. Ap. Ill, 153 Waini River.] 396 Waini River —continued. 1756 1758 Application to cut timber in ; petitions by Knott and Saliguacq Dutch trade by, referred to by de la Garriga B.C, 81 B.C. Ap. II, 148 . Referred tc*by de la Garriga as flowing out B.C Ap. II, 148 near the mouth of the Orinoco " 1759 1761 1762 1763 1764 1768 1769 1775 1779 Reference to timber grants on Said by some to be boundary Director-General refers to, as pretended boundary, which should really be at Barima As boundary; Zeelaud Chamber enquires of Director-General as to " Indisputably belongs to the Company ". . A party sent by Director -General to, in search of deserters ' Boat from Plantation de Pelgrim seized near, by pirates from Trinidad Secretary of Essequibo writes: " Weyne, which is your Lordship's river as much as this one " (Essequibo) Director-General writes : " Wayni (indis putably the territory of the H. Company)" To be included in van Beroheyck'spioposed survey of Colony of Essequibo Director-General refers to, as under direc tion of Moruka Post Comprised in colony Director-General indignantly reports a Dutch salter fired on off, by Spanish privateer He adds that the river is " indisputably Company's territory" Territory of Company extends beyond (Remonstrance) Dutch claim beyond, denied in Spanish depositions " Fishery off, ou our own coasts " Assertion, by Postholder of Moruka, of Dutch title to Spanish threat to set Post in Explored by Inciarte Sandbank at mouth of (Inciarte) " The tides .... run differently to those of the Orinoco " (Inciarte) This river and Barima. each as independent system from Orinoco B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. II, 128-9, 131 B.C Ap. II, 142-3 B.C. Ap. II, 180 V.C. II, 137 B.C. Ap. II, 180 B.C Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 200 V.C. II, 144 B.C. Ap. II, 200 B.CC, 85 B.C. Ap. II, 215-16 V.C. II, 150 B.C. Ap. II, 215 B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C. Ap. 11,215 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C Ap. Ill, 118 V.C. II, 160 B.C. Ap. Ill, 181 V.C, 138n V.C. II, 177 B.C. Ap. Ill, 181 B.C. Ap. IV, 31 B.C. Ap. IV, 49, 52, 53, 56, 60, 62, 66 B.C. Ap. IV, 28 B.C. Ap. IV, 138 V.C II, 229 B.C Ap. IV, 138 V.C. II, 229 B.C.C. Ap, 221-3, 240-3 250 B.CC. Ap, 222 B.CC. Ap, 222-250 B.C.C. Ap, 218-19, 221, 238 Waini River.] 397 Waini River— continued. 1797 1803 18071818 1820 1830? 18361838 1839 Differs from the Barima in quality of water Inciarte reports the river claimed as Dutch by Postholder of Moruka Proposed regulations for timber cutting at Petitions for land grants between Moruka and British vessels to cruise off, suggested by Spaniards Spanish deserters taken in . . Indians in list of, for military service Ascended en route to Cuyuni by Smith and Gullifer Petition of Thomas Urquhart to cut timber in Petition of John Wadley to cut timber in Indians from, attending British Mission in Moruka Visited by Superintendent of Rivers and Creeks Visits of Superintendents to, said to be a new thing Crichton's report on Crichton on character of land between Waini and Moruka Rivers Banks of lower courses generally swampy, but with hills of productive soil Shell bank at mouth of 1840 1841 Crichton reports himself satisfied none but Indians reside in Waini Indian Captains in . . Indian Captains of, had all received their insignia from British Colony Mr. William's camp (fishing station) on the shell bank Officially visited by Superintendent King Creole Dutch spoken in B.CC Ap, 221 B.C.C. Ap, 229, 255 B.C, 84 B.C. Ap. V, 183 B.C Ap. V, 178 B.C, 63 B.C Ap. V, 184 B.A, 34 B.C. Ap. V, 189 B.C.. 112 B.C. Ap. VI, 11 V.C III, 332 B.C. Ap. VI, 60 B.C, 112 B.C Ap. VI, 60 B.C Ap. VI, 64 B.CC. Ap, 283 B.C Ap. VI, 69 et seq V.C.C, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 75 et seq V.C, 168 B C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 75 Mouth of, surveyed by Schomburgk Inaccurately laid down in maps previous to Schomburgk Schomburgk's report on visit to mouth of Schomburgk on value of mouth of, for fishery B.C Ap. VI, 76 B.C Ap. VII, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C. Ap. VI, 70 B.C, 117 B.C Ap. VI, 76 ; VII, 2 B.C. Ap. VI, 97 B.C. Ap. VI, 111 B.C, 117 B.C. Ap.VII, 14 B.C. Ap. VII, 11 B.C. Atlas, 50 B.C Ap. VII, 30 B.CAp. VII, 11 B.C. Ap. VII, 13 398 Waini River.] Waini River— continued. 