' "¦ . ' ¦¦

DIVINITY SCHOOL
TROWBRIDGE LIBRARY

7o

THE

LIFE AND EXAMPLE

OF —

©aint Hnbrew.

BY THE
REV. E. P. CHITTENDEN.

The Young Churchman Co.

COPYBIGHT.
THE YOUNG CHUBCHMAN CO
1896.

"And he brought him to Jesus."— S. John i, 42.
DEDICATED TO THE
BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW,
AND TO ALL
WHO WOULD IMITATE ST. ANDREW'S
EXAMPLE
IN LEADING MEN TO
JESUS.

Almighty God, who didst give such grace unto Thy holy
Apostle St. Andrew, that he readily obeyed the calling of Thy
Son Jesus Christ, and followed Him without delay; Grant unto
us all that we being called by Thy Holy Word, may forthwith
give up ourselves obediently to fulfil Thy holy commandments';
through the same Jesus Christ our Lord.
—The Book of Common Prayer.

X

CONTENTS.

Page.
Birthplace .  9
Family  ... 11
Associates .  13
Occupation  17
Eventful Days  23
The World's Preparation . ... 25
The Advent Call  26
Personal Preparation  27
Fulfilling all Righteousness ... . . 33
Three Eventful Days  38
The First Day with Jesus  49
A Worthy Example  .54
The First Fruits  '. . 59
Secular Links  65
A Lesson in Practical Religion . 68
Nets Abandoned  73
Ad Hominem  78
Only a Lad with a Basket  79
Ushers of the King ... .... 82
Position Among the Twelve  86
Summary of Characteristics .... 88
Living Lessons .  .91
The Legend .... ... 93
Appendix  95

INTRODUCTION.

""TO catch the spirit of St. Andrew is the ambition of
every true Brotherhood man. To do this in its ful
ness requires a knowledge of the life of St. Andrew. The
materials for such a life are limited, it is true, but they
are so full of meaning and significance, that they give the
perfect key to the interpretation of his character and
work. This is the aim of this little work of my dear brother,
the Rector of St. Paul's, Winona. Its perusal has been a
stimulus to me. It has opened out a fuller and clearer
view of this discipleof the Blessed Master. It has proven
to me the wisdom of choosing St. Andrew as the Patron
Saint of a Brotherhood whose effort and aim are to pray
and to serve.
I hail its appearance with delight, and feel full confi
dence that it will take its place among the helpful and
permanent literature of the Brotherhood.
Mahlon N. Gilbert,
St. Paul, Bishop Coadjutor of Minnesota.
Trinity. 1895.

The Life and Example. of St.
Andrew.

BIRTHPLACE.
" Bethsaida, where, Chorasin where art thou ?"
PROM the Life and Example of the younger
brother of Simon Peter, Christian young
men, to-day, draw a perennial stimulus,
though that Bethsaida where he was born
became long ago a heap of ruins. As our
Lord in prophetic warning, joins this town
with Chorasin (S. Matt, xi, 21), we infer they
were situated near together. The ruins of
the latter place have been identified at a short
distance from the head of the Sea of Galilee.
The native population locate Bethsaida on
the sea's very rim where a few -palm trees are
still growing. As the city took its name from
the occupation of its inhabitants who were
fishermen, it is almost certain that it was
located close by the lake. The eastei-n half

10 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
of the city had in recent years been rebuilt by
Herod Philip, surrounded by a wall, and sur-
named "Julias": but that part of the city
that was in Galilee, or on the west side of the
Jordan where it debouches into the lake, still
retained its ancient and suggestive name
"Bethsaida" (house of fish).
St. Andrew was familiar with every foot
of the memorable shore, and with all the
vicinage of the same, where Jesus of Nazareth
spent most of His Ministry. This beautiful
basin is many hundred feet below the level of
the Mediterranean Sea ; — the climate is singu
larly mild, almost tropical. The beach now,
as then, is pebbly and sparkling, the water
transparent and sweet, and abounds in fish.
There is now we are told but one "crazy "
little boat remaining to suggest the busy fleet
of St. Andrew's day.
Palestine in those days was divided into
three parts: Judaea on the south, Galilee on
the north, and Samaria lying between. St.
Andrew was a Galilean by birth, yet had
been trained to a rigorous observance of the
Mosaic Law. Upon the west shore of the
lake a beautiful city had been built called

FAMILY. 11

Tiberius, in honor of the Roman Emperor
of that name. St. Andrew must have sailed
past it hundreds of times, and gazed upon its
Grecian porticos and heathen temples. Yet
neither he, nor any of the fisher-fleet, so far as
we know, ever visited it; for no strict Jew
could do so without defilement.
So amid these surroundings, barely hinted
at here, our Patron Saint was born and grew
to manhood.

FAMILY.

" The son of parents passed into the skies.''
— Cowper.
'"THE Apostle Andrew was the son of a fish
erman named Jonas. As his father is not
mentioned in living connection we infer that
he was already dead. This is more probable
since Simon "barjona," Andrew's brother,
was sole proprietor of one ship and part
owner in the " other ship " along with James
and John the sons of Zebedee (S. Luke v, 3).
Andrew seems to have been employed by his
brother, or the partnership, for fixed compen
sation; at least his relations with the fleet
suffered him to remain a considerable time

12 LIFE AXD EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
where John the Baptist was preaching. Simon
(Peter) we know was married, for his "wife's
mother lay sick of a fever." The home in
Capernaum is mentioned as belonging to
both brothers who evidently had been pros
perous and thrifty.
When Jacob blessed his sons he foresaw the
eloquence of the tribe of Naphtali\vho"giveth
goodry words." The principal Apostles, Peter,
James, John, Andrew and Philip, were of
Bethsaida, and doubtless of the tribe of Naph-
tali. They were all men who preached the
Gospel with great power and wrote numer
ous books of the New Testament. Naphtali
is described as a "hind let loose," most grace
ful and blithesome. Such in truth was An
drew, so vivacious, so gentle and courteous.
Finally the tribe of Naphtali is pronounced
to be ' ' full of the blessing of the Lord ' ' — a
prediction realized in that eminent choice
which placed so many of the sons of Naphtali
upon thrones in the Messiah's Kingdom.

ASSOCIATES. 13

ASSOCIATES.
"Friendship is the surest bulwark against evil." — Cicero .
\ 1 7E gather pleasant impressions of young
Andrew by observing who his compan
ions were.
(1) It was no mean distinction to have
been an own brother of him who was recog
nized by the Apostles as their leader. Junior
brothers do not always receive that consider-
ationat home which they do among strangers.
Peter was not only a brother, he was a friend
of Andrew. The}- were associated in business
under conditions which were loose enough to
have dispensed with the younger if he had not
been apt orcongenial. Two young men would
not have joined in night after night solitary
fishing, involving exposure, unless they were
in harmony. In those days Simon was out
spoken, boastful, often acting from impulse,
unreflecting. Andrew could not have gotten
on amicably with his older brother without
being regardful of his words, and forbearing
in his disposition, nor unless he had felt ad-

14- LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
miration, if not a kind of awe, for the presi
dent of the fisher-fleet. The pungent, loud-
talking Simon, was the counterpart of the
quiet, perceptive, and cautious, Andrew.
Their companionship therefore was mutually
advantageous. (2) Next to his brother, in some respects
more suited to Andrew's spirit, stood Philip,
also a native of Bethsaida — a boyhood play
mate, who afterwards became a follower of
Jesus by Andrew's influence. He singled
Philip out for a comrade : they were much
together, and seldom acted until they had
first consulted (S. John xii, 22).
Philip was the first disciple to whom Jesus
uttered those words so full of signification to
his, and to the world's future, "Follow Me."
As Andrew first found his own brother, so
Philip actuated by the same example, sought
out and found Nathanael, concerning whom
Jesus said, "Behold an Israelite indeed, in
whom is no guile!" Their associates there
fore were among the choicest spirits of the
province, industrious, sober-minded, religious
young men, who did not neglect the place of
prayer nor scorn to believe the prophets.

ASSOCIATES. 15

It was in answer to Philip's request to
have the Father revealed, that Jesus replied,
"Have I been so long time with you, and yet
hast thou not known Me?" Though the first
called of the Twelve, and the longest with
Jesus, there was a constitutional dulness
which kept him from duly perceiving the
power and resources of his Master. On one
occasion Jesus said to him, as a great and
hungry multitude stood around, "Whence
shall we buy bread that these may eat?"
But this He said in order " to prove " him for
He Himself knew what He was about to do.
Now if Peter, James and John be regarded
as the first evangelical group among the
Twelve, Andrew, Philip and Nathanael com
pose the second : the honorable position of
Philip next to Andrew, in the Gospel cata
logue testifies to a similiarity of character, as
well as coordinate abilities.
The talents of the first group were eminent
ly oratorical, and administrative, those of
the second group more practical. The former
appealed to men collectively, the latter were
more successful in dealing with men singly,
hence more apposite to the Brotherhood idea.

16 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
Co-workers with Christ must needs be
comrades. Imitators of St. Andrew will form friend
ships in their youth which strengthen "with
age ; but those who are found in the way of
sinners in their boyhood will hardly recover
the damage when grown to manhood.
(3) It is to Andrew's credit that the first
mention of him in the Gospels (S. John i. 35-
42) finds him in company with the beloved
disciple who lay nearest to the Master when
they supped. Both of them had already be
come disciples of St. John Baptist before
Jesus' Baptism in the Jordan, and were lin
gering near the place pre-occupied with the
events connected with the revival the prophet
has awakened. As boys of the same village,
and young men of the same fishing company,
they were constantly thrown together. The
elder brothers, Peter and James, were nat
urally more communicative with each other,
and for the same reason Andrew and John
were most frequently by themselves.
If St. Peter be taken as the type of the
intellectual group, with him are to be classed
SS. James, Thomas and Matthew; if St. John

OCCUPATION. 17

be made the centre of the contemplative
group, SS. Andrew, Philip and Nathanael are
to be placed by his side.
Then, judging from his comrades, Andrew
must have been a delightful associate, disin
terested, conservative in speech, pure in heart.
He mingled with the best class of young men
among whom he formed life-long friendships.
He had a genius for selecting proper acquaint
ances, and a talent for calling out the best
that was in them. He was careful of his
obligations to the Law, and to the duties of
the Synagogue and Temple. His business did
not preclude his being at the same time a
zealous believer in the coming Messiah, nor
hinder his laying aside his work for a few
days to attend a Mission conducted by John
the Baptist. 
OCCUPATION.
" The pilot of the Galilean lake."— Milton.
DETER was a prosperous fisherman, the
principal of a company of five who
owned a fleet and its equipment, employing
besides their own hands a number of hired
servants. Circumstances thus far had not

