A

— ^«*w /aalftr^

VMJZJLM.

¦vImu) t„s&/Mu.MfiUri,..*t.-<. . /^-5yefry,.g?i-

fLccSfc.tfe-'t- **- ty/4r - /iSlz/gcn fy tO<xyo/a.4^f/Jy^yl_
fo 2>? Cal&Juy* CKften^<^f<rtf?T-Lrf;f'/72emcrt:i£L.£ ''_
guf cf a/i/Li&JLJ /t> finite- /mf yy.ef& &/s eszc<ruia-p£ =
_ fne.rt/- n.cra) _ fA<xt*. tf- aU<£ fi_o/t*- </t? rzje.&fe^ cAwitA/nefi
a/ /Ae- fc/rtt. <^7 tfj /zAJ^jfrct t&caJz'ar/z, fy /iSaJA^n-^^jf^
/lAofto/edL **- /(Lccmat frnftcmc. , vAicA &a_j /reocji cst/f^
fin. ify Acs j€t6*cA.*.<6eJis -
fa cv/u'tjt-*/ 3 &&&*.«*-*¦ J, Ce.etJe.cC w/d ^<w^^^
<,/ /£<l fil // frafasne- -
Sfe ti£An- U 0*neA.a/£y A &<Lt>ey{ f* zS_,
/< a j2D? /i5a-f£.crt.J, te^o c/<lo. at e*^ f/f^
fnhn ijku , &<-7 "~ ^7^7' C07Lfcr±/?ze:cf fv /£ju ''dcyicf^
»/- 8 ft f fa u-d, "- J«~ $ettfi~/»la#. <?£<£? /SO /,/>£. £f%3- 4 .
J%f* loax/l i-J f^erAicecC ,£0£/£ a:4<L&/ueyL eupC^jO-Zc^
Ccrrv/cftz/LAddi- ^t*-6&ca.A^m , <?7 ' /£*. Ja4tv.c- S-ti/c/zn., c^
/fit, fUf*-£-U To Saf&icA.} Z^zc/t&o-a- efi^aJaytt^}
r> /Zerncyrnfzn-to-tjAr ' //l£i*un<yL.£ "- fc.Vfh (6vt*. /".l)***L
/,. V (bot. ^

/*4 /9o$~ CLERI

i'Ai, aiuixwi

TO. the Clergy, Patrons of Benenccs, «*". vise »«¦»»
Church, ar.d others possessing, . _
solicited to an Establishment that is fully adapted tp serve their convenience in every
desircable form and degree, and it capnot fail to be productive of the most important,
acc.ommodati.ta to the order.— This Establishment is riot of the nature of a mere Be-
Sister Office; for it is truly respectable, and comprehensive. Tlie Conductors ot it
l,ave a proper sense ofthe delicate duties they have to perform,, ui effecting the
transactions oftheir Clerical Clients ; and perhaps are the mpre capable ot estimating
that delicacy, in consequence of their having been so happy as to obtain the esteem ana
patronage of another liWl Profession, for whom they are Agents, and whose mteresU
are of as confidKitial a description as those of the respectable parties hereby addressed,
The strictest honor, and the tnost unremitting assiduity, will umfqrmly distinguish their
exertions in the service of Members of the Church, to whom, with tho Profession
alluded to, tljey will respectfully '<". vote themselves. In trfder to render themselves
zdequateto every demand, they beg leave to add, that they do not confine their atten
tion merely to the arrangement of Advowsons, Presentations, Curacies, &c. but .also
propose the Valuations of Livings, and surveying of Church Lands, &c.' Official Acten.
darce from lOtiii-i. Apply, or Address, Post Paid, to Messrs. Wilson and Fam,.
¦Ag«nts, y.o. 6, Wardrobe Place, Great Cartc^lanC, posters Commons.

ka Address from the Conductors ofthe Ecclesiastical and University Annual Registerto
the Reverend the Clergy ofthe Established Xurch.
A T a time when upwards of 6*0,000 Sectarian Journals
/" V are circulated every Month with a perseverance and zeal worthy of a better cause,
it is a subject for regret that tbe Clergy of the Establishment should have remained so
long with scarcely one legitimate medium through which their rights might be asserted,
their proceedings recorded, or their opinions circulated.
To remedy this defect the Ecclesiastical and University Annual Register has been e»>
tablished. In publishing this Work, the objects ofthe Conductors have been to direct the atten
tion of the Clergy to one focus; to register all the public documents, proceedings, and
occurrences, that are in any way interesting or important jo them as individuals, or as
members of the largest commiinity in the state; and to afford to them a respectable
channel, through winch they may successfully poncend against the ignorance, intole
rance, and activity, that so peculiarly mark the opinions and conduct of their unwea
ried, adversaries. ,
Animated by these motives, and encouraged as well by the approbation of some of
the highest Dignitaries ofthe Church, as by'the applause of some ofthe most respecta
ble Critical Journals, they look forward with confidence to a cordial, active, and zealous
co-operation on the part of" the Clergy, to ensure the complete establishment of a work,
which, in being devoted entirely to their service, must of necessity conduce most mate
rially to the best interests of Religion in general. _'
Forming a nesessary appendage to every Clergyman's Library for present informa
tion, as well as future reference, the work will also have, it is presumed, a salutary ef
fect upon the public at large ; but in order the more effectually to ensure tbe ultimate
success of these objects, the Conductors have considered it a duty incumbent on them
to invite the most respectable Clergymen in every diocese, to make Communications
upon all subjects connected with religious Literature ; arid to request them to make an
nual statements of the progress or decrease of Sectarism, in the neighbourhood m which
they reside ; and to furnish au account of such occurrences and circumstances as they
may consider to be of sufficient importance to be made known to their clerical brethren:
*y Tub, Ecclesiastical and University Annual Register for the Year 1S08, is
published in'Qne Volume, 8vo. Price 16s. Boards. In the first Volume-is added, by way of
Appendix, An Index to the English Bhnefices; with the Names pf Patrons, their
Valuations, and the Number of Parishioners in each Parish. '\
+ -J-f In consequence of the great Expence that has been incurred in priiit'mgthe Ap
pendix, the price of the present Volume is higher than will be that of any future one—
the value of that Appendix, however, will more than counterbalance the difference in
the price,
The Volume for 1809 is in considerable forwardness, and will be published on the 1st
of February, 1810.
Published by Messrs. Rivington, St. Paul's Church-yard, and Messrs. Baldwin, New
Bridge-street; to whom Communications, Post paid, are to be addressed.

4tj^_ EXCHANGE OE LIVING. /gjyW~ " ~
A RECTOR wishes to exchange his Living for one within
Twenty Miles of London, with a good Parsonage, as his object is to resi*»
He has iti objection to a Vicarage, a Donative, ov a Perpetual Curacy. His iriconu
arises from an allotment of Land (440 Acres'! in lieu of Tvthes. at. n»ur>f „.,,i„via«
Tbis mightjiuit any Gentleman Wliusa ksXe ,;=;„.;,.
j^jgeg^ej^auired. Tbe Living is is ^"" •
pJicfTaddressedto Z. at Mr. Harris'

O/ttttfvm'eaf /vz

FuhhsAcd is* Oct :.-jt»i .ijr Z.Spra^y.irinp StT.Coi'tnt Car-den.

THE
£HUECHMAN3S MEMOEIAL;
OR>
AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THB
LIVES, SUFFERINGS, ANDl WORKS
OF
THOSE DIVINES OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND*
WHO WERE DEPRIVED OF THEIR PREFERMENTS.,.
AND OTHERWISE PERSECUTED,
BURIN*
THE GREAT REBELLION,

BY THE EDITORS OF
THE ORTHODOX CHURCHMAN'S MAGAZINE;

VOL. L

11 Surely* wheresoever this -wicked intendment of overthrowing Cathedral Churches,
or of taking away those Livings, Lands* and Possessions, which Bishops hitherto hare
enjoyed, shall once prevail, thc hand-maids attending thereupon will be Paganism -tad
extreme Barbarity." Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polityi%ib. vii, \ 24,

LONDON:
PRINTED, AT THE ORIENTAL PRESS, BY WILSON & CO.
Wild Court, Liflb&lu'i Inn Fields,
*OH J. SPEAfiG, ND. lt>, KING STEEin', COVENT OARDEIt.
1802.

%- y \

TO
THE MOST REVEREND THE
ARCHBISHOPS,
The right reverend the
BISHOPS, AND TO
THE REVEREND THE
CLERGY OF
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND,
THIS WORK
IS MOST HUMBLY INSCRIBED,
BY
THEIR VERY OBEDIENT AND
HUMBLE SERVANTS,
THE EDITORS.

P R E E A C E

TO THE

FIRST VOLUME.

Jl HIS "Work, though confessedly
grounded upon Dr. Walker's " At
tempt towards recovering an account
of the numbers and sufferings of the
Clergy of the Church of England, &c.
in the late times of the grand Rebel
lion," folio, 1714, wiH be found to dif
fer from it in several respects. The
introduction to that volume being ex
ceedingly long, irregular and tedious, is
here omitted. It occurred to us, that
the causes of the great calamity which
a 3 befell

Vi PREFACE.
befell this nation, in the demolition of
the Church, and the murder of the
King, would best appear by tracing
Puritanism from its origin, and follow
ing it through all its tortuous windings,
sometimes to the Conclave, and at
others to the Conventicle, till its rest
less spirit whelmed the Constitution
beneath the surges of Rapine, Fanati
cism, and Rebellion.
Dr. Calamy, in ail appendix to the
continuation of his " Account af Eject
ed Ministers," takes some advantage
against Dr. Walker, for beginning his
narration at the meeting of the Long
Parliament; and he insinuates, that
the conduct of the Church towards the
Puritans, in the times preceding, was
such, that the doctor could not under
take its defence. In consequence of
this, we thought it best to take Puri
tanism

PREFACE. VII
tanisnt from its birth, and to shew in a
regular order its violent bearings against
the Church, and the necessity whicft
there "waauof resisting its destructive
encroachments, io Fromsthe sketch we
have given, it?wilrbe seen that nothing
short of an establishment of the Pres
byterian plan, upon r the I ruin of the
Hierarchy, would satisfy the presump
tion of the Puritan party, in either of
the three reigns when they were the
most active. Those who held the ad
ministration of ^affairs had therefore no
alternative,, but to yield at once to the
arrogant claims of the pretended re
formers, or to resist their attempts by
vigorous measures." Toleration was not
understood in those days, neither, was
it the object of the Dissenters. osThey
were, not to be contented with any
thing* less e than an alteration of the
a*4l- Church

>W1 PREFACE."
*
Church to :* their own humour,* bor
rowed from the model .of Calvin and
of Knox*
Schism and Rebellion are so inti
mately connected, that a delineation
of the growth and management of the
one, leads in the present instaiaoe to a
developement of the springs ofT*the
other. f The ..horrible confusions, there
fore, which ravaged this land for so
many years,, defiled" the throne with
the blood of its .sovereign, and finally*
established therein ^jglqaflny, fanatical,
and 'bloody tyrant, are all to be traced
to the spirit of Schism.
;! -There is .one part of Dr. Walker's
introduction, which we have nearly ex
tracted entire, and that is the account
©f tlie, pretended reformation of -the
c two

PREFACE,. iX
two Universities : But even- here w6
ha,ve availed ourselves of other infor
mation, and in several instances haVe
been enabled to correct his state
ments. ** in the listsf which 'follow, it will* be
seen that we have not servilely copied
Walker, but; on the contrary,' that his
bsogr&phies; where they couM, «hdV6
been- considterably enlarged, and several
©thers ^ added which he had omitted.
The works also t)f the respective Wri
ters have beera'spfecified, with their 'dates
aaid editions.
Our next volume will contain an ac
count of the JcfevaStations made -in the
Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches ;
from wfaencie we shaB proceed to" thd
sequestrations of the Parochial Clergy,'
3 taking

X PREFACE.
taking the counties, not in Dr. Walker^
strangely confused manner, but alpha
betically. The necessity of such an
undertaking has long been felt by all
the discerning friends of our Church
Establishment ; more especially as Dr.
Calamy's "Account of the Non-con
formists" is in great repute among the
Dissenters ; and a large edition of an
abridgement of it, under the title a£
the " Non-conformist's Memorial," is
now circulating. That work is made
to wear the face of a martyrology; and
every opportunity is taken, both in the
original and abridgement, to fasten the
charge of persecution upon the Church
of England. With what justice such
a charge is made, will appear from the
sufferings of the Episcopal Clergy,
whose preferments were usurped for
many years by these Non-conformists,
8 many

PREFACE.' X\
many of whom, at the Restoration,
were ejected from them to give place
to the rightful claimants.
It only remains for us here to thank
our correspondents for their kind at
tentions to our plan ; for the offers we
have received of assistance in the paro
chial lists ; and for the liberal commu
nications which will add material value
to the remaining volumes. No pains
will be spared by us to render the work
deserving the patronage of all sound
membeis <>f our* Church ; and consider
ing the difficulty of the undertaking, we
trust that their candour will excuse.
many inaccuracies, whieh even the ut*
ni0st diligence can hardly avoid. il To
perfect the work, however, much de*
pendsnpon the kindness of our friends,
particularly of the clergy, in transmit* ting

Xll PREFACE.
ting to us extracts from their registers,
and such anecdotes, See. as local situa
tions enable them io supply.
All communications of this kind, ¦T
addressed to the Publisher, will be
carefully attended tOv and in our last
Volume will be thankfully acknow
ledged.

THE £D|TQ&S.

QSoberW, 1802.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION,

EXHIBITING

THE INTRIGUES AND PRACTICES OF
THE PURITANS

AGAINST

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND,
From the Reformation to the Murder of
KING CHARLES THE FIRST.

SECTION I.
T -
AN the infancy of the Christian Church, and
while she was suffering the most fiery persecu
tions, a spirit of schism arose which did her more
injury, by producing a multiplicity of heresies,
than all the violent oppressions and cruelties
which she sustained from the tyranny of the
Heathen emperors. And when the Church of Eng
land emerged from the bondage of Papal supersti
tion, and reformed her offices agreeably to the
primitive standard, the great enemy of righteous
ness had recourse to his old device, and began to
introduce divisions among the reformers, about
ceremonies and habits, which were things gene-
vol. 1. a rallv

II GENERAL INTRODUCTION*
rally allowed to be indifferent in themselves. But
these scruples were attended with little conse
quence in the reign of King Edward VI. as most
of those who had objections to them, thought it
most prudent to yield obedience, rather than break
the peace of the church. As yet, schism was
looked upon with abhorrence ; and to separate
from an established church, which has nothing
corrupt in her doctrine, nor sinful in her practice,
was regarded as a deep violation of Christian
duty. But when the English exiles fled from the
fury of the persecution under Mary, and took
refuge at Frankfort, and other places on the
Continent ; some of them imbibed different no
tions, and thereby laid the foundation of that
schism which afterwards occasioned the bitterest
troubles in their own country.
A particular relation of the proceedings among
these exiles seems, therefore, to be necessary in
this place, as being the very origin of that sple
netic and uncharitable sect the Puritans.
gome of these exiles settled at Emden in West
Friezland *, some at Arrow in Switzerland, some
at Strasburg, and some at Zurich and Frankfort.
To begin with those at the latter place, as being
the principal, they had procured the liberty of
a church in that city, by the favour of Glauberg,
one of the principal senators. Here they had the
same
. * Collins's Eccles. Hist. vol. ii. 3Q3. Discourse ofthe Trou
bles at Frankfort, p. s, S.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION; lit
same privilege of preaching and administering the
sacrament as the French ; but with this condi
tion, that the English should conform to the
French in doctrine and ceremonies, and sub
scribe their confession of faith, which was agreed
to. In consequence of this indulgence, they re
fined considerably upon the Common Prayer-Book,
which had been established in the reign of the
late king, and conformed i themselves too easily
to the novelties of the foreign reformers. Having
formed their establishment, they thought fit to
acquaint their brethren in other places with what
they had done, and to invite them to Frankfort.
To this purpose letters were sent to the other
English exiles, signed by John Stanton, John
MakebrJay,- William Williams, William Whitting-
ham, William Hammond,- Thomas Wood, Mi
chael Gill. ¦
: The English at Strasburg 'mistook the mean
ing, of their letter; They imagined the .request
was only to furnish those at Frankfort with one
or two persaons for the pastoral charge, and to
tak& upon :them the government of that church.
With- this view Mr. Grindal (afterwards archbi
shop of Canterbury) wrote to bishop Scory at
Emden, Co undertake the charge of the Frankfort
<5ari^t^ation. The bishop complied with this
rdquesti; ,but before his letter reached Frankfort,
the English there had elected Knox, (the violent
Scp£ch reformer, ) Haddon, and Lever, for their
a 2 ministers

IV GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
ministers in the presbyterian way. The English
at Zurich, being informed of these proceedings at
Frankfort, refused to concur with them in their
innovations, and declared their resolution not to
use any form different from the Common Prayer-
Book. Soon after this, they sent Mr. Chambers
to Frankfort to adjust the terms for them, and
make them easy at their coming thither : but the
Frankfort congregation giving Chambers no as
surance that his friends should have the liberty
of using the English Liturgy, the invitation was1
refused. The exiles at Strasburg, not willing to widen-
the breach, sent Chambers and Grindal to Frank
fort with further overtures. They acquainted
them in a letter, ' ' that they were willing to accept
their invitation, .and to join their church ; but then
they desired that the English service might be
retained, as far as was possible. They urged, and
with reason, that going off from that form to any
remarkable alteration, would be throwing a hard
imputation upon those M'ho drew it up, and upon
the English martyrs who lost their lives in its de
fence : that a new model would give the enemy
an occasion to charge them with errors in doc
trine, and inconstancy ; that it was moreover the
way to unsettle the reformed in England, to make-
them question the orthodoxy of their religion,
and discourage them from emigrating for con
science sake, as they had done." This letter, which was

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. V
was dated November 23, 1554, was signed by
sixteen of the principal exiles, some of whom
were afterwards bishops.
But this application proved also fruitless ; for
Knox, who had gained the upperhand at Frank
fort, set himself vehemently against the Common
Prayer-Book, a Latin translation of which he
caused to be sent to Calvin. This version, how
ever, was a vile misrepresentation in many im
portant particulars ; and if Calvin had been quite
unprejudiced, the sight of this book could not
but set him against it. But that reformer was
sufficiently biassed by his own principles, and had
no occasion for any suggestion of this kind. In
a long answer, he speaks contemptuously of the
Liturgy, in which he " pretends to discover
many tolerhble fopperies ;" and then magisterially
advises the advocates for it, to " lay aside the
remains of popery, and not to value themselves
upon their own whimsies, nor check the edifica
tion of the church by peevishness and pride, :'
This haughty epistle, which contains more
dogmatical assurance than argument, raised the
spirits ofthe innovators to a considerable height,
and gave them a greater dislike to the Liturgy
than they had before.
Knox and his party formed a new Office, part
indeed extracted from the Common Prayer-Book ;
but the main substance of it was taken from Cal
vin's SeHdce. This, however, allayed the differ-
a 3 ence

VI GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
ence for a little time ; but, on the arrival of Dr.
Cox and some others at Frankfort, the breach
was opened again. The Doctor, surprised and
grieved to: see the Liturgy thus insulted, was re
solved not to yield a single part of it to the perti
nacious opinions of any foreign divines whatever ;
and therefore, when he was called upon to offi
ciate in the congregation, he adhered minutely to
the whole order of the English service. This
-gave great offence to Knox, who immediately
ascended the pulpit, and made a bitter harangue
against the Book of Common Prayer, to the re
taining of Vhich he did not scruple attributing
the severe judgment which then lay upon the
English nation. But this addition of Cox and
the other exiles, among whom was the famous
Jewell, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, effectually
changed the face of things at Frankfort, and at
length Knox was refused the pulpit. Upon this
Whittingham complained to the senator Glau-
berg, who commissioned JValerand, the French
minister, to appoint a conference for settling the
dispute. In this conference, however, nothing
was conceded, , find in the end Knox addressed
the senate, and complained violently of the other
party and the English reformation.
At length a kind of compromise was brought
about,, which lasted but a short time ; for, Knox
having declaimed against the emperor, in a book
entitled "An Admonition to Christians," t*he
magi-

6ENERAX. INTRODUCTION. Vll
magistrates ordered him to quit their city; on
which he retired to Geneva.
And now the interest of those who adhered
to the English establishment obtained the pre
ponderance ; for, the same day that Knox went
off, Adolphus Glauberg, nephew to the se
nator, sent for Whittingham, and told him that
sixteen divines, besides others, had petitioned the
magistrates for liberty to use the English service,
which request was granted, and therefore he was
desired not to make any disturbance in the con
gregation. Whittingham answered, that he was
ready to acquiesce, but solicited liberty for him
self and his friends to join another church. This
was refused, and Whittingham and his party re
moved to Geneva and Basil.
The dissenters being removed, Dr. Cox began
to bring the congregation back to the plan of the
Church of England ; having done which, he gave
Calvin an account of his proceedings, a politeness
which that rough reformer churlishly repaid. In
his answer he blames the English at Frankfort,
for pressing the Liturgy too far ; and takes the
freedom to call the use of the cross in baptism,
and other ceremonies, trifles, and dregs of Popery.
The peace, however, of this church, was of no
long duration ; for when Dr. Cox had gained his
point, he settled Dr. Horn in the pastorship, and
retired to Strasburg, that he might be near Peter
Martyr, with whom he had contracted an inti-
a 4 mate

Viii GENERAL INTR0DU CTJpNi
mate friendship at .Oxford. This departure, of
Cox appears to have been the occasion of a new
misunderstanding. Some Avarm discourse passed
at. supper between Dr. Hoqy and one Ashley a
lay gentleman. About three days afterwards, the
latter, received a summons to appear at the house
of one of the elders, to answer, for some expres
sions in contempt of the ministry. Ashley, sus
pecting that the cause would go against him, ap
pealed fioin the elders to the congregatipa. Upon
this the pastor and elders were, required to sus
pend the process. The pretence for, this was, that
as they were parties concerned,, they were, un
qualified for the cognizance of -the an%ir> Horn
and Chambers excepted against this order, be
cause it was passed at a private- meetings and:
therefore, as it. was not carried by a majority of
the congregation, ,, they, .were- resolvedj! to exert
their authority,, and govern by the direction of
the form pf discipline. lL Ashley and his adherents,
on the other hand, justified their resolution of the
last meeting, and, protested against the pastof and
elders as incompetent judges* Horn and the
elders, conceiving. tb,at this interposition was a
kind of anarchy in the church, and that the con^-
grjegation had left them nothing but the shadow
df an authority, resigned their offices. The con
gregation, unmoved by this, proposed some new
regulations. They complained of the strictness
of the old discipline, and that there was no pvo-
6 vision

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 1%
vision^ made to call the pastor and elders to an
account for their misbehaviour, and therefore they
insisted that an additional clause should be framed
for that purpose. The pastor and elders justly con
sidered this as an unwarrantable usurpation on
the part of the people, and dissented from the
motion; at the same time offering.- to enter into
an amendment of the discipline, provided ihey
were themselves a part of the committee. This
equitable proposition was rejected by the congre
gation, who appointed a committee to decide the
difference between Horn and Ashley ; but Horn
and the elders refused to acquiesce in this autho
rity, or so much as to come amongst them.
The congregation, finding that Hern would not
comply with their arbitrary measures, moved for
another election, and resolved to settle their
church without him or the elders. The magi
strates, being greatly disturbed with these conten
tions, laid a restriction upon Horn and Chambers,
and forbade thern from entering the congregation ;
but this prohibition was taken off in a few days,
and they were restored to their respective places.
In the mean time, the committee had drawn up
a new discipline, which was passed by the congre
gation. By this draught, the spiritual supremacy
was placed in the hands of the general body of
the church, and the distribution of the public
money taken from the treasurer and entrusted
with the deacons. This new discipline being sub
scribed

X GENERAL INTRODUCTION,
scribed by a majority, Horn and Chambers witl>
drew to Strasburg. id " Thus (says Collier) these
disorders in. tlie churcli of Frankfort took their
rise, from a 'dislike of the English Common Prayer
Book, and giving .in ,too much to the Geneva
model, t The difference was farther continued by
tlie mutiny of the congregation against the go
verning part of the church. From hence the
English reformation broke into parties : this was
the leading case to the puritans and presbyterians
i» after-reigns. .Upon these principles and prece
dents they formed their schism, and raised their
exceptions against the Liturgy and Government
of the Church." Upon this famous .transaction,
it is expedient to make a few remarks, more par
ticularly as it seems to. have been the very bud of
Puritanism, and as the writers on that side have
made Vehement outcries upon it. It is an unque
stionable fact, that the exiles who fled from the
persecuting rage of the /Papists after tlie death of
Edward, were members, -and for the most part mi
nisters of the reformed Anglican Church, In this
case it was their duty, 4o say the least, of it, to ad
here stedfastly to that form of warship and con
fession of faith, for<th,eir profession of which they
had suffered banishment. The English Liturgy had
been established by regal and legislative autho
rity, and the exiled clergy had been episcopally
ordained, and sworn canonical obedience : on
what principle of conscience, therefore, could they

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 341
they admit the Presbyterian or Calvinistic novel
ties ? Those persons who became the dupes of
Knox, threw thereby an odium upon the church
government and form of prayer of their own
country ; and notwithstanding the foul language
which Pierce, Neal, and other writers have thrown
upon Dr. Cox and his friends, it will appear evi
dent to the plainest capacity, that these divines
were the most conscientious of the two parties;,
and the intrepid defenders of the integrity, purity,
and privileges of the English Church. The in-
solen-ce of Knox and Calvin, who pretended of
themselves to dictate a form of worship, and other
religious points, to the suffering members of a.
true and apostolical church, ought to excite in
dignation in every virtuous mind. - Yet Neal has
the modesty to call Calvin's letter, in which that
reformer treats the Church of England with the
greatest rudeness, a. pacific letter* ; now, had Cal
vin been actuated by any pacific or impartial mo
tives, he would have recommended both parties
to their exiled bishops for judgment in the differ
ence which subsisted between them.t Instead of
this he acted the part of a pope or patriarch ; and
paying no respect to the pastoral character of bi
shop Poynet, bishop Scory, and other prelates of
the Anglican Church, he assumed to himself the
power of dictating terms of church communion,
•r»ib,-. ¦/« i . ,bon ana*
j(j» , , ^lorll , yv i . x, lo . _, .
* Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, vol. 1. p. "3- first ed*

XJ1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
and worship to the English exiles, contrary to the
very ecclesiastical constitution which they were
in conscience bound to defend.
Not only this, but the dissenters who retired
from Frankfort, entered upon a wider schism
under his immediate eye : for, in 1556, they pub
lished at Geneva, in English, a form of worship
bearing this title, " The Service, Discipline, and
Form of Common Prayers, and Administration of
Sacraments, used in the English Church of Ge
neva ; " which is wholly upon the presbyterian
plan, and consequently as remote as possible
from the English Liturgy of King Edward VI.
and the primitive liturgies.
Thus commenced a schism, arising from a spirit
of obstinacy and the love of novelty, which has
continued to disturb the peace of the church with
a greater or less degree of violence to the present
day.

SECTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. X1U

SECTION II.
On the death of Queen* Mary and the acces
sion "of her sister, the English exiles all turned
their faces with grateful joy towards their own.
country. It was well known that this princess
had an aversion to the papal superstitions," and.
that, in consequence of it, the more bigoted part
of the Roman Catholics, especially of the eccle;-
siastics, had several times proposed the^taking
her off in the late reign as "being the very root
of heresy." From these machinations, however,
she had been always rescued by the interposition
of Philip, her sister's husband, who was not with
out hopes, from tlie ill-state of his queen's health,
of obtaining the hand of Elizabeth, and thereby
of securing to himself the throne of England.
Thus Providence over-ruled the crafty devices of
men for the restoration of the true religion in,
'this land.
In the very beginning of her reign, the queen
gave sufficient proofs of her intention to perfect
the reformation ; but she proceeded with great
caution, which, indeed, with regard both to the
internal and external state of the kingdom, was
extremely necessary. At home the Romish party
was both strong and numerous, many leading fa
milies were of that persuasion, and the influence
of the priests was powerful in many places. Spain
had a -watchful eye upon England, fearing its
rising

Xiv GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
rising consequehce,fiand wishing to seize upon it
as a province of her own. Nor was France less
to be dreaded, both from her neighbouring situa
tion, and her connection with Scotland, and at
tachment to the Pope.
All* these circumstances,^ together with the
youth of the queen, were formidable obstacles in
fhe way of the reformation, and they had their
weight upon the minds of those of her counsellors*
who were desirous of promoting it. .nThey had
also some apprehensions from the officious zeal of
those protestants who, in their exile, had con
tracted a love for the novelties of Geneva, and
who of course would be for carrying their altera
tions to the utmost extremity. To effect- the im
portant but critical point of restoring religion.
nearly to the state in which it stood at the death
of king Edward, was therefore a matter which
required great caution and secreey.< -As things
stood, it is evident as much danger was to be
feared from those Protestants who effected im
proper alterations, as- from the Romanists them
selves, and ofthe temper and object of those men
thej moderate divines had experienced sufficient
proofs in the disturbances occasioned bynthem
at- Frankfort. It was 3 therefore resolved by the
council, " that it was by no means adviseable to
allow more than one church ; because that the
free exercise of different religions would prove an
everlasting principle of sedition and disturbance, especially

GENERAL INTRODPCflOS. XV
especially in a nation of so martial a genius as the
English." However, to prevent discontents, it
was agreed that the reformed Liturgy ought to
be reviewed, and made as inoffensive as possibles
all parties; for which purpose it should be com
mitted to the examination and correction ofthe
Doctors Parker, Bill, May, Cox, Grindal, White
head, and Pilkington, to whom wefe to be added
Sir Thomas Smith, a man of great learning and
moderation. The council also advised, that when
this performance was finished, it should b.e pre
sented to the queen for her approbation,, and then
laid before parliament; that -besides,. the above
committee, some other persons of learning:, an4
character should have the perusal of the book for
further reputation ; and that before this < reviewed
service was published, there must be a strict pro
hibition of all innovation, for- which this just rea^
son was alleged, " that frequent changes lessen
the authority of a government, and therefore
ought to be prevented as much as possible *-, "
No sooner was it generally understood that the
reformed religion was to be restored, than the pro
testants took courage, had their assemblies in pri
vate houses, began to preach with zeal against
popery, to dispute with the priests, and they even,
proceeded to pull down images, of their own au
thority. It was necessary to put a stop to this
ebullition of zeal, which otherwise might have
embroiled
* Collier, p. 411.

icvi «rtrto*Afc iNtRdtotrcTidN.-
embroiled the kingdom in commotions: accord^
inoly a proclamation was issued, prohibiting
preaching without a royal licence, and all reli
gious disputes. At the same time, this proclama
tion allowed the reading of the Epistles, Gospels,
and Ten Commandments in English, provided
it was done without expounding. The Lord's
Prayer, the Creed, and Litany, might also be
read in the same language ; and the rest of the
service was to continue as it stood till the queen
and parliament s"hould have farther determined
this matter.
It must be granted, that about this time the
exiles of Geneva made some overtures to their
brethren, of a reconciliation,; but then their
letter breathes a narrow spirit, and shews that
nothing would please them, unless the reform"
ation was conducted wholly upon their own
plaa. They still called the ceremonies trifles, and
proposed the best of the reformed churches,
i. e. Calvin's congregation, (as they modestly ex
pressed themselves,) for the plan of agreement.
To this the English church at Frankfort replied,
that they were pleased with their offers of friend
ship, and professed their willingness to drop all
resentment, and to look upon them as brethren.
But then they add, that as to the ceremonies the
point cannot be referred to any foreign churches,
but to the divines in England, sanctioned by royal
and parliamentary authority. It is their hope, (they

GENERAL 1 NT RQr^C^J.I^. xvii
(theysay) that the reformation wj^J. recover, and
not be clogged with an overweight of ceremonies;
and therefore, provided nothing immoral is. .com
posed, they are resolved to, acquiesce in the pubr
Jiek establishment, and they wish that their bre*
thren at Geneva may be equally conformable.
They conclude in these excellent terms, that
" since all the reformed abroad differ in rites, and
yet agree in doctrine, they see no reason why the
church of England may not he alloyed the sanie
latitude. However, if any ceremonies really exc
eptionable shall happen to be put upon them?
they promise at their return home to join with
them in an address for removing this grievance."
The temper as well as language of these, letters
exhibit a perfect contrast; in the one we
perceive a self-willed spirit, not to be satisfied
unless the whole clrarch and nation are reduced
exactly to tbe narrow model framed by a single
reformer at Geneva, without the slightest regard
p#id to christian antiquity. This spirit savoured
strongly of that of tbe antient Donatists and ;mo-
dera Methodists, with a spice of Republicanism; to
give it a zest.
How -different from this was the conduct of the
divipes at Frankfort ! Like true Christians, and
true Englishmen, they would not yield obedience
to any other authority than that of their own
country, and were ready to yield submission to
the ecclesiastical establishment of it, in every
vol. 1. b thing

XV111 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
thing not sinful. By thus asserting the indepen
dency ofthe Church of England, andher "power
to decree rites or ceremonies, and authority in
controversies of faith, " they will ever be regarded
with veneration by all sound members of our
communion. And now the English at Geneva returned home,
except a few who staid there some time to finish
their translation ofthe bible, which work was de
signed to prepare the way for innovations in wor-
shiprancl church government *'. That this charge
is true, will appear from one or two instances. It
Mras observed by king James I. at tlie 'Hampton
Cotirt conference, that, in the marginal notes'
annexed to this translation, " some we're very par
tial/ untrue, 'seditious, and savouring toqjhuch
of dangerous conceits. As for example,\the Ar^"
chapter of Exodus' andr thqK nineteenth verse'/
where the Mrgiintl note1 attows^isorjeclience unto',
kings. And 2 'Chron. xv. ifj' "'the 'note taxetli'
Asa for deposing lifs mother only, and jiot killing
kerf." On Matthew:: ii . 12, tliese ^nnotators
observe, that " a ffornise ought not to'he Kepf
where God's honour arid preaching of his truth
is hindered ;" which, astPr. .Hey lyn well remarks,1 "'f opens
* CoUier, ut supra. Heylyn's Hist, ofi the Presbyterians*
Pv247- .. , ,v_-:,,x -., ..
t Bishop Barlow's Relation of the Hampton Court Con-,
ference, in the Phoenix, I. p. 157.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xix
" opens a wide gap to the breach of all oaths, co
venants, contracts and agreements, not only be
tween man and mah,' but between kings and their
subjects*." On the ninth of Revelations, they
inform us,' " triat, by the locusts which came out
of the smoke, are meant false teachers, heretics,
ahd worldly subtle prelates, with monks, friars,
cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, BI3H0PS,
DOCTORS, BACHELORS and MASTERS." From
hence it is pretty evident what the principles of
these translators were, and what object they had
ih view when they drew up these notes. That
they entertained very loose notions upon the duty
of subjects, is manifest from the passages here'
cited ; and that they were animated by a bitted
spirit of malignity against the whole episcopal or^
der,' is glaringly displayed by their so foully class
ing archbishops and bishops with monks, friars,
heretics, and other false teachers. Their aim
then could have been no other than to alienate
the minds of their fellow-subjects from the church
establishment^ and to bring about a reform, even
though sedition should be made use of as the
means of obtaining it. So early began that ' ' Spirit
of disobedience" which in less than a century de-
lugeiTthe land with the blood of the king, priests
and nohies, and reduced the church to ruins!
— We have thus traced the root of the evil to Ge-
b 2 neva,
* Heylyn, ut supra.

XX GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
neva, by which it will be seen that puritanism and
republicanism have a- nearer affinity than many
well-meaning persons are aware.
Passing over the various steps that were taken
in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's. reign for
the re-establishment of the .reformed -church, it
may suffice to observe, that, for the satisfaction, of
scrupulous consciences, the Liturgy of King Ed
ward VI.- was -considerably altered; communion
tables were substituted in the room of the old
altars, and images were removed out of the
churches. Neal, the puritan historian, in relating the dif
ferent principles by which the court reformers (as.
he calls them) were actuated, and those of his
party, says, " that the former admitted that the
Church of Rome was a true church, though cor
rupt in some points of. doctrine and government;
that all her ministrations were valid, and that the
Pope was a true bishop of Rome, though not of
the universal church." He then observes, " It
was thought necessary to maintain this, for the
support ofthe character of our bishops, who could
not otherwise derive their succession frorn the
apostles. But the puritans affirmed the pope to be
antichrist, the church of Rome to beno true church,
and all her ministrations to be superstitious and
idolatrous ; they renounced her communion, and
durst not hang the validity of their ordinations upon

GENERAL INTRODUCTION* Xxi
upon an uninterrupted line of succession from the
apostles, throagh their hands *.
This representation is of itself sufficient to shew
the bad spirit of these meu, and the unsoundness
oftheir radical principles; for, if there is not " an
uninterrupted line of succession," no kind of or
dination is -valid, and, by consequence, that by
mere presbyters is an act of usurpation. This prin
ciple, by denying the episcopal succession, ne
cessarily involves one of these two points, either
that every man has a right to exercise the chris
tian ministry at his own pleasure, or that the
power of ordaining to that office belongs to the
people^ both of which are directly repugnant to
the scriptures. If every act of the Church of
Rome be idolatrous, it must follow that all our
ancestors,- not even excepting Wickliffe himself,
were idolaters, and that none of them ever re-
ceivedtrue baptismy or partook of the sacrament
of the Lord's Supper ; consequently they could
not be teal members ofthe Church of Christ: po
sitions so uncharitable, and even unchristian, that
no-person, one would -suppose, could possibly have
the temerity to avow them.
About the same time that the reformation was
making its way in England, under the prudent
management of the greatest and best men ofthe
b 3 age ;
* Hist. Puritans, I. p. 145.

XXii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
age; Knox and his party were driving' things
furiously, on the Genevan plan, in Scotland. The
doctrine maintained by this reformer,' who im
bibed it from Calvin himself, was this, " That if
kings and princes refused to reform religion, in
ferior magistrates, and the people, being directed
and instructed in the truth before, by 'the preachers,
may lawfully reform within their own bounds
themselves ; and iftaR or the far greatest part be
enlightened by the truth, they may make a pub
lic reformation *. " Upon this principle an asso
ciation \vas formed, which increased to such a
degree that at length an open rebellion endued.
Peace was restored through the interposition of
Queett Elizabeth, and a parliament \vas called at
Edinburgh, in which the Calvinistic doctrines
and discipline vere proposed and adopted:;- -and,
to shew their tolerant spirit, these reformers
enacted, that " if any person shall either say -mass,
, or
,,- ;?, Life and, J3eath of John Knox, p. 10. The violent spirit of
,.this man may be discerned from the following passages taken out
of his Admonition to the Professors of Truth in England : " Re
press the pride of those blood-thirsty tyrants, (i. e. princes of the
Romish persuasion,) consume them in thy wrath, pour forth thy
vengeance upon them. O. let the vengeance of thy servants -blood
that is shed, be openly shewed upon them in pur sieht. Delay
not thy vengeance, O Lord ! but let death devour them in haste>
and let the earth swallow them, and let them go doiuu quick to .the
Hells, for there is no hope of their amendment ; the fear and reve
rence of thy Holy Name is quite banished from their hearts, and
there-

GE,N£RAL INTRODUCTION. xxiii
or bq present at it, he shall for tlie first; fault for
feit all his goods, and undergo such corporal pu
nishment as the magistrate sJialLthirjk fit to put
upon him; the second, rfaplt is banishment* ftnd
the third deajhy,
,,_ To .return to England; atthe end .of.the"year
lb59, Dr. Matthew. Parker was consecrated arch
bishop of Canterbury, and thirteen other bishops
were consecrated shortly after.
About this time John a Lasco, a Polish gen
tleman, who had been favoured by king Edw. VI.
with the church in Austin-Friars, for the, use
of several foreign exiles, returned to London, and
petitioned the queen to restore them to that church ;
which was refused at first, but afterwards they
obtained it on condition of admitting Grindal
bishop of London to be theiixsuperintendant in
b 4 the
therefore yet again, O Lord, consume them in thine anger, and let
them never bring their wicked councils to efFeft, but, according to
the godly powers, let them be taken in the snare which they have
prepared for thfne" elefli." ' InLthe following fftreitidn the -spirit of
rebellion stares' us ih the face in the most shameful manner : " If
the people (says Knox) have rashly promoted any manifest wicked
person, or yet have ignorantly chosen such an one, as after de-
clareth himself unworthy of regiment (i. e. rule) above the people
of Gdcl, (and such be all idolaters and cruel persecutors,) Most justly
may the sdme men depose and punish him, that unadvisedly before
they did nominate, appoint and eleft." Life, ut sup." These were
the principles upon which the rebels afled in 1641 ; and they were
encouraged in them by the fanatical preachers, who then usurped
the pulpits of the orthodox clergy.

Xxiv GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
the room of aLasco. The French presbyterians
were also permitted to have a.xhurch in Thread-
needle-street ; and these indulgences brought over
great numbers of foreigners to England, who im
ported and; diffused numerous gross errors and
blasphemies. On -Q complaint made to the queen,
of the alarming progress of these heresies* she
issned. a proclamation, commanding all those who
maintained them to. j quit the kingdom within
twenty-one days. -To avoid banishment, many of
these persons joined- the French and Dutch con
gregations,. ; where they occasioned' such distur
bances, that. Peter Martyr was obliged to inter
pose his interest to restore quietness among them;
If any one is disposed to censure this procla
mation as intolerant, let him consider the circum
stances ofthe times* .and the unsettled state iu
wsbich; the Chnrch of England then stood, opposed
onthe'one hand by the formidable -power of Po
pery, aaid by the insidious artifices of .Puritanism
an^he other- Tlie toleration of various opinions, at
a time when the people, were not sufficiently in^
formed in the principles of true religion) and
when ignorance prevailed to a lamentable degree
among the inferior} clergy, would have been a
fatal measure, to the peace of the Chuuch, if not
to the. -security of the State.. ¦¦_¦
The Act of Uniformity, so much cried out
against, "and the strict resistance made to the en*
croachments ofthe puritans for farther reform,
! may

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXV
.may appear at this time of day harsh and rigorous ;
but if a man would estimate things impartially,
he must .divest himself of modern notions, and
pl»ce himself amidst the very scenes he is observ
ing, £ts4 judge according to the exigencies ofthe
period, as well as agreeably to the sentiments
which then prevailed.
Many divines of considerable: eminence for
learning and .piety, were disgusted with the cano
nical habits, which were retained in the church ;
and there "was a great want of conformity in the
wearing them, .which gave considerable offence
to the queen, who laid her injunctions on tlie bi
shops to press the clergy to obedience. It is sur
prising that sensible and good men should be so
narrow-minded as to trouble the peace of the
Church about innocent garments. Their objec
tions were founded only upon the frivolous plea,
that these vestments had been used in the Church
of Rome ; according to which mode of reasoning
the use of bells, fonts, and indeed churches them
selves, ought to be laid aside.
So early as the year 1561, we find a correspon
dence between the Puritans and Calvin, respect
ing some points in which they wished for his opi
nion. One of the questions was concerning the
expediency of absolution after the public confes
sion. And it merits notice here, that Calvin de
termined the point in favour of the Church of
England. He was candid enough to declare, that it

XXVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
it 'tyas always his intention to bring tbispractice
into the Geneva office; but that being afraid it
would be -complained of as a novelty, he complied
too easily with the omission*. As we have often
been told that inthe reformation ofthe Church of
England, - considerable deference was paid to. the
advice and. opinions of Calvin ; it may not be
improper to consider this subject, since it seems so
naturally to faM -in our way. In the first place,
then, : we hctve- already mentioned the contemp
tuous manner in which this reformer treated- the
•Common. Prayer-Book, when, upon occasion of
the troubles at Frankfort, an abstract of -it-was sent
to him by Knox and other dissenters. This is a
sufficient proof that Calvin and his associates had
na share in drawing up the first and 'second- Li
turgies of Edward VI. and, by a natural infer
ence, that with respect to the Articles of Faith,
too particular respect was- paid to his sentiments.
Incthenext place, the intimate connection which
^it&jsted'between him and the puritans, could not
b© very pleasing to the English prelates, who were
impeded in their laudable and arduous work by
-tlieir pertinacity : nor can we well suppose* that,
.Iwfori the well-kno-wn animosity which- Calvin Jhad
against the hierarchy, liturgy, and ceremonies of
f th© Church of England, the bishops would resort
.lo him for advice. And it is by no means an un
reasonable
Collier, II. p.* 475'li

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXVII
reasonable supposition,' that the slight which they
put upon his judgment, irritated him1 the more
against the Church, and provoked him to write so
disrespectfully as he did of her institutions to the
heads of the puritanical party. Indeed there
was a correspondence at first between Calvin and
archbishop Parker; in \vhich the fonner compli
mented that great prelate on his advancement,
iand proposed to him*"" a union between Protes
tants*;" for which desirable end, he thought a
general synod should be called by queen Eliza
beth: but this project came to'nothing ; nor does
'this correspondence at all prove, that th% Church
of England is Calvinistic in her doctrine's, any
more than she fe in her government, tq "ml t'fkr
1 About this time the Puritans were inereasedooir-
siderablyy and, according to tlieir wonted temper,
began tomake innovations of av^ery serious nature,
and that upon their own authority. In some places
they took down the Steps where the aitars^sfooaii,
and brought the holy table into the middle of*tfc
church. Instead of the antient custom of god
fathers and god-mothers, they left the father to
answer at the font for the child. ? Keeping Tseitt
and othe? fasts commanded by the Church, they
disliked as ' a superstitions practice. Nothing of
this kind would3pass with them hut occasional
abstinence*
* Strype's Life of Archbishop Parker, p. Qg.

XXVlii GENERAL INTRODUCTION,
abstinence, and ^humiliations of their own ap*
pointment. , The festivals fell under the same
censure and neglect ; and to fortify these fancies
with arguments and appearances of reason, they
prevailed with some of. the inferior ordinaries to
recommend calvinistical sermons and expositions
of script lire to several parishes. <u, To stop the pro-.
gress.of these innovations, the archbishop,, with
the advice of some of the bishops, set forth a
book of orders for his province, in which all the
irregularities above-mentioned were directly for
bidden * , The queen concurred with the arch
bishop ; for, this year, ( 1 56' 1,),. there was a strict
proclamation for the keeping of Lent, and this
continued to be the constant custom of this reign,
...{The resolutions and orders of the archbishops
and bjshops, to , be observed in both provinces,
were,.1as follow, ,and,prove clearly to what a height
Puritanism was grown in the Church* and the ne-
eessity of strong measures, to keep ,down , the
spirit of innovation from destroying the whole ec
clesiastical constitution. "K, Tbat licences for
preaching, granted by the late., general visitors,
should be recalled : that none should be admitted
to preach without a previous.examination of theie
doctrine :n that, preachers should be admonished
to be, careful and reserved in their discourses, and not
Heylyn's History of the Reformation.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION, XXax
not spend themselves upon points of controversy :
that they should frequently inculcate the dignity
and benefits of both the sacraments, and press
conformity to the common prayer and the -queen's-
injunctions : that public baptism should be* ad
ministered in the font, and not in basons; and
that private baptism should be given when tlie
person, was dying."
The year 1562 was rendered remarkable by
some propositions made in the convocation by
Sandys, bishop of Worcester, favourable to the
scruples of the puritans. The chief of these were
the laying aside the cross in baptism, kneeling at
the sacrament, instrumental musick in churches,
an abrogation of several church festivals, and the
disuse of the surplice, copes, caps, and other- vest
ments. These points were warmly contested, for
the innovating party were very numerous ; but at
length the opposite side prevailed, and the cere
monies and religious decorations continued in
their former condition. " However, (&s Collier
observes,) 'tis plain by this contest,- the Frankfort
and Geneva precisians had no small interest.
Many ofthe English exiles were willing1 toj reform
away the ornaments and solemnity of divine wor
ship, and thought Calvin's platform ¦ a ' much bet *-
ter. regulation than that of the primitive ehureh.
But, God be thanked, the majority of our reform
ers had a different sense of these matters ! and
had more learning and judgment, More steadiness and

XXX GENERAL INfRODUCTiON.
and resolution, than to be over-ruled with noise
and novelty ! "
It may in some measure be wondered at, that
bishop Sandys, Nowel dean of St. Paul's, and
some other members of this convocation, should
all at once prove sO indulgent to the scruples of
the precise party, as to concede to them points
which, whether of importance or not, certainly
have- christian antiquity on their side, and Can-
plead apostolical usage.- For this, two reasons may
be alleged. These good men had seen so much
ofthe corruptions of the Church of Rome, as to
make them willing to lay aside even primitive and
apostolical rites which had been ill used by that
church. In the next place, many of the scrupu
lous ip arty were learned, pious, orthodox men, and
excellent preachers ; the loss of whose labouf&i'kt
a time when they were peculiarly wantedj av^s ge
nerally felt. On these accounts; but especially
the last, j the bishop moved these propositions',
which were powerfully seconded in the convoca
tion, but were over-ruled by the superior resolu
tion and wisdom ofthe other prelates. '
But the principal -business of this convo'catibh,
was the settling the doctrinal part of the reforrna-s
tion. The articles of religion in 1552 were re
trenched, but the substance remained, ttOr wis
there any alteration made in them with respect to
matter of faith. But at the head of the 20th arti*
cle was placed a clause which has occasioned con*
siderable

GENERAL -INTRODUCTION., XXXI
siderahle controversy, and even been taxed asan
Arrant forgery. The pretended interposition is
this, " The Church hath power to decree rites and
ceremonies,; and authority in controversiesfidf'
faith." This clause-was never questionedttill t4«£
reign of King Charles I. when that factious imdfck
pendent, Henry Burton, charged archbishop Laud
with having foisted it into the Book of Articles
printed in J6CJ8. That great prelate; in*ar speech
made in the Star Chamber, fully cleared: himself
from .this foul accusation, and proved that though'5
hj, some editions the clause was omitted, >thr»liglP
the artifices .of the puritanical party, yefe'thsfclsp
several others of old date it was to be foundppar^
ticularly in the first edition, which wis ttottof-
1563. Add to this, that the great Seldenytiotpiiaro'
ticular friend, by the way, to the hierarchyp^.w3
this declaration in favour of the authenticity^^
the'clause, ' ' , that 'tis most certain they <(!. $ l$kW
words .disputed) were inthe Book of Ailticlt&ciha^
was confirmed, thoughrin some editions tliey ha\#*'
been left out *. " Dr. Heylyn, a writer ojf no m^
dinary industry, expressly decl^reajothat he per-t
us$d the original record, where the. ipmtid^^ke
controverted clause in these words : Habet Eccle
sia^ ritus statuendi jus, et in fidei controversiis
authoritatem. This record, however, was after
wards
Table Talk.

xxxii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
wards unfortunately burnt in the great fire of
London. Notwithstanding these and still farther evi
dences, Anthony Collins, the deist, printed at
the beginning of the last century a pamphlet en
titled Priestcraft in Perfection, in which he had
the impudence to revive the exploded charge,
without alleging the answers which had been
made to it. This infamous libel, however, was
speedily answered in a most able pamphlet, enti
tled A Vindication of the Church of England
from the Aspersions of Priestcraft in Perfection*
The sum of the whole controversy may be seen in
Collier. After these writers comes tlie modest
Daniel Neal, the puritan historian, with his
doubts and quibbles, taxing the veracity of Dr.
Heylyn, and crying up that of the hasty and in
correct Dr. Fuller, but without taking the least
notice of the satisfactory investigation of the
subject, contained in the Vindication of the
Church of England, or that in Collier's Eccle
siastical History.
Notwithstanding the act of uniformity, and the
pains which were taken by the archbishop and-his
suffragans to preserve order in the Church, the
spirit of disaffection continued to prevail, and the
puritanical clergy, who were still suffered to £Xr
ercise their ministry, instead of contributing
their endeavours to the maintenance of peace, were

GENERAL INTRODUCTION^ XXXIII
were perpetually carping about ceremonies, and
inflaming the minds of the people against the esta
blished order of things.
The disordered condition in which the Church
then stood, (Anno Domini lo64,) through the
perverseness of these men, may be seen from a
remonstrance which was sent up to secretary
Cecil, as follows :
Service and Prayer. — Some say the service and prayers in
the chancel; others in the body of the church .; some
officiate in a seat, some in the pulpit with their faces tQ the
people; some keep close to the rubrick; others entertain
the people with singing psalms between the service; some
read with a surplice, and others without it.
Table. — In some places the communion table stands in
the body of the church; in some places it stands altar-wise,
at a little distance from the wall; in others, in the middle!' of
the chancel.
Administration ofthe Communion. — Some administer with a
surplice, and others with none ; some with a communion
cup, and others with a common one.
Receiving. — Some receive kneeling, some standing, and
others sitting.
Baptizing. — Some baptize in a font, and others in a bason;
some sign with a cross, arid others without it; some ad
minister this sacrament with a surplice, and. others appear1
-without it.
. Apparel. — Some of the clergy wear square caps, some
round ones, and some hats; some appear in the habit of
scholars, and others without this distinction *.
VOL. 1. c this
* Life of Archbishop Patker.

XXXIV GENERAL INTRODUCTION*
This variety of judgment and practice, together
with the indiscretion of some of the zealots, di
vided the people into parties, created misunder
standings, and weakened the authority of the go
vernment both in Church and State. To correct
these disorders, and to reduce the clergy to con
formity, the bishops, at tbe command ofthe queen,
drew up several articles under the title of Adver
tisements; but, after they had done this, her majesty
refused to confirm tbem, through the intriguing
influence of the earl of Leicester, and other cour
tiers, who Were friends to the dissenters. The
nobility and gentry had profited so considerably
by the alienation of the church lands, that many
of them were in hopes, by a further reformation,
and a total abolition of episcopacy, to share the
remainder. Hence it was that the Puritan party
received so much countenance at court, and were
enabled to resist, for so long a time, the authori
ty bf the bishops, and the laws of their country.
The disputes about the canonical habits became
more vehement every day, and occasioned bitter
heats not only in London but in Cambridge,
where the young students pretended scruples of
conscience about the lawfulness of wearing square
caps and academical gowns. To allay these su
perstitious singularities, secretary Cecil, chan
cellor of the university, wrote to the vice-chan
cellor " to discountenance this clashing, and
to press conformity." He likewise wrote to St.
John's

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXV
John's College, " telling them their scruples had
nothing but vanity and affectation, popularity
and contempt ofthe government, at the bottom."
He admonished them to acquiesce, to recover
their former practice, and return to the use of
the ceremony. " On the other hand " they ap
pealed to God for their sincerity ; and told the
secretary, that nothing but motives Of duty, and
dint of conscience, made them dissent *.
At this moment of time the reader cannot but
smile » at the narrow compass of those men's con
sciences, who thought it more their duty to oppose
the government and break the peace ofthe Church,
than to wear a harmless square cap and a surplice.
But it was the duty of the prelates and govern
ment, say the advocal^s of these precise men, rto
have yielded to the scruples of the Puritans, by
laying these things with the religious ceremonies
aside. And do ; those advocates really believe,: or
can they think others will believe, that if all
these things had Jbeen. laid aside, the pleas of the
Puritans for farther reformation would have been
at an end? If they do they are qjistaken, for
nothing but a radical change in the church go
vernment and service was at the bottom of all
these scruples and animosities. It is observable,
that the Puritans were on every occasion appeal-
c-2 ing
• MS. Cecilian. Strype Annal. Collier, II. 405.

XXXVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
ing to the judgment ofthe foreign reformers, par
ticularly to that of Calvin and Beza ; the opinion
and conduct of the former we have already no
ticed. In a letter written to the dissenters by
the latter, about this time, in. answer to some
of their questions, he " throws out some very in
jurious reflections upon the constitution of the
English Church, speaks most contemptuously of
the ceremonies and habits as Popish, asserts that
the choice ofthe people is essential to the calling
of a pastor, (which is flat Presbyterianism, and a
censure on the bishops,) and, byway of close,
complains of the queen's neglect of him, in not
having taken notice of his annotations on the New
Testament, which he had sent her." By such
means as these, the Puritan ministers were not
only confirmed in tlieir obstinacy, but had their
spirits tinged still deeper with prejudices against
the church establishment, and succeeded but too
well, by their popularity, in bringing over the
people to their way of thinking.
In London especially, the party was very strong
and insolent, insomuch that archbishop Parker
was under the necessity of applying to the queeu
for a proclamation requiring conformity. This
was granted, but producing little or no effect, a
commission was appointed, by which the London
clergy were ordered to appear at Lambeth, there
to subscribe a declaration of conformity. The
city ministers accordingly attended, and the ma
jority

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXVII
jority'promised obedience ; but thirty-seven could
not be prevailed upon, and nine or ten refused to
appear! The non-conformists were now dealt with
according to the ecclesiastical laws, many of them
were suspended from their livings, and a few vio
lent and seditious men were sent to prison.
The Puritans, however, still continued inflexi
ble, and published several virulent pamphlets
against the Hierarchy, and the proceedings, as well
as the order of the bishops, and apologizing for
holding separate assemblies, because they could
not (as they pretended) symbolize with Antichrist.
The episcopal party were not backward in reply
ing to these libels; and from one of their answers,
(which Collier shrewdly conjectures was written
by bishop Jewel, ) we shall make an extract, as ex
hibiting a true representation of the spirit of the
non-conformists. " Don't suffer Satan to perplex your consciences: throw-
up your contest, and make for unity : be not ashamed to
repent, nor afraid of losing your credit with the people.
We are commanded to go to Nineveh and denounce the
judgments of God; instead of this, we desert our business,
and lie indolent in the hold. This misbehaviour draws thc
storrn upon us ; and unless Jonah repents, the ship is in
danger of b§ing lost. You have churphes, why do ye quit
them and. run to field conventicles? Tou have public places
to officiate in, what makes ye effect private meetings?
You have the Christian religion preached to you in its
original purity, what reason then can ye have to be dis
gusted? Are not the Holy Scriptures read to you? Have ye
c 3 not

XXXViii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
not the liberty of perusing them at pleasure? and is not
Popery discharged ? As for those who conform to the
habit, were they not banished for their orthodoxy? and did
they not give up their fortune with all the resignation
imaginable? Who takes more pains in preaching, who
writes to better purpose, who manages with more vigilance
and vigour in their respective stations, than these men?
You talk of Reformation, but they practice it. If you love
Christ, feed his sheep, and don't quarrel in his vineyard:
Let us help to bear one another's burthens, love our
brethren, and not disturb the public repose *."
This pathetic remonstrance exhibits a strong
contrast to tlie intemperate and rude language of
the non-conformists.
It is not to be denied that some of those who
scrupled the habits and ceremonies, were quiet
and good men, particularly John Fox the mar
tyrologist ; but then it deserves observation, that
those of his character and disposition were unmo
lested in their ministry.
The Puritans in general, however, were very
head-strong and clamorous against the Church
service ; and so great was their violence and strong
their party, that archbishop Parker, in a letter to
Cecil about this time, expresses some " appre
hensions of his life, from the menaces which had
been thrown out against him by the dissenters."
Even bishop Grindal, who had hitherto been re
markably indulgent to the non-conformists, be

gan

' Life of Archbishop Parker, App. xlix.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXIX
gan to entertain apprehensions of their designs,
and to exert himself against them.
They had now declared for a direct Schism,
and formed several separate congregations in and
about London, to serve God, as they pretended,
in a purer way, and to promote, by every means in
their power, the goodly work of reformation. Mr.
Neal, in relating the story of this first separation
from the church, makes this remarkable conces
sion, that the breach thus widened, gave vent to
that " fire which at last broke out into a civil
war, and, with unspeakable fury, destroyed the
constitution both of Church and State," vol. 1,
p. 231. But then the same writer takes care td
throw the blame, not upon the Schismatics, but
upon the prelates, whom he treats, without the
least ceremony, as little better than inquisitors.
But, we are as willing as any one to, " leave
the reader to judge at whose door the beginnings
of these sorrows are to be laid;" for it will appear
from twhat has already been related, that these
scrupulous men set up their own presumptuous
wills in opposition to the government, civil and
ecclesiastical, about things indifferent. It is plain
that they laid a stumbling block in the way of the
reformation, by their refractory spirit, disobedience
of order, and squabbles about ceremonies. The
ground of our separation from the Church . of
Rome was not that she had instituted some new
rites, festivals, habits, or ceremonies, but that her
c 4 bishop

Xl GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
bishop had usurped an authority more than Apo
stolical, and by virtue of that authority had al
tered Christ's own institutions, and introduced
fundamental errors both of faith and practice :
hence a separation was become indispensably ne
cessary. But the dissenters from the Church of
England could never plead any such grounds for
their separation from her communion : they de
parted, because they would not wear an innocent
habit, and observe ceremonies which had the suf
frage of the primitive ages. As, therefore, they
made a breach on account of things indifferent,
and not on account of sinful corruptions, they
were, to every intent and purpose, guilty of
Schism ; and " the beginnings of all the sor
rows" which then happened, as well as their con
sequences in the next age, " must be laid at their
door." But even Mr. Neal allows that these first sepa
ratists were enemies to tbe episcopacy, and to the
whole order of church government, though, with
a strange inconsistency, he asserts, that had the
" habits and ceremonies been given up by the bi^
shops, " the schism would never have been made.
This is not likely ; for, if these men were for " a
root and branch" reformation, like their godly bre*-
thren in Scotland, and their loyal successors in
England, they would hardly have continued in
obedience to the authority of prelates, whom they
regarded " as lords over God's heritage."
' : • It

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 3tll
It must, however, here be observed, that the
moderate non- conformists, as Fox, Humphreys,
and some others, were much troubled at the tur
bulent conduct of their brethren, and opposed
the schism with great fervour ; as likewise did the
foreign divines, Bullinger and Gualter of Zurich,
and Beza of Geneva.

SECTION

Xiii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

SECTION III.
*
Nothing eould be more acceptable to the
Church of Rome than the religious dissentions
which thus prevailed in England. The emissaries
of that Church were directed by their superiors to
lend their assistance to the separatists, to mingle
in their congregations, to preach against the
English hierarchy, and in short to spread purita-
nism as much as possible, in order to effect the
ruin of the Church of England. The dissenters
have been always shy of acknowledging this ; but
the facts are upon record, and though their his
torians have been silent upon the subject, we con
ceive it our duty to relate them.
From a journal kept by Sir William Cecil, then
secretary of State, these words are extracted :
" In these days (Anno 1567) men began to speak
against the reformed prayers, established first by
King Edward VI. and his parliament; and since
by her majesty and her parliament.' Upon which
account divers Papists disguisedly spoke as bit
terly against the reformed prayers of the church,
as those then called Puritans did. " Of the truth
of this take the following instances. In the same
year (1567) came one of these dissenting preach
ers to Maidstone, to the inn there, with several
followers, where they bespoke a dinner. Then
came many others to the inn inquiring for this
man,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xliii
man, whose name was Faithful Cummin, a Do
minican friar. Being met in a room which they
had taken, Cummin exercised extemporary prayer
for about two hours, groaning and weeping much.
The exercise being over, most of the company
departed; but some of>them tarried and dined
with the preacher. Of this meeting John Clark
son, the archbishop's chaplain, being informed,
acquainted his grace, who laid the matter before
the queen and council, and the year following
this Cummin was apprehended and examined in
the presence of her majesty, when one of the wit
nesses deposed, that as he was at prayers, she
thought he was distracted, but " the people said
he was an heavenly man, and that God's spirit
made him weep for the sins of the people." In
his answers before the council, he pretended
" that it was license enough to preach to have
the spirit, " which he said he had : and when the
archbishop demanded "if that could be the spirit
which complied not with the orders of the Church
lately purged and cleansed from idolatry ?" he
answered, that " he endeavoured to make the
church purer than it was."
Having given bail for his second appearance,
he was disinissed, but in the meantime he thought
it was bis best way to be gone. So he came to his
followers, told them that '^having been ac
quitted, he was warned of God to go beyond seas
to instruct the Protestants theEe, and would re
turn

xliv GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
turn to them again. He told them moreover,
that " spiritual prayer was the chief testimony of
a true Protestant, and that the set term of prayer
in England was but the mass translated." Then
praying with them extempore, he shed many tears,
which he had at command : at parting, he told
them that he was destitute of a farthing, on which
the people raised him thirty pounds, and so he got
away. On his return to Rome, the Pope caused
him to be imprisoned for the abuses he had spread
of him in England ; but Cummin writ to his Ho
liness, acquainting him that he had something of
importance to communicate, if he could have the
honour of being admitted into his presence. The
Pope sent for him next day, and thus addressed
him : "T have heard the character you have be
stowed upon me and my predecessors among your
heretics in England, by reviling my person, and
exposing my church. " To this Cummin replied,
" I confess my lips have uttered what my heart
never thought ; but your Holiness little imagines
the considerable service I have done you." To
which the Pope returned, "How in the name
of Jesus, Mary, and all the saints, hast thou
done so?" "Sir, (said Cummin,) I preached
against set forms of prayer, and I called the Eng
lish-Liturgy a translation of the Mass Book: I
have made the people fond of extempore prayer,
and by that means the Church of England is be
come as odious to my proselytes, as mass is to the
2 Church

GENERAL INTRODUCTION., xiv
.Church of England ; and this will be a stumbling
block to that Church while it is a Church."
Upon which the Pope commended him, and gave
him a reward of two thousand ducats for his good
services*." About the same time one Thomas Heath, a Je
suit, and biother to the late archbishop of York,
was seized at Rochester. He was sent over mis
sionary by his superiors, with instructions to pre
tend himself a dissenter. He was furnished witb
several Anabaptistical and Arian tracts ; and
was to throw in a mixture of Puritan doctrines.
This Heath, after six years preaching about the
country, in the habit of a poor minister, applied
himself to the dean of Rochester for preferment.
The dean, to try his talent, gave him a turn in thp
cathedral ; in his sermon he refined a lit^e upon
the Church of England,., and warped towards Pu
ritanism. His text was, that Prayer, was ynflde
without ceasing unto God, for St. Peter, From
hence he took occasion to observe, that these
prayers were not such as were then in use in the
English Liturgy. -. As it happened, aTetter drop
ped out of his pocket from the pulpit, which was
taken up by the sexton, and delivered to th£
bishop. It was superscribed to him by the name
of Thomas Fine, from one Malt, a-s noted Jesuit
at Madrid. The purport of it was to instruct him
* Strype's Life of Parker.

Xlvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
liim in the management of his mission. Upon
this discovery, the bishop examined him closely.
At first he owned no more than that he had been
a Jesuit, but was now of another persuasion ; that
he was not entirely of the sentiments of the epis
copal party, but endeavoured to carry Protes tan ism
to a further improvement, and set the reformed at
more distance from the Church of Rome. After
this, upon searching his chamber* they found a li
cence from the Jesuits, and a bull from pope Pius V.
In this instrument there was a discretionary lati
tude for preaching what doctrine his superiors
thought fit. This compass was allowed in order
to make misunderstandings among Protestants.
In his trunk there were several books against in
fant baptism, with other heterodoxies. For this
ifoul practice he was sentenced to stand three days
in the pillory at Rochester, his ears to be cutoff,
his nose slit, and his forehead marked with the
letter R. He was over and above condemned- to
perpetual imprisonment, . but death released him a
few months after '*f.
After this, little doubt can be entertained' that
Puritanism was an engine made use of for the in
troduction of Popery.
But notwithstanding these discoveries, the
party were not ashamed. To their former objec tions
* Collier's Eccles. Hist. II, 518. Foxes and Fire
brands, pt. 1.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xlvii
tions they now added bolder pretensions, and
nothing would content them but a total subver
sion of the Church government, and the substitu
tion of the Presbyterian discipline. Cartwright,
the lady Margaret's professor of divinity at Cam
bridge, first threw off the mask, and became the
champion of the sect. He began at first to read
daagerous lectures, and soon gained many follow
ers* who threw the whole university into confu
sion. For this he was deprived of the lectureship ;
but the seeds of error which he had sown in that
great nursery of learning, were never eradicated
till 'the -Church- and State fell a prey to sacrilege
and rebellion.
The Puritans now had recourse to a very extra*
ordinary measure to effect their purpose. They
drew up two Admonitions, as they called fchem^ to
the parliament : in the first they represented their
pretended grievances, and that the only way of
redress was to allow their scheme of discipline.
For this the two ministers who presented it we^e
sent to prison ; but the author, Cartwright, not
at all discouraged, published the second admoni
tion, in which he uttered these bold expressions,
" That the State did not shew itself upright, al
ledge the parliament what it will ; that all honest
men should find lack of equity, and all good con
sciences condemn that court ; that it should be
easier for Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of
judgment, than for such a parliament: that there is

Xlviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
is no other thing to be. looked for than some
speedy vengeance to light upon the whole land,
let the politic Machiavels of England provide as
well as they can, though God do his worst : and
finally, if they of that assembly would not follow
the advice of the first admonition, they would in
fallibly be their own carvers in it, the Church
being bound to keep God's order, and nothing
to be called God's order but the present plat
form*." So daring a libel, in which nothing short of a
complete destruction of the Church was threat
ened, excited considerable notice, and as it was
industriously circulated throughout the kingdom, '
it was found necessary that an answer to it should
be published. The execution of this task de
volved upon Dr. Whitgift, who managed the con
troversy with temper, learning, and argument,
and obtained, in the estimation of all competent
judges, a decided victory.
Shortly after this, the separatists established a
formal presbytery at Wandsworth, near London.
But though they contrived to hold their meetings
privately, the queen was soon informed of then-
proceedings, and issued out her proclamation for
enforcing the AB of Uniformity, and the calling
in of scandalous books and pamphlets. The con
duct of the Puritans certainly warranted vigorous

measures

* Admon. p. 61.

GENERAL INTRODUCTI-Ott. xlix
measures- for they were now struggling, not for
a toleration, but power. Their avowed object was
the destruction af the Chnrch establishment, and
the substitution of the Presbyterian plan. That
this is true will appear from the solemn protesta
tion which every member of their congregations
was obliged to take at his admission, part Of
which was as follows: "Being thoroughly per
suaded in my conscience, by the working and by
the word of the Almighty, that these relicks of
Antichrist be abominable before the Lord our
God ; and also, for that by the power, mercy,-
strength and goodness of the Lord our God only,
I am escaped from the filthiness and pollution of
these detestable traditions, through the know
ledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; and
ra£t of all, inasmuch as, by the working also of
th& Lord Jesus, his Holy Spirit, I have joined in
prayer, and hearing God's Word, with those that
have not yielded to this idolatrous trash, notwith
standing the danger of not coming to my parish
eh&rchj &c. — Moreover, I have now joined my
self to the Church of Christ ; wherein I have
yielded myself subject to the discipline of God's
word, as I promised at my baptism, which if I
should again mistake;, and join myself with their
traditions, I should forsake the union wherein I
am knit to -the body of Christ, and join myself to
the discipline of Antichrist. For in the church
ofthe traditioners there is no other discipline than
vol. 1. d that

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION*
that which hath been maintained by the antichris
tian Pope of Rome, whereby the Church of God
hath always been afflicted, and is until this day.
For the, which cause I refuse them. God give U9
grace still to strife in suffering under the cross,
that the blessed word of our God may only rule,
and have the highest place, to cast down strong
holds, to destroy or overthrow policy or imagina
tions, and every high thing that is exalted against
the knowledge of God, and to bring into capti
vity or subjection every thought to the obedience
of Christ."
To this protestation every individual in the
congregation did swear, and afterwards took the
communion for ratification of his assent.
Thus we see that the Puritan chiefs, not only
made their proselytes swear that the church ser
vice was abominable, and her episcopal govern
ment antichristian, but that they would ''strive
to destroy or overthrow the whole, that the blessed
word of God alone might rule,"
From this it is evident the government had just
cause to be alarmed at the innovations which were
then prevailing ; and if vigorous measures were
adopted to check them, it ought to be considered
that the refractory party gave sufficient provo
cations. Several ministers were suspended for not com
ing up to the full terms of conformity, and for
yenting puritanical notions from the pulpit. In
deed

GENERAL INTRODUCTION li
deed many of these were so fond of popularity, and
of being followed as eloquent preachers, that they
slighted every other part of divine service, and
indulged the humour of the age in preaching, not
upon plain christian doctrines and duties, but
upon church government, ceremonies, and the
necessity of farther reformation. It was neces
sary, therefore, to have an eye1 upon these preach
ers, whose influence upon the people was very
great. The expediency of religious instruction
was felt ; but when it was found that, instead of
teaching men their duty, the popular preachers
were filling their heads with notions about things
of which they were not competent to judge, salu
tary restrictions were laid upon them, which they
exclaimed against, as though the word of God
were hindered thereby.
There had lately been a new method of instruc
tion set up in several dioceses, calle&'prophesying.
The manner of which was this : Certain of the
clergy agreed upon times and places for a public
meeting ; this place was some church in the
neighbourhood : the business was to expound
some text of scripture, and here they had a mo
derator to govern the exercise ; to prevent impro
per lengths and foreign digressions, to report
the substance of what was delivered, and to de
termine upon the question and performance ! This
exercise seems to have been brought from Scot
land, since we met with it.first in Knox's Book of
d % Discipline.

Iii GENERAL INTRODUCTION*
Discipline. Whatever may be thought of the
utility of such apian properly conducted, 'tis cer
tain the managers took unwarrantable liberties*.
Under pretence of reading the scriptures, they
started controversies, descanted upon the church
discipline, and questioned the lawfulness of epis
copacy. By this misbehaviour the design of the
meeting was lost ; and neither the edifying the
laity, nor the improvement of the clergy, was an
swered upon trial *.
By tbe vigilance of archbishop Parker these*
prophesyings were suppressed as seminaries of Pu
ritanism, although he was warmly resisted in
his ehdeavours by several members of the privy
council, and even by a few of the bishops. This
great and good prelate, after bravely stemming
the various factions which strove to overset the
Church, died on the 17th of May 1575, and was
succeeded by Dr. Edmund Grindal archbishop of
York, a man of sound learning and piety, and
well affected to the establishment.
There was not, however, that discernment and
penetration in the new archbishop which so emi
nently distinguished his predecessor, nor Avas he
endowed with his vigorous spirit and perseverance.
Being of a mild and indulgent temper, he con
ceived better ofthe Puritan* than they deserved;
at least he thought that, by gentle treatment, they
might
* Collier, p. 647.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. liii
might be brought over to conformity ; in which
he was mistaken. His first attempt in their fa
vour was the restoration of their favourite prophe-
syings, with a few regulations. This gave great
offence to the queen, who peremptorily ordered
him to suppress these institutions ; which orders
he refused to obey. It is certain her majesty
stretched the prerogative in this instance beyond
all bounds ; for she issued her letters to the other
bishops to put down the prophesyings in their
dioceses, and sequestered the archbishop from his
jurisdiction for six months. Grindal's firmness
in maintaining the rights of his office against the
arbitrary commands of the queen was highly com
mendable ; but his government of the church was
in other respects strangely negligent. For instance,
he not only suffered the non-conformists to offi
ciate without regard to the Rubricks, but even li
censed men who had received nothing more than
Presbyterian ordination, to celebrate divine offices,
to minister the sacraments *, &c. throughout his
province. Before his death, which happened in
1583, he recovered the queen's favour, and was
fully restored to his archiepiscopal privileges.

d3 SECTION

* Collier, 579.

liv' GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

¦ SECTION IV.
On the death of Grindal, the queen was at no
loss for a successor. She had already resolved
upon placing Dr. John Whitgift in the vacant
chair, a divine whose principles, abilities, and re
solution, were already well known, by his contro
versy with the Puritans, and his zealous conduct
as bishop of Worcester. Immediately on his en
tering upon this high station, and at the queen's
own desire, he began to enforce uniformity, and
to restore discipline. One of his first measures
was the requiring the clergy to subscribe the three
articles which were afterwards admitted into the
canons of 1603, viz. the queen's ecclesiastical su
premacy, the Unexceptionableness of the common
prayer and forms of ordination, and the verity of
the 39 articles.
This was a deep stroke at the root of Puri
tanism, and occasioned great concern among the
friends of the party. The archbishop began with
the clergy in his own diocese, and those who re
fused to subscribe were suspended. The same
was done in the diocese of Norwich. Some of
the suspended ministers applied to the privy coun
cil, where they had several powerful friends. Ap
plication was accordingly made to the archbishop
to be less strict in his government, but he was
resolved

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lv
resolved to press full conformity, conscious that
the Church could not stand without it; for the
want Of regularity in the Church only served to
strengthen the force of those who had openly se
parated from our communion.
About this time arose the sect of the Brownists,
so called from one Robert Brown, a minister of
the Church of England, who was for some time
"strongly attached to-, the party of Cartwright, but
being a man of extravagant passions, he» deter
mined to hammer out a new heresy of his own in
dention. His followers at first were few, but he
soon increased their number, and gathered .seve
ral congregations. He held that 'the Church of
England was no true Church, that there was little
or nothing of Christ's institution in the public
ministrations, and that all good Christians were
obliged to separate from those impure assemblies:
that their next step was to join him and his disci
ples; because among them there was nothing but,
what was pure and unexceptionable, evidently in
spired by the spirit of God, and refined from all
alloy and profanation. To justify these congrega
tions, Brown scattered his books in most parts of
the kingdom ; but the government was on the
watch, and two of his followers were appre
hended and executed for publishing seditious
libels. Whatever may be thought of the neces
sity of strong measures, at that time, to keep down
the spirit of innovation, it cannot be denied that
d4< the

lvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION-
the execution of these men was rather hard, espeJ
Cially as the author of the libels was not brought
to trial. The fa<3 was, that Brown, being allied
to the lord treasurer, was screened, and afterwards
made his submission, upon which he obtained a
living in Northamptonshire. At last he died in
Northampton gaol, to which he had been com
mitted for an assault in 1630.
The severity of the laws against non-conformity
put the Puritans upon their guard, and made them
act with great caution. Hitherto they had no
distinct form either of discipline or worship for
their congregations ; but now Cartwright having
devised a book of discipline, a general assembly
qf the party \vas held for putting it into execu
tion. As they knew it Avas impossible to carry
thejr project into effect, if they made an open de
claration of it, they contrived to manage the
whole under the mask of conformity ; and the bet
ter to disguise their schgnie, they agreed tp drop
the exercise of prophesying, and set up lectures in
the principal towns of each county. But, after all,
there was one great difficulty remaining; and
that was, the inconsistency of Cartwright 's model
with the established form of worship. As these
could not possibly be compromised, recourse Avas
had to the following evasion, which is the same
now used in some modern conventicles. Their
method was to hire a lay brother, (as Snape
did a lame soldier of Berwick,) or some ignorant

curate

'4

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lvii
CUr^te, to read the Common Prayer ; but as for
themselves and their followers, they never came
to church till the Liturgy was over, and the psalm
was ^nging before the sermon. Thus one of their
ministers, in a letter to Field, acquaints him, that
" he stpod clear of the Common Prayer, and
preached every Lord's day in his congregation :
that he managed Avith this liberty by the advice
of the reverend brethren Avho had lately made
him one of the classis, Avhich Avas held Aveekly in
some place or other."
In such circumstances, it behoved the arch
bishop and the other prelates to be strict in press
ing conformity ; and that more especially as the
Puritans had many great men in their interest,
who endeavoured as much as they could to pro
mote their views for avaricious ends.
That profound statesman, Lord Burleigh, tried
a curious experiment upon the dissenters, in
order to bring about an accommodation between
them and the conformists. The former having
laid before them some objections to the Liturgy,
he desired them to draAv up another, and contrive
the offices in such a way as should give general
satisfaction to their brethren. On this the first
class of the Presbyterians dreAv up a form accord
ing to that of Geneva : in this the second class
made no less than 600 alterations ; but the third
ejected it, and framed one of their own ; and the
fourth, censuring both, declared for a neAv one.
Burleigh

lviii GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS
Uurleigh then told them, that since they could
not agree among themselves, he could not coun
tenance them any farther. Sir Francis Walsing
ham, Avho was more their friend, offered them, in
the queen's name, that if they would get rid of
their other objections, and conform in other
points, the three ceremonies to which they had
the greatest aversion, should be set aside ; i. e.
kneeling at the communion, wearing the sur
plice, and the cross in baptism. To these large
concessions they replied in the language of Moses
iNe ungulam esse rel'mquendam, " they would
not leave so much as a hoof behind." This im
pudent answer entirely lost them Walsingham 's
affection, as he saw clearly that nothing but a
complete .'overthrow of the Church was what
Avould content them.
brr It Avould take up a lafge volume to detail all
the i attempts Avhich Avere made by the Puritans in
this reign, to accomplish their scheme, and to set
up the Geneva discipline on the ruins of episco
pacy. -ai Presbyteries were formed in every part of
the kingdom ; disaffected lecturers and tutors
crept into the universities to corrupt the stu
dents ; and preachers strolled about all over the
country to prejudice the minds of the people
against the Liturgy, conformable ministers, and
the bishops. Several applications were made to
parliament, and some bills \Vere actually carried
in the lower house, to .. undermine the founda tions,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lix
tions, under the pretence of reformation ; but, by
the Providence of God, the vigilance of the eood
archbishop, and the stedfastness of the queen, all
these schemes proved abortive.
In order to inflame the people against tire
Hierarchy, the Puritans had recourse to the press,
and circulated, Avith indefatigable industry, the
most audacious libels, under the name of Martin-
Marprelate. These were drawn up by a club of
Separatists, the principal of whom was John
Penry, a hot-headed Welshman, Avho Avas after
wards apprehended and executed. To silence
these clamours, and disable the railing, Avhich Avas
carried to the last degree of coarseness and pas
sion, the archbishop caused a grave and * solid
piece to be published, entitled '•' An Admonition
to thq people of England against Marprelate."
But it seems (says Collier) their obstinacy and
assurance Avas such, that there was no reasoning
them out of their rudeness. 'Twas thought,
therefore, the best \vay to answer a fool according
to his folly, and combat these pamphleteers at
their own Aveapon. They Avere attacked in this
manner by one Tom Nash, Avho had a genius
for satire, a lively turn and spirit for the encoun
ter ; by these advantages, together with that of
the cause, he broke the enemy at two or three
charges, and drove them out of the field *. What
* E. H. II. 606.

]x GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
What reflects the greater disgrace upon the Pu
ritans is, that Avhen the kingdom Avas in the
greatest danger, from the threatened Spanish in
vasion, they were busiest in dispersing their infa
mous books, to prejudice the minds of the people
against the government.
It Would be amusing to go into detail upon the
Avhimsies of the discipline Avhich Avas adopted by
the Puritans. One instance shall snffice ; under
the article of Baptism the directions are these,
" Let not Avomen only offer children to baptism,
but the father, if it may be conveniently, or some
other in his name. Let persuasions be used that
such names that do savour either of Paganism or
Popery, be not given to children at their bap
tism, but principally those whereof there are ex
amples in the scriptures. " The Puritans were
very strict in keeping close to: this rule, as may
be collected from the odd names they gave their
.children : such as, The Lord is near, More Tryall,
Reformation; Discipline, >Joy again, Sufficient)
From above, Fi-ee Gifts, More Fr'uit, Dust, kc.
And here Snape Avas remarkably scrupulous ; for
this minister refused tp baptize one Hodkiuson's
child, because he Avould have it christened Rich
ard; in consequence of Avhich the father had his
child baptized by a conforming clergyman *.
Several
* Bancroft's Dangerous Positions, B. iii. chap. 1 2. The Puri
tans of the next age did not fall short of the ingenuity of
their

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxi £
.-• Several ofthe Puritan ministers Averenow com
mitted to prison, among Avhom was the celebrated
Cartwright ; and that the government had some
reason to proceed with severity, will appear frolro "
the extravagarit proceedings of three incendiaries*
Coppinger, Arthington, and Hacket,. who about
this time set up for prophets. They were all of
them wonderfully affected to the Puritan disci
pline, and kept up a correspondence Avith some of
the leading ministers of that persuasion, particu
larly Cartwright and Udall. 0 These men, after
acting their parts secretly, were resolved to make
their public appearance in London. Accordingly,
in the summer -of 1501, Coppinger and Art! ington
Game to Hacket's lodgings to anoint him with the
Holy Ghost ; but he told them that he had .aheady
been,- anointed1 : in Heaven ; and , then gave ^ them
his commands to proclaim him? ' ' Go your Avays.
both,
their ancestors, as may be? stin from »- the' names of a grand
jury, retert^ied inthe county Tof Sussex during! the great' rebellion*
Accepted Tremor, of Hoiqhapf , ; Sedee me d -, Qwpton, of Battle;
Faint Note He-wet, of Heathfield ; Make. Peace Heafon, of Hare ;
God-Reward Smart, of Fivehurst ; Standfast on High Stringer,
cjf Crowhurst ; Earth Adams, oi "V^arbleton, Called Lower of
the'safoe; Kill Sin Pimple; of SWkham y^t-eturn Spdlmafi, of
Watlihg ; Be faithful ' JoyVer, of Britling \ Fly-debate Roberts t
of the same- j Fight the good Fight of Faith White, of Emer j
More Fruit Flower, of East Hadley ; Hope for Bending, of the
same ; Graceful Harding, of Lewes ; Weep not Billing, of the
same; Meei Brewer,,of Oktham.-nBrdme'rTwels o*er England*
p. 27ff.

lxii GENERAL INTRODUCTION."
both, (says he,) and tell them in the city, that
Christ Jesus- is come with his fan in his hand,
to judge the earth. And if any man ask you
where he is, tell them he lies at Walker's House
by Broken Wharf ; and if they will not believe
it,; let them come and kill me; for as truly as
Christ Jesus is in heaven, so truly is he come to
judge theAvorld." The two heralds then went
forth, the first pretending to be the prophet of
Mercy, and the other the prophet of Judgment.
Coppinger published his message below stairs,
and then both running into the streets, went on
in the discharge of their commission, crying, Re
pent, England, repent ! When they came towards
the cross in Cheapside, the crowd increased to
such a degree that they could go no farther. On
this they mounted an empty cart, and harangued
the people, proclaiming the virtues of Hacket,
Avho they said represented Jesus Christ himself,
by a communication of his glorified body, by his
principal spirit (as their cant goes), by the
office of parting the good from the bad with his
fan in his hand, and by establishing the reform
ation and the holy cause throughout Europe,
of which he was lawful king. They also declared
that the queen had forfeited her crown, and ought
to be deposed. At the end they charged some
members of the privy council Avith treason, and
prayed God to confound them. y3 ._
Hacket and his colleagues were instantly appre
hended,

GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS lxiii
liended, and after being examined by the privy
council, tried at the Old Bailey. The former
was executed, Coppinger starved himself to death
in prison, and Arthington, upon recantation and
confession, was pardoned.
The Puritans endeavonred to dear themselves
ofthe charge brought against them, that they were
connected with these fanatics. ' It has not been
made to appear, indeed, that they countenanced
these mad proceedings ; but it is; certain that
Hacket and his* associates were Puritans, and had
held intimate correspondence with ministers of
that persuasion. It is also certain; that Avhen these
men, particularly Ooppiriger, pretended to an ex
traordinary < commission from God to effeeti a
reformation, those ministers did not discourage
them ; on the contrary ,i Penry, who was afterwards
executed for treasonable practices, Avrote from
Scotland to Arthingtonv •acquainting hinv that
"reformation must .shortly be Jereotedrin Eng
land,; and that hfirdook him .for a tvu.e prophet"
If they were madrnierk, asrNeii saysrfchey were, it
is evident that Puritanism made them mad."
: On the day that Hacket Avas executed, < one
Stone, a Puritan minister, took the oath to an*
swer interrogatories, and was examined by a
commissioner of the Star Chamber.
He gave a full account of the greater and lesser
assemblies of the non-conformists, where they
met, how often, and what persons assisted ' in
them.

Ixiv GENEBAL INTRODUCTION.
them. He likewise answered several question^
concerning the authority by Avhich they met,
who were moderators, Avhat points were debated,
and what censures exerted. This confession
Avas highly resented by the party,, Avho treated
Stene as an apostate ; but he defended his conduct
very ably, in a letter which Fuller has preserved
in his Church History.
The non-conformists, in consequence of these
circumstances, were rather severely handled by
the high commission, and many of their ministers
were sent to prison. But Cartwright, their leader,
had considerable favour sheAvn him by his old
antagonist, archbishop Whitgift, who gave him
leave to settle at Warwick,, where he Avas master
of the hospital founded by the earl of Leicester.
Here he had the liberty of preaching, on condition
that he should utter nothing, either from the
pulpit or press, contrary to the constitution of
the Church of England. The man was uoav be
come moderate* o>ving probably to the extrava
gant conduct of some of his party,. Avho had gone
beyond the "boundaries Avhich he prescribed.
Among their extravagancies,, the Sabbatarian
doctrine, which was broached about this time,
and spread wonderfully among the Puritans, may
be recorded as one of the most remarkable. It
Was first started by one Dr. Bound, Avho, in -his
book on the Sabbath, held, that though the day
be changed, the Jewish rigour must be observed in
keeping

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxV
keeping it. To this end scholars must not study
the sciences, nor laAvyers entertain clients, nor
peruse evidences ; Serjeants, apparitors, and sum
moned, must be prohibited executing their re
spective offices J justices of peace are not to take
examination^, nor act upon that day. To ring
tnore bells than one is unlawful. No public en
tertainments or Avedding dinners are to be made.
Eastly, all diversions laAvful upon other days are
to be forborn, and no person to discourse of re
creations, news or business.
This gloomy doctrine, so exactly suiting the
temper of the Puritans, Avas eagerly received, and
became very popular. At last some of the party
tan into scandalous extremes, and held, that to
do any servile work or business on the Lord's day,
to make a feast or dress a wedding dinner, was
as bad as to commit murder or adultery*
In addition to this austere dogma, the Puritans
distinguished themselves by preaching the horri
ble doctrine of Reprobation ; and, by cunningly
representing themselves as the elect, they brought
over numbers to their party, whose weak minds Avere
impressed with the fatal notion that even a pious
life, and conformity to the Church, was no secu
rity against the Divine vengeance, Avithout a sense
of the operation of grace, and a union with the
saints upon earth.
These controversies were much agitated to-
vo t 1. e wards

lxvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
wards the close of this reign ; but the Puritans,
though they had no arguments to maintain
against the learned, were too snccessful in gaining
proselytes among the common people. The Sab
batarian rigours Avere designed to prejudice men
against the Church-festivals; and the Calvinistic
points of Election and Reprobation Avere Avell
calculated to make them believe, that the Puri
tans only, who affected uncommon austerity o£
life, were the Elect of God.

SECTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxvii

Section v.
On the -death of Queen Elizabeth, the hopes of
the Puritan^ revived, because1 James the Sixth of
Scotland,' her successor, Avas brought up under
the Presbyterians in his own country. ,J Nor were
the expectations of the Papists less sanguine at
this eA-ent, from the consideration of the king's
regard to the memory of his mother, who, in some
respects, may be said to have fallen a victim to
her religion.
But the Puritans proceeded to greater lengths
than the Papists ; for, as if they Avere sure that
their practices Avere agreeable to the new monarch,
they began to lay aside the surplice and the cere
monies, to make innoA'ations in the public wor
ship, and to use extempore prayers. A check,
however, Avas soon put to their zeal, by a procla
mation forbidding all innovation either in doc
trine or discipline.
Their next step was to petition the king for a
due and godly reformation, in Avhich they com
plained of the cross in baptism, the surplice, the
absolution, ring in marriage, length of the church
service, festivals, boAving at the name of Jesus,
and many other particulars. This address was
affectedly called the Millenary Petition, though
it fell^hort of a thousand by some hundreds.
e2 The

Ixviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION*
The university of Oxford published an effectual
answer to this petition; and the university of
Cambridge passed a decree, that Avhoever opposed
the doctrine or discipline of the Church of Eng
land, either by word, or Avriting, should be sus
pended from his .degrees.
The king, however, Avas willing to hear Avhat
objections the Puritans had to urge against the
Church ; and for this purpose he ordered that a
conference should be held hetAveen them and the
episcopal party, in his presence, at Hampton Court
palace'..- It is certain that archbishop Whitgift,
about this, time, had some apprehensions for the
safety of the Church, from the countenance ofthe
king to the Puritans in his progress out of ScoU
land, and from the powerful influence of the Pres
byterians who accompanied his majesty to Eng
land. Several Avriters, particularly Neal, and tlie
author ofthe Confessional, have represented this
famed conference as a mere farce and state trick
on the part ofthe king and the bishops. But the
contrary of this is apparent from the. proceedings.
The arciibishop, as we have just remarked, was
ignorant, at this time, of his majesty's real senti-*
ments on Church matters, and extremely fearful
of the power Avhich the friends of the Puritans
might have on his mind ; the bishops themselves,
in the conference, were actuated by similar ap
prehensions : the king, for his part, though he
sheAved considerable abilities as a theologian and
logician,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxi*
logician1, yet evinced equal ignorance of the con
stitution of the Church of England ; nor did he
express any remarkable favour to the episcopal
patty. It is true, when he found the objections
ofthe Puritans so' few, and their arguments' so
Aveak, his determination on the opposite side Avas
strong, and rather veheihent. Yet some things
were conceded to them; among which may be
mentioned these, that there should be a new trans
lation of the Bible ; that some alterations should >
be made in the Book of Common Prayer; and that
the sacrament of baptism should only be cele
brated by persons in holy orders, it being' before'
usual, on some urgent occasions, for any Chris
tian man or Avoman to baptize. This conference '
lasted three days; and, Avhen it ended, Avhich was
January 18, l604r, the four non-conformist minis
ters expressed" their satisfaction, and promised5
obedience to the bishops.
But the great body ofthe Puritans Avere not
quite so tractable: their old -animosity remained;
and their splenetic dispositions Avere not to be
softened with amf thing '¦¦ short of a thorough re* '
fdrrrfafioir/on their own plan. They were greatly
dissatisfied with the conduct oftheir delegates at
theconference, though, with their accustomed re-
garif to- truth and' consistency, thfey gave -out that
their party' had* gained a complete victory in the
e 3 debates,

1XX GENERAL ^INTRODUCTION.
debates, even by the confession of the king him
self ; and that the concessions Avhich had been
made, Avere so many steps to a farther reformation.
To refute these calumnies, his majesty shortly
after issued a proclamation, in which he declared,
" that the success Ofthe Conference Avas such,
as happens to 'many other tilings which ^ give
great expectation before they are closely ex
amined, that he found strong remonstrances, sup
ported with such slender proofs, that both himself
and his council perceived there Ai^as no ground
for any change in those things Avhich Avei-e most
loudly clamoured against ; that the Book of Com
mon Prayer, "tod the doctrine of the established
Church, were both unexceptionable. "And as to
the rites and ceremonies, they had the practice of
the Primitive Church to plead in their defence.
Lastly, this proclamation requires and enjoins all
men, as well ecclesiastical as temporal, to conform
to the Book of Common Prayer, as being the
only public form of serving God established and
allowed in this realm. " >-• A feAV Aveeks after this
conference, died that, great and good prelate, arch
bishop Whitgift, Avhose last words shew Avhat lay
nearest to his heart, pro ecclesia Dei ! When the
king heard of his sickness, he visited him at Lam
beth, and told him " he would pray to God for
hie life ; and if he could obtain it, he should think it

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxi
it one ofthe greatest temporal blessings that could
be giA'en him in this kingdom *." As Neal, and
other writers of that description, have persecuted
the memory of this archbishop, it may not be
apiiss to give his character as drawn by Arthur
Wilson, Avho Avas an enemy both to monarchy
and episcopacy. He calls him ' ' a holy, grave,
and pious man;" and he further informs us,
" that this good man expired the nine and tAven-
tieth of February, in David's fullness of days,
leaving a name like a SAveet perfume behind
him f. ",-
^He was succeeded by Dr. Richard Bancroft,
bishop, of London, Avhohad greatly distinguished
himself, in the preceding reign, by his writings
against the Puritans. ; This prelate was of an in,r
trepid spirit, and resolved to perfect the Avdrk be
gun by? his predecessor, the reduction of the
Church to a complete uniformity. To this end
he strictly enjoined the observance of the festi
vals, tlie use of the surplice and other canonical
habits* and an exact attention to the rubricks.
Some clergymen who had, formerly subscribed the
articles in a loose reserved sense, were now called
upon to sign their conformity in more plain and
unevasive terms. In consequence of this, about
* , e 4 , , i . , forty-
... .11 J J -.ii ¦ .'. ¦>!'¦¦
* Strype's Life of Whitgift, p. 578.
t Life of King James, p. 8.

lxxii «ENERAL INTRODUCTION,
forty-five, ministers lost their livings, among
whom wa;s Dr, John Burgess, a learned divine,
who was beneficed in the diocese of Lincoln : but
shortly aftenvards, he conformed to the Church,
and became a strenuous writer against the dissent
ters. ^any of the non-conformists Avent over to
tbe Low Countries: these were chiefly Brownists,
who had.a:bittephatred to the established Church,
as, may: be: seen from the following articles, ex-
traetedwfrom their Apology, addressed to the king,
amd; printed in lfi04v-
cc The present Hierarchy retained and used in England^
^archbishops, ptimates, lord bishops, metropolitans, suffi-ar
gans, deans, prebendaries, canons, petti-Canons, archdeacons,
chancellors, eoinmissaries,,- priests, deacons-, qr half-priests $
paBSonSjr vicars, curates, hireling roving- preachers, church-
widens, parish-clerks j also their doctors, and other officers
offthese spiritual courts, (as they call them,) together with
the v<;hole rabble of tfte prelates, anci, their servitours, frpm and
under them, set over these cathedral and parishional assem-
bile's' in this contusion, are strange and antichristian minis
tery aiitfbffices, arid are not that ministery above-named, in
stituted- in Christ's Testaments, or placed in 'his church."
".Therefore, all that' will be Saved are bound.up by God's
commandment with speed to come . forth of this antichris-
tifin estate, leaving, the, suppression, of it to the magistrate,
unto vhorn. it belongeth. And all such as have received or
exercised any of these false offices, or any pretended func?
tions or ministery in or to this false and antichristian consti.
tution, are willingly in God's fear to give OA^er and leave
those unlawful offices, arid no longer to minister, in this man- ner,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION." Ixxiii
per, ta these assemblies, to this estate. Neither may
a^y, of what Sort or condition soever, give any part of their
gpods, lands, money, or money-worth to the maintenance of
t^ false ministery and. worship upon jiny commandment or
colour Whatsoever."
According to these, principles, tire episcopal
clergy Ayere not only to be persecuted- and
starved, but all wlio continued in communion
with the established Church were related- to AntiT
christ, and in a state of damnation. These secT
taries aftenvards obtained the name of Indepen
dents, and, during the great rebellion, effectually
pulled their elder brethren of the presbytery frpru
the seat; of poAver.
On leaA'ing England, they formed- a congrega
tion at Amsterdam, of which Johnson, Ainsworth,
Smith and Robinson, were the leaders ; but being
men of hot tempers, and enthusiastic imaginations,
they- soon fell out among themselves about disci
pline. Johnson excommunicated his own father
and brother, on which account the congregation
divided, half siding Avith Johnson, agd the o^her
part gping off Avith Ainsworth, These leaders
excommunicated each other, and the disputes
became so violent that all Amsterdam was in con
fusion. " There arose also a warm dispute be
tween 'Ainsworth and Broughton, (both confess
edly very learned men, ) whether the colour of
Aaron's linen ephod Avere blue, or a sea-water
green; which knotty and important question, not
6 only

lxxiv &ENERAL INTRODUCTION.
only troubled all the dyers in Amsterdam, but
drew the sectaries into sides and factions, which
made good sport; to all the world except them
selves. By reason of these divisions and sub-
divisionsj they at last fell into so many factions,
that one of them, in the end, became a church of
himself, and having none to join in opinion with
him, he baptised himself, and thereby got the name
of a Se-Baptist, Avhich never any sectary or here
tic had got before *. "
- On the death of archbishop Bancroft, in 1610,
several of the bishops held a consultation about
commending to the king a fit person to succeed
him. ,Their united judgment Avas in favour of
that incomparably learned and pious prelate Dr.
Lancelot Andrews, then bishop of Ely, and after
wards of Winchester. Had he been placed in the
vacant seat, doubtless the Church, Avould have
reached that pitch of glory and stability Avhich
was the unremitted aim of the two preceding pri
mates. But unfortunately the earl of Dunbar had
such influence upon the king, as to succeed in pro
curing that high and important station for Dr.
George Abbot, bishop 'of London, Avho Aras Avell
known to be a Calvinist in sentiment, and re
markably favourable to the Puritans. He had so
great an aversion to Popery, that he studied how
to trace the visible Church of Christ from the
apostolic
* Heylyn's Hist. Presbyterians, p. S75.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxv
apostolic age*/ in such^a Avay as to exclude the
Church of Rome entirely from it. This was not
only an uncharitable course, but it Avas dangerous,
as it gave the Presbyterian party an advantage,
by stamping validity upon their ordinations, and
breaking that apostolical succession which is the
very essence of episcopacy; • From this time it is
certain the rigid doctrines bf Calvin became very
popular in England ; ' and four English divines
Avere sent over by the king to the Synod held at
Dort, to determine the five points which divided
the Calvinists and the Arminians. The advocates
of Predestination carried things with a high hand,
in consequence of the countenance which had
been given to the Dutch' Synod by the king of
England. This interference, on the part of James, was
Wretched policy, or foolish vanity ; for it gave the
Puritans great advantages, and served to sanction,
in some degree, their peculiar mode of preaching,
which usually was upon the divine decrees. To
such a height did they carry this practice, that
the king 'himself became alarmed, and issued se
veral directions to the clergy, restraining them
from touching on the deep points of predestina
tion, election, reprobation, and of the universality,
? efficacy,
* In a book which he published with this title, " Treatise of
Perpetual Visibility, and Succession of the True Church of Christ,
4 to, 1624.

JxXVi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
efficacy, resjstibility, or irresistibility of God's
grace. But these restrictions proved,, of little avail in.
checking the spirit of fanaticism. The lecturers
were generally deeply tinctured Avith Calvinism,
and. that to a pitch of gloominess and austerity
far exceeding the doctrines of its founder. •
On the other, hand, the more learned and dig
nified clergy were of moderate sentiments, and,
instead of amusing their- hearers Avith mystical
dogmas,, inculcated upon them the necessity of a
rational faith and a good life^ These divines were--
treated by the predestinarians as heretics, Avhohad
apostatized from the pure doctrines ©f the refor-=
mation,_< and who Avanted to introduce Popery
through the back-door of Arminianism.
In this posture stood the Church- at-, the- death:
of King James in 1625.

SECTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION* Ixxvii

SECTION VI.
We are now -entering upon a dark andtempes*
tuous period, Avhen the- violence of political and
religious incendiaries combined to -whelm for a
time the Ghnreh and State beneath the trium
phant surges ©f. sacrilege atid rebellion. It must
have been discerned from the preceding pagtes,
that, notwithstanding the vigilance occasionally
exerted agamstthe Puritans, their fiery spirit and
deadly animosity to the Church could not be
quelled j but that, on the contrary, it broke forth;;
whenever opportunity offered, with additional
malignity and more- threatening symptoms. The
late-king, by the imprudent part which he took in
the Arminian controversy, re\nved the confidence
of the faction, and enabled them to increase their
numbers, by persuading the people that they only
were the true preachers of God's word, and that
those who did not come up to their standard Avere
at least not unfavourable to popish tenets.
Charles I. though not so learned as his father,
had less vanity and more judgment. His attach
ment to the Church Avas founded on aprinciple of
solid piety, without any ostentatious parade. The
increase of Puritanism gave him great uneasiness j
for he saw plainly that its direct tendency was to
introduce a spirit of insubordination, which must, if

Ixxviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
if it proved successful, sap the very foundations :
of monarchy itself. > His first step, on coming to
the throne, shews that he Avas actuated by this ap
prehension ; and from the state in which the king
dom stood, it will be seen that his apprehension
Avas just. He began by retrenching the number
of. his own chaplains, discarding those Avho Avere
known to lean tOAvards Puritanism, and distin
guishing, Avith marks of his favour, those avIio ad
hered stedfast to the established doctrines and
discipline. The first parliament, in this eventful : reign,
began by prosecuting Dr. Richard Montague, a
learned divine, Avho, in a treatise written at the
command of the late king, had confuted tlie
Calvinistical doctrines, and proved that they Avere
nqt those of the Church of England. For this ;
the House of Commons ordered Montague into
custody, and afterwards obliged him to give se
curity in 250001. for his appearance.
In the succeeding parliament the prosecution
was again taken up, and the Lower House passed-
seteemi articles of impeaohment against Montague, 4-'
but they .were never carried *tp2to the House of
Lords. The whole proceedings sheAv to what ax
height the spirit of Puritanism was risen at this^
period, v when the legislative assembly could -so
far depart from its" proper province as to persecute ''
a learned man, because he ^denied^absolute pre--
destination. * But though the impeachment slept,
8 the

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxix
i
the Calvinistic party were not idle, and the press
teemed with numerous answers to Montague on
the disputed points, the principal of which was,
" Av.hether the Elect could fall from grace."
In consequence of the parliamentary resoluw
tions, and the agitation which the controversy
occasioned out of doors, the king issued a procla
mation, in Avhich he declared " his utter dislike
of all those who, to shew their parts, to please their
humour, or tu play their revenge, should be so
hardy as to propagate any new opinions differing
from the orthodox belief of the Church of Eng
land ; and that he was fullyresolved not to admit
any innovation in the doctrine or discipline of the
Church. "jj j He afterwards "commands all his
subjects, (and more especially the clergy, ) both in
England t and Ireland, that from henceforth they
manage themselves with such discretion and Con
science, that neither by writing, preaching, paintr
ing, conferences orr otherwise, they >< raise any
doubts jQr. publish any singularities concerninig
religion, : buti?hat upon arguments of this nature*
they keep themselves close ^tor the doctrine and
discipline happily established by authority." This
proclamation Avas so Avorded as to strike Arith equal
force against both parties ; and the evident object
of it wag to put an end to the useless and un
happy disputes which were then raging, to the
destruction of Christian charity.
But the disaffected party raised great clamours against

Ixxx GE&EHAL INT RODUCTtO'fr.
dgainst the bishops for shutting their rnovrfhs, arid
endeavoured too successfully to persuade the
people, that this Mas only intended to support
Arminianism, and thereby to introduce popery.
Indeed, as Hume justly observes, " the ex
treme rage against popery was a sure characterise
tic of Puritanism *. '' As the king had married -a
Roman Catholic, and as in consequence of it
some favour Avas shewn to those of that religion,
though not amounting to a toleration, the Puri
tans did all they could to inflame the minds of
the people Avith fears of popeiy. The religious
ceremonies, especially those used in the cathedrals-,
the habits of the dignified clergy, and the mild
doctrities preached by the most learned of them,
in opposition to the gloomy system of the Calvi
nists, Avere all represented, in glaring colours, as so
many characteristics of the whore of Babylon.,
In vain did the king attend constantly upon the
service of the established Church ; in vain did he
promote to the highest dignities those divines Avho
had most strenuously combated the errors of the
Romish Church ; in vain did he put the laAvs in
force against recusants ; in vain did he send the
queen's chaplains and domestics out of the king
dom — neither the factious preachers, nor the misj
guided people, nor the demagogues in parliament,
would believe his sincerity. The general cry of
the
* Vol. vi. p. si I,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxXl
the increase of Popery prevailed; apd. in propor
tion as the, foul contagion, thus excited by the
daemon of hypocrisy, spread its influence, so did
thenatiom drink down the intoxicating spirit pf
fanaticism. Every ne\y parliament, (for the king
was driven hy necessity to call them in quick suc
cession,) stiH obstinately continued^ the old com-'
plaint of religious grievances, among Avhich the
groAytbof Arminianisrn was always stated foi^most;
and though the people knew not ivhat Arrninian-
ism really was, yet as they Avere made to believe
it to be one of the heads of the Beast, they needed
nothing more to make them hate every man who
was branded with the odium of it, When Aye
consider the characters which many of the mem
bers of those parliaments bore for learning and
jndgment, Ave can hardly suppose they could
themselves* he weak enough to believe that
there was ,any raal design to injure the con
stitution, either ecclesiastical or civil,. on the part
of thegoverament. If the king was forced, by
their continued obstinacy, to employ obsolete and
questionable expedients ta raise supplies for. tlie
public service, and if, at a time when the precise
limits, of the regal prerogative were not accurately
marked out, or even understood, he did exert an
undue power over those whom he regarded as in
cendiaries; it will be found that the House of
Commons were also making encroachments upon
vol. J. f the

lxxxii general introduction.
the king's privileges, of which, he had a right to
be jealous.
. In granting that some measures adopted by the
court were stricter than the constitution Av;ar-
ranted, and that encouragement was- given to
those divines Avho were stigmatized with the name
of Arminians, and in allowing that zealous at
tempts Avere : made to check the growth of Puri
tanism, and to allay the disputes Avhich prevailed
on the Jfoe points,- we do no more than what justice
requires of us. For the firstthis excuse only can
be urged, that the king did not come up to any
of his predecessors, for he never acted without
legal advice ; . and with respect to the other points,
so far from thinking any apology necessary, it
must be obvious, to every one Ayho knows £nd
admires the constitution ofthe Church, that the
measures Avere praiseworthy and expedient. Had
the Church. ..been enAdoped in the [sable pall of
Geneva by regal, and parliamentary power, she
might havela/n entombed,- to the present day.
In the, year, 1628, a.remarkable declaration-, vya£
prefixed to tf)e Thirty-nine Articles of religion, then
reprinted,, in which the king says, "that the Arti
cles of the Church of England (which had been
allowed and authorized heretofore, and which
our clergy generally have subscribed unto;) do
contain the true doctrine of the Church of Eng
land, agreeable to God's Avord : which Ave dp
-therefore
•6

GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS Ixxxiil
therefore ratify and1 Confirm, requiring all^our
loving subjects to continue in the uniform profes
sion thereof, and prohibiting the least difference
from the said Articles ; Avhich to that end we com
mand to be reprinted, and this our declaration to
be reprinted therewith." Afterwards are given
the folloAving excellent regulations : i:" that no
man hereafter shall either print or preach to dra\v
the article aside any Avay,vbut shall submit to7 it
in the plain and full meaning thereof; and shall
not put his OA\rn sense or comment to the meaning
of the article, but shall take it in the literal and
grammatical sense."
v» This declaration gave great offence to the Cal
vinists, who gave Out that the design of it Avas
ehfeflyfor the Suppressing orthodox books,3 for the
discouraging godly ministers from preaching the
Comfortable doctrine of Predestination, aitd for
promoting the'groAvth of Arminianism*. To
strengthen these jealousies,- and to beget in the
minds ofthe people a bitter hatred of the doctrines
called Arminian, a letter was printed and indus
triously circulated, pretended' to have been writ
ten from a Jesuit in England to the Rector of the
college at Brussels, in Avhich it was observed,
*' We have now many strings to our bow, aud have
strongly fortified our faction, and have, added two
* Cellier,' II. p.74i.