1841 1844 1841 1S431843 -4 1844 1845 1846 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1856 1861 1865 1881188418851886 1887 1888 Jones Alstein dealt with for imposition on Indian of Waini Indian witnesses summoned from, to Supreme Court Small-pox among Indians in, reported by Superintendent King Indians of, render excellent service as labourers in Pomeroon and Essequibo Rivers Indiars of; McClintock officially com ments on need of instruction for Indians of, anxious for a missionary John Sutton gone to reside on shell bank of Complaint of debt by Indians against Sutton dealt with by Postholder Akawois of, apply to Postholder for teacher Indians of, join eagerly in constructing Waramuri Mission Indians from, flock to Waramuri to meet the Bishop Indians from, as labourers Warows from, as labourers on Arabian coast Proposed mission on, for Akawois. . Captains appointed for Proposal for missionary to Indians of Indians of, as labourers on Arabian coast Census in British Commissions to Indian Captains in Chiefs in, receive British presents. . British residents on. . B.C. Ap. VI, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 107 B.C Ap. VI, 113 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C Ap. VI, 106 B.C Ap. VI, 128 B.C, 69 B.C. Ap.VI, 128, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 137 B.C., 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C, 108 B.C Ap. VI, 140 B.C. Ap. VI, 145 B.C. Ap. VI, 172 B.C, 118 B.C Ap. VI, 172 B.C. Ap. VI, 170 B.C. Ap. VI, 181 B.C, 118 B.C Ap. VI, 188 B.C, 118 B.C Ap. VI, 188-9 B.C, 117 B.C. Ap. VI, 190 McClintock claims its inclusion in census returns Visited by the Bishop of Guiana , . > , Lord Granville on importance of, to Great Britain Notices posted on, by McTurk ... Two German squatters long resident in . . Importance of mouth of, to Great Britain insisted on by Lord Rosebery British prospection for gold in Farms on B.C. Ap. VI, 201 B.C.C. Ap, 307 B.C.C. Ap., 309, 311 B.C. Ap. VII, 99 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 B.C. Ap.VI, 116 B.C Ap. VI, 244 B.C.C, 116 iB.C. Ap. VII, 243 399 Waini River — Wapiana Indians.] Waini River — continued. 1888 1889 1897 Wakepo Post. See undei Moruka-Pomeroon Post Wakepo Creek and Savannah Wakupang Cataract Walcheren Cities (i.e. Mid delburg, Flushing and Veere) 1663 1701 1779 17831794 1657 Rest house on Commencement of the gold industry in . . Declared a gold district im Thurn on traces of Dutch occupation at Canjeballi on Mouth of, accurately surveyed by Hohen kerk His chart of . . Tributary (L.B.) Pomeroon, near mouth . . Visited by Commandeur of Pomeroon, whc B.CC. Ap, 34 reports cultivation there flourishing B.C.C, 116 B C Ap. VI, 260 B.C. Ap.VII, 277 B.CC. Ap, 118 B.C.C, 118 B.C. Ap. VII, 262 B.C Ap. VII, 237 B.CC , 9 j5.CC. Atlas, 6 B.C. Atlas, I Walker, Lieutenant-Governor Walker, Captain J. . . Wall, Don Ricardo . . Wapiana Indians . . (193) 1659 1659 -60 1670 1686 18491857 1798 17571753 Outlier's house in . . Explored by Inciarte Mullert's death there inquired into Value of, for plantations On Cuyuni, sometimes called Acuiwang Provisional contract with West Indij, B.C. Ap. I, 145 Company for settlement, with jurisdictior between 1° and 10° on Wild Coast Conditions offered by, to colonists of Wild Coast Further conditions offered Scheme for financing the colony of Nov* B.C.C. Ap, 31-2 Zeelandia Rights of, in Pomeroon, recognised Inquiry into contracts of . . Rights of, in Pomeroon, mentioned Despatch of, on effects of emancipation Letter to Secretary of State anent effects o| B.C Ap. VI, 202-3 discovery of gold Chart by V.C. II, 67 B.C.C. Ap, 232-4, 252 B.C. Ap. V, 8 B.C. Ap. V, 135 V.C Ap. II, 250 B.C. Atlas, 10, 48 ' V.C. II, 33 B.C. Ap. I, 146 B.C.C, 55-56 B.C.C Ap, 27-8 B.CC Ap, 27-30 B.C. Ap. I, 172-3 B.CC, 57 B.C Ap. I, 190 V.C. II, 54 B.C.C, 57 B.C A p. I, 193 V.C, 175 B.C. Atlas, 34 B.C. Ap. VII, 3G6-7 Spanish Secretary of State, letter to, from] B.C Ap. II, 136-37 Iturriaga Kill some Dutch traders on Upper Esse quibo (? Rupununi) Director-Gei.eral proposes to employ Caribs B.C Ap. II, 88 against 5 I B.C. Ap. II, 88 400 Wapiana Indians — Warow Indians.] Wapiana Indians — contd. Waramea, on Moruka Waramuri Hill (on Moruka). See under Missions, British. Warapoka Creek (called also Auka) Waraputa. See under Mis sions, British. Warinambo Rapid Warina Hill (Barima) Warota Hill = Warina, q.v. Warow Indians (also called Guaranos) 1753 1765 1769 1839 1834 1871 1839 1840 1857 1830 1841 1733 17481758 1762 1763 1767 1768 Caribs offer services to Dutch against Recognise authority of Arinda Postholdei Postholder's journey to Youd's report on mission work among, oi Rupununi Spanish Arawak settlement Tradition of Dutch buildings at . . On left bank Waini, opposite Baramani . Residence of Indian Captain; visited by Crichton