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( iii )

ADVERTISEMENT.

T

HE Reader will find my acknowledgments to the
Rev. Henry Meen, B. D. and the liberal Dean and
Chapter of St. Paul's, recorded in the Advertifement to
my firft volume. He will now judge for himfelf on the value
of their indulgence ; and I think he muft agree with me,
that hitherto little was known of the Hiftory of the Metro
politan Church fubfequent to the reign of Henry VIII.
Sir William Dugdale's work deferves the high reputation it
enjoys ; but I hope it will not be thought prefumptuous in
me to point out a few articles not to be found in his book.
Thofe are, every Charter granted to the Church, and many
agreements entered into by the Dean and Chapter ; feveral
particulars of the Chantries, and the injuftice of the Crown in
the feizure of their lands ; Memorandum of the New Work,
1332; DeSaye's Bill of Charges, 1326; Letter from the
Privy Council to the Bifhops ; Prefentments on the ftate of
the church temp, Elizabeth ; all the proceedings of Inigo Jones;
Dr. Corbett's excellent letter to his Diocefe ; the whole bodf
of extracts from the Commifnoriers' Books, and thofe of the
Mafter Workmen under the direction of Sir Chriftopher Wren;
nine letters, from as many Archbifhops and Bifhops, relating
Vol. III. a to
Nichols and Son, Printers, Red Lion Passage, Fi.eet-sts.elt.

( iv )
. to commutations of penance and their own fubfcriptions to
the building, with the charges for fculpture by Cibber, Bird,
Strong, Latham, &c and .thpfe of .Gibbon for his matchlefs
carvings. Since Sir William's time the fame novelty will be
difcovered, as no other perfon has been indulged with the
perufal of the Archives of St. Paul's befides myfelf.
Clerkenwell, St. James. Abraham Rhodes, Efq. the
worthy veftry-clerk, has my warmeft thanks for the liberality
with which he fpread before me every original manufcript
worth infpection relating to St. James's and St. John's. The
late Rev. Mr. Davis having granted the ufe of his Regifters, I
have been enabled to detail the Annals (including them) from
the time of Queen Elizabeth.
Cripple gate, St. Giles. I have to lament that in this,
as in the preceding article, my acknowledgments will be 'of
no avail, to the reverend Gentleman to whofe kindness I ani
indebted ; but the Rev. G. W. Hand and Mr. Davis will
ever be remembered by me with gratitude, as their pariihes
furnifh a greater variety of new and valuable information thaii
any others in this volume.
Christ Church, St. Catharine's. Dr. Hamilton
obliged me with the means of furmfliing the readec with' the
curious articles under this head.
Christ Church, Newgate-street. The Rev. Mr.
Crowther granted, with the moft friendly zeal, the ufe off
his Regifters ; and .procured me, from the liberal Mr, Nott, v£uch

( v )
fuch other inahufcripts as will he found to convey a fund of cn*
tertainment, relating to the proceedings of Henry VIII. with the
church of The Grey Friers ; and thofe of St. Nicholas and St. Ewin.
Christ's Hospital. In this article my introdu&ian
¦proceeded from a worthy Governor, my friend Mr. Nichols ;
which was moft ardently fecpnded by the faithful Steward,
Mr. Hathaway.
The Savoy Hospital. For this very valuable .original
-^jftory the reader and mylelf are indebted to Mr. William
Richardson, of York houfe in the Strand, who dent me
the manufcript compiled by the Receiver-general of fhte
Duchy of Lancafter.
The Rev. Mr. Pridden furnifhed me with the lift of *the
members of the College to which he belongs, in the eftab-
lifhment of St. Paul's.
The remainder of the volume contains a great variety :of
'other matter, compiled from the manufcripts in the Britifb
-Mufeum; and a manufcript diftertation on a ftatue of Diana
found near St. Paul's, lent me by Alexander Chalmers, Efq.
and Written by Dr. Woodward.
Dr. Roberts, of St. Paul's fchool, rendered me every
afilftance in 'his power in the readieft jnanner.
Meffrs. Gough and Nichols, brothers in friendfhip and
Jfranknefs of communication, have furnifhed me with the fol
lowing articles.
Notices of the iDeans of St. Paul's, p. 14 ; the Archdeacons,
p. 18; notes p. 63, £<5, 140, 100, 1Q2, 213, 221* 237:;
a 2 extracts

( Ti )
extracts from Bifhop Kennett's copy of Dugdale's Monafticon,
in Mr. Gough's polTeffion, p. 254, 255 ; the print of St. John's
Gate, p. 26Q; Dr. Bennet's cafe, p. 274 — 278; notes p. 303,
308, 309, 381, 3Q4, 395, 398, 437; epitaph of Dr. Gatford,
p. 439 ; notes p. 441, 445, 448, 467 ; anecdotes of rectors,
p. 468 ; notes p. 485, 486, 487, 491, 552, 559 ; account of
the Leatherfellers' Company's feal, p. 563 ; and of Sir John
Crofby, p. 566, 507, 568.
The Rev. Mr. Watts, of Sion College, liberally per
mitted me to extract the lifts of inftitutions of rectors from
the official books of that venerable foundation.
And, finally, I gratefully acknowledge the friendfhip of
Mr. Nichols, in lending me the portrait of Oliver Cromwell*
engraved for the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. LXIX. ; and thart
of his lady, copied by Sharpe, a turner at Cambridge, from
an old one which is mentioned in a volume juft publifhed,
intituled, " Letters between the Rev. James Granger, M. A-"
&c. &c. edited by the author of this work ; and the feal of
the priory of St. John of Jerufalem.
To Mr. Gough I am equally indebted, for permiftion to
copy Mr. Schnebbelie's drawing of Sir William Wefton's
tomb, and for the plate reprefenting the feal of the Priory of
St. Helen's.
Having thus aceomplifhed the pleafant tafk of thanking my
friends, I proceed with avidity in offering my gratitude to the
publicks, whofe favourable reception of my firft volume encou
raged and fupported me in my labours, now nearly accompli/bed. Were

( vii )
Were I to forget the candour and impartiality with which the
various Reviews have fpoken of that volume, and their uni
form commendation of it, I fhould deferve the odium due to
ingratitude. One, and the only charge alledged againft it, juftice to my-
felf compels me to repel. It is, that I with to include the
whole body of Nonconformifts in one general reproach. Now,
if any reader of that volume will take the trouble of reviewing
it, they will find nothing to warrant fuch a charge They
will find that I have inveighed only againft that violence,
irreligion, and dilapidation, which marked the condudl. of the
turbulent partizan ; bis tenets, or bis reafons for diffent from the
Eftablifhed Church, or thofe of his fucceffors, have nev&r even
been mentioned. This will be found to be the cafe in the
volumes now prefented to the publick : I have in them, and
mall whenever occafi on offers, endeavoured to fhew the bad
confequences attendingRevolution and Anarchy; which, Itruft,
will be allowed by every candid mind to have prevailed in a
dreadful degree in the reigns of Charles I. and Charles II. and
to have caufed horrid devaluation from Enthufiafts, whofe re
turn to order and propriety I have more than once noticed.
The article, Copied from an old newfpaper verbatim and
without comment, relating to the burial of Jelly, was really
intended as an hiftorical fact, proving that interments had not
ceafed in Sir Thomas Row's ground at that period. The
whimfical fpleen of the writer deprives it of all effect. Had it

f viii )
it been an eulogium on him, I -fhould hive inferted it with
more pleafure.
To conclude, I may be charged with equal juftioe,, by the
Church to which I 'belong, of wifhing to include it in my
cenfure, when I exhibit Henry VIII, (the real founder of it)
as an infamous and unprincipled Tyrant, who treated the
Roman Catholioks even worfe than the Oliverians did the
Clergy and their churches at the time alluded to. The Non-
conformifts may reft affured, that, if I fhould live to fee their
places of worfhip in London attacked, my pen and arm Ihould.be
exerted in their defence. But that I truft is impoflible : Liberty
of confcience is and will be maintained, and I am confident
would even be recommended if neceilary, while the great
body of the Diffenters continue the love of their country
which has governed them fince the Reftoration ; .and that
.they will, I never entertained a doubt.
Cpgent reafons, as readily imagined as explained, have
compelled me to fecure the property of this work to myfelf by
entering it at Stationers' Hall. The remainder of it is now
in the prefs, and will be completed as foon as fo laborious
a tafk can be accomplifhed by the exertions of
James Peller Malcolm.
Somen Town, March 1805.

( ix )

CONTENTS. Page
Cathedral op St. Paul - - - " $¦
St. Paul's School - - - - 184
Clerkenwell, St. James — - — — 199
 St. John — - - — 247
Cripplegate, St. Giles _ — — — 270
Christ Chitrch, St. Catharine's - - — — 307
Christ Church FarringdOn Within - — — 324
Christ's Hospital _ — — — — 350
Christ Church, Spitalfields — - — — 3^6
St. Clement Danes _ _ — — — 391
Savoy Hospital _ _ — — - 398.
St. Dionis ------ 434
Pewterers' Hall ----- 440
St. Dunstan's in the East • — — - - 443
Bakers' Hall ------ 449
St. Dunstan^s in the West _ - - — 450
St. Edmund the King ----- 467
St. Ethelburga ----- 47a
Marine Society ----- 474.
St. George, Middlesex _ _ - - 477
St. George, Botolph-lane - - - - 481
St. Giles in the Fields _ - — — 485
Guildhall - — — - 5°4
St. Helen's ------ 548
Leatherfellers' Hall - - - " ~ 56*
Grefham. College - 5%
Excife. Office - - - - - "57^

I s 3

LONDINIUM RE'DIVIVUM.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL
IT would' be abfurd to enter into a tedious detail of the constitution of the
Diocefe of London, fo well known. From the period when it was erecled into
a Bifhoprick to the prefent, the ecclefiaftical government of the Metropolis has
been enjoyed by 94 Bifhops, including the long feries of 11 98 years; and, on
an average, 12 years, 8 months, and a few days, to each Prelate.
Many of my readers" poffefs Newcourt's Repertorium, whofe pages are occu
pied from the 6th to the 3 2d in fhort accounts of the bifhops, concluding with
Henry Compton. A continuation of his plan, to the prefent day, cannot be
altogether unacceptable.
Henry Compton, youngeft fon of Spencer Earl of Northampton, was.
born in 1632. After a regular academical education, fuitable to his father's rank
in life, he efcaped being witnefs to eight turbulent years of his country's
wretchednefs, palled by him in the purfuit of knowledge on' the Continent;
how profitably his future actions evinced. On the Reftoration of Charles the
Second he returned to England,, full of loyalty and fpirit ; which animated him
to make his firft outfet in publick as cornet in a troop of horfe for the King's
guard. A lingular prelude to lawn fleeves ; but perfectly excufable, at a time
when the profpect of regular government had raifed an cnthuflafm in every vir
tuous breaft to maintain the Throne, even though
" The wifh'd-for blefling, by Heaven fent,
Became their curfe and punifhment."
Vol. IN. B Wi • r

6 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
When the ferious turn of mind he foon after began to experience had been forrie
time encouraged, he prepared to fix his character, by taking the degree of
M. A. in the univerfity of Cambridge ; and afterwards holy orders; and at the age
of 34, became a canon commoner; and in 1669 was inftalled canon of Chrift Church.
The degrees of B. and D. D. followed in due time. In 1674. he was confecrated
bifhop of Oxford; and, Dec. 18, 1675, was tranfiated to London. He foon after
obtained a feat in the privy council ; and his fovereign entrufted him with the
important charge of educating the princeffes Mary and Anne, who were both
confirmed, and married, by him. Their morals and attainments did honour to
his abilities and piety.
The bifhop with more charity than effect endeavoured, about the year 1680,
to convince the Clergy and the Diffenters of the neceflity of an union ; and
published, in that year, the fubftance of feveral conferences on the fubjecl. He
was equally zealous in his oppofition to the Roman-catholicks ; which James
the Second refented, and difmifled him from the Deanry of the Chapels-royal,
a place he had held ten years, and from the Council-table. Thofe were but the
preludes to our prelate's difgrace, completed by a fufpenfion from his epifcopal
functions, accomplished in a manner not very creditable to the parties concerned.
Mary, then princefs of Orange, endeavoured to conciliate the King, but without
fuccefs ; and the bifhop excited ftill more refentment, by voting, in the capacity
of governor of the Charter-houfe, againft the reception of Andrew Popham, who
was a Roman-catholick, as a penfioner. Compton during the interval of his fuf-^
penfion wifely retired to the epifcopal refidence at Fulham, where the garden of the
palace, through his predilection for botany, profited by the introduction of many
foreign and valuable Englifh plants. By the year 1688 the court had beo-un to
dread the general exafperation ; and, as an attempt towards, conciliation, the
bifhop was reftored to his paftoral office, in the month of September, in that
year. During the revolutionary concuffion which followed, the princefs Anne was
indebted to him and the Earl of Dorfet for her conveyance from London to
Nottingham, where fhe was placed in fafety. He eagerly feized every oppor
tunity of forwarding the introduction of the Prince of Orange ; and, both in his
legislative and epifcopal capacities, rendered the caufe great fervice. That
rewards Should follow fuch diftinguifhed zeal, was but juftice ; and he was not
only reftored to his former places, but had the honour of crowning his patrons
William

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 7
William and Mary. He was a commissioner for revifing the Liturgy, and the au
thor of feveral publications, whofe titles may be feen in the Biographia Britannica,
and in the Biographical Dictionary, vol. IV. p. 185. He had the Singular honour
of presiding over the fee of London during the whole period of the rebuilding of
his cathedral, in a ftyle which renders it the pride of the city, and the admiration
of the country; and he died, at the good old age of 81, July 7, 1713.
John Robinson, D. D. whofe political abilities perhaps furpafled his eccle
fiaftical, was originally a prebendary of Canterbury cathedral ; whence he
was promoted to the deanry of Windfor, and inftalled on the 3d of Decem
ber 1709. On the 19th of November 1710 he was confecrated bifhop of
Briftol, and in the following year appointed lord privy feal. But this appoint
ment was not the commencement of his political career; for he had enjoyed the
honour of reprefenting his fovereign at the court of Warfaw fome years before ;
and the knowledge of his powers in negotiation led to his nomination as plenipo
tentiary for the treaty of Utrecht in 171 1 ; and, as a reward for his eminent fer-
vices in accomplishing that treaty, he received a conge d'elire for the fee of London
from the queen, and was elected accordingly on the 27th of Auguft 1713*.
In 1718 he founded three exhibitions for bachelors at Oriel college, and erected
1 handfome edifice in the garden of that feminary, of which he had been a mem-
jer-f~. He lived ten years after his election, and died in 172.3.
Edmund Gibson was born at Knipe, in the county of Weftmoreland, 1669 ;
where he received his preparatory education; and in 1686 became a fervitor of
Queen's college Oxford \. He Studied the Northern languages there under Dr.
Hickes, and foOn made a great proficiency. In 1691 he published editions of
Polemo-Middiana and Cantilena Rujlica ; and Shortly after tranfiated the Saxon
Chronicle into Latin, and published it, with the original Saxon, accompanied by
note's, in 1692. Thefe, and other works, were followed by a tranflation of
" Camden'-s Britannia," with improvements, enlarged in fucceeding editions by
his lordfhip, and alfo " Reliquiae Spelmannia-nse." This prelate's preferments
were 'progressive and gradual. He was chaplain to archbifhop Tenifon, rector of
Lambeth, and archdeacon of Surrey; confecrated bifhop of Lincoln 1715 ; and on
the 29th of April, 1723, elected bifhop of London §. Edmund Gibfon may
* Seal book of the dean and chapter. f Atterbury's Epiftolf.ry Correfrondence, vol.V. p. 389.
\ Ducarel's Hiftory of Lambeth 'Palace. § Seal book, D and C.
B 1 with

8 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
with juftice be numbered in the long lift of eminent and worthy divines, whofe
piety, learning, and excellence of life, reflect fo, much credit on our nation ;. and
his death, which happened on the 6th of September, 1748, in the 79th year of
his age, 33 years after his confecration, and when he had prefided over the
fee of London 25 years, 4 months, and 7 days, was regretted by it accordingly.
Thomas Sherlock fucceeded, and was. elected on the 8th of November
1748*. This prelate was born in the year 1678; and had his education at
Catharine hall, Cambridge, where he received his. degrees, and afterwards-"
became mafter. Upon the resignation of his- father, Dr. William Sherlock, he,
was appointed mafter of the Temple ; which office they field in fucceffion for the
long term of 70 years. He was appointed 1715 dean of Chichefter; 1728;
bifhop of Bangor ;, 1 734 of Salifbury ; and might, had he pleafed, been arch
bifhop of Canterbury, but preferred the comparative eafe of the fee of London..
After Slaving eftablifhed the character of a learned, pious, and excellent prelate,.
and enjoyed the full reward attached to fuch a character, he departed this-
life, in the year 1 761, , aged 84, having been bifhop of London, little more than,
12 years. He published many pamphlets on the Corporation and Teft acts, in a.
controverfy with the bifhop of Bangor ; fermons, &c.
Thomas Hayter, elected the 5th of October 1761 *. This prelate had
enjoyed the following preferments previous to his elevation to the fee of London ;
the deanry of his majefty's chapel-royal; and the biShoprick of Norwich, 1749.
He was a member of the privy-council, a governor of the Charter-houfe (a place.
held by all his predeceffors and fucceffors), and F. R. S. His laft dignity was o£
very-Short duration.; for he died on the 9th of January 1762-^, three months*
after his election;,.
Richard Osbaldeston fucceeded on the 8th of February 1762 %, tranf
iated from the fee of Carlifle; and, prefided for. the Short term of two years, as he.
died in 1764.
Richard Terrick, D. D. elected the 30th of May 1764 '§,, was tranfiated,
from the fee of Peterborough to that of London ; which he held near thirteen
years,, and died, on the 3 ift. of March 1777, aged 66 years. He was dean of the
chapels-royal, and one of the. privy council. He published, nothing more than a.
few fermons preached on public occafions..
* Seal book. f Gent, Mag. vol. XXXII. p.46.. J. Seal book. § Seal book.
Robert

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 9
Robert Lowth, D. D. whofe virtues, learning, and afflictions, are frefh in
the reader's recollection, fucceeded Terrick on the aad of April 1777*. This
prelate was born at Winchefter on the 8th of December 1710; in the cathedral
of which city his father held a prebend, and in whofe college his fon received the
foundation of an excellent education, completed at New college, Oxford. At the
age of 31 he was chofen profeSfor of Hebrew poetry in the fame univerfity; and
in 1754 received the degree of D. D. His preferments were, the living of Over
ton, Hampshire, 1736; and the archdeaconry of Winchefter, 1750. Having
had the honour of travelling with the Marquis of Hartington, eldeft fon to the
Duke of Devonfhire, he attended that nobleman to Ireland as domeftic chaplain,
in 1755; whofe patronage as viceroy procured him the biShoprick of Limerick.
He was translated to St. David's 1766, in the fame year to Oxford, from thence
to London -J-. Dr. Lowth might have clofed his life at the very Summit of British.
ecclefiaftical honours, gratefully offered by his Sovereign, more gratefully.
declined through illnefs and affliction.. His paternal griefs were -heightened to.
an uncommon excefs by the fudden death of his daughter Frances, who expired in
the moment of domeftic enjoyment, while presiding at her tea-table,, in July 17.83..
The Shock of fuch an event, when it is remembered that the bifhop was then in
his 73d year, may well be imagined to have made an indelible impreffion on a
mind fo tremblingly alive to affection, fo capable of expreSling it, as that which
produced the unequalled lines to the memory of his daughter Mary ; lines which
have been printed, copied, and translated, almoft as often as the Odes and Satires.
of Horace. Dr. Lowth died Nov. 3, 1787, aged 77, ten years after his promo
tion tothe fee of London; It is barely neceffary. to mention, that he was the
author of Lectures " de Sacra Poefi Hebrseorum," a translation ofTfaiah, and tile
Life of William of Wykeham. The univerfal efteem in which thefe works are
held is & better eulogium on them than any I can pronounce.
BielbyPorteus, D.D. was elected bilhop of London on the a7th of Novem^
ber 1787. With this prelate's exemplary conduct all parties are fatisfied ; and his-
Lectures at St. James's church, Weftminfter, with his recent difpofal of that rich.
rectory to a worthy Divine, unexpectedly and unfolicited, merely from the uni
verfal character of the party, is a ftrong proof of the judicious choice of his Sove
reign and the Dean and Chapter of. St. Paul's church.
* Seal bpok. . f Biographical Dictionary.
TBs

10 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.,
The cathedral church of St. Paul hath been governed by a Dean from the
remoteft antiquity ; and the mere names of a few have .been mentioned, who .pre
fided before the Norman Conqueft.
It is almqSi: fuperfluous to fay, that the Dean Should refide in the vicinity of his
church, and that it has been cuftomary for him to do fo ; or that he governs, with
the advice of his Chapter, its temporal and fpiritual concerns. The Chapter is
compofed of the Dean and three Refidentiaries, all of whom muft have been pre
viously Prebendaries, and the Dean poffeffes two votes, in order that equal divisions
on a queftion may not.obftruct the execution of their acts. The Dean and Chapter,
on a vacancy in the fee of London, receive a recommendation from the King, and
proceed to the election of the perfon recommended. The Statutes of the church
forbid the Dean to affift unlefs he be a prebendary. They make leafes of manors,
prefent incumbents to livings in their gift, appoint the minor canons, &c. and
direct the repairs of the church.
Their acts are registered in what is termed The Seal booky-tnA. figned by them
felves, or one of the refidentiaries by proxy. From this book I fhall prefent my
readers with fome ufeful information in a following page.
The following lines are copied from Sir John Hawkins's Hiftory of Mufic *,
with notes by himfelf, in the Britifh Mufeum.
" The Dean and the Precentor are the officers of greatefi: dignity in all choral
eftabliShments ; but there are others which ufage and fucceffive endowments have
authorised, and the canon law recognizes.
" The BiShop is properly the head of the church ; and the preSbyters, who are
varioufly termed canons or prebendaries, though their offices in the choir are but
ill defined by the canonists, are his council, and were antiently ten in number -f-.
In the choral functions, the precenfor prefided till about the middle of the Sixth
century; but afterwards, when endowments began to be made of cathedral and
collegiate churches, it was thought unfit that he, who was at moft but one of the
choir, fhouldgovern as well as direct the reft. This made the officeof Dean necef
fary; which being a term borrowed from the military difcipline, and derived from
decanus, and that iromTundg, ten, imports a right of presiding over ten fubordinates;
and thefe, in their corporate capacity, are ftyled "Dean and Chapter." The
* Vol. I. p. 396, f 30 in St. Paul's. Dean

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 11
Dean then is tobe considered as arch-preSbyter and head of the choir, as the Bifhop
is of the church. Next to him in legal order follows the Precentor, formerly
ftyled Primicerius, and in later times Chanter; then the Canons ; and after them
the Minor Canons, who are alfo prefbyters, and, with the Lay-vicars, are con
jectured to hold the place of the antient PlklmiSls, or canonical fingers, who, in
a canon of the Council of Laodicea, are defcribed as ringing out of parliament ;
laftly, ChoriSlers, or Singing children,"
Directiones pro electione Domini Decani ecclefiae cathedralis Domini Pauli
London', decanatu vacante.
" Imprimis, fiat mandatum citatorium et monitorium ad citand' omnes et
fingulos canonicos et ftagia, &c.
Item fiant fchedule contra fingulos canonicos, affigend' in ftallis cujuflibet prae-
bendarii. Item die ftatuto conveniant omnes citati in choro ecclefiae hora folita, et celebre-
tur miffa de Spiritu Sancto folemniter ; qua finiti, exeant omnes de choro in
domum capitularem, ubi coram preSidente per fubfacriftam (pulfata prius cam-
pana ad capitulum congregand') exhibeatur citatorium Originale una cum certi-
ficatorio per eum fiend' et facta.
" The prefident with the canons go into the Chapter-boufe, and there fit and
decree to proceed to their election. The facrift appears, and brings in the man
date, with a certificate of the execution thereof. Then the prebends are called;
and after their calling the prefident choofes, with the confent of the prebends
Dr. B. in director' and W— ff in fcribam; and requires fome witneffes to remain arid
be prefent at the election.
"The prebends being again called to appear about the election of the dean, and
not appearing, the prefident, with the affent' of the prebends, pronounceth thofe not
appearing to be in contempt juxta fchedul am leclam, and decrees to proceed to the
election. The prefident, with confent, doth read a fecond fchedule cont' excoicatos.
Then Dr. Bennet, the director, expounds the chapter quapnopter div'fos, and Shews
three ways of chufing, and directs to proceed fecundum compromifum, which is con
firmed to, and a compromifarie chofen, who names the Dean juxta fchedulam. The
prefident, with affent, choofes two canons their proctors, not only to declare to the
Dean the election, and to defire his content, but to exhibit a certificate of the
election

12 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
election to the bifhop or chancellor, and to defire confirmation of the fame, and
a decree to inftall him. The prefident going out of the chapter-houfe into the
choir, proclamation is made by the director of the election of the Dean to the
people, and to -the perfon elected. Te Deum fung, the two canons appointed as
proctors do vivd voce declare the election to the Dean, and defire his affent. He
affents, prout infcheduld"
The above form of proceeding is from the original in the muniment room of
St. Paul's, whence the following is extracted.
Installation.
" Firft, to go fro ye veftrie in their whoods and furpliffes"; the Deane between
ye two chief refidentiaries p'nt, to bring him into ye Deanes ftall, and then (he
thear Standing) ye mandate to be read by ye chapiter clerk. The chief refidenti-
arie to inftall him by these words, " Ego authoritate mihi cofiiifa, vos vener' vir'
Mr. Joem Overall hujus eccl'ie cath'is St. Pauli, decan' elect' et confirmatu,
falvis jurib' epifcopalib' dni epi London' corifirmo, ac jurib' nro capitularib'
induco et inftallo. Dns cuftodiat introitu, &c. O Lord fave thy fervant, who
putteth his truft in thee. Be unto him a Strong tower from the fear of the enemie.
Let not the enemie do him evil, nor ye foonne of wickednes approach to hurt him.
" Then this collect to be faid: "Almighty God, ye difpofer of offices and distribu
tor of all good things, which for ye government of churches hath inftituted and or
dained divcrfe degrees of dignities, we humblie befeech thee with the protection of thy
grace to fave and defend this thy fervant, appointed to yc deanrie of this church ;
and lett ye Holy Ghoft, ye difpofer of all heavenly graces, fo affift him y' he may
be an example and paterne of vertue to thofe whofe care* is to him committed, Sec."
" Then the quier to Sing Te Deum. Then to goe to ye chapiter- houfe, and
theare to be placed in yc Deanes feate, " Ego authoritate," &c.
" The oath to be administered, he to fubferibe. Then, everie one ftanding in
his place, to fay  " Catera dejunt.
The Rev. George Pretyman, D. D. Lord BiShop of Lincoln, prefent Dean,
was inftalled March ia, 1787; on which occafion the Dean prefented to the
prefident and chapter the bifhop of London's mandate for his installation, and
defired them to execute it. The prefident having caufed the mandate to be read,
* This MS. is very much decayed, and the words in italicks are fupplied. he

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 13
he, -with the confent of the Chapter, decreed that the inftallation Should immedi
ately take place. A proceflion was then formed from the Chapter-houfe, through
the great Weft door, into the church; the two junior vergers in their gowns and
with their wands; the children of the choir in furplices, the almoner in his gown,
the vicars choral in furplices, the minor canons in furplices, the apparitor of the
Dean and chapter in his gown, bearing his Staff; the proctor and actuary in their
gowns, the prebendaries in pairs, the juniors firft, in furplices and hoods, the
oommiffary of the Dean and chapter in his gown, the fenior of the three vergers,
the Prefident in his epifcopal veftments, the Dean's verger; and finally the Dean,
in his furplice. At the entrance of the choir the junior vergers Stationed them
felves, and the priefts and gentlemen forming the proceffion ranged on each fide,
while the Prefident and Dean, preceded by the vergers, paffed to the Dean's
Stall, immediately before the marble pillars on the right hand of the entrance.
When the Prefident had feated the Dean, each perfon afcended to their places.
The Prefident then audibly pronounced, " I Chriftopher, by divine permiffion
biShop of Briftol, canon residentiary of this cathedral church of St. Paul London,
and. Prefident of the chapter of the faid church, by virtue of the authority to me
committed, do induct you, the Rev. George Pretyman, biShop elect of Lincoln, D.D.
duly and lawfully elected and confirmed Dean of this church, into the real, actual,
and corporal poffeffion of the deanry of the faid church, with all and Singular its
rights, members, and appurtenances ; and do (as is the cuftom) affign to you/the
ftall in the choir, and place and voice in the chapter of this cathedral, church,
antiently due, accuftomed, and appertaining to the faid deanry, and the Deaii
thereof. The Lord keep you, coming in and going out, how and for ever 1"
The Bifhop then chanted, " O Lord fave this thy fervant !" Refponfe: " Who
putteth his truft in thee." B. " Send him help from thy holy place." R. "And
evermore mightily defend him." B. " O Lord;, hear our prayer." R. tJ And let
our cry come unto thee."
BiShop: " Oremus, Deus omnipotens, officiorum difpofitor et bonorum om
nium distributor, qui ad gubernandas ecclefias diverforum graduum dignkates
inftitui voluifti, devotis mentibus te fuppliciter exoramus ut hunc famulum tuum
Georgium Pretyman ad regimen decanatus hujus ecclefiae deputatum, protecti
on is tuss munire gratia digneris, eique Spiritus Sanctus cceleftium charifmatum
divifor affiftat, ut ficut doctor gentium Paulus inftituit, proficiant ei honoris
:augmenta ad incrementa meritorum, fit exemplum et forma juftitise a'd gubernan-
Vol. IIL C durn

14 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
dum fideliter minifterium fibi deputatum, ficque fibi commiffos regere concedas,
ut cum illis omnibus regimen promereatur seternum, per Chriftum Dominum
noffrum. Amen."
Divine fervice was then performed in the ufual manner by the choir ; after
which the proceffion recommenced to the Chapter-houfe,.. now preceded by the
Dean, followed by the reft according to feniority. When the Dean was feated
in the chapter-room, the Prefident faid, " By virtue of the authority to me com
mitted, I do affign this place in the chapter to you the Rev. George Pretyman, D.D.
as a token of your real and actual poffeflion of the Deanry."
The Dean then faid, " Ego Georgius Pretyman, epifcopus electus Lincolnienfis,
ecclefiae cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londini decanus, electus, confirmatus, et inftalla-
tus, promitto et juro ad haec fancta Dei Evangelia, per me hie infpecta, quod,
Secundum approbatum hujus ecclefia; morem, in ea refidebo ; quod jura et liber-
tates ipfius ecclefiae tuebor, quod approbatas et approbandas ecclefiae confuetudines
fervabo et obfervari faciam ; quod bona et poffeffiones ecclefiae inventa fervabo, et
alienata pro viribus revocabo. Sic me Deus adjuvet, et haec fancta Dei Evangelia!"
Afterwards the prebendaries and minor canons promifed canonical obedience
thus : " Domine Decane, promitto tibi obedientiam canonicam tanquam Decano."
The vergers and bell-ringers, " Mr. Dean, I promife canonical obedience to>
you as Dean."
The ceremony concluded with an excellent dinner, provided at the expence of
the new Dean * ; ferved in the Chapter-houfe.
St. Paul's hath had Sixty-two Deans from the Conqueft to the year 1707, parti
culars of whofe lives and preferments may be found in Newcourt's Repertorium. ,
Since when, the following Divines have prefided.
The dates of their election to the deanry I have from the Seal Book of the
chapter, and the reft from a MS. of Mr. Nichols.
Henry Godolphin, D.D. brother to Sir William Godolphin, hart, and to
Sidney Earl of Godolphin, collated to the prebend of Sneating Nov. 13, 1683-
One of the canons residentiary, and provoft of Eton college 1 700 ; appointed
Dean of St. Paul's July 14, 1707, and refigned 1726. He died Jan. 29, 1732,-3.
Fkancis Hare, D. D. of King's college Cambridge, canon residentiary of
St. Paul's and dean of Worcefter, elected Dean of St.'Paul's Oct. 26, 1726;
*-. See alfo Gent. Mag. for the ysar 1787, vol. LVII. p. 240. bjfhop

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL- is
bifhop. of St. Afaph 172.7, of Chichefter Oct. 1731 ; and died April 26,
1740. Joseph Butler, LL.D. of Oriel college, Oxford, prebendary of Rochefter,
bifhop of Briftol 1738; Dean of St. Paul's May 19, 1740 k, elected biShop of
Durham Sept. 7, 1750. Died at Bath June 16* 1.752, and was buried at
Briftol. Dr.THOMAsSECKER, of Exeter college, Oxford, rector of Houghton le Spring,
Durham; rector of Ryton, Durham, 1727; inftalled a prebendary of Durham
June 16, 1727; rector of St. James's, Weftminfter, 1733 ; confecrated bifliop of
Briftol Jan. 19, 1734-5; translated to Oxford April 1 3 , 1737; elected Dean of
St. Paul's Dec. 4, 1750; translated to Canterbury 1758; and died Aug. 3,
1768. Dr. John Hume, canon residentiary Of St. Paul's; biShop of Briftol 1758;
biShop of Oxford 1758 ; and elected Dean of St. Paul's May 24, 1758 ; tranf
iated to Salisbury 1766 ; and died June 26, 1782;
The Hon. Frederick Cornwallis, D.D. of Chrift's college, Cambridge*
feventh fon of Charles, fourth lord Cornwallis, canon of Windfor; biShop of
Lichfield and Coventry 1749 ; Dean of St. Paul's Nov. 17, 1766; archbifhop of
Canterbury 1768. Died March 19, 1783.
Thomas Newton, D.D. of Trinity college Cambridge ; rector of St. Mary-
le-bow> London; prebendary of Weftminfter ; biShop of Briftol 176 1 ; elected
Dean of St. Paul's Oct. 5, 1768 ; and died Feb. 14, 1782, aged 79.
Thomas Thurlow, D. D. brother to Edward Lord Thurlow, lord high
chancellor; mafter of the Temple ; dean of Rochefter ; bilhop of Lincoln 1779 ;
Dean of St. Paul's March 13, 1782; translated to Durham in February 1787;
and died in 179 1. • N
George Pretyman, D.D. prebendary of Weftminfter ; bifhop of Lincoln;
elected Dean Feb. 28, 1787; is the 71ft Dean in fucceffion fince the time of
William the Conqueror. The DeAn*s Residence*
1 1 believe the earlieft notice of it extant to be that by Pope Lucius, in a bull off
confirmation, now in the muniment room of the cathedral, in which the Deanry
is faid to have been built by Ralph de Langdon, Dean about 1145, ,-tith of
King Stephen. Newcourt calls him Langford. C % Ralph

16 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Ralph de Diceto probably rebuilt the houfe. The ground was given by Folior,
biihop of London. The dean conveyed this manfion, and the ground, with a
chapel annexed, to his fucceffors for ever, towards the end of the reign of
Henry the lid. As a return for the bilhop's munificence the canons ordained,
that the future deans Should- contribute 10s. per annum to the expences of his
anniverfary. The church-yard on the South Side feems to have been fubjected to fome fmall
encroachments, for the accommodation of the deans ; for the houfe is faid to be
within the precincts of the church-yard ; and John de Everdon affigned the Site
«f the Chapter-houfe about 1332, defcribing it as part of the garden belonging to
the Deanry. The ichnography of St. Paul's Shews the cloifter enelofing the
Chapter-houfe as touching the nave ^nd South tranfept.
It is not in my power, neither will it be neceffary, to attempt to trace the
dilapidations or repairs of this edifice from the above periods to the year 1649 :?
but the State it was then in cannot but be a matter of curiofity.
<c * A furvey of the manfion-houfe lately belonging to the deane of Pauley
church, made by us whofe names are hereunto fubfcribed, in the monthe of July
1649, by virtue °f a commiffion to us granted, grounded upon an acte of the
commons of England affembled in parliament, for the abolishing of deanes,
deanes and chapters, &c. &c."
The North part was 2-5 feet, 6 inches, in breadth ; and in depth, from Eaft to>
Weft, 34 feet, 9 inches; and had a cellar beneath; in the firft Story a large par
lour ; above, two rooms and a clofet, and three garrets.
A wing on the Weft fide of the garden was 48 feet by 30, containing the hall,
a parlour, a clofet, and a paffage. On the firft floor, " two faire chambers, a
clofet, and one other little roome."
A third part, next to Carter-lane, 39 feet by r9 and 9 inches-, had a cellar,
" a faire parlour," and a fmall roOm ; above them a library.
Another part of the fame manfion in Carter-lane, 83 feet by 23, confiSted of a
kitchen, a wafh-houfe, a buttery, a paffage,. and three other rooms, on the
ground-floor ; over them four chambers, and one garret.
" One other parte of the faid houfe next Carter-lane " was 54 feet by 13 ; ufed
as a Stable and gate-houfe ; over which were three rooms, and garrets above them*
Another part, on the North fide of the fquare court, 40 feet by 11, contained
two rooms, one above the other, and a Stair-cafe.
* From the original, muniment room in St. Paul's..
. , The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 17
The building on the Weft Side of the court, 55 feet by 10 and 6 inches, had
three rooms in the firft Story, and over them a gallery, with a garret.
A Sixth portion of this manfion Stood behind the above, and was ^ feet by 23.
On the ground floor a kitchen, pantry, and another room •, a chamber and fmall
room above.
The court-yard before the houfe, next to the church, was 46 feet three inches
in length, and 29 feet 6 inches in breadth.
Thepaffage leading from 'the above court into the manfion, was in length from
North to South 79 feet, and 17 feet 6 inches wide, including the gate-houfe (16
feet Square) at the North end, which had a room above, roofed with lead ; and a.
porter's lodge.
On the Eaft Side of the deanry a Square of ground, 79 feet by 76 feet 6 inches,.
ferved for a hand fome grafs plat ; and on the Weftern fide of the ball there was a
court 44 feet by 40 : thofe, and feveral yards of various Sizes, afforded fufficient
light and air to render the manfion of the Dean of St, Paul's a moft defirable
refidence. It will be found from the following memorandum who had ufurped
the place of Dr. Nicolas, fucceffor of Dean Winniff, but who was never legally
elected and inftalled till after the Restoration.
" The faid manfion-houfe, with the appurtenances, now in the occupacon of
Dr. Cornelius Burges, wee' value at the fumme of 150I. per annum." — " Not a,
Wee find by an ordinance of parliament, delivered unto us by the faid Dr. Burges,
that he is to enjoye the aforefaid manfion-houfe for and during the terme of his
life, as by the faid ordinance, bearing date the 23d daye of April 1645, ^ore
fully doth and may appeare. Richard Roche, Jofeph Hutchinfon, Benjamin
Warden, Surveyors* Exam1". Will. Webb, fup. gen."
The prefent Deanry, erected Since the destruction of the old one in 1666,,
fliall be noticed in defcribing the parifh in which it is Situated..
There are five Archd»eacons
in the diocefe of London, who are appointed by the bifliop. Their office is to
make an annual vifit in their refpective archdeaconries, to examine into and
reform any abufes that may exift in the government of the different parifhes, and
direct the repair of fuch churches as are going to decay. ' Newcourt has been fo
diffufe in the hiftory of this office, that it is impoffible for me to add. any new
particulars. Thomas Watts, archdeacon of Middlefex, gave by his will (dated Feb. ri,
1570), to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, certain tenements, " that the faid
dsan

18. CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.;
dean and chapter, and their fucceffors, yerly, after my deceafe, Shall procure*
fynd, and maynteyn from tyme to tyme, for ever, one fermon, to be made unto
the common people, within the church of St. Paul's London, by the fpace of
one hole howre, or fomewhat more> every Sondayein the mornynge throughoute the
hole yere, between fy ve and feaven of the clocke, in the fore none, from tyme to
tyme, and. yere to yere, for ever."
The dean and chapter were to provide two preachers for this purpofe, who were
to be approved of by the bifhop of London, each to preach twenty-fix fermons,
and to divide 13I. 6s. 8d. between them as their falaries. He gave 40s. per annum
to the debtors of Newgate, from the fame eftate;
I Shall name the archdeacons only from Newcourt's timei
Archdeacons of Middlesex.
William Lancafter, D.D. died 17 16-7.
Roger Altham, D.D. died 1729.
Daniel Waterland, D.D. died 174L
Fifield Allen, D.D. died 1764.
John Hotham, D.D. refigned; biShop of OSTbry 17^9 ; of Clogher 178&3
fucceeded his brother in the title of baronet 1794; died 1795.
George Jubb, D.D. 1779.
Stephen Eaton, M.A. London.
Robert Tyrwhit, D.D. died 1742.
Edward Cobden, D. D. died 1 764.
John Jortin, D.D. died 1770.
Anthony Hamilton, M.A. ; refigned 1775.
Richard Beadon3 D.D. 1775 ; biShop of Gloucefter 1789 ; of Bath and Wells
1802. William Bingham-, D.D* Essex.
Thomas Gooche, D.D. fucceffively biShop of Bristol 173 7, Norwich 1738, and
Ely 1.748 ; fucceeded his brother in the title of baronet 1751; died 1754.
Reuben Clarke, D.D. died 1746.
William- Gibfon, A.M. died 175a-.
Thomas Rutherforth, D.D. 1771.,
-Stotherd Abdy, M. A.
James Waller, D.D. died 17954
William Gretton, M. A. Cot-

CATHEDRAL OF ST.. PAUL, IS,
Colchester.
John King.
Thomas Cartwright, D.D. 1749.
Charles Mofs, D. D. biShop of St. David's 1766, and of Bath and Wells 1774 ;
died 1802.
William Samuel Powell, D.D. died 1775.
Anthony Hamilton, D. D. St. Alban's.
Philip Stubbe, died 1738.
John Cole, M.A. died 1754.
James Ibbetfon, D. D.
Jofeph Holden Pott, M. A.. The Precentor.
His duty is, to fuperintend the mufical department, and regulate the whole pro
ceedings of the fingers and children of the choir, whofe powers and. Skill are fo con
ducive to the Solemnity of the cathedral fervice. Dr, Hamilton fills the office at
prefent, but generally deputes the execution of the fame to the fub-dean for the
time being.
The Treasurer..
"' Richard de Bemmells (fire de Belmeis) biShop of London founded the office
of Treafurer in St. Paul's church temp. Henry II. and appointed one Godefridus
to it ; and gave to the faid treafurer Godefridus and his fucceffors the churches
of Brent Pelham and Pelham Furneaux, in Hertfordshire; with the church of
Southmihfter, in Effex, and two hides at Mayland in that county. " Item,
ecclie in villis deHadley etde Aldbury."
This donation was ratified by the dean and chapter, and confirmed by King
Henry II.
The prefent Treafurer is Dr. Bell.
Under him is the Sacrist ; and under the Sacrift, three fervants, or Vergers
of the church.
Nominatio Sacrifte.ad decanum et capitulum pertinet^ praefentatio ad thefau-
rarium *...
The Chancellor,
or keeper of the feats of the churchy as fecretary of the dean and chapter ; at
prefent Mr. Richardfon.
* Goodman's Reg. fol. 223, anno 1447; MS. in the muniment room. Aad fee Dugdale's Hiftory
of St. Paul's, p. 10.
Tie-

"SO CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The Prebendartes.
have already been Shewn to be the grand council, four of whom are deputies or
dean and three refidentiaries, who watch over the State' of the church in every
point of view, and tranfact the bufinefs of the chapter.
All the thirty prebendal Stalls of St. Paul-s are in the collation of the bifhop of
London. Their arrangement in the choir, and the infcriptions over each, have
been fo often printed, that a repetition is unneceffary.
One of the antient regifters belonging to the dean and chapter contains
" Vetus Rentale prebende ecclefie Sancti Pauli in Holborn ;" a hw items from
which will give an idea of the rental of other Stalls.
Of land. called Hoggynde held by Henry Doky . . .xxiid. — Of land oppofite
held by HugoWylly . . . vs. — Of one acre, which is called Swynacre, held by John
Morne, xiid. Of the houfe of John Podyngton, in Portepoole, iid. Of the
tenement in Portepoole which is held by William de Merfeye, chaplain, iiis. Of
John Ewer, for his tenement in Portepoole, vs. — Of the tenement of Robert de
Chykwell, near the gate of the bars, xxi d.— Of land and vines of Sir John Grey,
the half of iis. id. for the gate, ii d. — Of the tenement of the bifhop of Ely xxiis.
ivd. — Of the fame biShop, for lands and vines which is held by the biShop of
Chefter, the half of 1 1 s. i d. — &c. &c.
This was the rental of mafter Henry de Idefworth, who held the prebend of
Holborn about 1332, amounting to 4I. 5 s. 2d.
The following gentlemen are the prefent prebendaries :
Samuel GlaSTe, D.D. Oxgate. Thomas Parkinfon, D: D. Chifwick.
Robert Watts, M. A. Eald-ftreet. Charles William Carwardine, B.A.
 :  Hume, M. A. Cadington Sneating.
Minor. Gerrard Andrewes, M. A. Hoxton.
Robert Lowth, M.A. Ealdland. Thomas Hollingbury,D.D.Rugmere.
Eaft Apthorp, D.D. Finfbury.  — Gibfon, Chamberlains-wood.
Thomas Winftanley, D.D. Cading- Thomas Rennell, D.D. Harlefton.
ton Major., Luke Heflop, B. D. Holborn.
Thomas Willis, D.D. Tottenhall. SamuelRyderWefton,D.D.Weidland.
Anthony Hamilton, D.D. Cantlers. Robert Nares, M.A. Islington.
 Briggs, M. A. Newington. John Sttirges, M. A. Willefdon.
William Paley, D. D. Pancras. F.J.H.Wollafton, B.D. Reculverfland.
Robert Porteus, M. A. Mora. H. W. lord bilhop of Chefter, Nefden.
¦  'Eyre, M.A. MapeSbury. Georgelord bifhop ofLincoln, Portpool.
John Sturges, LL. D. Brownfwood. Charles Mofs, D.D. Confumpta per
Samuel Parr, LL.D.Wenlocks-barn. Mare.
—  Baldwin, Broomfbury. Henry Meen, B. D. Twyford.

Re-

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. t\
y
Residentiary fince 1700.
1707, Aug. 16, Francis Hare, M.A. prebendary of Portpool.
1727-8, March 9, Samuel Baker, M. A. prebendary of Brownfvvood.
1 73 1, Nov. 18, George Lavington, LL. B. prebendary of Weldland.
1732,, Feb. 12, Robert Tyrwhit, S. T. P. prebendary of KentiSh Town.
1740, May 26, the Right Rev. Jofeph Butler, biShop of Briftol.
1742, June 24, John Thomas, D.D. per mort. Dr. Tyrwhit.
1748, Aprili, John Hume, D.D. prebendary of Weldland, vice the biShop
of Exeter.
 Nov. 2,9, James Johnfon, D. D. Confumpt. per Mare, vice the bifhop
of Peterborough. 1749, Oct. 12, Richard Terrick, D. D. Ealdgate, vice Samuel Baker, D.D.
1750, Nov. 29, Thomas Seeker, biShop of Oxford, Portpool, vice Jofeph
biShop of Briftol.
1754, April 10, Philip Yonge, D.D. Confumpt. per. Mare, vice the biShop
of Gloucefter.
1757, July 13, John Taylor, LL.D. Ealdland, vice the biShop of Peter
borough, promoted.
1758, July 5, Chriftopher Wilfon, D.D- FinSbury, vice Thomas, archbiShop
of Canterbury. '
1 761, Dec. 5, Thomas Newton, D.D. Portpool, vice Dr. Yonge, bifhop of
Norwich. 1766, April 12, George Seeker, D.D- Willefdon, per mort. John Tay
lor, LL. D.
1766, Nov. 14, Frederick Cornwallis, biShop of Litchfield and Coventry,
Weldland, vice biShop of Oxford, promoted.
1768, April 23, Hon. and Rev. Shute Barrington, LL. D. Confumpt. per mare,
per mort. George Seeker, D. D.
— — Oct. 27, John Egerton, D.D. bifhop of Bangor, Weldland, vice Fre
derick- archbifhop of .Canterbury.
1 77 1, Aug. 1, John Green, lord biShop of Lincoln, Weldland, vice John
biShop of Durham.
1774, Nov. 29, John Douglas, D.D. Confumpt. per Mare, vice Shute lord
biShop of Landaff.
Vol. III. D I779>

2S CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL..
1779, June 3, John Jeffreys, D.D. Weldland,. per. mort. the lord bifhop of;
Lincoln. 1782, March 9, Thomas Thurlow, lord bifhop ofiLineola, , Portpool, pecmort..
Thomas lord biShop of Briftol.
1787, Feb. 22, George Pretyman, D.D. (now lord; biShop of Lincoln, andi
dean of .St. Paul's), Portpool, vice Thomas lord bifhop of Durham.
1788, March 22, Richard Farmer, D.D. Confumpt. per.Mare, vice John lord;
biShop of Carlifle.
1792, May 10, Thomas Jackfon^ D.D. Neafdon, vice Chriftopher lord bifhop*
of Bristol.
1797, Nov. 25,. Charles Mofs, D. D.
1798, Jan. 19, Henry William Majendie, D. D. (now lordbifhop^ of Chefter).-
 Dec. li, Samuel Ryder Wefton, B. D.
Minor. Canons.-
The Minor Carions are twelve deacons, or priefts, whofe' characters for morality
and Skill in chanting muft be well established before they can attain to a Stair.
Oh a vacancy the Minor Canons elect two perfons, and nominate them to the- dean
and chapter, who muft choofe one ; and the perfon fo chofen is admitted to a.
year's probation. During that period he has no voice in the corporation, nor any
fhare of fines for leafes. If his conduct is approved of, the dean inftitutes ;; and .
on a mandate from the dean he is inftalled. .
The Vicars
are inferior in degree to the minor canons*. They both have lands belonging to •-
them refpectively (jure ecclejia). The minor canons let thofe belonging to their
.corporation by. their common feal;, the Vicars cannot, let any but by, the dean and.
chapter's concurrence under feal.
The. inheritance of. " the College' of Petty Canons,'v as they were originally
termed, was, before their incorporation, 4n the dean and chapter ;„ and. they had
their lodgings affigned to them by that body.
In the 1 8th year of king Richard II. they received a charter, of' incorporation ;
and with it. feveral valuable additions, to their endowments; the King declared'
* There are fix vicars choral. himfelf:

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 23
himfelf to be patron and founder of the College, and as fuch appointed John de
, Lynton firft warden.
Many years paft, a difagreement existed between the wardens and fellows of the
college and the then clean and chapter ; upon which occafion the former petitioned
.Sir John Puckeringe, lord keeper of the great feal, for redrefs. This Statement
¦of their grievances is ftill preferved in the Harl. MS. N3 6853, where they fpeak
of themfelves "as an antient corporation, having their lands and tenements to
-them appropriate, of the gift and grant of their founders and benefactors, and
confirmed unto them by the charters of the kings and princes of this realm ; and
.alfo by the fometime Arundel archbifhop of Canterbury, and Braybrook biShop
of London, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, and the Pope, and finally by the
King, Charles, in the 8th year of his reign."
The .dean and chapter appoint a minor canon to the office of Subdean, who
-officiates at the altar for the dean in his abfence. By an instrument, dated 1295,
a larger allowance than the other minor canons, and the vicarage of St. Giles's
without Cripplegate, is fettled upon him.
Two others are elected Cardinals; who weekly, or at leaft monthly, teach the
catechifm to the choristers ; and once a year " deliver a note to the dean of thofe
who do not profit, or who are negligent or Stubborn *." They alfo vifit the Sick,
Jbury the dead, and .take notice of the attendancies of the members of the church.
The Sub-chanter is appointed by the Precentor. He Superintends the mufical
-arrangements in the choir.
In the time of Queen Elizabeth, and about 1597, prayers were read. at five in
the morning in the fummer, and at fix in the winter, in Jefus chapel, by all the
minor canons in turn, except the Subdean and Cardinals of the -choir. Thefe
(prayers are now read in the oratory, oppofite the confiftory court, at fix in the
.morning in fummer, and at feven in the winter ~\-.
At the vifitation of Richard Vaughan, bifhop of London, 1605, all the
.Minor Canons, and efpecially the Sub-dean and two Cardinals, were ordered to
be at morning prayer between five and fix o'clock, in Jefus chapel.
Stephen Bing and Henry Smith were admitted probationers by the dean' and
-chapter in the year 1640, the 9th and twelfth Stalls being then vacant. At the
.clofe of their probation they were approved of by two refidentiaries, 1641 ; but
.had no inveftiture from the dean and chapter under their feal ; yet they were ad-
* MS. in the muniment room, St. Paul's. t Ib'd-
D 2 mitted

ti CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
mitted into the college by the warden and fellows ; foon after this period, and till
the Reftoration, dean, chapter, prebendaries, canons, and college, were abolifhed,
and minifter Burges held fovereign fway over the church.
In 1 66 1 the corporation was reftored to power, and the above gentlemen were
canonically invested in other Stalls, as fub-dean and fenior cardinal, by collations
under the common feal ; but at that time there were no warden a.id; petty canons
to elect and admit them. From this Singular circumftance thofe two priefts ap
pear to have had the approbation of tl?e dean and chapter and the warden and
fellows, and yet they were certainly not legal poffeffors of their places *.
At the Reftoration only three perfons were found in the office of minor canons :
the Situation of two is defcribed above ; the third, a Mr. Nightingale, was only
in deacon's orders, consequently not eligible to a Stall. Thus circumstanced,
Nightingale and Smith elected Bing warden; and he acted as fuch till the year of
probation for other collations had elapfed.
Such were the effects of civil- distention, equally ruinous to their endowments;
for they were obliged to fet apart one third of their fines on the renewal of leafes,
&c. as a fund to extricate them from their difficulties.
Auguft 2, 1353, Robert of Kingfton, minor canon and cardinal of St. Paul's
with the confent, and under the feal of the dean and chapter, exchanged his
houfes and manfion, with the appurtenances, Situated between-the chapter-houfe
and the rectorial houfe of St. Gregory, on the South Side of the church, with
William of Ravenfton, almoner of the fame, for his hall and manfion (from
whence the alms of the church were distributed) with the appurtenances, Situated
on the North fide of St. Paul's, near Pardon church wall. Sir Robert of King
fton, after this exchange, obtained the affent of the dean and chapter ; and, from
brotherly affection, granted the hall and houfes to the minor canons adjoining a
new common dining-hall then erecting. The dean and chapter gave them a free
paffage through the gate and entry between the houfes of Sir Robert and Sir John
de Ware, and of William of Curling, to the Eaft; and through the gate and entry
between thofe of Sir John of Litlington, and of Richard Borham, minor canons,
to the Weft. We muft fuppofe them to have refided in the lodgings in the vici
nity of their hall, and to have "affernbled in it to dine (for feveral centuries) ; for
I have feen no account of their proceedings till the clofe of the reign of Queen
* MS. St. Paul's. Elizabeth,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 25
Elizabeth, when none of the canons refided in their houfes except the fub-dean,
but they met in the hall to dine.
A deSk flood in the room. To this a Bible in the EngliSh language was chained,
and from it the Steward vociferated a chapter, while the minor canons enjoyed
their meal, to their infinite edification, no doubt, if fome of the prefentments of
that period to the bifhop may be relied on.
When the canons or vicars offended againft the rules of the choir by being ab-
fent during divine fervice," making their appearance after its commencement, or
leaving the church, their names were entered in a volume entitled the Perdition
book, a fine was levied, and the money carried every quarter to the ufe of the
commons. Tlie hall belonging to this corporation had become extremely ruinous by 1662 ;
the lire of 1666 deftroyed it; and it was never rebuilt.
It gives me infinite plcafure to add, from irrefragable evidence, that the zeal,
piety, learning, and good morals, of the prefent college, as far furpafs that of the
period above mentioned as virtue can depravity ; and Shew the prefent clergy in a
moft amiable point of view.
The firft " voyd portion" was the gift of William and JohnEverdon, and John
Belmine, with the office of fub-dean annexed *.
The fecond and third were the gifts of Walter Neale and Alice his wife, Ni
cholas Farnedom, and William Niell, and belong to the offices of the two
cardinals. The fourth was founded by Geoffrey Edmunds and Nicholas Cannon.
" The fifth founded Allen Hotham " 
The fixt'h by Fulk and Philip Baffet and Nicholas Hufband.
The feventh by Alan Hotham and John de St. Marychurch.
The eighth by Stephen and Richard Gravefend.
The ninth by Hamond Rigwell and Alexander Swerford.
The tenth by Richard Foliot and Richard Gloucefter.
The eleventh by Richard Newport.
And the twelfth by Robert and John- Chifh ull.
Maffes were the return for lands and tenements thus bellowed.
The Stalls pay firft fruits and tenths.
* Records of St. Paul's.
Many

m "CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Many eminent men having commenced theipecclefiaftical career .as- minor carton
of St. Paul's cathedral, the following extracts may, be. ufeful, as they Shew the ad-
miffion of each member; moft of whom were admitted in full twelve months after
the year attached to their names, as, will appear by the chapter feal book.
1597, AmbrofeGolding.
.1603, James Barkefted, warden.
Henry Andrews.
, Ambrofe Golding.
William Maycock, junior cardinal.
William Williams.
John Pretibone.
Henry .Fletcher.
Thomas Langley,
Thomas Atkinfon.
Anthony Jfowghton.
Xeonard Walker.
Matthew Roydon.
16 10, John Pretjbone.
Thomas Lugge.
Roger Nightingale.
1613, ")
,- 7 John Wibrow,
i6i7,JJ *
1 6 13, Thomas Oldfield.
1616, Luke Jones.
1 61 9, Thomas Maycock.
1623, Matthew Roydon.
1629, Nathaniel Pownafl.
,1631, Rowland Jennings, fub-dean j died between .1650 and i66l
John Thurgood, fenior cardinal.
Thomas Maycock, junior cardinal.
Roger Nightingal, fifth minor prebend; ob. .Nov. 2.5, i66x.
164.x, John TownShend.
1 66 1, July 1, fettled by the dean and chapter at the Reftoration.
Henry Smith, fub-dean; died June 3, 1689.
Stephen Bing, fenior cardinal ; died 1681. Randolph

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 27
Randolph Jewett, junior cardinal ; died July 4, 1675.
Charles Webb, fourth minor prebend ; died Aug. 12, 1671.;
Richard Rice, Sixth minor prebend ; died Dec. 22, 1674.
Peter Warner, feventh minor prebend ; died July &, 1670.
Simon Ives, eighth minor prebend ; died July 1, 1662.
Thomas Quatremain, ninth minor prebend ; died Dec. zr, rGy^
James Clifford, tenth minor prebend; 1675, Sixth minor .pre
bend ; 1682, fenior cardinal.
William Portington, eleventh minor prebend; died Aug: 3^.
1665. Laurence Fifher, twelfth minor prebend ; died March.. 2^,.
1 67 1-2.
1663, Jofeph Matters, eighth minor prebend ; 1683, junior cardinal ;¦ died-
A'priri9, 1699.
1669, Richard Tyfon, ninth minor prebend ; died.:
1681-2, John.Goftling, twelfth minor prebend"; 1689, fub-dean ;: died 1733.
1682-3, John Rayner, fixth minor prebend.
1686-7, Samuel. Hutton, eighth minor prebend; twelfth minor prebend,
1689-90; refigned Feb. 6, 1698.
Thomas Linacre, eleventh minor prebend; refigned Nov. 2, 1704:
Charles Green,, fourth minor prebend ; 1699, junior cardinal; died
April 7 703;
Ifaac Goftling, feventh minor prebend."
William1 Standifh, ninth minor prebend.' .
John Dowfing, tenth minor prebend.
1689-90, Samuel Bentham, eighth minor prebend ; died Feb. 1729,
169 1-2, Simon D'Evereux, feventh minor prebend ; refigned 1698.
1692,- Sampfon-Eftwicke, B. D. fixth minor prebend.;
1693, William Battle,, fifth minor prebend ;- refigned.
1-697, Charles 'Barnes, tenth minor prebend ; 17 10 fenior cardinal.
1698, William WaShbourne, M\ A; tenth minor -prebend; 1703, junior car
dinal and fub-chanter ; 1733, fub-dean, but refigned fub-chanterfhip ; died.
m7- 1.698,. Henry Goftling, fifth minor -prebend ; 1700, fourth minorprebend.
Henry Jackfonj twelfth minor prebend ; died Oct. 27, 1727* '7P7

2% CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
1701, Edward de Chair, ninth minor prebend ; i7i7> gofpeller; 1730, fenior
cardinal; died 1737.
1705, Grent Jones, eleventh minor prebend.
1706, John Hufband, eleventh minor prebend; 1733, junior cardinal; re
figned 1734.
1708, George Carleton, M. A. tenth minor prebend ; 1717, epiftolar.
1720, John Willis, fourth minor prebend.
1713, Benjamin Goodwin, fourth minor prebend ; refigned Aug. 23, 1723.
1716, Thomas Baker, M.A. feventh minor prebend; 1734, fub-chanter;
1736, fixth Stall.
17 17, Charles King, fifth minor prebend ; refigned at Chriftmas 1730.
1723, William Reyner, fourth minor prebend; 1727, twelfth minor prebend ;
1737, fub-dean; died March 10, 1764.
1728, William Warneford, LL. B. fourth minor prebend, and epiftolar; re
figned 1733.
 Chriftopher Morrifon, M. A. tenth minor prebend ; 1729, eighth minor
prebend; 1730, facrift ; refigned March 26, 1739.
 Nov. 4, Francis Cooke, B.A. tenth minor prebend; 1730, ninth minor
prebend, and librarian ; died July 12, 1765.
 Thomas Hillman, M. A. tenth minor prebend ; 1 731, gofpeller; 1737,
junior cardinal; 1755; fub-chanter; died Sept. 19, 1765.
 John Abbott, fifth minor prebend.
1 733 » Edward Lloyd, eleventh minor prebend ; 1737, twelfth minor prebend ;
1745, fixth minor prebend, and fub-chanter; died Dec. 9, 1755.
1734, William Pottell, fourth minor prebend, and epiftolar.
1737, William Pinckney, B.A. eleventh minor prebend; 1764, fub-dean
and fub-chanter, on the refignation of Thomas Hillman ; died Dec. 29, 1775.
 Benjamin Pearce, A.M. tenth minor prebend ; 1739, feventh minor
prebend, and facrift; 1764, twelfth minor prebend; 1767, junior cardinal;
died Jan. 20, 1771.
l739> Henry Evans, M.A. eighth minor prebend; refigned at Chriftmas
1752; died Aug. 22, 1793, aged 80.
 Henry Boughton, M. A. tenth minor prebend.
1740, William Warneford, LL. B. fecond admiffion, tenth minor prebend;
refigned again ; died 1760. 1740,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.. 29
1740, Mayo Tims, fourth minor prebend, and epiftolar.
J744> Anfelm Bailey, A. B. fourth mjnor prebend ; 1745, twelfth minor pre
bend ; refigned Nov. 22, 1764; died 1794.
 William Fitzherbert, M.A. fifth minor prebend ; 1745, fourth minor
prebend, and epiftolar; died Oct. 2, 1797.
1746, Mofes Wight, M. A. fifth minor prebend ; 1756, fixth minor prebend ;
died Jam 5, 1795.
1749, Benjamin Mence, B. A. junior cardinal ; refigned May 1 767.
1759, John Gibbons, M.A. eighth Stall; 1767, twelfth Stall, and facrift;
1771, fenior cardinal ; died 1783.
1760, William Tafwell, B. A. fifth minor prebend ; refigned Dec. 1764.
1760, Weldon Champneys, B.A. tenth minor prebend ; 1776, junior cardi
nal; 1783, fenior cardinal ; 1797, fub-dean.
 Dec. 19, Henry Waring, M.A. eleventh minor prebend; ninth minor
prebend, and librarian ; refigned 1787; died 1795.
1766, Jan. 14, William Hayes, M.A. feventh minor prebend; 1766, eleventh
minor prebend ; 1783, junior cardinal; died Oct. 22, 179a.
 Thomas Champnes, B.A. fifth minor prebend; 1766, fourth minor
prebend; died May 1782.
1766, Nov. 11, Bladen Downing, B.A. feventh minor prebend; refigned" 1 771.
¦  ~ — ¦¦ — — John Moore, B.A. fifth minor prebend ; 1783, twelfth minor
prebend, and facrift.
1767, William Clarke, B.A. eighth minor prebend; 1783, junior cardinal}
1797, fenior cardinal.
1 771, May 19, John Gibbons, juri. M.A. ninth minor prebend ; died June 27,
1797- — ¦¦  = — ¦¦  John Horner, M. A. feventh minor prebend ; refigned on being
elected mafter of Lincoln college, Oxford.
1776, Thomas Pearce, M. A. tenth minor prebend ; 1795, fixth minor prebend.
1782, John Pridden, B.A. fourth minor prebend, and epiftolar; 1803, fixth
minor prebend.
1783, Thomas Bennett, M.A. fifth minor prebend.
 Henry Ely, M.A. feventh minor prebend; 1784, eleventh minor prebend;
1797, junior cardinal.
1785, ....Morgan, M.A. feventh minor prebend; refigned 1786, before
full admiffion.
1786, .... Rpbeffon, M. A, feventh minor prebend ; died before full admiffion.
Vol. III. E 1788,

SO CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,
1788, Hugh Cox, A. B. feventh minor prebend ; refigned Jan. 5, 1795;.
179 1, James Salt, M.A. eighth minor prebend.
1795, William Clarke, jun. M. A., feventh minor prebend ; 1797, ninth minor
prebend, and librarian.
 William Holmes, M. A. tenth minor prebend.
1797, Edward- James Beckwith, M. A. eleventh minor prebend.
 George Hickes, M.A. feventh minor prebend ; refigned at Chriftmas 1798-.
1799, Richard Webb, M.A. feventh minor prebend.
Cuthbert Tonftall, biShop of London, for the reafons given vol. I. p. 25, was
commanded by Henry VIII. to levy a tax on the clergy of his diocefe. The
enfuing particulars,, tranfiated from the original manufcript, will give the value
of the different benefices in the cathedral of St.. Paul at that period, aud the.
amount of the fines on each*
The first Sitting-.
Cathedral Church of St. Paul.
£.- s. do.
Mr. Thomas Sewell, penitentiary, benefice 661. goods 60I. fined - 16 iq o.
Names of the Minor. Canons.
Mr. Robert AShlyn, fub-dean, benefice 36I. goods 53I. fined - - 9 o os
Sir John Palmer, chantry and benefice 1 81. 6s. 8d. good's. 15I. fined 4 11 $
Sir Edward Gamlyn, benefice aol. goods iol. fined - - -50a
Sir Richard Turner, Stall 1 7I. 4s. 8d. goods 3]. fined - - -460
Sir William Bele, Stall 17I. us. 8d. goods 7I. 13s. 4d. fined - - 4 6 o
Sir George Home, Stall 17I. 1 is. 8d. goods 4I. 13s. 4d. fined - - 4 8-0
Sir Brian Cafe, Stall 16 1. goods nulla, fined. - - - - 4 o o>
Sir John Browne, Stall 14I. 4s. 8d. goods 4I. fined - - - 3 10 o
Sir William Graye, Stall 16I. goods, 12I. fined - -.. - - 4 12 o
Sir Thomas Hickman, official ail. goods 19I. fined - - - 5. 5 q,
The Chantry Priest of the Duke of Lancaster.
Sir Richard Lytmey, chantry 81. goods 30I. 13s. 4d. fined - -30a
The Chantry Priests of Holmes College-
Sir Robert Langton, chantry 7I, 3s. 4d. goods aol. fined - - - a o o
Sir

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 31
Sir Richard Neale, chantry 7I. ,3s. 4d. goods 24I. fined - - -280
Sir Thomas Cocky n, chantry 7I. 3s. 4d. goods 12I. ios. fined - - 1 16 8
The Chantry Priests of St. Peter's College.
Sir John Mylborne, falary 61. 13s. 4d. goods iol. fined
Sir William Barrett, chantry 81. goods 81. fined -
Sir John Orton, chantry 81. goods 79I. 15s. 4d. fined
Sir Henry Waterals Walter, chantry nl. goods iol. fined
Mr. John Surdyvall, benefice 2 il. 1 6s. 8d. goods 5 2I. fined -
Sir John Andrewe, cantar in officio ail. 3s. 4d. goods 30I. 16s. 8d.
fined - - -•- - - - - ' - , ' -
Sir Robert Hopwood, chantry with penfion iol. goods 28I. 8s. fined
Sir Edward Swifte, chantry 81. 6s. 8d. goods 22I. 13s. 4d. fined -
'Sir John Clarke, falary 7I. goods 81. 12s. fined -
:Sir James Penylace, chantry 81. goods 20L -
Sir Thomas Draper, chantry and benefice 14I. goods iol. fined -
Sir John Pole,, chantry 81. goods iol. fined -
Sir John Rogers, chantry 7I. goods 61. fined -
Sir William Bullocke, chantry and benefice 9L 5s. 4d. goods ial.
fined - _______
Sir Thomas Southe, chantry 61. goods 3 ol. fined
Sir William Swadell, chantry with provifions iol. goods 13I. 6s. 3d.
fined ___--------
Mr. John Baffe Singer, chantry with provisions 20.I. iqs. goods 55I.
Sir Thomas Shele, chantry 7I. 6s. 8d. goods 20I. fined
Sir David Owen, chantry 81. 6s. 8d. goods 24I. fined - .
Sir John Davy d, chantry 81. goods 9I. 3s. fined
Sir Thomas Wales, ferving, 81. goods iol. fined
Capellans extra Collegia.
Mr. Robert Teller, -chantry 1 2I. -6s. 8d. goods il. fined - -.300
Sir Rohert Savage, chantry 61. 6s. 8d. goods iol. fined - - 1 12 o
Sir Richard Caterall, chantry with penfion 14I. 6s. 8d. goods 81. as. 6d.
£ned ------ ----3100
Mr. John Hydde, holding no benefice, goods 49I. ios. 9d.ob. fined 4. 18 o
Ea The

I

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4

I

12

0

8

0

0

2

15

0

10

5

0

5

5

0

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16

0

2

5

0

1

10

0

2

0

0

3

10

0

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IO

0

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6

8

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2

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H CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The Church of St. Faith.
Sir Richard Syll, falary 61. 13s. 4d. goods 81. fined - - 1 6 I
The. Church of St. Gregory.
Sir Thomas Crafke, curate, 61. 13s. 4d. goods 13I. 6s. 8d. fined - a o ot
Archdeacon of London, and matter of the hofpital of St. Thomas of
Aeon, London, archdeaconry ail. for the fame by the king's letters 100 o o
Hofpital 242I. (no- good's)., pays for the fame, by the king's letters,,. 40 00
Mr. Thomas Bennett, treafurer of the cathedral church of St. Paul,
lands and poffeffions, 83I. 1 3s. 4d. goods 200I. by the king's letters, 40 o. o
Mr. William Harington,. prebendary 861. 13s. 4d„ goods, deduct
ing debts, 20I. pays, by the king's letters, - - - - 150 o o.
Mr. John Dowman, prebendary, prebend al. 6s. 8d. goods 400I.
pays, by the king's letters, - - - - - - 10:0 o o.
Mr. Polydore Vergil, prebendary, prebend 4I. 13s. 4d. goods, de
ducting debts, 50I. as. 8d. pays, by the king's letters, - - - 100 o ot
Mr. John Wethers, prebendary, prebend 13I. 6s. 8d. by the king's
letters, -----_____ 2,00 o a
Mr. Nicholas Curlews, benefices in London, 1 81. benefices in Ca-
lifie aol. goods 40I. preter 40I. fol dno regi, fined, by the king's
letters, -¦ - - - — 40 a cr
Mr. John Smyth, prebendary, his prebend and lands, with refidence,
Sec. 881. 8s. 8d. goods 1701. 15s. 2d. pays the lord king, by his letters, 40. o, 0:
Mr. Peter, Cornielaus, prebendary, prebend 5I. 6s. 8d. pays, by the
king's letters, ---_.__._._._.
Mafter Richard Rawlyns, prebendary, prebend 5I. 6s. 8d. pays,.
by the king's letters, ---__.---
Cuthbert, biShop of London^ by the king's letters, - - - 10.0.. o o
Mr. Richard Pace, dean, -
Mr. Thomas Bennett, treafurer, fup. int. exempt*
Mr. John Edmunde Chancellor, value of his office, 241. goods
ao marks, - - _ _ _ _ _ -6 o q
Mr. William Horfey, precentor, his office 40I. prebend 34I. fined 18 5 o
Sir

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 33
Sir John Yonge, epifcbpus Calipolen. archdeacon of London,-
Archdeaconry, 21I. fup. int: exempt.
Mr. John Clarke, archdeacon of Colchefter, -- , --
Mr. Richard Rawfon^ archdeacon of Effex, fup. int. exempt.
Mr. Richard Eden, archdeacon of Middlefex, fup. int. exempt.
Mr. Thomas Hulfe, . prebendary of the prebend of Broundefwoode,
prebend' 61. 13s. 4d. fined - - — - — - - 1 13 4
Mn John Salvage, prebendary of Cadyngton Major, prebend
X31. 6s. 8d. - - - - - - - - - - 3 6 8
Mr.. William. Wareham, prebendary of Newyngton, prebend 20I.
fined -:_ — - _ _ _ _ -500
Mr. John Smyth, prebendary of HarleSton, fup. int. exempt.
Mr. William Kempe, prebendary of Kenfyngton, prebend 261. 16s. 4d:
fined - — — — - - - - - - 6 13, 4
Mr. Richard Dudley, prebendary Confumpte per mare, prebend 4I.
fined - - - - - - - - - - -too
Mr. John Withers, prebendary of Mapefburye, prebend 13I. 6s. 8d*
fup. int. exempt.
Mr. William Knighte, prebendary of Chamberlenwoode, prebend1
5I. 16s. 8d. fined - - - - - - - -192
Mr. WilliamTHorfey, prebendary of Totenhall, prebend 34L See
above for the office of precentor.
Mr. Peter Carmelians, prebendary of Kaldelonde, fup. int. exempt;
Mr. William Harrington, prebendary of Islington, fup. int. exempt.
Mr. Thomas Bele, fiden. epifcopus, prebendary of Hoxton, pre
bend 61. 13s. 4d. fined - - - - - - - - 1 10 4
Mr* Edward^Sharnebrooke, prebendary of Wenlafcefbarne, prebend
! 131. 6s. 8d. fined ------ - - 3 6 9-
,Mr. John Dowman, prebendary of Twyford, prebend ih 6s. 8d..
goods 400I. fup. int. exempt.
Mr. John Bulgyn, prebendary of . Holborn e, for the. fame with his
church of Coggefhalls
Mr. Thomas Benet, prebendary of "Rugemerej fup. int. exempt.
Mr. John Afh well, prebendary of Ealdeftrete, for the fame with his
college of Halfte.de.
Mr*

34

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,

Mr. Richard Rawlyns, prebendary of Wyllefdon, 5I. 6s. 8d. int.
exempt. Mr. Richard Sampfon, prebendary of Chefewyke.
Mr. John Incent, prebendary of Wyeldlond, prebend 5I. 6s. 8d_
£j ____-i68
ned -------
Mr. Richard Pace, prebendary of Fynnefbery.
Mr. John Palgrave, prebendary of Portepoole, prebend 4I. alibi bene-
ficiatus - - - - - - " ~ - - I Q o
Mr. John Adams, prebendary of Mora, fined for the fame with the
church of St. Sepulchre.
Mr. Hugh Saunders, prebendary of Broundefbury, prebend, &c.
benefices within London, 40I. 13s. 4d. goods 1 ooi. fined - - 10 1 8
Mr. Roger Norton, prebendary of RaculveSlonde, prebend 61. 13s. 4d.
fined - - -,-
Mr. Polydore Vergil, prebendary of Oxgate, fup. int. exempt.
Mr. John Treguran, prebendary of Cadington Minor, prebend
5I. 6s. 8d. -
Mr. Thomas Sewell, prebendary of St. Pancras, taxed for the fame
with the office of penitentiary.
Mr. Rowland Phillipps, prebendary of Neafdon, for the fame with
his church of St. Michael Cornhjll.
Mr. Thomas Brerewood, prebendaryof Sneatynge, prebend 61. 13s. 4d.
fined - -------- 1 13 4

1 13 4

1 6 8

Valor Epifcopalus.

Com.

Aichediaconat*.

Diget. preb.

cn' 5
° 5
L

X0
VI

00. 5'
VI

Capella
Cantar. bb.

Valor.
Decanal:'. £. s.d.
CCX XII I

Decim» Cleri.

London.
£. s. d.
M.DXIX VIII III

London.
Middlefex.
Effex. Herts.
Buck.

£. s. d.
XXIII XIII IIII
LX  
LII — 
Colchefter, 50/.
St. Alban's nihil.

XXXIIII

CCCLXVI

0 £¦
VIIIXX s. d.
XVI 1

Royal

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL, 25
, Royal Charters and Grants.
The enfuing acts of our antient Monarchs, contributing to exalt the confe-
quence of this venerable foundation, ftill exift in the muniment room.
But Sir William Dugdale had it in his power to give copies of many others ;
which, as they precede thofe now at St. Paul's, Should be mentioned firft.
They are : "Pope Gregory's letter to abbot Mellitus,, commanding the destruc
tion of idols in England, and the worfhip of the true God.
King Ethelbert, infpired by God, and for his foul's health, gave to the church
of St. 'Paul the manor of Tillingham.
Confirmatio donationum ecclefiae S. Pauli per Agathonem Romanum-pontifi-
cem, cum licentia eligendi epifcopum.
King Athelftan, for expiation of his fins, and in honour of the name of our
Lord and St. Paul, &c. &c. granted the lands of Sandon, Rode, Ardleage, Luffen-
hale, Bylcham, Wicham, Tidwoldintune, Rumwelle, Eadulfefneffe, Draitune,
Berne, Neofduns, and Willefdone.
Another from the fame monarch, and a third beftowing the manor of Naftoke.
Queen Egelfleda, confortto king Edgar, gave lands at Lagefare and Cochamftede.
And king Ethelred, father of holy king Edward, confirmed the gift. A char
ter of confirmation bv kins; Ethelred.
Canute, king of the Danes and English, granted two charters, of confirmation
of the lands, privileges, &c. of the church.
King Edward the Confeffor granted, to the laud of the Eternal King, and to the
honour of St. Paul, lands at Berlings and Cingeforde ; and one other charter *.
The firft royal grant to St. Paul's, after the Cpnqueft, is that from William of
Normandy, who gives certain privileges to the .rectors and fervants. This was
followed by one Similar from William Rufus, which is now in the church. And
king Stephen granted that the church Should hold its lands free.
King John granted the dean and chapter a charter.
Henry I. gave to the church of St. Paul, and the biShop of London, all the;
fiSh taken within their estates, ling excepted.
This monarch granted the church three Several charters of confirmation , and a
more fubftantial proof of kindnefs, by giving the dean and chapter a releafe of the
tax on 24 hydes of land, which was equivalent to a tract that would require one
plough 24 years to turn for fowing. * Hiflory of St. Paul's,

3<j CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
1 189, June 28. Henry II. iffued his licence to John biShop of Worcefter,
permitting him to grant a mill, 76 acres of land, 5 of meadow, 9 of pafture, and
8 of wood, and 42 Shillings rent in Naftock, to the dean and chapter in mortmain.
1252, July 29. Henry HI. granted Mathew de Malteby a free warren, a market,
"and fair at Runewell. _ >
1264, 49 Henry III. " Rex amortizavit Waltero de Merton, familiari fuo, ae
prsebendario de Halywell in ecctia Sancti Pauli London in fucceff' Mazamillam
extra muros London ex parte boreali vocat' la More *."
27 Henry HI. " Pro decano Sancti Pauli London de mora extra muram civitatis
Lond. ex parte aquilonari *."
1280, Feb. 12. Edward I. granted the dean and chapter free warren of all their
manors named in the deed.
131 1, Jan. 20. Thomas de Thorpe and John de Lenton, executors of Walter
de Thorpe, obtained a licence from Edward II. to grant three meffuages in the
parishes of St. Lawrence Candlewick, St. Mary Abchurch, and St. Bride's Fleet-
Street, to the dean and chapter, for the foundation of a chantry for the foul of
Walter de Thorpe.
1315, Feb. 6. Edward II. iffued a charter of confirmatien.
1315, Oct. 4. He granted his licence, permitting Nicholas Hufebond to con
vey 3 meffuages and 8 fhops, in the parifh of St. Sepulchre, in mortmain, to the
dean and chapter.
1 31 7, April 15. Hugh de Waltham and William Lambyn, executors of Hugh
Porte, obtained the fame -monarch's licence to grant the dean and chapter a rent
of 28s. in London, for the maintenance of a lamp to burn perpetually before the
altar of the Virgin Mary.
1319, April 27. He licenced John de Mundena, clerk, to grant a meffuage
in the parish of St. Michael Attcorne, to provide a prieft to pray for his foul.
1320, Nov. 12. The fame king confirmed the grant of Nicholas de Wokyn-
don, by which he had conveyed a meffuage in London to the dean and chapter,
ibr founding a chantry, with two priefts, to pray for the fouls of himfelf and his
wife Johana, notwithftanding the Statute of mortmain.
1320, Nov. 20. He confirmed all their grants in mortmain.
1322, July 17. The king pardoned the dean and chapter for receiving a
meffuage at Eardeley in mortmain, without his licence.
* Cal. Rot. Patentium temp. Hen. III.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. «
1325, July 18. Stephen de Gravefend, bifhop of London, obtained the royal
licence to convey to the dean and chapter lands and tenements valued at 18I. per
annum in mortmain.
-1325, Aug. 16. The royal licence to Roger de Walton for granting a
meffuage in the parifh of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fifh-Sfoeet-hill, and three
fhops in St. Pancras, Soper-lane, value 81. 6s. 8d. per annum, to the dean and
chapter, for the endowment of a chantry for the foul of the faid Roger and of
Anthony Beck, bifhop, of Durham. He alfo licenfed John Lovell to found a
chantry of one prieft, to pray for the fouls of all the faithful.
132B, Dec. ir. Edward III. appropriated the church of Yellinge to the office
of chancellor of St.Paul's.
1346, Feb. 28. Ralph de Clatford received a licence for conveying to the dean
and chapter two acres of wood in Sandon, to maintain a light before the great crofs
in the body of the church.
1347, June 1. The king licenfed the executors of Stephen de Gravefend,
bifhop of London, to grant lands and tenements, value 40 marks per annum, in
mortmain, for the expences of a chantry, and two priefts to Sing maffes, for
Stephen, and Richard his uncle.
King Edward III. in the 28th year of his reign, April 21, 1354, granted to the
dean and chapter the cuftody of the temporalities of the fee of London, during a
vacancy. 1366, Jan. 24. The king iffued his pardon to the dean and chapter for pur-
chafing lands and tenements in London without his licence.
" 1371. Commifiio facta epo Lond. fuper bracinio ecclefiae Sancti Pauli re-
conftruendo, in qua rex conqueritUr de avaritia ac aliis vitiis canonicorum Sanctt
Pauli London *."
Oct. 29, '1381, a grant was made by Richard II. Similar to that of king
Edward III. in 1354.
1388; Nov. 18. The fame king fecured the privileges of the dean and chap
ter by a confirmation of grants ; and
1390, May 17, united feveral chantries.
1400. "2 Henry IV. Peramplaconfirmatio maneriorum, terrarum, ac libertatum
pro epifcopo et capitulo S. Pauli Lond. fundati per regem Ethelbertum, cm epo
idem rex inter caetera conceffit 24. hidas terrse juxta civitatem London, in qua de
reg. Ed. Confeff. et Will. Rufo, (Saxohice), et deH.I. diverfa, et inter csetera, viz.
* Cal. Rot. Patent,
Vol. III. F <luod

$8 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
quod conceSfit epifcopo Lond. totum craffum pifcem qui captus fuerit in tot_ terrS
fua, praeter lingam, quam mihi attenui *," &c.
Henry VI. confirmed preceding grants, March 24,  ; again in 1424;
1429 a patent for a chantry over the bones in St. Paul's church-yard.
A confirmation of privileges, Jan 20, 1435.
1441, March 24'. A pardon.
1445, July 2?. Another confirmation of privileges.
i_.6i, Feb. 10. Edward IV. granted the dean and chapter a pardon ; 1464,
Nov. 8, privileges ; and 1472, June 20th, a confirmation of grants.
1509, Dec. 1. Henry VIII. confirmed their grants; which was followed in June
by a pardon ; and in 15 10 by a third, of grants, &c. &c.
1542, June 28. The king iflued a confirmation of feveral penfidns to the
dean and chapter.
1543, April 20. An exchange took place between the king and the dean and
chapter, of feveral manors, &c.
1544, March 30. The king granted lands, tenements, &c. to the dean and
chapter. 1555, Nov. 10. Philip and Mary confirmed the charters of preceding
monarchs. 1559, Feb. 2. Queen Elizabeth confirmed their grants, and beftowed certain
privileges. From 1 56 1 to 1570 there were five exempliSications of records relating to obit
money; another, dated Jan. 26, 1570, concerning the exchange of land, between
the crown and the dean and chapter.
Auguft 11, 1 57 1, the queen granted them lands and manors.
1605, Jan. 22. James I. granted a charter of confirmation.
1663, July 21. Charles II. did the fame.
Many interesting articles will be found in the following detail. Such as bear
dates are chronologically arranged, thofe without may be conjectured by the
names of the parties.
1 1 20. Garner of Naples, then prior of the order of St. John of Jerufalem in
England, with the confent of his chapter, granted the church of Brokefburn to
the bifhop of London, for 4 marks' per annum.
* Attenere pro tenere. Lib, MS. Scacc, Hearne, p. 13 ; where Du Cauge fuppofes it fliould be
uttendere : but this is a cafe againft him.
1183.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 39
1 183. The bifhop of London confirmed a grant made by William de Belmeis,
canon of St.Paul's, by which he conveyed the church of St. Pancras to the dean
and chapter. The advowfon, tenths, rents, and profits, of this church, were de-
mifed by the dean and chapter, in 1441, to Walter Shrington, canon residen
tiary, for to marks per annum.
1236, April 28. Henry III. at the requeft of Henry de Cornhill, chancellor of
St. Paul's, granted his licence, permitting the dean and chapter to cut down the
wood on 16 acres of land at the end of Chingford wood, and to plough the
fame. 1 240. Alan Pil of Stebenhey, and Cecile his wife, granted to the church of
St. Leonard Sorefdich, and to Peter, archdeacon of London, rector of that
church, a rood of land in his field.
1248. The priorefs and convent pf St. Helen's, London, recovered from
Walter Trentmars 6 acres and a half of land, of the fee of St. Paul, in the parifh
of Stebenhethe. The dean (having regard to the rights of the church of St. Paul)
granted that the priorefs and convent Should have the premifes by the accuftomed
fervices, and fuit of court of the dean, in Stebenhethe; and, upon a dernife or
removal of the priorefs, they were to do fealty for the land, and pay a relief.
1253. Martin, fon of Paveye, gave to Henry, dean of St. Paul's, his land
named Brettun, in the parish of Barling. ,
1255. Sir Thomas de Baffinge burne, knight, fon and heir of Nicholas de Baf-
fingeburne, conveyed his tenement in Haregorefton, in the parish of Sorefdich, to
the dean and chapter, for 30 marks.
1258. Fulk, biShop of London, confirmed the grants of the dean and chapter
of the tenths and churches of their manors, Hebrugg, Barling, Naftock, and
Drayton, as a fund to provide lamps and tapers for the fervice of the church of
St. Paul's ; and their appropriation of the churches at Kirkeby, Walton, Thorp,
Willefdon, Tillingham, Chifwick, and Beauchamp, for the maintenance of the
refidentiaries. 1260, May 5. Sir Philip BaSfett, knt. granted to the dean and chapter 76
acres of land, 30 acres of wood, and ios. per annum, in Fairftede; and 2| acres of
meadow in Borham, paying yearly, on the anniverfary of his brother Fulk,
bifhop of London, on the morrow of St. Edilbert the king, 100s. to the pittance
of the church of St. Paul. Fa 1261,

40 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
1261, 5 kal. June. Sir Philip Baffet, knt. gave to the dean and chapter the
manor of Boyton ; charged with .the payment of 15I. per annum to the three priefts
of the chantry founded for the foul of Fulk his brother.
1.266. The tithe corn of Hebrugge was left by William Facet, canon, for
60s. per annum, to the vicar.
William de Bloys, biShop of Lincoln, granted to the dean and chapter the
Churches of Sandon, Ardlei, Cadendon, and. Kenefword, faving the rights and
dues belonging to the fee of Lincoln.
1266. Richard, fucceffor to de Bloys, confirmed the grant of Kenefword.
1276. The dean and chapter had granted to the prior and convent of Legh
the fruits and offerings of the church of Halftede for 21I. per annum. An agree
ment to furrender it in cafe of non-payment is dated in the above year.
1276, Innocent's day. A bond was figned by Simon, prior of the convent of
Legh, to the dean and chapter, in which the convent promifed to pay for ever,
on the feaft of St. Faith the Virgin, iol. for the anniverfary of Hervey de Bore-
ham; to the refidents prefent at the fervice 1 oos.; to the 12 minor-canons 1 8s. ; to
the 30 vicars 30s. to the chaplains who had perpetual portions in the church,
and the mafter of the fchools, 20s. ; for ringing the bell through the city ios. ; to
the 5 fervants of the church 5s. ; to the boys of the almonry, in cafe there were 100,
5s. but if fewer the furplus to be in the almoner's difpofal; to 100 poor men
8s. 4d. ; to the canon who performed the office 3s. 4d. In cafe of non-payment
the dean and chapter were to diftrain on certain lands belonging to the convent,
except in times of war. Hervey de Boreham was precentor of Hereford, and a
canon of St. Paul's, and left lands to the convent of Legh charged with thofe pay
ments for the celebration of his anniverfary.
1282, June 21. Edwardi. iffued his precept, ordaining that the manor of
Bernes * fhould be demifed to none but canons of St. Paul's. There is an asree-
.ment, dated Sept. 10, 13 18, between the lieutenant of the dean and chapter and
Bernard de Ciftr, canon of the church of St. Hilary in Poictou, proctor veil -f-
cardinal by the title of St. Martin in the Mount, concerning the manors of
Bernes and Wickham, given to St. Paul's by the pope ; and as it was alleged that
the veil f had no right therein, as being a lay fee, the lieutenant (for certain caufes)
promifed to pay the cardinal 500 florins of gold. In 1340 the dean and chapter
paid 1 6s. 8d. for the nones of the fleece of their fheep and lambs at Bernes. Five
* Barnes in Surrey. f Sic Orig. years

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 41
years afterwards it appears that the church had no temporalities there, but that
they paid the ninth part for moveable goods ,
1418. The dean and chapter demifed to their fellow canon, Walter Cook, the
manor of Bernes, with the right of prefentation to the rectory, durante vita $ for
which he paid 7I. is. 9d. to the chamber of the church ; 48 quarters of wheat, and
9I. Sterling, to the bakehoufe of St. Paul's.
In the time of Edward I. the dean and chapter annexed the manors of Sandon,
Norton near Angre, and WeStlee, to the office of dean of St. Paul's, on condition
that the fucceeding deans Should pay from the proSLts of thofe manors as follows :
For the manor of Sandon, to the meal and brewhoufes of St. Paul's, 10 meals of
corn, dry, found, and clean, each containing 16 quarters of wheat, Standard mea-
fure ; 16 quarters of oats, and 3 quarters of barley, and with each meal ios. 6d.
to the meal and bake-houfes : to the chamber of the church 10 bed of woo'd, for
each 40s. and to the almonry 7 d.
For the manor of Norton, to the chamber 100s. and one bed of wood ; to
every prieft performing the oSfice in the church of St. Paul's for the foul of
Richard Foliot 4 marks.
For the manor of WeStlee 40s. per annum to the chamber.
1287. John de Makeneye and Ifabella Colyere, granted to William de Ewell
a meffuage, 1 acre and 3 roods of land, which Walter le Colyere, father of
Ifabella, held in the parilh of St. Leonard Shoredich, and 2s. 8d. per annum which
Brunyng de Haliwell, the tiler, paid for the land he held, &c.
1 294. Johanna, daughter of Alice de la Leye, releafed to Ralph de Baldock,
dean, all her right in the manor of WeStlee, and the advowfon of the church, for
50s} 5 acres of land in WeStlee (paying the dean a pepper-corn rent), and 15
acres in the fame place, for 3 s. per annum.
1299. The prior and convent of the new hofpital without Bifhopfgate gave
bond for the payment of 2lb. of frankincenfe per annum to the dean and chapter,
by the appointment of Roger, vicar of Stebenhethe, for 8 acres of land there,
called Preftlond.
13 16. Warren de Bafingeburne, of Wympole, gave to the dean and chapter
(for his foul's repofe) all his lands and tenements in Sandon.
1346, Sept. 29. Jeffery Fitzpain, ofHaughton, perpetual chaplain in the'church
6T St. Paul, demifed to John Gerrard, of Bures Giftard in Effex, the moiety of
Richerenefs

42 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Richerenefs marSh, in the parish of Bures, with no Sheep, valued at i8d. each,
for 7 years. The rent 4I. 13s. 4d. per annum.
1357. Joan, relict of John in the Hale, rekafed to John de Ware, minor
canon, and to Lawrence de Sutton, their heirs and alTigns, all her right in thofe
lands, tenements, and woods, which they had by grant of Roger Mountjoy, in
Naftock. 1406, Feb. 6. Roger Pinchebeck, prior of St. Mary without BiShopfgate,
and the convent, releafed to the dean and chapter all their right in Lobbeword-
marfh, Bemflete, Effex.
1441, Jan. 31. The dean and chapter granted to Walter Shiryngton, canon
residentiary, their manors of Barlyng and Hadle, with the tithes, and right of
prefentation to the vicarage for life ; for which he paid two farms in bread and
beer, with the ufual dues of the bake-houfe, brew-houfe, and almonry; with eacl}
farm 60s. and an improved rent of 40s. For Hadle 35s. per annum.
Richard Fitzftephen releafed to the dean and chapter his right in 8 8 \ acres
of land at Rune well, Effex.
William de Burnham conveyed to the dean and chapter 19 acres of arable, and
one of meadow land, and half of Snetinge mill, in Kirkeby.
In the reign of Henrylll. William Marefcal, fon of William earl of Pembroke,
gave to the church of St. Paul, for the foul of Alice his wife, daughter, of Balde-
wine de Betune, earl of Albemarl, and for the fouls of his ancestors and fucceffors,
20s. per annum quit rent payable from Bracke mill, near Luton, Bedfordshire.
Walter, fon of Robert, granted for his foul's fake to the church of St. Paul,
5 marks fper annum, from the church of Cadington.
Some time after 1231, Peter, fon of William, fon of Afulf, gave to Jeffery de
Luci, dean, and his fucceffors, 20 acres of his wood in Albury, for 1 penny per
annum. In the reign of Henry III. the fame Peter granted to Euftace, biShop of London
40 acres of arable land, Pulefield in Aclon, and half an acre for a way. The
tenure 1 lb. of cummin feed, or 2d. per annum. In consideration of which
EuStace acquitted Peter of a debt of 10 marks. This Peter afterwards releafed
the above rent to the dean and chapter. The chapter granted to Jeffery de Luci
dean, all their manor, with the manfion-houfe, houfes, wood, meadows, &c, which
he bought of Peter, fon of Alulfy, for life. In return for this grant, the dean
7..-RS to pay 6s. or a wax taper weighing one pound , on St. Paul's clay. The dean
afterwards

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 45
afterwards conveyed to the chapter the above premifes, and 5 acres cf land, which
he had of Walter de Actune, in Actune, paying 5 1. per annum. To the prieft
(for his foul) 5 marks, for his obit 20s. to the canons prefent ios. and to the
minor canons and vicars ics. And 1 mark for the obit of Philip de Fauconberg,
archdeacon of Huntingdon.
Gregory, fon of Walter (deceafed), rector of the church of Actune, gave to
the dean and chapter three meffuages, with the barns, &c. laying near the bank
of the highway leading to Wexebrigge, in the town of Actune, for the mainte
nance of a chaplain to minifter in the church of St. Paul, which meSfuages were
of the fee of Peter, fon of Afulf, paying to the church of A6tune 1 id. per annum,
affigned for the fupport of a lamp before the altar of St. Nicholas, for the foul of
Walter his father.
Richard, prior of Stokes, with confent of the convent, granted to St. Faul's, for
the fupport of the clergy who perform the office of the Virgin, according to an
order of Euftace biShop of London, all their right in Bumfted church, except the
tithes, a penfion of 1 mark, and the right of prefentation ; and five marks from
the church of Finchingfield.
Euftace, bifhop of London, granted the church of Fairfted to God and the
church of St. Paul, on condition, that, after the death of John the rector, the r
fruits of the church Should go to the ufe of the fabric of St. Paul's, referving the
vicar's right.
Richard, bifhop of London, granted the cuftody of the church of Brokeslburne
(after his deceafe) to the dean and chapter ; for which they were to pay 4 marks
per annum to the hofpital of St. John of Jerufalem, and 5 marks to St. Paul's, for
his obit,
In the reign of Henry II. Ralph de Diceto, dean, with the affent of the
chapter, confirmed the grant of Richard, third biShop of London, of 8 marks per
annum from the church of Cheftrehunt, for the maintenance of two priefts in
St. Paul's *.
The poffeffions of this church were fo numerous, it is vain to think of particu
larising them all. Numbers of houfes and quit-rents in the city of London muft
be added to the preceding catalogue, exclufive of the patronage of the churches
which have been, and will be noticed, in this work. Thofe in the country, now
* Abftra£ts of deeds belonging to the dean and chapter, fol. MS. in

44. CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,
in the gift of the dean and chapter, amount to 36 : Bedford/hire, Cadington ;
Berk/hire, Lamburn ; Effex, Heybridge, Wickham St. Paul's, High Eafter,
Naveftock, Belchamp St. Paul's, Hornden fuper montem, Mucking, Langdon
Hills, Barling, Tillingham, and Hatton ; Hertf or djhire, Furneaux Pelham, Sar-
rett, Therfield, Hemelhemp Stead, Paul's Walden, Kenfworth, Sandon, Yardley,
Albury, Brent Pelham ; Kent, Chapel of Egerton, and Charing ; Middlefex,
Friern Barnet, Stoke Newington, Edmonton, St. Pancras, All Saints Tottenham,
Weft Drayton, Chifwick, Sunbury, Willefdon, and Kinfbury; Surrey, Barnes.
The receipts, from every defcription of income, amounted many centuries paft
to 1196I. us. id. per annum.
An elegant vellum book * in the British Mufeum details the temporalities of the
dean and Chapter from parifhes in London, the amount 661. ios. 6d. The tem
poralities of William deMontforti, late dean of St. Paul's, in Islington 3I. 7s. who
died in 1294. This book was therefore written probably about the year 1300.
A manufcript belonging to the dean and chapter States that the chamberlain
received annually of the churches belonging to the chamber 25I. 17s. The fame
chamberlain received of churches without the city, belonging to the chamber,
122I. 1 8s. The fame chamber received from various manors 13 il. 18s. gd. in
money. Received annually of Awtone 50s. id. of the mills of Woppynge
43s. 4d. of WeStlee 40s. of Twyford ios. — and Hippeleye 4s. — 13 il. 6s. id.
The clear rents in the circle of a year from the city and fuburbs of London
was 33I. us. 1 id. &c. Sum total 432I. 19s. 3d. in the above department, and
peihaps about the year 1 200.
Without entering into the minutiae of charges, which would occupy more fpace
than we can afford, I Shall State generally, that the fum total of taxation (from the
fame MS) was 766I. 15s. iid. inde decima 76I. 12s. 7d. And the goods fpiri-
tual and temporal of the diocefe of London, with thofe of the bifhop and the
_,bbot of Waltham, 10,8571. 2s. 9d.
The revenues of St. Paul's church were very great before the Reformation ; but
it appears clearly from the antient books ftill extant, that a very trifling overplus
remained after paying the annual charges. Thofe were more than we Should
imagine, judging from the Simplicity of our prefent form of worShip. Numbers
of the ornaments, ftatues, chalices, and veftments, were prefented to the different
* Harl. MS. No. 60. altars

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.. 45
altars by pious perfons ; but it is reafonable to fuppofe many were purchafed at a
very great expence by the dean and'chapter. They paid at one time 273I. ios. 4d.
per annum for the chantries and anniverfaries within the church, and at the fame
period 7 cwt. of wax was confumed, at 3]. per cwt. together with oil, to the amount
of 4I. per annum. The expences of the bake-houfe were 120I. Befides thofe, there
were penfions, rents, the priefts commons, ale Silver, trencher bread, and W\\kynr
feeding days, pittances,, ftagiaries, de fapientia, the apoftle mafs, de profundis,
fees by the chamberlain, by the auditor, by the receiver, livery of the minifters,
wine, &c. repairs and taxation, amounting to the receipts within iool.. To explain
fome of the above items it is neceffary to add, that the ancient cuftom was, to
have a common ¦ dining-hall for each of the different degrees, the tables of which
were furnifhed by regular purveyors from the markets ; and the bread and ale, we
have already feen, was the product of their own manors, baked and brewed in
their own bake and brew-houfes. This mode of living was, very proper with
priefts, who were compelled by the canons of the church to lead a folitary life of
celibacy ; but when the clergy became fathers of families the cuftom died away :
and nothing could be more improper now than a common hall, to feparate the
prieft from his wife, the parent from his offspring.
Chantries,.
were a fruitful fource of profit to antient ecclefiaftical foundations. The pre ced
ing pages verify the affertion. If we admit the doctrine of purgatory, they may
in fome meafure be justified • immediately ; but, rejecting that, they were the
moft abfurd and ufelefs ceremonies imaginable.. If we fuppofe that a foul was
condemned tQ a certain term of purgation, as a preparative for never-ending hap-
pjnefs, we muft alfo fuppofe that thofe terms were various in duration, and pro
portioned to< the virtues and vices' of each individual ; thus, a good man would.
perhaps barely pafs, through this ordeal, and thence away to Paradife. Then,,
who Shall fay when our prayers are to terminate, who inform. us of the precife time
of the defunct Is releafe ? To pray for afoul already happy is ufelefs ;. and I have
never heard that any information onthis head- was conveyed to the chantry prieft
from his founder. Such a profanation of the Almighty's goodnefs can only be
excufed by the extreme weaknefs and terror of the wretched Sinner ; and for the
prieft, I am ready to- acknowledge his reafon, bound down by tremendous punifh-
Vol. IIL G ments

46 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
ments hovering continually around him, deterring him from even thinking; he
had this further palliation, the cuftom inculcated charity, disinterested charity,
an enthufiaftic defire to remove a load of torment from a.foul unknown, one per
haps that had parted from its body centuries before. Enlightened men penetrated
through this mift : Henry VIII. defpifed the empty curfes of the Papacy ; Ed
ward VI. completed the Reformation ; and the fun of religion gilds the British
horizon even now with unequalled Splendour.
I do not profefs to go beyond Sir William Dugdale, when he fays, p. 27, Hif
tory of St. Paul's, " the moft ancient (that I have met with) was founded, as I guefs,
about the beginning of King Henry the lid's reign." I will not pretend to fay
that prayers were offered for the foul of William the firft, biShop of London, who
died in 1075 ;. but it certainly was an antient cuftom for the citizens of London to
walk in folemn proceffion round his tomb, thus gratefully acknowledging his
fervices to the city, in obtaining privileges from William the Conqueror, to whom
he was probably endeared by having been chaplain to Edward the Confeffor.
Richard Nigell, biShop of London, died in 1198, and founded two chantries,
with two priefts ; and from this period manors, lands, and tenements, were be
llowed for maffes almoft annually, till their fuppreSTion.
As Newcourt and Dugdale have extracted copioufly from the archives of
St. Paul's relating to this part of my fubject, I Shall endeavour to lay before- the
reader fuch information as they have omitted, and which in my opinion is full as
important as any they have given.
In the year 1295 the dean and chapter affigned the following altars for chantry
maffes. The Apoftle mafs, at the altar of the bleffed Virgin, for the fouls of Fulk
and Philip Baffet. The altar of St. Michael, for the foul of Henry de Wyqgham,
biihop of London ; and for the foul of Euftace de Fauconberge ; and at the firft
Striking of the bell,, at the altar of St. Radegund. Early in the morning the
Apoftle's mafs at the altar of St. John the Evangelift, for the foul of John de Brain-
forde and Richard de Humfraville. The Apoftle mafs at the altar of St. Katharine,
for the foul of Alan and Alice, progenitors of Fulk Baffet ; and for the foul of
Richard de Gravefend then biShop, and Richard Foliot.
Early in the morning, the altar of the bleffed Mary, at the chapter-houfe door,
for the foul of John de ChiShull, biShop, John de Sancta Maria, and Ralph
Dougoun. The apoftle mafs, at the altar of St. Thomas the Martyr, for the foul
of Peter de Newport and Godfrey de St. Dunftan's. Early in the morning, at the
altar

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 47
altar of St. Stephen, for the foul of William S. Mariae, ecclefias, and Galfridusde
Lucy, ,dean. The altar of St. Hypolita, for the foul of Richard de Wendover,
and Hugo de London, archdeacon of -Colchefter. At the firft Striking of the
bell, at the altar of St. Silvefter, for the fouls of John Romayn and Roger de la
Leye. The Apoftle mafs at the firft Striking, the altar of St. Cedde, for the fouls
of William de Haverhull, Alexander de Suereforde, and for Radulf and Mar
gery, progenitors of biShop Roger. The altar of the apoftles (Peter and Paul),
for the Soul of Martin.de Patifhull. The altar of St. Margaret, for the foul of
Ifabel Bokerel. At the altar of St. James, for the fouls of Godfrey de Acre, Gal-
fridus de Wefenham, and John de London, early in the morning. At the altar
of St. John Baptift, for the foul of Fulk Lovel. Early in the morning, at the
charnel (in carnarid) , . for the foul of Atheline de St. Olave ; and for the fouls of
Roger Beyum and Ifabella his wife. %
There are now in the muniment room at St. Paul's many rolls of parchment
and paper, which contain original accounts of the receipts and diSburfements of
various chantries. The following abstract will ferve as a fpecimen.
" Thys ys the accownt of Sir John Sharp, of his fownders chauntry, Ralph
Baldocke ; fro the feft of Criftemas, in the yere of our Lorde A. m.ccccc.xv.
unto the feft of Seynt Myghchell next folowyng, for in quarters, the yere of
oure Lorde then, m.ccccc.xvi.
Fyft the feyd Sir John Sharp chargyth hymfelf with certeyri rerage £. s. d^
of Sir Edmond Haryngton, rent-gatherer, of the fownders rentrs
as yt followeth  Arreragia ; fumma - - - 4 18 8
Alfo the feyd Sir John Sharp hath receyVyd of a nother yere folow
yng, certeyn rentts as here doth appere ; fumma
Receyts of all the rentts for 1 11. .quarters of a yere
" The feyd Sir John Sharp afkyth alowance of the feyd peels folowyng.
Fyft for the n chappelyns wages for in quarters
It, for the fownders obyt -
It, to the; mafter 'of the rowlls :.¦>; -
It, to the abbot of Weftmynfter . -
It, to the prior of Seynt Mary Ovye -
Sum 21 1 o
G 2 Expences

3

7

2

4i

6

4

"g-

£¦

?.

d.

12

0

0

6

0

0

2

6

8

0

2

0

0

12

4

48 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,
Expences and empticyohs. £• s' «¦
Fyrst, to our alter a new payer of cruetts - - - o o io
It, n alter clothes of dyaper - - - - o 8, o
It, for wafhyng of albys corporas, and other ornaments - -012
It, for gatheryng of the fownders rent - - - o v6 8
It, for potacyons among ye tennts - - -. o 7 5
It, for a new copey of our fowndacyon to one Gillam - - 034
It, for heryng of this count and wrytyng of this fame - - 020
It, delyvered to Mr. Deane 9I. the whiche was put yn to the cheft
yn the veftery wlh othyr money of the chauntre.
Suin expeh et repar - - - - - 36100
The charges of this establishment in 1332 were nearly Similar.
The book of chantries, from which fo many extracts have already been made
in the firft volume of this work, affords a complete lift of thofe remaining at the
time it was compiled,within the church of St. Paul.
*' Thomas Stowe founded within the faid cathedral church a chan
try, and gave lands for the maintenance of a prieft, an obit, and £. s. d.
other charges; per an. ¦• - - - - 15 6 8
Ralph Baldocke founded there a chantry, and gave lands for main
tenance of two priefts, one obit, and other charges, per an. - 45 13 4
John Powltney founded there a chantry of three priefts, one obit,
and other charges, and gave lands per annum * - - 50 12 o
John Munden, John Lovell, William Mylworthe, and Richard
Pleffes, founded there a chantry of three priefts ; one obit, and
other charges, and gave lands per annum - - - 16 6 8
Roger Waltham founded a chantry of two priefts, one obit, and
other charges, and gave lands per annum - - - 29 16 o
Roger Holme founded a chantry of four priefts, and other charges,
and gave lands per annum - - - - - 46 1 2 o
John Hiltofte founded a chantry of one prieft, one obit, and other
charges, and gave lands per annum - - _ 10 o o
Gilbert de Bruera founded a chantry of one prieft, two obits, and
other charges, and gave lands per annum - - 18 8 8
* A long petition from the dean and chapter to parliament relating to this chantry rrfay be feen in
the Rolls of Parliament, vol. V. p. 9. Richard

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 49
Richard Fitzjames, fometime bifhop of London, founded a chantry
of one prieft, one obit, and other charges, and gave lands per
annum — - _ _ - - 14 68
John Dowman founded a chantry of two priefts, and one obit, and
gave lands per annum - - - - -22 00
' Beatrice de Roffe founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands
per annum - - - - -800
John Withers founded a chantry of two priefts, and other charges,
and gave lands per annum - - - ai 1 8
William Saye founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands for
that, and other charges per annum - - je o o
Godfrey de Acra founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands
per annum - - - - - 13 a 8
Thomas Evor, for one prieft and an obit, gave lands per annum 16 o o
Walter Sherington gave lands for two priefts per annum -. 20 o o
James Frifell and John Romayn founded a chantry of one prieft,
and an obit, and gave lands per annum - - 11 p o
The duke of Lancafter founded a chantry of two priefts, and gave
lands per annum - - - - 20 o o
Nicholas Wokingdon founded a chantry and one prieft, and gave
lands per annum - - - - 829
Euftace Fauconberge, William Haverhill, and John Eranth, founded
a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands per annum - 8174
Martin Patifhull founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands
per annum - - . - - -1200
William Everdon and Ralph Dugoun founded a chantry of one
prieft, and gave lands per annum - - - 8128
Walter Thorpe founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands per
annum - - - - - - 11160
Reynold Brandon founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands
per annum - - - - 12 o o
Fulk Lovell and John Brayford founded a chantry of one prieft, and.
gave lands per annum - - - - -1728
Roger Waltham founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands
for the maintenance thereof to the value of ol. 19s. 4d. per
annum. And

SO CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
And alfo the dean and chapter have' given and affigned to the faid
chantry, for the augmentation of the faid prieft, called Fulk Baf-
¦ fett's chaplain lands, by year 3I. 6s. 8d. in the whole - 13 6 o
Philip Baffett founded a chantry, and gave lands per annum - 6 13 4
Thomas More founded a chantry of four priefts, and one obit, and
gave lands and tenements per annum - - 67 6 o
William, bifliop of London, Gerard Braybroke, knt. Edmond
Hampden, John Boyes, efq. and Roger Acbrighton, clerk,
founded a chantry of one prieft, and gave lands per annum - 12 17 8
Walter Blockley and William Shaltefhunte founded a chantry of
one prieft, and one obit, and gave lands per annum . - 10 8 8
-Henry Gulforde founded a chantry of one prieft, and: gave lands per
annum - - - -' - 14 50
John Beauchamp, knt. founded a chantry of one prieft, and one
obit, and gave lands per annum - - - 1288
Jeffery Eton and Jeffery Lucy founded a chantry of one prieft,
and three obits, and gave lands worth 3I. 6s. 8d. which the dean
and chapter augmented to per annum - - - 10 6 8
John Fabell and Roger de la Leye founded a chantry of one prieft
and two obits, and gave lands per annum - - 19 o o
Michael Norborough and Henry Idefworth founded a chantry of
one prieft, and gave lands per annum - - 8 6 8
Quaere where thefe houfes of Norborough's gift do lie ?
John Thurfton hath divers lands in Moiche Thackefton, in the
county of Effex, of the gift of Thomas Kempe to the dean and
chapter, towards the augmentation of a chantry prieft's living,
the lands by year amounts unto - - - 4, 13 4
The value of a chapel there, called the Charnel Chapel, with a Shed
thereunto belonging, of the yearly rent of - - o 40 0
The value of their college there, called Peter College, of the yearly
-rent of - - _ _ _' 60c
"Whereof to the dean and chapter of Powles - - 1 13^ 4
And then remaineth clear - _ . -4168
The value of a chapel there, called Sherington's Chapel, of the
yearly rent of - m . -068 The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 51
The value of a college there, called Lancafter College, of the yearly
rent of - - - - - 0300
To the biShop of London for a quit-rent - - - o 10 o
Then remaineth clear - - - - - 0200
The value of a college there, called Holmes" College, of the yearly
rent of * - - - - - o 40 o
The dean and chapter now poffefs a copy from the indentures between Henry VII.
and the abbot of Weftminfter, adorned in the fame fplendid manner as defcribed
volume I. page 218, varying only in the illuminations, which reprefent the monarch
prefenting the agreement to the dean and chapter, who were parties with others to
have them duly performed.
It is reafonable to fuppofe fome of the above maffes were folemnly celebrated
with all the accompaniments and decorations allowed upon fuch occafions ; and
many of the chapels were of exquifite architecture, painted, gilt, and furnifhed
with portraits of faints, and other fubjedts from facred hiftory. When the tomb
of an eminent prelate or illuftrious knight was erected, the executors of the
deceafed led the way in rendering the chapel magnificent; and the prieft, proud-
of his new chantry, doubtlefs contributed every thing in his power to excel his
neighbours in the cleanlinefs and neatnefs of his domain of death. The fandtity
of life in fome cafes, and brilliancy of actions in others, invited enthufiafts to
thofe tombs, where, wrapped in folemn contemplation of the fervice perform
ing, they joined in prayer till their fenfes were deranged ; and oblations beftowed
in thofe moments were Sincerely regretted in the hour of reflection, or they knew
not of the ufes that were made of them, and the difputes they occasioned be
tween the biShop and the dean and chapter, who even expofed themfelves fo far
as to refer a conteft who Should have all or part of the offerings at the feet of the
bleffed Mary's Statue, in the body of the church, to Thomas Arundel, archbifhop
of Canterbury, who gave them all to the dean and chapter. As for the tapers
brought to the church they were ufually burning; but this was a tedious method
of melting them, and unproductive ; the inferior officers of the church therefore
conveyed them to a receptacle beneath the chapter-houfe, where they underwent
* JBook of Chantries, in the Britifh Mufeum. a procefs

52 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
a procefs more expeditious, and were fold to the beft bidder *. There is a letter
preferved in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. III. p. 1033, from Edward II. to Stephen de
Gravefend, biShop of London, the purport of which is, to forbid him to permit
the devotion people paid to the picture of the earl of Lancafter, which was hung
up among many others in St. Paul's church. It is dated June 28, 1323. The
earl had been engaged in a rebellion againft the reigning monarch ; but, fuftaining
defeat and difappointment, was taken prifoner, and beheaded at Pontefract.' He
was grandfon to Henry III. and honoured, in 1389, 67 years after his death, with
canonization. The publick long considered him as a martyr.
Although I exhibit in glaring colours fuch abfurdities and enthufiafm as
compofed part of the cuftom of celebrating anniverfaries, far be it from me to*
rob the dead of their juft due. It was the unenlightened period, the long night
of mental reflection,, that led perfons to fuppofe the Deity might by maffes,
founded for ever be importuned into forgivenefs of their Sins.
The poor benefited by this Supposition : many a prieft would have perished but.
for chantry maffes; and tens of thoufands of mendicants had reafon, in the long
term of 400 years, to blefs the origin of the rites which gave them bread ; neither
would forgivenefs be wanting to the foul who in charity bought the prayers o£
priefts for the falvation of all the faithful.
The following particulars are chearfully inferted as ah illuftration : they were
extracted from one of the antient parchment books at St. Paul's. It Should be.
remembered, that, however infignificant thofe fums may appear to us, they were
confiderable when " fat muttons" were " is. a-piece," and bulls-but 7s. 4d. ; with
wheat at 4s. per quarter.
Children, as well as adults, received alms on the days of distribution..
/
£. s. d.
On St. Ofith's day, for the foul of Hervey de Borham - - o 5 o
Oct. 6. For the foul of Radulph Dongoun . . for children - -004
7 kalends Nov. penfion of Fulk Baffet - - - - -040
3 non Nov. for Atheline de Sancto Olave to children - - 008
8 idus Nov. for Hug Rou. - - - - _- -034.
St. Theodore's day,, to- Waftell and Alles Dand, vicar. - - 02. 6
* See alfo Dugdale's Hiftory of St. Paul's, p. ai, 11 kal.