IsxxiV GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
two bulwarks more ; for Avhen king James Iive<$,
he was very violent against Arminianism, and in
terrupted our strong designs in Holland.  Noav
Ave have planted that sovereign drug Arminianism,-
which we hope Avill purge the Protestants from
their heresy, and it flourishes and bears fruit in
due season. There is another matter of conse
quence Avhich we must take much into our con
sideration and tender care, which is to stave off
Puritans, that they hang not in the duke's ears.:
They are an impudent subtile people, and it is to
be feared lest they should negociate a reconcilia
tion between the duke and the parliament at Ox
ford and Westminster; but now Ave assure our
selves, that we have so handled the matter, that
both the duke and parliament are irreconcile-
able." Mr. Neal, after giving this letter, makes*
this triumphant remark ; ''it appears that Puri
tanism was the only-bulwark ofthe constitution,
and ofthe Protestant religion against the inroads
of Popery and arbitrary poAver*." And several
Avriters who have since appeared in defence of the
^•pretended Calvinism of our Church, have referred
us triumphantly to this same document, in proof
that Arminianism and Popery are in alliance.
Perhaps, however, tins confidence Avould have
been somewhat abated, if these zealous men had
looked
* Collier, Vol. II. p. 1S4«

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxXXV
looked a little carefully into the credit of the evi
dence they have produced. To say nothing of
the integrity of a Jesuit, we do not hesitate to
assert, that a more contemptible piece of forgery
wa.s never fabricated than this letter. There is no
name subscribed to it, neither has it ever^been
shewn how tit Avas detected, or by Avhom. The
manner in Avhich so curious a paper came to be
discovered ought to have been exactly. stated, for
the purpose of establishing its genuineness, if not
to- trace out the author.: but here all is palpably
obscure. But let us look into the document it
self; and here falsehoods stare us in abundance.
This Jesuit, not very politely, it must be confessed,
especially as he was writing to his superior, calls
his OAvn party a faBion, which is an odious term,
to make the best of it. In the next place, this
Jesuit expresses his apprehensions of the Puritans ;
whom he represents, in the year l628j as the
friends of the duke of Buckingham, at which
time it is well knoAvn they were at an irrecon-
eileable distance. The unknown Jesuit, however,
is fearful that the Puritans will gain the duke's
ears, that is, his confidence ; and this proves that
if the letter Avas genuine, the writer, contrary to
the character of his order, very little deserved to
be employed as a missionary. The letter, how
ever, answered the purpose of the inventors, for
though men of sense looked upon it as a forgery,
fs it

Ixxxvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
it gained belief among- the multitude, and in
creased the disaffected party.
When the parliament met, religion Avas again
the uppermost topic of their debates ; and one of
the first things done in the Lower House, was to
make a" declaration concerning the Thirty-nine
Articlesfiri opposition to that Of the king just
mentioned. This extraordinary declaration Avas
as follows :
" We the Commons in Parliament assembled, do claim,
protest, and avow for truth, the sense of tlie Articles of Re
ligion, which Were established by parliament in the thirteenth
year of our late1 Queen -Elizabeth, "which,'by the public act of
the Church of England, and by the general and. current
expositions of the writers of our Church, have been delivered
unto us. And we reject the., sense pi t^e Jesuits and Armi-t
, kUANS, and all others wherein, they differ from us."
.The; observations, of Collier upon this singular
yow are very judicious j^" "X was thought (says
he) the resolution, of these matters, in Avhich the
most learned clergy Avere so much divided, had
been more proper for a provincial council ; that
the setting a rule for belief, was foreign to the
business of the Commons ; that their profession
had not qualified theni for inquiries of this kind ;
g,nd that they had neither character or authority
for settling- the controversy. To instance one
clause of their declaration, ' they avoAV for truth
the sense of the articles Avhich Avere established by
parliament in the thirteenth" year of Queen Eliza
beth. |

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxxvii
beth.'— But, hy tlje way, neither the sense ofthe
articles, nor the articles themselves, were esta
blished in that parliament, or in any other. We
hear of no committee of religion appointed to ex
amine the orthodoxy of these Credenda, pr any
resolution of the House upon their report. The
design of that, statute was only to provide agahist
non-conformity ; for which purpose the clergy
are obliged to subscribe the articles, and read them
in their parish churches *."
But this House of Commons was so inflamed
with ,zeal in the cause of religious reformation, , as
rjutterly to neglect all other concerns. They had
conjured up a horrible phantom called Arminian
ism, to frighten- the nation ;•* and at length they
seem to have conceived some real alarm1 at -the
bugbear of their OAvn imagination. The gloom
was' now gathering very fast, and certain fire
brands - aresfe,' who only served to agitate the
minds of the people^ embarrass the government,
and to diflFb.se the Avretched spirit of ' enthusiasm
among all classes. The press laboured wilh gross
libels agamst the Church ; nor were even the first
personages1 in the land spared in these infamous
pamphlets. One Leighton, a Scotch divine, dis
tinguished himself conspicuously a,bout this time
as a: seditious ^writer, in a book entitled Zion's
-' ¦ / 4 Plea,
* Collier, Vol. II. , p. 747.

lXXXviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
Plea, dedicated to the parliament. In this per
formance he solicits his patrons to " kill all the
bishops, and smite them under the fifth rib," He
calls the queen " an Idolatress, a Canaanite, and
a Daughter of Heth." For this he Avas taken up,
brought into the Star Chamber, arfld sentenced to
have his ears cropped* his nose slit, his forehead
branded, to be. .publicly whipped, and afterwards
to be imprisoned during the king's pleasure.
Haweis, in his Church History, has copied an
infamous falsehood from Neal and Pierce, relative
to this mans sentence, which must not pass un
noticed. He says that Leighton was condemned
in the Star Chamber at the instigation of archbi
shop Laud, Avho, when judgment was pronounced,
"pulled off his cap and gave thanks to God."
Leighton, on the contrary, Avas prosecuted by
the CroAvn for his daring abuse of the queen ; and
with respect to archbishop Laud's interference or
gratulation, nothing more need be said to disprove
it than this, that when that great prelate Avas
brought to trial, and when the utmost researches
ivere made to get accusations against him, this
case of Leighton Avas never once mentioned,
though the 'man was then living. The most trifl
ing and ridiculous circumstances Avere trumped
up into charges on that occasion by the archbi
shop's enemies, Avho were determined to leave no
thing undone to ruin him : Avhy then was not
Leighton

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. lxxxix
Leighton brought forward, if any part of this tale
had been, true ?
We should not have noticed this calumny, were
it riot to expose the inconsistent conduct of a
clergyman of the established Church, who, while
he is enjoying part of her revenues, Avrites libels
against her constitution, promotes the cause of
schism, vindicates the behaviour of her inveterate
enemies, and calumniates the memory of those
who have died in her defence.
The venerable prelate whose cause we have
been -asserting, was at this time at the head, of
ecclesiastical affairs, though not yet advanced to
the primacy. The remissness of archbishop Abbot
gave considerable offence to the king, who was
commendably anxious for the unity of the
Church, then sadly broken by disputes and want
of conformity. He therefore placed his confi
dence in Laud bishop of London, who not only
laboured to accomplish the king's pious views
with regard to the Church of England, but ex
tended his watchful care to that of Ireland, which
was then in a deplorable situation. At his request
the king returned to the parochial clergy of that
kingdom, the impropriations remaining in the
crown, by which generous act provision was
made for a learned ministry. He was also a
great benefactor to the College at Dublin, know
ing of how much importance the encouragement of
7

Xt GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
of learning Avas to the Protestant interest, when
the Romish missionaries were not only active and
subtle, but well qualified for their Avork by a suit
able education. He procured the Bible to be
translated into the Irish tongue, and the Thirty-
nine Articles of the Church of England to be re
ceived by the Irish convocation. These surely
are strong proofs, not only of the greatness of .his
mind; - but of his unshaken attachment to the
Church, of which he was so bright an ornament.
Had he been inclined to restore the old religion,
he would have adopted another course, and in
stead of raising the condition of the Protestant
clergy, placing over them by his interest such
prelates as Bedell and Bramhall, and, moreover,
providing so strong a bulwark against Popery as
the establishment of a learned university, he
wbuld have left things as he found them, that the
darkness of ignorance might lead the people back
to the antient superstition.
But Ave must now return to England, Avherc
the activity of Laud, in the service of the Church,
continued to be indefatigable.
Notwithstanding the king's declaration, the
predestinarian controversy Avas still agitated with
wamith, as if it was the very foundation of
Christianity itself. Even Davenant, bishop, of
Salisbury, a pious and moderate prelate, intro
duced the subject in a sermon preached before his
majesty,.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XCt
majesty, for Avhich he was summoned to the
Council board, Avhef e he made his submission.
For -this also the king and archbishop have been
blafned,1 but Unjustly. If men in high stations
had been suffered/ without censure, to agitate
controversies Avhich were : producing unhappy
confusions in the Church, those of inferior rank
would not only have had a plea of excuse, but
would have been stimulated to proceed Avith fresh
eagerness and' to greater lengths.
Inthe latter end of 1632, by the sagacity -of
Xaud, a curious scheme of the Puritans Avas effec
tually broken up, though not till afterit had done
some mischief. About six years before, a project
was formed by the party to set up Lectures, with
the encouragement of a maintenance, in market
towns. To this purpose certain feoffees were en
trusted to purchase such impropriations as be
longed to the laity, and then to set up a constant
preaching ministry. The design wearing the
face of piety, answered expectation, and thus a
large sum was raised in a short time to carry it
into execution. But notwithstanding the specious
appearance of the scheme, there lay a snake in the
grass; for, after all, this extraordinary zeal was only
to strengthen the interest of the dissenters; to
bring inthe Geneva discipline, and raise a battery
against the Church. The feoffees Avere non-con-
forraists, and some of them had been silenced by
their

&cii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
their bishops. Their design was not to relieve
the parochial clergy, but to support a number of
lecturers, of their own principles, and who de
pended entirely upon the good will of their pa
trons. It is farther evident, that the scheme had
a schismatical object ; for the feoffees allowed
private ^pensions to those ministers Avho had been
suspended for non-conformity in tbe ecclesi
astical courts. The business was brought into
the court of the exchequer, where the whole
scheme, being clearly discovered^ the feoffment
Avas cancelled, and the purchased impropriations
confiscated to the king *.,

* Collier, p. 74,4.

SECTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION, XC1U

SECTION VII.
The death of archbishop Abbot in 1633, placed
Laud in the metropolitan chair, though it gave
him little accession of power, as he had for some-
years past held the chief direction of church
affairs. .
About this time Avas rev wed the famous Book
of Sports, the occasion of which was this : In
the year 16 18, as king James was returning from
Scotland through Lancashire, he Avas addressed
by the people of that county, Avho complained of
the conduct of the Puritans in pressing the Sab
batarian severities, by which means the Papists,
who Avere not so rigid, gained over many con
verts. His majesty, in consequence of this ap
plication, issued a declaration, in Avhich the inha
bitants of Lancashire Avere alloned to exercise
themselves in lawful recreations on Sundays after
evening service ; but this indulgence did not ex
tend to any who absented themselves from their-
parish church. It is plain that this declaration
was never intended to encourage licentiousness or
irreligion, but to discourage the gloomy austerity
of the Sabbatarian scheme, Avhich is so contrary
to our Saviour's assertion, that " the Sabbath Avas
made for man, and not man for the Sabbath.'*
However, the Sabbatarian, rigours still continued, and

ielV GENERAL INTRODUCTldN.-
and were spread with so much industry all ovei'
the kingdom by the Puritans, that it was deemed!
necessary to revive the late king's declaration of
Sports, and, instead of confining the indulgence
to one county, to make it general; This seenis
to have been the more expedient, as in many-
places the puritanical party had put down the
^feasts annually held On the dedication of parish
churches. It is rather surprising that those men
who held the name and authority of Calvin in
such high veneration, should condemn an indul
gence which that reformer bad sanctioned * ; for
' he not only alloAved it in his Avritings, but under
his veiy eye at Geneva, bowling; archery, and
other diversions Avere practised by the people.' •
Several ministers Avere suspended by the high
commission, for not reading this declaration in
their parish churches ; but then it deserves ob
servation, that other acts of nonconformity were
proved against them. The great evil which ulti
mately proved the ruin of the ecclesiastical esta
blishment, Avas the number of disaffected persons
Avho, for so long a time, had been suffered to offi
ciate in her communion. These Avere properly
called Church Puritans, men Avho were under-^

mining

* Calvin, in his Institutions, Lib. ii. CSiap. 8. § 28. expressly
allows Recreations to servants on Sundays, in these wqrds : " Tertio,
Servis, & iis qui sub aliorum digerent imperio, quietis Diem in-,
dulgendum ceftsuJ, quo aliquem haterent a. Lahore' remissioncm."'

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XC*
mining her foundations, and alienating the minds
of the people against her offices, while they them
selves were administering in her service, and' eat-'
ing of her bread. The archbishop saw that np
good could be expected till a full uniformity Avas
established, and therefore he pressed upon the bi
shops not only a Avatchf ul observance of their re
spective dioceses, but a strict caution with regard
to the characters and qualifications of those Avhom
they admitted to holy orders. Had some such
prudent regulations been adopted at an earlier
period, and acted upon Avith exactness, the Puritan,
party would never have risen to the formidable
consequence Avhich they at last attained. But
unfortunately numbers of disaffected and enthusi
astic men contrived to get into the church as lec
turers, and Avere followed by the people on account
of their vehement eloquence and bold presumption.
These lecturers were multiplied to an uncom
mon degree, and their general practice Avas either
to read only a part of the Liturgy, and that -^ithi
out the surplice, or to procure some other person
to read it for them; after which they flourished
aAvayina long extempore prayer in the pulpit
before the sermon, which also was most com
monly an inflammatory extempore harangue *.
P Our readers will see that the antient and modern Puritans
have a very little shade of difference between them. The , late
bishop Newton iSsed wittily to savi that l f extempore praying w?as
preaching to G64 AliSgntyl "

XCVi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
By the archbishop's care many of the lecturers
were recovered to conformity, and many AVfere
silenced for their refractory behaviour. He also
patched Avith a jealous eye over the universities,
as the nurseries from whence the Church was to
be supplied with a succession of orthodox mini
sters. There were several leading men in both
these seminaries fondly attached to the systejn.:of
Calvin, and not unfavourable to the pretences of
those who clamoured loitdly for farther reforma
tion. As chancellor of Oxford, he was par
ticularly strict in his observations, and caused a
new body of statutes to be drawn up for the go
vernment of that university, the good effects of
which were soon aftenvards discerned.
But all these measures, good and necessary
as they were, only served to provoke the fac
tious party, who lurked, in secret, anxiously
watching for an opportunity to throAV all things
into confusion. Every alteration Avas stigma
tized as a badge of Popery; but that AvlnGh
gave the greatest offence, or which at least af
forded the most feasible plea for yehfiment,ex,cla-
mation,. Avas tlie removal of the, communion-table
from the middle of the church Jo the east end,
Avhere it was railed in. The Puritans eagerly
caught hold of this change, and represented it as
a sure prelude to Popery and the ]\Iass ; . bemuse
the altars, in all Romish churches, .stand enclosed
and elevated at the east end of the choir. Cer
tainly

GENERAL IKTRODUCTI0N. *CVU
tainly the logic of the argument was equal to it%
divinity ; but the absurdity of the men only serves
to prove more clearly their excessive superstition,
contemptible ignorance, and want of Christian.
benevolence. In all our churches the communion
table stands at tbe east end, and our people, with
becoming reverence, bow towards it when the.
name ofthe blessed Jesus is pronounced in either
of the creeds ; but, does it ever enter into the
head of any Protestant, or even of a Roman Ca
tholic, that our Church symbolizes herein with
that of Rome ? Certainly not ; but so great ^as
the malignity of the Puititans, that they declared
absolutely this alteration, which even common
decency required, was a downright Popish inno^
Vation, and that nothing now was to be expected
Imt Antichrist and all his train. Even bishop
Williams was led away by tlie stream of preju-*
dice* or rather out of pique to the archbishop, he
coetrived to heighten the popular discontent, by
& tract entitled " The Holy Table, Name and
Thing;" which was answered by the learned Hey
lyn in another, under the title of Antidotum Lin-
c&lniense. The same year (1637) was rendered
Remarkable by the prosecution of Bastwick, Bur
ton, a»d Prynne; these firebrands Contributed
much towards the confusions which followed, and
therefore some account of them may not be im
proper in this place.
Bastwick (as Lord Clarendon describe* him)
t**t 1. g wa|>.

KCViii GENERAL- INTRODUCTION.
-was-a -half-witted, crack-brained fellow; uhkhowfo-
to either university or the college of physicians.
He had spent his time abroad, -between the schools
and the camp, -and had gotten a doctorship and
Latin. And being thus furnished with language
and malice, he published some atrocious libels
against the bishops, for one of Avhich; entitled
Apologet'icos ad Pnesules Anglicanos Crinunum
Ecclesiusticorum in Curia Celsce Commissionis
he was brought into' the Star Chamber,- This
Avork is • altogether so filthy and abusive, that we
are ashamed to make any extracts from it>.but
the -spirit of 1 tbe man will appear- from the follow
ing passages taken out of some of his other writ
ings::, " If you seerFather William of Canterbury,
his Holiness, and William (Juxon) of London,
magnifieus rector of the treasury, my- wife, de
sires they Avould be godfathers- to her child ; and
if you can attain this favour, at their ,-hands, on
her behalf, I am almost- confident I can prevail
Avith their old mistress, the Whore of Babylon, to
-be godmother, Avith whom they have so long com
mitted Spiritual Fornication ; and* then Ave shall
havesuch a christening as.hasnot been in Europe
this many a blessed _day." — Again : " If Ave look
upon the lives, actions, and manners of thepriests
and prelates of this age, and see their pride, lust,
impudence, profaneness, unmercifulness, ungod*
liness, &c. one would think that Hell was broke
loose," &.c — " The priests axe Secundum Ordinem Diaiolit,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XCIX
Diaboli, a generation of vipers, proud, ' ungrate
ful, illiterate asses ; the Church is as full of cere
monies as a dog is full of fleas ; the Divine service
is a devised service, a plaguy porridge *."
In another place he says, "The priests and
prelates of that fraternity are the very pole cats,
stotes, weazels, and minevers of the Church1 and
State |."
In his very defence before the court he behaved
most insolent, charging the bishops with popery
and profaneness, and saying that they served
under the Devil, were enemies to God and the
King, and that every honest man was their
aversion. Burton was a clergyman, and had been closet-
keeper to his majesty Avhen Prince of Wales, but
being disappointed of the place of clerk of the
closet, he commenced Puritan, and became a noted
preacher at St. Matthew's, Friday-street. The
libels for which he Avas now prosecuted, were two
sermons preached on the fifth of November
1636, entitled " For God and the King;" out
of which we select the following passages: "For
these mother churches, (Cathedrals,) to which all
daughter churches must conform, are they not
the natural daughters of Rome? Do they not,
g 2 from
* Letter to Aquila Wycks apud Nalson's Collections, vol. L.
p. 102.
t Third part of his Litany, p.' 1.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
from top to toe, exactly resemble her ? Her pom
pous service, her altars," palls, copes, crucifixes,
images, superstitious gestures and postures, all
instruments of music, (as at the dedication of the'
king of Babylon's image,) long Babylonish service,
so belloAved and Avarbled but as the hearers are
but little the Aviser., Are nOt these high places
also the receptacles and nurseries of a number of
idle bellies to say no wbrse? do not the fat pre
bends so cram their residentiaries, that the Avhile
their starving flocks, in the country do famish for
want of spiritual food." He calls the bishops
Usurping Antichristian Mushrooms;" and in ano
ther place expresses himself thus : "I confess,
were it a law in England, as it Avas once among
the Locrians, that whosoever Avould propound a,
new law should come with a halter about his neck,
that, if itpleasednotthenew senate, the hangman
Was. ready to do his office ; and if the opportu
nity served, I should come with an halter about
my neck with this proposition : that it would
please the great senate of this land to take intd
their sad. consideration, Avhethef, upon such avo-
ful experience, it were not both more honourably
for the king, and more safe for his kingdom, and
more conducing to God's glory, and more con*
sistent Avith Christian liberty, and more to the
advancement of Christ's kingdom, which, by
usurping prelates, is trodden' doAvn, that the
dordlj) 'prelacy were turned into such a godly go
vernment

General introduction. ci
fernment as might suit better With God's word
and Christ's sweet yoke." In the same -sermon"
he made a tragical complaint, that, ih the coun
ties of Norfolk and Suffolk, bishop Wren had sus
pended no less than sixty godly ministers, and
that before Christmas about three or four score
more must either take leave of a good conscience,
©r else be thrown out of their function and subsis
tence. The bishop, to Avipe off this foul calumny,.
Ordered his registers to be examined ; and on in
specting the records of his court, it was found
that, there were not above thirty clergymen, lec
turers included, that lay under any sort of eccle
siastical censure; that, of ; these, sixteen were
suspended, eight of whom had their restraints dis
charged, and were referred to further trial. The
infamy of Burton's other allegations might also
be sheAvn equally plain ; but this will suffice. He
afterwards became a violent independent, and a
fierce controversy Avas carried on between him
and his old friends, Bastwick and Prynne, in
which he abused them, and they him, Avith as
much obloquy as they had before cast on, the
bishops. Prynne was a barrister of Lincoln's
Inn, of a sour, crabbed temper, a zealous pres
byterian, and full of enmity against the hierarchy.
He had already lost his ears in the pillory for a
libel upon the Queen; which, instead of correct
ing his spirit, only inflamed it the more, and, while
he was in prison, such was his itch for scribbling,
g 3 he

cii General introduction.
he had the temerity to print some virulent pam
phlets against the Church. The sentence passed
upon them, it must be allowed, was too- severe,
beins; condemned, Burton and Bastwick, to lose
their ears, and Prynne the remainder of his, to
stand in the pillory, to be branded, fined 50001.
each, and then to be imprisoned for life.
The rigour of this punishment will not be de-
nied ; but Avhen the enemies of the Church are ma
licious enough to charge the severity upon the bi-'
shops, it is expedient to make a remark pr two upon
it. In the first placfe, the bishops had no concern at alt
in the trial or sentence; but archbishop Laud did,-
indeed, feel it to be his duty to appear and vindi-'
eate himself from some charges which Burton
had cast upon him. With respect to the punish
ment inflicted by this court, let us hear Avhat an
historian says, who was no great friend to bishops
or clergymen of any description :
" The severity of the Star Chamber (says he)
Avill naturally to us appear enormous,- who enjoy,
in the utmost latitude, that liberty of the press
Avhich is esteemed so necessary in every monarchy,
confined by strict legal limitations. But as these
limitations were not regularly fixed during the
age of Charles, nor at any time before ; so Avas
this liberty totally unknown, and Avas generally.
deemed, as Avell as religious toleration, incompa
tible with all good government. No age or na
tion, among the moderns, had ever set an exam ple

general introduction ciii,,
pie, of such an indulgence: audit seems, unrea
sonable to judge of the measures enibraced, during
one period by the maxims which prevail, in
another*.'' ,• About this time a storm ,]fivas gathering, in the,
Korth, occasioned by the introduction of a Li-?"
turgy into the Church of ^eor^and The Presby
terian faction behaved with, the greatest, violence
and so inflamed the populace against the, bishops, ,
that riots Avere committed, in the churches; a co-~
yenant Avas engaged in by the mutineers; and the.
episcopal party, who refused (to subscribe it, Avere
so rudely treated at^d threatened that most of-
them fled for their lives. . , , .
These proceedings in Scotland greatly ani-;..
mated thehopes of the Puritans in the. South,, who-
were, indeed, principal fomenters of the distur- .
bances. The covenanters had an agent in J^on-"
don to concert with the English non-conformists;
and thijs. preparations. Avere secretly laid , for the
rebellion which soon afterwards followed.. The
principles of these incendiaries naturally, ledto,
open hostilities to the government ;, for they held
it^to be lawful fpr subjects to, form an lassoci^tiqn
without ,the Hing, and,, to enter Jnfo a covenant
fgr^mutual defence, against, all persons, Avhatsoeverv
Wheu-jsuph^a; treasonable axiom (as. this Avas once
g 4 f .admitted,
Hume's History of England, vol, vi. jp. S07v

Civ G£STEftAL INTRODUCTION-
admitted, the security of the throne instantly^ be
came endangered, The people were told that they"
were bound to enter into a covenant again9t an
Antichristian Hierarchy; and that, as it was the
cause of God in Ayhichthey were engaged, they
were absolved from their allegiance to the king.
%h& covenanting ministers expressed, themselves
ptgin enough in . the pulpits, and} by their ha
rangues, satisfied the people that jrebellion was &
religious dut}'. Gne of them prayed, before his
sermon, " that God would-*, scatter them all in
Israel, and divide them in Jacob, Avho had ad
vised them to get the Confession pf Faith first to
he subscribed by the king's authority." Another
declared, " that as the wrath of God was never
diverted from his people, until the seven sons of
Saul were hanged up before the Lord in Gibeon;
so the wrath of God would never depart from
that kingdom, till the twice seven prelates (th«f
number of the Scotch, sees) were hanged up be
fore the Lord there," Anpfcher said, " Let us
never give over till we have the king in our
power, and then fiqe shall see Iioav good subjects
Weare." One, preacher boldly asserted, " feM
the bloot iest and sharpest Avar was rather to be
endured, than the Jeast error in doctrine and dis-
cipiin0." Lastly, one qf these bigots in his ser
mon piously wished, that " he and all the bishops
in that kingdom were in a bottomless boat at sea
together,

GENERAL INTRODUeTiotf. tfr
together, for -he could be well content to lose hit-
lift!, so they might lose theirs*."
- Theafc covenanters had recourse to another e^-1
jpidient to inflame the public mind. Enthusiasm
easily SAvallows the grossest absurdities. A pro
phetess Was therefore raised up, who was much
followed arid admired by all tanks- Of people : her
name was Michelson, a woman full of Avhimsies,
and furiously zealous for the Presbyterian disCi-»
jdine; She Only spoke at certain times, atld had
often interruptions of days and weeks! but Whfeti
She began to rCtieW her ecStacies, AVarnihg of the
happy event wis Conveyed over the Whole coun
try ; thousands croAvded about her house, Und
every Avoid she uttered was received with venera
tion as a sacred draelei The cPfenant was her
perpetual theme. The true genuine covenant,
she said,r was ratified in heaven ; the kingvs Cove
nant was an invention of Satan : when she spoke
of Christ, She usually gave him tlie name of the Co
venanting Jesus Rdllock, a popular preacher, aiid
2reafo&3 Covenanter,1 was lit^r great favourite ; and
paid her, on his part, 'ho less veneration. Beitig
desired by the Spe&atOfs to pray with her arid to
speak fo her, hfe anfetvered, "That he durst not,
aifd that ft Avoiild be ill-mrahiieite Jn hiih to' spealc,
wMfeMs masfet Christ wks speaking in hert-'4 Thfc
* King Charles's large Declaration, p. 403-4.
-f King's Declaration, p, 237. Hume, vol. vi. p. 387.

dvi General introduction.
Tbe king had recourse to arms to reduce the
covenanters, who Avere ' Avell -prepared to receive
him, the pulpits having extremely assisted the
officers in levying the recruits, by thunderingout
anathemas against all i&ho, went not out to assist
the Lord against the mighty *.
A sudden peace, however, was patched up, and
the king, unfortunately, yielded not only to abro
gate the canons and liturgy, but to abolish even
the episcopal order itself ; a fatal measure, Avhich
soon extended its baneful influence to England.
On the conclusion of this pacification, the king,
immediately dismissed his army ; but the cove
nanters, Avho had yet fuither objects in view, and
who saw clearly that their good brethren in the
South Avould shortly xvant their assistance, gave
orders to their officers and soldiers to be ready on
the first summons.
The kings affairs Avere noAv greatly embarrassed;
his coffers Avere drained by the late expedition,
and he had no means of liaising the supplies ne
cessary for his government. ¦> In this exigency, he
was advised by the earl, of Strafford, archbishop
Laud, and the marquis of Hamilton, to call a par
liament. This assembly accordingly met at West
minster, April 13, 1640; but the commons, in-,*
stead of granting; anyj supplies, ^began to form
committees about religious and other grievances. The
* Burnet's Memoirs of Hamilton.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION; CVll
The debates grew Avarm, and the king injudi
ciously dissolved the parliament after it had sat
about three A\eeks. But the conA^ocation con
tinued its sittings, and passed a body of canons,
Avhich, unexceptionable as they were, gave much
offence to the people. Mobs gathered about the
archbishop's palace at Lambeth, and, on being
driven from thence, they resolved to assault the
convocation ; but their malicious designs Avere.
frustrated by a guard of the trained bands. ?l.
Tbis summer the Scotch covenanters levied:
another army against the king, with which they
entered England, and seized Durham and New
castle. His majesty, having received some supply.
from the clergy and nobility, marched against
the invaders; but stopped at York, and, instead of
forcing the Scots to a battle, agreeable to the ad.-.
vice of lord Strafford, he entered into a treaty
with them. While he was in the North, the dis
affected party in London excited several riots,
and about two thousand Brownists forced their
Avay into the high commission court at SLu Paul's,
and pulled down all the benches, vociferating,
"No bishops ! no high commission." I
The king, being reduced to a very impoverished.
and critical situation, now yielded? to the earnest
solicitations of the peers to call a parliament, as
the only means of allaying the discontents which
prevailed over the kingdom. SECTIOSf

feviii *ENBRAL INTRODUCTION.

SECTION IX.
On the third of November 1640, the fatal
long parliament, which accomplished the ruin of
Church and .State, commenced its sittings: at
Westminster. The Puritans had the majority in
their interest, and it speedily appeared that a
complete oArerthrow of the ecclesiastical establish
ment was predetermined by the leading members
Of the House of Common^. At the very opening:
ef the session some violent speeches were made
against episcopacy ; the late canons were voted
illegal, and archbishop Laud was impeached at
the same time as the author 6f them, and for in
troducing the Liturgy, &c. into Scotland.
•;. The great earl of Strafford AVas also sent to the
Tower, and shortly afterwards beheaded, dying,
as he said, ' ' a true son of the Church of Eng
land, and praying for the peace and prosperity df
it." These weie melancholy presages of the mi
series which followed ; for the king was no\V
without any power, and even the House of Peers
was overawed by the fierce spirit of the Commons.
The sectaries assumed an insolent confidence,
under the connivance, and even protection of the
parliament; the factious incendiaries Avho had
been imprisoned for their seditious1 conduct, a&
Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick, were released, and
;».- entered

SEVERAL introduction; di
fntered London in triumph. Several of the ortho»
dox clergy Avere prosecuted for superstition, fals§
doctrine, and bringing in popish ceremonies.
Before the close of the year, a petition for the
abolition of the episcopal government was pre»
sen ted to the House of Commons by alderman
Pennington, attended, by a numerous rabble;
whichipetition Avas ordered to remain in the 'hand*
«f the clerk, a»>d in February following it was re-»
forrfid to a committee. In consequence of th4
favourable! reception which this petition met with*
^e party, flushed with hopesy tried their strength
throughout the kingdom, and numerous petition^
ofthe same kind flowed into the House. The di§S
ittgeiwity which was ^practised to procure napies^
to these addresses is thus related by lord Clarendon »:
*' The course was first to prepare ja. petition, very
modest and dutifial fortheform, and fop the matter
not very unreasonable* and to communicate,' it at
?ojn« public meeting, where care was taken that it
should be received w^th approbation. The sul>-
sci'iption of a very few hand* filled the paper
itself, where the petition was written; and there
fore many more sheets were annexed, for the re*-
ception of the number, which gave all1 the credit
$nd procured all '-t-he" countenance to the under
taking; whsn a multitude of hands was* pro*
cured, the petition itself was:^cut> off, and
4 new one framed, suitable to'the design in
jgaad, and annexed to the long list of names which
6 were

Cj£ GENERAL INTRODUCTION
¦Were subscribed to the former *. " His majesty also*,
in his speech to both Houses, January 25, took
notice of the same unfair dealing ; and several of
the petitions, in favour of episcopacy, adduced
many instances of this shameful and dishonest
practice on the part of the Presbyterians.
But the die Avas cast; the enemies of the Church
had all the power in their oavu hands; and even
those members of parliament Avho were friendly
to her interests, had scarcely courage enough to
speak a word in her behalf. Petitions, indeed,"
from various places, subscribed by persons of
rank, learning, and piety, were offered to the par
liament in favour of the Church government and
service, but these were treated Avith contempt,
and at length an order passed- that no more should
be received; while others of an opposite cast,'
from porters, apprentices, and even from women,
Were treated -with the greatest courtesy. '
The first step taken to destroy the episcopal
order, Was the introduction of a bill for depriving
the bishops of their seats in parliament; which the
Lords rejected, but the Commons Avere resolved
tMiU every vote of theirs should be law, and
therefore they passed the bill again the same ses
sion, contrary to the rules of parliament. Some
temporal lords made a bold stand against this dar
ing innovation;; but their resistance was fruitless, and
• History ofthe Rebellion, Vol.1, p. 161.

GENERAt. INTRODUCTION. Ctfl
and- the motions was carried. Attempts Avere made
upon the bishops to prevail upon, them to wave
their privilege, and to yield .up a, right which they
•could not maintain. But they honestly refused
to renounce that with which they were constitu
tionally entrusted, and to Avhich they; bad as in
disputable a right as any of the other peers. To
force their submission, recourse Avas had to the
vilest expedients, and the factious, leaders of the
Lower House encouraged the London apprentices
to assemble in Westminster, Avhere they beset the
parliament doors, crying, out "No bishops!, no
popish lords 1 ". And for a further reinforcement,
bundles of petitions came up from the counties^
complaining of the bishops as a common nuisance^
that the decay of trade, and the clogging and dis
appointing of all. business in parliament, Avas occa
sioned by them. The mob, finding that the most
outrageous proceedings against the Church .party
would be acceptable, to the patriots as they Avere
Called, openly assaulted the bishops as they Avere
going by water to the House of Lords. PerceiA^-
ing that their lives were exposed to the rage of a
sanguinary rabhle, and that they could not de-?
pend upon the parliament for protection, the bi
shops prudenthy returned ; and having assembled
at the lodgings of the archbi.shop of York, there
signed a protestation, drawn , up by his grace,
against all acts that should be passed, during their
absence. This instrument, Avhich had the names of

Cxli GENERAL INTRODUCTION".
of twelve prelates to it, was presented to the king*
who gave it to the lord keeper Littleton, by whotn
it was immediately read in the House. The mea
sure, though just and legal, was certainly ill*
timed, as it gave that opportunity to the Com
mons, for which they had for some time been
waiting, to root out the whole episcopal order.
No sooner Avas the protestation communicated to
them, than it occasioned a ferment of ferocious
triumph ; and one of the zealots exclaimed, that
the jmger of God was herein manifest, to bring
that to pass, Avhich otherwise could not have been
compassed. Accordingly, within an hour, Mr.
Glyn went up to the Lords with an impeachment,
and tlie same evening ten of the bishops Avere
sent to the Tower ; the other two, on account ,of
their age, being permitted to remain in their own
4io«ises. But though counsel Avas assigned them, and the
day of trial fixed, the matter Avas never brought
to a hearing ; for their persecutors were sensible
that the bishops had datee nothing but. what could
be justified by law and precedent. At length
eleven Avere admitted to bail; but Wren, bishop of
J£Iy, was most cruelly used, being kept in the
Tower till the end of the year 1659, withoutany
charge brought against him.
And now the ferment (as Collier says) beo-an
to boil over, tlie mask Avas laid aside, and the fac
tion appeared more in tkeir coiauia. Fresh peti-
tiantf

x GENERAL iNTRODUCflOtf." Cxiii
tions were sent in against the bishop's votes ; but
the king stood out some time against the bill,
and at last signed it, at the earnest importunity
Of the queen, who thought that her preservation
depended in some measure upon his consent.
This was the deadly bloAv which levelled the
Church of England to the dust, and shook the
foundations of the Throne; for the reformers,
flushed with the triumph they had obtained over
the resolution of the king, Avere resolved to set no
bounds to their encroachments.
All things were now ripened for a civil war.
The people having been inflamed against the bi
shops by the speeches of the faction in parliament,
and by the discourses of the seditious lecturers
Avho had usurped the pulpits, Avere now set on, by
the same means, to attack the person .and autho
rity of the sovereign himself. Immense mobs
Avere collected in the city, under the very sanC-^
tion of the magistrates ; arras were distributed to
many persons, and Avhen the king passed, he Avas
insulted With the most virulent, language and re
proaches. In apprehension for his safety, he retired
to Hampton Court, and from thence he removed
to York, where he was attended by several loyal
noblemen and gentry, who came out of all parts
of England to offer him their services.
The parliament had anticipated hiih in prepar
ing for resistance, which is a plain proof that they
yol. 1. h Ame

CXIV GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
Avere actuated from the first by rebellious princi-s
pies. ' It Avas, therefore, time for him to arm
in his OAvn defence/', ..it, With a spirit, activity,
and address, which ' neither the one party appre
hended, nor the other expected, he employed all
the advantages Avhich remained to;Jihim, j.and
roused, up his adherents to arms. >sThe resources
of this prince's genius increased in proportion to
h\§ [difficulties ;,, and he-jnever, appeared greater
thanf,Avhen plunged into the deepest t perils, and
distresses *. "

Hume, vi, 4p,l.,

SECTION

CENERAL introduction. cxv

SECTION X.
The bloody standard of rebellion Avas now
hoisted; and all the artifices of religious hypocrisy
Were made use of to "shake the 'people side with
the parliament, Avhose cause Avas represented as
the cause of God. ' Olir limits*, however, will not
permit us; to- enter into a narration of all' the dread
ful events of the civil war.
What we have in view, iu this introduction, is
to sheAV how far the Puritans were concerned in
exciting the commotions Avhich produced sacri
lege and murder, and which terminated in esta^
blishing a tyrant upon the throne, the footsteps of
Avhich Avere yet covered Avith the blood of a mar
tyred king.
We have already noticed the rebellious positions
of Knox and his followers, and with Avhat avidity1
they were embraced and "improved upon by the
fiery sectaries in the reign of Elizabeth. It re
mains now for us to bring forward proofs that
the Puritans, in this reign, were the actual agita
tors of those horrid scenes which convulsed these
kingdoms for many years, One of the first acts
of the long parliament was to -form what they
called- " a Committee of Religion;" the chair
man of which, White, a lawyer, Avas a most fu
rious- 'bigot against the Church and her friends.
h 2 This

CXVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
This committee, in fact, consisted entirely of men
of that faction, and who Avere determined at all
events to root out episcopacy, and to establish
the Presbyterian discipline. With such a party,
therefore, in the house, aided by the popular cla
mour out of it, nothing less could be expected than
a total destruction of the Church. The bishops
were first deprived ' of their seats in parliament;
and at last, by ah ordinance of both Houses, the
order itself Avas abolished. The episcopal lands
and revenues Avere sequestered to the public use.
Incredible almost Avere the ravages made in the
cathedrals, under the pretence of reformation, so
early; as 1642; and because the authority of the
pious- bishop Hall will hardly be questioned, we
shall give his account of the manner in which
Norwich cathedral Avas plundered, as a specimen
of the treatment which the others experienced
from these reformers :
" It is no other (saith the good prelate) than tragical to
relate the carnage of that furious sacrilege, whereof our eyes
and ears were the sad witnesses, under the authority and
presence of Linsey (an alderman), and Tofts the sheriff; and
Greenwood. Lord, what work was here, what clattering of
glasses, what beating down of walls, what tearing up of mo
numents and pulling down of seats, what wresting out of irons
and brass from the windows and graves! what defacing of
arms, what demolishing of curious stone-work that had not
any representation in the World, but only of the cost of the
founder and skill of the mason ! what tooting and piping
upon the destroyed organ pipes, and what a hideous triumph on

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. CXVU
on the market day before all the country, when in a kind of
sacrilegious and profane procession ; all the organ pipes, vest
ments, both copes and surplices, together with the leaden
cross, which had newly been sawn down from before the
green-yard pulpit, and the service books* and singing books,
that could be had, were carried to the fire in the market
place. A lewd wretch walking before the train in his cope
trailing in the dirt, with a service book in his hand, imitating
in impious scorn, the tune, and usurping the words ofthe
Litany used formerly in the Church. Near the public cross
all these monuments of idolatry must be sacrificed to the
fire, not without much ostentation of a zealous jby 'in dis
charging ordnance, to'the cost of some who professed hotv
much they longed to see that day. Neither was 'it any news
upon the guild day, tb hatfe the cathedral, now open, on all
sides, to 'be filled with musketeers waiting for the mayor's
return, drinking and tobacconing as freely as if it had) been
turned into an alehouse *."
But all this, Avas mild, and eAren decent, Avhen
compared with Avhat many other cathedrals re
ceived. It may here be replied, perhaps,, f that
such proceedings were the Avild outrages of a laAv-
less mob, in Avhich the Puritans had no /band.
But who gave the mob this power ? Did not the
Reforming Committee direct and sanction these
acts, and were they not performed under the, eye
of the magistrates, and even of the preachers, who
looked upon the whole as the Avork of godly zeal ?
Indeed, that the clergy of the faction were
#3 deeply
* Bishop Hall's Hard Measure, p. 63.

CXviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
deeply engaged ''in all this' Avickedness, cannot
Avell be 'doubted, after reading what lord Clarefi-
don hays of them.
" I must not forget, (says he,) though it cannot be re
membered without much horror, that this strange wild-fire
among the people was not so much and so furiously kindled
by the breath of the parliament, as of their clergy, who both
administred fuel, and Mowed the coals in the houses top.
These men having creeped into, ^d at ,^st d.rjyen .aj.1 learned
and orthodox men from, the pulpits, had, frpm.the beginning
qf, this parliament, under the. notion pf reformation, and ex
tirpating of Popery, infused seditious inclinations into the
hearts of men, against the present government ofthe Church,
with many libellous invectives against the State too ; but
since the raising an army, and'rejecting the king's last over
ture of a treaty, they contained themselves withhr no bounds ;
and as freely and without controtd ipyeighpd against thq per
son qf the 'king, as they had before against the worsf malig
nant,; profanely and blasphemously applying whatsoever
had been spoken and declared by God himself or the Pro
phets against the most wicked and impichis kings, to in
tense and stir up the people against their most gracious
sovereign *."
r; "His lordship mentions several passages of scrip
ture Avhich AVere thus profanely applied, one of
the most famous of which was this : " Curse ye
Meroz, said the angel of the Lord ; curse ye bit
terly tire inhabitants . thereof, because they came
not to.,the--nhelp. of the, Lord,, to. the help ofthe
Lord against the mighty j." This text was
adopted
* History, Vol. II. p. 1 7, 18. + Judges v. 23.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. CX1X
adopted by many of the. factious preachers, to sti
mulate the people to liberal exertions on the side
of the parliament.
But the most convincing testimonies of the se
ditious spirit of the Puritans at that time, are to
be drawn from the sermons Avhich were preached
by them on public occasions, and printed by au
thority of parliament. From these we shall make
a feAv extracts, both as confirming what we have
asserted, and as exhibiting the true character of
those men whom Dr. Calamy and others have
represented in glowing colours as miracles Of
piety and of suffering, because the principal part
of them were, ejected at the restoration from.
preferments to which theyhadino other right than
what usurpation ga\'e them.
In the ffrst sermon preached before tlie Long
Parliament, November 17, 1640, by the noted
Cornelius Burgess, Avho got possession of the lands
belonging to the deanries of St. Paul's and Wells,
.: ,jr? <S ^S>j... , Xl- Ji if--.."'! • j wis *
we read the folloAving passage :
M\ In the story of Asa putting to death his mother Maacha,
it is said he removed her frprn being a queen ; because she
had made an idol ip a grove, he brake down herydol, and also.
Maacha his mother,, even, her he removed from being queen : AI-
-Ji'J j -' wx'j . !''.!.' J '";'' 1" *y<_-y . . ;,r ; '-in , '
though a piother, although a queen ; yet even her he de
prived of her dignity.' This he did, and this he mtist do, by
virtue bf the special command of God himself, even in what
tfelatioii' soever she had stood unto him. For so in Deutero-
kfatyi xiii. 6, the law was : for though she had been nearer
than a mother, even the wife of his own bosom ; yet if she
h i were

CXX GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
were an idolator, and should > entice him secretly, ssysrrg-,
Let ns go and serve, other gadsx sjie; must haye been put to death;,
and his hand must have been first upon, her."
The celebrated Edmund Calamy was a leading
man of the; Presbyterian party ; a member of the
assembly of divines, and afterwards an ejected
minister,, , His loyalty has ., been much boasted of
by writers on his side, hoAy truly the following
passages will evince :
" When God begins to build and plant, if that nation do
evil, Ged will unbuild what he hath built, and pluck up
jvjiat he hath planted, and repent of the good, &c. for you
must know, that God repents as well of his mercies as of his
judgments ; when God made Saul king, and he proved stub
born and disobedient, he repented that he had m.ade him king."
Sermon before the Commons, Dec. 22, 164K
*J.If there be found any amongst ,you, that drive on thejde-
gigns of Oxford, (where, the king then was,) and are found at
Westminster, only to betray their country, the Lord unmask
such, and the Lord give them repenting hearts : this is to
build up houses with the blood of three kingdoms ; this is
to sell your souls for preferment ; and it is just with God",
that s,uch not only lose their souls, but lose thqjr preferments
also, as Judas that spld his master and hung himself." ,
Calamy's Fast Sermon before the Commons,QcJ. 22, 1644.
It Avas the same Mr. j Calamy, who, preaching
before general Monk; just after the restoration,
had the effrontery, in speaking of filthy, lucre,
(iis his grandson informs us,) to say, " Why is it
called filthy, but because it makes men dp base
and filthy things ? ; Some men will betray three
8 kingdoms

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. CXXI
kingdoms for filthy lucre's sake." Saying' which
he threw his handkerchief, Avhich he Usually Avaved
while he Avas preaching, towards the generals

* "

p&v This' is a strong intimation that Calamy, in
stead of regarding' > Monk as the restorer of the
con stitirtioh, looked upbk him as the betrayer of
llis country.
But, to proceed Avith our testimonies'-; 'Thomas
Brooks, another member of the assembly, and
ejected by the act of uniformity, in a< sermon
preached before the Commons, just before the
trial of the king, has this advice :
"Right honourable, cpnsjder this, those persons, .who
haye neglected the execution "of justice upon their most im
placable enemies, when God has given them into their hands;
these God has left to perish basely and miserably. ' fltf. B.
The ting %as then a" prisoner.) See it in Ahab, God gives
Benhadad into Ahab's hands : Because thou hast let ti man "go
ihat Tfmd appointed to distinction, therefore thy life shall be for
his life. So concerning Saul's sparing Agag, he would shift
off the command, and therefore God shifted him out of the
kingdom, when he 'neglected to do justice to art implacable
enemy, when God had given him into his hands."
Thomas Case Avas a noted preacher, and a mem
ber of the assembly. • At the restoration helost
the living of St. Maty 'Magdalen, Milk street.
Dr. Calamy say's of him, tbat "/he was a Scripture
preacher ;
* Calamy's Account pf Ejected, <Miuis ters, &c. vol.ii. p. 2.
Second Edition, 4

CXxii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
preacher; a great man in prayer, and one that
brought home many souls to God*." As speci
mens of his scripture preaching, take the folloAv-
ing extracts from a sermon preached before the
Commons, August 2<J, 164:5 :
*< Wliat a sad thing is it, niy brethren, to see our king at
the head of an ' anriy of Babylonians, refusing to be called
King of England, Scotland^- and Ireland^ choosing rather to
be called 'Jr/jjg-' of Babylon .'"
Again :
'^The parliament takes notice what God doth in break
ing the power of mighty princes, turned oppressors axuktyrantSf
in making them Cain like, vagabonds, to wander up and
doAvn in desart and hungry places."
This Avas truly" a christian Avay of exulting over
the-Avretched condition of bis laAvful sovereign \
fylr. 'Richard Kentish, whom Dr. Calamy calls
a " very Avorthy man'")","' and Avho Avas ejected at
the restoration, exclaims thus boldly for the exe
cution of the king, in a sermon before the Com
mons, November 24, 1 647 :
" I beseech you (says this, gentleman) to be impartial in
doing justice ; and let not the great flies (N. B. the spiders
had then got the king into 'tlieir power) break through the
Web, whilst the little ones are entangled ; to spare the great
birds and destroy the small, (not1 so hurtful,) is no good
justice. There are many wonder there are no more tkliif-
yuents called to the,b,ar. Take heed you spare not brother
Benhadad, (i. e. tjie King,) lest you and ,the kingdom fare the
* Vol. iii p. 83.
+ Vol. ii. p. ys.

General introduction. cxxiii
the worse fo? it ; as the prophet told Ahab,. (1 Kings xk.
42.) Becpuse thou hfsst let a man go wham, I , fad: appointed if a
destruction ; thy life shall go for h{s life, and thy people for his
people. I beseech you, think of .this, and be impartial,"
We shall close our quotations, which, might
have been SAvelled, injfo a large volume, Avitli, two
passages from a sermon preached by Dr. JebA
Owen before the Commons, the day after the
murder of the king ; Avhich day those butchers
observed as a solemn fast.
" As the flaming sword (says he) turns every way, so
God can turn it into every thing. To those that cry, Give
me a king, God can give him in his anger ; and from those
that cry, Take him away, God can take him away in his wrath.'
And again :
" When kingsi turn seducers, they seldom want good
store of followers. Now, if the blind lead the blind,' they shall
both fall into a ditch.- When kings command unrighteous
things, and the people suit them with a willing compliance,
none doubts but the destruction of them both, is just and
righteous." We remember a clergyman of high Calvinistical
principles, and a great admirer of this doctor's
Avritjngs, expressing himself thus: " I cannot
hut think, that the. execution of Charles I. was
just, other Ay ise it would not have had the sanction
of such a man as Dr. Owen!" This seems to
shew, that Avhen once the religious notions ofthe
Puritans- are received, their political ones are at
no great distance behind.
It is true several of the most eminent Presby-
7 terians

cxxiv [general introduction.
terians did remonstrate against the trial of the
king in very bold terms; But it is also true, that
the same men contributed, at the beginning and
during the progress of the war, their assistance to
the rebellion. When, indeed, they found them
selves supplanted by the Independents, and that
nothing short of the king's death was their object,
they "were struck with horror, and endeavoured
to prevent what they had themselves facilitated-
There is a remarkable evidence of this in a
tract by the celebrated Milton, Avho had a deep
concern iu the rebellion, and Avas thoroughly ac
quainted Avith the characters and actions of the
principal factions of his time. Speakmg of the
Presbyterians, he says, " They Avere most zealous.
to take arms against the king, to divest and dis-
anoint him of his dignity ; nay, to eurse liim in
all their sermons and pamphlets over the king
dom, Avhereof there remain numerous, monuments.
stil| to be produced *."

* Milton's Tenure of tings and Magistrate:. See also his
Life- before his Prose works', p. 24. '

SECTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. CXXV

SECTION XI,
The parliament knowing Avhat eminent service
was rendered to their cause by the Puritan
preachers, nominated lecturers of that description
to many parishes throughout the kingdom. No
thing was more frequent in the orders of appoint
ment, than to call these men "godly, learned,
Rnd orthodox ministers," though lord Clarendon
gives them a different character: " I am confi
dent (says he) there was not, from the beginning
of this parliament, one orthodox or learned
man recommended by them to any church in
England*." In order to render the regular and loyal clergy
odious to the people, an infamous pamphlet was
published by the committee for religion, and li
censed by White the chairman, entitled ">'The
first century of Scandalous and Malignant Priests. "
The royalists offered to return the reproach with
much more force upon the Puritan party; but the
king, Avho thought that Christianity itself might
suffer in the contest, refused to sanction such an
undertaking!. And even Mr. Baxter condemns
this malicious act, and says that it only served to
afford ' ' sport to the Papists J. " That the Church might
* Vol. ii. p. 233. f Collier, ii. 823. % Life, p. 89.

iCXXVi GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
might be completely reduced to a uniformity with
the Presbyterian establishment in Scotland, the
two Houses conA^enecl, on their own authority, an
assembly of divines, among Avhom were several
members of (both Housesi A few of the episcopal
party Avere also' nominated, to give some appear
ance of- impaatiality to the design, but none of
these attended, except Dr. Featly, a Calvinist,
and he was afterwards imprisoned for correspond*
hlg with archbishop; Usher. .
si This jumble- of a synod (as Dr. Nicholls justly
calls them) made their first session Julyl, 1643 ;
and after much pains, they set forth a Catechism
for children to learn. ; But as this Avas very long^
principally upon the most abstruse points of Cal*
vinistic doctrine, it Avas thought proper to draAV
wp a short one, in which the same points being
concisely expressed, are obscure and unintelli
gible. They also formed a Directory, or a rule
of public Avorahip, in which "all forms of worship,
out of disrespect to the Liturgy, Avere forbidden ;
and only some general rules laid down, by Avhicli
young ministers might be instructed Iioav to ma*
nage their extemporary mode of prayer*. <
But this assembly Avas far from being harmo*
nious ; five of the members Avere of the con are*
gational persuasion, aftcnvards called Indepem
dents. These men, oil the breaking out of fhe
rebellion,
* Defence, of the Church, Introd. p. 53.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. CXXVll
1
rebellion,: had returned from Holland, and soon
began to gather congregations upon their plant in
London. They were adverse to- the Presbyterian
discipline, maintaining, Aat every church or con
gregation Avas independent of any authority
Avhatsoever, consequently they could not submit
to the parochial and provincial subordinations
adopted by the Scotch Kirk, and. now admitted
hy the Westminster Assembly. Great debates en
sued, on these and some other points, between the
dissenting brethren (as the- independents Were
called) and the rest of the members. The con
gregational party, however, gained daily influence
in the nation, and in about three years after they
effectually OA-ertbrew the discipline Avhich gave
them so mu'eh offence. A few months after the
meeting ofthe Assem bly,. the Solemn League* and
Covenant was. ordered to be taken throughout' the
kingdom, Avhich brought a terrible persecution
upon the loyal, clergy.; Those who refused to
comply were turned out of their houses, and not
Suffered to compound either for their temporal or
real estates. Great numbers were forced to quit their
livings, Avhich were immediately filled by the
Presbyterians. About a. hundred and fifteem cler
gymen were expelled within the bills of mortality,
moat of Avhom were plundered, vramd their wives
and children turned into the streets*.; .Commit tees
*. Collier, ii.-p. 820*

CXXvlii GENERAL INTRODUCTION1/
tee's Avere set up in the different counties, to su**
pend scandalous ministers and malignants, that
is, such as Were suspected of loyalty, or who re^
fused the covenant. Many of the clergy Avere
heavily fined, others committed to noisome-pri
sons, and not a few put on board ships in the river
Thames, Avhere they Avere refused stools to sit
upon, or even straAV to lie on. Nay it Avas more
than once proposed to send them to the planta
tions, and even to sell some of them to the Alge
rines. But the particulars of these horrible perse
cutions will mote fully appear in the folloAving
memoirs of those pious and loyal confessors.
It is true that the parliament did by an ordi
nance empoAver the committees to alloAV tbe wives
and children of the delinquents, the fifth part of
the estate and goods Avhich should be seized, but
even this pittance Avas very seldom paid.
With all this pretence of reformation and extra
ordinary sanctity, an increase of true religion
might have been expected. But the fact Av,a§
Otherwise. A Presbyterian divine of that time"
informs us, that " things grew daily worse and
worse ; that no kind of blasphemy, heresy, and
disorder, and confusion, but Avere then to be
found among them. Instead of reformation
(says he) Ave are groAvn from one extream to ano
ther; fallen from Scylla to Chary bdis ; from' Po
pish innovations, superstitions, and prelatical
tyranny, to damnable heresies, horrible blasphe mies,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION* CXXIX
mies, libertinism and fearful anarchy. Our evils
are not removed and cured, but only changed ;
one disease and devil hath left us, and another
as bad is come in his room*."
The Presbyterian party noAV gave way to the
Independents, and these sided with the army, by
whom the king, Avho had been purchased of the
Scots for 100,0001. Avas brought to a mock trial,
and sentenced to death. With a calm and un
shaken resolution did this virtuous monarch resist
the authority of the pretended high court of jus
tice ; with equal fortitude did he prepare himself
for death; and like a holy martyr did he ascend
the fatal scaffold, from whence his soul took its
flight to Heaven.
The character of the king, given by lord Cla
rendon, and with -which we shall conclude this
Introductory History, will not to any candid
reader appear exaggerated ; " He was the wor
thiest gentleman, the best master, the best friend,
the best husband, the best father, and the best
Christian, that the age in which he lived pro.
duced."

* Edwards's Gangrxna, Epist. ded.

VOL. B.

CORRIGENDA.
The Editors have to apologize to their readers for the
following Errata, which were occasioned by the necessity of
hastening the sheets through the press, that the Numbers
might appear on the regular days of publication. Care will
be taken to render the two remaining Volumes as correct as
possible. Page ii, of the Introduction, note, for Collins read Collier.
lxi, note, line 4, for Note read Not.
In the Work, page 9, line 12, for Protestate read Potestate.
12, — 20, for Dunce read Dunch.
66, — 23, for Latinist read lutenist.
74, — 10, &c. for him read her.
89, — , foxfuma xezAfama.
go, — 6, for mcerum read mcerens.
92, — 23, for Dr. read Izaak Walton.
97, — 11, for Justamcnti read Juramenti,
170, — 2, for Fullen read Fuller.
150, — 30, for Lancroft read Sancroft.
282, — 32, for Londinensum read Londinensem.
318, — 42 & 46, for Academiarium read Acade*
miarum.
331, — 17, for ut read et.

Errors not immediately affecting the sense, the candid
reader will correct with indulgence.

THE

CHURCHMAN'S MEMORIAL. i

An Account of the Visitation of the UNI VERSITT of OxFOKl}
by the PARLIAM£NTARr C0MMITT££, and oftheir Pro
ceedings consequent thereupon, in pursuance of the Ordinance
passed on the first of May 1647.

HAVING begun this Work with an account of the de-*
prived members of this Ancient and Learned Uni
versity, it seemed necessary that a narrative of the proceed
ings of the Parliamentary Visitors therein should precedei
the detailed sufferings of those, whose attachment to the
Church of England, and the cause of Royalty, brought
upon them the persecution of a Rebellious Faction, which,
after having overturned the government, and imbrued their
hands in the Wood of their Sovereign, totally subverted the
constitution oftheir country.
On this subject, Avhich ought to serve as an impressive
warning to all innovators upon our excellent form of govern
ment, in Church and State, and which at least should diredt
them to look at the consequences, if they are not convinced
of Ihe sin of rebellion, Ave shall lay before our readers the
whole proceedings of the Oxford Visitors, as chiefly taken
from Dr. "Walker's Account of " the Sufferings of the
Clergy," &c.
On Midsummer day 1646, the wishes of the parliament
being in a manner accomplished, the strong and almost the
only remaining garrison of Oxford having falleri into their
hands, a wide door was opened for a great deal more of
their beloAred work ef reformation; although, to their no small
disturbance, they found the university held out a siege of
more than a year and a half after the fort was surrendered ;
for the convocation bouse proved a citadel, and each college a
fort, which they found it not very easy to reduce*
vox.'l. A But

a THE OXFORD VISITATION.
But though the surrender of Oxford brought on the great
and calamitous visitation of that university ; yet, like , her
sister of Cambridge, she had her portion of other troubles
previous to the general desolation made, when the faction
got the full power into their hands ; and it will be necessary
to take notice of these, prior to giving an account of the vi
sitation itself.
In 1640, when the seeds of confusion began to ripen, and
threaten that plentiful harvest of rebellion, which followed
soon after, the factious townsmen began to abuse the scho
lars ; to invade the known and undoubted rights and privi
leges of the university ; to disturb and resist the proftors in
the execution of their duty ; and particularly, got Mr. Ali-
bond, of Lincoln College (then one of them), summoned
before the parliament, to answer for his having set at liberty
a fellow, whom one Alderman Nixon had illegally im
prisoned*. • In September of this year, Henry Wilkinson (then D. D. of
Magdalen Hall, but afterwards, for his good service to the
cause, made one of the visitors, and canon of Christ-church,)
preached a factious sermon before the university at St.
Mary's ; inveighing against the ceremonies of the church,
&c. for Avhich he was sentenced to a recantation, and (on
his refusal,) forbid to preach any more in the university until
he should make it. He soon after petitioned the Earl of
Pembroke, who referring the matter to the»Committee of
Religion, he was not only acquitted from the censure, but
ordered to print his sermon, which gave no small encou
ragement to the fa£lion in this university.
The 27th of Oftober, Dr. Potter (then vice chancellor,)
was sent for bya Serjeant at arms, to answer for somethingdone
in execution of his office ; and, being dismissed, was soon
after cited before a committee, then sitting in the court of
wards, which had some affairs relating to the university be
fore them : And January 7 of this year, he was again brought
before the .house for suspending Mr. Wilkinson.
Much about the same time the townsmen petitioned the
House of Lords against the university for having invaded
their privileges, (to Avhich the university drew up a counter-
petition,) and whilst the matter was depending, they ga
thered
* Mr. Alibond attended, but died before they were at leisure to hear him ;
for he was interred in the parish of St. Bride's, London, in the beginning of
February this year. Wood, Atb, vol. i. p. 900.

• THE OXFORD VISITATION. 3
thered tumults in the night, abused the governors of the
university, stopped the proctors in the execution of their
offices, and insulted them in such a rude manner, that the
vice chancellor found himself under a necessity to publish '
an order, that no scholars should stir abroad out of their re
spective colleges.
June 28, 1641, the order passed the house, that none who
were matriculated, or took any degree in this university,
should be obliged to subscribe the third article of the 36th
canon : to which was also added, that no student in either
of the universities should " bow towards the altar, or make
any offerings there."
About this period too, the public acTs Were voted down in
convocation : on which occasion Dr. Potter? the vice chancel
lor, lamenting in a sharp speech the contempt in consequence
of it put upon all learning, he was again complained of to the
Earl of Pembroke, and ordered to transmit a copy of his
speech to Westminster, which was accordingly done : but
what resolution the earl came to upon it does not appear.
February 8, 1641, the scholars of both universities were
ordered to take a protestation (which possibly was the fa
mous one taken by both houses in May of this year :) and
March 2, the power of judging in academical cases' was
taken from Dr. Prideaux (then vice chancellor), as being
a clergyman, and given to Dr. Giles Swete, his deputy,
a layman. In July 1642, the king, then at "York, wrote to Dr. Pri
deaux, the vice chancellor, to borrow some money of the
university : whereupon a convocation was called, which
unanimously voted his majesty all the public money they
had, amounting to 8601. • Besides this, several of the col
leges, (more particularly Christ-church, Magdalen, and
Queen's,) and several private persons, sent their plate and
money . also. Soon after this the parliament published a
proclamation, declaring this aft of the convocation null and
void, pronouncing those criminal who had been concerned
in it, straightly prohibiting any the like aftions for the fu
ture, commanding all and singular persons of each society
to. secure the treasure of the respective colleges, and order
ing Dr. Prideaux, (then rector of Exeter College, and bishop
,of Worcester,) Dr. Samuel Fell, dean of Christ-church, Dr.
Fre^en, president of Magdalen College, and Dr. Potter,
provost of Queen's, to be seized and brought before them,
to ans-wer for what they had done in this matter. But they all
A 2 with-

* THE OXFORD VISITATION, .
withdrew, and did not return to Oxford until the king came
thither, after the battle at Edge Hill. In the mean time, his
majesty, on notice of these proceedings ofthe earl, writes to
the commissioners of array, the high sheriff of the county,
and the mayor of Oxford, to protect the university. But
the war being now broken out, neither these nor the scho
lars who met in arms the following month,, were sufficient
to oppose the superior force of Lord Say, then lord lieuten
ant of the county ; Avho, on the news of Sir John Biron's
having marched to Oxford, to possess that place for his ma
jesty, ordered his deputy-lieutenants to draw together what
forces they could, and meet him near the city, in order to
dispossess him ; which was accordingly done ; and their
numbers amounted in all to about 3000. Sir John Biron,
on their approach, was obliged to quit the town ; which
Lord Say entering, , September 14, 1642, he went, at
tended with a guard, to New College, and thence to Queen's,
to search for plate and arms ; and having set a guard that
night on the latter of these colleges, proceeded the next day to
Magdalen College, on the same errand, and took away what
arms he could find from thence ; as likewise from Merton,
Corpus-Christi and Christ-church.
At the same time his soldiers having discovered some
trunks of Dr. Fell's, out of the college, they seized and
carried them to his lordship's lodgings ; as they did the
remaining plate lof Christ-church, which they found hidden
hi the, cellar. They also set a guard on the several gates of
that house, and on the lodgings of Dr. lies, (one of the
canons,) that he might not convey away his goods, and
" attempted to break into the treasury ; and after a day's
" labour, forced a passage into it, but met with nothing,
" except a single groat and an halter, in the bottom of a
" large iron chest. , Enraged with that disappointment, they
" went to the deanery ; where having ransacked what they
" thought fit, they put it altogether in a chamber, locked
" up, and retired to their quarters, intending the next morn-
" ing to return and dispose of their prize: but when they
" came they found themselves defeated, and every thing re-
" moved to their hand," by the help of a key which Mr.
{afterwards Dr.) Allestry had to the lodgings*.
The day following (which was the 16th) his lordship im*
prisoned
* Life of Dr. Allestry, prefixed to his sermon*.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 5
prisoned Mr. Lloyd of Oriel, and three masters of arts of
Christ-church, for some wordswhich they had spoken; and the
next day three others; which conduct so terrified the scholars,
that the Sunday following two doftors only, and very few of
the masters, appeared at church. However his lordship re
stored to all- the colleges their plate, (Christ-church and Uni
versity only excepted, because theirs had been concealed,) and
contented himself with taking a promise from the respective
heads, that it should be forth-coming, and should not be
made use of by the king against the parliament. But it must be
owned, that that promise was not kept : for his majesty coming
to Oxford soon after the battle of Edge Hill, his necessities
obliged him to send for the remainder of the college plate,
which was accordingly carried in, and coined for his use.
Besides this, the scholars, in their private capacities, contri
buted two thousand pounds at one time, and eight hundred
pounds at another, for the same service •, whilst others of
them, according to their several abilities,, maintained two or
three men for his majesty's service, at tlieir own expence ;
and those who could not serve him with their pockets, did
it with their persons ; both working with their own hands
on the fortifications, and taking up arms for him; and in the
last of these stations doing their military exercise with so
much readiness and skill, as to give the utmost pleasure to all
who beheld them. They undertook likewise all the inferior
duties of the private soldiers, performed several gallant
actions against the rebels, and followed his majest/s for
tune in the army during some part of the rebellion. And
it ought to be mentioned, that of the hundred students of
Christ-church, no less than twenty were officers in the ser
vice, and the rest, almost to a man, bore arms.
It is altogether needless to prosecute the particulars of
these matters, from the time of his majesty^ first coming
among them, until the middle of the unfortunate year 1646,
when the place, (though furnished with a very goddf* garri
son, with provision for six months, and all other necessaries
for a siege, and having in it at that time many of the prin
cipal nobility and gentry,) was shamefully given up to the
parliament forces; which, as might have been expected, made
way for the visitation that is now to be accounted for. But
before we proceed to that subject, it may not be amiss to
take a brief view of the state into which the long continu
ance of a garrison, and the surrender of it at last into the
hands of the parliament, had reduced this flourishing uni"
A 3 versit}-.

6 THE1 OXFORD- VISITATION.
versity. The public acts had been disused for many years ;
the schools had been converted into magazines ; such of the
public exercises as continued, were performed in a manner
less solemn than had been done heretofore, and at last wholly
dropped ; and in the private colleges they were in a manner
quite neglected. The plate was not only gone, and the
bursaries emptied of the public money, but each college
had likewise contracted great debts, and had not money for
their ordinary and most necessary uses, (though some of
them had sold all,) notwithstanding the number of scholars
was reduced to a very few. The private purses of such as
remained were likewise exhausted ; insomuch that they la
boured under downright poverty, ahd even beggary. ' Nor
under those melancholy circumstances did they know where
or to what they could betake themselves for relief; the
whole kingdom being now in confusion, the edifices of the
several'colleges and halls went to ruin ; the chambers being
mostly taken up for those who attended his majesty, or re
paired thither for defence of the place. Five of the halls
were perfectly emptied of the scholars, and the principals
were forced tb let out the chambers to townsmen, to
keep them from falling quite to the ground. And after the
surrender of the place, " There appeared (saith Wood,
*r Athen. vol. 2, p. 740,) nothing but confusion and darkness.
" Hell was broke loose upon the pCJor remnant, and they
" were over-run by sectaries, blasphemers, hypocrites, exci-
" ters to rebellion, censurers, covetbus persons, men of self-
'" pride> envy, and what not ?' So that those of the gown
" who could not Broolc such persons, did either leave the
" university, or abscond in the respective houses, till they
" could know their doom by the approaching visitation.
" The1 soldiery did declare their impudence so much, that
" they forbore not to preach in some of the pulpits, and to
" thrust themselves into some of the public schools, and
" there in the places of lectures, speak to the scholars against
" human learning, and challenge the most learned of them
«* to prove their calling from Christ." In a word, the uni
versity first underwent all the miseries which unavoidably
attend the confusions of war ; and afterwards, all the op
pressions that successful rebellion and triumphant enthusiasm
could put upon it.
The parliament had their eyes on both the universities,
from the very beginning of the rebellion ; and the loyalty
expressed by this in particular, in the several instances now
men-.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. *
mentioned; together with the great advantages which his
majesty reaped from the fortifications of Oxford, which he
took so long for his head-quarters, could not but make them.,
look on that place with an especial observation. Add to
this, that the university had dismissed the Earl of Pern-.
broke from being their chancellor, alledging, among other
reasons for their so doing, his adherence to the parliament,
in opposition to the interest of his majesty and the church; ,
and October 24, 1643, declared the Marquis of Hertford
chancellor in his room : on all which accounts it was not to
be expedtc i that the parliament would omit any opportunity
of taking revenge. Accordingly, on March 24, 1643, the
Commons passed an order, " That all the tenants of the
" colleges, &c. in Oxford, should keep the rents in their
" hands till farther order from the house." It is probable ,
this order was not without its effect; but that of July 2,
1646, was, no doubt, more effectual, which provided,
" That no head of a house, fellow, &c. should be admitted
" to any place of profit in the university, nor any lairds set,
" or leases renewed, until the pleasure of the parliament in
" that matter was known." This was a plain, as well as an
early step, taken towards the reformation, wijich was, on
the following year, set on foot ; and was withal apprehended
to be a manifest violation of the articles of surrender,
wherein it had been stipulated, that " tEef chancellor, masters,
" heads, fellows, &c. and > all other persons belonging to
" the university, or any colleges or halls, should, according
" to their statutes, &c. enjoy their', ancient government,
" subordinate indeed to the immediate authority and power
" of parliament ; and 'that all the rights and privileges, &c.
"lands, revenues, &c. should be enjoyed by them respec-
" tively, free from sequestrations, fines, taxes, and all pther
" molestations whatsoever, for or under colour of a?iy thing
" whatsoever relating to this present war, or thfe differ-
" ences between his majesty and the parliament."^ On this
Dr. Hammond, then public orator, was ordered to write
to Sir Thomas Fairfax, and beseech him that he woulcf use
his endeavours with the parliament, that the articles of sur
render might be punctually observed : but whether that ge
neral took any notice of it, is unknown; and if he did, it
was without that effect which the university desired, though
probably did not expect : Nor could they well, because the
last clause in the article plainly left an opening to destroy all
the rest of it, whenever they pleased. It was in these
A 4 words :

(C

THE OXFORD VISITATION.
words : " Provided that this shall not extend to retard any
reformation there intended by the parliament, or give
" them any liberty to intermeddle in the government."
In September following, the parliament made a further
advance towards the more immediate appearance of their
authority in a visitation, by sending their harbingers to pre
pare the way for it ; these were seven divines, whom they
dispatched to Oxford the 10th of that month, to reduce
the university to a better temper, and to dispose them to a
reconciliation with the parliament and their proceedings.
The persons pitched on for this purpose were, Mr. Robert
Harris, of Hanwell, in Otfbrdshire ; Mi"- Edward Reynolds,
' formerly of Merton-college ; • Mr. Henry Wilkinson, senior
of Magdalen-hall; Mr. Francis Cheynell; Mr. Edwdrd
Corbet, both of Merton-college ; Mr. Henry Cornish, for
merly of New-Inn-hall ; and Mr. Henry Langley, formerly
of Pembroke-college : these were provided with a power
to invade any pulpit in Oxford as often as they pleased.
And that which they <:hose most frequently for their -pur
pose, was the university-pulpit at St. Mary's ; where, inter
rupting the courses and turns of preaching which had been
ciistomary in the university, they vented, according to the
rtode of the times, their extempore prayers, and delivered
long discourses, filled with bitter invectives against the go
vernors ofthe church and' university, whom they called
dumb' dogs, formalists, &c.
Besides their Sunday exercises, they had their meetings.
every Thursday, (a practice which the hypocrisy of those
times had brought much in vogue,) for the resolvino- cases
bf conscience, and determining such questions as they
judged of most use in matters of that kind ; these were
held in a house within the parish of St. Peter's in the East,
(which the scholars, therefore, wittily called the Scruple-
shbp,) whither, by this specious pretence, they drew great
riumbers, especially of the lower class ; and so far obtained
their purposes, that they made some of them " Renounce
" their allegiance and oaths which they had taken- to the
" king, exercise public fastings and repentance in their con-
" gregations, for having taken up arms in his defence, and
" take the solemn league^and covenant." . But their success
Was not without its interruptions and disturbances, which it
met with from one William Erbury. This enthusiast had
been formerly of Brazen Nose-college, was after censured
in the high commission court for preaching in conventicles, had

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 4
had been now for several years a chaplain in the army, and
being of the independent principle, was much in the favour
and esteem of the soldiers ; and envying the reputation
which the presbyterians had gained by this method, went
one day to hear these determinations, when it happened
fhat the matter in debate concerned the office and dignity of
the ministry. On this Erbury told them, they had no mi*-
nistry, nor were there a church : a set time was therefore
appointed to debate this question, " Utrum in ecclesia Minister
" rium selectis aliquibus hominibus sit. concreditum t" But at the
time of meeting it was thus altered : " An Uti, qui pro ministris
" j* venditant,-majore Pfotestate gaudeant, aut uberiore utantur
"jure in anunciando Evangelio, quam quilibet explebe Christiana^'
The event was, that after much wrangling, Erbury and his
party put the presbyterian disputants under the same diffi
culties that our blessed Saviour did the unbelieving -Jews,
by his question of John's baptism; for demanding pf them
*' whence they had their orders?" they du^st not say,
" from the bishops," who wereconfessed by both parses to be
Antichristian; (and should they at-tbat time.have said other
wise, to bring themselves off, they feared;the people-;) nor
could they deny it, since all knew that they had been epis-
topally ordained : and so the shout went: on the side of
Erbury's party, and the convention was dissolved, to the- no
small disturbance of the presbyterian disputants ; who for
some little time discontinued theft meeting, but -soon after
resumed it. Nor wtis this the only disputation avhich Erbury
had with them-; for at another held' in St.-M^ry'8 ^hurch,
he maintained this, among pther positions, 5' that the saints
"shall have the same worship, honour, throne and glory,
" which Christ now hath ; and shall be endowed -with a
" greater power of miracles than Christ had- whilst on earth."
The contest lasted about four hours, in a tumultuous man
ner; and at last both parties retired, each claiming the vic
tory. Not long after this, Erbury left -Oxford ; but his cpn-
venticle was continued by Hewson, Kelsey, and Grimes,
then officers and preachers of note in the army ; but all of
them had been mean mechanics.
But to return to the visitation : these preachers having
now repaired the way, the ordinance for visiting the univer-
sitv passed May 1, 1647, appointing * "Sir Nath. Brent,
" Mr.
* May 23, 1649, some other visitors were added, but who they were doth
£0t appear. Whitl. Mem. p. 3$^

IO THE OXFORD VISITATION.
" Mr. Edward Corbet, Mr. John Pulliston of the Middle
" Temple, Mr. Henry Wilkinson, Mr. William Prynn, Mr.
" William Tipping, Sir William Cobb, Mr. George Green-
" wood, Dr. John Wilkinson, Mr. Edward Reynolds, Mr.
" Robert Harris, Mr. Francis Cheynell, Mr. John Packer,
" Mr. John Wilkinson, Mr. John Mills, Mr. Christopher
" Rogers, Mr. William Cope, Mr. Bartholomew Hall of the
" Middle Temple, Mr. Thomas Knight of Lincoln's-Inn,
" Mr. John Helling of Gray's-Inn, William Draper, Ga-
" briel Beck of Lincoln's-Inn, John Cartwright, and Samuel
" Dunch, esqrs. visitors of the said university, and of all the
" colleges, halls, masters,, scholars, fellows, members, offi-
" cars," &q. empowering " them, or any five of them, to
" inquire of, hear and determine, all and every crimes,
" offences, abuses, disorders, and all other matters whatso-
"-ever, wliich, hyjthe laws of this realm, customs or statutes,
" rightly established,.; of that university, or the statutes of
" the respe&ive colleges or halls, may lawfully be enquired
" of, heard and determined in the way tu visitation ofthe
" university, or the colleges, halls, masters, scholars," &c.
wherein they were to proceed, " to all. intents and purposes,
" as by the said laws, statutes and customs, any other visi-
" tors, by any authority whatsoever appointed, might pro-.
" ceed respectively."
They were more particularly authorised " to enquire
" upon oath concerning those that neglect, to take the
" solemn league and covenant, and the negative oath ; or
'* oppose the ordinances of parliament concerning the disci-
" prine and directory ; or did not promote the same in their
" several places*; or should teach or write against any point
" of doctrine, the ignorance of which doth exclude from
" the sacrament." They were likewise " directed to en-
" quire upon oath, of all who had taken up arms against the
" parliament," and to " certify the vacancies of those who
"should be found guilty of any of the afore-mentioned of-
" fences," to a committee of about twenty-five members of
' the House of Lords, and about fifty members of the House
of Commons, after named and appointed in the ordinance,
as well for " considering, determining and directing on such
" returns, what further proceedings should be had," as for
" the receiving, and finally determining such appeals that
" should be made by any of the scholars, from the sentence
" of the visitors." And lastly, the visitors were " to enquire
«« what oaths enjoined to be taken by the statutes of the uni-
" versity,

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 11
M versity, or any of the colleges, were not fit to be taken,
" and to.report their opinion," in that matter likewise, to the
committee now mentioned.
The ordinance,for reasons obvious enough, concludes with
a \' salvo to all the rights of the chancellor, for the time
" being." Instructed with these powers, the faction set themselves
to the godly work of reforming this university. And though
it is notorious, that when Archbishop Laud, in the- time of
his chancellorship, applied himself to reform the real disor
ders of it, the puritans industriously opposed him, encou
raging the under graduates to wear unstatutable habits ; yet
they lost no time themselves in setting about regulating the
pretended crimes of loyalty and affection to the church :
and therefore, in about a fortnight after the passing of this
ordinance, a citation was issued from ten of the visitors,
(then at London,) directed to the proctors and heads of
houses, or their vice-principals, &c. acquainting them, that
on the 4th of June following, they intended to open the
visitation ; summoning them, and all the scholars, officers,
&c. to appear that day in the Convocation House; and en
joining them to give in the names of all the university
officers, and of all the scholars, &c. of the several colleges.
This citation was not only delivered to the several persons
concerned, but also pasted on the walls and pillars in several
places of the -university. But just before this doom's-day
came, it happened that the garrison mutinied, seized
the money sent to pay them off, and refused to lay down
their arms : on this, Sir Nathaniel Brent, (the first commis
sioner for the visitation,) and some other of the visitors,
who were still in London, thought it not safe td venture
down, and therefore sent letters to such of their more offi
cious brethren as were already got to Oxford, that they
could not be with them till the long vacation.
In the mean time, the university, after the alarm ofthe
citation, were not unmindful to put themselves in readiness
to receive the assault ; and therefore the heads of houses
and other principal members, held frequent meetings in pri
vate, to consult of, and prepare an answer to be returned to
these inquisitors, and to draw up their opinion of the cove
nant, the negative oath, and the directory, concerning all
which the ordinance had directed a special inquiry : which
being accordingly done, it passed in a full convocation, June
1, 1647,

12 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
J, 1647, and was resolved to be tendered \o the visitors, in
all their names, as their full answer*.
The mutiny of the garrison happening but two days be
fore the visitation was to commence, the return from Sir
Nathaniel Brent, and those ofthe visitors who were at Lon
don, came too late to prevent'the preparations for it. Ac
cordingly, the evening before, Merton College gates were
set wide open to receive Sir Nathaniel and his brethren
from London. Some of the commissioners, who lived in
other parts of the country, were likewise come to town ;but
chiefly the stomachs of tlie preaching visitors before men
tioned, (who expected to feast themselves on such headships
and canonries as should be varfated, and which, in faft, they
afterwards did,) were up, 'and could not be pacified but by
breaking fast themselves, although the whole company was
not yet come together. And therefore, as the ordinance
empowered any five to aft, the next morning (contrary to
the expeftations of every body), Mr. Rogers, Mr. Harris,
Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Henry Wilkinson, Mr. Cheynell, Mr.
Dunc|, Mr. John Wilkinson, and Mr. Draper, proceeded to
opert the Visitation, and began it, according to their usual
hypocrisy, with prayers, and a sermon. The person pitched
upon for the office of preaching was Mr. Harris, who,
though a notorious pluralist, yet expected some further
emolument,, and was afterwards rewarded with the presi
dentship of Trinity College, in the room of Dr. Potter.
The preferments which he then enjoyed are thus reckoned
np by one of the gentlemen of this university, in a letter
wrote about this tirnef :. " Hanwell, his old love, 1601. per.
" annum, besides grazing, &c. Bishop' s-gate, towards 4001.
" Hanborough, towards 3001. Buriton and Petersfield in
" Hampshire, not above 5 or 6001. more, besides the 4s.
" a-day for the assembly membership-, and 10s. for apos-
" tleship, in Oxford." And being conscious of the: offence
which he coald not bpt know it would give in those godly
; •. .. times,
* It wasichiefly drawn up by "Dr. Svderson, ana* pHblished at ©jford this
year, J 64 7, in <to. under th<. title of " Reasons o£ the present judgment ojf
" the University of Oxford,,concerriing tjie. Soleron Leiigue, and Covenant, tjbfi
" Negative Oath, &c." Wood Ath. vol. i.'p. 2.
¦f See a liner1 at the end of" Pegasus, p. 3. In allusion to which he was pic
tured in, those times with one steeple on his head, others coming out of hi*
pockets, &c.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. vi
times, when pluralities were so much decried, he took notice
of it * himself, in the sermon we are now speaking of; and
declared, that though he held indeed the livings, yet he had
not the profits of them ; which, however, no honest man
would believe.
In such hands had the ordinance lodged the important
rights of visiting this great and famous university, and the
several colleges of it ; which the wise and pious founders
justly esteemed an authority of such consequence, that by
their several statutes they reposed it with none but person
ages of the highest stations, and who were therefore always
presumed to be of the most eminent characters.
But to proceed with the visitation : The citation before
mentioned enjoined the Leads, &c. to appear betwixt the
hours of nine and eleven, which they accordingly did ; but
Mr. Harris preached so long that the clock struck eleven
just as the sermon was ended. In the mean while, Dr. Fell,
then vice-chancellor, sent orders to the sexton of St. Mary's
to keep his clock exactly with the sun ; and as soon as It had
struck, the Doftor entered the Convocation-house, and there,
by the mouth of the proctor, declared, that the time being
elapsed, they were obliged to no longer attendance ; and hav
ing got the faft attested by a public notary, dismissed the
scholars to their several colleges, and forthwith went off with
the beadles before him. But by this time the visitors were
come as far as the Proscholium ; where the passage being
narrow, one of the beadles cried out, " Make way here for
" Mr. Vice-chancellor/' which these sneaking visitors pre
sently did : so much courage doth innocence and a good
cause always inspire ; so much authority, and suchra sort of
majesty did right and justice, honesty and loyalty, carry with
them : and so little could those, who were come on purpose
to invade them, withstand the surprise of their sudden and
unexpected appearance. Add to this, that though ' the
powers granted them by the ^ordinance had now plainly
made them superior to the whole university, yet none of
those then present having ever been in esteem, or in any
post of eminence before, they must probably be supposed to
have had an awe and reverence for the governors, and other
persons of character in the university, from which they
could not readily disengage themselves. Upon this the
vice-
* -See the same letter.

14 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
vice-chancellor, civilly moving his cap to them, said, " How
" do ye, Gentlemen ; 'tis past eleven o'clock ;" ahd so passed
on his way, without taking any further notice of them y
whilst the scholars applauding his conduct, with a general
hum, attended him : and the visitors, after they had reco
vered the fright of the beadles' staves, continued their route,
with a mob of boys and prest-men, to the Convocation-
house, where they laid their heads together for about an
hour, (as they did likewise several times afterwards) ; but
what passed was not made public at that time, and probably
never will, until that great and solemn visitation, wherein
all their deeds of darkness shall be laid open.
On tlie day following, or June 5, a committee of the Uni
versity met, and came to the following resolutions : " First,
" That no one should appear, unless the summons had five
" names to it. Secondly, That no one should appear on a
" holy-day. Thirdly, That he should demand by what
" authority he was summoned ; and, if denied an answer,
" should presently depart. Fourthly, That, if they declared
" their authority, he should answer with a salvis juribus
" regni, academia, fef collegii, &c. Fifthly, That he should
" demand his accusation in writing ; as also time to put in
" his answer ; and should return it in writing, and no other-
" wise. And, lastly, That he should utterly refuse to an-
" swer on oath, because that would be to accuse himself,
" and would plainly revive the oath ex officio, which their
" faftion had so loudly and clamorously decried."
What the visitors did, for about the space of ten weeks
after this, does not appear ; but it seems as though this first
assault had discovered to them both their own weakness
and the resolution of the defendants ; and that therefore
they found themselves under a necessity of making the bat
tle more strong ; which was accordingly done, August 26,
1647; by an additional ordinance, declaring, in the first
place, " That the cathedra'-church, or college of Christ-
" church, was subject to this visitation, in like manner as
" the rest of the colleges ;" and then farther ordaining,
" that the visitors should have power to administer (as well
" as inquire of ) the covenant and negative oath: that they
" should have power to demand and peruse the statutes, re-
" gisters, accompts, &c. and all other papers whatsoever, of
" the university or the respective colleges and halls ; and
" should have power to seize, and detain in custody, any
" person whatsoever, that, after a personal citation, should
" refuse

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 16
" refuse to produce these books or papers ; or any other
" members of the university, who should omit, or refuse to
" appear before them, after a second personal summons or
" citation :" directing them also " To impannel a jury or in-
" quest, to consist of members of this university above the
" age of 21, to inquire by oath on the articles founded upon
" the tenor of the first ordinance, (and to be approved by the
" committee of Lords and Commons, erected by that ordi-
" nance,) of any of the crimes therein mentioned ;" and,
provided also, that " Oliver St. John, the attorney-general,
" should prepare a commission, (for which they also em-
" powered him,) authorizing the persons (whom they had
" formerly named,) to visit the university, without any fur-
" ther warrant, according to the purport, of these two ordi-
" nances ; and empowering the commissioners of the Great
" Seal to affix the seal to such commission, when it should
" be prepared." Which horrible mockery was accordingly
effected the 27th of September following, in these words;
" Charles, by the grace of God, &c. To our trusty and well-
" beloved Sir Nathaniel Brent, &c." then reciting the ordi
nance for visiting the university ; and after adding, " Know
" ye, that we, intending the regulation and reformation of
" our university of Oxford," &c. Nor were they ashamed,
on the authority of this monstrous forgery, to proceed to the-
visitation. Such was the consummate hypocrisy and bare
faced villany of these pretended saints, who, while they were
hunting after the blood of their king, and were robbing his
most faithful subjects of their lawful rights, assumed the
sanction of his name as a plea for their proceedings.
But to return to the additional ordinance, which provided,
in the last place, " That the sheriffs, mayors, and other ma-
" gistrates, should be aiding and assisting fo the visitors, as
" they should have occasion.''
The same day, these farther instructions were issued,
" That the visitors should sit.de die in diem, to receive infor-.
" mations ; and that they should begin with the heads of
" houses, and the canons of Christ-church ; that they should
" take care that np one comprehended in the articles of sur-
" render should bear, any office in the university ; that t.hey
" should inquire who- were present in convocation when
-" the money was sent to his majesty ; and that they, should
" inquire on oath, what offences had been committed, and
" by whom, against the laws of this realm, or any of the
" statutes of the respective colleges." . .
September

is The 6xf0rd visitation.
September 24, The committee of Lords and Commons
came to a resolution, that the visitors should proceed to in
quire, examine, determine, &c. according to the tenor of
these ordinances : and being now furnished with new
powers, fresh instructions, and recruited with a supply of
some of their members, they returned to the charge with
greater vigour, and, according to the mode of the times, ap
pointed a fast; on which occasion Mr. Cornish and Mr.
Wilkinson, two of the body, preached ; but the latter, by
his abominable railing and invectives, drove every modest
person out of the church.
The same day, a paper, without any names, was affixed
to the doors of the university-church, giving notice, that
thenceforward the Visitation was to be de die in diem ; and
the following one, a citation was issued to all the heads of
houses, requiring them to bring in their statutes, registers,
accompts, and, ih a word,, all their public writings, to the
Warden's lodgings at Merton-college. And, the same day,
Dr. Fell, the most worthy vice-chancellor, was ordered to
appear before them, " to answer to such questions as they
" should demand of him ;" and required " to send by the
" hands of the persons who served those orders upon him,
" all the books, acts, &c. belonging to the university." At
the saine time the proctors were ordered to bring in their
"keys, books, and the other public things in their custody*
It is not enough to say, that all these orders were disobey
ed ; for they were also despised and contemned. This day,
likewise, the visitors appointed their spies and informers in
every college, whom they afterwards rewarded with the Fel
lowships of such as were ejected ; which may serve in some
measure to account for the characters of those who suc
ceeded the loyalists of this university ; since none but per
sons of the basest characters could have undertaken so vile a
service, especially considering they performed it effeftually,
and were of singular use to the inquisition.
About this time they dispatched one of their body to
London, for instructions how they were to behave them
selves with relation to the articles agreed on at the surrender
of the garrison ; and the 4th of October issued another
summons to Dr. Fell to appear on the 6th, and bring with
him the books and papers, as well of his own college as of
the university. At the time appointed the doctor attended,
•with some other heads of houses ; but, instead of bringing
their papers, they demanded to know by w!hat authority they

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 17
they were summoned. In return to which the visitors pro
duced the mock commission under the broad seal, and at the
same time served them with a citation to appear four days
after with their books and papers, or their reasons in writ
ing, which they refused so to do ; and Dr. Fell, the vice-
chancellor, was commanded to attend them again in the af
ternoon. The day following they sent for the keys of the
convocation-house and school, and the beadles' staves ; but
the respective officers returned for answer, that the vice-
chancellor had them. After this they adjourned the ap
proaching term from the 10th (when it ought, according to
statute, tobe opened,) to the 15th of that month. The same
day Mr. Wightwick, the master of Pembroke College, at
tended with his answer, in writing, to this effeft, " That
he had seen and considered their commission under the
broad seal ; but, having some scruples upon him, whether it
might be genuine or not, he desired liberty might be granted
him to wait upon his majesty in person, to know the truth
of that matter ; because, if it had been issued contrary to his
majesty's intentions, he could by no means submit to it,
under pain of falsifying the oaths he had taken to his
majesty, the university, and his own college." With so
much contempt and derision did the university continually
entertain them, although they knew it would cost them
their places, as it did Mr. Wightwick in particular, whom
they ejefted from his mastership the very next day, and
substituted Mr. Langley in his room.
The day following the proftors of the university appear
ed, and delivered a protestation in the name of the=vice-
chancellor and delegates themselves, and, all the scholars,
to this tenor, " That (with all due submission ta the par
liament) they could not own any visitor but the king ; and
that having sworn to maintain his rights, they could not,
without manifest perjury, submit themselves to this visita
tion, wherewith they desire them to acquaint the parlia
ment." The same day Dr. Fell, by an order^ affixed to the gates
of the schools, was deprived of his office of vice-chancellor,
under pretence of having been admitted to it by the incom
petent authority of the marquis of Hertford as chancellor,
(whom the parliament disowned in that capacity,) but in
truth for the stout opposition that he made to the visitors ;
and is besides, by another order, again summoned to bring
in the public books, &c. of his office ; and by a third, he is
Vol. 1. B declared

18 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
declared to be dismissed and stripped of his authority ;
and public notice is thereby given of it to the proctors, and
the other officers of the university, &c. that they may no
longer obey him as such. But neither himself, nor the
others concerned, paid any more regard to those orders than
to the former ; and therefore, on the llth of this month,
he proceeded to hold a congregation, and to open the term
as usual ; but the next day he was taken into custody, and
hurried prisoner to London by order of the parliament.
Immediately on this Dr. Potter of Trinity, the very day
after, had the courage to officiate in his room as pro vice-
chancellor. In the mean time, the morning that Dr. Fell
proceeded to open the term, the heads of houses again ap
peared as they had been required ; however, not with their
statutes, &c. (but with their reasons for not delivering them,
and their other books, &c. to the inquisitors,) which in one
word was, that " They could not do it without manifest
" perjury." At the same time some of the public lecturers
who had been sent for were acquainted, that they were now
no longer to look on Dr. Fell for their vice-chancellor ; and
that, the term being put off, they need not read.
At this time also Sir Nathanial Brent, and Mr. Henry
Wilkinson, were dispatched to London,, to give the com
mittee at London an account of what had been hitherto
done in the visitation. But when they came up, they were,
on the 30th of that month, called to give that account to both
houses of parliament ; who referred them back again to the
committee, which was empowered to hear, and finally to
determine the wjiole business.
About the beginning of the next month, Dr. Pink, the
very loyal warden of New College, died : whereupon the fel
lows were served with an order not to proceed to an election
of a new warden ; which occasioned their application to
Lord Say, and Nath. Fiennes, (who, being nearly related to
the founder, might- be supposed the fittest persons to under
take the patronage of the college,) that they would use their
endeavours to procure liberty for them to proceed to an
election ; but they had for answer, that they might choose
Mr. White of Dorchester, the notorious persecutor of the
orthodox clergy, if they pleased ; but if they offered to
come to an election, and make choice of any other person,
it would never be forgiven them.
November the 3d, the provost of Oriel appeared before
the visitors ; but, like the rest, without his statutes, books,,
6 papers,.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 19
papers, &c. and the day following Dr. Potter, the president
of Trinity, and pro vice-chancellor, (who had before been
summoned separately, but in vain,) Dr. Radcliffe, principal
of Brazen Noze ; Dr. Walker, master of University ; Dr.
Newlin, president of Corpus Christi College ; Dr. Oliver,
president of Magdalen College ; Dr. Langbaine, pf qvost of
Queen's ; Dr. Richard Gardiner, Dr. Robert Payne, Dr.
Thomas lies, canons of Christ Church ; Mr. Henry Tozer,
sub-rector of Exeter College ; and Mr. Waring, and Mr.
Hunt, the proctors, were all cited to appear, which they did
the next day ; and being called in severally, were all in
their turns asked, " Whether they owned the visitors power
" or not, and whether they approved of the judicium
" universitatis, &c. and the answer given by the proctors
" in the name of the whole university ? " To which they all
replied, " That these were public acts of the university, arid
" to them, as such, they referred themselves." Whereupon
every one of -them, as they went off, was served with a ci
tation* to appear before the committee for the reformation
ofthe university ; which they all accordingly did, (Dr. Wal
ker only excepted, who was indisposed,) the llth of that
month, in the painted chamber, as the citation had re
quired; but were at last put off till the 15th, when they
had a hearing before the committee, and some of the .visi
tors ; who were now no less busy in London, than they had
hitherto been at Oxford. Dr. Fellf, whom they had some
time before taken into custody, was first called ; and, after-
having been reproached by the Earl of Pembroke, in a very
unbecoming manner, such of the canons as had been sum
moned were also called for ; and, owning a paper which
they had returned for answer to the visitors, they were dis
missed : and the masters of Brazen Noze, Trinity, and
Queen's, were severally had in, who likewise owning these.
papers which were shewn them, the two proftors next ap
peared ; and these having also, owned the answer, which
some time before they had delivered to the visitors, in the
name of the whole university, tendered now another paper,
(in the name of all that had been cited to appear there,)
to the committee, setting forth, " That what they had
" hitherto done was not out of obstinacy, but conscience j
B 2 " and
• The same citation was issued for Dr. Bayly, president of St John's, and
Dr. Morley, canon of Christ Church ; but not being at that time in tbe
university, they could not be served with it. f Ibid. p. 393,

20 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
"and praying, that in an affair of so much consequence
" to themselves and the university, both at present and for
" the future, they might be allowed time to advise with
" counsel." This request was (chiefly by the endeavours of Mr.
Prynn) granted them ; and the rather, because he had as
sured the committee, " that no man alive could ever prove
" that the king was the visitor of the universityf ."
Meanwhile the university itself was not a little pleased
that their cause was at last put on this issue ; fearing lest
the question would have been, " Whether the kingly
" power was not virtually included in the parliament ? "
which they knew no lawyer durst venture, at that time,
publicly to gainsay. The persons before pitched upon for
their counsel, (should they be allowed the favour of having
any,) were Mr. afterwards Sir Matthew Hale, and Mr.
Chute, whom the visitors, (the morning after the liberty
was granted to the university,) chose for two oftheir coun
sel, on purpose to defeat the scholars of the assistance of
these great men. Ahd it was reported, that the same two
persons who were said to have put the visitors on that
practice, had also prevailed with the committee to revoke
their order of allowing counsel to the scholars ; but that
Mr. Selden (to his honour be it mentioned,) got them to
•alter that resolution. Those appointed by the university to
solicit and provide for the business of this great hearing,
were Dr. Morley of Christ Church, and Dr. Langbaine of
Queen's, to whom they added Mr. Thomas Barlow of
Queen's, and Mr. Timothy Baldwin of All Souls ; who, on
the day appointed for the hearing, alledged " that they
were altogether unprepared, the visitors having prevented
them in retaining their counsel ; and that they could get no
one to plead for them, unless the committee itself would ap
point and authorize them : whereupon, a debate arising,
Mr. Bradshaw, who was counsel for the visitors, began to
open the cause, and speak to the merits of it * ; but Mr.
Selden, who did the university many good offices, again in
terposed, and told him how unfair it was to offer to do such
a thing, before the gentlemen of Oxford had their counsel
ready ; and upon the question, it was carried (but by two
voices),
* At this time Dr. Morley spoke so very handsomely, and with so much
strength of argument, that h« won himself a very great esteem from every
one that heard him.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 2/
voices), that they should have counsel assigned them ;
which was accordingly done, (Mr. Hale and Mr. Chute
being named for two of them,) and that day se'ennight ap
pointed for the hearing.
Whilst these things were transacting, the delegates of
the university met, and came to a resolution, " That if any
" one should be again sent for by the visitors, and exa-
" mined, he should demand whether they had gotten any
" other commission than what they had already produced ;
" and, if they had, that they should desire to peruse
" it." Dr. Sanderson, (who was at that time his ma
jesty's professor of divinity, and had just then begun his
lectures on Salus Populi suprema Lex,) Dr. Henry Ham
mond of Christ Church, and Dr. Tolson, provost of Oriel,
were served with a summons to appear before the com
mittee at London ; as were likewise, soon after, all the other
heads of houses, and public officers not yet summoned, to
gether with all the delegates of the university, who failed
not to attend ; but were at last all sent home again, their
appearance by their counsel being for the present admitted
of as sufficient.
In this interval of time likewise the fellows of New Col
lege, without taking any notice of the prohibition of the
visitors, proceeded to the election of a warden ; and with
very little opposition, made choice of Dr. Henry Stringer
for that office.
At length the day of hearing, or rather of voting, which -
was the 9th of December, came ; when the counsel for
the university made a noble defence, to which those on
the other side took no great care to make any reply, well
knowing they could depend upon one from the committee,
which was accordingly returned in this vote, " That .the
" answer of the several heads of houses, and of others of
" the university, was derogatory to the authority of the
" parliament." The university could not but perceive that they must
at last be beaten out of all their holds ; notwithstanding
which they were resolved not to follow the example of the
garrison, but to dispute every inch of ground with the
assailants. The obstinacy wherewith they had defended
the point last mentioned, had gained them almost three
months time': and being at last overpowered, but not
beaten from that out-work, they applied themselves with
the same vigour and resolution to defend the body of the
B 3 place ;

22 THE OXFORD VISITATION,
place ; which, on the other hand, their adversaries, encou*
raged by success, set themselves as diligently to attack ;
and, sustained by their grand army ; the committee at Lon-!
don set them, the latter end of this month, to vote Dr. Fell
out of his deanery of Christ Church (as he had been before
out of his office of vice-chancellor), for contumacy against
the parliament ; and obtained the same sentence from them
against Dr. Oliver, president ¦ of Magdalen College ; Dr.
Potter, president of Trinity ; Dr. Bayly, president of St,
John's ; Dr. Radcliffe, principal of Brazen Nose ; and Dr.
Gardiner, Dr. lies, Dr. Morley, canons bf Christ Church.
But so little regard was had to these, or any other of their
orders, that having soon after enjoined Dr. Hammond, then
sub-dean of Christ Church, to publish this ejectment of Dr.
Fell from the deanery, he absolutely refused to do it. And
having repeated their deprivation of him from the office of
vice chancellor, and ordered it to be pasted against the walls
of the university, the younger scholars tore the papers down,
and with the utmost contempt and indignation trampled
them in the dirt.
January 22, 1647, the Commons received, and passed an
ordinance from the Lords, (set on foot by a report from the
reforming committee,) for making the earl of Pembroke
chancellor of Oxford. The earl had been displaced some
years before by the university ; and the houses finding it
absolutely necessary, iri order to reduce this university to
obedience, to have that great officer exercise his authority
among them in person ; that there might be no dispute
about his right on account of his former dismission, they
passed the ordinance now mentioned. This lord was of a
character altogether different from that of the earl of Man
chester, (to ^yhom the care of regulating the other university
had been committed :) lord Clarendon says of the earl of
Pembroke, that he was a man of " extreme weak under
standing," and that " he suffered himself to be made a pro-
" perty of in joining with Brent, Pryn, and some committee
men arid presbyterian ministers, as commissioners in the
parliament to reform, the discipline and erroneous doctrine of
that famous university.
The 9th of the following month, the committee ordered
Dr. Potter, the pro vice-chancellor, and Mr. Waring and
Mr. Hunt, the two proctors, into custody ; but the messen
ger who was sent down for them, was forced to return
tempty-handed, not being able to find them. Apd the 17th

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 23
or 1 8th of the same month, the House of Commons voted
Mr. Reynolds, one of the visitors, and Mr. John Cross of
Lincoln, and Mr. Ralph Button of Merton, proctors of the
university. And March 8, the lords ordered that the earl
of Pembroke should go to Oxford in person ; and, with the
usual solemnities *, repossess himself of his chancellor's
office, create Mr. Reynolds D. D. and put him and the new
proftors in possession of their offices ; and, what was more
to Mr. Reynolds's purpose, put him likewise in possession
of the deanery and lodgings of Christ-church ; and Mr.
Rogers, Mr. Henry Wilkinson senior, and Mr. Langley,
into the canonries of Dr. Gardiner, Dr. Ties, and Dr. Mor
ley ; and to give possession likewise to t'i.ose new heads who
had been appointed by the reforming committee. The new
officers, delegates, (or informers,) had also power given them
to confer degrees, and to expel from the convocation such
as refused to own the visitation. And because their orders
had been hitherto contemned, a. messenger was sent down
(March 17) to take those refraftory heads of houses and
canons into custody ; who, refusing to give up their places
by a vote, still presumed to keep possession of them. But
timely notice being given of what was done, the messenger
went back to London without them. At the same time the
committee condescended to order up the sturdy beadles be
fore them, complaint having been made, that they refused'
to appear, or to officiate under the new magistrates ; as they
did also, on a like complaint, those who had the keeping of
the insignia, &c. of the university, and had refused to deliver
them up. And Dr. Oliver, president of Magdalen College,
still continuing to officiate as pro vice-chancellor, they sent
him positive orders to desist, or threatened to take him into
custody ; and repeated their orders, (seconded likewise by
those of the visitors to the same effect,) to Dr. Potter, Dr.
Radcliffe, Dr. Bayly, Dr. lies, and Dr. Gardiner, with the
like menaces : but it is uncertain whether any of them
obeyed. The same day, the visitors published a citation, in
the form of a viis & modis to bring in those who had hi
therto refused obedience to such injunctions as had been
sent them: whereupon several of them appeared the 21st
of that month, but still without giving them those answers
which they looked for. Among these were Dr. Pitt, the
B 4 warden
* See Wood, Ant  Cant. t,. i. p. 4051.