Visited officially by Superintendent King. Indian Captain Awar, resident on . . William Kendal resident at Visited by Hilhouse. . Schomburgk on position of The residence of Captain Clemeuti, visited by Schomburgk and Superintendent King The inhabitants of lowlands at Barima and Orinoco mouth. Not warlike. -Boat builders, fishermen Civilization of, under British English and Spanish distinguished Incited by the Caribs against the Spaniards on the Orinoco Commaudeur reports these at war with Caribs Solano describes as "peaceable Indians, for whom alone delta of Orinoco is adapted " Give warning from Trinidad of intended Spanish attack on Moruka Post Employed near Moruka Post by Dutch as salters, traders, and to prevent runaways Those of Orinoco mouth not reduced by the Spanish Missionaries (Diguja) Great migration of, from Spanish to Dutch area Negroes recovered by Dutch from Deserting Dutch Postholder intercepted near Orinoco by Demand Dutch Postholder at Moruka B.C. Ap. II, 89 B.C. Ap. Ill, 120 B.C. Ap. IV, 17 B.C. Ap. VI, 64-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C. Ap.VI, 211 B.C.Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VI, 82 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. VII, 238 V.C, 170 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 21 B.C Ap.VI, 112 B.C, 11-12 B.C., 12 B.C Ap. VII, 222 B.C.C, 2i B.C.C. Ap, 164 B.C. Ap. II, 58 V.C. II, 101 B.C. Ap. II, 139 \ B.C. Ap. II, 216 B.C Ap. II, 226 V.C. II, 154 B.C Ap. Ill, 9 B.C, 11 B.C. Ap. Ill, 144 B.C Ap. Ill, 156 B.C.. 116 B.C. Ap. Ill, 156 B.C, 88 B.C. Ap. Ill, 161 401 Warow Indians.] Warow Indians— continued. 1668 1709 1771 1772 1776 1779 1823 1831 18341839 1840 1841 1843 1844 1845 1817 Living in Moruka and Waiui Driven^to take refuge in Barima luaccessible to Spaniards, but dependent on Dutch Located at Moruka Regarded by Dutch custom as not liable to slavery Of Pomeroon ; " Spoke English and Dutch " (Inciarte) Commissions to chiefs of . . State of, according to Hilhouse . As allies of English in Guiana Their trade in corials The most numerous tribe in Barima Pomeroon district Employment of, in cultivation of annatto in Pomeroon Demand appointment of new Captains Those from Aruka R. work for planters on Pomeroon As canoe builders, Schomburgk on Chief of, meets Schomburgk on Aruka, and shows him the Staff of Office received from the British Government seven years before As labourers in Pomeroon As labourers. . Said to be entirely replacing negro laboui on estates in Pomeroon Disputes of, settled by McClintock As labourers Aid in establishing Waramuri Mission . . Application from Barama by, as to homi cide, investigated by Postholder From Amakuru, Barima, and Waini, as labourers on Arabian coast Come from Orinoco, as labourers, to Pomeroon Flock to Waramuri to meet tbe Bishop Andres Level on Spanish treatment of . McClintock on virtues of . . Chief agents in establishing "Waramuri Mission Excellence of, as labourers on the coast . . B.C Ap. I, 169 B.C Ap. IV, 2 V.C. II, 181 B.C. Ap. IV, 83 B.C, 93 B.V. Ap. IV, 101 B.C Ap. IV, 141-3 B.CC. Ap, 234 B.C., 90 ^ B.C. Ap. IV, 207 B.C. Ap. VI, 27 B.C. Ap. VI, 41 B.C. Ap. VI, 53 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 91 B.C Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 97 B.C. Ap. VII, 22 B.C, 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 12 B.C. Ap. VI, 109 B.C. Ap. VI, 129 B.C. Ap. VI, 127 B.C. Ap. VI, 128-9 B.C, 108 B.C. Ap. VI, 132 B.C. Ap. VI, 137 B.C. Ap, VI, 134-5 B.C. Ap. VI, 145 B.C Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 141 B.C. Ap. VI, 163-4 B.C. Ap. VI, 165 B.C. Ap. VI, 165 B.C. Ap. VI, 165 Warow Indians — Waterway.] 402 Warow Indians — continued. 1848 According to McClintock, most us .-ful as labourers McClintock on industry cf . . McClintock on, as fishermen B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C. A p. VI, 170 B.C. Ap. VI, 170 1849 McClintock on habits of Those of Barima lodge complaint re non payment for labour performed on Arabian coast B.C. Ap. VI, 173 B.C. Ap. VI, 177 1852 From Barima thej' report case of murder among themselves to Superintendent McClintock ' B.C. Ap. VI, 189-90 1864 Employed as labourers on Essequibo coast B.C.C. Ap.. 308 1865 Adherence of, to British Missions. . B.C.C. Ap, 309 1871 Traditions of, as to Dutch buildings on Moruka B.C. Ap.VI, 211 Wassekura= Assekuru Creek (Amakuru), q.v. Wasseemoree (Barima R.). . 