18 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
called for independent activity on Andrew's
part, who would naturally be assigned the
part of a junior brother; he was without
doubt a ready helper, a complaisant and
cheerful associate, one who was in his own
esteem of less consequence than he appeared
to others to be. As such he is a personality
to be admired; he represents thousands of
young men who are wage-earners, not yet
arrived to proprietorship.
In the handling of nets, the will of the mas
ter, to be efficient, must be absolute; all must
act in concert for a common result, whether in
rowing, dragging, or emptying the nets . Peter
was a disciplined commander of fishers before
he became the President of the Apostolic Col
lege. Andrew, on the other hand, was the
cheerful subaltern, keeping in the background,
yet observant of all that was passing.
As Andrew was a fisherman, let us observe
some aspects of the employment.
(1). It was an out-door pursuit. The
fisher is the child of wind and weather, taught
by the sun, moon, and stars. As such his les
sons are objective, and his mental life respon
sive to his environments. He is not given to

OCCUPATION. 19

introspection, nor liable to dyspeptic morbid
ness. But he is rather wide-awake, energetic,
and sanguine.
Jesus wanted for those upon whom pecu
liar hardships were to fall, men of robust
health and sturdy purpose; brave men used
to exposure, and to be oft in jeopardy. In
thus choosing His missionaries from a robust
employment the Founder of the Church meant
to set an example for all time, to discourage
asceticism, and monkish retirement; to illus
trate the divine superiority of good health
and good sense, above anything that can be
gotten in the Porch or the Academy.
In every age the cloister and the Sanctum
have been the abodes of the moth, the cob
web and the must. Religion needs a breath
ing place ; to come face to face with nature
and man; nothing better can happen to a
theology than to bring it into the sunlight
of experimental religion, and into the reach
of the busy throngs of men.
(2). It was a school of courage. Peculiar
hardships were incident to the fisher's life ;
he was liable to be scorched by heat o'ne mo
ment, and to be saturated by sudden showers

20 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
the next. He ventured on waters exposed to
sudden storms ; while battling with contrary
winds his nets were torn, and he was driven
amain amid profound darkness. So courage
must be the fisher's watchword.
Not less so in the Christian's calling ! Imi
tators of St. Andrew will not fail to observe
in him as they follow our delineation, a self-
contained judgment, a rare steadiness of pur
pose, combined with a reticent simplicity —
in a word, a worthy exemplar for the Chris
tian young man.
(3). It was a school of perseverance.
Fishers toil all night often to catch nothing ;
while others sleep they ply the weary oar, or
reef the sail before the fickle wind. Now they
are casting the net, now they are wading and
drawing it ashore, or with dextrous motion
slipping the finny catch into the boat. They
learn to be patient and to recoup disappoint
ment by to-morrow's success.
So the fisher for men in the waters of sin
often toils wearily and long with slender re
sults ; the discipline of the Gospel-ship must
be kept up, for who can tell when the multi
tude shall approach the net ? Every imitator

OCCUPATION. 21

of St. Andrew will profit by the school of per
severance, in scattering the good seed, and in
waiting patiently for the harvest.
(4). It was a school of nature. The fisher
is in a large sense the rough product of Na
ture ; he knows by instinct what no naturalist
knows ; he can discern the signs of the sky,
better than the Weather Bureau ; he reads the
language of sunrise and sunset, and the
hieroglyphs of the clouds. He knows in an
instant the wherefore of the soaring gull, and
locates the feeding grounds of the denizens of
the deep in their season. He anticipates the
phases of the moon, and the movements of
the barometer, adjusts his hook and bait to
each species, and to the time. Such a fisher
man was Andrew, a knower of the sea, be
fore he was promoted to the mission of ang
ling souls out of the depths of error and
unbelief. The lesson is obvious, those who 'would
win men to Jesus should learn human nature
by intimate experience; no amount of book
learning will offset a natural dulness for ap
proaching men, an inherent unskilfulness
which breaks the crystal in trying to cleanse

22 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
it, and tramples out the slender stalk in the
effort to weed it. That he who is the subject
of this sketch was a worthy model in these
regards will appear as we trace the course of
his circumspect, and gentle life, and see the
phenomenal success he had in bringing young
men to Jesus.
(5). The Usher's life is one of economy,
the profits are inconsiderable; coarse gar
ments and plain fare go with the occupation.
By the strictest economy only can the fisher
man accumulate. The Lake of Galilee was a
small body of water, hundreds competed
there for a livelihood in the same line; they
could establish no ownership of the sea, its
shoals and depths belonged to the first
comer. We are wont to hear the Apostles men
tioned as poor men, yet they were able to
purchase property in Capernaum and in Jeru
salem. St. Andrew represents tens of thou
sands of young men who like him are neither
rich nor poor, neither ignorant nor academ
ically educated, yet precisely the material
chosen by the Master for His Witnesses, to
bring others to Him and to extend His king-

EVENTFUL DAYS. 23
dom. There is a success in a worldly sense
which no Christian man need pray for; it
lifts him above his fellows and isolates him
from the multitude. For such a pitch of for
tune we need not strive; yet we should be
diligent in business, fervent in spirit, serving
the Lord. "The first men that our Saviour dear
Did choose to wait upon Him here,
Blest fishers were ; and fish the last
Food that He on earth did taste.
I therefore strive to follow those
Whom He to follow Him hath. chose."
— Wm. Barrie.

EVENTFUL DAYS.
' ' Yet I doubt not through the ages one increasing
purpose runs." — Tennyson.
'"THE Apostles lived in eventful times : first
among the weighty occurrences was the
birth of a son to the aged Zacharias and
Elizabeth in Hebron. Though John the Bap
tist was descended from a priestly line he had
no predilections for the rites of the Temple,
and eventually withdrew into the solitudes of
the Jordan desert.
St. Andrew's birth coincided with the death

24 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
of Herod the Great and the division of the
Province of Syria among his sons.
Philip the tetrarch of Ituria and Trachon-
itis, — he who had recently married Salome,
Herodias' sanguinary daughter, — had re
paired Bethsaida, Andrew's birthplace, and
surnamed it "Julias."
Herod Antipas in the meantime built Tib
erias on the west bank of the lake, adorning
the city with colonnades, statues, and mag
nificent buildings whose ruins strew the beach
even at this day.
After the conquest of Syria by the Romans
(B. C, 69), ten cities were built to the south
and east of the Sea of Galilee, and called " De-
capolis." Andrew was familiar with these
parts from a boy. But this once populous
region is now almost without an inhabitant ;
a few families live more like wild beasts than
human beings amid the overgrown and crumb
ling debris of palaces, or in the recesses of old
tombs.

THE WORLD'S PREPARATION.

THE WORLD'S PREPARATION.
Where, 0 where is the Messiah ?
Ages crying "Where, 0 where?"

N<

[ONE who lived in the days of Tesus Christ
could have been unmoved by intimations
of an impending crisis. The Old World felt
the premonition of its doom. A few patient
souls waited for the consolation of Israel;
many others took refuge in ascetic commun
ities in the wilderness . Some counseled stricter
Levitical discipline to hasten the day of the
Messiah, others would incite a revolt against
the scepter of Caesar.
The Divine Purpose was now accomplished ;
and the "Fulness of time" was at hand.
The Jews had been scattered to the ends of
the earth as the nucleating centers of the
monotheistic religion out of which Christian
ity was soon to emerge ; barriers were break
ing down; the Greek language had become
the speech of the civilized world; and Roman
law protected citizenship everywhere. All
these things were significant of the Advent.

26 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.

THE ADVENT CALL.
"Less base the tear of death than fear of life."
— Young.
A LL men are more or less influenced by the
spirit of the age in which they live ; the
fishers on the Galilean lake were peculiarly
receptive to the influences of the times. A
common ancestry for Jesus, John the Baptist,
and the sons of Zebedee, provided an inherent
bond and a predestined fitness to initiate a
great spiritual reformation.
There was one lofty ascetic who did not
ally himself with the monastic communities
in the Jordan wilderness, but dwelt apart
amid scenes of wild and desolate grandeur,
full of precipices and caves. At length, in the
fifteenth year of Tiberius Caesar, John came
forth from his retreat as the Prophet of a
New Era. His personal appearance was sin
gular and awe-inspiring, his form attenuated,
his hair uncut for years, his bearing solemn
and severe, a Nazarite indeed !
Crowds gathered about him in ever increas
ing numbers; Galilee heard, and thousands

PERSONAL PREPARATION. 27
from the remotest parts swarmed to the sec
ond Elias. The loud cry, the solemn warn
ing, the symbolic baptism, impressed the
zealous Galileans. Many questioned whether
he were not the Messiah whom they expected.
No, he was merely the Voice, crying "Pre
pare!"

PERSONAL PREPARATION.
" One self-approving hour whole years outweighs." — Pope.
TF, as some suppose, that Bethany (or Beth-
abara) beyond Jordan "where John was
baptizing" was near the upper ford of the
river, not far from the southern extremity of
the Lake of Galilee, then the reader can see
how fishermen by sailing their boats to the
south shore could have reached the scene of
the prophet in two or three hours. It appears
that John the Baptist, who had begun his
cry in the wilderness of Judea, had by this
time crossed the river going north to the vi
cinity of an ancient bridge near to Galilee, in
order to accommodate the multitude of the
Galileans who were flocking to his Baptism.

28 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
It is certain that Andrew and John the son of
Zebedee, were among the first to hear and to
heed the warning. We infer also that their
own brothers, Simon and James, as well as
Philip and Nathanael, were included in the
movement which by this time had become so
general that the Gospel says, "AUJudea and
all the region about Jordan" went out to
him, "and were baptized of him in Jordan,
confessing their sins."
The preparation which Andrew made for
the Kingdom was deep and thorough; — the
impressions made upon his heart were fixed
and indelible. He has the honor to be not
only the first who is mentioned among John
the Baptist's adherents, but also to have
been the first to speak with, and to declare,
the Messiah to the world: to cry "Eureka,"
for the Messiah is indeed found, of " Whom
Moses in the law and the prophets did write."
Such a young man thus eminently crowned
with Gospel privileges was no half-hearted
youth; he made his opportunities; it was not
hap-hazard that he heard the Advent warn
ings and acted accordingly ; he was not borne

PERSONAL PREPARATION. 29
out upon the crest of enthusiasm, to fall
when the wave subsided.
How many men there must have been, as
there are in every age, who confess with the
lips, comply with outward forms, in whom no
moral renovation succeeds ; whose religion
continues to be what it always had been —
merely an inheritance, a matter of state, or
formal custom. Again there are very many
who shrink from the arrows of conviction,
and seldom go where their consciences may
be hurt ; the masses of unbelievers abandon
the sanctuary, both dreading the two-edged
sword of Truth, and envious of the blessings
enjoyed by the people of God.
But the preached word fell into good
ground in Andrew's case; he did not look
into the mirror one day to depart the next
forgetting what manner of man he was. He
was willing to know the conditions which
the prophet-preacher placed for sharing the
Messiah's Kingdom, and was in dead earnest
to fulfil these conditions. The work was per
sonal, interior, radical ; whether or not other
men went deep and made thorough work in
searching the chambers of their hearts for