^oxTKAr. OF ST. PAUL. 5*
1 1 kal. Dec. for Fulk Lovel to children - - - - -008
Dec. 9, for Walter de Wyene - - - - o 16 8
Dec. 3, for William de Purley' - - - - 068
Of Peter Seureme on St. Stephen's day, to the ufe of the poor, and
on the day of his obit - - - - 068
Dec. 1, for Richard de Gravefend firft - - -008
For J. de Chifhulle, to children - - - 008
Feb. 1, for J. de Selvefton id. for firft alms - -060
March 3, for Richard de Wetone, to 80 poor men, half a mark.
4 ides March, for William ecclefiae de Sancta Maria half a mark.
4 ides April, for Richard de Stamforde, to the poor - - 034
Pridie idus May, for Ofbert, dean - - -034
4 kal. May, for William Audegavenfi - - o o 10
9 kal. May, for Richard Juvene, to the poor - - o 13 4
1 1 kal. May, for Alan, chaplain, to the poor, half a mark.
Kal. Jun. for Fulk Baffet, biShop - - - 018
July 1, for-Thomas Afwy, to the ufe of the poor, and for their
garments - - - - -900
4 id. Jul. for J. de Braynford, for children - -008
4 id. Sep. for Richard, third biShop - - -200
Elemofinar' pro pauperibus illo die pafcend.
For mafter Roger, canon, to the poor, within 15 days after his obit o 10 o
For John de Bernes, bread for the poor ; that is, on the day of the
Nativity of the bleffed Virgin, to 20 poor people, on the Affump-
tion to 401 poor, and on the Annunciation - - o 10 8
For Maurice de Herlawe • - - - - o a o
8 kal. Sept. for Jo. de St. Lawrence, canon - - - o 10 o
15 kal. Sept. for Adam Score - - - - ~ o a 6

Sum total, per annum, 18 12 : S
which is equal to 136I. at prefent, averaged from the prices of wheat then and in
1802. The; above particulars were compiled between the years 1200 and 1300;
and many chantries with alms were founded after the latter period.
I very much doubt -whether chantries might not have remained unmolefted
-through the reigns in which they were diffolved, if their fupport had not been
.Vol. in. H derived

54 CATHEDRAL u.

T5~l .-i 

derived from excellent lands ; a temptation not eafily refifted by monarchs^and?
protectors, who thought they might as well enjoy their produce as the priefts who
poffeffed them, and whofe refiftance they did not dread. The ceremonies of legal
proceedings were not much obferved ; and if fome fmall acls of injujlice were the
refult, the nation had begun to feel the folly of fuch foundations, relied upon
the doctrines of the infpired reformers for their hopes of eternal happinefs, and
were therefore quiet fpectators of proceedings it was impoffible to juftify. Some
of thofe legal omiffions produced a memorial and remonftrance to queen Elizabeth
from the dean and chapter (the copy of which is. not dated), in which they State
that an act was paffed i Edward VI. for the diffolution of chantries, and the con-
fifcatipn of their lands. In confequence the dean and chapter had an eftimate
made, and prefented to the commissioners, in, the fecond year of Edward VI. of
fuch lands in their poffeffion. Thofe were feized under the act; and with them
4I. 6s. 8d. per annum, payable from a houfe in Paternofter-row, inhabited by
doctor " Bellafes ;" but which never produced more, than 2I. 13s 4d. per annum..
16I. per annum from the manor of " Bowes and Powle-houfe," Middlefex, which
manor was given to the dean and chapter by " Sir John of Gaunte," and valued-.
at. 20I. per annum. And another rent of 13s. 4d. from the Axe without Aldgate.
All thofe rents (notwithftanding their certificate and feizure) remained in quiat-
poffeflion of the dean and chapter during. the reigns of" Edward VI. and queen
Mary, and for fome time after the Augmentation Court was annexed to the .
Exchequer. After this event the over-rated, rent ©f 20I.. was demanded by government, and
proceffes were ferved upon the. dean and chapter. A further claim was made for
5k per annum, as affigned to. the ufe of a chantry, from a manor, in Acton, which
had been refigned to. Henry. VIII. in the year 1544.
A procefs was iffued for 14I. ios. per annum, given by Hervey de Boreham and
Henry Wengham, for obits 1 for which the. dean, and chapter had. obtained a.
difcharge from the Exchequer. And they very juftly obferve, that their prede
ceffors muft have Shewn fufficient- caufe, or thofe claims would not have laid fo>
long dormant. To add to their difficulties, they complained that Hugh Loffe, ,"
furveyor of London and. Middlefex, had taken poffeffion of every deed that con
tained a word relating to chantries, which were either embezzled or loft ; and
others met with, the fame, fate, when " tumultuouflie removed at. the late burning
©fPauks." Considering

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 55
Confidering that thofe circumstances would be of great injury in any legal pro
ceedings, and that they had loft s61. per annum, contrary to the meaning of the
act, which only required the money actually paid for the fupport of chantries,
and which they were ready to pay to the crown, provided the pofieflions thofe
funis arofe from had been left in their hands, according to the donor's intentions :
Confidering that the prebendaries had 40s. each per annum by thefe obits in St.
Paul's, which was now, loft, and no recompence made by her majefty : And
likewife confideringe, " that in two exchanges made of late with the faied churche,
th'one by your maiefties moft noble late father, and the other by your late
¦deareft brother, the faied dean and chapiter were caufed, amongft other thinges,
to receive the mannors of Bigging and Mocking, in the countie of Effex, bor
dering upon Thames, the walles or water bankes wherof, by violence of tempeftu-
ous tydes, ar oftentimes fo broken up, diStroied, and wafhed awaie, that your
orators ar enforced, for the favegard of the faied mannors, to beftowe many yeres'
the hole revenue of then} for the repayring of the fea bankes, or walles thereof:
It may therefore pleafe your excellent maitie, in refpecte of the premifes, and
for that a great parte of the living of the faied dean and. others of the faied
churche, by reafon of the late burning thereof, is beftowed towards the re-edify
ing of the fame, of your accuftomed goodnefs, pittie, and gracious inclination
hitherto Shewed to that poore, afflicted, and miferable churche of Powles, to
accquitte, &c. &c."
The annual value of the lands, tenements, and rents, in poffeffion of the dean
and chapter, amongft other things, as parcel of their revenue, were charged to
the perpetual difme, granted to Henry VIII. and afterwards came to Edward VI.
by virtue of the chantry act, amounted to 403I. ios. 6d.
The 30 prebendaries, after having as before mentioned loft their 40s. per anmm,
were charged with it as obit money in the Firft-fruits office. •
The penitentiary had certain lands called Greys and Mellows, in the county of
Effex, for a chantry founded by Thomas Kemp, biShop of London, annexed to'
bis prebend, amounting to 4I. 13s. 4d. which were forfeited ; but the charge was>
continued in the valuation of his revenue *'. . ¦
If Sir William Dugdale had not obliged the world with his excellent Hiftory
of St. Paul's church, illustrated with the . accurate engravings of Hollar, what a
treafure of fublimity and beauty would have paffed into impenetrable oblivion ! It
* Original memorial, muniment room.
H z would

56 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
would be an unpardonable omiffion were I to pafs the antient monuments unno
ticed, which covered the afhes of thofe whofe chantries have been mentioned in
the preceding pages. Even Sir William and his artift were compelled to defcribe
and reprefent them mutilated, dirty, and decayed ; for their guardians dared no
longer protect them. v
The tombs of Henry de Wengham, 1262, and Euftace de Fauconberg, 1228,
bifhops of London, were Situated beneath five pointed arches. At the commence
ment of the outward mouldings of thofe arches were rofes, and above them circles
inclofing quatrefoils. That of Wengham was a plain tomb, with his effigies
cumbent, giving the benediction, and under a canopy. FauconbejgV was
nearly Similar, except that the tomb had a border of foliage, and five quatrefoils
on the fide, Under arches like thofe over Wengham's tomb were the inclofures
of King Sebba, 677, and King Ethelred, 1017. They refted' on Short pillars,
and the Sides had on them Tufcan pillars and arches. The covers were fluted and>
pointed. In the North wall, oppofite the choir, was the tomb of John de Chifhull,.
biShop of London., which was a plain box under pointed arches* Near it Stood a
broken Stone coffin.
Under other arches refted Ralph de Hengham, whofe effigies was engraved;
in brafs, Surrounded by lambs and Stars,
Henrie de Lacie, earl of Lincoln, had a monument of the altar kind* On itr
lay his figure, in a fleevelefs doublet, faftened by a belt, under which, was- a<:
compleat coat of chain armour. Angels knelt at his head, his legs were croffed,,
and at the feet a lion. Ten niches with Statues adorned the fide of the tomb.
Roger Niger, biShop of London, 1241. This prelate's tomb had double.
pillars at the ends, and three open pointed arches ; behind which Stood a farco*
phagus, Shaped like a coffin ; and in the back wall were three pierced quatrefoils. -
From the battlements a. roof Sloped up to the-Skreen, reprefenting four beautiful:'
windows. Sir Simon Burley* 1388.. His-effigies in armour lay on an altar tomb, with a:
canopy at his head.
1400. Thomas de Eure had a beautiful engraved brafi, consisting of his
effigies in a veftment embroidered, with niches and faints. Five circular arches
with their pinnacles and angel's, formed the canopy, above which was a circle:
containing the Annunciation. Twelve rich niches with faints formed the border. Robert

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 57
Robert de Braybroke, 1404, His effigies was engraved on a brafs plate, in his
veftments, under a canopy.
Bifhop Fitzhugh, 1436. Engraved on brafs, in his mitre, and a fuperb em
broidered cope, giving the benediction, and with a crofier in his left hand.
1 453-4- The tomb of bifliop Kempe exhibits a fine fpecimen of fepulchral
architecture in the time of Edward IV. It Stood in the North aile of the nave, in
a chapel where fervice was performed daily. The Skreen confifted of three open
arcfies, decorated with trefoils; the buttreffes with pinnacles and foliage? the
frieze with angels, arms, and badges ; and above the cornice lozenges, pierced
into quatrefoils. The bafement had delicate arched pannels. At the Eaftern ex
tremity of the Skreen a circular blank niche, with a pointed moulding over it, on
each fide of which were fmall Statues* The bifhop's effigies lay on an altar tomb
within. 1485. John. Newcourt had a moft expenfive and "exquifite covering of brafs,
Confifting of a border, of twelve niches, and faints. A pointed arch, and under
it a trio of arches with foliage, formed a canopy.
John de Beauchamp's tomb was of the altar k-ind^ His figure lay, in com
plete armour, between the nave and South aile, with the hands joined in prayer,
and the head on a cufhion ; the feet refted againft a lion. The fides of the monu
ment were divided into four compartments, eaqh containing a quatrefoil, every
leaf a trefoil, and the centre a Shield of arms.
John of Gaunt's monument was not fo elegant a- defign as fome others of the
fame period!! The effigies of himfelf arid wife lay beneath a canopy, whofe
pillars were hexagonal on fmall pedeftals, and rather clumfy. The effect was
deftroyed by too- many perpendicular lines; but the fides of- the tomb were
adorned with rich niches. His fpear^ Shield, and cap, hung on the Eaft -end.
There are many other monumental Slonesj inlaid with brafs, mentioned by Sir
William Dugdale ; but, as they were inferior to the above in magnificence, I beg
leave to refer the reader to the Hiftory of St. Paul's for an account of them.
The following monuments certainly had no connexion with the chantries
founded within St. Paul's ; but a description of them ought not to be omitted.
15 1 9. Dean Colet's tomb confifted of a plain altar, with a Skeleton Stretched
on a mat*. At the corners were Tufcan pillars, fupporting others of the fame
order, furmounted with feulls. In the upper intercolumniation a niche, whofe
arch was a large Shell. This contained the Dean's buft, marked with an expref-
fion. of great meeknefs and piety, the hands croffed on a book.
*-¦ See hereafter, p. 61.
1566.

S9 CATHEDRAL OF BT. PAUL,
1566. Sir John Mafon, whofe tomb was a wretched performance -of 7Compofi£ft
pillars, on a bafement enclofing a tablet. The whole adorned with ornaments, in
the worft tafte imaginable ; and two mermaids, holding hour glafles and fculis.
The tomb of William Herbert, earl of Pembroke, was formed by a bafement
and pedeftals, on which were Compofite pillars. The three inner had arches;
thofe on the fides friezes and cornices only. Under thofe arches lay the effigies
on a farcophagus : at the head a daughter -kneeled ; and at the feet two fons in
armour. On the middle columns were others of the fame order, and between them
tablets decorated with feftoons and handfome carvings.
Sir Nicholas Bacon, 1579. Six Compofite pillars, with pedeftals, elevated on
a double bafement, formed the fupport of a triangular pediment, on which were
his arms, fcrolls, and fculis. The effigies of -his two wives lay on the tomb, and
on a table above them was that of Sir Nicholas.
159 1. Sir Chriftopher Hatton had a 'heavy Ionic k monument, with a farco
phagus, on which lay his effigies in armour. At each end of the tomb were four
pillars and two pilafters, and between them a large arch ; above the cornice two
niches, between Compofite pillars ; and large obelifts completed the ornaments at
the extremities. An arch ftill higher, in the middle, inclofed his arms ; and the
tomb was guarded by two other abfurd obeliSks, as tall as the fecond cornice.
1594. Thomas Heneage, knt. whofe tomb was of the Compofite order, with
his effigies in armour, and that of his wife, under an arch. A kneeling female,
and a child lying on a tomb, were reprefented on the bafement.
1595. William Aubrey had his b»ft placed on a pedeftal, beneath a Shell
between two Compofite pillars. He is reprefented with a pointed beard, ruff,
and black gown and cap, and a fcull in the right hand, and a roll of parchment
(or glove) in the left. On the bafement were fix' female figures, and three male,
two of which were in armour.
1595. John Wolley had a monument both Singular and beautiful. It was
formed of a bafement, from the four corners of which rofe the fame number of
ftately Compofite columns, fupporting Statues of Time, Fame., &c. On the
bafement Stood an open coffin, containing the emaciated form of a man in the
mantle, of death. Upon the coffin was a double farcophagus, with three feated
figures : one in armour, refting his head on his hand ; another in a furred gown ;
and the third a female, in the act of withdrawing her attention from a book in
which She had been reading, William

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. s$
' William Hewit, 1599. An altar tomb, with his figure recumbent prayings
TCojnpofite arch, adorned with an angel, and other Statues. The tablets
mere charnel floor. ^^^ejxdjvvjtha difgufting collection of fculis and bones, a
Dean Nowell, 1601. His buft in a
and furred gown, his hands croffed on a cuShion. Abo-ve7~ernBleWN3_^-__i_^^>
Trinity, on the fides obelisks.
Sir William Cockain, 1626. His effigies lay on a farcophagus, in armour, with
a banner, Shield, fword, and helmet, near him. That of his wife lay at his fide.
Chanticleer (the creft of Cockain, being a pun on the name) Stood at the feet. , Com
posite pillars fupported an ill-Shaped pediment, with fcrolls and abfurd figures on the
cornice. Their children were reprefented kneeling on different parts of the tomb.
Dr. Donne, 1631. A niche of black marble contained a reprefentation, ghaftly
in effect, of the Doctor in- his winding Sheets with, the feeLin.a fepulchral vafe^
The antient Church Of St. Paue.
¦ F confider it an unfortunate circumstance that the original ereflion of this once
aoble pile will Still reft in undisturbed oblivion, contrary to my wishes and endea -
vours to produce new facts. JSir William Dugdale hath preceded me in the mu
niment room, whence he compiled. his valuable Hiftory; but I flatter myfelf the
leaders of this work will, find many hitherto unknown, and entertaining details
which he has omitted.
It is obferved in Wren's Parentalia, p. 2.66, that, " the furveyor gave but little
credit to- the common Story, that a Temple had been here to Diana, which fome
have believed, upon the report of the digging up formerly,, and; of later years,
horns of Stags, ox heads, Sulks of boars, &c. meeting with no fuch indications, in
all his fearches." The author muft allude to the enfuing. words, or others of the
fame import.. '" And that this was the temple of Diana fome have farther
confirmed unto us, by the incredible number of oxe heads there diggedtup in.the
daies of King Edward the Firft, when the Eaft end of that church. was enlarged,..
which were fuppofed to bee of thofe beafts that were there facrificed to this god--
deffe Diana.*." '
" The herd, unletter'd, nothing will, believe
But what their fenfes plainly can perceive,"
*¦ Speed's Hiftory,, book VII. E-334. faith.

W CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
faith :Hoole, in his tranflation of Orlando Furiofo ; but in this inftance the cafe is
reverfed, and the man of letters disbelieves that which the herdhsx^ l «— ~
from antient and refpeaable authorityjwfth.i{foffove found any df thofe ant;ent
It is highly probable Sjr^s^is obvious, they had been disturbed at the time
Jn^mo^ecTby Speed, fcattered, and. their places filled by other fubftances. And
yet even at this period they exift, as I can demonftrate to any perfon defirous of
viewing the horn of an ox, whofe limbs have quivered on the altar of facrifice
almoft two thoufand years paft.
During my refearches in the church of Sti Paul., Auguft 1802, the weather was
extremely warm, and the atmofphere remarkably clear of fmoke and vapour.
On a morning when the fun beamed unobstructed rays, I defcended into the
fepulchral church of St. Faith the Virgin, for the purpofe of copying thofe
infcriptions which a feafon lefs favourable would have rendered invisible unlefs
illuminated by torches ; for the rays of a candle are but as the twinklings of a Star
unveiled by clouds, when Aufter pours forth its tremendous gufts, howling through ,
the black wafte of night. Writers of romances, admirers of horrors, approach !
view thofe extended ailes> where the long perfpective leads your appalled eye to
fcenes buried in utter chaos. Trace on each hand the maffy pillar, declining in
every gradation from darknefs visible to darknefs impenetrable ; examine the
vaulted roof thirteen feet above your head ; fee the mighty arch extend from the
four-Sided pillar ; and tell me why you have not vifited this crypt for fcenes of
difgufting import, your funerals, and your gliding ghofts. St. Faith has her vaults
illuminated : She will Show you, to your heart's content, the flafhes of: torches
darting through avenues of columns; and the mute will lead you to the cells of
Death, where the weeping friend accompanies the furpliced prieft in the folemn
rite that gives a fellow creature to the grave. Yet Start not: yonder ghaftly
figure is inoffenfive ; it isvthe Shadow of a good man. The features of Death
have not yet obliterated thofe of life ; the winding-Sheet enclofeshim, but his face
is expofed. How that ray of cheerful day refts upon it ! It is fomething— nothing
What contemplative fprites are thofe, almoft buried in Shade ? A female deep in
thought. Surely they are of the Elizabethan age. And the male, wrapped in a
gown, croftes his arms on his breaft. Others, faintly difcerned, are knights in
armour. Novelist, one Step farther. Hefitate ? Shame on you ! Fear not phan
toms. That pile of decaying mortality, thofe fragments of fculis, bones, and wood, are

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 61
are powerlefs. Again, it was but Grimalkin rufhing terrified to a more retired
corner; and that diftant fpark that approaches is but a poor candle, intended to
point out who refts here ; and he that bears it but a harmlefs boy, that lights me to
avoid thofe Steps of afcent and defcent croffing our path, and thofe finking graves
within yonder rails. But retire ; conviction is not for you ; half the difmal beauties
of this fepulchre would vanifti, were you to hear what your ghofts confifted of.
Obliging reader, the crypts of St. Paul's are Silent dreary manfions, lighted,
at diftant intervals, by grated prifon-like windows, which afford partial gleams of
light. Strong intervals of Shade intervene. The vaft piers, and immenfe arches,
form the vaults into three avenues: the middle one, under the dome, totally
dark; a portion iof the North aile,, at the Eaft end, is dedicated to St. Faith. It
is ufed for, no other purpofe than interments, and the fpace is railed in. The
keys^are kept by the church-wardens of JSt, Auguftine and St. Faith, and a mafter
key is in the hands of the Clerk of the works of St. Paul's. • ,
When the antient church was finally deftroyed, many monumental Statues
were broken to pieces, and the alabafter powdered for cement. A few efcaped,
and are now preferved in St. Faith *. ,
Dr.Donne's figure, carved by Nicholas Stone, for 120I. is one of the number;
It Stands erect, in a window, without its niche, and deprived of the urn. in
which the feet were placed. It will be recollected that the Doctor had a painting
done, reprefenting: him as deceafed, and prepared for burial. Stone's work was
a copy from that .painting, and is really au admirable performance. (See the
annexed plate.) — Another I believe to be the recumbent effigies of Lord Chancellor
Hatton., in armour, and with the infignia of the order of the Garter.-
* Mr.. Gough, "in his Sepulchral Monuments, vol. II. p. ccexxiv. fays, "In St. Faith's vaults,
May 19,. 1783, I faw, with Dr. Hamilton, prebendary of St. Paul's, Mr. Ord, and Mr. Brobl:e,
the following figures remaining- of the old monuments, in tolerable prefervation; the hands, that
were elevated, gone. Dr. "Donne's whole figure: the urn flat at top; and never open, in the
window of a feparate vault ; and fragments of his tomb are on the other fide of the church. Sir
Thomas Heneage, to the knee. His lady, perhaps. Sir John Wolley (only half of his head' gone)j
his lady perfeft. Large fragments of this tomb lay in an adjoining window. Clofe by Heneage a
half length of Sir Nicholas Bacon, in armour, with matras. A whole figure of a lady. Q^ his wife ?
Sir William Cockayne, alderman (a bull in gown), and his wife. A buft of whiter material, as of plafter,
hands down on bafe gone. The llsull (facelefs) and the fpine on a mat, all of wood, of Colet, in
a feparate vault. ' This fine carving had been by fome accident rem'oved among fome old lumber ; in
which fituation, Oa.3, 1786, it was difcovered by Dr. Ducarel and Mr. Nichols, and reftored to its
proper place. The Ihield and impalement of Wolley lay in another vault, among pillars and bafes,
and other fragments." My conjeaures of. whom thofe figures were intended to reprefent were
formed before I law Mr. Gough's obfervations. Far be it from me to adhere pertinacioufly to my
opinion. The general refemblance of effigies to each other is well known.
Vol. III. I Two

-62 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Two others are from John Wolley's beautiful monument.
A fifth is probably the effigies of Sir Nicholas Bacon ; iff armour.
Plate II. Shews them feparately.
At the feet of Dr. Donne's Statue lay fragments of monuments, pieces of pillars>
arms, pedeftals, and duft. Below the window, xm the floor, the urn belong
ing to the Doctor's figure ; and a heap of rubbifh, intermixed with various bones)
thrown from graves at different periods. Among this collection was the horn,
which I feized with avidity, inftantly recognifing its antiquity from the external
appearance, lead coloured, porous, and entirely divefted of the horny or enameled
furface, evidently lately broken from the bones of the Skull By the pickaxe of the
grave-digger, fome feet below the pavement. I confider the difcovery of this
horn effential, as it fupports the affertions of antient historians; but I decline
making any obfervation of my own, further than faying, it appears to< me
extremely probable that a Temple really did ftand on the Site of St. Paul's.-
In the year 185 Lucius, king of England applied to Pope Eleutherius, en
treating that he would permit two- pious eminent men to. vifit his dominions,
where the Chriftian religion was very imperfectly underftood, for the purpofe of
teaching it, and converting the temples of idolatry, by purification and confecra
tion, into churches, for the worShip of the Holy Undivided Trinity.
The Pope complied immediately with the requeft, and fent Faganus and Da-
rnianus. Thofe perfons divided the dominions of Lucius into three fees, London,
York, and the third " was in the city of Caerleon upon Uik *." Thefe fees were
metropolitical ; that of London included Loegria and Cornal.
Four hundred and nineteen years afterward' a fecond miffion was deemed necef
fary, when Pope Gregory fent St. Auguftine to England. This Saint, rather
capricious, preferred Canterbury to London ; and, without the ceremony of con-
fulting his holinefs, very fairly transferred the archiepifcopal' feat to the former
city, leaving London a mere bifhoprick,. governed immediately afterward by
Mellitus as firft bijhop.
The Chriftian religion feems to have made but little progrefs during tlie interval,
if we may rely upon the authenticity of a letter faid to have been written by Gre
gory to Mellitus,. in which the pontiff directs that the various temples of the gods
Should be prderved ; but that the Statues, of whatever defcription, intended to
reprefent them, fhould be deftroyed. This performed, the fanes to be purified
by the application of holy water, other altars erected, and the various budgets of
relicks, culled of their chofceft fpecimens, which were to be difpofed in the moft
* Stephens's Monafticon.. advantageous

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 63
'advantageous manner within them, thus to prevent by their prefence all attempts
from Jupiter, Neptune, Minerva, and Diana, to reinftate themfelves in their
-laritient feats. The good pope appears to have been fully aware, even at that
•very, rvery diftant period, how acceptable a good dinner was to John Bull. He
¦therefore writes, that as it had been cuftomary to facrifice many oxen to devils
(meaning the poor gods of Homer and the Greeks), " fome folemnity ought to
be allowed in lieu thereof." Thofe folemnities he orders to be celebrated on the
patron faint's days of each church, or on thofe whofe relicks were in it, under
tents erected in the vicinity; and oxen Slain, but not burnt. — No more,
*' They tafte the entrails, and the altars load
With fmoking thighs, an offering to the god."
The people were to eat, praifing the divinity of Christians. Politic Gregory !
The enterprize was glorious, but dangerous ; the prejudices of mankind are not
always to be overcome by reafoning. Either the paffions or the appetite muft be
indulged ; and even now many a charitable deed is accomplished with the aid of a
good dinner. Befides, the fovereign pontiff demonstrated to the people, that
they might monopolize the whole provender of their gods with impunity, under
the temples erected to them. Proteftants ! hail the memory of this zealous man,
who taught your ancestors Christianity.
It is not altogether improbable (fuppofing the Site of St. Paul's to have been
dedicated to-Diana*) that at leaft fome part of the temple of that goddefs was pre-.
ferved, and fuch alterations and additions made as were fuited to the forms of
Chriftian worShip. But Stillingfleet maintains, that it is impoflible any fuch
temple ever existed, andT am very fure it is a matter of little importance at pre
fent; yet certainly there are fome Strong reafons for the fupppfition, efpecially.
as Dr. Woodward afferts, that fragments of veffels ufed at facrifices were found
on the fpot, with reprefentations of Diana on them.
The firft Chriftian church, dedicated to St. Paul the Apoftle, erected where the
prefent Structure is Situated, was the pious work of king Ethelbert, about 610,
who had been converted by St. AuguStine to Christianity. '
St. Erkenwald, biShop of London, who died in 685, expended large fums on
the church ; but whether it was for additions, or to complete Ethelbert's plan,
cannot now be afcertained. The following fact feems to imply that the building
* Is it an admiffible conje&ure that the original name of London, Llyn Din, which Mr. Pennant
interprets the lake city., may have mifled fome ignorant etyraologifts to dream of Diana?
1 2 was

C4 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
was not very large. An accidental fire confumed it in the year 961, and our hif-
torians fay it was rebuilt in the fame year. But perhaps this affertion is to be
underftood metaphorically, and only fo far as to permit the renewal of divine
fervice within it.
Only 26 years afterward St. Paul's was again deftroyed by fire, at which time a
confiderable portion of London Shared the fame difaftrous fate. Maurice, then
biShop of London, conceived the vaft defign of erecting the magnificent Structure
whofe final ruin will be minutely detailed in a fubfequent page. This enormous
church, 690 feet in length, 130 in breadth, and with a fpire 520 feet in height,
owes its origin to the worthy bifhop; but fuch was the magnitude, that neither
himfelf, nor his fucceffor De Belmeis, lived to accompliih the pious deed, though
they each prefided twenty years, and expended all their revenues on the under
taking. Immortal honour will attend the memory of thofe prelates, unexampled
in their reverence for the Divinity; for they expended all their incomes upon the
church. It is faid that Maurice had injured the old church of St. Paul; but no particu
lars are mentioned. If fo, he made a rapid ufe of his power, as it was burnt in
1087, and that is the precife year of his actual poffeffion of the fee of London.
Dugdale tells a different tale. After faying that the church was burnt, and that
Maurice repented of the injury he had ddne it, he determined to rebuild it, and^
in one thoufand and eighty-three " began the foundation of a moft magnificent pile;
namely, all the body of the church, with the South and North crofs ailes."
If Newcourt is correct in his catalogue of bifhops, Sir William errs in placing
the foundation by Maurice four years before he poffeffed the fee, to which he had
been nominated by William the Conqueror in 1085 ; but was not confecrated
biShop till 1087.
Stowe adds, that a great deal of the Stone ufed in erecting the church was
brought from Caen in Normandy; and the ruins of an extenfive building, called
The Palatine Tower, near Fleet river, were applied to the fame purpofe.
BiShop Belmeis purchafed whole Streets near the Site, the houfes of which were
taken down, the ground cleared, leveled, and converted into a cemetery. This.
he nearly inclofed with a Stone walk Henry the Firft contributed to the under
taking, by granting to the biShop part of the ditch of Baynard's caftle for the fite
of the wall, and a paffage outfide to the South.
In 1 106, Euftace earl of Bulloign, for the repofe of his father and mother's
fouls, and that himfelf and his lady might be remembered in the prayers of the
chufch,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 66
church, granted all his right in the lands belonging to the caftle, within;
the wall.
The fticceeding biShops, Gilbertus Univerfalis and Hobertus de Sigillo, are not
known to have done any thing towards the completion of the church ; and yet it
is but juftice to fuppofe they continued fuch works as were immediately neceffary.
Richard * Belmeis the fecond imitated his uncle's example, by contributing
largely in finishing and decorating St. Paufs ; but fire, its inveterate foe, made a
third affauft in 1135, and demolished all that was combuftible. We muft imagine
a thorough repair to have been the confequence. Bifhop Niger refolved, foon
after 1229, to rebuild the choir, as it is faid, to improve the architecture, which
he certainly did, if the old one refembled the nave. The Steeple had been com
pleted in 1 22 1.,
About this period, as the prelate led the way, many confiderable fums were
obtained from the publick. I am forry to fay, the gifts- cannot be confidered as
altogether disinterested ; remiffion from penance was the bait : zo, 30, 40 days
indulgence, fome for 7 years, and others to remit certain days for ever, on the
anniverfary of fire dedication.
The pope, the archbifhops of Canterbury and Colein, and many bifhops,
iffued pardons to thofe who gave. Many of thefe fcraps of parchment, full as
efficacious now as they ever were, remain in the muniment room of St. Paul's, as
mementos of the blind ignorance of the laity. The feals are generally beautiful,
and in good prefervation!
1240, Oct. 1. On this day the grand ceremony of confecration was performed
by the biShop of London, affifted by cardinal Otho the pope's legate, the arch
bishop of Canterbury, and fix biShops. Henry III. and vaft numbers of digni
taries, nobles, and citizens, witneffed the folemn rites that offered an improved
Structure to the Divinity.
1256. The new works (always fo termed) Eaftward of the high altar, and
over the crypt of St. Faith, were begun upon a piece of ground obtained from
King John for the lite of a market.
This beautiful addition occasioned indulgences for money to complete it ; and
the prelates and others contributed largely.
1285. Edward I. granted his licence to the dean and chapter, permitting them
to encircle the church yard with a wall, in which gates were to be inferted at
* Dngdale calls him William and Richard, convenient

86 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
convenient distances ; to be locked in the evening, for the purpofe of excluding
thofe wretches who had made the indentings of the tranfepts and abutments fcreens
for -their infamous crimes of murder and robbery, committed in the night. I am
at a lofs how to reconcile this new wall with Sir William Dugdale's account of the
old one, part of which he fays was Standing when he wrote. Belmeis " almoft
totally" inclofed the church-yard ; and yet we find a licence iffued for the fame
purpofe, though part of the original wall remained till after 1.666.
13 1 2. The pavement of the new work was laid ; the materials were of marble,
at 3d. per foot. As the enfuing extract relates to this addition, and the dates are
within a few years of each other, 1 Shall infert it without hesitation* : "Memorandum
quod die Lune prox' poftfeftum Circumcifionis Domini, annoDomki mcccxxxii.
conftituti in capitulo decanus et omnes ftagiarii -f~ circa reformationem et ordinatio-
nem Status magiftri novi operis et officiorum contingent', tractarunt, et pott tracta-
tum, habita deliberatione provida, ut infra fequitur, ordinarunt perpetuus temporibus
fore obfervand'. Claves omnes pixidum in quibus reponuntur oblationes ubilibet
ad ecclefiam Sancti Pauli pro novo opere provenientes fint in thefaurario de cetero,
fub figillo alicujus canonici ftagiarii, prout antiquitus effe confueverunt. Preterea
pecunia de pixide quibufcumque predictis recepta ftatim in thefaurario in cifta in
qua antiquitus reponi confueverat fub figillo alicujus canonici ftagiarii reponatur;
et euftos novi operis feptimatim, vel per quindenam, inde recipiat per liberationem
alicujus canonici ftagiarii prefentis per indenturam, ut antiquitus fuerat obfervatum.
Et fi omnes ftagiarii a civitate fuerint abfentes, tunc facrifta cum uno de cardina-
libus chori, amoto figillo canonici puchie ^ pecunie appofito, pecuniam inclufam
liberent cuftodi, et puchiam reconfignent.
" Item fexto idus Januarii, anno fupradicto, Johannes dePateneye, tunc euftos
novi operis, ad fancta Dei evangelia, ipfis per-ipfum corporaliter tactis et infpectis,
inprefencia capituli, juramentum preftitit corporate, quod Sideliter fe haberet in fuo
officio ; videlicet, fideliter fe onerando de perceptis, et quod percepta fideliter in
opere ecclefie expenderet, et de expenfis computum terminis affignatis redderet
fidelem ; quodque nullum opus novum abfque diffinicione decani et ftagiariorum.
de cetero inchoaret, nee de pecunia ecclefie quicquid alicui abfque deliberatione fta
giariorum mutuaret; necjocalia aliquain ecclefia ubi libere oblata de cetero venderet
* MS. in Dean's veftry.
¦}¦ Stagiarii were refidentiaries " qui Jiagium compleverunt." Du Gauge in voce.
t Pouchia, the pouch or bag. vel

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 67
rel diftraheret, ftagiariis inconfultis; quodque de pixidibus predictis, vel de clericis
ad recolligend' hujufmodi oblationes, profectum nichil de cetero percipiet, nifi in pre-
fentia alicujus ftagiarii ad hoc per decanum et ftagiariis deputati, oblationibus ad
altare Sancte Katherine provenientibus exceptis. Ad hee ordinamus, quod omnes
et finguli deputati ad recolligend' et confervand' oblationes ubicunque in ecclefia
que ad novum opus- pertinent vocentur coram decano et ftagiariis, et ibidem jurent
quod de cetero officio fuo fideliter fe habebunt, et quod plenS omnem pecuniam
quocunque die ad fuam Stationem obvenientem, five in auro five in argento, in pixide
ftatim reponent ; quodcumque cum aliquid jocale oblatum fuerit, eo die facrifte
denunciabunt fi prefens fuerit, vel fi. ahfens quam citius ejus copiam in ecclefia ha
bere poterint, ut in matricula. ecclefie inter alia jocalia conferibatur. Nee de cetero
pro hujufmodi oblationibus colligendis deputetur aliquis nifi per decanum et Sla-
giarios, nee po Situs feu deputatus amoveatur nifi per eofdem ; fed fi deliquerit,
ftatim per cuftodem denunciet ftagiarius prefentibus, et per eos puniatur, vel, Si
exceffus exegerit, in totum amoveatur. Et quod omnes oblationes indiftincte,
ubicumque, et omni die, tam die Pafcues, quem aliis hujufmodi diebus, in;pixide-
plene reponantur. Et hoc fpecialter jurent pro hujufmodi oblationibus colligendis
deputati, cuftode oblationum proveniencium ad altare Katerine excepto. Pre
terea ordinamus quod magifter novi operis in computaado computet diftincte • de
legatis quatenus poffibile fuerit; maxime, videlicet, a.quo, quantum-, et-ex cujus
teftamento recipit. Idem quod faciateomputando empta et-foluta, foil' dicendo in
meremio* empto ad tale opus, velfolutum totis carpentariis operantibus, tale, .quid,
per tot dies. Preterea ordinanras quod dlctus magifter et ceteri fui fucceffores com
tent de oblationibus provenientibus ad puerperiuru ficut de aliis. Et ut facirins
prefatus magifter fuum competum reddere poffit, et decanuset ftagiarii dictum
compotum audituri in audiendo releventur, quater in ¦anno, quando verifimiliter
plures aderunt ftagiarii, videlicet, in Natale Domini infra- xn dies, in fefta
Pafche infra vm dies, in fefto Sancti Johnannis Baptifte infra, xiii dies,, in,
fefto Sancti Michaelis infra vm dies, prefatus magifter fuum compotum redder..
teneat, nifi decanus et capitulum-.terminos.iHos ex caufa duxerint prorogandos."'
The architect1 Should have erecled the fpire of St. Paul's with . Stone ; but,, as
that was not done, the timber work, had decayed by 13 15 to fuch a degree that
the upper part required rebuilding.. It was confequently taken down, many feet;
from the top, and Skilfully replaced by a new termination, on which: : was. placed *-
* Materials or timfeer*.
..7. ball

68 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
ball well gilded, and on that a crofs. A curious method was adopted to preferve
the elevated Structure ; no other than making the crofs a receptacle for fragments
of Saints, which were to plead in Silent orifons for the fafety of their pedeftal ; or
their holy owners' devout lives perchance outweigh the preffure of the tempeft, and
blunt the bolts of Heaven. Wonderful age ! rich in many of the brighteft
ornaments of man, yet how poor and debafed in intellect ! Segrave, biShop of
London, in folemn proceffion, made this facred depofit, and added 150 days of
pardon per annum for 27 years.
I have feen in the records of the church a long roll of parchment, which is the
year's account of Richard de Saye, mafter. of the works, for 1326. The fum
total is 72I. 1 8s. 2d. and the carpenters received then 4d. _;d. and 6d. per day.
One month's charges will ferve as a fpecimen.
In feptimana qua fuit feftum Sancti Erkenewaldi, die Jovis, in ftipendiis Ricardi
de Boching et vn aliorum carpentariorum per iiii dies xvis. cuilibet per diem vid.
Item 11 carpentariis p eofdem dies - - ins. vmd. cuil gdiem vd. ob.
Item Johi Vitri et Rico Cl'ico <p ide comp' - 11 s. vmd.
Item vi operariis per predict os dies - - vis.
Item 2 m & cc Shynglis empt' per Werefrid xiis.
Item p cariag' ejufdem - mid.
Item 2 cc clau empt' ----- xiid.
Item 2 cc clau empt' - vmd.
Item 1 in tonell' empt' pro lacchis - - lis. mid.
Item 1 11 lagen clei pro opere - - - 11. mid.
Item dat' carpentariis pro Hokeday - viiid. Sum' xlviis. xd.
In the year 1344 a beautiful clock, of curious mechanifm, was erected. The
hour hand, or rather the hand of an angel, revolved paft the numerals. If con
trived with graceful attitude and eafy motion, the thought was fingularly appro
priate, a heavenly meffenger marking the progrefs of Time.
1444. In the afternoon of Feb., 1, a tempeft of wind, accompanied with rain
and lightning, disturbed ths tranquillity of the good citizens of London. A
ftreara of the forked element defcended upon the fpire of St. Paul's, damaged,
and would have burnt it, had not the morrow-mafs prieft of Bow (whofe name
ought in juftice to have been tranfmitted to us), certainly at great riSk, quenched
the fire remaining in the ruinous Steeple. I do not find that any part of the pre
cious depofit within the crofs was afterward found within the vicinity of the
church ; and I believe it is entirely unknown, whether long expofure to heat and
cold,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 69
cold, a dry atmofphere and a wet, had bleached away their repellent qualities, or
whether an unlucky dry rot had confumed the relicks. However, it is certain,
they muft either have loft their virtues, or not have been on the fpot, or the
lightning would not have ventured fo daringly againft the fpire.
Sucli were the injuries fuftained upon this unfortunate occafion, and fo difficult
the undertaking of repairing the fpire at fo great a height, that the year 1462 had
arrived ere the globe was raifed to its dangerous bafement, the crofs placed on it,
and the copper gilt weather-cock fet on its axis.
Ninety-nine years after the above period, on the 4th of June 1561, and in the
afternoon, the Steeple was again found to be on fire, a few feet below the crofs.
It was immediately fuppofed to have been occasioned by lightning ; but Dr. Hey-
lin fays, that a plumber, many years- afterwards, confeffed on his death-bed his
having left a pan of coals within the fpire, when he went to dinner ; which, agi
tated by the wind, communicated to the timber, and occafioned the enfuing
defolation. A fecond morrow-mafs prieft of Bow made not his appearance : the
people gazed, and lamented ; but the fire defcended, and gradually wrapt the whole
fpire in a whirling blaze, rending off large fragments, and giving them to the
wind, which hurled the glowing brands, destructive, on the roof and Streets.
The view was awful, terrific, grand, and afflicting; but the general difmay muft
have increafed when the furious element penetrated down the wood within the
ftone tower, thence rufhed Eaft and Weft, forming one extenfive fcene of destruc
tion, through the'angular roof, which was foon converted into allies, and the fire
gradually extinguished for want of combuftible materials.
Such an event could not fail of attracting the attention ©fall England ; and its
Queen, greatly to her credit, loft no time in exerting the royal munificence and
authority for the immediate repair of our beautiful cathedral. Elizabeth began
a fubfcription by giving 1000 marks of gold, and 1000 loads of timber, from
her forefts or elfewhere. She at the fame time commanded the Corporation of
London to fet an example of liberality to their fellow citizens and countrymen.
Alexander Nowell, then dean, preached a pathetic fermon over the ruins, before
the lord mayor, lamenting the destruction of fuch a Structure, and entreating his
auditors to give liberally. The refult was, a large donation from the city chamber,.
and three fifteins, amounting in the whole to 32471. 16s. 2d. ob. The prelates
and clergy of the feveral dioceles moft honourably refigned twentieths, thirtieths,
and fortieths, of their benefices towards the fund, which augmented it to
Vol.. III. K 6702I.

7ft CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
6702I. 13 s. 4d. This ample fupply enabled the commissioners for the repairs to
bring them to a conclusion in the year 1566.
Litere a privato confilio pro collectione contributionis verfus re-edificationem
Ecclefie Cathedralis Divi Pauli, London'.
" After oure hartie comendations to your LordeShippe : Wheras we under
stand that oure very goode. Lorde the Archbufshoppe of Canterbury, accordinge
to fuche orders as he receyved of the Queenes Majeftie in that behalfe, hathe
directed unto you his Ires, requyring youe wherein to levye a contribution of the
clergie within your dioces for the reedifying of the churche of St. Paul's in London,
according to certen rates therin limyted, as in the faid Ires more at large appeareth ;
fo it is at this prefent, the workes of the fame churche, being one of the moft
notable of the monuments of this realme, which heatherto with greate diligence,
and like fucceffe, have bene profecuted, are now compelled to ceafe, fome part
of the roofe thereof to ftand bare and uncovered for want of leade, and prefent
money to fuftain the charges of fuche a worke, not only to the decay of the places
fo uncoverd, but alfo to fome note and fclaunder in the fighte of the worlde.
Thefe are therefore to require your LordShippe forthwithe with all diligence to
collecte all arearrages of the faide contribution remayning unpaide, and allfo to
fend up to the faid archbufshope a pfitte and pticuler booke of accompte for your
dioces, according to the instructions here under written, fo as the returne thereof
be made to the faid archbuShoppe at or before the firft day of Oct. next, and not
to faile ; not doubting but as yowe will be diligent to collecte the faide contribu
tion in your dioceffe, you will alfo liberaly contribute of your owne, to the goode
example of others, which is verie requisite. And we bid your LordShipe right
hartilie well to fare. From Grenewich, 27 June, 1563."
After prefcribing feveral orders for proceeding, the moft remarkable follows.
«' Item, that the BiShop fend an account to the ArchbiShop, at or before Oct. of his
whole dioceffe, with the names of all the dignitaries and clergy therein, with the
valuation of the fame, as they are taxed in the Book of Tenths or Subsidies, fo
as it may be underftood who are able to contribute and who are not, who have
paid and who not."
Signed, N. Bacon, CS. W. North, Arundeli,, Pembroke
R. Dudley, W. Haward, C.Rogers, J. Knowles,
Joms Mason *.
» From Coxe's Kegifter, Cole's MSS. in the Britifh Mufeurn, vol. XXVII. pp. 19, 20.
The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. <U
The frames of the roofs of the nave and choir were made in Yorkshire, and
brought thence by fea. The covering was of lead.
The Steeple never was rebuilt, though a part of the plan of repairs.
It would have been only reafonable to fuppofe the church of St. Paul's, thus
reftored, was a pattern for neainefs and cleanlinefs; on the contrary, very many
fhameful abufes were fuffered in it, one of which originated with the bell-ringers,
who permitted perfons to afcend into the tower, for money, where they amufed
themfelves by hallooing, and throwing down fmall ftones upon thofe who faun-
tered beneath *.
In the fummer of 1597 a dunghill of four cart-loads lay at the fteeple door
within the church. Drunkards and idlers were even indulged in laying and fleep-
ing upon the benches at the choir door.
1598. " We thinke it a verye neceffarye thinge that every quorifter Should
bringe with him to church a Teftament in English, and torne to every chapter
as it is dayly read, or fome other good and godlye prayer-booke, rather than
fpend theyr tyme in talke, and huntinge after fpurr-money, wheron they fet their
whole minds, and do often abufe dyvers, if they do not beftow fomewhat on them.''
Spur-money was an exaction from perfons who entered a cathedral booted and
fpurred -f-. The gentlemen of the choir were peremptory in their demand, and
threatened imprifonment in the choir for a night to all who refufed them
money. " In the upper quier wher the colon table dothe Stande ther is fuch unreverente
people, walking with their harts on ther heddes comonly all the fervice-tyme, no
man reproving them for yt."
, A little Simplicity and plain-fpeaking from the prefentment of John Ramfey:
" Yt is a greate diforder in the churche, that porters, butchers, and water-berers,
and who not ? be fuffered (in fpeciall in tyme of fervice) to carrye and recarrye
whatfoever, no man withftandinge them or gaynfayinge them, which is a greate
fcandalle to honefte-mynded men. And boyes (favinge your reverence) p — ge
upon ftones in the churche by St. Faithes doore, to Slide upon, as upon yffe, and
fo by that meanes maye hurte themfelves quicklye."
As the revenues of the different chauntries had been confifcated to the ufe of
the crown, and the priefts they fupported expelled from the church, the chapels
* This and the following fa&s are from the MS prefentments on visitations at St. Paul's.
f This cuftom is ftill obferved by the juvenile members of the Chapel Royal, and of foSie of the
country cathedrals. 1
K2 .of

72 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
of their founders were, according to the vergers Statement, Shamefully neglected ;
indeed the then dean and chapter appear to have forgot, that though they had
been ufed for very futile purpofes, they ftill were part of a building ufed for the
worShip of God.
Thofe in the chancel were dedicated to Our Lady, St. George, St. Dunftaa ;
one was erected by the Duke of Lancafter j and one was called the Dean's chapel.
In the nave were St. John's, Morning prayer, Long, St. Katharine's-, and
Kempe's chapels.
The windows were in general broken. St. George's was a receptacle for old
ftones, and a ladder. Long chapel received fir-poles and lumber, the rubbish
of the repair of 1566. 42 years had elapfed fince they were placed there.
St. Katharine's was ufed for a fchool room. A chapel, not named, next to Jefus
chapel, was let to a glazier for a workshop. Shade of Elizabeth ! how were thefe
things kept from your notice, when you vifited St. Paul's ? That you did not fee
them, I firmly believe.
The lord mayor and aldermen affembled every Sunday morning in St. Duii-
ftan's chapel before they went to hear the fermon.
Lancaster's chapel the refidentiaries ufed for a veftry.
Our Lady's, " not ufed, except in the parlement tyme, for the deane and
archedecons to fytt in for that tyme."
Part of the vaults under the church were occupied by Mr. Finch, a carpenter;
others the biShop and dean held ; thofe on the North Side were ufed by the minor
canons. " There is under the churche two upon the North fyde, and two upon
the South fyde, and the chauncell and quere is vaulted under all, and devyded
into dyvers parts by the paryShe of Faithes and petty canons. Thofe under the
church belonge unto the biShop, thofe under the chauncell to ye deane and
chapter." '* Wee find that a way hath bene cutt through the wall of St. Paules church
into an auncyent vault belonginge to the faid church, which containeth in breadth
12 foote, and in length 50 foote. This valte, wee conceive, was aunciently
employed for buryall of the deade, but is nowe ufed for a wine-cellar."
On the North Eaft fide of the church, Chriftopher Kendal and a widow
Lowndes had houfes, whofe cellars and a warehoufe were vaults of the church ;
the entrance was a window converted into a door. John Howe, verger, repre
fented, " that the fhrowdes and cloyfters under the convocation howfe (where not
longe fince the fermons in foule weather were wont to be preached) are made a
common

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 73
common layftall for boardes, trunks, and chefts, being lett oute unto trunk-
makers; where, by meanes of their daily knocking and noyfe, the church is
greatly disturbed."
We learn from this man's complaints that many encroachments then existed,
which were afterwards noticed by Inigo Jones. They are too numerous for this
work. But the houfe of Thomas China ftood againft the church. Mr. China had
a clofet in one of the rooms, four feet high, two deep, and two in width, which
were literally dug in the wall.
The houfe of John Gyles was partly formed by St. Paul's, and was "lately ufed
for a playhoufe."
The houfe of John Wheeler was not only built upon the foundation of the
church ; but they had contrived a way through a window into a part of the Steeple,
where Mr. Wheeler had a ware-room.
John Francis, not lefs ingenious, baked his bread and pies in an oven excavated
within a buttrefs. Thofe were on the South, fide.
More than twenty houfes had a fide formed by the church, whofe windows
were darkened, and walls fmoaked, in confequence. At the fame time the foun
dations were injured by houfes of office cut through them.
I am forry to find the reign of Elizabeth tarnished by the existence of thofe
execrable abufes, thofe inattentions to common decency. Her Majefty might
have paffed dirt and rubbifh which lay in corners ; but furely herfelf and her
minifters muft have feen thofe external excrefcences furrounding the metropolitan
church, and they certainly had power to remove them. The Queen came, faw,
but did not conquer. She died ; and they remained.
The church began by the time of James the Firft to be very ruinous through
out. This is readily accounted for. Enthufiafm and fuperftition , previous to the
Reformation, made every defcription of men liberal : they gave freely in offerings
and oblations to the different altars, and every nerve was exerted by the dignitaries
in obtaining gifts and bequefts, by indulgences and other means ; to which funis
they contributed largely themfelves ; and thus a fund was always ready for addi
tions, enrichments, and repairs. The Reformation enlightened Studious men ;
but the middling and lower orders wanted comprehension to appreciate the change
from a fplendid mode of worfhip to the Simplicity of the prefent forms. When
the altars were ftripped of their precious ftones, gold, Silver, and cloth of gold,
and they faw nothing in their places but a plain table covered only by a few yards of

74. CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
of velvet, all reverence for the Divinity was loft; and we find that they wandered
unconfcious upon the very platform of the altar, with their heads covered. This
muft not be fuppofed to be an argument againft the Reformation ; it was the
defect of education. If a man had dared to violate the chancel a few years
before (however ignorant), what would have been his punishment ? A dreadful
one ! Such a man deferved a horfewhip ; but it is better that an idiot Should
efcape all chaftifement than that our church Should perfecute. For thefe reafons
no fund for repairs had accumulated in the reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. and
Elizabeth. No reversions in Heaven were expected : therefore the multitude
turned their money into channels which procured mental peace. They had but
few ideas of external religion ; but the religion of the heart abounded, and was
demonstrated in foundations of charity before unthought-of.
It had been the practice from times long paft for the bifhop to protect and
repair the body of the church, and the dean and chapter the choir. For many
years the prelates and deans had annually expended more than double the fums
which were appropriated to dilapidation.
A very correct knowledge of the deplorable State of St. Paul's may be formed
from the enfuing eftimate for repairs in 1608, made by John Record and Richard
Smith, mafons, who had the affiftance of two fmiths, two carpenters, a bricklayer,
two plumbers, and two glaziers *.
For the choir -
The Steeple -
The nave and ailes -
The tranfepts -
The chapter-houfe -

£¦

s.

d.

1619

4

1

1 20 1 5

15

0

6891

l9

4

1647

4

5

361

l9

5

Total, 22536 2 3
" The Wefte ende of the church, with Lollards tower, and the tower next my
lord's houfe, on the Wefte fide, with the two turrets over the topp of the ftayre
**fes, will contyne, by eftimacion, 696 tunnes, and 5 foote of Stone, &c.
47851. 6s. 8d.
" The pavements in the bodie of the church will contyne, by eftimacion,
12,704 foot of ftone, 635 1. 4s.
* From the original at St Paul's.
"The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 75
f * The wall of the veftrie houfe, on the South fide of the quire, will conteyne
18 tunnes of Stone.
" The rounde tower over morninge prayer chappell will conteyne 10 tunnes of
Stone. " The fteeple is to be taken downe 33 foote, or thereaboute, and to bee made
Upp againe, and the fides of the fame to be repay red betweene the buttreffes,
which will conteyne 1032 tunnes of Stone. The five buttreffes for the fteeple will
conteyne 1850 tunnes of ftone.
" Ttie foote of two of the pillars of the fteeple are to be repayred, which will
conteyne 43 tunnes of ftone.
" The repayringe of the ftepps going upp to the fteeple will conteyne 25 tunnes
of ftone."
Five gradations of fcaffolds were required for the Steeple.
" For the carpenters' work on the roof of the long chapel on the North Eaft
fide, 96 feet long and 30 broad, 40I.
" There muft be at the Wefte ende 12 fcaffolds. Some of them muft be
150 foote longe apiece. 350I.
" The battlements from the fteeple to the Weft door were to be taken down,
and rebuilt with brick.
" For bars, cramps, dogs, and bolts of iron for the fteeple, 370I."
The tower was 5 1 feet in length from Eaft to Weft, and from North to South
50 feet; and the roof covered with lead " wee estimate to amounte aboute to
17 tunnes and 10 cwt. the caftinge thereof att i2d. the hundred; 50 cwt. of new
lead in addition, at 15s. 6d. ^r cwt. For fower workmen one moneth to eaft
and lay the fame, at 20 d. per day."
The North and South " mayne iles" are Stated to be each 120 feet long. From
the fteeple to Lollard's tower 240 feet."
The fum of 22,536k could not be obtained by any exertions of the biShop of
London and the dean and chapter, without the royal affiStance ; but the king
feemed indifferent to the State of St. Paul's.
A gentleman named Henry Farley is mentioned by Sir William Dugdale as
having been indefatigable in his endeavours to roufe the king to action, which
(after petitioning eight years) he accomplished.
In the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. L. p. 180, is a defcription of an old paint
ing on boards, which folded together, there faid to have been defigned or
invented

76 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
invented by the zealous Mr. Farley ; and this was one of the methods he adopted
to promote his grand object. The firft leaf introduced the king to St. Paul's ; but
the fecond is moft to our purpofe. At the bottom was infcribed : " A more,
veritate, et reverentia. So invented, and at my coSts, made for me, H. Farley,
1616. Wrought by John Gipkyn. Fyat voluntas Dei."
The church was reprefented without the fpire, and rooks flying over it ; against
the South wall of the nave a gallery, which contained the King, Queen, and
Prince, with infcriptions on pannels under each, of " Vive le Roy, Vive la Reine,
ViveTe Prince."
In another, to the left of the royal family, fat a group of ten bifhops, lords,
and ladies. Below this gallery was infcribed, " Mr. William Parker, citizen and
merchant taylor, gave 400 poundes towardes repaires of my windowes."
On the above ftood 12 choristers in furplices; and in a third gallery were the
mayor and aldermen of London. A crowd of citizens of both fexes fit 'before
St. Paul's crofs, a hexagon, which was covered with lead, and furmounted by a
large crofs ; a biShop preaches by an hour-glafs, with feveral perfons behind him,
and a verger at the fteps. A brick wall inclofed the pulpit, within which were
people taking notes of the fermon, their ink-horns laying on a ftep beneath the
preacher. An elderly man, feated near the crofs, is addreffed by a perfon bow
ing, " I pray, fir, what is the text ?" He anfwers, the 2d of Chronicles,
chap. xxiv. At the Weft door a coffer, " The offering cheft."
The houfes mentioned in another page are Shown with fmoaking chimneys. A
label adds, " Viewe, O Kirige, howe my wall-creepers
Have made mee worke for chimney-fweepers."
Another compartment reprefents the church repaired, and the houfes removed,
with the gallery adorned by the arms of England, London, and thofe of the Sees
of Canterbury and London. There are feveral other infcriptions, appropriate,
but not neceffary to this work.
The picture waspurchafed out of the rectory houfe of Lamborne, where it had
lain in a lumber-room near half a century, for two Jhillings , in 1780, by Mr. Web
fter, furgeon, of Chigwell, Effex. He fold it for fifteen guineas to Mr. Bridgen,
treafurer to the Society of Antiquaries ; who purchafed it of him for the fame fum,
and it is placed in their library. It

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 77
It muft be acknowledged, that, when James did undertake the work, he pro
ceeded with alacrity and judgment. As a preliminary, he went on horfeback,
in great State, on Sunday, March 26, 1620, to the church, attended by a nume
rous train of courtiers, and the lord mayor, Sir William Cockain. On entering
die Weft door, the king kneeled, and pronounced a prayer for the fuccefs of the
undertaking. Thence he proceeded under a canopy held by the dean and three
refidentiaries, accompanied by the clergy and others Singing, to the choir ; which
was adorned with fome of his own rich tapeftry, or hangings. After an anthem had
been fung, his majefty went to St. Paul's crofs, where a fermon was preached by
Dr King, biShop of London, from a well-chofen text, the 13th and 14th verfes
of D omine exaudi, Pfalm cii. " Thou Shalt arife, and have mercy upon Sion ; for
it is time that thou have mercy upon her : yea, the time is come. And why ?
Thy fervants think upon her ftones ; and it pitieth them to fee her in the duft."
When the fermon was concluded, the King accompanied , the bifhop to his
palace, where a fumptuous repaft concluded the ceremony. On the 16th of
November following, a royal commiffion was iffued for profecuting the repairs.
A number of moft refpectable perfons named in the commiSfion, after mature
confideration, recommended a general fubfcription through the kingdom. Some
fatality paralyfed every effort : fums of money were received, and ftone provided ;
b.ut the former was wafted, and the latter mifapplied. The Duke of Buckingham
borrowed part for the Water-gate at York houfe. Every arrangement became
fityarranged, and confufion prevailed, till Laud was elevated to the fee of London.
This prelate immediately exerted himfelf, and fuccefsfully, for the neglected
unfortunate St. Paul's. Charles the Firft purfued his father's example, and iffued
his letters, directed o many eminent perfons as commiffioners for the repairs,
recommending every honourable expedient for procuring of fubfcriptipns and
bequefts, which were to be paid into the city chamber.
Entreaties and perfuafion entered every county, and folicitations were poured
upon cities, towns, and corporate bodies; nor were the clergy lefs affiduous.
The prelate addreffed his diocefe, and the incumbents entreated their pa
rifhioners. Dr. Corbet, biShop of Norwich, wrote to his clergy in a Stile impreflive,
whimfical, benevolent, and fatirical : but he Shall fpeak for himfelf*.
* Harl. MSS. No. 750*
Vol. III. L " St.