1897 Traditions of Dutch residents at . . B.C. Ap.VII, 226, 232, 237 Wassenaar, J. L. H. van . . Dutch Ambassador to Court of Spain 1759 Letter to Spanish Secretary of State, on Cuyuni raid Letter to States General announcing pre sentation of Remonstrance V.C II, 135 B.C. Ap. 11, 177 V.C. II, .135 Watershed Theory Text writers discussed with reference to. . Said to be inapplicable in the case of the C uyuni V.A. II, 741 V.A, 744-52 Watershed Between coast rivers and Orinoco treated as boundary in French, Dutch, English maps Between Amakuru and Barima (im Thurn) Between Moruka and "Waini, Venezuelan description of, questioned Between rivers from Barima to Essequibo ill-defined Of Cuyuni — Orinoco B.C, 138 B.CC. VII, 237 B.C.C, 5, 6 B.C.C, 12-15 B.CC, 6 B.CC. Ap. 403 V.A, 744-52 1841 Of Cuyuni-Barima crossed by Schomburgk B.C. Ap. VII, 27 1842 Cuyuni-Massaruni ; Schomburgk on B.C. Ap. VII, 50 1843 Separating sources of Essequibo from Amazon visited by Schomburgk B.C. Ap. VII, 54-5 Waterway, The. (See alsc under Itabos) Connecting the Essequibo with the coast rivers westward Origin and characteristics of "itabos" as part of these waterways Alleged single network of waterways from Waini to Imataka B.C, 9 B.C.C, 7-8 B.C.C. Ap, 404-409 V.C.C, 7 t 403 Waterways— Wauwejans.] Waterways— con tinned. The waterway actually cut off on the west at the Barima, recommencing only from the Amakuru Creek Schomburgk, before personal inspection, writes as if the Orinoco were connected by waterway with Barima Itabo from Moruka to Waini as part of the waterway. McClintock's description of Morawhana as an itabo from Waini to Barima 1663 1699 17261747 1750 1755 1763 1779 1839 1840 1841 Waterton, Charles Watkins v. Holman Watson, John, Warow Indian. Moruka River Wauwejans = Arawak- Aka wois, q.v. (193) 1848 1813 Moruka-Waini itabo traversed by Com mandeur of Pomeroon on his way from Orinoco Moruka-Waini itabo used by Dutch Essequibo-Barima waterway fortified by Dutch at Post Moruka Pomeroon-Orinoco. Iturriaga's reference to By Barima, Mora, Waini, and Moruka the customary route The inland waterway to Essequibo referred to by Alvarado The waterway commanded by Moruka Post Moruka-Waini itabo explored by Inciarte Waini-Barima itabo, by Moreybo River, described by Inciarte The waterway mentioned by Superintendent Crichton as commencing from the Tapakuma, ceasing at Barima, but re commencing at the Amakuru Moruka-Waini. Route through, to Vene zuelan lerritory Waini-Barima (by Moreybo), traversed by Superintendent King From Essequibo to Barima. Schomburgk on The itabo connecting Amakuru and Orinoco Waini-Barima, via Moreybo ; used by Superintendent King and Richard Schomburgk Pomeroon-Moruka, via Wakepo. Officially visited by Superintendent King From Moruka to Waini. McClintock on. Letter to Fathers at Stonyhurst on his journey to •' the inland military frontier post of Portuguese Guiana" at S Joaquin Quoted on extent of possession belonging to adverse holders Declaration of B.C. Ap. VII, 2 B.C.C, 11-12 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 B.C. Ap. VI, 211 B.C.C, 8 B.C.C. Ap, 41 B.C.C. Ap, 73 B.C., 33 B.C. Ap. II, 5, 6 B.C. Ap. II, 53 B.C.C Ap, 193 B.C. Ap. II, 113 B.C. Ap. II, 226 B.C.C. Ap, 226-7 B.C.C. Ap, 241 B.C. Ap. VI, 76 B.C. Ap. VI, 105 B.C. Ap. VI, 96 B.C. Ap. VII, 34 B.C. Ap. VII, 16 B.C. Ap.VI, A2 B.C. Ap. VI, 107 B.C. Ap. VI, 171 B.C.C. Ap, 268 V.A, 365 B.C. Ap. VII, 224 5 K 404 Wells— West India Company .J Wells, Robert Welsers, The Wenamu River 1884 1885 West India Company, Dutch 1886 1897 1528 1756 1843 1897 Had been appointed two years previously as Venezuelan Commissary Claims to be a British subject Warned by McTurk against exercise of authority as Venezuelan Commissary Complaint against, for hanging up British subject by the heels in Morawhana Communication between Lord Derby and Lord Granville before ordering arrest of Arrest of, by McTurk British Government deals with complaint against, in ordinary course Trial and conviction of Excellent moral effect of arrest His cocoa patch on English side of Amakuru Guzman Blanco on trial of . . Release of, demanded Grantholder, Amakuru River. Declaration of Grant to, West of Orinoco Trib. (R.B.) Cuyuni B.C. Ap. VI, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 227 B.C. Ap. VI, 228 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 232 V.C. Ill, 159 B.C. Ap. VII, 233 B.C. Ap. VI, 232-3 B.C, 74 B.C. Ap. VI, 234 B.C. Ap. VI, 233 B.C. Ap. VI, 236 V.C. Ill, 237-8 V.C. Ill, 246 B.C. Ap. VII, 210 V.C. 36, 37 B.C.C, 29 B.C. Atlas, 1 Postholder of Arinda reports presence of white men at British denial of mission at, criticised Burr on story of mission at Described by Schomburgk McTurk on tradition of Dutch residents on Constitution of Authorized by Dutch Government B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 130 V.C. II, 122 B.A, 15 V.A. II, 422 V.C.C, 27 V.C.C II, 201-206 B.C. 67 B.C. Ap, 50 B.C. Ap. VII, 234 V.C, 53 V.A, 244 Bearing of its constitution on question of jV.A., 239 title Principal object of, said to have been V.C, 75 privateering Trade by V.A, 271 V.A, 250 West India Company.] 