30 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW
lurking sins, Andrew did, he plunged to the
depths of his being, and rid it of sin. If
purity of mind, if uprightness of spirit, if ab
sence of defilement, if the keeping of the Law
and the Prophets would avail to hasten the
Advent, he will not withhold any gift or
tithe, or self-sacrifice. Ashe beheld the mighty
preacher of righteousness, in his coarse habit,
a hermit whose only food was locusts and
wild honey, and whose shelter was some
lonely cave;— one so terrible, yet so humble,
so bold in denouncing sinners, yet so meek in
personal abnegation, Andrew sighed to quit
his nets and to assume the same manner of
life. There was nothing to hinder him; he
had no family, no share in the ships ; the way
was open, if he chose, to join the Elijah of the
Jordan. No one lives wholly unto himself; one's
sins even are not wholly his own, but he sins
by reason of a common infirmity. The na
tion and the race are expressed and repre
sented in every man. Andrew was eminently
reverent and free from guile ; there was, how
ever, a participation in the guilt of the na
tion which oppressed his heart. He did not;

PERSONAL PREPARATION. 31
moreover, care to separate the question of
individual guilt from that of his people. How-
many there are who are insensible to this
responsibility as members of a community or
commonwealth ! Yet, as the Jew wept over
Israel, the Christian should sorrow over all
who are fallen from God ; as the former con-
iessed his own sins and the sins of the congre
gation, so the latter should humble himself as
a son of mankind so much in need of Divine
mercy. The answering for one's own guilt before
the Mercy Seat is not the whole duty of man ;
the indictment contemplates the common
bond, whereby we have all fallen short of the
glory of God. Therefore, each soul should
participate in propitiatory rites, and vicarious
acts of the congregation, not neglecting the
cooperating ministry of the universal priest
hood under Christ.
Then let men consider whether repentance
be merely for one's own sins, whether confes
sions, sacraments, prayers, have not a far-
reaching effect inclusive of heaven and earth.
Andrew recognized in John the Baptist an
authoritative voice ; his denunciation of sins,

32 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
both public and personal, pierced him to the
quick ; he seemed himself to be a partaker in
and answerable for the disobedience of the
nation. He did not stop to consult with the theo
logians of his day, but guided by the flame of
his conscience, he threw off his outer garment
and descended into the flowing river to re
ceive Baptism. This was not precisely the
Christian Sacrament, but Baptism for the
Remission of Sins. The Baptism of the Holy
Ghost was yet to come. ' Those who are thus
born of water, must shortly, when Jesus
comes, be born again of the Holy Spirit. The
Johannean rite precedes' the other, as its log
ical condition. John's Baptism was the prep
aration for, and Christian Baptism the recep
tion of the Kingdom.

FULFILLING ALL RIGHTEOUSNESS. 33

FULFILLING ALL RIGHTEOUSNESS.
0 heavenly chrism !
Q meek Baptism
Dating Messiah's power !
]\|0W as John was preaching and baptizing
at the upper ford near to Galilee, among
others who came to his Baptism, came also
Jesus (S. Matt. iii. 13). It is the testimony
of the baptizer that he did not know Him at
that time (S. John i.31), though immediately
upon His drawing near to him, he realized
that he was in the presence of One greater
and holier than himself. Wherefore he sought
to dissuade the august stranger, saying unto
Him: "I have need to be baptized of Thee,
and comest Thou to me? "
The statement that he did not recognize
the Messiah must betaken in the usual sense ;
for though he may have met his Cousin after
the flesh in Hebron, or in Nazareth, when a
lad, so many years had now intervened, mak
ing such great change in both of them, that
Jesus had grown out of his memory, and all

34 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
traces of His personal appearance were oblit
erated from his mind. He neither knew Him
now as the Son of Mary, nor as Jesus the
Christ. Without doubt that providence which
had girded him for his peculiar mission as the
herald of the Kingdom, designed this faded
memory of the natural man, this forgetfulness
of the outward sense, in order that the eyes
of his mind might become more clear.
There were doubtless many standing on
the bank as Jesus descended into the Jordan
with the prophet, who knew Him merely as
the son of Joseph, a carpenter in Nazareth.
His appearance at this time bore no distin
guishing marks from other men; His garb
was the simplest; no seamless robe had yet
been laid upon Him by devoted hands; the
preternatural light which rose with the years
of His ministry had not yet effulged in His
countenance. We may think of Him as hav
ing a complexion fairer than other men, with
features blending the Jewish and the Greek
types; He wears a white linen head-scarf, a
tunic, also a colored over-garment, and san
dals for His feet; He stoops a little as He

FULFILLING ALL RIGHTEOUSNESS. 35
walks as if communing with His own
thoughts. This scene is enhanced when we remember
that St. Andrew was already a disciple of the
Baptist, and most likely was near him at this
moment fastening his gaze upon the lowly
Son of Man. It was, indeed, a mighty privi
lege to be a witness of the Baptism of our
Lord ; it was both a crisis in the Master's and
in the disciple's life who beheld it. If John had
confided the mysteries he already knew to
Andrew, then he had heard from his lips of a
sign from heaven, for he declared in his an
swer to the deputation from Jerusalem that
"He that sent me to baptize with water, the
same said unto me, upon whom thou shalt
see the Spirit descending, and remaining on
Him, the same is He which baptizeth with the
Holy Ghost." If this seal of identification
shall be set upon Him there can be no mistake.
But a two-fold confirmation was granted,
for "Jesus, when He was baptized, went
straightway out of the water, and lo, the
heavens were opened unto Him, and He saw
the Spirit of God descending like a dove and
lighting upon Him; and lo, a voice from

36 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
heaven saying, ' This is My beloved Son in
whom I am well pleased '.' "
It is not expressly said that the manifes
tation and the voice were seen and heard by
others save by John who baptized Him ; it is
not unlikely that those who constituted the
inner circle of the prophet's disciples were
also vouchsafed the same revelation, that
they might confirm his vision, and by the
unanimity of the experience fix their hope
unswervingly upon the Nazarene as the
Promised One.
The ground of Jesus' baptism was that He
might "fulfil all righteousness;" there was
here that dual consciousness already referred
to; for as the Representative of the human
family He did not care to repudiate that claim
of the Covenant requiring confession of sin.
and its remission. Hence Jesus, though Him
self sinless, humbled Himself as a man, and,
in unfeigned contrition for the sins of the
world, went down under the waters of Jor
dan. There was in this action a salutary les
son ; it bore fruit first in the lives of His dis
ciples, and has always rebuked the selfish, self-
righteous mind, which disowns the title that

FULFILLING ALL RIGHTEOUSNESS. 37
humanity has in every child of man. This
lesson of purity, meekness, and self-abnega
tion, Andrew never forgot ; rather, if we read
his character rightly, he was the choicest ex
emplar of it ; first, as a witness of the sinless
confession of sin, then, as the one who initi
ated the Gospel Call. From being the most
beloved of John's followers, he became the
first disciple of Jesus, and the first to win
others to Him also ; the herald who first ut
tered the glad message of the Advent; the
Alpha of the Church year, the leader of the
procession of martyrs whose memory we
sacredly commemorate; whose disinterested
greatness grows upon mankind as a spiritual
incentive among those who have made him
a patron saint, and example of Christian
Brotherhood, in leading the way, repeating
the invitation of the Gospel, and bringing
many under the benignant sway of the scep
tre of the Crucified and risen Lord.

38 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS.
"And of His Fulness have we all received,
And grace for grace."
'"THE private life of Jesus ended with His
* Baptism ; He was now anointed with
the Holy Ghost and with power ; the conse
crating act inaugurated His Messianic minis
try. The Christ has now the indubitable wit
ness both within and without: His mission
as the world's Saviour can no longer be gain-
sayed. " Set apart by so august a consecra
tion, as God's anointed, the regeneration of
the race, and the reconciliation of earth and
heaven were henceforth entrusted to His
hands." But a mental struggle was before
Him ; He listened to the prophet's words, and
was more and more convinced that the world
could not be redeemed by the Law as a chan
nel of salvation. A fountain of grace must be
opened and mankind drawn back to God by
strong bands of love in sacrifice. He cannot
assuage the great billows of thought and
emotion; He must hie away to the solitudes,

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS. 39
far away from every mortal for meditation,
and prayer, and to compose His spirit for the
awful ministry He must undertake. He must
meanwhile meet the Prince of Tempters, and,
in great bodily weakness, wrestle with the
world, the flesh and the devil; nay, be tempted
"in all points like as we are."
I. Now the day recorded in St. John i, 19-
28, was the last of Jesus' stay in the desert
solitudes, and the one immediately before His
return to the place where John was baptizing.
In this account we are introduced to a body
of learned priests and levites sent by the au
thorities in Jerusalem to question John as
to his person and claims; who he was and
what this movement which was turning
the world upside down was likely to grow to.
To their interrogations he answered that he
was not " the Christ," nor " Elias," nor "that
prophet," hnt merely " the voice of one crying
in the wilderness, Make straight the way ot
the Lord!" Thereupon the Pharisees, seek
ing to entrap him, demanded to know why
he baptised if he was neither the Christ, nor
Elias, nor that prophet who was to come.
Then John testified that His baptism was in-

40 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
troductory, and provisional, that it was not
designed to be complete as a symbol of regen
eration, not as the door of the Kingdom at
hand; but there was One already in their
midst, whom they did not know as yet, who
was so much his superior that he was not
worthy to do for Him the menial act of un
loosing the latchet of His sandals. "These
things were done in Bethabara beyond Jor
dan where John was baptizing."
There is every reason to believe that St.
Andrew stood by and overheard this inter
view, which took place upon the first of the
three memorable days. A number of earnest
minds had joined themselves to John the Bap
tist, and were already called "his disciples."
Andrew was a leading spirit among them;
for the season at least he had put aside the
occupation of fishing to attend upon the
preaching, and to assist in the baptizing of
the multitudes. The grounds of alarm, civil,
and religious, which disturbed the Sanhedrin,
did not disturb Andrew; the leading idea
with him as with many more, was personal
holiness as a preparation for the Advent;
further than this moral arousal, this trumpet

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS. 41
call of repentance, he had not forecast, neither
we may imagine had John clear conception of
the work which the Messiah was come to do.
II. The "next day" (S. John i. 29-34),
John beheld Jesus who had now returned
from the scene of His Temptation, and turning
to those who stood about, he said : "Behold
the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin
of the world." " This is He of whom I said,
' After me cometh a man which is preferred
before me, for He was before me.'" "And I
saw and bare record, that this is the Son of
God." This testimony implies the presence, on
that day, of persons who were there to
gather from him his idea of the Kingdom and
the Person of the Messiah ; those friendly and
hostile also. Though a courageous man, he
did not consider that his person was safe in
the borders of Judea, ,and had come to Beth-
abara doubtless for the greater security in
Antipas' province. But his days were num
bered; for a few weeks, or months, at most,
he was to continue his cry, then to be appre
hended and lodged in the fortress of Machaarus,
aloft on the mountain east of the Dead Sea.