73 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
" St. Paul's church ; ohe word in ye behalfe of St. Paul, he hath fpoken many
in ours : he hath raifed our inward temples, lett us help to requite him in his
outward. Wee admire comonly thofe things wch are oldeft and gre-ateft ; old
monuments, and high buildings, do affect us above meafure : and what ye reafon ?
Becaufe what is oldeft cometh neereft God for antiquity ; and what is greateft,
comes neareft his works for fpacioufnefs and magnitude : fo that in honouring thefe
we honour God, whom old and great do feem to imitate. Should I commend
Paul's to you for the age, it were worth your thought and admiration. A thoufand
years, though it Should fall now, were a pretty climacterical. See the bignefs, and
your eye never yet beheld fuch a goodly object. It's worth the reparation, though
it were but for a land-mark : but, beloved, it's a church, and confecrated to God.
From Charles to Ethelbert {he hath been the joy of princes. It was once dedicated
to Diana (at leaft fome part of it) ; but the idolatry lafted not long. And fee a
myftery in the change ; St. Paul confuting twice the idol ; there in perfon, where
the cry was, ' Great is Diana of the Ephefians ;' and here by proxie, Paul inftalled,
where Diana is thruft out. It did magnify the creation, it was taken out of
darknefs ; light is not the clearer for it, but Stronger and more wonderful ; and it
doth beautify this church, becaufe it was taken from pollution. The ftones are
not the more durable, but the happier for it. It is worthy the Standing for the
age, the time fince it was built, and for the Structure, fo Stately an edifice it is :
it is worthy to ftand for a memorial of it from which it is redeemed, but chiefly
¦for his houfe that dwells therein. We are bound to, do it, for the fervice fake
that is done in it. Are we not beholden to it, every man, either to the body, or
the choir ; for a walk, or a warbling note ; for a prayer, or a thorough-path ?
Some way or other, there is a topick may make room for your benevolence.
" It hath twice fuffered martyrdom ; and both by fire, in the time of Henry VI.
and the 3d of Elizabeth.
" St. Paul complained of Stoning twice, his church of firing : Stoning She wants
indeed, and a good Stoning would repair her.
" St. Faith holds her up, I confefs. Oh that works were fainted to keep her up
right ! The firft way of building churches was by way of benevolence ; but then
there needed no petition : men came on fo faft that they were commanded to be
kept back; but repairing now needs petition. Benevolence was a fire once had
need to be quenched ; it is a fpark now, and needs blowing on it ; blow it hard,
and put it cut.
" Some

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 79
" Some petitions there are, for pulling down of fuch an ifle, or changing lead
for thack * : lb far from reparation, that our fuit is to demolifh. If to deny this
be perfecution, if to repair churches be innovation and'popery, I'll be of that
religion too.
" I remember a tale in Henry Stevens, in his Apology for Herodotus, or in
fome of the Colloquies of Erafmus, which would have us believe, that times were
fo depraved in popery, that all ceconomical difcipline was loft by obferving the
oecumenical ; that if an ingenious youth would alk his father's bleffing, he muft
firft get a difpenfation, and have a licence from the bifliop.
" Believe me when I match this tale with another. Since Chriftmas, I was
fued to (and I have it under the hands of the minifter and the whole parifh) that
I would give way to the adorning of the church within and without, to build a
ftone-wall about the church-yard which till now had but a hedge. I took it for
a fiout at firft, but it proved a fuit indeed ; they durft not mend a fault of forty
years old, without a licence. Churchwardens, though they fay it not, yet I doubt
me moft of them think it, that foul fpirits in the Gofpel faid, " O thou bifliop,
or chancellor, what, art thou come to torment us before our time, that all is come
down to the ground ?" The truth went out once in this phrafe, " Zelus domus tuae
exedit offa mea ;" but now, vice verfd, it is " Zelus meus exedit domum tuam." I
hope I gall none here.
" Should Chrift fay that to us now which he faid once to the Jews, " Deftroy
this temple, and in three days I will build it up again ;" we would quickly know
his meaning not to be the material temple. Three years can fcarce promoove
three foot.
' ' I am verily perfwaded, were it not for the pulpit and the pews, (I do not now .
mean the altar and the font for the two facraments but for the pulpit, and the
Stools as you call them), many churches had been down that ftand. Stately
pews are now become tabernacles, with rings and curtains to them. There wants
nothing but beds to hear the word of God on : we have cafements, locks, and
keys, and cushions, I had almoft faid bolsters and pillows ; and for thofe we love
the church. I will not guefs what is done within them ; who Sits, Stands, or lies
afleep, at prayers, communion, &c. but this I dare fay, they are either to hide
fome vice, or to proclaim one ; to hide diforder, or to proclaim pride.
* Straw or thatching.
L 2 "In

go CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
u In all other contributions juftice precedes charity. For the king, or for poor,
as, you are rated, you muft give and pay; it is not fo in benevolence., Here
Charity rates herfelf. Her gift is arbitrary, and her law is the confcience. He
that Stays till I perfwade him, gives not all his own money: I give half that have
procured it. He that comes perfwaded gives his own ; but takes off more than he
brought, God paying ufe for nothing. But now comes your turn to fpeak, or
God in you by your hands; for fo he ufeth to fpeak many times by the hands of
Mofes and Aaron, and by the hands of Efay and Ezekiel, and by the hands of
you his minor prophets. Now profper, O Lord ! the works of thefe hands,
O profper thou our handy- work ! — Amen."
The fubfcriptions received are particularized in large vellum books, which
ftand in a prefs, over the Dean's veftry, St. Paul's. Sir William Dugdale has
made copious extracts from them ; and for that reafon I decline doing the fame.
The total amount was 101,330!. 4s. 8d.
The effential Stimulus received, the repairs were begun in 1633, under the
direction of an architect whofe powers were fully equal to the talk. How he
exerted them, fliall be Shown hereafter. The celebrated Inigq Jones cleared his
way by taking down fome of the obstructions noticed in pages 72, 73 ; paling-in the
church-yard; and by caufing the fermons to be preached within the choir, inftead
of at the crofs ; for he was directed to begin at the South Eaft corner, and pro
ceed Weftward. The firft ftone was laid by biShop Laud ; the fecond by
Sir Francis Windebanke, fecretary of State ; the third by Judge Martin ; and the
fourth by Jones *.
When the architect dug the foundation for his portico, he found the earth in
many places loofe, and unfit to fuftain fo great a weight. In fome parts arches
were turned, and in others the ground was rammed two feet in depth, to remedy
thofe defects. A great deal of old ftone from the Eaft end of the church was ufed
in the bafement. The pillars confifted of fix ftones each, from the bafe to the
capitals. Six pieces of aShler, for the lower parts of the columns, weighed 38
tons, and coft 26s. fer ton. Nine capitals weighed 105 tons; and four architraves
38 tons, at 30s. per ton.
The carvers of the capitals and enrichments had 3s. per day.
* Hiftory of St. Paul's. Enoch

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 8,
Enoch Wyatt was employed Sixteen days on the model of a vaft Statue for the
North fide (perhaps the pediment of the tranfept) ; for which he received 49s. 6d.
, but it was never ufed.
The pedeftal for the crofs at the Weft end of the church weighed 15 tons.
A cramp of iron, 63 feet in length, was made for Strengthening the Weft end
and North fides in the gallery. This, and another for the oppofite corner, weighed
near a ton, and coft 4d. per pound.
The following articles are from the accounts for Auguft 1637.
" Paid to John Williams, for lighteridge of 43 tuns and f of white marble,
from Tower wharfe to Paul's wharfe, at xn d. the tunne.
" Mem. that this white marble was provided at Genoa, by the direction of
Sir William Curteine, knt. deceafed, and fince his death brought into England,
and delivered at the Tower wharfe, by his fonne William Curteine, efq. at his
owne cofts and charges, and by him freely given, to bee emploied in the worke
of the Weft end of the cathedral of St. Paul, in London."
Zachary Taylor had 39 s. 9d. for carving the patterns of the enrichments of the
great marble door cafe, and for thofe of the leffer doors 13 s. 6 d. after the defigns
of Inigo Jones.
Great part of the ftone ufed in thofe confiderable works was dragged up the
hill from Paul's wharf on carriages drawn by capfterns, a tedious and dangerous
method of proceeding.
The rubbifh removed on laying the foundation of the portico was conveyed to
Clerkenwell fields, where fome curious fragments of antiquity may ftill remain.
Nine years were paffed in the profecution of the repairs ; -and they had it in
contemplation to rebuild the pillars of the tower, in order to obtain fufficient fup
port for a ftone fpire. The fcaffolds were prepared; but the year 1642 intro
duced events inimical to order, religion, and domeftic peace. Repairing ceafed,
and the accelerated ruin of St. Paul's commenced.
Sir Paul Pinder, eminent in piety and charity, and ever ftudying the advantage
bf his fellow-citizens, contributed moft generoufly to the reparation and embellifh-r
ment of this venerable building, by prefenting the commissioners with 4000I. for
the completion of the South tranfept. The fcreen on the platform, above the
fteps leading to the choir, had received much damage at various periods. Such
of the pillars as had been removed, or were decayed, he replaced with others of
black marble ; and filled the niches with ftatues of the Saxon kings, who were
founders

82 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
founders and benefactors. On the Side next the choir Sir Paul reftored thofe
angels whofe niches were vacant ; and added many rich carvings which he had a$
richly gilded. This worthy man completed his gifts by a prefent of hangings for
the upper end of the choir.
We have now arrived at that deteftable Sera which added bigotry to civil diffen-
fion ; and St. Paul's fuffered under its lain, unexampled in feverity. The act for
the abolition of biShops, deans, and chapters, deprived the church of its legal
guardians ; and the feizure, in 1643, OI" a^ ^ revenues, robbed it of every
profpect of fupport, even if the infatuated Parliament had not (in addition) taken
to their own ufe the funds for repairs, and materials of every defcription.
Dr. Burges received 400I. per annum from the revenues, as the preacher of a
weekly lecture. Part of the materials were given to the parifhioners of St. Gre
gory's, whofe church had been taken down, in order that they might rebuild it.
The fcaffolds went to the foldiers of Colonel Jephfon's regiment,, for arrears of
pay, amounting to 1 746I. 15 s. 8d. * ; and the overplus to thofe who were fortu-^
nate enough to enjoy parliamentary patronage.
Now " the dogs of war" cry havocfc; foldiers break down the Stalls, tear the
ftones from the pavement, and monumental braffes from the Stones, deftroy
tombs, dig faw-pits in the hallowed earth, and divide their fpoils with the rend
ing faw. To complete the catalogue of impieties, fee St. Paul's a Stable, and a
barrack for dragoons ! Danger feems to have had no terrors for thofe valiant men,
who dared to remove the fcaffolds and frames which fupported the arches of the
South tranfept. How they efcaped when the ftones fell, is almoft as wonderful as,
their folly. Strange as it may appear, while one part of this church was ufed in
the infamous manner defcribed, another received the elect for the purpofes of
prayer and preaching. This was the Eaft end, and part of the choir, feparated
by a brick wall. The congregation entered through one of the North windows,
converted into a door. The portico, erected after a defign by Inigo Jones, ,met
with treatment equally injurious, but profitable to the ufurping owners. Shops
were built within it, and commodities fold by the tenants of every defcription j
but, that the Monarchs who had endeavoured to reftore St. Paul's might not fee
thofe facrilegious intrusions, even by their marble proxies on the baluftrade,. they
were thrown down and demolished. * Hiftory of St. Paul's.
At

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. S3
At length the Reftoratipn of Charles^II. checked this torrent of debafement, and
the regular government of the church recommenced. The dean and chapter
(fully feilfible of the neceffity of cleanfing this Augean Stable) employed perfons
.immediately to perform the taik. Through their direction, the Eaft end of the
church, and one arch of the choir, were furnished with Stalls, and other appen
dages for the cathedral fervice ; but they had it not in their power to complete the
repair without liberal affiftance. This the king readily granted, and added his.
letters patent, dated April 18, 1663, appointing commiffioners to fuperintend the
arduous undertaking. Subfcriptions were once more folicited, received, and the
repairs were commenced on the firft of Auguft in the fame year.
I have minutely examined the original books, authenticated by the Signatures
of the acting commiffioners, from which I felected every curious particular
illustrative of the Situation of the church at the period above mentioned.
Sir John Denham, Knight of the Bath, received 6 s. 8d. per diem as furveyor-
general of the works. It is recorded to his honour, and that of John Webb, efq.
his aSfiftant, that they would not accept of wages " for new-making the hip of the
South end of the roofe, where it was cutt away and fpoiled, and where a houfe
was lately erected againft St. Gregory's church fteeple, and lately pulled downe.''
Thofe gentlemen found it neceffary to erect " a fence on the infide of the greate
North doore, to hinder the concourfe of rude people from running into the
church, when the dores were opened for ringing St. Faith's parifh bell." They
then proceeded to remove the houfes mentioned in pages 72, 73, and others built
againft various parts of the church during the interregnum. Two were on the
South fide, feven between the North tranfept and the Weft end. Two ftood in
the North Eaft angle, or St. Paul's Crofs yard, a " great markett howfe," and a
long building under the North wall : four in the North Weft angle, and four on
the Eaft and Weft fides of the great North gate. A carpenter had his lumber
yard at the little South door. All thofe houfes had cellars dug through the
manfions of the dead, Thefe were filled with the rubbifh of the fallen roof of the
South tranfept.
One charge will ferve as an illuftration of the State of the portico: " Car- l
penters employed in taking downe a high houfe in the North angle in the porti
co, which hindred the mafons from repairing that parte of it." The bafes of the
marble door-cafes were injured by fires made againft them. The capitals, cor
nices,

U CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
nices, pilafters, and pillars, bad received fo much damage, that fculptors and
mafons were employed for many months in repairing them.
Thofe fruitlefs labours were continued, with laudable perfeverance, till the fatal
3d of September 1666; by which period 3586I. 5s. id. had been expended.
After having fuftained feveral repulfes, Fire, the destroying angel of St. Paul's,
returned to the affault armed with all its terrors. View it making rapid approaches,
revolving, as the orb of day revolves, to the Weft ; feizing upon its unprotected
victim Eaft, North, and South ; rufhing through windows and doors ; preying
upon its vitals ; loofening and undermining the venerable ailes, till the maffy roof
cracks, and ruShes in thunder to the pavement ; which yielding, the whole is
precipitated to the native earth, where it is cemented by torrents of liquified lead.
This conqueft atchieved, " the floods of fire" rolled onward, confuming all
before them, leaving the glowing ruins ftill great and majeftie, amidft the aShes
of London.
The fpectator, tottering with wearied fteps, enters upon his melancholy
furvey, wandering between walls half pulverifed, half vitrified, dreading the
frown of each tottering fragment, and at length reaches the chapel of the blefled
Virgin. There his appalled eye finks at once into an abyfs of darknefs, choaked
with ftones, duft, monuments, and the. dead. There, mixed with the chaos of
his church, he finds the biShop Braybrooke dried to the confiftence of a mummy,
his mufcles and SleSh hardened to the true refemblance of leather ; and with him
other bodies in the fame State of prefervation. But let us leave this un-
pleafant retrofpect.
To proceed regularly in detailing the occurrences which followed the fire,
it will be neceffary to mention that every fact has been extracted, with unwearied
labour, from the well-preferved volumes of the commiffioners, and thofe of the
treafurer and furveyor. For the indulgence of the Dean and Chapter, I again feel
grateful ; and once more beg them to receive my thanks.
The firft meeting recorded in the order book of the commiSfioners for repairing
the church was on the 15th of January 1667-^8 ; and in the lord chamberlain's
lodgings at Whitehall ; prefent the ArchbiShop of Canterbury, the Lord Chamber
lain, the Bifhops of Winchefter and Ely, Sir Richard Chaworth, the Dean of
St. Paul's, and Dr. Pory. After a melancholy exordium, they agreed that fuch
was the deplorable State of the cathedral, " the whole Eafte parte being under
greater defolation than the reft, not onely the tymber roofe being burnt, and the
ftone

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 85
ftone vaults above for the greatest parte thrown down, and the outwalk there
weakned more than in Other places; but the very inner walls and pillars between
the choir andTNorth aile being fallen alfo (and thofe on the South fide in great
danger) and in theire fall haveing broken open the vaults into St. Faith's church."
What could be done with a building in this ftate but rebuild it ? And yet the
commiffioners then thought it poffible to reftore it, and to begin by repairing a
part leaft injured, for the choir to be complete by the enfuing fummer. This was
found to be "the body Of the church between the Weft end and the fecond
pillars, above the little North and South dores." Six commiffioners, appointed
from the whole number, were to fuperintend the work. It- appears from a fuc-
ceeding order, that Sheds and Shops had been erected by the wretched inhabi
tants of the neighbourhood within the church-yard, and even againft the falling
walls. Dr. Sancroft, dean, Edward Woodroff, and John Tillifon, gentlemen, were
named as a fub-committee, on the 5th of March, to make purchafes, " and con-
duet all matters relating to workmen and their wages." At the third meeting, on
the 25th of July, a letter was read from the king, which informed the commif
fioners, that the ruins had been examinedby experienced workmen, who found
the 'Walls in fo dangerous a ftate, that they " were judged altogether infufficient
for bearing another roof, or any new work."
His majefty then proceeds to order the old wall to be taken down to the foun
dation, of the Eaft end; " the old ehoire and the tower to be replaced with a
c* new c'hbir of a faire and decent fabrick, near or Upon the old foundaeons ; and
alfo that care be taken to preferve the cornices, afhlers, and fuch other parts of
the former work towards the Weft, as Shall be deemed ufefull for the new fabrick,
leaft they be' fpoiled by the fall of more of the walls,; which feeme to threaten
immediate -mine."
At the meeting of the 3d of Auguft the commiffioners ordered, in purfuance
of his majefty's directions, that the. destruction of the parts mentioned Should
immediately Commence ; and that Sir John Denham, knight of the Bath, furveyor
generalof his majefty's works, Leolin Jenkins, LL. D. judgeof the high court of
admiralty, Dr. Saricroft, Dr. Pory, Dr. Done, residentiary, and Chriftopher
Wren, LL. D. Savilian profeffor of aftrohomy, Oxford, Should, be a fub-com
mittee to carry their orders into effect. '
Vol. III. M. Aug.

86 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Aug. 1 8. The King informed the commiffioners/ that the lower part of Fleet-
Street, near the bridge, was to be raifed, and quays or wharfs erected, which
required " hard and fubftantiall matter." He therefore requefts that all the " ftony
rubbifh," unfit for the intended church, Should be taken to the above place, and
triers requisite, where no other materials were to be ufed. On the 25th of
Auguft the lord mayor, Peak, and court of aldermen, appointed Sir Thomas
Bludworth, Sir Richard Ford, Sir Samuel Starling, Sir George Waterman, and
Sir Robert Hanfon, to treat with the dean and committee for the rubbish.
1668, Dec. 2. Orders were iSfued for auditing accounts. From thofe we find
JoShua Marfhall to have been mafter mafon.
From the 23d of March 1664, to Sept. 14, 1668, 5927I. 9s o|d. had been
received of Sir Thomas Player, chamberlain of London, for repairs and taking
down the church. This money was honourably accounted for by Hugh May, efq.
paymaster, and John Tillifon.
1669, July 30. Dr. Wren was unanimously chofen furveyoD-general of the
repairs of St. Paul's,, on the deceafe of Sir John Denham.
At the fame time Mr. May received a prefent of 50I. for his affiduity; and
Thomas King, efq. M. P. had the fame fum, as a recompence for the lofs of the
office pf receiver of arrears of impropriations (afterwards given to the church.
by the king), to which he had been appointed by a committee of the houfe of
commons. The following addrefs to the committee of commiffioners is a proof that, how
ever we may complain of the contracted paffages near the metropolitan church,
the antient edifice was ftill more confined.
1 67 1, Aug. 31. " May it pleafe your LordShipps, a parcell of ground belong
ing to Mr. Kirke, tenant to my lord of London, lying on the North fide of the
porticoe of St. Paul's, and adjoining thereunto within fix foote, was adjudged by
all perfons foe inconvenient, that, befides the narrownefs of the paffage, noe foun-
dacon could ever be dug, and fcaffolding placed for the new fabrick ; and, by
reafon of the nearnefs of thefe howfes, this was the place from whence the church
firft took fire." In confideration of which, they agreed with the biShop and his
tenant, that 755 fuperficial feet of earth fhould be added to the church ground
for 189I. 5 s. ; figned by the fub-committee.
1671, Dec. 13. Sir George Waterman, lord mayor, granted permiffion for
fencing-in the ftreet before the Eaft end,, to prevent accidents to paffengers in
taking

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 87
taking it down. By this time the timber provided for the intended roof had
begun to decay, and the ftone and rubbifh of the walls had fo much increafed
that the labourers were at a lofs where to throw it. The commiffioners therefore
ordered that the fmalleft Portland ftones, chalk, rubble, and timber, Should be
fold, for the rebuilding.of parochial churches, but no other purpofe ; and the ragg-
ftone for paving.
1672, Dec. 16. Sir Chriftopher Wren had prepared plans for the new church,
which were Shewn to the King. On this day the commiffioners were informed
that that of the prefent church had the preference, and that the King had ordered
a model to be erected large enough to admit a man within it ; upon which they
directed the chapter-houfe to be roofed, cieled, and glazed, as a receptacle for
the model.
1674, May 11. At Lambeth palace. Previous to this period his majefty's
commiffion had been iffued for rebuilding the church, dated Nov. 12, 1673.
The commiffioners ordered it to be printed.
1674, June 4. They met at London houfe ; when, it having been confidered
that the new commiffion fuperfeded the old, Sir Chriftopher Wren and Edward
Woodroff were re-appointed furveyor and affiftant, and Mr. J. Tillifon clerk of
the works, at their former falaries.
Thomas Dickefis, clerk of the works to the biShop of London, confidered him
felf entitled to the latter office, in right of his Situation with Dr. Henchman ; but
the commiffioners reprefenting to him that it applied only to the repairs of the
church when Standing, and not to a building to be erected, he fubmitted to thi&
definition. 1675, May 14. The King again addreffed the committee, commanding them
to commence the work, according to the" defign he had felected, at the Eaft end,
for a choir; for which purpofe a fum had been received from the duty on coals
(exprefsly levied for the rebuilding St. Paul's and other churches *), fufficient to
carry it on «' in great forwardhefs." On the 19th of May they affembled at the
lord keeper's chambers in the houfe of lords, from whence orders were iffued, that
* The firft aft of parliament for the duty on coals was pasffed in 1670 for as. per chaldron, to remain
jn force till 1677 ; the enfuing ten years 3s. per chaldron., one-fourth of the receipts for St. Paul's ;
the fecond z&, from 1687 till 1700, is. 6d. per chaldron, two-thirds to St. Paul's > the third aft,
from 1700 to 1708, at is. per chaldron, two-thirds to St. Paul's; and the fourth adt, from 1708 to
1716, 2s. per children ; all fpr St. Paul's.
Ma the

88 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL:
the furveyor, with his affiftants ' and officers, Should immediately ' fe'tt out the
ground, and caufe the foundacon to be laid1 of To much' of that defigne as lies Eaft
of the ctipola, or tower ; and purfue the work with all diligence, fo long as the
feafon of the year will permit."
May 25. Afub-committee was -appointed, to fuperintend the works. They were
Sir Thomas Chicheley, Sir Charles Harbord, Sir Philip Warwick, and Sir Leolin
Jenkins, Thomas Exton, LL.D. Sir Richard Ford, Sir Jofeph Sheldon, Sir
Chriftopher Wren, the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, &c. &c. This meeting-
was held in the matter's apartments at the Charter-houfe.
June 1 8. The commiffioners agreed to meet on the firft Thurfday of every
month, and appointed a Standing committee to affemble in the chapter or London
houfes> every Thurfday.
1675, June 21. The firft ftone of the prefent church of St; Paul was laid by
Thomas Strong, mafon, and the fecond by Mr. Longland.
Aug. 5. Many falutary orders were iffued : for instance, " That no provifions
be made, except by warrant from the furveyor, to be entered in a book, and
produced by the receiver. The affiftant fo provide articles to be procured without
travelling, according to the furveyor's warrant; to examine every thing brought
in, in order to decide whether they were fuch as the contract fpecified ; and then
deliver them to the clerk of the works, after they had been entered on his.books.
The clerk of the works to place each receipt, " by meafttre, weight, or tale,"
in fafety, entering the articles as received in a book ; " that fo the purveyor' and
he may be check upon one another; and the furveyor, by the registry of his
warrants, check upon them both." .>
Oct. 7. Sir Chriftopher Wren's falary was fixed at 200 1. per annum: < 1
Dec. 2. " The arrears due upon fubfcriptions made in 1664, by many noble'
perfons of the higheft quality, for and towards the work at St. Paul's, being by the
commiffioners obferved to rife very high ;" they requested " the dean Of St. Paul's
forthwith to take care that (as foon as may be) application may be made to all fo in
arrears ; that their original fubfcriptions be Shewed them, together with the bill of
arrears drawn upon the fame; and that they be humbly defired to declare what
they refolve to do thereupon."
Mr. John Oliver was this day appointed affiftant furveyor, in place of Mr.
Woodroff, deceafed. The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 89
The Commiffioners received 8ool. the legacy of Laud, archbifhop of Canter
bury, by half-yearly installments of 200I. from Sir John Robinfon.
Charles II. iffued his grant of Portland ftone, dated Feb. 21, in the 28th year
of his reign; upon which the commiffioners authorifed the dean and chapter to
appoint Thomas Knight their agent in the Ifle of Portland, who was to demand a
duty of 4d. per ton for all ftone raifed there for any other purpofes than rebuilding
St. Paul's, or for the King's works. Mr. Knight carried with him a very polite
letter of recommendation from the mayor and corporation of London, directed to
the mayor and corporation of Weymouth, entreating their countenance and affift-
ance, and promising a return of civility when an opportunity offered.
The piers,, ways, and cranes, were maintained at the commiffioners expence.
1676, Sept. 14. The commiffioners iffued an addrefs, or order, to the feveral
biShops, Strongly recommending contributions from themfelves, and procuring
fubfcriptions within their diocefes. How this and other applications were received
by their lordfhips may be perceived from the following letters, which were all I
could find in the archives of St. Paul's.
" May it pleafe your Lordfhip, Your Lordfhip's letter concerning the rebuild
ing of Paul's I lately received ; and having not been called upon for foe many
yeares for that which I fubfcribed towards that worke, I fuppofed that fome more
effectual courfe had been thought upon, for the advanceing of moneys towards foe
chargeable a Structure. The extreme expences which I have been at he^ 0£
above 2000I. in repairing of houfes, and 1000I. in building a new chappell, which
was finished but the laft yeare, hath put me out of a capacity to lay downe foe
much money at the prefent ; but I will take care very fpeedily to returne iool.
into the chamber of London, and I Shall make all the hafte I can to' come out of
.this debt, after my next audit; which, by the flacknes of tenants paying their
rents., is come to be in January, whereas heretofore it ufed to be in November.
I Should at the prefent have returned fomething more, but that the next weeke
after I received your lordShip's letter I received a tetter from the warden of the
college whereof I was fellow, earnestly defiring my affiftanee in fome work that
they are there about, which I am not willing to decline, and unto which I muft
give a fpeedy anfwer. I remaine your lordShip's moft affectionate brother and^
humble fervant, Ed. NorwicV
May 12, 1673. Edward

SO CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Edward Reynolds was the 59th biShop of Norwich, to which fee he was elevated
in 1660. On the 18th of December following, the date of his letter, he paid iool.;
and on the 20th of the fame month 60I. ; in March 1675-6, 120I. ; and in Dec.
1676, 160L; in full of hisTubfcription ; in all 440L
- " My very good Lord, I have perufed the encloSed order and direction of his
majefties commiffioners for the rebuilding of St. Paul's, and fhall effectually pur
fue the fame within my diocefe, and other parts of my jurifdiction ; and your
lordShip Shall have a particular account thereof in fome Short time.
"By the tenor of the commiffion, I conceive either your lordfhip, or other
the corniffioners, moft proper to comunicate this affayr to the reft of my brethren
ye biShops ; and the rather, becaufe it relates to both provinces ; and. your lord
fhip is efpecially thereby entrusted with the return, and the commiffioners with
the examination of if: but, if my name Shall be thought neceffary, I Shall write
unto your lordShip according to the ufual manner, and Shall be moft ready to
contribute what other ¦afliftance I can that may conduce either to the execution
or expedition of fo laudable a defigne. In the mean time, I am my lord, ydux
lerdfhip's very affectionate friend and brother, Guilb. Cant.
Croydon, Sept. 1, 1676.
" I received the endoled from the biShop of Worcefter juft now. What ufe
may be iiade of the information I know not, but am affined that your lordShip
,.'iil improve it to the churches beft advantage, if there be any convenient oppor
tunity." This prelate furvived the writing of the above letter but one year. Gilbert
Sheldon was translated to Canterbury in 1663, from the fee of London. His fub-
fcription to the repair and rebuilding of St. Paul's amounted to 2000I.
" Rev. Sir, Being ignorant of many particulars, the knowledge whereof might
enable me fo returne a pofitive anfwer to your letter ; I crave leave to refpite that,
untill I may have the opportunity of waiting on you at London, which poffibly
may be very fpeedily, and canot probably be very long. In the meane time, I
heartily rejoyce in the happy progrefs of that glorious worke ; and although (as I
conjecture by fome expressions in yours) I may not be able to anfwer the expecta- '
tion of others, I fhall take care to fatisfy myfelf, in the difcharge of what I, Shall"
conceive

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. _¦
conceive to be my duty in this matter ;' and Shall ever endeavour to behave my
felf, as I am, your moft affectionate brother, and moft faithfull, and humble
fervant, Seth Sarum."
Sept. 23, 1676.
Seth Ward, 76th biihop of Salisbury, was translated to that fee in 1667, from
Exeter, on the 4th of June 1678. — 240 1. is placed oppofite his name, as his fub-
fcription. " Right honourable and my very good Lord, Oft. 16, i6j6.
" In obedience to an order from his majeftyes commiffioners for y* building of
St. Paul's, bearing date the 14 7-ber laft paft, which came to my hands the 3d
of this month ; I have fent your lordfhip the enclofed accompt of all fuch fufnes
of moneys as have beine gathered, by the chancellors of Landaffe and their
officialis fince yc yeare 1663. I have called the furrogate and ye regifters before
me, and have with them examined the books of collection, out of which I have
extracted this accompt, which I have fent to your tip ; your lop will finde that
from ye yeare 1663, till 1672, wee have noe accompt of what moneys was
receaved by way of comutation (for penance) ; and ye reafon is, becaufe in ye which
tyme, Sir Thomas Crofts was chancellor, who difpofed of what money as was
gathered, or kept them for his own ufe, for to this day there is noe accompt how
or for what ufe he difpofed of any fumes ; neither would he ever fuffer yc biShops
in his tyme to have any cognizance about ye difpofall of any moneys which he
receaved for comutation, as I am credibly informed.
"Since his deceafe, Dr. Richard Lloyd was made chancellor (y' was, as I thinke,
in the yeare 1672). From y' tyme your tip hath a perfect accompt of all y\fums
y* were receaved for yt. Ye prefent chancellor, Dr. Lloyd (whofe proceedings in
this, as well as. in all other affayres relating to his place in ye church of Landaffe,
are noble and prayfeworthy), did not difpofe of any moneys receaved for comuta-
tions, but hath left them in ye hands of yb register ; from whome I receaved eight:
pound ten Shillings, which I will returne to London to be payd to your treafurer,
as foone as I have but your tip's commands for yt ; and in ye meane tyme I heartily
cornend your tip to the efpeciall protection of ye Allmighty God ; and remaine,
right honourable, your tip's humble fervant to comand,
William Landaffe." William

9* CATHEDRAL OF ST, PAUL.
William Lloyd was the 75th biShop of Landaff^ and promoted to that fee in
1675 ; whence, he was afterwards tranfiated to Peterborough.
" My Lord, Thorp, Nov. 8, 1676.
" I received 'lately from your lordfhip, and other bifhops, his majefties com
miffioners for the rebuilding of St. Paul's, a letter five weeks after the date,
with a copy of his majefties commands concerning commutations, which is the
firft notice that either myfelf, or any of mine officers, have had thereof. What
moneys have been heretofore received upon that accompt have been difpofed of
to other pious and charitable ufes. Of late they have been very inconsiderable ;
and fo I fuppofe they will be for the future, on the men's part; for, if they be not
grown more honeft, they are grown at leaft more cunning, and more bold, to
outface the ecclefiaftical courts, by denying the fact, when they are prefented,
and charged with it, upon public fame ; being not Hable to be put to their pur
gation, fince the oath ex officio was taken away.
" If any thing of moment Shall happen for the future, we fhall be careful to
tee his majefties pleafure duly performed. There is another thing of, much more
confideration, for the advancing of that work ; viz. . the fubfcriptions which were
made ten or eleven years fince, which, if they had been duly called for in time,
might have come to fome good accompt, and fo perhaps may yet; though I
doubt many of them are irrecoverably loft.
" My letter, in anfwer to your lordShip's of Oct. 10, I hope, came fafe to your
hands. I am ever, your lordShip's devoted friend, Rich. Ebor.
Richard Stern, the jz-d archbifhop of York, was translated from the fee of
Carlifle to that of York in 1664,. which he held till 1683.
"My Lord, Chefter, Otf. 21, 1676.
" I have received a letter from y= commissioners for y' rebuilding of Paul's, in.
which Iatn. defired forthwith to make a certificate to your lordShip. Leaft, there
fore, I fhould be thought to be negligent in a buftneffe of fo great concerne, I give
your lordShip now notice y* it muft needes be fome time before I can effect all
which is required ; ye reafon is, becaufe I have two men to deale with, neither of
which is at prefent neere me. My chancellor being at London, to appeare on y.e
firft day of ye terme at ye King's-bench, upon a prohibition. And my coniiffary, who

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 93
•who' acts for ye other part of my diocefe, being and keeping his court at Rich
mond in Yorkshire.
; " But I Shall ufe my beft diligence, to bring ye bufinefs to effect as foone as I
can, and then to make certificate to your lordfhip, as becometh, my lord, your
lordfhip's humble fervant, John Cestrens'."
John Pearfon came to this fee in 1672, which he held till 1686. He was the
15 th biShop of Chefter.
" Right reverend and my very good Lord, Worcefter, Nov. 1, 1676.
" In purfuance of the letter lately fent to me from his grace of Canterbury, your
lo'p, and fome others of the commiffioners for rebuilding St. Paul's, I have, in the
abfence of my chancellor, called my regifter before me, and caufed the bookes of
acts to be brought, and fearched in my prefence. And it does not appear by thofe
bookes that there have bin any comutations ; and yet, upon further examination,
I doe find there have bin maney ; and the regifter referres himfelf to the chan-
cellour herein ; telling me, that whatever there have bin, they have bin Stated
privately by him, and the money constantly paid to him, and not to the regifter;
and alfo, that he does believe the greateft part, if not all the faid money, hath,
bin employed in carrying on of fuits againft obftinate offenders, and taking out
writs, de excom05 capio, to affert and defend the jurifdiction.
" However, I Shall enjoyn my faid chancellour (being now in London), if he
has not attended your lordfhip already about this matter, to wait on you, and give
you more particular fatisfaction.
" Thofe of the inferior jurifdictions fay there have bin no comutations with
them: but my lord, we have fome notorious offenders now in view ; and, as I am
troubled, I cannot give a more effectual account at prefent. So I do affure your
lordShip for the future that I will be heartily concerned to fecure whatever Shall
arife this way, for the ufe and excellent end propofed.
" Thus, commending your lordShip to God's holy protection, I remaine, my
lord, your lordShip's very affectionate brother and fervant, Ja. Wigorn'

t' "

James Fleetwood became bifhop of Worcefter in 1675, and was the 90th in
fucceffion. He held it till 1683.
Vol. IIL N "Rev.

9+ CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,

a

Rev. Sir, Feb. 5, 1676-7.
" On Saturday laft a letter from you came to my hand, dated London,
Sept. 21, 1676. It feems it came to Briftol when I was in the North, and Came
then to Newcaftle, and Durham, after 1 was come away from, thence ; and at
laft, after a confiderable reft in the country, round again at Briftol. The bufi-
nefs was, to my name to a contribution towards the rebuilding of St. Paul's church ;
a great and good work, to which no man would more willingly put a helping hand
than myfelf, were I able, and in a capacity to do it ; but indeed the bifhoprick of
Briftol is both fo beggarly of itfelf, and hath made me fo likewife by being the
biShop (who before I came to it was in a condition to live without begging or
borrowing), that, unlefs his majeftie pleafe to allow fome additional fupport, the
dignity muft fall to the ground, and I with it.
" If God pleafe that hereafter my condition may increafe to anfwer fo good and
pious a motive, it Shall be moft readily done by, moft worthy fir, your very
affectionate friend and brother, Guy Bristol.'"
This unfortunate prelate was Guy Carleton, 15th bifhop of Briftol, whofe good
fortune did not overtake him till 1678, when he was tranfiated to the fee of
Chichefter. V My Lord, Dec. 20, 1682.
" I formerly acquainted your lordfhip how that my chancellor was abfent, and
yl I could fay nothing to the commutations till his return : and Since yt unfortu
nately happened yr in his returne hither his horfe fell with him, and broke his
legg, and fo he was forced to get to a friend's houfe near yc place where he fell,
not being able to get unto his own ; but as foon as pleafe God he recover, and be
enabled to get unto his own houfe, he will give your lordShip an account of
, fach commutations as he hath made, which I thought he had done long fince,
and difpofed of fome that way as your lordfhip requested. And, fince his misfor
tune, I myfelf have been troubled with the gout alfo, that I could not well inform
your lordShip fooner of it. I have fent up my laft payment to Saint Paul's, unto
Mr. Tillifon ; which I hope he hath received.
" I have no more to trouble your lordShip with at prefent. I am, my lord,
your lordShip's moft obedient humble fervant, Her. Hereford."
Herbert Croft, dean of Hereford, became bifhop of that fee in 166 1, the 8otli
in fucceffion, and held it till 1691. 1 675-6*

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 95
1675-6, March 3. In confequence of their requeft, the King granted his per
miffion to the commiffioners, that the remainder of the foundation of the dome
fhould be laid, and fuch other foundations as they found neceffary. At the fame
time his majefty required that they " proceed vigoroufly with the quire, and
principally with the pillars and middle nave of the fame, and with the vaultings of
the caves within ground, which bear the pavements of the church. And becaufe
it will be convenient to preferve the faid vaultings from injury of weather, you are
alfo hereby authorifed to lay a temporary roof upon the cornice of the faid middle
nave, by which means alfo place may be made, for the prefent, for the worfhip
of God, without hindering the progrefs of the works."
1676, May 18. Ten additional members were added to the Standing committee,
as it was found impoffible to affemble as many perfons as were neceffary to act.
1676-7, Jan. 17. " His Majefty is pleafed to declare, that he will not
give away for the future any fines or amerciaments whatever in the King's
Bench, or elfewhere, which elfe would naturally come into the green wax."
1678-9, Feb. 5. At a council, Whitehall; prefent the King, Prince
Rupert, &c. &c. It was ordered that no feafts Should take place at the confecration
of future biShops; but that 50I. of the money ufually expended on fuch occafious
fhould be paid by the bifhop elect towards the erection of St. Paul's church.
And the archbifhop was forbid to proceed to the confecration till a receipt was
produced from the treafurer of the works.
On the 23d of October following another order was made in council, that, in
lieu of gloves given at confecration dinners, the bifhop elect fhould pay 50 1. to
the treafurer. This gentleman was Major Pearce, receiver of the duty on coals. J
The archbifhop of Canterbury, and the biShop of London, had fome difficulty
in appointing the above officer. There are feveral letters preferved in the Har-
leian MS. J^o. 4941, on the fubject; one of which will ferve to Shew how neceffary
clearnefs and perfpicuity is in an act of parliament.
" My Lord, In obedience to your cornands, I went yefterday to Sir William
Turner, who told me positively he would not expofe his credit and eftate to fuch
a pubfiek Scrutiny- : but he is willing to ferve your grace, and ye church, fo far
as prudence will give him leave. He fayes it is fitting you Should declare what
ftipend you would allow your caShier. He thinks you cannot give lefs than iool.
fer annum : and if fo (though he cannot ferve you himfelf) he will fupply you
N a with

96 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
with an able and fit perfon, for whofe performance he will undertake. I find his-
main objection to be that which indeed I think was an omiflion in ye act ; for
there is no difcliarge for ye receiver there expreffed, but he is left to. ye wide
world to feek for a quietus. I am told of another moft excellent perfon, a fcrir-
vener at the Weft end of St. Paul's. I am affured from a very underftanding,
perfon that there is not a more able, nor an honefier man, to be found for that
employment. I with you would fee Mr. Snow*,, or whom you think fit to informs
themfelves about him. I have likewife an extraordinary character of Col. Pearce,,
from thofe. that are able to judge, and love us too well to deceive, us..
As for Mr. Middleton, he defires to fpeak for himfelf, and therefore I humbly
refer you to his enclofed letter. I intend (God. willing) to be at home by five
this evening;, and if then I receive not your cornands, I will- call at Lambeth
about feven on Munday morning, in my way to my lord mayor, to receive your.
further orders ; and affure you, that I will, ever be, my lord, your- grace's moft
faithfull humble fervant,. H. London..
" Sept. yor
\6']6. The labourers were allowed is. 6d. per cubic foot- for removing the-
antient foundations.
It appears that lord Clarendon borrowed ftone ~\-, which .he had neglected to
return. The commiffioners deputed Sir John Cutler to- demand- iool. for thoffe
ftones from his lordShip's gentleman.
The company of carmen offered to convey the Portland ftone from Paul's wharf'
to the church, at i6d. per ton, provided each ftone did not exceed three tons and
a half in weight.
1677, Dec. 6. A petition was ordered to be prefented to the King and'council,,
praying that briefs might be iffued to obtain money for the works. " Ordered
that the preamble of the briefs be as pathetically penned as the occafion requires-,
to move people to liberality upon fo pious and: charitable a work."
James II. on the 14th of February 1.684-5, iffued a proclamation, wherein he-
promifed to continue the building of St. Paul's.
* One of the firft who regularly pradlifed the profeffion of chanter. He was afterwards a man of,
confiderable eminence in that line.
| For building his houfe facing the upper end of St. James's ftreet, on the fite of the prefent
Grafton-ftreet. Pennant's London, p. 124.
From.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. w
From the above date there remain no regular books of the commiffioners pro
ceedings ; but the MS. before quoted in the Mufeum contains papers which prove
that confufion and embarraffment prevailed', to no fmall degree, in all the depart
ments belonging to the works.
One act of parliament enabled the archbifhop of Canterbury, the biShop of
London, and the lord mayor, to borrow money on the credit of the coal duty ;
but faid nothing about intereft. Thofe noble perfons were therefore at a lofs
whether they-were to offer any; and if fo, how much. On the 13th of Janu
ary 1686-7, counfel were retained for an opinion on this fubject. Three of the
number decided that intereft might be allowed under the act ; but Francis Phe-
Iips, efq. faid, " although money cannot generally- be borrowed without intereft,
yet this, being for a- pious ufe, doth feem- to empower the perfons authorifed to
feeure-oqly the principal, to fuch well-difpofed perfons as are willing to lend gratk
for fo good, a- work." Immediately after, the commiffioners borrowed 10,1501.
of which _5p<b1. was from St. Bartholomew's hofpital-, and- the remainder from.
individuals. The intereft i3 not mentioned.
1688, June 28^ " We, the commiffioners for rebuilding St. Paul's, take it to
be our duty to reprefent, from time to time, to your grace, the State of the work*
and the accounts of the fame, in order to receive from your grace, and my lord
mayor, and my lord biShop of London, direction; especially at this prefent, when
there appears to us not a little difficulty to proceed. The prefent debts to work
men, and fuch perfons as have delivered materials upon account, reprefented to
us by the officers, amounts to 14,000k or more ; and at this time of the year it
will' every day augment, ftone being continually brought in; and now timber
alfo, contracted for,, towards the covering in of the ailes of the choir, before this
winter. There is due and payable- to creditors, for borrowed money, 2900 1.
at this time ;- and" they are not defirous to receive it,, being ftill willing to continue
it. at intereft. The workmen complain, and feem to be driven to their laft abi>-
lities. There is, of money received- lately from the treafurer, 3000I. ; and as much
more may fpeedily be had; which, were it paid to the work, would alleviate
the debt,, and encourage the artifans- to proceed.. If it be employed to pay
the creditors,: it feems to us inevitable that a Stop muft be put to artificers
and merchants of materials. This we humbly reprefent to your grace's direction
herein, as in your wifdom Shall feem expedient." Signed by, Craven, Thomas
Meer.es, Thomas St. George, H. Godolphin, Thomas l'infold, Chriftopher Wren-,
Edward Stillingfleet, and William Holder..
However appalling thofe difficulties appeared at the time, they all vanished
through the operation of the coal acts; we have the church perfect in every part..
"s Progress-

98 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Progress of the Works prom 1666.
So early as September in that fatal year, Dr. Wren received iool. " for his
pains and care, in drawing the ground-plot of the church, and for his defigns for
the entire repair of the church."
Mafons were immediately employed in building up the doors in the Convoca
tion* houfe-yard, thofe in the Weft end of the church, the great South door, the
two in St. Faith's in the crofs-yard, and fuch of the windows as thieves could
enter. A great maftiffand a little dog were kept as alarums in the church.
Part of the roof at the Eaft end efcaped destruction ; but the melted lead had
poured in fuch maffes in other places from it, that it was impoffible to remove it,
except by chiffels and Sledge hammers. There are charges for Sharpening the
former Sixty-five times.
The infide feems to have been injured paft a poffibility of reparation * ; for, one
of the great pillars at the Weft end had fallen ; four others in the North Side aile
were fo deranged that Shoring was neceffary ; and a fifth, in the South fide aile,
lay proftrate. Other parts were fo greatly injured, that Sir Chriftopher dared not
prop the vaultings of the choir, till he had firft done fo with thofe of St. Faith's.
As the commiffioners had refolved to repair the church if poffible, the architect
proceeded to take down thofe parts which were incapable of reftoration. To
accomplish this perilous undertaking, the labourer was fufpended in a baSket, to
the overhanging walls of the nave and choir, in a fituation far more dangerous
than Shakefpeare's famphire-gatherer.
The North- Weft corner of the tower received great damage from the fire ; and
two heaps of lead lay upon the vaultings.
Sir Chriftopher Hatton's monument was removed to the yard, where a new
Convocation-houfe had been erected. Sir William Cockayne's, and William
Hewit's, were conveyed to the fame place.
Twelve pillars of St. Faith's were beaten down by a battering ram, headed with
an iron triangle.
* An Architect, in the Gentleman's Magazine, whofe intentions are commendable, but whofe x-eal
oeeafionally mifteads him, accvtfes Sir Chriftopher Wren of deftroying the remains of old St. Paul's
wantonly and unneceffarily, and declares they were capable qf reparation. This I flatly deny, from
«very itepi jp the books preferved at St. Paul's ; which he has never feen. As I have perufed thern
carefully, juftice to Sir Chriftopher's memory demands this vindication, from one who prefers GothiQ,
but ftill can perceive beauties in Grecian architecture. A profejjional man need not be informed, that
parts of a large ftru&ure may be of great ftrength, while otters are too much decayed to repair, ever.
when fire has not done its worft unon the walls,
Xd

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 99
In 1668 the pavements of the North and South ailes at the Eaft end were
removed, when feveral coffins and bones were taken out a»nd re-buried. Many
fculis and other bones fell through the arches into St. Faith's ; and other bodies
were disturbed, which lay between the buttreffes; the whole of which they care
fully buried in the church and church-yard.
About the fame time Humphrey Robinfon received 60L in lieu of rents for
houfes in St. Paul's church-yard, built upon Sheryngton's chantry, which were
taken down. And Dr. Wren had, in 1669, 100 guineas-pieces (valued at 107I. ios.)
for his directions in the works, and for the defign of a modeL
The impracticability of restoring the church had became fo apparent, that the
order for re-building it was iffued ; and, as a preparatory ftep towards this great
undertaking, the beautiful rofe window and pinnacles of the Eaft end were
deftroyed, in October 1671, by ten men, who were employed 80 days on the
whole elevation, one of whom had a leg broken*. John Simpfon was paid 20I.
for pulling down the top of the South-Eaft pillar of the great tower, as low as the
upper capitals, and the great arches on the Weft and South fides ; but the North-
Eaft, North-Weft, and South- Weft angles, baffled the attempts of the workmen.
The architect then made mines beneath them, and introduced fmall quantities of
gunpowder, under the direction of a gunner from the Tower, whofe name is not
mentioned. He received 4I. 1 1 s. for placing the powder within the firft pillar,
laying the train, and fetting fire to it. Seven barrels of corn-powder, at 3I. 5 s.
per hundred, were bought for all the explofions ; one of which, from the morning-
prayer chapel, fent a ftone into the balcony of a bookfeller, and 20 s. damage was
done by it.
" Paid to John Parker, for the taking up the bottom of pillars, and crofs-walls,
in St. Faith's church, on the South Side of the fame, in four feveral places,
each of them being three yards broad, four yards long, and one yard and a half
thick, at 35s. apiece, 7I."
By the year 1672, three men had loft their lives, two by falls, and the third by
a ftone falling on him.
When the foundation of this Structure was digging, cemeteries were difc'ovefed
of the antient Britons, whofe bodies lay in rows ; nearer the furface thofe of
Saxons, who lay in ftone coffins, or in graves lined with chalk ; and pins of ivory
and box, which had held their burial clothes together. Befides thofe, many
* The publick, confidering the men thus maimed in erecting a national ftructure particularly
entitled to their protection, entered into a fubfcription for their relief. veffels

100 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
veffels ufed at facrifices, Roman funeral vafes, lamps, lacrymatories, bea'ds
of glafs, rings, horns of deer, boars tufks, and teffaiae of jafper, porphyry, and
marble. A Singular circumftance is.alfb mentioned, which occurred when Sir Chriftopher
Wren was fetting out the ground for the walls : he wanted fomething as a mark,
and called to a labourer for that purpofe, who carried him by accident a frag
ment of ftone, infcribed " Resurg\a.m." He took the hint, and a Phoenix
decorates the tympanum of the South tranfept, with that word inferted beneath.
It will be unneceffary to accompany the progrefs of the artificers in all their
proceedings-, for which reafon I fhall only Select what appears to me worthy of
particular notice.
„ In 1672, the brick arches of the vaults under the choir were found to have been
fo much injured by the rain, which had infinuated itfelf amongft the mortar, that
they were rebuilt.
The walls of the old Chapter-houfe, and the cloisters furrounding it, were
found to have been erected on chalk foundations.
Part of the water neceffary for mixing the quantity of mortar ufed in building
fo large a Structure, was procured from the New River ; and the reft rain, col
lected by trunks from different parts of the choir and tranfepts, in a deep well
funk under the centre of the dome.
Thomas Strong, mafon, was paid as follows :
For plain Portland Stone-work, of the pilafters, and rufticks, window jams,
architraves, and bofks, i6|-d. per foot.
For carving faces of impoft capitals, 61. each ; pannels with flowers and enrich
ments, 3I. 5s. each ; efcalops in the heads of the outfide niches, 3I. ios.
Two large compartments and feftoons, each 12 feet in length, 45I. ; 7^ great
great flowers, in the fofets of the five windows at the Eaft end, 15s. each ; and
60 fmaller 5s. each.
Pendant firings, 3 feet 9 inches in length, and one foot in breadth, 5I. each.
Cherubim, 20s. ; flowers in the architrave, 9s. each.
Four feftoons, over the two Straight windows at the Eaft end, 20I. each.
Six feftoons, over the three circular windows at the Eaft end, 20I. each.
Six cherubim, on the key-Stones of the five Eaft windows, at 13I. each key-
ftone. Three Shields, each three feet high and four wide, 7I. each.
Mr.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 101
Mr. John Tillifon, clerk of the works, published a printed Sheet, in 1685, which
furnishes much curious information. It appears from this, that the funis then
received amounted to 126,564k 13s. 53d.
Expended in repairs before the fire, on thofe of the Weft end, which after
wards fell down, refining 194 tons of lead from.the rubbiSh, repairs of the Con
vocation houfe, making defigns and models, taking down the tower, walls, and
pillars, and in making cranes and roads in the Ifle of Portland, and clearing the
ground, go, 958 1. 9s. 3d.
47,000 loads of rubbiSh were removed from the Site of the church.
The work then in hand contained " the choir, and fide ailes eastward from the
dome or fteeple, the dome, crofs ailes, South and North porticos, and part of the
body of the church weftward ; all which extend in length, from Eaft to Weft,
425 feet. The choir and fide ailes, and body of the church, in breadth from North
to South, 121 feet ; and the dome, with the crofs ailes and porticos, 310 feet ; the
dome being 108 feet in diameter within the walls. Under all which are fair, large,
and Stately vaults ; being 18 feet and a half high from the floor to the crown of
the arch; in length from Eaft to Weft, within the walls, 3iofeet; in breadth 107;
and in breadth under the dome and crofs ailes 236 feet.
The foundation of the fabrick,' being 11 feet below the furface of the church
yard, and in many places 35 feet deep, and the fabrick above ground (viz. the
fteeple, crofs ailes, veltries, porticos, and the choir to the Eaft end), are $6 feet
high ; fo that the whole height of the faid building, from the firft foundation to
the uppermost part, is 78 feet high, and in fome places 91 feet high. That part
of the building Weftward from the dome is 34 feet above the ground of the
chuch-yard ; the infide pillars excepted, which are brought up to the floor of the
body of the church. The fpace of ground upon which the legs of the Steeple, and
the dome itfelf, do ftand, contains half an acre, half a quarter of an acre, and
almoft 4 perches.
The fteeple, Standing upon eight fmaller legs or pillars, and four greater ones, in
one of which greater ones is a very large pair of Stairs, and within the other three
are fair and Stately veftries ; and every one of the greater*pillars ftand upon 1360
feet of ground, Superficial meafure ; and every one of the leffer ones upon 380
feet ; the crofs ailes a quarter of an acre, wanting one rod ; the porticos, that is,
the North and South porches entrance into the church, half a quarter of an acre
and 7 perches." ' ,
Vol. III. O As

102

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.

As Mr. Tilliibn's admeafurements may be (accidentally) fuppofed in all cafes
thofe of the finijhed church, I Shall here infert, from the Gentleman's Maga
zine, vol. XX. p. 580, the "Dimenfions of St. Peter's Church at Rome, and
St. Paul's London," and particularly thofe of the former church, as Sir Chrifto
pher Wren certainly had his ideas from it, fometimes excelling his model, at
others not fo fuccefsful. -St.
Length of the church and porch
Length of the crofs ----__
Breadth of the front, with the turrets, -
Breadth of the fame, without the turrets, - - -
Breadth of the church and three naves' <-
Breadth of the fame and the wideft chapels
Length of the porch within -
Breadth of the fame within - - - , _
Length of the plates at the upper fteps -
Breadth of the nave at the door -
Breadth of the nave at the third pillar and tribuna -
Breadth of the fide ailes -
Diftance between the pillars of the nave
Breadth of the fame double pillars at St. Peter's
Single pillars at St. Paul's -
Two right Sides of the great pilafters of the cupola -
Diftance between the fame pilafters -
Outward diameter of the cupola -
Inward diameter - -
From the door within to the cupola -
Frorn the cupola to the end of the tribuna
Breadth of each of the turrets
The outward diameter of the lantern -
Height
From the ground without to the top of the crofs -
The turrets - - - - _
To the top of the higheft front Statues -
The firft pillars of the Corinthian order Breadth

Peters.

St. Paul's.

729 feet, 500 feet.

510

250

364

180

,3^8.

110

*5S

130

364

180

218

5°

40

20

291

100

67

40

73

40

29

17

44

n

29

10

65

35.