24 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
warden of Wadham, and Mr. Henry Tozer, the- very wor
thy sub-reftor of Exeter College, against whom some of the
informers of that house had furnished the visitors with se
veral matters of accusation : whereupon he desired time to
put in his answer ; which being granted him, he returned
the 27th (now 1648) of that month, and disowned their au
thority ; as at the same time Dr. Sheldon, the warden of All
Souls, did likewise ; Dr. Hammond, then sub-dean of
Christ-church, appearing that day also, told them, " he did
" not think himself obliged to answer their questions as they
proposed them." By which wary answer, as he did effec
tually elude the intent of their sending for him, so he meant
to cut off all occasions which they might have to take hold
of him, had they proceeded with any manner of regard to
law or equity : but they were so far from being held with
these cobwebs, that the whole session (after the interrup
tion of it, whilst the main cause was depending before the
committee,) was even, according to their own principles, a
perfect nullity ; their court being plainly lost and dropped,
since they had omitted regularity to adjourn themselves
from time to time, which not only their own commission,
but the forms and manner of all courts, required them
to do.
But though they had neither law nor equity, they had
power with them, especially after the commons had, on
March 23, desired the general to let them have a guard: and
that as they contrived it, stood in the stead of both the
other. Accordingly, March the 30th, the committee (on
the representation of the visitors), proceeded to order Dr.
Sheldon out of the wardenship of All Souls, for contumacy
against the parliament ; as they did likewise Dr. Hammond,
Dr. Wall, and Dr. Payne, out of their canonries of Christ
church ; and the first of them also out of his office of pub
lic orator. And the parliament having now passed an ordi
nance, (for they found that the bare orders ofthe committee
and visitors signified very little,) to deprive Dr. Fell of his
deanery ; the visitors, pursuant to it, issued their commands
to the dean to quit his lodgings, and to give them up to Mr.
Reynolds, and these commands were pasted up to the doors ;
but Mrs. Fell (for the Dr. himself was still in custody,) took
no manner of notice of them.
About the same time the visitors ordered all the scholars,
who expected any benefit from the articles of surrender, to
lay their cause, together with their reasons, before them ;
which,

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 25
which, to avoid the trouble of hearing them one by one,
they required them all to subscribe with their names; and to
commit the care of pleading their cause to four or five such
persons as they should think fit to name; appointing first the
6th of April, and afterwards tlie 8th of May for a hearing.
March the 31st, the committee at London farther ordered
that no one who had hitherto, or should for the future op
pose or disown the power of the parliament to visit the uni
versity, should have any vote either tn convocation or con
gregation. The day after the visitors had received instruc
tions to put in execution the orders of the committee of
March 30, before mentioned, they went, though it was-
then Easter Eve, with a guard of musqueteers to Christ
church, and by a messenger, accompanied by one of the sol
diers, sent for Dr. Hammond to appear immediately before
them in the hall, and acknowledge himself deprived of his
canonry and his office of public orator ; they did the same
to some others of the canons ; but none of them appearing,
(Dr. Wall only excepted, who afterwards was, on his submis
sion, restored to his canonry,) they contented themselves
with publishing a citation, commanding the canons, students,
and all other members of that house, to appear before them
the Monday following in the dean's lodgings ; but when the
day came, they found it would have been wisely done, if
they had first of all been sure to get admittance there them
selves ; for finding the doors locked and barred against
them, they were obliged to send for a party of the garrison
to break them open ; and Mrs. Fell being in the parlour,
they advised her peaceably to quit the lodgings, and not pro
voke the parliament, lest her husband should fare the worse
for it. But the good lady, who was withal a woman of sin
gular courage and vivacity, no way moved, either by their
threats or promises, refused to stir one foot : whereupon they
left a guard there, who afterwards had well nigh effefted
the visitors intension of dispossessing her, by fume of
their filth and tobacco. In the mean time, that which proved
a greater disappointment to them was, that not a single
canon, or any other scholar, appeared there pursuant to the
citation, two or three of the infamous informers only ex
cepted. The same day they affixed to the lodgings of All Souls the
ejectment of Dr. Shelden, the warden ; and published the
e leftibn of Mr. John Palmer in his room, \vho being Bach. of

26 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
of physic,and at that time amemberof parliament, was utterly
incapable, by statute, of holding the wardenship.
The day after- they went to the lodgings of Dr. Newlin,
then president of C. C. C. and pro vice-chancellor, in hopes
of meeting with the books, seals, keys, beadles-staves, &c.
and finding those doors shut against them likewise, they
broke them open, as they had before the dean's lodgings at
Christ-church, but missed of their booty ; which was the
greater disappointment, because the new chancellor, some
time before, giving them notice of his approach, had ordered
them by all means to secure these deposita and ensigns of go
vernment. The same day they sent to Dr. Saunders, the
provost of Oriel, to know whether he submitted to their
authority ; who, without returning them any answer, forth
with left the university. The next day, by a paper affixed
to the gate of the schools, and other public places, they cited
to appear before them on the day following, in the convoca
tion house, Dr. Potter, Dr. Newlin, pro vice-chancellor, the
two proftors, the delegates appointed some time before, to
give in the answer of the university to the visitors ; and in a
word, all who claimed any right of voting in the convoca
tion ; and this with a particular view of seizing by that
means the insignia of the university, which were so much
wanted to introduce and receive the chancellor in such
manner as the parliament had directed. But they were dis
appointed in this contrivance likewise ; for, besides Dr. Paul
Hood, rector of Lincoln, and about ten masters, none ap
peared who had any thing to do in convocation. Notwith
standing they proceeded to publish the deprivations of the
vice-chancellor, the pro vice-chancellor, and the two proc
tors ; which being done, Mr. Smith of Magdalen College
stood up, and demanded of them, " by what authority they
sat there," and declared himself surprized to find " that
" no one protested against what was done." However, the
visitors took no other notice of him, than by whispering to
each other, that " he was cracked and a madman ;" and, to
say the truth, he was not much better, although there was
something in what he told them himself some time after,
npon another occasion, that evinced " he was no more mad
" than themselves."
This continued obstinacy of the university made- it
altogether necessary for the chief officer to hasten his ap
proach.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 27
proach*. In order to which he now set out from his seat of
Ramesbury, and the new vice chancellor, after having pre
pared matters in the best manner that they could for his re
ception, the new proctors and heads, some country ministers
of their own stamp, and some lookers on-f- ; in all to the num
ber of about a hundred, went as far as Abingdon to meet
him. I shall account for the procession which they made,
in the words of one of the gentlemen of Oxford, who was at
that time a spectator ; and the rather, because it will help to
give the reader a just notion of that contempt and derision
wherewith the university constantly looked upon these re
formers. " Tuesday, April the 1 1th, the longlegged piece
" of impertinency (which they miscall chancellor) was to be
" brought with state into Oxon. To this end these few in-
" considerable and ill-faced saints hired all the hackneys in
" town, which were basely bad, yet good enough for them.
" Out they went, and met the Hoghen Moghen, I told you
" of. What courtship passed between them at meeting, how
" he swore at them, and they said grace at him, how many
" zealous faces and ill-legs they made, and at what distance,
" I know not : a long time they were about it. At last they
" came, and the governor and his regiment meets them at
" Fryer Bacon's study, where you might have seen the pres-
" byterian and independent agreed against the poor Chris-
" tians of Oxon. In the mean time Thomas. Smith, of Mag-
-" dalen college; had an excellent design ; he would ride in
" with them too ; and that he might have suitable accommo-
" dation, would needs borrow an ass J; nay, an ass he would
" have, and ride in next before the chancellor : and when
" they told him it was a mad trick, he told them no, for he
" knew there would be many asses besides his §. Now they
" came ! they came ! and indeed it was such a miserable pa-
" geant as I never saw. Had you seen tall Pembroke in the
" midst of those little inspired Levites, you would have sworn
" you had seen Saul once more among the prophets. Along
" they came without any respect from those in the streets ||,
" which
* Wood, Ant. Lib. i. p. 399. and Letter at the end of Pegasus, p. 1.
f Together with some justices of the peace, beingMhen the quarter sessions.
j Pegasus, or the flying horse from Oxford, p. 1, 2, 3. wrote by Mr. Tho
mas Barlow. See Wood, Ant. Lib. 1. p. 406.
§ Which in fa<St he did, and came in with the cavalcade. See Wood, Ant
JLib. 1. p. 399.
|j With drums beating, and colours flying. Wood, Ant. Lib. 1. p. 399.

28 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
" which were not many ; not a cap or knee from them, but
"• frowns and curses ; and it was a wonder (but that
"sthat the soldiers guarded them,) if they had not welcomed
" them with old eggs and apples. Aron Rogers, Langley
" and squint-eyed Greenwood were the chief men ; what
" the worst were, when these were the best, you may judge ;
" arid with them about ten or twelve scholars more*, fresh
K men and all, only they were interlarded with some country
" parsons, who "brought their sons for fellowships, and so
" worshipped the beast for their profit."
" All that saw these dragooners in divinity, upon these
" miserable hacknies, with suitable looks and gestures, ima-
" gined that some ill-faced mayor of some beggarly town had
" been brought in by the mechanical clowns of the place.
" They were riow almost at Merton College gate, when
" Mr. Cheynell begins an f oration in English, they cannot
" speak Latin by the spirit, delivers him in the name of the
" university ; (a lying Levite, whom the university sent not;)
" 1st, a key of the convocation ; 2dly, a seal ; (a counterfeit
" one, for the true ones are safe enough ;) 3dly, a bible ^;
" and when he came to that, he was inspired, and spoke
" fast, and much of it : and you may easily believe that he
" would not quickly have done with the bible §, who will
" hold
• As the earl passed by Christ-church, some of the scholars who could not
get horses, met him before the gate; and one of them entertained him with an
English speech, which was forced to have one good quality of being very
short ; because the chancellor was then on horseback, and it rained. See it,
Wood, Ant. Lib. I. p. 400. Another piece of eloquence in the same language
was also designed him, if the envious rain had not prevented ; wherein the
era-tor would have told him, among other things, " That he might see how
" the scholars already flung up their caps ; and were it not for that they kept
" both the one and the other to run before his lordship, they would even fling
" off tlieir heads and their beets for joy." Ibid.
f See the speech at large. Wood, Ant. Lib, 1. p. 400.
\ An English bible, because, as he told him in his speech, the protestants
had translated the bible into English, without liturgy or apocrypha, both which
were also, no doubt, popish. See letter at the end of Pegasus, p. 8, and that
part of the speech in Wood, ubi supra.
§ This favour of the English bible was, after by the earl, over paid in a
present to the public library, of the great bible (then) lately published in
France, which was in their sense, such a noble and unparalleled benefaction, a*
swallowed up all the others that had ever been made to it ; not excepting that
of Sir Thomas Bodley himself, who had hitherto been called the founder, and
whose immortal name these wretches endeavoured therefore to obliterate ;
Mr. Corbet, on this Cimelion of the bible, " new christening the whole fa-
brick from Bodleiana to Pembrochiana ; but by the same figure, saith my au
thor, that Burton the mock-pro6lor had called the earl himself, in his speech,
" Ziteratissimui omnium qui tieademium unquam intrarunt." Letter at the end of
Pegasus, p. 1 a

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 29
" hold out three hours on one poor text. He sadly com-
" plained to his lordship of all sorts of people, especially of
" the beadles, foi neglecting their duty ; that they came not
" and bowed their knee to Baal, nor worshipped the calf
" which they had set up."
" He told his lordship, they were very malignant, and
" their staves stained with a double* guilt, witty Mr. Chey-
" nell. Well, think what you will, I am sure that was in-
" tended for a jest. Dixit. Mr. Cheynell hath done ; my
" lord bows his body, but wisely says nothing ; then down
" comes my lord, goes into the college at the entrance :
" their designed proctor, Button, makes, a Latin speech to
"-his lordship \, which he understood as much as his horse,
" Mr. Cheynell's English one. This done, my lord is for
" the chamber, and those Levites, who on hacknies manned
" him down the street, ride back again through the high
" street, where they were hissed and hooted at."
The next morning % the earl, attended with his double
guard df dragoons, the visitors, and a stout party of the
soldiers of the garrison, went first to the lodgings at Christ
church, where, after having in vain advised Mrs. Fell
peaceably to quit them, and for her refusal given her some
ill language, the soldiers took her up in the chair as she
sat, and carried her out into the quadrangle, as they did
likewise the rest of the gentlewomen and children of the
family ; in all, to the number of about fourteen persons :
from thence they went to the hall ; and having seized the
buttery book, they struck out Dr. Fell's name, and inserted
in the room of it that of Mr. Reynolds. They did the
same by Dr. Hammond, then sub-dean and public orator,
Dr. Gardiner, Dr. Rayne, Dr. Wall, Dr. lies, and Dr.
Morley ; placing in their stead Mr. Corbet, whom they also
made orator, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Mills, judge advocate in the
rebel army, Mr. Cornish, Henry Wilkinson sen. and Mr.
Langley, whilst Dr. Sanderson was as yet spared, because
he was out of town when the last summons had been issued.
That day they also held their first convocation, of which
the gentleman before mentioned gives an account in these
words : ~" Afternoon a convocation is called by a fellow, " they
* Alluding to the gilt ftaves of the superior beidles, and the plain filver one
of the order.
f Wood, Ant. Lib. I. p. 400.
| Wood, Act. Lib. I. p. 401.

80 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
" they called beadle ; he came into our college with his
" hands in his pockets (staff he had none ;) in the middle
" of the quadrangle pulls out a paper, puts on his spec-
" tacles, and read the form in Latin, though it is certain
" he understood no good English ; Langley was the man, a
" taylor, and instead of per fidem, per fidem, per fidem, called
" it provided, provided, provided. Afternoon they advanced
" towards the schools ; there marched before his lord-
" ship, four fellows in gowns, ill-faced, heads bare, hands
" in their pockets : these went for beadles ? After these
" my lord and the rabble : To the convocation they
" came, where there appeared not above thirteen or four-
" teen who had votes ; yet the house was full of people,
" bachelors, fresh men, townsmen, serving men, all came in
" and sat where once gallant men did."
The business they did was to publish and put in execu
tion the orders of parliament for making Mr. Reynolds *,
their new dean of Christ-church, vice-chancellor, and what
no king or emperor had ever undertaken, doctor of divinity;
and Mr. Cross and Mr. Burton pro&ors of the university. They
took to themselves likewise the best degrees and titles of learn
ing, which they had an opportunity of doing at a cheap and ea
sy rate; for it was very observable, that no one doctor of divi
nity, old John Wilkinson only excepted, nor anyone doctor in
either ofthe other faculties, exceptSir Nathaniel Brent, out of
this whole university, was as yet among them : nor could the
authority of the chancellor, now he appeared in person, bring
in anymore ofthe doctors, or heads of houses, thanDr.Zouch
of Alban-hall, Dr. Herbert Pelham, both doftors of law,
Dr. Paul Hood, the rector of Lincoln-college, and afterwards
Dr. Wall of Christ-church, doctors in divinity. So that to
the perpetual shame of those invaders, and the no less ho
nour of the then members of the university, they were not
only forced to create a man doctor of divinity, on purpose
that they might have one of that degree to undergo the of
fice of vice-chancellor ; but were necessitated likewise to
bestow that and other degrees on the rest of their creatures,
so as well to enable them to bear the posts allotted to them
with a better grace, and to do what honour they could to
themselves ; since they saw themselves generally contemned and
* Who took an oath to observe the statutes, &e of the university, subjefi to
the authority of parliament. Wood, Ant. Lib. I. p. 401.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. Si
and despised. Accordingly, in this convocation *, besides
their new vice-chancellor, Mr. Harris and Mr. Corbet, two
ofthe visitors, were created doctors in divinity; Mr. Palmer,
their intended warden of All Souls, doctor of physick ; and
Mr. Langley, Mr. Cornish, Mr. Cheynell, and Mr. J. Wil-
kins, bachelors of divinity ; the two former, together with
Mr. Corbet and Mr. Rogers, being that morning made ca
nons of Christ-church, and the two last designed the next
day for the headships of St. John's and Wadham colleges ; for
as yet they were but masters of arts : and to finish the infa
my of their proceedings, great part of them were transacted
and registered in English ; and an order was made, that for
the future the acts of convocation should be always published
in that language.
The next morning, April 13, the earl, the visitors, and
the guard of musqueteers, without the latter of which it
would have been in vain at least, if not dangerous, to have
attempted any thing, went to Magdalen-collegef ; and though
all the fellows. Sec. had been cited, but ^ one single person
appeared ; save that Thomas Smith before-mentioned, whom
they afterwards sent to Bridewell, came into the hall, and.
asked the earl " what he had to do there."
Dr. Oliver, the very worthy president, was then abroad
on his progress ; but that mattered not : for having obtained
the buttery-book, they struck his name out of it, and insert
ed that of old John Wilkinson, one of the visitors, and
principal ofthe adjoining hall, in its place. They then broke
open the lodgings, and gave Dr. Wilkinson the full posses
sion of them, and orderedDr. Oliver's moveables into the safe
custody of those good keepers, the soldiers, who attended,
because the doors had not" been set wide open, when they
came to plunder away his headship.
The same day, and in the same way of violence, they
ejected Dr. Sheldon from All Souls, Dr. Pitt from Wad
ham, Dr. Potter from Trinity, Dr. Bailey from St. John's,
and Dr. Radcliffe from Brazen Nose ; substituting with the
like rrietbods of violence, in the first of these colleges, their
new § Dr. Palmer, just now mentioned ; in the second, Mr.
John
* Wood, Ant. Lib. I. p. 402. Pegafus, p. 3.
f Wood, Ant. Lib. I. p. 402, 403, 404, 405.
\ As neither did any of the fellows of All Souls, Wadham, or Brazen Nofe,
on the like fummons the fame day. See Pegafus, p. 4, 5.
§ Whom, faith the letter at the end of Pegasus, p. 7, " The committee had
" long before voted to succeed to this wardenship, when Dr. Sheldon should be
" guilty

32 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
John Wilkinson; in Trinity-college, Mr. (but their) Dr.
Harris; and in St. John's and Brazen Nose, Mr. Cheynell
and Mr. Greenwood.
This was surely a good day's work. But alas ! such was
the obstinacy of the university, that they found they had
but too much reason to think they should be forced to do
over .again, all that they had been doing this and the preced
ing day ; for though they were so diligent as to work by
candle-light, it^being night when they came to Brazen Nose,
yet they might have left off this evening where they be
gan the morning of the day before, sOme of the students
of Christ-church having taken the buttery-book, almost as
soon as they had turned their backs, and, boldly cut out of
it all the names which the chancellor and visitors had with
so much trouble and difficulty inserted ; insomuch that they
were forced to take the other walk to Christ-church the next
morning ; and in the same manner as they had done before,
write in again the names of their new dean and cations ; and
whilst this was doing, one of the commoners of the house
going into the college, found a guard at the great gate. And
being refused entrance, the gentleman asked them " if their
" masters were ashamed to let the people see what they were
" doing within ?" Upon which he was immediately taken
up and sent to prison.
And thus the earl having fully executed his commission,
" is dismissed frofn his office of petty constable, under
" Justice Cheynell *," and sets out for London, where he is
thanked, April 21, by the House of Commons for his good
services, in " settling the university of Oxford f ." At the
same time the House of Commons being probably informed
by the earl, Mr. Cheynell and Mr. Willkinson sen. two of
the visitors who were likewise got to London, that the uni
versity utterly refused to submit to the visitation, were forced
to alter their whole project ; and instead of the covenant,
directory, and negative oath, the engines whereby at first
they thought to have ruined them, and out of the reach of
which the scholars kept themselves, either by not appearing, or
" guilty of contempt: Whereupon he not throwing himself into that crime
" which they decreed he should be guilty of, was an affront to the voters, a
« denial of their prophetic faculty, and sure, a contempt of their authority,
' who had so absolutely decreed, ante laffim, that he should contemn and
" perish tor it.
* Letter at the end of Pegasus, p. 9, n.
t Whitl. Mem. p. 301. Wood, Ant. Lib, I. p. 405.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. SS
or by flatly disclaiming the power of the visitation, were
forced to ply upon them those of non-appearance and con
tempt of the parliament : and therefore, as the last and final
result, they now resolved, " That the visitors should cite all
" the officers, fellows of houses, &c. of this university ; and
" that such as refused to appear, or, on their appearances, to
" submit to the visitors, shouM by them be suspended from
" their places, and returned to the committee, who were
" authorized to eject them from their fellowship, and expel
" them from the university ; and that the heads, on the sig-
" nification of such sentence to them by the committee,
" should, in conjunction with the visitors, first proceed to
" put ofhers in their places." They likewise resolved, at the
same time, " That the bursars should make no dividends
" till they had orders from the committee ;'that the tenants
" should pay their rents to the heads appointed by the au-
" thority of parliament; and that these votes be printed."-
April 15. Aprogramma was affixed to the gates ofthe
several colleges, forbidding the use of the Common Prayer,
and enjoining that ofthe Directory. Soon after * they order
ed the several bursars to carry in their books, rentals, &c. to
the new heads which had been thrust on the colleges, by
the methods of violence just now mentioned ; but it does
not appear that any of them obeyed that order, and there
fore a more general one was issued to all the bursars to bring
in their books, &c. to the visitors, April 28, in the fore
noon ; but not a single person among them all appearing;
they dispatched a sort of an apparator of their own, accom
panied by a soldier as a messenger ; for the new beadles ut
terly refused to undertake it, unless they might have a guard
in quest of them ; but none of them were to be found, save
that in the mean time one ofthe bursars of St. John's college
and one of Brazen Nose appeared, and pleaded, that the ren
tals, &c. were not in their custody. And in- the afternoon
Mr. Anthony Chibnaland Mr. John Harris, bursars of Mag
dalen-college, whom they had gotten served with a viis ei
modis, came likewise, together vyith both the bursars of St.
John's and the senior dean, but still without their accounts,
rentals, keys, &c. and desired farther time to consider of
that order, which was granted them until May 3. The first of
which
* Wood, Ant Lib. I.p, 40 ;, 40
C '

34 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
which month they wisely spent in preventing May-poles, and
pulling down the green boughs which the children or others
had gathered to set up over their doors. But they
soon after employed another day to more purpose ; which
was, forbidding the booksellers to print or sell such pam
phlets as had hitherto accounted for their proceedings, of
which they might very well be ashamed. Among those
published about that time * were Mercurius Academicus,
said to be wrote by Dr. Swadlin of St. John's ; Pegasus, or
the Flying-Horse from Oxon, by Mr. Thomas Barlow;
Pegasus taught to Dance to the Tune of Lachrymas, said to
be done by Mr. (after Dr.) Thomas Pierce of Magdalen ;
News from Pembroke and Montgomery, or Oxford Man-
chester'd, &c. reported to be by Mr. John Birkinhead of
All Souls ; the Owle at Athens, in Latin doggrel verse ; the
Oxford Tragi-Comedy, in heroic Latin verse, by Ad. Lit
tleton of Christ-church ; Hallifax Law at Oxon ; Lord have
Mercy upon us; Luna asstiva solstitialis et Rustica Acade
mia Oxon; Nuper Visitat. Descriptio, in doggrel Latin verse,
by Dr. John Alibond, formerly of Magdale n-college.
What became of the bursars on the third of this month
does not appear ; but the visitors, who could not vet, with
out some consideration, look on themselves as really those
officers and heads which the usurped authority of the par
liament had made them, so much forgot themselves in the
order for their appearance, that they appointed them and
Mr. Gisby, the senior dean of St. John's, to come to the vice-
chancellor's lodgings at Merton, of which college Mr. Rey
nolds was indeed fellow, and where they were sitting at the
time when that order was made. This blunder the last-
mentioned person took hold of ; and, on the day appointed,
came to Merton, and inquired for the " vice-chancellor's
" lodgings ;" but no such lodgings being to be found, Mr.
Reynolds having long before removed from that college to
the dean's lodgings at Christ Church, in the manner as al
ready mentioned, he went away again, and took no farther
notice of their order.
Having now gone through with the public officers of the
university, condemned the whole body in their represen
tatives, placed in their new vice-chancellor and proctors,
ejected several of the more eminent heads of houses, and
gotten
» Wood, Ant, p. 406, 407.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. U
-gotten possession of their respective colleges in the manner
before related ; they began, pursuant to the last-mentioned
•orders of the House, to be more particular, and to cite the
inferior members of the several colleges before them ; not
only the fellows and scholars of houses, but the gentlemen-
commoners, commoners, servitors, and even the meanest of
the college servants, butchers, cooks, and porters ; many of
whom they afterwards ejected also. It would be endless to
recite the particulars of their proceedings of that kind r let
it suffice in general to add, that at least 180, and perhaps
more, had either withdrawn themselves, or refused to ap
pear ; and that about 676 of the several colleges, including
several college-servants, &c. exclusive of Pembroke College,
Magdalen, and New Inn halls, whither great numbers of
Cambridge men had resorted, who were in expectation of
the vacant fellowships, appeared ; out of which no less than
548 either flatly disowned, or refused to own, in such a
manner as was expected, the authority of the visitation ;
which, added to the 180 who refused to appear, &c. and
about 1 5 heads of houses and canons of Christ Church not
included, make in all 743 who disclaimed the authority of
the parliament ; and, by consequence, but 128, out of 856,
submitted to it. These came at different times, and in
various numbers, from May 2, 1 648, to the 1 4th of July
following, and gave no small trouble to the visitors at their
several appearances, as may be well imagined : for of 3 1 of
Magdalen College, who appeared at one time, not a single
person of them all acknowledged the visitation ; of 54 of
Christ Church, who came at another time, the odd four
only submitted. At All Souls, it is said that one only of all
the fellows owned their authority ; of St. John's, but 3 out
of 35 ; of New College, but 1 out of 52 ; of Corpus Christi
College, but 1 among 25; and but 1 out of 18, at Brazen
Nose : but 4 out of 41, at Queen's ; but 2 out of 13, at
Wadham ; at Jesus, not one of 17 ; and but 1 out of 16 at
Baliol, and he was the worthy cook. But it must be known,
that though so many refused to own the visitors authority
at their first appearances, some of them afterwards, compa
ratively- few, made their submission, and by consequence
their peace.
It must be also known, that those who refused to acknow
ledge the power of the parliament, to visit them, did not
all deliyer their answers in the same form. Some of them,
C 2 indeed,

36 THE OXFORD VISITATION./
-indeed, flatly denied the visitors authority; others sub
mitted to the king and parliament jointly ; a third sort de
sired farther time to put in their answers ; others referred
themselves to the answer given in by the delegates of the
university long before. And there were some who pleaded
that they could not submit to the visitors, because, being
clergymen, they were expressly disabled, by a statute of this
very parliament, from acting in that or any other secular
commission ; besides which, some other excuses were alledged
for non-submission. It was plain enough, from each of
these answers; that those who gave them would not own ,the
authority of those invaders. However, the manner in
which they delivered them put the reformers under fresh
difficulties ; and therefore, Henry Wilkinson senior dis
patched to the above committee to have their opinion
whether the four last answers, as well as the first, did not
render those who made them guilty of non-eubmission ;
which the committee soon determined in the affirmative,
and at the same time ordered all of them, about 334, to be
both deprived of their fellowships, and expelled the univer
sity ; which sentence was afterwards executed upon almost
every single person. Not long after, injunctions were dis
patched to the visitors, to eject from their places, and ex
pel from the university, all who refused submission ; and
a power was likewise given to call the soldiers of the gar
rison to their assistance, if it should be found necessary.
However, the execution of that sentence was deferred for
some time ; nor werg/they at last all turned out together,
but by piece-meal; 'Whether the visitors might think the
ejecting -so many at once would create more odium than
they deemed i,t necessary to bring upon themselves, or
whether they did not readily know how to supply their
places, or whether they were willing to try if some of th^m
might not, in the mean time, be brought to submit, or for
what other-reasons, it is not determined.
We must not omit, on this occasion, as a farther instance
of that contempt wherewith the university always looked
upon these plunderers, to take notice of some particular
answers given in at these appearances. Mr. Jo. Pistwich, of
All Souls, returned his answer in the words of Job, chap. 27,
2, 3, 4, 5. " All the while my breath, &c. God forbid that
" I should justify you ; till I die I will not remove my in-
" tegrity from me." Mr. Whitehall, of Christ Church, told

THE OXFORD VISITATION. S7
told them, " His name (Whitehall) shew'd, that none but
" the king had any thing to do with him," though he after
wards submitted, and even took a fellowship under them.
Mr. Carrick, another of the students of that house, an
swered them, in allusion to their own formal cant, in this
manner, " I profess unto you, I will not submit ; yea, I say
" unto you, I will not submit." A young gentleman of
Trinity College told them, " He would submit to them,
" provided they would submit to the king ;" for which
reply they inquired out, and expelled Mr. Lydall his tutor :
And Mr. Hughes, of Jesus, boldly told them, " That he
" scorned to submit, though it should cost him his life ;
" neither could he, as a member of the university, or of the
" college, own the present parliament, or the pretended
" power they derived from them." Mr. Pitt, a commoner
of Queen's, delivered in his answer in writing, subscribed
with his own name: " In return to the citation of those
" who falsely call themselves visitors of this university, I
" answer, that I neither will, nor can, without injury to my
" king and conscience, submit to this visitation, or own
" those for visitors whom his majesty has so justly declared
" to be enemies."
Pursuant to the orders of the house of commons, before
mentioned, those wfio thus declined to appear, or, when
they appeared, refused to submit to, the visitation, were by
the visitors returned to the committee, who, without delay,
voted "their expulsion, and delivered them back again to
„ the visitors to execute that sentence upon them, which was
-afterwards faithfully performed ; but, as it has been as
serted, in such.numbers, and at such convenient'distances of
•time as they saw fitting. How many of the members of
this university were utterly expelled in this manner ; and
of those again, how many were on the several founda
tions, and either fellows or scholars of houses, will be enu
merated in another place ; but it will be requisite here to
take notice in general, that, besides the vice-chancellor and
proctors, they dismissed about ten of the professors and
public lecturers, and spared not a single head of any college
in the whole university, those of Lincoln and Queen's Col
leges only excepted ; the former of which at last complied
with, if he did not submit to their power. It appears from
Wood, the committee had, by the middle of 1648, voted
out at one tinie 334, at another 46, at a third time 1 80, who
C 3 were

38 THE OXFORDT VISITATION.
were all either absent or had refused to appear; and at a fourth
time 22 more, besides about 15 heads of houses, and canons
of Christ Church, already mentioned ; which in all make
near 600 ; and possibly, since the number of those who at
first disowned the visitation, was, as stated before, at least 743,
the committee had then, or did afterwards, vote out more
than Wood has mentioned, which will be thought the more
probable from this circumstance, that the visitors, as appears
by their own register, executed the sentence of ejectment
on no less than 577 ; and, by other notices, it is reasonable
to believe that they ejected near 650, if not many more :
so that, as the writer of Dr. Allestry's Life observes, " Within
" the compass of a few weeks an almost general riddance
" was made of the loyal university of Oxford." And again,
" those of the ancient stock, who were spared upon this
" trial, were afterwards cast off upon the second test of the
" engagement ; till, in. the end, there were left very few le-
" gitimate members in any ofthe colleges." To which must
be added that of Wood, who, speaking of the year 1648,
saith, "This year the generality of the heads of houses,
" professors and lecturers, doctors and bachelors of divinity,
" masters and bachelors of arts, under-graduates, beadles,
" college servants, and sometimes bed-makers and scrapers
" of trenchers, to the number of several hundreds, were
" thrown out of their respective places, and soon after
" banished the university by the visitors, for not submit-
" ting to their power from parliament, and acknowledging
" their covenant." And so general was the riddance, that at
Corpus Christi College, of 46 members, including chap
lains, &c. they left but 4 or 5 ; and at University College,
but one single person of the whole foundation. It must be
also known, that many of those thus ejected were, by special
and particular orders, and all of them at length by several
general ones, expelled the university, as well as turned out
of their respective colleges. And lastly, it must be noted,
that as the opposition which they met with from the uni
versity had obliged them to alter their scheme, and proceed
against the members of it for contumacy, instead of the
covenant, negative oath, &c. so almost all these were ac
cordingly turned out for that supposed crime ; although,
adds Div Walker, I have now before me the copy of a
paper returned by the delegates for New College, wherein
they not only marked down, at the several names respec-
8 tively,

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 39,
tively, absence and non submission, but also these words,.
scandalous, dangerous ; and to one in arms, a plunderer, a
swearer, and a contentious person : and probably the like
was done for other colleges.
Concurrent with these citations and expulsions were some
other proceedings of the committee and visitors, which
must be accounted for ; as must likewise several of their
orders, which were subsequent to them, and altogether
necessary to render them effectual ; for though their pro
ceedings with the public officers of the university and the
principal heads of houses, and their possessing themselves
of the public offices, and the chiefest of the colleges, might
well be thought to have discouraged the inferior members
from making any farther opposition, yet the event shewed
the contrary ; and the fellows and scholars of houses con
tinued, after the example of their principal officers, tp
make a resolute defence, and obstinately refused to be blown
away with a vote, as the vice-chancellor and the other heads
of houses before had done.
May 5, therefore the soldiers of the garrison were also
ordered to search the colleges for arms ; who, breaking
open all the doors, chests, trunks, &c. seized not only
such arms as they found, but the gentlemens' wearing
swords, bows and arrows, and even their knives, if they
were a little longer than ordinary. The same day they
ordered two of Magdalen College, and some days after,
Mr. Chibnal, the bursar of that college, into custody for
stoutly giving in answer that he could not submit to them
as visitors ; because the parliament had made a law, that no
clergyman, of which profession most of the visitors were,
should intermeddle in secular affairs ; arid that, in par
ticular, he could not submit to Dr. Wilkinson, as president
of the college, because he had neither been elected nor
sworn according to statute ; and that, for the same reason,
he could not carry in his books and accompts to him.
May 22, the committee ejected Dr. Mansell, the priricipal
of Jesus College : And the 26th of that month, the visitors
made the whole university prisoners at large ; ordering
" that no member of it, upon pain of expulsion, should pre-
" sume to depart without leave from Henry Wilkinson, the
" pro-vice-chancellor," which was preparatory to the follow
ing order of the same time, " that all the members of the
" university, under the same penalty, should, within seven
" days, deliver jn a direct and positive answer in writing,
C 4 " signed

40 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
" signed with their names, whether they submitted to the
" authority of parliament in that visitation, or not." At
the same time they ordered the expulsion of Mr. Henry
Tozer, sub-rector of Exeter College, and of several other
Fellows of colleges ; and committed the care of executing
the sentence on Mr. Tozer, and two others, to the soldiers
ofthe garrison.
The day following, passed an order of both Houses of
Parliament, setting forth, " That forasmuch as many doc-
" tors, and other members of the university, (notwithstand-
" ing the examples that had been made of some of them,)
" did still persist in their contempt of the authority of par
liament, which might be of dangerous consequence :
" Therefore the committee, for reforming the university,
" should have power to send for them under the custody of
" a guard, and commit them to prison :" adding withal a
clause empowering the visitors " to pull down all images,
" &c. which were the occasions of superstition in the uni-
" versity." The same day, the visitors set up A paper, im
porting the ejeCtment of Dr. Newlin from the presidentship
of Corpus Christi College, on the gate of that college ; But it
was immediately torn down with contempt and scorn. That
day also appeared Dr. Saunders, the provost of Oriel, and
utterly refused to own the authority of the visitation.
The 29th, being the prince's birth-day, some clerks and
choristers of New-college, and some of Trinity-college, made
bonfires ; for which Mr. Bowman and Mr. Price, two Fel
lows of the former; were committed to the guard-house.
Some days after, Dr. Payne, canon and treasurer of Christ
church, was taken into the custody of a messenger. At the
same time, Dr. lies, another of the canons, being sick, they
ordered him the attendance of two others of their own mes
sengers, only requiring him to pay each 6s. and Sd. per day
for their labour. And some days after, Dr. Edwards and
Mr. Gisby, the two bursars, if I mistake not, of St John's,
were taken into custody, and obliged to maintain two sol
diers for keeping them safe. A guard was also set upon
their chambers, and the doors sealed up. In this durance
they were continued about three weeks ; and then being
sent for by the visitors, who demanded of them the keys,
books, accompts, &c. belonging to their office, Mr. Gisby
alleged, That though the usurping president had been never
so lawfully chosen, and admitted, yet it was known to every
one, that the bursar was not obliged to give in his accompts till

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 41
till the year was expired. But Dr. Edwards highly expos
tulated with them about their usage of himself and compa
nion, as having been imprisoned without being charged
with any crime ; and that, too, when such bail was offered
as no law in England could refuse. But, said he, " I must
" confess it is the more tolerable, since your faCtion have
" treated the best and most worthy gentlemen in the king-
" dom in the same barbarous and inhumane manner." The
visitors also ordered, " That whosoever should not plainly,
" and without reserve, submit himself to the visitation,
" should be deemed as flatly denying the authority of it, and
" treated accordingly ; i. e. taken into custody, and sent pri-
" soner to London," according to the late order of both
Houses ; and that " whoever laid claim to any place in the
" university, should, within fifteen days, appear, and submit
" to the authority of the visitors." About a week after, the
committee at London voted the incomparable Dr. R. Saun
derson out of his canonry and professorship, and substituted
Robert Cross, of Lincoln, in both of them. The visitors
also ordered, that for the future the crier should not go
about with his bell when any scholar was to be buried ; pos
sibly being unwilling it should be known how many of therri'
they had starved.
June 29, (Dr. Radcliffe, the old principal, being then
dead,) the Fellows of Brazen-nose, without any regard to
Greenwood, who had been put in by the faCtion, boldly
affixed a citation to the college gates, according to statute, for
the election of a principal ; to which they proceeded, (not
withstanding the peremptory orders of the visitors to the
contrary,) July 13, following, in one of their chambers,
made choice of Mr. Yate, who was kept out of the princi
palship during the usurpation ; but enjoyed it many years
after the restoration, by virtue of that eleCtion.
The same day they forbade Mr. Tozer, sub-rector of
Exeter-college, (who as yet kept possession,) to proceed to
an election of Fellows for that house, the day following ; ac
cording to statute, they issued the same orders to Wadha'm-
college, their election falling on the same day ; and, for his
refusing to obey them, both expelled him the college, and
imprisoned him.
Aug. 1, Dr. Henry Stringer, then warden of New-Col
lege, was expelled the university, and, about the middle of
the next month, was deprived of the Greek lecture. But
this method of proceeding with the refraCtory members of
the

42 THE OXFORD VISITATION
the university, singly, did not answer the intent ofthe re
formation. Had they distributed a separate punishment on
every single person who continued to preserve inviolable his
duty to the church and his majesty, a new set of loyalists
would, in all probability, have sprung up before they had
quite rooted out the old. It must be known, therefore,
that the visitors had now, at various times, executed the sen
tence of expulsion on soine hundreds of the scholars, whose
names were sent down from the committee for that pur
pose ; but they being, for the most part, too stubborn to be
turned out of tlieir livelihoods by votes at London, or papers
and programmas * at Oxford, the ravagers, as well to shorten
their proceedings, as to render them effectual, got a serjeant;
attended with some files of musqueteers, to publish by beat
of drum, before the gates of the several colleges, July 5,
1648, " That if any of those who had been expelled by the
ff visitors home to the Saturday foregoing, should presume
" to continue any longer in the university, they should be
" taken into custody, and be made prisoners by the gover-
" nor." This was indeed a ready way to bring matters to a con
clusion ; and yet the university stood even this storm :
whereupon, four days after, they found themselves obliged
to publish again by beat of drum, before the gate of every
college, this farther order, " That if any one who had been
" expelled, did presume to tarry in the town, or should be
" taken within five miles of it, he should be deemed as a
" spy, and punished with death."
From all this, every candid person will most readily allow,
that the university behaved, through all this conflict, with
immortal honour; and what was said of the Christian
Church in its first ages, is very applicable to her, " That
" she was never more glorious than under this persecution."
Having thus struck the blow at the root of this great
nursery
* The manner of their proceeding being to affix such papers to the doors
of St. Mary's church, importing and declaring the expulsion of those whose
names were inserted in them. But some they published at length in the re
spective colleges. And in some colleges they took a guard with them, which
„they drew up in the quadrangles ; there published the expulsions, then af
fixed them to the college gates, and withal required those who were expelled
to depart the university (and from within' five miles of it) before sun-set ; a
short time, surely, to pack sp, even a scholar's goods, but that tlie garrison
had taken care some of them should be able to say, Omnia mci mecum porto.)
on pain of being treated as spies. And sometimes they had their pockets
picked, under a pretence of searching for letters.

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 48
nursery of loyalty and religion, the London committee, and
their executioners the visitors, finished their glorious work,
by decreeing, thnt every person expelled should be for ever
disabled from taking any pupils, or undertaking any scho
lastic office : and, before the end of 1649, .the ruin of this
famous university was completed, all the worthy heads of
houses were removed, and their places filled up, for the
most part, by men who had, by their preaching and other
labours, contributed the most effectually to the destruction
of Church and State.
However, the visitors kept on their sessions till Jan. 26,
1656, and exercised, though very sparingly, their power to
that time: but what they did after 1649, or when they
were dissolved, does not appear. The unfortunate gentle
men who, in great numbers, were deprived of livelihood or
habitation, wandered to and fro like beggars and vagabonds ;
many of them went abroad into different countries in quest
of that humanity from strangers which had left their own
nation : others lay hid at home in obscurity, being ashamed;
both for the honour of their nation, and even of human
nature, to expose themselves, as monuments of that barbarity;
which was hardly to be equalled among the most savage
people. Such of them as were allied to the loyal families,
could meet with no support from their relations, who had
themselves been plundered, and despoiled of all, long be
fore ; whilst those who, on the other hand, were related to
any of the rebel families, were looked on by them as public
enemies, and deemed deserving of greater punishment ; and
many of them, who would at any other time have filled the
highest places in the Church and State with applause, ac
counted themselves happy, if they could be suffered quietly
to instruct a few children ; or could get -the opportunity of
correcting a press, for a piece of bread. Almost all of them,
in the mean time, with their misery and poverty, preserved
their fidelity to his Majesty and the Church, and pleaded the
cause of both, wherever they came, with so much learning
and success, as proved a considerable means of bringing
about the restoration ofthe constitution in 1660.
Thus was the other eye of the nation put out ; and the
university of Oxford, the mistress, not only of the Reforma
tion, but of the Christian world, which had justly won (and
by the good providence of God, still retains,) the peculiar
title of famous, fell before the pretences of the vilest hypo
crisy, and by the hands of some of their own most despi cable

44 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
cable and contemptible members : nor could the horrible
parricides wrest this particular honour from her, that she
expired at last, as well in conformity to, as in defence of
his most sacred majesty, disclaiming and renouncing, with
lier last breath, the pretended authority of that rebellious
power, which enabled these usurpers to arraign, condemn,
and barbarously murder her : and to shew how nearly learn
ing (as well as religion) and loyalty are allied, she was the
last offering made to the bloody idol of rebellion, before the
dreadful and portentous sacrifice of his most sacred Majesty's
own person : and surely, the moving epilogue which the
Lord Clarendon subjoins to the year 1 648, in which he in
forms us the visitation was at its height, may well be thought
to regard this, among the other peculiar wickednesses of it ;
" A year of infamy, (saith that noble historian,) above all
" years which had passed before it ; a year of the highest
" dissimulation and hypocrisy, of the deepest villany and
" most bloody treasons, that any nation was ever cursed
" with, or under ; a year in which the memory of all the
" transactions ought to be razed out of all records, lest, by
" the success of it, atheism, infidelity, and rebellion should
" be propagated in the world."
But it is necessary to account for the filling up the vacan
cies, and to relate some other proceedings of the now re
formed university. As to the former of these, the prospect
of succeeding in the places of the ejected loyalists having
drawn hither a great many persons from Cambridge, July 5,
the visitors appointed a standing committee for the examin
ation of them ; and, the first of the following months, the
committee at London authorized the visitors to fill up the
vacancies in those colleges, where there might not be left a
sufficient number of electors, according to statute, after these
reformers should have thoroughly purged them : but either
the committee did afterwards furnish them with a more
ample power, or else they usurped that, as they did most of
the other rights of the university ; for they appeared to have
placed several persons even in many of those very colleges,
where a colony of their own creatures had been already
settled. i
The method they took to supply and fill up the vacancies,
(or rather, indeed, to nominate to them, for they could in
no sense be said to supply or fill those places,) was, first of
all, to take care of themselves, as the great law of self-pre
servation directed ; the two other preachers which were not
nominated

THE OXFORD VISITATION. 45
nominated in the commission for the visitation, claimed their
next care ; then those informers, who had been of such use
to them in carrying on the godly work, demanded their con
sideration ; and, in the last place, a rabble from Cambridge
came to their assistance, without which, perhaps, they could
scarcely have found enough to have filled up those breaches
they made in the several houses.
The author from whom we have chiefly taken this ac
count, very properly, in justice to the sister university, ob
serves, that these Cambridge-men were a colony of presby
terians, or independent novices, who had flocked to Cam
bridge, and spent some time there, after it had been reformed
into confusion, by the banishment of learning and loyalty
from thence five years before, and now transplanted them
selves to Oxford for places, which the want of more loyalists
to be ejected made them despair of at their own university.
But to return to the visitors. The most active of therrf
took especial care, in the first place, to reward themselves
for their good services. Mr. Reynolds modestly contented
himself with the deanery of Christ-church : Mr. Harris had,
to his other preferments, added the headship of Trinity-
college ; Mr. Cheynell had the headship of St. John's, and
the Margaret-professor's place ; Henry Wilkinson, senior,
had first a senior fellowship of Magdalen-college, then a
canonry of Christ^church, and at length the Margaret-pro
fessorship ; and Mr. Corbet had a canonry of Christ-church
likewise, and was made public orator *. As for the other
divines who were in the commission for the visitation, old
John Wilkinson was made president of Magdalen-college ;
and Mr. John Mills, and Mr. Christopher Rogers, canons of
Christ- church. However, what is here mentioned was only
their salaries ; since, if Wood -(- may be credited, there were
some perquisites also belonged to the office of a visitor, at
least to that part bf it which concerned the nomination to
the vacant fellowships ; for that author affirms it was cer
tain, that several people found their applications succeeded
never the worse for not coming empty-handed.
But though it be true that they minded themselves in the
first place, it is as true that they were not altogether forget ful
* Though it must be added to his honour, he seldom sat with the visitors,
and threw up both these places soon after, and was succeeded by Ralph But
ton, ene oftheir first proftors. See Wood, Ath. vol. i. p. 771.
t Ant. L i. p. 413, 414.

46 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
ful of their fellow-labourers ; and therefore Mr. Langley and
Mr. Cornish, the two remaining preachers, were each rer
warded with a canonry of Christ-church, and the former
with the mastership of Pembroke-college; and Joshua
Cross, their other proctor, was made fellow of Magdalen-
college, and natural-philosophy reader.
Next to these, they provided for the informers, who had
betrayed the several colleges in which they had laboured
themselves ; after them, the sons and relations of some of
the principal rebels ; and then the rout from Cambridge,
and some other strangers, of whom it would be endless to
speak particularly. ,
That many of the ejected royalists were men of the best
learning in the kingdom, will not be denied : but let the
writer of Dr. Allestry's Life pronounce the characters of
those who succeeded r " They who would prostitute their al-
" legiance to their prince, and oaths to the university and
1C their local-visitors, and comply with the lust of these
" usurpers, though never so flagitious, were received to fa-
'f vour : all others, however meriting, were proscribed — In
"whose room succeeded an illiterate rabble, swept up from
" the plough-tail, from shops and grammar-schools, and the
" dregs of the neighbour-university." .And to the same
purpose, Wood*, speaking ofthe year 1647, saith, " This
'' year flocked to the university several poor scholars, whom
" some called the scum of Cambridge ; many poor school-
" masters, psedagogues from belfries, curates, and some-
' times vicars ; as also parliament-soldiers ; especially such
' that had been lately disbanded to gain preferment by the
' visitation approaching : they were commonly called seek-'
' ers, were great frequenters of the sermons at St. Mary's,
' preached by the six [seven] ministers appointed by par-
' liament, and other presbyterian ministers that preached
' in other churches, in Oxford, and sometimes frequenters
' of the conventicles of independents and anabaptists. The
' generality .of them had mortified countenances, puling
' voices, and eyes commonly, when in discourse, lifted up,
" with hands laying on .their breasts ; they mostly had short
" hair, which at this time was commonly called the Com-
'.' mittee-cut, and went in quirpo, in a shabbed condition,
" and looked rather like prentices, or antiquated school-
f* boys, than academians, or ministers ; and therefore few
"or
* Ath. vol.ii, p. 743.

THE OXFORD VISITATION 47
"<or none ofthe old stamp, or royal party, would come near
" to, or sort themselves with them ; but rather endeavoured
" to put scorn upon them, and make them ridiculous."'
The truth of which, in good measure, may be guessed at,
from this one instance, that though they left but one of the
old foundation at University-college, yet all they put in, save
two, were perfeCt foreigners and strangers to it.
However, it may not be amiss to produce some few parti
culars, whereby the reader may better judge of the charac
ters of the rest. The person whom they made senior fellow
of All Souls, was one Hierome Zanchy, a Cambridge-man.
It does not appeal- on the public register, whether he was
so much as incorporated in this university ; and yet he Was
made proctor under these reformers. He " was a boisterous
" fellow at cudgelling, foot-ball playing, &c. ; had borne
" arms for the parliament, and been a captain,- a presbyte-
" rian, an independent, a preacher, and — I know not what.
" About a month after he was made proctor, he went into
" Ireland, became there a colonel of horse, a thorough-paced
5' anabaptist, was re-baptized, and often after held forth in
" conventicles among the anabaptists ; and published a rude
" nonsensical speech in parliament at Dublin, fit only to be
" read to make people laugh at the absurdity of the per-
" son *." At the same college was thrust in Mr. Scot, son
to the regicide of that name.
But Zanchy was not the only military man they prefer
red : Into New-college they thrust one Major Jordan ; and
into St. John's, one Robert Gorges, who being chosen proc
tor, and not daring to trust himself with making a speech,
got Mr. Levins to do it for him ; and in return for that
good office of learning, (which, in the opinion of the loyal
ists, the saints much wanted,) did Mr. Levins the like good
turn, of vouching that he had grace ; a qualification that, in
the opinion of the reformers, the loyalists stood in no 'less
need of. But to proceed :
The first person they put into Baliol-college was such an
one as they were forced to expel again themselves soon after.
Into Oriel-college, they thrust (among others) Nath Burgess,
son to the sacrilegious Dr. Cornelius Burgess, and Will.
Bragg, an eminent independent ; and at Corpus Christi Col
lege,
* Ath, vol. ii. p. 750.

48 THE OXFORD VISITATION. \
lege, one of the chaplain's they put in was a presbyterian,
and the other an independent ; it being, now become a dis
putable point, which of the two opinions was the right.
Nor were the first and highest places of the university any
better provided for. About the middle of October 1648,
Dr. Hoyle, their new professor of divinity, began his lec
tures, which had neither method nor argument in them ;
and seemed to shew him ignorant even of the most common
and ordinary rules of logic. He opened them with a suit
able speech, devoid of all spirit or learning; wherein he
laid himself out very much in the praises of his two prede
cessors, Dr. Holland and Dr. Prideaux, wholly omitting poor
Dr. Saunderson : nor could he indeed remember with com
fort, or without shame, a man so jnuch better than himself,
whose bread he was then eating.. He likewise highly ex
tolled the parliament, by whom, as he told the auditors, he
was promoted tb that chair ; which some of the loyalists
presently took hold of, and whispered one among another,
" Then, by his own confession, he is not Regius Professor."
At the same time Du Moulin began his history-lectures;
and tired himself, as well as the auditory, with the praises
ofthe parliament, the visitors, and, in a word, the whole re
bellion. Wood hath likewise left us a specimen of the great
sufficiency of the new university, in the more polite parts of
learning, by preserving these questions, which were, it
seems, asked (ariiong others) by some of the examining mas
ters, Pro qus gradu tustas? rhetor & orator, (pronouncing, the
"penultima short, as we do, when that word is made EngUsh,)
quomodo differ tint?
In the. same manner with the preferments, were the ho
nours and degrees of the university also disposed of by
these usurpers : the preference they still took to themselves :
and, when their own turns were served, they then provided
for their friends, especially those from Cambridge ; and after
prostituted these sacred rewards and titles of learning to
the lust and ambition of every one who was distinguished
by ignorance, enthusiasm, treason and rebellion : . no other
merit or qualification being required, says Wood, " than a
" confirmed hatred to his Majesty and the Church." It
must be owned, indeed, that necessity first put them upon
this practice, iri order to erect their new university ; which
they had not graduates enough to do, when the chancellor
came in person among them. And in two of those daysthey

THE OXFORD VISITATION* 49
they created no less than fifty-one masters of arts *, most
of them Cambridge-men, who were, it seems, as desti
tute of degrees as they were of places in their own reformed
university : and such was their necessity, that they found
themselves obliged to create no less than 23 bachelors of
arts.f ; a degree which surely never were honoured with
a creation before that time.
Among others on whom they conferred academical ho
nours, (for, in this respeCt, and to their own creatures, they
were abundantly liberal,) it will be sufficient to mention the
following : Unton Croke, who afterwards became infamous
among the royalists for denying and breaking the articles
with Colonel Penruddock, was created LL. B. ; Sir H^rd-
ress Waller, one of the king's judges, and aCtually on the
bench when the bloody sentence was pronounced, was
created A. M. Thomas Harrison, (commonly called Major-
General Harrison,) son of a butcher J, afterwards a sort of
an attorney, at last a preacher, and one of the king's judges
likewise, (who was not only present when the sentence pass
ed, but stood -up to signify his consent, and signed the, war
rant for that black murder,) was also created A. M. Colonel
John Hewson, a fourth of the king's judges, originally a
shoemaker, consenting to the sentence, arid signing the war-
• rant also for the execution, had the same honour bestowed
upon him after that horrid faCt ; as it was likewise at the
same time on Colonel John Okey, a fifth of the king's
judges, who was originally a drayman, sided at last with the
anabaptists and fifth monarchy-men, and, after the restora
tion, had justice done him at Tyburn. Nor were these all ;
for Owen Roe and Colonel William Gough, two more of his
majesty's judges, (each of whom was present, and they both
stood up in token oftheir assent, when the hlack sentence was
given, and signed the warrant with their own hands,) were
likewise created masters of arts. In one and the same day
was, all this load of infamy (the greatest that ever any place
of learning underwent,) laid on the miserable university of
Oxford §. And, to add to the outrage, it was done the
May
* Besides what they incorporated. Wood, Ant. Kb. i. p. 404, 405. Sep
also Pegasus, p. 3.
f Wood, Ath. vol. ii. p. 74J.
| Clar.Hist. vol. iii. p. 189.. But Wood saith Grasier.
• § " And that too by a presbyterian vice-chancellor, presbyterian heads, and
" mostly presbyterian proftoirs ;" as much as that sort of men endeavour«4
to acquit themselves of that horrid fa<5t. Wood, Ath, vol. ii. p. 760.
Vol. 1. D

i-0 THE OXFORD VISITATION.
May following that fatal Janiiary which brought his majesty
to the scaffold. This present of -SrtMerritcal honours, made
by the Reformed University, to WtV less than seven of the
king's murderers at One tiffie, whilst his rnajesty*s blood Was
yet reeking, will sufely be looked on as little other than a
solemn and public approbation, and afe it were a recognition
of that horrible parricide. -After which it cannot be won
dered "tskt they shouiHWsffibute the marks of their favour
to the preparatory instruments of it ; for at this very time
pthey ordered several other of tlie rebel officers, whenever
"th% should think fit, to come and be invested with them ;
and among these George Joyce, formerly a taylor, then a
ciptain indeed, but mtrtmBfctter known by the lower title of
CeWt Joyce, wlncrt ^had' when he seized the king; and
L^eutetfarit-cbloneiCcVHiet';* each of whom, in their turns,
.#itMrat0,3ny visible orders' Or authority besides their own
daVfiig, ftnpudence, and therefore with an insolence plainly
unparalleled in any history or rebellion, took the royal and
sacred person of their prince out of his bed, and dragged him
.fe^^^ew Confinement ; the former of them from Holmbv
w

_ J'diise to the army; the latter from Carisbrook to Hurst
C&$f& 3lWi<Whom mtist likewise be added another atten-
dantJ2otfIthar^horrid murder, namely, Thomas Trapham, a
s^geCitt^S^rip sewed on his majesty's "head ; arid when he had
46ne0ttJsaicH tr fhe company, " He had Sewed on the head of
a goose1. ''' Thi§ppe!?sfbi? W'at the same time, when -the
ting's' rj!38^^reJceivecfstMeii-ahonbur^p' created bachelor of
phy&C^flttf dVefy one of tliele might have been omitted ; and
it would have been sufficient to say, that on this day of blas
phemy 4rtd 'reproach, they bestowed the degree of DoCtor of
LaWs on Oliver Cromwell himself, afterwards the Usurper :
And to finish this scandal, the next year they chose him for
their chancellor.
" In this mariner were the principal honours and offices of
thfe university bestowed, after these men had reformed it*.'
At their first convocation, when the chancellor was wth
them in person^ " the most that was spoken' there was^Eng-
" lish ; ali that was done was irregular, no statute observed
« or regarded/' The oath of allegiance requited by statute
was not administered by the new governors of thc university
to some of those who took degrees. But what is more
amazing — during the whole twelve years of their adminis
tration, the blessed sacrament of Christ's Body and l31obd
was not so much as once received by the officers of the
New University, in their public capacities, though expressly directed

the Oxford visitation* b\
direCted by the statutes ; and the like opjissipn thsxe was ity
several of the private colleges, as Christ Church, All Souls,
New'-Gollege, Jesus, and some others. After this it would
be trifling to say, that in the progress pf their government
theytcbroBgbt in -a vote to take off caps and hoods, those
unnecessary distinctions q£ degrees ; t>jit as it happened,
theywere oveMfuied in thatppint.
It- could not be expected- they would pay that reverence
to the constitutions of the houses, ^wh^n^they sq plainly vio
lated the public statutes, of the university ;. and therefore, a£
Exeter Gqllegg, :ja direCt opposition ta the letter of the
statutes, they, kept- two fellowships void,, and ordered tw;o
more to be so reserved when they shpuld, drop, to pay ^he-
college debts. AtrChri$t-shurch the_X.ati,n gface and!, pray,-
ers were wholly d^sused^iCaiMl even, the sacrament itself was
wholly driven from that cathedral. At Magdalen (JoUege ,
the " power; of naming^ fellows and demies was, by the cpm-
" mons in 1650, ordered to be left tp. the president," At
Carpus Christi no less than twenty-three, of their new, f^Jlgfws
and scholars were of wrong counties. At B^iql Cojjege, all
the intruding fellows were made aCtual the very day pftfreir
admission:; perhaps; their first fellow in this college before-
mentioned, taught djem that thejp.jjew $et cptddnpt .sfcipd
the ordinary test of a year's probation. And-j*s myeh^.a?
they esclaimed against pluralities, where the law avowed
tbem, they admitted ,thim where never any law diet : .for
one Mr. Lee was by theipselwes c^cysen.intQ, and permitted
to keep a fellowship, in -JK>th.T AllSoul^ ^nd Wadham Cpi-
leges, at orte and the same time, x-wr
To-' this must hp ,addedr that at Magdalen College, the $?W
president and fellows broke open a chest in the ti^asjury,
and shared among -themselves (chiefly at, the? promotion of
Henry Wilkinson sen.) 1400 pieces of gold, which the
founder himself had deposited there f, "proJitiius '& placjtis
" defendendis^ etiam pro possesshnibus, si apus fuerit, amplipfibus
" nequirendis, &-pro reppntinis (quod ai fit) incendiis, isf ruinis
" maneriorvms 8cc. as the statutes" &tc\vxe the uses of it.
The week after, D*- Reynolds and his two proCtors ;were
going in like manner to bfeak open BodJ?y's ch,est,; but be
lt 2 , ipg
*,,y^l. Mem. p.453. ,
f Wood. Ath. v<j>l. ii. p. 748, 749. Which, however, several of them
afterwards1 restored ; but othtrs of them tonverted to their ewn uses. See
Wood, Ath. vol. ii. p. 76.5,

*t The oxford visitation:
ing assured by Rouse theflibrarian, a confiding brother, that5
there was no rnoney in it, they quitted their enterprise. At
the same time one of the new. Savilian professors,, and Mr.
Ralph Button, then 'made one of the1 canons of Christ
church, went fo Mr. Rouse for the key of Sir H. Saville's
chest, to plunder that likewise ; , but firiding the key was.
not in his custody, and being informed by him that they
would flnd nothing in the chest, they forbore to break it
open. But though these gentlemen were disappointed ofthe
rppney which they expected, others of their fraternity found
puppies worth at Christ-church ; and to their perpetual in-
fifny,Ttpok: down, apd, converted to their own private uses,
the t;imbe£ ,p,f the {?pildings at the north side of the great
c^adrahgle, which the breaking out of the rebellion had
•preyprited frorn . being covered :, However, this, as scanda-r
laus as, it is, must be owned was mpre excusable fh^n the
rnptipn fnadq tp the society by two. of their new fellows at
(Queen's' College ; namely, " that forasmuch as the. younger
" fejlpwsiiad bad chambers, they would allow that 'the out-
" ward cjiapel, which they said^was useless, might be con-
li verted into chambers for them to lodge Jn." So greatly
.djidr^ns melancholy change affect some, gentlemen of this
univejsfty, that they caused a mfe,dal to be struck, bearing pn
one side -a sepulchral pillar,, thus inscribed " P. M. Acad.
Ox;on, , 1 (34? •" On the reverse were these words, " fDeo Ec-
'" clesia principi ViElima." And "Lord Clarendon, in tne still
more lasting monument of his history, informs us to th'e same
purpose, that, tt>e, confusions they made were, sb great, that
nothing but the special and extraordinary Providence of Gpd
could have preserved the university from ut,ter ruin. His
own words ; fire, so very observable, that we shall transcribe
them at large. After he had taken notice of the stedfast-
nessof it, when his majesty's affairs were at the lowest ebb,
his person in the hands of his enemies, and a strict and
strong garrison was over them; the " invincible arguments,"
they had published «' ofthe illegality, wickedness, and per
jury" of the covenant ; ofthe " learning, courage and loy-
" alty of that excellent place, against the highest malice and
" tyranny> that ever was exercised in or over any nation ;"
as likewise that the ravagers expelled " upon the matter of
" the whole university ; scarce one governor and master of
" college or hall, and an incredible, small number of the fel-
" lows or scholars submitting ;" and that " they placed in
" their rooms the most notorious factious presbyterians," as
well

THE OXFORD VISITATION.

JS

Well as'Wthe government, as fdltftfshipS)J&c. "without any
" regararb the statutes of the several founders, and the in-
" capacities of the persons thrf'w^rejnit in :" He adds, u it
" iriigh
" religic
" there ; and that tlie jSucc^siSng iH &usfeandry an<$ rinskil-
" ful cultivation wo(ud}h£v£M«t 'VP^lf 4£fefti>-
« ranee, ^^^^'^m^l^mBmm^s
« wonderful blessing, t^gffij»3fflP^ffi#flrtK3M8a.
" could not be made ba^n'fty'ffllKff^^iffl^Iri^HW
"gence: it choaked the' ^'V'yiWM
*» poisonous seeds, which'wer>^wWHtf%(^^^iTJ^i
" to spring up ; but after 'several ryfamMral Wveffiff^ts
« mutually succeeding each ot^^n^^^W^mfMSR^
" and perverseness endeavouring "to extin£tiffli<Mlrgobd''Hfe7
"rature, it yielded a 'harvest of ~ e&Zltt&n3ffiJ& difSH
'^sound knowledge, In all parts df leWrifag'Wpaj^fiPi^
" were wickedly introduced, applied memSiyra^2^^^^
" of good learning, and the pra^ice^dfwm$£Sld had in-
" clination to that duty and obedience0 mey* Ra°irtid^r* 'been
" taught. So that when it please&'God &^njWh| 'Cli|ttes
« the second back to his throne^ Jl& fouftd 1ffiat uri'iVS-Sry,
« not to undervalue the other,c '^Jaih^t'WPfohlf ^ewSe
" rejefted the '&"&&&£& ^Mc£ '-ffid'f6een ^aristKMMy
"poured into i<;rWufidfni m excellerit Id&ffih&Wcle-

lt, aDounding, m excellent learn—..
" voted to dumm^tiisciMmmwwvMwwzs

« before ite^^^^i'^8fi^^i*^yifl6tl%W08a's
» mercy mv$tfffl¥&1&tg&% proVlae%r"nisWhtffch,
« thai //^i-M' rW^|?/'^4rfej°^&Ffe4 tyfflch
'« were ne^Ftfpen^ \A, ^0wM/i^^fnalic87/tHaW<in
> th^tKne." VoL°§.li?.af$:'

DS

y/i^c

f54 ')
Ait So vis College.
Wardenship
SltBERT SHELDON, D. D.
Cieri -if' the Closet to Ms Majesty, and Prebendary of Gloucester,

THIS- generous and munificent prelate was born July 19,
\$M, -at Stanton in Staffordshire. He was named after his
godfather Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury. In the latter end. of
the year 1613 he was admitted into Trinity college, Oxford ;
and on -November 27, 1617, took the degree of bachelor of
arts, and that- of master on May 28, 1620. He was eleCted
fellpw of All Souls/, in 1622: and about the same time en
tered into holy orders, and became; domestie chaplain to
Thomas lord Coventry, keeper of the great seal, who gave
him a prebend in Gloucester cathedral, into which .he was
installed February 25, 1632. His lordship finding Mr.
Sheldon a man of parts, recommended him to King Charles
1st- as a person well Versed in political affairs.. On the 2d
of May 1633, he was presented by his majesty to the vicar
age of Hackney in Middlesex; he became also reCtpr^ of
lekford in -Buckinghamshire ; and Archbishop Laud gave
liim the reCtory of Newington in Oxfordshire. Having pro
ceeded bachelor in divinity-November 11, 1628, he took
the degree of doCtor in that faculty on June 25,. 1634. In
March 1635, he was elected warden of AIL Souls College,
was appointed chaplain to the Mng, and afterwards became
clerk of the closet. He was also designed by him to be made
master of the Savoy-hospital; and dean of Westminster :
but his , settlement in! them was prevented, by the civil
wars: During these he firmly adhered to therking, and
was one of the chaplains whom his majesty sent for to
attend his commissioners at -the treaty of Uxbridge, in
February 1^644. He argued there so earnestly in favour
of the churcli, of" Ehgland, as drew upon him the envy and
resentment of the parliamentarians, ; which they made him
afterwards sufficiently feel.' In April 1646; he attended the
king to Oxford, and -was witpess to the remarkable %>w
made by his majesty -*. . The ' 30th of March 1647, Ire was
- ejected
f I. do hereby- promise ajid solemnly vow, in' tjie presence and for the ser-
W« of Almighty God, tfcaf if it Shaft please the Divine Majesty, of his infi
nite

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 55
ejeCted from his wardenship. of. All Souls College, by the
parliamentary visitors, whom he strenupusly opposed in their
pious work, and whom, he honestly and boldly informed,
" that he could not with, a safe conscience submit to them.
The visitors forcibly took possession of his lodgings, April
13, and imprisoned him wkh, Dr. Hammprid, in Oxford.
and elsewhere ; to the end that their high reputation and
eminent characters in the university might not hinder the
intruders and rebels, in their proceedings^, and. also It-b "keep
them>from attending ihe „ king at tKerirmtyrjtB the Ide o^
Wight. He remained in confinement atoe^OLsrJQenjhs,
and even .then, the reforming committee set hitn aL-Jib§rfy,
OCtober 24, 1648^u|nmjCfflaiiiditibWthatLhesfcswldjnevgr. eome
within five miles of O^tfbrd; that Jieishoiild not^at^ithe
king- in the Isle of Wight ; .and that JieoShonld'-giV.© ssogfeity
toappear before them, at fourteen: dayscwaroitog*Mhk8eyer
cited. Upon iris release, heiretirpdilo.S&elston. ift.Defby-
shire, and among the rest of his friends in Staffdrd^hirftiand
Nottinghamshire ; whehire, frota his- own, purse, audi fkom.
tolle<5tkxns -made by him among: the royalists., . he- seftfe-fibn-
«tant stitjbphesof-mbBeyito King -.Charles IL.-abnoqd* and fol
lowed Ais. studies and devotions uptft.'.inalte££ tended to a
shappy restoration^ ^, . . _,. r.i - ;j,
yWheh the visitors, iwith did Earl of Pembroke at their
bead,: came to All Bonis College, ias&fder to dispossess Dr.
Sheldon by forte, the doCtor pleaded,, in behalf Of himself,
that their commission diduot reach ihrin, because it bdredate
the 8th of March, and authorised them to dispossess those
onby. whom the parliament or commibtjee had.' voted <$>ut be
fore. Now the vote £tx his expulsion :wasj p&t passfcdi till
the 30th, which was three weeks after the date of their com
mission. This circuipstarace .pnzeled 4[he; visitors, artd^oefca-
•sionedthem an hbnr's debate : hut at last Prynn, one oftheir
D 4 .number,
nite goodness, to restore me to my jist kingly rights, and to rje-e*taMish me
on ray throne, I wit! wholly give feact to his church all .those impropriations
whichare now held by the crowa ; and -ysrhat lands soever I do now or should
enjoy} which have' beeri taken away either from any episcopal ste, or any ca-
the3*al or ofcilegiafe church, fibm any abbey or other religion* house. I like-
wiseiprPWMe for h^re^for t;o lioldj^hem from the church, ,und.er jj^ch reason
able, ijnes/ipd rents as shalj be set down by some conscientious person, whom
T propol's'tp chops"e with,all uprightness of heart, -to diiedk me in this particu
lar^- An4 I most humbly be$eec-h God to accept ofihis }ny vow, and to bleBt
, me in the design I haye now in ,band, through jesus Christ our Lord, amen.
Oxford, April 13, 1646. Charles R.
This is a true copy «f the king's vow, which was presetted thirteen years
under ground by me, Gilbert Sncldqn, ^peddix to Eehard's England, p. 5.

56 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE;
number, instead of untying, cut the knot, by Saying that
although the doctor was not Within the letter, yet he
was within the equity of the commission, ' and that the
parliament was not to be fooled with. Accordingly, upon
the resolution of this casuist, they proceeded to deprive him
of his freehold^ they struck his name out of the Buttery
Book, and ordered him into custody. They then hurried
the doctor away to prison, in the midst of the people, who",
as he passed the1 street, uttered a thousand prayers in -his be
half, and implored' a thousand blessings upon his head.1
Three days after 'his deprivation the visitors substituted
in his room one John Pa'lmtr, M. B. in direct opposition' to
the statutes of the eollege.-1 This- J. Palmer, the intruder
into the wardenship, dying March 4, 1659-60, and there
being at that time a certain prospect of the restoration,
Dr. Sheldon became warden again of course, without, how
ever,' taking re-possession ; and continued so -till the January
following. He became then also possessed of the master
ship of the Savoy, which he kept until 1<363. On King
Charles II.'s return, he met his- majesty at Canterbury; and
was. soon after made dean'of the Chapel Royal. Upon the
translation of Bishop Juxon to the5 archiepiscopal see of
Canterbury, Dr. Sheldon was advanced to the bishopric of
London, and consecrated October 28, 1660. He-was like
wise svtr-om a privy counsellor. ¦ In 1661 the famous con
ference between some of the episcopal clergy and presby
terian divines, concerning alterations to be made in the
liturgy, was held at his lodgings in the Savoy.
His conduct there, and afterwards, is blamed by the pres
byterians ; but a person so highly provoked, and so very
much injured as he had been by that party, might be ex
cused if he even betrayed a want of calmness about matters
which he deemed of the utmost importance. And yet, after
all, 'there is nothing laid, to his charge but that determined
resolution which knew how to combat difficulties,4 and that
steady iirmness which could . look opposition boldly in the
fade. In two- instances,! and both important ones, he gave
ample proof of what 'has' been asserted ; and it remains for
the, candid reader to judge whether he aftfed up to his
sacred character, and discharged his professional duty, be
taking atonce adecidedistep; when he foresaw that atempo-
rizing conduct was not likely to produce reconciliation, but
to keep alive and strengthen the spirit of rancour and ani
mosity. 8 At

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 57
At the first meeting of the commissidners concerning al
terations to be made in the liturgy, in his own lodgings in
the Savoy, Bishop Sheldon told the presbyterian divines,
" That not the ; bishops, but they, had been seekers of
" the conference, and desired alterations in the liturgy:
"therefore there was nothing to be done till they had
"^brought in all they had to say against it in writing, and
" ail the additional forms dnd alterations which they de-
" sired." One general view oftheir obje&ion'he conceived
to be the most obvicms method to -Settle all disputes, and
better calculated to facilitate xoncbrd than to dispute- and
cavil about particular parts of the liturgy, "in a comfererice,
without the assurance that both parties would -agree to cer
tain' alterations as they proceeded. ¦ ¦ '-' ¦ '¦ -
Upon its being debated in the council, in August 1662;
" Whether the a<5t of tmiformity should be punctually exei
" cuted on the 24th of that month, or suspended for a
" -while," Bishop Sheldon came of his* -own accord, (for he
was. not yet called to the privy council,) and -pleaded for the
law, with that sharpness of wit, that copious eloquence, and
thatrweigfht of reason, that he did not so much persuade as
command the assent of the king, the duke, and the coun
cil, and all that were present, and ^almost the petitioners
themselves, to his opinion^ He toldthem; that the suspen
sion of the law came too late ; that by the command- of that
law, he had ejeCted all who had not-obeyed it, in his diocese,
the Sunday before; by which he had so provoked their
anger and hatred^ that " if they were again restored he
should not live henceforward iii. a society of clergy, but in
the jaws of his enemies ; neither could he dare to contra
dict a law that was -passdd with: sd great approbation of all
good men, so general a"'Consewt of parfcaaient/ and with so
much deliberation. -.- And rfurther,- that if at that time so
sacred a law should be. repealed, it would expose the law
giver to the sport and scorn of the faCtion. And lastly, that
the state and church ^vpuld nevfer be free .'from disorder and
disturbance, if faCtious ihen feoialdiextort whatever they
desired by theit impudence and importuniityV -'a * ! r
In 16(53 Dr. Sheldon was trartslated>to the jardhbishopric
of Canterbury; vacant by the death >of Archbishop Jiixon ;
and, in 1667, he vraseLeCted chancellor of the uniyeaisity of
* Burnet's History of his own Times.

48 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE,
of Oxford. On the 31st of July 1669,, he.resigned: the
latter situation, and retired from public business, with the
inward satisfaction of having,, served the university with no
common affeCtion, and with a munificence almost equal to
any- of his predecessors. During the last years of his life
he resided chiefly at his palace at Croydon. ,Having filled
the see of Canterbury with, great honour and reputation ^pr
above fourteen years, he died at Lapibeth, November^ 9,
1677, in the eightieth year of his age ; and, according to
his own direction, was buried in Croydon Church in.Smry 5
where a stately monument was goon afrer,eye£ted to.jiis
memory, by, his nephew and hei?;, Sir Joseph .Sheldpfrj^ken
lately ford mayor of London, son of his elder, brptjp*?*,
Ralph Sheldon of Stanton. The inscription upon it begins
t&us: Fortiter ,& suavite,
Hie jacet
GlLBERTUS SHELJDON,
Antiqua Sheldoniorum familul,
In agro Staffordiensi natus.
Then, after -giving an account pf his education and, .prefer
ment, it goes on thus to his character :
x Viry
Omnibus negptiis par, omnibus titulis superior;
In rebus adversis jnagnus, in prosperis boni^s,
Utriusque fortune: dominus.
Payperuin. parens,
Litera^prum patronus,
Ecclesise stator.
¦., De tanto viro
Pauca dicere non expedit, multa non opus est ;
Norunt prsesentes, posteri vix credent.
His works of piety and charity were munificent in |he
highest degree, and will hand his name down to the latest
posterity. He spent large sums upon his episcopal hpusgs.
For instance : he paid, to the Lord Petre, for the purcjyise
of London4iouse in Aldersgate-street,; &2Qf)\r to serye ,a~s* a
town house to himself and successors, .in room. P^ ^s
palace, at the north-west corner iof St. Paul's churchTya£d,
wlhkh had been destroyed by the great fire. And^ ^ej laid
out on the repairs of his houses at Fulham, Lambeth, and
Croydon, 45001. He re-built the library at, Lambeth, and
recovered the books belonging to it from the university of
Cambridge ;

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. ( 59
Cambridge ; and he enlarged the collection, by severaL ad
ditions which he made to it at -his own charge. r
But his most sumptuous and considerable work was the
magnificent theatre at Oxford, erected at his sole expence ;
which was opened, with great solemnity, July 0, 1669, In
1665$ during the time of the plague, he continued at Lam
beth, notwithstanding the extreme danger that threatened
him by sp doing, and with his diffusive charity preserved
great numbers alive, who would -otherwise have1 perished ;
also, by his afleCting letter to all the bishops, he procured
great suttrstp be returned out of all parts of his province.
" Besides What he laid -out in purchasing London-house, and
repairing "his Episcopal-house, as mentioned above, he gave
tosrardp repairing St. Paul's church, before the fire, 21691.
17s. lOd. and after the fire 20001. He gave, for the aug
mentation of vicarages belonging to his see, 1401. a-year,
for which he abated in his fines, to the value of. 16 801. ; and
all his leases being expired when he was made bishop, upon
renewal of them he abated in' his fines above 16001. pounds
more for the augmentation of small livings. He expehde4
H^pbii the building ofthe theatre of Oxford 14,4701. 1 Is. 1 Id.
and gave the university 20001. besides, to buy land for keep
ing it in repair. He gave for the finishing of All Souls college
chapelj" arid Trinity-chapel Oxford, and for repairing Lich
field cathedral, 4501. In his will he bequeathed to pious and
charitable uses 15001. Out of which he appropriated to All
Souls college 3001. to Trinity college 1001. both in Oxford,
to CaHterbury cathedral 1 0QL ; to the poor at Lambeth 501.
at Croydon 401. ; to St.' John's Hospital, Canterbury, 1001. ;
and to that of St. Nicholas, Harbledown, near Canterbury,
1 001. Iii short, we are assured that from -the ttime of
his being Bishop of London to that of his death, it appeared
in his book of accounts, that upon public, pious, and chari-
table 'listeS; he had bestowed sixty-six thousand pounds*.
But, according to others f, he spent in public pious uses,* in
afts of munificence and charity, during his life, and by his
I?st *will and testament, the sum of seventy-two; (thousand
pounds, as attested 'fey his treasurer, Ralph Snow, esq. to
Vchdm he teft a legacy of 10001. ; underthis distinguishing
style, -":To hiyold and faithful servant."1 ¦
His charader is thus dra!wn'by Dr. Samuel Parker, bishop of
* Le Neve, Wood's Ath. f N. Kehnttfs Oa^ of ftnpYopriati&i.

60 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE,
,ur y^.x Ai /, ¦ i,.
of Oxford, wlio had been his chaplain *. " He was a marl
" of undoubted , piety ; but though he was very assiduous
" at prayers, yet he did not set so great a value upon them
"as/, others did, nor regarded sp rnuch worship, as the use
" of worship, placing tjae;jchief point of religion in the
" practice of a good life;-; ;,,In his daily discourse he cau-
" tioned those about him not to deceive themselvesr^ijfrh an
" fbpjfreligion, nor to think that divine worship was eon-
"vfin'ed within the walls of the church, the principal part
" of it being without, doors, and eonsistingHn being con-
" versant with mankind. If men led an upright; sober,
" chaste life, then, and not till then, they might look
"' upon themselves as religious ; otherwise it would signify
" nothing what form of religion had men followed, or to
"what churcli they belbfig^fl,'" Therefore, having spoken
" to this effeCtJ he 'added, with a kind of exultation and
"joy, 'Do wdl and rejoice.' His advice to young noblemen
" and gentldmen', \Vho by' their parents' commands resorted
" daily to him} was-falway£ this ; 'Let it be your principal
" care to becomer!ri!ones£ men; and afterwards be as devout
"and religious' as ybu \vil! : no piety will be of any advan-
" tag'e to yourselves, or any body ehe, unless you are honest
"and moral men.' ' He had a great aversion to all pretences
"to extraordinary1 'piety, which covered real dishonesty;
" but had a sincere 'affeCtion for1 those whose religion was
" attended with intesrritv df fefeiflfeiAs.*''1 )7 J °
" His worthy notionsrdf ¥eli|li6h0ffieeting with an ex-
" cellent temper in him, 'ga^e^itft ffiftt'even tranquillity
** of mind by which he was still himself, and always the
" "Same in adversity as well as in prosperity ;' and neither
" over-rated nor" despised life, nOr'fearWnpr wished for
" death ; but lived agreeably to himself and others. From
" this tranquillity of mind naturally arose a courteous be-'
" haviour. His conversation was easy ; he never sent any
" man away discontented ; among his domestics he was both
"pleasant and grave; and governed his family with au-
" thority and courtesyTir'ffis,lgenerosity was such, that, be-
" sides what he "did iha"£**pirlvate condition, in which he
" redeemed1 the faAiil'y -estate, (which his elder brother had
" wasted,) for the children of the deceased^ after he was
" advanced tb the episcopal throne, he laid 'out thirty -seven
" thousand pounds in works of charity and piety, and
"yet
* Corr.mcnl.uii de rebus tut temporis \ or, History of his own Time.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 61
" yet managed his own affairs with such prudence, that he
" left a considerable estate, and a great deal of ready money
" to his heirs ; and, at the same time, bequeathed toevery
*' one of his servants a, large pension for their lives."
With the renowned Chilling worth he was upon a footing
of the strictest intimacy ; and was the chief means of per
suading that great man to subscribe the thirty-nine articles
of the church of England.
He never published any thing but a Sermon, preached befibre the
King, at Whitehall, upon tHe 28th June I06O, beikg- the- day
ef solemn Thanksgiving for the happy return of his Majefty, On
Ps. xviii. v. 29. Lond.. lG(5o, 4tb.
John Birkenhead, A., M- Fellowship, and ihe . Reader's
place in, Moral Philosophy.
He was son of John Birkenhead, of Northwich, in Che
shire, sadler v and became a servitor , of Oriel College : and,
at the age pf seventeen, was nnder the tuition of Humphry
Lfoyd, afterwards Bishop pf Bangor, in the beginning' of
the year 1632. He continued at college until he had taken
the degreeof A. B. and' then, became ajmanuensis to Arch
bishop Laud, TJ5rhp,taking a liking to him for his ingenuity,
and perceiving Jiim to be a person of bright parts, got him
diplomated A^M, in 1639 ; and, by hi? letters commendatory,
caused him to be. fileCjed probationer-fellow of, All Souls in
the follpwing year. After the rebellion broke out, apd the
king and his court had settled themselves in Oxford, .Mr.
Birkenhead wasi appointed to write the Mercurii. Aulici,
which gave so much satisfaction to the loyalists, that his
majesty recommended him to the eleCtors, for the leCliurer
in moral philosophy ; which situation .being accordingly ob
tained, he continued in it, with little profit to himself; till
1648, at which time the presbyterian visitors forced him tb
relinquish that and his fellowship. Afterwards he retired
to London, and suffered repeated imprisonments for his
majesty's cause j and lived by his wits, in writing poems,
songs, and epistles ; and in translating, several small pieces,
and submitting, to other employments.,- After .his majesty's
restoration, by virtue of his letters, sent to, the university,
he was created dpCtpr of laws ; and, in -1$61, eleCted a bur
gess for Wilton, to serve in that parliament which began at;
Westminster pn the 8th of May, in the, same year. He re
ceived the honour of knighthppd; and in June 1663 was
appointed pne of the masters of requests, having previously
become master of the faculties, and a member pf the royal
society.

62 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE*
society. He is reported to have been too much addiCted
to buffoonery and idle jesting, otherwise he might have
passed for a good wit. And he is accused, also; of want
of gratitude and respect for those who had shewn them
selves his beriefaCtors and friends in the tithe of his ne
cessity. By slighting these, when the favourable gale re
turned^ he discovered a baseness of spirit unworthy of a
man wjip had experienced the value of real friendship in
the hour pf. adversity, when it is nipst acceptable.
Sir Jphn Birkenhead died>vi$hin the precincts of White-.
hall, December 4, 1679^ and was buried, on the 6th of the
same month,' near .the school-door, in the;fh»rch-yard of
St Martin in the Fields ; leaving behind him a choice col
lection of pamphlets, which came into the hands of Sir
Muddiford Biamstonl
I. MercuriuS Adieus' ; a weekly piper iff quarto, Which cQfh.
munieatedthe-inteMig-ence and affalrsof the cotirt at Oxford to the
rest of the kingdom. The first number of which appeared, thc
1st of January 1,6.4 a ; and the publication was i carried on till
about ,t^e,?nd of ip-l.o, after which -the subsequent papers came, out
occasionally f they contaip a great, deal of original wit. . On tr.?
absence of Birkenhead, P. Heylyn supplied his place, and wrote
many Of the numbers.
2. News from Pembroke and Montgomery, or Oxford Man-
chestered, &c. ; printed, in i648» iri one sheet quarto. It is a
feigned speech, as spoken by Philip Earl of Pembroke, in the con
vocation-house, at Oxford, lgth>of April 1648, when he came to
visit and ruin the university as Edward Earl of Manchester had
done to'thar of Cambridge, while he Was chahcellor of it. It- is
looked upon as a htimorous performance, and: a good imitation of
Pembroke's manner of speaking. - ... -
S. Pad's Church- Yard, Libri T&otagici,~PaKtici, Hjcstoria,
mundinis, paulinis, (uria eum templo) prefetant vefialesji&C. m
three sheets 4to anno;\ 1649 : these pamphlets epntaip,, feigined
titles of books, and a£ts of parliament, and several questions ; all
reflecting on the reformers of those times.
4. The Four-legged Qua'^r ; a ballad. London, 1659. — A
new ballad of a fajnous, German prince, no date. . ,__ . <
6, The Assembly Man -, written 1647. London 16-62-3, in three
sheets 4to. A copy of it was taken from him by those wlto.said
they could not rob, because all was theirs: so that (bey struck
out what they did not like, arid mangled and reformed the rest ;
and made the piece exhibit the character, not of an assembly, but
of themselves. At length, after it had' slept several years, t;he
author published it to avoid false principles. It was ako re
printed in a. book intitled " Wit and Loyalty, in a "collection of
3 some

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 69
some smart satyrs, in verse and prose, on the late timss." Lond.
1 Osa. 4to. said to be written by Abr. Cowley, Sir John Birken
head, artd Sann Batler. in.-:,,
He hath also several scattered copies of verses and translations'
extant, set. to music by Henry Laws : viz. I. Anacreon's Ode,
called the Lute, for^a bass-sijlo. — 2. An Anniversary on the
Nuptials of John Ear! of Bridgwater, July 22, 1652. — 3., A Poem
On his Staying in London after the act of Bunishment for Ca
valiers. — 4. Another called the Jolt, iflatfe upon the Protector's.
(Cromwell) being thrown Off the box of his <3A#n coath, when,
for recreation sake, in Jury l654, he would needs drive the coach
himself in Hyde Park, dra^n by six German horses, sent to him
as a present by the count of Oldenburgh, while his1 secretary,
John Thurlow, sat in the coach.
Henry Johnson, LL. D. Fellowship.
He was iaftjM5WB.i?ds created a, baronet; "but a poor one
God wot," says Wood : and became a. Convert to the churcli
of Rome.-, ,
-'->--, John Lloyd, A. M. Fellowship.
In his exile he became chaplain to his majesty; by whom,
at 'the restoration, he was promoted to a canonry in the
collegiate' church at Windsor. He Was installed July 18,
1660, in the-ropm of H- Cressy ; ^and on August 1, of tfie
same year, was created doctor of divinity pf this university^
He died in 1671.
Fratjcis Newman, A. M. Fellowship.
He is $aid to have been a native of the county of Middle
sex, but of what place is uncertain. He ^ajjpgned to pass
by Whitehall at the very instant when the bfefck and astor
nishing villany of . the Jsing's murder was perpetrating ;
which horrid *ight threw him into suck an -agony, that he
went home, Sfid never came out of his chamber afterwards.
He was admitted to his fellowship in 1640.
r Thomas James, A. M. Fellowship.
He lived to be restored in 1660 ; and became warden of
the cpjlege in 1663. In 1666 he was created D. D. ; and
in 1679 became treasurer df the cathedral church of Salis
bury, on the demise of Dr. Edward Davenant; Who died at
Gillingham, in Dorset, 12th March 1679 ; and dying, on
the 5th of January 1686; was buried ih the buter chapel of
All Spflls College.
Thpmas

64 ALL SOULS COLLEGE.
Thomas Culpepper, A. B. Fellowship.
He was second son of Sir Thomas Culpepper, of Holling^
"bourne, in Kent, knt. of an ancient and honourable family.
He entered a commoner of University College in the be-
S [inning of the year 1640, at the age of 14 ; took his bache-
or's degree in 1643 ; and was senior collector in the Lent
of that year. He afterwards travelled into France with
Mr. Abraham Woodhead ; and at his return was elected
probationer-fellow of All Souls College ; but soon after left
that house, and retired to his patrimony in Kent. At the.
restoration his majesty conferred upon him the honour of
knighthood. i
He wrote, 1. Moral Discourses and Essays upon several Sub.
jeds, 8vo. London 1 655. — 2. Considerations touching Marriage,
4to. — 3. A Discourse, shewing the many advantages which will
accrue to this kingdom by the abatement of Usury, together
with the absolute necessity of reducing Interest of Money to the
lowest rate it bears in other countries, 4to pamphlet, 1688. —
4. Short Appendix to the said treatise. — 5. The Necessity of
abating Usury re -asserted ; in a Reply to the Discourse of Mr.
Thomas Manly, intituled Usury at Six Per Cent, examined, &c.
4to. London 1670. — 6. Brief Survey ofthe Growth of Usury in
England, with the Mischiefs attending it, 4to. 1671. — 7. Hum
ble Proposal for the Relief of Debtors, and speedy Payment of
their Creditors, 4to. 167). — S. Several Objections against the
Reducement of Interest propounded; in a Letter, with the
Answer thereunto, 1661, 4to.
William Basset, LL. D. Fellowship.
He was restored in 1660 ; and became afterwards chan
cellor of Landaffe. Henry Harrington. Fellowship.
Restored in the year 1660 with his majesty.
Oliver Lloyd. Fellowship.
He was also restored in 1660 ; and afterwards made war
den of Manchester College.
Henry Coventry. Fellowship.
He survived the rebellion, and was restored in 1660.
John Wainwright, LL. B, Fellowship.
He was chancellor of the diocese of Chester ; and in the
year 1650 proceeded to hie faculty.
Laurence

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 65
Laurence Smith. Fellowship. '
He had been thei\, and was afterwards knighted;
Thomas Smith* Fel'otvshipi
He had been admitted in 1641.
Samuel (or Richard) Fisher. ¦ Fellowship-.
He was admitted in lSlOi
TimoLeon George. FMIowshipi
He had been admitted in 1 62 1 . '"
Thomas Cro^t* fellowship.
He was restored in 1658, by a mandate from the upper
bench or a misnoma. Francis TalboT. fellowship.
He lived tb be restored with his majesty in 16.60.
Henry Baker, Nath. NAppiEr, Thomas (or William)
Daniel, Thomas Smith. Fellowship.
The last was restored in 16(50, and is. a differetit, persorl
from him of both these names mentioned before.
, John Middleton. Fellowship;
He was admitted to the rectory of Hariwell in Middlesex,
in 1661. Newcourt Repet, Eccles. Vol. 1. p. 628.
N. B.^-The list of those ejeCted from this university, is
taken almost wholly out ofthe Original Register, of the Vi
sitors, yet remaining in Oxford ; and a pamphlet printed in
1642, entitled Oxonii Laehryma. Inthe former of these
papers we should have been led to expect a perfect list of this
University. But it is far otherwise, on several accounts :
1 st, Because the committee, and their executioners, the visi
tors, expelled several gentlemen, commoners and others, who
were not on 'the several foundations ; as Well as fellows and
scholars of houses. And the register is not always express in
noting this, by suppyling fellow, scholar, ,&c- respectively to
the name of eacja foundation-man. For tbat reason it is not
always apparent, who were of the society, and who Were not.
And could this always be known, the reader is to be informed
in the next place, that s^yeral-of those who were aCtually ex
pelled by the committee of visitors, as far as votes, resolutions
and orders could do it, and as such appear on the register, were
soon after admitted to grace and favour again on their sub-
vol- 1. E mission;

66 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE,
mission ; and so were never, actually and in fact, dispossessed
of their fellowship as the rest were. Now such as these not
belonging to this list, and there not being any light given by
the register to distinguish them ; this of necessity creates a
great deal of confusion. However, in this case, the other
paper mentioned gives us some assistance, because, all or most
of those mentioned in it, were both on the several founda
tions, and totally and actually dispossessed ; except that one
here and there might, after they had been so dispossessed, at
some considerable distance of time, be again restored. Ali
those before mentioned in this college, were certainly ex
pelled, and totally deprived of their fellowship.
George Stradling. A. M. Fellowship.
He was the fourth son of Sir John Stradling, of St. Do-
nat's Castle, in Glamorganshire, knight ; and became a com
moner of Jesus College, Oxford, in Lent term 1636. When
he was sixteen, he took his degree in arts, was elected Junior
Collector of the Bachelors in Lent 1640-1 ; chosen fellow
of All Souls College two years after ; proceeded in arts, and
is ranked by Dr. Walker among them who were wholly dis
possessed -of their fellowships. Wood and Newcourt~say,
that he kept his fellowship during the usurpation, being then
accounted a rare l^t|nist, and much valued by Dr. Wilson
the music professor. But it seems a matter of doubt whether
he was ejeCted or not ; we have however inserted his name as
one of the deprived. After the restoration, he was- made
chaplain to Dr. Sheldon bishop of London, who, December
19, 1660, was admitted to the prebend of Wenlakesbarn, in
the cathedral church of St. Paul ; and on the eleventh of
January following, gave him the sinecure rectory of Fulham^
and on the 25th of the next month, the reCtory of Hanwelfy
both in Middlesex ; which last he resigned 1663. Hewas
created doctor of divinity in 1661, and installed on July 30,.
1663, prebendary of Westminster. In 1671, July 22, he
Was installed chanter of the church of Chichester ; and in
1672, April 23, admitted vicar of Sf. Bride's, London,
which he resigned January 12, 1613.- In 1672, he was
installed dean of Chichester, in the place of Dr. Nathaniel
Crew, promoted to the see of Oxford. He died April 1688,,
and -was buried near the choir of St. Peter's Westminster.
He published — l . Sermons and Discourses on several occasions.,
JjOndon 169?, Svo.
2. Sermon on St. John, 19 c. 15 v.. 1675, 4to.
' ' Timothy

IN THE tJNIVERSlTY OF OXFORD. 67
Timothy Baldwin. Fellowship.
He was the younger son of Charles Baldwin of Burwar-
•ton in Shropshire, gent, became a commoner of Balipl Coll :
in 1634, and fellow of All Souls' in 1640, being then a bache
lor of arts. Dr. Walker says, that he was actually dispos
sessed of his fellowship, but restored to it again through the
interest of Kelsey. At the restoration he was chosen prin
cipal of Hart Hall, now Hertford College ; and was after
wards made chancellor of the diocese of Hereford and Wor
cester. He was made a master in chancery, and received
the honour of knighthood in 1670.
He published " The Written Privileges of an English Em
bassador," in a letter to a friend, whodesired his opinion concerning
the Portugal Embassador, printed in 1654. — A pamphlet in 4to.
Henry Birkhead. A. M. Fellowship.
He was son of John Birkhead, was born in the parish of
St. Gregory, near St. Paul's cathedral, in London ; edu
cated in grammar learning under the famous Mr. Thomas
Farnaby, entered a commoner of Trinity College in Act
term 1663, was admitted scholar thereof on May 28, 1635,
and took his bachelor's degree. Shortly after he was seduced
by a Jesuit, and conveyed to St. Omer's by ohe who called
himself Kemp, a member of the Jesuits' College there. But
being regained to the church of England, through the interest
of Archbishop Laud, he was elected fellow of All Souls' Col
lege in 1638, on account of his philological knowledge, for
which he was much esteemed. He afterwards proceeded in
the faculty of arts, and was made senior in the act celebrated
in 1641, when he entered on the law line. Dr. Walker
places him in the number of those whose expulsion and to
tal deprivation remain uncertain. That he wrote for the
royal cause will presently appear. Wood says, that Mr.
Birkhead .kept his fellowship during the times of the usur
pation, and had liberty allowed him by the delegates of the
university, in April 1653, to propose a dispensation in the
convocation to take the degree of doctor of physic, instead
of that of lawf by accumulation ; but upon condition that
he should perform all the exercises requisite for thafMegree.
But whether he did so, or took that degree, it does not ap
pear. . After the restoration he became registrar of the dio
cese of Norwich, which he resigned in 168L He was al
ways accounted an excellent Latin poet, and a good Grecian;
and was well versed in general literature.
E2 He

68 ALL SOUL'S COLLEGE,
He wrote and published — 1. Poemata in Elegiaca, Iambi™.
Polymetra, Antitechneniata, et Metaphases, membranatim qna-
dripartita. Oxon. 1566, 8vo.
a. Otium Literarum, sive Miscellanea quaedam Poemata, &c.
1656, 8vo.
3. He published, with a preface, some ofthe philological works
of Henry Jacob, in 165 2; and wrote, under the initials ot H.
G. several Latin elegies on divers loyal persons who had suf
fered for the cause of King Charles I.
John Bayly. ? z? // l-j.
y, , , > Fellowship.
Edward Norton. 3
These two were certainly fellows, and voted to be ex
pelled ; but whether they afterwards submitted, and by so
doing retained their fellowships, or not, must be left to fur
ther inquiry. One Edward Norton was admitted , to the
prebend of Neasdon, in the church of St. Paul, in 1679 ;
and afterwards, in 1689, tothat of Mapesbury, in the same
church. But it is a query, whether he was the same person
mentioned in this place. Newc. Rep. Eccles. Vol. 1.
p. 176, 186.
John Pistarch, Charles Edwards, John Wynn,
 Hungerford,
These four, it is thought, were on the foundation. They,
among the rest, were ordered to be expelled by the com
mittee and visitors ; but whether they afterwards made their
peace, or not, is uncertain.
Hugh Boham. Chaplainship.
. He was totally ejected.
. The visitors had, as appears from their own register, by
the end of the year 1 649, placed twenty-six new fellows in
this college; and from that time to August 1654, four
more. Dr. Walker adds, " if I mistake not some informa
tion which I have received from this college, they had by
th'e end of the last-mentioned year elected forty-four fel
lows into it," which may, in some measure, account for the
number of those who were ejeCted. This seems to make it
probable, that several of those who have been before enu
merated as doubtful, were wholly dispossessed, together with
some others whose names do not appear. All the fellows
here, or all but one according to Wood, refused to submit
to the visitation, May 4, 1648.
One William Hamilton, M. A. of tlie university of Glas gow,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, 6 s
gow, who was noted among the presbyterians for a learned
man, was put in fellow of this college in 1749 ; but, upon
refusing to take the independent oath, called the Engage*
nient, he was obliged to leave it in 1651,

BALIOL COLLEGE.
Thomas Laurence, D. D. Master, Margaret-Professor of
Divinity, Treasurer and Prebendary of Litchfield, and Rec
tor of Bemerton in Wiltshire.
He was born in Dorsetshire in 1598, and became a scho
lar of this house in 1614.
He was, in 1614, a scholar of this house, from whence he
was elected to a fellowship in All Souls' college in 1618. He
was afterwards appointed chaplain to King Charles I. ; and,
being in great favour with archbishop Laud, obtained,
through his means, the mastership of this college, and his
other preferments. Dr. Laurence was a considerable suf
ferer for his attachment to the royal cause ; and doubtless
his being a favourite with archbishop Laud, served only to
irritate the faCtion the more against him. His successor in
the professorship was the noted enthusiast Francis Cheynel,
of whom we shall have occasion to speak in the life of Mr.
Chilhngworth. On leaving the university, Dr. Laurence
resided with Colonel Walton, one of the king's judges, to
whom he had been a friend when the colonel was a prisoner
of war at Oxford. By this man's interest he was permitted
to hold the chapelry of Colne, in the parish of Somersham,
in Huntingdonshire, where he died in 1657. " He was a
" man of extensive learning, and a profound theologist,"
says Dr. Walker, who likewise ingenuously adds, that, " af-
" ter the decline of the king's cause, he grew melancholy
" and careless, and did much degenerate in his life and con-
" versation." Wood says, that, " had he lived to the Re-
" storation, he would have been consecrated to a certain
" See in Ireland ;" but which he does not name.
WORKS. Several Sermons on public occasions ; and a MS.
intitled, Index Materiarum et Authorun), in the Bodjpian Li
brary,
E 3 Thomas

70 BALIOL AND BRAZEN NOSE COLLEGES,
Thomas Careless, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in London, and became a student of this
college in 1640, aged 15: but though he was ejected from
his fellowship, yet as he so far complied with the times as
to obtain the rectory of Barnsley, and the vicarage of Ciren
cester in Gloucestershire, under the usurpation, he may
barely be said to deserve a place in this work. In 1651, he
was terra filius. He conformed at the restoration, and died
at Cirencester in 1675,
WORKS. A single Sermon preached on the Coronation of
Charles II, in the Cathedral of Gloucester, on Psalm xxi. 3.
London. 4 to. 1661.
Robert Fielding, A. M. Fellowship.
. In 1653, he took his doctor's degree in physic, and after
wards became fellow ofthe royal college of physicians.
James Thickness, A - M. Fellowship.
He survived the usurpation, and was restored to his place
in this college in 1660.
Besides these persons who were ejected by the visitors.
Dr. Walker gives us the names of the following : Thomas
Clement, A. M. Fellowship. Richard Spurway, A. B.
Fellowship. John Petty, Evans, Okley, Atrield — scholar-;
ships. Hopton, Throgmorton, Timothy Clark, Mat. Her-,
bert, Francis Fitzherbert, Richard Herbert, Robert Haw
kins, John Fifield.