42 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
Nothing better demonstrated the truth of his
words than the transparent sincerity and
candor of his soul. He was now a prominent
leader, a hero, a Whitefield, a Savonarola, a
Luther, a Peter the Hermit ; thousands were
intently watching his movements, ready in a
moment to obey his nod. But this fearless
preacher, this indomitable will, refusing rich
men's gifts, and disdaining fine linen and
costly banquets, was meek enough to take
the role of a simple herald of One greater than
himself; this mind, so unworldly, was pre
posterous, it was disbelieved as an idle jest
by the authorities ; he was a man to be sus
pected and to be watched as dangerous to
public safety. Yet this peerless humility was
better than miracles to attest his divine role
as the forerunner of Jehovah. He was at
least one of few men who are able calmly to
see others increase, to see their following die
as the rival's swells and magnifies.
This testimony was not lost upon Andrew,
and the other disciples of the Baptist. We
cannot say how clear the thought lay in their
imagination, as Jesus was declared to be the
Lamb of God who should take away the sin

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS. 43
of the world. Perhaps the words were bor
rowed from prophecy, or they were suggested
by the appearance of the emaciated Messiah
who had just ended His long fast, whose
bearing was unspeakably sad to one who
looked deeper than the surface. The aspect
of Jesus may have impressed upon him the
vicarious work of the Messiah, rather than
His kingly, at that moment. It is certain
that the Baptist and his disciples believed in
an atonement, and attached some ideas of
the Atoning work to His person and ministry.
How to reconcile this sacrificial side of His
work with the regal they may not have
known as we do : the spirit of prophecy is a
generic impulse, it awakens the broadest and
opposite conceptions; it deals in antinomies
and contradictions ; its language is universal,
rather than particular; its ideals are types,
not species. The discursive faculty supplies
the affiliating and complementary facts which
are wanting to harmonize those fore-gleams
of the Messianic reign and Person ; the deep
things which prophets and angels might wish
to peer into but could not clearly discern.

44 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW

III. "Again the next day after (Ch. i.
35-40) John stood and two of his disciples."
This verse is noteworthy and to be prized by
all admirers of S. Andrew, since it is the first
mention of him in the Bible. In verse 40, it
is definitely said, that one of the " two which
heard John speak" was "Andrew, Simon
Peter's brother;" the other disciple was the
evangelist John himself; these two were near
the Baptist on the third memorable day",
when he re-affirmed the witness of the pre
vious day, as they looked upon Jesus, saying :
"Behold the Lamb of God!" And the two
disciples heard him speak. They were not
careless hangers-on, vulgar starers ; they were
earnest and ready for action, and for self-
denials, should they be required. We observe
that Andrew never appears alone, he is no
solitary, he thinks best and acts best in con
cert; believes in sympathetic cooperation in
well doing. It is suggestive that he should
be the first and the only one whose name is
mentioned as a disciple of the prophet, and
one of the two who had the Messiah pointed
out to them. This was not accidental; the
steps of Jesus were predetermined ; He passed

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS. 45
by to test these young men ; He drew nigh
that John a second time might bear Him wit
ness. The hour had come for Him to draw
to Himself a circle of intimate followers who
found in Him the hope of Israel. And who
would be so well prepared and so receptive
as these two young men who had imbibed the
spirit of the Baptist ? Here were two who
never wavered in their attachment to Him;
one the Under of the Messiah, the other the
discoverer of the Resurrection (S. John xx. 8),
who never deserted Him even in the terrible
ordeal of His trial and crucifixion.
We see the grave and pre-occupied Man of
Nazareth passing slowly by ; hear the disin
terested profession, and witness the turning
point in the lives of two young men, for lo,
" they followed Jesus." This action was in
compliance with John the Baptist's wishes ;
they gave him no offense; he waved them
adieu ; they passed on with his benediction.
Let us watch the result! How much de
pended upon it both for themselves and for
the world at large; nay for you and me.
How many there are who accept salvation
when it is urged upon them, but how few go

46 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
forth to seek it as for hid treasure! How
many suffer themselves as it were to be taken
by siege, but never think to throw open the
gates for the King of glory to come in, and
possess them ! Andrew was not one to hang
back because he was not asked; because he
had not been introduced to the Nazarene. So
the Church passes a little before the children
of this world ; a few steps forward is asked of
us all, to show a true longing for light. Alas !
how multitudes shrink from the Gospel of
Hope ! They make little or no effort to find
the Lord, and to know more of His word and
the Church which He founded. They not only
are not in the way of salvation, but take
good heed not to be therein. It is well for
such that there are Andrews who will not
suffer them to be thus alienated from the path
of grace, who will not accept their nay, but
persuade and bring them to the sanctuary;
and, adding example to word of testimony,
Christian fellowship to the Sacraments, bring
them meekly to the feet of Jesus.
" Then Jesus turned and saw them follow
ing, and saith unto them, What seek ye?"
The Wonderful One has omniscient eyes ; He

THREE EVENTFUL DAYS. 47
sees all men ; they take no steps toward Him,
without His noting it ; ere long He speaks to
them by His messengers, and sends them
light in darkness, and speaks comforting
words by His Spirit.
This interview shows that Andrew and
his companion were bashful young men, in
distinction from forward and bold; on this
account it was doubly hard for them to make
the acquaintance of the One upon whom
now all their hopes hung for Israel. But the
event shows that modesty has its reward;
simplicity and gentleness are graces pleasing
to the Lord. We may all find the Christ,
though we be awkward in approaching Him ;
He will make it easier than we anticipated.
Andrew grows upon us as we study him ; he
was no obstreperous, self-conceited fellow,
whose room was better than his company.
If he errs at all it will be on the side of native
timidity, and instinctive carefulness ; his re
serve is delicate and proof of a refined mind
and humble heart. There are those who call
themselves Christians, who are far from agree
able in their converse, and who offend pro
priety, and decorum. They embarrass rather

48 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
than facilitate the work of inclining unbeliev
ers toward the Lord's house. But the imitat
ors of S. Andrew should be courteous and
affable, slow to speak, reflecting always, ever
led by the Spirit in their work for the Master.
We all love young men of thoughtful mien,
and good sense ; this is the prime virtue in a
friend. Such young men are the jewels of the
Saviour's crown ; they are they who come up
like the dews of the morning to the help of
the Lord against the mighty. Unmannerly
believers, boasters, lacking good breeding,
lewd, indecent, turn many aside from follow
ing the Master, and from following on to
know the Lord.
Then "They said unto Him, Rabbi, where
dwellest Thou?" If, as we assume, Andrew
was the speaker, then these are the first words
recorded that he uttered — "Rabbi, Master,
where art Thou at home?" It was a nice
way of implying their desire to make His
acquaintance, a civil manner of learning
whether they would be welcome guests.
Thereupon "He saith unto them, Come and
see!" These three words were the first sig
nificant words which, were ever spoken to

THE FIRST DAY WITH JESUS. 49
them, wherein they were told to show by
their conduct the intent of their minds. They
conveyed an invitation to accompany Him,
meanwhile He postponed the direct answer ;
He proffered, however, a better way than they
had expected. So our prayers are answered
for us in ways better than we asked or
thought. It mattered little where He dwelt
so long as they were by His side, listening to
His gracious words. 0, that skeptics and ag
nostics might but place themselves at the
intersecting points of Providence ! That they
might catch glimpses of the Glorified Man!
Alas, that the -spirit of unbelief chills itself
further by absence from the very places where
the Spirit whispers, and the Lord passes by !

THE FIRST DAY WITH JESUS.
"First seek thy Saviour out, and dwell
Beneath the shadow of His roof,
Till thou hast scanned His features well,
And known Him for the Christ by proof."
TT is said of S. Bernard, that he daily exara-
* ined himself by appropriating Jesus' words
to Andrew and John, "Bernarde, ad quid
venisti?" "Bernard, for what art ' thou

50 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
here?" These Galilean youths could not
have phrased their longings ; they were diffi
dent, and abashed; they sought for much,
very much for themselves and for Israel. The
unexpected opportunity of actually being the
Messiah's guests had not been in their dreams
even ; it was a heavenly boon. As they had
begun to follow Him, feeling their own way
into the light, it was well that no word came
then from Jesus concerning His Person or
mission ; He was not ready to affirm or to
deny. It was better that they should "come
and see" for themselves; and, learning more
of Him, decide for themselves whether He be
the Christ or no. The Forerunner had ident
ified Him, by the preternatural flame of the
descending Spirit, and by the audible voice
from heaven ; the hour had now come when
these young men were to ascertain themselves,
with no other helps than all earnest men
possess ; they were permitted to " come and
see" Him where He was staying.
We cannot just say where Jesus was
housed ; it is not certain that there were any
cottages in the vicinity. It is more likely
that He was stopping with neighbors from

THE FIRST DAY WITH JESUS. 51
Nazareth who had erected a temporary booth
wattled and interwoven with branches of the
live oak or palm, the top being covered by an
Abba, the outer covering usually worn by
the people. This was a humble lodge in a
wilderness to which to invite His guests ; there
was nothing prepossessing in the tent or in its
location. Andrew and his friend were too
wise, and too preoccupied with their Messi
anic hopes to have regard to these outward
conditions. Greatness is personal, things are
to be esteemed because of persons, and not
persons because of things . The humble white
washed roof of the Cotter in Ayr, and the lowly
home of the gentle Willie near the banks of
the Avon, are sublime in comparison with
gilded mansions whence have issued nothing
noble and praiseworthy for mankind. If a
man be poor, he need not be base arid craven;
but he may belong to nature's noblemen ;
though his garb be homespun, and his birth
place a cover of reeds, he may show that he
is every inch a " man for a' that ; " we do not
emerge from the days of apprenticeship to
Life, until we have learned to estimate men
at their true worth; to see through the

52 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
masks and shams of the shallow world-soul ;
to try persons by the golden rule rather than
the rule of gold; to count values by their
interior place in God's Kingdom of virtue and
truth, not by costume, uniform, financial rat
ing, or rank.
•Jesus said of John the Baptist that he did
not dress in gorgeous apparel, nor live deli
cately, yet "among those born of women
there is not a greater prophet."
The Apostle John says, " They (that is,
Andrew and John) came and saw where He
dwelt, and abode with Him that day." It
proved that neither the lodge nor the com
pany He was with were an affront to these
earnest souls ; they did not care to estimate
the social position of Jesus or His compan
ions ; it was Himself they sought. How deep
and abiding the impressions were of these
first hours! Years afterwards S. John, who
writes the Gospel, remembers vividly the pre
cise hour, for it was " about the tenth hour,"
that is, four o'clock in the afternoon. Many
lines might here be inserted in the way of
conjecturing what was spoken during these
sweet, brief hours. Let it suffice that An-