405 West India Company- continued. 1606 1600 1621 16231626 1627 1628 1632 -45 1632 1634 1635 16361637 1642 1644 1645 1646 Said to be limited by Charter of 1 674 . . Records of, lacunas in (Burr) Burr on territorial rights of Burr on jurisdiction of . . . . i . Initial proposal for . . Formation of, postponed by Truce Founded Charter of monopoly of trade to America and West Indies granted to, by States General Affairs (general) of, to be managed by Assembly of Nineteen Affairs iu Essequibo, delegated to Provincial Chamber of Zeeland Grant to, by States General (Schomburgk on extent of) Burr on the early recorded transactions of Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Resolution to send ship to West Indies . . Contract by Zeeland Chamber with Van Pere Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Conditions for Colonies adopted by Trade regulation by- Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber (Reso lution not to abandon Essequibo) Agreement by Zeeland Chamber with van Pere Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber. . Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Letter of Ousiel to Directors of Chartered West India Company Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Report of Commandeur on kidnapping of Indians referred by Zeeland Chamber to Couucil of Nineteen Contract for cargo by Zeeland Chamber with Van Pere V.A. ,245 V.C.C. II, 31 V.C.C. 11, 17- -28 V.CC. II, 21- 28 V.A ,267 V.C, 69 B.C. 12 B.C.B.C. V.C V.C. 12,24 Ap. I, 44 53-5 III, 1-3 B.C, 24 B.C. Ap. I, 44 B.C Ap. VII, 31 V.C.C. II, 65-69 B.C Ap. I, 62 V.C. II, 18 V.C. II, IS B.C. Ap. I, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 64 V.C. II, 19 B.C Ap. I, 65 B.C.C, 53, 54 V.C, 71 V.C. II, 19 B.C. Ap. I, 72 B.C. Ap. I, 74 B.C. Ap. I, 75 B.C. Ap. I, 75 B.C. Ap. I, 75 V.C. II, 20 B.C. Ap. I, 82 V.C. II, 21 B.C. Ap. I, 129 B.C Ap. I, 130 BC Ap. I, 131 V.C. II, 27 B.C, 85 B.C Ap. I, 131 B.C Ap. I, 1.31 West India Company.] 406 West India Company — continued. 16481653 1657 1658 16591665 1670 1674 1684 1686 1717 1724 17261731 The Company alleged to have suffered by peace Sailing permit by Zeeland Chamber, re serving trade with Wild Coast, Esse quibo, &c. Minutes of a meeting of the Zeeland Chamber to consider the colonization of Guiana Affairs of, in Essequibo and on Wild Coast, delegated by Zeeland Chamber to Com mittee of the three Walcheren towns (Middelburg. Flushing, Veere) Provisional contract of Zeeland Chamber with West India Company Liberties to colonists Wild Coast given to Zeeland Chamber . . Zeeland Chamber resists claim of Amster dam to Wild Coast Special rights of Zeeland Chamber in regard to Colony of Nova Zeelandia Jurisdiction of, in New Netherland. Official statement as to Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber Zeeland Chamber takes over Essequibo . . Zeeland Chamber reinstated after the English invasion The New Company, under Assembly of Ten, chartered Administration of Zeeland Chamber con firmed by West India Company, but reports of all matters to be submitted to Council of Ten Charter of. Proposed inclusion of further places to be acquired on mainland Extent of Charter narrowed (Burr) Letter of reproof to Commandeur Beekman by Zeeland Chamber consider contract with the three cities Throws open Pomeroon for colonists Memorial of free settlers to Zeeland Chamber State of existing cultivation on Cuyuni and at Bartica Extends its plantations up Cuvuni Trade of, in balsam and red slaves, on Upper Essequibo and with Oriuoco Correspondence with Commandeur on his purchase of provisious from the English V.C, 75 B.C.C. Ap, 25 B.C.C. Ap, 26 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 145-6 B.C. Ap. I, 145 V.C. II, 33 B.C. Ap. I, 142 V.C II, 30 B.C. Ap. I, 147 B.C. Ap. I, 148 B.CC. Ap, 29 V.CC. II, 26 B.C. Ap. I, 173 V.C. II, 35 V.C, 81 B.C. Ap. I, 172 B.C, 28-29 B.C. Ap. I, 173-5 B.C. Ap. I, 173-4 V.C, 57 V.C.C. 11,19, 121,122,181 V.C, I, 87 V.C. II, 48 B.C. Ap. 1, 189 V.C. II, 54 B.C. Ap. I, 192 B.C.C, 60 B.C. Ap. I, 246 V.C. II, 77 B.C. Ap. II, 1 B.C. Ap. II, 1 B.C Ap. II, 3, 4 B.C. Ap. II, 12, 13 West India Company.] 403 West India Company- con tinned. 