BRAZEN-NOSE COLLEGE.
Samuel Radcliffe, D. D. Principalship, with which he held
the Retlory of Steeple Aston in Oxfordshire.
He was elected principal of this college, December 14,
1614. The doCtor ereCted and endowed a school and an
almshouse in the parish of Steeple Aston. In November
1647 he was summoned before the parliament for having
disowned the authority of the visitors ; and, in December
following, was voted out by the reforming committee, But
,the doCtor paid no attention to this vote of expulsion, and
maintained his post till April, when the earl of Pembroke,
3 attended

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 71
attended by the visitors, broke open the college-gates, and
put Mr. Daniel Greenwood in possession as principal.
A writer of that time, who seems to have been an eye
witness of the earl of Pembroke's visitation, gives us the fol
lowing accpunt of the proceedings here : " Upon Thursday
" night last the visitors came into Brazen-Nose college, went
" into the hall, caused the order from the committee above
" to be read, wherein it was declared, that Dr. Ratcliffe was
" thought guilty, by the Commons, of high contempt of
" parliament, and thereupon resolved that he should be re-
** moved from being principal, and Mr. Greenwood should
*' be made principal in his place. The visitors, without
*' more ado, (Dr. Ratcliffe, the principal, remaining in full
" possession, and his place being never declared actually
" void,) put Mr. Greenwood into possession. But you must
*' not call this an error among them, with whom it hath
" ever passed current, that the house which they have a
"' mind unto, admitteth not of the distinction of plena et
K vacua, voidable and voided, but is as pervious to these
*' men, as is the air to a celestial body, or the light. Well,
u Sir, the earl of Pembroke telleth Mr. Greenwood, out of
** the unerring chaire which ruleth at the high-masse at
*' Brazen-Nose, that he was principal. And Mr. Cheynell
*' immediately telleth my lord; that he must now rise out of
" the chaire, and give Mr. Greenwpod the place : the first
" precedent that stny called Chancellour gave way to any in
" the university. But the headie Cheynell would haye it
" so ; and the good dutiful lord obeyed,' and came out of
" the chaire, and set Mr. Greenwood in it ; and then Mr.
" Greenwood came out, and both of them together went
*' out of the colledge ; so they were in and out, and out and
*' in, and out throughout !" See a tract, intitled, Halifax
Law translated to Oxon, or the New Visitors' Justice dis
played, in a Letter to a Friend, concerning the late Refor
mation begun there by the Earl of Pembroke, &c. 1648.
Dr. Radcliffe lay at that time very ill, and died in June
following, when the fellows, disregarding the authority
which had imposed Greenwood upon them, proceeded to
an election according to the statute; and, on the 13th of
July, chose Thomas Yate, B. D. to the Principalship.
He had also the living of Middleton-Cheney in North-
3mptonshire ; but he was not suffered long to hold quiet
E 4 possession

n BRAZEN NOSE COLLEGE,
possession of his place, if, indeed, he ever had any posses^
sion at all. He suffered also many hardships at his living,
from whence at length he was totally ejeCted. He survived
the usurpation, however, and, in 1660, was restored to both
his places, being also created D. D. He lived many years;
afterwards. Ralph Rawson. Fellowship.
Dr. Walker gives him a high charader for loyalty and
learning. He appears to have been an excellent tutor, and
yery zealous in promoting the king's interests. It is no
wonder, therefore, that the visitors quickly expelled him,
with insult, and that he suffered much from the faCtious
party. When Sir George Booth endeavoured to rouse the
people to the royal standard, Mr. Rawson took an aCtive
part in the cause, and on its failure w^s forced to fly into
Lancashire, where he passed by the name of Fitz-Ralph.
He was there hospitably received by Thomas Preston, Esq.
^ worthy loyalist, in whose house he used to officiate pri-i
vately to some members of the church of England, accord-?
• ing to the liturgy. He died in 1684, but without having
received any preferment at tjie restoration, though he had
done so much for the royal cause. But, as Dr. Walker in-i
timates that he died " distracted," this loss of reason may
have been the cause of the neglect which he experienced.
Byrom Eaton. Fellowship.
He lived to the restoration, at which time he was created
D. D. and soon after became principal of Gloucester-hall,
and successively archdeacon of Stow and Leicester, and died
at a very advanced age.
Dr. Walker gives us the names of several other members
of this society, but says, at the same time, that he was igno-,
rant whether' any of them were utterly expelled. It appears
evident, however, that some fellows, besides these above
mentioned, were dispossessed, for the visitors, from July 1 8,
1648, to Noy. 6, 1649, appointed no less than Uventy-one
fellows, (or fellows and scholars,) together with a bible-clerk,
and therefore many stedfast characters must have suffered to
make room for these intruders. Indeed the honest firmness
manifested by the fellows of this college in opposing the ap
pointment of Greenwood, and in choosing Mr. Yate to the
principalship, must have rendered the whole body pecu-»
Jiarly obnoxious to the visitors^
CHRIST,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 73

CHRIST-CHURCH.
Samuel Fell, D, D, Deanry. Prebend of Wenhci Barnes,
in the Church of St. Paul,
He was born in the parish of St. ClementJDanes, without
Temple Bar, and eleCted, from Westminster school, student
of Christ-church in 1601. He completed his master's dei
gree in 1608, was eleCted proctor ofthe university in 1614,
admitted bachelor of divinity in the next year, and about
the same time became minister of Freshwater in the Isle of
Wight. In 1619 he was installed canon of this church,
and the same year proceeded in divinity, being about that
time domestic chaplain to king James I. In 1626 hewas
made margaret professor, and, in consequence thereof, pre-i
bendary of Worcester. About that time the prebend was
annexed to the professorship. He was afterwards noticed
by archbishop Laud, and by his interest was first made dean
of Litchfield ; and in the year 1637, obtained the deanry' of
Christ-church. On the breaking out of the rebellion he
proved himself a steady loyalist, and in 1642 was ordered
into custody by the parliament for sending money and plate
to his majesty ; but he secured himself at that time by flight.
Much about the same period he was in some measure plun-f
dered, and had his trunk seized and carried away by the
soldiers of Lord Say. When the Oxford visitation came on
in 164 r, he happened, to the great honour as well of the
university as of himself, to be vice chancellor, And he dis
charged that great trust, at a junCture of such hazard and dif
ficulty, with all the conduct, resolution, steadiness and fide-,
lity which might be expected from a man of his character.
On which account, on the 8th of October 1647, he was di-i
vested of his office, as far as the authority of a paper affixed
by the visitors to the gates of the schools would do it. After
that he was taken into custody by an order of the parliament,
dated the 12th of the same month ; and on the 28th of De
cember following, was voted out of his deanry, by the com
mittee for reforming the university, who transmitted a copy
of their prder for that purpose to the visitors, their execu
tioners. These sent it to Dr. Hammond, the sub-dean, for
publication : he boldly' and honestly refused to do it. How
long he remained in custody is uncertain, but he was in con
finement in London, March 30, 1 648, Some weeks before
|hat period, the parliament had ordered the quiet possession
7 pf

74 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
of the lodgings to be delivered to Dr. Reynolds, with a
command to the visitors to have the order put in execution :
they accordingly had it pasted against the doors. But neither
Mrs. Fell, nor any one of the servants, so much were the visi
tors contemned by the meanest of the university, paid the
least regard to it. But at length, April 12, 1648, the chan
cellor in person, attended by the visitors, and these sup
ported by a party of soldiers, came to the lodgings, and findi
ing Mrs. Fell could not be prevailed upon by any means to
deliver them up, they ordered the soldiers to take him up
in his chair, not without much reviling and abuse, and carry
him out by violence into the quadrangle, where they set
him down. They did the same to his daughter, and other
ladies of the family. Lloyd adds, that Mrs. Fell was at that
time indisposed, and that when Dr. Reynolds some time
after, upon the prevailing of independency, was forced to
yield possession to Dr. Owen, his own wife was in the same
condition, and was carried out in the same manner. Dr.
Fell did not long survive his troubles. Having at length
obtained his liberty, he retired to his parsonage of Sunning-
well, and there died February 1648-9, and was buried in the
chancel of that church.
He wrote and published — 1. Primitiae sive Oratio habita Oxo.
Dia? ir. Schola Theologian, Nov. 9. an. 1 62O.
2. Concio Latina ad Baccalaureos die cinerum, in Colos.
2. 8.— 1627.
Henry Hammond, D. D. The second Canonry and Sub-
deanry, also, the University Oratorship. Archdeaconry of
Chichester, and the ReElory of Penshurst in Kent.
This most learned and pious divine was the youngest son
of Dr. John Hammond, physician to Henry Prince of Wales,
and was born at Cfrertsey in Surry, August 18, 1605 ; and
so great was the esteem which that excellent prince had for
the doctor, that he stood godfather to his son, and gave him
his christian name. By his mother's side he was descended
from the learned Dr. Alexander Nowel, dean of St. Paul's.
He made so rapid a progress in the rudiments of learning
under his father, who was himself a profound scholar, as to
be sent to Eton school while a mere child. Here his sweet-
. ness of temper and behaviour were so remarkable, that dur
ing the whole time of his continuance, he was never engaged
in any quarrel; and at the time allowed for play, he would
frequently step away from his companions into places pf
privacy

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 76
privacy to say his prayers. Tokens these of his future pa
cific disposition and eminent piety. At the age of thirteen
he was found qualified for the university, and was accord
ingly sent to Magdalen College, Oxford, where not long after
he was chosen a demy, and as soon as his age would admit
was elected fellow.
On taking his first degree, he began to apply himself to
the study of divinity ; but on second thoughts he returned
for a time to human learning, and when he resumed his pur
pose, instead of having recourse to modern systems, he
thought it best to search for primitive truth in the primitive
writers, in which course it were to be wished that all theolo
gical students would take him for an example. In 1629,
being then 24 years of age, agreeable to the statutes of his
college, he entered into holy orders, and shortly after took
his degree of B. D. During the whole time of his abode in
the university, he usually spent thirteen hours a day in his
study, in consequence of which he not only became ac
quainted with all the sufficient systems of philospphy, but
read over all the classic authors ; and upon the more con
siderable, wrote, as he passed, scholia and emendations,
and drew up indexes for his private use. In 1633, at the
request of Dr. Frewen, the king's chaplain, he supplied his
place at court, where he gave so much satisfaction to the
earl of Leices =r, that he presented him to the reCtory of
Penshurst in Kent, which living was then void. We now
turn with oieasure' to contemplate the laborious student in
his rural retirement, as an exemplary parish priest.
In the discharge of his ministerial duties, he was remark
ably zealous and diligent. He preached constantly every
Sunday, and took great pains, in the composition of his dis
courses, not to refine them into elegant obscurity, or to de
corate them with learned quotations ; but to render them
intelligible and instructive to the capacities of the most com- «
mon of his hearers. He adopted the judicious custom of
the pious; Dr. John Donne, dean of St. Paul's, which was at
the close of every Lord's day to fix upon a subject for his next
discourse, by which means he had an entire week to cplleCfc
his materials, and to arrange them in proper order. He did
not, however, content himself with, this ordinary course of
his ministerial duty, but read prayers either in his house, pr
in church, for his people, every day. His family concerns
were superintended by his mother, who was a woman of
primitive piety, and to whom he paid a more than common degree

76 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
degree of filial obedience. The holy eucharist he adminis
tered once every month, though it had usually been celebrated
only four times a year. The money received at the offer
tory he put into a common treasury, employing it for such
charitable purposes as occurred. A considerable part of it
was laid out in apprenticing poor children. But his own
charities' arising out of his income were widely diffused, and
as wisely regulated. For the relief of the poor he set apart
a tenth of his income, and whatever losses he might sustain
himself, still the indigent pensioners on his bounty had no
reason to complain, for they were as punctually and fully re*
lieved as if his revenue had experienced no diminution. So
truly noble was his mind, that he often refnitted his rights
when he thought the party could not pay him without suf
fering inconvenience. Of this, one instance out of many'
shall suffice. He had made a bargain with one of his parish,,
oners, to receive so much for the tithe of a large meadow,
and according to the agreement received part of the money
at the beginning of the year. During hay-harvest, a sudden
flood deluged the meadow, and wholly spoiled the produce.
The tenant, however, came punctually and offered the rec
tor the last payment according to contract ; but so far from
receiving it, he generously returned him the former sum,
saying to the poor man, " God forbid that I should take the
tenth, when you have not the ninth part !"
He took great pains in hearing and reconciling any difn
ferences that happened .among his parishioners, and always
gave satisfaction to both parties, by his equitable decisions
and excellent advice. By this means he so much engaged
their affeCtion, that no person of his calling was better be
loved when present, nor more regretted when absent, than
he was by his flock, of which these two instances are proofs
The one, that being driven away, and his books plundered,
one of his neighbours bought them, and preserved them for
him till the end of the war ; the other, that during his abode
at Penshurst, he never had a single dispute about his dues,
but had his tithes fully paid, and that with the greatest
chearfulness. He was careful in his attendance upon the
sick, nor even failed in that duty when the disorder was con,-
tagious, saying always, " He was as much in God's hands in
the sick chamber as elsewhere." To the poor in such cases
he was a most liberal benefaCtor, not only supplying them
with spiritual consolation, but with temporal conveniences.
For the insft-uClion Pf youth in the principles of piety, h\s
custom

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 77
custom was, during the warmer season of the year, to -spend
an hour before evening prayer in catechizing, intermingling
the whole with easy expositions, which rendered this exer
cise not only serviceable to the catechumens themselves, but
to the elder part of the congregation ; and he was wont to
say, " that they reaped more benefit from hence than from
his sermons." He likewise provided his parish with a reli
gious and able schoolmaster. The parsonage house being
much decayed, ahd very inconvenient, he repaired and en
larged it at a considerable expence.
Thus employed was this good man, during the whole pe
riod of his residence, in all those duties which dignify the
character of a clergyman, and render him a truly valuable
member of society.
In 1639, he took his degree of D. D. ; and about the same
time was member of the convocation, called the Short Par
liament. When the assembly of divines was appointed,
his eminent learning and moderation procured him the dis
tinction of being nominated a member ; but the doctor had
too deep a sense of his duty to the king and to the church,
to honour an assembly with his presence, which was called in
direct violation of the royal authority, and for the express
purpose of ruining episcopacy.
Though the storm gathered daily, and rebellion and sa
crilege made horrible ravages throughout the land, the doc
tor continued in his usual course at his beloved Penshurst,
till the middle of July, when he was obliged to fly, together
With his eld friend and fellow-pupil, Dr. Oliver, to avoid
being apprehended as adherents to the king ; a reward of
1001. being set on the head cf Dr. Hammond. They first
sought an asylum with Dr. Buckner ; after which, not think
ing themselves safe, they proceeded'on to Winchester, where
was a royal garrison ; but, on the way, news came that Dr.
Oliver was chosen president of his college, in the rpom of
Dr. Frewen, made bishop of I_,itchfield and Coventry. Upon
this the two friends altered their intentions, and resolved to
go to Oxford. Here Dr. Hammond having procured apart
ments in his college, sought that peace in study which was
no where else to be had, taking no other diversion than in
the instruction which he afforded to young students, and in
the satisfaction he received from the conversation of learned
men. The court beirig then at Oxford, his great worth
could not but make him acceptable to it ; especially as a
treaty was then negociating between his majesty and fhe par
liament

78 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
liament for the composing of the unhappy differences whiefit
rent the Church and State. The duke of Richmond and the.
earl of .Southampton being sent to London, Dr. Hammond
attended them as chaplain ; and soon after he was appointed
one ofthe divines to assist the king's commissioners at the,
treaty of Uxbridge, where he disputed wifh the noted
Richard Vines, one of the presbyterian ministers, on the
Divine Right of Episcopacy. Vines was a shallow, conceited
man, and pne pf the most active trumpeters of the rebellion*
But though he was soon silenced by the learning and argu-j
ments of his antagonist, he and h:s party had the assurance
afterwards to assert, that the victory lay on his side, and
that Dr. Hammond, being completely nonplussed, fell into a
passion, and swore that though he had not then a reply ready
for him, yet he could answer him. Such was the modesty of
these sectaries, for all who knew the doCtor were as ready to
believe his being guilty of passionate swearing, as that he
could be confuted by the whole host of presbyterian divines.
To this calumny, however, the doctor condescended to pub
lish, a reply. Jn 1'644, the king promoted him to a canonry
in Christ-church ; and about the same time the university
chose him for their public orator. Hewas also appointed
one of his majesty's chaplains, and it seems that he was the
last whom that excellent prince chose in that capacity. He
constantly attended on the person of his royal and beloved
master in his varibus places of confinement, as well from af
fection as from a mere sense of duty ; and the, regard which
the king entertained for him, was proportioned to his emi
nent worth and loyalty. At length the extreme malice of
the rebels was carried to the barbarous height of forbidding
the doctor from attending the king any longer ; but it must
be observed, that this was at the time when they were resolv
ing to crown all their deeds of blackness, by bringing their
sovereign to the scaffold. Dr. Hammond had followed his
master from one prison to another, till his fatal confinement
In Carisbrooke Castle in the Isle of Wight. There also he
attended upon him with the greatest assiduity, till the regi
cides thought proper to deprive the royal victim even of the
common consolation afforded to the most- guilty malefaCtors,
that of having spiritual advisers of their own persuasion,
" But the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel ;" and these
fanaticks, who were evidently guided in their evil work,
more by a deep malignant spirit of hypocritical wickedness,
than by a sudden impulse of political phrenzy, were deter*
mined

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 79
mirted to give a sharper edge to every part of their proceed
ings, in order to aggravate the .misery of the royal sufferer.
It is well known that the whole faCtion pretended to an ex
traordinary regard for religion throughout the whole of the
rebellion ; and that they had no other aim than to procure
constitutional liberty and a pure worship : such was then-
pretence — But what was their conduct ? They impri
soned the king, and deprived him of his chaplains — they ba
nished from his presence the pious and peaceable divines,
whose prayers and exhortations terfded to wean him from
this troublesome scene, and to prepare him for that great and
better change which he could not but see near at hand.
Such was the spirit and conduct of these great pretenders to
sanCtity and liberty.
Dr. Hammond, thus banished from a prison, where, from
a regard to the illustrious monarch who was confined
therein, he wished to have remained, measured back his
steps in a melancholy spirit to the university, where he was
chosen sub-dean of his cohere- This office he discharged
with admirable diligence, relieving the necessitous in their
wants, exciting the vicious to sobriety, encouraging the vir
tuous to diligence, and inventing stratagems to tempt the
idle to a love of study. But, above all, he prepared his charge
for the impending persecution, that they might adorn their
profession, and suffer not as evil doers, but for the cause of
righteousness. At length the threatened tempest came on : for, in No
vember 1647, he was summoned before the committee for
reformation of the university, then sitting 'at London ; and
in a few months after he was ejected from his canonry and
orator's place. The accusations laid against him were, his
refusing to submit to the authority of the visitors ; beirig
concerned in drawing up the reasons which were presented
to the convocation against the authority of that visitation ;
and his refusing to publish the visitors orders for the e±-
pulsion of several of the members of Christ-church. Such
were the reasons on which these inquisitors thought propel
to displace the ablest scholar, and perhaps best divine in the
whole university. But, not content with this act, they made
him a close prisoner for ten weeks at Oxford, and' then sent
him to the house of Sir Philip Warwick in Bedfordshire,
where, however, he was more at his ease. On gaining his
liberty, he went to reside with the loyal Sir John Packing-
ton of Westwood in Worcestershire, whose excellent lady
appears

50 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE^
appears to have the strongest claims tP the honour of
writing the Whole Duty of Man. Here the doctor took
up his abode for the remainder of his days, which he spent
in constant study, devotion, and the exercise of good
works. He took every opportunity of assisting the loyal sufferers
abroad; and, though this great duty was declared treason
by the men in power, he continued to send over several
sums for their relief. But this practice had narrowly proved
his ruin, for the person to whom he had entrusted a com
mission of this kind was seized, and the doctor's letters were
delivered toCromwell. However,no notice was taken of him »
and he persevered in the same charitable course during the
remainder of the usurpation. He began now severely to
feel the effeCts of his rigid and intense mortifications, being
attacked by four different diseases at once, each of them
sufficiently afflictive to render life a burden, the stone, the
gout, the cholic, and the cramp ; the last of which was
as troublesome as any ofthe others. But this complication
of complaints he bore with the greatest calmness and resig
nation. During the whole course of that tyranny under
which the nation groaned for so many years, he preserved
a constant serenity and indifference to outward incidents ;
but when circumstances indicated a favourable change, he1-
began to be pensive and concerned. He saw clearly that he
should be called into a busier sphere of action than he
had hitherto moved in ; and though he rejoiced at the pro
spect as a public good, he sighed for that better world where
he should rest in peace. " I must confess," said he to a
friend, " that I never saw that time in all my life, wherein
" I could say so chearfully my nunc dimittis as now. Indeed
" I do dread prosperity, I do really dread it % for the little
" good I am able to do, I can do it with deliberation and
" advice ; but if please God I should live, and be called to
".any higher office in the church, I must then do many
" things in a hurry, and shall not then have time to con-
" suit with others ; and I sufficiently apprehend the danger
" of relying upon my own judgment."
And it pleased God to grant his desire. At the opening
of the year 1 660, when every thing visibly tended to the
restoration of the king, the doCtor was desired to repair to
London, to assist in repairing the sad breaches which had
been made in the church. This summons he v:.s reluc
tantly going to obey, when, on the 4-th of April, he was
seized

IN THE U&IVEkSlf Y OF OXFORD. 81
seized with so violent a fit of the stone, that his life was
despaired of: however he languished on till the 25th of
that month. During this period he eminently manifested
the superlative excellence pf the Christian principles ; for he
bore his acute disorder with the greatest patience, desiring
his friends, who shewed much anxiety for his life, to pray
only that he might be fitted for his change. He himself,
with great affeCtion, interceded for the church and nation^
and for the revival of practical religion, then so much de
cayed. On the 20th of April, being Good Friday, he
solemnly received the sacrament ; and again on Easter-
Sunday. His devotion, notwithstanding his indisposition,
in the act of celebration, was remarkably lively, yet accom
panied by the deepest humility, which discovered itself in
this pathetic ejaculation ; for on hearing these Words of the
Apostle pronounced, fesus Christ came into the world to save
sinners, he emphatically rejoined, Of whom I am chief!"
About this time he was seized with a violent bleeding,
which was succeeded by a lethargic drowsiness, a sure sign
of his approaching dissolution. At the tithe of prayer,
though he returhed every response, yet he greatly lamented
his heaviness, saying, " Alas ! this is all the return I shall
u make to his mercy, to sleep at prayers."
When he was in pain, he often prayed for patience ; and*
While he did so, evidently manifested that his' prayer was
heard, for he exercised not only this, but thankfulness too ;
in his greatest extremity crying out, " Blessed be God !
" blessed be God !"
He behaved to his attendants with great affeCtion, conde
scending to every proposal, and obeying, with all mildness,
every advice of his physicians. Nor was it a wonder that
he should so accept the endeavours of his friends, when he
had a tender consideration and kindness for his enemies,
even the most inveterate and bloody. When a defeat ofthe
rebels was mentioned with exultation in his presence, the
only triumph he took was that of charity, saying, with tears
in his eyes, " Poor souls, I beseech God to forgive them 1"
The short remainder of his life he employed in admini
stering relief to those about him. He dispensed his best of
-legacies, his blessings, most passionately exhorting the young
hopes of the family, whose fir st innocence, and shame of do
ing ill, he advised them always to preserve ; to be just to
their education, and maintain inviolable their baptismal
vow ; then he more generally cpmmended tp all the great ad-
Voj,. I. ¦ F vantage

82 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
vantage of friendly admonitions. And when Lady Pack-
ington asked him what more special thought he would re
commend to her during her whole life, he briefly replied,
" Uniform obedience."
On the evening ofthe 25th of April 1660, he breathed
his soul into the hands of his Saviour, whom he had so
faithfully served throughout his life. A few minutes before
his departure he uttered these words, which were his last,
Lord, make haste !
• On the next day, agreeable to his own desire, he was bu
ried, without any pomp, in the neighbouring church of
Hampton,, with the usual rites of the church of England;
several of the gentry and clergy of the county attending, be
sides a vast concourse of common people. The clergy
thought it an honour, as undoubtedly it was, to bear his re
mains on their shoulders to the church, where they are de
posited in the vault belonging to the worthy family in
which he had resided.
- At the time of his death he was nominated to the see of
Worcester, and certainly no man was so well qualified at
that time to fill that high station ; but his own wish was to
remove to the church triumphant, and to join the glorious
hierarchy above ; and the great head of the church granted
his request.
Dr. Hammond was a very handsome man, tall and grace
ful ; his complexion clear and florid ; his eye quick and
sprightly ; and his face carried dignity and attraction with
it, being scarcely ever clouded with a frown, or so much as
darkened by reservedness. His constitution was strong, and
capable of enduring great fatigue. As to his mind, his judg
ment was sound, clear, and penetrating ; his invention fruit
ful, nay inexhaustible ; from whence proceeded his grear
readiness in composing ; for he dispatched his writings with
incredible swiftness, usually composing faster than his ama
nuensis, though a very dexterous person, could write. His,
Considerations on the present Use of Episcopacy were drawn up
after ten o'clock at night, in the chamber of a friend, who
professed that, sitting by all the while, he remembered not
that he took off his pen from the paper till he had done ;.
and the very next morning, it being fully approved of by
the bishop of Salisbury, Dr. Duppa, he sent it to the press.
With regard to his moral conduct, he was most eminent
for every virtue which can adorn human nature : his charity
was most admirable ; misery and want never fell in his way
without

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 8*
without finding compassion and relief. His temperance was
likewise most exemplary ; his diet was of the plainest kind ;
and sauces he scarcely ever could be prevailed upon to taste,
often expressing his surprise " how rational creatures should
eat for any thing but health ; since he who ate or drank
that which might cause a fit of the stone or gout, though a
year after, unmanned himself, and acted as a beast."
His temperance in sleep was similar to that of diet, mid
night being his usual time for going to rest ; four or five,
very rarely six, the hour of rising. Every social virtue
shone in him with the brightest lustre. He was uncom
monly fond of friendship, reckoning it next to religion ; and
reflecting with compassion on those who were strangers, or
indifferent to it, saying, " that they must lead a very insi-
" pid life." He was likewise a man of prodigious diligence
and industry, not only avoiding, but having a perfect hatred
of idleness, and recommending nothing in his writings, pub
lic and private, with so much earnestness as this, " to be
" furnished constantly with something to do." On this
subject it is worth while to transcribe his own remarks in
his own forcible language : " No burden," says he, " is
" heavier, or temptation more dangerous, than to have time
" lie on our hands, the idle man's brains being not only the
" devil's shop, but his kingdom too ; a model of, and ap-
" pendage to hell, a place given up to torment and mis*
" chief." Besides those portions of time which the necessities of
nature and civil life extorted from him, there was not a mi
nute of the day which he left vacant. When he walked
abroad,' he always took a book with him ; and, in his cham
ber, one constantly lay open. His biographer, Dr. Fell,
makes the following observations upon this part of his cha
racter : " He who shall consider his laborious way, immerst
*' in almost infinite quotations, to which the turning over
(t books, and consulting their several editions, was abso-
" lutely needful ; his obligation to read, not only classic
" authors, but the rhore recent abortions of the press,
" wherein he proved frequently concerned ; his perusal of
" the writings of his friends and strangers designed for the
" press ; his reviews of his own works, and correcting them
" with his own hands, sheet by sheet, as they were printed,
" which he did to all his latter tracts ; his receptions of vi-
" sits, whether of civility or of consequence, or information
" in points of difficulty, which were numerous and great
F 2 " devourers

Si CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
" devourers of his time ; his agency for men of quality, pro?
" viding them schoolmasters for their children, and cha-
" plains in their houses, in which affair he set up a kind of
" office ; his general correspondences by letter, whereof
" some cost him ten, others twenty, thirty, forty, nay
" sixty sheets of paper, and even took up two days of the
" week entirely ; the time exhausted by his sicknesses ; his
" constant preaching, and instructing the family where he
"was ; and, amidst all, his sure returns of prayer : all thess
" were sufficient proofs of his uncommon diligence."
We shall now conclude the character of this brilliant lu
minary of the church, in the words of bishop Burnet, at
the same time entering our caveat against the latitudinarian
sentiment conveyed in them respecting the supposed conduct
of Dr. Hammond, had he happily lived to have assisted in
the re-settlement of the church : — " His death," says the
bishop, " was an unspeakable loss to the church : for, as
" he was a man of great learning and of most eminent me-
*' rit, he having been the person who, during those bad
" times, had maintained the cause of the church in a very
" singular manner ; so he was a moderate man in his tem-
" per, though with a high principle, and probably would have
" fallen into healing counsels. He was also much set on rer
" forming abuses, and for raising in the clergy a due sense
" of the obligations they lay under."
The most considerable of his writings are, 1 . A Commen
tary on the New Testament, folio, an edition of which, but
garbled, was published by Le Clerc, at Amsterdam. 2. A Com
mentary on the Book of Psalms, folio. 3. A Practical Cate
chism, 8vo, of which many editions have been published.. This
is, indeed, the best practical system of divinity in our language.
All his Miscellaneous Works were collected and published in
four volumes folio, 1684, by the reverend Mr. Fulman, of whom,
and his obligations to Dr. Hammond, some account will be seen
in another parr of our Work.
It was ;he laudable pradice of the late excellent Dr. Samuel
Johnson, to give or recommend Dr. Hammond's Works to those
of his friends who were about to enter into holy orders,
Thomas Iles, D. D. First Canonry.
He had been student of this college, and prebendary of
Gloucester, and was some time principal of Hart-hall, and,
in the year 1632, succeeded Dr. William Peirse, afterwards
bishop of Bath and Wells, in the canonrv. In December
7 1647,

IN THE^JNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. ft*
1647, he was voted out of his canonry by the • reforming
committee in London, and, on the 2d of March following,
was dispossessed by force and violence. Nor was this all :
they likewise set a guard over his lodgings, that he should
not carry away his goods ; and, on the J 7th, threatened to
take him into custody for disobeying the orders of the par
liament. By these iniquitous proceedings Dr. lies was quite
ruined, and died, probably of grief, before the restoration.
Henry Wilkinson sen. was placed, by the same authority,
in his room. Richard Gardiner, D. D. Third Canonry.
He was born and educated in the city of Hereford, be
came student of Christ-church about the year 1607, took
the degrees in arts, and, in 1629, was installed canon of this
church. In the following year he proceeded in divinity,
and was made one of the chaplains in ordinary to King
Charles I. In 1648 he was thrust out of his canonry by
the parliamentary visitors, for not yielding obedience to their
master's orders ; and made way for Christ. Rogers, D. D.
who succeeded to his place, but who was forced to give it
up again in July 1660. For twelve years he lived in ob
scurity in Oxon. After the "return of king Charles II. he
was restored to what he had lost ; and whatever he got
from that time to the day of his death he bestowed on cha
ritable uses, his relations, and the college from which he de
rived his learning. He died Dec. 20, 1670. Part of his
epitaph runs thus : " Cum diu se magna cum laude exercuis-
" set, majore eodem cessit : fanaticorum furoribus fortunis
" omnibus exutus : ut fidem, quam Deo et Principi obliga-
" verat illibatam rejineret, Postliminio tandem restituitur
*' eadem constantia, qua erepias spreverat opes, contemnebat
." afiluentes."-^He gave the fountain in the quadra»gle of
this college.— He pubUshed many Sermons :
1. A sermon at St, Mary's, on ACt-Sunday J 622, on Gen. xiv.
8. l6f>2.
2. On Christmas-day, on John i. the beginning of the 14th
verse. 1 638-.
3. On Easter-day, at Oxford, in St. Peter's, on Rom, viii, 11.
4. On the Epiphany, Matt- »• 2- 16S9.
5, At St. Paul's church, on his Majesty's day of inauguration,
g?th March 1642, on 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. 1642.
p", Sixteed Sermons preached in the university of Oxford, and at
F 3 Court,

86 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
Court, 1659. On John ii. 11.; and the third on Luke viL part
ofthe 47th verse.
7. At Bow-church in London, on the anniversary meeting of
Herefordshire Natives, 24th June 1(358, on St. John xix. 27.
1650. 8. Concio ad Clerum in Templo B. Maris:, 14th Feb. in
1 Tim. iv. 14. Ox. 1631.
9. Specimen Oratorium, Lond, 16.53, in which is, 1. A Let
ter from the university of Oxford to King James I. 2. Oration
in the Convocation when the members of the university received
them. 3. Funeral Oration on Dr. Budden, 1620. 4. Oratio^
in King Henry VII.'s Chapei at Westminster, llth Nov. l6'40.
S. Gratulation of the King's safe Return from Edghill Battle,
2gth Ofb. ]642 ; republished in 1657, and in ]6'6i', with the ad
ditions of, 1, Art. Bac. et Ed. Ch. Oxon. Progymnasmata,
2. Epistolas nonnullae e cumulo e^cerptae, nomine Subdecani
inscriptae. 3. Orationes et epistola;, Sec. All which were again
printed at Oxford 1668, 1675, &c.
Rdbert Payne, D. D. Fourth Canonry.
He obtained this preferment in the year 1638 ; and, when
the visitation came on, shared the same fate with the other
worthy members of this church, being voted out of his ca
nonry by the committee, March 30, 1638. He was at that
time treasurer. They afterwards seized him by a messen
ger, and hurried him to London. When he was set at
liberty, he retired to the house of Sir John Buckhurst, at
Swalfield in Berkshire, and died there after the news of the
king's defeat at Worcester. He was a most learned excel
lent man. John Miller, LL. D. succeeded him in his ca
nonry ; but he w?.s soon after removed, by another order of
the committee, to Dr. Morris's canonry, when there was
another successor appointed in Dr. Payne's room,
Edward Pococke, B. D. Fourth Canonry, and the Hebrew
' end Arabick Professorships.
This divine, the most eminent orientalist of his time, was
born November 8, 1604, in the city of Oxford. Being de
signed from his infancy for the church, he was sent early
to the free-school at Tame, in that county, the master of
which, Mr. R. Butcher, was then in great repute. Under
his care our author was prepared for the university ; and,
at the age of fourteen, was entered a commoner of Magdalen
Hall; whence, in about twrf years, he was removed tb
Corpus

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 87
Corpus Christi College, where his merit had obtained him
a scholarship. He was admitted to it December 11, 1620,
and put under the tuition of Mr. Gamaliel Chase, a person
of great piety and learning ; by whose assistance Mr. Po-
cocke pursued the usual academical courses, with a com
mendable diligence, till he took his bachelor's degree, Nov.
28, 1622. But applying himself soon after to the eastern
languages, that branch of learning proved so agreeable to
his taste, that it became the chief object of his studies
during the rest of his life. This he prosecuted with inde-t,
fatigable industry, and excelled all his contemporaries
therein. He commenced master of arts, March 8, 1626 ;
and Ludovicus de Dieu publishing a Syriac version of the
Apocalypse at Leyden the following year, Mr. Pococke,
after his example, began to prepare these four epistles,
which were still wanting to a complete edition of the New
Testament in that language, having met with a manuscript
jn the Bodleian library fit for his purpose. He was en
gaged in this work when he was admitted probationer-fellow
of his college, July 24, 1628, and finished it in a few
months after : but, as the most ingenious minds are often
the most diffident, he laid it by, not having courage to
resolve upon a publication, till the fame of ¦ it, in 1629,
introduced him to the acquaintance of the learned Gerard
John Vossius ; who, being then at Oxford, obtained his
consent to carry it to Leyden, where it was printed that
year in 4to. under the immediate care and inspection of
Dr. Dieu. The same year, December 20, he was ordained
priest, having entered into deacon's orders some time be
fore ; and being appointed chaplain to the English faCtory
at Aleppo, he arrived at that place October 1, 1630. He
left Oxford with great regret ; but, as his situation in tha
east furnished an opportunity of accomplishing his skill in
the Arabic tongue, he omitted no means of compassing
that end. In this view, among other methods, he agreed
with a shaick, a doctor called Phutallah, to attend him
frequently ; and entertained one Hamet as a servant by
the year, that he might, on every occasion, converse fa
miliarly in it. He likewise translated several Arabic books ;
and, amongst others, a collection of six thousand proverbs,
containing the wisdom of the Arabians, and referring to
the most remarkable occurrences in their history. October
30, 1631, he received a commission from Dr. Laud, then
bishop of London, tP purchase for hjm such ancient cpins,
F 4 and

88 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
and such manuscripts, either in Greek or the original lan-f
guages, as he judged most proper for the university. In
1636 he received a letter from Dr. Laud, then archbishop
of Canterbury, informing him of his design to found an
Arabic lecture at Oxford, and of naming him to the uni
versity for his first professor. Upon this agreeable news
he settled his affairs at Aleppo, and returned home imT
mediately. On his arrival at Oxford this year, he took his
degree of B. D. the scholastic exercises for which he per
formed on these two questions : 1 . Whether pilgrimage
to places called -holy, undertaken on account of religion,
are to be approved ?" 2. " Whether there be any such
thing as purgatory ?" The former, for he maintained both
in the negative, was levelled against the Council of Trent,
which had declared these pilgrimages to be very pious.
His Latin sermon, upon this occasion, was attended by the
king's commissioners, then at Oxford, on the business of
confirming the present body of statutes, which had been
lately compiled under the direction of archbishop Laud,
then chancellor ofthe university.
The archbishop's nomination of him, for his lecturer in
the Arabic tongue, being confirmed on the 8th of August
1636, he opened his lecture on the 10th with ap excellent
Latin speech, giving an account of the nature and useful
ness ofthe Arabic tongue ; and performed it afterwards in
such a manner as shewed a conscientious, resolution to make
the design really useful. Our professor, on his coming to
Oxford, found his leCture settled by the founder to a per
petuity ; but the iniquity of the times hindered him from
proceeding to any considerable purpose, either in that or
the other designs in Arabic and Rabbinical learning, which
he had undertaken through a willingness to answer the
expectations that were now every where entertained of
him, as the first person in Europe for oriental learning.
In 1643 he was presented by his college to the rectory of
Childrey, a valuable living in Berkshire ; and in 1 646 mar
ried a daughter of Thomas Burdet, esq. of West-Wortharn
in Hampshire. In 1 648, upon the death of Dr. J. Morris,
he was appointed Hebrew professor, and, consequently,
canon of Christ Church. This was done by the special
favour of the king, then prisoner in the Isle of Wight ;
and afterwards by the committee for the reformation of the
jmiversity of Oxford.
The learned Selden, one of the committee, shewed him self,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 89
pelf, at that period, a real friend to Mr. Pococke, who,
though he then submitted to the visitors appointed by par
liament to reform, or rather deform, the university, yet,
about the latter end ofthe year 1650, or at the beginning
of 1651, he was deprived of both his canonry and Hebrew
professorship for refusing the independent oath called the
Engagement. After this he retired to Childrey, and came
over to Oxford, in Lent ; during which time, and the long
vacation, he lived as a fellow commoner in Baliol College,
and read his Arabic lecture : this he was suffered to keep,
because there was no person then in the university capable
of performing the same. However, it was not long after
that he was in danger of losing his rectory for want of suffi
ciency, which was alleged against him by some of the igno
rant commissioners and their assistants, by Oliver the Pro
tector, to ejeCt such as the said saints then (1654) called
scandalous, ignorant, and insufficient ; but, by the endea
vours of Dr. J. Owen, (who could not forbear saying, that
" they took the ready way to make themselves infamous,")
and other learned persons, who knew the great merit of the
professor, he was, by their intercession, suffered to continue
in his reCtory. After the king's return in 1660, he was re
stored to his canonry, and created D. D. ; and acquired
great fame among the learned abroad, as well as at home,
by the depth of his knowledge, and his uncommon skill in
the Oriental languages. He is honourably mentioned
by Jo. Gerhardus, and other foreigners, who held him in
-high repute. His learned notes in his " Specimen Hist.
" Arab." and miscellaneous notes in " Portse Mosis," give
sufficient evidence of his great abilities. The publisher * of
" Delphi Phoenicizantes," styles him " an excellent man,
f not to be named without an honourable preface, for his
" modesty, candour, and all kind of literature ; that he is
*' the ornament of the university, the phoenix of the Arabic
'ft tongue," &c.
This eminent scholar died in his lodgings, in Christ
church,. on Thursday 10th of September 1691, and was
buried in -the cathedral. A monument of white marble
was ereCted to his memory, with a bust of him set over it.
It has the following inscription :
Edwardus Pococke, S. T. D. (cujus sj nomen audias, nil
hk de fjjtma deside'ras,) natus est Oxononias, Nov. 8. an.
,-t Dom.
''** * Edw. Dickinson, c. io.-

90 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
Dom. 1604, socius in Collegium Corpus Christi cooptafur,
1628 ; in linguae Arabicse leCturam publice habendam pri
mus est sui titulus 1636; deinde etiam in Hebraicam pro*
fessori regio successit 1648. Desideratissimo mariti Sep. 10,
1691, in coelum reverso, Maria Burdet, ex qua novenam
suscepit sobolem, tumulum hunc msrerri posuit.
His Works are : —
1. Versio et Nota; ad 4to. Epist. Syriace, viz. ad Petri securj-
dam, Johannis fecundam, et tertiam, et Judas unam, ex MSS. in
Eib. Bod. nunc primum deprompt. Lugd. Bat. 1630, 4to.
2. Specimen Hist. Arabum, sive de Arabum populis eorumque
moribus, cum nods. Oxon. 1648, 4to.
3. Porta Mosis Arab. Lat. cum append. Notarum Miscella
nea ad varia S. Scripturae loca. 1655, 4to. .
4. De ratione variantium in Pentateucho Arabico lectionum.
This is in the 6th vol. ofthe Polyglet Bible.
5. Versio ac Notae Tograi carmen Arabicum, l66l, 8vo.
6. Commentary on Micah and Malachi, 1677, thin fol.
7.  on Hosea, 1685.
8.  on Joel, 1691.
9. Epistola variae ad doftiss. viros:
10. Massecath Beracoth, for the use of the Students of thb
College. He translated,
I. The Annals of Eutychius, under this title ; Contextio
Gemmarum, sive Eutychii Patriarchae Alexandrini Annales, il-
lustris Johanni Seldeno, ra Maxaptrs Choraga, interprete Ed-
wardio Pocockio, 1659, Svo.
2. Hugo Grotius de veritate religionis Christianas, into Arabic,
with Annotations, 1660, 8vo.
S. Hist. Dynastiarum, from the Arabic of Greg. Abul. Pha-
ragius, into Lat. with an Appendix, 1663, 4to.
4. Mosis Maimonides praefatio in Misnam, from Arabic into
Lat. 1683.
5.. A great part of the Liturgy of the Church of England,
into Arabic, at the request of Dr. Huntingdon, which was printed,
bat most of the copies were sent into Turkey.
All his Works were collected and published in two volumes fol.
by the Rev. Mr. Twells, in which are several letters to Dr.
Pococke from some of the most learned of his contemporaries.
Robert Sanderson,xD. D. 5th Canonry. Regius Professor-
, ship of Divinity, Prebend of Farenden in the Church of Lin
coln, Prebend of So ithwell ; and Boothby Pannell, R. in Lin
colnshire. This most incomparably learned and pious divine was the
younger

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, 91
younger son of Robert Sanderson, esq. of Gilthwahhall, in
the parish of Rotheram, Yorkshire. He was born Septem
ber 19, 1587, and educated in the grammar school of his
native place ; at which time he was observed to apply with
unwearied diligence to the attainment of learning. The se
riousness of his mind was beyond his years, and it was
adorned with more than common diffidence. In his beha
viour there was so much calmness, and such an obliging;
manner, that he was affectionately beloyed by his master and
school-fellows. And he, even then, seemed to dedicate him
self and all his studies to piety and virtue. When he at
tained to the age of thirteen, his father came with him
to London, in order to place him a year, for his further im
provement, in one of the more noted schools of Eton or
Westminster, and then to remove him to Oxford. But an
old acquaintance, whom he waited upon, examined the
young man, and admiring the progress which he had already
made in knowledge, advised the father to shorten his
journey, and leave his son at Oxford. Accordingly the fa
ther committed him to the care ofthe learned Dr. Kilby, then
reCtor of Lincoln college ; by whom he was admitted into
that society, about the beginning of the year 1601. He took
his bachelor's degree on January 23, 1604. On May 3,
1606, he was chosen fellow of that college, and became mas
ter of arts, OCtober 20, 1 607. He was eleCted reader of
logic in the following year ; and was afterwards an eminent
tutor. In 1611, he was ordained deacon and priest by Dr.
King, bishop of London. And in the years 1613, 1614,
and 1616, served the office of sub-rector of Lincoln college.
His abilities and behaviour were such, in all these employ
ments, as to procure him both love and respeCt from the
whole society ; there being no exception against him, but that
he was timorous and diffident even to bashfulness ; an im
perfection that he could never get the better of. In tlie
year 1614, he stood candidate for the place of one of the
proctors of the university, more out of compliance with the
desire of the rector and other members of his college, than
to satisfy any ambition of his own ; he missed it however
for this time. But having published his logic in 1615,
he obtained so much credit by his performance, that on
April 10, 1616, he was chosen senior proctor without any
difficulty. On May 19, 1617, he proceeded to the degree
of bachelor of divinity : in the following year he was pre
sented by his relation, Lord Viscoui*t Castleton; to the rec-
6 tory

92 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
tory of Wiberton, near Boston in Lincolnshire, a living of
very good value. But the situation of it was so low and un
healthy, that he resigned it after a year's possession. About
that time he was presented by Thomas Harrington, esq. to
the reCtory of Boothby Pannell, in the same county, which
he enjoyed above forty years, extremely beloved and
esteemed. In this parish, he either found, or made his pa
rishioners peaceable and complying with him in the decent
and regular service of God. And thus his parish, his patron
and he, lived together in a religious love, and a contented
quietness : he not troubling their thoughts by preaching
high and useless notions, but such plain truths as were ne
cessary to be known, believed and practised, in order to
their salvation ; and their assent to what he thought was
testified by such a conformity to his doctrines, as declared
that they believed and loved them. And he did not think;
his duty discharged by only reading prayers and preaching,
but he praCtised what his conscience told him was his duty j
in reconciling differences, and preventing'law-suits, botn. in
his parish and in the neighbourhood. He also visited often
sick and disconsolate families, raising them from dejection
by his advice and chearful discourse, and by adding his own
alms, if they stood in need of it^f.Sfc Waitoa, who gives
this account of him, affords a remarkable instance of his
doing good : in prevailing upon a rich landlord to forgive
a poor tenant his tent, who had had his crop of hay carried
off by a sudden flood. After which he adds, " thus he
went on in an obscure and quiet privacy, doing good daily
both by word and deed, as often as any occasion offered it
self ; yet not so obscurely, but that his very learning, pru-»
dence, and piety, were much noted and valued by the bishop
of the diocese, and by most of the nobility and gentry of
that county." Upon his taking this living, he resigned his
fellowship May 6, 1619; and soon after married Anne,
daughter of Henry Nelson, B. D. reCtor of Haugham, in the
county of Lincoln. About which time he was made pre
bendary of the collegiate church of Southwell: and on the
Sd of September 1629, was installed into the prebend of
Farendon, in the cathedral church of Lincoln. In the be
ginning ofthe reign of King Charles I. he was chosen one
bf the clerks in convocation for the diocese of Lincoln ; as
he was also in all the subsequent convocations during that
reign. And the debates which threatened to arise in some
pf them, concerning the obscure doctrine of predestination, rnade,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 93
made him thoroughly consider that point : and he soon dis
cerned tlie necessity of quitting the sub-lapsarian way of
thinking, to which he had been inclined, as well as the
supra lapsarian, wliich he could never fancy *. At the re
commendation of bishop Laud, he was appointed, in No
vember 1631, chaplain in ordinary to King Charles I. who
expressed a great regard for him. His majesty was never
absent from his sermons, and would usually say, " I carry
my ears to other preachers, but I carry my conscience to
hear Mr. Sanderson, and to act accordingly f."
Being thus drawn out of his privacy, his useful learning,
especially as an excellent casuist, gained him great credit from
the nobility, and greater from the clergy. On the 31st of
August 1636, when the court was entertained at Oxford,
he, among others, was created doCtor in divinity. In 1641,
he was employed, with two other members of the convoca
tion, in drawing up such alterations as they thought fit.
in the liturgy, and abating some of the ceremonies that
were least material, for satisfying the consciences of the dis
senters : but the troubles which ensued rendered this mo
del of reformation useless.
The year following he was proposed by both houses of
parliament to King Charles, who was then at Oxford, to
be one of the trustees for the settling of church affairs, and
allowed of by the king ; but that treaty came to nothing,
On the 21st of July 1642, his majesty appointed him regius
professor in divinity, in this university, with the canonry of
Christ-church annexed to it ; which situation the national
calamities hindered him from entering upon till October 26,
1646 : and he continued undisturbed in it very little more
than a year. He was nominated in 1643 one ofthe assem-?
bly of divines, but never sat among them ; neither did he
take the covenant or engagement. His rectory of Boothby-
Pannell was sequestered in consequence of it in 1644 ; but
so great was his reputation for piety and learning, that he
was not deprived of it. He had the chief hand in drawing
up the judgment ofthe university of Oxford, June 1, 1647,
concerning the solemn league and covenant, the negative
oath, &c. or their reasons why they could not take their oath,
without viplating their cpnscience. When the parliament sent
• See his letter to Dr. Hammond, printed in his Pacific Discourse of God'f
Grace and Decrees f Walton

H CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE,
sent proposals to the king for a peace in Church and
State, his majesty desired,J:hat Dr. Sanderson, with DoCtors
Hammond, Sheldon and Morley, should attend him, and
give him their advice how far he might with a good con
science comply with those proposals. That request was then
rejected, but it being complied with when his majesty was
at Hampton Court, and in the Isle of Wight, in ] 647, ahd
1648, these divines attend him there ; and Dr. Sanderson
often preached before him, and had many public and private
conferences with the king, to the king's great satisfaction ;
who also desired him at Hampton Court, since the parliament
had proposed the abolishing of episcopal government, as in
consistent with monarchy, that he would consider of it and
declare his judgment. On the 14th of June 1648, hewas
voted out of his professorship and canonry, by the committee
for reforming the university, having been summoned before
them on the preceding 22d of November. Whether he'
obeyed their citation or not, does not appear. One Cross
was put into the professorship, and Henry Cornish after
wards into the canonry. Unrighteously turned out of Ox
ford, he withdrew to his living of Boothby, where he hoped
to have enjoyed himself, though in a poor, yet in a quiet
and desirable privacy ; but it proved otherwise. For the
soldiers not only came into the church and disturbed him
when he was reading prayers, but^ likewise forced the Com
mon Prayer-book out of his hands, and tore it in pieces be
fore his face. Shortly after, he was taken prisoner and
carried to Lincoln, on purpose to be exchanged for one
Clarke, rector of Allington, who had been made prisoner of
war by the king's party. He was soon released indeed, but
upon articles : one of which was, that the sequestration of
his living should be recalled ; by which means he enjoyed a
poor but contented subsistence for himself, his wife, and
children, till the restoration. But, though the articles for
his release imported that he should live undisturbed, yet he
was far from being quiet or safe ; being several times plun
dered, and once wounded in three places ; and yet he had
no remedy but patience. During his retirement, he was'
often applied to for resolution in cases of conscience ; so that
his genuine correspondence by letters took up the propor
tion of a day in each week, and more. In 1658 the ho
nourable and most generous Robert Boyle, having read his
lectures concerning the Obligation of Oaths, sent him a pre
sent of fifty pounds ; which was a very seasonable gift, his
circum-

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 95
circumstances, as most of the royalists at that time were, be
ing very low. The restoration of king Charles II. made a
great change in them for the better : and therefore, to ex
press his joy and thankfulness for that memorable event, he
presented to his majesty, on the 23d of July 1660, a congra
tulatory address from himself and his brethren, the loyal
clergy of the county of Lincoln.
In the beginning of August following, he was reinstated
in his professorship and canonry. Soon after, at the recom
mendation of Dr. Sheldon, he was nominated to the bishop^
ric of Lincoln, and consecrated the 28th of October 1660.
He was then upwards of seventy-three, and enjoyed his new
dignity but about two years and a quarter ; during which
tjme he did all the good in his power, by repairing the pa
lace at Bugden, augmenting small vicarages, and perform
ing acts of charity. A friend taking notice of his bounty,
took the liberty to advise him to remember that he was un
der his first fruits, and that he was old, and had a wife anci
children yet but meanly provided for, especially if his dig
nity were considered. To whom he made a mild and
thankful answer, saying, " It would not become a Christian
" bishop to suffer those houses built by his predecessors to
*' be ruined for want of repair ; and less justifiable to suffer
" any of those that were called to so high a calling as to
" sacrifice at God's altar, to eat the bread of sorrow con-
" stantly, when he had a power, by a small augmentation,
" to turn it into the bread of chearfulness ; and wished, that,
" as this was, so it were also in his power to make all man-
" kind happy ; he desired nothing more ; and, for his wife
" and children, he hoped to leave them a competence, and
" in the hands of a God that would provide for all that
" kept innocence, and trusted his providence and protec-
" tion, which he had always found enough to make and
" keep him happy."
In 1661 he was one ofthe cpmmissioners, or rather the
moderator, at the Savoy conference. In the account of
£hat conference, R. Baxter calls him a very worthy man, and
commends his learning, worth, and gravity ; but pretends
that injuries, partiality, temperature, and age, had caused
great peevishness in him*: which he repeats elsewhere. The
bishop was even with him ; for it is reported that Baxter
appeared to him to be so bold, so troublesome, and so illo-'
gical
* Life of R. BaxMr, foU lib. i. p. ii. p. 34*1

96 CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE*
gical in the dispute, as forced him to say, with an "unusual
earnestness, " that he had never met with a man of more
" pertinacious confidence, aiid-less abilities, in all his con-
" yersation *."
He died Jan. 29. 1662*3, in the 76th year of his age, and
was buried the third day after, in the chancel of Bugden-
church, with as little noise, pomp, and charge as possible^
according to his own direction. His behaviour had in it
much of a plain comeliness ; ceremony he disregarded. He
was endowed with great wisdom, integrity, and innocence.
His memory was firm, but sometimes could not be duly ex
erted by reason of his excessive bashfulness and modesty.
His learning is universally allowed ; and his writings, for
good sense, clear reasoning, and a manly and lasting style,
nave, and always will, be esteemed. Besides his great
knowledge in the fathers, schoolmen, and casuistical contro--
versial divinity, he was exaCtly versed in the history of .our
nation, whether ancient or modern ; was a most curious an
tiquary, and an indefatigable searcher into records : he was
also a complete herald and genealogist f. The most worthy,
as well as the most learned of his contemporaries, speak of.
him in the most respectful terms. Bishop Prideaux calls
him, " that clear and solid man, Mr. Sanderson ; none states
" a question more punctually, resolves it more satisfactorily,
" or answers all objections more fully." Archbishop Usher
styles him the judicious Dr. Sanderson ; and says, that in a
case he had proposed to him, he returned a happy answer,
that satisfied all his scruples, and cleared up all his doubts.
" That staid and well-weighed men, Dr. Sanderson," says
Dr. Hammond, " conceives all things deliberately, dwells
" upon them discreetly; discerns things, and that differ,
" exaftly ; passeth his judgment rationally, and expresses it
" aptly, clearly, and honestly."
Mr. R. Baxter professes he honoured him for his learn
ing, judgment, moderation, and piety. Bishop Hall styles
him " the most. oral? and faithful casuist living." And Dr,
Fuller, " a no less plain and profitable, than able and
" profound casuist/'
He published the following works :
1. Arris Logics Compendium 5 Oxon. ifilS, 18tno, 4to> and
8vo. There again, 1U8O; the ninth edition, 8 vo. s. Several
* Walton, p. 38 ; and Ken'nett's Register, &c. p.5JX.
f Wood, Ath. col. jip.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 97
2. Several Sermons: in 1660, they were reprinted (34 in num
ber) in fol. ; and again in 1681; with another ad Aulnm, and
another ad Clerum, added ; wfucn make up the number 36, (7th
edition,) with the Author's Life prefixed, written by Izaak Wal
ton, &c.
3. Dr. Sanderson's Nine Cases ; two Cases of Conscience re
solved; London, 1628, 8vo. Three more added, 1667, Svo,
Another in 1674; and another in 1678, Sec. ; and re-printed
in 1678 and 1685, 8vo. The last of which, on the Liturgy,
licensed March 30, 1665.
4. De Jutyamenti Promissorii Obligatione Praeleftiones septem
in Schola." Theol. Oxon. 1646 ; Lond. 1647, and 1683. Printed
also at London, in English, 1655.
5. Oratio habita in Schola Theol. Oxon, cum publicam pro-
fessioijem auspicaretur, 26th. Oft. Lond. 1646, 8vo.
6. Censure of Mr. A. Ascham's Book of the Confusion and
Revolution of Government, Lond. 1649, 4to.
7. De Obligatione Con.scientise Prseleftiones decern Oxonii in
Schola Theol. habitae, anno 1647. Lond. 16 60, 8vo.
8. Episcopacy, as established by Law in England, not preju.
dicial to Regal Power, &c. 1661, 8vo.
9. His Judgment for settling the Church, in exact Resolution*.
of sundry grand Cases. Oxon. 1663,' 4to.
10. Physicse Scientiae Compendium. Oxon. 1671, 8vo.
1 1. His Judgment concerning Submission to Usurpers, Lond.,
1678, 8vo.
IC. Pax Ecclesix, Lond. 1678, 8vp. These two, with his"
Judgment for Settling, &c. are to be seen in his Life, printed
in 8vo.
13, Discourse concerning the Church. He likewise had a
chief hand in reviewing the Common Prayer at the Savoy, in
1661 ; and was the author,and writer of several Letters to Dr.
Hammond, in the Doctor's Works about' these knotty parts,
which are by the Learned called the Qroiquarticular Controversy.
• John Wall, D. D. 1th Canonry, and Prebend of Tat-minsier,
Secunda in the Church of Salisbury.
Dr. Morris, who held the sixth canonry, died about the
time of the visitation ; and this Dr. Wall scarcely merits a
place in our Work ; for though he was voted out, March 30,
1648, by the reforming committee, yet, in September fol
lowing, he submitted himself to their authority, and, pn
Jiis petitipn, recovered his canonry.

Vol. I. G George

98 CHRIST CHURCH",

George Morley, D. D. 8th Canonry, and the ReElory of
Mildenhall in Wiltshire.
He was the son of Francis Morley, esq. by Sarah his wife,
sister to" Sir John Denham, one of the Barons of the Ex
chequer, and born in Cheapside, -London, Feb. 27, 1597.
He lost his father when six years of age, his mother at
twelve, and that little patrimony which he was born to, by ¦
his father's being engaged for the payment of some other
person's debts. At the age of fourteen, he was elected one
ofthe king's scholars in Westminster-school; and, in 1615,
became a student of Christ- church, where he took his de
gree of B. A. in 1618, and that of master in 1621. Seven
years afterwards, he was invited, by the earl of Caernarvon
and his lady, to be their domestic chaplain ; and there he
lived till the year 1640, without having or seeking any pre
ferment in the church. After that, he was presented to the
reCtory of Hartfield in Sussex, which he exchanged for that
of Mildenhall in Wiltshire. But, before this exchange,
King Charles I. to whom he was chaplain in ordinary, had
given him this canonry, which was the only thing he ever de
sired, and of which he gave the lirst year's profit to his ma
jesty towards carrying on the war. About this time he
preached bne-of the first solemn sermons before the House
of Commons ; but so little to their liking, that he was not
commanded to print it, as the other preachers had been.
Notwithstanding this, he was nominated one of the Assem
bly of Divines, being then D. D. ; but he never disgraced
himself so far as to sit among them, but, on the contrary,
remained with the king, rendering him all the services he
could. When his majesty was confined at Hampton Court,
he employed the doctor to engage the university of Oxford .
not to submit to the parliamentary visitation, which he ma
naged with great success. In December 1647, the reform
ing committee ejected him from his canonry ; but he was
offered at the same time, by one of the leaders in the House
of Commons, that he should be permitted to keep all that
he had, without being put to say, or do, or subscribe any
thing against his conscience, if he would then but give his
word only that he would not actually appear against them
and their proceedings. This was at first hearing a proposal
acceptable enough ; but when he began to consider that Dr.
Fell, Dr. Sanderson, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Gardiner, &c.
would be gone, and no ane left but Dr. Wall, he chose ra
ther

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 99
ther to suffer in such company, than tarry with those whom
the parliament should nominate in their room. The 2d of
Marcli following, his deprivation was published and de
clared ; and, soon after, he was dispossessed by force and
violence. Not long after that, he was committed to prison
for not obeying the orders of the committee ; but how long
he remained in confinement, does not appear. Some months
before, he had been permitted to attend upon the king at
Newmarket, as one of his chaplains : and he was also one of
the Divines who assisted him at the treaty of Newport in the
Isle of Wight. In March 1648-9, he prepared the gallant
Lord Capel for death, and accompanied him to the scaffold
on Tower-hill. In 1649, he left England with his all,
which amounted to no more than 1301. and waited upon
King Charles II. at the Hague, who received him very
graciously, and took him from thence with him into France,
and afterwards to Breda. But the king not being permit-
ed to take his own chaplains with him into Scotland in
1 650, Dr. Morley went to live with his friend Dr. John
Earle, who resided in the house of Sir Charles Cotterel at
Antwerp. Here he continued till the removal of Sir
Charles ; and then he went to live with Lady Frances
Hyde, wife of the great Sir Edward Hyde, who had also a
house in the same' city. All the time he remained there,
which was about three or four years, he read the service of
the church of England twice a-day, catechised once a-week,
and administered the communion once a-month, to ali the
English in that city who would come to it ; as he did after
wards at Breda, for four years together, in the same family.
But betwixt his going from Antwerp and his coming to
Breda, he officiated at the Hague upwards of two years as
chaplain to the queen of Bohemia, without expecting or re
ceiving any reward. When all things were preparing for
the restoration of the king, Dr. Morley was sent over two
months before by Chancellor Hyde, as a very trusty per
son to pave the way for that great event. On the king's
return, he was restored to his canonry, and shortly after
was promoted to the deanry of the same church, out of
which the noted Dr. John Owen had previously been eject
ed. No sooner had he reinstated those members of the col
lege who had been illegally turned out in 1648, and filled
up the other vacancies, than he was nominated to the
bishopric of Worcester, being consecrated OCt. 28 of the
same year. In 1661 he was one of the principal managers
G2 at

100 CHRIST CHURCH,
at the Savoy conference between the episcopal and presbyte
rian divines ; and the celebrated Richard Baxter observes,
" that Bishop Morley was oft there, but not constantly, and
*i with free and fluent words, with much earnestness, was
" the chief speaker of all the bishops." Some time after, he
was made dean of the chapel-royal ; and, on the death of
bishop Duppa in 1662, was translated to the see of Win
chester ; which when ~ the king granted him, he said
" that Dr. Morley woiild never be the richer for it." This
saying was fully verified ; for, besides his great expences in
building and repairing the palace at Winchester, he laid
out much more than the supplies given by parliament, in the
act empowering him to lease out Waltham-park, and the
scite of Winchester-house in Southwark; for he spent
80001. and upwards in repairing Farnham Castle, and above
40001. in purchasing Winchester-house at Chelsea, to annex
to his see. As he enjoyed great affluence, he spent the re
mainder of his days in acts of beneficence and charity.
Among other instances of it, he gave 1001. a-year to Christ
church, for the public use of that college ; and founded in
Pembroke College three scholarships for the Isle of Jersey,
and two for Guernsey, of 101. per annum each. He also
gave, at several times, above 18001. to the church of St.
Paul's in London; and bequeathed in his will 10001. for
the purchasing of 501. a-year, out of which he gave 201. per
annum for an augmentation of the vicarage of Farnham in
Surrey ; 20 I. per annum for an augmentation of maintenance
to the two parish churches of Guildford in Surrey ; and the
remaining ten pounds to the vicarage of Horswell in the
same county.
Having enjoyed an honourable ease and quiet for many
years, and by temperance and regular exercise attained the
good old age of 86, he died at Farnham Castle, October 29,
1684, and was buried in Winchester cathedral. Dr. Cala
my allows that he was a moderate, orthodox man ; and
gives several instances of his kindness to the Dissenters. He
was, besides, a man of unshaken loyalty, and a faithful son
of the Church of England under all her sufferings.
WORKS. — \ Sermon preached at the magnificent Coronation
of the most high and mighty Prince, King Charles the Second, at
the Collegiate Church of St. Peter's, Westminster, 4to. 1 06 1 .
•2. A Letter to a Friend, in Vindication of himself, from Mr.
Baxter's calumny, KJO'e, 4to.
3. Epis/ola apologetica &par<snefxca ad Theologum fuendam Be/gum

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. iol
Eelgamfcripta, 1663, 4to, ; and again in l683, under another
title. 4. The Sum of a Short Conference betwixt Father D'Arcy a
Jesuit, and Dr. Morley, at Brussels, June 23, 1649.
5 . An Argument drawn from the Evidence, and certainly from
Sense, against the Doctrine of Transubstantiation.
6. Vindication of the Argument, &c. from a pretended An
swer to it, by the Author of a Pamphlet called A Treatise on the
Nature of the Catholic Faith and Heresy .
7. Answer to Father Cressy's Letter, written in 1 662.
8. Sermon before the King at Whitehall, Nov. 5, 166.7, oa
1 Cor. xiv. 33.
9. Answer to a Letter written by a Romish Priest, 1 676,
10. Letter to Anne Duchess of York, some few months be
fore her death, written Jan. 24, 1670.
1 i . Ad clarisstmum t-erum fanum Uhttum Epistolis dua-, de
Iwvocatione Sanctorum, written July 1, 1659.
12. Letter to the Earl of Anglesea, on the means to keep out
Popery, and the only effectual Expedient to hinder the Growth
thereof, 1683.
13. Vindication of himself from divers false, scandalous, and
injurious Reflections made upon him by Mr. Richard Baxter, in
several of his writings, l683, 4to.
14. An Epitaph for King James I. ; at the end of Archbishop
Spotswood's Hist, of the Church of Scotland. He is also said
to have written " A'Character of King Charles II." London,
1660, in one sheet 4 to, Biog. Brit. v. Art. Morley, Wood,
Ath. O. vol. ii. 768.
Robert Wareing, A. M. Student's Place, and the History
Professorship.
He was a native of Staffordshire, was eleCted student
from Westminster-school In 1630, and bore arms for the
king in the garrison of CTifbrd. In 1647 he was chosen
senior proctor and history professor ; but was soon after
turned out of the last place by the visitors for denying
their authority. He was also ordered into custody, but
saved himself by flight or concealment. On leaving the
university, where he had made so noble a Stand against the
usurpers, he retired to the house of Sir William Whitmore
in Shropshire, and afterwards travelled with that gentle
man into France. In 1658 he returned; but fell sick at
London soon after his arrival, and died there the same
year. He was a man of a very lively fancy, an excellent
Latin and English poet, but a better orator. This is
G 3 Wood's

102 CHRIST CHURCH,
Wood's character of him, who adds, " that he was rec
koned one among the great wits in the university."
He published,
l. A public Conference betwixt Six Presbyterian Ministers
and some Independent Commanders, held at Oxford on the 12th
Nov. 1 646, 4to pamphlet.
2. An Account of Mr. Prynn's Refutation of the University
of Oxford's Plea ; sent to a Friend, in a second Letter from
Oxford, 1648.
3. Effigies Amoris : sive, quid sit amor efflagitanti responsum ?
London, 1649.
Jasper Mayne, D. D. Student's Place, Cassington and
Pyrton Vicarages in Oxfordshire.
He was born at Hatherleigh, in Devonshire, in 1604,
and received his education at Westminster -school ; from
whence, at the age of 19, he entered himself a servitor in
this college, where he was afterwards chosen canoneer-
student ; that is, a student appointed by one of the canons
who, are possessed of that power by the statutes. In 1631
he took his degree of M. A. and entered into holy orders
the same year. On the presentation of his college he be
came vicar of Cassington, to which was added the living
of Pyrton by the same society. Both these preferments
lying near Oxford, Mr. Mayne still continued to reside at
Christ-church, where he was much admired for his wit
and humour. In that view, Lucian was his favourite
author, part of whose dialogues he translated into English
in 1638.
About the same time he wrote a comedy, called The City
Match ; which was first acted at Whitehall, and afterwards
at Black Friars, with great applause. In this piece he ridi
culed Puritanism in general, a»d "the noted libeller Prynne
in particular, with the happiest success. In 1642, being
one of the divines appointed to preach before his majesty
and the parliament at Oxford, he proceeded B. D. and was
Greated D. D. in 1646. The decline of the king's affairs
wrought no change in Dr. Mayne's loyalty ; for he per
severed in the same zeal as before, against presbyterian prin
ciples and the calvinistic doctrines. Of this he gave a re
markable instance, in a sermon preached at the university
church immediately after the surrender of the garrison of
Oxford to the parliament. This discourse he printed under
the title of " A Sermon against False Prophets ;" but it was
8 presently

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 10S
presently attacked from the pulpit and press by that hot
headed zealot Cheynel, who defended with the greatest
warmth the doctrine of Reprobation, which Dr. Mayne
had treated with just severity. This horrible dogma was a
powerful- engine in the hands ofthe seditious preachers of
those times, and they made use of it with considerable ad
dress, not only in gaining weak persons over to their party,
but also in driving them to the most extravagant aCts of
rebellion*. In this controversy Dr. Mayne maintained his religious
principles with great strength of argument, and yet with
less asperity and wit than from one of his satirical dis
position might have been reasonably expected. About the
same time he exercised his pen in defence of his political
principles, and in shewing the unlawfulness of the people's
taking up arms against their sovereign. After such a dis
play of honest zeal, it is no wonder that the committee
of reformers or plunderers proceeded in a summary way to
deprive him of his student's place, and his two livings.
This, however, did not daunt the doctor, or make him more
reserved and cautious in the avowal of his sentiments,
though he was thereby reduced to his shifts. In 1652 he
held a public dispute with a noted anabaptist preacher in
the church of Watlington, on which occasion he preached
a sermon on Heb. x. 24, 25, and printed it the same year
at London in 4to. with the title of " A Sermon against
Schism, or the Separation of these Times." About the same
period, he published an English translation of Dr. Donne's
Epigrams, to which he gave the title of A Sheaf of Miscel
lany Epigrams ; and the writer of his article, in the Biog. Brit.
intimates, that he did this to supply his necessities ; but
though the doCtor might be poor enough, as was the case
with most of the deprived clergy, it is hardly probable that a
trifling pamphlet like this could afford him much relief.
Soon after this we find him in the family of the earl of
Devonshire, as domestic chaplain. This situation brought
him into the acquaintance of another person who had tho
G 4 same
* Dr. South says, " That he had it from the mouth of Atftel, (one of the
regicides, who was executed at the Restoration,) that he, with many more,
went into that execrable war with such a controuling horror upon their
spirits, from these public sermons, (especially those of Brook and Calamy,)
that they verily believed that they should have been accursed of God for ever,
if they had not a&ed their part in that dismal tragedy, and heartily done
the Devil's work, being so effectually called and commanded to it in God's
name." Sermons, vol. I. p. 513.

.104 CHRIST CHURCH,
same patron, namely, the famous Hobbes ; but it is said no
gcjod understanding ever subsisted between them, and this
is easily accounted for from the characters of the two-men.
Hobbes was a fatalist, if not an atheist ; sour, fretful, and
dogmatical in the extreme : Mayne was a liberal-minded
believer; pleasant, accommodating, and withal a divine,
against which profession the philosopher had a mortal
aversion. Here the doctor enjoyed a comfortable asylum till the
restoration of monarchy gave him back his livings ; to
which, in consideration of his sufferings, were added a
canonry of Christ Church, and the archdeaconry of Chi
chester. He was also appointed chaplain in ordinary to his
majesty. Thus re-settled in his favourite seat of the muses,
he preached the customary Latin sermon before the univer
sity on the first day of Act Term in 1662, which was im
mediately printed.
He died December 6, 1672 ; and lies buried on the
south side of the choir in Christ Church ; where a monu
ment was erected, with an inscription to his memory, at
the charge of Dr. Robert South, and Dr. John Lamphire,
the executors of his last will, wherein he bequeathed 5001.
towards the re-building of St. Paul's Cathedral, and 1001.
to each of his vicarages.
Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote A. Sermon con
cerning Unity and Agreement, preached in Carfax Church, Ox
ford, Aug. 9, 1 646, on l Cor. 1, 10. 4 to. This, with the
Sermon against Schism, and that against False Prophets and its
Vindication were commonly bound together, with the People's
War examined, &c. and sold with this general title, Certain Ser
mons and Letters of Defence and Resolution, &c. London 1653,
4to. John Dolben, A. M. Student's Place.
He was the son of a clergyman at Standwick in North
amptonshire, but descended from an ancient family in North
Wales. He was king's scholar at Westminster-school, from
whence he was eleCted off to this college. On the breaking
out of the rebellion he entered into the royal army, and was
an ensign in the battle of Marston-Moor. At the siege of
York he received a dangerous wound, and afterwards ob
tained the rank of major. On the surrender of the garri
son of Oxford, and the total ruin of the king's affiiirs, he
resumed his gown, and, in 1647, took his degree of A. M. ;
but,.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 105
but, the year follpwing, was ejeCted by the visitprs. During
the remainder of the usurpation, he resided at a -private
house in Oxford, with Mr. Ralph Sheldon (elder brother of
the warden of All Souls,) whose daughter he married ; and,
together with Mr. John Fell, he kept up the orders and ce
remonies of the church of England in a house opposite to
Merton College. After the Restoration he became canon
of this church ; and, by the interest of Dr. Sheldon, succes
sively archdeacon of London, clerk of the closet to the king,
dean of Westminster, bishop of Rochester, lord almoner,
and, in 1683, archbishop of York. Pie died in 1686, aged
62. He was a man of considerable parts, and of a most ge
nerous disposition. His son was created a baronet, which
title still exists in the person of his worthy descendant, Sir
William Dolben, representative for the university of Oxford.
The archbishop has in print several sermons preached on ¦
public occasions. John Fell, A. M. Student's Place.
He was son of Samuel Fell, D. D. who having, by his
loyalty to his prince, and zeal for the church of England,
exasperated the rebels, they sought his life, and deprived
him of the deanry of this church in the year 1647 ; and
having threatened to murder him, he wai forced to abs
cond, and died of a broken heart, February 1, 1648, the
day that he was made acquainted with the murder of his
royal master, king Charles I.* His son, the subject of this
memoir, was born at Longworth, in Berkshire, Jan. 23,
1625 : he received the elements of his education at Thame
in Oxfordshire ; was admitted student of Christ Church, in
1636, at the age of eleven; he took his bachelor's degree
on the 24th of October 1640, and that of master June 2,
1643. About this time he was in arms for king Charles I.
within the garrison of Oxford ; and afterwards was an en
sign. In 1648 he was turned out of his student's place
by the parliamentary visitors, being then in holy orders ;
and from that time, till the restoration of king Charles II.
he lived in a retired and studious way, partly in the lodg
ings of the famous physician Tho. Willis, his brother in
law, in Christ Church, and partly in the house opposite
Merton College, wherein he and others kept up the de
votions and orders of the church of England, and admini
stered the sacrament, and other duties, to numbers of
royalists,
* See page 73.

106 CHRIST CHURCH,
royalists, especially scholars who had been ejected in
164-8. After the Restoration he was made prebendary of
Chichester, and canon of Christ Church, in the room of
Ralph Button, ejeCted ; into which last preferment he was
installed July 27, 1660. On the 30th of November fol
lowing, he was installed dean of Christ Church, being then
one of his majesty's chaplains, and doctor in divinity. As
soon as he was fixed in that eminent station* he earnestly
applied himself to root out of the college all remains of
hypocrisy and nonsense, which had but too much prevailed
every where in the late times of confusion ; and to improve
it in all sorts of learning, as well as in religion, laying
those foundations which have rendered it famous to pos
terity, and will continue to make it ever flourish. Neither
was he less diligent in restoring the discipline, than adorn
ing the university with magnificent buildings. By his own
benefaCtions, and what he procured from others, he built
the north side of the quadrangle, which had been begun
by his father : but, before the inside could be finished, and
the top covered with lead, the civil wars began ; so it con
tinued exposed to the weather till the presbyterians became
masters of the university, who, minding their own private
concerns more than the public good, took away the timber,
and employed it for their own use : the quadrangle itself
was begun by cardinal Wolsey. Dr. Fell likewise rebuilt
part of the lodgings of the canon of the second stall, and
the east side of the chaplain's quadrangle, both which were
finished in 1672 ; and a handsome range of buildings
thereto adjoining,- fronting the meadows, finished in 1677
and 1678. The next fabric erected by his care were the
lodgings belonging to the canon of the third stall, near the
passage leading from the great quadrangle into Peckwater,
finished about the year 1674. And, finally, he built the
stately tower over the principal gate of the college, begun
on the old foundation laid by cardinal Wolsey, in June
1681, and finished in November of the year following.
This was done, however, chiefly with the donations of be-
nefaCtors, whose arms are carved on the stone roof of
the gateway *. He also made the elegant long walk in the
meadow. In
* Into this tower he caused to be removed in 1683, out of the Campanile,
a steeple in the cathedral, thc bell called great tom of christ-church,
said to be brought thither with die other bells from Oseney Abbey ; which

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 107
i
In the year 1666,-67,-68, and part of 1669, he was vice-
chancellor of the university; and, whilst he continued in
that ofiice, took care to have persons of all degrees go in
their proper habits. He likewise looked narrowly to the
due performance of the public exercises in the schools, and
reformed several abuses therein. That he might keep up
the credit of them, and of the whole university, he fre
quently attended himself the disputations of the schools, the
examinations for degrees, and the public lectures of pro
fessors and others ; and, by his presence, rendered them more
considerable, and caused them to be better performed than
they were before. To the honour of the university of Ox
ford, these laudable customs are revived, at the chief insti
gation of the present worthy and most respectable dean of
Christ-church, several professors of the highest eminence
in point of learning and charaCter f, and others ; who, by
their abilities, have acquired a reputation which posterity
will revere ; who, while learning and virtue remain,
will be held, as they ought to be, in the highest respect, and
numbered, as they deserve, among those who do the great
est good to their country. — To return to our subject : Dr.
Fell was a most excellent disciplinarian, and kept up the
exercises in his college also with great strictness ; was ad
mirable in training up youth of noble extraction ; had a fa
culty in that peculiar to himself, and took great delight in
it. Several mornings in the week he constantly went round
his college to the rooms of noblemen, and gentlemen com
moners, to examine and see what progress they had made
in their studies. No one was a greater promoter, of learn
ing in the university, and of all public works belonging to
it,
bishop Fell had re-cast with additional metal, insomuch that it is now by far
the largest bell in England. Round it is this inscription, " Magnus Thomas
" Cusius Oxoniensis renatus, April viii. mdclxxx, regnante Carolo, decano
" Johanne, Oxon. Episcopo; subdecano Gulielmo Jane, S. S. Theol. Profes-
" sore,Thesaurario Henrio Smith, S. S. Theol. Professore, cura et arte Chris-
" toferi Hodson." The dimensions of it are as follows : diameter, seven
feet one inch ; thickness of the striking place, six inches ; weight of the whole
bell, near seventeen thousand pounds ; and of the clapper, three hundred and
forty-two pounds: sixteen men are required to ring it. It first' rung on
May 49, 1684, from which time to this, it is knolled every night " a hundred
" and one times," agreeable to the number of students in the college, as 'tit
said, as a signal to all scholars to repair to their respective colleges and halls ;
and so it used to be while it hung in the campanile. Wood, Col. -jfd^and Sr.
Willis, p. 408, 409.
f The Rev. Dr. Jackson, Professors White and Winstanley, Dr, Eveleigh,
M. Kett,' and many more.

108 CHRIST' CHURCH,
it, than himself. The edifices before mentioned, and like
wise the Sheldonian theatre, built at his solicitation, are
sufficient instances of the latter ; and his zeal for the pro
motion of knowledge is a sufficient attestation, of the for
mer. He likewise advanced the press, and improved printing in
Oxford, in conformity to the design of Archbishop Laud,
by whom it would certainly have been effected, as well as
other matters of greater concern relating to religion and
learning, had henot been prevented by the iniquity of the
times. He was an eager defender of the university, and of
its privileges, especially While he executed the office of vice-
chancellor, and always endeavoured to advance its liberties :
this brought upon him the ill-will of the citizens of Oxford.
So worthy and so illustrious a person well deserved to be -
advanced to the highest dignities of the church. Accord
ingly, upon the translation of Dr. Henry Compton to the -
see of London, he was- nominated bishop of Oxford ; eleCted
January 8, confirmed February 6, and consecrated Fe
bruary 6, 1675-6. At the same time leave was granted him
to hold his deanry in commendam, with a view to keep him
in the college, that he might continue to do good to it and
the university. He was no sooner settled in his see, than he
undertook to rebuild the episcopal palace at Cuddesden in
Oxfordshire, the outside of which was finished in 1679, and
inside soon after *. He likewise held the mastership of St.
Oswald's hospital at Worcester ; but he gave up all the
profits of his income there, towards augmenting it, and re
covering the estates which belonged to it. The hospital he
rebuilt in a most sumptuous manner, out of part of the re
venues of his bishoprick, arising from the impropriation of
the dissolved prebend of Banbury: he liberally gave five
hundred pounds to reparr that church, which being the
largest in Oxfordshire, and much out of repair, would other
wise have fallen to the ground. He also established daily
prayers at St. Martin's, alias Carfax, the principal city church
in Oxford, at eight in the morning, and the same time in.
the evening. In a word, he expended his whole substance
in works of charity and piety. Among his other benefac
tions to his college, it must not be forgotten that the best
rectories belonging to it were bought with his money. And
as he had been so generous a patron whilst he lived, and as it
* Wood al. 1797.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 109
it were a second founder of his college ; so he left to it, at
his death, an estate for the maintenance of ten or more ex
hibitioners, for ever ; who, as vacancies happen, are to be
elected every first day of November *, when a public ora
tion is spoken in the refectory in commemoration of him.
Thus did this pious, learned, and zealous man, employ him
self and his property in doing good. At length his bodily
strength decayed, and his spirits were exhausted by too much
zeal, and by forming too many noble designs. All these
things, together with the unhappy turn of religion which he
dreaded under King James II. continued to wear him quite
out and shorten his life. He died July 10, 1686, to the
great loss of learning, of the whole university, and of the
church of England. We may suppose that a man so active
as he was, had not much-time for contemplation. ' However,
what he published was in general excellent. As to his cha
racter, besides what has already been said of him, it must be
added, that he was one ofthe firmest friends of the church
of England ; and was surpassed by none of the clergy in a
strict adherence to her rules and discipline.
He constantly frequented divine service in public four
times a day ; and had, besides, prayers twice every day in
his own family. He was a person of striCt morals and great
virtues ; in particular, he was a man of a most generous
spirit, one who undervalued money as much as any man
could do ; and expended it so freely upon learned, pious,
and charitable uses, that sometimes he left little or nothing
for the use of himself and family. His charity was so
great, that he was a husband to the affiiCted widow, a father
to the orphan, and a tender parent to poor children. Two
instances of this will suffice to shew the truth of what is
here asserted. He constantly allowed a year's pension to a
poor man of St. Thomas's parish, near Oxford, on purpose
that he should teach, gratis, twenty, or twenty-four poor
children of that parish to read, some of whom he after
wards bound apprentices, or made scholars-!/. And so emi
nent was he for charity, the most lovely and especial duty
of Christianity, that he became a treasurer or almoner for
the charity of others ; and had frequently great and con
siderable sums put into his hands, to be disposed of by him
as he thought fit L In his episcopal capacity he was an
excellent judge of men and merits, an exemplary watchman over
* Br. Willis, p. 43J, 443- t w°°«>> ct)l- 799- t wiUis> P- 435.

110 CHRIST CHURCH^
Over his clergy, and a diligent asserter of their rights. To
conclude his character, he was a bold and resolute man, arid
did not value what the generality of mankind said or thought
of him, so that he could accomplish his just and generous
designs ; which, being too many to effeCt, proved the chief
cause of shortening his days. He was buried July 13, in
the divinity chapel, or north aisle adjoining to the choir of
Christ Church cathedral*. On his tomb, which is a plain
decent marble, there is an elegant inscription, composed by
the learned and polite dean Aldrich, his successor. He was
never married.
, His publications were,
1. The Interest of England stated; or, A Faithful and Just
Account of the Aims of all Parties now pretending; directly
treating of the Designments of Roman Catholic, Royalist, Prefby-
teriah, Anabaptist, &e. 165Q, 4t0. two sheets. But it is not
certainly known whether he was the author of this pamphlet or
not t.
2. The Life of the most Learned Reverend and Pious Dr, Henry
Hammond, who died April 25, 1660; Lond. 1660, Svo. ; re
printed afterwards with additions, and prefixed to Dr. Hammond's
works. 3. Alcinoi in Platonicara Philosophiam introdudtio, Oxon.
1667, 8vo.
4. In laudem Musices carmen Sapphicum; a Sapphic Ode in
praise of Music ; defigned for some of the public exercises in the
University. It is very elegant and beautiful.
5. Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis, duobus
voluminibus comprehensx, Oxon. 1674, fol. i. <r. The History and
Antiquities of the University of Oxford, &c. written by Antony
a Wood, in English ; and translated at the charge of Dr. Fell, by
Mr. C. Ware, and Mr. Richard Peers, befides what he did him
self. And he was likewise at the expence of the printing.
6, The Vanity of Suffering : in a letter to a Gentleman, Lond.
1674, 4 to.
7. St. Clement's Two Epiftles to the Corinthians, in Greek
and Latin, with Notes at the end. Oxonia:/ 1677, ISmo.
8. Account of Dr. R. Allestrey's Life, in a Preface to the
Doctor's Sermons.
9. Of the Unity of the Church; translated from the original
of St. Cyprian. Oxford, 168 1, 4to.
JO. He published a beautiful edition of St. Cyprian, under this
title,
* Wood, col. 799. | Ath. col. 789;

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Ill
title, " Sancti Caecilii Cypriani Opera, recognita et illustrata per
Johannem Episcopum Oxoniensem." Oxon. 1682, fol. '
11. Several Sermons ; 1st. The Character ofthe Last Day;
preached before the King, on 2 Peter xxxvi. s. Oxon, 1672,
4to. — A Sermon preached before the House of Peeis, on Decem
ber 22, 168O; being the day of solemn humiliation; Oxford
168O, 4to.
'. 2. He published the following pieces, written by the Author
of the Whole Duty cf Man, with proper Prefaces and marginal
Abbreviations; namely, " the Ladies Calling ;" "the Govern
ment of the Tongue;" " the Art of Contentment ;" and " the
Lively Oracles given unto us, &c." Oxford, 1675, 1678. The
gerer^l preface before the folio edition was written by our pious
and learned author*. After his death was published An Exposi,
tion on St. Paul's Epistles, 8vo.
Richap.d Allestry, [or Allestree.) Student's Place.
He was the son of Mr. Robert Allestry, a gentleman of
an antient family in Derbyshire, and was born in March
1619, at Uppington, near thc Wreken in Shropshire;
where, as the family estate had been considerably di
minished, his frther settled as steward to Sir Richard New
port, afterwards Lord Newport. He was educated first at at
country free-school in the neighbourhood, and afterwards
under Philemon Holland in Coventry. In 1636, he was
entered a commoner of this college, under the celebrated1
Mr. afterwards Dr. Busby. He had not been six months
here, before his quickness of parts and great industry,
being noticed by Dr. Fell, then dean, he made him a
student of this college. After taking his first degree, he
was chosen moderator in philosophy, which office he con
tinued to discharge till the public disturbances interrupted
the peace and order ofthe university. In 1641, he entered
himself a volunteer in the king's service, and continued
therein till Sir John Biron, who was sent with a party of
horse to support and countenance the scholars in arms, with
drew from Oxford ; on which he returned to his gown and
studies. Soon after a party of rebels having entered Ox
ford, and plundered the colleges, Mr. Allestry narrowly
escaped very rough treatment at their hands, the occasion of
which was this : Some of the rebels attempted to break into
the treasury of Christ-church, and, after a whole day's labour,
having forced a passage into it, met with nothing but a groat and
* Wood, Ath, col. 798,

112 CHRIST CHURCH,
and a halter at the bottom of an iron chest. Enraged at their
disappointment, they Went to the deanry, where, having
plundered as much as-£heyy could,' they put all the spoils to
gether in a chamber, locked them up, and retired to their
quarters, intending to return for their prize the day follow
ing ; but'great was their confusion on finding the room en
tirely empty. Upon inquiry it was found that Mr. Allestry
had a key to the lodgings in the absence of the dean and his
family ; and that his key had been made use of on this occa
sion. In consequence of this he was seized ; and notwith
standing1 all the defence lie could make, would probably have
been very severely treated by the rebels, had'hot the Earl of
Essex called away his fortes suddenly, by which means Mr.
Allestry was rescued from their violence. In October fol
lowing, he took up arrils again, and was present in the battle
fought between thekihg and therebels,who were commanded
by the Earl of Essex, in Kenton-field, in Warwickshire ;
irom whence he set out for Oxford ; but on the way was
taken prisoner by Lord Say's regiment. However, his' con
finement was but short, and he proceeded on to the univer
sity^ where he took his degree of'AiM. Once more did
this loyal gentleman take arms on the part of the king, dur
ing which he did not neglect his studies, frequently (as his
biographer expresses it,) holding his rriusket in one hand and
his book in the other, and making the watchings of a soldier
the lucubrations of a student. In this service he continued
till the end of the war, and then went info holy orders at a
time when he had no prospect of worldly advantage. He
was tutor to several young gentlemen and students, arid dis
charged the office of censor of his college. He '.bore a part
in that signal test of loyalty, which the university of Oxford
gave in their decree and judgment, against the" Solemn League
and Covenant; for which, as well as for other loyal aCts, he
was, in July 1648, expelled the university by the parliarnent
visitors: he then' returned into Shropshire, and was enter
tained as chaplain to the honourable Francis Newport, esq".
and upon the death of Richard Lord Newport, that gentle
man's father, he was sent over into France to take care of
that nobleman's effects.
After the Worcester fight, he was employed in conveying
messages of the greatest importance between the royalists and
the king. He performed several hazardous journies success
fully ; but in the winter before his majesty's restoration, he
was sent over to Flanders, and on his return was seized at
Dover

IN THE UPftVERSFTY OF OXFORD. 113
Dover by a party of soldiers : however he had the address to
secure hjs letters,,by conveying them to a faithful person.
From Dover he was guarded up to London 5 and though
nothing appeared against him, he was committed to prison,
where he contracted a dangerous sickness. After six or eight
weeks confinement, he was set at liberty, and returned into
Oxfordshire ; from whence, after a short stay, he went into
Shropshire, to visit his relations. In this journey he visited
Westwood, in Worcestershire, purposely to see his old friend
Dr. Hammond ; but, to his great grief, whea he came there,
he met at the gate the body of that great man carrying to
his burial. This circumstance deserves rather to be men
tioned, because that bright luminary of the Church of Eng
land gave at his death this testimony of his esteem for Mr.
Allestry, that he left him his valuable dibrary. Soon after
the restoration, he was made a canon of Christ-church,
and readily concurred in repairing the injuries and decays
the church and college had suffered daring the usurpation.
At the same time he undertook one of the lectureships of
the city of Oxford, with a view to instill principles of loy
alty into the minds of all the citizens, which had been poi
soned by the contrary infusions of schismatical teachers ; yet
he never received any part of the profits, but constantly gave
the whole to the poor. He took his degree of D. D. Oc
tober 3, 1660, and was appointed one of the king's chaplains
in ordinary ; and soon after, upon a vacancy of the divinity
chair, he was made regius professor. In 1665, the king be
stowed upon him the provostship of Eton College, which
he held to his death, always refusing any higher ecclesiastical
dignity, JSe died in January 1680-1, and was buried in the
chapel of Eton College, under a marble monument, on
which a Latin inscription bears a honourable but perfectly
just testimony to his great merits. He was a considerable
benefaCtor to the College of Eton, which, when he came to
it, was greatly impoverished by the pretended saints of the
late times.
Works. 1. " The Privileges of the University of Oxford in
point of Visitation, in a Letter to au honourable personage, 4 to,
1647." This is an anonymous pamphlet, and is ascribed to Dr.
Allestry, on thc authority of A.' Wood.
2. Forty Sermons, of which the greatest part were preached
'before -the.king. Printed at Oxford, in one vol, folio, 1684. To
this his Life and Portrait are prefixed.
: -Vol. 1. H Martis

II* CHRIST CHURCH,
Martin Llewellyn, A. M. Student's Place.
. He was born in London in 1616, brought up in West
minster-school, and in 1636 elected student of Christ
church. He took his degrees in arts, that of master being
completed in 1643. In 1648, he was ejeCted by the visi
tors. He retired to London, and studied physic ; and in
1653, was admitted doCtor of his faculty in this university.
Afterwards he was admitted fellow ofthe college of physi
cians. In 1660, he was sworn physician to his majesty,
made principal of St. Mary's Hall, and one of the commis
sioners for regulating the university. In 1664, he retired
from thence, and practised physic at Great Wycbmbe,
Bucks ; was in commission for the peace of the county, and
at last became mayor of that town, where he died in 1681,
and was buried in the middle of the north aisle adjoining
to the chancel of the church of Great Wycombe, with a
suitable inscription upon a black marble erected to his me
mory. He bore arms for his majesty King Charles I. and
obtained a company.
He wrote —
Men-miracles, Divers Poemf, Satires, Elegies, Divine Poems,
Svo. printed in 1656.
Among his Elegies, is one upon Robert Burton, alias Democri-
tus junior of Christ-church ; another upon the eminent Poet and-
Orator, William Cartwright ; a third upon Dr. Laud, Archbishop
of Canterbury ; and a fourth upon Sir Henry Spelman the An
tiquary. Verses on the Return of King Charles II. James duke of York,
and Henry duke of Gloucester, in S sheets folio, t66o.
Elegy on the Death of Henry duke of Gloucester, printed ia
1 660, in a folio paper.
Wickham wakened, or the Quaker's Madrigal, in doggrel verse ;
-printed in one sheet 4to, while he was mayor of Wytosmbe»
against a practitioner of physic, who was a quaker.
Henry Greisley, A. M. Student's Place.
He was son of John Greisley, gent, of Shrewsbury, edu
cated in Wesminster-school, and elected to Christ-church
in 1634. He took the degrees in arts; and, as he adhered
to his majesty's cause, suffered expulsion from the university
by the impetuous visitors, in 1648 : but outliving the usur
pation many years, in 1672 he became prebendary of Won-
cester, and died in 1678.
He

IN THE»UMVEftSlTY OF OXFORD. 115
He tfarislated&fcm the French-—
' i\ The Priflftfi Loridori 1648, 8VO. by Sieur de Balsac.
£» The Christian Matiificn- the RepOta tion of Nature By Grace,
1 650* 410, by John Franc Senauir. ~?'v ^ ;
3 » .Specimens of Poetry. 8- .-'*>< oi-cH
Robert Mead,: M. D. c Student.
He was son of a. statj#nsr, was -born- a^thgrJBlack Lion in
Fleet-street,- brought jm in-Wfsttn^st^-s^ehCKll, and elected
Studsjit of this . college in 1634 ; took $$$ degrees in arts,
andbore arms for his majesty inthe garrison of Oxford. In
16.46, h^fwaiappointed,. by the governor -ftf Oxford, one of
the commissioners to treat- with thos§ sent by Fairfax, .the
generalissimo of the parhaipentary forces then besieging the
city, for its surrender : and in June of the following year,
was created M. D. „ In 1648, he was expelled from his stu
dent's pjace,,-, by -the\ blessed- reformers; whereupon -hgjjre-
tired to France, gpd was employed by -his majesty, during
his exile, as his agent in Sweden. After which he, returned
to England, and lived in his father's house, whe.ce. fee fell ill
of a malignant fever, and died in London in 1652-3. He
Was a learned man, accounted an excellent poet, and left be
hind him an honourable character.
He wrote — -
l. The Corahate of Love and Friendship, a comedy ; London,
1654 ; formerly presented by the gentlemen of Christ-church,- ia
this university.
2. He is ahw said, by on'e'or more writers, to have been the
author of The Costly Whore, a comedy-; but this is a niatter. of
doubt*. " -¦¦'¦'-:
David Whitford, Ji.,B. JStudettfs Place.
. 1 ¦ He was a -Scotchman, son of Dr, Walter Whitfordt, of
Monkland, bishop o&Srediin, and of the house of Milne-
ton ; was educated in grammar-learning at Westminster-
school, and the»ee eieCtefl student of this college. He was
another of those wk© bore arms in his majesty's cause, and
suffered for it irithi the rest' of his felloW-sdldiers, being
turned out ofthe college ia-vthe ye&r 16*8 ; but persisting
in his affeftion to theVoyal cause, he repaired to his majesty
jn Scotland, and seE*ed?ander him at the battle of Worces-
.. ;av,x-Q H -2 "• ter
, * Gerard Langbaine, in his account of the English Dramatic Poets, p. 366.
6

lie ._,.. CHRIST. CHURCH,.. ,„.
ter in 1651, where he was wounded and taken prisoner : he
was brought to London, but, bVj, the importunity of some
friends, at lerigth released. Afterwards he subsisted partly
on , the , bounty of Edward Bishe, esq, king, at arms, and
partly by being usher to James Shirley the poet, wlien fye
taught school in White Fryars, near Fleet Street, in Lonr
don.. Qntjbe,. king's returpiin 1660,'he was restored to his
stpdent^s rplacg, was created A. M.j.and was taken into the
house of John earl (afterwards duke) of Lauderdale; but
his patron dying, he returned to college, where he himself
died in 1674. His sufferings-Continued after the restoration,
for he obtained no remuneration for his l fidelity and loyal
attachment to his majesty. He was aiway-s> accounted an
excellent Grecian and Philologist, and published! —
l. In Latin verse, Mijssei, Moschi ei Bioms,~qua; extant.
London, ,i6.>5, 4ro, Gr. aad Lat. - ; ,^
I,.- 2, ^ieleftiora qusedam ThjGQcriti Eidyllia, Gr. and Lat. ; both
dedicated to, hi s- benefactor,; Bislie, who is styled by Whitford,
" Asylum et Perfugium affliftis et egenis."
3. Translation into- Latin of Bishe's Notes on old Authors
who have written of Arms and Atraotttyi ~f H ¦•••- "
, 4, Ant Appendix to Dr. George Wishart's Complete History of
^the ' Wa'ri iri' Scotland, under the conduct of James marquis of
Montrose. :¦ ;. James HekTh, ¦ ¦ ¦. Students Place.
; He ' was -' born in London, Iris father was cutler to the
king ; he was educated in Westminster-school, as famous
for its excellent scholars, as for the learning- ' of those who
taught them ; and became student Of this- college in Michael
mas term 1646, For his adherence to his majesty's cause, he
W'as ejeCted by the visitors' in 16*8";' but, On Recount of his
marriage during his e^ile, was prevented from his restOra*
tibtfiri 1660. Having several children, and being extremely
poor, he employed himself ih writing books, and correcting
the press,; to maintain his family. He died -bfa consump
tion ariddropsy in 1664. He WaSa good scholar, and -Wrote
correCtly in Erglish and Latin. -Wood, says that he wanted
a -head for a chronologer, buff tkat he was esteemed by some
, a tolerable poet. He communicated io the world— -
I, A Brief Chronicle of 'the late Intestine War in the^thf6e
futigdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. London, 1661,
tfvo, enlargciby the Author, and completed from 1 63 rto 1(563,
-M" •'---. ¦ ¦ y>y.fo

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1 17
. r Bin iq _ ,.: , b3. • . w,, ,3d i: . . " l ,
ro tour parts. To thijs chronicle is added a continuation. Jtrcim the
end of 1 662 to 1675, by J. Philips. /
2. Elegy upon Dr. Thomas Fullen, 1661, one side ofa' sheet.
8. The Glories and Magnificent 'Triumphs of the Blessed' I$K
storation of King Charles II. from his arriv^fe'flollgnd, l,l65g,
till his present time," &c. 1662, Svo. f1! ' ' ' ' ,. i;' '''\
4. Fiagellutn, or the Life and Death, Birth and Burial of di
ver Cromwell the late usurper, iG6». Third edit, with' Addi
tions ac London, 160'j, 8w>. a nc
1:.- 5. Elegy (with Epitaph) on thenwdoh-lafneoted death ofj Dr.
Sanderson, late1 Lard Bishop of Lincoln, whoadteteasfeSSri akd-taU
ter end ©f January 1 GOe. London* .1 ti(\3> on bonkido srl -tot
-..„ &. A pew book of Loyal English Mai;fyr,s and Confessors, who
have endured the pains and terrors of dejath, arraignment for. the
maintenance of the just and regal government of these kingdoms,
Both in Church afld State. London, 166S, ISmo. u E ' n
7. Brief but exact Survey of the Affairs of the United Nether
lands, comprehending -more fully than any throg yeT extant, all
the particulars of that subject, Sec. 1211K), When printed' is un
certain, yijinf mui^t- '; ,- m x'A
icm^- Ic :o '•"" ydi'iS. to li ? ' ,' n
Robert Whitehall, A. M. Studenfa Placed 0i\ *,
He was son or Richard Whitehall, B.D. oif Cfitrist-church^
TeCtor of Agmundesham, commonly called Amersham, and
of Addington, Bucks. He was born at Arnesham, edu^
cated at WtsfehinStekinider Mr-. Richard Busby, and eleCted
^fter^ardis,;to this co^ge in 1 644; or thereabouts. For the
£|k^iig answer to, the parliamentary visitors, who, de-
XrdoiM mM&tom^Asfflte^^&^^tmte, , math .uix .*
, Ifi submit, the .King shaU know Jt. ^ - . . ., , . - i
3d iS^wcD a vTespm ds\ 0; ' jflj-saa".. eui-io't •.c*ol mi3l f.tfl
sirf$^WbSW8^tf$P"**PJ? ?»4-«iJws» $b mismm'
J^mkimo^iflfompGP* ^hel^fd^tpfJ^jton
e, and^enp^bytgj^re^p^.p^^pvjticfiiofr, win. But his
having been ej^g^jtiil^^P^^tent with our pkn to men
tion the circumitangej'c.j^terwards he.pipceeded in arts, was
ierrae-filius- w#b JpbJtff £Jkndall of,(%asen-nose College,
1655, entered in.fhg physic line, a^^,,hj virtue of the letters
of Richard Cromwell chancellor of Oxford,, was created
M. B. in 1657. Tn August of that year, fee went to Ireland
and l^ept a school- j^fter which Ue . praised physic, but
obtained little reputation, and less by his poetry, being a
H 3 mere

US CHRISTCHURCH,
mere poetaster and a time-serving man ; as will -appear
from his publications. , , .,.- ,
. He wrote —
1. The Marriage of Arms and Acts, July 12, 16S1 ; being an
account of the Act at Oxford, to a Friend. London, 1651, one
sheet 4to. ;r X
. 2i Carmen Gratulatorium Olivero Cromwell, Proteftorera
Anglia; inaugurato, i6/:'3.
; ;.y. Carmen Onomasticon pratulatoriuns Rtchardo. Cromwell, jn
C^ncellarii officii+m et digrdtatem feliciter electo, 1657.
,,,.4. The Coronation, a poem. London, l66lj 1 sheet 4to.
. ^„ Carmen Gratulatorium Edwardo Hide, equiti aurafo summo
Angliae, et optato Oxonise Cahcellario, &c. Lat.^nd Eng. 1660.
,6, Urania, or a Description of the Top ofthe Theatre at Oxon;
as the artist laid his design. London, 1669, 3 sheets fblio.
7. Verses on Miss Maty- Moore, upon sendingSir F. More's
-pifture (of her own drawing) to the long gallery at the public
schools, Qxon, 1674 .
8. 'E£a<rr<^ov 'lech, Icon quarundam extrariearuni (numero 2'58)
explicatio breviuscula^et clara apprime epheborum aliqdot praetiS-
bilium in usum exculta, qua ad S. S. alliciantur. Quibus singulis
accessit symbolum, cum sententiola concinna ex autoribus Gracis et
Latinis deprompta.
9. Gratulamini mecum ; or a Congratulatory Essay upon his
Majesty's Recovery from the Ague. London, 1679, one sheet fol.
10. The English B-echabite, or a Defence to Bacchus and all
his works. A poem in 67 hexastichs, in 4 sheets folio, Lon
don 168 1. SamuEl JAckson,  , Studetti's Place.
He had been an officer in his majesty's service in the year
1671, and was by virtue of the king's mandamus created
'M, D, in this university. "He died in 1674.
Blase Carrell,  . Student's Place.
He was an tender graduate, a youth of very great hopes,
and expelled by the visitors, November 2, 1648.
Apam Littleton, — — . Student's Place.
He was descended from the famous Sir Thomas Littleton,
judge of the common pleas in, the reign of Edward IV. and
author of the celebrated treatise Ofthe English Tenures. Mr.
Adam Littleton was born Nov. 8, 1627, at Hales-Owen in
Shropshire, of which place his father was vicar. He re
ceived his education at Westminster-school under Dr.
Busby ;

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1 1?
Busby; and in 1644 was eleCted student of Christ-church,
from whence he was ejeCted by the visitors in 1648. Soon
after this he became one of the ushers of the Westminster-
school, of which in 1658, he became second master. Oh
the 12th of July 1670, being then chaplain in ordinary to
the king, he took his degree of D. D. having letters testi
monial from Dr. Humphrey Henchman, bishop of London,
containing a very great charaCter of his abilities. In 1674,
he was presented to the rectory of Chelsea, where he had
taught the school since the restoration. At the same tim^
he was made prebendary of Westminster, of which church
he afterwards became sub-dean. In 1685, he obtained the
living of St. Botolph Aldergate, London, which he held
four years, and then resigned it. He was a man of exten
sive learning, and of great piety. He died June 30, 1694,
and was buried in his own church at Chelsea, where there
is a monument to his memory.
Works.— 1. Tragico-comoedia Oxoniensis, a Latin poem writ
ten on the strange behaviour of the parliament visitors in 1648,
one sheet 4to ; but Wood hints that this was written by another
person. 2. Pasor metricus, sive voces omnes Novi Testamenti primo*
geniae hexametris versibus comprehensje. London 165 8, 4 to, Greek
and Latin. .
S. Diatriba Jn pfto traftatus distributa, in qua agitur de flec-
tendo, derivandi ef componendi ratione. Printed with the former.
4. Elementa Religionis,' sive quatuor capita catechetica totidem
-linguis descripta, in usum scholarum. London 1668, 8vo.
5. Complicatio Radicum in primjeri Hebrseoram linguiL This
is printed with Elementa Religionis.
6. Solomon's Gate, or an Entrance into the Church ; being a
familiar explanation of the grounds of religion, contained in four
heads of the Catechism, viz. the Lord's Prayer, Apostles Creed,
the Ten Commandments, and the Sacraments,. Lond, 1662, 8yo,
7. Lingua: Latinae Liber Dictionarius quadripartitus ; a Latir)
Dictionary in four parts, first published in 4to, 1678 ; and after.
wards in 168a, with additions ; and several times since.
8. Sixty-one Sermons preached mostly on public occasions,
whereof five where formerly printed. London, folio, 168Q.
9. A Sermon at a solemn meeting of the Natives of the city
and county of Worcester, in the church of St. Mary le Bow, June
24, 1680, 4to,
10. Preface to Cicero's Works, 2 vols, folio, 168I.
1 1 . A Translation of Selden's Jani Anglorunt Facies altera,
with notes. This translation he printed ijnder tlie name pf R«L
H4 «nan

¦man Wsstco^fo^htfasMhe anient saaver of the family,) \$9&,
.folio^ it
l2.,!j^i^fp"pf'T£)enM»tocles, in the Erst volume ofthe trans-
latlpriiOf^l^tgrch.'s.Lives,. lj58S, 8vq. J,
'^i$. ;piMertatioEpisto!aris de Juramento Medicorum qui DPK02
IttllbkPA'fdTr tlicitur, Sec. Besides several fugitive pieces*
nocX'-? - ..-.«». >-
Walter Dayrell or Darrell, j*L -M. Student's Place.
November 9, J 660, he was created,3|j>.0P, was at. that
Iffie'JreHejndary, and afterwards archdeacon of Winc^gstgrg
$kcPdiect iii 1646, in' tlie ''"74th year of his age". '"
Melchizedeck Alford, .. — <— . Students Place.
-J.-i.lYu ,.IJ> .- . t - -r -¦ :. - - ; ..
.{.^Hi^pamgi says Dr. Walker, does not occur in the visitors
r^gjs^er,|^ but I have- been assured by his widow, -who died
sonje.tjme since, upwards of ninety years of age^ that he^was
student of this house, and turned out of it during the rebel
lion,, andG plundered into the bargain. Afterwards he was
treasurer to the garrison of Exeter ,_when it was besieged by
iihe-r^»ife, -and employed in ^conveying intelligence to the
king at Oxford and elsewhere. He assisted in convey-
ihg'tawayritHe Dttke of Gloucester. After the jestoistiaiHhe
diftdopossessedrbf pi* (greater preferment than the poor vica-
rag&fofcAfitBeyr. ire Devon. He was a true loyalist, -apd a»maft.-
flf^eeUent abilities. The well known verses—
pouvti Domust DorhintiS Ludovicus, Regia Rcge
Digna suo j Carlo est b^ec minor, illePeo— t> tei
which, it is said, he made extempore, in a company who
were conversing about -the inscription that was set up over
that palace, and begins thus —
Non Orhis gentem, &c. 2
Th6;iw,As Nprgate, B. D. -., Student's Place.
,|ie; was chaplain also tp Sir Thomas G&emhaift, governor
of the garrison of Oxford, i
JMn Baber?1-*^-, mMWPltM!
o^^a's.^prn.in.the cu^of WeHs,?'e$ippted in-We^in*-
sfej-s^hjCiOljanjl clewed student of this\ftollege in 1642.
TIe'was Toted out, as appears by the. visitors' register, for
non-appearance ; apd, according to Wood, he travelled dun-
ing the war. For which reason, says Dr. Walker, " I judge
that he was altogether deprived, and did not after submit tb
the men of the; times." The conjecture is probable1,' for in
1660 Tie was made physician to King Charles H. and on the
19th

IN THE UNra0CSEITTOFF OXFORD. iftt
KfttooF March of thaffiyear, received the hbrtourof thight>
hood. "Though, on the other hand," adds I^r. Walker,
*e Ftake-him to be the same JohnBaber,. who in December
1646 was admitted M. B:- by the interest: of Cdldnel Jcjhn
Laifibert." But there seems fo be a doubt lipbh-thif^uh-
jeCt/and we must leave it for further investigation."
' ^ " George Smith,  £. ^Student's Pfcce.
'According to Newcourt *, he," Or. one 'of his name,, was
minister of Frierne Barnet, in .Middlesex,, and living, yj
1700.
¦  HOW, R. SrIAN, CHRi^0^flER'1L6wT1rtER,"GYI,ES
Wareikg, TMomA's"' Mi&i"I^b'MAs' Terrent, -RaEph
t TowksoK, John Hxlman," Robert Loe|, ^ic&a&B
« Hill, John Cakric^, - — " Underwood, '¦-'¦-' - JSfo
-'cholas. Students Place. "'--"'.-
? One or two may have been petty cancels. Or chaplains*'10,
t \c3 - . » nir! if ... . .
Nathaniel C^HPFI.us, B.D4 lPetty Camnry,-or Chaplain^
Place. .3
He was.a native trfTthe Isle of CrSe^^d'Sad' been<Prf-J
more to Cyril, patriairahrof Constantinople, witb; on account
of Jiis <relagious:life 'and conversation; . had a arespeCt -TorchiflSJ
But that patriarch being strangled by the visier, Cdnopiu^
to avoid the same barbarity, applied to the -English, resident
for credentials, and with them departed for EftgfemS. Upon
his -aarrrfg&figQQ, Atffchhiskaft Laud, the friend" and patrdtvof-
learning asakJearnsid men, sent him to Baliol College, and
allowed him a handsome subsistence. . Afterwards. Jie be
came one of the chaplains of Christ-church- He was ex
pelled in 164, & by the parliamentary visitors, and -had no
thing to ni"£Mahir^tfisfelf as~a schblar a^dMitane/ So that
because :<rf^edrar&a3rityarfnsiich as~ called themselves : salnlb,
he returned to his native country,- and wasim&de' bishop1- «F
Smyrna about, th^yp^r^J 65^1. Oi^ injbe. sjrpnjrer language
of Dr. Walker, because he. met " with, more inhumanity
froWm*^ odiy^pP iffiferSe 'tftnfcs, -thari wfcuy lie }M;Iefr to
avoid froih the Ba?ii2S|ffs-o¥ his 'f bwh^outltry ;'; (tnit lis,| jn
plain terms; thS^isifor^^ftifrg jturhed ' this person out a-
starving,
•*- Rep. Ecdee.. vol. i» p. $o£,
¦j- Whom, say? Dr. Walker* .JL^ake. i;o he the saija« with Love in O*o?>.
Lidn. ; or if not, one more ijjiist tie added to the list..
f Wood, Ant. fc. I . {>. 4*3v-~

122 CHRIST CHURCH,
starving, whose protection had been the honour of the mo
tion in general, and of Archbishop Laud in particular) ; he
was forced to fly back again, from the tender mercies of our
saints, and seek for shelter among Turks and Mussulmen."
While he was in Oxford, Wood says that " he had a book
-of music laying, by him, which, as Canopius affirmed', was
of his own composition. And being well skilled in that
faculty, his countrymen, in their letters sent to him, "styled
him Mstrixoirarcuv ; but the notes were such as are not in use
with, or understood by, any of tbe western churches." The
same author adds, that he was the first man who made and
drank coffee in Oxford, When he died, or what he wrote,
does not appear. More of this scholar may be seen in the
Epistles of Ger. Joh. Vossius, written to learned men.
Thomas Bayly,  . Chaplainship, and Brusteed R. Kent.
He was born in Rutland, and entered at the university of
Cambridge, from whence he was taken by Dr. Augustine
Lihdsell, prebendary of Durham, who employed him as hi*
amanuensis. When Dr. Lindsell was made bishop of Pe
terborough, he took him there with him, and from thence to
Hereford,, upon his translation thither in 1633. While Mr*
Bayly was with the bishop, he transcribed the Greek Fa
thers, which that bishop had prepared for the press ; but
the bishoprdying, that great work was left unfinished. He
left the MSS. with his chaplain Bayly, with an injunction ta
deliver them to Archbishop Laud, to be disposed of as his
Grace in his wisdom should think proper. Mr. Bayly, ac
cording to the will of Ill's deceased patron, carried them to
Lambeth, and presented them to the archbishop. His Grace
jknew the roan and his worth, and received him, as he did
all learned and industrious scholars, with great esteem and
affeCtion ; and, as a token of his regard, bestowed upon him
the rectory of Brusteed in Kent, worth about 2001. pounds
per annum ; and enjoined hjin to take all imaginable care of
the edition of the Greek Fatliers. This he readily and cheer
fully undertook. But being sequestered, and the archbishop
under troubles, he was obliged to .suspend that useful work,
However, he made out to' publish ThepnhilaCt, and dedi
cated it to his worthy patron the primate. Mr. Bayly,
after he was sequestered, came to London, and taught a.
private school in Clerkenwell for a subsistence : but here
lie was followed by some of his malicious enemies of Kent ;
he was thrown into jail for some small debts which he had
con*

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF "OXFORD. 123
contracted, and was unable to pay on account of his seques
tration. But they were at last discharged by some of 'his
friends ; and he being liberated, repaired to Oxford, where
he was made one of the chaplains of Christ-church. This
appointment he enjoyed till he, with the rest of the royal
students cf this college, was turhed out by the lawless and
arbitrary visitors. After this, Dr. Jeremy Taylor, who
valued him much for his abilities, learning, and profound
skill in the Greek tongue, took him with him into Ireland,*
Where they lived together till the happy restoration in 1660,
and then they returned to England. Dr. Bayly was made
first dean of Down; and afterwards, in 1664, his majesty gave
him the bishopric of Killala and Achonry, as a reward for
his sufferings and signaf loyalty to him and his royal father.
When Ke was going over to Ireland tojtake possession of his
bishppjick, Jae put his goods and bppks on board a small
vessel, which was imfortunatelycast away "in. a stor^n, and
all were lost ; and what he valued more than _ajlf Jife MSS.
before-mentioned. It must not be 6rQyted,"'tljatr^iKroishop
Laud, considering the skill of this great man in SSPEJreek,
tongue, pitched, upo^^m. as thVfitfe^Jpersbn $$E£glan&
to-be sent into fch^rXerajjf to coll^VGreek^manfePripts^
but the archbishop falling'' into ^trouble,, thapaepilh 'proved
abertiv&rf" Whernio^Scanfc ©ft). (£arJflfflffi^b&m
his death, but r&t at the time of his secmbfS'atftjfo9#r' 'ivhen
he died, is uncertain. Wood says, that he died Some time
fo .'July jMTiyand was buried near the^od^'^pis jjSffife
(Resspr jft tjhe cathedral church of Killaku'
Kpi&tti&yCillLMEAD, A. M. Chaplaimhip.
^if&WJs bSrtri at Stow on the Wold in Gloucestershire
teaiSPo^t| Ofthae clerks of Magdalen College in the begins
¦t&Kka&$ ^|S, Jstfd obtained a chaplaiiiship in this church
stbOW'th^ year; 1%32 or 3 — the time that he completed his
fca&pfyftegye. He was ejected in 1648 by the ^isitorsi
andt'was'lore^fsueh were then the timeis,. to obtain a liveli
hood ny^&jtfy^ifilr'had served him for his diversion, and
for a i^iMti^J^Siti his studies *. He tet up a weekly
tfiusiVm^ing ^£rffie Blatk Horse in Aldersgate-street;^ in
London^1 %h^£^Tlied irt f&ruary 1 Ggf . Wood says of
Ihiftt.- tfiit^h^1^^ choice" Bathemati&ian, a noted critic, and
* He had some relief also from Sir Henry Holbrooke and Edward Eyshij
esq. king at arms.