THE FIRST DAY WITH JESUS. 53
drew and John spent the remainder of that
day, and probably slept beneath the same
roof that night with the Lord. The crisis in
their lives had come, and ha.d found them
ready and worthy. How many young men
are found wanting in the precise hour when
fortune smiles! — young men who have been
irregular in their hours, unfaithful to their
pledges, wasteful of their earnings — for every
youth has his opportunity to rise to promise ;
few achieve place and esteem, because of slug
gish moral convictions, feeble perceptions of
the true, the good, and the beautiful; but
they resort with the vulgar, idle priceless
hours away ; and so fall short of every high
aspiration, and providential advantage.
These are two young men of thousands who
had heard John the Baptist's witness ; what
of the others ! How many scores heard the
same ? Where were they ? Andrew and John
were ready to enter in and receive a great
blessing. The truth was not so much dis
closed, it was discovered, for they found the
Christ. 0, "Sacred Sacrament of Goodness ! "
Temple in Thyself of celestial splendors ! the
One Man of all men whom to know is to love

54 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
and to love is to adore. They had taken a
look into His face, and
" How beautiful, if sorrow had not made
Sorrow more beautiful than beauty's self."
"And before they lay down to sleep they
knew and felt in their inmost hearts, that the
King of heaven had come, that the hopes of
centuries were now fulfilled; that they had
been in the presence of Him who was the de
sire of all nations, the Priest greater than
Aaron, the Prophet greater than Moses, the
King greater than David, the true star of
Jacob, and Sceptre of Israel."

A WORTHY EXAMPLE.
' ' Then potent with the spell of Heaven
Go, and thine erring brother gain,
Entice him home to be forgiven,
Till he too see his Saviour plain."
A FTER being informed in verse 40 (S. John
ch. I) that Andrew was Simon Peter's
brother, we are told that he first " findeth his
own brother." If, as we suppose, Andrew
spent the night as Jesus' guest, he arose early
the following day to carry the good news to

A WORTHY EXAMPLE. 55
his brother Simon, to tell him of the "great
Eureka." Jeremy Taylor says : " In accidents
of the greatest pleasure our joys cannot be
contained within the limits of the possessor's
thoughts." A believer is per se a fountain, a
voice that cannot keep from singing, a herald
against one's will, if it were possible. Want
of a loving zeal to cry the good news is proof
of lukewarmness. A divine impatience pos
sessed this young man to tell the surpassing
fact that he had actually found the Christ.
0, his feet seemed like a tortoise, he would
that he might fly to the fisher's ship! We
infer that the partnership continued on the
lake, where Peter, and John's brother, James,
now were. It would take a few hours at
best to reach them, fleet as the light-hearted
Andrew was. In any event it was before
mid-day that he arrived, and, breathless with
ardor and running, broke the mighty secret
to his brother. The effect upon the impulsive
Simon is not recorded; doubtless Andrew told
in hasty words how he had met Him, of such
gracious words, and such heavenly mien, of
an irresistible drawing to Him; and gave
broken links of the wonderful conversation.

56 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
It is not said that the elder brother was con
vinced, most likely he was not ; still he was
not disposed to make light of the matter.
The language of the next verse (42) intimates
that Peter went as much to gratify Andrew
as to follow his own curiosity' ; for, it is said
of the' one concerning the other, that "he
brought him to Jesus."
The example of the young man Andrew is
forcible and impressive; he intends to go
back to Bethabara and his brother must go
with him ; one at least sh all return with him ,
and he his "own brother." Thank God for
this object lesson, for this religion which like
charity begins at home ; for an evangel that
links family life, and rounds the circle about
the hearth-stone! Too often men fail in lead
ing th.eir kindred to Jesus. Why is it? Is it
from undue insistency ? impatience ? distaste
ful censorship? Something is the fly in the
ointment, and vitiates the well intended
effort. Andrew found Peter; he knew his
daily round of duties, the peculiarities of his
mind ; his attitude toward the preaching of
the Baptist ; the effect of recent events in the
wilderness upon him ; therefore he was the

A WORTHY EXAMPLE. 57
one best able to incline Peter favorably.
There is a form of zeal which is not accord
ing to knowledge, an indiscreet battering of
doubt — evangelical brutality ; there was none
of this in Andrew. He was no braggart, nor
over-confident zealot ; though he believes he
has found the Christ, he defers to his elder
brother's opinion, and wants him to come
and see for himself. Simon gladdens him by
not rebuking his enthusiasm, and by not
offending his sincere faith ; he does not seem
to have attributed Andrew's ecstatic state to
frenzy or hallucination; the younger could
not begin to tell why, but his noble and in
tellectual brother could quickly decide when
he sees Him .
We reflect a moment that the part Andrew
here performed is one all Christian men may
follow in spirit, each governed by conditions,
and providential leadings. You, reader, and I
may imitate him who was the first to tell
others where Jesus is, since he knew where to
find Him, and the way thereto. There are
then these two essentials for successful work ;
first to know Him by personal experience,
next to know how to bring others to Him.

58 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
To this end we must have a just sense of sin,
ts guilt, and its remission; a sense of the
Brotherhood of believers ; of the universal
necessity of Baptism for the forgiveness of
sins, and of the Blessed Sacrament of the
Lord's Supper as the aliment of the new crea
ture in Christ Jesus. Also the experience of
frequent converse with the children of the
King ; familiarity with the Book of Common
Prayer, the Creed, and its interpretation;
and hearty participation in the acts of praise
and prayer in the sanctuary. So furnished
one is apt to teach, and to guide into the way
of life. Too often the cry is heard, " Come,"
but no clear direction is given either where
the Lord is, or how to find Him. The Cath
olic Christian well understands where Jesus
is, that He is~ in His Church, the Kingdom
over which he reigns now from Heaven ; that
He may always be found by the laver of re
generation, and at the Altar. We seek there
fore as Christian men to bring our brothers
"within the hearing of the Gospel of Jesus
Christ as set forth in the services of the
Church," as an infallible light to enlighten
sincere seekers after God. Andrew was not

THE FIRST FRUITS. ' 59
satisfied merely to tell Peter where he would
be likely to find the Christ, but he went along
with him, and did not slacken his pace, nor
abate his ardor till he had introduced him to
the Wonderful Man. Absenteeism is an un
productive form of religion. No one who for
inadequate reasons absents himself from the
house of prayer is a fruitful branch. Andrew
sets the example of punctual and regular at
tendance upon the means of grace, and, hav
ing done this, how "to look out for oppor
tunities to spread Christ's Kingdom among
young men."

THE FIRST FRUITS.
"No fading, frail memorial give
To soothe his soul when thou art gone,
But wreaths of hope for aye to live,
And thoughts of good together done."
T T was laudable in Andrew to seek out his
brother and to introduce him to the Christ ;
he must have looked back in after years with'
a cup overflowing with satisfaction, when he
beheld him the leading spirit of the chosen
Twelve. Now, as John the Baptist was des-

60 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
fined to see the Messiah increase, and, as
Barnabas, who sought out Saul, beheld Paul
increasing and becoming more prominent
than himself, so Andrew was destined to be
overshadowed by him whom he had brought
to his Lord ; and this, too, without regret, or
envy, nay, rather, with fervent pleasure, and
deep gratitude to Almighty God who had
found him worthy of so much honor.
In all important associations of men for
any end, mercantile, or civil, there are those
who are less prominent but no less essential
to the success of the enterprise. They are the
secret chamber^ of the pinions, without which
all would be a jarring confusion; they are the
indispensable unknown quantity of the prob
lem. The financier of the concern represents
the factory before the world ; but the mill-man
is after all the true pivot upon which the suc
cess of the mill turns; he is the cloistered
head, the skilful artisan, and mechanic who is
omnipresent, yet, invisible to the outer world.
Such, in a fashion, was the post of S. Andrew
among the Twelve. His position we shall
more closely define hereafter, but it will be
found to be neither conspicuous nor incon-

THE FIRST FRUITS. 61
spicuous ; he was no striver after place and
honor ; he never put up any one to ask for a
seat on the right or left hand of the Messiah
in His Kingdom ; still the unconscious artist,
with more intuition than historic knowledge,
ranges the Apostles with Andrew on Jesus'
left close by His side. If S. Peter had the
place of dignity, it was not the seat of love;
John and Andrew occupied these seats. We
ought all to be willing that others should
have dignities, provided we have the bosom
of our Lord. Let us be content that those we
bring into the Church pass before us, their
success is our mead ; the thought of their larger
talent and success were no deterrent but a
grand incentive were we imbued with the
spirit of an Andrew, or John the Baptist.
Simon Barjona was a sturdy fisherman,
with firm chin, confident and searching gaze.
When Jesus looked upon him He saw directly
"a rare unbending purpose, the tenacious
fidelity, the swift decisiveness, the Galilean
fire and manliness, and the tender religious
spirit," in short, just the characteristics which
were wanted in His disciples. So we read:
"And when Jesus beheld him, He said, Thou

62 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
art Simon, the son of Jona, thou shalt be
called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A
Stone." This play upon words, this augury
of names, this mystic parallelism of sounds,
to what purpose ? It was to give the mind
of the over-confident Galilean a lever of faith
to lift the dead world; a pledge of favor, a
divination of powers yet to be developed.
He was not rock -like yet ; but he was to be
come the base of a sublime structure — the
Church of Christ Jesus. Andrew was de
lighted ; he looked upon the friendly Prophet
with tears trickling down his cheeks; how
good and kind He was to greet his brother so
cordially! Oh, Jesus will greet all our brothers
just as benignantly ; let us bring them to Him.
The rest of the day was spent in conversa
tion ; the following day they started for Gali
lee; when at some point in the journey to
Cana, they found Philip, the fair young man,
with the beautiful countenance. It is not
likely that Jesus Himself found him; it is
more likely that Andrew, his bosom friend,
had gone on before to the place where he
would be likely to find him, and had taken
him by the hand and brought him also to

THE FIRST FRUITS. 63
Jesus with the same invitation which Jesus
"had used to Himself. Andrew is the usher of
his intimate play-mate and associate ; Philip
also has an older companion who at that
moment was reading the crishna, the daily
office, under a fig tree not far from the road.
Philip, profiting by Andrew's example, as we
all ought to do, ran to the place where he
was and called Nathanael (Bartholomew),
and when he doubted, said to him, what we
all may use with certain success,
"come and see."
What a text for a sermon ! There are
moments when discourse is less useful than
entreaty, and invitation more effective than
argument. Every man likes to be compli
mented with a fair share of common sense;
then give him opportunity to use it for himself
as the Gospel does. Ask him to draw near,
for there are moments when the heavens open
and God discloses Himself in wondrous flames
of fire and love. Then do we
" Crowd eternity into an hour,
And stretch an hour into eternity."
Such was the thrill, the arrow of convic-

64 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
tion, which shot through Nathanael's soul as
he fell upon his knees with the exclamation,
"Rabbi, Thou art the Son of God, Thou art the
King of Israel. ' '
The Gospel Of Persuasion has become one
of Seeing, and Seeing has become Assurance.
As John now calls his brother, there are
already six in the group ; and so remarkable,
they are the first and leading ones to be soon
found among the Twelve; viz, Peter, James,
John, Andrew, Philip and Nathanael. Truly
these, the first fruits, are bountiful, they are
the sheaf Andrew has reaped so soon. What
greater encouragement shall we want, dear
reader, than this ? Soon they will be called to
a wider sphere ; but must wait for the seed to
take root. They will toil still for weeks, and
for months by times, till Jesus' ministry in
Jerusalem and Judea is ended , and He begins
anew His work in Galilee. Then they will re
ceive the call to abandon their nets.