1735 17391744 (193) 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 Desires renewal of Proclamation anent deserters Does not yet anticipate war with Spain . . Approves Commandeur for encouraging trade with Orinoco Disapproves Commandeur's act in supplying bread to Governor of Orinoco Orders Proclamatiou against export of material of war to Orinoco Orders Commandeur to cause vessels arriving and departing to be searched for contraband of war Orders Commandeur to prevent export of slaves Considers as to sending out miners to prospect in Cuyuni Sanctions export of syrup and rum else where than to the Netherlands, but under duty of 5 p.c. Permits Commandeur to establish Post- holder in Barima Approves permission to Courthial for road Instructs Commandeur to maintain Com pany's territory about Moruka against Indians from Orinoco Desires to foster trade between Essequibo and Orinoco Couucil of Ten instructs the Chambers to inquire into the limits of the Colony Zeeland Chamber urges Commandeur to maintain fishery rights Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber as regards affairs of Essequibo Approves appointment of der Scharden as Postholder of Moruka Approves Dulch trade with Orinoco Proposes to consider Courthial's plan for development of Colony Report on Colony personally presented to Zeeland Chamber by Commandeur Gravesande Approves of removal of Post Arinda Memorial by Zeeland Chamber re con flicting claims of old and new Company to Essequibo Claim by Zeeland Chamber to jurisdiction as far as Orinoco Letter to Director-General recapitulating history of trade of Essequibo in arms Disapproves of overland cattle trade by Spaniards B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C A p. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C Ap. II, 20 B.C Ap. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 19 B.C. Ap. II, 20 B.C Ap. II, 28 B.C. Ap II, 42 B.C. Ap. II, 43 B.C. Ap. II, 44 B.C Ap. II, 46 B.C. Ap. II, 46 V.A, 67 B.C. Ap. II, 49 B.C. Ap. II, 50-51 B.C Ap. II, 56 B.C. Ap. II, 56 B.C Ap. II, 62 B.C, 40 B.C. Ap. II, 66 V.C. II, 105 B.C. Ap. II, 68 B.C. Ap. II, 71-72 V.CC. II, 58-60 B.C, 36-7 B.C. Ap. II, 72 B.CAp. 11,73-75 B.C. Ap. II, 75 Zeeland Chamber placed in especial charge jV.C. II, 206 of Esspquibo 5 L West India Company.] 408 West India Company- i-ontinued. 1755 1756 1757 1759 Letter to Director-General, doubting in teniion of Spaniards to attack the Colony Sends reinforcements of men and stores . . Relerence to former claim of Zeeland to exclusive claim Reiterates orders ihat war material sent out during the late scare was to be sold Approves Director-General's action in not calling out Caribs against Akawois Proposes to consider as to throwing open Pomeroon Inclined to approve petition of Knott and Salignacq to cut timber in Pomeroon and Waini Zeeland Chamber acknowledges report of Cuyuni raid ; promises formal Re monstrani e against ; and asks for further information as to boundaries Amsterdam Chamber refuses to join Zeeland Chamber in Remonstrance on Cuyuui raid Amsterdam Chamber absolves itself of responsibility for affairs of Essequibo Zeeland Chamber. Resolution on re- mon sti ance at Cuyuni raid B.C. Ap. II, 101 B.C. B.C. Ap. II, 102 Ap. II, 102 B.C. Ap. II, 12 B.C. Ap. H, 127 B.C. Ap II, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 131 B.C. Ap. II, 174 1760 1761 Zeeland Chamber receives General's letter on Cuyuni Director- 1762 Zeeland Chamber asks Director-General for explanatory map of Colony Zeeland Chamber writes to Director- General that it has presented Re monstrance on Cuyuni raid to States Ceneral Zeeland Chamber approves Director- General's correspondence anent Cuyuni raid Zeeland Chamber enquires of Director- General as to boundaries Zeeland Chamber regret not having received Director-General's adaptation of D'Anvilles' map Zeeland Chamber claims Barima . . Zeeland Chamber wishes to remonstrate to States General on Spanish raid on Barima in 1760 Zeeland Chamber suggests trade from Orintco to Essequibo rather than reverse Zeeland Chamber enquire why Director- General did not claim vessels seized by Spaniards Zeeland Chamber asks van Bercheyck to survey Colony of Essequibo as far as Orinoco Zealand Chamber approves Director- Oeneral's action in remonstrating with Governor of Trinidad on piracies B.C B.C.V.C.B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. Ap. II, 1 74-5 Ap. II, 174-5 II, 132 Ap. II, 176 Ap. II, 181 Ap. II, 181 Ap. II, 181 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 182 B.C. Ap. II, 185-6 B.C. Ap. II, 198 B.C. Ap. II, 198 B.C. Ap. II, 202 B.C. Ap. II, 211 B.C. Ap. II, 215 B.C. Ap. II, 220 409 West India Company— Wild Coast.] West India Company— vontinued. 