72

40

189

145

138

108

3J3

190

167

I.7°

77

35

36

_8-

437

34o

289

222

*75

*3S

74

33

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 103
)-;,7 St. Peter's. St. Paul's.
Breadth of the fame - - - - 9 feet, 4 feet.
Their bafes and pedeftals - - , - -19 13
Their capitals --,.___ 10 c
The architrave, frieze, and cornice, - - - 19 ib
The Compofite pillars at St. Paul's, and Tufcan at
St. Peter's -_--«__ ^ %$
The ornaments of the fame, above and below, - 14 16
The triangle of the mezzo-relievo, with its cornice, 22 18
Width ,.--_.-. 94 74
The bafe of the cupola to the pedeftals of the pillars, 36 38
The pillars of the cupola 32 28
Their bafes and pedeftals ------ 4 ^
Their capitals, architrave, frieze, and cornice, - 12 iz
From the cornice to the outward flope of the cupola 25 40
The lantern, from the cupola to the ball, 6^ 50
Diameter of the ball ----- 9 6
The crofs, with its ornaments below, - - - 14 6
Statues on the front, with their pedeftals, 2£ 15
The outward Slope of the cupola 89 50
The cupola and lantern, from the front cornice to
the top of the crofs, ----- 280 240
Height of the front niches 20 14
Width ___--_-9 5
The firft front windows -----20 33
Width ------ -10 7
Jafper Latham, mafon, received for work done on the North fide, the door
Cafe, and two of the round pillars, the three-quarter pillar, and little three-
quarter pillar, and for working and fetting 1124! feet of Portland Stone in the
bodies of two pillars, the three-quarters and half the architraves of the door-
cafe, &c. 1 1 2I. 8s. 6d.
For the ornaments over the fame 2s. per foot Superficial.
For mafoning one three-fourth Composite capital, one face and one half, at 16s. 6d.
For carving it 12I. O2 Afcroll

104 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
A fcroll and feftoons 15I. ; a cartouch under the cornice of the door cafe 4L
. Half the long feftoons and candlefticks over the door 17I. ios.
The Weft end of the old church was not taken down till 1686., In the fame
year a great quantity of old alabafter was beaten into- powder for making cement.
Thofe fragments were doubtlefs monumental effigies and emblems, which once
adorned the church *.
The. capitals of the great pillars of the North- and South porticos coft 60I. each
for the carving.
1688. The tower of St. Gregory's church was pulled- down, and 162 corpfes
removed from its cemetery, which were reburied at the Weft end of the old foun
dations for 6d. each.
The fteps of the South and North porticos are of Irifh black marble:.
By this time the. choir had been almoft completed, and the celebrated Gibbons.
received his money for the matchlefs carvings with which it is decorated. I feel.
great pleafure in having, it in my power to Shew how he was paid, from the books
into which his own charges were copied.
Grinling Gibbons is fuppofed by Mr. Walpole to have been the English fon of
a Dutch parent ; and, according to Yertue's information,, was born in Spurr-
alley, in the Strand, London.
The above celebrated author fays very juftly of Gibbons, "There is no ihftance
of a man before Gibbons who gave to wood the loofe and airy lightnefs of flowers,
and chained together the various productions of the elements with a free diforder,
natural to each fpecies." And we may with equal juftice fay ia addition, that no
man Since his deceafe has been able to enter into- competition with the fpecimens
left by him in St. Paul's; and yet his portrait, engraved by Chambers, from a
picture by Sir Godfrey Kneller, augurs no exuberance of genius; on the con--
trary, the countenance is heavy and Studious. But perhaps this may be the-
painter's fault. He had the honourable oSfice of Mafter- Sculptor- to George the
Firft, to which he was appointed April 22, 17 15, This unequalled artift diedki
Bow- ftreet, Covent Garden, Aug. 3,. 1721.
" Payments to Grinling' Gibbons, for the carvings infide the choir:
For two upper cimas of the great cornice, carved with leaves; at as. 6&. per
foot,, over the prebends' Stalls.
* See a fimilar circumftance, at Lefheringham, ia Mr. Gough's Sepulchral-Monuments, vol. II.
p. cccxxiij.
The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 105
The chaptering of the parapet, upper cimas, and member of the corona, with
lace and leaves, at- is. per foot.
The moulding in the ciftals, one member enriched, 7d. per foot.
Coping on the cartouches, one member enriched,, i4d. per foot.
The fmall O G on the corona of the BiShop and Lord Mayor's thrones^ 4d.
pe*r foot.
For the lower cima in the bot]jom of the nine-inch cornice, at yd. per foot.
The cima and cafements round the Stalls, 9d. per foot.
The fmall cima on the top of the impofts over the prebend's heads 8d. per foot.
The hollow of the impoft leaves 5s. per foot.
The fwelling frieze, with grotefque enrichments, 5s. per foot; and the grotefque
enrichments round the openings in the women's gallery 4s. 3d. per foot..
The fcrolls in the partition pilafters in 'the. Stall's 9s. 6d. per foot.
The leaning fcrolls, or elbows, il. 3s. each; the frieze on the thrones 5s. per
foot ; pedeftals, grotefque in the front, il. 4s. each.
The great modillion cornices, fix members enriched, iqs. per foot.
The leaved cornice on the ftone pilafters 95. per foot.
The Corinthian three-quarter capitals4 5I. 6s. each;, the whole ones 7l.-ea_h.
Grotefque capitals in the choir 7I. each.
Total charge, 1333I. 7I. 5s.
William Thompfon painted the Eaft end of the choir, in imitation of veined
marble, at 4s. per yard. The gilding round the altar coft 168I. ; the Glory 3I. ;
the foliage on the frieze 30I. ; the palm and laurel branches 5I.
The fluted pilafters, painted with ultramarine, and veined with gold, in imita
tion of lapis-lazuli, coft 160 1.
Edward Strong received 52I. ios. each, for the, Corinthian pillars of veined
marble which fupport the organ.
Bernard Smith entered' into a contract with the commissioners, Dec. 19, 1694,
to erect the great organ,, and a chair organ, for 2000I. This noble inftrument
was entirely taken to pieces in 1802, repaired, and the tones in fome inftances
divefted of their Sharpnefs, by a moft industrious Swede and his partner; and it
it is univerfally allowed to have been improved into exiquiSite foftnefs and har
mony. The original gilding on the pipes is as frefh as ever. I am informed by
the above gentleman' that Smith has done fcrupulous juftice to every part, and
that this organ could not now be built for lefs than 4000I.
The

106 ' CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The-pipes are Secured from duft by clumfy fafhes, which are greatly injurious
to the found ; but they are formed by "48 glafs plates of chryftal, 2 feet 1 inch
long, and 18 inches broad, at 26s. each; 26 others, 25 inches by 21, at 30s.
.each-; and two 21 by 14, at 16s. each: total 103I."
Bernard Smidt, Anglice Smith, was a native of Germany, and invited to Eng
land. He. brought with him two nephews, Bernard and Gerard Smidt. His firft
work in England was an organ for the chapel at Whitehall ; which foon intro
duced him into full employment. But the moft fingular occurrence of Smith's
••profeffional life, was the harmonic conteft between his organ, now in the Temple
-church, and one erected by Renatus Harris, fon of another German organ-
builder, who left his country about the fame time that Smith came. The learned
Antients of the above feat of Law wavered in their choice of the artift who Should
place an organ in their venerable church. The efforts of Smith and Harris were t
therefore brought into and heard by an open court, fupported by counfel, who
exerted their beft abilities in their defence, had a refpectable variety of jurors; and
Judge Jeffries gave fentence, which was in Smith's favour. In other words, the
organ made by Harris was placed on one fide of the church, and that of Smith on
other ; the former played by Draghi, the latter by Dr. Blow and Mr. Purcell.
Near a year elapfed before the contention ceafed, and Jeffries made his fiat.
It was this fuccefs that led to Smith's employment at St.' Paul's. He was organ-
maker to the Chapels Royal.
Whether Renatus Harris was jealous of Smith's abilities, and wifhed to eclipfe
his rival by introducing a work of his own into St. Paul's, I know not ; but he
entertained an idea of erecting the moft perfect, fuperb, and largeft organ upon
earth at the Weft end of that building, and prevailed upon one of the authors of
the Spectator to introduce his propofals into that work, No. 552.
Sculpture by Cibber.
Caius Gabriel Cibber feems to have been better known through his fon Colly
than by his own merit ; and yet I do not hefitate to fay, his works in ftone are
fully equal to thofe of his fon on paper. The effects of his chiffel at St. Paul's are
unquestionably fuperior to thofe of any other fculptor employed in decorating the
church. The phoenix in the tympanum of the South tranfept may be adduced
in fupport of this affertion, efpecially when it is confidered how difficult fo large
a piece

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 107
a piece of fculpture muft be to execute with fpirit and effect, for it is -eighteen
feet in length and nine in height. The fituation is extremely unfavourable for
viewing this grand bird, the narrow ftreet bringing the Spectator almoft under it,
and confequently foreshortening the object even to distortion. Befides; the fmoke
of the neighbourhood has blackened it to the colour of a crow. He had 61. for
the model of the phoenix, and idol' for the fculpture; with 61. for three models
of " antique lucerns." Cibber received 286I. for carving the eight great key-
Stones of the arches round the dome, each 7, feet in- height, 5 in breadth, and
18 inches in relief, that is 35I. for each. Thofe were done after the ftones were
fet; and that circumstance enhances their value, as the artift was neceffarily con
fined to a dangerous fcaffold, the bounds of which were too contracted to allow.
him to judge of the effect produced by retiring to a certain diftance, whence
defects -glare in their true colours. Thofe, with four centers at 7I. i©s. each,
upon the piers of the South afcent, and four double feftoons, with eight cherubim
on the pedeftals at 13I. each, are all the fculptures .charged in the books under
Cibber's name.
Jonathan Maine carved the ornaments of the Morning-prayer chapel, and had
30I. each for Shields furrounded. by cherubim and drapery.
1710. Robert Trevet, engraver, was employed by the commissioners to make
drawings, and engrave them, of the outfide and infide views of the church, and
the choir, reprefenting the time when the Queen and the two Houfes of Parlia
ment were there, for which he received 400I.
1712. Francis-Bird had 250I. for the Queen's ftatue and enrichments,.-which.
Stands nofelefs before the Weft front of the church. The beft part of this figure
is the regal mantle, ft is not fo eafy to fay which is the worft. The four Statues-
Seated on the pedeftal,- of England, France, Ireland, and America, were 220I. each,
and the white marble Shield of arms 50I. This ill-contrived and taftelefa groupe'
coft in all 1180I. The wits of the day were very fevere upon it, and on the
manner in which the queen is placed, with her back to- the church and face to the
brandy-Shop. Jan. 15, 1743, a wretched lunatick. attacked the ftatue with great violence,
broke off the fceptre, and probably broke her- majefty's nofe, which has never
been repaired. Bird^i

108 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Bird fculptured the pannels containing the hiftory of St. Paul, in the portico,
for 75I. each, and the reliefs over the great Weft door for 300I. This is defcribed
in, the books as " being 16 foot broad, and 14 high, and the principal figures
18 * imboft ; the others about 9, one with another ; the whole upon a fuper girt is
about 406 foot ; and it likewife contains 9 large figures, about 8 foot high each ;
and one fmall figure, with a large Italian moulding round the fame."
This alto relievo reprefents St. Paul preaching to the Beraeans, and is Shame
fully inferior to almoft all the antient fculpture in Weftminfter abbey. Indeed
there feems to have been no kind of judgment or tafte in the commiffioners ; for
1 cannot believe Sir Chriftopher Wren would have chofen Bird as an artift capable
of decorating the principal front of fuch a church. Let any perfon examine the
two figures on the gate of Bethlehem hofpital by Cibber, and immediately after
vifit the clumfy works of Bird, and he will agree with me in regretting that the
former had not been preferred.
We all- know that the front, and many other parts of St. Paul's, are tinged by
fmoke to an aftoniShing degree; but perhaps it is not fo well known that in
fome places the foot hangs in large quantities, and efpecially on the heads and
beards of the moft prominent of the above figures ; indeed they a&ually have the
appearance of fweeps juft defcended from a chimney, and before they have
Shaken the black powder from their heads. This is the accumulation of a. cen
tury; for the rain cannot reach and wafh them, fituated as they are under the upper
division of the portico.
" To Francis Bird, carver, for carving the great pediment of the Weft portico;
in length 64 foot, and in height 17 foot, being the hiftory of St. Paul's conversion,
and containing 8 large figures, 6 whereof on horfeback, and feveral of them i\ foot
imboft, 650I."
This is undoubtedly his beft performance, and appears fpirited ; but the deteft-
able fmoke has coloured it vilely, blackening the lights and darkening the Shades.
And, ftill worfe, the rain fometimes cleans one part, fometimes another, leaving
Strings of black over men and horfes, oppofed to the bleached whitenefs of the
ftone. He modelled the fcrolls, ball, and crofs, for the lantern of the cupola and the
pines for the towers ; and thofe are all excellently defigned.
* Inches, I fuppofe. Samuel

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 109
Samuel Fulks carved the great capitals for the Weft portico, and had 6ol. for
each. An enormous chain, intended to encircle the dome, was made in 1705, by
John Tijone ; it weighs 95 cwt. 3 qrs. 23 lb.
The fame year produced a fingular occurrence, which is noticed in the books
under the payment 0^651. 17s. 8d. to Henry Perry, accompanied by a memoran
dum, that " the faid Perry was taken by a French privateer, in October 1705
(when bringing a load of ftone for St. Paul's), and carried to Calais, where his
vefl'el was condemned as prize. Some time after, Perry came for England among
exchanged prifoners ; and the Ship and loading were fold to one Sam Green, a
merchant at Rotterdam, which Perry hearing of, went for Holland, and bought
the faid Ship and loading of the faid Green, and brought the fame to London,
where the faid Stone was bought of him for St. Paul's at the ufual prices, he firft
producing the condemnation of the faid Ship at Calais, the bill of fale there to
Green, and Green's bill of fale to him."
1715, 881. is. 3d. was paid in fees, when George the Firft iffued a commiffion
for finishing and adorning the church. And this is the laft article worthy of
mentioning in the books. Through the exceeding care of the clerks to whom
the records of St. Paul's are entrusted, and their dread of trouble, I am deprived
of one half the materials which the Dean and Chapter kindly fpread before me ;
but I have collected what I could ; and with that we mutt reft contented, re
joicing that inferior oppofition had not entirely defeated fuberior permiffion *.
Present State op ST. PAUL'S.
The church has been too often technically defcribed to require a defcription in
1803. I fhall therefore enter into a fort of critical examination of the feveral
parts, praifing and cenfuring according to the beft of my judgment. In the firft
place, I am forry the Legislature did not rebuild St. Paul's in the centre of fome
elevated field, where they might have encompaffed it with a handfome fquare of
the beft houfes in London. Many fuch might have been found in 1671, which
would now be in the centre of the town ; but, by refolving to re-occupy the old
Site, they were restrained from leaving fufficient room even for feeing the build
ing, without Straining the muicles of the neck.
* I fliall eve]- feel myfelf obliged to Mr. Lingard, the Dean's Verger, for his attention and civili
ties during my refearches at St. Paul's.
Vpl. III. P I am

110 CATHED11AL OF ST. PAUL.
I am decidedly of opinion, that the whole front of St. Paul's is fuperior to that
of St. Peter's ; and yet how deficient is the approach, how contracted the avenue
leading to it ! Ludgate hill, or Street, tends too much to the North WeSt to
enable paffengers to fee the front, were the ftreet wide enough to Shew it. A
line Eaft and Weft with St. Paul's would crofs Bridge-Street near Bridewell ; and
there a Street has been partly opened, which Shews the dome and towers to great
advantage. The South fide of the Cathedral appears to greateft effect in perfpective from the
entrance to Doctor's Commons. There the declination of the lines are grand, and
the cupola fwells majeftically true to Nature's outline, the circle, in excellent
contraft to the body.
This fide is generally near the colour of the ftone, cleanfed by the heavy South
Weft Showers of Summer ; but the .pillars of the great portico are always black ;
fo is the North fide and the Eaft end, to the utter exclusion of effect. The columns
of the portico were intended to appear in Strong relief by the architect -, but fmoke
has funk them back to the depth of Shade behind, and rendered the whole front
a heavy mafs.
The elevations of the North and South tranfepts are extremely fuperb, and the
porticos finely attached ; but they are loft. We have no fpace to view them
from. The Eaft end is equally grand with the projecting femicircle ; but there the
view is ftill worfe ; and the metropolitan church of England is deprived even of
the width of many defpicable Streets. The dome, from thofe points of view
whence it may be feen at a proper diftance, appears a moft perfect defign, with
the utmoft harmony of proportion in the degrees of afcent from the huge bafe
ment next the roof to the colonade, and thence to the Attic ; with the circle of
the cupola leading to the lantern, and that again tapering in Strict architectural
gradations to the fummit of the crofs.
Blackfriers-bridge, and the wharfs on the Surrey fide of the Thames, oppofite
the church, are the only places in London which exhibit its perfections clearly,
and without distortion. The outline, filled by a blue vapour, may be difcetned
for very many miles on every fide of London.

Inside

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL m

Inside of St. Paul's.

There is much grandeur in the perfpeclive of the fide ailes, viewed from the
Weft door ;• for, when there, you do not perceive the difproportionate fmallnefs
of them to the reft of the church. The doors on each fide, the niches, pilafters,
and pannels, are beautiful ; and, when grouped with the detached circular pillars
of the chapels, the eye is carried down the long viftas pleated, quite to the ter
minating Eaft windows.
The chapels are oval * ; and, in my opinion, the architect would have done well
if he had made every arch in the body of the church like thofe before them. The
ifolated pillars relieve the mafly piers of part of their ponderous bulk, and give a
lightnefs very much wanted. The great defect in St. Paul's church feems to lay
in fervilely imitating St. Peter's at Rome. That has enormous piers between the
arches, faced with pilafters ; St. Paul's the fame ; but, inftead of making the great
arch of the nave and choir fpring from the cornice, as at St. Peter's, Sir Chrifto
pher has introduced an Attic, which renders the effect Still heavier.
To conclude, the general view from the great Weft door Shews a great nave
bounded by two alleys.
The font Stands on the South fide, under the fecond arch from the great door.
It is more remarkable for its Size than its beauty ; and is of veined marble, nearly
white. The alcoves for the windows in the ailes are finely conceived, and the arches of
them filled with fexagon pannels. The roofs of the ailes are large circular pannels,
and triangles, feparated by Shields ; their outlines formed by acanthus leaves,
fruit, and flowers.
The Choir (where the length and want of elevation in the church is not
obferved, and the fize of the piers is hid by the Stalls) has a magnificent effect ;
and the Semicircular termination would have been very grand, had it been filled by
a majeftie altar-piece ; but, Strange to fay, Simplicity has here dwindled into down
right deformity. The whole church holds out an introduction to the altar, the
moft facred point for human devotion, which tells us to expect fomething fuperior,
Something fuperb ; but prefents us with an old battered clumfy erection, enough
to paralyfe devotion. But, as if fenfible of this woeful neglect, three windows let
* See the plate.
Pa in

H2 CATHEDRAL QF ST. PAUL.
in the filver light of day, pouring the Sun's luftre in a mighty Stream, under
which the table finks into oblivion and darknefs. Miftake me not, reader ; let
me cenfure thofe only who were in fault. Sir Chriftopher Wren was more enlight
ened than to fuppofe a grand altar-piece would convert communicants to the
Roman-catholic faith. Look at the fine fection of St. Paul's, as he would have
had it decorated, and then wonder at the blindnefs of zeal. Another happy
thought has been recently adopted, to hide the want of intereft in the chancel ;
the placing a new and expenfive pulpit, richly carved, immediately before the
altar. In this fituation it anfwers a double purpofe, that already mentioned, and
preventing young unthinking females from dwelling more upon the regular fea
tures of the preacher than ruminating upon his doctrines. The windows bright,
behind the prieft, make him, though " faireft of the fair," black as an Ethiop ;
and what lady would with to glance her fine eyes upon an object fo repelling ?
In addition to the gilding about the altar before mentioned, the cieling has been
painted, to reprefent veined marble; but this paint now hangs in fragments Similar
to thpfe of ftone colour, with which the whole interior walls were originally molt
injudicioufly and ufelefsly covered.
Under each window of the chancel are white marble pannels, fet in dark
variegated borders ; but, alas ! they are bounded by painter's imitation of marble.
The pavement within the rails is of very rich coloured marbles, laid in geome
trical figures; but both that and the pannels have loft their polifh, and are greatly
cracked and corroded.
The rails are clumfy and inelegant; but the gates leading to the ailes are beau
tifully drawn, and moft excellently wrought. Thofe of the entrance to the choi-
are equally grand.
The general defign of the flails would have been better if the receffes had been
arched. But away with objections where Gibbon was employed ! The reader
would doubt my veracity, were I to write all 1 feel when viewing thofe exquifite
carvings. Therefore let him vifit them, and find terms for himfelf.
The organ-cafe is very clumfy, and the broad old-fafhioned faflies are
uncouth. Not fo the flowers, caryatides, and fruits ; they are admirably
carved. The arches of the dome are hurt in their effect by that of the great cornice
ranging under the arch of the Attic ; and as thofe fweeps are of different dia
meters, the error becomes more confpicuous. It would have been better to have let

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL, 113
let the great arches reft upon each inner pilafter, inftead of fpreading them fo
wide as to make them feem to interfere with the Attic pedeftals. The confe
quence is the appearance of weaknefs, ill calculated for fuch a fuperftructure as
towers above. From the cornice of the dome upward, I have riot an objection ;
it Is grand and fublime to the extreme of human Skill. The difproportion of the
Side ailes is very obfervable when Standing on the centre under the dome. Com
pared with the enormous vault, they diminish into ill-contrived doors.
In the South Weft angle of the dome and tranfept Sir Chriftopher has erected
.a huge, well, round which winds a long and eafy afcent to the whifpering-
gallery, formed by a railing, extended to the extreme edge of the great cornice.
of the dome. A perfon attends here, who whifpers on one fide of the circum
ference, while the visitor listens on the other. Every found rufhes round the
furface, and is caught by the ear with wonderful accuracy.
The dome begins to contract from the great cornice, on_ which are two
fteps, and a ftone feat. It gives me pleafure in being enabled to fay, that not
one ftone of this vaft circle is at all deranged or cracked, fo that there is every
reafon to hope the finking of the great piers has not injured the dome. That
they have fettled, is beyond a doubt ; and the particular damages will be Shown
as I proceed.
The next range of cornice is enriched with carved Shells and acanthus leaves
gilt, as are the bafes and capitals of the thirty-two pilafters above it. The inter-
columniations contain eight niches, one over each pier of the dome ; and windows
fill the others.
The pannels under the niches have beautiful carved feftoons gilt, for their
decorations ; and the ornaments over them are equally fuperb : but thofe of the
windows are painted feftoons, now fadly decayed, and very Shortly will be wholly
obliterated. This abfurd mixture of fubftance and Shadow obtains on the pilafters,
whofe flutings are of the fame fleeting materials. How1 could any men have been
fo lavifh., yet fo mean, as to beftow and withhold, in the alternate intervals of
twenty or thirty feet ! The confequence is, that all admirers of Architecture fee
that the national Structure of St. Paul's is in the grand point incomplete ; that the
rich Corinthian order is destitute of half its enrichments ; for, unlefs they afcend
to the Whifpering-gallery, they will not difcover that feftoons have once been
there.
The

114 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
'The architrave and cornice are carved and gilt ; but it was an odd fancy in the
painter to reprefent Shadows from real dentils.
Sir James Thornhill's exquisite paintings from the life of St. Paul *, which com
plete the grand perfpective from the pavement, deferve every commendation in
the power of words to convey. This country doth not contain a furface fo ele
vated, a fituation fo dangerous for a painter ; neither can one cieling in it be
pointed out, which abounds in more excellent drawing, animation, and relief..
Unhappily thofe pictures have utterly periShed in a deep circle at their bafes, and
are daily perishing ; fome unfortunate coincidence has admitted the external damp,
probably occasioned by the platform on the great pillars without the dome.
This part of the dome demands immediate care ; a 'Skilful Architect Should be
employed to examine into the caufe of this defect, and employed to amend it if
practicable. Where moifture penetrates in fo elevated a fituation, expofed to the
burning heat of he fun, and equally fo to drying winds, fome dangerous error
' muft have been committed in the construction. Legislators ! keepers of the
public purfe, command that the cupola of St. Paul's be furveyed, and the paint
ings reftored. Remember the weight which hangs fufpended over the populous
neighbourhood of this church, and the dreadful fcene attending any derangement
of the dome. I need not enlarge upon the insinuating qualities of water, nor
how destructive it is to every fubftance into which it penetrates. Perhaps the
church may not now be in danger ; centuries may elapfe, and no accident happen :
but prevention is the beft remedy. With more confidence do I recommend to •
you the decorations. All Europe witnefs by deputy the corroded ftate of the
dome ; and furely England will not hear herfelf condemned for parfimony, when
a few thoufand pounds would clear her from fuch an imputation.
The exq'uifite highly-finifhed Sketches for the paintings, made by Sir James
Thornhill, in order to Shew them to Queen Anne, were purchafed of his family
by the Dean and Chapter, in 1779; and are now in their poffeffion, together
with others, on paper, in biftre. The former, in oil, hang in the Chapter-room,
the latter in the Dean's veftry.
It is much to be lamented that the talents of Spiridione Roma-f~, in repairing
pictures, had not been made ufe of (before death deprived the public of the fecret
of his art) in restoring thofe of Sir James. Pie had contrived a plan for a fcaffoli
* For which he was paid but 40 (hillings a fquare yard.
•j- See anecdotes of this gentleman in the Gent. Mag. vol. LIX. p. 701. independent

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 115
independent of the building, and would have proceeded to the work, had he been
permitted, . That his fcheme, however, was not put in execution, was principally
owing ro the ill health of Doctors Cornwallis and Lowth, two of the truftees at that
time," and the fluctuating fituation of the lord mayor, the other truStee by right of
office. The Situation would deter many of our prefent painters from fuch an
undertaking. The well ftair-cafe before mentioned, as leading to the Wtiifpering-gallery, con
tracts on approaching it, and forms a variety of paflliges, through the apertures of
which immenfe buttreffes to the fides of the dome may be feen. It communicates
befides with the long -fepulchral galleries over the fide ailes of the nave, whofe
cielings rife no higher than oppofite the cornices of the lower outward range of
pilafters. The fmall windows, fo Strangely inferted in the pannels of the bafe-
ments to what Should be the upper windows, light thefe paffages ; and thus three-
fourths of the Compofite range is merely a deceptive, detached, rooflefs wall and
baluftrade. The_galleries are paved with Stone, and croffed at intervals by enormous Strong
arches and buttreffes. At the Eait end, on the North fide of the church, there
are fome frightful proofs that Sir Chriftopher Wren erred, either in not making a
folid foundation for the dome, or in the principles on which it is constructed.
For inftance, the arch which croffes the aile is 2 feet 3 inches in thicknefs ; yet
fuch is the derangement occasioned by the fettling, that two of the twenty huge
ftones compofing the arch have yawned afunder full an inch and a quarter; and
the great ftones of the wall of the middle aile, ten paces Weftward, are rent
in their joints, and three are broken. A perfon Standing on the great cornice
of the middle aile will perceive that the North- Weft pier has funk at leaft
four inches; the finking of the others are difcernible on the fides next the choir,
in the two- tranfepts, and in the well of the Stair-cafe, from the top to the, bottom.
Moft fortunately the whole dome appears to have funk together, without injuring
any part of it ; for the fiffures are almoft wholly confined to the junctions of the
choir, nave,, and tranfepts, with the dome.
Dreadful might have been the confequences, had one pier only given way.
The laft circle of ftone on the dome is between two and three feet thick. This
has fquare blank windows, with perforations in the corners, for the double purpofes
of admitting light and air.
At intervals of about eight feet within, Strong wedges of ftone, pierced at the
lower end into tall arches, and above into circles, fill the fpace between a brick cone

116 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
-cone and the wall. Between each of thofe wedges, arches In -the cone difcover
the inner cupola, on which are the paintings by Sir James Thornhill. Wedges of
brick encircle the interval.
Every ftone wedge fupports two upright timbers, about one foot fquare, reach
ing to the fourth gradation in the great arch of the external dome. The fecond ho
rizontal timber is the bafe of the great ribs. Under this are two ranges of fcantling,
the whole circumference of the circle ; the lower one fupported by two uprights
between each wedge ; and the other by eight, refting on the Stone-work. The
diminutive Size of thofe fupports gives a difagreeable idea of weaknefs, compared
with the vaft ribs. The remaining horizontal pieces in the afcent, four in num
ber, reft upon Strong brackets of ftone, inferted quite througli the brick cone.
Another feries of uprights fpring from the fecond row of brackets, which are
fecured by angular timbers ; and the whole, at proper intervals, by Strong bands
of iron.
There are about feventy ribs, which are clofely covered with oaken boards ; and
on thofe the outward covering of copper is faftened. Wit'iin this vaft femicircle
hangs a fteep and dangerous flight of Stairs, buried almoft in total darknefs, but
which is hourly afcended and defcended by visitors from every pirt of the world,
who, heated and fatigued, are hardly recompenced by the view from the Golden
Gallery, as it is called, on the fummit of the cupola and bafe of the lantern ; for
the fmoke hangs in clouds in every direction, to the complete exclufion of diftant
vifion. At four o'clock in the morning in June, the proSpect from thence muft
be highly gratifying. The interval between the dome and the cone is inconceiv
ably hot on a clear fummer day ; and I do not doubt but that chickens might
be hatched there in a warm feafon.
The lantern refts upon the cone; and within it is a windlafs.
I imagine the fuperficies of the whole building and pillars, in thofe parts where
the rain has full effect, to have loft about a quarter of an inch in folidity fince
the church was erecled. This fact is to be ascertained without difficulty ; for the
hard fubftances in the texture of the ftone remain erect, while the perishable parts
have fallen away, evincing Portland ftone to be far lefs durable than oak, equally
expofed to the weather. Indeed it feems to be but an imperfect cement of fands
and the Shells of marine animals.
Not one fymptom of decay attends the frame of the great bell ; but the joints
of the pillars have deep indentings, thus gradually forming channels for the rain,
which pours with exceffive violence againft the towers and dome. The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. in
The Surveyor of the Works certainly failed in his duty, when he permitted
mortar decidedly bad to be ufed upon fuch a building as St. Paul's ; and, however
rapidly the Stone has decayed, the cement is ftill worfe. The bafes of the great
round pillars on the towers will admit my hand fix inches in depth between them
and the furface of the cornice. This circumftance would not have been credited
by me, had I not rifked my life in afcertaining the fact ; and I will venture to fay,
defects in a Structure loaded by Such a bell as that on which the hour is tolled,
j(and two others of confiderable weight, Should be attended to and repaired.
The fculpture of the capitals, cornices, and other ornaments of the towers, are
finely executed ; and but little injured on the Eaft and North fides : but the fea-r
tures, fingers, and toes of the front Statues, are miferably corroded.
In 1700, " The great bell, formerly called Tom of Weftminfter, was new eaft by
Mr. Philip Wightman, at his melting houfe, on Windmill hill, and proves
extraordinary well. It weighs above five tuns, having an addition made to it of the
weight of a tun. It will be erected again at St. Paul's cathedral in a Short time *."
There is no other infeription on it than " Richard Phelps made me, 17 16."
The oaken frame for this great bell is admirably contrived to diftribute the
weight on every fide of the tower; and it hangs in a cylinder of ftone pierced
with eight apertures.
The found of this enormous mafs of metal is terrific, when in the colonade fur-
rounding it ; but at a distance the tone is very mufical. I have often remarked,
when I refided in the New Road, Somers-town, that a 'Strong North-Eaft wind
invariably enabled me toliear the hours tolled as clear as if the church had been
Situated within a quarter of a mile of my refidence ; and that, when the wind was
due Eaft, South- Weft, or North, not a found is to be distinguished. Now it is
to be recollected that Somers-town is directly North-North- Weft of St. Paul's,
and that the diftance is full two miles and a half on a Straight line; confe
quently, a North-Eaft wind would convey the vibration totally from it to Lam
beth. If there were any object higher or as high as the bell near it, this effect
might be accounted for by reverberation ; but that is not the fact. Is it that a wind
from the North-Eaft carries the fmoke from us, and that the found travels more
distinctly than when we are enveloped in it ? This idea feems to be confuted by
the progrefs of founds at other feafons. For inftance, I was at Southgate in the
* Prc-teftant Mercury, July 3 j, 170Q.
Vol. III. Q Spring

11« CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
fpring of 1798, when a gentle South wind prevailed, which brought with it every
defcription of founds from London. The eternal din of carts and coaches could
clearly be distinguished from the drums of the London militia, who were then
paraded on the field back of Pentonville ; and at my prefent residence, in Charlron-
ftreet, Somers-town, a South wind brings fuch a donfufion of noifes in an even
ing, that it quite confufes the brain. The tatoo, beaten at the hours of eight,
nine, ten, and eleven, for the guard in St. James's park, may be distinguished
even to each distinct ftroke and roll of the drum. When the wind is North, we
hear no founds of any defcription.
Thefe facts lead me to place, implicit credit in the Story of the foldier accufed of
Sleeping upon guard at Windfor ; but who faved himfelf from punifhment by
declaring he had counted St. Paul's clock when it Struck thirteen, which upon
enquiry was found to be the truth. At leaft I firmly believe this great bell may
be heard, at times, twenty miles from the church.
It is never ufed but for tolling at the funerals and paffing-bell of members of
the Royal Family, the BiShops of London, and the Lord Mayor, if he die in his
mayoralty. It has been Silent fince 1790, when it informed the City that the
Duke of Cumberland had departed this life.
Many of the defects which are obfervable in the church of St. Paul do not
belong to the Architect. He certainly was obliged to Submit to the pitiable
restrictions of men who were utterly devoid of tafte ; and this the world may per
ceive from the beautiful engraving of Rooker, reprefenting the St. Paul's of Sir
Chriftopher Wren. The Academy of Painting were fully fenfible of the deficiences *
in ornament which prevail throughout the building, pointed out by Sir Chriftopher
in great blanks, that he would willingly have filled by fculpture ; and they liberally
offered, in 1773, to remedy thefe defects, by pictures painted gratis. Sirjofhua
Reynolds, their prefident, waited upon Bilhop Newton, and reprefented to him
that painting never would' meet with due encouragement in England till it was
admitted into churches, where grand religious fubjeets contribute to exalt the
ideas of the multitude to a juft conception of the Divinity; at the fame time
declaring, that himfelf, Mrs, Kauffman, Meffrs. Weft, Cipriani, Barry, and
Dance, would paint certain pictures, to be firft fubmitted to the Academy, then.
prefented to the Dean and Chapter, and any alterations, made which might be.
pointed out by them. The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 119
, The Dean and Chapter highly approved of the offer, and his Majefty concurred
entirely with the propofal ; but ftill higher powers, Archbifhop Cornwallis
and Dr. Terrick, -'//approved, as it is faid, becaufe -popular clamours would arife,
that Popery and Saints were again to be introduced into our churches.
The Dean propofed, as an experiment, that the fquare compartments at the
upper end of the choir, Should be filled by two paintings, the productions of
Reynolds and Weft; Chrift in the manger, and Mofes receiving the tables; but
this was refufed by the fame grave Divines and Right Reverend Fathers, who
Should have carried their zeal into the cupola, and evinced it by fcraping off the
idolatrous paintings there.
One objection, which would have been well founded, and not quite fo
intolerant, efcaped them ; the dampnefs of the walls, an irreconcileable enemy to
paint, an insinuating foe, which would have demolished even the Pope himfelf in
a few years, had he been reprefented on them.
A fubfequent aera produced far different ideas. The prefent enlightened
Dean, Dr. Jeffreys, Dr. Farmer, and Dr. Jackfon, then Refidentiaries, together
with the Prelates who now prefide over St. Paul's, diffipated the mift of prejudice,
and made the Metropolitan Church a receptacle for the tombs of men eminently
confpicuous for the benefits they have rendered their country. That coun
try called for two ; and they arofe. The Legislature have decreed others ;
and they will arife. How animating the thought ! Behold a Coloffus of Morality
on the left, a guardian of Difirefs on the right, conductors to the gates qf Reli
gion. Let no man's name be recorded here, wliofe exiftence is forgotten every
where elfe ; let no falfe praife defile the purity of this place. I conjure you, future
Deans, future Chapters, admit memorials for none but thofe who have been
eminently virtuous, or greatly courageous in their Country's defence.
The circumftance which led to the admiflion of tombs into St. Paul's was the
fpirited gratitude of feveral worthy gentlemen, who admired the unwearied efforts
of Mr. Howard in the caufe of debtors and criminals. They determined to folicit,
and obtained fubfcriptions, in order to raife a ftatue to him in fome public fitua
tion. Many were pointed out; and Mr. Hedger offered to erect a crefcent to the
name of Howard, with a fuitable place for his ftatue ; but the modefty of the
worthy philanthropist refufed this honourable distinction. Part of the fubfcriptions
received were intended to be returned. The fum of 200I. was actually given to pri-
foners confined in the .feveral gaols ; and a medal was to have been made with the
Q. 2 remainder.

T2G CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
remainder. But, Mr. Howard's death intervening, all objections to the original
intention vanifhed ; and the Rev. John Pridden, one of the minor canons of
St. Paul's (to whom I am obliged for the lift of that refpectable college, p. 27),
fuggefted the propriety of endeavouring to obtain permiffion to erect the ftatue in
St. Paul's.
The Dean and Chapter were applied to, and tbey inftantly confented ; at the
fame time intimating, " that no fee Should be required for its admifiion, and that
no monument fliould be erected without the defign being firft approved of by a
Committee of the Royal Academicians;" and to this laudable determination they
have religioufly adhered whenever the Houfe of Commons voted national me
mentos. A committee * of the fubfcribers immediately agreed with the lamented
Mr. Bacon to make the monument for 1300 guineas ; which he opened to
public inspection on the 23d of February 1796. On this occafion this -valuable
Artift addreffed Mr. John Nichols (who, in conjunction with the late Rev. Dr. John
Warner and Dr. Lettfom, originally projected the defign -j~) as follows ;
" Dear Sir, Newman-ftreet , Mareh 7.
" Agreeably to your requeft, I fend you the ideas which predominated in my
mind, whilft forming the Statues of the late Mr. Howard and of Dr. Johnfon,
erected lately in St. Paul's cathedral.
" My principal object, in composing the ftatue of Mr. Howard, was, to pre
fent as much of the character of aclive benevolence as a Single figure would afford.
The right foot being placed confiderably forward, and the body advanced upon it,
is intended to give motion to the figure; while the expreffion of Benevolence is.
attempted in the feveral features of the face, and the inclined air of the head.
" He holds a fcroll of papers in his left hand : on one is written, " Plan for tfee
Improvement of Prifons ;" and on a corner of another, the word " Hofpitals" is
introduced, pointing out the principal objects of his exertions. Another paper,.
at the foot of the ftatue, has the word "Regulations" written. In his right hand
he holds a key, by which is expreffed the circumftance of his exploring dungeons -y
and the ring and chains among which he Stands are defigned to intereft the feelings.
of the fpectator in the mifery of the inhabitants of thofe wretched abodes ; while
* Whofe names are preferved in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. LXVI. p. 179.
¦\ See Dr. Lettfom's Hints to promote Beneficence, Temperance, and Medical. Science, 1801,
vol.il. p. 143. his

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 121
his trampling on fome fetters, which lie on the ground, fuggefts the hoftility of
his fentiments to their fufferings. It was my earneft wifh to have made this
monument a groupe of two figures : Mr. Howard railing up a prifoner from the
ground ; which, from a natural inflexion of the body, and engagement of the
arms with the diftreffed object, towards whom the tender expreffions of the Coun
tenance would all have been directed^ and this, with the fehtiment of gratitude
in the prifoner, would more forcibly have impreffed the character of Benevolence
on the fubjedt of the monument. And I cannot omit my acknowledgements to
the Committee for their concurrence with my wishes, and their approbation of the
model of the groupe. But, as it was thought, by thofe to whom it was left to
decide on the fubject, that a fingle figure would be neceffary for the fake of
uniformity with Dr. Johnfon's ftatue, which had a correfpondent fituation, the
Committee directed a bas-relief on the pedeftal to complete the defign. This
reprefents a fcene in a prifon, where Mr. Howard, having broken the chains of
the prifoners, is bringing provisions and cloathing for their relief.
" The ftatue of Dr. Johnfon requires little, explanation. A Moral Philofopher,
merely with the attitude and expreffion of intenfe thought, is too Simple to
admit of enlargement, without the aid of imagination. A few words Shall fuffice.
" I have efpecially attempted in this work to unite (what is indeed very difficult
to effect) that eafe which is fo proper for a figure engaged in Study, with the
energy which was fo univerfally acknowledged to belong to him who is the fubject
of it. I have alfo aimed that a magnitude of parts, and grandeur of ftyle, in the
ftatue, fliould accord with the mafculine fenfe with which his writings are fo
Strongly impregnated, and the nervous ftyle in which it is conveyed to mankind.
" His complexional character, and that of his works, I hope, will juftify my
having given him an expreffion tinctured with feverity, to which his vigour of
thinking muft ever contribute. By making him lean againft a column, I fuggeft
his own firmnefs of mind, as well #s the Stability of his maxims.
" It would be unpardonable in me, on this winding up of the bufinefs, to omit
expreffing my gratitude to you, Sir, for your exertions in it, for the facrifices
you have made, and the advantages I have derived from them.
*' I have the honour to be, dear fir,
" Your much obliged, and faithful fervant,
" J. Bacon." Every

122 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
-Every admirer of fculpture muft regret that Mr. Bacon's idea of a groupe was
riot adopted. Where was the fancy of our Academicians roving, when they rejected
a groupe for a Single figure ? Are the actions of man to be fattened down to uni
formity ? Are Statues to be drilled, like foldiers, every arm to move in unifon,
every foot to advance to an equal diftance with its oppofite or its fellow ? Abfurd!
Dr. Johnfon was a ftudious philofopher : place him alone, even by the midnight
lamp if neceffary, placid, inactive. But Mr. JHoward poffeffed a foul ever
bounding beyond the confines of the ground he ftood on ; a foul that, with
" thundering knocks broke prifon locks ;" and limbs that were eager to execute its
dictates. Shall we place him tottering over manacles, and hefitating with his key?
No; Shew him, like Bacon's conception, agitated by humanity, impatience, and
benevolence, relieving the victims almoft too rapidly for prudence. Academi
cians, away again to fchool !
The epitaph on Mr. Howard's monument, written by Samuel Whitbread, efq.
the fon of one of Mr. Howard's warmeft friends, is as follows :
*' This extraordinary Man had the fortune to be honoured whilft living
in the manner Which his virtues deferved —
He received the thanks
of both Houfes of the British and Irish Parliaments,
for his eminent fervices rendered to his country and to mankind.
Our national Prifons and Hofpitals,
improved upon thefuggeftions of his wifdom,
bear testimony to the folidity of his judgement,
and to the estimation in which he was held.
In every part of the civilifed World,
which he traverfed to reduce the fum of human mifery,
from the Throne to the Dungeon, his name was mentioned '
with refpect, gratitude, and admiration.
His modefty alone
defeated various efforts which were made, during his life,
to erect this Statue,
.which the publick has now confecrated to his memory.
He was born at Hackney, in the county of Middlefex, Sept. n. mdccxxvi.
The early part of his life he fpent in retirement, refiding

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 12.
refiding principally upon his paternal eftate
at Cardington, in Bedfordshire;
for which county he ferved the office of Sheriff
< in the year m.dcclxxiii.
He expired at Cherfon, in Ruffian Tartary, on the xxth of Jan. M.DCC.xe.
a victim to the perilous and benevolent attempt
to afcertain the caufe of, and find an efficacious remedy
for, the Plague.
He trod an open, but unfrequented path to immortality,
in the ardent and unremitted exercife of Chriftian charity.
May this tribute to his fame
excite an emulation of his truly glorious atchievements !"
On Dr. Johnfon's tomb is infcribed, by Dr. Parr:
a £ a v
SAMVELI . JOHNSON
GRAMMATICQ . ET . CRITICO
SCRIPTORVM . ANGLICORVM . LITTER ATE . PERITO
POETAE . LVMINIBVS . SENTENTIARVM
ET . PONDERIBVS . VERBORVM . ADMIRABILI
i
MAGISTRO . VIRTVTIS . GRAVISSIMO
HOMINI . OPTIMO . ET . SINGVLARIS . EXEMPLI

Qyi . VIXIT • ANN . LXXV . MENS . il DIEB . XIIlJ
DECESSIT . IDIB . DECEMBR . ANN . CHRIST . cId.-DCCLXXXHIT.
SEPVLT . IN . AED . SANCT ¦ PETR . W.ESTMONASTERIENS.
XIll . KAL . IANVAR . ANN . CHRIST . cId.IdCC. LXXXV..
AMICI . ET . SODALES . LITTERARII
, PECVNIA . CONLATA
H. M. FACIVND . CVRAVER.''.
On one Side of the monument :

FACIEBAT IOHANNES BACON. SCVLPTOJR A NN. CHRIST. M.DCC.LXXXXV. -
The

124 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The great pannel between the two pilafters of the South-Weft pier of the dome,
forming the Weftern fide of the middle aile of the South tranfept, has been filled
by the monument of Captain Burges, which was opened Nov. 15, 1802. It is the
production of Mr. Banks, and confifts of a beautiful antique pedeftal, adorned by
very claffical fculptures in relief, reprefenting Defeat and Captivity by figures
leading to prifon, and others reclining, in attitudes expreflive of Shame and
remorfe ; relieved by prows of Ships, to Shew that the caufe of the memento
originated in a naval battle.
The monument thus far is faultlefs ; but I ever did, and ever muft, object to
Allegory, as a fubftitute for Hiftory. That ideal perfonage Victory defcends
upon the pedeftal, and prefents a fword to the Captain, who is almoft literally
naked. His attitude and manner of receiving it are excellent ; but the Goddefs
is a poor inanimate ftatue, by no means characteristic of fo Spirited a deity. She
is decently cloathed ; and, for the fake of mere decency, I with the Captain had
been allowed even a Roman mantle. Was there no incident in the conteft
during which the brave Burges fell, that might have furnifhed a hint for this
monument, or enabled the Sculptor to have Shewn him as he appeared at the time
of the action ; an Englifh Captain of a man of war, fuffering with fortitude, dying
at the moment of victory ? Obliterate the infcription ; and who is he ? Not a
Briton. We have no naked naval Captains. If a man would redden with Shame"
and indignation at barely being aSked to enter a friend's houfe Stripped, how is it
that we dare prophane the houfe of God with fuch indecent representations? I
am perfectly aware of the anfwer, " God made man naked ; and his perfon is
disfigured by cloathing. Befides, the beautiful ramifications of the mufcles
are hid by drapery." Very true. Then why do not the profeffors of the
imitative art, Strip their figures in paintings of every clafs ? Why Shew an
officer naked in St. Paul's, when they would hang him up in the exhibition
clad in the wretched coftume of a naval commander ? Perhaps it is from a fear of
ridicule, or refpect for the ladies. Is modefty then more confulted in an exhibition-
room than in a church ? Thefe Roman fancies are abfurd to the laft extreme :
Dr. Jphnfon is a Roman, Mr. Howard is a Roman, and Captain Burges is a Roman ;
and Romans they muft remain. But, in the name of propriety, let future
fratues for St. Paul's be Britons in their features, their actions, and their
habits. For my part, I would rather copy the features of the rougheft brave
common

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. in
'Common foldier, or ugly rugged tar, beaming with compaffion for his fuffering
¦commander, than thofe of Victory, Juno, Minerva, or any other god or goddefs
in the compafs of Tooke's Pantheon.
'This 'monument is not protected by a railing ; confequently parts have already
been injured by thofe whofe comprehenfion receives aid from feeling the object
before them.
The infcription is i " Sacred to the memory
of Richard Rundell Burges, efq.
Commander of his Majefty's Ship Ardent,
who fell, in the 43d year of his age,
while bravely fupporting the honour of the
British flag,
in a daring and fuccefsful attempt to break
the enemy's line, near Camperdown,
on the nth of October, 1797.
His Skill, coolnefs, and intrepidity,
eminently contributed to a victory,
equally advantageous and glorious to his
country.
\ That grateful country,
by the unanimous act of her Legislature,
enrols his name
high in the lift of thofe Heroes,
who, under the bleffing of Providence,
have established and maintained her
naval fuperiority,
and her exalted rank among nations."
Oppofite to the tomb of Captain Burges is another, n<?t ye'tf open to public '
infpection, to the memory of the brave Captain Falkner, and the work of Rofli.
Uniformity has been preferved, almoft to making this monument a copy of
Captain Burges's, Neptune fupports the Hero; and Victory crowns him. It
Vol. III. R w^

126 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
will be remembered, that this method of proceeding will fave an infinite deal of
what the North American Indians call head-work ; or, what we denominate
invention. A niche under the Weft window of the South tranfept is to receive a monu
ment to General Sir Ralph Abercromby ; that of the oppofite Eaft window, one
for Lord Howe, by Flaxman ; the Northern pannels, thofe for Mofs and Riou,
by Roffi ; General Dundas, by Bacon ; Captain Weftern, by Banks ; and the
North- Weft pier, one to Sir William Jones. All voted by Parliament, except the
latter. A new pulpit has been recently erected, defigned by Mr. Milne, clerk of the .
works to the church. Many parts of it are handfome, but the effect is upon the
whole rather heavy. The carving is very good, by Mr. Wyatt, and an ingenious
Frenchman. Near the Weft end of the church, and on the South fide, is a door, from
which feveral fteps lead to a platform, inlaid with black and white marble, repre
fenting a Star, inclofed by a circle. Facing the door is a beautiful niche, adorned
with grotefque pilafters, and rich iron-work. This forms a bafe to a grand fpiral
geometrical ftair-cafe, eighteen fteps from which a door leads to the pavement of
the church ; and ninety-two others bring the paffenger to the gallery before
defcribed, whence is the entrance to the Library. The enrichments and beauty
of thefe Stairs, its windows, niches, and dome, are loft to the publick ; for
they have never been ufed, except to accommodate a pair of ftilliards of
enormous Size for weighing ftone when the church was built, a fire-engine, and
buckets. Library.
The North and South fides are formed by Strong piers, or pilafters, four in
number, whofe fronts are finely fculptured into, fculis, crowns, mitres, books,
fruit, and flowers. A gallery of oak extends round the room, the ornamental
carvings of which were done by Jonathan Maine, who had 61. ios. each^ for the
cantalivres under it. The cieljng is entirely plain ; but the floor is formed in the
old- fafhioned ftyle, with infinite labour and perfeverance, into a variety of
geometrical figures, by fmall pieces of oak. Over

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 127
Over the gallery and chimney, at the Eaft end, hangs a picture of Henry Comp
ton, biShop of London, painted, as I am informed, by Sir James Thornhill. It is
a half-length, feated in a high-backed leather chair, with a plan of St. Paul's irr
his hand, flowing hair, and grave countenance.
The worthy Prelate left his books to this Library, which contains but few MSS.
Amongft thofe are an old Calendar and Miffal. Another on vellum, infcribed,
" Hie liber eft ecclie Pauli, London. De dono bone memorie Henr' de Cornhell,
eid' eccl'ie Decani. Si vero quis afportavit, furripuit, furavit, vel aliq' modo
alienavit, anathema fit." Another given by Johes Som'feth ; and a fourth,
" Liber Rob. Hare, 1570."
The oldeft printed books are,
" Calliftrati Ecphrafes Gr."
" Luciani Opera, edit. Col. 1477, fol. & Ven. 1503."
" Ambrofii Divi Epifc. Mediolanenfis Opera ; Baf. 149a."
" Baptifte F. Mantuani Opera, 1495," 4to.
Eighteen English Bibles, printed between 1539 and 1586.
And the " Holy Bible, ed. Camb. 1660. Donum Marias Home, vid. relict.
Roberti Home civis et Bibliopolee Lond. dicatum Altari Ecclefiae Cathedralis Divi
Pauli Lond. anno Salutis Christianas 1705."
Walton's Polyglott Bible.
" Graduale Romanum juxta Miffale ex decreto Sacrofancti Concilii Tridentia
PiiV. Sec. Paris, 1660." This volume contains 864 pages of chants, and other
facred mufick in fcore.
Befides thofe, there are many valuable works, printed between the years 1500
and 1700.
" Nov. Teft. Grasc. cum notis MSS. et lectionibus variantibus collectis A. T.
Mangey." Dr. Newton, bifhop of Briftol, and dean of St. Paul's, has written in
this book. " Thefe valuable collections of the reverend and learned Dr. Mangey,
in three volumes folio, were prefented to the Library of St. Paul's ; by his worthy
fon, the Rev. Mr. Mangey, one of the prebendaries of the church, Nov. 10,
1780. Tho. Bristol. D."
1
The notes and various readings are on as many interleaved pages as there are of
letter-prefs, the margins of which are alfo crowded.
Ra On

128 CiTHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL-
On the oppofite fide of the church is a great room, exactly like the LiBrapy,.
and of the fame dimenfions, but unembellifhed and dirty, ufed for no other pur
pofe than to contain .the mutilated model faid to have been intended by Sir Chris
topher Wren for St. Paul's ; fome broken fragments of models- for Stalls ; and an-
altar-piece, with twifted columns.
A fortunate circumftance enables me to defcribe minutely the ragged flags which
hang in honourable fragments from the nave of St. Paul's. Thofe are mementos-
of the prowefs of our foldiers and failors ; the fruits of victories which have pre-
ferved the independence, and exalted the diminutive islands, of Great Britain. A.:
true Englishman will read with avidity this portion of my labours; and I am*
happy to fay it has been gleaned from clouds of antient honourable duft, at the
expence of a black face, foiled cloaths, and chimney- fweepers hands. St. Paul's--
underwent a thorough cleanfing in 1802,; previous to which, the colours were
taken down.. Thus I had it in my power to examine each, with no other, incon
venience than that juft mentioned.
Some of the flags are colourlefs, and' fo completely decayed, that the act of-
unrolling them was neceffarily a work of caution ;: it is> therefore, impoffible,.to fay;
with precision what their original defigns were.
On Wednefday Sept. 6, 1758, the colours taken at Louifbnrg were- carried
from Kenfington palace to St. Paul's. The proceflionxonfifted of detachments, of
horfe and foot grenadier guards, commanded by a field officer. Eleven ferjeants
ftad'the honour of carrying the flags, which were met at thergreat Weftern gate?
by the Dean and Chapter, and the Choir.
Thofe captured- during the late war, at Valenciennes, and in the Weft, Indies, .
were fent in the fame manner to the church. But the grand difplay of. triumph.
was referved for Dec. 19, 1797 ; when a general thankfgiving was celebrated, for
the three great naval victories atchieved by the fleets, under the com-mancfof Lord*-
Howe, St. Vincent, and Duncan, over thofe of the French, Spanish, and Bata-
vian nations. The Royal Family honoured the brave men prefent at the battles,,
who were deputed from- the fleets, with, their prefence, to witnefs .their offering
of the fruits of thofe victories at the altar of St. Paul's. They confifted of nine
flags ; two of France, three of Spain, and four of Holland, conveyed on the tops
of artillery waggons, guarded by the happy tars, followed by parties of lieutenants,
and a detachment of marines, with mufick. The flags, were placed in a circle,.
under the dome, attended by the feamen and the marines, arranged up the. middle"
aile. The-

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 129
The Royal family went in feveral coaches, drawn, by beautiful horfes, and were
received at the church as ufual by the clergy. When the king entered the circle
of flags, theyjwere boWed before him.
¦ The Houfes of Lords and Commons,., the Admirals, Lord Mayor, Aldermen,
and Comrion Council, had taken their places previous to the entrance of their
Majefties, who were feated under- a-crimfon -canopy, near the marble pillars at the
entrance of the choir.
When the fervice had proceeded to the completion of the firft leffon, the flag
officers entered the. choir, in two divisions, each bearing the end of a, Skg.xarried,
before them, and marching with- folemn fteps to the altar, there offered the nine
colours to the Almighty, mentally acknowledging, Non nobis, De-mine, non nobis,
fed notnini tua da gloriam. The text of the Dean's fermon was from Samuel,
xxiii. i — 3. '
Thofe flags were afterwards fufpended from the. great cornice of the dome;
where I hope they will remain till the tooth of Time fhall have deftroyed every
thread of their composition.
The colours captured by our land forces I Shall defcribe in the order I examined
them. They are replaced, on both Sides of :the nave.
1. A white field, with the tri-colpurs (white between red and blue) in the
Sinister. upper corner, and a tri-coloured; border. Motto, " ha Martinique recon-
noijfante au nom de la Republique Francaife, et prix de la..valeur Republkaine ,"
No. 37. '._•"•
2. A crofs engrailed, purple, with golden fleur-de-lis, on a white field, torn
arid decayed..
. 3-. Like the firft, ee Caze Plate"'.,
4. From Valenciennes. , Tri-coloured, a fleur-de-lis in each corner, in. the
centre a wreath of laurel, inclofing, " Peuple Francaife, la liberie ou- la mortef in-
golden letters,* on. a blue ground.
5. A tri-coloured Stag, each colour in the Shape of a wedge; From -Valen
ciennes. Torn and dirty ; but originally richly painted. " Department de Lo\r et
men."
6. A- tri-coloured upper corner, 'arid border of the fame,* a crofs, with a laurel
round 73, at eachrextremity a fleur-de-lis. "Difcipline, obeifance a la lei."
7. A Staff and fragment- From Valenciennes.. $'. From

130 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
8. From Martinique. A white crofs, furrounded by fquares of red, blue, and
white. 9. A fragment. From Valenciennes.
10. A tri-coloured flag, with a fleur-de-lis in each corner, and, within laurel,
11 Peuple Francais, V union fait la force''
1 1.' A fmall triangular Slag from Valenciennes, which probably ftood on a
baftion. xi. A fragment. Taken at Valenciennes.
13. A large white crofs, with the fquare corners furrounding it, divided into
green and white triangles. I fuppofe from Louifburg.
14. Alarge flag, with a triple border of the three colours, inclofing two fquares
of white and two of red, each containing a fleur-de-lis;, red and white in the
interfections, with embroidered bows and arrows.
15. A fragment of a white crofs, with a faded blue, or green, and white
ground, 16. A white flag, from Martinique, with 32 in the centre; the motto, "Dif
cipline, obeifance a la loi."
17. 18. Are like the above, with 31 and 87.
19. From Valenciennes. A white one; infcribed on a blue label, if Depart
ment de la Charente." The ftaff is painted in red and white blue, exactly like our
barbers' poles.
20. A very large flag. White crofs, and green and white field.
21. A fragment. Like the above.
aa. A tri-coloured banner, indented at the end. Motto, " Liberie, Egalite,
ou la mort, Republique Francaife."
23. A tri-coloured Valenciennes flag. " Francaife " only left.
24. A Martinique canvas flag, with the three colours, and a white field.
25. A ftaff and rags. From Valenciennes.
26. Rags of green and white.
27. Rags, and fragments of a crown.
28. A fragment. " Department de deux Severs"
29. A fragment. " Les citoyens de Mondidier a P" bataillon de la haute Charente
les Mars 1792" and other letters, illegible. From Valenciennes.
30. A large fragment. From Valenciennes.
31. A

CATHEDRAL OF ST, PAUL. l31
31. A very large faded flag, furmounted by the cap of Liberty. (Q. from a
citadel ?)
32. A fragment. From Valenciennes.
33. A tattered crofs. St. Faith's Church, and the Crypt.
A grand flight of Steps from the South tranfepts introduces us to this fepulchral
domain. I Shall mention the interments, and beg leave to refer my reader to' the
fecond volume for a hiftory of the antient church and parifh of St. Faith.
But firft, the Architect of St. Paul's arrefts our attention. Under the window
at the South-Eaft end of the church repofes Sir Chriftopher Wren, covered by a
plain ftone, raifed about 18 inches from the pavement. Here is duft upon duSt,
and afhes refts upon afhes, forming a fmooth furface over the infcription. Great
Architect ! thy bones Shall not be disturbed ; but thy mantle of duft muft, ere I
can fay thus are thy remains noticed.
" Here lieth Chriftoplier Wren, knight, builder of this cathedral church of
St. Paul, who died in the year of our Lord 1723, and of his age xci."
On the wall over his head is a tablet, with a border of ovals, infcribed,
" Subtus conditur hujus ecclefias et urbis conditor Chriftophorus Wren,
qui vixit annos ultra nonaginta, non fibi fed bono publico.
Lector, fi monumentum requiris, circumfpice.
Obiit Feb. 25, anno 1723, aetatis 91."
A corroded railing furrounds this neglected memorial, the author of whofe
infcription feems to have been athamed of the ftone which contains his lines. In
opposition to them, I declare that I am not fatisfied with his reference ; it is cer- <
tainly a reproach to the City of London, that it is his only monument.
Againft the fame wall an atchievment; three crowns, Or, on a field, Azure ;
and a lion rampant, Or, on a field Argent.
Clofe to Sir Chriftopher is a ftone infcribed, " In a vault beneath this ftone
are deposited the remains of Thomas Newton, D. D. lord biShop of Briftol, and
dean of this cathedral, who died Feb. 14, 1782, aged 78."
About 15 feet North-Eaft of Sir Chriftopher, " Here lies the remains of '
Sir Jofhua Reynolds, knt. Prefident of the Royal Academy of Painting, Sculp
ture, and Architecture. He was born at Plympton, in Devonfhire, the 16th of
July i723;^and died, at London, the 23d of Feb. 1792." Eliz.