SECULAR LINKS. 65

SECULAR LINKS.
"He talks of wood; it is some carpenter." — Shakespeare.
T^HE lives of most men, either by necessity
or choice, are devoted to secular callings.
Virtuous work is easily known whether of
head or hand. A good man is known by the
class he belongs to, and the business he is en
gaged in ; by the food he eats, and the fluids
he drinks, as well as by the Church he at
tends, or the order and frequency of his wor
ship. An artisan who makes a Christian boot
serves God thereby quite as much as his rec
tor who, during the same time has written a
Christian sermon. To labor diligently in any
honest calling is to glorify God.
The Master was born and nurtured as an
artisan; the lessons of His craft entered as
gold grains into His crystalline manhood.
Joseph was an industrious craftsman, who
labored day by day, to provide the means of
their support. Jesus' playmates were rustics
"belonging to a lowly class ; with beautiful ac-

66 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
quiescence to His lot Jesus reverences parental
authority, and works at the carpenter's bench,
making household furniture, and cattle yokes.
He was not ashamed of it ; nor -have we any
intimation that He felt that in this there was
any discrepancy with His high mission, though
He was the Prince of Life and the world's Sav
iour. He never apologizes for being a self-
made man, not a scholar bred in the schools
with the Rabbi's stamp. We must infer that
the actual surroundings of Jesus were favor
able, rather than otherwise, to the redemptive
work He was sent to perform. He gained
His information about the affairs of men as
did other Galilean youth, by observation and
inquiry, the use of faculties common to all.
Now Christ's life is the type; at thirty He
appeared before the Jewish world an example
of choicest intelligence ; for, while working at
the bench, as many others do, He had pon
dered great themes. He performed fifteen
years of manual labor, meanwhile preparing
for His ministry ; what depths He reached !
what insight into human nature ! These years
of secular life were an important period o
His life-work. His labors as the Prince of

SECULAR LINKS. 67
Peace began with the saw and the plane;
what a solace for the hard-working man ! 0
that the wage-earners of the land would con
template the carpenter's Son, as He shoulders
His tools and brings back the modest wage
to His mother ! 0 that the misanthropes, and
discontented laborers everywhere might feel
the force of this example of handicraft 1 The
philosopher's stone is to be contented with
one's calling, and to serve God and man
cheerfully in it.
The Lord, both before and after His resur
rection, did not despise menial duties. He
roasted a fish, and baked bread ; the disciples
meanwhile were fishing for food. He draws
His parables from every field, and knew what
to say and what to do. He who had shared
the cares of a son and brother, succoring the
disciples in physical need, setting an example
of obliging service, seems to say : that the
place and the work Providence has assigned
to us, can be made cheerful and can be filled
with good deeds. The Spirit gives diverse
gifts; no one can do the Lord's work by
proxy; association accomplishes what soli
tary effort cannot do. Men of industry and

68 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
judgment acquire a faculty of easy approach
and discourse ; live business men are couriers
for Christ ; their between-raoments, are worth
more when they bestow them upon the
Church, than an all day of an idler. A busy
Christian inculcates the salutary lessons of
industry and sobriety. The Church must find
men where they live; and whoso well adapted
as thyself, dear feader, to bring the fellow of
like pursuit ? In the Church of Christ there
are none weak but those who are worldly,
none inferior but those who are unbelieving,
none useless but those who are unfaithful,
and unspiritual. Be up and doing, ye are the
sons of One Father ! and after Christ have a
mission of good works, in faith and love.

A LESSON IN PRACTICAL RELIGION.
" Of right and wrong he taught,
Truths as refined as eves Athens heard :
And strange to tell, he practised what he preached."
—John Armstrong.
OT. PAUL exhorted the Thessalonians to be
^ quiet in their manners, industrious, inde
pendent of help, and honest toward all men

A LESSON IN PRACTICAL RELIGION 69
(Ch. iv. 11-12). Religion is profitable for the
life that now is : the average mortal will not
be persuaded that present miseries augment
the felicities of the future. The Church is no
Melchisedek among mankind, without begin
ning or end of days. The Christian faith has
its proper place in the evolution of the race,
as the Incarnation has in the creation of God.
It is of no use to preach the Gospel to
hungry men, for they will not listen to it. If
thy brother be hungry, feed him, then tell him
about our blessed Lord who went about do
ing good. Modern times have no effectual
cure of prevalent disorders save in apply
ing the law of Christian love. The Apostles
— St. Andrew eminently so — illustrate the
practical side of religion. Both before and
after their association with Jesus, they were
equally ready and capable in physical activi
ties as occasion required. Modern civilization
is rebuked for suffering so many young men
to reach professional ranks without first ac
quiring some manual art, and fitting them
selves, when necessity calls, to enter the army
of laborers. We make a mistake when we
speak of certain callings as "learned" or

70 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
"honorable" professions. Let those titles
become obsolete. Every form of honest labor
is honorable, and our really learned men are
not always found with designating titles. A
Christian man is per se a laborer; he must
employ either his heart or his hands, or both.
Respect not the idle tramp with empty pocket,
nor the rich one with full purse. Do not for
get that carpenters, fishermen, and tax gath
erers were seated upon thrones in the Lord's
Kingdom. No business is a barrier to the practice of a
pure religion. Men in these days of pressure
and high-tension, need a counterpoise — brain
and nerves are strained to the bleeding-point.
Often in the midst of their work the silver
cord snaps, the lamp falls, and the light of a
human life is forever extinguished. Men in
these days need a firm trust in God. How
often a cry to the Master who stilled the
stormy Galilee would bring relief, and a fugi
tive prayer to the Infinite One be like hidden
manna to some fainting spirit — and all day
long the promises of Christ, like missives of a
lover, relieve the brow of the toiler, and
brighten the trying round of work.

A LESSON IN PRACTICAL RELIGION. 71
But some one says that, if a man is squeam
ish about the ethics of transactions, he can
not prosper in business, and that the spirit of
trade is an uncongenial one to a genuinely
Christian man. We reply that a human life,
whether good or evil in principle, is a battle
between opposites. It cannot be shown that
the laws of society protect the dishonest man
and expose the honest one. Because a man is
a Christian he need not be crowded back — if
he know how, he may still sing bass. We
maintain that a strictly honest life is the most
satisfactory to the man that lives it — that
thereby he rises steadily in the esteem of good
men ; that he is doubly sure of the rewards of
patient industry, and the slow accumulations
of frugality. If the rules of Christian living
were obeyed at large, a multitude of evils that
infest the commercial world and bring fre
quent disaster, would be quickly healed.
Brotherly love would soon devise a means of
arbitrating all differences between capital and
labor, between employer and employed.
Our faith, brethren, does not shrink from
everyday, and concrete tests — it is of genuine
importance at all times and in every place.

72 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
It brings to all the best stimuli for undertak
ing life's burdens. We believe that the best
education in spiritual directions is gained in a
busy life, for it screens one from the snares of
idleness while it develops a virtuous habit of
self-help and self-respect. The most persuasive
argument for a Christian young man to em
ploy, is friendship and good will shown to his
fellows, at the counter, the shop, the market,
and the stall. By fair dealing, and quiet be
havior, being fervent in spirit, while diligent
in business, he shall deserve to rank with
those of whom the inspired writer says, they
shall not stand "before mean men," but they
shall "stand before kings." So may our
Christian men prosper, build up reputable
business houses, factories, and estates, at the
same time foster missions, education, and
bureaus of charity, and thus mightily preach
the Gospel, bringing present conviction of the
Practical Uses of Religion.

NETS ABANDONED. 73

NETS ABANDONED.
"God offers to every mind its choice between truth
and repose." — Emerson.
TT would appear from the comparison of the
synoptical Gospels with S. John's that
Jesus spent nearly a year after His Baptism
in visiting the thickly populated vicinity of
Galilee, meanwhile making a journey of con
siderable importance to Jerusalem returning
through Samaria. Andrew and a few other
disciples, particularly Philip, were with Him,
at intervals, but had now returned home.
We are advanced sufficiently in our sketch of
Andrew to consider his call to be an Apostle.
There was first a Discipleship of nine months,
then two and a half years of being an Apostle,
before he was prepared to be a Witness for
Jesus. The highest office in the Kingdom is
that of witnessing; you, reader, are chosen
perchance therefor; if so, remember the grada
tions ! One may be an inviter, without being
an ambassador; Andrew drew a number of
worthy disciples to Jesus, before he was pre-

74 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
pared to proclaim the Gospel. There is a
vast distinction between calling men to Jesus,
and defining the Faith as it is in Him. The
latter requires peculiar gifts, and long pre
paration. Heralds are needed, and all men
may be such ; but expounders of our religion
must be nurtured with great care, and sit
many years at the Master's feet.
One should not confound his call to be a
follower of Jesus, or his desire to do Chris
tian work, with a call to be a "Prophet,"
that is, a preacher of righteousness. The
loving desire to speak, and to tell about
Jesus should be found in every young person,
whereas the opportunity of education and
thorough outfit to preach the everlasting
Truth as it is in Jesus is open to a relative
few. God blesses the efforts of every disciple
who is willing to do something for His Son ;
but does not pledge to bless unintelligent
preaching of the Gospel, or illiterate evan
gelism. We have come to the second stage of An
drew's preparation ; it required a great decis
ion; but months of reflection had prepared
him for it. Nothing was done hastily. Jesus

NETS ABANDONED. 75
was many months proving the Twelve before
He made them an inner circle to be ever with
Him . Some changes h ad already taken place ;
Jesus had removed to Capernaum from Naz
areth ; His reputed father Joseph, was dead ;
His own townsmen were incensed at His
preaching; safety and convenience brought
Him to the little town on the shore of the
lake. Here, after returning from Judea, He
was the guest of Peter and Andrew, and per
formed a miracle by healing Peter's mother-
in-law. The next day He came down to the
beach attended by a great multitude, which
pressed so upon Him that He asked Peter to
permit Him to speak from his boat. When
the discourse was over, He asked Peter to
launch out into the midst of the lake and to
lower the net. This was a tax upon their
faith; what should this carpenter know
about fishing ?
Can the wary Simon, son of Jonas, suffer
a hill-peasant to tell him anything about his
own business that he does not know ? But
as Jesus insisted, Peter, with incredulity, hav
ing toiled all night in vain, unreeled the nets
and shoved off. The result you know — Peter