14* CHRIST CHURCH,"
and understood several tongues, especially the Greek, very
well.18 ,-.
He wrote —
y j s ~ c —
1. De musica antiqua Grsci. Published at Oxford at thc
end ofthe Oxford Edition of Aratus, \6j-, 8vo.
2. Annotationes in Odas Dionysii.
3. Versio Latina qt Annotationes in Joh. Malaise Chrinogra-
phiam. Oxford l6gi, 8vo.
^?./De Sonis.. Yet in NIS- according to Wood. -,r, icn sH
,4". Catalogus Manuscrigjtorum Grscoruro in Bib. Bod- pro ra-
tion'e, A'uCtorum alphabcticus, art. ,. l6ft6'. MS. in the Bodkian
library, of great use to curious and critical students. j(y
fie translated from French into English— i . A Treatise of t^
Essence, Causes, Symptoms, Prognostic^ and Cure" of Love, pt"
Efotiqiie Melancholy. Oxford l64u, "8vof Written' by Jame&
Ferdinand, M. D.
2. Unheard-of Curiosities concerning the Talismanical Sculp
ture ofthe Persians. London 1650. By James Gafferee, S?6;
— *-»Also from -Latin, info French, ni
J>,- Discourse touchinff- the Spanish Monarchy.! Lot-idem K654,
4 to. 2. Treatise of the Globes, London, i6sg;and 50, 8vo.— And
frojri Jtaliari into English, " The History of the Rights, Customs,
; nd Manners qf Life of thc present Jews throughout the worH,"
Ler^Da.j.fj50, 8vo.
Thomas Weaver, Ar'M^,", Cha&inship".1
'-as - ile-i _f ' ,-w y-mz-rT- r r"-'
He was born in the city of Wor^psj^r^pdug-ated i%[t&|s>
liouse, and became chaplain of it in l^Q.f,,Jn .1^48 h§3yj$S;
dispossessed by the visitors, forced floret place ]tp place, aadj
Iryed by his wits. In 1654, he published his work of Songs
3nd Poems, which being looked upon by the godly men of
those tirnes as seditious and rebellious, he was imprisoned,
and afterwards tried. fpr -his., life ; but escaped the halter by
the can Jour and intfegrijjy, of the Judge, who valued wit and
learning. *• Gentlenien^' saijl the Judge upon his trial, " that
wehave before us^ajS^hpJlar and a man of wit ; our fore-
fjitjier.s had learning^ sp^mughVin honour, that they en^Cted*
th|!t t^iose that could jjaut^jp^cb, as read, should never be
hanged, . unless for some Meaf crime ; and shall , we respeCt
it ,sp Tjttle as to put to cfeg$.,foinan of parts;? .^rnest .tell
yoH»I.I should be very unwilh^.l^^e ^he pe.r^n t^ta^ shpsld
condemn him, and yet T must be forced to it if the jury -bring
him in guilty." Upon this harangue the jury brought him in
Not guilty. After his majesty's return in 1660, he was
made

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1US

Q

made exciseman for Liverpool, and was commonly called
Captain Weaver. He died in the year 166L having it seems
hastened his end by hard drinking, and must be^or^that} ac
count, regarded as one of the blemishes of this list.. He
publtehed'&Weral" songs, sonnets, &c. which were', reckoned
clever and witty in those times.
William Fuller, LL. B. Chapfaixsfiip. )
He was born in London; educated in We^tminsterJsxhobI,
and entered a Commoner of Magdalen Hall 'iii this u^i^ersity
about the year 1636. He afterwards removed to Edmuiid
Hall, took the degree of LL. B. ancL entered- iijtfp'. ^©1y
orders. :"JLfterwards he was made.pne' of the chaplairjspr
petty, canons of Christ-church; and wlisn;. the king,-., lj^rj
taken up his head-quarters at Oxford in the time of the'i&V
bellipn, he became chaplain to Edward "" Lord Littleton,
keeper of- the gr^t seal. Upon the declension of his- ma«
jesty's cause, he suffered in common with others, and fora-
Kyu?g taught a private school at Twickenham, hnMidaffiesSx,
during the usurpation-.. He endeavoured to instill the priii^1
cipies- of loyalty into his scholars. At length;' ttporTthe Re
storation of King Charles II. he was nominated1 dedn-'^f "St;'
Patrick's, near Dublin ; and, inAugust of thesahie y'&ar^Wasc
created LL. D. of this university, by virtue 6f the'-ch'i'ntefc-
lor's letters written in, his,- behalf. After receiving this ho
nour he went tb Ireland, was^ installed in his cathedral, apd
continued to hold the 'd<52rir'y till 1663, when he Wis pro-.,
moted to the bishopric Of Limerick and Ardfert; intha^
kingdom. He was consecrated on the 10th of March nof
the same ye&f^ Sftd, according to the English account* h$a
tlie see until f©i67;'wfien, upon the translation l<bf Ut. !Bf
Laney to the rMshbpric of Ely, he was trmd&69ix> ihki.of
Lincoln. He -paad his last debt to hatuii^>lbK^iii|to'n^
April 22, 1675^ his body was carried tb"-li!iiti61^ffidfiM^:
red in the cathedral church. He had ^mE^fedjoilSfjals
for writing the Life of that excellent preHtB'r^TCfybishpp
Bramhall, <f Wherein," says Wood, " as ih maliy things he
did, he would without doubt liaSfe^^nifted himself Well, as
nitieh to theihstruCfion of the Iiving,"as' honour to the dead.1'
-NiSi All fh^foregorrrg member's were utterly dispos
sessed of tfeir ^&af|^efetments, according to Dr. Wafer's S-amueV

I2S CHRIST CHURCH,
Samuel Speed, — r— . Student's Place.
¦ When he was voted out by the visitors, it was for his
non-appearance ; wherefore, Dr. Walker adds, " I believe
he never made his peace with them, and so was finally de
prived." Wood mentions the chancellor's letters being read
to have the degree of D. D. conferred upon him in 1674,
and of his having suffered for his loyalty, so that there is
little donbt pf his having been totally deprived. In that
year he became canon df Christ-church. He died in 1681
qt Godalming' in Surrey, of which he was vicar.
William^ Finmore,  •
-He was installed archdeacon of Chester, March' 6, 1666,
having been little more than half a year prebendary of : the
Cathedral church there ; and died in the beginning of 1681.
Francis Duncomb, George Master, Lewis Palmer,
Francis Farnaby, John Awbhey, Francis Chi-
c^ester, Richard Washbourn, John Berkley,
TtlCHARD HOSKJN, RlCllABD GRALE, WlLtJAM KeM-
ble, Francis Dixon, Robert Hampton, Mat
thew Kellet, William Richardson, Henry
Gregory, Paul Skyott, Edward Westfield,
George Foreman, Robert Jones, John Gardi
ner *j James Whaley, John Busby, Edward
J5ere, Francis Markham, George Scriven.
N. B. These last twenty-seven were under sentence of
condemnation with the rest of the loyalists. But it is possi
ble that several among them might not be ofthe foundation;
and of those which were, some might afterwards have made
their peace, and kept their places : but it is difficult to dis
tinguish the one from the other. Probably the four last
were of the number of those who were utterly deprived ;
11 for," says Dr, Walker, " I find they were voted to be ex
pelled for non-appearance."
John Lowen,  .
Whether he was on the foundation or not, there remains
a doubt; it is most likely that he was. Wood says ",that
he was ejeCted from this college by the visitors in 1648, for
his loyalty. In 1660 he was created LL. D. of this univer sity,
* One or both of these names, we find, in the year i66r, (being then D. D.)
admitted to the re&orics of St. Mary Abchurch, in London, and Coctered in
Herefordshire. Newc. Rep. Eccles. vol. i, p. 433. Antiq. p. 69.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 122
Sity, and was afterwards of DoCtors Commons ; and usually
lived at Rainham, in Essex, where he died in the latter end
of 1677. Thomas Ireland,  . Student's Place.
This ingenious man was son of William Ireland verger of
the church of Westminster, was educated in the college-
school there, and thence eleCted student of Christ-church,
but ejeCted in the time of the usurper by Dr. Owen, his dean.
Whereupon he retired to St. Mary Hall, entered upon the
Law line, and took a degree as a member of that house. Af
ter the restoration of his majesty King Charles II. he was
restored to his student's place, but he took no higher degree.
Notwithstanding which, during the vacancy of the see of
Durham, between the death of Dr. John Cosin, and the
translation thereunto of Dr. Crew, the chancellorship of the
diocese was confirmed upon him. He died in Dec. 1676.
He wrote, besides several copies of verses occasionally
printed in the publications of the times, Verses spoken at
the appearance of the King and Queen, and Duke and
Duchess of York, at Christ-church Hall, September 29,
1663. They were printed at Oxford and London in that
year. " After dinner," says Wood, of the same day, " his
majesty with his royal consort, and their royal highnesses,
went from their lodgings with their respective retinues, pur
posely to see that spacious refeCtory which had been built by
.the great Cardinal Wolsey; where the dean, canons, and
students, waited their coming. Mr. Ireland spoke the said
verses (in number 1 16) on his knees ; which being well done,
the king thanked him for them, gave him his hand to kiss,
and commanded a copy of them." He was supposed to be
author of " Momus ElenCticus nil Qxoniense." Vol. 4. 4to.
On May 3, 16*8, Twenty-four students of this college
refused submission to the visitation ; and on the 1,0th, fifty
more, all of them students, and all excepting one did the
'same. From September 1648, to December 1650, the visi
tors had chosen into this house twenty-seven students and
two chaplains.

CORPUS

C 12* }

CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
Robert Newlin, D. D. Presidentship.
He succeeded Dr. Jackson in the year 1640, was twice
suinmoned before the parliament for rejecting the authority
ofthe visitors. On April 2, 1648, when he was pro vice-
chancellor, the visitors broke open his doors, and ransacked
his house for tlie insignia of the university; but they were
disappointed in their search. The same year he was dispos
sessed by that mock authority which was sent to turn ho
nest men, the ornaments of the world, as well as of their
country, out of their respectable situations, and to establish
in their place ignorant enthusiasts and wild fanatics. One
Dr. Staunton was put into his place. In 1660, Dr. Newlin
was restored. He died in 1687, at tlie age of ninety.
John Hillersden, D. D. Fellowship.
He was vice-president also at the time of his expulsion.
In 1671, he became archdeacon of Buckingham, and died
about the year 1684.
James Hyde, M. D. Fellowship,
Tin's gentleman seems to have been the person mentioned
by Wood, and was afterwards principal of Magdalen Hall,
and regius professor of physic. He was the eleventh son of
Sir Laurence Hyde, of Salisbury. At the restoration he re
gained his fellowship.
Elias Wrench, D. D. Fellowship, and Trent R. in Somer
setshire.
He was born in Gloucestershire, and admitted scholar of
this college in 1621. His father is said to have been preben
dary of the cathedral church. In 1644, he was presented
by his college to the reCtory of Trent, in Somersetshire, to
hold which it is presumed was compatible with his fellow
ship ; but be left both in these times of rebellion and confu-
siom To the former of his preferments he was restored by
his majesty ; but it does not appear whether he obtained tKe
latter again. He died at his living in 1680.
He transcribed Dr.Burhill's " Comment, in difficiliora Job.
Ms. in two vols, folio, in the library of Corpus Christi ; and
put the Hebrew into Hebrew characters ; before it was in
Latin

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 12*
Latin. To the end of the Commentary in the second vol. he
appended Paraphimosis Portica on "the said book of Job.
George Stratton, B. D. Fellowship, and Sasingham R>.
in Lincolnshire. ,
He had been vice-president of Corpus, and was presented
by the college to this living about the latter end of the year
1644 ; but was soon after sequestered from it, and one Reade,
acobler's son, who had been maintained at Cambridge about
half a year on charity, and .then became an army chaplain;
(though without any orders, as it is believed, either episcOi
pal or presbyterian,) was substituted in his room by the com
mittee of Lincoln. It is to be npied by the way, that
the -person who -had at, that time .the chair of the com
mittee, was afterwards, as the report goes, sole manager of
the petition from that county for the king's death. Mr.Strat-
ton, after his ejeCbon from the reCtory, applied himself to
the usurper for his fifths," but could never obtain one far
thing. Upon this .he returned to college;;'' but was ejeCted
from thence also by the visitors. After this he renewed his
application to Mr. Reade for the fifths ; but could by no means,
after repeated endeavours,recover any thing from him, though
he had not one farthing to keep him from starving, or be
coming chargeable on the parish. One or the other must
inevitably have been his fate, had he not been sustained by
the charity of sonie gentlemen who supported him till the
time -of his • death, which happened on the rbad between''
Lincolnshire and Northampton, as he was returning on foot
from his living, whither he had made a fruitless journey, in
hopes of recovering something from his merciless successor;
He was a man of great piety and learning, and an excellent
mathematician.' Thomas Greaves, B. D. ; Fellowship.
He was younger brother of the famous Mr. John Greaves
of Merton College, was born at Colmore in Hampshire, edu
cated in Charter-house school, and admitted scholar of Cor
pus in 1627, and fellow in 1636. He was so well skilled in
Oriental learning, that Dr. Pocock, in his absence,, deputed
him to read the Arabic LeCture. He became B- D. in 1641.
In 1648 he 'toas dispossessed of. his fellowship by the visitors,
but he held the reCtory of Dunsby in Lincolnshire, and a
place near London, during- some part of the usurpation.
After the restoration, the degree of D. D. was conferred
vol.. 1. I upon

130 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
Upon him. He was likewise made prebendary of the churcli
of Peterborough, and reCtor of Benyfield in Northampton
shire : which last preferment he resigned some years before
his death, through trouble from his parishioners ; who, be
cause of his slowness of speech and bad utterance, held him
insufficient for them and it, notwithstanding he was a man
of great learning. He retired to Weldon in the same county,
and died on the 22d of May 1676. His epitaph gives him
a great charaCter ; the inscription is this : " Thomas Gravius,
" S. T. D. Ecclesiae Petroburg. Prsebend. Vir summae pieta-
" tis et eruditionis ; in philosophicis, paucis secundus ; in
" philologicis, peritissimis par; in Unguis orientalibus, plerisq.
" major ; quarum Persicam notis in appendice ad Biblia
" polyglotta doCtissime illustravit ; — i\rabicam publice in
" Academia Oxon. professus est ; dignissimus etiam, qui et
" TheolOgiam in eodem loco profiteretur. Poeta insuper et
" orator insignis, atque in mathematicis profunde doCtus.
' Reipublicae Literarias et Ecclesiae Christianse flebilis obiit
" Maii 22, an. 1676, set. suse 65."
His works are —
i
1. De Lingua; Arabics utilitate et prsstantia, oratio Oxonii
habita, 19 July 1637, & Oxon. 1639, 3 sheets 4 to.
2. Observationes quaedam in Persicam Pentateuchi Versionem.
They are in the 4th vol. of Bib. Polyglot, p. 48.
3. Annotationes quaedam in Persicam interpretationem Evange.
liorum, Inthe 6th vol. also, p. 56.
Richard Samwayes, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at Ilminster in Somersetshire ; his father
Was vicar of the parish ; he was admitted scholar of Corpus
Christi College the 26th of May 1630, and fellow A M. on
the 18th of January 1638, when he had taken orders. In
1648 he was ejeCted by the parliamentary visitors, and en
dured great misery and hardships for his loyalty ; being, as
Wood says, " a shiftless person." In 1660 he was restored
to his fellowship by the king's commissioners, and created
B. D. He became reCtor of Meisey-Hampton in Gloucester
shire, where he died on the 21st of August 1669. He wrote — -
.. England's Faithful Reprover and Monitor, under nine heads 5
direfted first to the Church of England, secondly to the Inferior
Masters of the Gospel, thirdly to the Mobility and Gentry, &c.
with a postscript. London, 1653, 8vo. Besides which, he had
one or more books ready for the press, but these were lost.
John

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 13l
John Heyward, or Heywood*. Fellowship.
He proceeded D. D. of this college, and went out grand
compounder July 3, 1666. He was at that time reCtor of
Walton in Lancashire. Thomas Sutton,  . Fellowship.
He was son of the famous Dr. Thomas Sutton, leCturer bf
St. Mary Overies in Southwark : Wood calls him " a most
florid preacher in the time he lived."
Henry Dutton,  . Fellowship.
In the year 1688, he became prebendary of White- lack*
ington in the church of Wells, and at length canon of the
same church ; likewise reCtor of Wells, and vicar of Ever-
creech, in this diocese. He was " a very good scholar, art
admirable preacher, and one of the most accomplished per
sons for agreeableness of humour and conversation that ever
lived." fie married the eldest daughter of Dr. Dugdale,
one of the suffering prebendaries of Wells.
Joseph Barker,  . Fellowship.
He lived to see the restoration, but did not return tp
college ; became D. D. and chaplain to the House of Com
mons. By the interest of Sir Edward Seymour, then speaker
of the house, he obtained his majesty's letter, the custom of
that day, for the deanry of Exeter, had it dropped during
his life ; but he died about half a year before that dignity
became void. It is said, however, that he was rewarded with
the archdeaconry of London or Middlesex : but Newcourt
mentions no such person ; this circumstance, therefore, ap?
pears doubtful. He was minister likewise of Sherbourne in
Dorsetshire, and married another of Dr. Dugdale's, daugh*
ters. Thomas Sanderson,  . Fellowship.- •¦*-.
He was son of the incomparable and excellent Dr. Robert
Sanderson, afterwards bishop of Lincoln, of whom we have
already given an account. This gentleman applied himself
to the study of physic, and became eminent in the praCtice
of it at Grantham, where he died. He never returned tp
college ; but survived the restoration for several years.
1 2 JoHNt
* Wood — Fasti, p. 166, None of the fellowi of this college wer« under'
that degree of A. M,

132 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
John Newell, George or John Kimd, James Jack
son, Thomas Drury, Abraham Speeding, George
Halstf.de. Fellowship.
Zachary Bogan, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at Galcombe in the county of Devon ; en
tered a commoner of Alban-hall in 1640, and admitted
scholar of this college on the 26th of November in the fol
lowing year. He took his bachelor's degree in Michaelmas
term 1646, and was eleCted probationer-fellow. When the
visitation came on, he was deprived of his fellowship, with
the other loyalists of this house. But as he was in a con
sumptive condition, and his death was daily expeCted, the
visitors restored him on the 3d. of October 1649. After
which he lingered on for ten years, having contracted " an
inhabit of body by studying," and died in 1659. He was
a religious man, and much given to study ; he was an admi
rable linguist, and acquired great respeCt in the university
for his extensive learning. At his death, the unsettled con
dition of the university under the blessed reformers, deprived
this college of 5001. which he bequeathed to the city of Ox
ford ; whereas, had the nation been otherwise, he would
have given that money to his college ; his picture is in
the council chamber adjoining to the Guildhall of the
city of Oxford.
He wrote —
1. A.dditions to Francis Rouse's Archasologias Attica;. Printed
before 1 674, 4to.
2. A View of the Threats and Punishments recorded in Scrip
ture, alphabetically composed ; with some brief observations oa
¦sundry texts ; Oxon. 1635, Svo.
3. Comparatio Homeri cum scriptoribus sacris quoad normam
loqnendi. Oxon. 165 8, 8vo.
4. Help to Prayer, both extempore, and by a set form ; as also
to meditation, &c. Oxon. 1660, 12mo.
5. He also wrote a large and learned Epistle to Edm. Dickenson,
A. M. of Merton College, set before a book going under his name
entitled Delphi Phoenicizantes, &c. l6(J0, Svo.
William Chidley, . Chaplainship.
He died during the usurpation.
Edward Eales,  . Chaplainship.
He entered at Trinity College, and from thence removed
to Corpus Christi in the beginning of 1648. Soon after
Which he was dispossessed by tlie visitors, but he came in
again at the restoration in 1660. John

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 135
John Betts, A. B. ? „ , , , .
William Coldham.J 8cholarshP-
The former of these two afterwards turned papist. The
latter was restored in 1660, but died in a week or fortnight
after. William Fulman, •  . Scholarship.
He was the son of a carpenter, and born atPenshurstinKent,
in 1632. As he appeared to be a youth of promising abilities,
the learned Dr. Hammond, reCtor of the parish, took the
lad under his patronage, procured him a chorister's place in
Magdalen College, had him carefully educated in grammar
learning in the school adjoining the college, and at length
put him upon standing for a scholarship in Corpus Christi ;
When, upon examination, he shewed himself an exaCt profi
cient in learning, and was eleCted accordingly in 1 647, and
put under the tuition of Mr. Bogan before mentioned, who
was esteemed an excellent tutor. The year after his
eleCtion, he was dispossessed by the visitors ; and though
his worthy and kind patron was involved in the same
fate, yet the good doCtor took the young man into his
house, and made him his amanuensis, in which employ he
found young Fulman exceedingly useful. At length he re
commended him as tutor to the son and heir of the antient
and respeCtable family of Peto of Chesterton in Warwick
shire, where he found a comfortable asylum during the time
of the low and disconsolate condition of the church of Eng
land, and a happy retirement while faCtion reigned. When
fhe troubles ceased, and the restoration of regal government
again blessed the country, he was re-instated in his scholar
ship, created A. M. was made fellow of the college, and after
wards reCtor of Meysey Hampton in Gloucestershire, where
he employed his leisure time, not in the commonwealth of
folly, but in that of wisdom.
He was a most zealous friend of the church of England,
and a great enemy to popery and fanaticism. In theology
he was admirably well versed, and well acquainted with
ecclesiastical and profane history : he was a good chrono'lo-
gist, and deeply read in history and antiquities. Had his
benevolent patron lived some years longer, or he himself
taken those advantages which others did for their promo
tion in the church, on account of their sufferings for the
royal cause, he might have obtained some higher dignity.
Jiut such was the high value that he set upon himstlf and
I 3 hjs

134 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
his sufferings, that he expeCted preferment should court
him, and not he it. Besides this, he was a man of a reserved
though complaisant temper, and never stooped to mean con
descension in order to promote his advantage. He died of
a malignant fever at Meysey Hampton, on the 28th of June
1688, leaving behind him a great collection of papers, but
none of them perfect : all of which were, after his death,
conveyed to this college, and put into the archives of the
library. He wrote much, and was a great collector ; but he pub
lished little.
I. Academia; Oxoniensis Notitia. Oxon. 1665, 4to; repub
lished at London in 1675, with additions, Sec.
2. Appendix to the Life of Edm. Staunton, D. D. London,
1C73, 1 sheet Svo.
3. Corrections of, and Observations on, the First Part of Dr.
Burnet's History of the Reformation of .the Church of England.
London, 1C8I, folio, p. 411.
He also reviewed the whole of the second volume of this
history before it went to press, and ccrreCted such errors as
he found in it. He likewise collected the works of King
Charles I. with intention to write the Life of his majesty ; but
he was suddenly taken ill with the small-pox, and the book-
sellor, R. Royston, employed Richard Perinchief, D. D. to
draw up a history of it ; which he did, but not without Ful-
man's notes. It was published in 1662. He made a collec
tion also for the Lives of John Hales of Eton, likewise of his
founder Richard Fox bishop of Winchester ; with an ac
count of the learned men, writers, bishops, Sec. of Christ-
College. , He was also the collector and publisher of tlie
works of his patron Dr. Hammond, in folio.
James Metford,  . Scholarship.
He was a native of Somersetshire, eleCted scholar of this
college, from that of Merton, in January 1647, and was very
young at the time of the Oxford visitation ; for which rea
son, Dr. Reynolds, one of the visitors, would have excused
him from answering when cited before them among the
rest of the fellows of this house. But another ofthe visitors
interposing said, " He hath original sin in him *, as well as
the rest." Whereupon the question was put to him, whe ther
* It was afterwards jocosely- said, by those who could be merry under
their misfortunes, that " Metford was expelled for original sin."

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 13S
ther he would submit or not ? He refused submission to
them, and suffered in common with the rest of the college,
till the restoration ; at which time he re-possessed his scho
larship, was created -A.M. and presented by the society to
the reCtory of Basingham in Lincolnshire. In 1687, he
became prebendary of Bole in the church! of York, and was
living in the year 1709, then about eighty years of age. Dr.
Walker says, that he was tlie worthy person from whom,
through the hands of the reverend Mr. Joshua Reynolds,
fellow of this house, he received the complete account of
the expulsion made by the visitors in Corpus.
He published a general discourse against Simony, in 1685, at
the instance of Dr. Michael Honywood, dean of Lincoln.
William Tonstall,  . Scholarship.
He did not return to the college at the restoration, but
resided at Hockington, of which he was vicar, in Lincoln
shire, in 1704. Norton Bold,  . Scholarship.
He was restored in 1660, and afterwards made one ofthe
esquire beadles of this university.
Thomas Johnson,  . Scholarship.
Re-instated in his scholarship some time before the re
storation. Timothy Shute,  . Scholarship.
Of whom Dr. Walker says, that " possibly he was the son
of the very worthy Mr. Timothy Shute, one of the suffer
ing prebendaries of Exeter, and the person who, during
some part of the usurpation, was minister of St. John's in
that city, but was afterwards turned out of it."
William Lydal, A. B. — — Clerk, A. B. Gam-
Clarkson, A. B. Timothy Parker, Thomas
Teakle, John Fountain,  Drury, Henry
Glover- Scholarship.
William Stamp,  . Scholarship.
He was son of Timothy Stamp of Brewern Abbey, near
Chippingnorton in Oxfordshire, gent.; was born in the
county, and entered a student of Pembroke College in 1626,
and afterwards became fellow of that house : he proceeded
in arts, took orders, and exercised his function in St. Al-
date's church near his college, in 1637. Some time before
14 th$

136 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
the rebellion broke out, he was much resorted to by persons
of orthodox principles, for his edifying mode of preaching.
But when the restless presbyterians had brought all things
into confusion, he was violently thrust out, imprisoned, plun
dered, and at length forced to get away and fly for the safety
of his life. At that time Oxford was the chief place of re
fuge for men of his condition ; he arrived there about the
beginning of the year 1643, and his case being made known
to the king, then in the university, the following order was
written by Lord Faulklanti's secretary to the vice-chancellor
of the university, that he might have the degree of D. D.*
conferred upon him. " The king's majesty taking into his
princely consideration the great sufferings of William Stamp,
who hath not only undergone a long and hard imprisonment
of thirty-four weeks, but also is now outed of a very good
living, and all this for preaching loyalty and obedience to a
disaffeCted congregation, to the extreme hazard of his life :
His majesty being willing to repair these his sufferings, and
to encourage his known abilities, (for which, by special fa
vour and grace, he is sworn chaplain to his dearest son the
prince,) hath commanded" me to signify to you, that you
forthwith confer upon him the degree of D. D. &c." In
obedience to which "he was aCtually created doCtor of that
faculty in July of the same year. Afterwards, upon the de
clining of the king and his party, he followed the prince
beyond the seas, became chaplain to the queen of Bohemia,
and a frequent preacher among the protestants at Charenton
near Paris, and a zealous asserter of the English Liturgy.
He died of a fever at the Hague about the year 1653, and
was buried in the church of Loesdune, near that city.
His works are — ,
l . Several Sermons, some preached before his majesty ih Christ
church, Oxford, and others at the Hague. Printed in 1650, 8yo.
2. Vindication of the Liturgy of the Church of England.
Whether printed or not we cannot ascertain.
Richard Lawrence,"
— r-* — Horne,

Chorister's Place.

The choristers in this house are not children, as in others ;
but matriculated members of the university, bred to learn
ing, and take degrees. The former of them was son to Dr,
Lawrence, the suffering master of Baliol College.
Thomas

* Wood Ath,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 137
Thomas Holloway,  . Clerkship.
His election was declared void by the visitors, according to
their register.  Newlin,  . Clerkship.
Placed here on the sole authority of Oxon. Lachr.
There was one John Swete also a fellow of this house,
who went off just before the visitors cited the members of
this society *. If it be meant by that expression, that his
fellowship had become legally void, then he belongs not to
this list. But if he fled to avoid the visitation, then he must
be added to the rest of the ejeCted fellows : he never returned
to the college.
This foundation consists of twenty fellows, as many scho
lars, two chaplains, two clerks, and two choristers. Qf the
fellows, the visitors aCtually dispossessed eighteen ; but re
stored one of them again, who in all appearance was not
likely to trouble them very long. The 19th was the learned
Mr. Noel Sparkes, B. D. a most excellent Latin scholar, and
a good Grecian, a curious critic in all kinds of learning, and
admirably well versed in the Fathers. He was bed-ridden
at the time of the visitation, and could not appear before the
visitors ; but recovering, he was so much tormented and har-
rassed, that Lloyd makes no scruple in ranking him among
the loyal sufferers. And as for the twentieth fellow, Mr.
Swete, it is probable that he was ejeCted likewise ; but the
least that can be done in his case, is to leave it a doubtful
one. Ofthe scholars, 18 were aCtually turned out ; and of
the two that were left, one was the senior scholar, and had
been just before disgusted by the college, because they would
not admit him into the place of Mr. Swete, when he went
off just before the visitation : nor is it improbable that the
prospeCt of becoming fellow immediately, was one of the
motives which might tempt him to submit. So that out of
forty-six upon this foundation, they left but four (or five at
most) remaining, by the time they had finished their busi
ness : such a thorough reformation, it must be owned, did
they make in this college. But what necessity there was for it,
* His very worthy son, says Dr. Walker, informed me, that hi9 father fled
privately on foot from Oxon, and was plundered at least in part of what he
left behind him in his chamber. Whence one would be apt to think (as his
son doth) that he fled to avoid the visitation. Though what is after said of
tbe senior scholars respecting his fellowship before the visitation commenced,
seems to clash with it ; and therefor? I determine nothing positively of the
»attsr.

138. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE,
it, will easily appear from the account which is given ofthe
set of men at that time on this foundation, by one who knew
the college intimately well, and was himself a. sufferer among
them. " The fellows," saith he, " were men wflose'wit and
morals vied which should most exceed; and'the scholars
were the cullings of many schools of the best note in Eng
land ; as will appear by this single instance, that after the
surrender of Oxford to the parliament forces, eleven places
being then vacant, no less than ninety-seven candidates ap
peared for them on the first day of the examination ; and
sixty-two continued on till the day of election ; insomuch
that it was judged by some, that the scattering men of such
learning and characters over the kingdom, contributed more
to the interest, both ofthe church and his majesty, than most
Other things whatsoever."

EXETER COLLEGE.
GEORGE HAKEWILL, D. D. ReElorship, and the Archdeaconry
of Surry.
He was the son of a merchant at Exeter, in which city he
was born and had his education. In 1595, being then in his
sixteenth year, he was entered a commoner of Alban Hall in
Oxford, " where," says Wood, " he became so noted a dis
putant and orator, that he was unanimously eleCted fellow of
Exeter College, at two years standing." But though his abi
lities were undoubtedly eminent, and rendered him worthy
of this honour, yet in all probability his relationship to Sir
Thomas Bodley, the great benefaCtor to this university, had
its influence in procuring his election to this fellowship. On
entering into holy orders he went abroad, and at his return
became a celebrated preacher. He was afterwards made
chaplain to prince Charles, but was dismissed from that
station for drawing up a traCt in MS. against the prince's
marriage with the Infanta of Spain. He was also taken
into custody, together with some other persons, who had too
freely expressed their sentiments on that negotiation. On
regaining his liberty, he returned to Oxford ; and when Dr.
Prideaux was promoted to the see of Worcester, he was
eleCted reCtor of this college in his room, but resided there
a very short time ; for the rebellion breaking out, he re
turned

IN THE UNIVERSTTY OF OXFORD. 133
turned to his reCtory of Heanton near Barnstaple in Devon
shire, which, being but of small value, he was suffered to
keep till 1649, when he died, and was buried in his parish
church." Dr. Hakewill was a general scholar, a sound di
vine, and an excellent philosopher. Though he had a wife
and family to provide for, he laid out 10001. in building a
chapel for this college.
Works. — 1. The Vanity of the Eye, 1608, Svo. This was
written for the comfort of a young lady who became blind by the
small-pox. 2. Scutum Regium adversus omnes Regicidas et Regicidarum
Patronos, ab initio mundi usque ad interitum Phocae Imperatoris,
&c. lib. 3. London 1612, Svo.
3. The Antient and Ecclesiastical PraCtice of Confirm it'' n,
confirmed by arguments drawn from Scripture, Reason, Councils,^
Fathers, and Later Writers, &c. London, 161.'!, 4to.
4. Answer tp a Treatise written by Dr. Carier, by way of Let
ter to his majesty, wherein he h>yeth down sundry political consi
derations, by which he pretendeth himself was moved, and en-
deavoureth to move others to be reconciled to the Church of Rome,
&c. 1606, 4to.
5. Twelve Sermons on Ps. 101, 1621, Svo.
6. Sermon preached at Barnstaple, on Judg. v. 51, 1632, 4to.
7. Sermon at the Funeral of John Downe, B. D. reftor of In-
stow in Devon, 1633, 4to. [This is an excellent tribute to the
memory of a very excellent divine.]
8. Comparison between the days of Purim and that of Powder
Treason, lfii'O', 4 to.
9. An Apology or Declaration ofthe Power and Providence of
God in the Government of the World, &c. 1C27, and again in
] 635, folio, much enlarged. [This is one of the most able confuw
tations of Atheism in any language : Dr. Derham has made great
use of it in the notes to his P 'hysico-Theology .]
10. Discourse of the Lord's Day, 1641, 4 to.
11. A Disputation with Dr. Heylin concerning the pretended
Sacrifice in the Eucharist, 1641, 4to.
12. A Treatise rescuing Dr. John Rainolds, and other grave
Divines, from the vain assaults of P. Heylin, touching the History
of St, George, MS.
13. A Translation of Sir Thomas Bodley 's Life into Latin,
MS. in the public library ;
Henry Tozer, B. D. Sub-reclorship and Fellozvship.
He was born at North Tawton in Devonshire, in 1602 ;
and after receiving his grammatical education at the school
of Barnstaple, in that county, was removed in 1619 to this
college, of which he was chose fellow in 1623. He was a
man

140 EXETER COLLEGE,
man of great piety, and, as a preacher, was much followed by
the puritans ; in consequence of which, in 1643 he was no
minated one of the Assembly of Divines. But the faCtious
party who bore- the chief sway, wers as much mistaken in
tae principles of Mr. Tozer, as they were with regard to
those of some other worthy men whom they appointed
members of that assembly. He scorned to take a seat among
men whose direCt ^im was to rend and despoil the church,
but continued at Oxford, where he often preached before
the court and parliament. For his attachment to the royal
cause, he was offered his doCtor's degree ; but his modesty
prevented his accepting that honour. Dr. Hakewill hav
ing retired from the college, the government of it devolved
upon Mr. Tozer, who discharged the important trust with
great fidelity, and resolutely maintained its rights and privi
leges against the intruding visitors. He was cited before
these usurpers at Merton College, March 21, 1647, when
these heinous offences were exhibited against him, viz.
" his having continued the use of the Common Prayer in
'*f this college, after the ordinance for the Directory was put
*' in force ; and of having sent for and admonished a student
" of the house, for refusing to attend the chapel prayers on
" that account ; likewise for having expressed the utmost
" dislike to any of the parliament party, and of always coup-
" tenancing and patronizing the loyalists of his college.'1
It was also charged against him, that he, as well as Dr. Fell
(the vice chancellor), had opened the term at the accustomed
time, though the visitors had issued a prorogation of it. To
all these accusations, Mr. Tozer returned this brief answer,
" that the things concerning which he was questioned, re-
" lated to the discipline of the college, and that some time
" before he had in the name of the whole college declared,
", that they could not, without perjury, submit to any other visitors
" than what their statutes decreed them to." This was a serious
and solemn truth, which on men professing so great a regard
for religion, as the most of these visitors did, ought to have had
its weight ; but they made as little conscience of the obliga
tion of an oath, as they did of common right and honesty.
Without any regard to the uprightness of • his answer, they
immediately proceeded to ejeCt Mr. Tozer ; but he held pos
session in opposition to their mandate, till June 29, when
they completed their unrighteous judgment,, by sending
him to prison, because he would, npt break his oath in obe
dience to their authority. How long he remained in con
finement.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. lit
-finement does not appear; but we find, that, just before
this, he had been, through the instigation of these inquisitors,
dragged with the greatest contumely and violence out of
the pulpit of St. Martin's church, " for preaching," as they
said, " pestilential doCtrine," i. e. Duty to God and Loyalty
to the King. •
It must be owned, that, after all these atrocious aCts, he
was allowed a chamber in this college, and also the profits of
a travelling fellowship ; but Dr. Walker doubts whether
this was ever paid. Perhaps these hypocrites thought, that
by such an aCt of indulgence, which was rather unusual in
them, they should get the good man over, at least tacitly, to
their side : but if this was their motive, they were disap
pointed; for, being shocked with their sacrilegious and rebel
lious conduCt, he went over to Holland, and became chap
lain to the English faCtory at Rotterdam, where he died
in 1650.
Works. — l. Directions for- a Godly Life, especially for com
municating at the Lord's Table, Oxon. 1628. This piece was sp
acceptable as to run through ten editions, the last of which was
printed in 16SO.
2. Several single Sermons.
3. DiCta et FaCta Christi, ex quatuor Evangelistis collefta, et in
ordine disposita, 8vo, 1634, Oxon.
Aaron Birdall, — . Fellowship.
It appears that he had been ejeCted some years before the
visitation, perhaps by a parliamentary decree, as his name
does not occur in the list of fellows at this college in 1647.
But that he was a sufferer in the great cause of religion and
loyalty, is evident from a petition presented by his widow
to the corporation for relieving the distressed families of
those ministers who had been ejeCted in the rebellion. This
petition states, " that he had been expelled Exeter College
" for refusing the covenant :" but nothing more is knowti
.concerning him.
Degory Polwhele.
He was of a good and antient family, settled at a seat of
the same name in Cornwall, of which we believe the Rev.
Mr. Polwhele, well known to the world by his various and
ingenious publications, is the present possessor. He sur
vived the usurpation, and in 1660 was created M. D. and in
the chancellor's letter to the university for that purpose, is
this

U2 EXETER COLLEGE,
this account of him : " That he had, from the beginning of
" the kite unhappy troubles, vigorously and faithfully served
" his majesty under the command of Ralph lord Hopton,
" then of Sir James Smith, In the quality of a major of
" horse, and continued in arms until the surrender of Pen-
" dermis Castle ; from whence he went to his late majesty
" of blessed memory, and afterwards followed his now ma-
" jesty for some time in Holland and Flanders ; and in or
" about the year 1650, he returned into Cornwall, where he
*' betook himself to the study and praCtice of physic, &c."
John Bidgood, — . Fellowship.
He was a native of Exeter, and was ejeCted from his fel
lowship iji 1648, for refusing to submit to the visitors, an(d
for drinking to the confusion of reformers. He afterwards
went to Padna, where he took his degree of M. D. and was
incorporated in the same at Oxford in 1660. He also be
came fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He was
exceedingly well skilled in his profession, and acquired a
considerable fortune in his native city, where he practised
during the remainder of his life. Wood relates some ill-
natured things of him, which, as noway concerning this
Work, we shall omit. But let his faults be what they might,
he made a pious end, and left several large sums to charitable
purposes. He died at Exeter in 1690.
Arthur Bury, — . Fellowship.
He was born at Heavitree near Exeter, of which parish
his father was vicar. He received his education at Exeter
School, from whence he removed to this college, of which
he became a fellow, but was dispossessed by the visitors. He
survived the usurpation, and then regained his fellow
ship, became prebendary of Exeter, and had the degree of
D. D. conferred upon him. He was also presented to one
of the vicarages of Bampton in Oxfordshire, which he re
signed in 1707. In 1665 he was chosen reCtor of his col
lege, which place he held till 1690, and was then dispos
sessed by Bishop Trelawney for publishing a scandalous
book in behalf of Socinianism, entitled " The Naked Gos
pel :" this work, though printed at Oxford, had London in
the title-page, and was burnt in the university by the com
mon hangman, in consequence of a decree of the convoca
tion. He was living in 1714, but very aged and infirm.
Besides the book above-mentioned, he published —
1. Several

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 14$
1 , Several Sermons on public occasions,
2. The Constant Communicant, a dialogue, proving that Con
stancy in receiving the Lord's Supper is the indispensable Duty
of every Christian, l681,8vo.
S. The Doftrine ofthe Incarnation of our Lord asserted and
explained. 4. Several small Trafts relative to the Naked Gospel ; and the
proceedings against.him.
Bernard Gillard, — . Fellowship.
Though he was ejeCted by the visitors, he afterwards sc<
far complied with the times as to obtain the reCtory of Ro-
mansleigh in Devonshire, which he resigned in 1663, and
then became reCtor of Bridford and of Poltimore, both ia
the same county : he died sub-dean of Exeter.
 Swete, — . Fellowship.
Though he was not formerly expelled, yet, as he volunta
rily quitted the university, rather than submit to the autho
rity of the visitors, he most certainly merits a place here.
There is a Mr. John Swete mentioned by Dr. Walker in
his account of Corpus Christi College, and we shrewdly sus-
peCt that they were both one and the same person, as the
circumstances of both are so extremely similar. The family,
which is a very antient and respeCtable one near Exeter,
still exists ; and we should be much obliged to them for any
particulars on the subjeCt, which, if we receive, shall be given
in the Appendix. The same observation will serve with re-
speCt to other characters, of whom our present notice may
be brief and imperfeCt.
Matthias Prideaux, A. M. Fellowship.
He was the son of the learned and pious bishop of Wor
cester, and on the breaking out of the rebellion took up
arms in the royal cause, as many other loyal students did.
When the city of Oxford surrendered to the parliament
army, he retired to London, where he died in 1646.
He wrote —
An Easy and Compendious Introduftion for reading of all Sorts
of Histories, Oxon, 1648, 4to. Another edition in 1655. To
which was added, a Synopsis of the Counsels written by his Father,
who, as it is said, had a considerable hand in the Easy and Com
pendious Introduction. S Jo,hn

14* EXETER COLLEGE,
John Berry, — . Fellowship.
Though he was dispossessed by the visitors, his principle?
were puritanical, and he obtained the reCtory of East Dowii
in his natiye county of Devon, from whence he was ejeCted
for non-conformity in 1662.
John MauDuiT, — . Fellowship.
This person also fell in with the times, after having been
ejeCted from his fellowship ; and during some part of the
usurpation held the living of Penshurst in Kent, from which
the great and good Dr. Hammond had been driven. He
afterwards obtained the living of Ansty in Devonshire, of
which he was deprived for non-conformity in 1662.
Francis Soreton, — . Fellowship.
He likewise became a non-conformist, and in 1662 was
ejeCted from the valuable living of Honiton in Devonshire.
Besides these persons, who are all enumerated in Walker,
we find the following suffering members of this house.
Baldwin Ackland, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born of a very honourable family in Somerset
shire, and became an eminent tutor in this college : but
when the engagement was imposed, or the oath by which
every person was required to swear " that he would be true
" and faithful to the commonwealth of England as it was
" then established without a king or house of lords," he chose
to quit the university rather than do such a violence to his
conscience. He then settled at North Cadbury in Somer
setshire, where he was followed by several of his pupils ;
among whom was
George Bull, — .
Of whom it is fitting that we should give an account, as
he voluntarily quitted the university, with all its advantages,
because he could not comply with the terms of an iniquitous
oath. This great man was the son of an opulent tradesman at
Wells in Somersetshire, where he was born March 25,
1634. He received his education at Tiverton school, in the
county of Devon, from whence he was removed to Exeter
college before he had obtained his fourteenth year, and was
placed under the above-mentioned Mr. Ackland, with whom',
on their leaving the university, he resided till he was about
nineteen

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 143
nineteen years of age. After quitting Mr. Ackland, he
went to live with a Mr. Thomas, reCtor of Ubley in that
county, with a view of prosecuting his theological studies.
A worse choice could not have been made; for this gentle
man was not Only very insufficient, but extremely bigoted
to the doCtrines of Calvin, and to the presbyterian disci
pline. But Mr. Thomas's son, who afterwards became pre
bend of Wells, was of a more enlarged mind, and furnished
Mr. Bull with the works of Hooker, Hammond, Grotius,
&c. much against the wish of his father, who would fre
quently say, " My son will corrupt Mr. Bull." Thus it
pleased God to correCt the disadvantages of his education,
and, by a favourable circumstance, to strike such light into
his mind as preserved him from the bad principles of those
times, and directed his understanding in distinguishing
truths of the greatest importance.
Soon after leaving Mr. Thomas, he received holy orders
privately from the hands of Dr. Skinner, the. suffering
bishop of Oxford, who had the courage to send many la
bourers into the Lord's Vineyard, when the exercising his
episcopal office was made final by the parliament. Mr. Bull
was ordained both deacon and priest in one day, and that
when he was no more than one-and- twenty. Though this
was not stridly canonical, yet the exigency of the times
gave it a sanction. Shortly after this, he accepted the small
living of St. George's Somersetshire, a few miles below Bris
tol, where he found many quakers, and other wild sectaries,
who held very extravagant opinions ; but by his constantly
preaching twice every Lord's day, by his sound doCtrine and
exemplary life, by his great charities, (for he expended more
annually in relieving the poor of all sorts, than the whole
income of his living amounted to,) and by his prudent be
haviour, he gained very much upon the affeCtions of his
parishioners, and was very instrumental' in preserving many
and reclaiming others from those pernicious errors which
then were common among them; He had not been long
settled in this place, when a singular circumstance happened
which greatly increased his reputation. The matter was this :
One Sunday when he had begun his sermon, as he was turn
ing over his. bible to explaip some texts of scripture which
he had quoted, his notes, containing- several small pieces of
paper, flew out of his bible into the middle ofthe church, to
the great entertainment of many of the congregation, who
concluded that their young minister would be completely at
Vol. I. K. a boh-.

UQ EXETER COLLEGE,
a nonplus for want of his materials ; but some who We?e
more considerate, gathered up the notes, and carried them to-
him in the pulpit. Mr. Bull took them, but, perceiving most
of his hearers inclined to triumph over him in his confusion,
and to insult his youth, immediately put the notes into his
book, and having shut it, continued the subjeCt extempore,
with the greatest coolness and order, without being once
at a loss.
The iniquity of the times would not bear the regular use"
ofthe Liturgy ; to supply which defeCt, Mr. Bull formed all
the devotions he offered up in public, out pf the Book of
Common Prayer, which did not fail to supply him with
fit matter and proper words upon all occasions. He did
this with so much fervour and ardency of affeCtion, and with
so powerful an emphasis in every part, that they who were
the most prejudiced against the Liturgy, did not scruple to
commend Mr. Bull as a person that prayed by the spirit,
though at the same time they railed at the Common Prayer
as a beggarly element, and as a carnal performance.
A remarkable instance of this happened while he was mi
nister of St. George's, which, because it shews how valua
ble the Liturgy is in itself, and what unreasonable prejudices
are sometimes taken up against it, our readers will excuse
us for mentioning it. He was sent for to baptize the child
of a dissenter in his parish ; upon which occasion he made
use of the office of baptism as prescribed by the church
pf England, which he had got entirely by heart ; and he
went through it with so much readiness and freedom, and
yet with so much gravity and devotion, and gave that life
and spirit to- all that he delivered, that the whole audi
ence were extremely affeCted with his performance; and
notwithstanding his using the sign of the cross, they were
go ignorant of the church offices, that they did not discover
jt was the common prayer. When the whole was over, the
father of the child returned him many thanks, intimating at
the same time with how much greater edification they
prayed, who depended entirely on the Spirit of God for his
assistance in their extempore effusions, than those did who
tied themselves up to premeditated forms : and that if he
had not made the sign of the cross, which was, as he termed
it, a badge of popery, -nobody could have formed an objec
tion to his excellent prayers. Upon this, Mr. Bull hoping
to recover him from his ill-grounded prejudices, shewed
typx the office of baptism in the Liturgy, wherein was con
tained

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Ut
tained every prayer which he had made use of on that occa
sion ; and this, with other arguments that he then urged,
wrought so effectually upon the good man and his family,
that they always after that time frequented the parish
church, and never absented themselves from Mr. Bull's
communion. While he remained minister of this parish, the Providence
of God was pleased to appear wonderfully in his preserva
tion. The lodgings he had taken in this place were conti--
guous to a powder-mill, the danger of which situation so
affeCted his good friend Mr. Morgan, a gentleman of the
parish, that he insisted upon his removing to his house. For
some time he declined this kind offer, but at last he complied
with it, and a few days after hjs removal the mill was blown
up, and his apartment with it, the very hour that he used
commonly to be in his study. During his being at St.
George's, it was his custom to make a journey once a year
to Oxford, where he remained two months to enjoy the ad
vantage of the public libraries. In his way thither, as well
as on his return, he always made a visit to Sir William Mas
ters of Cirencester ; and while there, usually preached for
Mr. Alexander Gregory, incumbent of that place, whose'
daughter he married 1658. She was a most excellent wo
man, and had so great an affeCtion for her husband, that
when he died she preferred residing at Brecknock to settling
among her relations, because that his remains were interred
in that place, by the side of which her own were deposited a
few years after his death. By this marriage Mr. Bull had
five sons and six daughters.
About this time he was presented to the reCtory of Sud-
dington St. Mary in Gloucestershire, by Lady Pool. No
man was more zealous in promoting the royal cause than,
Mr. Bull ; and several gentlemen in his neighbourhood had
frequent meetings at his house, to consult how they might
contribute their assistance towards the restoration of the
king. When that happy event was accomplished, Mr. Bull
used frequently to preach at Cirencester, where, by his judi
cious discourses, he reconciled many to the church of Eng
land, and in his own parish he made a free use of the Liturgy
a considerable time before it became re-established.
In 1662, at the request of his diocesan, Bishop Nicholson,
Mr. Bull was presented to the neighbouring vicarage of Sud-
dington St. Peter, by the Earl of Clarendon, then lord chan-
eellor; but the value of both united did hot exceed one hun-f
£' 2 dred

148 . EXETER COLLEGE,
dred pounds a year. The only dissenters he had to disturb «
thep-iace of his parish were a few quakers, who resisted all
his endeavours to bring them to the church, for they were
as obstinate as they were ignorant. One of these, who was
a noted preacher among them, once accosted Mr. Bull in
these words : " George, as for human learning I set no value
upon it ; but if thou wilt talk scripture, have at thee." Upon
which Mr. Bull, willing to come at his confidence, readily
answered, " Come on then friend !" so opening the bible,
which lay before them, he fell upon the book of Proverbs,
" See'st thou, friend," saith he, Solomon saith in one place,
" answer a fool according to his. folly ;" and in another
place, " answer not a fool according to his folly ;" how dost
thou reconcile these two texts of scripture ? Why, said the
quaker, Solomon don't say so ? To which Mr. Bull replied,
" Aye, but he doth ;" and turning to the places, he soon con
vinced him. On which the quaker, being much out of coun
tenance, said, " why then Solomon's a fool ;" wliich ended
the controversy.
Mr. Bull was a most diligent pastor, and adhered scrupu
lously to all the prescriptions of the church ; and though
in his preaching he made but little use of notes, which was
owing; to the singular strength of -his memory, and the clear
ness of his judgment, yet he never wandered into any mys
tical i or enthusiastic flight. His discourses, though fre
quently doCtrinal, and oftentimes profound, were in general
plain and earnest exhortations to the praCtice of the Chris
tian duties, as the only satisfactory evidence of righteousness.
He was not content with the discharge of his public duty as.
a parish priest, but he attended with equal assiduity to the
temporal necessities of his people. He had not the least
tinCture of covetousness in his temper ; hospitable he was
to all his neighbours, and they never wanted relief who were
known to him to stand in need of it. When he visited any
poor sick family, his prayers and alms went together. He
would send largely to poor housekeepers in the time of their
distress, when they were visited with sickness, or had sus
tained any great loss. But the widows and orphans of cler
gymen who were unprovided for, were the constant objeCts.
of his care and concern ; he usually gave liberally himself,
and was very aCiive in procuring charities from the gentry
on such occasions, and his charaCter was such that his soli-.
citations for charitable purposes were never in vain. One
particular method of his in doing good, was in. keeping poor.
children

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 149
children at school : of thc advantages attending religious
education he was deeply sensible ; and this made- him parti
cularly attentive to the children of thc poor, many of whom
at the last day will arise and call him blessed.
The only amusement he indulged in, besides that of cheer
ful conversation, was in his books. " His study," says the
excellent writer of his Life, " was the scene of his most ex
quisite pleasure ; and he would freely own with great assur
ance, that he tasted the most refined satisfaction in the pur
suit of knowledge that the present state of human nature was
capable of; and that when his thoughts were lively, and
lucky in his compositions, he found no reason to envy the
most voluptuous epicure. In 1669 he printed that excellent
work his Apostolical Harmony, or two dissertations concerning
the doCtrine of St. James on Justification, and a reconcilia
tion between the sentiments of that apostle and those of St.
Paul on that important subjeCt. This work, which is in
Latin, was dedicated to his friend and patron Bishop Nichol
son, who had greatly encouraged him in the composition of
it. Mr. Bull's aim herein was to settle the much agitated
question of Justification by Faith or Works, which had pro
duced the fiercest dissensions among Divines both at home
and abroad. Though he leans more to the Arminian side
than to the Calvinistic, he yet prudently avoids the extremes
to which many partizans of the former scheme had carried
their definitions and conditions. Tlie grand objeCt of his
first dissertation is to shew, " That good works, which proceed
" from faith, and are joined with faith, are a necessary condi-
" tion required from us by God, to the end that by the new
" and evangelical covenant obtained by and seated in the
" blood of Christ the mediator of it, we may be justified ac-
" cording to his free and unmerited grm e." Thus it is evident,
that though he holds that good works are a condition, yet,
against both papists and pelagians, he renounces all plea of me
rit in those works. Of this great and evangelical principle, the
second dissertation was no more than au elaborate illustration
of defence. This performance attracted considerable no
tice, and was attacked by several writers, as well in as out of
the church of England. Tlie controversy lasted a long
time, and- was managed by some of Mr. Bull's opponents,
particularly by Dr. Tully, with considerable ability and as
perity. However, our author replied, and perhaps few im
partial and competent readers will scruple to allow, that the
advantage lay materially, if not wholly, on his side. At least
K 3 this

150 EXETER COLLEGE,
this much is certain, that in consequence of the publication
of the Harmony, and the dispute attending it, the high Cal
vinistic doCtrines went rapidly down, and a more liberal and
jcriptural view of the doCtrine of Man's Acceptance with
God prevailed. In 1678, Mr. Bull's great merit recom
mended him to the patronage of the lord chancellor Finch,
afterwards Earl of Nottingham, who bestowed upon him a
prebend in the Oxford cathedral of Gloucester. In 1685,
our divine published the greatest of his works, his Defensio
Fidei Nieena, concerning which he had thrown out a hint
in one of his former treatises, and which had of course ex
cited general expectations. In this most profound and la
boured performance, the " Consubstantiality and Co-eternity
.of the Son of God," is irrefragably proved to have been the
•Catholic Faith before the Council of Nice. Nothing could
be more seasonable than this work at the time of its publi
cation, for numerous pieces in favour of the Arian and So
cinian heresies were artfully dispersed over England ; and
some learned divines, in their zeal to vindicate the Catho
lic doCtrine of the Trinity, had made some strange mistakes,
and had made concessions which were likely to be of dan
gerous consequence. This book was no sooner printed at
Oxford, than it was received with universal applause ; and
the fame of it spread itself into foreign parts, where it was
highly valued by the best judges of antiquity, and was no
ticed in a very distinguishing manner by the famous Bossuet
bishop of Meaux, between whom and our divine there was
afterwards a friendly correspondence. The same year he
was presented to the reCtory of Averning in Gloucester
shire ; and the year following, Archbishop jjancroft con
ferred on him the archdeaconry of Llandaff,' about which
time the university of Oxford conferred on him the degree
of D. D. without fees. Soon after the revolution, he was
put into the commission of the peace, the main inducement
to his acceptance of which, says his biographer, was, " that
he might have an opportunity to put the laws in execution
against immorality and profaneness." And this we think
will be a sufficient apology for a clergyman's aCting in the
same capacity.
In 1694, Dr. Bull published his Judicium Ecclesia Catho
lica, from the Oxford press ; the design of which was to de
fend the anathema pronounced at the first council of Nice,
against the exceptions of Episcopius.
The last treatise which he wrote was the *' Primitive and
Apo-

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 15 1
Apostolical Tradition of the doCtrine received in the Catho
lic church, concerning the Divinity of our Saviour Jesus
Christ, asserted and evidently demonstrated against Daniel
Zwicker, &c." ; but it did not appear till 1703, when it was
published with the rest of his works by the learned Dr.
Grabe. In 1 704-5, Dr. Bull was consecrated, though much against
his own inclinations, bishop of St. David's, which extensive
diocese he governed with great care and tenderness, though
at the time of his advancement he was 7 1 years of age. He
resided almost constantly in his diocese, and thus watched
with a truly episcopal vigilance over the conduCt of his
clergy. He reformed a great number of abuses, and insti
tuted many excellent regulations for the promotion of pure
religion. His charities were very extensive, and he was par
ticularly attentive to the wants of the aged poor.
This incomparable prelate died in the full triumph of
faith, February 17, 170^- ; and the last word he spoke was
Amen, to the commendatory prayer, which he repeated twice
distinctly and audibly after his usual manner.
He was buried in the Collegiate church of Brecknock,
about a week after his death, between two of his predecessors,
Bishop Manwaring and Bishop Lucy. He left behind him
but two out of eleven children. His son Robert was reCtor
of Tortworth in Gloucestershire, and prebendary of the
cathedral church in that county. He married a grand
daughter of the great Judge Hale. The bishop's daughter
married a grandson of the same judge.
Bishop Bull's Latin works were collected and published
under the direction of the excellent Dr. Grabe, in 1 vol.
folio, 1703. After his death were printed his Sermons and
Charges, in 4 vols. 8vo. His Life, with his Portrait, was pub
lished in 1 vol. 8vo, 1713, by that eminently pious Christian-
Robert Nelson, Esq.

K 4 JESUS

( 152 )

JESUS COLLEGE.
Francis Mansell, D. D. Principalship.
He was the third son of Sir Francis Mansell of Maddles-
combe, in Caermarthenshire, baronet ; was first a commoner
of this house; afterwards became fellow of All Souls; and
in 1620, returned again to this college, being then eleCted
principal of it. The year following he resigned his *head-
ship to Sir Eubule Thelwall, on a prospeCt of some advan
tage which would accrue to this society thereby ; and his
year of grace not being quite expired, he returned to All
Souls. In 1630, he was again eleCted principal, on the death
of the gentleman before mentioned ; and was possessed of
the headship in 1647, when the reformation of this univer
sity was set on foot. In November of that year, he was sum
moned before the committee at London, which had that
blessed work in hand ; and, May 22, 1648, was ejeCted by
them ; who at the same time put Mr. Michael Roberts, one
of his fellows, into the headship. His temporal estate, also,
was put under sequestration. August 1, 1660, he was re
stored to his college by the king's commissioners, and died
May 1, 1665; having been a very great benefaCtor to his
college, both in its buildings and revenues. He was some
time canon of St. David's, and treasurer of Llandaff; and
at his death he made an addition to the stipend of both thc
canonry and treasuryship.
John Hughes,  . Fellowship.
He was ejeCted by the visitors, May 18, 1648, before the
rest of the fellows ; and was also imprisoned for a bold and
resolute answer which he had returned to those mock-
reformers ; so that he wis never afterwards admitted to fa
vour, and therefore is to be accounted as utterly disposr
sessed. Daniel Brevint, F. A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in the Island of Jersey, educated in logic
and philosophy at Saumur in France, made A. M. there on
the 12th of September 1634, constituted first fellow ofthe
French fellowship founded in Jesus College by the royal
martyr, and incorporated A. M. as he stood at Saumur. In
1638 he took holy orders, and in the time of the grand re-
w — , — « bellion

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. lb$
bellion by the Puritans, retired to his own country for safety.
But being soon after ejeCted therice for refusing the cove
nant, (as he was from his fellowship by the parliamentary
visitors in 1648,) he went to France into voluntary exile*
where he was for some time minister of a congregated church
in Normandy, and at length became chaplain to the illus
trious Marshal Turenne. About the time ofthe restoration
of King Charles II. he came into England, was installed pre
bendary of Durham on the 15th of May 1660, and created
D. D. in 1661. In 1681 he was made dean of Lincoln by
the ecclesiastical commissioners, and installed in that dig
nity on the 7th of January in the year following. He died
in the year 1695. He was a person, says Wood, of great
reading, zealous for the church of England, and, for his life
and learning, truly praise-worthy.
His works are —
I . Ecclasise Sacramentum, et Sacrificium, a pontificiis corrup-
telis, et exinde natis controversiis liberura;
2. Eucharistiae Christians Prase.ntia realis, et. Pontificia fifta,
luculentissimis non testimoniis modo, sed etiam fundamentis, qui
bus fere tota SS. Patrum Theologia nititur, hasc explosa, ilia suf.
fulta et asserta.
3. Pro serenissima Principe Weimariensi ad Theses Jenenses
accurata responsio.
4. Ducentas plus minus Praelecliones in S. Matthaei xxv. capita,
et aliorum Evangelistarum locos hisce passim parallelos. When
published is uncertain.
5. The Depth and Mystery ofthe Roman Mass, Oxon. at-the
theatre 1672 and 73, 8vo.
6. The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice, by way of discourse,
meditation and prayer, upon the nature, parts, and bles'sings of
the holy communion. Oxon. 1678, 12mo.
7. Saul and Samuel at Endor, or the New Way of Salvation
and Service, which usually ternpt men. to Rome, and detain them
there, truly represented and refuted. Oxon. 1674, Svo. London,
1GS8, 12mo.
8. A Brief account of R. F. Missale vindicatum, &c. Printed
with the first edition of Saul and Samuel.
George Evans,  . ^Fellowship.
One of both these names was licensed to the curacy of St,
Benet Fink, May 16, 1663 ; was afterwards canon of Wind
sor, reCtor of Hicham in Berks,. D. D. and died March 2,
1701, aged 72 years. < < John

tW JESUS COLLEGE,
John Flower, William Wilkins, James Penny, Wil
liam Price, Theod. Basset. Fellowship.
All these were certainly ejeCted.
There occur likewise the following names in the visitors
register of expulsions :
James Quarles,  -.
One of both these names was sequestered from a living
in Wales. Thomas Ellis,  .
He is supposed by Dr. Walker to be the same person
who, in 1665, became reCtor of St. Mary's of Dolgelby, in
Merionethshire, and was at that time B. D. If so, it is Cer
tain that he was fellow of the house ; and that he was very
well versed in British histories ; was a singular lover of an
tiquities ; made many additions to Powell's history of Wales;
and died in 1673.
Thomas Williams,  .
This Was the person who was created LL. B. in 1661,
and had been, says Wood, " a sufferer for his majesty's
cause." And if so, it is not improbable that he was fellow
of both the houses, and totally ejeCted. But this, however,
is rather conjecture than certainty.
Whitgift Gibbons, Thomas Morgan, Andrew Savage,
Lewis Williams, Peter Mayock, William Paris,
Humphry Bolton, Henry Pugh.
" In my transcript of the visitors register of this house,
1(says Dr. Walker,) I have also John Duncombe and Wil
liam White ; but to each of their names is added uncertain :
whether it be meant that their ejection was uncertain, or
that it was uncertain whether they were of this college or
no, I cannot say, but guess it to be the latter ; and take the
first of them to be one ofthe ejeCted fellows of Oriel college,
arid the other to have been the sequestered master of Mag
dalen school." May 18, 1658, seventeen of this college re
fused submission to the visitors ; and i by OCtober following
they had chosen into it seventeen fellows and scholars.

ST.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. ISf

ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
Richard Bayly, D. D. Presidentship, Deanry of Salisbury^
and Prebend of Chistwici, in the Church of St. Paul.
He had been chaplain to his majesty, a dignitary in the
church of St. David, and archdeacon of Nottingham. He
became president of his college in the year 1626, and about
1635 dean of Salisbury, by the interest of his kinsman Arch
bishop Laud ; to whom he had been some time chaplain,
and was afterwards one of his executors. Upon the break
ing out of the wars, he was concerned in sending the plate
of this university to his majesty, for which he was forced to
abscond for some time. When the visitation came on in
3 648, he made a stand in defence of the rights and liberties
of his college, and was on that account summoned before
the reforming committee at London, and by them voted out
of his presidentship in December of the same year. On the
1 7th of March following, he was threatened by the same
committee to be taken into custody, for not paying obe
dience to such orders as the parliament and themselves had
issued out relating to this college. However, he would not
yield possession till the chancellor, at the head of a party of
dragoons and garrison soldiers, came to this college April
13, 1648 ; at which time he found Dr. Bayly in the Qua
drangle, coming to receive him at the gate. When the earl
came into the college with his train, they went direCtly to
the hall ; and taking Dr. Bayly with them, required him
to submit himself and his college to the visitors, and to
quit his presidentship on the very first notice from them in
scriptis. But he told the chancellor that he could not sub
mit to the former without manifest perjury, and that the
latter would be to cut his own throat ; adding, that he be
lieved the answer which he had delivered in writing to the
visitors, relating to that matter, had never been laid before
the parliament ; because he had shewn therein, from eight
places of his college statutes, that they could not, under pain
of perjury and expulsion, submit to any other visitor than
what the statutes had appointed : and that he had requested
the visitors, that they would use their good offices with the
parliament, that the case might be tried in any court of
England ; or that any other course might be taken to ex
amine their cause, than this of a visitation. But what he
had.

156 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
had then said, or what he now offered, was all in vain ; sav
ing that it put the visitors to such miserable shifts for pre
tences in answer to plain facts, and the undoubted rights
which were alledged, that it exposed them to the laughter
(and probably the indignation and contempt;) of all that were
present, themselves excepted. However, they went direCtly
from the hall to the lodgings, to put the successor in pos
session of them. There they met the doCtor's lady, who
had brought her children with her in hopes of exciting
compassion, but to little purpofe : for Nathaniel Brent im
mediately went up to her and told her that she must pre
pare to leave the lodgings, and they would allow her a fort
night to remove her goods. The poor afflicted lady replied,
that she could not do it in a month ; because her children
were sick of the ague. Upon which they were so merciful
as to allow her a fortnight longer. A pleasant passage which
happened on this melancholy occasion, deserves to be no
ticed. " The doCtor, in the heat of discourse under these
oppressions, had said, By my faith ! At which the godly Sir
William Cobbe cried out in astonishment, Blasphemy ! O hor
rible blasphemy ! Whereupon the old gentleman desired to
know what was the matter ? what it was that he had said ?
Why, saith Cobbe, he hath sworn by his faith, when faith is
not his own. Say you so, Sir William, replied the doctor ?
But, with your good leave, I do not know what is my own,
if faith be not ; and I doubt, Sir William, you will come but
lamely off when you are to be saved, if you depend upon
another's faith. No, said Cobbe, faith is not your own, it is
the gift of God. Alas, Sir William, returned the old gen
tleman, how much a wise man may be mistaken ! For that
very reason it is my own : for what gives a man a fuller
and more unquestionable right to any thing, than a free
gift ?"
Such was the hypocrisy of those men ; who, though they
came to commit robbery and oppression, yet were their con
sciences so tender, that they could not, without astonish
ment, hear a man swear by. his faith : and so perfectly holy
and righteous were they, that they had their ears (and every
thing else except their hearts,) sanCtified. But to proceed
with the account of Dr. Bayly ; who was not aCtually dispos
sessed at this time, but continued in the lodgings some
weeks longer than the visitors had allowed him, so that the
patience of the person whom the committee had appointed
to succeed .him, was worn out. At length, on June %,
1647,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1ST
1^47, this man came to the college, broke open the lodgings,
and took possession of them by force. Nor must one circum
stance of the doCtor*s sufferings, which renders them barba
rous in a verypeculiar manner,be omitted; which was, that one
of the greatest persons concerned in them, as well in point of
quality as malice, afterwards boasted that he " had turned
out by force Dr. Bayly, his wife, and six pretty children
from St. John's." What the doCtor had to live upon when he
was thus dispossessed of his preferments, we know not ; it
has been said that his dignity in the church of St. David's
had a very good corpse belonging to it, which, at the time Dr.
Bayly was possessed of it, depended only upon a single life ;
and the tenant hoping to have a good bargain, kept at a dis
tance, and offered what was below the value for two lives
more. But the doCtor generously refused it, and was resolved
rather to leave the benefit of it to his successor, than to make
such an unreasonable abatement in the fine. Which ho
nourable resolution was afterwards providentially rewarded ;
for the life dropped while the doCtor was possessed of his
preferment. Upon which he filled up the corpse with the
lives of three of his own children : and this estate was a great
part, if not the whole of his subsistence during the usurpa
tion ; Which he passed over privately in Oxford : and at
length surviving, he was restored to his college in July 1660,
to his deanry likewise, and doubtless to his prebend of St.
Paul's. Heilied at Salisbury in a good old age, on the 27th
of July 1667. His hospitality was great; he was exceedingly
charitable, and he bore his sufferings with a cheerfulness of
mind that became a Christian.
George Wilde, LL. D. Fellowship, and St. Giles's, in
Reading, V.
He was a native of the county of Middlesex, became sue- -
cessively scholar and fellow of this house, and at length
chaplain to Archbishop Laud; who had a great friendship
for him. In 1648, he was turned out of his fellowship by
the visitors, and afterwards • suffered much for his loyalty.
During some part of the usurpation, he kept a religious
meeting for the loyalists in Fleet-street, where the service
of the church of England was constantly performed. After
thei restoration he was promoted to the bishoprick of Lon
donderry in Ireland, the revenues of which see he mostly
spent in charity; and died at Dublin in the year 1665; leav
ing at that time all that he had (save some books which he

158 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
gave to St. John's college) to charitable uses. He was
highly valued in Ireland for his public spirit, religious con
versation, and exemplary piety. In his younger years he
was accounted a person of great ingenuity ; and in his elder,
a man of singular prudence, an honour to the pulpit, and as.
worthy of his function as any in that kingdom.
Works. — The Hospital of Lovers, or Love's Hospital — a
Comedy afted in St. John's College before the King and Queen,
August 30, 1636. Hermophus, Lat. Com. Neither of these
were printed.
Sermon preached on the 3d of March in St. Mary's Oxford,
before the House of Commons, on Psal. 122. v. 8 and 9, l64o.
John Edwa,RDS, M. D. Fellowship, and Natural-Philosophy
Leblurer's Place.
On June 6, 1648, the visitors ordered him and Mr. Gis-
bie, whom we shall mention next, to be seized, and put under
the guard of a couple of soldiers ; and moreover forced Dr.
Edwards and his fellow-prisoner to maintain them during
their confinement. At the same time they placed a senti
nel at the door of each of the chambers ; insomuch that
they could not come at their linen, or any other necessaries.
They both tendered sufficient bail,, but it was not accepted.
The injustice of this usage Dr. Edwards boldly represented
to the visitors ; told them the sureties which they offered
were such as no law in England could refuse ; and added,
that it was indeed no wonder they used them thus, whe&
they had used the most worthy men in the kingdom mucbj
worse. June 27, we find him again convened before the
visitors, then sitting at Magdalen College. What became
of him afterwards, we know not ; of this we are certain, that
he was not only utterly dispossessed of his fellowship and
professorship, but also expelled the university.
George Gisbie, B. D. Fellowship.
We have nothing to add to what he suffered in common
with Dr. Edwards, except that he was at that time bursar of
the college, which occasioned his being more harassed than
any other of the fellows. When he was summoned before
the visitors with Dr. Edwards, he resolutely told the person
whom they had substituted in Dr. Bayly's room, that
allowing he had been duly eleCted president, yet he was not
obliged to give in his accounts to him till the year expired.
He was also expelled the university. But out-livjng the
usurp-

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 159
Usurpation, was restored to his fellowship in 1660, and died
in 1664. When they ejeCted him from the college by their
order of May 26, 1648, they backed it with- this resolution*
that if he did not yield obedience to it, the soldiers of the
garrison should put it into execution.
William Walwyn, B. D. Fellowship.
He was a native of London, and eleCted scholar of this-
house from Merchant-taylors school, and took up arms for
his majesty. After he was ejeCted by the visitors in 1648,
he suffered much for some time ; but at length got the vi
carage of East-Coker in Somersetshire. . On the restoration
he was collated to the prebend of Ealdstreet in the church of
St. Paul, lived some time as chaplain with Sir John Stawell,
and was presented to Rampisham in Dorsetshire, where he
died in 1671. He hath a sermon and another little piece
extant. John Goad, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born in London, became successively scholar and
fellow of this house, and vicar of St. Giles's in the suburbs of
Oxford ; where he continued to perform his duty (notwith
standing the siege) to the hazard df his life, from the ene
my's cannon, which used to fire upon the church in the time
of service. After this he was presented to the vicarage of
Yarnton, which with great difficulty he kept during the
usurpation : though it must be confessed that he was in
vited to return to his fellowship after his ejection ; but he
utterly refused to do it, because he could not conform himself
to the Directory. After the restoration, he was made master of
Tunbridge-school, where he continued but a few months,
and was then removed to the mastership of Merchant-tay
lors' school ; but was dispossessed of it in the year 1681 ;
being but too justly suspeCted of Popery, which in 1686 he
openly professed. He died in 1689: nor can we deny the
Roman Communion the honour of having obtained from- us,
in him, a very learned and pious man .
He wrote several sermons —
I . 'H'HjxsfK aKsiv/j. An advent sermon preached at St. Paul's,
on Luke xxi. 30. London, 1664.
2. Hocvtcc Soxipdgsrs, Sermon on the Trial of All Things at
St. Paul's, on 1 Thess. v. 21. 1664, 4to.
3. Genealogicon Latinum, for the use of the Neophyte in Mer-
gjiant-taylors' school. London, 1S76, Svo.
S 4. Decla-

160 ST. JOHN'S, COLLEGE,
4. Declamation, whether Monarchy be the best form of govern
ment. This is at the end of a book entitled the English Orator,
or Rhetorical Descants by way of declamation, 8vo, 1680. By
Mr. Richards of Trinity College, Oxford.,
.5. Astro-Meteorologica, or Aphorisms and Discourses of the
Bodies Celestial, their natures and influences, &c. The whole dis
course founded on sacred authority and reason.
.6, Autodidaftica, or a Practical Vocabulary to attain to the
knowledge ofthe Latin Tongue. London, lCgn.
7. Astro- Meteorologia sana ; sive, Principia Physico-Mjthema-
tica, quibus mutationum aeris, morborum, aliorumq ; insigniorum
natura; effeCtuum, ratio reddi possit. London, I6g0,
8. A book concerning Plagues, . their natures, numbers, kinds,
&c. which, while printing, was burnt in the dismal conflagration
of London in 1666. Among Mr. Ashmole's MS. books 307, is
-a Diary of the Weather at London, from July l, 1677, to the
last of Ottober 1679, by Mr". Goad.
William Bell, A. B. Fellowship.
He was a native of the city of London, and eleCted scholar
of this house from Merchant-taylors' school ; afterwards'
he became fellow, and was ejeCted by the visitors in 1648.
He retired for some time to France ; and returning in 1655,
was presented with a small benefice in Norfolk, but could
not enjoy it on account ofthe tryers. After the restoration
he became chaplain to Sir John Robinson lieutenant of the
Tower, vicar of St. Sepulchre's, prebendary of St. Paul's,
archdeacon of St. Alban's, chaplain to his majesty; doCtor of
divinity, one of the leCturers of the Temple. He died in
1683 ; " leaving then behind him a precious name among
his parishioners, for his charity, preaching, and other mat
ters, of which they could not speak enough."
Works.— Several Sermons. 1. City Security stated at St.
Paul's before the Lord Mayor, on Psalm 1 27, latter part of the
first verse, 8vo, l6(3o.
2. Joshua's Resolution to serve God with his Family, recom
mended to the praftice of the inhabitants of St. Sepulchre's parish,
from the 24th of Josh. 15, latter part. London, 167S.
3. Sermon preached at the Funeral of Anthony Hinton, late
Treasurer of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, September 15, 1678,
1679. William Creed, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born at Reading in Berkshire, became succes
sively scholar; and fellow of this house, proCtor of the univer sity,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1 61
sity ; and had the degree of B. D. conferred upon him, for
preaching before his majesty and the court at Oxon. In 1648,
he was ejeCted from this college by the visitors ; but afterwards
obtained the living of East Codeford in Wiltshire, which he
was permitted to enjoy during the remainder of the usurpa
tion. In 1660, he was made the king's professbr of divinity
in this university ; on September 1 3 of that year, archdeacon
of Wilts, prebendary of Lyme and Halstock in the church of
Salisbury ; and in the same year, residentiary of this church.
He died in 1663. He was a defender of the church of Eng
land, in the worst of times ; was a good school-man and di
vine, and a noted disputant.
TJdwIrd Sclater,  . Fellowship.
He was born in Middlesex, became a student of this col
lege (a servitor) in 1640, and bore arms for his majesty. He
completed his degrees in arts in 1647, and suffered after
wards for the royal cause. At length he became minister of
Putney in Surry, and kept a school. In the beginning of
1686, he declared himself a papist, and was allowed (King
James II. being on the throne) to put a curate into Putney;
and to give him a salary from the 1601. per annum which he
received there.
Works. — 1. A Grammar for the use of his school.
2. A Vocabulary.
3. Consensus Veterum, or the Reasons of Edward Sclater, mi
nister of Putney, for his Conversion to the Catholic Faith and
Communion. London, 1686, in 14 sheets 4to.
James Aston, A. M. Fellowship.
He had been a captain in his majesty's army, was after the
restoration well beneficed, and in 1682 became canon of
Wells. Peter Mew,  . Scholarship,
He was born at Purse-Cundle in Dorsetshire ; continued
a great loyalist after his ejeftion, and was once, according to
report, in danger of being hanged by the rebels. He was
some time prebendary of Durham, one of the governors of
the Charter-house, canon of Windsor and of St. David's,
and archdeacon of Berks. Aug. 30, 1665, he was made
dean of Rochester, afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells,
Vol. 1^ L and;

16^ ST, JOHN'S COLLEGE,
and was at length advanced to the see of Winchester, in
possession of which he died. He gave 1001. to St. Paul's
cathedral- Nathaniel Croucher, ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . Fellowship.
One of both these names was collated to the reCtory of
Gedleston in Hertfordshire in the year 1669, and died be
fore April 14, 1680.
J _
*George Myller, John Jennings, Arthur Bucker-
idge, Daniel Hitchings, Thomas Winward,
Stephen Pemble, Henry Osbaston, Robert Jen
nings, Edward Tjllesley1\ Fellowship.
Joseph Crowder, B. D. Fellowship, anf Greek-LeBurer's
Place. See St. Paul's Cathedrdl.
These twenty-one foregoing were all of them wholly dis-
-possessed. William Coniars,  . Fellowship.
He was voted to be ejeCted among the rest ; but whether
he afterwards submitted, and made his peace, we cannot find.
In«1653, he became M. D. of this university, and took that
degree as of this college.
As for those which follow, it is certain that their ejeCtion
was voted by the visitors, as appears by their register. But
who of them were not on the foundation, and, of those that
were, who among them afterwards submitted, and continued
in their places, We know not ; but believe it probable that
most of them did so ; because it has been said, that not many
of this college, considering the number on this foundation,
were turned out %.
John Speed,  .
- He was son of John Speed the. chronologist, was born in
Oxford, eleCted scholar of this college about the year 1643,
ejefted theijce by the visitors in 1648, being then A,. B. At
the restoration he was restored to his fellowship ; about wliich
inline, being ac^tudent in physic, he took both degrees, in that
, faculty
i - -'
* Vtttass some of these were only scholars.
"'+ A g.eMetna# of both these names was some time re&or of Finchlsy ia
Middlesex. Rectrt. Eccles. vol, i. p,6o(S,
• J, WiUIeer. __ ,.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 163
faculty, in. 1666, and, afterwards leaving his fellowship, prac
tised jiear Southampton in 1694. . t , ,,:tj
He wrote —
i. Batt upon Batt, a poem upon the. parts, patience, and pains
of Bart. Kempster, clerk, poet, and cutler of Holyrood parish,
Southampton. (
2. The Vision, wherein is described Batt's person and inge
nuity, with an account of the antient and present state and glory
of Southampton. Both printed at London in two sheets folio,'
afterwards in 4to. *-'
 Warner,  Cuffe,  Smith, — 7 — Pulley.
The reason assigned for the expulsion of these last four,
is, that they were beneficed men, and Mr- Pulley moreover
¦married. Of which quaere.
 K^ng,  Ley.
It is likewise said in the register, that these two were
married. Of which qtiaere_also. f,-
 Heacock. p-
He was voted t.9 be expelled for not- appearing before the
visitors, though hewas at that time resident in the uni
versity.
James Davis, Martin Hirst, Thomas Frewyn,
Henry Deighton, William Wright, Matthew
. Randal, Jphn Blackman, Thomas Ward, John
Bell, William Mcjrse, John Blagrave, Jos. Bet?,
Edward Selwood, Goodwyn Swift,  Ste
venson, :  Sn el ling, — — Harding.
The reason alleged for the expulsion of these three lsist,
is their having been in arms against fhe parliament.
May the 8th, 1648, thirty-two of this college refused to
own the authority of the visitation-. Oh the 26th of the same
month, they e&p^fied- six of the fellows of this house fro&t
the university^ anil, October 17 following, they expelled
eight, more ; but whethfer only from the college, or from the
university likewise1, -we cannot ascertain^ It does not appear
bf^Hieir register, that they had chosen more than eight fel
lows into this college, by the latter end of 1649.
William Levins iiaiKkNiehol^s Violet, also of this college,
were both of them expelled by the visitors : Bttt " I am in-

1 64 LINCOLN COLLEGE,
formed," says Dr. Walker, that " they afterwards made their
submission, and were continued." The former of them was
at length president of this house, arid the latter became su
perior beadle of divinity. -

LINCOLN COLLEGE.
Dr. Paul Hood, — — .
,, Jit the time ofthe visitation he was reCtor of this college,
and, submitting himself to the authority of the usurpers, to
his disgrace, retained his situation.
John Webberley, B. D. Fellowship, and Sub-ReEtor.
He was born at East.-Klrbey in Lincolnshire.. In L64S
he was deprived of his fellowship, and sent to Bridewell for
s'ome free expressions against. thq parliament. But though
lie was a "zealous loyalist, and suffered much in the cause,
We do not admit him as any .ornament of ^our work, since he
was hot only a violent Socinian, but took considerable pains
to propagate his heretical notions in the university. He also
translated several Socinian books into English, some with
ahd others without his name : so that, as Dr. Walker justly
observes, " his expulsion wanted nothing but a. lawful au
thority to make it a most commendable. aCt."
 Houghton, B. D. Fellowship, and Reclory of St. Giles
z . in Oxford.
¦ He was dispossessed of his fellowship before the visitation,'.
as^as- the case with some others, perhaps owing to their, be
ing more particularly obnoxious to the faCtion which pre
vailed. He was also deprived of a patrimonial estate worth
1801. a year, by the unrighteous plunderers ; so that at his
death he left a widow and five small children in the utmost*
distress. When this happened, we are not told ; but the suf
fering widow applied for, relief to the corporation for minis
ters' widows, and was supported by that charity.
• iV Richard Chalfgnt, B. D. , .Fellowship.
He preached before the House of Commons when the-
King called a. parliament at -Oxford, May 10, 1644. He
was

IN THE. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 165
was a.native of High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, eleCted
fellow of this college from New-Inn Hall, and was compelled
to leave the kingdom for his loyalty, He retired to Rotterr
dam, and became chaplain to theEhglish faCtory at that place,
where he died in November 1648.
Thomas Marshall, A. B. Scholarship.
He was born at Barkbey in Leicestershire, and became
scholar of this house in , 1640, aged 19 ; about which time
Archbishop Usher " preaching frequently at All Hallows
church, Mr, Marshall became his constant ^hearer, and was
so much affeCted with his sermons, that he resolved from
thenceforth- to make him the pattern of all the religious and
learned aCtions of his life. On the breaking out of the re
belUon, he bore arms for the kirig in the garrison of Oxford,
and at the approach of the visitation quitted the university
and went to Holland, where he succeeded Mr. Tozer. of
Exeter College, as chaplain to the fa'Cfory at Rotterdam. He
survivfed the usurpation, and in 1668 obtained a fellowship
of this house. The year following he became D. D. and in
1672 was chosen reCtor of his college; after which he was
made chaplain in ordinary to the king, reCtor of Bladon in
Oxfordshire, and in 1681 was installed dean of Gloucester.
He died at his lodgings in this college in 1685. Dr. Mar
shall is mentioned as having been " a noted critic, especially
in the Gothic and English-Saxon tongues; a painful preacher,
a good man and a governor, and one every way worthy of
his station in the church." At the time of his death he was
a great benefaCtor to the Bodleian library, and his own col
lege; to the former of which he gave all such books of his
own study (whether printed or MS.) as were not before in
that great repository of learning; and in the latter he founded
some scholarships.
He wrote —
1 . Observationes in Evangeliorum Versiones per antiquas duas
Gothicas, seil. & Anglo-Saxonicas, &c. Dordt. 1665, 4to.
2. The Catechism set forth in the Book of Common Prayer,
briefly- explained by short notes grounded- upon holy scripture;
Oxford, 1679,- 8vo. [This tract was compiled at the request ot
Dr. Fell bishop of Oxford, for the use of his diocese ; and it has
gone through several editions : it was also translated into Welsh.]
, .8. An Epistle for the English Reader, prefixed to Dr. Thomas
Hyde's Translation, into the Malayan Tongue, ofthe Four Gospels,
and. the ACts of the Apostles, 1677,. 8 vo.
L 3 He

i 66 ' LINCOLN COLLEGE,
He likewise contributed largely to Dr. Parr's Life of Arch
bishop Usher.
.Besides the above, Dr. JWajjcer mentions the following
persons as having been expelled from this college. .t
John Kelhaw, William Preston, Robert Betton,
Gilbert Gibbs, Fellows. Robinson and Whetstone,
..Scholars-.
^ "May 11, 1648, Ten of this college refused to own the
Authority of the visitors, which agrees with the number of
those above mentioned ; though it does not appear by their
register, that, at the end of 1650, they had chosen into this
house more than five fellows, or fellpws and schqlars ; but
this was not an unusual case.

, , MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
i
John Oliver, D. D. Presidentship, and Prebend of
Winchester.
He was born in Kent, was originally of Merton college
in this university, and afterwards successively demy and
fellow of this house, and tutor to the renOwned Edward
Hyde, afterwards earl of Clarendon. His great learning,
and sound principles in religion, had made him eminent in
this college, and introduced him to the notice of the incom
parable archbishop Laud; to whom he became domestic
chaplain, and from whom he obtained his promotions in the
church. But, about the year 1643, he was either dispossessed,
or driven from them all, whatever they were. In compen
sation for which, the fellows of this house eleCted him to the
presidentship in the following year ; which, however, in a
short time after, served only to increase his troubles. For,
in November 1647, he was summoned before the parlia
ment for disclaiming the power of the visitors. In Decem
ber following, he was summoned before the committee for
the reformation of the university. About that time also
the committee voted him out of his presidentship ; ahd,
April 13, 1648, put that order into execution by the hands
of the chancellor, attended by the Oxford visitors, and a
party

IN THE UNlVERSrrY OF OXFORD. 167
party of soldiers ; who came to the college, and, striking Dr.
Oliver's name out of the Buttery-book, inserted. John Wil
kinson's in the room of it, the doCtor himself being then
abroad on the college progress. Afterwards proceeding to
break open the doors of the lodgings, they' rifled and plun
dered them, and then left the usurper in possession. Dr.
Oliver had, while he continued in the presidentship, by his
great hospitality and charity to the poor, constantly made
all things even at the year's end ; but, by being thus ejeCted,
was driven to great hardships, and wanted himself What he
had before bestowed on others, and became in a manner an
dbjeCt of charity. On May 18, 1660, which was about a
fortnight before his majesty's return, he was, by authority
of parliament, restored to his college, and was the first of
all the loyal heads in this university that was re-instated.
Soon after, his majesty promated him to the deanry of Wor
cester, which he enjoyed but a very little while ; for he died
OCtober 27, 1661, and Was*at that time strangely desirous
to leave the world, though few alive had such temptations
to stay in it. He was a most learned, meek and pious per
son ; and at the time of his death left most of that little
which he had got after the restoration, either to the poor, or
to the cathedrals of St. Paul, Winchester and Worcester,
and to this college ; except a legacy, which he, in token of
his gratitude, gave to his old pupil the earl of Clarendon, at
wrhose instance he had been promoted to thedeanry. He
likewise gave a small matter to some of his servants, and to
some of his relations who load supported him in his ne
cessities. Abraham Foreman,  . Fellowship.
He was expelled the college, with eleven other fellows, by
the visitors, May 26, 1648 ; and, June following, he, wifh
another of the fellows, was expelled the university also. He
lived to begrestored in 1660, and died in 1667, in the '75th
year of his age, having been forty-eight years fellow of this
college. He lies buried in the college chapel.
Edward Drope,  . Fellowship.
He was son to Mr. Thomas Drope, vicar of Cunmore in
Berks.; became a noted preacher, and, for his services in that
way before the king and parliament at Oxford in the time
pf the rebellion, had his degree of D> D. conferred , upon
him on June 7, 1661. He was one of the twelve fellows
L 4 who

168 MAGDALEN. COLLEGE,
who were turned out of this college May 26,; 1648,; and, to*
gether with Mr. Foreman, was expelled the university also;
the 29th of June following. He returned to. the college in
1660, was re-instated, and died there in 1683, being then;
about 84; years of age.
John Drope,  . Fellowship.
He was younger brother to Mr. Edward Drope, last men
tioned; became demy of this college in 1642, bore arms for
his majesty, succeeded iri a fellowship in 1647, and in the,
year following was ejeCted by the visitors. Afterwards, he
became master of the free-school at Dorchester in Oxford
shire ; but continued not very long there. Oh his majesty's
return, he was restored to, the college, was created A. M.
betook himself to the faculty of physic, and practised at
Burrough in Lincolnshire, where he died in 1670.
He wrote —
l. An Hymenxan Essay, or an Epithalamy. upon- the Royal
Matc^ of Charles II. and Katharine Infanta of Portugal, 1.662,
one sheet 4 to.''
-' '23: A Poem upon the most Hopeful and Flourishing Sprouts of
Valour, the indefatigable Centrys of the Physic Garden of Oxon,
l66V ... ., ,
3.. Poems on several occasions.
John Taylor,  . Fellowship.
' After his ejeCtion, he became chaplain to Lord Wenmart i
and1,1 living to be restored, was, as it seenis, chosen president.
What prevented his being aCtually possessed of the head-
Ship, is1 not known. This only is certain, that Dr. Thomas
Pierce then -succeeded in it. After this; Mr. Taylor became
chaplain to the Lord Southampton, at that tkne Lord High
Treasurer of England ; who promoted him to the reCtory
fifSti' Andrew's'* Holborn, in possession of which he died
in'16%5.
J0t.\ loTabsas'j. ' • n
1 homas Pierce,  . Fellowship.
He was bpr-n at Devizes in Wiltshire, became demy of
this colleee in 1639. and at length, fellow. In 1648j he
was
¦ * NW. Rep.'Eccles. vol. I. p. ifa, -who there spells his name Tayleur,
-and-,, from what followeth, -he must have, died in 1664, the same year
*tot:ihS>lwi/)b£en admitted tq, th,e, living oi" St. .Andrew^ Holborn, being
T 11/

IN THE UNIVERSITY, OFv OXFORD. 169.1
was eje&edsby the visitors ; but afterwards obtained the rec
tory: of Brington in Northamptonshire, which he was per*
mitted 'to enjoy during the usurpation. On the death of
Dr. Oliver, in 1661, he became president of this college, and
had before that time obtained a prebend both in the church*
of Canterbury and Lincoln. In the year 167.1, he resigned
this headship ; and having been promoted to the deanry of
Salisbury, died possessed of 'that dignity in 1691. Hewas
a very learned man, an excellent preacher, and always a!
most strenuous advocate for the church of England. He
gave 701. to St. Paul's. , ~s
Henry Yerbury,  . Fellowship. , -.,
He was turned out by the "visitors in 1648; after which
he travelled, and became M. D. in the university of Padua.
In 1660, he was restored to his fellowship by his majesty'i
commissioners, and died at the college in 1686.
Thomas Clutterbuck,  . Fellowship.
He survived the restoration many years, became D. D.
reCtor and vicar of South-Stoneham Jui Hampshire^ and ih
1684 archdeacon of Winchester.
Anthony [or Arthur] Chibnal,B. D. Fellowship. l
He was, at the time ofthe visitation, bursar of the college,
from which office the chancellor and visitors had suspended
him; but he, taking no notice of that, was, on May 12, 1646,
seized and carried before the visitors, for refusing to deliver
up.his books, &c. to the usurping president. At which time
he boldly told them,, that the person whom they had thrust
into the room of Dr. Oliver, was neither duly eleCted nor
sworn, and therefore he peremptorily refused to give up his
books and accounts to him, because it was direCtly contrary
to the statutes of the college. On which they immediately
committed him to prison ; where he continued till OCtober
following, and was then set at liberty, on the tender of 2001.
bail for his appearance, &c.
Edmond Diggle,  . Fellowship.
He had been one of the preachers before his majesty ahd
the parliament at Oxford, after the breaking out of the war ;
and was for that good service presented with, the degree, of
D. D. in 1661. He was then possessed of the golden pre
bend in the church of Litchfield, which was bestowed upon
7 him

170 MAGDALEN COLLEGE*
him by Dr. Frewen, to whom he had been chaplain. After
wards, he obtained the prebend of Husthwait in the church of
York; and in 1663, one of the archdeaconries of that
church. He was also reCtor of Slimbridge in Gloucester
shire, and died at that living in 1688. He gave 601, to the
re-building of St. Paul's cathedral.
Nathaniel Chyles, Hugh Holden,  Exton,
 Cox,  Jones, Edward Rogers, Frewen
, -Langton,  Clitherow,  Basket, 
Brice,  Jennings. Fellowship.
These' last eleven fellows were all restored in 1660.
Francis Drope, A. B. Demy's Place.
He was born at Cunmore in Berks, being younger brother*
to the two Dropes before mentioned ; was made demy of
this house in 1645, and ejeCted by the visitors in 1648.
After which he became usher to a private school at Twick
enham, until the restoration ; and at that time was re-in
stated in the college, created A. M. afterwards became B. D.
as also prebendary of Lincoln, and died ih 1671. There is
a small piece of his, concerning fruit-trees, extant.
John Nourse, A. B. Demy's Place.
¦ He was restored in 1660. One Of both his names, a doc
tor of laws of this college, took up arms for his majesty,
commanded a troop of dragoons, (composed mostly of scho
lars^ of this university,) and was killed at Edge-hill fight.
His goods at his chamber in Oxford had been plundered. '
The following Demies were also ejeCted, and lived to be
restored in 1660 :
¦Andrew Searle, A. M. Walter Stonehouse, A. B.
William Bayley, A..B. Thomas Wilcox, 
Alexander,  White.
The following persons were also ejeCted, of whom the
five first were fellows, and the remainder it is supposed
were demies :
Lancelot Law,  Serie,  ,— Nicholson,
 Northington, :  Horne*, John Drake,
¦  Clay,  'Sympson, ¦  Dureton,

• * Wa&.this person an ancestor of the 'late exceUent Bishop. Horne, the ve^
Btrable president of this college ?

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF O&FORD. 171
— Oates,  Flood, John Dale senior,
— Webb,  Palmer,  ' — • Pennington,
— ¦ Eman, — ¦ — •- Wake.

There was one William Joyner, A. M. fellow of this col
lege, who, upon a foresight of the utter ruin of the church
of England by thc presbyterians, in the time of the rebellion,
changed, his religion for that of Rome, and renounced his
fellowship. In 1687 he was restored by king James, was
turned out again the year following, and was living in 1690,
in Bucks. Wood Ath. vol, ii. p. 717. ,
Joshua Childrey,  . Clerk's Place.
He was a native of Rochester, and became clerk of this
iiouse 'about the year 1 640. Upon the breaking out of the
febqllion^e left the university ; but after the surrender of
the garrison to the parliament, he returned again to the col
lege, where he was not permitted to tarry long, being ex
pelled by the visitors in 1648. After which he kept a school
{nqt without some disturbance from the godly party )i at -jFe-
versham in Kent, until the restoration. Upon which he
became D. D- chaplain to the Lord Herbert, reCtor of Up-
way in Dorsetshire, archdeacon of Salisbury, prebendary of
Yetminster Prima in the same churcli; and died in the year
1670. He was, saith Wood, a learned and religious divine,
a good astrologer, and. a great virtuoso; as -appears- by his
correspondence with the royal society, and the things which
•he published, besides what he left behind him in manu
script.  Harris,  . Fellowship. . ,
This last was at that time bursar.
Edward Rogers, Thomas Wickham, Richard
Croshall,  Knuwl&s, John Baker, Ralph
Dean, William Webbep., Richard Fletcher,
William Owen,  Broughton, John Caupen-
DER, Demy's Place. Lodowick Mason, Demy's Place.
William Collis, Demy's Place.  Coppinger,
Demy's Place.  Bowles, Demy's Place. Edward
Phillips, A. B. Clerk's Place.
This last he had borne arms for his majesty.
Richard Bartlet,  . Clerk's Place.
Dr. Walker supposes that none of these eighteen did af
terwards submit and continue in their places. '¦•¦¦•'
8 In

172 MAGDALFN COLLEGE,
In the register of the visitors, as also in Oxon. Lachryma,
there is mention of one Mr. Duncombe, who in both places
is said to be steward. But Wood says, that he was one of
the bursars of the college, and, therefore perhaps he was
one of the fellows. He was also imprisoned by the visitors,
(together with Mr. John Dale senior, before mentioned,).
for refusing to deliver up the college rents to those plunder
ers ; which seems likewise to render it probable, that he was
one of those who persisted in their fidelity, . and sq perhaps
never sought, or, if he did, might not find their favour after
wards. And if these conjectures are right, he must be added
to the list of this college, as an ejeCted fellow.
No less than sixty of this college, at three differeijt times,
refused submission to the visitation. Accordingly, May 2.6,
] 648, the visitors expelled twelve of the fellows ; and, QAp.t*
ber 17 following, eighteen more ; as also two demies. And,
June 29 the same year, they had expelled nineteen of this
college from the university. But possibly that might be,in-
clusive of the twelve whom they had expelled on the 26fh
of May. It must also be observed, that when the visitors
came to this college, April 13, 1648, only one person of all
the society who had been summoned, appeared before them;
and that by far the greatest part of the fellows were wholly
dispossessed. But the elections made by the visitors did not
come any thing near the number expelled by them from this
house : for it doth not appear by their register, that, at the
end of 1649, they had eleCted more than two fellows, nine
teen demies, one clerk, and six choristers ; whereas no Jess
than seventeen of the expelled fellows, and eight demies,
lived to be restored in 1660.

MERTON

IN THE- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. *?*

MERTON COLLEGE.
William Harvey, M. D. ' Wardenship. „,Q
He succeeded Si* Nathaniel Byent in the year 1645 ; but
there seem to lie two objections against his being allowed of
as the ejeCted warden : the one concerns his election, and
the other his dismission frqmjit. As to the former, the ques
tion is, whether Sir Nathaniel Brent was lqgally dispossessed**
Wood says that he was ejeCted by his majesty's command ;
by which, if he means that his majesty commanded the fel- j
lows, or rightful visitor, or both, to turn him out ; and if
the statutes of the house admitted of such a proceeding, then
there can be no longer any question made as to that point.
But not "beingcertain of this, I must leave it as a quaere. The
other doubt is much more easily got over : for though, Wood
says, he left the headship, yet there can be no question
but that he did so ; because he was sure that the par-;
lianient (to whom the garrison of Oxford- had been then
surrendered,) would certainly re-instate the old warden ;
and therefore Lloyd makes no scruple of -saying that' he:
was turned out of the wardenship. .But,, upon the. whole, if
we should go to the equity of the matter, Sir Nathaniel
Brent had not only, forfeited his headship, but his head too,
before he was thus dispossessed; having not onlylbesaifb
frequent witness against archbishop Laud, but $:|]§)$il<$li©:
covenant, deserted his' college, and joined with ,-the,$&£J&}B9'
faCtion. '¦-,,. . .aainavae msi
Dr. Harvey was born at Folkstone in Kent, educated in
Caius-college in Cambridge, had in his younger years tra
velled into France and Italy, made a considerable stay at
Padua, and became M. D. in that university. Afterwards
returning into England, he practised his faculty at London,
became physician in ordinary successively to their majesties
King James and King Charles I. fellow of the college of
physicians, professor of anatomy and chirurgery, and about
fhe year 1615 discovered the circulation of the blood.
Upon the breaking out of the rebellion, he adhered faith
fully to his royal master, (for which he suffered, says Lloyd,
20001. loss,) attended him at the battle of Edge-hill, and
thence to Oxford ; where, as asserted before, he was eieCted
warden of this house, by virtue of his majesty's letters to
the spcietyv - , But retiring from thence upon the surrender

J74 MERTON COLLEGE;
ofthe place to the parliament, he returned to London ; and,
in 1654, was chosen presid^it of the college of physicians ;
which honour, however, he refused to accept. He died
in 1657, at tlie advanced age of eighty. His papers were
plundered some time in the rebellion ; nor is It a contempti
ble remark which Lloyd makes upon the occasion, that, "con
sidering the great depth of his knowledge in physic, the bar
barous ravagers did thereby in a manner destroy even, those
who were yet unborn. At tlie time of his death he was a
great benefaCtor to the college of physicians, where his sta,-
tue is deservedly set up, with an inscription suitable to his
great merit.
" Several monuments of his learning, which havie been,
and are received into the hands of all curious men, as well
abroad as at home, are extant, as the Oxford or Bodleian
catalogues will partly tell you ; besides his " New Principles
of Philosophy, containing Philosophy in general, &c-" hut
more in MS. he hath left behind him, the titles of which, you
may see in the Epist. Dedicat. before " An Historical Ac
count of the College's (Coll. of Phys.) Proceedings against
Empyricks. Lond. 1684. 4to. ; and written by C. Goodall,
M. D." Wood.
Peter Turner, M. D. Fellowship, and Savilian-
Professorship qf Geometry.
He was born in the city of London, where his father prac
tised physic, of \yhich faculty he was a doctor. He became
|ellow of this college in the year 1607. In 1630, he suc
ceeded Henry Briggs in the Savilian professorship of geo
metry, having, before that time, been professor of the same
science in Gresham college. In 1636, he was. created M.D. ;
and, upon the breaking out of the rebellion, was one of .the
first scholars that went and served his majesty as a volunteer,
which he did under the command of Sir John Byron ; and
being taken prisbner, was cast into Northampton jail, and all
his goods in Oxford were in the mean time plifridered. Iq
1648, he was not only expelled tlie college, -but the univer
sity likewise, by the visitors; which last part of his sentence
was passed upon him ^November the 9th of that year 5 !and,
in a word, being- in a manner undone. by the severities of
that, visitation, he retired to the house of his sister, the
widow; pf a brewer in -London, whose .affairs "he managed
during the short remainder of his life, which in a manner
occasioned his persecution even bpyoodthe grave ; for those who

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 175
who had before taken away his livelihood, endeavoured ako
to destroy his reputation, and gave out that he died no bet
ter than a brewer's clerk. " He was a most exaCt Latinist
and Grecian, was well skilled in the Hebrew and Arabic,
was a complete mathematician, excellently well-read in
the fathers and councils, a most curious critic, and
politician. He was much beloved by archbishop Laud,
and so highly valued by him that he would have pro
cured him to' be one of the secretaries of state, or clerks
of the privy council ; but he preferring a college, and
a studious life, and having an eye to the wardenship,
refused these and other honourable places." Such was
the" person whom those contemptible and mean-spirited
men first turned out to starve^ and then insulted for his po
verty; having just sense and learning enough to know, that
his greatness would be a continual reproach and scandal to
their ignorance, should they suffer him to continue amongst
them. His death happened in the latter end of 1650, about
the 66th year of his age.
He wrote many admirable things ; but being too curious
and critical, he could never finish them according to his
mind, and therefore cancelled them. He made likewise se
veral translations from Greek and Latin, particularly some
of the Epistles from an old authentic MS. of Isidorus Pelu-
siota, which were found after his death. He hath extant, in
several books, " Epistolae varise ad doCtissimos viros.'? He
had also a hand in framing the university statutes now in
use, and was the sole person that made them run in gOod,
Latin, and put the Preface to them. He made the Caroline
Cyclae for the eleCtion of proCtors, beginning in 1629 and
ending in 1720, and did many other matters for the benefit
of learning and this university. Wood.
John Greaves, A. M. Fellowship, Savilian-Professorship *
ef Astronomy in this University, and Superior Rqgder's Place
of Linacris Lecture in this College. v ,
He was born at Golmore in Hampshire, -of which parish
his father was reCtor. He was elected fellow of this college
in 1624; where, by the acquaintance of Dr. Turner, last
mentioned, he was not only much advanced in critical learn
ing, but introduced to the knowledge of archbishop Laud,
who, in 1633, sent him, to travel into the eastern parts of
the
* Which he kept in commendam with his FeHbwship.