132 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Eliz. Wifeman, 1694, aged 51.
John de la Fontaine, of Kerby-bellars, Leicestershire, died. the 8th of May,
1708, aged 70.
Thomas Felfted, prebendary, and rector of Chrift Church, Surrey, 20 years,
aged 54, 171 1. Mary Felfted, his wife, 1724, aged 60.
Charles Worfley, efq. feCond fon of Sir James Worfley, knt. of Pilewell,
county of Southampton, and one of the matters of the Bench of the Middle Tem
ple, 1730, aged 6$.
Mary Knight, widow of Thomas Knight, efq. and daughter of the Rev. Henry
Goftling, rector of St. Gregory's, Old FiSh-ftreet, who -died Nov. 20, 1773,
aged 75.
Mary Hudfon, r8oi, aged 43. Robert Hudfon, aged 77.
John Taylor, LL. D. archdeacon of Buckingham, chancellor of St. Paul's, &c«
1766, aged 63.
Thomas Jackfon, D. D. canon residentiary, rector of Yarlington, and chap
lain in ordinary to his majefty, 1797, aged 53.
Barbara Comyn, 1750, aged 35.
Edward George Wilfon, efq. fecond Ton of Dr. G. Wilfon, 1781, 22.
George Ludwich Dunt, 1706, 46; and four children. Deborah Dunt, iis
wife, 17.48, aged 8.0. Thomas Dunt, 1752, 49.
Jafper Waters, 1774, 75. Deborah Waters, his wife, 1788, 89.
-William Boyce, M. D. organift, compofer, and mafter of the band of mufick
•to their majefties King George II. and III. died Feb. 7, 1779, aged 69.
" Happy in his compofitions, much happier in a conftant flow of harmony
through every fcene of life, relative or domeftic. The hufband, father, friend."
Mofes Wight, M.A. 1795, .75. Ann Wight, his wife, 178^2, 58.
Rev. William Fitzherbert, A. M. fubdean, 1797, 84.
Jonathan Lane, 1715, 58. Thomas Lane, 1721, 23,
Margaret Lane, 1745, 86.
Charles Henry Boothe.
Rev. John Gibbons, fenior cardinal, 1783, 61.
Mellony Gibbons, wife of the Rev. J. Gibbons, fenior, A. M. 1780, 64.
Dame Mary Robinfon, wife of Sir William Robinfon, of Newby, Yorkshire,
bart. 1717. Thomas

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 139
Thomas Cooke, 169a, 67.
Thomas Bennet, 1706, 42.
John Howel, gentleman of the Chapels Royal, St. Peter's, and St. Paul's,
1708, 38. St. Faith's
contains one monument, with the effigies of the deceafed and his wife kneeling
before a defk and books, ora a pedeftal, with an Ionic pediment behind them. It
was with difficulty 1 difcovered "Johannis Martin  Typographic the re
mainder being illegible.
Mary Soper, 1791, 6$.
Abraham Badcock *, 1797, 48.
John Benoift de Mainauduc, M. D. 1797, 59.
Margaret Powell, 1778, 33. Mercy Powell, 1802, 57.
Michael Hatton, 1750, 55. -
Oliver Williams, 1693, 48.
Robert Knaplock, bookfeller 
Katharine Brewfter, 1707, .14. Frances Brewfter, 1716, 81.
Edward Brewfter, Stationer, 171.., 87.
Leonard Towne 
Lydia Stubbs, 1779, 51. Eliz. Walrond 
Eliz. Barrow, 1730, 19. Thomas Barrow, 1736, 61,
Richard Turner, 1707, 51. Catharine Turner .... 63.
John Carter, 1743. Eliz. Glover, 1755, 21.
Robert Sylvanus Hall,,i77i. Anne Hall, 1774, 28.
Sylvanus Hall, 1792, 62. 27 years carpenter to the church.
In another part of the vaults,
Harriet Eliz. Channing, 1785, 14. Joanna Channing, 1789, 53.
John Channing, efq. 1792, 61. An infant; and Charlotte Channing, 1796, 35.
. ^William Hayes, M. A. minor canon and fenior cardinal, 1790, aged 49.
John Soaper, vicar-choral, and gentleman of the Chapels Royal, 1794, 51.
William Neale, 1783, 68. Maria Neale, 1783, 58.
John Banks, 1791, 59. 29 years verger ; and his fon, John Banks.
Mary Anne Horder (daughter of Riches Reed, verger, here buried)- 1798, 19*
Richard Wall, Steward to the Marquis of Lanfdown, 1791, 73.
* Sec Gent. Mag. vol. LXVII. p. 436.
Vol. III. S Ann

134 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Ann Gould, 1775, 3^-
Richard Gould, 1798, 6$. 36 years dean's verger, and clerk of the works.
John Rowden, verger 46 years, 1758, 70.
James Luckett, verger 27 years, 1748, 66.
John Oliver, efq. mafter mafon to King James II. and to this building 170.., 81.
A Corinthian tablet, to Thomas Bennet, citizen and Stationer, 1706, 42.
At Sir Chriftopher Wren's feet, a tablet, with a border of flowers, and infants
withdrawing a curtain, to William Holder, S.T. P. and Sufannah his wife, 1697.
On a wall nearly oppofite, " D. O. M. S. Hie requiefcit in pace Maria con-
jux Chriftophori Wren, arm. filia Philippi et Conftantiae Mufard; foemina omnium
virtutum foecundtffima ; puerperid deceflit x Decembris, A. D .17 1 2.
, Uxori optimee et obfequentiSfimae maritus cum lacrymis pofuit.
Hie jacet etiam Philippus Mufard Gen. obiit 1 Julii, A. D 1714.
Hie Situs eft Gonftantia, uxor Philippi Mufard; obiit 29 Mar. 1729, set. 74."
The Rev. Mr. Watts, of Sion College, has obliged me with the following
information. " In a fale of prints, &c. at Willoughby 's, in Villiers-ftreer, in
the Strand, Nov. 27, 1782, was (among feveral drawings, Sketches, &c. of Sir
Chriftopher Wren's) a ground plot of old and new St. Paul's : the old plan laid
down very particularly ; the general out-line only of the new one, laid over it.
From this drawing it appeared, that the old cathedral did not ftand in the fame
direction with the new, the latter inclining rather to the South- Weft and North-
Eaft, and the Weft front of the old church came much further towards Ludgate
than the prefent."
The antient Form op Worship
was celebrated in St. Paul's with great magnificence, and the altars were without
doubt adorned in the richeft manner poSfible. Unfortunately, the exceffive zeal
of Reformers difabled Sir William Dugdale from conveying to us any information
¦upon the fubject which is at all fatisfactoFy. The high altar muft have been the
moft fuperb : but of this I am able to fay nothing more than that an indenture is,
ftill preferved at St. Paul's, of which the following is a copy.
" Cefte endent'e faite pentre les Dean et Chapitre del Eglife de Seint Paule
de Loundre d'une parte, et Herebright de Coloyne •citizein et peyntor de Loun-
dres d*autre parte, tefmoigne, que le dit Herebright eft covenante ove lez ditz
Dean et Chapitre et ad eup's de lour ovir et depeyntir une ymage de Saint Paule
•vefq' fon tabernacle, oze ,pSit faitez de carpentre efteant al fyn, et d'eftre gtie del
principals

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 135
principale autir de la dite Eglife, les queles ymage et tabernacle ferront bien et co
venablement ovez et depeyntez p tout acordant fi bient fi oz come en ovaigne de
peynte, le quele ovaigne fuifdite fera bien et covenablement faite et ove, en tout
ces quil enbofoignera de peynture, folone les man'e et fourme de avnditz, devnt le fefte
de Noell <pfchein enfuant aps la dat d'iceftes, ou a pluis darrein dedens xv jours
jpfcheins enfuant mefme le fefte. Et le dit Herebright ava et <pv'dra dez ditz Dean
et Chapitre p tout l'ovaigne fuisdit xn marcz d'eft'linges, dount il fra paye en
mayn a la fefaunce d'iceftez de vi marcz, et il fra paie al fyn du dit ovaigne de lez
autres vr marcs ; et outre ces, qnt le dit Herebright ou fes executors eyt ou eyent
faitz et pformez covenablement toutz les ovaignes et covenauntz fuifditz, s'il
femblera as ditz Dean et Chapitre q' les ditz xn marcs ne foyent affetz p/ cottages
et travaille du dit Herebright en cette ptie, folone lor bon difcrecion et confcience,
p due enformacion et avys de bones et loialx geritz q'ount bone conufance de tielx
ovaigne p les Dean et Chaptre ou lour fucceffours ent a eflire et a pndre, iis rewar-
derent le dit Herebright  outre la foume avnditz. Et pT bien et loialment tenir
et acomplier toutz les covenauntz fuifditz dep le dit Herebright, le mefme Here-
bright fe oblige, fes heirs et fes executors, as ditz Dean et Chapitre, et a lour fuccef
fours, en xx marcs d'eft'ling, a paiers as ditz Dean et Chapitre, a lor fucceffours ou
attornes, en la mefon del Chapitre de la dite Eglife de Seint Paule, dedeins un moys
jpfchein aps le fefte ftiifdit. En tefmoignante de quele chofe, les pties avnditz a
cefte endentures entrechaungeablement ount mys lor fealx. -Done a Loundres
le xiii jour de Auguft, l'an du regn'e le Roy Richard scde puis le eonquefte
vntifme fecoUnde."
- 1 do not recollect that Dugdale mentions the name of Herebright ; but he fays
that Ralph de Baldock, biShop of London, employed Richard Pickerell to make
a beautiful tablet of jewelry and enamel with metal figures of Saints, which was
placed between two columns, in a wooden frame, adorned with paintings, and
probably gilding. This was in 1309, and the fum expended 200 marks. And
that a picture of St. Paul, painted in a tabernacle, 1398, was placed on the
right hand of the high altar, which coft 12I. 16s.
The ornaments, utenfils, cafes for reliques, candlesticks, croffes, chalices, &c. &c.
ufed at this and other altars, are defcribed at length in the Monafticon, and are
too numerous for infertion. The grandeur of the altar cloths, and facred habits
of the biShop and priefts, were equally abundant.
S 2 1438,

136 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
1428, July 30. Henry Barton, mayor of London, gave a great cenfer of
Silver, weighing 13 lb. 40Z. troy; which he requested might be ufed on Monday,
Tuefday, and Wednefday, in Whitfun-week *.
The offerings made at this altar muft have produced a confiderable annual fum.
A mixture of religion and levity accompanied the yearly payments of a buck and
a doe by Sir William le Baud, knt. the former on the Commemoration and the
latter on the Converfion of St. Paul. The Knight rented of the Dean and chapter
22 acres of land, at Weft Lee, in Effex; and granted the animals 1274.
The Knight's family made a proceffion to prefent the deer, which were to be
borne through the priefts aflembled for the offices to the very altar, and afterward
divided amongft the canons refident.
Sir William's fon and heir, 27 years afterward, contrived to have the ceremony
performed by one fervant, and a deputation of part of the family; and the cuftom
was continued till the time of Queen Elizabeth, when the clergy were ufed to
meet the buck and doe at the entrance of the choir, in their copes, with garlands
of flowers on their heads, and follow the horns of the animal in proceffion, round
the body of the church, accompanied by the founding of horns ; an exhibition
only to be paralleled by the ceremonies in ufe among their antient predeceffors
the priefts of Diana, to which this farce bore a Strong refemblance.
The Shrine of St. Erkenwald, biShop of London, appears to have been next in
honour to the great altar. This bifhop obtained the title of Saint, accord
ing to our historians, by a moft exemplary life, and a Strict attention to his
diocefe. He founded the monasteries of Chertfey and Barking ; and when un
able, from illnefs, to preach in the ufual manner, he defired his attendants to
convey him from place to place on a bier or litter, from which he taught and
admonished his diocefans. The above particulars are extremely probable, and by
no means impoffible ; but we muft follow his panegyrists no farther.
The biographers of St. Erkenwald fay, that the effence Of his fanctity defcended
into the very bier which bore him, and retained the virtue fo Strongly as to heal
thofe Sick who touched it.
A man may conduct himfelf with fo much piety and goodnefs that the monks
and nuns of his foundation, and his fellow-citizens, might, and perhaps in St. Erken-
* Archives of St. Paul's. wald's

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL, 137
wald's cafe did, contend who Should poffefs his body after death; but thatPIeaven
fhould decide the conteft, by drawing away the waters of the River Lee, in order
to point the way to London, is as Stupid an invention as any in the Golden Legend.
Sir William Dugdale fays, that his Shrine ftood on the Eaft fide, above the
high altar, into which the decayed bones were conveyed in 1148, from the body
of the church, where he had been originally interred. As miracles were per
formed by thefe fcraps of mortality, it was neceffary to inclofe them within a
magnificent cafe ; accordingly, in 1339, three goldfmiths were employed on it
for a year, fo that we muft fuppofe the Shrine to have been very beautiful, or at
leaft very valuable, to have fparkled with precious ftones, and Shone with bur
nished gold and filver ; or perhaps the ftones were pafte, and the metal only
plated. Hollar's print reprefents the Shrine in an unfinished ftate ; a plain altar or
pedeftal fupporting an exquifite Gothic tabernacle, which would ferve as a model
for the gabel of a grand church.
This was for' a long period a focus for prayers, and a depositary for offerings.
John, king of France, when prifoner here, gave 12 nobles ; and in the 15th year
of King Richard II. Richard de Prefton prefented a fapphire. This man was a
grocer, and had the affurance to proclaim that his fapphire would cure all dif-
orders of the eyes.
Thomas Samkyn, fquire to the abbefs of Barking, gave the Saint a girdle of
filver. 1386. BiShop Braybroke decreed, that the days of the Converfion and Com
memoration of St. Paul Should be celebrated in his diocefe equally with the
higheft festivals, and united with them the anniverfary days of the burial and
tranflation of St. Erkenwald ; which feems to imply that the whole four had. been
rather neglected, efpecially as he offered 40 days indulgence to thofe who
attended. Fifteen thoufand perfons were once fed in St. Paul's church- yard, by order of
Henry III. on the day of the Converfion ; and fifteen hundred tapers blazed in the
church. 1393. Braybroke, determined to make thofe double festivals grand and im
portant, ordered that all the clergy of his diocefe fhould attend at St. Paul's in
their copes.
The Bleffed Mary had a chapel, and an altar, dedicated to her ; before which
a taper burnt during her offices, and at every preceffion before it, weighing 3 lb.
There

138 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
There was another altar facred to Our Lady in the new work Eaft of the choir,
which had feven tapers, each weighing 2 lb. burning during the celebrations, in
honour of God, Our Lady, and St. Lawrence. Againft " the fecond pillar on the
South fide from the fteeple Westwards ftood" what Dugdale calls " the glorious
Image of the Bleffed Virgin, before which a lamp burnt every night." Barnet,
biShop of Bath and Wells, left certain lands, in 1365, for an anthem, to be fung
„after matins, before this ftatue, with a verficle, a collect of the Virgin, " De
profundis," for the fouls of all the faithful, with the verficle and prayer, " Deus,
cujus miferatione," &c. ; and then the prieft to fay thus, Anima omnium fidelium
defunclorum, per Dei mifericordiam, requiefcant in pace *.
And' in the new work ftood another ftatue of the Virgin, to Which Hatfield,
biShop of Durham, invited all truly penitent, and confeffed of their Sins, to come
with the pious intent of giving books, veftments, or other ecclefiaftical ornaments,
or to fay a Pater-nofter and an Ave, in return for which he promifed them an
indulgence of 40 days pardon.
Near the door on the North fide of the church was a crucifix, to which
frequent oblations were made. Martin, biShop of St. David's, left a certain fum
to the gentlemen of the choir, to Sing " Sancte Deus fortis" before it.
In the nave ftood a great crofs, with a taper burning before it.
Befides thofe principal objects, or places for deyotion, there were many altars
and Statues dedicated to the faints in other parts of the church.
The fervice previous, to 1414 had been celebrated after a form intituled " Ufus
Sancti Pauli ;" but Clifford, then biShop of London, decreed that from that time
forward the celebrations Should be thofe of the church of Salisbury, " for all
canonical hours, both night and day."
There is now in the British Mufeum a large and beautiful Miffal, which
belonged to St. Paul's ; but every illumination has been carefully cut out.'
Engravings from thofe might have been an excellent illuftration of this part of
my fubject.
My readers may, by referring to the hiftory of the Abbey church of St. Peter,
Weftminfter, find the ufual method of proceeding in celebrating the obfequiespf
eminent perfons in old times. Thofe folemnized in St. Paul's were equally mag
nificent ; and I believe the following to be one of the laft which the Londoners
witneffed. v >
* Hifbry of Saint Paul's, p. 21.
" 1574.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL 139
" 1574, Auguft 7. The manner of the laft funeral exequies for the French
king. The order of the lords coming to the church :
" Firft, there went all gentlemen, two and two, in gowns, and hoods on their
Shoulders; then the officers of arms, in their coats of arms, two and two ^ then
the banner of the French king's arms, born by Sir William St. Lowe, in his long
gown, his hood on ; then garter principal king of arms, in the Queen's coat of
arms ; then the Lord Marquis of Winchefter, as chief mourner, his train borne
by Mr. Franknell, gentleman uiher to the Queen, and his own man fupporting
the fame.
" Then the Lord Dacres of the South, and the Lord of Hunfdon ; then the
Lord Cobham, and the Lord Scroop ; then the LordDarcy, and Sir Richard
Sackville ; then Sir Edward Warner and Mr. Charles Haward ; after them all their
yeomen, in black coats, two and two. In this order they proceeded into the
church up to the hearfe, where they were placed. The chief mourner had at the
head, kneeling at a Stool covered with black cloth, a cufhion of black velvet
under his arm ; under his knees one of black cloth, and on each fide five others
kneeling at Stools likewife ; at the feet of the hearfe Sir William, St. Lowe hold
ing his banner of arms ; and at every corner four heralds, holding, four banners of
his arms.
" Then the choir began the prayer, whereat was prefent the mayor and alder
men, the ambaffador of France,, the archbifhop of Canterbury, the biShops of
Hereford and Chichefter ; which prayer ended, the faid lords went to the BiShop!s
palace again, having theiE gentlemen and officers of arms before them.
" The next day they went again to the church, and offered in manner follow
ing: firft the chief mourner, the gentlemen and officers of arms before him, the
other mourners following, who offered for the ftate ; after the king's arms had
been offered, began the fermon by the biShop of Hereford,, as the biShop of Lon
don was ill *." The communion was administered by the archbifhop, affifted by
the biShops of Hereford and Chichefter. The. ceremony concluded with a dinner
at London-houfe.
The Biographical Dictionary -f gives a Sketch of the life of Arlotto, an Italian,
fecular prieft, a wit, improvifatore, or impromptu poet, who died at the advanced
* MS. in tke Cotton Library.. t Vo1- *• P- 46$.- age

140 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
age of 98, in 1483 *. From this man's whimfical conduct during his refidence in
England, we have an odd cuftom preferved, which prevailed at that time in the
fervice at St. Paul's. Arlotto was intimate with the Archdeacon Talbot, who
invited him to Sing mafs. " It was at that time the cuftom in this church for the
prieft, after mafs was ended, to fill the chalice with water, and, repeating a cer
tain bleffing, to moiften with it the eyes of drunkards and debauchees. Mafs
being over, this ufual practice was required of Arlotto, to whom neither the
cuftom, nor the Latin form of the bleffing, was known. In this dilemma, inftead
of the ufual bleffing, he employed the firft droll conceit his impatience infpired ;
and, as he Stroked the eyes of each that prefented them to his hand, he faid,
' Beite mens che mal pro vi poffa fare,' * Guzzle lefs, that you may efcape the
gallows.' The king thought the admonition extremely feafonable, and rewarded
the prieft with handfome prefents." St. Nicholas.
The English Feftival fpeaks thus of this Saint : "It is faid that his father
hight Epiphanius, and his mother Joanna. And when he was born, they made
him Chriftian, and called him Nicholas, that is, a. man's name; but he kecpeth
the name of a child, for he chofe to keep virtues, meeknefs, and Simplenefs, and
without malice. Alfo we read, while he lay in his cradle, he fafted Wednefday
and Friday. Thefe days he would fuck but once of the day, and therewith held
him pleafed. Thus he lived all his life in virtues, with his child's name ; " and
therefore children done him worShip before all other faints."
It is well known that the childifh ceremony of habiting a boy in the facred
robes of a biShop prevailed in antient times on Childermas day ; and that Dean
Colet orders, in the Statutes of St. Paul's fchool, that the youths there educated
Should attend the fermon of the chylde biShop, and high mafs, and offer one
penny to his diminutive reverence.
* Others fay he was only 87. He was buried in a tomb erected by himfelf, with this infcription :
" Quejle fepullura il Provano Arlotto lafecefare pera e per li chi ci vuolo inflrare."
A collection of his "Faceti li Falule e Motti" has been printed at Venice, 1,520, and feveral times fince.
Baretti, in his *' Italian Library," p. 2^3, fays, " he was a jolly fat confiftory curate about Bologna ;
and Genella, whofe witty fayings were published with his, a buffoon to the duke of Ferrara. While
wit was in its infancy, thefe two men were looked upon as the greatsfi: jefters in the world."
The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. Ut
The following is from a manufcript note by Sir John Hawkins, in the fecond
Volume of his " Hiftory of Mufick," p. 5.
" By the chylde bifhop fermon here mentioned we are to understand a difcourfe
delivered from the pulpit by one of the chorifters of St. Paul's cathedral, probably
the Epifcopus puerorum himfelf for the time being. From which cuftom we
may learn that this infant dignitary was wont to exercife another of the ecclefiafti
cal functions ; namely, that of preaching : a fact fo curious in, its circumftances,
and withal fo connected with the' fubject of this hiftory, that to explain, and by
undoubted evidence to eftablifh it, will hardly be thought an impertinent digref-
fion. It is true that there are existing fome fcattered notices of fuch a cuftom,
and allufions to fpeeches or orations uttered or delivered by children in the cha
racter of bifhops ; but thefe have been branded for their puerility, and have
never been fuppofed to be delivered ex cathedra, or to be worthy the attention of
an audience affembled for the purpofe of religious worfhip.
" In Puttenham's, 'Art of Poefie,' p. 228, it is related, that when a herald
came with a defiance to Francis I. from the Emperor Charles V. qualifying it with
foolifh apologies, this prince faid afide to one of the princes of the blood, " Me-
thinks this fellow fpeaketh like BiShop Nicholas." But that thefe difcourfes had
fome coherence, fome method and defign, is clear ; and, though they may be
fuppofed to have been affectedly puerile, that they were in general compofed by
men of gravity and underftanding may be inferred from an exemplar of this kind
of pulpit oratory extant among the manufcripts in the British Mufeum, VefpaSian
A. xxv. purporting to be a fermon pronounced in Gloucefter cathedral on Chil
dermas or Innocents' day, 1558, by John Stubbs, querifter, on Matthew xviii. 3.
(I omit all that doth not immediately apply to the fubject.) " Thus much have I
faid of the virtue of innocency, for the honour of thofe bleffed innocents which are
remembered in the church this day; which day, as it is commonly termed Childermas
day, fo it is celebrated and folemnized by the preferment of children in all great
cathedral churches ; which give the child this day the prerogative above men, in
token that they take place of men for their martyrdom in the caufe of the bleffed
child Jefus." "Ye, the children and chorifters of the fong fchool, beware what
you do, fori have experience of you more than of the other (the grammar fchool).
It is not fo long ago fince I was one of you myfelf, and remember what Jhrewneffe
was ufed among you, which I will not fpeak of now ; but I cannot let it pafs un
touched how boyifhly you behaved yourfelves in the church, what fighting, lying,
Vol. III. T mocking,

1*2 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
mocking, and forging of falfe excufes, was among you ; befide that where you are
brought up fpecially to ferve God in the church, you do nothing lefs in the
church than ferve God in the church ; but rafhly run into the choir without any
reverence, never kneel nor countenance to fay any prayer or paternofter, but
rudely fquat down on your tails (which lack twigging), or, juftling with .your
fellows, talk and Strive awhile for a place. Another ftandeth me out of the choir,
and in again, and out again, and they one after another, I cannot tell how oft
nor wherefore, but only to gad and gaze abroad and come in again, and crofs the
choir from one fide to another, and never reft without any diforder; and never
ferve God nor our Lady with matins or with even-fong, no more than they of the
grammer fchool, whofe behaviour is in the temple as it were the fchool, their
mafters being abfent, and not in the church, God being prefent. I will not wifh
you to follow fuch. If a fcholar of the grammar fchool Should fpeak forbidden
Latin or English, would he not be firft warned, then cuffed, and wrung by the
ears ? What then can you expect for mifbehaviour in the prefence of God ?"
The above extracts fully explain the general tendency of the cuftom ; but I
think it is pretty evident that the effect produced muft have been childifh in the
extreme, indeed almoft ridiculous. This folly was extended even to the farce of
the Epifcopus puerorum Singing vefpers before the King, as an article in the Ward
robe Accompts of Edward I. proves beyond a doubt.
The boy was elected from the choir, and his epifcopal dignity lafted from the
6th to the 28th of December. The other children were prebendaries for the
fame period. The real prelate did not fuffer the youthful pretender to celebrate
mafs ; but, if he died in the term of his prelacy, he was buried in font ifica libus ,
with the fame ceremonies as the real diocefan. An inftance of fuch an interment
is to be found in Salifbury cathedral, where there is the tomb of a child biShop,
engraved in Plate IV. of the Introduction to the fecond Volume of the Sepulchral
Monuments of Great Britain.
It was an ancient practice for the perfons of the choir to afcend the Stairs of the
tower, and at a certain height chaunt a fervice ; but whether to any particular
Saint, the Bleffed Virgin, or the Trinity, I profefs myfelf unable to fay; neither
can I decide whether this ceremony was performed within or without the tower,
on the battlements, or in a gallery. It is related of BiShop Bonner, that when
the Roman-catholic religion was reftored by act of parliament, 1554, he was ft>
elated as to command the choir to proceed to the fteeple, and there chaunt imme diately

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. U3
diately (I fuppofe) fuch Pfalms as could be wrefted to the occafion. This trans
action occurred on the anniverfary of St. Katharine.
1547, Feb. 21. This was a memorable day, the "day which produced the
order of councillor the removal of images from churches. From this period I
date the commencement of that fcene of dilapidation which all admirers of the
arts of fculpture and painting muft ever deplore. It is true, many unfortunate
occurrences have happened, to make the fubject a matter of indifference with
refpect to old St. Paul's ; but far otherwife in an hundred other cafes.
Heylin fays, in his Hiftory of the Reformation, that on the 18th of September,
1547, the Litany was chaunted in the English language, between the choir and
the high altar, the fingers kneeling on each fide; and that at high mafs the
Epiftle and Gofpel were read in the fame language.
King Edward VI. made the following entry in his journal:
" 1549, Nov. 19, there were letters fent to every biShop to pluck down the altars."
In 1549 the Privy Council ordained that the BiShop of London Should permit
no efpecial maffes to be fung in St. Paul's, and but one communion at the high
altar, and that to be administered during the celebration of mafs. Bonner, then
biShop of London, fent this mandate, with a heavy heart, to the dean and chap
ter. However, five years after, he was gratified with a temporary triumph, which
he commenced by officiating at high mafs, and making a grand and folemn pro
ceffion of his priefts.
How things were conducted at St. Paul's during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth
and James I. has already been Shewn. That of Charles I. accelerated the internal
ruin, and 1643 produced the following order by the Houfe of Commons.
"May 31. Ordered, that the committee for pulling-down and abolishing
all monuments of fuperftitiori and idolatry do take into their cuftody the copes in
the cathedrals of Weftminfter, Paul's, and thofe at Lambeth; and. give order
that they be burnt, and converted to the relief of the poor in Ireland."
My readers will recollect they were generally embroidered with gold and filver,
and that burning is not to be taken in the literal fenfe in this inftance ; it was the
gold feparated from the Silk by fire that the Houfe ordered to be given to the Irifh.
1643. The fame Houfe ordered, Dec. 15, that the committee for taking
swvay fuperftitious monuments do open Paul's church; and that they Shall have
power to remove out of the faid church, all fuch matters as are juftly offenfive to
godly men ; and that there Shall be a lecture fet up there, to be exercifed every
T 2 Lord's

144 CATHEDRAL OF' ST. PAUL.
Lord's day in the afternoon, to begin when other fermons. ufually end, and one-
day in the week.
Sir John Hawkins informs us that there was a mufick-houfe at the Weft end
of St. Paul's, known by the fign of a Mitre, kept by Robert Hubert. The
instruments at their performances were, an organ, fiddles, and hautboys. Per
fons. of confequence frequented It, and fometimes danced there. The organs ufed
at this and other places were thofe which had been expelled from the churches
during the interregnum. A French author, who wrote about that hateful period,.
gives the Fanatics a merited philippic : " They have tranfiated the organs out of
their churches, and fet them up in taverns; chaunting their dithyrambic and beftiar
Bachanalia, to the tune of thofe inftruments which were wont to affift them, in-'
the celebration of God's praifes."
It is entirely ufelefs to defcribe the- form of worShip adopted, and ufed- fince
the Reftoration ; but the rich fervice of plate belonging to. the church, at prefent
merits defcription. i
A filver gilt chalice, with the paten, and another of the fame materials, are'
embpffed with a faint bearing the Agnus Dei, and infcribed, " Bibite ex hoc omnes;-
eft hie enim Calix Novi Teftamenti fanguine meo"
A pair of patens: te Benedixit, f regit, dedit ; accipite, comedite; hac eft corpus
rueum" A moft fuperb filver gilt and emboffed" Prayer-book^ adorned with angels, a>
glory, pillars, &c. infcribed " Oculi Domini fuper ifios, et aures ejus in preces eorum ;"
and '•'¦plant Qrationts pro omnibus hominibus, pro Regibus."
A Bible, edition 1640, with a filver gilt cover,, reprefenting a temple, with
Mofes and Aaron in the intervals, between the columns, and Jacob's dream on
one. fide, with the infcription " Verbum Domini manet in aternum." On the other
leaf, the prophet fed by a raven, and:, " Habent Moyfen et Prophetas ; audiant
illos."
Two large Silver-gilt plates, on which are engraved the following inscriptions :
" The Rev. Mr. Charles Smith,, fourth fon of Sir Thomas Smith, of Hill Hall,
in the county of Effex, bart. late prebendary of St. Pauf s, and archdeacon of
Colchefter, gave this plate for the ufe of the church 1699. Ex hoc non manducabo
donee illud impleatur in regno Dei. Modicum et jam. non videbitis me. Iterum> modi
cum, et videbitis me, quia vado ad Patrem" "%|

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. us
" ' §>ui pane feminat, pane et melet. Si voluntas prompt a eft fecundum id quod
habet, accept a ejl ; non fecundum id quod non habet"
The bottoms of thofe plates are imboffed with reprefentations of the laft Supper j
and the widow beftowing her mite. The rims are adorned with his arms and creft,
cherubim, and fcrolls.
A very large filver-gilt plate; plain, except that the centre contains- an angel,'
exhibiting a label, on which is engraved' Tatamouc Bwlociq iw-txgsnou o ©dc,. The
arms of the Deanery are on the back.
Another very large filver-gilt plate has the Lord's Supper, extremely well done,
en it ; and a rich border of cornucopiae and emblematical figures.
There are large tankards of filver-gilt, very much but elumfily emboffed.
A large filver-gilt plate, with I. H. S. in a glory.
Two enormous tankards, finely emboffed, given by the above Rev. Charles
Smith, with the infcriptions, " Verbum caro faclum eft, et habitavit in nobis. '*
" Si mihi non vullis credere, operibus credite.'r ll^ui biberit ex aqua quam ego dabo xi,
non fitiet in aternum." " Ecce Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi; hie eft quibaptizat
in Spiritu Santlo." Thefe words all refer to the emboffings over them.
A pair of filver-gilt candlesticks, two feet nine inches in height, exclufive of
the fpike, with triangular feet. " In lumine tuo videbimus lumen. De tenebris vos ¦
vocavit in admirabile lumen fuum. Sic luceat lux veflra coram hominibus" '
Two other candlefticks of the fame materials, about two feet in heights
" SONS OF THE CLERGY.
A worthy Divine,. George Hall*, preached, on the 8th of November, 1655, at
St. Paul's, to the Sons of the Clergy; who were affembled by the pious intentions
of this good man, in hopes that an affecting difcourfe might procure contributions
for their relief from thofe who would by this means be reminded of the deplorable
Situation to which the fequeftrations of their fathers had reduced them. The
fuccefs of the experiment pointed out the propriety of an annual fermon for the
fame benevolent purpofe, which was eftablifhed accordingly. Charles II granted
the encouragers of this pious work a charter of incorporation, ,dated July 1,
1678, under the title of The Governors of the Charity for the Relief of the poor
Widows and Children of Clergymen, with licence to poffefs an eftate not exceed
ing the annual value of 2000I.; which licence was enlarged in 1714 to 3000L .
* Q. afterwards bifhop of Chichefter ? over "

,46 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
over and above all charges and reprifes ; as alfo over, and above the faid 2000I.
jer annum."
As St. Paul's church was not in a ftate fit for the celebration of fuch an anni
verfary, it was held in Bow church till 1697 ; after which time it was removed to
St. Paul's, where the Inftitution now meet, in the beginning of May. The
Governors, fince the above period, have endeavoured to render the receipts more
extenfive,- by the performance of facred mufick, preceded by a Rehearfal. Sir
John Hawkins fays, that Purcell's TeDeum and Jubilate were always performed till
1713, when they gave place to thofe of Handel. The collections are generally
from 800I. to ioool. Dr. Thomas Turner was a great benefactor to this
Inftitution. The CHARITY CHILDREN of the METROPOLIS.
<e Upwards of 5000 children, new cloathed and educated, and fome of them
wholly fupported, by voluntary contributions, are annually affembled at St. Paul's
cathedral ; and, being feated in an amphitheatre erected round the dome, at the
expence of the Society of Patrons of the Anniverfary, and their original benefac
tors, the Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge, afford the higheft fatisfac-
tion to a benevolent mind ; but their united voices, when finging to the praife of
the Deity, enrapture the imagination with the moft exalted conceptions. This
affecting folemnity has been honoured with the prefence and approbation of
feveral illuftrious perfonages of this kingdom, as well as foreigners. His late
majefty, King George the Second, very much applauded thefe laudable Inftitu
tions, as appears by the following anecdote: On the 20th of September, 17 14,
as King George the Firft went to St. Paul's, about 4000 charity children were
placed on a fcaffold 600 feet long from Eaft to Weft, on. the South fide of the
faid cathedral; and, as the proceffion paffed by, the children fung the firft fix
verfes of the xxi ft pfalm, according to Sir John Denham's verfion. The Prince
of Wales (afterwards King George the Second) being prefent on that occafion,
was pleafed to fay, that it was one of the fineft fights he ever faw in his life ; and
that he only wished his own children had been with him, to have feen them at
the fame time."
" And that public difplay of benevolence has alfo been particularly noticed by
one of the beft Princes that ever fwayed the British fceptre j for his Majefty King
George

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 147
George the Third was gracioully pleafed to command the charity children to be
affembled at the cathedral, on the 23d of April, 1789, when their Majefties, the
Royal Family, and both Houfes of Parliament, attended a public thankfgiving
there, upon the happy reftoration of his Majefty's health *."
The ceremonies attending the fervice on this memorable day are too interefting
to be omitted. The King reached St. Paul's about 12 o'clock, and was received
at the great Weft door by the Bifhop of London and the Dean of St. Paul's, the
Canons Residentiary, Garter King of Arms, the Heralds, and the band of Gentle
men Pensioners.
From thence a proceffion commenced along the middle aile of the nave, to the
choir : which was formed by the Archbifhop of York, in his archiepifcopal robes;
the Lord Chancellor, and his retinue, in ftate ; the Archbifhop of Canterbury, in
. archiepifcopal ftate ; followed by fourteen BiShops, in their epifcopal veftments.
The Aldermen, and Common Council, of London, reprefented by fix dele
gates ; the Lord Mayor and City Officers ; the Earl Marfhal ; the Dukes of
Cumberland, Gloucefter, and York ; the Prince of Wales ; the King, with
the fword of State carried before him ; and fupported by the BiShops of London
and Lincoln ; followed by Lord Denbigh, noblemen, and dignified clergy.
The Queen, with her attendants; the Princeffes ; concluded by Gentlemen
Pensioners, Yeomen of the Guard, and their Majefty's livery fervants.
The whole body of the Corporation, not before mentioned, ufhered the King
into the choir. After which the two Houfes of Parliament entered at the Weft door.
Six thoufand Charity Children, habited in the different colours of their refpective
fchools, were feated on an amphitheatre, as large as the circumference of the
dome, who addreffed their Creator, on the King's approach, with the 100th pfalm.
At their feet fat the patrons of the charity. And between the dome and choir,
under the great Eaftern arch, fat 206 Common Council Men, in their mazarine
gowns. Their Majefties had a throne and canopy, on an elevation of three fteps, at the
Weft end of the choir. The Princefs Royal, and her three next Sifters, fat on
the chorifters feat on the North fide ; behind them the ladies of honour, and
thofe of the bedchamber. On the South fide, the Prince, and Princes. The
Peers were feated in the middle of the choir ; and the Judges, &c. had wool-facks
immediately before the King ; the Peereffes in the prebendal Stalls.
* From a ftieet printed by order of the Society.
The

148 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The Lord Chancellor fat on the BiShop of London's feat ; and before him his
purfe and train bearers. The Lord Mayor's feat -was occupied by the Speaker of
the Houfe of Commons, and his officers wereplaced below him.
The BiShop of London fat on his throne ; the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
and the USh-er of the Black Rod, on chairs near the pulpit ; and behind them the
eldeft fons ofpeers. ,,
The Dean, Refidentiaries, and Prebendaries of St. Paul's, were within the
rails of the altar. In the lower North galleries, near the throne, the ambaffadors
and ladies ; on the oppofite fide, Peereffes. In the lower gallery, next the altar,
on the North Side, were the Lord Mayor in his rich robes, and collar of SS. the
Lady Mayorefs, the Aldermen in their fcarlet gowns, and their ladies ; behind
them, a number of the Dean's friends. The Houfe of Commons were placed in
the upper galleries ; and the gentlemen of the choir in the organ gallery.
The Rev. John Moore commenced the fervice at half an hour after twelve.
The refponfes were chaunted by the, whole choir, accompanied by the organ.
Then followed TV Deum and Benediclus ; the mufic by Purcell. The Litany was
fung by Meffrs. Hayes and Gibbon ; the Communion fervice by the Dean .; the
Epiftle by the BiShop of Briftol, the Gofpel by Dr. Jeffries.
Kyrie Eley fon, and the Creed of Purcell's composition, were chaunted by the
whole choir; and the BiShop of London preached, from the text exprefsly
chofen by his Majefty, " O tarry thou the Lord's leifure : be Strong, and he Shall
comfort thine heart ; and put thou thy truft in the Lord," a fermon the moft
interesting and affecting in the whole fet of his LordShip's difcourfes.
The anthem fung on this occafion was felected by the King. Three voices
contra-tenor, "O Lord thou haft fearched me out, and known me; thbu
knoweft my down-fitting, and mine up-rifing, thou underftandeft my thoughts
long before." Solo, bafs, " Thou art about my path, and about my bed, and
fpyeft out all my ways. For lo, there is not a word in my tongue, but. thou,
O Lord ! knoweft it altogether." Solo, contra-tenor, " Whither Shall I go then
from thy fpirit, or whither Shall I go then from thy prefence ! If I climb up into
Heaven, thou art there ; if I go down to Hell, thou art there alfo. If I take the
wings of the morning, and remain in the uttermost parts of the fea (three voices
contra-tenor and chorus), even there alfo Shall thy hand lead me, and thy right
hand Shall hold me."
Dr. Farmer concluded the fervice with the Offertory, about three o'clock.
CON-

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 149

CONVOCATIONS,
an times long-Since paft were of greater importance than at prefent. At the
meeting of Parliament a writ was iffued to every biShop, not only for his own
perfonal appearance, but for thofe of the dean and chapter of his diocefe, by
proxy. The Convocation thus affembled proceeded to debate upon the fupplies
demanded, or to be granted, for the exigencies of the ftate.
The Archbifhop of Canterbury was always received with great folemnity.
And very frequently the affembly was held in St. Paul's ; when high mafs com^
menced the deliberation ; and a fermon, preached at the fame time, recom
mended caution in conduct, and temperate debates. They then went in procef
fion to the chapel of the Holy Virgin, invoked her bleffing, and thence to the
Chapter-houfe. The Convocation feems originally to have been intended merely for the purpofe
of confulting how much the clergy could afford in fupplies to the expences of
government ; and, as they were all ecclefiaftics, we might fuppofe the debates
entirely confined to fpiritual concerns; but no doubt remains with me that many
other fubjects were agitated, and refolutions made, which fometimes fnook the
throne to its bafe.
Convocations have decreafed in their importance, according to Wake, fince
the reign of Henry VI. Now they are no more than ah empty form with
refpect to their firft intention ; and the influence of the clergy has been fo much
reduced, that nothing occurs in convocation at all affecting the laity.
At the commencement of the feffion 1803, the members of the Convocation
entered the choir of St. Paul's in a proceffion, formed by the Archbishop of
Canterbury, the BiShop of London, other dignitaries, the gentlemen of the choir,
and the judges, civilians, and" proctors, of Doctors Commons ; when prayers
were read in Latin, anthems fung, and a fuitable fermon preached, which is
generally in Latin.

Vol. IIL U Remarkable

150 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Remarkable Occurrences within St. Paul's
have certainly been too numerous for a minute recapitulation ; yet there are
many which demand our notice. Thofe are collected from various fources, and
may afford fome new information in more than one inftance. Sebba, fon of
Seward, king of the Eaft Saxons, reigned thirty years, from 664 to 694. This
monarch is reprefented by our antient historians to have been a prince of great
virtues, and of a ferious contemplative turn of mind ; which, as he increafed in
age, led him to profefs in this church, then a monaftery, where he endured all
the mortifications common to the monks in thofe primitive ages, and fo greatly
the reverfe of regal enjoyments. Thus early in the hiftory of this venerable fane
had the Religious the triumph of beholding Majefty finking to the grave under the
weight of fafting and penance. Sebba died in 694, and began (according to
Bede) to work miracles without lofs of time. The mafon had carelefsly made the
coffin too Short for the body, and the monks very impioufly intended his majefty
Should make a genuflexion in order to accommodate himfelf to his new fituation ;
but he fpurned the thought ; and, with his feet, extended the fpace fo much,
that he laid at full length 972 years afterwards, under a pointed arch, behind a
row of columns, of great beauty, in the North aile of the choir. Aa infcription
his been preferved by Dugdale, which was placed above the tomb, recording
Sebba's converfion, by St. Erkenwald, bifhop of London, in the year 677.
Ethelred, the juft, manly, graceful, and unhappy, whofe long reign of ay
years was a continued fcene of diforder and treachery, yielded to the weight of
his afflictions in 1016. His remains were deposited in a grey marble cheft, within
a niche Similar to King Sebba's, in the. fame aile, and not many feet from his
royal predeceffor.
1213, Oct. 3. King John figned the refignation of his kingdom at St. Paul's.
I fuppofe his Holinefs's legate did not deem the firft act of renunciation, dated
at Dover, May 13, 1213, fufficiently degrading, and therefore caufed the cere
mony to be repeated in the metropolitan church ; however, when he and the
legate oftered the humiliating inftrument of his fubjection at the high altar, the
Archbifhop of Canterbury nobly bowed before it, and/olemnly protested againft
the hateful deed, in the name of the clergy and the people. While this idiot was
a wanderer in his own dominions, the throne and the capital were filled by the
dauphin of Fraace and his army. Lewis

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 151
Lewis attended the celebration of a magnificent mafs at St. Paul's, fung by
excommunicated prelates and priefts; after which he received the oaths of the
citizens; promising, in return, to recover for the crown all that John had loft,
and to the people their rights.
Pope Boniface IX. granted an indulgence, in the year 1390, to Sir Gerard
Braybroke, knt. and his wife, the lady Elizabeth, which was found, with his
bones, in 1608, in a leaden coffin cafed with wood. Dugdale has printed it in
the original language. I prefent my readers with a translation from the Harleian
MS. No. 358. Another indulgence was brought to light about the .fame time,
which had been buried with Laurence Allerthorp, 1406, granted by the above
fovereign pontiff.
" Boniface IX. bifliop of Rome, fervant to the fervants of God, to the noble
lord, our well beloved fon, Gerard Braybroke the younger, within the diocefe of
Lincoln, knight; and to the noble lady Elizabeth his wife, fendeth greeting and
apoftolical benediction.
" The love of your devotion, wherewith ye respectively reverence us and the
Roman church, hath fo wrought, that we do vouchfafe gracioufly to hear your
petitions, thofe efpecially which concern your fouls health. Hence it is, that,
being inclined to your fupplications, we give permiffion to the confeffor, whom
either of ye Shall think meet to be chofen, to be able by the tenor of thefe pre
fents, once only, in the very iffue of life and death, to grant unto your devotion,
in the authority apoftolical, full remiflion of all your fins, for the which ye have
in heart been forry, and whereof ye Shall have made confeffion byword of mouth ;
provided that ye perfift and abide in the fincerity of the faith, and initiation of
the holy Roman-church, and in the obedience and devotion of us, or the bifhop
of Rome authentically fucceeding us. Yet fo that for thofe fins whereof in this
life fatisfaction is to be made ,to others,, your faid confeffor do enjoin you by your-
felves feverally if you furvive, or by your heirs if then happily ye depart this life,
to fatisfy; which fatisfaction ye, or they, are bound to perform according to the
premifes. And leaft by reafon of this grace ye become more prone to commit
Sins hereafter (which God forbid) our will is, if by chance upon the confidence
and hope of pardon ye commit the like, that as concerning1' thofe fins fo com
mitted the pardon aforefaid Should in no wife help.
"Be it therefore lawful for no man to infringe this writing containing our
grant and pleafure, or boldly to countermand it : but if any Shall prefume
to attempt it, let him know that he Shall incur the indignation of Allmighty God,
U 2 and

152 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
and of his bleffed Apoftles St. Peter and St. Paul. Dated at Rome, at St. Peter's,
the firft of June, the fecond year of our Pontificate, 1390." Sealed with a bull of
lead. Two old poets, Lidgate and Piers Plowman, have celebrated the exploits of
Henry the Sixth ; and as parts of their obfolete lines relate particularly to
St. Paul's, I Shall give them verbatim, except in modernising the orthography.
Lidgate defcribes the public entry of the King, and the pageants exhibited to-
his honour ; and we will meet him where it fuits our convenience.
Thus restrained, an eafy pace riding,
The King is entered into this city,
And in Cornhill anon at his coming
To do pleafure to his Majefty,
A tabernacle furmounting of beauty
There was ordain'd by full frefh entail,
Richly arrayed with royal apparel.
This tabernacle of moft magnificence
Was of his * building very imperial ;
Made for the lady call'd dame Sapience,
Before whofe face moft ftately and royal
Were the VII Sciences call'd liberal.
Round about as mafked, is Memory,
Which never departed from his confiftory.
Septem Sciential liberales..
Firft, there was Grammar, as I rehearfe can,
Chief founder and root of all cunning,
Which had before her Proposition.
And Logick had before her eke Standing
Ariftotle fo clerkly difputing.
And Rhetorick had eke in her prefence
Tullius, called mirror of eloquence.
And Mufick had, void of all difcord,.
Boice "f~, her clerk, with heavenly harmony,
* We fliould fay its.
\ Boetius, a Roman fenator and philofopher, beheaded by Theodoric, King of the Gorhsj.
A.D. 524. Among other fubjedb, he wrote on Mufick.
And

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 153
And inftruments all of one accord,
For to practice with fugrcd * melody,
He and his clerks their wits did apply,
With touch of Strings, or organs eke playing,
Their craft to Shew, at coming of our king.
And Arithmetick, by catting of nombrarie,
dies Pictogoras for. here partye,
Callyd chief clerk to — gonus here liberarie.
Euclid took meafures by craft of Geometry.
And at the higheft Aftronomy,
Albumfar laft with her of feven,
With inftruments that rais'd up into heaven.
Per me Reges regnant, et gloriam Sapiencie pojjidebunt."
The chief Princefs, called dame Sapience,
Had before her wrote this fcripture,
"Kings," quoth She, " moft of excellence
By me they reign, and moft in joy endure ;
For through my help, and my bufy cure,
To encreafe their glory and high renown,
They Shall of wifdom have full poffeflion."
Et nunc, reges, intelligite; erudimini, qui judicatis terram.
And in the front of this tabernacle
Sapience a fcripture began devife,
Then from thefe wells of fulfome abundance,
With the liquors as any chryftal clear,
The King rode forth, with fober contenance,
Toward a caftle believen of jafper green,
Upon whofe towers the fun Shone full Shene ;
There clearly Shewed by notable remembrance
The King's title of England and of France.
Two green trees that grew upright
From St. Edward and from St. Louis,
The root etake -f- palpable to the fight,
* Sweet. f Taken. Convey'd

154 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL,
Convey'd by Kings of great price,
Some bare lebards *, fome bare fleur-de-lys,
In other arms found was there no lack,
Which the Sixth Henry may now bear on his back.
The pedigree by juft fucceffion,
As true chronicles truely determine,
Unto the King is now defcended down,
From either party right as any line,
Upon whofe head now frefhly do Shine
Two rich crowns moft fovereign of pleafance,
To bring in peace between England and France.
Upon this caftle, on th' other fide,
There was a tree which fprang out of Jeffe,
Ordained of God full long to abide
David firft, crown'd for his humility.
The branches convey'd, as men might fee,
Lineally and the genealogy
To Chrift Jefu that was born of Mary,
And why that Jeffe was fet on that partye
This was the caufe in efpecial,
For next to Powlys I dare well fpecify
Is the party moft chief and principal
Called of London, the church cathedral,
Which ought of reafon the device for to excufe
To all thofe that would againft it frown or mufe.
And from that caftle the King forth 'gan him drefs
Toward Poules chief church of this city,
And at the conduit he light, and a likenefs
Indivisible made of the Trinity.
A throne compafs'd of his royal fee.
About which, Shortly to conclude,
Of heavenly angels was a great multitude,
To whom was given a precept in fcripture,
Written in the front of the high Stage,
That they fhould do here bufy cure -J-,
* Leopards. f Care.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 155
To keep the King fure from all damage
Into his life here during all his age,
His high renown to Shine and fpread far,
Of his two realms to ce'afe the mortal war,
Longitudme dierum replebo eum, et oftendam illifalutare meum.
And laft was written in the frontours,
I fhall fullfill him with joy and abundance,
And with lucre of many wholefome years ;
And I Shall Show him my health with all pleafance,
And of his lieges faithful obeifance,
Multiply and increafe his line,
And make his noblenefs throughout the world to Shine.
Love of his people, favour of all Strangers ;
In both his realms peace, reft, and unity ;
By influence of the nine fpheres,
Long to continue in his royal fee ;
Grace to cheriSh the mayor and the city."
Long in his mind to be conceived,
With how good will that day he was received,
Coming to Poules, then he light' adown,
Entered the church full demure of cheer,
And there to meet him with proceffion,
Was the Archbishop and the Chancellor ;
Lincoln and Bath, of whole hearts and entire ;
Salisbury, Norwich, and Ely,
In pontificallbus arrayed richly ;$
There was the BiShop of Rochefter alfo ;
The Dean of Poules, the Canons every one ;
Of duty as they ought to do,
On proceffion with the King to gO.
And though I cannot rehearfe them one by one,
Yet, dare I fay as in this intent,
To do their due full truely they meant,
Like their eftates forth they 'gan proceed,
With obfervances belonging for a king, Solemnly

,56 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
Solemnly began him convey indeed,
Up into the church with full devout finging,
And when he had made his offering,
The Mayor, the Citizens, bowed and left him."
Piers Plowman's lines, I much doubt whether they deferve the name of rhime,
are on the beft of fubjects, Peace ; and may be found in the original parchment
volume, Cotton library, Vefpafian, B. 16.
" When charity is chofen with States to ftond,
Stedfaft, and Stout without diftance,
Then wrathe may be exiled out of this londe,
And God oure guide, to have the gouvernaunce.
Wifdom and wealth with all pleafure
May rightful reign, and profperity ;
For love hath underlaid wrathful vehemence :
Rejoice, England ! our lords accorded to be,
Rejoice, and thank God for evermore,
For now Shall increafe thv confolation,
_¦ *
Our enemies quake, and dread full fore
That peace is made (there was division),
Which to them is a great confufion,
And to us joy and felicity.
God hold them long in every feafon,
That England may rejoice : Concord and Unity!
Now is forrow, with Shame, fled into France,
As a felon that has forfaken this land —
Love hath put out malicious governance
In every place, both free and bound ;
In York, in Somerfet (as I understand),
In Warwick alfo, is love and charity ;
In Salifbury eke, and in Northumberland,
That every man may rejoice, Concord and Unity!
Egremont and Clifford, with other 'forefaid,
Been fet in the fame opinion ;
In every quarter love is thus laid, Grace

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. tsi
Grace and wifdom hath thus the domination.
Awake, Wealth ! and walk in this region
Round about, in town and city,
And thank them that brought it to this condition.
Rejoice, England, to concord and unity.
At Paul's in London, with great renown,
Our Lady-day in Lent, this peace was wrought,
The King, the Queen, with lords many one,
To worfhip that Virgin as they ought,
Went in proceffion and fparidon right nought.
In fight of all the commonalty,
In token that love was in heart and thought,
Rejoice, England, in concord and unity !
There was between them lovely continuance,
Which was great joy to all that there were
That long time had been in variance,
As friends for ever (that had been in fear)
They went together, and made good cheer.
France and Britain repent fhall they,
For the bargain Shall they obey full dear,
Rejoice, England, in concord and unity f
Our foyereign Lord King, God keep alway,
The Queen, and the Archbifhop of Canterbury,
And the BiShop of Winchefter, Chancellor of England,
And other that have labour'd to this love day,
God preferve them ! we pray heartily,
And London, for they full diligently
Kept the peace in travel and adverfity ;
To bring in reft they laboured full truly,
Rejoice, England, in concord and unity !
Of three things I promife this worShipful City,
The firft, the true faith that they have to the King ;
The fecond, of love to the commonalty ;
The third, good rule for evermore keeping.
The which God maintain, evermore during,
Vol. III. X And

158 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
And fave the Mayor, and all the worthy City. *
And that is amifs, God bring to amending,
That England may rejoice to concord and unity 7"
The preceding ballad was written in commemoration of the pretended reconci
liation of the Duke of York with Henry the Sixth, effected by the good offices
of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, on whofe recommendation probably the cere
mony recorded by Plowman* took place. The proceffion was compofed by pairs
of the contending interests : the Duke of Somerfet and the Earl of Salifbury, the
Duke of Exeter and the Earl of Warwick, and many others, went arm in arm.
The King walked alone, but the Queen was led by the treacherous York.
This was a grateful fight to the Londoners, who joined with perfect Sincerity
in the offices of the day, following the unfufpecting Henry's example. Speed
emphatically exclaims on this occafion, " O Religion, O Honour, O Sincerity,
that your divine virtue Should not have contained thefe fpirits in the harmony of
fweet obedience! But, if you could not, what, alas! Should?" It is not my
intention to enter into the hiftory of Henry VI. My reader will therefore fupply
the chafms I have left, and excufe my noticing thofe parts only of his actions
which relate to the Church of St. Paul.
After the unfortunate Henry had fuffered a long imprifonment of nine years
in the Tower of London, inflicted by Edward IV. into whofe power he had been
betrayed by a mifcreant, at Waddington-hall, after returning from the continent,
a difguifed fugitive, an unexpected whirl of dame Fortune's wheel exalted him
again to his throne; and on the 13th of October, 1470, he vifited . St. Paul's,
crowned, and habited in a royal mantle of blue velvet, borne by the Earl of
Warwick. There he affifted at mafs, and had the gratification of hearing excla
mations reiterated of " God fave King Henry."
This reftoration proved fallacious, and all the unhappy Monarch's brilliant
profpects terminated on the fatal day, April 14, 147 1, when the decisive battle
at Barnet made Edward a Conqueror. The brave king-making Warwick, rufh-
ing among the fierce contending legions, fell,, covered with truly honourable
wounds, dealing death, but now numbered with the dead. The noble Montacute,
urged by fraternal affection,, a brother, alfo in arms,, would have refcued the
* I muft here beg pardon of my readers for afcribing thefe lines, p. ijcS, to the author of " Piers Plow
man," who was dead a century before this proceffion took place; and, indeed, in Mr. Planta's Catalogue
ef the Cotton. Library, they are not afcribed to -this writer, though put together with others of his.
modern*

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. US
modern Mars; but Heaven had decreed it otherwife, and his foul winged its flight
to the fame unknown regions whither Warwick's had juft departed.
Edward once more led his Monarch a captive to the metropolis ; and, trium
phantly proceeding to St. Paul's, he offered at the altar, with oftentatious piety,
the fallen King's Standard, as a prelude to the deep tragedy which followed.
There were placed the pallid bodies of the brave brothers Warwick and Monta
cute " in their deaths not divided," which lay three days uncovered, expofed to the
fpectator's gaze, in order to remove a doubt of their deceafe.
To clofe the eventful page of Henry's misfortune, the heroic Margaret vifits his
prifon ; not to Share a long captivity, but to witnefs his releafe from the grafp of
his enemies.
The deteftable Gloucefter condefcended to perform the affaffin's part, and
plunged into the innocent Henry's breaft the dagger which juftice Should have
decreed for his own falfe heart. Speed fays, " In which act at once began the
one's happy reft, and the other's foul guilt, which accompanied his confcience to
the day of his death."
Shakefpeare's admirable lines illuftrate the fubject too forcibly to be omitted.
When the Lieutenant of the Tower informs the King that the Duke of Gloucefter
erdered his clofe confinement, Henry exclaims,
" Good night to all then ; I obey it,
And now, good friend, fuppofe me on my death-bed,
And take of me thy laft, Short-living leave —
Nay, keep thy tears till thou haft feen me dead ;
And when in tedious winter nights, with good
Old folks, thou, fitt'ft up late,
To hear them tell the difmal tales
Of times long paft (ev*h now with woe remember'd),
Before thou bid'ft good night, to quit their grief,
Tell thou the lamentable fall of me ;
And fend thy hearers weeping to their beds *."
To overwhelm with infamy the memory of all concerned in thefe horrible
fcenesi, we heed only recur to the laft vifit of Henry to St. Paul's, not now arrayed
in the Splendour of royalty, or furrounded by flattering courtiers ; but murdered
and disfigured, . attended by armed enemies, expofed in an open coffin, on
* Richard the Third, Aa I.
X 2 Afcenfion-

169 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
AScenfi on-day, to the view of priefts, who dared not chaunt his Requiem,, and a
congregation whofe tears, were restrained by terror.
Such were the execrable triumphs of the murderous brothers Edward and
Richard. Well might the extended wounds of the King pour forth a crimfon
Stream as an offering at the altar againft them, which our historians affert they
did, both in St. Paul's. and at the church of the Black Friers.
Shakefpeare lays a fcene at St. Paul's, and makes Stanley fay,
" I came among the crowd, to fee the corpfe
Of poor King Henry ;- 'tis a difmal fight :.
But yefterday I faw him in the Tower;
His talk is ftill fo frefh within my memory,
That I could weep to think how fate has us'd him-
I wonder where 's Duke Richard's policy
In fuffering him to lie expos'd to view.
Henry VII. after defeating this ufurper, entered London, and lodged at the
BiShop of London's palace, from whence he proceeded, to St. Paul's, and gave
thanks to Heaven, for his fuccefs.
The next moft important occurrence at St. Paul's was the marriage of Prince
Arthur and Catharine of Arragon. The original orders of the King in Council
for her reception are ftill extant in the British Mufeum *. The following extract
is all that is neceffary for our purpofe.
"And from thence through Cheap ; and they enter in Paul's church-yard by the:
gate that is againft St. Michael's church -f~, and then out at the other gate Strait South
againft that gate, and fo- unto the broad Street, to the Weft door of the church,
where She Shall be received with proceffion by the Archbifhop of Canterbury in
fontificalibus, accompanied with fuch biShops and abbots as be commanded to come
to the feaft, and not appointed to be at any of the faid meetings, and fuch other
whereof the names follow; that is to fay, the BiShops of Ely, Lincoln, Rochefter,.
Landaff, and Bangor ; the Abbots of Stratford, Bermondfey, and Tower-hill ;,
all and' every of them being in pontifica libus. And from the faid church door,
within the choir of the church proceflionally to bring her to the high altar,, and
there to do fuch ceremonies- as in. fuch cafe is accuftomed ; and after, her offering
* Cotton MSS. Vefpafian, C: XIV.
f St/Michael le qnerne, or ad Radium, from a corn market kept Here; It flood at the upper end
ef Cheapfide, near St. Paul's; and Leland was buried, in it. But all traces of his monument, with.
the church itfelf, were deftroyed in the fire of 1666 ; and the parifh united to St. Vedaft. to

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 161
to be conveyed to the little door againft the Confiftory that leadeth into the
Palace, and fo forth brought to her chamber within the faid Palace.
" And for her long travail and labour, it is thought that She Shall tarry with
in the Palace one day at the leaft before her marriage, and more, as the cafe
fhall require, and as it Shall pleafe the King.
" And to lead and convey the faid company through the ftreet above named
to the faid Weft door of Paul's ; and to fee good order kept in riding, and that
there be neither too great hafte, nor too much tarrying by the way ; my Lord
Bergaveny hath the charge : whereof my Lord Steward Shall give to him adver-
tifement ; and that the Archbifhop, the biShops, the Earl, and the ladies and
gentlemen that come out of Spain be lodged in the dean and canons lodgings, and
other houfes adjoining to the faid palace by waiting gentlemen huiShers, by the
oversight and ordering of my Lord Chamberlain ; and that a confideration be had,
that they be lodged after their honours and degrees.
" It is appointed that, at the afternoon of the day next enfuing the day that
the faid Princefs Shall come to the Palace, the fame Princefs in her litter, accom
panied with the Duchefs Of Norfolk in her litter, and certain ladies, fome of the
Queen's, and fome of the faid Princefs's, at the Queen's nomination, and fucli
lords and knights to be appointed for the attendance giving upon the lords of
Spain, fliall be conveyed by Paul's chain down Lamberd's hill to the Queen, being
at Baynard's caftle ; and that the Queen's Chamberlain receive her at the foot of
the green that goeth up to the Queen's chamber, and go before her to the
Queen's great chamber, and after She hath feen the Queen, and. made a certain
paufe, She Shall return to the palace.
" That Lambard'shill be fanded by the Mayor of London ; and that the ferjeant
porter be warned that no manner of perfon enter the gate, but only the faid
Princefs, and her lords and ladies, and fuch as accompany her.
"As to the day of marriage, it is thought, for the more folemnity of the
feaft, it Should be upon' the Sunday, or fome holy-day ; and that the faid Princefs
be going out of her chamber towards the church fomewhat before nine of the
clock. " It is ordained that the biShops of Exeter, Hereford, Bath, Lincoln, Carlisle,
Chefter, Rochefter, and Norwich, and the abbots of Bury, Weftminfter,
St. Alban's, Glaftonbury, Abendon, and Reading, (all in pontificalibus) give
theiir

162 CATHEDRAL OF ST.PAUL.
iheir attendance, the day of the faid marriage, upon the ArchbiShop of Canter
bury, executor of the faid marriage.
" And, after the Prince's coming to the City, it is thought that he Should be
there a day or two before the coming of the faid Princefs to the Palace ; and that
he Should lodge in the Wardrobe ; and on the day of marriage to make his entry
into the church fomewhat before the Princefs coming there ; which entry is
devifed to be at the South door, next, Weftward, to our Lady of Grace, in the
, body of the 'church. And the Prince's houfehold fervants to give their attendance j
and convey him to the ha'ult place to be made before the confiftory. door, in the
faid body of the church, fomewhat before her coming.
" The faid Princefs, accompanied with the greateft eftates of the lords and
ladies, to go out of the Palace at the great gate, and enter by the Weft door of
the faid church ; and fo to go to the fame hault place, led by my Lord of York,
"For the more eafy coming of the faid Princefs, it is devifed that bowers Shall
be made from the faid Palace gate unto the faid great Weft door of the church,
, and fo from thence to the foot of the gallery.
*' And for the hault place, it is devifed to be fet in the nave and body of the
church, even againft the Confiftory, to the intent that the King and Queen may
fecretly go out of the biffiop's palace into the fame Confiftory ; and there to hear
and fee the ceremonies of the marriage at their pleafure. , And for this caufe a
back door muft be made in the fame Confiftory ; whereof Mr. Comptroller and
Sir Charles Somerfet have the charge.
' " The faShion of this hault place is devifed to be made like unto the hault
place at the christening of the King's children ; with broad and large greces and
fteps ; and with a good large fpace all on high, on loft, to the intent that the ex
ecutors of the office of marriage, and the ministers of the church neceffary for to
do that act, and the Prince and Princefs, may be together ; and no more above,
in the faid fpace all on high, than be neceffary ; and the biShops, abbots, and
other prelates, and other officers, may ftand lower upon the faid fteps and the
hault place, fo as thereby grow none impediment to the fight, of the people ;
and that from the faid hault place to the choir door there be a Stage five feet
high, with a rail upon either fide. And Sir Charles Somerfet and the Comptroller
of the King's houfe have taken upon them that the faid work fhall be made fure
and fubftantial. " That