76 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
was beaten at his own trade ; there was One
more sagacious than himself; the effect was
stupefying; we see the brawny pilot of the
Galilean lake prostrate upon the beach, pro
testing his unworthiness to companion with
One who could catch so mighty a haul of fish
with the sun well up in the eastern sky (S.
Lukeiv. 2-11; Matt. iv. 12; Mark i. 16-20).
Now all were astonished at the "haul, An
drew among them ; the impression was over
whelming ; the miracle of the healing of the
fever-patient the day before was no such
proof in these fisher's eyes as a wonder-work
connected with their own business. Now is
the moment to get the decision ; will they
abandon their nets finally and become fishers
of men? They will. For when they had
brought their ships to land they forsook all
and followed Him.
This resolve was irreversible, because it
was made with sufficient guarantees ; it of
fered no fortune, no honor; no advantage of
a worldly sort; but rather opprobrium, and
peril. John the Baptist had just been be
headed, Jesus driven from Jerusalem and from
Nazareth, Andrew and Peter forced to leave

NETS ABANDONED. 77
their native town, Bethsaida. Not all fol
lowers of Jesus are brought face to face with
a similar decision ; but some of my readers
will be; they are young men of talent, and
fair worldly outlook; like Saul of Tarsus,
gifted, and ambitious; you will be sought
out by the Messiah to be a near Disciple, a
Pastor and Teacher in the Church of Christ.
If so, first have a clear assurance of the valid
ity of your faith, of the integrity of your
Credo ; study the infallible proofs ; make no
decision to be reversed ; then, taking life, and
fortune, link them with the Risen Lord, and
cheerfully forsake your "Net." For no one
has ever left father and mother, house and
lands, and followed Jesus, without a hundred
fold compensation here in this world, and in
the world to come the promise of live ever
lasting, which none can compute.

78 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.

AD HOMINEM.
"A Christian is God Almighty's Gentleman."
— Guesses at Truth.
A I 7E cannot advisedly pass to the next char
acteristic event without emphasizing
the force of the appeal which our Lord gave
to S. Andrew and his companions by making
their employment the lever of His personal
influence with them. Without doubt the still
ing of the tempest upon a lake which is
churned to foam in a moment, becoming dan
gerous even to sturdy, long practiced oars
men, as they were; the sending of Peter to
find the stater in the fish's mouth, the walk
ing upon the sea, as well as the miraculous
draught of fishes, were designed ad hominem,
to produce their effect upon the fishers among
the Twelve, primarily, who were to be His
Chosen Witnesses.
The lesson is clear ; if you would succeed in
bringing men to Jesus, in gaining them for
the Kingdom as recruits in the Brotherhood
of Belief, then provide that such persons ap-

ONLY A LAD WITH A BASKET. 79
proach them > as are most en rapport with
their daily life ; the carpenter-pastor has been
known to succeed with carpenters where
others have failed; the pastor who under
stood the engine, with engineers, where other
men had no leverage to reach them.
Men of many pursuits are needed in
pushing Christian work; but better still in
lieu thereof, a sympathy which draws one
among the middle and lowly classes, until
one learns their mode of thought, and can
establish links of friendly reciprocity; such
workers are the Andrews who have a gift
better than the Gift of Tongues. He succeeded
best with fishermen ; and brought several of
them to the Messiah ; all of whom were con
vinced. Whom can you bring, dear reader ?

ONLY A LAD WITH A BASKET.
"There is a lad— five loaves hath he."
— Lyra Innocentium.
\\ WITHOUT going into detail concerning the
' " miraculous feeding of a vast multitude
under the shadow of Bethsaida, Andrew's
birthplace (S. Matt, xv.; John vi.), we point

80 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
out an interesting trait in him developed in
cidentally. It is stated by S. John who was
an eye-witness of the occurrence, and an in
timate companion of both Philip and Andrew,
that Jesus, before He sent the hungry multi
tude away, was disposed to feed them ; so He
asked Philip where bread could be purchased
for so many; this He said to "prove him,"
for He knew what He would do. The men
tion of the two disciples together is another
evidence of their uniform companionship. It
did not occur to Philip that Jesus could create
bread if necessary ; he said rather that even
two hundred denarii, so large a sum as that,
would not be sufficient; and they had little
or nothing1 in their scrip. Andrew, who was
standing by, overheard the remark, and said :
" There is a lad here which hath five barley
loaves, and two small fishes; but what are
they among so many?"
The coincidence of the remarks of the two
friends reflects the likeness of their minds, the
unconscious assimilation of their thoughts.
But the leading idea to be here noted is the
attention Andrew paid to little matters ; he
had noticed the lad and the basket on his

ONLY A LAD WITH A BASKET. 81
arm ; had enquired what he had in it. This
is his trait; nothing, however small, he over
looks ; he has a minute circumspection ; and a
fortunate suggestiveness. We do good at
times by uttering our trivial, timid thoughts;
others take them up, and from little hints
great results follow ; for who can tell whether
this or that will prosper ?
When we bring our offerings to Jesus bear
this miracle in mind ! The little lad with two
small fishes and five biscuits had the nucleus
of a bountiful repast after the Great Giver
had blessed them. Then do not despise the
day of small things, of few members or of
scant funds. From tiny fountains brooks pro
ceed; and many brooks by confluence form
rivers, and rivers fill the seas. So the word,
the handshake, the smile, the warning,, the
unconscious example, are the instruments of
blessing others.
"There is a lad — five loaves hath'he,
And fishes twain ; — but what are they,
Where hungry thousands be ?
Nay, Christ will find a way.
In order on the fresh green hill
The mighty Shepherd ranks His sheep
By tens and fifties, still
As clouds when breezes sleep.

82 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
Oh, who can tell the trembling joy.
Who paint the grave, endearing look,
When from that favored boy
The wondrous pledge He took.
Keep, thou, dear child, thine early word;
Bring Him thy best; who knows but He
For His eternal board
May take some gift of thee?"
— Lyra Innocentium.

USHERS OF THE KING.
"Praise, Lord, for thine Apostle, the first to welcome thee,
The first to lead his brother, the very Christ to see."
" All praise for Thine Apostle, blessed guide to Greek
and Jew."
TT was not purely accidental that certain
proselytes who had come up to the last
Passover, desiring to see Jesus, asked Philip
about it, and that he, at once, conferred with
Andrew; whereupon they together brought
Jesus the request (S. John, 20-22). We gather
our facts about both of these Apostles from
their closest friend, S. John; this panel pic
ture, of the Holy Week scene, is of peculiar

USHERS OF THE KING. 83
interest. First it shows that these young
men had made acquaintances outside of their
nation; Philip has a Greek name, and may
have had a Greek father; his home in Beth
saida was adjacent to the new settlements
which the Greek rulers had made, called De-
capolis; if, as we may suppose, these proselytes
were from that region they would naturally
be inclined to apply to one in sympathy with
them as a people, and one who had been in
terested in their conversion to Judaism. In
Christian work no amount of effort is a sub
stitute for sympathy— an indefinable language
best understood by others than by the per
son who uses it — this quality was beautiful in
Andrew and Philip.
Then it is plain that here were two disci
ples who could confer, and did confer in their
work. Too often good people are unwilling,
or incapable, of co-operation ; they can do a
great deal if allowed to manage and to go
ahead ; but are so constituted that nothing is
right unless it is done by them, or, as they
want it done. Here were two congenial spir
its; they knew that two heads were better
than one ; that it was better to act in concert

84 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW
than alone. In this they were wise, — this
was the " Communion of Saints " practically
illustrated ; a valuable lesson for all Christian
Endeavorers . Then this incident further shows
that Andrew was regarded by Philip as
standing in closer relations to the Lord than
himself; hence was better able to judge of the
propriety of the request. Thus a chain of in
fluence may often associate several in a com
mon result; it took two persons to bring the
Greek proselytes to Jesus' presence; — one who
knew best the spirit of the former, one who
knew best the mind of the latter. Andrew-
was complimented by this mark of deference.
So both were ushers of the King, one of
the corridor, the other of the King's cham
ber. These acts are in keeping with what we
have already learned about them ; they were
not too proud, nor too abstracted in other
matters to be offended at the request of the
modest strangers. They found no work be
neath them which magnified Jesus before the
world. It is better to be adoorkeeper of the
House of God than a prince among the tents
of the wicked. Young Christians are apt to
strain after salient deeds, after conspicuous

USHERS OF THE KING. 85
posts; crave offices, and committees; disre
garding the eminent privilege of being each of
them an usher of the King, each week to bring
at least one soul under the salutary influence
of the sanctuary. This is genuine Christian
work; all else is mechanical, done by rule
and canons ; personal work following upon
closest prayer is alone effectual; then, dear
reader, you can do the chiefest service as well
as any one, for to introduce a stranger to the
place where Jesus is, has no superior and no
peer, among Churchly dignities, or duties.
We also bear in mind that the function of
usher and inviter, calls for affability, open-
heartedness, a warm grasp, a pleading eye,
and a gracious bearing. It does not call for
debate, and argument, let that be! for the
usher brings his brother to Jesus who will
be the enlightener ; He will provide the needed
information ; He will see that those who seek
Him early, that is earnestly, shall find Him.
" If any man serve Me him will My Father
honour."

86 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.