176 MERTON COLLEGE,
the world, in order to make a collection of books in those*
languages. He went twice to Grand Cairo from Alexandria;
and from thence into the desarts ; and for the greater so
lemnity to view them, he carried with him a radius of ten
feet, most accurately divided, besides some other instruments
for the further discovery of truth. While he was there, he
made the measure of the foot, observed by all nations, in one
of the rooms under the Pyramids, with his name under it,
which has been noted by several travellers. Wood.
In 1640 he returned to England, having performed what
he was sent for, to the great satisfaction of his patron. Some
few years after, upon the death of Dr. Bainbridge, he was
promoted to the professorship of astronomy, in which he
acquired lasting honour and reputation; but upon the coming
on of the visitation, the ravagers employed in it, who had no
regard to learning, nor any thing that was commendable,
dispossessed him ofthe above-named preferments, and withal,
November 9, 1648, expelled him the university. The crimes
then alleged against him were, that he had discovered 4001.
of the college treasure, which was taken and sent, to his
majesty ; that, contrary to his oath, he had gratified Cour
tiers with the college goods ; that he had feasted" the queen's
confessors, made presents to them, was more familiar with
thein than trtie protestants used to be, and had permitted!
some of them to come and study in the library ; that he had
been die occasion of turning Sir Nath. Brent out of his war-'
denship, and Mr. Corbet and Mr. Button out of their offices
and chambers, because they abode in the parliament quar
ters. He died in 1652, at London, whither he had
retired after his ejection. Hewas a person in high esteem,
and much respected by learned men, particularly by Selden,
who, had he lived longer, would have taken care to support
him. Works. — 1 . Pyraroidographii ; or, a Description of the Py
ramids in Egypt. Lond. 1646. Svo.
2. A Discourse of 'the Roman Foot, and Denarius; from
whence, as from two principks, the measures and weights used by
the antients may be deduced. Lond. 1 647. 8vo.
3. Demonstratio ortus Syrii heliaci, pro parallelo Inferioris
./Egypti. Oxon. 1648. 4to. Published with Dr. Bainbridge's
Cad'icularia. . ,
4. Elementa Lingua; Persies. Lond. -1649. 4to. With which
he ;^«ihlished A-nonymns Persa de Sigli's Arabum. et Persarum
Astronumicii, 5. An

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 177
5.. An Account ofthe Latitude of Constantinople and Rhodes.
DireCted to Abp. Usher, in the Philosophical Transactions,
No. 178. Dec. 1685.
6. Epochae celebriores, Astronomis, Historicis, Chronologiis,
Chaitaiorum, Syro-Graecorum, Arabum, Persarum, Chorasmiorum
usitate, ex traditione Ulugh Beigh ; together with the Geographi
cal Tables of Abul Feda. Arabic and Lat. Both which pieces he
illustrated with his learned notes. — In like manner he set forth
" Astronomica Shah Cholgii Persse," together with the "Hypo
theses of- the Planets;" to which he likewise subjoined the Geo- '
gnrphical Tables of Nasir Eddinus the Persian, and of Ulugh
Beigh. He also left behind him; at his death, " Lemmata Archi-
medis apud Graecos et Latinos, I vetusto codice MS. Arabic© tra-
ducta, cum Arabum Scholiis.
Henry Jacob, A. M. Fdlozoship, and Superior Beadle's
Place of Divinity.
He was the son of Henry Jacob, a learned puritan, who
was beneficed somewhere in Kent. He was sent abroad in
his younger, years to be educated in his father's principles ;
where it was his good fortune to fall into the hands of the
famous Erpenius, who, in a short time, so improved his na
tural genius, that he became the prodigy of his age for philo
logical and oriental learning. After this, returning into.Eng-
land, he was recommended to the generous count William .
earl of Pembroke, at that time chancellor of this univer
sity, who patronized him, and got him created A. B. In his
letters, for this purpose, he acquaints the university, that
Mr. Jacob had profited in the oriental languages heyond;the
common sort of students, and beyond the ordinary measures of
his age. After this he became known to Selden, Briggs,iand
Turner, who had him eleCted to this fellowship ; but not hav
ing logic and philosophy enough to go through the severe
exercises of this college, when that great patron of learned
men, Dr. Laud, became chancellor of the university, an ob
solete statute of the college was revived, to make him reader
of philology to the juniors of the house, and thereupon he
was settled and made complete fellow. After this he became
assistant to the great Selden in some things which he pub
lished, and taught, or at least improved him in the Hebrew
torigiier In the beginning of the tumults, Sir Nath. Brent,
the warden, gave him some trouble, on account of his patron
archbishop Laud. In 1641 he was elefted to the headless
place ; from which he was once or twice suspended for hi*
negligence, his head being wholly turned upon matters of
Vol, I. M learning

178 MERTON COLLEGE,
learning and criticism, and not at all on business. In 1646
he was wholly deprived of both his fellowship and office ;
at which time he retired to London, where, being destitute
of a maintenance, he was in a great measure supported by
Selden, whdse old clothes (and particularly, as it seems, an
old scarlet cloak,)' Mr. Jacob used to wear '; on which account
his friends used jocosely to call him young Selden. But being
,-,a mere scholar, and consequently a kind of helpless person,
he had not the wit to manage the benefactions of his friends
in Such a manner as to make them a complete maintenance
for him ; but was forced to sell a small parcel of land which
he had in Kent, to supply his necessities. And it pleased
God to take him away before the whole produce of that was
spent. He died at Canterbury in 1652. Hewas, it seems,
a person, altogether as harmless and innocent as he was devoid
of care and helpless.
Works. — i. Oratio inauguralis, sub aditu prale&ionis Philolo-
gicae publice habita apud Collegium Oxonio Merton. 1636.
2. Graca et Latina Poemata.
3. Description of Oakey -hole, near Wells. 1632. Inverse.
4. Annotationes in earn partem Orationis inaug. in qua (viz.
p. 6) dicitur, Oratione soluta scripsit Aristasus Proconnesius,
4to. All these were published at Oxford in ifi52.
5. Etymotechnia Catholica ; containing four diatribes concern
ing the Original of Letters : l.De ordine; 2. De transitu Alpha-
beti. 3. De numero, figura, potestate et divisione literarum ; and
the 4th called Geogfaphistor Etymotechnicus.
6. Grammatica Ebraea. The first of its kind.
7. 2Bfi, vel Osiris inventus ; de Coptiacis originibus commen-
tatio. 8. Geographumena ; in which many Assyriac and Egyptian
antiquities are discovered.
9. Pancarpia, opus ex artibus et linguis miscellan.
10. Magnetologia, in lib. 3, agentibus de triplici motu Mag-
netico Lapidali, Celesti et Animali, &c.
As a curious anecdote is related by Wood respe&ing the next
work to be mentioned, we shall relate it in his own words : " Our
author Jacob being ejedted in 1648 from Merton College, and so
consequently from his chamber, wherein he had left a trunk full of
books, as well written as printed, left Oxon. and taking no care,
or appointing any friend for its security, his chamber door, before
an year expired, was broke open for a new comer, who, finding
the trunk there, did let it remain in its place for a time ; at
length, when no man inquired after it, as the then possessor
thereof pretended, he secured it for his own use, broke it open, and

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 179
and therein discovered a choice treasure of books. One of them
being a MS. and fit for the press, he disguised and altered it wjth
another style ; and at length, after he had learned Hebrew and
the Oriental languages v to blind the world,.aod had conversed
openly with those, most excellent in them, as Pocock and Eogan,
of C. C. Coll. or any Grecian or Jew that came accidentally to
the university, he published it { under this tide :
1 1 . Dejphi Phoenicizantes ; sive traCfatus, in quo Graecos,
quicquid Delphos celebre erat, &c. e Joshua: Historia, scriptisq.
sacris effluxisse, rationibus haud inconcinnis ostenditur, &c. Oxon.
l6'5 j. 8vo. To which are added, Diatriba de Noe in Italiam ad-
ventu, ejusq. nominibus Ethnicis ; and a little ttaft, De Origine
Druidum, recommended by fbreigners, particularly by Spizeliiis,
in his Book de DoCtrina Senensium.
12. De Mare Rubro ; and another, De Historia Beli et Dra-
conis. 13. Libri Ebraeo Rabbinici in Bib. Bodleiana recensiti. 1629.
" Jacob was such a careless man, that he suffered his friends,"
adds Wood, " to harrow and peruse several of his elucubrations ;
in which taking, great delight,- they did either keep the originals,
or at least tak£ Copies of therm " - rr, ,; *. •
William Berkley,', A»M. Fellowship.
He was of ah ancient family near London, and eleCted
felloW of this house, in the year 1625.'' Tn' 16S0 he travelled,
and atjiis return-was. much valuedfor the knowledge and ex-
^cperience which he had acquired. In .1646 he, was sent to
Virginia, aboutTspme matters of publicJ concern, and two
years after expelled^ by the visitors for his many years ab
sence. In 1660, for his ggod services, ..he .w^s made go
vernor of Virginia, and ha4 been -knighted pp/ne time before.
He continued in that honourable post until the year 1676, at
-Wfeich* time he was recalled, and died. soon after. ., r.
Works.— 1, The, Lost Lady, a Tfag. Com." Lond. l6sg. fol.
- 2., Description of ^jrginia-/r olio.
3. The Laws of Virginia, collected ' out qf the Assembly, of
Records^ &c. „Londi, l§pi. r'oli'o.
— ^— Brent. ^Eelkwsfip.
.. . The reason assignee! by the. Visitor^ fdr-"turning him out,
was scandalous beliayiour. January $2f 1-650, one Mo§ely
was substituted in his rooAi by. those invaders.
1 -.,:•,.•- JoHN>iLp*j Fellowship j
He was ej'e&edMay 2#$«i648 ;' at which time anorder was
issued to turn him but by foixe in case he did not quietly sub-
*lf 6 ' - M2 mit

180 MERTON COLLEGE,
mit to the sentence. On June 29 following they expelled
him the university.  Sayer,  . Fellowship.
The reasons assigned for his expulsion, in the register of
the visitation, are drunkenness, non-submission, and ma
lignancy; which two last will be thought sufficient to ground
a conjecture, that he was never after re-admitted by them.
 Crofts,  . Fellowship.
He is charged with having given the oatjh of secrecy tq
those whovwere in combination against the garrison, and so
probably was not afterwards allowed to make his peace, if
he even endeavoured to do it.
 Domville, —  . Fellowship.
. He was involved in the same sentence with Sir William
Berkley before-mentioned, for many years absence ; and, as
it seems, totally dispossessed as Sir William was.
Francis Broad,  . Fellowship.
Unless he was only post-master.
William Owen,  . Post-master's place.
EjeCted for being eleCted contrary to their orders.
John Gurgamy,  . Chaplainship.
He had been some time a servitor at Christ-church ; after
wards he became chaplain of this college, but, being dispos
sessed by the visitors, suffered during the remainder of the
usurpation in common with other loyalists, and was in pgrt
supported by Edward Bishe, esq. king at arms. In 1660
he was created D. D. for his several laudable sermons
preached before the king and parliament, while Oxford was
a garrison for his majesty. He became also prebendary of
Wintefbourn-Earls in the church of Salisbury, and of
Bracklesham in that of Chichester ; in which last he suc
ceeded his intimate friend Mr. John Gregory, and was ad
mitted to it Sept. 20, 1660. He 'had also the reCtory of
Clapham in Surry, where he died in 1675. He published
the small tracts of his friend Mr. Gregory, and wrote that
short account of his life which is prefixed to them. His
widow was after his death relieved by the corporation for
ministers' .widows.
8 All

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 181
All those before-mentioned are said to have been wholljr
ejeCted. Nicholas Howson, Fellozoship. Robert Bostwick,
 Switser,  Harwood, John Phillips,
John Wright, J. Blanice, Bryan Ambler,

Thornton,  Coles,  Pricket,  My
ers,  Stanes,  Moore, ^  Richmond.
Post-master's place.
How many (or whether any) might after submit, and
make their peace, is uncertain. The last ten post-masters
were voted to be expelled, because they were chosen con
trary to the orders of the parliament.
These following persons also were under sentence of ex
pulsion ; but whether any of them might not be on the
foundation, or whether any of those that were did after
wards submit, we are not informed.
 • Sylvester, Samuel Jones, Thomas James,
Benjamin Cooper, —  Smith.
May 12, 1648, Seventeen of this college refused to own
the visitors authority. There were chosen by the visitors,
from OCt. 3, 1648, to Jan. 22, 1650, thirty-four fellows and
post-masters, which gives some light into the number of
those who were totally ejeCted from this college, and seems
to make it more than the whole of those before-mentioned.

NEW COLLEGE, i . ¦
Henry Stringer, D. D. Wardenship, . Professorship . of
Greek in this University, and Prebend of Fir les in the Church
of Chichester. > , /
He was made Greek-reader in the year 1625, and- ad
vanced to the wardenship on the death of Dr. Pinke, in,
1647; although, the visitors had forbidden the fellows to
proceed to an election, they met notwithstanding,- Nov. 18
of that year, and chose Dr. Stringer* warden : but he was
not permitted to enjoy this great promotion, for, August 1,
1648, the committee for reforming the university voted
him out of his headship, and soon after he was dispossessed
M3 of

182 NEW COLLEGE,
of it bv main force. The 14th of September that same
year, they deprived him of his Greek-leCture, and had some
time before expelled him the university. In the professor
ship they substituted John Harmar. But Dr. Stringer hav
ing some time after, their sentence resigned that i lecture',
(otherwise his majesty would not have nominated a succes
sor,) Dr. Crowther of St. John's obtained his majesty's let
ters for it, -but to no manner of effeCt, until August 1660, at
which time he was, by virtue of them, put in possession of
that professorship. Dr. Stringer had also the reCtory of
Hardwyke in Buckinghamshire : but whether that became
void of course when he was advanced to the wardenship,
or whether he was deprived of that also for his notorious
malignancy,, we know not. If he did not lose it on his
accepting the headship, it seems not improbable that he
might be sequestered from it. Upon his being driven from
the college and the university, he retired to London, and
died there in 1657v
John Lamphire, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in the city of Winchester, educated in
Wykeham's school there, and became fellow of this house
in the year 1630. In 1648 he was ejeCted by the visitors ;
after which he practised physic with good success in and
about Oxford. In 1660 he was restored to his fellowship,
an'd afterwards became successively Camden's professor of
history, M. D. principalof New-Inn and Hart-Halls, and a
justice of peace for the county and city of Oxford. He
died in 1688, in the 73d year, of his age. He was a good,
generous, and fatherly man ; of a public spirit, and free
frptti the Pharisaical leaven, or the modish hypocrisy of the
age he lived in. He published, of other men's works, with
epistles before, corrections ori, and sometimes additions to
them, these following.:
1 . Phrases Elegantiores ex Caesaris Commentariis, &c. and
Diftata. . Both written by Hugh Lloyd.
2. Monarchia Britannica, &c. by T. Master.
3. Rev'. Patris Lane. Andrews Episcopi Winton. preces pri
vate Graec&et Latine. Oxofc. Ji675, ISmo.
4. Oratio coram Reg. ElSzab. Qxonise habita, 1592. by Sir
Henry Savile. X
5 . Questiones Seleftiores in Logica, Ethica, &c.
Henry Bold,  . Fellowship.
He was descended from an ancient family of Lancashire, but

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 183
but was born in Hampshire ; eleCted probationer-fellow of this
college about the year 1645 ; and being ejeCted by the visi
tors in 1648; had not taken any degree. Afterwards he
became a member of the examiner's-office in chancery, and
died in 1683.
He wrote-<—
1. Poems Lyric, Macaronic, Heroic, &c, Lond. 1664, 8vo.
Ampng^ these is Scarronides, or Virgil Travestied -
2. Latin Song's, with the Ertglish, add Poems. Lond. 1685,
8vo. ' «i
'": d" $, '
Thomas Brickenden„  ^ Fellowship.
,.
He was voted out for non-submission, out-lived the usur
pation, became canon-residentiary of Wells, reCtor of Gor
ton in Somersetshire, and died at Laurence Lediard in that
county. William Barker,  . Fellowship.
He had been a preacher before his majesty and the par
liament at Oxford, during the rebellion ; and was for his
service created D. D. in 1661, at which time he was pre
bendary of Canterbury. He was also reCtor of Hardwick
in Buckinghamshire, where he died in 1669.
Richard Holloway,  . Fellowship.
" This," says Dr, Walker, "I take to be the person
who was afterwards of the Inner-Temple ; in 1677 . called to
be Serjeant at law ; in 1683 knighted, and made one of the
justices of the King's-Bench; and in 1688 served with a
quietus from king James, for giving his opinion in favour of
the seven bishops then tried at Westminster. Afterwards,
for some other matters, he was excepted out of the aCt of
indemnity of King William and Queen Mary in 1690."
- — ; — Bew,  . Fellowship.
He was returned by the delegates * for absence, and for
having been in arms, and by tjbe committee: voted to be
expelled for non-submission also., " I have now before
me," adds Dr. Walker, " an original order of the visitors,
dated June 22,. 1649* for putting this vote of the committee
M4 in
>¦ •! < .- -y.-i , .,„¦ . ¦
* Of which 43 were appointed out of the several cpljeges and halls, and
called delegates, assistants to- the visitort.

184 NEW COLLEGE,
in execution on him and, some others of this college ; and
in case they should refuse to obey it, the soldiers of the gar
rison are desired to see it done." , This seems to be William
Bew, who in the year 1666 became D. D. was at that time
vicar of Adderbury in Oxfordshire, and afterwards bishop
of Landaff. . And if so, he had been eleCted proCtor for
this house in 1647, but was put out of that office by the ar
bitrary power Of the visitors. He gave 1001. to St. Paul's
cathedraL Edward Stanley junior,  . Fellowship.
He was returned by the delegates as scandalous, by the
committee voted to be expelled for non-submission, and in
the same order included with Mr. Bew; which being
dated so long after the heat of the visitation, it seems pro
bable they were two of those stubborn people who never
submitted. Robert. Grove,  . Fellowship.
"He was returned as absent, and by the committee voted
out for non-submission. He appears to have been one of
those who never submitted, because 'tis said in his epitaph,
that he was per omnes regni tumultus semper idem. fie. was
born in Wiltshire, descended from a good family of that
county (possibly related to the renowned Colonel Grove,
who was beheaded at Exeter with Penruddock), and died
at.the college in 1663.
John Lucas, Anthony Robinson, J. Gardiner,
J. Beesley, H. Hobe's, Henry Ayleworth, R.
Rowlandson, Thomas Alexander, Ralph Bayn-
ham, J. Dummer, J. Marshall, Thomas Gil-
lingham, Christopher Turpin, Ambrose Blake,
Henry* Complin, Robert Bowman. Fellowship.
John Price,  . Fellowship.
This last gentleman, and Mr. Bowman, when seized by
the soldiers, and carried on the guard, because some of the
juniors of the college had made a bonfire on the 29th of
May, which was the prince's birth- dav.
v., Gilbert Coles, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at Burfield in Berks, educated at Winches
ter school, admitted perpetual fellow of New College, after
he had served two years of probation. In 1637 he took the
degrees

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 185
degrees in arts, and in 1648, or thereabouts, became fellow
of Winchester College. His name was in the visitors' re
gister, among the rest of the fellows of this house who were
expelled. Wood says, that he became fellow of the college
near Winchester, but soon after was ejeCted by the visitors
appointed by parliament ; which must be a mistake, because
it does not appear that the visitors' power reached that col
lege : and Dr. Walker says, that none of the fellow? there
were turned out. One Coles is also recounted in Oxon.
Lachrymse, as ejected from this house , but whether he be
this gentleman, or either of the other two of this sirname,
who will be mentioned in their proper place, is a doubt. Flow-
ever that be, 'tis certain this Mr. Coles was deprived of a fel
lowship, either in this college or that near Winchester, for
some time ; and so Wis in part a sufferer : but he was so
much beloved by the society, that they re-eleCted him.
Hewas some time reCtor of East-Meon in Hampshire,
afterwards of Easton near Winchester, and of Ash in Surry ;
was also doCtor of divinity, and died in 1676.
Gilbert Withers,  . . Fellowship.
He suffered but a very little while : for, September 4,
1649, he was re-admitted by order of the reforming com
mittee. All those before-mentioned (save the two last,) were ut
terly dispossessed ; and the same appears of most of these
which next follow, because, says Walker, the list of this
college, as extracted from the visitors' register of expulsions,
was put into the hands of the reverend warden of this house,
who made several amendments to it, but did not strike out
any of those names;
Henry Beeson,  . Fellowship.
In 1660 he became LL. D. and was at that time chief
master of Winchester-school, He was afterwards preben
dary of Winchester; and in 1679 was eleCted warden of
this college.  -Twisse,  . Fellowship.
He was returned by the delegates assistants as scanda
lous ; and was at last voted out for non-submission One
Robert Twisse, son to Dr. Twisse of Newberry, printed a
Thirtieth of January Sermon, preached in 1 66H ; but whe
ther he was the same person with this Mr. Twisse is a
doubt.

18& NEW COLLEGE,
doubt This Robert Twisse had some time fhe chapel in
Tothil- fields, and continued on it till the time of his death
in 1674.  Vivian . Fellowship.
He was returned as one who had been in arms, a plun
derer, a swearer, and contentious person ; and for these
crimes voted to be expelled. This we take to be Daniel Vi
vian, who in the year 1642 was created LL.D. among a
great many other loyalists : and if so, he was a founder's
kinsman, and died at Farndish, in Bedfordshire, in the year
1670. James Tichbourn senior. Fellowship.
He was returned as having been in arms, and scandalous ;
and was for non-submission voted to be expelled.
J. Geeres,  . Fellowship.
Returned absent, and voted out for non-submission.
 Lydiat junior  „ Fellowship.
He was returned scandalous, and voted out for non-sub
mission. One Richard Lydiat is in the visitors' register ;
but whether this person, or the other Lydiat, who will be
named after, was the person, is uncertain.
Nich. Stanley,  . Fellowship.
He was also voted out by the committee for refusing to
submit. He was son of Dr. Edward Stanley, some time
master of Winchester-school, and prebendary of the cathe
dral church. He was afterwards M. D. of the university
of Leyden ; whither it is probable he repaired, when he
was turned out of this college ; and probably was one of
those who did not afterwards make their peace. In 1660
he was incorporated, in the same degree at this university,
and was afterwards honorary fellow of the college of phy
sicians. George Crack,  . Fellowship.
He also was one of the non-submitters, and received his
sentence from the committee accordingly.
Richard Osgood,  . Fellowship.
He was under the same condemnation, and for the same
supposed crime. Robert

IN THE UNIVERSITY ^ OF. OXFORD. 1 87
Robert Wither,  . Fellowship.
He refused submission also ; and was voted to be ex
pelled for it. J. Coles,  . Fellowship.
His expulsion also was resolved upon for non-submission.
Charles Blunt,  . Fellowship.
His crime and sentence were the same.
Edward Rivers,  . Fellowship.
There was another of this sirname in the college ; and
one of them (but which we cannot tell) was returned by the
delegates for being in arms, scandalous,, and absent ; .and
being deemed a non-submitter, was put under the common
sentence of expulsion.
Thomas Grent,  . Fellowship.
The committee voted his expulsion for non-submission.
One Thomas Grent of this college* was, created M.D. in
this university in 1620: he afterwards became famous for
making artificial baths, and discovering natural ones. Whe
ther be was the same person with this Thomas Grent is un
certain. Robert Matthew,^ — — .. Fellowship.
He was another of those who were under the sentence
for refusing to submit. j
John Hutton, — : — . Fellowship.
He was returned by the delegates as scandalous, and voted
to be expelled among those who refused .submission.^
— :  Jones,'  v Fellowship. L'
He was returned as scandalous ; to which being added,
non-submission, the committee sentencecT him to be ex
pelled. Edward Farmer, — — . Fellowship-.
His crime was non-submission ;-forwhieh>he underwent
the common sentence.

Richard Witt,  . Fellowship.
•Voted out also for non-submitting.

Har-

188 NEW COLLEGE,
 Harris senior,  . Fellowship.
He was returned by the assisting delegates as having
travelled for seven years, and was voted out for non-
submission. •  Harris, medius,  . Fellowship.
The committee voted his expulsion for refusing to submit.
Thomas Harris *,  . Fellowship*
Voted out for the same reason.
 — Sone, .  . Fellowship.
Another of those expelled for non-submission.
John Grent \,  . Fellowship.
His crime was non-submission, and his sentence the com
mon one of expulsion.. John Barton,  . Fellowship.
He was returned scandalous ; and with the twelve fol
lowing fellows voted by the committee and visitors to be ex
pelled ; as appears by the register of the visitation.
Charles Trimnell,  . Fellowship,
Returned dangerous.
Robert Heigham,  . Fellowship.
Returned scandalous.
John Maylard,  . Fellowship.
He was also returned scandalous.
Theodore Gulston,  . Fellowship.
He was returned scandalous also.
 Blincow,  . Fellowship.
Returned in arms, dangerous, and absent.
John Newberry,  . Fellowship.
Returned in arms, and scandalous.
t  — Crake;  . Fellowship.
¦ He was returned scandalous.  WOOLY,
* Different from both the former.
f A different person, we believe, from Grent senior, who will be after
named. \ Unless he be the same with George Crack, before mentioned.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

 Wooly,  . Fellowship.
Returned in arms, and scandalous.
 Love,  . Fellowship.
Returned dangerous and absent, and reported to be
married.  Lydiat senior, — . — . Fellowship.
Returned absent.
Thomas Fouxkes,  . Fellowship.
Returned absent, if we mistake not.
Besides these, the twelve following persons were also
under sentence of expulsion, but who among them were not
of the foundation we cannot distinguish :
*John Warner, James Galley, Richard Cham
berlain, William Coless, f Richard Knowles,
% Thomas Rivers, John Hungerford, John Bay-
ley, Henry Nobles, Francis Bayley, Thomas
Toms, Barth. Finch.
Richard Sherlock, B. D. Chaplainship,
He was born at Oxton in Cheshire ; became first a stu
dent of Magdalen-hall in this university ;" from thence he
removed to Trinity-college, near Dublin, and was beneficed
in Ireland. But upon the breaking out of the rebellion, he
returned to England, and became chaplain to a regiment of
his majesty's forces, which lay in garrison at Nantwich in
Cheshire. After the taking of which place by the parlia
ment forces, he retired to Oxford, preached often before
the court and parliament there, became chaplain to the go
vernor, as also chaplain of this, house, much about the time
that Mr. Gunning and James Barrow were made chaplains :
And in the year 1646, had his bachelor of divinity's
degree bestowed upon him. About 1648, he was turned
out of this college by the visitors ; after which he became
curate at the little vicarage of Casington near Woodstock, 'for
* Unless he be the same with Warrenger the chaplain, to be named after
wards. f Unless he be the same with Knollys, one of the clerks, who will be here
after mentioned.
f See Edward Rivers, before. •'"'

190 NEW COLLEGE,
for the small salary of 161. per ann. (the vicarage itself was
not then worth above 501.) the greater p^rt ' of which he
gave to the poor. In 1652, his patron beirig dispossessed of
the living, he went into Lancashire, and Was chaplain to Sir
Rpbert Bindlosse, .during some part at least of the usurpa
tion. In 1660 he became D» D. of the university of Dub
lin ; was presented about the same time by the earl of
Derby, (to whom hewas .chaplain,) to the rich living of
Winwick in Lancashire. '* At length," says Wood, , " this
most holy, zealous, mortified, and seraphical Dr. Sherlock,
having spent all his time in holy and chastecelibacy, sur
rendered up his pious soul to God in 1689, and was buried
on the 25th of June within the chancel, at the first entrance
into it out of the body of the church at Winwick : at which
time his friend Thomas Crane, M. A. preached his funeral
$ermon, which being extant, you niay see a full account
therein of the great piety, charity, hospitality, strictness of
life, &c. of him the said Dr. Sherlock." Some years before
his death, he caused his grave-stone to be laid in that place
where his body was afterwards buried, and ordered for his
epitaph the following inscription to be engraved upon it :
" Exuviae Richardi Sherlock S. T. D. indignissimi, hujus
ecclesias reCtoris ; obiit 20 die Junii, anno aetatis 76, an.
Dom. 1689. Sal infatuum conculcate." Whereupon a cer
tain person reflecting upon it, and much honouring his pious
memory, subjoined the following words : "En viri sanCtissimi
modestia ! qui epitaphium se indignum inscribi volebat ;
cum vita et merita ejus laudes omrtes longe superarent."
¦I. The Quakers' wild Questions objected against the Ministers
of the Gospel, and briefly answered. London, 1654, 8vo.
]656, 4to.
2. A Discourse of the Holy Spirit, his workings and impres
sions on the Souls of Men.
< 3.  1  of Divine Revelation, mediate or immediate.
4(. ., ,  of Error, Heresy, and Schism.. These three
last are printed wirh " The Quakers' Wild Questions," &c. .
5. The Principles of Holy Christian Religion, or the Cate
chism of the Church of England paraphrased, &c. London, 1656,
8vo. The 13th Edition came out in 1677.
6. Sermon preached at a Visitation held at Warrington, inLan-
cashire, on the 1 lth of May l<)6g, from ACts 20, v. 28.
¦7. Mercurius Chrisrhmus. The Practical Christian ; a treatise
explaining the duty of self-examination, &c. London, 1673, 8yo.
8. Confessions, Meditations, and Prayers, in order to the re
ceiving

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 191
ceiving of the Holy Communion of the Body and Blood of Christ.
Printed with Merc. Christ.
9. The Practical Christian, or Devout Penitent, in four parts.
1. Of Self-examination, Confession of Sins, &c. 2. Ofthe Com
munion of the Holy Body and- Blood of Christ. S. Ofthe Hour
of Prayer and occasional Meditation. 4. Ofthe four last things,
Death, Judgement, Hell, and Heaven. London, 1676-7, &c.
IO. The second part of the Practical Christian, consisting of
Meditations and Psalms, illustrated with notes, or paraphrased ;
relating to the Hours of Prayer; 1 675, Svo.
' 1 1. Several short but seasonable Discourses, touching Common
and Private Prayer, relating to the Public Offices of the Chnrch, &c.
Oxfin, \fri4, 8vo. This book contains, 1. The Irregularity of a
Private Prayer in a> Public Congregation, which was printed in
¦four»sheets 4 to, in, 1674. 2. Dr. Stuart's Judgement of a Private
Prayer hi public, Src. S.. A Discourse of the Differences between
Long Prayers prohibited, ^nd Continuance in Prayers commanded.
4. Meditations upon our going to Church, with short Directions
for our demeanour in the House oT God. 5. Sermon preached upon
the Xrchbishop of York's provincial Visitation at Warrington.
— ¦  Longman,  . Chaplainship.

He was totally dispossessed by. the visitors. One James
Longman of this college became Di D. in 1666, and was at
that time reCtor of Aynhoe in Northamptonshire. Dr. Wal-
,.ker takes jhim to be the same person with this sufferer." ,
— f-. — : Williamson,  . Chaplainship.

He was utterly ejeCted ; and Walker adds, " I take him
to be the person who, in the extraCt which I -have of the
visitors' register, is mis-called Hugh Willis." '
¦  Lydiat,  . Chaplainship.

He was returned as scandalous, and having a college-
living; and not only voted out by the committee, but was
also aCtually dispossessed.
 Read,  . Chaplainship. '

He also was returned, by the delegates, as scandalous; but
not dispossessed till about the middle of 1649 :> at which
time he was included in the same order with Mr. Bew, and
Mt. Edward Stanley before mentioned ; and therefore wholly
turned but of the college. ¦ > • • Jeremy

132 NEW COLLEGE,
Jeremy Ockley,  . Chaplainship.
He was returned scandalous, ,and involved in the same
order with Mr. Read.
 Warriner,  . Chaplainship.
Returned . scandalous also ; and included in the same
order of June 22, 1649 ; and so "we look upon him as ut
terly turned out."
 Pink,  . ' Chaplainship.
He was returned scandalous ; and his name is in the visi
tors' register, among those who were expelled by them ; but
he was not aCtually dispossessed at the beginning, when
some of the other chaplains were. Whether they turned
him out afterwards, or not, is uncertain.
 Bettam,  . Chaplainship.
He was returned absent, but not turned out in the heat
of the visitation ; nor do we know whether he afterwards
submitted, or was at last dispossessed.
 Colfman,  . Chaplainship.
He was returned scandalous, but whether turned out or
not is uncertain.
The names of Clun, Knollys, and Power, were likewise
returned by the delegates ; and they are styled clerks.
The former of them was returned as scandalous, the last
as absent, and the other as scandalous : but that word
is afterwards blotted out. The first of these in the register
of the visitors is called Sexton ; by wliich one would be
apt to believe, that these were only some of the college ser
vants ; and if so, they belong not to this list.
 Grebby,  . Chaplainship.

His name also was returned, but nothing subjoined to it:
It was also found in the visitors' register. He was not at
first dispossessed, if he was afterwards.
Pewd, Kenner, Hall, Stephens, Stubs, Finch,
Spencer, Mailard, Dewy, Whitfield, Wansall,
Spooner.These last twelve were choristers, and all of them ejeCted ;
we believe that they are bred to learning in this college, and are

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 1 93
are somewhat in tfie nature of foundation-men ; if they are
not, no place must be allowed them in this list. ,
May 8, 1648, fifty-two- of this college disowned the visi
tation. And by April 22, 1650, the visitors themselves had
chosen fifty-four fellows and eight chaplains. Which may
serve to give some light into the number of those whom
they had ejeCted.

ORIEL COLLEGE.
John Saunders, M. D. Provostship.
He was promoted to this situation in 1644. In Novem
ber 1647, he was summoned before the Reforming Com
mittee at London ; and in May following, he appeared be
fore the visitors, whose authority he then refused to .ac
knowledge. After this he Withdrew from the University
for some time ; but as there was no Provost appointed at
the time of his death, which happened in 1652, and as
Wood does not mention his ejeCtion, it seems probable that
he made his submission andretained his place.
John Horn, B.D. Fellowship.-
He died before the restoration.
John Duncombe,  Fellowship.
He was restored in 1660, " but (says Dr. Walker in his
usual strange way) contended with the right of a fellow,
the profits going to the junior of the society till the next
place should fall."
Humphry Lloyd, A. M. FeUowship. .Also Preben
dary of Ampleford in, the Cathedral of York, and
Vicar of Ruabon in Denbighshire.
Though Wood does not mention his ejeCtion, he yet re
lates that Mr. Lloyd was imprisoned in 1642, at Oxford, by
Lord Say, for saying " He would rather give the King a
thousand pounds, than lend the Parliament a penny" so that the
expulsion of the honest Welchman, after such a deciara*
tion, can hardly be doubted.
He was the son of Dr. Richard Lloyd, vicar bf Ruaboh,
and was born in Merionethshire. He entered first of Oriel
Vol. I. N College,

, 194 ORIEL COLLEGE, ;
College, from whence he was eleCted to a scholarship in
that of Jesus, and some time after tp a fellowship in the
former college, where he becairie a noted tutor, and, whilst
the king was at Oxford, became known to his countryman,
archbishop Williams, Who made him his chaplain, and pre-
beridary-'ISf Yb¥fe.,:liSQ#)& time during the rebellion, his
1 father idied; Wheri life' ¦ feueceeded '¦ him in the vicarage, but
'sbon 4fter lost both that and his prebend for his staunch
-^etyalfy. After the -restoration he recovered his preferments,
¦'&i!id !4>ecame successively canon of St. Asaph, D- D. dean of
^tPAsaph, vicar of Gresford ; had likewise some time the
^rieftfee'tef Northope in Flintshire, and was at last raised to
the bishopric of Bangor in 1673. He was a considerable
benefaCtor ta.tiigk ;v\see,„ and p^rpcured several things to be
annexed to it, as well for the increase of its revenues, as
Mr^WWppott'^f the cathdS?^ M ^"of^Mrhkinent,
^fte%ed'itff<&g:[xI c;ja aioiicr. jifj, JfirjJ
Henry Chamberlain^—, — -r- Fellowships
loqiie'tein!sjyj3d>-thel*iB«rpatton, arid was restored in 1660.
pWl'F^OucH, — - Fellowship.
He was als,@jjgs^)red in 1,660, but resigned his fellowship
.soon after, [lob" ' , Uri e. ". / . ~\-u
ijoTherq we^also expelled Jo'.n R^psg, the head librarian,
Nicholas Brooks, Robert Say, (who in 1652 was eleCted
provost) Richard Saunders, William W.ashbourn, Sparing-
ton Sheldo^i} -2nd Arthur Acland, all fellows, but who af-
tterwards thade theirjp.eace..with;.ths visitors and returned to
; their, fellowships^,.
i The successors whi^iEf^y1tfiriiSi;?iintflitfe[!cqll«gS-rin the
room of ith©se who were.whoilylj dispossessed werenjiiosfc of
them only bachelors o( -arts, Jtwo of whom, though they
.knew1, nothing of the."cblle^fe'a®iirs, were commissioned to
Jr&eW the ccdfege^&nts. AfUlihe^'ihaae a third dean,
^icfnTvice^rfiVosfj^p/l^/1

PEMBROKE

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. ' 195

PEMBROKE COLLEGE,
Henry Wjghtwick,3^^ Masfe^^.^^
fr! He :was eleCted to- the mastership;', in direct typp^s^jflftfjib
the oi'derof parliament, July 13, iJ647 ; for whiflhjjfjg|fti
he was soon after dispossessed, being the first head- of ^ofipl-
lege that was ejeCted by .the.,, visitors. In August ,l$60
Mr. Wightwick was restored to the government of^jiif^gl-
lege, and in 1664 was i turned ,out aga^n to^ie^hj^eygr,
but for what cause is. unknown* i Sfec^fftiJM S^S^tesfee,
in 1671, John Bo-#l£s, '- -'r— Felloivshipi
tils name doth not occur in the visitors register, but
the Oxon. Lachrym. is express as to his ejeCtion. -It ap
pears by Wood, (Antiq. 1. 1. p. 408,) that the visitors" sus
pended him, May 26T1648. r'
-The following names lake appear on the registestof a^ipul'-
sion, but it is uncertain whether they were all of them on the
foundation, Or whether some of them did not afterwards
make their- submission-. '-But, frorri the number of elections
which the visitors had made by the end of 1649/ it is fcbn-
jeCtui-ed that "these Were all fottri&atibn-meh. and Wholly
dispossessed. '
* r.-ssv • ' ' Wightwick, ., ¦ Fellowship.
Unless he-was: the ~s5tfile*£eirs(SS with the ejeCted master,
whom the register might not take any other i -notice oftlian
as feUow ;"Jtl*iSbgh.3iTisaysiDr.- Walker) in- another plate it
¦calls Mm* Mister^le&^^ad -io I guess' hiftt*o4^:dififerenm
jtpji rb y, '^—-.h.FeJ'^ wsh ip. n ,-yyC a R y , yy?,, Pf!

.ihip^ , Wxghthick. „ Daffy. „ . \\ Ight-
wifcK, A.B. — ^- Br ic redden, A.,,43. , -^-r-, Bp~
set, A. B.  Wyatt, A. B.
The last six were scholars, but it is likely that Dr. Walker
has committed a mistake in the article of Wightwick, there
being, according to his list, one fellow and two scholars so
Called, and yet he does not give the christian name of
either. Lte also gives us the bare names of William Cothir, Tho
mas Turner, and  Kingsley, but without any remark.
By. February 11, 1643, says the same author, the visi-
'"-' '---'¦'--'¦¦" N 2 tors

196 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
tors had chosen into this college, at five several elections,
fourteen fellows and scholars: which may serve to give' some
light into the number of those they had ejeCted- from it ;
and seems 'to make it probable, that all of this college who
. appear on the visitors' register, and are before-mentioned,
W6re both on the foundation, and totally dispossessed.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
The provost of this college^ when the visitation came
:ori, was the learned Dr.: Gerard Langbaine, who was not-
dispbssessed. Dr. Walker's account of this college is very meagre, . and
we are sorry our inquiries have not been able to supply the
deficiency. The 'doCtor does indeed say, he was. in
formed that by the favour of Dr. Owen and > Mr. Selden,
there was not one of this college turned out. He then
goes oh to question the truth of this assertion, and ©b-
sCrves, that he c'Ould not find Dr. Owen had befriended any
One but Dr. Thomas Barlow. Without taking notice of Dr.
Owen, who, it must be confessed, was a tolerant man,and.much
'more liberal to the suffering members of the church of Eng
land than the rest of his party, it is not improbable that the
great friendship between Mr; Selden and Dr. Langbaine was
one great means not only of preserving the latter in the
headship, but also- of keeping some of the fellows and scho
lars unmolested in their places. Certain it is, as Dr. Walker
observes, some of this college underwent the common fate
which attended the university ; and upon the authority of
the pamphlet entitled Oxon. Lachrym. he gives the fol
lowing names : John Pierson, Chr. Musgrave, Fran. Gib
bons, James Fayrer, James Buchanan, Nich. Pitt, Thomas
Tarne, Fellows. Gregg, Fletcher, Taberders. Thomas
Brathwayte. " I find," says the doCtor, " besides these, the following
persons under the sentence of expulsion: but who of them
were not under foundation, and who of those which were,
did after submit, I am not informed."
Fran. Young, And. Whilpdale, Hen. Lowcey, Jacob Spen-
tfir; Christ. Harrison, (or Hanson,) Will. Archard, C.
6 Higgs,

IN THE U^VERSITY OF OXFORD. 197
Higgs, Rich. Love, Hugh Meredith, Hen. Huntley, J.
Dobson, John Fisher,  Wakefield, William Brawe.
Randle Sanderson, A. M. Fellowship, f
Though this person occurs in the visitors' register as
having beeri ejeCted, yet Dr. Walker supposes he after
wards submitted himself and was restored. He bscapie fee-
tor of Weyhill in Hampshire, and died in 1680.
Thomas Holyoak, or Holyoke,  Chaplainship.
He was the son of Francis Holyoke, a learned divine and
schoolmaster at Stonythorp in Warwickshire, where he was
born in 1616. After receiving his grammatical education
at the grammar school of Coventry, he was entered a stu
dent of this college in 1632. Having taken, his degrees in
arts, he was made chaplain of the. college ;(j and., when, Qx-
ford became the seat of king Charles I. he obfajned a cap
tain's commission of a. foot company, consisting mosfly of
-scholars. For this he was created D. D. by the royal man
date. After the surrender of the garrison of Oxford, he
;obtained. a licence -from the university to praCtise physick:
whereupon settling in his own country, he exercised that fa
culty! (says Wood): with good success till 1660, when he
was presented to the reCtory of Whhnash near Warwick,
and was made .prebendary of the collegiate church of Wol
verhampton in Staffordshire. In 1674, Robert lord Brook
gave him the donative of Breamour in Hampshire, but he
did not long enjoy it, dying June 10, 1675, He compiled
a large dictionary, in three parts, viz, .- .: ,
l. The English before "the Latin. 2. The Latin before- the
English. 3. The proper names of -persons^ places, and other
"things necessary to the understanding:, of Historians and Poets,
Lond. 1677, folio.
May 11, 1648, no less than thirty-seven of this college
refused to own the visitation ; and the visitors- had by the
middle of 1649 chosen info it eight follows and taberders:
which may be some help to conjecture how many were
wholly ejeCted. Walker:

N!3 TRINITY

{ IftSc;}

TR^FFY COLLEGE.
fi^N^l^AL^OTTER^,!). D. Presidentship,
"(O/fefc^s -tho^jHifttf-ffeMjafd' Potter; Who had been a fd-
-'M^J^fl:,this-eo-llegg,,iahd-was afterwards reCtor of-TCilming-
'iGW, ^'iSorMereefthire. r Dr. Potte- was promoted to -this
JKadMup in 1643;'- When he iW§» vice-chancellor, he was
¦ twice? -suittttfonled "befofte parliamkitV andf in Bee. 1 647, he
3<vfls vOteid ^ift^fothrft 'office byIjtftgvrefoi<ming Committee at
-London;' !Ii^I^b?airyfollow-inrg?4ife^vas' ordered into cra-
*Odir byrthe-s8ffle ?ebimittee, for acting as pro1 vke-chan-
-t&llor td Dr:"FeH, after ^he "latter %ad been deprived of his
'office by tbe viskots1.; "but h'<f absconded and- saved him-
si$f <from prisogf tl&^Mafrch KeMvas again threatened to be
tal^iyinto4iMba^'I*i*fiising -'to-^obfey 'the- -ord«'shof par
liament; andj^jsjj^-j.gjh ff next month, w<as aCtually dis
possessed of tlie1 lijeacjship by the chancellor in person, at-
feifieSP bpthe '' Visiters find a" guard df Soldiers; who' Bfc&ke
open th^ccHlege'1 gifted "With a sledge hammer, ahd3jpW^e
^iMd\pf\v^A.\ist Robert Harris in r?<M=ssidn*PE:
^AiftBlM^ "Dr. Potter was reduced to great necessities,
,-Mfi djfiP*' in a 'most 'woeful mariner, "says Walker, " endure
^eat hardships ; insomuch, that he was forced to accept of
njfc p'obr 'c.ut^cy of Broomfield in Somersetshire, not woffh
above '651. or, Sp?.7a year, (which was obtained for him by
orife' Captain. Coleford,) to earn his bread and keep him from
Starving. Nor was he long permitted to enjoy that poor
pittance : for it being known that he used part of the
chiirch service, the committee presently turned him out
under the pretence of insufficiency. In August 1660 he
was restored to hi^Jieadship ; and died in September 1664." John
* He held Hanwetfwesh"^!^ ferttWiVAn'bo^li' in Oxford
shire, towards 300I. ; Beriton sujd Pete rsfield in Hampshire, not above cool.
or 6oo\. more, besides -As] a'''4ffy, for the"1 iissembly1 -meiiibkrihip, and ids. a
day for apostleship in Giton, But the reader -JNisliiktoow :ihat he lost Han-
wsUjn. i6.43,-jwhen he retired to London, an4 was made one of the assembly
of diVints, arid did not keep all the rest tbgtther, yet -whether he was restored
to Han well when the war ceased in. ^646, V- cannot tell. ' Wood's Athen. II.
227' "^n anonym<ius writer says of him, (speaking ofthe visitors of the
university of Oxford,) « Mr.,HaB-is,-th,e..man who Was famous for sanflifying
the holding six livings at a time, and rendering it no. plurality." The Befor-
matim Reformed, or a short History of tie Neie-fasbitmed Christians, printed by
Johanna Brome, 168c.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 159
John Lydai.i., A. M. Fellowship.
He was expelled b'y the Visitors before the rest of the fel
lows on this occasion : an under graduate pupil of his being
asked " whether he would submit to the 'Visitation1 or not ?"
answered, that " he would with all his heart, providedl^hey
would submit to tlie king." This sharp reply, irritatedjt^se
godly men so much, that they immediately enqpired who
was his tutor, and finding him to be Mr. Lydall, they, iflt-
stantly deprived liim of his fellowship, and expelled him
the university..- However, the latter part of the sentence w^s
afterwards revoked, and h? was 4fowe4,tO. return to.ih'e col
lege and take pupils. Wood says, " ,he was : an ingenious
man, an excellent philosopher, a great tutor, and :ifiight have
honoured the world . with his learning,, .had his life ..heen
kingen spared." j He died Oct. 12, 1657, aged,a,bqu^fiilJ$r
two, and was buried in the chapel belonging. fcOtfhJft fi©U£gB»:r
-ib vc'xjiJifi JOSIas Ho^; B. D- Ffllow^ipi\v^ f^>m^
He was the son of a clergnimlft J^HiMSf^
when the^urt was. at Oxford, h^h^l^^Mj^b^gjjJM
ofthe preachers before : tlfejqng, %(M%iM%f,™&
with: other loyalists, B.^i^4gijbH^an^jW^AtlM!
common calamity which ..,thp. .y^ftym ^fmgb^j upom rthe
university, ml 64 8.4.^ w^s . ratpr^m JML an^d^a
about the end of th/2_^^eentJ^!^^}gy-^,^is^o]J^gg,.n^
having received any ', ^vard ; fpr"h^%yaltyl'I0L[ggvaS j^ke
author, of a sermon preached before king ..^ari^s^t. fbojji
1644,~aod printed as it is said in red lettqrs^ ^fjjjf wrbte a|so
several copies of verses,. " which shew^irp,"rsaySg'^oo,d,
(who^Jioweve^ wa^but. , an mdiffer.enyudjr^j* %$-)?$$
-been a good poet.^j Fasti, vol 11.56. ^mmq y^ T)!,n;I
".*99f --M-A-'fTfitfW'SliiNNEH^B.'-Aj-lZv/fow^;1- • scw
1 He was the son of Dr. Robert Skinner bishop of Oxford,
and was., afjterwardsj created d,oCtor of pliysjc,.^ H j,b.; .,f.; «
J Walter E i f ji-ii &V WiLLfAMptA^Fpsp, ' 'Fellowships:',
-iph -;BnE5.4ED RaN.GEE, A. B. Scholarships^*, :\y :ot v„b
There was a persoh '6f both these last n^mes f eCtp¥ bf'Xiefr
lington in Somersetshire, and probably this was. his son. -ff >*
•i. > , . <sTr ..-,(,.-,.:.¦« .-." .ti.h-.li* <l/i -\'--
gdjvSi&aw 1.. JoH.N-PoWrKALL,.A-. J&rSah&laivbip;; J It fii"r.-vi.:ti,
* " I guess," says. Walker,' "...these", two last were scholars
Only, because of their degree ; though 'th bsfore mentioned
N 4 thev

20(3 TRINITY COLLEGE,
they were utterly turned out." The following persons were
also under sentence wf ejection, but it Js uncertain whether
they were all on the foundation, or whether some of them
did not afterwards submit. ,
John Pate, Scholarship,  Mees, Scholarship, Natha
niel Highmoee, M. B. Scholarship.
This last Was the son of Nathaniel Htghmore, reCtor of Curi-
del-purse in Dorsetshire, and" was born at Fordihgbridge
in Hampshire, eleCted scholar of this house in 1632, took
the degrees in arts, studied' physic, admitted to his "bache
lor's degree in that faculty in 1641, and at the end of the
same year created M. D- Afterwards retiring into the
country, he settled at Sherborne in Dorsetshire, where,
and 'in the neighbourhood, he becatne famous as a physician,
and for his great love to the clergy, from whom he never
took a fee, though much employed by them. He' died in
1684, and was buried in the church of Cundel-purse, near
his father. He wrote. - --.
¦¦¦v. ' - . . . .
1. Corporis Human! Disquisitio Anafomica, ]6il, fol.
?., The History qf. Generation,; with a General Relation of
the Manner of Generation as well in Plants as Animals, 1 6 j l , 8vo.
S. Discourse of the Cureof Wounds by Sympathy, printed with
the last-mentioned book., , ,, ,
4. Dp Hysterica Passione, & de Affectione Hypochondriaca ;
Theses duas ; i860, fiyo.
5. De Hysterica & Hypochondriaca Passione Responsio Epi-
stolaris ad Doctorem Willis, 1670, 4to.
John Douch, A. M.
Hewas a native of Dorsetshire, and published, in 1660, a
Sermon on 1 Sam. x. 24.
Phineas Jackson, Joseph Jackson, Edmund
Young, William Bimar, William Hodges, Wil
liam Thomas. [A person of both these names, and qf this
college, was admittedjinto the congregation and convocation,
December 12, 1644. Wood's Fasti, II. 45.]
Thomas Bryan, Richard Stephens, Henry Jack
son, Samuel Jackson,  Box,  Walker, 
French,  Hawes. The visitors had chosen into this
college, at the end of 1649, six fellows and scholars, and by
the end of the following year six more; which may lead to a
conjecture how many were ejeCted, to make room for the
intruders. UNI-

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 201

;< UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
Thomas Walker, D.D. Mastership, Carton-residentiary,
and Prebend of IliUon in the Cathedral of l¥otyst. » , ( ,;
He was originally of St. John's College, and "lfras eleCted
to this headship August 21, 16£2. In Nqveinber, 1647, hq was
summoned before the parliament for disowning the , avrtbp,-
rity of the visitors,; and ejeCted July 10, 1648.. The sarrje
day Dr- Joshua Hoyle, one of the .assembly divines, was
placed in his room. Dr. Walker, hqw^yer, survived the
usurpation, and. in 1660 recovered the headship of" this col
lege; but it does not appear that he obtainecl any other, re
muneration for his; sufferings. He died in 1665. Lloyd in
his memoirs says, that he was related tp archbishop; Laud,
and was one of his executors. > >
Thomas Radcliffe, A. M. Fellowship.
He was the son of Sir George Radcliffe, and was eleCterl
to this fellowship iri 164-3, ejeCted in 1648, but restored in
1660. During1 part of the usurpation he resided in France.
<yz,. tfyjg *-tz c^tt...*7 u*«Uwi
John Elmhurst, A. M; Fellowship.
Hewas eleCted to this fellowship in 1621, "and," says
Dr. Walker, " having been absent from the college long
before the visitation\ipon a small cure, the visitors were,
it seems, so merciful as to tarry for his submission until
May 29, 1651, at which time they ejeCted him, and gave
his fellowship the same day to William Offley an under
graduate." Abraham Woodhead, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at Albonsbury, or Ambury, in Yorkshire,
and entered a student of this, college in 1624, aged about
16 years. After going through the several classes of logic
and philosophy with very great industry, (says Wood,) he
took the degrees in arts, became fellow in 1633, entered' in
to holy orders, passed a course in divinity, and in 1641 was
eleCted one of the proCtors of the university. On quitting
that office he Went abroad, and settled for a time at Rome,
where he was entertained by George duke of Buckingham,
whom he instructed in the mathematicks, and was much
respdCted by him. During his absence the visitors deprived
him of his fellowship for non-appearance. In 1660 he was
restored

§02 ' X, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,. . /x,
restored by the king's commissioners, and remained in the
college for some tfme ; but, having changed his religion dur
ing his residence at Rome, he got leave bf the master and
society to be absent, as intending again to travel with the
allowance of 201. a year, which, however, was not much to
his credit, for, instead of going abroad, he lived privately at
Hoxton, employing-, himself in educating youth, whose
minds he poisoned with popery, and hi writing books in
defence of that religion. He died there in 1.678, and was
buried at Pancras. His works are numerous ; but as they
are for the most part on the side of the church of Rome, we
shall, not enumerate them. WOi,: i {,;,-,
Henry Watkins, A. M. Fellowship.
He was eleCted fellow of this college August 10, 1633,
was one of those appointed to preach before king Charles I.
whilst that excellent prince resided in this university, for
which he. was offered the degree of B. Dj. which, however,
he did not take. In 1648 he was ti~ned out of his fellow
ship, and was succeeded by Ezrael Tongue, so well known
in the English history as the associate of the infamous Titus
Oates,. in the discovery of the pretended, Popish plot in 167S.
Obadiah Walker, A.M. Fellowship.
He was born at Worpersdale in Yorkshire, and became a
student of this house under Abraham Woodhead in 16S1,
aged 16. In 1635 he was eleCted feliow, and entered into
orders. During the civil war he was one of the standing
extraordinary delegates of this university for public busi
ness, and one Of the preachers before the court at Oxford,
for which service the convocation granted him his- grace for
the degree of B. D. whenever he should think fit to take it.
As he was made fellow, so he was expelled the same day
with Mr. Watkins ; but bis successor, Wmi' Woodward,
A. B. wkS not admitted till July 1 7 of that year. After his
expulsion he went abroad, and resided some time at Rome,
where no doubt the example of his tutor h^dithe effeCt of
bringing him over to popery. However, at the restoration
he contrived fo keep his religious sentiments tb himself,
recovered his fellowship, and in 1665 was chosen master bf
his college. His conduCt after this, in behalf of popery,
and in aiding all the measures of James II. to corrupt the
university, is too notorious for us. to dwell upon. He died
in 1698.' .,.";.
Wil-

IN THMMVERSimOF OXFORD. 203
William Richardson, A. M. Fellowship, m ,-,
He became fellow August 16, 1641.. When the Oxford
visitation came on, he had been a long time absent on a
small cure, and'*£o was ndt dispossessed of his fellowship
-until the same day that Mr. Elmhurst, before menjioned1,
ivas, their cases being similar. The reason alleged for tur*i-i
ing him out was, his refusing the ehgageiMnt.}"1^
The seventh fellow'was Richardson, B:. D. ' he had for
merly been fellow of this house, became provost of Trinity
College, Dublin, and retiring to Oxford upon the breaking
out of the Irish rebellion, 'was, September 23, 1644, re
elected fellow by this society formis subsistence. *' In re-
quital for this generous,. a§t pf^thje. college, he .afterwards
deserted-.them, apd was the only fellow, of this house who
Submitted to tl ' ¦ '"' *^»i ¦ y-ih zc^> ? -
I galiBfL " X?p tq oi '.^triioq -3?r»j'f losar. -zs-n
io! ,yfi?THOMAS Sylvester, A. B. Scholar-ship. i i?(uiw
He had one of the Leicester scholarships, was eleCted to
it July 15, 1643, and ejeCted May 16, 1647. ^ ' ;'° ' bl° ' '1
y'i ^ '"an , - .-w b ,B aid-
- nmT ?. )•- .f Thomas Da le, — *— . t Scholarship. 3 ^ r.;
He waV of considerable standing, having been matriiaQ1
latedin 1630, and ejeCted in 1648. -»r „.,„;; rt*
~a ro5d lR-ICHAED GoiiPV^E.LL..,, Scholarship. g£W 3H
He was matriciiKted in 1640, and ejeCted the same day
with' Mr. Dale. .--hoW-a f» Xj ?..,77 .,, - >¦¦ nl 91 i> x
an " t, ir ,.u „ 34 ,„ , y{ ,.a-,3b-jo
,,,) Wii4,iam Banks, A. M. Scholarship. [fa.K
He was eleCted into it March 26, 1640. The day of his
ejeCtion- doth not appear ; but one Peter Adams, ah u'nder-t
graduate, wasihnist into his scholarship Jan. 15, 164S1- 3r(t
v-"" amf John Doughty, A M. Scholarship/™ *d eA
Hewas ejeCted September 30; 1639, and ejeC^edrQCtp(be^
22, 16,48. 3mli 3moa fvxizai has: Jbtecrii. inr/r sri noieluqw
3 -^ Richard H#\vson. Scholar shins on oisriw
-^jHe,W|as elected April 17, 1644, and-turried outJpCh 17j
i^%K»^ing succeeded by one Stephen, Geree, 'J,' ,
fr^wsr, *> ¦ . ?, -T , r in?v.--ifrsi aid baiy/oyn
,vt3qoq Richard Brookes; A. M.brjSb&a^j/fo^tjjpilro erci
He t?as eleCte^ March 20, 1640, irirlfVfeeSp^ted!:;i(iiVte
time in 164§,oa¥tMehd0f%h^fi:-ya'Fbrie,7bhh ChamWFi
Jain, an under-graduate, was appointed in his room.
7 Robert

204 WADHAM COLLEGE,
Robert Young, A. M. ¦ -.,,5
Hewas eleCted in 1640, and expelled August 1, 1648. :.
John Day, LL. B. Scholarship.
Hewas eleCted Jan. 11, 1642, and expelled the same day
with Mr. Young. Richard Henthorn, an under-graduate,
was put into his place, October 17 of the same year.
There appears also to have been another scholar ex
pelled, as one George Woodward, an under-graduate, was
chosen June 16, 1649.
Tbere were likewise ejeCted from this college, John Stp.ne
tlie bible clerk, and Walter James, but what place the latter
held is not known ; however, he was expelled in 1648, and
in 1655 became M.D. at Padua, and the following year was
incorporated in the same degree in this university.
There Was at that time but one scholarship more in this
college, which was possessed by John Walker, who was also
expelled, but afterwards made his submission, and was re
stored to favour. He was the only scholar of them all
who kept in ; so that of -this whole foundation the visitors
left but two remaining.

WADHAM COLLEGE.
John Pitt, D. D. Wardenship, and Chardsiock V. in
Dorsetshire,
He was one of the original fellows of this house, being no
minated by the lady Dorothy Wadham herself; was eleClted to
tlie'-wardenship April 16, 1644, and admitted the 25th ofthe
same, month. But the confusions allowed him very little
enjoyment of that promotion ; for when the visitation of
desolation was marching round the university, this worthy
person shared in' the common calamity': "and March 3,
1647, was voted out of his headship 'by the c'ctatrn'ftec. The
21st of the same month we find him under the inquisition
at Oxford ; but he was refractory, and gave them such
satisfaction, as they deserved, (that is, none at all,) to those
questions which they asked him. ' April 16, 1648, when the
chancellor in person, attended by the dragoons of the gown and

IN THE' UNIVERSITY' OF OXFORD. ; 205
and the garrison, (that is, the visitors and the soldiers,) walked
the- grand round, fi£ was aCtually dispossessed of the warden-
ship and lodgings; and Dr. John Wilkins was at the same time
put in possession of them both, and continued to hold them
aftei" he was married, in direCt opposition to the statutes of
the house'. As for his vicarage, he was'not only dispossessed
of it, but plundered likewise of his household goods and
books ; "and, as if this were1 not enough, his estate was- also
put under sequestration. There was one circumstance, which
in a peculiar manner added to the sharpness of his suffer
ings, but for certain reasons, says Dr. Walker, " I forbear
to relate it."" He died not long after his ejeCtion, -some
where ih Somersetshire. Tristram Sugge, D. D. Fellowship.
He was born at Yeovill. in Somersetshire ;. afterwards lie
became fellow of this house; was metaphysickreader, and
prbCtor of this university., In 1646, he was created (among
several other loyalists and sufferers) doCtor of divinity ; and
OCtober 11, 1648, was expelled hy the. visitors ; after which
he suffered much in those distraCted times for his loyalty.
In 1660 he was restored to his fellowship, but died in the
college before that year expired. He was esteemed, by all
that knew , him, a profound philosopher and divine, and
very fit to publish what he had written on those subjeCts ; but
at the time of his death, his papers, as it seems, fell into
such hands as were not likely to make them public.
 Strangeways,  . Fellowship.
One colonel Giles Strangeways of this college, who had
served in parliament as a knight for the county of Dorset,
and was a most loyal and worthy gentleman, was created
doCtor of laws in 1665. Whether , he was the same person
with this sufferer is uncertain ; but if so, he w^s.of Melbur,y-
Samford in Dorsetshire, and died in 1675.
.,  Atkins, — . Fellowship.  Michelson,
A. B. Scholarship. John Dingle, — , Scholarship,
and St-Cv-thbert in Cornwall.
He was an excellent Scholar, and commonly known in the
university by the name of the Courser Dingle ; that way of
managing disputations being then common in this university.
He was the last person who read the common prayer in this
college; and that alone was sufficient to bring him under
"¦ "- " the

iU WADHAM C6EE£&K
the displeasure of the visitors, which he felt accordingly. It
Was after his ejeCtion that he Obtained fhe living of St. Cuth
bert ; whither the. malice of -the party also followed him,
and suffered hiuS not toi enjoy-that benefice.-
Lionel Pine,,  ., Fellowship. , , , , , ,
...He was of the foundation, and expelled: " And," says
Dr- Walker, " I have somejeason to think, that Jbe was not
only fellow, but the senior fellow at that time." J
 — Thomas, A. B. Scholarship.' ,
By his degree it seejns that he was Wt mare- fhan; scholar.
 Baker, B. B. Scholarship.
_ jFor the.s^me reason this gentleman also was. nojp.oxe, than
a scholar.  Hughs, — -. — .

Whether he was fellow, or only scholar, is uncertain;
that he was on, the foundation, and expelled by the visitors,
is pretty clear ; because his name is in Oxon. Lacht. though
it occurs not in the register of the visitation.. '"'"
The following persons also were under sentenc^ .of -.ex
pulsion, as appears by the visitors', register :.but wpetiiej: .qp
the foundation or not, is uncertain, Much less can ,]ve,, dis
tinguish, among those that were so, the fellows Troni fhe
scholars; or say, who of them cjid .submit afterwards and
keep their places, or who were utterly ejeCted.
Thomas Coward, Richard Potter, ThomasPugh,
John Tregmore, George Davenant, Edward'Da-
venant, — Barter, — Escote, — Hall, — : Qek-
,f ^yn, — Gifford, A. E. — Goodr idg e,'— SliYWtFFE-
' A. B. — Manning, — Merlaine, -^- Phitjlifs,— —
-StftPPARD,' — Tucker. '
, -. ( George Ash well,  .
He is mentioned by Wood as one of the writers of this
college ; but thatauthor being wholly, silent -as .to any thing of
this ejeCtion, he may have been one! of those T$ho. submitted:
he was, afterwards. : reCtor of Hanwell near Banbury; One
Mir. Ashwell is mentioned;; either as sequestered' from a liv
ing, or, ejeCted from this university..

Hamlet

IN THE UNIVERSIT J OF OXFORD. 207
Hamlet Pulle^ton

r] ,]FJe wasidGwbH^ss ithe person mentioned by Wood: in the
Second volume of his, Athena, but it not appearing there that
he was utterly dispossessed, (instead of which the contrary
indeed seems to be intimated,) and haying no other reason to
think him expelled, than barely that his name was in the vi
sitors' register,, perhaps he was one of -those who afterwards
^submitted, and therefore we shall give no farther account of
him. .¦¦ , . i ....... ¦ !¦ ¦ ¦ '¦ ' '¦¦-' •¦-¦--¦ x-
There were^chqsen into this college by the visitors, in the
years 1648 and 1649, no less than twenty-two fellows and
scholars; which seems to make it plain that ten or twelve
at least of thos& last-mentioned were wholly ejgCted, and ne-
verre-admitted to favour.
'-'To this account we must subjoin Edmund1 Gayton, who
had been fellow of St. John's college, and was created bache
lor of physic in 1647, the superior beSdle of arts -and physic.
Her was afterwards dispossessed of that place :by the visitors,
¦^beBrh© went to London, lived on his wits ¦;<_ and, as Wood
says,*' wrote trite .things, to get bread- to sustain himself
and his wife. He was restored in J. 660, died in 1666, and
was .altogether unworthy to be mentioned, being a, very Idle,
vain, ana loose fellow, but for the sake of his place, which is
much better than apy fellowship in the university, -and sel
dom filled but by a master of arts."
Another of the beadles has been mentioned under Mer
ton college ; the visitors turned out at least five of the six.
But whether any of the rest- had been scholars, as it is most
probable one or more of them had, and so might claim a
place in this list; is uncertain. ,
-x WJ?,£a?re been principally indebted to Dr. Walker for
the accqunt that we -have given of the ejeCted members of
this university; and as we have; relied chiefly ,upon his au
thority for the accuracy of it, we conclude the whole by in
serting his own words ' respecting the means of his in-
ftirmattomx ,, :" ¦•• . • - ; !>"
" Ilhave beforeisoggested'the difficulties Is labdur under
Inaacetiainirig the nutabemof those who were turned out Of
jfcbii university, notwithstanding the visitors' register hap
pened to be preserped^L And the only method 1 can think
of to extricate myself in some measure from them, is to
compare the transcript of that register with the lists of those
colleges of which I have any accounts that are tolerably
v, ¦,,--. perfect;

208 WADHAM COLLEGE,
perfect ; and by that means" to make a computation, whaf
proportion those mentioned in the visitors' register, who
were not on the foundations, might bear to those who were*
either fellows or scholars of the sSveral houses. And besides
this, the several elections which the visitors made, and the
numbers of the persons whom they chose into the respective
houses, will in some measure mak: it appear how many were;
totally ejeCted from their fellowships, &c.
" For these ends it will be requisite in the first place to set
down the sum total of those who were ejefted, both accord
ing to the account which Wood gives of them, and as the vi-'
sitors' own register represents it. ' From the former it ap-'
pears, that, by July 1648, the committee of London for the
reformation of the university, (whose executioners the visi
tors of Oxford were,) had voted out 334 at one time ; 46
at another ; 180 at a third ; and 22 at a fourth time : all, as
I- understand it, exclusive of one another. To wliich if we
add some" of the canons of Christ-church, and several heads
of houses who are not included in that account, to the nam-'
ber of at least 15, the sum total Will amount to 507. And
Wood adds, which is very remarkable, that he finds' the vi
sitors did afterwards faithfully execute these Orders ofthe
committee upon most of them.
" As to their own register, according to that extraCt of it
which I have received, the sum total of the expulsions, ex
cluding the canons and heads before mentioned, some du
plicates which I apprehend are in the extraCt, and all the
college servants, amounts to about 527. To which we may
add about 15 of those mentioned in Oxon. Lachrymae,
whose names I do not meet with in the register. And if to]
these we also join the 15 heads, canons, &c. the whole will
make about 607: This variation of the two accounts may
possibly be occasioned by the visitors expelling some few,'
for which it may be the committee did not give them ex
press orders ; or at least, those orders do not appear in
Wood. To this I must add, that there, are several omissions
in the register ; besides those taken out of Oxon. Lachrymae,
particularly at Christ-church, Corpus Christi, and Univer
sity colleges. In the former of which I have discovered no
less than six omitted, who I otherwise find were wholly
ejeCted, and that too from the foundation. In the second,
though the register mentions three that were not on the
foundation, yet all of them put together fall three short of
those foundation-men, who by other informations were
wholly

THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 200
wholly dispossessed. The same I find likewise at the last of
these colleges, where the register mentions but thirteen in all;
whereas I am assured, that there were no less than eighteetl
of that house expelled wholly from their fellowships and
scholarships : nor do I find, in any one college, that there
were fewer ejeCted than what the register mentions: — so that
it is plain there were more than 607 under sentence of ex-*
pulsion. And because I will make as modest a demand as I
can, let it be said that there were but two more in each
college, one with another, (and that, I am sure, the compu
tation from Corpus Christi college, and University college,
do sufficiently bear me out in,) which being 36, will bring
the whole to 643, or, to make it a round number, 640.
" But now the first great query is, how many of these were
on the foundation, and how many not ? In answer to which,
I must first observe, that it is not very probableymany gentle
men commoners, commoners or others, who had no places to
detain them, would tarryat Oxford in those times of confusion,
when they could not to any tolerable advantage follow '- their
Studies on one hand, and, on the other, must expeCt to be'
harassed and abused by the visitors. Add to this, that in
several ofthe largest colleges, as All Souls, Magdalen, New
College, and Corpus Christi, no commoners or others; save a
few gentlemen commoners, are admitted. So that, from this
consideration, it seems probable that abundantly the greater
part of those mentioned in the register were fellows and
scholars of houses. But, to come to particulars in the best
manner that I can, by comparing what I find in the register
with the lists' of those colleges' from which I have received
the most perfect accounts — At Corpus Christi college, out of
thirty-nine mentioned by the register, three only were not'
of the' foundation ;- at "Exeter, there were about eight out
of twenty ; at Baliol, there were about seven or eight out of
the same number ; at Oriel, about six out of eighteen, (but
in this college they are expressly taken notice of by the re
gister itself, as not on the foundation;) and at University
college, not one. So that the greatest proportion of non-
foundation men to those of the society, is something more
than one third ; the others, a third, a seventh, and -the least
not so much as an eighteenth, for eighteen were ejeCted out
qf University college. Now, betwixt these; I think it will
be very fair (especially considering that in the largest col
leges there were no commoners,) to say, that generally there
were not above a fifth of 640, beirig 128, of those ejeCted,
voju 1. O which

2 1 o THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
which were non-foundation men. And if this be allowed,
the number of fellows and scholars aCtually voted out by the
committee and visitors, and so under sentence of expulsion,
was 512 ; or, to bring this also to a round number, (if I shall
not be -thought to have taken more than my due, because I
am so ready to part with it on all occasions,) say there were
'500. " But then the second and greatest difficulty is to deter
mine how many of these submitted and made their peace
before the dire sentence was in faCt executed upon them.
As for those who got themselves re-admitted after they had
been aCtually dispossessed, I have some reasons to think they
Were so very few that they are not worth notice : and here
"We must again go to a computation. Now, as to those col
leges of which I have the most perfect accounts ; in Corpus
Christi I do not find one submitted, (unless Mr. Bogan may
be deemed such an one,) nor in Baliol college, nor LTniver-
?ity. In Exeter, one did ; but in Oriel, seven out of twelve
were restored. However, this was after they had been ac
tually dispossessed ; and these were re-admitted, some sooner,
some later, betwixt the years 1648 and 1660. So that in
some colleges none at all submitting ; and in another, but
one in twelve ; but in the other, somewhat more than half,
who notwithstanding were some years at least, I mean seve
ral of them, out of their places, and so in great part suffer
ers ; I think it will be more than a generous offer to go
halves again, and cut the greatest of these in two ; since
there are four to one, in which none, or next to none, sub
mitted ; and say, that of this 500, one fourth made their
peace, and then the number of fellows and scholars totally
deprived will be 375.
" But there is yet another ground for conjeCture in this
Same matter, and that is, the number of those eleCted into
the several colleges by the visitors, which also appears on
their register, and which therefore may well be presumed
to have succeeded in the places of ejeCted loyalists: of which,
besides this reasonable presumption, there is also plain evi
dence. For within the compass of the first two years, viz.
1648 and 164^, when the visitation raged most, the elec
tions are of 8,, 10, 12, and 16 at a time ; and several elec
tions within a month and two months, &c. one of another,
in the same year, and in the same colleges. And some such,
also there are in the year 1650; particularly of post-masters
at Merton college, and fellows at New college- Now the
whole.

THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 2 1 1
whole number eleCted by the visitors (excluding choristers,
college-servants, &o for even these they condescended to
expel,) was about 396, of which it is manifest, from the
manner of their eleCting, before hinted at, 393 were into
the places bf such as had been expelled ; and therefore it is
probable that the remaining three were of the same nature,
saving that they might possibly fill up among them some re-
gular vacancies. But then considering that in those confu
sions the livings in the country were sequestered as fast as
they were filled up with honest men, (and therefore it is
probable not many would quit the certainty of a fellowship
for one of them;) considering that the college rights of pre
senting were usurped also, and that few honest men could
get patrons to present them, (the advowsons of episcopal
laymen being in like manner invaded ;) and considering fur
ther, that these were no times to marry/ especially when an
honest man could hardly get; and more hardly keep, a liv
ing to maintain a family ; add to all this, that the register,
in four or five instances, taking notice of such regular va
cancies, it seems probable that had there been very many
more of them, they also would have been taken notice- of.
" Upon all these considerations, I say, it seems very reason
able to believe, that few or no places became regularly void
any other way than by death, saving that some few vacancies
might be occasioned by the preferment or resignation of
some of those whom the visitors themselves had chosen in
not long before ; for abundantly the greater part of those
elections were made in the years 164-8 and 1649; after
which time, as it is obvious to imagine that the visitors
would leave the colleges to make their own elections, when
they had thus new-modelled them to their minds, (only
now and then turning out a melancholy malignant who had
been as yet left among them ;) so in faCl it seems to be inti
mated from hence, that though it appears by the register
they continued sitting till at least 1656, yet in very many
colleges I do not find that they made any eleCtions'after
1649. And as to those colleges where they do appear to
have put in any themselves after that time, I am assured
from some of them, that it was in the places of ejeCted loyal
ists ; and I guess the same of some others, because the elec
tions of this kind, which I meet with on the register, were
fewer than the ordinary vacancies of the college would cer
tainly require. In St! John's College, for instance, it doth
not appear by the register that the visitors themselves put in
O 2 more

2 1 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
more than three from 1650 to 1656. And what could be
the reason why the visitors should fill up a regular vacancy,
(if these had been such,) now and then, and not always ?
So that doubtless those more sparing elections also of the
visitors, after 1649, were made into the places of those who
had been ejeCted. And I am the rather confirmed in this
opinion, because the elections thus sparingly made after
1649, agree so nearly with the perfect account which I have
received of the expulsions in some of the colleges. Upon
the whole, then, I think it will be a very handsome conces
sion, if I should allow that forty of the vacancies filled up by
the visitors themselves had been regularly made, especially
when it is observed that most of their elections were in the
compass of two years ; and that I find by Wood *, and by
some other notices of my own, that whatever vacancies had
been occasioned by the confusions and the siege, had been
filled up by the respective societies, at what time the visita
tion commenced. By this allowance, then, the number of
elections made by the visitors, into the places of such as had
been utterly expelled by them, will be reduced to 356.
" But then, to counterbalance this, it invest be known, that
either the visitors themselves chose many who are not men
tioned in the register, or else, when they had put a majo
rity of their own party into a college, they then allowed
them to fill up several places, which the visitors themselves
had made vacant by expulsion ; for, in Corpus Christi
college, tliere were forty-two places vacated by ejeCtion ;
whereas there appear but thirty-eight elections on the visit
ors register. So, at All-Souls' college, the register mentions
but thirty elections ; whereas I am informed that the visit
ors made no less than forty-four there, during the course of
their session. Thus likewise, at Magdalen-college, I do
not find by their register above two fellows and nineteen
demies elected by the visitors ; whereas there were no less
than seventeen fellows, and eight demies, who lived to re
turn to the college in 1 660 : and yet every one must readily
grant, that those could not be the one half of what had
been totally ejected ; so that there cannot be fewer than
thirty omissions in this single college. As for Exeter, Oriel,,
and Baliol colleges, the elections which appear on the regi
ster agree pretty well with a certain account which I have
of the expulsions made by them : only I must add, that, at
Exeter
* Antiq, passing
' 7

THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 2 1 3
Exeter college, the visitors had a contrivance to keep two
fellowships void, (and ordered four more to be kept so when
they should fall,) to pay the college debts. And if they
took the liberty to do the same in other colleges, this will
prove another reason why the elections, which are men
tioned in the register, do not equal the expulsions which
the visitors made. But then, on the other hand, it must
not be concealed, that in some colleges the elections made
by the visitors exceed the certain account I have of the ex
pulsions : however, they do not exceed in such degrees, by
a vast deal, as the register comes short Of what I am assured
of in other colleges. '
" Add to this, that not above one or two of all the ejected
heads are mentioned in the register ; probably because the
chancellor in person executed the orders of the committee
upon them, in wliich the visitors seemed rather to be attend
ants than principals.
" Upon the whole, therefore,! presume I may very well be
allowed to recall the forty which I just now discounted for
regular vacancies, and to add ten more to them, (which, I
think, is a very modest demand,) since I can shew near forty
of them at Magdalen-college, and among the ejeCted heads ;
and so, according to this computation, the whole number of
the fellows, scholars, chaplains, &c. ejeCted out of their seve
ral places in Oxford, will amount to four hundred and six ;
or, to make it as low as possible, let it be said they were only
four hundred, and I should think I am very much within
compass."

O 3 VISITATION

{ 214 )
VISITATION* OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
JL HE parliament had from the beginning an eye upon
the two universities ; the puritans knowing well that there
was but little chance of effecting their beloved objeCt, the
destruction of the church, while those great nurseries of
orthodoxy and loyalty were suffered to remain in their old
state. Accordingly, on the 22d of December 1640, a com
mittee of the house was appointed to " consider of the
abuses of the universities in matters of religion and civil go
vernment, either done or suffered by them." January 20th
following, they resolved " that the statute made twenty-
seven years before, in the university of Cambridge, imposing
on young scholars a subscription, according to the 36th ar
ticle ofthe canons, made 1603, is against the law and liberty
of the subjeCt, and ought not to be pressed on graduates and
students." June 4, 1641, they declared themselves more
openly in their intentions of reforming the seats of learn-*
ing, by reviving the committee before mentioned ; which
committee immediately proceeded to frame " a bill for the
regulating the universities," but it does not appear that the
bill was carried through the house.
The university of Oxford, being then garrisoned by the
king's forces, was safe for that time from the depredations
of the fanatics ; but Cambridge was greatly harassed by
them in 1642, under pretence of searching for malignants
and papists. A few months after these proceedings, the
king's necessities obliged him to apply to the loyal heads of
this university for relief. Whereupon, says one of them,
*' our hearts burned within us to hear our living founder,
whom we expeCted to be made (by that time) a great and
glorious Mng, as was promised him, should almost starve
while we had bread on our table ; and therefore, out of our
poverty, a small and inconsiderable sum of money was col
lected, and tendered as a testimony, not only of our loyalty to
him, as a king, but also of our charity to him as a christian,
when in extreme want and necessity." ,
8 After

THE CAMBRIDGE1 VISITATION. 215
After this the university sent their plate to his majesty,
wliich gave so much offence to the parliament, who intended
to have seized it for their own purposes, that they dispatched
Cromwell down to Cambridge at the head of a troop of sol
diers. Immediately on his arrival, Cromwell surrounded the
different colleges, and finding all the treasure gone, took Dr.
Beal, Dr. Martin, and Dr. Sterne, masters of St. John's,
Jesus', and Queen's colleges, into custody, for their activity
in this loyal transaction. These worthy divines were hur
ried up to London by order of parliament, and were kept-
confined in the Tower and other prisons some years, parti
cularly in the noisome hold of a ship *-
At length the town of Cambridge was pitched upon for
the head garrison of the seven associated counties, in con
sequence of which the members of the university were con
stantly exposed to the grossest insults and outrages. At
one time particularly, the vice-chancellor and heads of col
leges solemnly assembled in consistory, being many of them-
three-score years old and upwards, were kept prisoners in.
the public schools, in an exceeding cold night, till midnight,
without any accommodations for food, firing, or lodging, and
for no other reason but only because they could not in con
science comply, or contribute any thing to that detestable
war against his majesty -j-.
The same writer's account of the ravages committed by
these reformers, is so very particular and affecting, that we
shall extract it in his own words.
" And, now, to tell how they have profanedand abused our
several chapels, though our pens flowed as fast with vinegar
and gall as our eyes do with tears, yet were it impossible
sufficiently to express it ; when multitudes of enraged
soldiers, let loose to reform, have torn down all carved
work, not respecting the very monuments of the dead ; and
have ruined a beautiful carved structure in the University
church, though indeed that was not done without direction
from a great one, Cromwell, as appeared after upon a com
plaint made to him ; which stood us in a great sum of money1,
and had. not one jot of imagery or statue-work about it.
And when that reverend man, the then vice-chancellor,
Dr. Ward, told them mildly, ' That they might be better em-
O 4 ployed f
* QuereL Cantab, p. 5, 6. Barwick's Life, p. 3a.
+ QuereL p. 9.

216 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
ployed,' they returned him such language as we are ashamed
to express,
" Nor was it any thing strange to find whole bands of sol
diers training and exercising in the royal chapel of king
Henry the Sixth ; nay, even the commanders themselves,
being commanded to shew their new major-general (Craw
ford) how well they understood their trade, chose that place
to train in, whether in policy to conceal their mystery, or
out of fear to betray their ignorance, or on purpose to shew
their soldiers how little God's house was to be regarded,
let the world conjecture ; and one who calls himself John
Dowsin, and by virtue of a pretended commission goes
about the country, like a bedlam, breaking glass windows*,
having battered and beaten down all our painted glass, not
only in our chapels, but, contrary to order, in our public
schools, college halls, libraries, and chambers ; mistaking,
perhaps, the liberal arts for saints, which they intend in
time to pull down too ; and having, against an order, de
faced and digged up the floors of the chapels, many of
which had lain for two or three hundred years together,
not regarding the dust of our founders and predecessors,
who likely were buried there ; compelling us, by armed
soldiers, to pay forty shillings a college for not mending
what had been spoiled and defaced, or forthwith to go to
prison. We shall need to use no more instances than these
two, to shew that neither place, person, nor thing, hath any
reverence or respect amongst them. A fellow of one of
our colleges (master Pawson of Sidney) was violently plucked
from the communion, as he was ready to receive that holy
sacrament, before a solemn election of a master of that col
lege, and thrown into gaol, to the great disturbance of the
election ; and at another college (St. John) the communion
plate was most sacrilegiously seized upon and taken away
from the very communion table, notwithstanding it was,
upon a former plunder, restored to the said college, by an
order from the close committee of the 18th of September
1643, under the hands of the earl of Pembroke, the earl of
Denbigh,
* This species of fanatic zeal was very common in thoseunhappy times ;
and any representation in a church window was certain fo be treated as a
remnant of idolatry. Sherfield, the violent recorder of Salisbury, was pretty
severely handled in the Star-chamber, for demolishing a church window in
that city ; and that furious bigot Richard Culmer rendered himself notorioua
by perambulating the county of Kent for the sole purpose of breaking
windows.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 2 IT
Denbigh, lord Say, lord Howard, sir William Waller, and
master Pym*."
Besides all this, they cut down the trees of the walks,
orchards, woods, and groves, belonging to the colleges,
and sold the timber for a considerable sum of money. They
carried away materials which had been collected for the use
of Clare-hall, to the value of about 4001. and defaced five
or six fair bridges of stone and timber belonging to several
colleges ; spoiled a fine walk, with a new gate belonging to
King's college, under the pretence of keeping out cavaliers.
They plundered and drove out the true owners of St. John's
college for above sixteen months together, and converted
all the old court of it, which had usually contained three
hundred students at a time, into a prison for his majesty's
loyal subjects ; not suffering any to remove either their
bedding or other goods, of which the gaoler could make any
use or benefit. Multitudes of soldiers were quartered in
the other colleges, who committed in them all manner of
insolence and debauchery.
But all these outrages of the garrison, barbarous as they
were, (says Dean Barwick,) are only to be looked on as pre
paratory to the more oppressive though less rude and violent
proceedings of the reformation which followed. January 6,
1643, the Lords and Commons, under pretence of exempting
the estates and revenues of the university from the Ordinance
for sequestering delinquents' estates, passed a declaration,
" That the receivers and treasurers of the university, and of
each college and hall, should be approved by the Earl of
Manchester ; and that they should pay the incomes and re
venues to the committee for sequestrations, or otherwise, as
should be ordered by the said Earl f ." By this declaration
all the estates of the masters, fellows, &c. were put into his
hands, and soon after their persons were likewise put into
his power ; for, on the 22d of the same month, the ordinance
was passed for regulating the university, (which ordinance
authorised the same Earl to remove scandalous, i. e. loyal and
orthodox ministers in the seven associated counties,) taking
notice that the service of the parliament being retarded, the
enemy
* Querel. p. 17, 18. Not long after this, the parliament appropriated the
communion plate belonging to the royal chapels for the purpose of carrying
'on the war. Sacrilege, rebellion, and hypocrisy, are alw.iys in close
alliance. f Querel. p. 18, Hist. Col. 40J),

218 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
enemy strengthened, the people's souls starved, and their
minds diverted from any care of God's cause by the idle,
ill-affeCted and scandalous clergy of the university of Cam
bridge and the associated counties; and that many that
would give evidence against such scandalous ministers, not
being able to travel to London, nor bear the charges of such
a journey ; therefore it provides that the said Earl of Man
chester shall appoint one or more committees in each of
these counties, to consist of ten (whereof five might sit and
do business), and to be nominated out of the deputy lieute
nants or members of committees named by any former or
dinance of parliament, who were to put in execution the
following instructions, namely, " to call before them all
provosts, masters and fellows of colleges, all students and
members of the university, that are scandalous in their lives,
or ill-affeCted to the parliament, or fomenters of this unna
tural war, or that shall wilfully refuse obedience to the or
dinances of parliament, or that have deserted their ordinary
places of residence, not being employed in the service of the
king and parliament *; and to send for any witnesses, and to
examine them upon oath ; and then to certify the names of
those accused, and the charge and proofs against them, to the
Earl himself, who is empowered to eject such as he shall
think unfit for their places ; and to sequester their
estates, means, and revenues, and to dispose of them as he
shall think fitting ; and to place other fitting persons in their
rooms, after they should be approved by the assembly of di
vines at Westminster." The earl, or committee, had like
wise authority to administer the covenant, and to assign the
fifths of the sequestered livings to the wives and children of
the persons whom they should deprive f . The , true intent of
* An ordinary reader would hardly suppose that this ordinance was framed
by a rebellious faction then actually in arms against the king ; and that it was
levelled agamst those very persons who were the most zealously attached to
the royal cause. But such was the exquisite hypocrisy of those times and
reformers. f It was likewise directed by a clause in this ordinance, " that the committees
should provide a clerk, to register all warrants, orders, summonses and eject
ments, and pitch on a place for keeping- the -writings; which probably is the
reason why a considerable part of their proceedings were preserved ; whilst
those of the committees at London were, as the clergy complain in their peti
tion of 1647, to Sir Thomas Fairfax, hardly so much as ever taken at all ; or,
it may be, at best, on loose and scattered papers only: insomuch that even at
that time it could hardly be learned who was sequestered, or for what. And
therefore it is no wonder that such of thm proceedings as were taken, are now-
lost; save some few pages that 1 have met with in a book which I guess be
longed

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 21-9
of this ordinance, says Dr. Barwick, was beyond all ques
tion to plant a new university, for propagating at least, if
not inventing a new religion; and seeing they could not make
the university of Cambridge rebel, to make at least a rebel
lious university *.
Thus commissioned, the earl of Manchester, accompanied
by his chaplains, Mr. Ashe and Mr. Goode, repaired to
Cambridge, and, on February 24, issued the following war
rant to each college and hall : " Whereas, by vertue of an
ordinance of Parliament, I am authorized to endeavour the
reformation of this university ; theise are to require you
forthwith, by this Bearer, to send unto me the statutes of
your Colledge, together with the names of all the members of
your society, whether Fellowes, Schollars, or other officers,
and also now to certifye me who are now present, and who
absent, and to give me notice of the expresse time of their
discontinuance who are now absent.
E. Manchester."
To the Master of  College, and, in
his absence, to the President thereof.
Two days afterwards, he issued another order, as follows :
" These are to will and require you, upon sight hereof,
to give speedy advertisement, Viis, Mediis, isf Modis, to the
Fellowes, Schollars, and officers of your colledge, to be resident
at your said colledge the tenth day of March next ensuing, to
give an account wherein they shall be required to answere
such things as may bee demanded by mee, or such commis
sioner as I shall appoint. Given under my hand and seale this
26th day of February 1643.
E. Manchester."
To the Master of  CoUege, or, in his
absence, the President, or Locum
Tenens thereof.
The observation of Dr. Barwick upon this order is very
judicious, " The first thing that was attempted, (says he,)
was to summon all those that were absent to re:urn in ten
days. But then they were so far to seek for reasons of ejec
tion,
Jonged to the committee for re'igion, and contained some few minutes of their
$rst proceedings." Walhr, part I. p. IH,
*• guerel. p. !<?, 1$.

220 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
tion, as that, after almost ten days more study, all they could
insert in their writ was, " for opposing the proceedings of
the parliament, and other scandalous aCtions in the univer
sity." Their tongues thereby testifying their minds, though
perhaps out of incogitancy, which are so furiously set upon
their great work of reformation, as to punish the opposing
scandalous aCtions, with the loss of all a man's livelihood,
whether they were ashamed of the phrase or not ; but they-
had very good reason to be ashamed of the aCt, being so dif
ferent from all shewe of justice, as to impose impossibilities
in commanding men to return within twelve days after issu
ing the summons, which at that time were above two hun-
dren miles distant, and had two armies to pass through all
the ways ; or enjoining them to be resident at Cambridge
whom themselves kept fast prisoners at London, and yet for
non-appearance, for no man knows any other cause, these
must be ejeCted *."
In the mean time, the earl proceeded to expel such mem
bers of the university as were particularly obnoxious to his
employers, particularly Dr. Cosin, master of Peter House ;
Dr. Beal, master of St. John's ; Dr. Martin, master of
Queen's ; Dr. Sterne, master of Jesus ; and Dr. Laney, master
of Pembroke Hall. He also ejeCted Mr. Stephen Hall from
a fellowship of Jesus college, for refusing to take the solemn
league and covenant ; and Mr. John Otway, fellow of St.
John's. Some of these worthy confessors were then in con
finement in London, and others were in charge of the gar
rison at Cambridge.
On the eighth of April, the earl issued his warrants for
the , expulsion of sixty-one fellows, the two first of whom
were Mr. Tonstall and Mr. Palgrave of Corpus Christi col
lege ; and as the warrant is curious, we shall give it in this
place. " Whereas, by an ordinance of parliament, entitled An
Ordinance for Regulating the University of Cambridge, &c.
power is given unto me to ejeCt such fellowes of colledges as
are scandalous in their lives and doCtrines, or such as have
forsaken their ordinary places of residence within the said
university, or that do or have opposed the proceedings of
parliament ; by vertue of the authority given unto me, I doe
ejeCt Mr. Tonstall and Mr. Palgrave from being fellowes of
» Querel. p. 13,

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. M\
of Corpus Christi college within the said university of Cam
bridge, for not being resident in their said colledge, and not
returning to the place of their usual residence there, upon
one summons given to that purpose, and for several other
misdemeanours committed by them; which parties are hereby
required, upon their return to Cambridge, whensoever, not
to continue in the said university above the space of three
days, upon paine of imprisonment and confiscation of their
goods ; and do hereby require you to sequester and collect.
all and singular such profittes as belong to their severall fel
lowships or other places, to be disposed of to such persons as
I shall appointe in their roomes ; and further to cutt their
names out of the Butteryes ; and to certifye me within one
day after the receipte hereof what you have done therein.
Given under my hande and seale the 8th day of April
1644. E. Manchester."
To the Master and Fellowes resident in
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, -
and to every of them.
Though the inquisitors were so ready to charge the loyal
members of the university with being guilty of scandalous
offences, yet they found a great difficulty to find any other*
accusation against them than their fidelity to their sovereign.
For which reason, these godly men devised a method which
is unrivalled in the records of the Inquisition itself. They
framed an oath of discovery, by which the members of the
university were required to " accuse their nearest and dear
est friends, benefaCtors, tutors, and masters, and betray the
members and aCts of the several societies," in direCt violation,
of the statutes. This was at once laying every one under
the necessity of quitting the university, or of being guilty of
the foulest treachery and perjury. We are aware that this
circumstance ofthe oath was denied by Simeon Ashe, when
wrote to upon the subject by Dr. Fuller the historian. But
it ought to be observed, that the faCt was specifically stated
by Dr. Barwick in the Querela Cantab. 1647; and he was
personally acquainted with- all the proceedings of the visi
tors. Now it was not till 1655 that Mr. Ashe *, who had
borne
¦ * This christian of primitive simplicity and moderation, as Dr. Calamy (in
his abridgment vol. a. p. 1, 2.) calls him, attended the lord Manchester, when
he had orders to tender the covenant to every member of that famous uni
versity. To wtlom (we are told) the earl left the management of that affair, and

222 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
borne so conspicuous a part in this dirty business, says, in
reply to Dr. Fuller, " that he could not call to mind the
moving of such matter, but however that he might be under
mistakes through forgetfulness." But, to corroborate Dr.
Barwick's evidence, Dr. Fuller afterwards adduces that of
Mr. Peter Gunning, fellow of Clare-hall, (eminent for his
learning and honesty,) who assured him that such an oath.
was offered and urged upon him by the committee *." After
such testimony as this, how the doCtor could question the
truth of the faCt, when he had nothing stronger against it
than Ashe's want of recolleCtion, is astonishing. It is also
surprising that Dr. Calamy should have charged Dr. Walker
with " dishonourable, ungenerous, and unchristian conduCtf
for reviving this accusation, supported as it is by two such
strong evidences as dean Barwick and bishop Gunning,
both of them sufferers in this university.
Of the reality of this infamous oath there can be no doubt
in the mind of any impartial person ; and Dr. Barwick far
ther informs us, that if any one refused to take it, the com
missioners instantly tendered to him that other blessed in
strument of rebellion, the covenant, as they were impowered
by the ordinance to do ; and upon the refusal of that like
wise, a warrant was instantly issued for his ejeCtment and
banishment from the university. But it deserves notice,
that they did not venture to offer the covenant to the uni
versity as a body, lest it should have met with a general re
fusal ; they therefore tendered it separately, and one by one, to
and none could tax the good old man of partiality, neglect, or unfaithfulness
in the discharge of his office ; for he wrought such a thorough reformation in
the university, that in some colleges, without the least regard to merit, learn
ing, or old age, neither master, fellow, nor student were left, but were all
expelled the university, with orders to pack out of town in three days — and
all this merely for refusing the covenant ; and others put in their room, of no
other reputation than of great zeal to the good old cause." See a Looting-
Glass for Schismaticks, p. 97.
Dr. Barwick, in noticing the covenant, and this Mr. Ashe, speak thus :
" So little was "property valued, that a pair of camp chaplains, (Ashe and
Good,) or one of them, might expunge, eject, and banish whom they pleased ;
especially such as would not sacrifice their loyalty and conscience to the nerves
and cement of this rebellion, called the covenant. For instance, when a war
rant for ejection of certain fellows of St. John's coUege was issued out under
hand and seal, and their names express.lv mentioned in it ; yet Mr. Ashe knows
very well who it was that expunged Mr. Henman's name, and put in Mr.
Butler's, without so much as writing the warrant over again." Querel, Cant.
p. sa. .
* Fuller's Appeal of Injured Innocence, p. "]%.
f Continuation, vol. 3. p. (j.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 223
to such chiefly as they had before marked out for ruin. Nor
would they in the refusal of it admit that plea of conscience
which they had themselves clamoured so much about, and pre
tended in part to fight for ; as was more particularly evident
in the case of Mr. Baldero, who, being brought before the
earl of Manchester, said, " that he was not satisfied in his
conscience, and desired that his lordship's chaplain, then
present, would resolve him in some scruples about the co
venant." This the chaplain declined, alledging " that it was
his business to preach to his lordship, and not to resolve
men's consciences." Shortly after this, Mr. Baldero was sent
by the earl a prisoner to London, " for tendering the rea
sons of his refusing the covenant, though invited and re
quired thereunto by his lordship." In consequence of this
he was committed to prison, where he continued a long
time at excessive charges.
The refusing then of this oath of treachery, (as Dr. Bar
wick justly calls the oath of discovery,) and ofthe other na-
~ tional oath of treachery, the solemn league and covenant, was
the only real ground of ejeCting the loyal members of this
university. It is true the warrants of ejeCtment do accuse
the sufferers with scandalous aCts and other misdemeanours ;
but it ought to be observed, that these were mere general
accusations, and that too only of the commissioners them
selves, for none of the expelled persons had any accusation
brought, much less proved against them when they appeared
according to the summons ; nor was any particular- misde
meanour alledged by any one single witness. Of this we
have a curious proof in the Life of bishop Seth Ward, by
Dr. Pope. " The next spring, (/. e. in 1644,) Mr. Ward
and Mr. Gibson were summoned to appear before the com
mittee of visitors, then sitting at Trinity college, and ten
dered the covenant and other oaths *; which they refused,
declaring themselves unsatisfied of the lawfulness of
them. Then they desired to know if the commit
tee had any crime to objeCt ' against them ? They an
swered, they had not ; they declared the reason why they
asked Was, that they understood some were ejeCted for not
taking the covenant, and others for immoralities ; to which
they received this answer, ' that those were words of course put
* This is an additional confirmation that there was such a thing as an oath of
discovery imposedatthis time upon the students, &c. of the university, by tlie
commissioners, though Nlf, Ashe chose to forget it,

224 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
put into all their orders of ejectment.' Such (adds Dr. Pope)
was the carriage of those commissioners, not only to take
away the livelihood of those they expelled, but also their
good name and reputation, and so render them unpitied,
and not worthy to be believed*."
Dr. Walker says, that he had seen the original warrant
for the ejeCtion of Mr. Salter of Caius college, whose name
being in a different hand from that of the successors, (which
is in the hand-writing of the form,) it inclines one to think,
that any fellow who could procure a blank from the earl, or
perhaps the secretary, for a sum of money, might insert
whose name he pleased, in the vacancy, and so turn him
out, and enjoy his fellowship.
As to what concerns the numbers of those who were ejeCted,
and the excellent characters of many of them, the reader is
referred to the list. We shall here only say in general, that-
there were no less than five masters ejeCted in one day, and
sixty-five fellows in another : that the earl of Manchester
did in a manner ejeCt, at the first heat, near 200 masters and
fellows, besides scholars of houses, exhibitioners, &c. which
probably might be above as many more, as appears by the
list in the Querela : that at Queen's college the reformation
was such a thorough one, as left neither the master nor any
one fellow or scholar on the whole foundation : and, in a
word, that of the sixteen masters, twelve were turned out at
this time of regulation ; one was afterwards dispossessed for
refusing the engagement ; two died before the Querela was
wrote, or otherwise perhaps might have claimed a place in
that list amongst the rest ; and Dr. Love of Benet-college
only survived without ejeCtment : and that there could not
be, during the whole course of the rebellion and usurpation,
by one method and another, less than betwixt five and six
hundred in all turned out of this university. And here
we are again constrained to copy the words of the excellent
Dr. Barwick, who was one of the victims of this abomina
ble persecution infliCted iry pretended reformers upon their
nrotestant brethren.
" Thus (says he at the time) are we imprisoned and ba
nished for our consciences, not being so much as accused of
any thing, only suspeCted of loyalty to our king, and fidelity
to our mother the Church of England ; and not only so,
but
* Pope's Life of Bishop Ward, 1697, 8vo. 15, 16.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 225
but quite stripped of all our livelihood, and exposed to beg
gary, having nothing left us to sustaine the necessities of
nature, and many of us no friends to go to, but destitute and
forlorn, not knowing whither to bend one step when we
set footing out of Cambridge, having one only companion
which will make us rejoice in our afflictions, viz. ' a clear
conscience in a righteous cause ;' humbly submitting our
selves to the chastisement of the Almighty, who, after he
hath tried us, will cast his rods into the fire *."
Nor was the reformation which the earl made, less speedy,
than it was thorough- and effectual; for as the ordinance
passed the latter end of January, so he applied himself to
business the very next month; in March he ejeCted several of
the masters and fellows ; in the two or three following
months, he dispatched far the greater part of those numbers
which fell by his hands, and left little to do in the way of ejeCt-
ment by the beginning of the following year, although it
appears that some few ejeCtments were made by his authority
in 1645.
To the business of ejeCting the old members, naturally
succeeded the other part of his commission, which was that
of placing " other fitting persons in their room." And as
the ordinance for this regulation had manifestly violated the
known and Undoubted laws of this kingdom, by dispossess
ing so many persons of their freeholds, without the least
shadow or colour from those laws ; so did the person whom
they had entrusted with the execution of it, in the most
open and shameful manner conceivable, set by, and break
through all the formalities of statutes, oaths and appoint
ments, as well of the university, as of the several colleges ;
which it seems themselves, as we shall see by and by, wanted
to be reformed, no less than the members ; and had little
more regard to the wills and pious institutions of the foun
ders, though settled in the most solemn, sacred and inviolable
manner by themselves, and confirmed by royal charters, and
by the laws of the realm, than if there had never been any
such things in being ; which though to be abhorred anA
detested in those that invaded the university, and all it!
rights and privileges, was, however, doubly infamous, and.
plainly the most open and known perjury, in such members
of the several colleges, or such as had been so, who joined
vol. 1. P with
* Querel. Cant. p. a6Y

226 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
with them, and assisted in the undertaking. At St. John's
college they sunk no less than fourteen or fifteen fellow
ships, and shared the profits of them in common among
the rest. At Jesus' college, from the latter end of 1644,
" to the restoration, there were several fellowships conti
nually sunk ; the number being never complete, generally
five or six sunk, and for Some time half of the whole num
ber." And therefore it seems not improbable that the like
might be done in other colleges also *.
However, more care was taken to supply others of the
vacancies, and particularly the vacant masterships ; the re
venues of which, being so good, and the influence which the
new possessors of them might have toward the further re
formation of the colleges, not suffering any delay in that
matter: accordingly, April 10, 1644, the- earl of Manches
ter direCted a paper to some of the colleges, declaring, that
his " purpose was forthwith to supply the vacant fellow
ships ;" and desiring, that if there were any in the respective
colleges, " who, in regard of degree, learning and piety,
shall be found fit for such preferment," they would, upon
receipt of that paper, return him their names, in order to
their being examined by the assembly : but in the mean
time, matters had been put in the greatest forwardness for
the nomination of the masters ; some of those who were
to succeed in the vacant places, having already been ex
amined and approved by the assembly : and therefore, the
very day after the last-mentioned paper bears date, the earl
of Manchester came in person into the chapel of Peter
house, and there did " declare and publish Mr. Lazarus Sea
man to be constituted master of the said Peter-house, in the
room of Dr. Cosin, late master there, but justly and lawfully
ejeCted thtnce ; requiring Mr. Seaman to take upon him
that office, putting him into the master's seat, and deliver
ing to him the statutes ofthe college, in token of his inves
titure, straitly charging the fellows, &c. to acknowledge
and yield obedience to him, notwithstanding he was not
eleCted,
* The tithes of Somersham in Huntingtonshire, belonging to the Margaret
^ professorship, w ere also in those times, by the interest of colonel Val. Walton,
•" one of the king's judges, taken from the professorships, and settled on the
chapel of Colne in that parish. Wood, Ath. vol. ii. p. 136. But then, by the
act of Apr. 5, 1650, they settled 80I. per annum on this professorship, out of
the tithes, &c. of the bishops, deans, &c. (Scob. Coll. part 1. p. 113.) but whe-
, ther ever paid is a query. ,

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 227
eleCted, nor admitted, according to the ordinary course pre
scribed, by the said statutes ; in this time of distraCtion and
War, there being a necessity of reforming, a3 well of the
members of the said house." The earl also gave him an in
strument, under his hand and seal, to the same effeCt. As
Dr. Cosin had been the first master ejeCted ; so was Mr.
Seaman the first of all the intruding masters that Was put
upon any of the colleges r but, April 12, the earl came ; and
likewise to Jesus' college, where, with the same declarations
and ceremony, he gave Mr. Young the possession of that
mastership. Bu; the vacant fellowships were not filled up
with so much haste ; for the first warrant for supplying any
of them was at Peter-house,, and bears date June 11, 1644,
and ran to this effeCt : " Whereas he, the earl of Manchester,
had ejeCted Mr. Beaumont, Sec. late fellows of that college :
And whereas Mr. Charles Hotham, &c. had been examined,
and approved by the assembly of divines ; these are there
fore to require you to receive the said Mr. Hotham, &c. as
fellows, in the room of Mr. Beaumont, &c. and to give them
place according to their seniority in the university, in pre
ference to all those that are or shall be hereafter put in by
him." But others of the fellowships lay vacant yet much
longer ; for Mr. Tolly's fellowship in this house, though
vacated by ejeCtment, April 8, 1644, was not supplied till
September 20 that year ; others not till the January follow
ing ; and Mr. Bankes's fellowship was not filled until May
8, 1645.
Nor was any regard had, in supplying the succession, to
the filling up of the places with the natives of such counties
as the local statutes direCted, from many instances which
appear, of persons succeeding in fellowships, who were of
quite different counties from those of their predecessors.
And to this must be added, in the last place, that " instead
of those solemn oaths which the pious and prudent foun
ders and legislators enjoined to be taken, and without taking
of which no man could pretend any right to any of their
foundations, these new intruders only took the covenant
again, and made, a protestation to reform all the wholesome
laws and statutes according to. that covenant."
I have seen, says Dr. Walker, the form of that protesta
tion made by Mr. Seaman before mentioned, when he was
admitted to the mastership of Peter-house ; and another of
th^t made by the intruding fellows, each of w hich is the
P 2 same

22S THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
same, varied only in the necessary circumstances, and after
the preamble, ran in these words : " I, &c. do solemnly and
seriously promisd, in the presence of Almighty God, the
searcher of all hearts, that, during the time of my con
tinuance in that charge, I shall faithfully labour to promote
piety and learning in myself, the fellows, scholars and stu
dents, that do, or shall belong to the said college, agreeably
to the late solemn national league and covenant, by me
^worn and subscribed, with respeCt to all the good and
wholesome statutes of the said college, and of the university,
correspondent to the said covenant ; and by all means to
procure the good welfare and perfeCt reformation,. both of
the college and university, so far as to me appertaineth."
Thus, as the university justly complained, was she loaded
with an Iliad of miseries. " The Knipperdollings * of the
age reduced a glorious and renowned university almost to a
.meer Munster ; and did more in less than three years, than
the apostate Julian could effeCt in all his reign ; viz. broke
the heart-strings of learning, and all learned men ; and
thereby laxated all the joints of Christianity in the kingdom:"
insomuch that the loyalists " feared not to appeal to any im
partial judge, whether, if the Goths and Vandals, or even
the Turks themselves, had over-run this nation, they would
have more inhumanly abused a flourishing university, than
these pretended advancers of religion had done ;" having, as
the complaint is continued, " thrust out one of the eyes f of
this kingdom ; made eloquence dumb, philosophy sottish ;
widowed the arts ; drove the muses from their antient habi
tation ; plucked the reverend and orthodox professors out
of the chairs, arid silenced them in prison, or their graves ;
turned religion into rebellion ; changed the apostolical chair
into a desk for blasphemy ; tore the garland from off the
head of learning, to place it on the dull brows of disloyal
Ignorance ; made those antient and beautiful chapels, the
sweet remembrancers and monuments of our forefathers
charity, and kind fomenters of their childrens devotion, to
become ruinous heaps of dust and stones ; and unhived
those numerous swarms of labouring bees, which used to
drop
* Our readers need barely be informed, that this is an allusion to Knipper-
dolling, a famous incendiary, who assisted John of Leyden, the fanatical ana
baptist in the usurpation at Munster, under pretence of setting up the Mes/*
siah's kingdom, in the 16th century.
f As they did the other also a few years after.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 229
drop honey-dews over all this kingdom, to place in their
room swarms of senseless Drones *."
But neither did all this completely regulate the university :
and therefore they resolved to reform, even beyond them
selves, so very fond were they of further reformation ; and'
so hard are they to be pleased, even when they are their
x>wn choosers: for which purposes they continued their pro
jects of this kind ; and, November 6, 1645, there was a new
" debate in the house of commons, about regulating the uni
versity of Cambridge f :" and July 6, in tlu L..u^,iug ..r,
" the lords desired a committee of both houses might be ap
pointed to reform it." What the event of this proposal
was, does not appear ; but whilst some were busy in fitting
up the old, others thought it as good wholly to ereCt a new
building: and therefore, in 1649, one Sir Balthazer Gerbier
" set up a new academy in Whitefriars, for the teaching of
all manner of arts and sciences." And in 1650, a projeCt
was proposed to the parliament by the gentlemen freehol
ders, &c of Durham, containing, among other things, a pro
posal for ereCting the college and houses of the dean and
chapter in that city, into an academy, for the benefit of the
northern counties, because they were so far from the uni
versities. What became of that which was ereCted by Ger
bier, or of the proposal for this to be ereCted at Durham,
we know not, though the latter was certainly approved of
by Cromwell ; but in the mean time, the old projeCt (ar.d
the rather, it may be, because they were so much in love
with reformation,) seems to have been preferred, And there
fore, May 4, 1649, it was " referred to a committee to re
gulate" the university of Cambridge. But of what number
that committee consisted, who they were, or what powers
or instructions were given them, we do not find. In 1650,
mention is made of a committee for regulating both univer
sities ; and with relation to this university, they aCtually did
business, particularly OCtober 14, 1650, when they dispos
sessed Dr. Young, (who in 1644 had succeeded Dr. Sterne
by warrant from the earl of Manchester, as is before said,) of
the mastership of Jesus' college. , In the instrument for eject
ing Dr. Young now menti'-ned, it is said, that he had been
returned by the visitors, &c. ; so that it seems there were
P 3 also
* Querel. ut suf,
| Whitl. Mem. p, 172,

230 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION.
also -some reformers with the title then on foot in Cam
bridge, who aCted under the committee which seems to have
sat at London. January 2, 1649, an ordinance passed for
taking the engagement. June 21, 1650, it was referred to
the committee now mentioned for regulating the universi
ties, " to examine what masters, fellows, officers, &c. in
each of them did negleCt or refuse, to take that oath ; and
power was likewise given them to displace such masters,.
fellows, &c. and to place other fit persons in their room."
Pursuant to which powers perhaps it was that these visitors
Were appointed ; by whose means not only Dr. Young, but
several others were turned out of this university, on account
it seems of the engagement *. And that all of those who
were turned out on that account, (of which sort the reader
will meet with several in the list of this university,) were
dismissed by their means ; for it must now be further said,
that as the independents had refined upon the presby
terians, and invented the test of the engagement to dis
possess them, as the presbyterians themselves had that
of the covenant to displace the royalists ; so that oath
was warmly urged in f Cambridge, as well as in the other
parts of the kingdom, about 1650, and by that means
several of those who had been put in by the earl of Man
chester were again dispossessed ; as were likewise some of
the loyalists, who had either got the preferments after the
covenant ceased to be imposed with so much striChiess, or
by some means or other escaped the taking of it. " But,"
says Dr. Walker, " the notices which I have hitherto met
with, relating to the committee now mentioned, who were
empowered to ejeCt such members of either university as
refused it, or to the appointment of persons, or numbers of
those visitors that had the care of seeing it done, ?.nd to'the
manner of their proceedings, or to the number, characters
and qualifies of those who were ejeCted on that score, are so
very few, and so imperfeCt, that I forbear to attempt the ac
count of this second visitation ; and shall only add, that in
1 652 va vote passed, that ' the committee for the universities
do sit no more ;' which I take to be this committee here last
mentioned." And
* In an entry in the register of Jesus' college, it is said that Dr. Young
was turned out for not subscribing the covenant; but this is a mistake for the
engagement. f As it was likewise in Oxon ; but who they were that put it in execution
there, unless probably this same committee, does'not appear.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 231
And perhaps the reason of that vote might be, that to re
form those great and pernicious bodies still more effectually,
another set of visitors was then in view for each university :
this, at least, is certain, that a new commission' for visiting of
them, and of the schools of Westminster, Winchester, Mer
chant Taylors and Eton, (for malignancy was now to be
nipped in the earliest and most tender buds,) was set on foot
September 2, 1654, by an ordinance of the lord proteCtor
and his council, constituting and appointing the vice chan
cellor of each university for the time being, several heads
of houses, and fellows likewise, respectively in each, together
with the lord Say and Seal, and about twelve others for Ox
ford, and the lord Henry Cromwell, with about the like
number for Cambridge, " commissioners for the visiting —
all colleges and halls within the said universities ; and vest
ing them with the use and exercise of all and every the like '
powers, authorities and jurisdictions, as any person or per
sons hithertofore appointed visitors of either of the said
universities, or of any college or colleges, hall or halls,
within the same, or which any visitor or visitors now have,
or heretofore had, and lawfully used and exercised, by force
or virtue of any law, statute, ordinance, custom, commission,
patent, or foundation of any college or hall respectively :"
and in pursuit of these powers they were commanded, among
other things, to " examine what statutes of the said univer
sities, or of the said colleges and halls respectively, or what
of them were fit to be taken away, abrogated or altered, and
what is fit to be added — in matters of religion, manners,
discipline and exercises, and to exhibit the same to his high
ness and the parliament." But, in the meantime, a power
was given them to explain such statutes as were ambiguous
or obscure, and should be offered to them for their judge
ments ; and like powers were also granted them relating to
the schools before mentioned, and the colleges belonging to
those of Winchester and Eton, except that any four of
them might ad. in these matters, provided two were of each
university, for the school of Westminster ; but Winchester
and Merchant-Taylors' schools were wholly committed to
the care of the Oxford commissioners, and Eton to those
of Cambridge.
What was done in pursuit of those ample powers, equal
surely to all their wishes, is uncertain. Whether the pro
jeCt of reforming the statutes was at all undertaken, (and if
it was, no doubt one part of it was, that the exercises, as
P 4 well

232 THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION
well as the law proceedings, should be performed in "Eng
lish ;) or whether the several revolutions of government,
then so frequent, allowed them for apy time to supply the
places of the regular visitors, which the universities had been
deprived of so many years, and for want of which every
thing was in so much confusion, we cannot say : but surely
in this plenityde of power, including as well all the former
powers of the several new-fangled visitors of any kind, as
those given by the pious founders to their successors in their
several sees, or to others ; one might expeCt that the refor
mation should be at length thoroughly completed, and those
universities made a praise in all the earth : but however that
matter was, it is certain that some time in the foregoing
year, a much shorter and easier method was proposed in
Barebone's parliament for reforming the universities, which
was, in the military sense of the word, that they might be
broke, and " that all lands belonging to them and the col
leges in them might be sold, and the monies that should
arise thereby be disposed for the public service, and to ease
the people from the payment of taxes and contributions*."
But as God, in the unsearchable depths of his wisdom,
permitted these visitations to li0ht on this (and its sister)
university ; and as the many oatlis, protestations, covenants,
engagements, committees, commissioners, &c. under which
they had so long groaned, had brought them low to the
ground, even to the ground ; so was it now the season, wherein
he who alone bringeth up from the grave, as well as bringeth
down, is wont to stretch out his holy arm to save ; and this
he shortly after did in the dawnings of the restoration, at
which happy time the earl of Manchester was authorized by
the house of lords, as appears by his warrant for that pur
pose, to re-instate some of those whom he had long before
ejeCted ; which he accordingly did, particularly at Peter
house ; Mr. Barrow, June 20 ; Mr. Tyringham, July 30 ;
Mr. Bargrave, August 2 ; and Dr. Cosin, the ejeCted mas
ter, August 3, 1660 : as also Mr. Lacy of St. John's, the.
27th of the same month ; and probably many others both
of that and other houses. It is observable, that in several
of those warrants, the earl owns the gentlemen were " wrong
fully" put out of their fellowships ; which is much more in
telligible than another clause in some of them, which runs
thus ;
* Clarend. Hist. vol. iii. p, 378.