1762 Zeelaud Chamber wishes Director-General had claimed boats seized by Spanish B.C. Ap. II, 214 Zeeland Chamber being without reply from States General to memorial on Cuyuni raid, proposes to make fresh memorial B.C. Ap. II, 211, 214 1763 Zeeland Chamber approves of proposed explorations above Arinda B.C. Ap. II, 226 Zeeland Chamber proposes to re-establish Cuyuni Post B.C. Ap IT, 225 1764 Zeeland Chamber reports to States General B.C. Ap. Ill, 115 1765 Memorial of Zeeland Chamber as to Demerara B.C. Ap. Ill, 125 * 1769 Communication by Zeeland Chamber to States General as to Spanish aggression B.C Ap. IV, 26 Reply of Zeeland Chamber to message of States General B.C Ap. IV, 36, 37 Considered in States General B.C Ap. IV, 37, 88 Minutes of Zeeland Chamber upon letter of States General after receipt of Remon strance B.C. Ap. IV, 35 Disinclined to believe in danger from Spaniards B.C. Ap. IV, 40, 44 1776 Reply to petition from Colony B.C. Ap. IV, 160 Proceedings of Zeeland Chamber on news of Moruka raid B.C. Ap. IV, 140 1791 The Dutch West India Company finally dissolved, its territory reverting to the Netherland States V.C, 57 V.A, 246 Westlake On title by discovery V.A, 204 On character of possession required by adverse holders V.A, 368 On Portuguese influence on natives in Delagoa Bay. V.A. II, 600-603 Westphalia, Peace of 1648 Terminating 30 years' war, followed by Treaty of Munster B.C 13 Whana Creek Toward Barima head, on right bank B.C. Atlas, 1 1841 Position of, as determined by Schomburgk B.C. Ap. VII, 23-4 Wheaton , . . On limits of title by conquest V.A, 275 Whomana Creek Schomburgk on B.C. Ap. VII. 20 1676 Wie-Wie Indians 1839 (? = Waiowai?) of source of Essequibo, expected to come to British Mission ou Rupununi B.C Ap. VI, 65 Wikarip Creek (Barama) . . 1884 Visited and described by Postholder McClintock B.C. Ap. VI, 135 Wild Coast Alleged to mean whole coast between Orinoco and Amazon V.C.C, 8 Wild Coast.] 410 Wild Coast — continued. 1627 1628 16321633 1657 1658 16691750 1659-69 1634 1635 1636 1648 1656 1657 Van Pere's contract as to . . Ship Arent to go to. . Coast from Essequibo to Orinoco Extending from the Amazon to the Orinoco inclusive Commandeur established on Conditions for colonies on . . Assistants engaged to lie on Ship to trade on Term used by West Indian Company as equivalent to whole of Guiana from Orinoco to Amazon Used by Cornelis Goliat Used by Amsterdam Chamber Used in Hanau Grant . . . . • ¦ Used by the Zeeland Chamber Gerbier and Hanau Grants treat whole of, as open (Burr) So regarded by other European Govern ments Restricted to the Zeeland Chamber and Van Pere Trade by the Company alone to . . Amendment of regulations on Trade reserved to Company on . . Settlement of Van der Heyde and Moorthamer's proposed Colony on Term used by Committee of Walcheren cities as equivalent to Essequibo Agreement as to colonization of, by the three Walcheren cities of Middelburg, Flushing, and Veere Conditions for colonization of, offered by the three Walcheren cities Committee of the three cities considers instructions for Commandeur Adriaensen and Commissary Goliat, and receives description of the rivers from the latter Claimed by Zeeland Chamber as against Amsterdam Cli amber 1659 Further conditions for colonization of, offered by the three Walcheren cities 1658 B.C. Ap. I, 64 B.C. Ap. I, 63 B.C, 25 B C Ap. I, 65 V.C.C, 8 B.C. Ap. I 67 B.C. Ap. I, 65 B.C. Ap. I, 65 B.C. Ap. I, 65 B.C. Ap. I, 72 V.C.C. II, 178, 179 V.C.C. II, 77 V.C.C. II, 179 V.C.C. II, 27 V.C.C. II, 185 V.C.C. II, 27, 28 V.C.C. II, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 74 B.C. Ap. I, 75 B.C. Ap. I, 75 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 136 V.C. II, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 138 V.C, 76 V.C II, 28 B.C. Ap. I, 141 V.C II, 33 B.C. Ap. I, 145 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I, 146 V.C, 77-78 V.C. II, 33 B.C.C. Ap, 27-28 B.C. Ap. I, 146 B.C, 27 B.C. Ap. I. 147 B.C.C, 55 B.C.C. Ap, 28-30 411 Wild Coast— Yaguaria.] Wild Coast— continued. Wilde, Johannis de . . Williams, Billy William Wilson, Belford Hinton Win, Hendrick van der Winthrop v. Benson Wischropp, C P. . . Wittingen, Jan van Wodehouse, Philip E. Woerden, Jan van . . Wood, E. P., Commissioner ot 1895 Mines Wood Cutting. See unde\ Thibet; Cutting 1664 1670 1700 . 