CATHEDRAL OF ST, PAUL: i6j
• " That the' church of Paul's be hanged with arras, fo high that the loweft part-
thereof be feveh.or eight feet from the ground. And my Lord Chamberlain hath
taken the charge of this matter upon; him. > •>
" That the trumpets ftand aloft over the fame Weft door, and blow continu
ally after the firft coming out of the faid Princefs of the great gate of the faid
Palace, till the time She be in the church upon the hault place ; and then forth-"
with when She Shall be there, the trumpets to ceafe. And the ordering and
guiding the faid trumpets and minftrels, for the time of the feaft, is committed
to Thomas Lovell, yeoman huifsher of the King's chamber.
" And when the faid Princefs Shall be on the faid hault place on loft, then
fhall the King's fecretary propofe the proposition for the land, alledging that the
fame marriage cannot be lawful, for fuch reafons as he Shall exhibit, then fup
pofed to be grounded in the laws of Chrift's church. Whereunto Mr. Dr. Barnes
fhall reply, and declare folemnly (in like wife in Latin) the faid marriage to be
good and effectual in the law of Chrift's church, by virtue of a difpenfation
which he Shall have there ready openly to be read ; and thereupon forthwith to
deliver to the executor's officers ; and the fame executor to command his Chan
cellor to read it, the fame objections made, or any other to be made againft the
fame, notwithftanding.
" And when all Shall be finished that is to be done upon the faid hault place
for the matrimony, then fhall the Prince and Princefs go together upon the
faid levy hand in hand, all along the body of the faid church, ftrait forward upp
to the choir, and through the choir towards the high altar, to their places
appointed there.
" As foon as the Prince and Princefs Shall begin to. depart from the faid hault
place, then Shall all the minftrels, every man after his faculty, one after another,
being all on high in the vaults of the church, do their parts in mufick continually,
till the Prince and Princefs Shall be before the high altar ; and then all the mufick
to ceafe. (
" And, to the intent that the Prince and Princefs may have alway fome place
fecretly to refort unto for fuch. cafualties as may fall during the high mafs, it is
to be forefeen that the Prince Skill have a trav'erfe cieled made and fet on
the North fide the choir, near the high altar, in a place convenient, with a run*
ning curtain, when need Shall be, fo as the minifters about the high altar, nor
thofe in the vaults,. Shall not fee what Shall be done in the faid traverfe. _ And
femblably

Ui CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL*
femblably another traverfe to be made in like wife, and to be (et on the South fide
of the choir, alfo in place convenient, for the faid Princefs to refort unto if any
occafion fo demand. And my Lord Chamberlain hath, taken upon, him the provi-'
lion and making of thefe traverfes.
" As for the fave cloth, it Shall be of white bawdkin, and provided by my
Lord Chamberlain, and by him delivered to the Prince's chamberlain. And the
fpices and wines to be provided by my Lord Steward, and delivered to the
Prince's chamberlain, and his office there to have the ordering of the fame;
and that the fave cloth be holden by two barons, to be affigned by my Lord
Chamberlain. " After this folemnity of matrimony Shall be fully done, the Prince Shall firft,
and before the Princefs, depart with her company down all along the hault place,
go throughout the Confiftory door to his chamber in the fame Palace, to receive
the faid Princefs at her chamber-door at her coming.
" The faid Princefs, after the departing of the faid Prince, led by my Lord of
York, Shall return the fame way She went ; viz. through the choir, down upon
the faid levy, all along the body of the church, out of the great Weft door of the
fame, and in at the great gate of the bifhop's palace, and fo to her great cham
ber ; where, at the door thereof, the Prince Shall receive her, as the cuftom of
England is.
" Firft the minftrels, and after the trumpets, Shall play every man after his
faculty. " It is thought good that fomewhat befides the great Weft door of the church,
on the South Side thereof, there Shall be a folemn conduit pompoufly devifed, for
to run divers forts of good wine ; and the faid conduit to begin to run as foon as
the Princefs Shall be entered into the faid Palace, and fo continually to run all
that day, and part to run all that night following.
" The King's officers to provide board-tables, and forms, for the hall of the
bishop's palace; and hangings, and cupboards, both there and in the Princefs's
chamber." 15 14. It was in this year that Richard Hunn fuffered death in Lollard's
Tower ; which ornamented the South-weft corner of the church, and at the fame
time ferved as ,an ecclefiaftical prifon for fchifmaticks.
A ridiculous difpute with a prieft, refpecting a mortuary, led to the deteftable
outrage. Hunn was an obftinate madman, or he would not have ventured a fuit
againft

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 166
•againfta member of the clergy in a. civil court;' but be that as it may, the indig
nation of the whole body was aroufed, his conduct fcrutinifed ; and, becaufe
'Wickliff's Bible Was found at his houfe, they charged him with herefy. He was
immediately committed to the above prifon, and examined by Fitzjames, biihop
Of London, on this moft ferious accufation. - Hunn acknowledged himfelf to have
been guilty of fome offences againft the canons of the Roman -catholick church,
and fubmitted to perform penance for them ; but perfifted in his fuit in the
King's court. The clergy had feen, for fome time previous to this tranfaction, a
difpofition prevailing in the community to examine into, their ^pretentions and doc
trines, and were confequently ferioufiy alarmed that any caufe fhould arife which
would lead to a difcuffion affecting their rights. Ilunn was a man who would
undoubtedly have given them a great deal of trouble, and perhaps have hurried
their fate. What was to be done with fuch a man, but hang him., and affert
that he had committed fuicide ? This they did ; but in fo clumfy a manner, that
the coroner returned a verdict of murder, and afferted that the prifoner's neck
had actually been broken by an iron chain. He therefore charged Dr. Horfey,
chancellor to (he BiShop of London, the fumner, and bell-ringer, as acceflaries
to the fact. Fitzjames protecte 1 thefe guilty perfons, and in fo doing eftablifhed
hjs own guilt. The great Defender of the Faith (then young in iniquity himfelf)
ordered that reftitution ftiould be made by the murderers to Hunn's children, to
rtheramount of 1500I. ; but was lenient enough to pardon them.
rThe fame charity was not extended to the dead body; for feveral reverend pre
lates, with Fitzjames at their head, folemnly decreed that it was an obftinate
heretick ; and that fire Should burn away its tranfgreffion. And, to their vever-
lafting infamy, the inhabitants , of Smithfield witneffed the execution of their
{entence fxteen days after the man had been hanged.
When Cardinal Campejo made his public entry into London, in the year 15 19,
he was received in great ftate at St. Paul's by mitred dignitaries, fplendidly
attired, .himfelf not lefs fplendid. Speed fays that the mules who bore the
burthens in proceffion turned wanton in Cheapfide, breaking the budgets, and
letting forth an odd collection of fcraps and pieces, from the habits of man to the
fragments of his fuftenance. ,
A tax of io,oool. was levied on the clergy in the reign of Plenry VIII. and no
trifling conteft enfued between the dignitaries and inferior orders of priefts who
fhould pay it. Sept. 1, 1531, a chapter meeting was held at St. Paul's, when
Vol-JII. Y the

166 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
the Bifhop of London endeavoured to prevail on the rectors and others to contri
bute their part; but they refufed, and accompanied their denial with hard blows,
fo that the bifhop's attendants were beaten, not only at the door of the chapter-
houfe, but within it, and his lordfhip was in fome danger of partaking the difci
pline; to avoid which, he difmiffed the affembly with his benediction, and mild
words. Burnet fays he never could difcover whether the inferior orders evaded,
this tax.
In 1553 a fruitlefs argument was held in St. Paul's between two parties, each
pre-determined not to be convinced. The themes were, the doctrine of tranfub-
ftantiation, and a catechifm published in the reign of Edward VI. Drs. More-
man, Watfon, Chedfey, Meffrs. Harpesfield and Morgan,, for the Roman-
eatholi'cks ; Haddon, Elmar, Cheyney, Philpot, and Perne, for the Proreftants.
The defeat of the SpaniSh armada occasioned many ceremonies at St. Paul's.
On Sunday, Sept. 8, 1588, a folemn thankfgiving was held, when eleven flags,
taken from, the enemy, were displayed from the lower battlements.
After the publick had been hearers of feveral fermons upon the occafion from
the Crofs, the Queen went, on the 24th of November, in great fplendour, to
the church, feated in a kind of triumphal chariot, with four pillars, fupporting a
canopy and an imperial crown.. Two others fupported a lion and dragon on the
front of the carriage, with the arms of England. This, vehicle was drawn by two-
white horfes. She was received at the church door by the BiShop of London, the
Dean, and fifty other clergymen, habited in Superb copes. At her entrance She
kneeled, and pronounced a prayer ; then proceeded to her feat,, under a canopy,.
in the choir, when the Litany was chanted. After which her Majefty went to a
clofet, prepared for the occafion, in the North wall of the church ; and (Shame
to our effeminacy) there She remained, expofed to the wintry blafts of November,
during the fpace of time which Pierce, bifhop of Salisbury,, occupied ia deliver
ing a fermon.
Many other royal viiits to St. Paul's might be mentioned, were this work con
fined to a hiftory of that church only ; it is hoped enough has been detailed to
explain the general forms of thofe foiem-nities.
The moft recent important tranfaction at St. Paul's, not already/recorded,. was the
interment of 'Sir Joffaua Reynolds. An account of this ceremony, evidently writ
ten by a witnefs of it, has been inferted in the Gentleman's Magazine * ; as- follows,
* V0I.LXH.P.-273. ** 1792,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 167
" 179a, Saturday March 3. At half an, hour after three o'clock was interred the
¦body of Sir Jofhua Reynolds, knt. LL. D. in the Univerfities of Oxford and Dub
lin, principal painter to his Majefty, prefident of the Royal Academy of Paint
ing, Sculpture, and Architecture, F. R. S. F.S. A. and member of the Imperial
Academy at Florence. Pie was interred in the vaft crypt of the cathedral
church of St. Paul, next to the body of Dr. Newton, late bifhop of Briftol,
himfelf an eminent crkick in poetry and painting, and clofe by the tomb of
the celebrated and learned Sir Chriftopher Wren, the architect of that great
edifice. "The body was conveyed on the preceding night to the Royal Academy,
according to the exprefs orders of his Majefty, by a condefcenfion highly
honourable -to the memory of Sir Jofhua Reynolds, and gratifying to the wishes
of that Society of eminent Artifts. It lay that night, and until the beginning of
xhe funeral procefs, in ftate, in the model room of the Academy.
" The company who attended the funeral affembled in the library and council-
Hchamber, the Royal Academy in the exhibition-room. The company confifted
of a great number of the moft distinguished perfons in the kingdom, who were
-emulous in their defire of paying the laft honours to the remains of him whofe life
had -been distinguished by the exertion of the higheft talents, and the exercife of
-every virtue that can make, a man refpectable and beloved. Many more were
prevented byillnefs, and unexpected and unavoidable occafions (which they much
regretted), from attending. Never was a -public folemnity conducted with more
order, decorum, and dignity.
" The proceffion fet out at half an hour after twelve o'clock. The hearfe
arrived at the great Weftern gate of St. Paul's about a quarter after two ; and was
there met by the dignitaries of the church, and by the gentlemen of the choir ;
who chanted, the proper pfalms, while the proceffion moved to the entrance of the
choir ; where was performed, in a fuperior manner, the full choir evening fer
vice, together with the fine anthem of Dr. Green, " Lord, let me know my end!"
the body remaining, during the whole time, in the centre of the choir. The
ohief mourner, and gentlemen of the Academy, as of the family, were placed by
the body ; the chief mourner, in a chair, ,'at tJhe head ; the two attendants at the
feet ; the pall-bearers, and executors, in the feats on the decanal fide ; the other
noblemen and gentlemen on the cantonal'Side-, The BiShop of London honoured
Y.a this

168i CATHEDRAL OE ST. PAUL.
this folemnity with his attendance; as did alfo- the Lord Mayor, who both;
appeared in their official feats. The Sheriffs, and feveral of the aldermen, were
alfo prefent. After the fervice, the body was conveyed into the crypt, and placed
immediately beneath the perforated brafs plate under the centre of the dome.
Dr. Jeffries, canon-reSkientiary, with the other canons, and the whole- choir, came-
under the dome ; the grave-digger attending in the middle, with a-fhoveWull of
mould, which, at the proper time, was thrown through the apertures of the plate -
on the coffin. The funeral fervice was. chanted, and accompanied on the organ,.
in a grand and affecting m inner. When the fervice was ended, the chief mourners .
and executors went into the crypt, and attended the corpfe to the grave> iii the.-
South aile of the choir,- which was dug under the pavement.-
" Great credit is due tothe Lord Mayor, through whofe directions no carriage
was fuffered to be in the Streets after ten o'clock. His LordShip and the Sheriffs
honoured the proceffion by going to Somerfet Houfe, where an officer's guard qf.
thirty men was placed at the great court-gate. After the proceffion- had paffed
through Temple Bar, the gates were Shut, by order of the Lord Mayor, to pre- -
vent any interruption from carriages to or from the city. The fpectators, both in,
the church and in the Streets) were innumerable ; the Shops were Shut, the win
dows of every houfe were filled; and the people in the Streets, who feemed to •
fhare in the general forrow, beheld the whole. with refpect and Silence. The.;
order -of the proceffion was as follows; The city marShals-
The undertaker, and ten conductors, on horfebacfc
A lid, with plume of feathers.
The hearfe, drawn by Six- horfes.
Ten pall-bearers ; viz.
Duke of -Dorfet, lord high Steward of his Majefty's houfehold,,s
Duke of Leeds-,
Duke of Portland,
Marquis TownShend,1.
Marquis of Abercorn^ ,
Earl of Carlisle^ ,
Earl of Inchiquin $.
Earl of Upper Offory,
Lord Vifcount Palmerfton,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. ut-
Lord Elliot.
Robert Lovell Gwatkin, efq. chief mourner.
Two attendants of the family.
Right Hon. Edmund Burke, -\
Edmund Malone, efq. vexecutors.
Philip Metcalfe, efq. J
The royal academicians and Students.
Lord ArchbiShop of York, Marquis of Buckingham. .
Earl of Fife, Earl of Carysfort.
Lord St. Afaph, Lord Bifliop of London-
Lord Fortefcue, Lord- Somers.
Lord Lucan, the Dean of Norwich.
Right Hon. William, Wyndham, Sir Abraham Hume, bart..
Sir George Beaumont, bart. Sir Thomas Dundas, bart.
Sir Charles Bunbury, bart. Sir William Forbes, bart.
Dr. George Fordyce, Dr. Afh, Dr. BrockleSby,. Dr. Blagden, Sir William
Scott, M.P. George Rofe, efq, M. P. John Rolle, efq. M. P. William Wed-
d'el, efq M. P. Reginald Pole Carew, efq,., MP. Mathew Montagu, efq. M.'P.
Richard Payne Knight, efq. M. P. _ Dudley North, efq. M. P. Charles Town-
ley, efq. Abel Moyfey, John Cleveland, efq. M. P. John Thomas Batt, Wel-
bore Ellis Agar^ efquires ; Colonel Gwyn, Captain Pole ; Richard * Clarke,
 Drew, Edward Jerningham, efquires -y Dr. Laurence, William Seward,
James Martin, Bennet Langton,,. James Bofwell, Richard Burke, Thomas Coutts,
William .Vac hel,7 John Julius Angerfiein, Edward Gwatkin, Charles Burney
John Hunter, William Cruikfhank,  Home, John Philip Kemble,
Jofeph Hickey, efquires ; Mr. Alderman Boydell, John Devaynes, efq. Mr. Poggi,
Mi*. Breda.
" The. company were conveyed in forty-two mourning coaches; and forty-nine
coaches belonging to- the nobility and gentry attended," empty. The following
perfons were prevented from attending by.illnefs, or attendance on election com-
fnittees in the Houfe of Commons : Marquis. del Campo, the Spanifh ambaffadoT ;
the Ruffian ambaffador ; the Duke of Devonshire, the Earl of Aylesfort, the Earl
of Leicefter. Earl Spencer, Earl Fitzwilliam, Earl Mount Edgecumbe, Vifcount
Falmouth, . the Bifhop(of Durham, .Lord Sheffield, Lord Macartney, Lord Bay-
ham*:.

l7o CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
ham, Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Sir Plenry Englefield, bait, the Hon.
Edward, John, and William Eliot.
" Sir Jofeph Banks, bart. prefident of the Royal Society, though unavoid
ably detained by his attendance at a board of Longitude to a late hour, was fo
defirous of fliewing his regard and efteem for his late friend, that he endeavoured
to join the proceffion at two o'clock ; but was prevented by the order which the
Lord Mayor had given reflecting the gate at Temple Bar.
" The following members of the Literary Club, of which Sir Jofhua Reynolds
was the founder, in 1764, paid the laft tribute of refpect by attending his
remains to the grave ; though, in confequence of fome of them being obliged to
fulfill particular duties, they could not walk in a body: Right Hon. Edmund
Burke, Sir William Scott, Right Hon. William Windham, Bennet Langton, efq.
James Bofwell, efq. Lord Oflbry, Lord Palmerfton, Lord Lucan, Dr. Fordyce,
Lord Eliot, and Edmund Malone,, efq.
" It is remarkable that the funeral of this illustrious painter was honoured
by the attendance of one knight of the Thiftle, two knights of St. Patrick,
three knights of the Garter, three dukes, and four lords lieutenant of Ireland."
A fpirited Sketch of this great painter's life and manners appeared in the fame
ufeful publication, p. 381; and, as the Gentleman's Magazine is a work of
unquestionable authenticity, I Shall once more venture a trial of my reader's
goodnefs, by introducing it as a juft tribute to fo great an Artift.
" Sir Jofhua Reynolds, fon of the Rev. Samuel Reynolds, Was born at Plymp
ton, in the county of Devon, July 16, 1723. About the year 1742 he was placed
tinder Mr. Hudfon, who, though not a very -eminent painter, was the beft of that
time. Hudfon himfelf had been a pupil of Richardfon, who thus appears to have
been Sir JoShua's pictorial grandfather. Mr. Reynolds went with Admiral, after
wards Lord Keppel, to Minorca, in 1749, and thence accompanied him to Italy,
where he Stayed till 1753. At Rome he painted fome caricatures of the EngliSh
gentlemen then there, with their Own confent we believe. It was much the mode
at that time. He particularly painted one that is a fort of Parody on Raphael's
School of Athens, in which all his English acquaintances then at Rome were
'introduced. This picture is efteemed a great curiofity by tire owner, whofe
portrait it contains, with near thirty others. It is in ' the ' poffeffion of Jofeph
Henry, efq. of Straffan, in Ireland. He returned from Italy in 1753 or 1754;
and foon testified to what a degree of elegance he had arrived in his profeffion, by

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. l71
by producing a whole-length picture of his patron, which is well known by the
print, and is thought by many equal to his later wanks. This performance intro
duced him at once into the firft bufinefs in portrait- painting, to which he particu
larly applied himfelf; and having painted fome of the firft-rate beauties, the polite
world flocked to fee them, and he foon became the moft fafhionable painter, not
only in England, but in Europe. He lived at that time in Newport-Street,
whence he removed to Leicefter- fields about 1760. One of the largeft composi
tions of portraits that Sir Jofhua has ever painted is the Family-piece at Blenheim.
Though he ever chiefly cultivated his talent for portraits, it is eafy to perceive,
from the fpecimens he at intervals produced, that if he had fuppofed the histori
cal department equally eligible, in a country where his good fenfe very early
pointed out it was not likely to be fufficiently encouraged, he would have been
no lefs diftinguilhed for his hiftory pieces than for portraits. The principal hif-
torical paintings of Sir Jofhua, that we can recollect, are, Hope nurfing Love ;
Venus chaftifing Cupid, for having learned to eaft Accounts ; the Story of Count
Hugolino, from Dante ; a Gipfey telling Fortunes ; an Infant Jupiter; the Call
ing of Samuel ; the Death of Dido ; the Nativity; the Four Cardinal Virtues,
with Faith, Hope, and Charity, for New College Chapel, Oxford; Cupid and,
Pfyche ; Cymon and. Iphigenia ; the Infant Academy; the Continence of Scipio;
the Holy Family, fold to Mr. Macklin ; Tuccia, Md to the fame perfon ; Venus
and Cupid; the Death of Cardinal Beaufort ; Mrs. Siddbns as the- Tragic Mufe ;
Hercules Strangling the Serpents, which, he painted for the Emprefs of Ruffia ;
and the Cauldron Scene in Macbeth, painted for Alderman Boydell. He alfo
painted a few landfcapes. He undoubtedly did not- owe any part either of his
fame or his fortune to royal favour ; his Majefty never having commissioned him to
paint a fingle picture, nor once fat to him, except in the year. 1778, when he gave
his portrait to the Royal Academy. The Emprefs of Ruffia honoured him fo far,
as to prefent him. with her portrait fet in diamonds — It has been faid that Sir
Jofhua was " one of the felecl party of ajfociated genius ," fo admirably characterifed:
-by Dr. Goldfmith. But this matter has been generally mifunderftood, as if the
perfons. whom Goldfmith has. defcribed were of fome regular. club. or affociation.
The fact is, that Sir Jofhua, Mr! Garrick, Mr. Cumberland, Goldfmith,
Mr. Burke, and his brother Richard, Mr. William Burke, and Dr. Bernard, now
bifhop of Killaloe, had happened to dine together three or four times at the
St. James's Coffee- houfe ; and an epitaph on Goldfmith, which Garrick produced, one.

H_ CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
one day, gave birth to the poem of Retaliation. Goldfmith's lines, however, on
Sir Jofhua Reynolds, are worth tranfcribing, though the character was left .unfi-
nifhed, by Goldfmith's death:
"Here Reynolds is laid; ;and, totellyou my mind,
Pie has not left a wifer or better behind :
His pencil was Striking, refiftlefs, and grand ;
His manners were gentle, complying, .and bland.
Still born to improve us in -every part;
His pencil, our faces, — his manners, our heart :
To coxcombs averfe, yet moft civilly Steering ;
When they judg'd without Skill, he was. ftill hard -of hearings
When they talked of their Raphaels, Corregios, and Stuff,
He Shifted his trumpet *, and only took fnuff."
" Sir Jofhua's prices were, About 1-755, for a head, - - 12 Guineas.
Soon after 1 760, - - - 25 Guineas.
About 1770, - - — - .%$ Guineas.
From 1779 till he, ceafed to, paint, — 50 Guineas.
Half and whole lengths in proportion. The prefent Earl of Orford, in the Adver-
tifement prefixed to the fourth volume, of his. Anecdotes of Painting, took occa
fion to mention the extraordinary merit of Sir Jofhua. " The prints after the
works of Sir Jofhua Reynolds have fpread his fame to Italy, where they have not
at prefent a fingle painter who can pretend to rival an imagination fo. fertile, that
the attitudes ofhis portraits are as various as thofe of hiftory -J~. In what age were
paternal
* Sir Jofhua was fo remarkably deaf, as to be under the -neceffity of ufing an ear-trumpet in
company. f " Sir Jofhua has been accufed of plagiarifm, for having' borrowed attitudes from antient matters.
Not only candour, but criticifra, muft .deny the force of the charge. When a fingle pofture is imi
tated from an hiftoric picture, and applied to a portrait in a different drefs, and with new attributes,
this is not plagiarifm, but quotation ; and a quotation from a great author, with a novel application
of the fenfe, has always -been allowed to be an inftance of parts and tafte, and may have more merit
than the original. When the fons of Jacob impofed on their father by a falfe coat of Jofeph, faying,
" Know now whether this be thy fon's coat or not ?" they only afked a deceitful queftion — but that
interrogation became wit, when Richard I. on the Pope reclaiming a biihop whom the Kjing had
777iakeii-

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. H3
paternal defpair, and the horrors of death, pronounced with more expreffive
accents than in his picture of Ugolino ? When were infantine lovelinefs, or em
bryo palfions, touched with fweeter truth, than in his portraits of Mifs Price and
the baby Jupiter." — " Sir Jofhua Reynolds, the great painter of , the prefent age,
had the firft fondnefs for his art excited by the perufal of Richardfon's treatife."
Johnfon's Life of Cowley. " I know no man (fays the fame great writer, in
another place) who has paffed through life with more obfervation than Reynolds."
And in a note on a paffage in the laft fcene of King hear, Mr. Malone, in his laft
edition of Shakfpeare, fpeaks thus highly of him : " It is not without reluctance
that I exprefs my diffent from the friend whofe name is fubfcribed to the preced
ing note [Sir J. R.] ; whofe obfervations on all fubjects of criricifm and tafte are
fo ingenious and juft, that posterity may be at a lofs to determine, whether his
confummate Skill and execution in his own art, or his judgement in that and other
kindred arts, were fuperior." — Mr. Bofwell dedicated his Life of Dr. Johnfon "to
Sir Jofhua Reynolds, who was the intimate and beloved friend of that great man ;
the friend, whom he declared to be ' the moft invulnerable man he knew; whom,
if he fhould quarrel with him, he Should find the moft difficulty how to abufe.'
You, my dear Sir, (Mr. Bofwell adds) Studied him, and knew him well : you
venerated and admired him. Yet, luminous as he was upon the whole, you per
ceived all the Shades which mingled in the grand composition, all the little pecu
liarities and Slight blemifhes which marked the literary Coloflus."-— Mr. Malone,
we are glad to announce, intends Shortly to put to the prefs a complete and cor
rected edition of SirJoShua Reynolds's Works, including his Difcourfes, his
Notes on Du Frefnoy, his Idlers, and Obfervations made in a Tour to" the Low
Countries in 1781, which have never been published, and contain many curious
remarks on the principal painters of the Flemish fchool. — -To our account of the
funeral of Sir Jofhua Reynolds we have only to add, that a very elegant print,
engraved by Bartolozzi, has been prefented to each of the gentlemen who
attended on that occafion. The principal figure is a beautiful female, clafping
an urn ; near her is a boy or genius, holding an extinguished torch in one hand,
/
taken prifoner in battle, fent the prifoner' s coat of mail, and in the words of Scripture allied his
Holinefs, whether that was the coat of his fon or not? — 1.3 not there humour and fatire in Sir
Jofhua's reducing Holbein's fwaggering and coloflal haughtinels of Henry VIII. to the boyiftl jollity
of Mafter Carew ? Sir Joflma was not a plagiary, but will beget a thoufand. The exuberance of his
invention will be the grammar of future painters of portraits."
Vol. III. Z and

174 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
and pointing with the other to a tablet on a farcophagusr on-which there is this
infcription: " Succedet fama, vivusoue per oka feretur." Beneath, on
a fcroll are thefe words : " The Executors and Family of Sir Jofhua Reynolds
return thanks for the tribute of refpect paid to departed Gehius and Virtue, by
your attendance at the funeral of that illuftrious painter and moft amiable man, in
St. Paul's Cathedral, on Saturday, March 3, 1792."
Of all the appendanges to the church of St. Paul not one was, more important
than the Pulpit Cross.
That croffes were originally erected in cemeteries, as double mementos, can
not be doubted. They reminded the fpectator of the manner in which the Saviour
died ; thus difpofing the mind to charitable prayers for the happy ftate of the fouls
of thofe who refted at his feet, and affording a point towards which orifons were
to be directed, Numbers of our village church-yards itiU retain fragments of
Steps and Shafts of thofe croffes ; and a few are preferved with but trifling marks
of injury and decay.
It is therefore but reafonable to fuppofe, that the great yard of the metropolitan
church of London had its crofs, erected foon after the original confecration ;
when the pulpit was firft appended, is not fo eafily conjectured.* Probably the
prieft might on particular occafions have addreffed a fhort funeral oration from
the fteps, or poffibly, being in the vicinity of Cheapfide, fome ecclefiaftical
notices might have been affixed to or pronounced from it. The tranfition from
< Sis ufe to the convenience of a pulpit is obvious and natural.
From ibis pulpit the human mind has been viewed in every poffible variety.
Unlike others, appropriated folely to the honour of the Divinity and fupport of
Morality, it has been the Stage for the- eflays of intrigue, politicks, defamation,
curfes, and confeflion of crimes ; the fupport of preachers whofe doctrines hanged
fome and burnt others. In this medley of purfuits, where Shall we find room for
the pure, benevolent, charitable, prieft, who oppofed vice, inculcated virtue, and
preac*Ked toleration ? Far be it from me lo fay fuch priefts never did afcend this
pulpil ; there certainly were many. They are now transferred a few feet farther
South, -,vhere the pulpit ceafes to. be a Stage for any fubject but Morality and
Religion. Stow fays that fermons were preached at the crofs every Sunday
morning, and acknowedges he cannot trace its firft establishment. He adds, that in

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL., 175
in 1259 Henry III. commanded at the Crofs John Grifors, then Mayor, to fu tri
llion before the aldermen all males from twelve years or upwards, to take their
oaths of allegiance to him and his heirs.
1 26a. Henry III. ordered Pope Urban the Fourth's bull of abfolution from the
articles made in Parliament at Oxford, which he and others had fworn to obferve,
to be read at the Crofs.
1299. Some facrilegious perfons had dared to violate the church of St.
Martin in the Fields, by fearching it for a fuppofed concealed treafure. Ralph
Baldock, then dean of St. Paul's, according to the canons of the church, folemnly
anathematized, or curfed, the offenders from this crofs; and a rnore dreadful
punifhment could not have been inflicted, as thofe curfes deprived the wretches
of every thing but life ; which lay at the mercy of the publick, wh6 might kill
them with impunity, and who were forbid to afford them fuftenance.
Dean Nowel.l, I fhould imagine, was incorrect in his affertion, that an earth
quake overturned the Crofs on the 21ft of May 1382. Such a concuSIion would
have made ferious havock with fuch a church and Steeple as St. Paul's. When it
is considered that the force of undulation increafes with the height of the object,
an earthquake which would throw down a crofs, perhaps not 25 feet above the
furface of the ground, muft have entirely leveled half London. He mentioned
this circumftance in a fermon at the Crofs, after the Cathedral was burnt, June 4,
1561. I can readily allow that the Crofs might have been overturned during a
tempeft; for we find Robert de Braybroke, biShop of London, and five other'
biShops, about 1388, offering the ufual bait of indulgences, for money to rebuild
it. The fituation of the Crofs rendered it liable to conftant damage. When the
antient Structure of St. Paul's was 150 feet in height, and the paffages near it were
even narrower than at prefent, what torrents of wind muft have rufhed around
the fabrick. during a South-weft ftorm ! No Londoner of the prefent day can be
ignorant of the gale that falutes him in paffing from Cheapfide to Ludgate-hih7
" If there is a cap-full of wind" to be found in London, it is in St. Paul's church
yard. ArchbiShop Chicheley, in the reign of Henry V. appointed a prieft to Shew at
the Crofs certain Miffals, which had been defaced, either by Sir John Oldcaftle
or lus approvers, found within the precincts of the abbey of St. Alban's. One
would fuppofe the large and beautiful Miffal mentioned in a preceding page had
been of the number.

nr

«

Between

116 CATHEDRAL OF ST, PAUL,
Between the years 1450 and 1489 the Crofs is faid to have been" deftroyed, or
greatly damaged, by a Storm of thunder and lightning. Thomas Kempe, bifhop of
London, rebuilt it foon after, as Stow defcribes it, a pulpit of timber, covered with
lead, elevated on fteps, and furmounted by a crofs.
Richard, duke of Gloucefter, afterwards Richard III. when aiming to obtain
the Crown, appointed Dr. Shaw to preach before the people at the Crofs. Shaw
was a learned man, and a fluent or favourite preacher, or perhaps both. On
this occafion not much reading was neceffary, and no divinity. Infamous fuggef-
tions of illegitimacy in the royal family were the groundworks of this moft repre
hensible fermon. Thofe, when properly enlarged upon, were the chorus that
introduced the legitimate heir to the Crown, juft at the critical moment when
Jt was hoped the popular hatred had been excited to the extravagance of hail
ing the worthy Gloucefter as their true king, bearing the very features of his Sire.
Such a congregation as muft have compofed that which liftened to Dr. Shaw
were very liable to be deceived by an artful preacher, mafter of eloquent language,
and vehement in his delivery ; but it is not always poflible to give falfehood the
femblance of truth. The artifice was perceived ; and not one token of approba
tion faluted Gloucefter when he entered the place where eminent perfons ufually
fat to hear fermons from the Crofs.
Shaw feems to have been a man of fome principle, or at leaft fufceptible of
Shame. He had ventured to dare Heaven in public, and had faced an audience
aftonifhed at the enormity of his affertions ; but could not bear the rays of truth,
darting on a guilty confcience. He Shrunk from focicty, and died with the refent-
ment of thoufands againft him.
A trifling circumftance led to the marriage of James IV. of Scotland with Mar
garet, daughter 'of Henry VII. The garrifon of Norham Caftle were provoked,
by the infults of fome Scotch troops, to fend out a party for revenge ; which they
gratified by killing a few perfons of that nation. James demanded redrefs of
Henry. This he promifed ; and, on the defire of King James, fent the bifliop
of Durham, to whom the caftle belonged, into Scotland ; where he was met by
the King, at Melros abbey. The conferences on this occafion were terminated
in a propofal for the above alliance ; which was (after fome objections from his
council) acceeded to by the Englifh monarch. And the agreement was announced
at St. Paul's Crofs, in the month of February, before Prince Arthur's death. The

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 177
The Earl of Suffolk, Sir Robert Curfon, and others, who had rebelled againft
Henry VII. were folemnly excommunicated, and accurfed from this Crofs, under
permiffion of a bull from Pope Alexander VI.
In the reign of the fame king, parliament enacted, that priefts, ot clerks, who
were convicted of certain crimes, Should be burnt in the hand, with other penal
ties, applying too clofely, in the opinion of the clergy, to their privileges. They
accordingly condemned, and the laity approved. The Abbot of Winchelcomb
pronounced openly at St. Paul's Crofs, that all the aiders and abettors of this act
were fubject to the cenfures of the church ; and infifted, in a book written by
him exprefsly for the purpofe, that all priefts, dignified or unbeneficed, were
exempt and facred from all fecular punishments.
This matter, fo plain to us, gave rife to debates, conferences, and violence,
for a long time ; and no doubt was remembered by the Reformers in the fucceed-
ing reign.
The MS. Vitellius, B. IV. Cotton Library, contains "The Pope's fentence
againft Martin Luther, publifhed at London, the 12th Day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1521, and in the 13th year of the reign of our fovereign lord King
Henry VIII. of that name : The Lord Thomas Wolfey, by the grace of God
Legate de latere, Cardinal of St. Cecilia, and Archbifhop of York, came unto
St. Paul's church of London, with the moft part of the bifhops of the realm,
where he was received with proceffion, and cenfed by Mr. Richard Pace, then
being dean of the faid church. After which ceremonies done, four doctors
bare a canopy of cloth of gold over him going to the high altar; where he
made oblation. Which done, he proceeded forth, as above faid, to the Crofs
in Paul's church-yard, where was ordained a fcaffold for the fame caufe; and he
fitting under his cloth of eftate, which was ordained for him, his two croffes on
every fide of him ; on his right hand (fitting on the pace where he fet his foot)
the Pope's ambaffador, and next him the Archbifhop of Canterbury ; on his left
hand the Emperor's ambaffador ; and next him the BiShop of Durham ; and all the
other biShops, with other noble prelates, fat on two forms. And then the Bifhop
of Rochefter [FiSher] made a fermon, by the confent of .the whole clergy of
England, by commandment of the Pope, againft one Martinus Eleutherius, and
all his Works;' becaufe he erred fore, and fpake againft the holy faith; and
denounced them accurfed which kept any of his books. And there were many
burned

178 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
burned in' the faid church-yard of his faid books during the fermon ; which ended,
my Lord Cardinal went home to dinner, with all the other prelates."
In the feflion of parliament, 1534, when Henry VIII. had refolved on demq-
lifhing the Pope's fupremacy in England, bifhops were appointed to preach at the
Crofe, exprefsly on that theme.
1534. The ridiculous impoftor, known by the name of the Maid of Kent, was
expofed, with her accomplices, on. a fcaffoid at the Crofs; and their confeflion
publicly read from it, previous to their execution at Tyburn.
1538, Feb. 24. One of the ftrongeft experiments perhaps ever exhibited in
favour of the Reformation happened on the above day, when the Rood (or Cru
cifix) of Boxley, the Rood' of Grace, was Shewn motionlefs, expofed a mere mafs
of inert matter, turned from fide to fide by the enlightened FiSher, biShop of
Rochefter, on this pulpit; from whence curfes would have a few years before
defcended on the wretch who dared to doubt the ftatue had on particular occa
sions bOwed, moved its dark orbs, and knit its brows. The ftatue, after having
been made to condemn itfelf, was consigned to immediate destruction before the
congregation. In 1548, Hugh Latimer, the venerable ex-biShop of Worcefter, preached a
fermon in the Shroudes at Paul's church, in which he reproaches the Londoners
with want of charity ; a reproach to which, at the prefent day, they of all others
are leaft liable. In a fubfequent difcourfe, however, preached in Lincoln fli ire, in
1552, he makes them amends, by the following ufeful hint : "The citizens of Nairn
had their burying-place without the city, which no doubt is a laudable thing ; and
I do marvel that London, being fo rich a city, hath not a burial-place without ;
for, no doubt, it is an unwholefome thipg to bury within the city, efpecially at
fuch a time when there be great fickneffes, and many die together. I think verily
that many a man taketh his death in Paul's church-yard : and this I fpeak of
experience ; for I myfelf, when I have been there on fome mornings to hear the
fermons, have felt fuch an ill-favoured unwholefome favour, that I was the worfe
for it a great while after ; and I think no lefs but it is the occafion of great fick-
nefs and difeafes."
The violence and rancour of the contending parties, in defending their doc
trines during the reigns in which the Reformation Struggled for the afcendency,
can barely be imagined in thefe days of religious peace. Our historians fay, that the

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 179
the Proteftants loft no opportunity of intuiting the worfhip reftored by Queen
Mary; neither were the priefts, bigoted to their old privileges, backward in
retorts. Mafter Bourne, one of the number, preached, Aug. 13, 1553, before
Bonner, bifhop- of London, and Sir Thomas White, lord mayor, at the Pulpit
Crofs. He was fo very violent againft the Reformers on this occafion that the
auditory were generally much exafperated. One of the number was wicked
eniough to hurl an unfheathed dagger at the infuriated prieft ; but, fortunately, with
an erring aim. Bourne, finding his place untenable, retired ; when Mafter Brad
ford, a more gentle prieft, afcended the rottrum ; and, by well-timed perfuafions,
calmed the riling tempeft. This outrage occasioned the Government to furround
the Crofs, with guards on the enfuing Sundays.
In the year 1554, Dr. Pendleton, forgetting precedent, and poflibly difregard-
rng all perfonal danger, in hopes of a glorious canonization, poured forth, in the
fame place, the fame offensive fentences againft the Reformers. An aflaffin was
ready, but equally unfkilful. Much as 1 honour the motives of the genuine
Reformer, it is impoffible to juftify the extravagant infults offered to the Roman-
eatholicks. On the 8th of April, the fame year, a prieft exhibited a poor hanged
cat at the Crofs, which had been found dangling on a gallows near the Crofs in
Cheapfide, dreSfed in the facred veftments of the altar, with the head Shaved,
and an imitation of the hoft, or confecrated wafer, tied between the fore paws.
A perfon guilty of fuch an offence would now receive but little mercy from a
jury of twelve Proteftants. The Communion is too folemn a fubject to be jefted
With, even coupled with the impoffible doctrine of Tranfubftantiation.
The above facts are inftances illuftrative of my obfervations on the variety
of purpofes for which this public pulpit has been ufed ; for whofe fupport a con
fiderable fum had accumulated, from gifts and bequefts, amounting to the fum
of 1770I. belides rent charges of 44I. 6s. 8d. Thofe fums were applied to the
payment of the preachers, and the expences of their entertainment at the Shuna-
mite's houfe ; who was a perfon that kept a kind of inn for their reception, by
the appointment of the church. The priefts were originally allowed 45 s. for a
fermOn ; but the fum was afterwards reduced to 40s. with four days board and
lodging at the Shunamite's.
The bifhop of London generally appointed the preachers ; but not upon ever-
ocJcafiofi,, as' I have already demonstrated.
The

1S9 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The following extract from the Journals of the Houfe of Commons will explain
who poffeffed their direction during the interregnum.
1642, Sept. 24. " The Lords and Commons, in Parliament affembled, being
informed that an antient truft is conferred upon the Lord Mayor and Court of
Aldermen, for fatisfaction and provifion of and for all minifters that preach
at Pawles church, Pawles crofs, the Spittle, and other places, before the faid
Lord Mayor and Aldermen, on the Lord's-day morning, and other days; as alfo
that of later times, many unfound, unfaithful, and unprofitable minifters have
been appointed to preach in thofe places, whofe fermons have often tended more
to popery and fedition than edification and wholefome instruction ; do declare
and order, that during thefe times of diftraction, the Lord Mayor and Court of
Aldermen, or the greater part of them, for the time being, Shall henceforth
nominate and appoint all and every the minifter or minifters (fo they be not under
the degree of a mafter of arts), that Shall preach before them on the Lord's-day in
the morning at any of the places before mentioned, or any other place, as to
them, or the greater part of them, Shall feem meet and fit ; and that every fuch
minister that Shall preach before them, being thereunto appointed and chofen as
is before expreffed, fliall be by the faid Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen paid
and allowed the like gifts and allowances as have been given and allowed to
preachers that have been appointed by any others to preach in any of thofe places
aforenamed. " And it is further ordered that all perfons, as well bodies politic and corporate
as other, intrufted to make payment of any fum or fums of money, for and
towards the fatisfaction of fuch minifters as Shall preach as aforefaid, Shall from
thenceforth make payment of the fame, as he or they have been accuftomed
to do."
An old manufcript fays, " The Matters of the church do fucceflively preach
on Sundays in the evening in the Term time ; and the two lecturers in the vaca
tion. And there was formerly a lecture for the holy-day evenings.
" There are fermons alfo for Thurfdays and Saturdays, at eight in the morn
ing, in Term-time, to be provided by the Chancellor. The Crofs-preachers the
Lord Bifhop of London appoints. Bacon's fermons, and fome others, the Recor
der's clerk is to look after."
Nov. 2, 1738, the Rev. Mr. Twells, rector of St. Matthew, Friday-Street, com
menced a courfe of Lectures, defending the Divinity of Jefus Chrift, which was
founded

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. ni
bounded by Lady Moyer, for feven months following, to be pronounced on the
firft Thurfday of each month *.
. Amongft other glorious .projects of the Revolutionists during the reign- of
Charles I. was that -of introducing Jews from the Netherlands. Oliver Cromwell
is faid to have entered into a negotiation with the Rabbi Menaffah Ben Ifrael,
who offered 200,000k as a compenfation for the indulgence ; but he would have
had .St. Paul's church as a douceur. If this had been conceded, the Jews might
have boafted of a noble fynagogue, a fecond Temple of Solomon.
It has ever been my determination to avoid the charge of plagiarifm. In many
..cafes it has been my good fortune to find an ample fupply of original materials .
but Hi .the fubfequent pages Stowe and Dugdale muft enable me to complete the
hiftory of appendages to St. Paul's, for I could not difcover an item relating to
them in the Muniment room.

The Hospital,
which was founded by Henry de Northampton, one of the canons, ffood within
the precincts of the church. This man gave his manfion-houfe., with the court
adjoining, near St. Paul's, for the residence of the poor ; and granted them the
whole tithes of his prebend for their maintenance. To thofe the dean and chap
ter added all their alms, in bread and money, the church of St. Pancras, that of
Barnes, &c. &c. with certain conditions annexed -f-.
The Chapter-house
begun in 1332, was Situated in the centre of a beautiful cloifter, on the South fide
of the church; an octagon,. with large buttreffes, adorned by pinnacles on each
gradation ; but Hollar's print Shews the terminations incomplete or broken.
Each front had a pointed window, under a pediment, adorned with trefoils and
cinquefoils. * See Gent. Mag. vol. VIII. p. 601.
f Hiftory of St. Paul's, p. if..
Vol. IIL A a The

t82 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
The Bell ToWer.
Dugdale fuppofes this building to have been firuated 'where St. Paul's fchool'
nqw Stands. In very antient times the; citizens of London held a court on the Site -
termed the Folkemot; and mention 'is -made in a Qyo Warranto, iffued 15 Ed
ward I. of the cuftonf of ringing abeUin this Tower, toaffembl- thepeople, long;
before 1 286. Sir William conjectures, . that a fpireof timber, covered with' leadj
was erected on the ftone tower about 1216. Stowe fpeaks of four, large bells within <
it, which belonged1 to Jefus Chapel; at 'the Eaft end of the-crypts of the church, -
and a ftatue of St.' Paul on the fpire. The Tower, Spire, and Saint, were won of
Henry VIII; at hazard,, by Sir Miles Partridge, who demolished the, wliole, -and-
fold the materials.- The Charnel; -
a chapel which was erected- over the bones collected ffonv the burial-ground;
Several chantries were founded Within this building, all of which are included hr
my general account of thofe maffes,:-in pages 48-50.. The Hiftory of St* Paul's,
p. 131, fays, ¦ that the door was- opened during, the Octaves of the dedication- of ;
the church, three days in Whitfon week, on the Feaft of Relicks, from the cele
bration of the. Apoftle's Mafs till the conclusion qf Vefpers, and on all the Six
holidays of the year, for Pilgrims. The warden received all the oblations -and '
legacies, and the tapers ufed at the interment of the dead,' for which he accounted
to the warden of the fabrick of the new work.- Mifapplication of the revenues
belonging to the chapel reduced the place to ruin;, and the ufual fervices were
difcontinued till' the year 1429, when Jenkyn Carpenter, mercer, and; executor
to the celebrated Whittington, obtained King Henry the VJth's licence to
found a chantry of one prieft, with a Stipend of 8 marks per annum.
Several eminent perfons were interred within the Charnel chapel/ two of which.
had been Ibrd mayors, Henry Barton, 1417, and Thomas Mirfin, 1.5 19. TJieir
tombs had alabafter effigies. The total'deftruction ofthe-building was occasioned
by Protector Somerfet, who ufed the ftone for Somerfet-houfe, in the Strand..
An amazing number of bones were removed, about 1549, from the vault below
the chapel ; more than a thoufand cartloads are faid to have been carried, to
Fin_bury fields, where they formed mouats for three windmills;
Par d ok-

CATHEDRAL OF .ST. PAUli 1 8 S

Pardon Church Hawgh
was Situated on the North fide of St. Paul>, to the Eaft of the Bifhop's palace,
¦Gilbert Becket, father of the celebrated Saint Thomas, portreve or governor of
iLondon in the time qf King Stephen, founded a chapel in this yard, and was
buried within it. It appears to have been neglected, and fuffered to go to decay,
notwithftanding the fanctity which ought to have attached to it as the enclofure
of the bones of a faint's father. Thomas Moore, dean of St. Paul's in the time of
Henry V. impreffed with veneration for Becket, rebuilt the chapel, and dedi
cated it to St. Anne and St. Thomas of Canterbury; and at the fame time founded
a chantry for three priefts. At leaft fuch were his intentions, which were com
pleted by his executors. In the fucceeding reign Walter Cakton augmented the
livings, and added a fourth prieft; .and Helen Stile bequeathed lands for the fame
purpofe. Mr. Walpole, in treating of the period between the days of Henry III. and
Henry VI. fays, " in this age Jenkyn Carpenter, a citizen of London, employed an
artift to paint the Dance of Death on the walls of the cloifter, which inclofed the
chapel." Dugdale hath printed the lines infcribed near eacM degree, which are a
translation byLydgate from the French; for the idea was borrowed from the cloif
ter adjoining the church of the Holy Innocents in Paris. " Holbein, by bor
rowing the thought," adds Mr. Walpole, -"ennobled the pictures." Several hon
ourable perfons were buried within the chapel, under tombs Superior in mag-
-nificence to thofe in the church itfelf.
"The Library,
tm the Eaft fide of the above cloifter, was built by Walter Shiryngtorv, chancellor
¦o£ the duchy of Lancafter in the reign of Henry VI. A catalogue of the books
may be found in the Hiftory of St. Paul's, Appendix, p. 6 1. One of the
jnanufcripts is in the British Mufeum. The Duke of Somerfet levelled the whole
^building 1549. A a a Sffi-tYHGS'earjS

184 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.

Shiryngton's. Chapel*

The above Walter Shiryngton, canon-refidentiary, &c. began a chapek near
the North door of St. Paul's, which he did not live to complete; but his execu
tors, in 1457, founded in it a chantry of two priefts. The chapel was dedicated
to the Bleffed Virgin and Saint Nicholas ; and taken, down, when chantries wers.
fuppreffed, in the reign of Edward VI,
Dugdale reprefents this canon as a liberal-minded man* and very rich^
The Bishop of London's Palace
ftood at the North- Weft corner of St. Paul's. I muft regret that it is not in my
power to defcribe this Structure, which was certainly the theatre of many impor
tant events : one or two are mentioned in the preceding fubjects. William de St.
Maria, biShop of London, founded in the lower chapel of the palace, 1 ugQy a-
chantry of one chaplain, who was to Sing for the fouls of him and his fucceffors*
Afterwards Sir Gerard Braybroke and others added another prieft, who was to
pray for. the founders, &c. Clifford, bifhop of London,, united them in 1408..
Harleian MS. 2296, contains the copy of an indenture,, executed by Edmund,
bifhop of London, on the 2_d of June, 2d and 3d of Philip and Mary, taTho-r
mas Darbiefhire, conveying the old palace for. 61 years, " for the old accuftomed
yerlie rent of feaven marks." The Situation was, I believe, very near the prefent .
Chapter House,
which is a Strong brick building,, defigned by Sir Chriftopher Wren, confifting
of a large hall, with fpacious apartments, oh the Eaft fide of it, on the ground-
floor; and a commodious chapter-room,,, with, other apartments^ on the firft*
floor; and an- Attick Story. .1 , St. Paul's School.
" That this was very antient, is manifeft by the charter of Richard j bifhop of
London, in the time of King Henry I. who thereby granted to one Hugh, the.
ichool-mafter, and his fucceffor in that employment, the habitation of Durandus, at

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL 185
at the corner of the turret (that is, the clochier, or bell-tower), where William,
;dean' of Paul's, had placed him, by his the faid BiShop's command ; together
with the cuftody of the library belonging to this church. To which Hugh fuc
ceeded in that place, Henry, a canon of the fame biShop's, that had been edu
cated under the faid Hugh ; unto whom the before-fpecified biShop, befides the
houfe which he the faid Hugh enjoyed, granted a meadow at Fulham, together
with the tithes of Flings and Madeley. — And in farther augmentation of its
revenues Richard, fumamed Nigel, who fat biShop here in King Richard the Firft 's.
time, gave unto this fchool all the tithes arifing in his demefnes at Fulham and
Horfete *, for the reception of them in gathering -f-."
The Chancellor of St. Paul's was vetted, not only with the direction of affairs
relating to teaching at the church, but was abfolute over the few who taught in
London. Henry de Blois, biShop of Winchefter, iffued his mandate, now at
St. Paul's, directing that no perfon Should prefume to teach within London with
out licence from Henry, then mafter, except the mafters of St. Mary le Bow and
St. Martin's le Grand, under pain of excommunication. The appointments were
made by the Chancellor, but the Dean and Chapter only could give the Matter
poffeffion ; who was to be fober, honefi, and learned, in Short, one whofe tenor
of living would be an example for his fcholars; a teacher, not-only of grammar,
but of virtue, " Eis non folum grammatices, fed etiam virtutis magifter,"
Such was the antient fchool, dedicated to. the honour of St. Paul ; and
fuch the foundation on 'which Dean Coletr erected - the prefent flourishing
feminary. As I commenced this work with a folemn promife to purfue a new path in
compofing it; fo have I- proceeded, and always with fuccefs, till the prefent
article compels me to depart from' 'my plan. Unfortunate ! that fo valuable an
inftitution, originating from fo good a man, fliouldtiave but half a hiftory; that
aimoft^a century Should elapfe, and the Historian not be permitted to record its
events^ Dr. Knight compiled, in 1724, from the original records of St. Paul's
School; and I would have done fo ia 1803, but cannot.' Why? exclaims the
reader; furely, if the hiftory of this fchool -is not - really ufeful tothe publick, it
Would be amufing to the world ; befides, we have a right to expect it in a hiftory
of London; iii Short, it ii'indifpenfable. True: therefore take a relation of the
fact. \ * Grist, iii Effex. -fr Hiftory of" St. Paul's, pp.- 9- *«• In

1« CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
In composing every article, I began as if no Historian had preceded me. I bani'fb:e$
, from, . my memory, even excellent John Stowe and all ,fiis: fuccefl brs. «:I *.had
obtained powerful intnoduct ions to the rectors of each parifh, and procured,- when
neceffary, others to ¦ officers of different., foundations. They, -with ithe greateft'
liberality,, permitted metofearchjnanythoufands of 'ufelefs,tpag.es, froan? whence
X have extracted thofe ^particulars which give .my work -a new character as a
Hi Story, of London. This fact is acknowledged in feveral refpectable monthly
/Reviews, of books. To preferve this character inviolate, I preferred & petition to
a Committee of the Mercers' Company, March 3, iSqj, of which the following
is the fubftanoe.
<' That Dr. Roberts, the- prefent 'High Mafter of St. Paul's School, :had j,n
the moft liberal manner given me. all. the information of which he was poffeffed j
but that I entreated the Company to let mexxtraet..fromtheir books fuch curious
.-particulars as- would illuftrate the fubject.
" That they <would fufferme to know, from their antient ;Geurtt>ooks previous
to the, year 1700, what eminent perfons had been entertained at the Mercers'-hall;
to obtain from them a defcription of the pageants ufed by the Company.; to fee
the precepts iffued to theCourt by the Lord Mayor, vfor providing corn, foldiers
arms,, and money, for government; with particulars relating- to the plantations .in
. Ireland, held by the twelve companies.; to fee the old deeds which defcribe the
hall in the State it was in Henry the Eighth's time ; -and, finally ^ to have leave
to view the hall and chapel, in order to defcribe thera^ the pictures, and mom*-
ments." The anfwer, delivered by a Member oT the Committee, was literally as fol
lows : " Sir, The Committee do not think proper to grant your requeft. To fee
the records indeed before 1700, is entirely out of the queftion. If you want to
know how many Exhibitions there are, you may enquire of the Clerk, and he'll
tell you of them ; but as to feeing the deeds and books of the Company, no fuch
thing can be granted. If you want a Hiftory of the Company, you may look in
Stowe, or other books. Sir, J wiSh you a good morning."
Yes, for once I will follow this fapient admonition. Dr. Colet fhall have my
hearty praife, and Dr. Knight will not refufe me his materials ; but not fo for the
Company. Neither Stowe (who would have fpurned fuch an anfwer), nor Maitr
land, nor Seymour, Shall be purloined. Their information cannot be ufed by me
except to fupply a chafm occasioned by the lofs of manufcripts. Neither will I
enter

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. t%%
enter by the back door to Steal my materials or defcriptions ; what cannot be
obtained by the honeft open mode I have adopted will remain unnoticed.
Excellent "old -Stowe deferves- every praife : but it remained for a Committee of
Mercers, in itfbj, to-difcover that a- hiftory of their- hall might be found in his
book down to the prefent time.
Mercers-hall muft hementione d in the parifti to which it belongs; but its hiftory
will be a defideratum to the publick, and perhaps to a.majority of themfelves.
John Coiet was the- eldeft of ten brothers and eleven Sifters, children of
Sir Henry and dame Chriftian Colet ; but this army of a progeny yielded the
field to the firft-born, and in a Short period, our Dean wasthe-only furvivor.', He
was bom in the year, 146-6,., within the parifh of St. Anthony's, London;, and is
fttppofedto have been educated in the fchool of that name. Newcourt fays, he
was -fent to Oxford in 1483 ; where he continued feven years; acquiring, know
ledge- and Studying, logick and philofophy. After proceeding in arts, he made a.
tour on the.'. Continent,., improving himfelf there in divinity.. On his return to ¦
Oxford,? he lectured, -gratis on all St. -Paul's Epiftles. This-appears to have been- -
between the years 1497, and 1499. At Oxford Colet became- acquainted With the
learned '^German. Erafmusi This led to a moft Sincere friendship, never inter
rupted till the. death of the-former; which: event. Erafmus lamented in pathetic ,
terms on all occasions;
In 1493, .Colet Obtainedthe prebend of Botevant, in St. Peter's church, York 5
1 _joa produced him thatof Dutnesford, Sarum, and Goodeafter, in St. Martin's
le Grand, London, which laft he refigned 15,03. In 1497 he was ordained deacon;
and' the Same-year prieft, prefented" by Sir Henry Colet to the living of Thiming,
in the county of Bucks 4 in 1505 we find him a Doctor; of Divinity, prebendary
of Mora; and foon' after Dean of St. Paul's. About, this time he refigned. the
vicarage of Stepney, of his admiffion to which our biographers have no account.;
Befides thofe, preferments, he was chaplain to Henry VIII. andhad the churchs :
and living, of Denihgton, in the county of Norfolk. In addition to; his other at-
tainmentsj. it is- feafonable to fuppofe that he had considerable knowledge in phy-
fick and furgery ; for he was appointed by- act of parliament licenfer of phyficians-. -
andTurgeOns,, with others, in the city of London.
Dr. Knight informs, us, that his mother, Lady Colet, - refided at Stepney during-,
her widowhood $ whither the Doctor was accuftomed to take Erafmus and other
friends. At thofe affemblies they read- and' arguedy. entertaining, and enlighten ing.;

IB. CATHEDRAL -OF ST. PAUL.
ing each other. Controverfies on theological fubjects- were' often' maintained
between the Dean and Erafmus; but thofe were always tempered by the moft
exalted friendfhip. Colet once wrote to Erafmus, " When, like two flints, we
are Striking one another, if any Spark of light flies out, let us eagerly catch at it;
we feek not for our own opinion, but for the truth, which in this mutual conflict
may perhaps be extorted, as fire out of Steel.""
The firft dawnings of the Reformation may be traced in the opposition of thofe
two friends againft the old Schoolmen, who were often driven to their wits ends
even for bad .arguments. Herefy was a weapon they hurled with great fuccefs atthe
friends; for Colet, Erafmus, and others, had encouraged the introduction of the
Greek language, and furely that act was heathen and heretical beyond endurance.
Befides this, Colet expofed many of the abufes- which- exifted in the government
of the church and monasteries, and loudly demanded .amendment.
Fortunately for the Dean, he had enlightened and powerful friends, who faved
him from the Stake and martyrdom, to which the biShop and vicars of his own
church would gladly have consigned him. -He was too rigid and confeientious in
his conduct for their eafe.
I cannot give a Stronger proof of Dean Colet' s eloquence in the pulpit than its
effect on the turbulent Henry VIII. Colet, in preaching before him, declaimed
boldly againft war, as unjustifiable, cruel, and inhuman; and fo convincing
were his arguments, the King thought it neceffary to haVe him -on his fide, before
he proceeded on a war then commencing, againft France. He-therefore fent for
the' Dean, and reprefented to him theffate of his quarrel, Shewing that the war
would be adefenfive and not an aggreffive conteft ; entreating him to repre
sent it as fuch in another fermon ; -which he afterwards did, to his Majefty's entire
fatisfaction. Dr. Colet feems- to have been a complete Philofopher, and capable of the moft
rigid felfAdenial, a conqueror of himfelf, another Socrates ; inclined by nature to
love,: luxury, fomnolency, fond of wine and levity, avaricious, and high-fpirited-;
and yet he mattered all thofe propensities, through a mental conviction of the
pernicious confequences attending their indulgence, fo completely, that -he was
chafte, abstemious, an early rifer, temperate, grave, -generous, and meek even to
bearing reproof from his own fervant.
' The ^worthy Dean died of a confumption, the confequence of an imperfect
recovery from the fweating-fiektieis, one of the antient -feourges of England, Sept.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 189
Sept. 16, 1519 ; and was buried near the ftatue of St. Wigefort, on the South
fide of the choir of St. Paul's, where he had caufed a monument to be erected for
himfelf fome years before, infcribed only " Joannes Coletus."
The rules for the government of the fchool muft have been the ftudy of a con
siderable portion of his time. Fortunately, Erafmus hath afforded us a minute
defcription of it, which Dr. Knight tranfiated from rhe Latin, for his excellent
Hiftory of the Foundation, as follows : " Upon the death of his father, when, by
right of inheritance, he was poffeffed of a good fum of money, left the keeping
of it Should corrupt his mind, and turn it too much toward the world, he laid out
a great part of it in building a new fchool, in the church-yard of St. Paul's ;
dedicated to the child jefus ; a magnificent fabrick, to which he added two
dwelling houfes for the two feveral matters, and to them he allotted ample falaries,
that they might teach a certain number of boys free, and for the fake of charity.
. He divided the fchool into four apartments : the firft, viz. the porch and
entrance is for catechumens, or the children to be instructed in the principles of
religion ; Where no child is to be admitted but what can read and write. The
fecond apartment is for the lower boys ; to be taught by the fecond mafter, or
' uSher. The third for the upper forms ; under the head mafter. Which two parts
of the fchool are divided by a curtain, to be drawn at pleafure. Over the
Mafter's chair is an image of the child Jefus, of admirable work, in the gefture
of teaching; whom all the boys, going and coming, falute with a Short hymn.
And there is a reprefentation of God the Father, faying, " Hear ye him,"
thefe words being written at my Suggestion. The fourth, or laft apartment, is a
little chapel for divine fervice. The fchool has no corners or hiding places,
nothing like a cell or clofet. The boys have their distinct forms or benches, one
above another. Every form holds fixteen; and he that is head, or captain of
each form, has a little kind of deSk, by way of pre-eminence. They are not to
admit all boys of courfe ; but to choofe them in, according to their parts and
, capacities.
¦ " The wife and. fagacious founder faw that the greateft hopes and happinefs of
the commonwealth were in the training up of children to good letters' and true
religion ; for which noble purpofe, he laid out'an immenfe fum of money ; and
yet he would admit no one to bear a Share in this expence. Some perfon having
left a legacy of 100I. Sterling towards the fabrick of the fchool, Dean Colet per
ceived a defign in it ; and, by leave of the biShop, got that money to be laid out
Vol. III. Bb upon