THE CAMBRIDGE VISITATION. 233
thus : " Whereas I am informed" that such or such an one
hath been ejeCted, &c. whilst his lordship himself was the
person who had ejeCted them. And if his memory would
not serve him tb recolleCt all the fellows that he had dis
possessed, certainly it couid not fail to remind him of Dr.
Cosin, whose great eminence, as well as his being the very
first man that he had expelled, could not but be sufficient
remembrancers ; and yet in the warrant for the doCfor!s re
storation, the same loose expression just mentioned is made
use of.

CAMBRIDGE

( 234 )

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY.

CATHARINE HALL.
Ralph Brownrigg, D. D. Mastership. See Exeter
Cathedral.
He was succeeded by Mr. Spurstow, who himself after
wards lost the mastership for refusing the engagement.
The list at the end of Querela saith, that not one besides
of this house was turned out ; but, Dr. Walker says, " I
am otherwise informed, that five of the six fellows of this
hall were dispossessed."

CLARE HALL.
Thomas Paske, D. D. Mastership, * Archdeaconry of Lon
don, Sub-deanry and Canonry in the 5th Preb. in the Church
of Canterbury ,• Prebend of Uskelfe, in the Church of T~urk ;
Hadham Magna R. -n Hertfordshire, and St. Mary Magda
len Bermondsey R. in Surry.
He was advanced to the mastership of this hall against
his will, says Lloyd : and it seems that he once also had the
tender of a bishoprick, which he refused. In 1623, he was
vice-chancellor of this university. Upon his ejeCtion from
this headship, he was succeeded by Mr. (after Dr.) Cudworth;
as Cudworth himself was, some time before the restoration,
by Dr, Theophilus Dillingham ; who having married a
daughter of Dr. Paske, the doCtor gave way to him in .1660 ;
upon which the society re-eleCted him, and he was continued
in the government of this hall. As for Dr. Paske's other
preferments, it is presumed that he was restored to them all.
Mr. JSfewcourt seems to intimate that they were only the
arch-
* Admitted to it about the year 1615, as we conjecture. Merc. Ruff. p. 105.
Querel. Cantab. Newc. Rep. Eccles. vol. i. p. 63, 832.

UNIVERSITY OE CAMBRIDGE. 235,
archdeaconry and the vicarage of Hendon. He lived but a
very short time to enjoy themj dying some time before the
22d of Septemher 1662. Hewas, as the Querela. Cantab.
gives his charaCter, a man eminent for learning, prudence,
judgment and piety ; and he bore his sufferings, some of
which he endured for eighteen years, with great cheerfulness.
And it will be thought no contemptible evidence of his great
worth, that three bishops, four privy-counsellors, two judges,
and three doCtors of physic, all of whom had been his.ptipils
in the university, came in one day to pay him a visit.
Barnabas Oley, B. D. Fellowship, and Great Gransden V.
in Huntingdonshire.
He had been proCtor of this university in the year 1635, and
was turned out of his fellowship April 8, 1644, as it was said,
for not residing, nor repairing to Cambridge according to sum
mons. But it will not be difficult to guess at the true reasons of
his sequestration, when it is known that he was the person who
had some time before headed the party which conveyed the
plate and money, collected in this university, to his majesty.
At the same time that he was turned out of his fellowship,
he was also plundered. As for his vicarage of Gransden, it was
not put under a formal sentence of sequestration, but the vicar
was so much harassed and threatened that he was forced to quit „
it. He was likewise " diligently and particularly sought for
by the rebels, who would willingly have gratified those that
would have been so base as to discover him. This he was
informed of, and of this he himself was so sensible, that he
was obliged to change his habit, and did constantly appear,
as is credibly reported, in a cloak and grey clothes. And
for almost seven years, as he himself declared to some per
sons, " he had not wherewith conveniently to support
himself." During some part of the wars, he was at Ponte-
fraCt Castle in Yorkshire, where, with some other loyal and
worthy clergymen, he preached to that garrison, whilst it
held out for his majesty. In 1660, he was restored both to
his fellowship and vicarage. A prebend in the church of
Worcester, and the archdeaconry of Ely, were conferred
upon him ; but the last of these preferments he resigned,
because " out of his great humility, he thought himself not
sufficient to discharge the duty of it. " If I do not mistake,"
says Walker, " some informations which I have received,
he had the proffer made him of a bishopric ; or at least
might have obtained one, would he have sought after it." He
died

935 CLARE HALL,
died' February 20, 1685-6. He was a very learned man, a
profound divine, and a person as eminent for his piety and
charity as any man in the church of England. He gave 1001.
to King's college in this university ; built a good' house on
the vicarage of Gransden, and a school there ; left part of
his estate for the * augmentation of poor vicarages,_ and part
bf his books to the successive vicars of North Grimston in
Yorkshire. But he was a more especial f benefaCtor to this
hall when it was rebuilt ; in the inspection of which work,
and procuring benefactions towards it, his applications were
extraordinary. In a word, a $ very learned and excellent
man, who personally knew him, hath assured the world,
that he was a saint-like man.
He published Di . Jackson's Works, and Mr. Herbert's Country
Parson i. and prefixed Prpfaces of his own to them.
 Carter, B. D. Fellowship.
He was ejeCted April 8, 1644, and succeeded by one
Eowler.
Beter GUNNING, A. M. Fellowship, and Little St. Mary's,
in Cambridge.
Some time during the troubles, he obtained a right to the
reCtories of Cotesmore in Rutland, and Stoke-Brewen in
Northamptonshire ; but was kept out of them both till the
•restoration. He was son to Peter Gunning, minister of How in Kent,
born there in the year 1613, educated in the free school at
Canterbury, and entered of this hall under Mr. Barnabas
Oley, mentioned above, and being taken notice of by the
whole university for his extraordinary parts and indefatigable
industry, soon became fellow of the house. Upon the break
ing out of the rebellion, he was very zealous in the cause of
his majesty and the church, and always opposed the faCtion
to the utmost of his power ; and with a great deal of argu
ment Mild vehemence, pressed the university, in a sermon at
St. Mary's, to publish a protestation against the covenant,
which was accordingly done. On which account he be
came in a particular manner the objeCt of their fury: and
whilst he was with his mother, then become a widow, in
Kent,
* Dr. Kennet's Case of Impropriations, p. 288, 289.
f He gave also iool. to St. Paul's.
\ Life of Dr. William Hopkins, prefixed to his Sermons, p. 13,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 237
Kent, " he was. hunted about, and forced to lie in woods;
and at length was imprisoned, for having assisted some forces
belonging to the king at Tunbridge, with the charity he
had moved a neighbouring congregation to, by two ser
mons *." After this he was summoned to Cambridge, to
take the covenant ; which peremptorily refusing to do, he
was dispossessed of his fellowship, and succeeded in it by
David Clarkson ; as Clarkson himself afterwards was by his
pupil John Tillotson, then A. B. and afterwards archbishop
of Canterbury. Upon this Mr. Gunning was forced to quit
Cambridge ; but before his departure, he, together with
Mr. Barrow, Mr. Ward, Mr. Barwick, and some others,
drew up a well-penned and resolute treatise against the co
venant, which was afterwards published. In 1644, he be
took himself, with his friend Mr. Barrow, to his majesty's
head-quarters at Oxford ; where the generous Dr. Pink,
then warden of New-college, made them both chaplains Of
his house, to subsist them. About the same time Mr. Gun
ning became curate also of the little vicarage of Cassington
near Oxford ; at which place, for about the space of "two
years, " he endured several affronts and abuses by the par
liamentarian soldiers, either by interrupting him with base
language, or by pulling him out of the church." He some
times also preached before his majesty and the court, then-
at Oxford ; for which he was admitted to his bachelor of
divinity's deyee, the day before the surrender of that place
to the parliament. After this he became tutor to Christo
pher lord Hatton as also to Sir Francis Compton, and in
stilled into both most excellent principles of loyalty. After
this, he was chaplain to Sir Robert Shirley ; who, as a
reward for his great worth and learning, discovered mor,e
particularly in the silencing a popish priest, with whom he
had two or three set disputations, settled, on him a pension
of one hundred pounds per annum for life : hut his patron
being imprisoned in the Tower for his loyalty, and dying
there, Mr. Gunning collected a congregation in the chapel
at Exeter-house, where, by bis reading the English Liturgy,
preaching, &c. he asserted the cause of the Church of Eng
land with great pains and courage when the parliament was
most predominant : this occasioned his being often sent for,
and reproved by Oliver ; because great numbers of people
flocked to hear him. Besides which, he would also, " on
the
* Wood. Ath.

238 CLARE HALL,
the week days, look out all sorts of seCtaries, and dispute
with them openly in their own congregations. Nor was
there any considerable seCt, whether presbyterian, indepen
dent, anabaptist, quaker, brownist, socinian, &c. but that he
field with them, some time or other, a set and public dispu
tation in defence of the Church of England." After the
restoration he became prebendary of Canterbury, D. D.
master of Corpus Christi college in this university, and soon
after master of St. John's ; Margaret-professor, and upon the
removal of Dr. Tuckney, regius professor of divinity, to
whom, however, he allowed an hundred pounds a year ; which
aCt of his, says Wood, " being excellent and singular, is
here remembered to his everlasting fame, and the rather for
this reason, that no presbyterian or independent was ever
known to allow any loyalist, whose places they had occupied
for several years, the least farthing ; but rather rejected and
avoided them, vilified, scorned, and exposed them to the
plebeians, as empty, formal, and starched nothings. These
things 1 have known and do remember them as done in
this university, and the like without all doubt was used at
Cambridge ; and yet sO it is, that some ofthe dregs of these
men that yet remain among us, have not been content with
the king's clemency to keep their places to this day, but
take all occasions, upon the least interruption in the nation,
to breed faCtion among us, jealousies in the people of the
violent coming in of popery, make continual clamours after
preferment, as if they had desired it as well as sufferers, and
I know not what." Upon the death of Dr. Henry King, he.
was promoted to the see of Chichester, and consecrated on
the sixth of March 1669. In 1674, he was translated to
that of Ely, with a particular acknowledgment from his ma
jesty, of his steadiness to the church, having kept up the
face thereof in the worst of times, in possession of which
see he died in 1684 *- He was a man of great learning, a
profound divine, and much admired by men of letters, as
well Foreigners as Englishmen. He was such a constant
preacher whilst he continued in Cambridge, " and looked
upon as so unblameable in his life and praCtice, that his ad
versaries were sorry they could not fasten the least spot on
him." He was also a person of a most diffusive charity ;
" for what he had not spent in his life-time, by supplying
Scholars at Cambridge, by his large endowments, and boun tiful
* He was the principal disputant on the Episcopal side in the famous Savoy
Conference.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 239
tiful benefaCtions in that place, by his great sums laid out in
his sees, as well as formerly on his livings, by his daily re
lieving, at his door, and from his table, all sorts of indigent
and distressed persons, and by privately supplying others
with a plentiful hand, he disposed of by his last will and
testament, to be laid out for the augmentation of poor vi
carages. In a word, he was " wholly addicted to his studies
and the service of God ; and had made preaching, and do
ing all the. good offices- proper to a bishop, so miich his de
light, that, according to the usual saying, he died in his call
ing." He gave 5001. towards the rebuilding of St. Paul's,
and his library to St. John's college.
Works. — 1. A Contention for the Truth, in two, public dispu
tations in fhe church of Sr. Clements Danes, without Ternple Bar,
on the igth and 26rh of November l6.r>7, between Mr. Gunning
and Mr. Henry Denn, concerning the Baptism of Infants. Lon
don, I6.i8.
2. Schism unmasked.
3. View and Corrections of the Common Prayer, 1662.
4. The Paschal or Lent Fast, apostolical and perpetual. Lon
don, 1662, 4to.
5. Appendix containing an Answer to the late printed Objec
tions of the Presbyterians against the Fast of Lent, printed with
the same book. John Heavers, A. M. Fellowship.
He lived to be restored in 1660, became D. D. canon of
Windsor, fellow of Eton college, and died in 1670 ; was a be
nefaCtor to this hall, and a man of great learning, piety,
liberality, and charity.
 Fabian, A. M. Fellowship.
What became of him afterwards, is uncertain.
..  Hickman, A. M. Fellowship.  BinG, A. M.
Fellowship, iifterward D. D.
 Potter, A. M. Fellowship.

He was afterwards D. D. and therefore he survived the
-restoration. He was succeeded by one Holcroft, an inde
pendent ; who was one of the first that gathered a congre
gation of that kind in . Cambridge, (and at last unhappily
died distraCted,) which seems to lay some foundation for a
xonjeCture, that Dr. Potter might be ejeCted by the indepen
dents, on the score of the engagement.
• CORPUS

( 240 )

CORPUS CHRISTI (or BENE'T) COLLEGE.
Dr. Love, . Master of this College.
He continued in possession doubtless by making a timely
submission to the usurpers.
Robert Tunstall, B. D. Fellowship.
He was ejeCted April 8, 1644, and succeeded by Richard
Kennett, a native of the county of Kent. This man was
recommended by archbishop Laud to the society of this col
lege for a scholarship, in 1640 ; notwithstanding which, he
sided with the presbyterians, was approved by the assembly
of divines, and chosen to this fellowship, but was afterwards
turned out again when the independents got into power.
Mr. Tunstall was a native of Lincolnshire, and it seems was
taxor of this college in 1626. The earl of Manchester, who
put him out of his fellowship, was obliged to re-instate him
again at the restoration, the warrant for which is as follows :
" Whereas Robert Tunstall, baccalau're in divinit-y, and senior
fellow of Corpus Christi college in Cambridge, hath been put
out of his fellowship : these are, by virtue of an authority
given to me by the lords assembled in parliament, to require
you, upon sight hereof, to restore him to his said fellowship
and seniority therein, by the removal of the same person
who was immediately put in his place, if he yet remains one
of the fellows of the said college ; but if not, then of the
junior fellow : from thenceforth to enjoy all profits, rights
and privileges, and advantages thereunto belonging, unless
you shall shew me just cause to the contrary within ten
days after your receipt hereof. Given under my hand the
17th day of August 1660, in the 12th year of the reigne
of our sovereigne lorde the king.
E. Manchester."
*' To the Master and Fellows of Corpus
Christi College, in Cambridge''
Edward Palgrave, B. D. Fellowship.
He was a native of the county of Norfolk, and was de->
prived on the same day with Mr. Tunstall, being succeeded,
July 25, 1644, by Daniel Johnson, who was afterwards de
prived of this fellowship by the independents, on account of
the engagement.
Thomas

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 241
Thomas Briggs, A. M. Fellowship.
He was likewise a native of the county of Norfolk, and,
January 14, 1644, was succeeded by John Fairfax, who
afterwards lost this fellowship for refusing the engagement,
and in 1662 was ejeCted from the living of Barking in Suf
folk for non-conformity.

CHRIST'S COLLEGE.

The master of this house, at the time of the visitatiorij
was Dr. Bambridge, who was not ejeCted, but died, and Mr.
Bolton was chosen into his place.
William Power, B. D. Fellowship, and the Lady
Margaret' s Preachership.
He was not only ejeCted, but grossly abused by the rabble
and soldiers, as he was going to ¦ preach arf clerum, according
to his ofiice, the day before the term ; at which time " he
was furiously pursued over the market-place by a confused
number of soldiers, who in a barbarous uncivil manner
cried out A Pope, a Pope ! and vowed high revenge if he of
fered to go into the pulpit *." Whereupon the church was
immediately filled with great multitudes ; and when some
who accompanied the preacher told them it was only a
University Exercise, which by the statute "was to be per
formed in Latin, they replied, they knew no reason why
all sermons should not be preached in English, that all might
be edified ; threatening, at the same time, to tear the hoods
and habits which the graduates then wore according to the
statutes. And lest this should be looked upon as no other
than a tumultuous outrage of the ignorant and undisciplined
soldiers, it must be known, that when complaint was made
of it to the general, (Cromwell,) no manner of remedy could
be obtained, and Mr. Power was forced to return without
performing the duty of his office, and glad he could escape
so. However, though he lost his fellowship, it appears that
he was allowed to keep the preacher's place, either by conni-
vol. 1. Q, vance
» Querei. Cantab, p. io, ii.

242 CHRIST'S COLLEGE,
vance or new elections, till the year 1646, and received the
salary for it up to that time *.
 Norton, A. M. Fellowship.
He was ejeCted by a warrant from the earl of Manchester,
April 8, 1644.
 Huntley, A. M. Fellowship, and Burwell V. in
Cambridgeshire.
If I mistake not, (says Dr. Walker,) he lost the vicarage
as well as his fellowship.
William Brearley, A. M. Fellowship.
He hath a copy of verses in some of the Cambridge poems,
and was taxor in the year 1641.
 Tonstall, A. M. Fellowship.
He was living in 1706, and was beneficed in Lincoln
shire. Besides the above, Dr. Walker barely mentions the fol
lowing persons as sufferers of this college : Potts, Wild-
net (or Wilding), Bambridge, Matthews, and Wood,

EMANUEL COLLEGE.
Richard Holdsworth, D.D. Mastership.
In 1642, he was vice chancellor of this university, and for
the share he had in sending the plate to his majesty, was
seized by Cromwell and conveyed to London, where he was
imprisoned first in Ely-house, and afterwards in the Tower.
He was a great favourite of King Charles I. who gave him
the deanry of Worcester, in the account of wliich cathedral
the reader will find farther particulars of him.
He was succeeded in the mastership by Dr. Anthony'
Tuckney.
Robert:
* Catalogue of Lady Margaret's Preachers, prefixed to her Funeral Ser..
rnpn, published in 1708.

IM THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 243
Robert Soresby, B. D. Fellowship.
He Was a native of Yorkshire, but no farther particulars
iare related of him.
William Sancroft,  . Fellowship.
This most excellent and conscientious prelate was born at
Fresingfield in Suffolk, January 30, 1616. He had his edu
cation in the grammar-school of St. Edmundsbury, and,
while a youth, was remarkable for his piety and great pro
gress in learning. On attaining his eighteenth year, he was
removed to this college, and took his degree of A. B. in 1637,
and that of master in 1641. The year following he was
eleCted fellow of this college. His accomplishments in all
human literature became surprising ; for he Was not only
master of the whole circle of the sciences, but also an excel
lent critic, and perfectly well versed in poetry and history :
all which knowledge was free from vanity and ostentation,
a qualification not always found among the learned *. In
1648, he took the degree of B.D. It is supposed that he
never took the covenant, and yet it is certain he continued
unmolested in his fellowship till the engagement was passed
upon him in 1 649, when, for his refusing to take it, he was.
ejeCted. On this he went abroad, where he prosecuted his
studies with indefatigable diligence, and became intimately
acquainted with the most eminent of the loyal exiles, by
whom he was greatly beloved for the singular modesty and
affability of his temper, as well as for his great attainments in
all kinds of learning. About the beginning of. the restora
tion, he returned to his native country : the same year he
was chosen one of the university preachers ; and soon after
Dr. Cosin, who had known him abroad, being promoted to
the bishoprick of Durham, appointed him his chaplain,
gave him the reCtory of Houghton le Spring, in the county
of Durham, and the ninth prebend in that cathedral. In
1661, he assisted in reviewing the Liturgy, particularly in
rectifying the calendar and rubrick. By virtue of the king's
commendatory letters to the university of Cambridge; the
same year he was created D. D. and not long after he was cho
sen master of this college, which he governed with great pru
dence, and the most obliging deportment to every one of its
members. In the beginning of 1664, he was promoted to
Q2 the
* His Life prefixed to his Sermon9, 8vo, p, i%.

244 EMANUEL COLLEGE,
the deanry of York, and in ten months afterwards was re
moved to that of St. Paul's ; in consequence of wliich he
resigned his mastership and the reCtory of Houghton. On
his coming to St. Paul's, he set himself with unwearied dili
gence to repair the sad breaches which had been made in
that venerable -edifice, by the frantic zeal of the pretended
reformers. And after the dreadful fire in 1666, he gave
14001. towards rebuilding it, besides what he procured by his
interest and assiduous solicitations and endeavours. He also
rebuilt the deanry, and improved the revenues belonging
thereto. In OCtober 1668, he was admitted archdeacon of
Canterbury on the king's presentation, which dignity he
resigned in 1670. He was also prolocutor of the lower house
of convocation, and in that station he was, when king
Charles if. advanced him unexpectedly, and without the
least inclination of his own, to the archiepiscopal see of
Canterbury, to which he was consecrated January 27,
1677-8. He behaved in this high station with singular pru
dence and integrity, though the times that ensued were
most difficult and critical : and it was reckoned a great
happiness for the church of England, that in the furious
attacks made upon her in the latter years of king Charles II.
and the whole reign of James II. she had so steady a. pilot
at the helm. His large revenues he did not waste or hoard,
but bestowed them prudently and liberally in hospitality and
charity ; and in the distribution of preferments he aCted with
the greatest judgment, always giving the preference to such
men as were distinguished by their piety, learning, and zeal
for the. church.
On the 23d of August 1678, he published some excellent
Directions to the Clergy, concerning Letters Testimonial
to Candidates for Holy Orders. He attended king Charles II.
when he was upon his death-bed, and made a very serious
exhortation to him, in which he used a good degree of free
dom, which he said was necessary, since his majesty was go
ing to be judged by one who was no respeCter of persons.
In 1686, he was named the first in king James the Second's
commission for ecclesiastical affairs ; but he refused to aCt
in it : which behaviour of his, though so highly to his
honour, is yet made an article of reflection against him by
bishop Burnet, who .takes every occasion to blacken the
¦charaCter of this good archbishop, for not being as great a
latitudinarian as himself. About the same time his Grace
suspended Dr. Wood, bishop of Litchfield and Coventry,
7 for,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 245
for residing out of, and negleCting his diocese ; another in
stance of his great care and concern for the church, and
sufficient to vindicate his memory from the foul aspersions
which certain writers have cast upon it. As one of the go
vernors of the Charter-house he refused to admit Andrew
Popham, a papist, upon that foundation, though the man
came with a royal mandate ; and this is another proof that
the archbishop was not, what the author just alluded to
says he was, " a mere tool of the court." But one of the
greatest aCtions of his life, was his going with six of his bre
thren, in 1688, with a petition to the king, stating their rea
sons why they could not cause his declaration fur liberty of
conscience to be read in churches. For this petition, which
the court called a libel, they were committed to the Tower,
and being tried for a misdemeanour the 29th of June, were
acquitted, to the great joy of the nation. This year the
archbishop projected a comprehension with the dissenters,
in which he had the concurrence of some other excellent
prelates of the church, particularly bishop Patrick. On the
3d of OCtober, accompanied by eight of his brethren the
bishops, he waited upon the king, who had requested their
advice in the great exigence of his affairs. Among other
counsels which these pious prelates gave his majesty, were
these; — to annul the ecclesiastical commission; to desist from
the exercise of a dispensing power ; to supersede all further
prosecutions of Ishio warranto' s, and to call a free and regular
parliament. A few days after, though earnestly pressed by
the king, he refused to sign a declaration of his abhorrence of
the prince of Orange's invasion. The 12th of December
on king James's withdrawing himself, he concurred with the
lords assembled at Guildhall, in a declaration to the prince
of Orange, for a free parliament, security of our laws, liber
ties and properties, and of the church of England, in parlia
ment ; with a due liberty to protestant dissenters.
But after the revolution, the. archbishop could not do such
violence to his conscience as to swear an oath of allegiance
tp another sovereign while James II. lived, to whom he had
sworn fidelity and done homage.
For this refusal he v/as, with seven other conscientious
prelates, by an aCt of parliament made April 24, 1689, sus
pended and deprived, to the great injury of the church of'
England, which has never recovered from the evil conse
quences ofthe measure to this day.
Q 3 Ik

246 EMANUEL COLLEGE,
He continued at Lambeth, however, till June 23, 1691,
when, by a process in the court of Exchequer, he was ejeCted ;
and then he retired to his native place, where he spent the
remainder of his days in a cheerful and peaceable retirement.
He suffered his remove from his possessions and preferments,
with greater satisfaction and cheerfulness than any man
could take them. It was a smart answer that he gave, to a
person speaking to him concerning the revolution, and what
were likely to be the effeCts of it: "Well," saith he smiling,
*' I can live upon fifty pounds a year," meaning his paternal
inheritance ; and thereby intimating, how little the loss of
all the rest would affeCt him, and what an inconsiderable
inducement the highest station of the church was to mislead
him, and to pervert his conscience. He had no pride, anlr
bition, covetousness, or luxury, to maintain ; and conse?-
quently was secure against all assaults that could come from
those quarters. When a man hath once brought himself to
that pass that he cannot live under so much by the year,
whenever such a posture of affairs happens that he cannot
honestly keep his integrity and income too, he is in great
danger of turning to the left hand, of distrusting Providence,
and starving his conscience to keep warm his back and
belly *."
This truly excellent man, who had endured, gloriously to
himself, two opposite kinds of persecution, died of an inter
mitting fever at Fresingfield, November 24, 1693 ; and, agreer
ably to his own directions, was interred privately in the
church-yard of that parish ; a tombstone with the following
modest inscription, written by himself, being afterwards
placed over his grave :
On the Right Side ofthe Tomb :
P. M. S.
" Leftor, Wilhelmi nuper Archi-Prcesulis
Qui natus in vicinia,
Quod morti cecidit, propter hunc murum jacet,
Atqui resurget. Tu interim
Semper paratus eslo, nam qua. non putas
Venturus hora Dominus est.
Obiit Nov. 24, An. (^t;D°m-T^rf:,1,11' \,iktat, sua; LXXVIJ."
On
* Vide a' letter from Suffolk to a Friend in London, giving some account
of the last sickness and death of Br. William Sancroft, late lord archbishop of
• .CantejlHirjr, 1697, 4to.

un

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 247
On the Left Side:
" William Sancroft, born in this parish, afterward by the
Providence of God Archbishop of Canterbury, at last deprived of
all, which he could not keep with a good conscience, returned hi
ther to end his life, and professeth here at the foot of his tomb,
that as naked he came forth, so naked he must return ; the Lord
gave, and the Lord hath taken a-iuay, (as the Lord pleases, so come
tilings to pass ;) Blessed be the name of the Lord!"
Over the Head of his Effigy :
" St. Matth. 24. v. 2/.
" As the lightning cometh out of the East, and shineth even
to the West, so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be."
What bishop Burnet says of him, is scarcely deserving
further notice ; for every one knows how the mind of that
prelate was biassed against all who were not of his own no
tions, and that he scrupled not to relate any thing to their
disadvantage, however false or improbable. A writer who
knew the bishop well, says of him, " That he had all the
virtues and qualifications both of a great and of a good man ;
that he was a wise prelate, a most learned divine, a univer
sal scholar, a just man, a faithful friend, an excellent coun
sellor, a kind and tender master to his servants, a great be
nefaCtor to others, a thankful beneficiary where he was
obliged, himself a zealous asserter of his religion, against
popery on the one side, and fanaticism on the other; and, in
short, all the single perfections that make many men emi
nent, were united in this prelate, and rendered himself illus
trious *."
The writer of his Life, in the Biographia Britannica, con
cisely but most justly observes, that " he certainly gave the
strongest instance possible of sincerity, in sacrificing the
highest dignities,, and other the greatest advantages, to what
he thought truth and honesty." And of his sincerity an4
candour, the following anecdote is a striking proof — One
of his former chaplains, Mr. Needham, visiting him in Sep
tember 1693, a few weeks before his death, found him
much weakened by sickness, and confined to his bed. He
then gave Mr. Needham his blessing very affectionately,
and, after some other talk, said thus to him : " You and I
Q 4 have
* Life prefixed to his Sermons, p. %<).

248 EMANUEL COLLEGE,
have gone different ways in these late affairs ! but I trust
Heaven's gates are wide enough to receive us both ; what I
have done, I have done in the integrity of my heart." Upon
Mr. Needham's modest attempt to give an account of his
own conduCt, his Grace was pleased to reply, " I always took
you for an honest man ; what I said concerning myself, was
only to let you know, that what I have done, I have done
in the integrity of my heart, indeed in the great integrity of
my heart."
His benefaCtions in his life-time amounted to eighteen
thousand pounds, and at his death he left some large dona
tions to charitable purposes of various descriptions.
Works. — 1. Fur Prasdestinatus, sive Dialogismus inter quen-
dam Ordinis Praedicantium Calvinistam & Furem ad laqueum dam-
natum habitus. In quo ad vivum repraesentantur non tantum quo,
modo Calvinistarum Dogmata ex seipsis ansam prasbent scelera 8c
impietates quasvis patrandi, sed insuper quomodo eadem maxime
impediunt quo minus peccatur ad vita? emendationem & resipiscen-
tiam reduci possit. London, 1651, 12mo.
2. A Sermon preached in St. Peter's Westminster, on the first
Sunday in Advent 1 600, at the Consecration of the Right Reve
rend Father in God, John (Cosin) Lord Bishop of Durham, Wil
liam (Lucy) Lord Bishop of St. David's, Benjamin (Laney)
Lord Bishop of Peterborough, Hugh (Lloyd) Lord Bishop of
Llandaff, Richard (Sterne) Lord Bishop of Carlisle, Brian (Wal
ter) Lord Bishop of Chester, and John (Gauden) Lord Bishop of
Exeter. London, 1660, 4to.
3. Lex Ignea, or the School of Righteousness ; a sermon preached
before the king, OCtober 10, 1666, at the solemn Fast appointed
for the late fire in London. Published by his majesty's special
command. London, l 666, 4to.
4. A Sermon preached to the House of Peers, November 13,
1678 ; being the Fast-day appointed by the King to implore the
mercies of Almighty God, in the protection of his majesty's sacred
person, and his kingdoms. London, 1678, 4to. These discourses
were reprinted together in 169S, Svo.
5. Modern Politicks taken from Machiavel, Borgia, and othe»
modern authors, by an eye witness, 12mo. 1652.
6. Nineteen Letters to Mr. North, published in 1757, Svo.
He also published Bishop Andrews's Defence of the Vulgar Trans
lation of the Bible, with a Preface of his own : and he drew up
the Offices for January so, and May 20. His Grace left behind
him a vast quantity of papers in MS', which, on the decease of his
nephew, were sold to bishop Tanner for eighty guineas, who gave
them, with the rest of his MSS. to the Bodleian Library.
Dr."

IN THE UNIVER SITY OE C AMBRID GE. 2 19
Dr. Walker says, that " he also found Mr. Holbech, Mr.
Hall, and Mr. Wright, pronounced Non Socii by the House of
Commons in 1643, for being superannuated :" consequently,
(as he observes) if that sentence had no more of justice in it
than most of the rest of their votes and resolutions had,
these gentlemen ought to be looked on and inserted as ejeCted
fellows of diis house. The first of these persons occurs in
the county of Essex, where there will be a further account
of him. The second was called Ezekiel, was born at Den-
nington in Suffolk, became B. D. reCtor of Thurcaston in
Leicestershire, and was father of the lord keeper Wright.
The last of them was the same with the sequestered reCtor of
Loughborough in Leicestershire, where other particulars
will be found of him.

GONVIL AND CAIUS COLLEGE.
Thomas Bachcraft, D. D. Mastership.
He had not been dispossessed when the Querela was pulv
lished : however, by the copy of a letter from the earl of Man
chester to the sequestrators for the county of Cambridge,
bearing date the first of January 1643, we are informed,
that Dr. Bachcraft's estate, in Milton, had been put under
sequestration, which that earl requested the sequestrators to
release. What effeCt the letter had, we know not : this is
certain, that some of his, goods also had been plundered,
which he redeemed again for twenty pounds, as appears by
the receipt for that money, dated Feb. 25, 1644. About
the same time also, (which was when this university was un
der reformation,) Dr. Bachcraft was under sentence of se
questration from this headship ; but by some means or other
made a shift to continue in possession of it until the year
1649. Tor, by the original order of the committee of in
demnity, bearing date the 13th of April that year, hewas
not then first under prosecution ; but the order of that com
mittee, whereby he was at that time dispossessed, is thus
grounded : that it did appear to them, " upon serious con
sideration had of the matters alleged on both sides, that the
said Dr. Bachcraft had been sequestered by ordinance of
parliament,

250 GONVIL AND CAIUS COLLEGE,
parliament, for his sending money to the aid and assistance of
the late king against the parliament, and hath otherwise ex
pressed his dissatisfaction to the parliament." For which the
committee then ordered, and adjudged him to be discharged
from the mastership, &c. From which it is manifest, that
he was turned out as a loyalist, and so plainly belongs to this
list. The person who succeeded in the headship, was one
Dell, an army chaplain, of whom Mr. Baxter gives this cha
racter, that he was, in his opinion, a person who neither un
derstood himself, nor was understood by others, any farther
than to be one " who took reason, sound doCtrine, order,
and concord, to be the intolerable maladies of church and
state; because, they were the greatest strangers to his mind."
But, to return to Dr. Bachcraft, it must not be concealed that
he had but too much complied with the times, which pro
bably might be one, if not the chief reason, of his keeping so
long in possession of the mastership. For when his case lay
before the committee of indemnity, he obtained a certificate
from some of the leading men of the times, some of whom
had succeeded in the places of ejeCted loyalists, wherein they
assure the committee of Dr. Bachcraft's affection to the par
liament, and particularly of his having been formerly an op-
poser of all innovations ; of his refusing to send any of the
college-plate to his majesty, and of his contributing large ¦
sums of money to the parliament. They likewise gave him
the charaCter of a person of great honesty and integrity, and
of a most pious, grave, and upright conversation.
 Salter, A. M. Fellowship.
The original instrument for his ejeCtion by the earl of
Manchester, is now before me, says Dr. Walker : " I see it
was a common form, which in all probability the clerks had
always ready by them. And Mr. Salter's name being in a
different hand from that of his successor's, which is in the
hand of the form, one would be tempted to think, that any
fellow who could procure a blank from the earl, (or per
chance the secretary, for a sum of money,) might go to
Cambridge himself, insert whose name he pleased in the
vacancy, and so turn him out, and possess the place."
His successor was one Alexander Gibson, who was exa
mined and approved by the assembly at Westminster, pur
suant to a power lodged in them, for such purposes. Nor
must it be omitted, that this Gibson was a Scotchman, and
consequently thrust upon the college, in manifest contra-
8 diCtioo.

IN THE .UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 251
diCtion of the statutes, which admit of none but natives of
the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. This instrument for
the ejeCtion of Mr. Salter, bears date Feb. 15, 1644.
Richard London, A. M. Fellowship.
He was at that time absent upon a travelling fellowship.
Richard Watson, A. M. Fellowship, and Mastership ofthe
Free- School in Cambridge.
Being a most zealous man for the church of England,
in 1642, he preached a sermon at St. Mary's, concerning
Schism, which gave such offence to the puritans, that when
the reformation of this university came on, they took care to
dispossess him of both his fellowship and school. After
which, to avoid their barbarities, he flt-d into France, where
he was patronised by Sir Richard Brown, and was one of
those English divines who entered into many disputations
with the Romanists concerning the Visibility of the Church.
He was some time also chaplain to Lord Hopeton. In
1661 he returned to England, and became chaplain to fhe
duke of York in 1662, doCtor of divinity in 1666, reCtor
of Pewsey in Wiltshire, prebendary, first of Warminster,
and then ofBitton, inthe church of Salisbury, in 1671;
and died in 1684. He was a learned man, but vain and
conceited. Being a most zealous favourer of the church of
England, the party prosecuted him accordingly, insomuch
that he was accounted one of the chief sufferers of the Eng
lish clergy beyond the seas,
He published —
1. Historical Collections of Ecclesiastical Affairs in Scotland,
and Political Creed to them. Lond. 1657, 8vo.
2. The Royal Votary laving down sword and shield to take up
prayer and patience ; the devout practice of king Charles I. in his
folitudes and sufferings, in part metrically paraphrased, 166 1.
3. ErFata Regalia: Aphorisms divine, moral, political; scat
tered in the books, speeches, letters, &c.
4. Three Dissertations concerning the Scotch Discipline.
5. The Right Rev. Dr. John Cosin (late lord bishop of Dur
ham,) his opinion (when dean of Peterborough, and in exile), for
communicating rather with Geneva than Rome, &c.
6. Epistolares Diatribae una de fide rationali, altera de gratia
palutari, 1661, 1 2mo.
7. De Voluntate ab ultimo diftamine intellecfus liberata bre-
,¥}§5, dissertatio sive epistola, &c,
Charles

%52 GONVIL AND CAIUS COLLEGE,
Charles Scarborough, A. M. Fellowship.
After his ejeCtion from this college* he retired to Oxford,
where he was created M. D. the 23d of June 1646. In the
chancellor's letters for which purpose, it is said that he was
spoiled of his library in the beginning of these troubles, and
afterwards, for his conscience, deprived of his fellowship.
At the same time also he had a testimonial from the great
Dr. Harvey, of his being well skilled in physic, philosophy,
and mathematics. He resided at that time in Merton Col
lege, where he assisted the learned Dr. Harvey, then warden
of that house, in writing his book De Generatione Ani-
malium. Afterwards he becamet celebrated for his great
learning and skill in anatomy, one of the college of physi
cians, principal physician to his majesty king Charles II.
(who knighted him,) and to the duke of York, in whose
service he continued after that prince came to the throne.
He was also physician to the Tower, and at length to his
majesty king William. He was the first that introduced
geometrical and mathematical speculations into anatomy,
and applied them well in his famous leCtures on the muscles
of human bodies, delivered for sixteen or seventeen years
successively in the- public theatre at Surgeons' Hall. He was
alsp admirably well skilled in the mathematics ; upon which
account he received this charaCter from the famous Mr.
Oughtred, ' Suavissimis moribus perspicatissimoque ingenio
vir ; cujus tanta est in mathesi solertia, et supra fidem felix
tenaxque memoria ; ut omnes Euclidis, Archimedis, alio-
rumque nonnullorum ex antiquis, propositiones recitare or
dine, et in usum proferre, potis sit, &c.'
Works. — 1. Syllabus Musculorum. 2. Trigonometry, 4to.
8. The Grammar of the famous William Lilye methodized.
Anthony Halliburton, A. M. Fellowship.
He hath a copy of verses extant in some of the Cam
bridge poems.  Colebrand, A. M. Fellowship.
One Richard Colebrand of this university, was, in the
year 1660, dean and reCtor of Bocking in Essex ; Septem
ber 22, 1673, he was made a prebendary of Westminster,
and died the year following.
 Buxton, A. M. Fellowship.
One William Buxton of this house, and doubtless the
same person with this sufferer, was taxor in 1639.  Pic-

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 25S
 Pickarel, A. M. Fellowship.

Robert Sherringham, A. M. Fellowship.
His name does not occur in the list at the end of the Que
rela ; but Wood says, he was ejeCted, or at least left his fel
lowship, in 1643. But that is certainly a mistake, for we
find him proCtor cf this university in 1644 ; and that his
quitting the college was in effeCt, though not in form, an
ejeCtion, appears beyond contradiction, by his being restored
in 1660.
He was, as Wood thinks, a native of the county of Cam
bridge. When he quitted the university, he retired first to
London, and thence to Holland, where he taught the He
brew and Arabic tongues. Afterwards he was re-instated in
his fellowship, and lived in a very retired and studious man
ner; and died in the College in 1677. He was a most ex
cellent linguist, especially for the Oriental and Gothic lan
guages ; and admirably well versed in the original antiqui
ties of the English nation, which fully appears in his book
De Anglorum Gentis Origine Disceptatio, &c. 1670, 8vo.
He translated from Hebrew into Latin, with' an illustration
by commentaries, a Talmud book called Joma, which
treats of Sacrifices, Lon. 1648, 4to. And he published two
Sermons preached at St. Marj's Camb. 1647 : also, The
King's Supremacy asserted, 1660.

JESUS' COLLEGE.
Richard Sterne, D. D. Mastership, and Teovilton R. in
Somersetshire.
This most worthy and loyal person was born at Mansfiefd
in Nottinghamshire, but descended from a Suffolk family.
He had been scholar of Trinity college, and fellow of
Christ's, or Corpus Christi, (we are not certain which,) in
this university. Upon the breaking out of the rebellion, he
was very aCtive in sending the Cambridge plate to his ma
jesty ; for which he, together with Dr. Beale master of St.
John's, and Dr. Martin master of Queen's, were seized by'
CromwelL,

§54 ' JESUS' COLLEGE,
Cromwell, who, with some parties of soldiers, had suf-s
rounded the several chapels, whilst the scholars were at
prayers, seized and " carried in triumph to London ; and
though there was an express order from the Lords House
for their imprisonment in the Tower, which order met theni
at Tottenham High Cross, yet were they led captive
through Bartholomew-fair, and as far as Temple-bar, and
back through the city to be imprisoned, on purpose that
they might be hooted at, or stoned by the rabble. Since
which time, now above three years together, (says an account
hereof then written,) they have been hurried up and down
from one prison to another, at excessive and unreasonable
charges and fees, exaCted from them, far beyond their abili
ties to defray ; having all their goods plundered, and their
masterships and livings taken from them, which should pre
serve them from famishing. And though in all this time
there was never any accusation brought, much less proved
against any of them, yet have they suffered intolerable im
prisonment ever since, both by land and water ; especially
that in the ship, where, for ten days together, they, with
many other gentlemen of the same rank, were kept under
deck, without liberty to come to breathe in the common
air, except at the courtesy of the rude sailors, which often
times they denied them : in which condition they were more
like galley slaves than free-born subjeCts, though men of such
quality and condition. Besides this, there are some other
circumstances which rendered the usage of Dr. Sterne, and
his fellow sufferers, in a peculiar manner barbarous and in
human. For, when they were first seized, they were treated
with all possible scorn and contempt. Cromwell was more
particularly insolent to them ; and when one of them desired
a little time to put up some linen, Cromwell told him, " that
it was not in his commission." In the villages as they passed
from Cambridge to London, " the people were called by some
of their agents, to come and abuse and revile them ;"
and it was a great Providence, considering the prejudice
which the, people entertained against them, that they
experienced no worse usage. After their confinement,
though they often petitioned to be heard, they could
never obtain either a trial, or their liberty. They had
now been a full year under restraint in other prisons :
when, on Friday, August 11, 1643, they were put, by order
of the parliament, on board a ship, called the Prospe rous

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 2SA
rous Sailor, then lying at Wapping. As they went to Bil
lingsgate to take water, a fellow had nearly been committed
for saying, " that they looked like honest men." But another
of the true stamp, looking these grave, learned divines in the
face, reviled them, saying, " that they did not look like Chris
tians ;" and prayed " that they might break their necks as
they went down the stairs to take water." This harsh usage
they found by land; but they found far worse by water*. Be
ing come on shipboard, they were instantly put under hatches,
where the decks were so low that they could not stand up-i
right ; and yet were denied seats to sit on, or so much as
straw to lie on. Into this small ship they crowded no less
than eighty prisoners of quality ; and that they might stifle
one another, having no more breath than what they sucked
from one another's mouth, most maliciously, and (certainly)
to a murtherous intent, they stopped up all the small augur
holes, and all other inlets which might relieve them with fresh
air. An aCt of such horrid barbarism, that neither age, nor
story, nor rebellion, can parallel."
Whilst Dr. Sterne thus continued in durance, he was
ejeCted March 13, 1643, from the mastership, and one Mr.
Young substituted in his room, whom the earl of Man
chester, coming in person to the college chapel, put into the
master's seat, and with some other formalities gave him the
investiture of this headship, April 12, 1644: of which he
was afterwards himself dispossessed, November 14, 1650,
for refusing the engagement. After this, Dr. Sterne was
removed from the ship, but still kept under confinement
in some other prison. Only when the blessed martyr arch
bishop Laud (whose chaplain he was,) suffered on Tower-
hill, he was allowed to attend him on the scaffold, and per
form
* Dr, Peter Barwick, in the Life of Dr. John Barwick, relates the barbarous
usage of these reverend persons, in these words : ' Sive quod Academicis a De-
portatione, vel Relegatione, ad Insulas Americanas, aut etiam ad Barbaros
Turcas.metuebant: Hoc enim, tunc temporis, Gulielmo Belo, Edwardo Mar-
tino, & Richardo Sternio, Heu quibus Viris & quantis ! Academia? Cantab.
consultissimis Rectoribus, Perduelles minitabant. Hos enim omnes, cum multis
aliis Theologis Gravissimis, sub Navigii Tabulatis, in fluvio Thamisi Captivos
detinebant, Squalore, Fame & Vigiliis propemodum enectos, & per insulsos
Nautas indignius habitos, quam quaevis vilissima mancipia ; imo quam si infa-
mis alicujus Latrocinii, aut etiam Parricidii, rei tenerentur. Hos omne?,
tunc temporis, Rigbius, quidam e Senatorculorum Rebellium Faece, pro Vernis
venum Mercatoribus exposuerat, vendideratque procujdubid, si Emptorem re-
ceriisset.

256 JESUS' COLLEGE,
form fhe last offices of piety about him. At length, haying
lost all he had, and suffered to the last degree for his loyalty,
he was set at liberty. He lived in retirement until the re
storation, when he became bishop of Carlisle, and in 1664
was translated to the archiepiscopal see of York, in posses
sion of which he died in 1683, in the 87th year of his age.
He was a man of eminent worth and abilities, a person of
unshaken loyalty, and had the honour to assist in the noble
undertaking of Polyglot. He gave 18501. to St. Paul's ca
thedral. Works. — 1 . Sermons, or a Comment on Psalm 103; l64g, 8vo.
2. Summa Logicze, partim ex optimis quibusque autoribus tum
antiquis tum recentioribus colleCta ; maxime autem ex usu et ad
usum comparata, exempli omnium generum abunde illustrata.
London, 1686, 8vo.
Stephen Hall, B. D. Fellowship.
We shall speak of him more at length when we come to
Ely cathedral.
Thomas Anscell, B. D. Fellowship, and Gilden-Marden V.
in Cambridgeshire.
He was born at Barfield in the county of Bedford, and
deprived of both his fellowship and vicarage in the year
1644. He lived to see the restoration ; and in 1660 be
came D. D. at which time he was restored, we believe, to his
preferments. Robert Clarkson, * B. D. Fellowship.
He was born in Northumberland. In 1639 he became
vicar of Whittleford in Cambridgeshire. Whether he lost
that, or not, in the confusions, we know not ; but this is
certain, that in 1644 he was turned out of his fellowship.
Charles Bussey, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born at Nottinghamshire, sent first to Pembroke-
Hall in this university, and from thence eleCted fellow of
this house. He had also the vicarage of All-Saints in Cam
bridge, which he obtained in the year 1629 : it is not im
probable that he lost it, when he lost his fellowship in 1644.
In 1660 he was restored, and the year following presented
to the reCtory of Harleton in Cambridgeshire. The same year
* Or D.D.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. $tf
year he became president of this college, and died the year
following. Ralph Blak$stone, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of the bishopric of Durham, and h^d
been vicar successively of GHden-Morden and Whittleford
in this county. Some time before the rebellion, he had also"
the reCtory of Bromsted in Norfolk ; whether he was seques
tered from thence or not, we are not informed. This is cer
tain that, in 1644 he was turned out of his fellowship by the
earl of Manchester, and restored in 1660; in which year
Mlso he became reCtor of Ryton in his native county of Dur
ham, to which he was presented by Dr. Cosin, the most
learned and worthy bishop of that diocese.
— — Robinson, A. M. Fellowship.
Of whom we know nothing more than that he was cer
tainly turned out. One Thomas Robirison, of this house,
was-taxor in 1644.
Henry Beale, A- M. Fellowship.
He was a Northamptonshire man, and ejeCted in 1644.
John Taylor, A. M. Fellowship.
He was the son of Dr. Richard Taylor, one of the suffer
ing prebendaries of St. Paul's, and born at Westmill in
Hertfordshire ; of whichdiving his father was reCtor. After
he was turned out, he repaired to his majesty at Oxford,
'Where he took up arms for him, was in the castle of Holt
when it -was besieged by the parliament, and a' captain at the
siege of Colchester. He survived the restoration many years,
and in 1669 succeeded his father in the reCtory of his native
parish. Simon * Harrison, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native Of the county of Derby, entered first at
Corpus Christi college in this university, and thence eleCted
into this society. He also was ejeCted, with the rest of the
fellows of this house, in the year 1644.
vol. 1. R- Edmunjd
* « This," says Dr. Walker, " I take to be the person who, in the list at the
-end of Querela, is spelt Hanson ; if not, Mr. Hanson, also must be accounted as
another ejected fellow of this house.*'

2S8P JESUS' IDIXEB&
JTf&rtltfHfik Lincoln, A. M. . .iFelkvtifhip'Jl.,
He%as born ih Lincolnshire, eMered first at'Magdafaa
college 3in'this university, ahd fr6m' thence chosen to a. fol
lowship of this college ; but turned out in 1644/with. thj
other loyalists of this house.
Anthony Green, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of the county of Kent ; was first o:
Christ college, and afterwards eleCted fellow of this house
It was the fatal year 1644, io which he afco was turned out.
^ Richard Mason, A. M. Fellowship.
H? was 1)orn in Suffolk, entered first at Coi*pti§ Christ
college ; nohiiriate& afterward^, b/the dean and chapter o
St. Paul's, to a scholarship in this house ; and dispossessed b)
the earl of Manchester, April' 8y 1644 *. He -survived ,th<
restoration, and in the year '1660 tasanie M* D.
c\ Charles Fotherby, A.M. Fellowship.
He was bdrn in Kent; was nearly related, to Sir Johr
Robinson the lieutenant of the Tower, and nephew to tht
renowned archbishop Laud, on whose recommendation h<
was eleCted fellow of this house ;, ink swept away again b]
the common calamity in 1644, although he is not mehtionec
in the Querela. Qne of the suffering prebendaries1 of Exe
ter bears both these ftames.
¦  Walker, A. M. Fellowship.
He was ejeCted by the earl of Manchester, April 8, 1644 :
and,- OCtober 19 following, was succeeded by William Whit
field; A. M* a Northamptonshire man.
•— '— Short, A. M. FeUawskipi
Succeeded, May 5, 1645, by Thomas Woodcock, A.B/i
Rutlandshire man.
Quere, if there was not one Mr.Tilney ejeCted from thi
college for refusing the engagement ? It may be that he "&&¦
the same gentleman that succeeded Mr. Anscell.
" In a transcript which I have," says Dr. Walker; •" of th<
proceedings of the earl of Manchester in this university, ]
fine
*4jRebrq»ry 1 1 following his ejection, he Was tucceeded byT. Yomig, A; M
3 native of the county of Essex.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 259
find one Malkej turned out of this. college : but I apprehend
it talffi a mistake of the transcriber, who mis-read it for Jyfr.
* Walker last mentioned ; if not, Mr. Malket also must be
in this, college,,"

ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

WiLUAM; BeALE; D. D- Masterships Deanfy of Ely, and ,
the. Re&ories of GolHnghom and Paul's. Pury in North-'
amptonshire.
He was first a member of Pembpoke-hallin this univer
sity, and afterwards obtained a fellowship in this splfegp*
of which he was chosen master ; and in 1,634, served the
office of vice chancellor. He was a great favourite with
archbishop Laud, which consequently rendered him very
obnoxious to the faCtioiis party; who accused him, as they
did every sound divine who would hot Side with the Calvi
nistic doctrines and discipline, with being popishly affeCted.
On the breaking out of the rebellion, Dr. Beale, with some
other loyal heads of houses, Compassionating the distressed
state of their sovereign, sent to him a contribution of money
and the college plate f. R 2 For
. * for if tlie original was in court-hand, (as is not improbable,) the W in
some sorts of it very little differs from the- M, and the t-for»$he r, is a very
obvious mistake.
f The particulars of what were sent by' tMs college; are sufficiently curious-*
to be noticed in tins place. jtly 2, 1641.
" Received, the day and the year above Written, of William $eale; doctor
in divinity, master of St. John's collegfc'Sn. the university of. Cambridge, for
the k^ng'spse, (according to the intendment' and direction of his majesty'*
letters' of the :29th of June last, to the vice-chancellor of the said university,)
the sum of One hundred and fifty pounds. I say received &«m the treasurer:
of th&:said..college, by m?, . ;, ;j, John £oley."
The'following is an account of the jplate toftlih was delivered for his majesty'*
use, With the weight, form and names of the chief benefactor;*, together
with the receipt for the same :
. " Agreedjby the master and seniors, ^ugusjj, 8, 1648, that these pieces of
plate under written should be sent to thfc'Khig's majesty, and deposited iri his
hands for the security thereof, and service of his nisjfcsty, afccwrdirig to the*
tenar

266 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
For this heinous offence these worthy men, nameiyv
Dr. Beale, Dr. Martin, and Dr. Sterne, were all three carried
prisoners to London by Cromwell ; and in revenge, were
first sent to the Tower, and afterwards confined under
hatches, with several other divines and persons of quality,
on board a ship called the Prosperous Sailor, lying off Wap
ping. Nay, to such a 'dggf'de of malignity did the rebels
proceed, as to offer these venerable persons for sale to be
tarried to the Plantations in America, but no one could be
found to purchase them.
While Dr. Beale was suffering all manner of hardships in
prison, and was nearly starved to death, he was deprived of
his mastership, which the usurpers conferred on John Ar
rowsmith the presbyterian*. After a close- confinement of
. about
tenor of his majesty's late letters written to the viee-chancellor, and published
to the university ;:
Pott ivitb two ears, Cleppesley Crew, Theodore Eeacon, John Lucat,
Thomas Wentworth, &c. Number 22, weight 7 - ¦ Une. 559J-
Tanhards, Francis lord Willoughby. of Parham, Thomas Bourchier,
Thomas Fairfax, &c. Number 87, weight - - - . - - 32S
Standing pieces and other Uii, Dr. Guin, Valentine Carey bishop of
Exeter, John lord Rochford, Algernon lord Percy, gir D.udky North,
John and Henry Maynard, John Howland, &c. Number 41, weight 9074
Beakers, Richard Ashton, &c. Number 7, weight - - - - 8i
Salts, Lord Ross, William Piatt, John Lowther, &c. Number 6, weight 83
A bason in. ewre, having the college arms and twelve names upon it,
weight ----------- 108J
The weight of the aforesaid particulars, according to grocers weight, is 2065I
" August 8, 1642.
" I do acknowledge, that there has been delivered jinto me, in the name
and behalf of the master, fellows and scholars of St. John's college in Cain-
bridge,, two fir boxes, ftiarked with these three letters, S.J. C. containing ia
them all the several pieces of plate above written ; which said plate weigheth,
as appears by the particulars, 2065 J ounces, (it should he 2065 J oz.) more or
less, which they deposit into the king's hands, for the security thereof, and his-
majesty's service, according to the tenor of his majesty's letters written .and "
directed to the vice-chancellor of the university. John Polev."
* Neale, the puritan historian, gives a pompous character of this man ; hut-
how well he deserved it will appear from the following curious specimens of
his oratory before the rebel parliament on different occasions.
e " Tffou have endeavoured (says he) to fence this vineyard with a settled mi
litia, to gather out malignant s (i. e. loyalists) as stones, to plant it with men 01
jriety and truth as choice vines, to build the tower of a powerful ministry in
the midst' qf it, and to make.,a iuine-press for the squeezing of malignants'' — ¦
J*ast sermon before the commons at their late solemn fast, January 25, 1643,
entitled The Covenant Avenging Sword brandished, 4to. True it was that
this rebellious crew, before whom he preached, and whom he thus compli
mented,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. &\
about three years he was exchanged, an4 on gaining* his
liberty repaired to Oxford, where he was appointed chaplain
to the king, before whom he frequently preached during
his majesty's stay in that city. On the nomination of Dr.
Fuller to the deanry of Durham, he was appointed to suc
ceed him in that of Ely ; but the times were such that he
never obtained institution to that dignity. When the king's
affairs were ruined, Dr. Beale went to Madrid, where he
resided in the family of Sir Edward Hyde, as chaplain ; b'ut
on Sir Edward's removal from Spain, he went to live in
the 'same capacity with Lord Cottington, who also had a
house in that city. He constantly! apprehended the murder
of his royal masteryand when that horrible event took place,
it affeded -his spirits so much that he never recovered from
the shock, and literally died of a broken heart at Madrid,- in
1651. Ix is said, that amidst all his trouble occasioned by
the distractions which rent his native country, he had a pre
sentiment of the restoration, and often spoke of it as an
event that was certain. He ' was a man of profound learn
ing, great integrity, and firmly attached to the Church of
England. '
Thomas Thornton, B. D. Fellowship, and the Logick
Letlorship.
Hewas at that time president of the college, read the
ipublic logic lecture founded by lord Maynard, and received
the salary. several years, (viz. 501. per annum,) till, the trou
bles coming op, a stop was put to the payment of it.
William Bodurda, B. D. Fellowship.
He was a native of North Wales, and chaplain to Dr.
Williams bishop of Lincoln; and afterwards archbishop- of
York.
R 3 Amias
dented, had done all this, and the blood of the poor jnalfgriartft was literally
poured out by those squeezers-, 'ye water, throughout the land, till at length
the blood of his sacred majesty finished the horrid tragedy. But, to proceed
with our doctor's rhetoric — .Speaking oi thanksgiving in a sermon before the same
ai'flience, on the occasion of some victory they had obtained, he observes, that
• * Tis a spiritual affection, that hath the Holy Ghost for its Father, Faith for
its Mother, Prayer for its Midwife, the v» ord for its Nurse, Sincerity fqr its
Keeper, arid Trembling for its Handmaid." — In another sermon he says,
" The main work of the Spirit of Grace, is to negociate the treaty of a match
betwixt the Lord Jesu6 and the Coy Souls of Men." — Such were the. wise
heads who were su&tittitsd in the room of tbe eje&ed loyalists in these seats of
learning. - •

262 ST.' JOHN'S tOtLEGE, '
Ami as Riding, B.D. Fellowship.
He was the son of T$x. Riding one of the squire-ladles
of this university. Tn'l623 he served the office of proCtor,
and the year following was taxor. The earl of ^M^pchester
ejeCted him from his fellowship April 8, 1644 ; bijt he out
lived the usurpation, and, in 1660, waslrestored by a writ
from the King's Bench 5 many others of this university re
covering their fellowships in the same manner.
"Thomas Tyrwhitt, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born of an antient family in Lincolnshire, served
the office of proCtor, was expelled at the same time with
Mr. Riding, after which he went, abroad, and at the restora
tion recovered his fellowship.
Francis Blechynden, B. D. Fellowships
He is conjectured by Walker to have hgen a native of
Kent, but upon what foundation he has hot condescended
to say, Thomas Mason, B. D. Fellowship.
The same author barely mentions him as a iiitive of the
county of Middlesex.
Richard Bulkley, B. D. Fellowship,
He was born in the isle of Anglesea, and was taxer in the
year 1636. This person was certainly a relation of Dr-
Launcelot Bulkley, the son of Sir Richard Bulkley of Beau
maris in the isle bf Anglesea, which doCtor was consecrated
archbishop of Dublin in 16J9, and was buried in St. Pa
trick's church there, 1650, aged 82. If ood,
John Ambrose, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born in Lancashire, took up arms for the king,
lived. ^o be restored by a writ from the King's Bench, was a
considerable benefaCtor to this college, and died in his fellow
ship. There was, according to Wood, a seat in Lancashire,
called Ambrose-hall, possessed by, a family of that name, of
\yhich dqubtless this person, was a branch, as also was Isaac
yVmbrose the non-conformist.
John Greenhall, B. D. Fellowship.
He served the ofiice of proCtor of this university in 1639,
^ras ejeCted by the earl of Manchester April 8, 1644, and
married

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 263
married before tlie restoration, so„that he could not recover
his fellowship of course.
- Richard Cooper, B, D. Fellowship.
He !W»s (saith Walker in his old way) a Yorkshireman by
birth. John Potter, B. D. Fellowship.
He was' a native of the county of Mlddk&x?' was- turned
out by the earl of Manchester April 8, 1644, ^nd died soon
after„. He was succeeded by Mr. John Pawson, who had
been barbarously used ana ejeCted from Sidney college ;
notwithstanding, which, he afterwards, accepted til'? fellow
ship from, the earl of Manchester. ,
William Rogers, B. D- frellowshfo ~|'
He was born in Flintshire, and D,r. Walkejf, in his strange
obscure way, says, that from some notices lie had received,
this Mr .Rogers seems to have been the same person with
Mr. Nehemiah Rogers the suffering prebendary of Ely*
But the doCtor was strangely out ; for the last-mentioned Mr.
Rogers coyld hprdly? hpl<i a prebend in Ely cathedral, a liv
ing, .jptondon, and another in Essex, at the same time with
this fellowship. Richard Wrench, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born at Chester, chosen fellow April 5, 1636,
ejeCted April 8, 1644. And finding a worthy good man in
his fellowship at tlie restoration, he would not give him any
disturbance. He was afterwards prebendary of Durfiam, and
reCtor of Boldbn in that county. He was an excellently
good man, and an encoufager of learnings used often to
visit the school at Durham, and examine the scholars, and
always allotted one day for their entertainment during his
month of residence. There was a great friendship between
him and that excellent divine Dr. Iohn Barwick, who
esteemed him as his own brother. Life of Dr. Barwick,
p. 307, 8vo. 1724.,
William Lacy, A. B. FdlpmslSp.
He was born at Beverly in Yorkshire, and adtriitted of
this college before the year 1619. He Was chbseh fellow
April 5, 16.36, at which time he appears to have been M. A.
He was concerned in drawing up the answer to fhe Solemn
League and Covenant j under the title of Certain Disquisitions
R 4 and

hnd Considerations, Ox0h.!"l644. After his ' ejection, Mr.
Lacy went into the king's army, and became chaplain to
Prince Rupert; and had the misfortune to be taken prison
er by the rebels, and. .confined in a noisome prison, where
Ee was very barbarously treated, and reduced to great want.
In this state ©f distress he was discovered* by Dr. Barwick,
his fellow-collegian, who relieved. and supported him-; ^hen
£ physician of great authority dmong the rebels, and Who
fead always lived with Mr. Lacy, from their ¦ youth, in the
Strictest intimacy and friendship, having been born in the
Stale town with him, and, educated jn the same school and
university, most shamefully deserted .him ih this extremity.
u So far {observes the author of this anecdote;} at that time
id the zeal of the new .superstition divested of all huma
nity the minds of men^ithat were neither barbarous in their
Ratiire, nor destitute of the advantages of education*." „,,
William Richardson, A- M. Fellowship.
He was born in the County of Durham.
John Whittingham, A. M. Fellowship.
He Was a native of Herefordshire,' and was expelled
April '8, 1644. f
George Spooner, A. M. Fellowship.
He was bbrn in that part of Yorkshire which js called
Richmondshire. He was ejected April 8, 1644, but sur
vived the -usurpation, and obtained a living in the county of
Durham. William Bullock, A. M. Fcllazcship.
, He was born bf a good family in Derbyshire ; and an estate
falling to him by the death either of his fother or his bro
ther, he was well provided for. The warrant for his ejec
tion, signed by .the earl of Manchester, was dated April 8,
1644. The Querela Cantab, saith that one John Bullock
of this college, and probably a relation of this gentleman,
was thrown into prison for not being old enough to take the
covenant,
John
* Life of Dr. Barwick, io'/,io8. The editor of that Life conjectures that
this ungrateful perfon was Dr. Robert Wittie, a physician, and a writer of fome
iwte.

IN THE DIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 26S
John OfWAY, A, M. Fellowship.
He was the son bf Mr. Roger Otway of Sedberg in York
shire, gentltosm, admitted pensioner of this coltege, at the
age of sixteen, June 3, 1636, and made fellow March 24,
1639 ; ejeCted by the earl of Manchester, March 15, 1643,
" for refusing'to take the solemn league and covenant, and
other misdemeanours 5" as the warrant for his ejeCtion -ex
presses it without mentioning what they were, though it is
not diflicult to ascertain what ; for his uncommon loyalty and
great exertions in 'behalf of the king, could not but draw
upon him tfee persecution of that rebellious faction. i'He
was for somethne in the king's artay, and afterwards: becairie
a student of Gray's Inn, where, however, he continued firm
ly attached to the royal cause, and contributed greatly to
its support. On hearing of the imprisonment and sickness
of his fellow-collegian IDr. BarWfck, in the Tower, he at
tended him with gredt affection, and received the directions
of that Worthy man concerning his interment, according to
the rites of the church of England, in case he should die in
prison. And when the doCtor was afterwards made a close
prisoner, and all access was denied 'to him, Mr. Otway went
'boldly .to the bloodhound' Bradshaw, who was also a bencher
of Gray's Inn, and prevailed upon him, though not without
great difficulty, to grant him leave to visit him.
Mr. Otway had a very considerable share in bringing
about the restoration; the first step to which was his gain
ing over to the king his two brothers-in-law, colonel Red
man, and colonel "Globery, both persons of great influence
in the army, and highly beloved by the soldiers. Soon after
that event he was knighted, made vice chancellor of the
duchy of Lancaster, and temporal chancellor to the bishop
of Durham. At his death he left a good estate to his two
sons, the orie, Charles "Otway, LL. D. (many ye&rs fellow
of St. John's college, where he died Jan. 27, 1720-1 ;) the
other, Brathwait Otway, esq. some time fellow-eommoner of
the same college, and afterwards a counsellor of Gray's Inn.
Roger Jones, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Shropshire, and was ejeCted April 8,
1644. William Bar wick, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Suffolk.
William

266 ST. TOHN'&CQLkCGE,
WjI,IjIAM,^OR«jijt, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in Monmouthshire.
Humphrey NeA^e, A. M- Fellowship.
Ke was a, native of Hampshire.
Henry Hatten, A. M. Fellowship.
He was descended pf an ancient family iri the fibUnty of
Northampton. John Cleaveland, A. M. Fellowship.. i
He was born at Hinkley in Leicestershire, of which place
tis father was viCar. After receiving his graftwriatical
education In the same town, under a noted puritan-; one
Richard Vines, he was removed to Christ's college, ^Cam
bridge, from whenCe in a short time he was- eleCted to a fel
lowship of St. John's, ** the delight and ornament bf%hich
house," says Wood, "he continued about nine years:"- On
the breaking out ofthe civil war, he distinguished h&nself
zealously in behalf of the king, and was the fir?st person whtf
called in the. Muses to assist the fcojal cafcsfe„ for which, and
his, refusing the covenant,, ke<.was expelled' tHe! university.
He then retired to Oxford, and was held in great esteem by
the court for the keenness of his satires against the presbyte
rians. From Oxford he went to Newark upon Trent, where
he was kindly entertained by Sir Edward Willis, goVernor
of that garrison, who made him judge-advocate, Which im
portant office he discharged with great skill and prudence.
In this place he continued till the surrender of it to the
parliament ; after which he was imprisoned at Yarmouth.
While he Was in Confinement, he drew up an address to
Oliver Crprhwell, in such moving terms, that he immedi
ately ordered the poet to be released. On gaming his
liberty, he went and resided in Gray's Inn, London^ being
highly testeemed' by alj the loyalists. He died of ^n inter
mitting fever. May 1,1658, and was buried in St. Michael's
chbrch, Cornhill. His funeral sermon was preached by
Mr. (afterwards bishop) Pearson.
Works. — 1. Poems, London, 8vo. l6si, and several times
afterwards. 2. Charafters. 3. Orations. 4. Epistles, &t.
Though there is a ruggedness in his style, yet it is uncom
monly strong, and his satires are very pojgnant.^nd descrip
tive.
John

IN THE 0M^SJTY'OF CAMBRIDGE, v 267
John Ba«Wsck, A. MA Fellowship, and a Prebendal Stall in
the Cathedral of Durham. ...... ,.j
This,,trubR£xcell^t divine and loyal subject was born
April 20, 1612, af Aether slack, a small village in West
moreland, of a family rather antient and respOTtaMe than
rich. From Sedberg school in Yorkshire, lie went to Cam
bridge in 1631, and was admitted of this cpllege under the
direction of Mr. Thomas Fotherigill, who always cherished
a warm esteem for him. His principal relaxation" "from
severe study was mMc^bnJ.not^tJ^J ^wanton kind which
^tendj^Qfjnflnance thp passion and to poison the mind.
Thatio'^ich he delighted was chaste apd holy ; awl the
use he made of it was to hear up his mind in singing. Jliod's
praises in the public choir, with a swee tness of melodyjequal
4o^tnat fecvency of devotion with winch he dady celebrated
^h^j^jhlsjcloset. To this study, which adds sq^miicb. life
and, ornament to diving worship, he was always, byf^s ex-:
^gig^gas^welLaSr-by his advice, endeavouring to persuade
^jrJujOfdSs felloe-collegians of the younger \sqrtr as their
^ioe£,,jheir age, and tlieir genius rendered capable of it.
^otdidher^ent to have studied himself, what he jound
.sq qseful for the management of a choir, when heWs&after-
!-Wa*ds promoted to the government of a cathedral. He had
.hardly tafcen his first degree, before he was thought fit to be
^ntru§ted^v,'ith the management of some affairs of the col-
i'lcge,df no small note. For king Charles I. always desirous
(C^jgresjerving peace and concord among his subjeCts, having
heard that there was like to be a fatal contest in that col
lege, concerning the election of a new master in the room
_)rf LV. Gwynn, who died in 1633, ordered the cause to be
fought before himself. To attend this hearing before
,$j|£ king in council, and to speak in behalf of the college,
Mr. Barwick was deputed with power, „(by the rest pf the
collegians,) to aCt as their proCtor. This trust he discharged
.]S$/jfajthfully, and so much to_, the, WtasfaCiiciri of those for
_,jfJiom he acted, that he gaine^'a^n^iderabl^re^Wtation,
'riot only in the university, but among me prijty counsellors
and ministers of state. In 1636 "he was 'chosen fellow of
the college ; and in 1638 took the degree of A. iW. When
the rebellion broke out, and tlie king acquainted 'tSe uni
versity of his extreme wantj^Mr. Barwick concurred with
these loyal persons, Wfto fiWJti*feril hiav a Squill sttpplyin mo
ney, and afterwards their college plate; and upon receiving
information

268 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
information that Oliver Cromwell lay with a party of foot,
at a place called Lowler Hedges, between Cambridge and
Huntingdon, in order to make himself master of this small
treasure, Mr. Barwick made one .of the party of horse,
which conveyed it through bye«roads safely -to Nottingham,
where his majesty had set up his standard. By this act of
loyalty the parliament was so provoked that they sent Crom
well with his troops to quarter in the university, where they
committed such outrages as would scarcely have been credi
ble in succeeding times, if Mr. Barwick, in conjunction with
some other, learned members of that venerable society, had
not transmitted an authentic account of them to posterity.
Mr. Barwick also published another piece against tte Co
venant, and having thereby irritated the prevailing faction,
he judged it prudent to retire to London. Soon. after his
settling there, he was entrusted with the -management of the
king's most private concerns, and carried on with the greatest
isecrecy a constant correspondence between London and
Oxford, where the king's head-quarters then were :— a nice
and arduous employment, and for which perhaps there never
was a man better fitted; for, with great modesty, and a tem
per actually meek, he had a cool determined courage, and so
much judgment and sagacity that, as on the one hand he
never wanted presence of mind, so on the other he never
was at a loss for expedients. He lived, on his first arriving
in London, with Dr. Morton, bishop of Durham at Durham-
house, which, being an -old spacious building, afforded him
great conveniences for hiding his papers ; 'and at the same
time his residence with that prelate as chaplain countenanced
his remaining in London. The same worthy bishop g&ve
hijn, in 1645, .the prebend ofthe eighth stall in the cathe
dral of Durham. One great branch of his employment in
the metropolis was, the bringing "back to their duty sortie
eminent persons, who had been misled -by the fair presences
of some of tlie leaders in the 'long parliament; and in this
laudable mission he had great '.success. Evenafter the king's
affairs became desperate, Mr. Barwick still- maintained flis
correspondence ;; and when his majesty was in thc hands of
tlie, army, he had frequent admittance to ¦ him, and received
his verbal orders, r-frhieh he executed both punctntflly-and
successfully. To perform this, duty with the more safety,
he had the king's express command to lay aside fers clerical
habit ; ,and in the dress of a private .gentleman , 'With his
svrOcd. by his side, he remained without suspicion- in the
krmy.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 26$
army. When the king was at kngth confined at Caris-
brook castle, in the Isle of Wight, so closely that guards
were posted at all the! avenues to < his chamber, and even at
his windows, to prevent his having any correspondence; Mr.
Cresset, who attended upon him,- through the dexterous
management of Mr. Barwicky defeated all this diligence,
and obtained for his royal master a free intercourse with hk
friends. For this purpose he first deposited with Mr. Bar
wick a cypher, and then hid a copy of it in a crack ofthe'
wall in the king's chamber. By the help of this cypher the
king wrote and read many letters- every' weefa> all of which
passed: through the hands of Mr. Barwick. He Was likewise
concerned in a well-laid design for the king's "escape, which,
however, was unluckily disappointed. These labours, though
very dangerous and fatiguing, did not hinder him from un
dertaking still greater ; for when Mr. Holder, who Kad
managed many correspondences forthe king, was' impriscaed,-
Mr. Barwick had so much address as to procure admission to
him, whereby has cyphers and papers were preserved! After
this he had a large share in bringing- about the treaty of tlie
Isle of Wight; on which occasion he rode from London in
one day and returned in another* By this;time he Was so
well esteemed by the loyalists, that those who did not per-
sonallyknow him, readily trusted themselves to Ms care, even
in the most dangerous cases. Thus Sir Marmaduke Lanx
dale, who had been condemned to suffer death before v.%s
walls of Pontifract; which he had defended against the par
liament, and who, by the assistance of Lady Saville, had
made his escape ; after lying some we^ks under a hay stack,
came up to London in a clergyman's dress, and remained
under Mr. Bar-wick's protection as a poor minister driven
from his /benefice in Ireland, till a fit opportunity offered for
safely conveying him Outof the.kingdomi. When the king was
murdered, and the royal cause seemed to be desperate, Mr.
Barwick still kept up his spirits, and though harassed -with
a continual cough, . followed by a spitting bf blood, ahd af
terwards, by a consumption of the lungs, heryet persevered
With his usual activity in corresponding with the ministers
of King Charles II. At last, wheri he was become very
weak, he was content that his brother, Dr. Peter Barwick,
should take off a part of the burthen, by attending at the*
post-office, which , he did for about six months, and then
this employment devolved on Mr. Edward Barwick, another
of his brothers. This gentleman had not been engaged two
months

2W' ST/ JOHN'S COLLEGE,
months in this pefilous concern, befoceone Bostock, whff
belonged to'the pbst-bffice, betrayed both; him -and Mr«,
John Bafwick, together -with some letters* iwhichv c-ame,-ifrQ^
the king'* ministers abroad, into the iiands ofthe persons
who then possessed the government. Upon his examin*-,
tion, Mr. Barwick did all he could to take the whole upon
himself? in order to clear his brother Edward : yet so care
ful was He of offending against truth, that he would not
deny his- knowledge of the contents of the letters, but in*-
sisted" that he was not bound to accuse himself, j
IriVeply td this, the inhuttian examiners Were not ashamed,
to threaten him with the torture, though he was; half-dead
with his disorder, if he did not give up the. names of his-
accomplices. Mr. Barwick spiritedly answered, that neither
himself nor any of his friends had done any thing contrary
to the laWs ; and if, by the force of tortures, which it was ,
not likeFy a dry and bloodless carcasedike his would be able..
to bear, any thing should be extorted :which might be pre
judicial to others, such a confession ought to go for nothing.
Mr. Edward Barwick behaved^ with the like firmness, s<?
that no person, though many were concerned, fell into trou
ble through their means ; and as for Mr. .John Barwick, he
had the presence of mind to burn his cyphers, and other pa
pers, before those who apprehended hirii could break open his
door; This extraordinary fortitude and circumspeetionsomueh
irritated the president Bradshaw, Sir Henry Mildmaya and:
others "Of the council who examined him, that, by a warrant .
dated the 9th of April 1650, they coiMnitted both brothers
to the Gate House, where they were most cruelly treated 5.
and three days afterwards, Mr. John Barwick was sent to the
Tower. * The reason assigned for this removal was, that he
might be bearer the rack. Mr: West, who wasthen lieute-7,
nantof the Tower, put him into a dungeon, where he was
not only kept from pen'; ink and paper, arid all books ex
cept -the Bible, with the1 restraint from seeing any.peESQi*
exceJrMifs'- keepers ; but,- as an additional punishment, had.
boar&'halfled before1- the window t-o prevent his ^breathings
the fFeSlt air. In "this melancholy situation lie remained
many months, during which time h-isidietwas herbs or fruit,
or thin water-gruel made of oatmeal or barley, with, currants
boiled in it, and sweetened with a little sugar; by which, he
recovered beyond expectation ; and, from being a mere«ke-;
leton, grew sb fat as to astonish all hfe acquaintance — ai^u.re-
so perfect and Surprising that many medical writers hays
1 3 taken

IN THE WIVERSEFY OF CAMBRIDGE. £7!
taken* tfotid? of it as a strong instance of the power . of tqm-
perartdei 6ven in the most inveterate disease si While he
was i*P Ae Tower, his friends laboured incessantly for, his
service and relief ; and king Charles II. for whomhetijiys
suffered}' expressed a deep concern for his situation, and
sent Idta several testimonies of his regard- After fifteen
months-spent in this strict confinement, Mn Otway, before
mentioned, and Some other friends, obtained a warrant
from 'Bradshaw to visit him; and great indeed were ,th«ir joy-
and surprise to see him look so well, when they had (ex
pected to have found him nearly in the jaws, of dea$h- ,- His
prudence and patience under this severe persecution were so
great- as * to produce a happy effect on all who came about
'hiraj'so that- Mr. Robert Browne, the deputy lieutenant*
Ijecatnc "at first excsediragly civil to him, and afterwards
conceived such a veneration for the church of England as to
hav#his child baptized by Mr. Barwick. Onwhichoccasipnthe
sponsors were LordOgilby and Lord Spiney, both prisoners.
at that time in the Tower on the king's account, and the,.
godmother was wife of General David -Lesley, who -had been
taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester. A conversation
which took place between Lord Ogilby and General Lesley
after the ceremony was over, is too remarkable and instrucT
tive--to be omitted in this place. His lordship,, whoj had
always maintained the cause of both church and mon^rqhy,
with great courage and constancy, addressed the g/mepal,
who was brought up with great prejudices against ' tl^s ippiSf
' copal order, in these words: " What I have been here do
ing to day, my dear Lesly, will not seem new 015 unusual
to anyone; because I have always had a great venerafiflu.
for the Church of England, formerly the most beautffol part
of the refortnation, and- still subsisting in a few person^ of
extrOtSditfary piety, though in secret (Cells, as we haye now
had an instance. Therefof©, our very reverend jfriend Mr,
Bar#icfe, who has suffered' so much for his ^tedfastness >%o
this church of his, which also tjE&ches us to pay t^at due.
howSfir' to the king, will not be so. much rejoiced at that
share I have willingly had in this holy function, asat yt?ur bare
presence at it, of whose powerful aversion,- or at least dis
affection to those rites, he must have been apprised." ,, To
this "the g^Hesal made answer: *' Letys not, dear Ogilby,
recall what is past. You see now very candidly, th?t such,
sacred Offices as .these are by no means unacceptable to, me,
which may noe- be a littk owing to the extraordinary virtue and

272 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
and piety of this holy man : And, for the future,. I shall
be so far from having any quarrel against the,, episcopal
order, to which you may possibly have thought roe a sworn
enemy, that I rather esteem it no little honour to me that
a person of our family and name, a man of some learning
and reputation, and no enemy to the royal cause, (I wish he
had been as orthodox in all other points,) was a bishop in
Scotland in the last age *." It was very agreeable to. Mr.
Barwick to hear this Scotch nobleman speak wkh so much
respeCtof the church,- which was so dear to him in her suf
fering, state, when she seemed to>be crucified with her lord;
but it added greatly to that satisfaction to hear so much
said in behalf of her rites and government, and that . with
so much candour and freedom, by one who had been the
leader of the covenants.
This Mr. Brown and his wife were both anabaptists pre
vious to Mr. Barwiik's coming to the Tower ; but the placi
dity of his temper, and the holy resignation which he shew
ed under all his sufferings, wrought so upon them, that they
sincerely joined the church of England, and returned to
their allegiance to, the king. Nay, Mr. We&t the lieutenant,
who had treated Mr. Barwick so roughly at first, abated by
degrees from his severity, and became at last so much soft
ened that he was ready to render him every office of .hu
manity, the first aCt of which was the removing him from
his noisome dungeon to a spacious room with leads over it;
where he could enjoy freer air, and sometimes also the com
pany of his friends. He likewise made great application tp
the council of state, that while Mr. Barwick remained in tbe
Tower, he might have an allowance granted for his subsist
ence ; and when he could not prevail, he supplied him froii
his own table. Indeed, after two years confinement, the
usurpers thought proper to order him the liberal allowance
of five shillings a week, which he received for about four
months. Then, through the friendly intercession of Mir.
West, he was discharged August 7, 1652, but upon giving
security to appear at any time within a twelvemonth before
the council ©f state. This last aCt of friendship was most
providential; for, three days after, Mr. West died of an apo
plexy,
* Dr. John Lesley , bishop of Ross, who answere tlie character in every parti
cular, was bishop in Queen Elizabeth's time, a celebrated author, true to
Mary Queen qf Scots, but a zealous papist, otherwise a great man."

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 273
plexy, and was succeeded by that infamous regicide colonel
Barkstead, who was so barbarous to his prisoners that Mr.
Barwick thought it the greatest mercy of his life that he
was not one of the number. On his deliverance he went
and resided with Sir Thomas Ersfield of Sussex, a man of
great integrity as well as, learning, with whom he lived for
many months. After the expiration of the year to which
the recognizance entered into by himself and his friends
extended, he began to think of faking up his bond, and re«
tiring again into the king's service. With this view he
waited upon Bradshaw, who behaved uncommonly civilj,
told liim not to be concerned about the bond, inveighed
bitterly against the usurper Cromwell, and spoke in favour
able terms of a limited monarchy. Having received satis
faction on this point, he re-entered upon business, and drew
over several considerable persons to the king's service, and
had with them several conferences on the means of restor
ing- the king ; but all their schemes were defeated by the
policy and watchfulness of Cromwell. His friend Sir Thomas
Ersfield dying, and his lady retiring to the house of her bro
ther Sir Thomas Middleton in Derbyshire, Dr. Barwick ac
companied her, and remained some time with Sir Thotnas»
who was his old friend. His own and the king's affairs
recalling him to London, he lived with his brother Dr.
Peter Barwick, in St. Paul's Church-yard, and there ma
naged the greatest part of the king's correspondence, with
jrreat care, secrecy, and success. While he was thus en
gaged, he received some interruption by the revival of that
old calumny on the church of England, the Nag's head ordi
nation, the occasion and circumstances of which were these :
The papists taking advantage of the distressed state of the
English church, printed a piece entitled " A Treatise on
the Nature ofthe Catholic Faith and of Heresy." The
authors of this traCt asserted, that a presbyterian nobleman,
who sat in the late parliament, had written a book with in
tent to exclude the bishops from a seat in the house of jpeetfft
by shewing that they were not the legal successors ofthe a»-
tient bishops, for want of due consecration. The coiners of"
this fable then went on to say, that Dr. Morton, bishop of
Durham, stood up in the house and made a speech, in which
he averred that the first bishops after the reformation were
consecrated in a tavern, (the Nag's head in Cheapside ;) and
added farther, that this was a fact known to all the world,
and to this (the book affirms) the rest of the bishops theh
vol. 1. S present

274. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
present assented. The authors of this abominable lie flat
tered themselves perhaps, that as the bishop of Durham was
then in his ninety-fifth year, he would not be able to refute ;
the calumny. But when his lordship heard in the country
of this strange report, he sent. for his chaplain M^, Barwick,
and direCted liim to bring a public notary with hfm, that, by
a solemn protestation made before them and other proper
witnesses, he might declare the falsehood of this story.
When this was executed, he employed Mr. Barwick to lay
it before all the lords who sat in that parliament, and were
yet surviving, " appealing to the faith of them all, that, pre
ferring the sacredness of truth to all other considerations
whatever, if they believed him undeservedly aspersed with
this calumny, they would freely attest it by subscribing their'
names." This was readily done, not pnly by all the lords of -
parliament to whom the protestation couid be carried, but
by all the clerks also, and other officers of the house, whose
business it was to register in authentic journals all such de
bates; if there had been any ; but they all declared there was
not the least trace to be found, either of any such book as
was pretended to have been laid before the house, or any
such speech having been made. The aged bishop next laid
his commands on Mr. Barwick to publish this protestation,
together with this noble testimony annexed ; but when he
heard' that bishop Bramhall, then an exile in Holland, was
engaged in the controversy, he left the work to his manage-'"
ment, and furnished him with materials proper to end* the
dispute.' By his modesty and private way of living, Mr. Barwick
kept himself pretty free from notice in those trying times;
and yet when proper occasions called for more open testimo
nies of his principles, he did not shrink from professing
them, as appeared by his assisting Dr. John Hewet, while in
prison, for a plot against Cromwell, and even on the scaf
fold when that zealous loyalist lost his head. By the death
of this gentleman, his branch of intelligence, and the care of
conveying some hundreds of pounds which he had collected
fo'r the king's use devolved upon Mr. Barwick, who, though
he had already so much upon his hands, readily undertook
and happily performed it. It is indeed surprising that a
person in his circumstances, and so little used to an aCtive
life, was able to go through the drudgery of such a corre
spondence, wherein he met daily occasions of fatigue, and
yet durst not take in any assistance ; but what is still more
8 wonderful,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 275
wonderful, is the silence of the earl of Clarendon, as to his
indefatigabie service, who never once mentions him, though
he was his principal correspondent; and his lordship certain
ly drew from his intelligence, the fund of that history which
he wrote of those times. The concern Mr. Barwick had
for the king and for the state, did not hinder him from at
tending fo the affairs ofthe church; in which, however,
he had a worthy associate in Mr. Richard Allestry *, who'
took the most troublesome part on himself. In the rising
of Sir George Booth, Mr. Barwick had a principal concern
in managing the design, and in providing for the safety of
such as escaped after it miscarried. Not long, after, he
narrowly escaped a new imprisonment, thrdugh the treachery
of some who were entrusted by the king's ministers : for
by their intelligence Mr. Allestry was seized at Dover, and
one of Mr. Barwick's letters intercepted, part of which was,
and all might have been decyphered by Dr. Wallis -f, if in
pity to those concerned,- or perhaps from some prospeCt of
a change in the king's affairs, he had not been content to
appear less knowing than he really was. Secretary Thur
loe, with all his intelligence, never gained any notice of Mr.
Barwick, though he carried on so long and' regular a corre
spondence with the king and chancellor Hyde, of which
there are stDl existing numerous instances which sufficient
ly prove his great observation and industry^ In the midst of
these difficulties died the good bishop of Durham, on whom
Mr. Barwick attended to the last, and preached his funeral
sermon. On the eve of the restoration, and when that
event was no longer doubtful, Mr. Barwick was sent over
by the bishops to represent to the king the state of ecclesi
astical affairs. He was -received by his majesty with the
most endearing marks of cordial affeClion, and preached
before him the Sunday after his arrival, and was appointed
one of his chaplains. Yet did not his great deserts, nor
these marks of regal favour, induce him to make a single
request on his own behalf, though he did not let slip the
S 2 opportunity
* See his Life in p. in of this volume.
f This profound mathematician was employed by the parliament, and after
wards by Cromwell, in decyphering the King's letters taken at Naseby, and
those of the loyalists intercepted at different times. Yet this man, though he
had been the occasion of so much mischief.to the royal cause, and had by his
skill brdught rujn upon many families, and several persons to the hlock, pre^
served his preferments at the restoration.

276 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE;
opportunity of recommending effectually several of his
friends, and procuring for them an acknowledgment suitable
to their services. On his return he visited his old college,
where he gave a; new proof of his generosity, by relinquish
ing his right to his fellowship, in favour of Mr. John Tuck
ney the intruder, because he had the reputation of being a
young man of learning and probity. Before he left the uni
versity he took the degree of D. D. on which occasion he per
formed his exercise, though that might have been well dispens
ed with, merely to support the discipline of the university,
for which he had a very warm and just concern. When the
church of England was restored in all its beauty, Dr. Bar
wick, according to his usual modesty, contented himself
with recommending his old tutor Mr. Fothergill, to a pre
bend in the cathedral church of York ; but, for his own' part,
he would have rested satisfied with what had been given him
by his old patron the bishop of Durham, which consisted of
a stall in that cathedral, and the reCtories of Wolsingham
and Houghton le Spring ; nay, when he found Of how great
value these preferments were, he was inclined to think he
had too much. Before the restoration there had been a
design of consecrating him bishop of Man, but the countess
of Derby desiring to prefer her chaplain to that dignity, the
doCtor readily resigned all title hereto in his favour ; upon
which the king would have promoted him to the see of
Carlisle, but this the doCtor steadily refused, that the world
might not imagine that the great zeal he had shown for
episcopacy flowed from any secret hope of his being one
day a bishop. On this he was promoted to the deanry of
Durham, with which he kept the reCtory of Houghton,
which is only four miles distant from that city. As he now
enjoyed a large income, so certainly no man ever employed
it better, or more conscientiously studied how to lay it out
for those purposes for which it was given : he repaired pub-j,
lie buildings; relieved the poor, and kept up great hospi
tality, both at the deanry and at Houghton. But before the
year was out, he was called from these cares and made dean
of St. Paul's, which, though a preferment of less value, and
attended with much more trouble than that which he quit
ted, yet he readily accepted it purely for the service of the
church. As soon as he had done this, he put an end to the
granting of leases, even where he had agreed for the fines
with the tenaftts, and did many otlier things for the benefit
of his successor; which shewed his contempt of secular ad-
7 vantages,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 277
vantages, and his sincere concern for the rights ofthe church.
He took possession of this deanry in OCtober 1661, and
found, as he expeCted, all in very great disorder with re-
speC^ to the church itself, and every thing that concerned
it. He set about reforming these abuses with a truly pri
mitive spirit, and prosecuted, with great vigour, the reco
very of such revenues as in the rebellion had 'been alienat
ed from the church ; though, with respeCt to his own par
ticular concerns, he was never rigid to any one, but frequent
ly gave up claims to which he had a clear title. By his in
terest with his majesty he obtained two royal grants, one
for the repair of the cathedral, the other for enume
rating and securing its privileges. Tn this respeCt he was
so tender that he would not permit the lord mayor to ereft
there a seat for himself at the expence of the city, but insist
ed that it should be done at the charge of the church. To
wards the repairing the cathedral, he, together with the re-
sidentiaries, gave the rents of the houses in St. Paul's church
yard as a settled fund, besides which they advanced each
5001. for the same purpose.
Some time after this, he was appointed one of the nine
assistants to the twelve bishops commissioned. to hold a con
ference with the like number of presbyterian ministers upon
the review of the Liturgy. He was also, by the unanimous
suffrage of all the clergy of the province of Canterbury as
sembled in convocation, chosen prolocutor February 18,
1661, in which high office he behaved himself in such a
manner as added even to the great reputation he had before
.acquired. His application, however, to these, weighty du
ties, brought on his old distemper ; so that in November
1662, he was confined to his chamber. He heightened his
, complaint by officiating at the Sacrament the Christmas-day
following, after which he was seized with, such a violent
vomiting of blood, that he brought up whole basons full.
He was then advised to a change of air, for the enjoyment
of which he retired to his reCtory of Therfield in Hertford
shire ; but finding himself there too far from London, he
returned to Chiswick, where he recovered in a. small degree.
As soon as he had found that he had gathered a little
strength, he made choice of and obtained this living, think
ing to resign his deanry and the office of prolocutor, and to
spend the remainder of his days in retirement. But Provi
dence prepared for him a still more quiet mansion ; for, on
his coming to London, he was seized, with a pkurisy, which
S 3 carried

g78 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
carried him off in three days. He was attended in his last
moments by Dr. Peter Gunning ; and as he lived so he died,
with all the marks of an exemplary piety, on the 22d ot Oc
tober 1664. Manv good and great men came from all parts
to attend his funeral in the cathedral of St. Paul s, where
Dr. Henchman, bishop of London, read the service, and Dr.
Gunning preached the funeral sermon.
Works... Besides what we have mentioned above, Dr. Bar
wick wrote, 1. The Fight, Vidory, and Triumph of St. Paul
accommodated to Thomas (Morton) late lord bishop of Duresme,
in a sermon preached at his funeral in the parish church of St. Pe
ter at Easton-Manduit in Northamptonshire, on Michaelmas-day,
on 2 Tim. iv. 7, 8. London, 1660, 4to.
2. A Summary Account of the Holy Life and Death of Thomas
late Lord. Bishop of Duresme, appended to the Funeral Sermon.
3. Deceivers Deceived, or the Ministers of Wickedness, &c.
a sermon at St. Paul's cathedral the 20th of OCtober 1661, on
Prov. xiv. 8. London, i66'l, 4to.
4. Various Letters on Important Occasions, in the Appendix
to his Life. Svo, 1724.
John Butler, A. M. Fellowship.
He came of a good family in Bedfordshire, and was in
corporated A. M. at Oxford in the year 1644. Wood men
tions one John Butler, B. D. who printed, in 1671, a book
entitled " A Brief (but True) Account of the certain Year,
Month, Day, and Minute, of the Birth of Jesus Christ ;" in
reply to Mr. Selden's posthumous traCt on the same subjeCt.
Wood says, " This'Butler, whom I take to be a Cambridge
man, is a great pretender to astrology, and had lately some
sharp debates in print, in reference thereunto, with Dr.
Henry Moore of the same university." Adi. II. 1 82. Dr.
W^ker notes a Dr. John Butler, who was canon of Wind
sor, and died in 1682. If this was the same person with
•the former, which is not unlikely, he was related to James
duke of Ormond, to whom he was also chaplain.
Edward Watts, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Hertfordshire.
Samuel Drake, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in Yorkshire, ejeCted for refusing the cove
nant, and was in arms for his majesty at Newark. On the
restoration he became vicar of PontefraCt in his native
county ;

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF C AMBRID GE. 279
county ; in which he was succeeded by his son, to whom
Dr. Walker acknowleges himself indebted for considerable
assistance. Peter Barwick, A. B. Fellowship.
He was brother to the excellent Dr.. John Barwick, and
was born in 1619, at Wethersbeck in Westmoreland. He
¦ went to the same grammar school with his brother, till he
was fitted for the university, when he removed to this col
lege in 1637. In 1642 he took the degree of A. B. and in
1644 was nominated by the bishop of Ely to a fellowship
which was in his lordship's gift ; but the iniquity of the times
prevented his enjoying the benefit of the presentation.
Shortly afterwards, he became tutor to a gentleman's son in
Leicestershire, and in 1647 returned to Cambridge, where
he took his master's degree, and applied to the study of phy-
: sic. How he disposed of himself for some years, does not
clearly -appear ; because he who so elegantly recorded the
loyal services of his brother, as studiously concealed his own.
It is, however, probable that he was engaged in the service
of his sovereign, since it is certain that he was at Worcester
in 1651, where he had access to king Charles II. who testi
fied to him a very kind sense; of the fidelity of his family.
In 1655 he was created M. D. and two years "afterwards he
took a house in St. Paul's Church-yard ; about which time
he married the widow of an eminent merchant, and a near
relation of archbishop Laud. Being, thus settled, he soon
gained a very great repute in the city, for .'his skill in his
• profession, ' as well as amongst the learned, by his judicious
defence of Dr. Harvey's Discovery of the circulation of the
blood. At this house he entertained his brother Dr. John
Barwick, who read therein daily the Liturgy of the Church
of England, to a few faithful royalists, and prayed for his
exiled master. After' the restoration, he was made one of
the king's physicians in ordinary. In 1686, being compelled
by the dreadful fire to remove from St. Paul's Church
yard, where he had remained all the time of the plague,
and been very aCtive and serviceable in his profession, he
took another house near Westminster Abbey, for the sake
of being near that cathedral, to which he constantly resorted
every morning at six o'clock prayers. He was a very dili
gent physician, and remarkably successful in the small-pox,
and in most kinds of fevers. Yet he was far from making
money an objeCt of his care ; for during the many years that
S4 he

28Q ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE,
he practised, he not only gave advice and medicines gratis to
the poor, but likewise charitably administered to their wants
irv other respeCts. He was very kind to those who had suf
fered for the royal cause, to which he was a firm adherent
all his life.
_ In 1694 he entirely lost his sight, on which he gave
over his praCtice and lived privately, giving himself up to
contemplation, and the conversation of a few intimate friends,
particularly his neighbour Dr. Busby. In the latter part of
his life, he was much troubled with the stone ; and about
the end of August 1705, was seized with a vomiting and
looseness, followed by an intermitting fever, which carried
him off, September 4, the same year, in the 86th year of
his age. His remains were interred, without any monu
ment, by his own direction, near the body of his dear wife,
in the parish church of St. Faith under St. Paul's. He
left behind him an only daughter, who married Sir Ralph
Dutton of Sherborne in Dorsetshire.
Works. — Besides what we have noticed above, he wrote the
Life -bf his Brother the Dean, in elegant Latin, the MS. of which
was deposited in St. John's college library. And when the shame
ful falsehood was broached by Anthony Walker against king
Charles the First's being the author of Eixcuy Batr/Atxi;', he added an "-
Appendix to that MS. Life in defence of the king's right, and ex
posing in strong terms the character of Walker, who was known
to. the doftor as having been a pupil of his brother.
There were also ejeCted from this college, for refusing the
engagement, Allen Henman, A. M. Robert Clarke, B. D.
Thomas Wantwell, B. D. and John Topping, A. M. The
three former lived to be restored in 1660; and the latter,
who was one of the many converts from Popery made
by archbishop Wren of Ely, marrying about the time of
his ejeCtion, nominated Mr. Peter Barwick to succeed him.

KING'S

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 281

KING'S COLLEGE.
SamUEL Collins, D. D. Provosthip, Regius Professorship of
Divinity, Prebend of the Seventh Stall in the Church of Ely%
Braintree R. in Essex, and Fenny-Ditton R. in Cambridge
shire.He was born in Buckinghamshire, and was the son of
Mr. Baldwin Collins, whom Queen Elizabeth, for his great
piety and charity, used to call Father Collins. He received
his grammatical education at Eton, and gave great hopes,
while at that school, of becoming a very eminent man.
From thence he was, in 1591, eleCted to King's College, of
which he was chosen feEow, in opposition to six competi
tors ; and at that time, Dr. Goad, the provost, clapping his
hands on Collins's head, said, " This is my child, who, if
he five, shall be my heir and successor." In 1610, he was
presented to the reCtory of Braintree. In 161 5, he was chosen
provost of this college, and two years after obtained thft
regjus professorship of divinity.
When the rebellion began, he adhered faithfully to the
royal cause, for which he was dispossessed of all his prefer
ments, January 9, 1644. The warrant for his ejeCtion from
the provostship, does not specify any misdemeanours as the
grounds for dispossessing him, but only ill affeCtion to the
parliament, disobedience of its ordinances, &c. But the
reasons alleged for depriving him of his living of Fenny-
Ditton, were, his observing the ceremonies, sending malig
nant (i. e. orthodox and loyal) preachers among his parish-
oners, non-residence, and scandalous doCtrine. This was
done by the earl of Manchester in 1643 ; after which he un
derwent greater miseries, for he was imprisoned, plundered,
and otherwise ill used by the party. However, as they could
not find a man among them capable of the professorship,
they restored Dr. Collins to it. When the reformers had
stripped him of all, he used pleasantly to say, " They might,
if they pleased, take his preferments, but he would never
take their covenant. He was succeeded in the provostship
by Mr. afterwards Dr. Wlueficot, who consented that he
should have a yearly stipend paid him out of the common
dividend allotted to the provostship, which was continued to
the

582 KING'S COLLEGE,
the time of his death. Dr. Whichcot also left a legacy of
one hundred pounds to Sir John Collins, the son of this
excellent man ; but (as Dr. Walker observes) if he intended
it as restitution, it serves only to condemn him, for he had
received many hundred pounds of the old gentleman's, and
was able to have restored the whole.
Dr. Collins died at Cambridge in 1651. He had pos
sessed the chair almost thirty years, when the faCtion first
thought fit to turn him out of it ; . and had so much merited
the reputation of a good scholar, that his name was famous
and his person desirable in every protestant university in
Christendom. He had once an offer made him of the
bishopric of Bristol, which he refused.
He wrote apiece, entitled " Epphata, to F. T. (i..e. Thomas
Fitzherbert the Jesuit) or a "Defence of the Bishop of Ely,
(Launcelot Andrews,) concerning his Answer to Cardinal Bellar.
.mine's Apology, against the calumnies of a scandalous pamphlet."
Cambridge, 1617, 4to.
Henry Edmonds, A'. M. Fellowship.
He was eleCted from Eton to this college in 1627;
Charles Mason, A. M. Fellowship.
He was eleCted to this college from Eton school in 1630,
or 1631 ; was afterwards Tripos and Prsevaricator. Hewas
'created D. D. at Oxford, November 1, 1642 ; presented to
the reCtory of Stowre-Provost in Dorsetshire ; admitted to
the reCtory of St. Mary Woolchurch, in 1661 ; made pre
bendary of St. Paul's in 1663 ; collated to the reCtory of St.
Peter's Poor in 1669, and died in 1677. One Charles Mason,
whom Dr. Walker supposes to have been the same with
the deprived fellow of King's, had the prebend of Beamister
prima in the church of Salisbury, 1671.
He wrote — 1. Concio ad. Clerum Londinensim, in Ecclesia S.
Alphagi. Lohdon, 1676, 4to.
2. Miles Christianas, preached to the Artillery Company,
October 16, 1673, at St. Michael's in Cornhill, on 2 Tim. 2, 3.
4 to. William Franklyn, A. M. Fellowship.
Some years after his ejeCtion, he apostatized, took the co
venant, and was restored by the parliament in 1647 ; so that
he hardly merits a name in this work.'
Chris*

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 283
Christopher Wase, A. B. Fellowship.
He was born at Hackney, eleCted to this college from
Eton school in 1645, took one degree, and was then turned
out ofthe college for publishing a translation of the EleCtra,
and delivering a feigned letter from the king to Dr. Collins.
He afterwards married, and was some time school-master at
Dedham in Essex, as also at Tunbridge in Kent ; was at
length chosen superior beadle of law, and archi-typographer
to the university of Oxford. He translated Hugo Grotius's
Catechism from Latin verse into Greek verse, and pub
lished some other things.
J. Anstey, A. M. Fellowship.
He was eleCted to this college from Eton school in 1628.
Barnaby Barlow, A. M. Fellowship.
The reason why there were so few of the fellows ejeCted
from this college, was, that Dr. Whichcot, the new provost,
as he had never taken the covenant himself, so, by the parti
cular friendship which he had with some of the chief of the
visitors, prevailed to have the greatest part of the fellows of
. the college exempted from that imposition, and preserved
tliem in their places *.

MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
Edward Rainbow, D. D. Mastership.
He was not ejeCted at the time when the Querela Was pub
lished ; but in the year 1650, he was turned out for refusing
the engagement : and since he had never taken the covenant,
though possibly in some other things he might have com
plied with the times more than became him, we set him
down as one who suffered under the usurpations of those
times. He was son of Thomas Rainbow, reCtor of Bliton in Lin
colnshire, born there April 20, 1608; entered first at Corpus. Christi
* Archbishop Tillotson's Fun. Sermon for Dr. Whichcot.

284 MAGDALEN COLLEGE,
Christi college in Oxford, and from thence removed to this
college. Some time before he became fellow of this college,
lie had taught a school at Kirton near his native place, and
had been curate at the Savoy. He was also some time house
hold chaplain to the earl of Suffolk. In 1660 he was restored
to his college, and became chaplain to his majesty; and dean
of Peterborough ; two years after, he was vice-chancellor of
this university ; and in 1664 was advanced to the episcopal
chair of Carlisle, where he died, on March 26, 1684.
He published some sermons, and gave 1501. to St. Paul's
cathedral.  Howorth, B. D. Fellowship.
One John Howorth of this., college, who was probably the
same person with this gentleman, was chaplain and tutor to
the earl of Abingdon, prebendary of Peterborough, master
of this college, D. D. vice-chancellor of this university, in
part of the years 1666 and 1667 ; and died, as it is conjec
tured, in the last of those years.
Richard Perenchief,  . Fellowship.
He outlived the usurpation, but returned not to the col
lege, being soon after the restoration of his majesty admitted
to the reCtory of St. Mildred's in the Poultry, and again in
stituted to the same church, with that of St. Mary-Cole
church annexed, in 1671. November 3, 1664, he had a
prebend Of Westminster bestowed upon him ; August 2,
1667, being then D. D. he was collated to the prebend of
Chiswick in the church of St. Paul, and installed archdeacon
of Huntingdon, April 2, 1670. He was also sub-almoner to
his majesty king Charles II. and died September 3, 1673.
He published the collection of king Charles's works, made
by Mr. Fulman, to which he prefixed the Life of that excel
lent prince. [
 Howorth, junior. Fellowship,
One Theophilus Howorth, M, D. of this university and
college, was incorporated at Oxford in the year 1669. He
was of the college of physicians, probably the same person
with this sufferer.
Besides the above, the following fellows were ejeCted : >
— Green, LL. D. — Pullen, B. D. — Leech, B. D.
— Butler, A. M. — Gale,  . Fellowship. In

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 285
In 1650, one Mr. John Davis was turned out pf a fellow
ship of this college by the parliament, on account of the
engagement ; and therefore he belongs not to this list, un
less he had till that time persevered in loyalty and fidelity
o the church.
. It is remarkable that the leaf (in the register of the college1)
which is thought to have contained the names of those wlib
were ejeCted, (but whether for the covenant or engagement
is not certain,) is cut out of the book, for there are t<«fo
pages of it wanting, just about the time of these trans
actions.

PEMBROKE HALL.
Benjamin Laney, D. D. Mastership, Prebendof Westmin
ster, and Buriton R. in Hampshire.-
He was the youngest son of John Laney of Cratfield, in
the county of Suffolk, esq. by Mary his wife daughter of
John Poley of Bodley, in the same county, esq. and Anne
his wife, eldest daughter of Thomas Lord Wentworth, baron
of Nettlested.
He was first admitted of Christ's college ; but being of
Suffolk, and B. A. he was chosen Smart's fellow of this Hall,
Nov. 29, 1616; made M. A. and foundation fellow QCtobcr,
16, {618 ; had the college title for orders, Feb. 6, following,
and a testimonial Feb. 1, 1619; B. D. 1622 ;. and being
about to travel, he had leave of absence for two years. May
4, 1625, the college having then had letters from the secrej-
tary of state, requiring, in his majesty's name, that all profits
be reserved to Mr. Laney during his abs'ence, the college
chose him master, Dec. 25, 1630. He was doCtor of divinity
and vice chancellor in 1632; reCtor of Buriton in Hamp
shire, prebendary of Winchester and of Westminster, and
chaplain to king Charles I.
He was turned out of his mastership by the earl of Man
chester, March 13, 1643, for refusing the covenant; being
succeeded by the noted Mr. Richard Vines, who gave way in
his turn to the independents in 1650, for refusing the en
gagement.
Dr.

286 PEMBROKE HALL.
Dr. Laney attended on the king's service at the treaty of
Uxbridge, " being then esteemed (says Wood) a learned
divine. Afterwards, when king Charles II. was in exile, he
did in a most dutiful manner attend him, and for several years
after suffered great calamity, as innumerable royalists did.*'
At the restoration he recovered his mastership, and in recom
pence of his sufferings was made dean of Rochester in 1 660,
and soon after bishop of Peterborough. He resigned his
mastership in 1662, was translated to Lincoln in 1663, to Ely
in 1667, and died in 1674. He gave 5001. to St. Paul's, and
left the college by his will 5001. for augmenting Smart's fel
lowship, and founding a new one; but only 3501. was received
by the college *. Five of his sermons preached before the
king were printed in 1668-9. And after his death were
published his " Observations on a Letter about Liberty and
Necessity," 12mo, London 1676 ; which letter was written
to the duke of Newcastle by Thomas "Hobbes. Wood's
Fasti, vol. i. 207.
Roger Ashton, A. M. Fellowship, and Lynton V.
Cambridgeshire.
He was a native of Middlesex, admitted of this house in
1628, and chosen fellow in 1634. He was ejeCted April 8,
1644, and on the 15th of the same month was dispossessed
of his living by the earl of Manchester, for observing the orders
of the church, and for malignancy or loyalty ; and because
the society of Pembroke Hall had presented him on the re
commendation of bishop Wren, who was very obnoxious to
the puritans. He outlived the usurpation, and was restored
to his fellowship in 1660, in which year he took the degree
of D. D. He was afterwards presented to the vicarage of
St. Andrew Plymouth, and made prebendary of Exeter. He
was a benefaCtor to the college library.
Nicholas Felton, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Norfolk, admitted in 1633, and ejeCted
in 1644, for refusing the covenant, five days before he was
asked the question whether he would take it or no ; as the
warrant for his ejeCtment shewed.
Mark Frank, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born at Brickhill, Buckinghamshire. Admitted,
July 4, 1627, scholar 1630; elefted fellow OCtober 8, 1634,
ejeCted 1644 ; but restored iri 1660. The year following he
took
f Loder's Hist, of Framlingham, p. %(/).

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 287
took his degree of D. D. and in 1662 was chosen master of
the college. He became afterwards chaplain to the arch
bishop of Canterbury, reCtor of Barley in Hertfordshire,
archdeacon of St. Alban's, treasurer and prebend of St.
Paul's. He was the author of a course of 51 Sermons, and
one at St. Paul's Cross, folio 1672, to which his portrait is
prefixed. He died in 1664, and was buried near the en
trance of the north door of St. Paul's cathedral.
Robert Mapletoft, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born at North Thoresby in Lincolnshire, Jan. 25,
1609, educated at Lowth school in that county, from thence
sent ,to Queen's college, and removed hither when A. B-
and chosen fellow Jan. 6, 1631. He was made chaplain to
bishop Wren in 1638. He tiok his degree of B. D. in
1644, and the same year was ejeCted for refusing the cove
nant. In the rebellion he lived quietly among his friends, par
ticularly at Sir Robert Shirley's in Lincolnshire ; and had
afterwards a private congregation in Lincoln, where he used
to officiate according to the liturgy of the church of Eng
land, which had hke to have, occasioned him much trouble ;
but it being found, upon enquiry, that his congregation had
offered him a considerable sum of money, and that he had
refused it, he came off safe.
Upon the king's restoration, he was again possessed of his
fellowship in 1660, made sub-dean of Lincoln, and about
that t-imereCtor of Claworth in Northamptonshire, which he
afterwards exchanged for the vicarage of Soham, and re
signed his fellowship in 1661.
He was chosen master of this house in 1664, at wliich time.
he was D. D. Shortly afterwards, he was invited by arch-/
bishop Sheldon to be chaplain to the duchess of York, who
was then supposed to be inclined to Popery, and in want of
a mah of Dr. Mapletoft' s, primitive stamp to keep her steady
to her religion ; but he could not be prevailed with to ac
cept the invitation. He was made dean of Ely in 1667,
served the office of vice chancellor in 1671, and died Aug.
20, 1677 *. William Quarles, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of London, chosen fellow in 1630, and
ejeCted
* Lodcr, U. S. 273.

288 PEMBROKE HALL,
ejeCted in 1644. He outlived the usurpation, and was re-,
stored to his fellowship. In 1663 he was junior proctor,
president in 1664, and Framlingham treasurer 1666, pre
sented to the living of Rawreth in Essex, April 12, 1670,
but resigned it in July following. He gave 1001. towards
the building the north side of the new court of this Hall ;
and by his will 10Q1. more for the augmentation ofthe lib
rary keeper's salary, and 201. to buy a book yearly for the
library, to which he gave all his books f . He was concern
ed in composing " Certain considerations against the solemn
league and covenant." John Pooley, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Suffolk, chosen fellow in 1624, took
his master's degree in 1626, was junior proCtor in 1642, and
ejeCted in 1644, for refusing the covenant. But whether
married, preferred, or dead at the king's restoration, is un
certain, for restored he was not, [Loder, p. 249.] A per
son of the same name was created D. D. at Oxford in 1682,
and was dean of Kilkenny in Ireland.
John Randolph, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of London, and chosen fellow in 1631.
He was taxor in 1643, and ejeCted for refusing the cove
nant the year following, but lived to be restored in 1660.
He resigned his fellowship, however, the same year. His
wife gave 51. to the use of the college Hbrary.
Anthony Bokenham, A.M. Fellowship, ana Thelnothani
in Suffolk.
He was descended from the ancient and honourable family
of the Bokenhams of Thornham-hall, in Suffolk ; born July
29, 1616 ; admitted of this house in 1632, tanquam socius.
In 1644 he was deprived of his fellowship by the earl of
Manchester, and lost, for his loyalty, his temporal estate also;
upon which he was forced (says Dr. Walker,) to fly beyond
the seas, and lived some time at Leghorn, some time at Con
stantinople, where he was secretary to Sir Thomas Bendish,
ambassador from king Charles II. to the Turkish em- '
peror, and at length settled at Smyrna as consul for the
English faCtory. On the restoration he returned to his
native country, and his proper profession, and quitted Thel-
nothara
+ ibid.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 289
nothanl for the reCtory of Helmingham in the same county,
which he resigned in 1689, and was buried there January 8-,
1 703,- aged about 90. He was a benefaCtor to the college
library. John Vaughan, B. D. Fellowship.
He was born in London, chosen fellow of bishop An
drew's foundation OCt. 20, 1627, and ejeCted in 1644. He
was also vicar of Saxthorpe in Norfolk, to which he was pre
sented by his college, but deprived of it at the time of his ex
pulsion. Thomas Weedon, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Hertfordshire, chosen fellow in 163f,
ejeCted in 1644, and restored in 1660.
John Heath, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born in London, chosen fellow in 1634, ejeCted in
1644, and died before the restoration.
Thomas Lenthall, A. M. Fellowship.
He was admitted questionist from Christ's college in
1632, but when chosen fellow is uncertain. He was eje&ed
in 1644, and afterwards turned Roman catholic.
George Debden, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at Ipswich in Suffolk, admitted in 1631,
and ejeCted in 1644.
William Hammond, A. M. Fellowship.
He was a native of Kent, admitted 1633, ejeCted in 1644,
and died before the restoration.
John Gacot, A. M. Fellowship.
Dr. Walker wrongly calls him Cacot. He was a native
of Kent; was first of Christ's college, and in 1637 admitted
of this house. He was ejeCted in 1644, and died before the
restoration. John Keene, A. M. Fellowship. ~
Hewas born at Ipswich in Suffolk, admitted in 1633,
ejeCtedin 1644, restored in 1660, .and resigned in 1664.
Edmund Keene, A. M. Fellowship.
He was brother of the former, and was admitted in
1636, ejeCted with the other fellows, and restored in 1660.
vol. 1. T He

290 PEMBROKE HALL,
He resigned about 1666, at which time he was reCtor of Hard
wick in Cambridgeshire ; he had also the living of Newton
in the isle of Ely. Of the same family was the late Dr.
Keene, bishop of Ely.
Henry May, A. M. Fellowship.
He was born at St. Edmundsbury, admitted in 1636, ejec
ted in 1644, and died before the restoration.
John Holney, Fellowship.
He was a native of Suffolk, admitted in 1635, and ejeCted
in 1644 : Dr- Walker has omitted him. Samuel Balcanquall
and Edward Sterne were not ejeCted at the same time with
the preceding ; but whether they complied with the condi
tions imposed by the visitors is uncertain : however, they
were both deprived on account ofthe engagement in 1650.
There is yet to be seen in the window of the middle cham
ber next the hall of the north building, in the new court,
this inscription : Longum floreas
Grandasva mater Pembrochiana
Invidias odiisq. superstes !*
Hoc tibi ex animo precatur,
Immerens immerito
Ejeftus filius, E. S. Oft. 1650.
To the former list certainly ought to be added,
Edmund Baldero, B. D.
Whose name does not indeed occur in the Querela among
the ejeCted fellows, yet that he was dispossessed about the
same time with the other fellows, cannot be doubted. Dr.
Walker mentions him at the end of the university, but we
think that he ought rather to be noticed in this place. He
was a native of St. Edmundsbury in Suffolk, and became
fellow of this house, but in what year is uncertain. When
the earl of Manchester came to Cambridge, the covenant
was tendered to Mr. Baldero, who scrupling the taking of it,
unless it was explained by his lordship's chaplain, he was sent
up to London on a charge of contempt; he was detained
ih prison for a long time, and at a great expence. He was
for some time, preacher of St. Lawrence in Ipswich, and had a
hand
* Lodcr,-p, 271.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 291
hand with Dr. Barwick, Dr. Gunning, and others in draw
ing up the considerations against the solemn league and cove
nant. He suffered much for his loyalty both in England
and Scotland, in which last country he served under the great
marquis of Montrose. After the restoration, he took his
degree of D. D. was chosen master df Jesus college, served
the office of vice-chancellor in 1668 and 1674; and died in
July 5, 1679, in the 72d year of his age.

PETER HOUSE.
John Cosin, D. D. Mastership.
He was ejeCted by a warrant from the earl of Manchester,
dated March 13, 1643, for opposing the proceedings of
the parliament, and other scandalous aCts in the university ;
but no particular aCt is mentioned in the warrant, and he was
the very first person of this university that was turned out.
The first fellow that occurs thus dispossessed, was Mr. Hall
of Jesus. Dr. Cosin, at the time of his ejeCtion, Was suc
ceeded by Mr. Lazarus Seaman. The same earl ordered
him to be restored by a warrant dated August 3, 1660, which
begins with these unaccountable words : " Whereas I am
informed that Dr. John Cosin, &c. hath been ejeCted, &c."
whereas he had himself ejeCted him. Upon the restoration,
the fellows of this house, in a petition to his majesty, com
plained of the arbitrary and unstatutable government of Sea
man, who, they said, lived in a constant opposition and
open contempt of the wholesome and good rules and laws
of the founder, &c. and requested that Dr. Cosin might be
restored to the mastership. — For a further account of him,
see Peterborough Cathedral.
Isaac Barrow,  . Fellowship.
He was son of Isaac Barrow of Spiney Abbey, in Cam-
*bridgeshire, and uncle ofthe famous. Dr. Isaac Barrow, mas
ter of Trinity coUege in Cambridge. He was admitted of this
college in 1629, was chosen scholar in 1630, and afterwards
fellow ; but was ejeCted by the earl of Manchester January
13, 1644. Whereupon he went to Oxford, and was ap-
T 2 pointed

292 PETER HOUSE,
pointed one of the chaplains of New college, by the warden
Dr. Pink. It is said that he was created B. D. in that uni
versity, on the 23d of June 1646 ; but his nan$eis!not to.be
found in the register *. He continued at Oxford till the
garrison of that place surrendered to the parliament ; after
which he shifted from place to place, and suffered with the
rest of the loyal and orthodox clergy. At the restoration
he not only recovered his fellowship in Peter House, but was
likewise eleCted one of the fellows of Eton college, near
Windsor. On the 5th of July 1663, he was consecrated
bishop of Man, in the chapel of Henry the VII. at West
minster ; the sermon on which occasion was preached by
his nephew : and the year following he was appointed, by
Charles earl of Derby, governor of the isle ; which office
he discharged, with great reputation, all the time that he
held the see, and some time after his translation to that of
St. Asaph. He held his fellowship of Eton in commendam,
with the bishopric of Man, and was a considerable benefac
tor to that island, and especially to the clergy thereof. For
instance, he collected, with great care and pains, from pious
persons, one thousand and eighty-one pounds, and upwards;
with which he purchased of the earl of Derby all the im
propriations in the island, and settled them upon the clergy
m proportion to their several wants. He obliged them all
likewise to teach school, in their respective parishes, and
allowed thirty pounds per annum for a free-school, and fifty
for academical learning. He procured also from king
Charles II. one hundred pounds a year, (which Wood says,
hadiike to have been lost,) to be settled upon his clergy; and
gave one hundred and thirty-five pounds of his own money,
for a lease upon lands of twenty pounds a year, towards the
maintenance of three poor scholars in the college of Dublin,
that in time there might be a more learned body of clergy
in the island. He gave likewise ten pounds towards the
building a bridge, over a dangerous water, and did several
other aCts of charity and beneficence f. Upon his going, into
England for the sake of his health, and lodging in a house
belonging to the countess of Derby, in Lancashire, called
Cross-hall, he learnt the news of his majesty's having con
ferred on him the bishopric of St. Asaph, to which, he was
translated on March the 21st, 1669. To this diocese he
was
* Wood, Fasti Oxon. ¦)- Athen.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 293
was likewise no inconsiderable benefaCtor. For he repaired'
several parts of the cathedral church, especially the north
and south aisles, and new covered them with lead, and
wainscotted the east part of the choir. He laid out a con
siderable sum of money in repairing the episcopal palace,
and a mill belonging to it. In 1678; he' built art alms-house
for eight poor widows, and endowed it with twelve pounds
per annum for ever. The same year, he procured an aCt of
parliament for appropriating the reCtories of Llaurhaiader -
and Mochnant, in Denbighshire and Montgomeryshire, and
of Skeviog, in the county of Flint, for repairs of the cathe
dral church of St. Asaph, and the better maintenance of the
choir therein ; and also for the uniting several reCtories that
were sinecures, and the vicarages of the same parishes
within the said diocese. He designed likewise to build a
free-school, and endow it, but was prevented by death. Ne
vertheless, in 1687, bishop Lloyd, who succeeded him in the
see of St. Asaph, received from our prelate's executors two
hundred pounds towards a free-school at St. Asaph. This
worthy prelate died in the 67th year of his age, at Shrews
bury, on the 24th of June 1680, and was buried on the first
of July following, in the cathedral church of St. Asaph.
Over his grave was laid a large flat stone, on which is the
following inscription, engraven on a brass plate : " Exuvia;
Isaaci Asaphensis Episcopi, in manum Domini deposifse, in
spem betse - resurreCtionis per sola Christi merita. O vos
transeuntes in domum domini, domum orationis, orate pro
conservo vestro, ut inveniat misericordiam in die Domini."
This epitaph gave great offence to the presbyterians. What
they excepted against was, no doubt, the latter part of this
inscription ; " O ye, who are passing into the house of the
Lord; the house of prayer, pray for your " fellow-servant,
that he may find mercy in the day of the Lord" — as savour
ing too much of the popish doCtrine of prayers for the dead.'
But let us cite Anthony Wood. " As soon as this epitaph
was put up, the contents thereof' flew about the nation by
the endeavours of the godly faBion, then plumped up with
the hopes of carrying on theirdiabolical designs, upon account
of the popish plot, then in examination and prosecution, to
make the world believe that the Said bishop died a papist,
and that the rest of the bishops were papists also, or at least
popishly affeCted ; and especially for this reason, that they
adhered to his majesty, and took part with him at that time
against the said faCtion, who endeavoUredto bring the nation
T 3 into

2S4 PETER HOUSE,
into confusion by their usual trade of lying and slandering,
Which they haVe always hitherto done, to carry on their ends ;
such is the religion of saints. But so it is, let them say what
they will, that the said bishop was a virtuous, generous, and
godly man, and a true son ofthe church of England ; and it
iS to be wished that those peering, poor-spirited, and sneaking
wretches, would endeavour to follow his example, and not to
lie upon the catch, under the notion of religion, to obtain
their temporal ends, private endowments, comfortable im
portances, filthy lusts, &c. &c." He was concerned with
Dr. Barwick and others, in composing the traCt, entitled
"Certain Disquisitions and Considerations, representing to the
conscience the unlawfulness of the oath, entitled "A Solemn
League and Covenant, &c." 4to, Oxford, 1644.
Richard Crashaw, A. M. Fellowship.
He was the son of that eminent divine Mr. William
Crashaw, and born in London ; was at first scholar of Pem
broke Hall, and afterwards became fellow of this house. He
was ejeCted from his fellowship by the earl of Manchester,
April 8, 1644 ; was for a time put to his shifts, and at length
to one ofthe very worst that he could think of, namely, that
of changing his religion. After which he fled beyond the
seas ; and being a mere scholar, lived in a pitiful and sorry
condition ; in which the famous Cowley discovered him at
Paris, in the year 1646 ; who at that time not only gave
him what support his own mean circumstances would admit
of, but procured some other favours for him. After this
Mr. Crashaw went to Rome, where he became secretary to
a cardinal, and at length one of the canons, or chaplains, of
the rich church of our Lady at Loretto, where he died
in 1650. He was an excellent poet, a great linguist, being
very exaCt in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, and Spanish
tongues ; and though a person of exalted piety, yet a discre
dit to this list.
He wrote several poems —
1. Steps to the Temple. 2. The Delights of the Muses,
S. Carmen Deo Nostro, and other sacred poems.
Mr. Pope certainly read his poems with more than ordinary at
tention. An edition of them was printed at London in 1785,
limo. John Bargrave, A. M. Fellowship.
He was of the family of Bargrave in the parish of Patring-
bourne in Kent He was ejeCted from his fellowship Jan. 13,
1644,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 29.5
1 644 by the earl of Manchester, who was obliged; to restore
him again August 2, 1660. Upon his expulsion he went
abroad ; for Wood says he had been a great traveller, and
adds, it was said that he had an especial hand in an Itine
rary, containing a voyage made through Italy in 1646. and
1647. He was afterwards prebendary of Canterbury, and
died May 11, 1680, aged 70 years. He was incorporated
D. D. at Oxford in 1663.
 Wilsford,  . Fellowship.

One Roger Wilford, D. D. became prebendary of Eld-
land in the church of St. Paul, June 23, 1665. One Francis
Wilford was master of Christ's in Cambridge, and vice-
chancellor in 1665, and part of 1666. One Edward Willis-
ford had liberty granted him to be created B. D. at Oxford
in 1643, if he would come and demand it. Qusere if either
of these was the same person with this sufferer.
Joseph Beaumont, A. M. Fellowship.
He was ejected April. 8, 1644, by the earl of Manchester,
and in June 1 1 of that same year, succeeded by one Charles
Hotham, who was thrust into the fellowship by a warrant
from that lord. In 1643, if Sir Henry Chauncy does not
mistake, he was admitted to the reCtory of Kelshall in Hert
fordshire ; but whether he lost that living is uncertain.
June 22, 1664, being then D. D. he had the reCtory of
Barley in the same county conferred upon him. He became
also master of his college, regius professor of divinity in
this university, prebendary .of Ely, and died Nov. 23, 1699.
He was in great esteem for his learning, and particularly for
his knowledge of the Latin tongue. He wrote a poem en
titled Psyche. Robert Tyringham,  . Fellowship.
He was succeeded by Edward Sammes, on a warrant from
the earl of Manchester, dated June 11, 1644. He was a
native of the county of Leicester, and ejected by the earl of
Manchester, who, by a warrant under his hand,, dated July
30, 1660, ordered him to be restored again, and acknow
ledged that he- had been wrongfully ejeCted. He was proctor
of this university in the year 1661.
Thomas Penniman,  . Fellowship.
He was born in Yorkshire, and was ejeCted by the earl of
Manchester, April S, 1644, who, by his warrant, dated June
T4 11,

2>; PETER HOUSE,
11, the same year, appointed Robert Ouarles to succeed
him. One Mr. Penniman was prebendary of York, and
gave 501. to St. Paul's cathedral. Whether he was the same
with this gentleman is uncertain.
Henry Holder,  . Fellozeship.
He was born in Nottinghamshire, and was turned out
April 8, 1644 by the earl, who, in the same warrant which
ordered Mr. Penniman's successor, appointed Walter Ellis
to succeed Mr. Holder.
John Tolly,  . Fellowship.
The earl of Manchester ejeCted this gentleman likewise
April 8, 1644; and, by his warrant of September 20, fol
lowing, ordered one James Clarke, A. M. to succeed him,
Mr. Tolly was a Londoner by birth.
 Blackiston, A. B. Fellowship.
He was ejected by the same earl, and succeeded by one
Francis Brocke, A. B. The warrant for whose intrusion
was the same with that which appointed Mr. Tolly's suc
cessor ; both Mr. Clarke and Mr. Brocke being included
in it. Christopher Bankes,  . Fellowship.
He was a native of the county of ^ ork, and ejeCted by
the earl of Manchester, who, by his warrant, dated May 8,
1645, appointed one Knightbridge, A. B. to succeed him.
-  Gowyn,  . Fellowship.
He was ejeCted by the earl of Manchester, April 8, 1644.
John Wilson,  . Fellowship.
He was born in Hertfordshire, ejeCted July 24, 1647, and
succeeded by Charles Mildmay,
 Maxwell,  . Fellowship.
 Warr,  . Fellowship.

Farrer Collet, — — . Fellowship.
He was born in the county of Huntingdon, was ejeCted
November 9, 1646, and then succeeded by Robert Harrison
of Trinity college in this university.
r- — Archer,  . Fellowship. Christopher

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 297
Christopher Cummin,  . Fellowship*
He was born in the bishopric of Durham, ejected Nov. 11,
1646, and succeeded by William Richardson of Trinity
college in this university.
 .Symsafe,  . Fellowship.
 ,  . Fellowship..

 Sandys,  . Fellowship.
The number of fellows in this college is twenty-two, and,
Dr. Walker adds, " I have been informed from thence,
that all of them, except Dr. Francis a physician, were turned
out, which makes me insert the blank fellowship ; because
that he and Mr. Cummin last mentioned, added to the num
ber of those mentioned at the end of the Querela, make up
21, the whole of the fellows which were turned out of this
house. Wood indeed saith, Dr. David Stokes was turned
out of a fellowship of this college, which I should judge is a
mistake ; but since he is so positive, quaere if the blank ought
not to be filled up with his name."
Most of these fellows were of the degree of A. M.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Edward Map-tin, D. D. Mastership, Houghton Conquest,
in Bedfordshire. * Dunnington and Connington, R. in Cam
bridgeshire." I take him," says Dr. Walker, " to be the same Dr. Mar
tin who lost all these preferments, though Lloyd, by ac
counting for them in two different places, seems plainly toi,
make the person distinCt ; nor doth Wood, in accounting
for the reCtor of Houghton-conquest, &c. mention his being
master of this college, though indeed he adds in general, that
* Or it may be Dodington, R. unless these two livings are the same, and
jnis-written, the one for the other.

298 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
tbat he lost other spiritualities. I leave it therefore as a
quaere whether they were distinCl or not, and, before I am
otherwise informed, shall proceed to relate what I find said
of both the one and the other (or rather as I judge of the
same person under different capacities). in this place."
The first thing that we meet with of him, worthy of note,
is, that in* 1627 be became chaplain to archbishop Laud,
and from his service was promoted to the mastership of this.
college. Before the breaking out of the rebellion, he had
rendered himself obnoxious to the party, by licensing a book
of Dr. Jackson's, and preaching a sermon of his own against
the predestinarian doctrine ; and when matters were so
ripened, that those tumults broke out into open rebellion, he
felt the hand of the party very heavy upon him ; for having not
only disobliged them in the manner above stated, but also
been aCtive and vigorous in transmitting the plate of this uni
versity to his majesty, he, together with Dr. Sterne and Dr.
Beale, was seized by Cromwell, hurried prisoner to London,
and treated in a most barbarous manner. Besides which,, he
underwent several sufferings that were peculiar to himself.
Nor must it be reckoned among the least of these, that his
name is set down in that infamous libel, intitled The First
Century, &c. where the causes of his sequestration from his
livings are thus assigned, either in effeCt, or in express words,
viz. that he had asserted the necessity of consecrating places
for " divine service;" tiiat he had "stolen wheat-sheaves out
of the field in harvest, and laid them to his" tithe shock,
and this.too, if any one. will believe it, on the Sabbath day ;
that he had " promoted the new canons ;" that he had a-
dored (as they termed it) the " altar, falling down upon his
knees before it," (a plain evidence that he worshipped it,)
" having his eyes on a crucifix being in the east window over
it," (provided orty that any one could swear to a foot, where
a man casts his eye in so large a compass, and at such a di
stance ;) that he had practised the " late illegal innovations,"
obliging women " who came to be churched, to come up to
the altar, and there to kneel to it," (they meant before it,)
and obliged persons to come up there, and on their knees to
offer their alms and oblations to God, which was undoubt
edly a very great hardship ; that he had preached that the
parliament were going " about in a faCtious way to ereCt $
new religion," and had confessed that he " had lent and
given
* Wood Ath,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 299 '
given money to the king to maintain this unnatural war
against the parliament and kingdom ;" that he had prayed
that the saints might be " freed of their pains in purgatory ;"
which Lloyd plainly affirms to be no other than his " bless
ing God for the examples of the saints departed ;" that he
seldom preached at one of his places, and kept there scanda
lous (but withal) malignant curates. To which Lloyd joins
these other crimes of relieving those who were turned out of
the universities, disowning the authority ofthe parliament to
visit those twcf great bodies, and refusing the covenant. As
for his ejeCtment from the mastership, the warrant for it ran
in the self same terms, (and was signed by the same hand,)
with that for the ejeCtment of Dr. Cosin, before-mentioned.
During his imprisonment, which continued upwards of five
years, (Lloyd says, six or seven,) he had a ticket sent to him
at Ely-house, for the 20th part of his estate ; but the sum
which they demanded of him under that notion was such an
extravagant one, that he desired they would take the nine
teen parts to themselves, and leave him the twentieth, viz.
of that estate which their demand supposed him to have.
Whilst he was thus in custody likewise it was that he "
drew up a mock petition, entitled his Submission to the
Covenant, &c. presented in a Petition to the Right Ho
nourable the Lords, &c. ; which is written with such a manly
spirit of boldness, and displays so well the detestable hypo
crisy and villainyof those times, and withal his own sufferings,
that we will insert a great part of it, and give it to the reader
in this place. He represents to their lordships, that " Having
been these five years a prisoner to this honourable house (in
which time having suffered the frequent plunder of his goods,
to the very clothes on his back, and sequestration from any
benefit of livelihood or maintenance, and being unmarried,
he is thereby excluded from plea to so miich as any fifth
part,) he did thereupon prefer his humble petition, that their
lordships would be pleased either to allow him some neces
sary sustenance out of his own estate, or such liberty (upon
bail to appear before this honourable house, upon any term
to be limited by their lordships) whereby he might be enab
led to seek and find some end of his extreme misery, either
by some poor honest life or death." And that, in answer to
this petition, they had told him, that as •" for maintenance
out of his own estate, it was not in their power to allow it ;
and as for liberty upon bail, they were ready to grant it,
upon condition of his taking the covenant." On this answer he

300 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
he grounds the following petitionary representation : " That
the members of convocation, by the statute of the 8 Hen. 6.
are to enjoy the same immunities, as touching their persons
and personal attendance from imprisonment, that any peers
in the house of lords, or members of the house of commons,
for themselves and theirs, do challenge to that effect ; and
that himself at that time was actually a member of the con
vocation." But waving that at present, he comes to the cove
nant, which he says he finds " so opposite to his religion,
faith, and all his duties to God and man, that daily he doth
beseech Almighty God to strengthen him with grace, that
he may endure and embrace any extremity of torture or
death, rather than, in any sense of his own or others, take,
or seem to have taken, that which, for ought he can any
ways inform himself, and other means of information in this
long and strict durance he can have none, must needs run
him into a desperate hazard of all the good he can hope for
in this or any other world." After this he tells them, That
" those recusants in this kingdom, who professed themselves
of the communion of the church of Rome, are very seldom,
if at all, pressed or urged, by any house or committee (to
their great commendation be it ever mentioned !) to that
covenant, upon supposal that they would not swear contrary
to their consciences." And then he adds, " May it please
your lordships to consider, that the church of England, as
it stood established by divine and human laws, and still
stands to all those men upon whose consciences laws have
any obligation, wherein your humble petitioner was made
a member of Christ, and hath received such sensible impres
sions of God's grace as obliges him to perseverance therein,
against all the temptations of the world, the fiesh, or the
devil ; that this church," he says, " may bring up men every •
whit as honest and steady to their principles as the church
of Rome;" and then proceeds : " Therefore, may it please
your lordships to vouchsafe, that Christian men of this our
church, wherein your very lordships have held and profes
sed communion, may find so much credit and countenance
from your honours, as those of the church of Rome daily do,
and not be pressed with an oath more individually and im
mediately penned, meant and intended by the authors of it
against the church of England, its doCtrine, and government, '
than against the church of Rome." He offers further to ¦
their consideration, That, " all our late parliaments in Eng
land, and most of all this wherein their honours are now
8 sitting,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 301
sitting, have professed always great severity, and made strict
inquisition against all men who should intend, practise, or
endeavour, by word or writing, an}- alteration of religion,
or innovation in doctrine or worship, as a capital offence ;
and therefore says, that when he sees and considers men
that endeavour, profess, print, and practise innovations and
alterations in the church doctrine, worship, and government,
in the very creed, in the thirty-nine articles of our confes
sion, in all the ecclesiastical canons, muniments, ceremonies,
sacraments, and in the whole substance of religion, the
public service of God, and liturgy of the church, sealed in
the blood of so many martyrs,' and settled by the sanction
of so many parliaments' ; and when he sees such men go
about every where, not only with indemnity, and without
question, but also rewarded with preferments, immunities,
privileges, for their apostacy from that faith which they have
so often subscribed, preached, practised, and whereunto,
before God, angels, and men, they have plighted their troth.
When he sees again men constant to their religion, and to
their foundation, persecuted and brought to nought, himself
especially, not only with total and final sequestration, but also
with the destiny of perpetual imprisonment, without all
necessaries, even to famine, unless he will forswear and
renounce his religion." When he thus sees such a time of
jubilee and indulgence on the one side, but of hot persecu
tion on the other, he says, that he cannot think their lord
ships mean any other than, as Jehu once served Baal's pro
phets, " to sift and winnow this populous kingdom ; and
by such a seeming distribution of rewards and punishments,
do intend only to find out, and to root out all those wor
shippers of Baal, those false, hypocritical, adulterate pre
tenders to a religion, who manifestly give sentence upon
themselves, that either they have all this while formerly,
notwithstanding all their subscriptions, oaths, and profes
sions, lived and gone on in a wrong way ; or else that they
will now swear themselves into a wrong way for their advan
tage. Neither can your petitioner any wise believe, that it
-can possibly be your lordships will and honourable pleasure,
that either he, or any constant christian, should, by perjury,
seem to be what he is not." After this he adds further,
that having been " obliged by sacraments, no less than
fourteen several times, to this christian allegiance, and
profession of his king's supremacy over all persons in Eng
land whatsoever, or howsoever; and having likewise as often
declared

302 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
declared upon sacrament of oath, that he doth not believe"
tbat any dispensator in the world, no not the pope himself,
the greatest pretender that way that he ever yet heard of,
is able to free or absolve him from that obligation. Now
this covenant quite dissolving that bond of christian alle
giance, and obliging him clean contrary wise, if he should
take it, he could not but judge and condemn himself aposta>-
tized from his christian allegiance, which is a great part of
that christian faith in which he hath hitherto lived, and
wherein he desires God to grant him strength and grace to
abide." After this he lays before them, " how detestable to
all posterity the memory of those gunpowder traitors is,
who took the covenant to extirpate our religion, root and
branch, by taking away our king, queen, royal issue, lords,
commons, archbishops, bishops, deans, deans and chapters,
archdeacons, and all the rest of our ecclesiastical hierarchy,"
&c. ; and then suggests, that this conspiracy was not against
the persons, otherwise than by that means to destroy the
" doctrine, worship, and government of this church ; — and
that only of this church ; not that of Scotland, Geneva, or
any to be set up, for these were not in any being here at
'that time." And the nation having appointed an anniver
sary, and perpetual thanksgiving for the preservation of this
doctrine, worship, and government ; and in this " Thanks
giving, all men of this church, for these forty-two years,
having engaged their souls to Almighty God, either cor
dially, or at least hypocritically, your humble petitioner for
his part professeth cordially, with what face or heart then
can he possibly swear to the extirpation of that religion, for
the preservation whereof, before men and angels, he hath
so often given God hearty thanks." And then he enquires
of them hoiv he shall ever be able to celebrate that thanks
giving for the future, should he in the covenant swear to
extirpate that religion, for the preservation of which he
then pretends to give God thanks; and adds this further
question, " Whether the blood of our forefathers and an
cestors, shed, and ready to be shed, in martyrdom for the
profession and maintenance of this - faith, worship, and
government, and not that of Scotland or Geneva, would
not cry to heaven for vengeance against their posterity, that
should now justify their persecutors, and swear themselves
into the office to extirpate all, without any exception of
king, or parent, if addicted to that religion for which they
so readily lay down their lives? After this he concludes,
7 "Last

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. $QS
" Last of all, seeing that your lordships humble petitioner,
after the loss of all in this world, at your honourable plea
sure, hath past the probation of five years, in six gaols, by
land and by water, with plunders, sequestrations, necessities,
want of all means and support, save that only which at this
blessed time we solemnly celebrate, the mission of God the
comforter unto the hearts of faithful Christians, the public
commemoration of that too, by the consequence of this
covenant, should your petitioner take it, he must swear for
ever hereafter to abandon, and seeing that all these suffer
ings have not been of force to impugn that grace of God,
by which only, and not by any strength or ability of our
own, he professes himself to out-stand.
" May it therefore please your honours, that this five
years probation of extremities may suffice to give your lord
ships indubitable satisfaction, that your humble petitioner
cannot by any means of life or death be moved to enter into
this covenant ; and therefore that your honours would be
pleased to think of any other course for the expiation of
your lordships displeasure upon him, rather than to order
him to perpetual imprisonment even to death, and that by
want and famine too, only for the preservation of that faith
in which he hath, with unspeakable comfort, engaged his
soul to Almighty God ;
" And your petitioner shall ever pray," &c.
Such were the sufferings of this great man ! and such
was his undaunted courage and constancy under them, even
after more than five years of miseries, of prisons and plun-
derings ! but they ended not here ; for when he had at
length obtained his liberty, he was forced to quit his native
country and fly into France, where he continued till tlie
restoration. But, during his abode there, he joined neither
with the Calvinists nor Papists in their, communion ; but
with the " Congregation of old English, and primitive Pro
testants only. And by his regular life -and good doctrine
he reduced some recusants to, and confirmed more doubters
in the Protestant religion." And notwithsanding the re
proach of Popery and other accusations cast on the regular
clergy, and on this worthy doctor in particular, by Prynn,
jt is well known that he had honourable and advantageous
offers made him by some of the Roman communion, which
Jie rejected with, this answer, That he had rather " be a
poor son. of the affiicted hut. primitive church of England, than

304 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
than a rich member of the flourishing but corrupt church
of Rome." In 1660, he returned with his majesty to his
own, and became dean of Ely, in possession of which dig
nity he died in 1662-3. He was excellently well skilled in
the canon, civil, and common law ; was a person of striCt
rules in his conversation, says Lloyd; a godly man, says
Wood ; agreeable to that of his epitaph; " Rigide pius vir,
et severe Justus ;" and was esteemed in Cambridge a person
of " such eminent worth and abilities as rendered him above
the reach of commendation." At the time of his ejectment
from this college, one Mr. Palmer was substituted in his
room. Anthony Sparrow, B. D. Fellowship, and Haukdon in
Suffolk, worth -120/. per annum.
He was born at Depden in Suffolk, became successively
scholar and fellow of this house, and was the very first of
all the loyalists ejected from this college, which happened on
the 8th of April 1644 ; and on the llth of June following
was succeeded by John Wallis, A. M. of Emanuel college.
About the year 1648, or 1649, he obtained the living above
mentioned ; but the committee of religion at Westminster
did not permit him to enjoy it above five weeks. He was
also forced to fly and abscond. He had at that time, or
soon after it, six children ; but could never obtain any fifths
to support them from Mr. Firman, who had been put in to
succeed him there. Under this sequestration he continued
about eleven years, when the restoration of his majesty
reinstated him. After which he was chosen one of the
preachers at St. Edmundsbury ; Aug. 7, that year, he was
installed to the archdeaconry of Sudbury ; and afterwards he
became master of this college. In' 1664 he was vice-chancel
lor; in 1667 he was promoted to the bishopric of Exeter, and
from thence translated to Norwich, where he died in 1685.
He gave 4001. to St. Paul's.
Works. — I. Rationale upon the Book of Common Prayer of the
Church of England. London 1657, 1 2mo.
2. Collection of Articles, Injunctions, Canons, Orders, Ordi
nances, &c. 1661.
S. A Sermon concerning Confession of Sins and the Power of
Absolution. George Bardsey, D. D. Fellowship.
He was ejeCted Aug. 26, 1644 ; and on the 12th of De
cember following, succeeded by Sam. Reyner of Magdalen- hall

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 303
hall in Oxford. He was incorporated at Oxford, Aug. 12,
1645, where he also died in January following.
Thomas Marley, B.D. Fellowship, and Eversden- Parva
R. in Cambridgeshire.
He was ejected both from his living and fellowship by the
earl of Manchester. From the former, April 6, lo'44, for
observing the orders of the church, presenting those who, in
contempt, went out of the church when he went to the altar
to read the second service there, (and these very persons, by
the way, were the witnesses against him,) and for refusing.
the covenant. He was turned out of his fellowship three
days after, and succeeded therein by William Whitaker,
A. B. a Rutlandshire man of Emanuel college.
Daniel Wicherly, B. D. Fellowship, and Hemmwgstone
R. in Suffolk.
He was turned out of the college, June 1, 1644. He
was dispossessed of his living much about the same time, on
sixteen articles notorious for falsehood.
 Chandler, B. D. Fellowship, and Okeington V. in
Cambridgeshire.
He was turned out of his fellowship, June 1, 1644.
July 16th of the same year, he was also, deprived of his
living for his loyalty, and for repairing to his majesty's army.
One-Daniel Chandler was proCtor in this house in 1632, and
probably was the same person with this sufferer.
 Cafel, D. D. Fellowship.
Ejected January 1, 1646 ; but the reason assigned for
ejecting him was his being married, which, if true, he does
not belong to this list.
 Cox, LL. D. Fellowship.
He was expelled the same day with Dr. Capel, and died
soon after. One William Cox of this house was ta^cor in
1619, probably the same gentleman.
 Coldham, B. D. Fellowship.
Ejected April 9, 1644, and succeeded by John Hare,
A. M. of Catharine-hall, the llth of the same month.
 Kemp, B. D. FeUowship.
He was expelled the same day wjth Mr. Coldham; and
vol. i. U his

305 QUEEN'S COLLEGE,
his successor, William Ames, A. B. a Shropshire man, of
Emanuel college, was appointed the same day as Mr. Cold-
ham's was.  Bryan, B. D. Fellowship.

He was expelled April 8, and succeeded by Samuel Sylles,
A M. of Emanuel college, a Northamptonshire man, in
June 11, of the same year.
 Hills, B. D. Fellowship.
He was expelled the same day with Mr. Bryan ; and his
successor, Nathaniel Ingelo, A. M. of Emanuel college, was
admitted the same with Mr. Bryan's successor.
 Rogers, A. M. Fellowship.

He was expelled April 8, 1 644 ; and his successor appears
to have been John Wells, A. M. of Emanuel college, who was
admitted June 1 1 foUowing. One Samuel Rogers of this
house, most probably the same person with this sufferer,
was taxor in 1638 ; and one of both these names became
prebendary of Husbourn and Barbach in the church of Sa
lisbury, Nov. 22, 1661, on the death of James White; and
died himself before Nov. 28, 1668, when he was succeeded
by Dr. Daniel Whitby.
,  Cox, A. M. Fellowship.
He was expelled August 26, 1644 ; and succeeded by
George Griffith, A. B. of Emanuel college, who ! was put
in, January 2, of that same year.
 Walpole, A. M. Fellowship.
He was ejected September 26, 1644 ; butwho succeeded
him, we know not.
 Appleby, A. M. Fellowship.
Hewas turned out April 9, 1644, and John Smith, A. M.
bf Emanuel college was supposed to be the person who
succeeded him ; who was admitted June 11, the same year.
 FREAR, A. M. Fellowship.
He was expelled August 21, 1644 ; and in January 2 of
the same year, Mr. Nath. Debsmk was thrust into:jthi£ col
lege, and into Mr. Frear's fellowship. '

 NaTley, A. M. Fellowship.
He was expelled April 9, 1644. On June 1 1 of that year
6 Samuel

IN THE UNIVERSlf Y' OF CAMBRIDGE. 3()V
SamUel Glover, A.M. a Northamptonshire man of Catharine-
hall, became fellow. of this house, and was Mr. Natley's suc
cessor.  Wells, A. M. Fellowship.
He was expelled September 26, 1644, and John Watson,
A. B. a Lincolnshire man of Emanuel college, who was put
in fellow of this house January 16, 1644, succeeded him.
** This I take," says Dr. Walker, " to have been William
Wells, who, upon the promotion of Dr. Walton to the
bishopric of Chester, was presented by his majesty King
Charles II. to the reCtory of Sandon in Essex, to which he
was admitted December 16, 1663; as he was afterwards to
the archdeaconry of Colchester, February 5, 1666; at which
time he was D. D. and about the latter end of the following
year became master of this college, was vice-chancellor of
the university in the year 1672,, and died some lime before
August 25, 1675."
 Whitehead. * A. B- Fellowship,
He was turned out June 1, in the fatal year 1644. Dec.
12 following, one JohnPypard of Magdalen-hall in Oxford,
was made fellow of this college, and came into Mr. White
head's room.
There were 28 scholarships, which the visitors, in order
to render this work complete, caused to become vacant ; and
that they niight make a thorough reformation in this house, they
left in it neither fellow nor scholar. In this foundation
there are, besides the fellows and scholars, 12 bible clerks,
and four exhibitioners. Whether these were turned out
likewise we do not find, but think that it is very probable
that they were f .

SIDNEY

* Though the list at the end of Querela saith A. M^
f Querela Cant. Lloyd Mem. fuller Hist.

U2

308

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Samuel Ward, D. D. Mastership. Prebend in the Church
, of York. Margaret professorship of Divinity, and Much
.Munden E. in Hertfordshire.
' ¦ He was born at Bishop 's-Middleham in the bishopric of
Durham, of an ancient family, which, however, at that time
it seems was possessed of no considerable estate. He was at
first a scholar of Christ's college, afterwards fellow of Ema
nuel, and at length advanced to the mastership of this house,
and to the archdeaconry of Taunton in the diocese of Bath
and Wells. He was likewise chaplain in ordinary to the
king, and in 1620 served the office of vice-chancellor. He
was one of tlie divines at the synod of Dordt, where he
greatly distinguished himself by his learning and moderation.
Dr. Walker says, that, as he was always esteemed a puritan,
he was on that account nominated one ef the committee for
religion, which sat in the Jerusalem chamber in 1640, as
likewise one of the assembly of divines ; but he never'
vouchsafed them his company. On this a few remarks
may be proper, and that to rescue a good man from an
illiberal aspersion. That Dr. Ward was inclined to the
Calvinistic doctrine is certain; but if this was the onty
ground for suspecting him of puritanism, it was very insuf
ficient, for some of the most zealous prelates were of the
same sentiments. Bitt there is a proof, which Dr. Walker
has himself produced, that Will be more than considered as
a refutation of ' tlie accusation which he has indiscreetly
copied from Wood : and that is, Dr. Ward's being chaplain
to Bishop Montague, a prelate whose opposition to purita
nism, as well as to the predestinarian doCtrines, rendered
him very obnoxious to the reforming party. Had Dr. Ward
been tinftured with any thing like a puritanical spirit, it is
hardly likely that so zealous a champion for the Church of
England would have chosen him for his chaplain. But the
conduCt of this venerable man at .the beginning of the rebel
lion will abundantly establish his charaCter as a firm member
of the church, and as a confessor on her behalf when she
was exposed to the ravages of an innovating faction. When
the civil wars broke out, he concurred with the other heads
of houses, in sending money and the college plate to his
majesty..

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. S09
majesty. He was likewise in the Convocation house when
all the members of the university there assembled, many of
them sixty years old and upwards, were kept prisoners in
the public school, in an exceeding cold night, till midnight,
without any accommodations for food, firing, or lodging ;
and for no other reason but only because they could not in
conscience comply, or contribute' any thing towards carrying
on the detestable war against his majesty ; arid, to complete
this outrage, it was done, among all the days of the year,
upon Good Friday. After this he was deprived of his head
ship and professorship ; as also plundered arjd imprisoned
both in his own and St. John's college ; during which con
finement he contracted a disease which put an end to his
life, about six weeks after obtaining his release, September
7, 1643. He was a most excellent governor, and. an exact
disciplinarian in his college, which flourished so much under
him, that four new fellowships were founded in his , time,
-all the scholarships were augmented, and a chapel, together
with a new fair range of buildings, were ereCted. He was
also arnan of known integrity, and universally esteemed; and
at the synod of Dordt he had this character : " Modestia
ipsa, quas plus celarit eruditionis quam alii habent ; Utera
rum abyssus, taciturnus, et profundus ; qui quot verba, tot
expressit, e sulco pectoris, oracula." He was held in great
estimation by the learned Archbishop Usher, between whom
and Dr. Ward there was a frequent correspondence, which
may be seen in the collection of that prelate's letters pub
lished by Dr. Parr. After his death, his namesake, (who,
though patronized by him, was not his relation,) Bishop
Ward, published some of his determinations and prelections.
He had also a hand in translating part of the Apocrypha in
King James's Bible. He died in great want, and .breathed
his last in these words, " God bless the King and my Lord
Hopeton !" His successor in the mastership was one Mr.
Minshui ; but the learned Herbert Thorndike had the ma
jority of votes. The matter was carried before the king at
Oxford, where, by the interest of Lord Leslie, the election
of the former was confirmed. In the professorship the uni
versity chose Dr. Holdsworth master of Emanuel college, but
"he enjoyed nothing more of it than the title
Robert Bertie, A. M. Fellowship.
" Of whom," says Walker, " I find this note, Regis
mdndato admissus, temporum injuria pulsus." He was ejected
U-S by

BIO SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
by the earl of Manchester, April 8, 1644. He was the son
of the earl of Lindsey, and is reported to have borne arms
for the king ; which, however, a relation of his own contra-'-
dieted, but for what reason or on what grounds does not
appear. It certainly could have been no disgrace to him, and
notwithstanding the denial of it, the circumstance is by no
means improbable, since his father was in his majesty's con
fidence at Oxford. Dr. Walker adds of this Mr. Bertie,
" that he was a charitable good man, and died not many
years before he wrote."
Seth Ward, A. M. Fellowship.
He was the son of John Ward, a respeCtable attorney at
Buntingford in Herefordshire, where he was born in 1618.
He had the first rudiments of Latin, in the grammar school
of h:s native town, under an indifferent teacher, but this de
ficiency was' made up by his great ingenuity, and the instruc
tions of his mother, who was a most excellent and sensible
woman. At the age of fourteen he was deemed fit for the
university, and was accordingly recommended by Mr. Strange,
vicar of Buntingford, to the patronage of Mr. Samuel Ward,
master of this college. That worthy man, who had a great
regard for Mr. Strange, accordingly toak his young name
sake (though he was no way related to him,) into his parti
cular care, lodged him in his own apartment, allowed him
the use of his library, and, in a word, treated him as if he
had been his own son.
Here he made a great progress in all branches of learning,
but particularly in the mathematics, the occasion of his stu
dying which was this : Finding some books on that science
in the college library, " he enquired, all the college over, for
a guide to instruCt him in that way, (says his biographer Dr.
Pope,) but all his search -was in vain ; these books were
Greek, I mean unintelligible, to all the fellows ofthe college."
However, he made up by his Own diligence and sagacity for
the want of a tutor; and when he was sophister, he disputed
on mathematical subjeCts, more like a master than a "learner,
which disputation Dr. Bainbridge, (himself a great mathema
tician, and afterwards Savilian professor of astronomy at Ox
ford,) heard, greatly esteemed and commended. At his -act
for the degree of bachelor of arts, his questions were con-
cernim;- the Julian and Gregorian account of the year, which
gave occasion to Mr. Thorndike, then proCtor,' to take spe
c's! notice of him, and presented him to the acquaintance of
other

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 3 1 1
Other ingenious persons, as Dr. Pearson, Sir Charles Scar
borough, Mr. Laurence Rooke, &c. In the year 1 640, Dr.
Cosin was vice-chancellor, and he appointed Mr. Ward to
be prevaricator, in which place he gave great satisfaction to
¦the major part of the auditory ; however, oh some account
or other his speech displeased the vice-chancellor, who su
spended him his degree, but reversed his censure the day
following." When Dr. Ward, the master, was imprisoned by th: re
bels, Mr. Ward voluntarily accompanied him, and submit
ted to that confinement, that he might assist so good a man
and so" great a friend in that extremity. The great inconve
nience of so close a confinement, in the height of a hot
summer, caused some of Dr. Ward's friends to mediate for
his removal, at least for some weeks, which was granted ;
and, in the beginning of August, he was permitted to go to
his own house, whither Mr. Ward accompanied him,. On
the 7th of September following the good old man expired ;
and Mr. Ward, who never left him, was with him in the
last moments of his life, and closed his eyes.
Upon the death of his patron, the fellows assembled to
choose a new master, when Mr. Ward, with nine others,
gave their votes for Mr. Thorndike ; but, while the election
was going on, a band of soldiers broke in, and forcibly car
ried away one ofthe persons who had voted for Mr. Thorn
dike, by which means his opponent, Minshul, had an equal
number of votes, including his own. In consequence of
this violence Mr. Ward and another repaired to Oxford,
and procured a mandamus from the king, commanding Mr.
Minshul and the fellows of Sidney College to repair thi
ther to give an account of their proceedings.
On the other side, Mr. Bertie, before mentioned, was also
sent to Oxford, where, by the assistance of the earl of
Lindsey, he obtained an, order from the king, confirming
Mr. Minshul's eleCtion ; and Mr. Thorndike, seeing, it was
in vain to resist, gave up the contest.
The next spring he and Mr. Gibson were summoned to
appear before the committee of visitors then sitting at Tri
nity college, and tendered the covenant and other oaths,
Which they refused, declaring themselves unsatisfied with
the lawfulness of them. Upon this his ejeCtion was voted,
and shortly afterwards it was carried into execution. About
this time <he joined with Mn Gunning, Mr. Barwick,, Mr.
U4 Barrow,

814 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
Barrow, and others, in drawing up a spirited answer to the
Solemn League and Covenant.
Being now exiled from Cambridge, he went and resided
for some time with Dr. Ward's relations in and about Lon
don, and sometimes with that learned mathematician Mf*
William Oughtred. His reputation was so great that he
was invited by the Earl of Carlisle, and several other persons
of quality, with offers of large and honourable pensions, to
eome and reside in their families. At last he chose to ac
cept the invitation of his countryman, Mr. Freeman of As-
penden, in Hertfordshire, where he continued to instruct
his sons till the year 1649. Then he went to live with
Lord Wenman, at Tame-park in Oxfordshire ; and, about
this time, the visitation of the university of Oxford coming
ori, and Mr. Greaves, the Savilian professor of astronomy;
being convinced that his ejeCtion was certain, laboured to
have Mr, Ward appointed, for his successor. In this he
succeeded ; but as Dr. "Walker, and others from him, have
injured the memory of this learned man, by charging him
with a dereliction of his principles in this instance, and with
having taken the engagement, after being expelled from
Cambridge for refusing the covenant, we conceive it proper
to dwell upon this incident more circumstantially. Dr.
Walker is the more inexcusable, because he had before him,
when he wrote, honest Dr. Walter Pope's Life of Seth Ward,
Wherein the whole story is so faithfully told as to reflect
honour instead of disgrace upon that excellent prelate. Af
ter relating the interview between Mr. Greaves and Mr.
Ward, and the offer made by the former of yielding his
place to him, Dr. Pope says, that the proposal did at once
assault his modesty and perplex his counsel. After many
thanks for so great and unexpected a favour, he objeCted
the difficulty of effecting it, saying, he could not, with any
reason, expeCt to enjoy quietly a public professor's place in
Oxford, when it was notoriously known that he was turned
out of Cambridge for refusing the covenant. Mr. Greaves
replied, that he and his friend had considered that obstacle,
and found out a way to remove it ; and it was effectually
removed a little while after by the means of Sir John Tre
vor, who, though of the parliament party, was a great lover
of learning, and very obliging to several scholars who had
been turned out of the two universities. Sir John had great •
interest in the committee whicli disposed of the places of
those

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 313
those who were ejeCted, and by that brought Mr. Ward
into the professor's chair, without taking the covenant or en-
gagement." It is truly astonishing that, after so clear an
account, and so positive a declaration as this. Dr. Walker
should assert that Mr. Ward had, before this time, degene
rated from his former principles, and even taken the en
gagement. Having rectified this considerable mistake, and rescued
this great man from so unjust a reproach, we shall proceed
in our narrative, following the good-humoured and well-
informed Dr. Pope, who says, that " Mr. Ward, being now
settled in the professor's chair, was in the first place careful
to express his gratitude to those persons by whose assistance
lie had obtained it ; and, first, to Mr. Greaves, for whom
he procured the full arrears of his salarv, amounting tc five
hundred pounds ; for part, if not all the land, allotted to
pay the Savilian professor, lies in Kent, which county was
in the power of the parliament, who withheld the money ;
and it had been difficult, if not impossible, for Mr. Greaves,
Who was not reElus in curia, ever to have recovered it ; and
he also designed him a considerable part of his salary ;" but
this generous intention proved abortive, as Mr. Greaves
died shortly after. " The first thing Mr. Ward did, after his
settlement at Oxford, was to bring the astronomical leCtures
into reputation, as they had been for a considerable time
disused. He therefore read constantly, and never failed of
being well attended. Besides this, he taught mathematics
gratis to any students that desired him. He was also a
frequent preacher, though he was not obliged to it ; for
Sir Henry Saville had exempted his professors from all uni
versity exercises, that they might have the more leisure to
mind the employment he designed them for. His sermons
were strong, methodical, and clear, and, when occasion re
quired, pathetic and eloquent ; for, besides his skill in the
mathematics, he was a great lover of Tully."
At his first coming to Oxford, he resided ih Wadham
college for the pleasure of Dr. Wiltins's acquaintance, then
warden of that house, and a considerable mathematician.
Here was formed that society which has since spread its
influence throughout the World, ahd been the model by
which other learned bodies have been instituted in different
nations. Oxford at this time was the rendezvous of several
learned men, who often met at the warden's lodgings in
W.adham college, and sometimes elsewhere, to improve
themselves

31* SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
themselves in scientific researches, and particularly in mak
ing philosophical experiments. The principal of these were
the famous Robert Boyle, Mr. Matthew Wren, son ofthe
bishop of Ely ; Dr. Thomas Willis ; Dr. Goddard; warden
of Merton, and Gresham professor- of physic ; Dr;. John
Wallis, Savilian- professor of geometry; Mr; Laurence
Rooke, and others. This association gave rise to theRoyal
Society, which, soon after the restoration, was incorporated,
and of which our bishop was an aCtive and liberal member.
About this time he was collated to the chauntry of Exeter
hy Dr. Brownrigg, the ejected bishop of that diocese, to
whom he was chaplain. The bishop was sensible that this
was only a nominal gift, as things then stood; but he. was
-persuaded that the Church and State would be restored,
fehough he might not live to see it. This benefice proved
erf great consequence to our divine, when he took possession
of it at the restoration, it being then worth several thou
sands of pounds. For this instrument of collation he paid
, the bishop's secretary the full fee;;, as if he were presently
te> take possession of the place, though that happened in the
darkest night of despair, when tliere was no probability of
•Ms ever enjoying it. Many of his friends laughed at him for
this, saying, they would not give him a half crown for his pre-
centorship ; to whom he replied, " Since it was the good
bishop's kindness, though he should never make a penny of
it; yet it -was as acceptable to him as if he were to take pos
session the next moment." In 1654 he succeeded D. D. at
whicn time he had some small dispute with his brother pro
fessor, Dr. Wallis, about precedence ; but this did not dis
solve their friendship.
The great learning, agreeable behaviour, and excellent
conduCt of Dr. Ward, could not preserve him from being
-attacked by envy and malice. His honest biographer re
lates this with much keenness : " Dr. Ward, as well as Dr.
Wilkins," says he, " became liable to- the persecution of
those peevish people, who ceased not to clamour, and even
to article against them, as cavaliers in their hearts, mere moral
men, without the power of godliness ; for you must know, that
a. moral and unblameable person, if he did- not herd with
them, was an abomination to that party *." Not
_ *.Otir Readets will easily perceive that the disposition and conduct of ihe
old fanafics tally exaclly with the temper and behaviour of that" party yvh,6
P«w arrogate to themselves the exclusive title o'f evangelical. The modern
puritans.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. SIS
- Not long after his taking his doctor's : degree, the-' head
ship of Jesus' college became vacant ; and, by the direction
of Dr. Mansel, the legal but ejeCted principal, who lived
privately in that college, and by the votes of the fellows,
Dr. Ward was chosen to the place ; but tlie proteCtdr, at
the instance Of the fanatics, put one Howel into the place,
on condition of his paying Dr. Ward 801. a year,- which
promise, however, was never performed. Th 1j659 he was
eleCted president of Trinity college, which, howeter, he
was obliged to resign to the deprived president, Dr. -Potter,
the year following. At the restoration he was presented to
the rectory of St. Laurence Jewry in London ; and, shortly
after, presented to the deanry of Exeter, where he re
covered 25,0001. of the church's money, and caused the
whole to be laid out in the repairs of the cathedral. Iii
1 662 he was made bishop of that see, to which he was a great
benefaCtor, by increasing the stipends of the prebendaries,
augmenting several poor vicarages, and procuring the deanry
•of St. Burien to be annexed to the bishopric. He was also
very zealous in pressing conformity, for which he has the
honour of being frequently abused in Dr. Calamy's work,
as well as in the abridgment of it. In 1667 he was trans
lated to Salisbury, when his first care was to repair and
beautify the cathedral, and he laid out no less than 20001. in
the repairs of the palace, which, in the time of the civil
wars, had been nearly demolished, being sold by the parlia
ment to a Dutch taylor.
, Of his watchfulness, as a bishop, Dri Pope gives this in
teresting account: " When he was bishop of Exeter, he had
made the Notitia of that bishopric with no small pains and
industry, whichihe bestowed; upon his removal to Salisbury,
upon bishop Sparrow, his successor, which proved not only
an ease, but a light and guide tofiim in the management of
his affairs. After he settled at Salisbury p he began,-1 and in
a short time finished such another book for that diocese,
wherein were particularized all the rectories and vicarages
in that bishopric, all the patrons names, with their un
doubted and disputed titles ; as also the names of alt the
incumbents, with their several qualifications, as to con
formity or non-conformity,;leaming or ignorance, peaceable

puritans hold plain, unassuming, uncanting chriftians in contempt, as mere
moratcbarailers, destitute of vital godliness, ignorant of the troth, and, if tJief
ire ministers, as ',' blind leaders ofthe blind;"

318 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
or contentious conversation, orthodox or heretical opinions,
good or scandalous lives,; for all which he had framed
peculiar marks. He found, by daily experience, that this
stood him in great stead,, and. did him eminent service ; for
when any clergyman of his diocese came to -him, as soon as
he heard his name he knew his charaCter, and could give a
shrewd guess at his business, and so was out of danger of
being surprised." He had the same careful regard for con
formity in this diocese which he had at Exeter, and for that
purpose settled able ministers in the principal towns ; and,
because they are for the most part vicarages of small value,
as prebends in the cathedral became void, he bestowed
them on those ministers. He also used his endeavours to
suppress^ conventicles, whicli so enraged that party, that,
in the year 1669, they forged a petition against him, under
the hands of some chief clothiers, pretending that they were
molested, and their trade ruined ; and that some of them
employed a thousand men, and others eight hundred ; and
that this -persecution, as they called it, took away the liveli->
hood of eight thousand men, women, and children. But it
was proved, at the council table, that this petition was a no
torious libel, and that none of the persons mentioned were
so much as summoned into the ecclesiastical court ; as also
that many whose names were subscribed to that petition
knew nothing of it : so that, instead of lessening the bishop's
credit, this infamous proceeding only served to increase it."
The following observations on this part of the bishop's
conduCt, by his faithful Achates, Dr. Pope, are very striking,
and serve to throw a strong light upon those proceedings,
of which the dissenters have given such lamentable accounts
with a view of blackening the charaCter of tlie English pre
lates : "Let this be said once for all," says the doCtor,
" that he was no violent man, nor of a persecuting spirit, as
these petitioners represented him ; but if at any time he
was more active than ordinary against the dissenters, it was
by express command from the court, sometimes by letters,
and sometimes given in charges by the judges at the assizes,
which counsels altered frequently, now in favour of the dis
senters, and then again in opposition to them ; as it is well
known to those who lived then, and had the least insight
into public affairs. 'Tis true he was for the aCt against
conventicles, and laboured much to get it passed, not with
out the order and direction of the greatest authority both
civil and ecclesiastical,, not out of enmity to the dissenters' persons,

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 317
persons, as they unjustly suggested, but of love to the re*
pose and welfare of the government ; for he believed, if.
the growth of them were not firmly suppressed, it. would
either cause a necessity for a standing army to preserve the
peace, or a general toleration, which would end in poperyj
whither all things then had an apparent tendency*. His ex
ertions in enforcing that act proved so successful, that there
was not one conventicle left in the city of Salisbury, and
but few in the whole county of Wilts.'
He kept a most hospitable table, and many poor pen
sioners in weekly pay, besides great numbers whom he re
lieved daily at his gate. He also sought out and liberally
assisted those poor housekeepers who were ashamed to beg.
He never went from Salisbury to London, or upon his visi
tation, but he was accompanied part of his way by many of
the citizens, wishing him a happy journey, and a'speedyand
safe return. Both at his going forth, and returning back to
the city, all the way from the palace to the close-gate, used
to be lined with regiments of poor, many of them upon;
their knees, with their hands elevated to heaven, loudly
praising God, either for his gOod journey, or praising him
for his return in safety. To the city and church of Salisj
bury he was a great friend. He renewed to the former a
lease of the mansion house, and some lands which, by the
attainder of Lord Audley, had fallen to the bishop ; and for
this favour he would accept of no oti r gratuity than a pair
of gloves. He also [contributed largely towards making
their river navigable, not only with his money but advice,
and dug the first spadeful himself when they began thatf
work. For these, and other favours, the corporation r,e>-
quested the honour of having his piCture to set up in their
town-hall, which was complied with. This piCture was done
by John Greenhill, a pupil of Sir Peter Lely's, and is much
in the style of that master.
To the bishopric of Salisbury he was also a great bene
faCtor, by prevailing with the king to annex and unite to it,
for ever, that honourable and not unprofitable place, the
chancellorship of the most noble order of the garter, the
ensigns
* The circumstances of that period, and, particularly those of the following
reign, fully shew the truth of this observation; and they likewise prove that,
the rigorous measures which were occasionally pursued against (he dissenters
originated not with churchmen, but statesmen, who had other ends m vxevr
than the honour or interest of the Church of England.

SIS. , SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
ensigns whereof are a medal of gold hanging by a chain of
the same metal ; and he was the first protestant bishop who.
had the honour to wear it.
He Was alsb very liberal in promoting the interests of
literature, subscribing largely to the Royal Society, and pro
curing 4001. towards printing Dr. Castel's Lexicon. He
built and endowed a noble college, for ten clergymen's
Widows, in the close at Salisbury ; a hospital at Bunting-
ford, the place of his birth, for ten poor aged men, with an
allowance of ten pounds per annum each ; and founded
some scholarships at Christ's college in Cambridge. He
also gave 2601. towards building St. Paul's cathedral. To
wards the end of his life he was offered the bishopric of
Durham, which he refused.
At length this active, learned, and munificent prelate en
tirely lost his memory, and sunk into a second childhood ;
an event of which he seems to have had an early apprehen
sion, upon discoursing with Dr. Pope, concerning the help
less state of those persons, who, by losing their reason, be
came the property of designing harpies, saying at the same
time, " if ever you see me in such danger, pray give me
warning." The bishop died at Knightsbridge, Jan. 6, 1689,
just after the restoration, but without knowing any thing of
that event. He was buried in Salisbury cathedral, where is
a monument to his memory, with a long epitaph, but ex
cessively dull and ill written. The learned Oughtred's cha
racter of him in his Clavis Mathematica, is more to the pur
pose: Vir Prudcns, Pius, Ingenuus: nee Mathesi solum, sed £s*
omni Politioris Literature genere, cultissimus.
Works. — i. A Philosophical Essay towards an Eviction ofthe
Being and Attributes of God ; the Immortality of the Souls of
of Men, and the Truth and Authority of Scripture. Oxford,
1652, 8vo.
2. De Cometis, ubi de Cometarum natura disserittir. Nova Co-
metarumTheoria, et no<vissimee Cometcs Historia proponitur. Prcs-
leclio Oxonii habita. Oxon. l65.'j, 4to.
3. Inquisitio ubi in Ismaelis Bullialdi Astronomic philolaics-
fundamenta, appended to the preceding.
4. Idea Trigonometric demonstrate, in usum jwventutis.
Oxon. 10'54, 4to.
5. Vindiciee Academiarfum, 4to. 1654. This was an answer
to a book written by one Webster, against Universities.
6. Appendix concerning what Mr. Hobbes and Mr. William
Dell have'published on the same argument, printed at the end of
Vindicia: Academiartum, 7. In

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, Si*
i
7. In Thomce Hobbii Philosophiam exercitatio epistolica ad
D. foh. Wilkinsium Guardianum . Coll, Wadhami. Oxon.
1606, 8vo.
8. Ap.pendicula ad Calumnias ab eodem Hobb'to, fitt sex docn-
mentis nnpemme editis,) in authorem congestas, responsoria*
Printed with the preceding.
<>. Astronomia Geometrica, ubi methodus proponitur qua prima.
riorum Planetarum Astronomia, si-ve Elliptica, si-ve Circuleris
possit Geometrice absol-vi. Lond. 1656, 8vo.
10. Several single Sermons on public occasions, most of which
were collected and published in one volume -8vo. in 1674.
John Lawson, A. M. Fellowship.
He was presented by his college, just previous to his ejec
tion, to the living of Bransburton in Yorkshire, but lived not
to be induCted into it.
Edward Gibson, A. M. Fellowship.
He survived the usurpation, and by his good friend bishop
Ward was presented to a living in Hertfordshire ; the same
prelate ako recommending him to a good wife. Dr. Pope
says, that marry years after the restoration, when Mr. Gibson
came to pay the bishop a visit at Salisbury, he said, " My lord,
I am come to wait upon your lordship, and to return yoli
my most humble and hearty thanks for your many and great
kindnesses to me. I owe all to you, you have got me all that
I have in this world, except my children." Life of Bishop
Ward, p. 84. Samuel Pawson, A. M. Fellowship.
He was forcibly dragged from the communion table, as
he was about to receive the holy sacrament, previous to the
election of a master jn the room of Dr. Ward, and thrown
into gaol. He was aCtually dispossessed of his fellowships
but afterwards he made his submission to the usurpers, and
obtained from them a fellowship at St. John's.

;L m-r. }

TRINITY COLLEGE.
Thomas Comber, D. D. Mastership, and the. Dewryof
Carlisle.
Tbjs most excellent divine was successively scholar, fellow,
and master of this college ; and notwithstanding his exten
sive learning, profound humility!, and exemplary piety*
found no more favour from the pit|!ess visitors than the rest
of his brethren. For a very full and interesting memoir we
are indebted to a worthy descendant of his, and which shall
appear in our account of the sufferers in Carlisle cathedral.
This great man was succeeded by Dr. Thomas Hul, one of
the assembly of divines, of whose principles and abilities we
shall here give some specimens from his public sermons.
" That we may have an incorrupt religion, without sinful,
without guileful mixtures, not a linsey woolsey religion, all
new-born babes will desire. Word-milk, sermon-milk,-
without guile, without adulterating sophistication of it."
Fast ' Sermon'before the Commons, July 27, 1642. p. 5.
What pity is it that cathedral societies, which might have
been college's of learned presbyters for the feeding and ruling
city churches and petty academies to prepare pastors for
neighbour places, should be often sanctuaries for non-resi-»
dents, and be made nurseries" to many such drones, who can
neither preach nor pray, otherwise than read, saying their
prayers^ and in the mean time truth must be obscured in a
non-edifying pomp of ceremonies." Id. p. 51.
Of -this man's seditious 'and persecuting spirit take fhe
following as a specimen : " In the stead of the high com
mission, which was a foul scourge to many godly and faithful
ministers, we have an honourable committee that turns the -wheel
upon such as are scandalous and unworthy. In the room of
Jeroboam's priests, burning and shining lights are multiplied
in some dark places of the land, which were full of the habita
tions of cruelty. In the place of a long liturgy, we are -in
hopes of a pithy directory. Instead of prelati.-al miles about
the table, we have the scripture railes of church dlsciptifte in
good forwardness. Where popish altars and crucifixes did
abound, we begin to see more of Christ Crucified in the sim
plicity and purity of his ordinances. Instead of the prelate's
oath to establish their own exorbitant power, with the appur
tenances, we have' a solemn league and covenant with God, en-
8 gaging

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. MX
gaging us to endeavour reformation acOordirtg to his word ;
yea, and the extirpation of popery arid prelacy itself*." ' Fast
Sirm. before the two Houses, Aug. 13,1644.
Cheney Row, D.D. Fellowship, Orwell, in Cambridgeshire,
•worth 100/. per Ann.
He was dispossessed of his living on the 8th of February
1644, by the earl of Manchester, for having been seen drunk
(a very likely story,) with Dr. (after Bishop) Laney; for as
sisting his majesty with money, and procuring the plate, of
this college to be sent to him ; as also for getting a warrant
to recover thirty musquets which belonged to the college,
and had been seized.
—  — Merebith, D.D. Fellowship:
Herbert Thorndike, A. M. . pellowshipi
Mr. Thorndike is expressly mentioned in the list at the,
end of Querela Cantab. ¦ as one of the ejeCted fefiows of this
house. Dr. Walker adds, " But how to reconcile this with
his being admitted (as he was, if I do not mistake the date
of his presentation for that of his admission,) to the reCtory of
Barley in Hertfordshire, July 2, 1642, I know not ; because
I take it for granted, that this reCtory was inconsistent with
his fellowship, unless, he was turned out some time before the
rest of the fellows, and before bis.year of grace (which I sup*
pose is customary in this, as in other colleges,) was expired ;
for the generality at least of the expulsions in this university
were not made ti". the latter end of 1643, and the beginning
of 1644 : or unless. the iniquity of the times would not al
low him the quiet possession of his living, 'and so returning
to the college, the society permitted him to- continue in his
fellowship, without taking any notice of its being vacated by
the reCtory. That he did not resign the living again before
his fellowship became void of course, I take for granted; be
cause I find* him in possession of it after /the restoration,
though 'tis possible indeed that might be on a new presenta
tion. But if the a|>ove-mentioned date of July 2 be that of
his presentation, then possibly he might for some time wave
... .. his
.* The rancour and fanaticism exhibited in these extracts plainly shew
""what mariner of temper" these saints and reformers were of; and from th?
similarity of language adopted by the modern puritans.itispretty evident that
fiiey oply. want .similar opportunities to imitate, the godly aieds of theii fore*
fathers. V0J*. I. X

^ .KQaimWWW^i'W^^J ^HT m

iere^his
canria.^ find. He \va.'
oh the 'death' of Dr-
_ • - - -o ..- -¦r-tia/T.-

ind excellent person was Boni,
. p&bf the uhivCTsirylinri^8 ¦-( was^
rar^'d^t^4.roaster of Sidriev College,

djed in I6f2> He assisted -in the.B^lyglfct Bible, aha, wifitfe
t^e, %ilogu^.^f^o1Cl^«H ^^^Mi.Mdk^ii&59s"
ultras ^i£I_-'CM4lE^£ilfi^^^r.et^ffi^fe>.2RW

ifturi;.college ':'^vhetferue was^hesaVne^pefsbh
a siibjeCt foriii^idryl
»•' T^^HErVA'n^S 3®dJi ela

IU,1

»rro eew a.

but, haviJK-M-'tlia'r

<tf

tt

wrote ia;
bf.a 'rj^ad'^

__ .

spur
nLT3fi.r>[-Y"»-.i *-.: ;/,i -js, j. -wjm ;-^t-''
.^ Jffis i}sjm.e is not found «v the Querela, wic
peremptory Us'tjd.his^jeCtrn^h't^om afelli
cpilege.' H« suryiyect the restoration,,; -
tuh&'cbf a' smalr^state of. his own, he did nonreturn ^to
very learned;
_e%^nd_not-
rtiering cqntributions towards the S$y|&lP]neu
loy^andi'wbrffKY designs. Hew-"
ute.Salt, or "a"_ s^iber cOrreCtion <
5- ^dtj.^wwlft^tpy gQ^nj^^'J.Viibnd. l&S
arit4her,'J:alliea/"rTne In||H9wiSi..of the M
asserted, and, tKe; pretended; _ ifcF^Jibihty of me.
Rome rem^i^ iri' answer foTwo Papers and 1
of Father lohjjsbn, a Romanist, about the Ground^M*.:^
Lond. f.6^W''4:%6. He lived to print, but not to puMjs^* thie^
last work,, which. was licensed on the 28th Of ' September
1663. There was^one Dr. John Sherman, who Was chap..
lain to Bishop Wajrd, apd archdeacon of North -WiitshSrc^
who djed at the bishop's lodjings^ ih CharieriiohsS^aM^in ;
IGT.7 Itanpears to us that he was the same pefkon with'
this sgiglier of Trinity, ,_,.
tries'

IN THE U^l^i^^O^^A^BRIDGE. 9#

«idh?inci

-ted*'

.2 .-^r.

lit. x" V "-: iK"'j "' tj'-" !t>5&: tv ti.?3t^?4AI*'
^jrards. fenighted ,: % £& r^c&nbw 1"
i¥^| ^1 -ninth year of his ^e; 5m^wasa^effeK|

H'^ was

nil~-Ai .pV3l'ftj t,?ib
tJFdftiunbipj xiiqT ads

Wheeler,
ds §irC^l<a|^Jf^..-rTIw.

182% tbgetho- with Dr, Meredifh, Mr.,. Marshall, West
U, -Chamberlain, Wilhsj Barrev, one , qf the , CqoR&
?j ,isT3*frla ainrrfjiw no-mq ?^F*-Mr?KYJ3iFi3ffJ5.ir

iand, . ster., ,
AsftuSfifW Cowley, A. M. ^rifaip^fci £&]&.:?. s
He was one./spf 5tbp besj pfefrs '.of t^H^tH^entury, and'
was born in Fleet-street near 4the end o£ Ghancerydane, in
the parish" of StV^pdhstan in the West," lipndon, in t lie year
lyTS, and' in" tMe" fifteenth of Ring^Jajpes 1st.' His cfather
was a grocer, and* dying before the birtli of this his son;' his
Widow, through the' interest of her friends, procured him
Mssron as a Kjne s scholar in W estmmster-scha©!. His
p.&»i .*3»-a.ji^. x f'x-" •: -" ^i^'Vi- "--'' '
— a early -

it and early inclination to poetry was occasioned by ac~.
entallv reaaiEh* Spenser s r airy (Jueen, a poem fitter cfor

the ekammation of men' than the consideration of a.cl
buf'ih hnn. it" met" with a fancy, whose strength w^s not jo_
b? jagged by thenuniber of h,isyear|."Inrthe piiteenth year

ii which tliere wer? marfy things, that might well become tjie.

eSrand force pjTa merry^wit. fix js rpnark'able of JYtrv
wley^wha^hfe'himself tells usj * that he had "this clefect ia.'

frnembiy, that ^fs teachers cbutcf heyer brin^ him fo retajri
^^ ofoqwy. "rules of grammar, the want of whicli, however,..
h^a&unr|an'tly siipplied by an intimate acquaintance with the'
^ot'K? themselves, from wheac&thos'e rules had been dfajioi^.
With' 'fneSe extraordinary hopes he was remold tRSfetfHfifc.
coflsge iri"Cfambridge, being eleCled a scholar of mathbuSe
A 2 in-

' % ;-> ?.-x =¦(?. - *, - ur 1 "
* In hia Essay on himself S$e his works3 London,' if n. i%mc sndVoh

324 r..r TRINITY COLLEGE, .
i , , , ¦ t -.- -t- »rrr- ¦""" ' ' ¦ ' * ' *
in 1638. Here the continuance and progress of his wit
gained him the love and esteem pf -the most eminent mem
bers of that society. His exercises of all kinds were highly
applauded ; with this peculiar praise, that they were fit," not
only for the observation of an academical life, but to have
appeared on the theatre- of the world.- Here it was that' he
wrote, or laid, the designs of those masculine works- which
he afterward^ finished. In 1 63,8, he published his ¦ cc Love's
Riddle," a pastoral; comedy ;- and a Latin -comedy entitled
" Naufragium Joculare," or " The, merry Shipwreck.^' It
was aCted (before the Upjversity of- Cambridge by the
members of Trinity college, on tlje second of February, and
printed the same year at London" f.. His first occasion of
entering into' busy life was; an elegy which * he wrote (t On
the death of \^ill{am Harvey," between whom and himself
there appears to have been the strictest and' "most intimate
friendship. Mr. 'Cowley tells us; that he conhmumfcated'to
this gentleman hi^ poems, as ^st,fi^ he wrote them, for his
approbation : , f ';, i . '
" Tobinst my< muses made haSte with ev'ry strain,
"-Whilst it was new, and warn) yet firm, from the train ^ 3 ¦"*"";
*' He lov'd my worthless rhimes, and, like a friend,
" Wou'd find out something to commend."
This circumstance brought him acquainted with Mr. John
Harvey, the brother of his deceased friend, from whofii'-toev
reteived many offices of his kindness through" the whole
course of his life. In 1643, being then Master of Arts, he*
with many others, Was ejected his college and the- uni
versity; wherefore, retiring to Oxford, he settlectin St.
John's college, and in that s^me year, under the, name. of >a"
scholar* of Oxford, published a satire, entitled " The
Puritan' and the Papist." His affeCtion to the royal, cause
engaged hiin in" the service of the K^ing,fand h^ was present
in isev'ettft' of nis Majesty's, journies and expeditions. By
this1 means he gained an .acquaintance, and familiarity with
the great iiieh of the court and the gown, and particnlairlf:;
had the entire friendship of My Lord Falkland, one oif ,the
principal Secretaries of State., During the heat. of the civil
wars, he was settled in the family of St. Alban's, and ao»
cotiipanied the Queen's mother, ^hen she, wa&dbliged to re~
, tirei '
¦)• Wood

IN THE UNIVERSITY" OF CAMBRIDGE. 325
. rt ... V""- -- b JJ^> • ^ ->, , < ;,
tire into France; '"He was absent frbpx'his witive pountri^
about ten years, which were wholly spent eitner in sharing.
the distresses ofthe Royal Family, or 'ih' labouring W'thar
affairs. ? For this purpose he" ttiok severSI dangerous voyages
to Jersiay, and encbuntered great difficulties' in "Sc'otiana,^
Flanders, Holland, and elsewhere; and was the principal in^,
strument in maintaining^ constant correspondence betweejv,
the King and the Royal c&n*ort,'' Whose letters he cyphered,,
arid dfeoipphered in his own hand.
« His poems ehtitled "the Mistress," Were published at,
London in 1647, and his comedy called " The Gqardian,"^
afterwards altered and published under the title of " the Cutter ^
of Coleman-street," in 1650P This was aCted -Before Prince, :
Qiarles, at Trinity college, ¦Carnbridge, On March the 12th,
1640. In 16S6, it Waif thought by'-' thoSe 'qu whom Mr.
Cowley depended", that hfe"sh6'uld come, over into England,
andj under pretence of priWey 'aneFretfref&en?/ j*ive notice
of the posture of affairs ih this nation. Upon his return, he
published a new edition x>f -fy hjs^JPgga^jcisaiaisting-iof four .
parts: viz. 1 , miscellanjes^ , r^, )JJtie Mistress, or several
copies of Love verse. 3, PkiqarjeiiQde, written in imitation
ofthe style and manner of Pindagssi 4, Davideis, a sacred
poem of the troubles of David, in a few books," One poem
teUsr :us of liimself, that " he designed to. haye;. written this «
poenrin twelve books, not for the sake of thetjvelye tribes, ,
but after the fashion of Virgil, and to have closed it wifb^-i
tharmOst poetical and admirable elegy of David's, oif^. t^e^
death of Saul and Jonathan." Soon after his ret^fi^e^afes
seized on, through a mistake'; the search being ^n|en4^|oT
after another gentleman tSP considerable note in the^Rjn^g^
party. "The usIfiSfjiers would rain have brqught 0X£r„Mi;t.q
Cowley . to their * Sitei'est ; but all their attempts proved. r
fruitless : he was; committed to a severe restraint, and with
some difficulty at last obtained" his' liberty, upon tlie .
terms of a thousand pounds hH&t which, bur then Dr. Scar
borough very honourably tpok^upoh nthiself.^j ,l,rt^«ri. xt
iUnder these bonds he corkitfued' till the gengpl oefcip^^r
tion ; when, taking the o^ftjbtunity of the confusion ^pich
followed upon Cromweli's?aeath, he ventured back into c,
France, and there remained in the same station as before,
till* the time of the king's . return This account is a suf-
fiqient vindication of Mr. Cowley's unshaken loyalty, which
some endeavoured to, call in question. During his stay in
England he wrote his " Two Books of Plants," published
• X3 first

r?26 I'ysmS: TiiiNfr-f -gol£|<£?, tot mi
first in 1662-, to'vfrbfchhe after^^cls added, j*
*^br^i''&n'd''-ali«^s1£c*^h^r'»^^%is'9thV^ ^f^ l?V
*%£re> ¦ printed* ' &$&&>£- - hi 1W1 <> ; This- %$S ' f f&Wfyl
}-<f^ki and'*#rftt^ffl'a figWatiVe jtyle to serve tfe^ali
%use7 '1%e'si*(?Hl3b"oki:is i wK9lry dedicat^ tp fhf t^tif
-^-hiscountrf; Bj* making fte British" oak tp f r$&i|: ip
Hifcr' as'serhbly of thfe - forest " tr^eS; he "-' t|kfcs pcc'^fl t«P$j-
ir-Krg^4>rfrh« :'*rfstoiry of^trpuMeSj andHh^ fcing^ ^<§*|$
^^1%-giflrn^ano! llf#%Sg4nSlng of tM tteteh- WW|' 4^' »%
im^HV-m-^^Y-^t i^MuM Wthe 'gpeatfi^sS dkT'v^bx
«^*l&*iagh''«fe««&8^,wfeid^ -says."^'|lHftrf©Mi4ew t^fas
^elftd'Mi-D^at OsEfo&i, B#f'2, J6J§. iQ bnanV ',;..-: ;V-
tits Aafe1»;he'^irig's#l^^on,!-Mr. <fSv&ef , iti&ig #erj "gist
the fortieth year of his agg; th& gr^test ;f^^^hich%4
iveo^je|nainder,qf £k (Jays, >n a . ^4¥ffl§<F|^roR££-

to Here, by the way, we must remark, that his works,Aespecially
,,v, ' 'j as? ^ iy. x-v-tV---.' x.-x: ¦: X v u& jjirrA *. - •¦jt
" Essays m Trose.and yerse, w abound, with fae, praises of
Solitude and,lj^jjirasd$$j fojQ^^ie, Jest essays are Qn.
the subjeCts pf '« Pfegy* ^«lJigW$$>curity j" an4
most ofthe ^ransja^pns. are, pf -such paws^iei ^f the classic
authors as relate to -the pleasure?, of a. co»ntry hfoi particur
larly Vir^ilV.,',0-fortunatosnkniuj3a!'' (and Horace^ " Be^js,
ille qui prboul^ &biftiiesame jHitho^'s*/ Country: I$onse, ;".
,Cjau#mV.'?, (Pl^^feP. of .YJeWSai" ,ap4 tyM&L's - «?; Vufcin,
s L(qps« %frkbtib^atipre|n,;? 4c,, 4$ j^st he jssft #04-? % jBfg-
vided'' for such a retreat, by reason of his tJ?OTseJ% ajjjd*A§
•udJKrafaesqof liis (party, <whkfi. ,hacl=f>ufc him quitseut pf tlje,
aisajUb-ctargakr;; butfUprJii thev settlement, of the peabe-of -the
awjftiojJj?|gjM)ta"ihed ^l^if&)fep^esthi«ugh;4ikB feiwpnr^
his principal patrons, the Duke of Buckihgh^in, iawd' %e„
"-^F^ ^i^ed ^^ff-^HF* ^hKh, %m h$. very
 ' '--" :' " - ' "Mpr the,

. . panss oi cue., xmsaegjg Pa£^tts™
femr& the wejt f#/^^^S^p5>#rrte?^ «&%£&
bf:i :-ri >i ,:,:x cic;.-g oa ? n,v yjiliniud -bm; ¦{jaabom atH " on
- * Dft S^ratJijccouitt-of "the: I^fe-aifd &Mlifigsiof LtoCraaUF. tmAoH Xfrl,
''^lasa'Oior;""' ^-^^'--w.-' H -(±>iymvhy& tif^wri:

IN THE D^jVERStt^^ -&$&fcRIDGl =,5*7

"flB*#*kJ^ f&iafeWttfs&t thei«g^Wh- 1^& life's
fiir, l|feio4^#Cfi8>pa^ed -fej^£r£>t; ntltober.;Qf ^§ppS
ti&, iBOS| f ihBiE|it oual|ty,, jvasjtojgrred, brt th.^%^ pt
ul^^Ml^if\^ti^.^if^a^eit Abbey, near th§'|sj^§rpf
jij|j|BM£er.anJ:S3>^^fomev.^fs^s^^j^^lis^ §fetOQd ^yas. pleasjfe&Abj^:
.$m uppijDl^^bsi ^SS|hjfc^Kfc»^^ii;^«fw^f
r his death^felk^eStyc^Mfi^* |*8Qfj Mr. ep^Hfcite$Jftt
'. Jfft i be^t-sr^han bdiind t»n|nte^^^."; .J^iftjfMiiui^Eil
i -*?i el^^tfchk^neHlo^^Ma^Me^^^^Bfe^^^
? -ol" B^#8||hMS, With j^^^ihgl^^j^scrititi^jdWlfi^n
by his friend Dr. Spagt^Sulfe® J&6&G'- 'L^m^MM^i
iE^>w^%iWft ,^--1^i^iiE^c;i*#s^stpUjh^Msm ahd
b#erw*^Bi4*op,it^J?;^hi^esg£ jirifo 'tss^t thoindi sds
^*xBK»irt^cbirr^;^ DeHef*. -~
pp 3-ts llfcplacA Refers requi^, c^^¥»&4> rt 3bujiIo3
ty" « ' -Caf^fefesp'Wg^tir pcfetmi laSpadfe musft. W»(pi« »dJ
pns?h ^^itfSac»gSte%crfSi:«ec qui* twflcrariu* &*&$& ^ ^oni
-uaitiiiq |&l*l^xi«rl*tft*ifta*aii'V«ttVaMfe bustfft&Jai 8£ pontes
Attffiaff J' ^aas^k3»t'i!fiBf«ffltpfef s*cabi;:dulcls--'Ii3-riV Yi"t4
"l Sc.'iol 'GoafesbSnfre^cstiinaenBipearM^^ iup .silt
rtifuci £c v^i^ %tbfi$u£*Sa? %^ud|KafeVfts^atu«i*«ie'¥&St,
=OjM-}ii& j*6r^«:^le»3^^ sep^chnte^fii^rJGewfiiffqPlix
SfHti&efegfctftiJte; aid lo r.c-as-ot ^' .isa^st c dauz 101 hsbiv
?{ii ^l>a*i^6ileipi»^nno3eferisiB8eJ*9^
^rescfaediifamq BndSogimniiuisy vkis iltustr^biKl QnjnijnEnsiiJoarri
fowoqwd wfel^»m^,s*^ttj£i«t die &M.dAi^sji*jiAi*io
pJEXfeWfli <H^§$hbiirI lo 3iInG 3riJ .znousq Icqiannq aid
fc iia^aIio#A^W^th2nf thWWipbllim^' MM

*3\ nc "His tftodesty" saadtbttaulhf Wehr so gmt, thai, if1 he had
not had jntajDotliei^tfqjMJl &sk<fl^s^b^jdfi^^^i!e been
thought dissimulation. His^coiw'ersaiid& Was such jjJFWas

X4

rather

528 TRINITY COLLEGE,
rather admired.by his familiar friend?, than- by strangers at
first sight, '.jfci his Spegfh* nether the pleasantness excluded
gravity, noi; -tyas Jdifi; sobriety of it inconsistent with delight.
He governed hj?; passions. with great .mpderation,.- What
ever he disliked; brothers, he only cqrrecitedjt by the silent
rjspf^gfjpfabetJerjpraCiice' HJg wit was sq tempered, that
no man had ever reason to wish it had been less. He ne
ver willingly recited any of his writings ;' ahd none but his
intimate friends ever discovered he was a great poet by his
discourse. His learning was large ahd profound; and sat
exceedingly close and handsome upon him ; it was not em
bossed' on his mind, but enamelled. He never guided his
Ijfe by the whispers or opinions of the world." He was a
. p&ssionaite lover of liberty, and freedom from restraint, both
'jBHK&ons and words. But what honesty others receive from
the direction of laws,' he had by native inclination. He
performed all his natural and civil duties with admirable
tenderness. His friendships were inviolable ; his thoughts
ne?§r;?[Bb've!hor below his condition. In a word, he was
accomplished with--all mahner of abilities for the greatest
business, if heyjtrpuW but have thought so himself." Besides
Mr.,C.owle,y!s Works already mentioned, we have, by the
same, hand, '• ei A" Proposition' for the Advancement of Expe
rimental Philosophy :" " A Discourse, by way of vision, con-
cea&ihg-tke Government of Oliver Cromwell;" and "Seve
ral discourses; by way of essays, in- prose and verse." Mr.
Gcpwley had designed also a " Discourse concerning Style ;"•
and, a "Review of the Principles o£rth§ Primitive Church;"
But was prevented by dearL,' u A 'spurious ; .piece, entitled
" The Iron, Age," was^publishfjCj under Mr. ..Crowley's name],"
during his, absence ; and, in Mr. Drydefts^*^fiscellanequs
Poems," we find " A Poem on the-CivnvWar,"'said to be
written by bur author, but not extant ia any edition of .his
Works. Dr. Sprat mentions, as very excellent in their
kind,' '.Mr.1 Cowley's>^,Letters to his Private Friends," none
of which were published. That author gives us a most act
vantageous charaCter of Mr. Cowley, both as a man and,as
a poet. Mr Addison has celebrated his praises with a mix--
ture of blame. ' Sir John Denhamhas g"iven us a fine copy-
of \erses on his death, and burial among die ancient poets ;
and Mr. Pope has paid the tribute of verse to his memory,
in his Windsor Forest ; and Dr. Johnson has censured. him as
a -metaphysical poet." -; — Parish, •

IN THE UWE&SIXY 0&£&M$RIDGE.
.-i.--.35 x. — s~JParish, ¦  '. Fellow$ijb?>vmt ¦" tr w,
-Hedtcurs not in the list at the end of thSt ^u«i^f 9M
Walker says that he was ejeCted, and hk-^att* Sf«i*»a"%
Br. "babington?^ together with hkawftj AHflllJlttt of1Mr. Sflin^
ways; ih a coj^of the Quti^ibi&VGfe^rge Parish #a»'
D.D. teSidsly of York, ariA.gate ^.ItiB&t. PauBfc cathe
dral. Wew Survey tf London. ^ « -v ..Bv-i; i J%x<> Mr
-l. -d rcu . [<¦ v,-_ i-.i ?:." 1* - -*.kf^.. wlliv w
i'rd* ' ?*>7 ?!^----»«MWAYSjr— r--- Fellowship. ,-,^,temjia!
One Samway was D. D. prebendary of York, and gave
Mt^tb St. Paul's. ' Bid. ru, ¦> ab; .' f^
*: .6 - H — " :.• Ashton, --. ^afj^r-f:, > YM
He diod soon after his ejeCtment. -OitBlPete||||feton^6i
this house,- was taStorin 1619, and proCtor m J63J5|i '-Me was'
prbbahly^heisame persc»iwitfe^:l|u»,Kt«ffia:er.'ir, " -: ' f,
¦ ^^ h2h-^^cIje;'^^. '--BitohfiA. ---'li •£; ¦•;'
4i ;irt i-a;diJijj-/ni 5f..v? x -orbn ,; ' -:. . ...^ 'v^l
One ^^$$^Qf,fa%hq^£ethzo$ thc4HK jg*.
sonwit^diff suf^^^^ftffiri64^ -.. . < :\4T: . t
3[2ssL''sHifc^ftL^fi i&eiimships- '-Ly-iy:^
.^ej^lhjrfe^^^
^H^^-taxor inT635r r A „ ,^ ^-^'r^*
-Besides the above, Dr. Walker gi^riite-itbeiian^rf*^
fSflbwing persons; Who were ejeCted fellows of this-hoosi l*i
Jokes, JNevile, Wt§r 'senior. *'' Marshall, t B. w
Bareev, Salmon, Wyat, Willis, B. D. Shaw/
-Cook smitff"l&flLt.^' , Herbert, CjRt'sWELL^PA^
rot, Bocb^eiIbr, Cpane, Crawley; Amn^jBj^
.WiSt^., Cook junior'. Appleby, .Cave, HowAfeh^
. -1m1?ade, Campain, Trevis, LlStlflt, YARDifiY, Sta-'
8!#y,°Nicholas, Babington. ^TeilSmMp. " '•' •'"' ' •
'^.Tlie names xsf these last three are not' in the list at the
endjof the/jQua-ela^ but " I ^m otherwise assured they were
dispossessed of their fellowships."'! Dr. Babington, (forgo
he- was .afterwards,}, the last of them, added his own name,
and the names of Mr, Parish and Mr. Samways, in his copy
of ^ihecQuerela. #; - .-»->j,p «< otic ,iliy>ti -:i n.i -«» -r ;<-
As for this Dr. Babington, it must bcfenaWn, that he wai
also rseqUestettsd) jbn JLeywarth R-, in^ Nottinghamshire ;
but he survived the usurpation, was restored to his prefer
ments; Became D. D. vice-master of the college : a writer
/ . $ against

against popery, Jii,"t^- reign^of Jpjj^ ^flrts, and died not
many years Mer ih the cofiegk tn fiis living, at the time
t^tm^fbm^^lpmt^it^vmmt^, f mwtatitfi fl«ieifflftii?.ftf 3&£
«SK^I<t^i fif S^myfcjHft^Liafca^triSi ^Hc-was -a fcefeifc*«fter
to the eoUege, *nd gave 501. to St. Paul's cathedral, o 0R44
%y&i@tyftJhfflfekLP-*jrn .- :s sri} lo J-jeq teatox ao., ifii ^5
-ianuiy,tkere, i£d, ejeC^ scholar ^thi* §puse ffqm,^^-
PF^wHw^*®*'^ $$*>!& ^ ,**P^ejsef3 (sjqme
*^| «i, that, year created
lt^ ^n^ons^i^mbly re*d
-orsr apci to b^ye b*een Jap-
} to IBTis capacity,3for tine
, T.,^„r.^.Mf OTn^)3a4,.i^iits whole 4oi-
of$$ijffl?*i .^Jififfi swe^ ib^rt&f%5vw^<4; be , hath psfJ-
M^S^^ijI^f1^3^? *g?fiaV r»P?*»e«ipe»f j -and weak^pa)-
i3nr3l^,1#!^-]«-*0' «W, #attffl«e of tftt^^^-JSe%e-
l^SW^??- JTfl* H#rw&S degree ofrA. jaUnise^^pf

io ,Gl0n<es'
-Mr\ Whers,, and. other $£™
' — jL, aitd ize*tous m$Q

/quks:.— t. The,^t^Sff-Rglj^d. aw^fwdLiferagraAbuorlmfj
p)ecHoJ^ Jtoj^ist, or Secret Discontents of ' CH*rCli' aiid
bm, "?eao4M^jnfo self-denial, ittoderatioti' <irid thankfulrteta.
b&'rftj&ifiptt. '- •' '1}
fccfTBl^tfliael'Mt^.^. Wfi^diedtn ctecf tearing-. ™-^
^WWi. Kat* ^JBe^ri&WJ-*lte#ing4W
^J&Wnon at Mercers chapel, Oxon. 1666.
4. Visitation Sermon, preached at Camden in Gloucestershite,
-sW<t,€|DrVvifo <}„ kMH-w- -y.-s, ,;„-> - ba- 31.v- . «jtfr '
-q©^|l,Y(MW:>nobn<>-110 -isUds.; .,.,-.-;,.,-" i.-firfsiq x ., LVu; a.;. vi
.aiMiled-bjSbSQin^^ 10fe4lWtri6u.s,;Mglfe..,,;&Ci.., , .yr..^ :, ,,.,,liW
fc'J

ji-7g Ad)enulMtisjfiMto».sacfOi!um biblteriitn Polyg-lotwrwrt'G
tsajdrW/'b^tnaf, Oneslieth - ¦i*a.pK>,ioi«^. ti - ;tX.i \.j .'..i
"''-' ""; ' ."* ' 'r ' ' >3 ^,i -,' -:--^:N> ,-!•¦ !« X- dw ,8

,O06l f^)i .¥

»• Leech,

shipy

'bm

"V5 a w.«. V 'fktiS^ '• £ -:' ,u - >* -'- •-''' 3W)n'-W -iul

« Wood.

— FlSI^WICK,

IN THE lAgtJH&ftir Of E&M.BRIDGE. «l

on bsib has .^-iMF-sir&ftk;
mi? ".'il »k t^4i

}a01£g« vatrts

8^1 CfliBIQOBJo ' »i .iC : .iOft avug bo* ,3g3i>;v, *4* Oi
Py far the greatest p^rt of fche »bo^qifnl»fi(wdSM«S«r«

uyi*ei« W'Se tlH^t^MeCT^HF
fgfi ^s $«rr af iheir" a$<&p&i# JW# hy pv.fi;
olog^et
 „ri^rocJincx
„^?8r alfis' viris fei^ss^ps aQcHs#mi«£r <lef „
ffiqWe proprfi's fcpnbtis eBiIare;:j liberty banfil|
iniriinifij mgenii. hotrtnhctbmbujj ih eorum ~\o/ztf..
V*'Ai last, as It V^'"Wi^:we"htow* Bei^1
iRptroy the Tfhole "tiMVtfiH^:t^feyr^ic^i

their most learned men, and- mx_
--¦¦" and senseless feltowsm metf mac
Si1T» Ic I'rYtnriWLt.'jfffed? -ifb'J^l

tfjje ravages made m the, unrversify o±^ ^^wiMjBfi'Mnri
few intell|gflicjsyffhic££^ ..

*. T^>ntefe|tii)gi*nd pathetic narr*ti»^vwff<fifi*t(i ufc.Sy Er?<jSlj}# B6*>-
by. the care of Mr. Richard Royston, a bookseller of Lpndon,

#J

^^tj^'ftfi^r^'
writen in defeiice, of tfr rpySi*|&i
SMii^B^bfI^%|kilfcWiai«iij| ^o^i^ointai: fiilfjsiisifclfti iorerred
the bodf of RichardjRojwton, esq. citizen of.Lprid«n,.»Ki U^p)(Aelle$4ft.tiufee
kiW,Vw^ ^*™ %J^^«Ojfcat«t ^.isLtk" yfiardtfqjir tord
i6p." See tHB tetMBB^gi«Maft«b& fcyalty}a»a*Iat-lie*d and suffered
fqrlWCTown^togtap tewBj^iitf bjFr|ifg^i^-lfis.ILNov. 29, 1660,

$3£ TRINITY COLLEGE,
frere fellows of the several houses," I have before shewn;
a#d that the Ust at the end of that piece doth not contain a
pgrfeft account, -even of all the fellows 'that were ejected,
not only for- the engagement, but the covenant also, is plain
Irotn. the few additions which have here been made to it.
And it .seems further evident from hence: because there is
not one bachelor of arts, or not more than One, mentioned
iu it. But that, there were several bachelor fellows in the
university iu 1643j. and '.that some .of them must, have suf
fered jn the eemraem calamity, cannot be questioned. Add to
ikih that as in Oxford,' so likewise in^this university, sbme of
the .chaplain&were no donbt ejected ; andthayione of tliem
areanentipned in. the' ghie?-elg, those 6f Trinity coHegS ex
cepted, seems. plaip, became the list is so careful to take
express notice of and. to. distinguish: them at that college'
where "their, names came to be 'inserted. Upon the whole
then, I should imagine th^re, could not be so few as two
hundred and 'thirty roasters, fellows, and chaplains turned out
of the several.colleges and halls at Cambridge, exclusive of
those who went out .on account of the engagement. By which.
computation I do not take in above fifteen more than what I
have particularly mentioned by name. .
But then the great omission of all is in the scholars of
houses ; for the design of the list at fhe end of" the Querela
(the main foundation of this list,) being chiefly to account1
for such as were of some note.and distinction, the scholars,
who must be mostly under graduates, were probably (as well
as the bachelor fellows,) omitted as they wholly are for that
reason. That they did expell the scholars of houses, as well
as the fellows, is not only-probable' in itself, but plain in the.
case of Queen's college; upon which foundation they did
not leave p single fellow or scholar *. And one instance more
I find at Trinity college, in the case of Mr. Holdsworth, who
was an ejected fellow of that house, but not mentioned in
the Querela. Nor are the names of the scholars of Queen's
college.given us in the list ; though the outrage of expelling
every one both scholar and fellow in that house was so "noto
rious, that the mention of it in general could not be omitted
in the body of that complaint; which- manifestly shews,
that it was not the intent of that list to take the least notice
of any but the fellows of the several houses. If then to
supply
* As they afterwards did in Oxford,' and when that university was under
their reformation.

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF <5&MBRIDGE. 83*
supply that defe& ™e W^y be flowed to have recourse to a
computation, the munber of ejected scholars must appear to
have been yery great. . In the colleges of Oxford, the ejected
scholars were in proportion to their number, far each foiiM-i*
dation as many as the ejedted fellows. And the same appears
in fa£t at Queen's college in this university, for all of each
kind,, as well .scholars as fellows, w^re- turned out. And if"
this be admitted as a: reasonable foundation for their calciila-'
tion, it appears that the ejected fellows were upwards oft wd
thirds of the^hole i and by consequence the ejected scholars1
must be more, than" four hunched, for the tsdBole number of
sc&plars, exhibitions, &c. then adtually foundedr in the seve->
ral colleges and halls, was aboutrSevert hundred. So that b^
this account there were no* less than sii honidredrpersons ia
.all turned soit of this university *.

* There were about 355 fellowships at that time in the several houses of
th'n university.

} ' ¦ -
END OF VOLUME FIRST.

3818

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

From the
COLLECTION OF OXFORD BOOKS
made by
FALCCJNER MADAN
Bodley's Librarian