ST. ANDREW'S POSITION AMONG
THE TWELVE.
TF we were to follow S. Matthew's order,
Andrew would have the second place next
after Simon Peter; then James, and John;
then Philip and Bartholomew (Nathanael).
S. Mark, who wrote under the eye of the
Apostle Peter, in his list of Apostles, places
him fourth; first Simon, surnamed Peter,
then James and John, the sons of thunder,
followed by Andrew, Philip and Bartholomew.
S.Luke places Andrew second as being Peter's
brother. No list of the Apostles is found in
the fourth Gospel. Andrew is mentioned be
fore Peter in naming their birthplace.
In the Acts (i, 13), the order of those in
the upper chamber is, Peter, James, John, An
drew, Philip, Bartholomew. It will be seen
that, whenever Andrew's name is detached
from his brother's, he is found between John
and Philip ; this, the fourth place, may then
be assigned him, as it co-ordinates him with

HIS POSITION AMONG THE TWELVE. 87
three young men of the disciples with whom
he was most intimate; and with whom he
had by temperament most similarity.
In the discourse upon the Mount of Olives
concerning future things, four are mentioned
as asking him privately, viz., Peter, James,
John, and Andrew ; an arrangement conform
ing to the view here advocated.
If now we divide the Apostles into pairs,
Peter and James as older brothers, and men
of administrative gifts, are first mentioned,
who are most often together; next come
John and Andrew — both younger brothers,
drawn together by a natural sympathy ; the
first who were disciples of John the Baptist ;
the first who found and believed in the Mes
siah; the first who went after and led their
own brothers to Jesus ; the first in starting
the movement in Jesus' behalf, forming about
His person an inner circle of devoted disciples.
Next in order to those are Philip and Nathan
ael, placed together partly because of early
friendship, partly because they came to Jesus
the same day; evidently co-ordinated with
John and Andrew because of their great in
timacy and likeness of character. If, how-

8S LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
ever, we separate the Twelve into groups of
three, Andrew stands at the first of the second
group, along with Philip and Nathanael;
there are some reasons for preferring this ar
rangement; it falls into line with the usual
mention of them by S. John in his Gospel,
also with tradition.
If the Twelve be divided into groups of
four, Andrew is still among the first, next
after John, a fact greatly to his honor. So in
any case the recognized position of our Patron
Saint bears out the homage he has received
from the Eastern Church, Burgundy, Scot
land, and England, also numerous orders of
chivalry, and Brotherhoods.

SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS.
\X/E shall conclude our sketch with a sum
mary of St. Andrew's characteristics
worthy of imitation.
1. Modesty. — A refined courtesy, gentle
behavior toward all persons young and old,
inferiors as well as superiors ; proper regard

SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS. 89
for places and for events, suiting the word
and the gesture to the person and the situa
tion, so as not to offend by impertinence,
boldness, and presumption.
2. Caution. — Akin to the former; consci
entious reticence; every important matter
deferred for reflection and counsel, a sure safe
guard against blundering with the best in
tentions. 3. Disinterestedness. — Magnanimous at
tachments, making him a favorite, a bosom
friend with Jesus, a welcome guest, a cour
teous and considerate usher, a winning con
fidant in Brotherhood Work.
4. Affability. — Carefulness in the phrasing
of address, making the best impression with
few words.
5. Concentrated Attention. — An eager per
ception, a steadfast, straightforward look, a
consecutive thoughtfulness, and fidelity to
duty; an alertness and vigilance which allows
nothing, however small, to be overlooked.
6. Suggestiveness. — Being full of hints be
cause full of enthusiasm ; being willing that
others shall borrow the idea and have the
praise if only the Kingdom come ; — this grace

90 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
is the intangible factor in Church work, the
Wisdom taught of the Spirit.
7. Companionship. — Doing nothing alone
which can be better done by concert, not self-
seeking and itching for favors ; capable of
both giving and receiving advice ; not erratic
and whimsical; not thinking "a thing will
not succeed because forsooth I- have not been
consulted nor my suggestion has not been
adopted ' ' — so endearing himself to all whether
within or without, by sunny, hopeful zeal for
the Messiah's Kingdom.
8. Consistency. — Uninterrupted devotion,
without moodiness, vacillation and doubt; —
not retrospective, but sanguine, progressive,
pioneering, inventive of new expedients; al
ways pushing forward with an even track
left behind.
9. Finally Heroism. — The soul of great
achievement, the reservoir of power and op
portunity to do, to dare, and to suffer all
things ;— not craven, not niggardly, not dain
ty of meats and drinks, not fearful of stale
bread or hard couches, but able to endure
hardness as a good soldier of the Great Cap
tain; and to testify through a triumphant

LIVING LESSONS. 91
martyrdom upon the transverse cross; in
himself illustrating the self-denial inculcated
in those words which were spoken to the
Greeks whom he brought to Jesus, "He that
loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hat-
eth his life in this world shall keep it unto life
eternal."

LIVING LESSONS.
A MONG the many lessons of S. Andrew's
life we select the following :
1. How that any young person may at
least bring some friend where Jesus is wor
shipped, which is the surest way of bringing
him into the Kingdom.
2. How that debate and logical proofs
are less efficient in winning souls than unaf
fected piety and sincere Christian love.
3. How that Companionship ministers to
the success of Christian activities ; and how
this reciprocal activity achieves results which
represent greater knowledge and wisdom
than any one individual possesses.
4. How that Association assimilates one

92 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
to another, till all come to a common mind.
The Communion of Saints is effectuated in
likenesses of character, in proportion as we
appropriate and put on Christ.
5. How that early friendships are the
strongest, and natural ties ordained of God
form the firmest cords of Christian fellowship.
The six leading Apostles were brothers, cous
ins, and intimate friends, before they became
fellow disciples. Co-workers must be well
acquainted, without the restraint of strange
ness or diffidence; they must be capable of
repressing self-seeking thoughts, loving to see
others honored, rejoicing with them in their
success, as if it were one's own.
6. How immediate and powerful is a good
example, without the fly in the ointment,
which is self-consciousness ; but an example
made up of consecutive little acts, the daily
bearing of the Cross, in purity of thought,
word, and deed.

THE LEGEND. 93

THE LEGEND,
A MONG the apocryphal books is the "Acts,
and Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle An
drew" in Achaia in the presence of twenty
thousand of his believing brethren. He was
stripped and tied with ropes to be left for the
dogs to devour in the night-time. "These
things were done in the province of Achaia in
the city of Patras, on the day before the
kalends of December (November 30th), where
also his glorious deeds are shown even to this
day." Eusebius assigns Scythia as the scene of
his principal labors. The form of his cross is
fixed by tradition as a crux decussata. In the
fourth century some relics were brought from
the scene of his martyrdom, to Scotland, of
which he became the patron saint; — and
later, to Westminster Abbey where there is a
chapel called after his name. He is the patron
of the famous Order of the Golden Fleece in

94 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
Burgundy; also of Russia, its principal order
being, The Cross of S. Andrew.
"The Adoration of his Cross" and the
" Flagellation " are well known subjects from
his life. In a great painting Murillo suspends
him on the trunks of trees laid transversely.
As the keys are the symbol of S. Peter, the
sword of S. Paul, the transverse cross is the
symbol of S. Andrew.
In arranging the Apostles at the last sup
per the masters differ; Giotto (Santa Croce
Florence) places S. John on the Saviour's
right hand reclining in His lap, and S. An
drew next to his Lord on the left, both being
pre-eminently disciples of His bosom. In
Rafael's picture in the Vatican, S.Andrew has
his hand on the shoulder of his brother, S.
Peter, and leans forward with an earnest,
inquiring look.

T

THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW. 95

APPENDIX.
THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW.
(Contributed by Mr. Houghteling).
HE Brotherhood of S. Andrew was founded
in 1883, for the spread of Christ's King
dom among young" men. Its name and its
text (S. John. I, 35-42) indicate its primary
methods. In each of the several National
Churches of the Anglican Communion the
Brotherhood where organized is autonomous,
but these National Brotherhoods stand to
gether on a common platform known as
The Washington Basis.
Whereas, the Brotherhood of S. Andrew was or
ganized as an order of laymen in the Protestant Episco
pal Church in the United States of America in the year of
our Lord, 1886, by the adoption of a constitution, which
set forth the object and rules of the Order, its primary
organization and the qualification of members and offi
cers therein ; and
Whereas, in the Providence of God, Orders of the
same name, object, and rules have since that time been
organized in the Church of England in Canada, in the
Episcopal Church in Scotland, and in the Church of Eng
land in Australia ; and

96 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
Whereas, steps are being taken to organize such an
Order in the Church of England, and in other branches of
the Anglican Communion ; and
Whereas, it is desirable that these Orders in many
lands be linked together by identity of object, rules, prim
ary organization and qualifications of members and
officers, as well as in fraternal co-operation in prayer
and service for the spread of Christ's Kingdom among
men, and in mutual assistance in all that concerns the
welfare of the movement,
Be it Resolved: That the following declaration of
the essential principles of the Order be and is hereby
made by the Brotherhood of S. Andrew in the United
States of America in this Ninth Annual Convention as
sembled in the City of Washington, this thirteenth day
of October in the'year of our Lord, 1894, and that the
same be submitted to the Brotherhoods of S. Andrew in
Canada, in Scotland, and in Australia for ratification by
them, as a Basis of Union in fraternal sympathy and
work for these several organizations upon which may be
effected such formal and institutional union as may be
hereafter established by them.
Declaration of the Essential Principles of the
Brotherhood of S. Andrew.
Object: — The sole object of the Brotherhood of S.
Andrew is the spread of Christ's Kingdom among young
men, and to this end every man desiring to become a
member thereof must pledge himself to obey the rules of
the Brotherhood so long as he shall be a member.
Rules: — These rules are two : The Rule of Prayer and
the Rule of Service. The Rule of Prayer is to pray daily
for the spread of Christ's Kingdom among young men

THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW. 97
and for God's blessing upon the labors of the Brother
hood. The Rule of Service is. to make an earnest effort
each week to bring at least one young man within the
hearing of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Organization: — Any organization of young men in
any parish, mission or educational institution of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of
America, the Church of England in Canada, the Episco
pal Church in Scotland, the Church of England, or any
other branches, the Church of Ireland, or in any other
Church of the Anglican Communion, effected under the
name of the Brotherhood of S. Andrew, with the ap
proval of the rector or minister in charge, for the one
object and under the two rules as above set forth, is en
titled to become and be a Chapter of the Brotherhood of
S. Andrew as long as said approval shall continue, and
to representation in Brotherhood conventions.
QualiBcations : — No man shall be » member of a
Chapter who is not baptized, and no member shall be
elected presiding officer of his Chapter, or a delegate to a
convention, who is not also a communicant of one of
the Churches aforesaid.
This basis has been ratified by the Brother
hoods in the United States, Canada, Scot
land, and Australia, and a provisional organ
ization exists in England. There are now
about fifteen hundred Chapters and fifteen
thousand members in the Order. The organ
of the Brotherhood is S. Andrew's Cross, pub
lished monthly. This paper, and other docu-

98 LIFE AND EXAMPLE OF ST. ANDREW.
ments concerning the Order, can be obtained
at any of the Brotherhood headquarters.
The office of the Council of the Brother
hood of S. Andrew in the United States of
America is at the Church Missions House, 281
Fourth Avenue (corner of Twenty-second
Street), New York City. Address John W.
Wood, General Secretary.
The office of the Canadian Brotherhood is
at 34 Adelaide Street, East, Toronto. Ad
dress Spenser Waugh, General Secretary.
The office of the Scotch Brotherhood is at
107 Princess Street, Edinburgh. Address Ar
thur Giles, Secretary.
The Secretary of the Council of the Austra
lian Brotherhood is K. E. Barnett, 149 Forbes
Street, Woolloomooloo, Sydney, N. S. W.
The Acting Secretary of the Brotherhood
movement in England is Rev. J. Stephen Bar-
rass, S. Michael's Church, Bassinghall Street,
London, England.

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