1831 1841 1726 ,J 1823 182618o2 1769 1772 1857 1627 " Wood-skins " Wray, Charles, Chief-Justice 1831 Wyeramo Creek Wyld, J. Xuruma River River, q.v. = Zuruma 1841 1897 1829 Referred to as undoubtedly within the Company's jurisdiction New proposals for new settlements Owner of free Plantation d'Eendragt, Trial of Warow Captain, of Atopani (Aruka River) appointed by British authorities in 1834 H.M. Charge d'Affaires at Caracas. See under Diplomacy B.C. Ap. II, 3-5 Sent by Company to procure balsam anc. red slaves from Orinoco Quoted on claim of right being required by adverse holders Assistant Postholder of Massaruni Report to Protector of Indians on journe up Massaruni river to pacify Indians Witness against Frederick, an Indian, for B.C Ap. VI, 48 murder' Acting Postholder of Cuyuni Death of, on the Cuyuui Governor of British Guiana To Secretary of State (Labouchere) asking for distinct instructions in view of the recent discoveries of gold Engaged by Zeeland Chamber to lie in the Amazon Report of Schomburgk on Notes on conviction for murder of Indian Billy Williams Indian tradition of Dutch residents on Map by Yaguaria, a Carib of Barima | 1727j Burned the village of Aita Gracia (193) i 5 M B.CC. Ap, 43 B.C.C, 57 B.CC. Ap, 85 B.C, 102 B.I '. Ap. VI, 40-2 V.A. II, 711 B.CAp. VII, 12 V.A, 374 B.C.C. Ap, 270 B.C. Ap. VI, 37 B.C. Ap. VII, 167 V.C. II, 189 B.C Ap. VII, 177 V.C, 125 n. B.C. Ap. VI, 202 B.C Ap. VI, 202 B.C. Ap. I, 64 V.C, 195 B.C. Ap. VII, 26 B.C Ap. VI, 40 B.C. Ap. VII, 228 V.C. Atlas, 16 B.C.C. Ap, 176 412 Yaguaria— Yuruari River.] Yaguaria— continued. Yanekuri Creek Yarakita Hills Yarakita Portage . . "Sarakita River, tributary (R.B.) Amakuru River Yaws Hospital Ybarguen. See De Vera. Ifoud, Thomas, Missionary , Yuruama River = Uruan River, q.v. Yuruari River 1733 1897 1841 1881 17791841 1841 1816 1832 1839 1839 1841 1842 Gumilla, that he " came up (the Orinoco) from the sea in years gone by with more than sixty pirogues " On (L.B.) Cuyuni ; McTurk on Schomburgk on Lord Granville's reference to Allusion to, by Inciarte Crossed by Schomburgk Tradition as to commencement of Dutch canal Schomburgk on In Pomeroon Appointed to charge of Bartica Mission . . Establishes mission on Rupununi Reports to Governor on his visits to Indians at head of Rupunini (Upper Essequibo) Ordered by Brazilians to withdraw from Pirara Schomburgk on work of, at Pirara Letter to the Governor on affairs at his mission at Pirara Had been driven back by Brazilians from Pirara to Waraputa Letter to Governor Light, on his action after Brazilian evacuation of Pirara Trib. (L.B.) Cuyuni River .. Not always navigable . . . . Two days' voyage up to Savannah 1755 17651843 1850 Communication by, between Dutch and Spanish areas Director-General reports Spaniards to have taken complete possession of Creek Iruwary .... which indisputably is the Company's territory Dutch trade to Schomburgk on British right to, as tributary of Essequibo B.C.C. Ap, 163 B.C. Ap. VII, 234 B.C. Ap. VII, 14 B.C Ap. VII, 100 B.C.C. Ap, 245 B.C, 66 B.C. Ap. VII, 14 B.C, 68 B.C. Ap. VII, 211, 214-15, 218, 237 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C. Ap. VII, 14 B.C. Ap. VI, 5 B.C Ap. VI, 50 B.C, 109 B.C Ap. VI, 64-5, 86 B.A, 44 B.C. Ap. VI, 64-5 B.C. Ap. VII. 1-3 B.C. Ap. VII, 6 B.C Ap. VI, 86 B.CAp. VI, 118; VII, 38 B.C. Ap. VI, 122 B.C. Ap. II, 147 B.C. Atlas, 1 B.C.C, 18 B.C.C. Ap, 406 B.C.C, 19 B.C.C. Ap, 403, 405, 407 B.C, 8 B.C. Ap. II, 119 Discoveries of gold on B.C. Ap. IV, 22 B.C. Ap. VII, 50 B.C, 72 |B.C. Ap. VI, 181-2 413 Yuruari River— Zurumu River.] Yuruari River — continued. Yuruari Savannahs Yuruari, Settlement of 1857 1890 1891 17551758 1763 1769 Visited by Holmes and Campbell Extract from W. H. Campbell's visit to and report on British claim, by right, to whole basin of. . Alleged Venezuelan usurpation on. . Mouth of, visited officially by McTurk . . Report on, by Alvarado De la Puente started from, for raid on Cuyuni An advance Post Z. Zeeland Chamber. See under West India Co. Zeelandia, Fort of . . Zeelandia, Nova. See Pom eroon, Colony of; q.v. Zuliga, Don Joseph Axpe y, de 1665 1680 1686 Zurumu River 1743 1839 Limit of Missions Established on Flag Island (Fort Island) . . Governor of Trinidad and P. of Guayana . . Sentence on Gunter by Captures Dutch on the Orinoco Report ou bondage of the Indians . . Trib. (R.B.) Cotinga River As part of Schomburgk line V.C.C. Ill, 192 B.C.C. Ap, 303 B.C. Ap. VII, 137 B.C. Ap. VI, 247 B.C. Ap. VI, 248 B.C, 45 B.C. Ap. II, 108 B.CAp. II, 150-1,158 B.C. Ap. Ill, 21 V.C. II, 352 B.C. Ap. IV, 48, 51, 55, 58,62, 65, 71 B.C, 36 B.C.C. Ap, 44 V.C.C. Ill, 12 V.C.C. Ill, 13 B.C. Ap. I, 194 B.C. Atlat,2 B.C. Ap. VII, 5 7036 SX'- aa KaSS? lH IP i'Kiwki-1 Jilt - !„. JwJhbs MR