190 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
upon the veftments of the church of St- Paul. After he had finished all, he feft
the perpetual care and oversight of the eftate, and government of it, not to the
clergy, not to the biihops, not to the chapter, nor to any great minifter at court,
but amongft the married laymen ; to the Company of Mercers, men of probity
and reputation. And when he was aSked the reafon of fo committing this truft,
he anfwered to this effect, " That there was no abfolute certainty in human
affairs ; but, for his part, he found lefs corruption in fuch a body of Citizens,
than in any other order or degree of mankind."
Abstract of the Dean's Statutes.
The worthy Dean prefaces thofe by expreffing an ardent wiSh, that children
fhould be taught regularity of conduct, and a knowledge of literature. That he
might perform his part, he refolved to found this fchool of St. Paul's, for one
hundred and fifty-s-three children, to be taught " fre in the fame."
He appoints the Company of Mercers patrons, governors, and defenders ; and,
for the governance of the Students, a mafter, a " furmaifter," and a chaplain, with
fufficient falaries, for ever..
The office of High Mafter requiring great abilities in its poffeffor, he very
juftly defines what are the qualifications neceffary : " A man hoole in body,
honeft, and vertuous;" learned in pure Latin arid Greek; a man either Single or
married ; a prieft, " with no benefice with cure," or any impediment which
might prevent or divert his attention from the duties of his Situation. Such a man
is to be chofen by the Company of Mercers, in the fchool, during good conduct j
which is to be examined into on Candlemas-day, at the fchool. The Mercers are
forbid to permit the Mafter's abfence without their licence ; and any diffenfion
between him and the Sur-Mafter is to be referred to " the Surveyors being for
that yere." His lodgings were to confift of the whole ftory over the hall and
chambers, and a " 1-itel rniddel chamber in the howfe roofe," now yclept a
garret, and a gallery, with " all the fellere bynethe the hall, the kytchin, and
butterye." He received his furniture ; and his wages were a marker week, with
a gown annually, of four nobles value.
The Mafter was indulged by the Doctor with a vacation of thirty days, oon-
JuncTim or divifinu When ill of an incurable difeafe, or far advanced in age, he
was, to. be difmiffed,. with a penfion of iol. ;, but if he refigned voluntarily twelve
months

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. igi
months notice was required. If the Mafter had a hope of convalescence in illnefs,
his falary was continued ; and the Sur-Mafter officiated for him ; for which he
had a reafonable compenfation from the High Mafter. Upon his demife the Sur-
Mafter to be chofen, in preference to other candidates. The Dean bellowed his
houfe at Stepney on the office (fee the Plate). ;The attainments of the Sur-Maf
ter are required by the Dean to be equal to thofe of the High Mafter, arid he Vefts
his appointment in that officer. The Surveyors attended at the fchool, when the
Mafter prefented his affiftant to them, and they jointly charged him to execute
his duty faithfully, oh pain of difmiffion. He lodged in the Old Change ; and
his falary was 6s. Sd. per week, with, a gown, like the High Mafter's. He was to
dine with him if convenient. And when decay and age rendered the Sur-Mafte.
unfit for the office, the worthy Dean recommended him to the charity of the
Company of Mercers. His notice of refignation was fix months only.
If both Mafters were ill of any contagious diforder, the Founder orders the
fchool to be Shut, and the Salaries of each continued. Neither of them is per
mitted by the Statutes to enjoy lecture or profefforShips.
A poor child was to keep the fchool clean, and fweep it on Saturdays, ," and
alfo the leades $" and the Mercers to repair it.
The Chaplain was to be an horieft virtuous prieft, appointed by the Mercers ;
" he Shall alfo learne, or, yf he be lerned, helpe to teache in the fchool." The Dean
requires the Chaplain. Should have no preferment, or other occupation ; that he teach
the children their Catechifm ; and inftruct them in the articles of the Faith, and
Commandments, in Englifhy He, was to hold his office only during good behaviour;
and to have but one vacation in the year ; and that not without permiffion from the
Surveyors ; to be clear Of all difeafes when chofen ; but to enjoy his falary of 81.
during illnefs. His gown Wasvahied at 2,6s, 8d.; and he lodged eitherwith the Mafter,
or in " the Olde Chayn." This- prieft fang mafs every day in the chapel, and prayed .
" for the children to profper in good life, and in good literature, to the honour
of God, and our Lord Chrift Jefu." And "at his maffe, when the bell in the
fcole fhall knyll to facringe, then all the children in their feats Shall, with lift-
upp handes, pray? in the time of facringe. After the' facringe, when^the bell
knylleth agayfte,' they Shall fitt downe agayne to their bokes, learriinge." . ;
The Dean permits the children admitted to be of any nation ; and mentions
that they muft previously read, write, and be capable Of repeating their Cate-
chifms. The High Mafter is permitted to receive 153 (alluding to the number of
B b 2 fifh

192 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
fiSh taken by St. Peter *) ; with the trifling fum of^d. admiffion-money, which;
he orders to be given to the poor fcholar who fwept the fchool. Each child finds
his own candles of wax, for thofe of tallow are exprefsly rejected..
He directs that one fcholar Shall prefide on every form ; and that the teaching-
commence at 7 in the morning, continue till 11, recommence at i, and termi-.
nate for the day at 5. ; "¦ with prayers in the mornyhge, and at none,, and
at eveninge."
He allows neither eating or drinking in the fchool ; cockfighting, " rydinge
about of victorye ;" and no holydays or " remedyes -j~," under a penalty of 40s.
from the High Mafter, unlefs commanded by the King, Archbifhop, or Bifhop,.
at the fchool, in perfon.
The fcholars were to attend at St. Paul's on Childermas-day, to hear the Boy-
bifhop's fermon; when, at high mafs, every member of the inftitution was to-
offer one penny to the faid boy-biShop J.
During their proceffions, the boys were- to repeat feven Pfalms and the
Litany in a devout manner, " and not frnge out''
If a perfon, having a fon at this fchool, Was fo indifcreet as to permit him to*
attend any other, expulsion, without a poffibility of readmiffion, enfued.
The Dean was rather at a lofs what he Should appoint to be taught; but he
determined that the Greek and Latin languages fhould be pure., and: neither of
them read from any author whofe works were not claffical, eloquent,, and
poliShed. He perceived the abufes which had rendered the latter almoft unintel--
ligible, and expreffes his indignation againft the innovators very bitterly. Chrif- '
tian authors are recommended in preference to. the Heathen ; and for the Latin-
rudiments, his own. '-* Accidens;" then, " Inftiturum Chriftiani Hominis,. which.
that learned Erafmus made at my requefte ;" with the " Copia" of Erafmus, Lac- «
tantius, Prudentius, and Prpba and Sedulius, Juvencus, and BaptiftaMantuanus..
He gives- the direction of the institution to the Mercers, and charges them to-
appoint eleven perfons annually, free of their company, as " Surveyors of the.'
Scole." Thofe men are to receive the rents of the endowments, and tranfact all
affairs relating to them and the fchool. The Dean then beftows 2,0 s. per annum-
on the " renter,"' and a gown, of 1,3 s. 4/I. value, and commands the Surveyors to.
* John Jtxi. 11. f Play, davs^
J Thi^ inftitution has been already noticed. The boy-bifhop was one of ther' chorifters of a
cathedral, chofen by the reft to officiate from St. Nicholas' day to the evening. of Innocents'-day,.
in the habit of a biihop j and, if. he died in the -interval, was buried in. that, habit, or reprefented;
in, it, as at Salifbury.
WY-

CATHEDRAL. OF ST. PAUL. 193
pay the different falaries in the fchool quarterly; when the annual accounts were
audited, he allowed " a litell dinner ordeyned by the Surveyors, not exceedinge
the pryce of fower nobles," three days before or after Candlemas. The "Maf
ter Warden" of the Mercers to have a noble, if prefent; and the other wardens 5 s.
each. The Surveyors 40s. per annum ; and the fame fum if they rode to vifit the
lands. " See that the Bayliffes renewe. theyr rentalls every yere. Let not the landes
of the fchole but by the fpace of five yeres."
" That is fpared that daye in rewardes and charges, lett it be put in the trea-
fure of the fcole."
And finally, Dean Colet folemnly charges the Company of Mercers to guard'
and promote the interests of the foundation for ever, to the utmoft of their
ability, as they fear the juft vengeance of God for neglecting them ; and to make
fuch other regulations for the governance of the fchool as time and circumstances
may render neceffary, with the advice and affiftance of "good-lettered and
learned men."
The following extracts are painted on a tablet within the Library, a dark,
diminutive, and dirty room, at the South end of the fchool, where the books
which- compote- it* are covered with' duft,. and defaced by the boys with ink and
erafures.. " Orders made at feveral Courts of Affiftants, held* by the worfhipfull Com
pany of Mercers, relative to fcholars of St. Paul's fchool intending to offer them
felves as candidates for exhibitions.
*¦' 1732,, March 16. Ordered, that noTcliolar be permitted to petition for an
exhibition, who does not lodge his petition in the Clerk's office one month at
leaft before the appoSition court ; and that the Clerk communicate the fame to
the- Wardens of the fchool for the time being."
" 1754, March 22. That, when any petitions are prefented to the Court of
Affiftants for exhibitions to be granted to fcholars educated in this fchool, the
High Mafter Shall be called in, and aSked as tothe qualifications of fuch fcholars
as Shall have fo petitioned."
" 1763, March 2,4. That no fcholar wh& fhall go to- the Univerfity without
the confent of the Court of Affiftants, or the Surveyor Accomptant of the
fchool for the time being, be permitted to petition for any one of the fchool
exhibitions." * A catalogue of which, 1 734, is given by Dr. Knight. "*773>

194 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.

" i<

1773, March 11. That no fcholar be permitted to petition for an exhibition
until he Shall have been full four years in the fchool, upon the foundation, by
the appointment of the Surveyor Accomptant for the time being."
Dr. Roberts has been fo good as to inform me, that the Captain of the fchool
leaves it at Eafter, with an exhibition which is not confined to any particular
College, amounting to 40I. per annum for four years, and 50I. for three fucceed-
ing years. This is tenable with any collegiate preferment except a fellowship.
Two of the exhibitions are for St. John's, Cambridge, at iol. each.
The Cambridge Univerfity Calendar fays, p. 112, under Trinity College,
" Five (Exhibitions), Mr. Perry, iol. per annum each, to fcholars from St. Paul's
fchool, London. If the number is incomplete, the 50I. is Shared equally amongft
them." And in page 78, Benet College, "One, 1781, by John Stock, efq.; pa
trons, governors of St. Paul's fchool; value 30I. a year, with the accumulation
during a vacancy, except 15 1. paid to the college; appropriated to a Student
from St. Paul's fchool."
There are twenty-feven exhibitions belonging to this valuable feminary.
The lands and tenements given by the munificent Founder for fupport of the
fchool were of the annual amount of 1 18I. 4s. 7d.
The manors were in Buckinghamshire, thofe of Berwick and Vach in Barton.
The following particulars relating to Vach are from the regifter of deed-
executed by the prior and convent of St. John's of Jerufalem, Clerkenwell, now
in the British Mufeum.
An indenture, dated July 1, 151 1, 3 Henry VIII. between Thomas Docwra,
prior, and John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, and the Keepers of Commonalty of
the Myftery of Mercers.
Henry VIII. in 15 10, "by letters patent, granted licence, at the inftance of
the faid Dean, to the Mercers, to have and receive lands, &c. to the value of
53 1. per annum, over and above all charges, of any perfon or perfons ; they wish
ing to grant, give, or bequeath, for the fupport of a mafter and ufher, or two
ufhers, and other things neceffary for the continuance of the new fchool founded
by the Dean, in the church-yard of the Cathedral church of Saint Poule, of Lon
don ; by reafon of the which grant, the faid Dean fued for a writ of ad quod damp-
num, directed to the efcheators-of the county of Bucks, in which was contained
the manor of Vache, in Afton, and other manors in the fame county. It was
returned in Chancery, that the manor of Vache was held of the King in chief,
according to records in the Exchequer; but the Prior of St. John s Shewed in a
deed,

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 1SS
deed, that the manor was held of him, as in the right of the hofpital, by the fer
vice of " feutie," and the rent of 3I. 7s. to be paid to the hofpital," We find
that neither the Dean or his counfel knew of the above deed, but fuppofed that
the Dean had paid his rent as a rent foke, and not as a rent fervice.
The difpute was concluded by this indenture, which gave the Mercers licence
to hold the manor, faving to the' Prior and hofpital the above rent and fervice.
The preceding agreement contradicts the affertion of Erafmus, p. 189, who
fays that the Dean refufed all afliftance in pecuniary matters towards founding the
fchool. On the contrary, here is an invitation from Collet himfelf for 53 1. per
annum ; whether any perfon accepted it, fome future Historian may poflibly learn
of fome future Committee of Mercers.
According to Dr. Knight, the Dean estimated the annual expences of the fchool
at 79I. 8s. 4d. ; and the annual overplus at 38I. 16s. 3d.
The antient fchool was burnt in 1666; it was rebuilt 1670, by the Mercers'
company, under the particular direction of Robert Ware, efq. warden of the
fchool, as appears by the enfuing lines, which hang in the library at prefent.
" Pueri in Mc fchola gratis erudiendi funt
cliii tantum ad numerum fedium :
Quod fauStum fit et felix !
Ad ferae pofteritafis imitationem, famseque fuse
iEternitatem : pott luctuofam Urbis Londini defkgrationem
A.D. m.dc.lxvi. ampliffima Mercerorum Societas,
fidem Fundatori t» paixotphri datam, fanctiffime perfolvens,
Scholam hanc de integro extruendam fufcepit
A. D. m.dclxx. perfecit, Dno Ricardo Ford, Equite, Urbis Praetore ;
Ricardo Chitterbuck Armigero, Societatis Magiftro :
Scholae vero cuftode totiufque negotii afliduo diligentiflimoque,.
Procuratore Roberto Ware Armigero.
EvXoyia K.vpus siri x.s(pct\ris hKocmx Prov. x. 6.
H p-wiv-H ctv\is h&t syKxiuwtt. V. 8.
St. Paul's fchool is certainly a good building, and would be an excellent oppo^
fite to the Cathedral, if the ftreet between them had been a hundred inftead of
thirty or forty feet wide.
It is a parallelogram extending North and South, almoft directly facing the chan
cel of St. Paul's church, The North wing, confifting of large and elegant apart
ments,.,

196 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.
ments, are occupied by Dr. Roberts ; the South, equally commodious, are thofe
of Mr. Wtiod, the Surmaifter, or principal ufher. Mr. Edwards, whofe office
fuperfedes that of the antient chaplain, refides in the Old Change, Eaft of the
fchool room, which contains at the South end an elevated chair, carved with
, fome tafte, with Dean Colet's arms, and the Mercers' company's creft, inclofed in
a wreath of flowers.
An old buft of the worthy Dean has been recently copied .by the late Mr. Bacon,
in Statuary marble, and the attitude improved; which is placed above the High
Mafter's feat. This admirable artift has given the features all that animation and
expreffion which belonged to his chiffel beyond any of his contemporaries.
Dr. Roberts has infcribed over his throne, " Intendas animum ftudiis et rebtts
honeftis."
On the left fide of the chair is a white marble buft of the late High Mafter,
Mr. Thickneffe, quite in the Stile of an antient Roman ; which was there placed by
a voluntary fubfcription of his grateful fcholars.
The motto over the entrance is " Doce, difce, aut difcede."
Dr. Knight has given an entertaining acount of the Mafters of St. Paul's School,
from the foundation to 1724. I Should have wifhed to complete the lift, had I
been furnifhed with materials.
I have been favoured by Dr. Roberts with a beautiful little book, printed only
for friends, containing Verfes fpoken in anfwer to an Oration in Praife of Commerce,
April 24, 1800; and Verfes fpoken on leaving St. Paul's School, May 5, 1802;
the production of William Sharpe, now of Trinity College, Cambridge ; who
dedicates them, in very flattering terms, to his refpe&able Mafter. The reader
muft admire the following apoftrpphe, from page 25, addreffed to the. memory
of Dr. Colet :
" But, while my vent'rous fong attempts to Show
The calm enjoyments that from Learning flow,
Can I forget whofe pious hand has Shed
Thefe valued bleffings on my favour'd head ;
Whofe goodnefs here, in rich abundance plac'd,
Fair Learning's fruit, and bade me freely tafte ?
Ah, no ! thy name, indelibly imprefs'd, '
Shall live for ever in my grateful breaft :
To thee our firft, beft thanks, are juftly due,
Sage Friend of Learning, and of Virtue too;
Wh«

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL. 197
Who, blefs'd by Heaven with an active mind,
Warm'd with a gen'rous love for all mankind,
Like a true patriot faw, with anxious pain,
His country bound in Superstition's chain,
And boldly dar'd to chafe the fiend away,
And blefs the world with Truth's returning day."
The church-yard of St. Paul's is inclofed by a very rich and extremely Strong
railing of iron ; which appears calculated to laft as long as the church itfelf.
A large folitary elm-tree grows directly oppofite the trunk-maker's door, in
the North-Eaft corner of the yard appropriated to the parish of St. Faith.
Rivington's is a moft refpectable firm of booksellers, on the North fide of
St. Paul's church ; and, on the fame Side, Newbery, for many years, iffued
fhoals of little ufeful publications for children ; a library which I well remember
poffeffing when nearly 4000 miles from England ; and I date my firft partiality
for literature to have arifen from the fplendid bindings, and beautiful wooden
engravings, of Francis Newbery, whofe fon and namefake has fince honour
ably acquired a very ample fortune, on the Eaft fide of the church-yard, by
the fale of Dr. James's Fever-powder, and other valuable patent medicines ;
whilft the widow of another Francis Newbery, of the fame family, has alfo
acquired a handfome competence at the North-Weft corner of the church-yard,
by uniting the fale of patent medicines to that of a well-felected juvenile library.
At this latter fhop have the monthly labours of Sylvanus Urban been regularly
published for the laft thirty years. Johnfon's is another large and long-eftab-
lifhed concern in books ; and, of late, the publications of his neighbour
Phillips have rivalled thofe of veterans in the trade.
The reft of the houfes, which are handfome and refpectable, are fhops for
-feveral jewellers, opticians (among whom, the houfe of Dollond is pre-eminently
to be named), upholfterers, and other trades.

Vol. III. Cc Thi

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL.

The Old Church op St. Paul.

If the architect had taken the antient defign for a model, when repairing the
church, in the reigns of James I. and Charles, he would have faved his memory
much reproach. Unhappily, Jones aimed at improvement, and the confequence
was a grand Corinthian portico, placed before a heterogeneous mafs, even plainer
than the Tufcan order.
The Sides of the nave and tranfepts were equally preposterous with the enriched
windows and clumfy pilafters, or, more properly, abutments. Compare the
antient windows with their mullions, fo elegantly ramified, and the buttreffes
terminating in carved pinnacles, with thofe by Jones ; and Shall we not exclaim
againft alterations and deviations of every kind in thofe noble works of our
anceftors ?

CLERKENWELL

( 199 )

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
ABOUT one hundred yards North of the Seffions-houfe at Clerkenwell, ftands
a pump. On it is a leaden plate,- infcribed, " For the better accommodation of
the neighbourhood, this pump was removed to the' fpot where if now Stands-.
The fpring by which it is Supplied is Situated four feet Eaftward ; and round if,
as hiftory informs us, the parifh' clerks of London in remote ages annually per
formed facred splays. That cuftom caufed it to be denominated Clerks' Well ;
and from which this parifh derived its name. The water was greatly efteemed
by the prior and brethren of the order of St. John of Jerufalem, and the Bene1-
dictine nuns in the neighbourhood ;" and, I may very truly add, by the prefent
inhabitants. rXhis place was well chofen for the above purpofe. The ground rifing consider
ably formed a natural amphitheatre for the crowds, which long performances, and
the great perfonages! who honoured them with their prefence, probably collected.
The Creation of the World was the fubject of eight days wonder, in the time of
Henry the Fourth, as we are told by Stowe. It is barely probable that this could
have been even! tolerably reprefented, when we confider the variety of fcenery
requifite to render it intelligible. Neither can I well comprehend how the Story
could be fpun but through eight days: certainly it muft have been 'much admired,
or curiofity muft have been very prevalent with our forefathers. I am afraid the
want of fcenes, 'and other deficiencies, would have attracted fmaller audiences at
this time* were the parish clerks to follow the example of their predeceffors.
The priory on the fummif of this hill muft- have had a commanding and beautiful
profpect, for we will fuppofe that the grounds before it to the Weft were in that
rural and pleating ftate in which the vicinity of Highgate and Hampftead are' at
prefent. ,
Jordan Briffet, we are informed, prefented Robert, a prieft, with fourteen acres
of land for the fite of this priory, and he gave a piece of ground for building a
mill. Richard Beauvais, bifhop of London, about the fame time, prefented the
.nunnery lands at Mufwell. But weare in the dark with refpect to the erection of
the building, or whether Robert purfued the methods adopted by Rahere and Al-
fiine, and begged^ for' ne-ceflaries to go on with it, or whether funds were other-
wife provided. Cc „ The

2Q0 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
The Cotton Library contains the Regifter of this priory * ; where the following
particulars occur, relating to their charters and gifts. -
" Stephanus rex Anglie, &c De confirmat' Henr' reg' Anglie ,p omnib's
donatorib' per Angliam. De cf'macione H. Rex Anglie. De confirmacoe
Llenr' Reg' Anglie. De advocacione reg' Ricard' de Anglia fup.' dicas p'oriffe
de Clerk'. De confirmacione reg' Ricard' de donaconib' tpbor' virorum in Anglia
ad domum S'c'e Marie de Clerk'. De confirmacoe reg' H. De confirmacoe reg' H.
Ditto. Ditto. De confirmacone regis Hen. Reg' Anglie de loco noftro in
quo manemus, et de omibs aliis sbfcriptis. Idem de confirmacoe regis Hen.
De donacone et cnrmacoe Stephi reg'. De confirmacone H. com' fil' reg! Scot.
De coafirmacoe Willi reg' Scot'. De cfirm'one Reg' Malcol Scotie. De cfirm'
reg' Will' de Scot'. De c'firm' comit' David fr' Reg' Scot. De dono Robti
filii Sewini de Northampton in Totenham. De dono Johis Blundi fil' Rob
Blundi. De dono Johanis Albi cum corpore fuo. De dono Reginalds de
Warenna. De dono Matildis de Ros de molendino de Hildrikefham. De
dono Henr' de Effex de ecclia de Walden. Confirmatio Hugonis de Effex' fit Henrici
fup ead'. Confirmation of the gift of Hugh de Mandeville earl of Effex, of
Walden, by Richard and William biShops of London. Gift of William de
Mandeville of ioo folidates of land at Edelmeton. De donac' Humfrid' et
Rob' Delamare et Galfrid' de Amblie de reddit' de Langeford. De cceffione
et cfirm' Witt Marcell de eccl'ia de Bleneford. De dono Gaufr' Martel de marca
reddit' apud Winceft'. De dono Maur' de Lane' de Dereflea. De dono Henr'
Foliot in barra verfus Smethefeld in loco ubi doms fundat' eft. De dono
Jordani fil' Radlf de xiu acs. De dono Sanfon prope Witewellebeche.
De dono Letie de Munteni 1 Clerckenwell. De dono Mauric' de Totham fup'
ecm de Toth'. De dono Maur' de Totha' de xv acr'. De dono Henr' de Foliot
de tra in Stebenhethe. De dono Symon' fil' Symonis de tfa 1 manerio de Horhelle.
De dono Henr' Foliot et Letie ux'ej' de 3 acr' in villa de Clerkenwelle intra vallum
ve'ris vit'iarii verfus aquilonem et 3 acr' intra 5 acras earund' monialium et vet' foffa-
tum. De dono Muriel de Munteigni in.Newentone. De dono Henr' Foliot de
Lodderefwelle. De dono Lcie de Munteni ferviciu' Salom'. De dono Muriel de
Munteigni de eodem. De donacone Rob' fil' Mengi de terra in Willingehale.
De dono Rob' Bryto in Wanftede. Ex dono Rob'ti de Beche de Hafingefeld.
Ex dono Rog' des Bancs in Winepolt'. Ex dono Willi de Rave in Kingefton.
Ex dono Will'i fil' Warini I villa dc Ewerfdon. Ex dono Adam de Mandevilla
* Fauftina, B. ii. 3. in

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 201
in Keddewh. Ex dono Rog' de Pyrob in Brembolea. De dono Bertram' fil' Terici
fil' Verematum de la Hyde & de Newentone. Ex dono Johis Boqute i Edelmeton.
^ dono Mich' Gap'li et uxor' ej' terr' Robti de Mointen in Burftona ecclie de
Cramaville fup' x folidat' reddit in Torroch'. <p dono elemoncie de Seintcler
in Welune. Ex dono Hub'ti ex capit'lo S'ti Pauli Lond'. Ex cceffione Walteri
Jerofol' Hofpital' fup' x acras. Ex cceffione Arnold' Jerofotim' fup' x acras.
Ex dono Margaret' de Ripay in Newenham et de Heyford. # dono Ade fil'
Johannis de Fugelefton in p'och' de Sydingeburne. De ceffione et dimiffio'e
Math'i Blundi f. S. B. ii poch'de Colekereche. De dono Symonis le Whyte in
p'och' Sancti Stephani fup' Walebroch. De dono Alani fil' Alani de Moreweye
i p'och' St. Petri in Weftcheap. De dono Marfilii de Walencia de magna
felda in Weftcheap in paroch' S'ti Petri. De vendicoe WiU'i filii Jordani Ranulfo
de Stanmore drapar' in p'och' S'ti Botulph ex' Aldrefgate. De dono Alexandri
LangShals in p'ochia S. Lawrencii verfus Thamifiam. De dono Wtfrich ct Nich'
et Yfabelf fil' David Cedlie fil' Ailmari Kenftan i p'och' S'ti Mich' vsus ripam
Regis. De dono Stephani fil' Reinardi in p'och' Omniu S'c'or' in Bredeftrate.
De douo Rosie Avenar' relicte Alani in p'ochia de Winothemariecheriche. De
dono HelveSie vidue in p'och' Sci Vedafti. De dono Symonis Blundi fil'
Rob' B. in p'och' Sci Martini fup' ripam Regis. De dono Brichmer de Haverille
in p'ochia See Brigide ult' Flete. Thome de Haverelle in Godruns lane in p'och'
S'ti Vedafti. De dono Galfrid' Blundi 1 p'och' Sci Mich' v'fus Thamifiam. De
dono Pet' Newelonis in vico verfus Cornhell. De dono Andree fil' Pet' Newe-
ton in Melcftrete. De dono Alani fil' Petri in p'och' S'ti Audoeni. De dono
Hugonis de Nevile in p'och' S. Magni v'fus pontem. De dono Salomon de Bating
in Hunilane. De dono Agnet', Bfket in p'och' de Colemanekirche. De dono
Matild' de Barne in p'och' S'ti Elfegi. De dono Thome de Bame in p'och' S'te Marie
Magdalene in Melcftrete. Johis fil' Bauldewine in p'och' S'te Marie des Arches.
De legatione Andree cap'ft eccl'ie S'te Agnet'. De dono H. fil' Kerni in efcambium
in par' de Wulnothmariechirche. De cfirm' hofp' Sci Bartholomei Emero le Lo-
rimer t're apud Holeburne. De dono Thurftani juxta Dunefgate. De dono WiU'i
fil' Ric' juxta ripam regis in socha monachor' Cant', 8cc. &c. &c." Including grants
of lands, &c. in moft of the towns of Middlefex.
Among the benefactors are the families of Mandeville and Warren.
Jordan Briffet and his<wife Muriel were buried, according to the Regifter of
St. John of Jerufalem, in that priory.

202 CLERKENWELL, ST.; JAMES.
" Ye Names of ye Priorefs of Clerkenwell, -• -
" Criftine, an0 ix of S. reg. 5 Ermegardis Ric. 1. ; Hawys ; Elyanor ;
Alefia; Ceefely ; Margery Whiatvyll, xxxvj.zer of ind H. ; Ifabell; Alis
Oxeney lvii zer iij.H. ; Almeys Marcy ; Denife Bras; Margery Bray ; Johna
Lewkenor -xxxvt0 Jone Fullam E.'tcii xvij an0; Ed eyrie Let; Katin' Bray-
brok ; Luce Attwod Ric. vto ; Johne Vyeyne H. iiij" 'iij'0 ; Margret Bake-
well ; Ifabell Wyntworth H. vi tcio ; Margareta Bull H. vj'' xxxijdo ; Agne's
Clifford E. iiijro tredecimo an° die Omniu S'cor''A.D. mccc'C ; Katrine Grene
E. iiijto ; Iffabell Howffey."
As this lift contains one name more than that copied by Newcourt, which he
fays he had from Fuller's Church Hiftory, "Edeyne Let, and fome other particu
lars ; I thought it right to infert an exact tranfcript from the original Regifter.
Ifabella Sackville had not then been elected, who was of the noble family now
earls of Dorfet. She was the laft prioreSs ; and was' buried near the high altar,
with an infcription, purporting the was priorefs at the time of the diffolution.
In the churchwardens' book for the year 1570 is the following entry : " The
Lady Izabel Sackfie/d was buryd in the cjuyr off Clarkynwell, fome tyme pryrys
off the fame chyrche. Ped to the curat, Thomas Cortys, for the breekeing off
the grownd, ios.
Item, for the great bell, 3s. 4d.
It. for the pelis *, 20 d;
She being buryd the 24 day of Octobre, 1576."
This houfe, fo many years ufed to the honbuf'of God,'' and the Affumption- of
our Lady, by nuns of the order of St. Benedict/fell by the'fiat ofHenry Vill. to
rife no more ; and was valued, according to Dugdale, at 262I. 19s. and by Speed
at 282I. 16s. ^d. The former agrees with the valuation in the Court of Firft
Fruits and Tenths, Where it is thus mentioned : " Priorii de Clerkenwell
262I. 19s.
Monafter™ de ") Terre et poffeffiones ) ', , , ,.',', } '
> v > vl. bona 30I. mutum 25 di.
Clerkenwell, J et ecctia, J
A fpecimen of the produce of part of the property belonging to the priory I
fhall give from the rate-book of Philip and Mary.
Their lands in the parifhes of Wankefey and Pevenfey, in the county of Suffex,
of the yearly value of 25s. were fold to Sir Richard Sackvyle for 25I.'
Newcourt fays, the fite of the nunnery at "length became the inheritance of 'the
Right Hon. Sir William Cavendifli, knt. Lord Ogle, Vifcount Mansfield, Earl, then
* PaH. Marquis,

CLETflKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 253
Marquis, and at laft Duke of Newcaftle. The mahfibn of this noble family ftood
Weftward of the; prefent church." The grbund has been built on in the neigh
bourhood of it, and is ftill called Newcaftle Place. The beautiful print of the
Duke in Birch's book, by Houbraken,7bdars in the countenance a commanding
but rafheY grave expreffion. Thofe oppofite characteriflicks may readily be
accounted for. Every thing he held dear was at one time on the verge of being
torn from him, through the turbulence of faction. Plis abfence from his country,
and the death' of Charles I. to whom he waV tenderly attached, were Strong excite
ments to grief. His courage, and the c'bmmarid he held, gave him a martial air;
and the confcioufnefs offuperior qualifications may be traced' in his attitude. He
died in 1676, aged 84, and was buried in Weftminfter Abbey, under a fuperb
monument. The priory has been fo far demolifhed, that only one piece of a wall, to the
North of the church, is left. >
The remains of the cloiftets, originally engraved for the Gentleman's Magazine
1785, are Shown in the annexed plate.
To understand many of the following particulars, it will be neceffary to State,
that the church of Clerkenwell was granted, for terms of years by the Crown, to
fdme'of the inhabitants, in truft, to Ufe as a parifh church ; 'and it fo continued
till' the 1 '2th'- of Elizabeth; "when She granted it, in fee, to one Downing and
another, as to the priory it had belonged.
From thofe it paffed to others, and from them to others, by deeds enrolled in
Chancery, till it came "to Edward Drake, of whorii'the parifhioners purchafed it,
with part' Of the parifh Stock. Drake, on the 2d of June 1656, granted the
church and yard to Berners, and others",' in truft, for the ufe of the parifh,
for ever, charged with tlie "annual fum of 4I. 18s. od. for the maintenance of a
curate *.'' ', Parish- Annuls.
Paid by the churchwardens 1584, for minister's and fexton's wages, and for
bread and wine, 53I. 18s. 3d.
In the year 1587,, 47I. .were expended in law fuits, endeavouring to prove
St. James's to be a 'parifli church, and the right to tithes. One William Birch
promifed, in the fame year, to do all he could for renewing the leafe of the
church to the parifh only, and to obtain -an abfolute rule, how the tithes fhould
* Communicated by Abraham Rhodes, efq. to whom I am under nJany obligation. be

J04 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
be enjoyed for ever. Thefe proceedings are generally registered, in fo imperfecta
manner, that we are frequently left in the dark with refpect to the refult ; which
is the cafe in this inftance.
It appears that Mrs. Dorothy Ley was profecuted for trefpafiing on a piece of
ground on the North of the quire, which " in times paft had been a.n eyle or
quire." Thus we find the church had been partly demolished for fome years
previous to 1587.
The prefent incumbent would hail with joy " the vickeridge hows, with a little
orchard adjoining unto ye fame houfe Northward," which was " holden by intru
sion" of Antonio Palmer, gent, and fued for, could he find it.
1602. Many years had elapfed ere the expences of the above fuit were paid,
or another had been commenced, for that or fome other caufe ; for the. church
wardens paid Mr. Benningefield, Aug. 7, in full fatisfaction of the money which
he paid for the cafe of the parfonage, iol. 12s. 6d.
161 1, June 1 2. Paid to Thomas Taylor, for plaifteringe and repairinge the
vyckeridge houfe 22s.
For two loade of doung, to fyll the hole in the vickeradge garden is.
For, the cleanfing of the vyckeradg houfe, and carrying away the rubbyfhe as. 6d.
For poweles and wyar, to fett up the rofe trees in the -vyckaradg garden, i6d.
To a gardener, one day and. a half, at 2od. the .daye, for trymminge the
garden, and fettyng up the rofes, 2s. 6d.
This vicarage houfe muft have been one of the beft near London ; for the
fituation at that time, when furrounded by fields and trees, and on an eminence,
muft have made it very pleafant. When we add to this, the orchard and garden
of rofes, we wifh to fee it reftored. No other mention is made of it.
159 1. Mr. Fletcher, minifter, had a falary of 20I. per annum ; for which he
was to find a perfon to preach every month, befides his quarterly fermons. And
he further agreed, to procure one or two perfons to officiate every Sunday, on
being paid 61. 13s. 4d. per annum more ; making the 20I. forty marks per year.
1596. The churchwardens had committed fome moft. flagrant offence, for
which they were excommunicated ; and the charges are Very modeftly placed to
the account of the parish.
Paid unto Mr. Dr. Stanhope, for an excomniacion, that he fent agaynfte
Mr. Trappes and myfelf, 5^, 3d.
Given unto Mr. Dr. Stanhope, for his paynes in coing to our church, ios. Paid

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 20$
Paid at Mr. Dr. Stanhope's office, for that we wer excommunicated, 2s. 4d.
Paid, delivering in of the article in acfayne for which we wer excomated, 6s.
Gowing before Mr. Dr. Stanopes concering an intimacion fent to our church
by him, 4s. $d.
1598. Paid unto Mr. Dr. Stanhope, for that our Regefter Booke was not
engroffed in parchment, 2s. 8d.
Paid to Mr. Dr. Stanhope, when we Shewed him or Regefter Booke in parch
ment, to be difcharged out of his office, as. 8d.
Mr. Dr. Stanhope feems to have been very attentive to his duty, at leaft in
the latter inftance ; for I know of nothing more neceffary than registers fairly
written and accurately kept. It is an unfortunate circumftarice, that many of our
churches are fo damp, that, notwithftanding the fires in veftry rooms, the books
of remote date are iii fome cafes much decayed ; principally thofe Of paper.
An affeffment was made, 159a, for men and money for the Queen's fervice.
The knights and gentlemen were to give at their difcretion, others 2d. in the
pound. As the times were faid to be dangerous, the parifh was charged, towards paying
for foldiers as a guard to her Majefty at Whitehall, in 1600, the fubfidy-men
2d. in the pound, and others 3d.
1601. Paid all the daniages att the bufines was abowt the Earle of Effex, for
fhott, powder, and matches, 5s.
It now becomes neceffary to Show the number of arms this preparation was for,
and the ftate they were in.
1598. Paide unto Goodman Home, for making of the place for the armor, 20s.
1603. Paid to Lieutenaunt Awften, for half a year's contrabucion for our
feaven armors.
1607. Paid unto Peter Brownrigge, armorer, for makinge cleean of the armes
of the church, and repayreihge the wants of the fame, 41s.
The impatient Earl feems to have acted without much forefight, in relying upon
the affiftance of the populace, when endeavouring to raife followers. This parifh
remote from the fcene of action having been in a ftate of alarm againft him, and
bufy with their church militant arms, Shot, powder, and matches, argues that he
had little reafon.
Vol. IIL Dd Church

206 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.

Church Rents.

1598. Paid unto Mr. Durdent, for makinge and engroffinge of the leafe of the
church, 12 s. 8d.
1608. Paid for the rent of the church unto Sir William Fortefcue, knight,
for one halfe year, ended at or Lay-d laft paft, fix pence.
1630. Paid to Sir William ForteSkew, k% for 1 qters rent, for our p'ifh.
church of St. James Clerkenwell, 5I.
It feems probable that Sir William Fortefcue generoufly gave the pariSh the
preceding half-year's rent, and merely received the 6d. as an acknowledgment
from the churchwardens.
1604. Payde for a newe fyn booke of comone prayer of the largeft paper,
imboffed, 7s. 6d.
1606. Pd unto Moffe and Browne, for killinge of dogges, is.
1 621. The Right Revd Father in God ye Lord BiShop of London did difallow
of two commiflions for veftries formerly graunted. The one, for that Dr. Edwards
was deade, who, with the confent of the biShop then beinge, did approve of it.
They then applied for a new commiffion, to enable the minifter and church
wardens, with Sixteen inhabitants, as a veftry, to make regulations, &c. We
are not informed of the iffue.
1623. The parishioners were affeffed i8d. in the pound for the rebuilding of
the fteeple, &c. &c. ; which had fallen down, and greatly damaged the churchy ,
Lead fold high in the year 1624, and they refolved to difpofe of all that
belonged to the tower. The money was ufed for taking down the Shattered ruins
that remained, and for removing the rubbiSh in the church.
Part of the materials for rebuilding the fteeple were valued thus, in 1629 :
"19 lodes and 6 foote of timber, at 30s. per load; 20 ton of Oxfordshire
ftone, aol.
This bufinefs coft 800 1.
According to Stowe's continuators, it was fo badly put together that it fell a
fecond time. This circumftance is not noticed in the books.
1633. Leave was given to the Earl of Newcaftle to erect a gallery in the
church for his family. l63_-

CLERKENNWELL, ST. JAMES. 207
1635. The church plate was fold, and "2 payre of double gilt chalices and
covers, of a broad fafhion, to lay bread on," 'bought.
1638. 'A fence, or pale," was ordered to be erected, to extend from
the North fide of the chancel to the pale over againft it, for a burial place.
1654. " Mr. Edward Sparke, D. D." officiated in the church during a vacancy
in the curacy ; and, on the 22d of May, Sir George Strode, and fix others,
were chofen to treat with him on account of his preaching. He undertook all
the duty without any fpecified allowance.
In September following, Tingle, the churchwarden, was ordered by the veftry
to take poffeffion of the church, and keep out every clergyman who attempted to
enter, till a choice by election was made. I do not find that this prohibition
was extended to Sparke, but it ferves to Shew with what vehemence the conteft
was carried on.
1655, 13 Dec. James Sibbald, D. D. was chofen.
1660. Sparke feems to have ftill held his ground, for an agreement, not
altogether unlike a partnership, took place between them, by which it was fettled
each party Should have what he thought right.
The reftoration of monarchy brought with it a fpirit of refiftance in Dr. Sibbald
to the republican forms of proceeding by election for the curacy. Accordingly,
he claimed to be confidered as vicar of Clerkenwell, and have his appointment
from the king by prefentation. This intention was fo totally difapproved of by
the parifhioners, that they talked of revoking his election, and ordered the furplice
to be fecured in the veftry, the pulpit and reading defk to be locked, and even to
call for the aid of the civil power, if neceffary, to oppofe his entrance. He pro
bably thought proper to make fome conceflions, which fecured him till October
1662; when, whatever were his profeffions, fhey proved infincere, for he ftill
ftiled himfelf vicar.
This roufed their indignation to fuch a height, that it only arofe from his long
refidence in the^ parish, being 30 years, that they forgave him, on making a
recantation publicly in the church, and before the BiShop of London. He con
tinued till 1666 their curate.
An old newfpaper relates a tranfaction during the troubles of thofe times, in
which Sibbald was involved in much perfonal danger. A party of foldiers attacked
the houfe of Lady Bullock, on Clerkenwell Green, robbed it of 50 pieces of gold,
and tore five rich rings from her ladyfhip's fingers. The Doctor refided near her,
Dd a and

208 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
and being alarmed, rofe, and gently remonstrated with them from his window.
They fired at him three times, but fortunately miffed him. A fervant of Lady
Bullock's was wounded. This affair happened March 22, 1644.
The burial-ground on Clerkenwell Green, South-eaft of the church, was pur
chafed in the year 1673, of the Earl of Northampton ; and the inhabitants were
affeffed iool. either in part payment or as the whole, which is not mentioned.
The next year his LordShip prefented them with a fpring, during pleafure, for the
ufe of the poor. The overfeers, &c. immediately leafed it to John Crofs, brewer,
for 21 years, at 40 s. per annum. Nothing is now known of the fite of this gift.
1677. Sir Henry Dawes gave the parifh a piece of ground, held by him on
leafe, from Baliol college, Oxford, at a pepper-corn rent.
1 69 1. Jofias Berners, efq. was patron in truft for the parifh ; who, by defire
of the pariSh, prefented Dewel Peed. This gentleman engaged to refign the
curacy at a month's notice, on pain of forfeiting a fum of money.
17 1 2. Edmund Howard gave the parifh iool. towards erecting a charity-
fchool. At a veftry, held Nov. 13, 1715, it was moved a monument fhould be erected
to Bifhop Burnet, in confideration of 20 guineas paid to the poor. Granted.
1718. The parifh petitioned for rebuilding the church.
1719. The church was robbed of the communion linen, the furplices, and
pall. 1720. A gallery was built, purfuant to the will of Thomas Crofs, efq. for the
charity children.
1725. The repairs of the church coft upwards of 500I.
1735. A painting of the Bleffed Virgin and Chrift was placed over the altar;
but it occasioned fo much difcontent, the churchwardens were compelled to take
it down. There is a print of this picture in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1735*
1775. Poor rates 3s. in the pound, rack rent.
I have made it a rule in this purfuit not to approach too near the prefent day
in my refearches. By fo doing, I devoutly hope I may keep clear of all offence.
Occurrences of 70 or 80 years, paft may furely be fuppofed to be divefted of all
perfonal feelings : with thofe of late date it may be otherwife ; and therefore
further I do not with to proceed. Let this then ferve as an anfwer to thofe who
object to my omitting all modern tranfactions. I have endeavoured to be equally
guarded in my extracts. May each parifh pronounce I have not offended ! The

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 209
The church of St. James, being very old, and much out of repair, petitions
were prefented to Parliament for permiffion to rebuild it. In confequence, a bill
was brought in by Mr. Jervoife, Dec. 7, 1788, and paffed, for that purpofe. This
act authorifed truftees to raife money on bonds, and by the fale of annuities, and
to make a rate for the payment of the intereft.
The final demolition of this antient Structure was thus decreed ; and, accord
ingly, they proceeded to the work. Mr. Pennant, in his London, has given a
view of it when half deftroyed. A cat was found in one of the walls, inclofed in
a little fquare cavity, probably entombed alive: if fo, to the endlefs difgrace of
the workmen, whom we find, by this inftance, to have been equally inhuman
with fome of the populace of our day, in torturing unresisting animals ; which
of all cowardice is moft deteftabie. They certainly little fuppofed poor Grimalkin
would have been preferved 600 years, and afterwards inclofed in a glafs cafe as a
curiofity (as She now is) at the Crown tavern, near the church. Without doubt
the oldeft cat mummy extant in Europe.
Mr. Rhodes has obligingly favoured me with the following infcriptions, copied
by him, previous to their removal from the antient church. Thofe antecedent
to 1700 I fhall not give at length, for the reafon mentioned in the parifh of"
St. Alphage.
Lady Berkeley, 1585. This lady was found in a perfect State, dreffed in the
faShion of the times, with brown gloves on her hands ;*but immediately clofed
up. Francis Whit, 1566. Elizabeth TreSham, 1640. Thomas Wayte, 1642.
Charles Sibbald, 1645. Jacobus Sibbald. Anna Bedingfield, cioioclxiiii.
Anne Boothe, 1667. William Booth, fon of George Lord Delamere, 1661.
Countefs Dowager of Exeter, 1653. Sir John Thowrogood, knt. 1656. William
Thowrogood, 1691. George Strode, 1663. John Nelthorpe, 1669. Roger
Wood, 1609. Eliz Bullock, 1644. Francis Sclater, 1685.
The particulars which follow were copied from plates found in digging the
foundations. The Hon. Mrs. Grace Naylor, wife to George Naylor, efq. died April the 18,
1 7 10, aged 24.
Harry Sidney, efq. fon to Robert Vifcount Lifle only fon to the Right Hon.
Philip Earl of Leicefter, departed this life ye 9th May, in yc year of our Lord
1692, in ye 15 month and yc 20th day of his age. Mrs.

210 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
Mrs. Dorothy Sidney, 4th daughter to Rob' Vifcount Lifle, only fonne to the
R' Hon. Philip Earle of Leicefter, depd this mortal life the 25 day of April, in the
yeare of our Lord 1689, 10th day of her age.
On the South wall of the nave : " Near this place, under a black marble, lies
interred the body of George Riley, late of St. James's, Weftminfter, fon of John
and Ann Riley, of the fame parifh, who are alfo buried near him. He was ex
emplary in a virtuous and fober life, and a moft affectionate and tender hufband.
To whofe much-efteemed memory Margaret, his difconfolate widow, erected
this monument. He departed this life 5 Nov. 17 — , aged 51 years.
" Alfo the body of Mrs. Margaret Riley, Sep. 25, 1755, aged 66 years. And
Mrs. Elizabeth Caflon (niece of the above George Riley), 28th Nov. aged
60 years."
Same fide : " Here lieth interred the body of Walter Baynes, of the Middle
Temple, gent. (2d fon of Richard Baynes, of Laingley, county of York, gent.);
who departed this life the 8 day of March, 1745, aged 91 years. To whofe ever
valuable memory this monument is erected, by his only fon, Walter Baynes, of
the Middle Temple, efq.
Thrice happy man ! whom, when his years decline
(His fortune and his fame by worthy means
Attain'd), and equal to his moderate mind.
His life approv'd by all the wife and good.
The Heavens receive to reft.
And Mrs. Elizabeth Baynes, widow of the faid Walter Baynes, died the 9 of
Aug. 1759, aged 75. She was one of the beft of wives, a good mother, and a
good woman, and a Sincere Christian."
On the North wall, under the tower, " Near this place lies interred ye body
of Mrs. Elizabeth Myddleton, eldeft daughter of Sir Hugh M. k' and bar' of
Nottingham, who departed this life Jan, 6th, 1725, in the 43d year of her age."
" Francis Naylor, 1700."
Another, "To the memory of Caleb Newton, gent, the eldeft fon of James
Newton, gent, late of this parish, who died the 7th of Sepr, 1722, set. 53.
" Whofe mortal body near this place doth lye,
Till Chrift his Saviour Shall it glorifie.
" Alfo Ann Newton, his wife, who died the ift of February, 1726, se. 6^." In

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 211
In the South-eaft angle of the altar,
" Hie hie fifte precor gradum viator,
Et fundas tumulo fufpirium breve,
En parva jacet hac in urna dives,
Maturum decus, filia nobilis,
Dolenda ingenio potens recumbit.
Quacum et omnis Amor et Veneres jacent.
Bufto frigidulae, decenfque virtus.
Quid firmum Statues, quid terrenum putes
Manfurum inviolabile, viator,
Expers cum dubia lege neceflitas
Hanc Regum cineri domum paravit.
Eheu hoc thalamo marmoris exulent
Sales innocui, Lufus, Gratiseque,
Plane lugent inquieti juvenes,
Hanc lugent puellulae.
" This monument was erected in memory of Mrs. Anne Margetfon, interred
near this place, by her father-in-law, colonel George Carpenter."
" In hopes of a bleffed refurrection, near this place lieth interred the body of
Mrs. Elizh Staples, of this parish, late wife of Mr. Robert Staples, cita and
ftationer of London, and daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Mathew ,Bryan, who
departed this life May yc 19th, 1729, aged 42 years. O remember that my life
was wind. Mine eye Shall no more fee good. The eye of him that hath feen,
and fhall fee me no more. Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. Though he
flay me, yet will I truft in him."
" Prope jacet pia filia, uxor optima, infaufta mater, Elizabetha Partridge,-
proles unica Thorns Holder de Northwold in com. Norfolc. armigeri, et
Bridgettas uxoris ejus. Nupta (fuo et parentuni gaudio) Henrico Partridge e
Medio Templo armigero, copula fcelici quidem et fragili ! primam nempe
infantulam enixa doloribus et febre correpta,
Obiit die 17 Januarii, A.D. 1702. aetat. 17.
Eheu mariti et parentum lacrymae et defiderium."
" Here lye the remains of Mafter Thomas Keeling, the youngeft fon of Jofeph
Keeling, efq. and Alice his wife, of this parilh, who deceafed the 9th day of
March, 1773, aged 5 years. " If

2t2 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
" If filial fondnefs, or parental love,
Could e'er the certain ftroke of Death remove,
This relic had not early moulder'd here,
Nor claim'd his parents' never-ceafing tear.
Like a fair rofe, that budded on the fpray,
And feem'd fo fair, Death would no longer flay,
But violently fnatch'd him hence away."
One of the bells defcended from the nunnery, and had on it an invocation to
St. Nicholas. The infcription was engraved, and inferted in the Gentleman's
Magazine for June 1788, together with a print of the tomb of Sir William Wefton,
the laft prior of St. John of Jerufalem. See the annexed plate. His Skeleton was
found, and was not unlike the reprefentation on his tomb.
I am happy in prefenting the reader with the engraving of a prelate, over
whofe body was infcribed,
" Contegit hoc marmor Doctdrem nomine Bellum *,
Qui bene tarn rexit praefulis officium ;
, Moribus, ingenio, vitae pietate vigebat
Laudatis cunctis, cultus et eloquio.
A.D. 1556, die Aug. 11."
The old materials of the church fold for about 800I.
The ground was firft prepared for the new church Aug. 25, 1788.
TJn the 7th of September, the body of BiShop Burnet, inclofed in a leaden
coffin (the outfide wooden one being decayed), were found. The lead was broken
at the head, through which the fcull and fome hair was vifible. The infcription
much corroded. The coffin of his grandaughtet, Mrs. Mary Mitchell, lay on
the Bifhop's. On the South fide of him lay the body of his fon Thomas. A
plate, infcribed, " The Hon. Sir Thomas Burnet, k', one of the juftices of his
Majefties Court of Common Pleas, died 17 May, 1753, in the 59 year ofhis age."
On the coffin of Sir Thomas lay that of James Mitchell, who died Dec. n, 1779,
aged 6$. Between the BiShop and Judge lay his great grandfon, Gilbert Burnet,
fon of  Burnet, furgeon and apothecary, Chigwell, Effex, buried in 1769.
Two leaden coffins lay near the above, but without infcriptions.
* Dr. John Bell. He had been prebendary of St, Paul's, archdeacon of Gloucefter, and in 1 $39
bifliop of Worcefter, which in 1J43 he refigned. It

/t.js/2. . ygyja

(<A£W<fe<i€ 9e/ ''//i'/

&2rff^/£to^

CL15RKENWELL, ST. JAMES. n y
It was neceffary to difturb thefe remains, as the new -walls are four feet
Shorter than the old. They are now within the church, placed as follows :
On the South the- Judge and Mr. Mitchell ; the leaden coffin which lay on the
North fide of the Bifhop; the Bifhop on it; on the. Bifhop's Mrs. Mitchell;
between the Burnets the child Gilbert.
The firft ftone contained a glafs vafe, in which was a guinea, two Shillings, a
Sixpence, and one penny, all coined in 1787 ; and two brafs plates, covered with
wax. The infcription was originally written in Latin, of which a copy follows;'
that on the plates is in Englifh.
" Gloria Deo in excelfis, in terra pax, in homines benevolentia. Sacerdos,
Cimeliarchae, et Fidei Commiffarii lege Parliamentaria conftituti ad aedificandam
novam ecclefiam in parochia Sancti Jacobi, vulgo dicta Clerkenwell, cujus
noirjina hie fubjiciuntur, pofuere primum lapidem fupradictse ecclefiag,. 
die Decembris, A.D. 1788, Reverendo Gulielmo Sellon, facerdote ; and the
names of churchwardens, &c. he. and thofe of the commiffioners, Jacobo Carr
architecto, et fupravifore, Commiffariis.
" Haec ^Edes partim fita eft in loco quo ftetit nupera ecclefia St! Jacobi apud
Clerkenwell, quae olim conftituit partem prioratus nominati Ecclefia beatae Marias
de fonte clericorum, Virginibus profeffis ordinis Sd Benedicti, fundatae A.D. 1 100,
per 14 jugera agri donati a Jordano Briffet Roberto capellano fuo, in quern
sedificaret aedes Deo facras. Prioratus antiquus fuppreffus eft vigefimo fexto
Henrici VIII. et per varios dominos tranfmiffus ecclefiae tandem coemptione reftitit,
Videlicet, 2do Junii 1656, in Fidei Commiffariis ad ufum habitantium fupradictam
parochiam." The church was confecrated on the 10th of July, 1792, by Beilby Lord BiShop
of London,
Large and excellent vaults extend under it, where feveral of the monuments are
preferved, together with that of BiShop Burnet. I am told no perfon is to be
placed there, unlefs in a ftone or leaden coffin.
The infide of this building is rather plain, without pillars, a flat cieling, gal
leries for the congregation, and others at a great height at the Weft end, which
is circular, for the charity children.
Tfie altar-piece is under a large blank Venetian window, of the Doric order,
with pediments, and decorated with gilded reprefentations of altar utenfils, &c.
Vol. IIL E e fufpetlded

214 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
fufpended by ribbands. The Commandments, Creed, and Lord's Prayer, are
directly over the mahogany inlaid table.
The organ is large and handfome, and was made by England, 1792.
The font Stands in the South-eaft corner of the church ; and on the wall, very
near it, is the old tomb of
"Sir Willam Wood, (who) lyes very neare this Stone."
" In's time in archery excelled by none — 169,1.
This monument was reftored by the Toxopholite Society of London, 1791-"
On the Eaftern wall is a neat tablet to the laft curate.
" Near this place lie the remains (being the firft depofited in the" vault underneath
this church) of the Rev. William Sellon; who, with indefatigable induftry, and
the pureft religious zeal, having devoted 33 years of his life to the refpective duties
of curate and minifter of this pariSh, died July 18, 1790, aged 60 years. As a
Preacher, he gave to divine truth all the force of human eloquence. As a Man,
he gave to the precepts of Christianity all the force of human example."
In the veftibule of the South fide, and Weft end, is a large variegated marble
monument, of the Corinthian order, with bufts, &c. and on it,
" Underneath lyeth interred in a vault the body of Thomas Croffe, late of this
parish, efq. one of her late Majefties juftices of the peace for the county of Mid
dlefex, who died the 15 June, 17 12. He was one of the fons of John Croffe, of
the fame parifh^ efq. and married Dorothy, the eldeft daughter of James Willy-
mott, late of Kelfhall, in the county of Hertford, efq. Who in his life time was
juftice of the quorum, and alfo deputy lieutenant of the faid county of Hertford.
He, the faid Thomas Croffe, was a great benefactor to this parifh, and charity
fchool thereunto belonging, having, by his laft will, and teftamentary fchedule
thereunto annexed, bequeathed feveral confiderable legacys to the fame ; aged 49."
Over the door, in the fame place, is another monument, preferved from the old
church. " Juxta jacet quod reliquium eft Henrici Penton, Armigeri, Hofpitii Lincol-
nienfis nu-per Affefforis. Vir erat vita integerrima, moribus probis, in omnibus
jurifperitiae munijs obeundis fumma fide, indefefsa diligentia, rei alienae non appe-
tens, atque adeo fua non profufus, ut opes fua folum induftria abunde congeftas
haeredi fuo moriens reliquerit. Ob. Feb. 6, anno aerae Xtianse 17 14, set. 7 5."

THE

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 2J5

THE REGISTERS.

Marriages.
1 5 9 8—9 , Jan. 28. Wolftan Dixie, gent, and Ffrances Throgmorton.
1604, July 20. Sir Thomas.Grifnn, knt. and Dance Elizabeth Stowelde.
1604, Sept. 11. Sir John Hubbard, knt. and Mrs. Barbara Hoord.
1604-5, March 17. Sir Thomas Fowler, knt. and Dame Marie Spencer.
1607, June 25. Sir Thomas Palmer and Mrs. Martha Wingate.
1607-8, Jan. 9. Sir Edward Fofter and Marie Challoner.
1610, June 11. Sir George Trencher and Mrs. Penellopy Durfey.
16 17, Aug. 28. Sir Thomas Burton and Anne Havers.
1619, Aug. 19. Sir Pawle Tracey and Mks. Anne Dutton.
1620. John Gorges, efq. eldeft fon to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and the Ladye
Frances Fynes, daughter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Lincoln, were marryed
together 31ft July.
1622, July 4. Sir Henry Barlan, knt. and Mrs. Eliz. Mimer.
1624, June 21. Sir Stephen Butler and Mrs. Mary Banflye.
1657-8, March 11. Sir George Windham, knt. and Mrs. Frances Percevall,
were published in our church.
1659, Dec. 15. Robert Stanton, efq. and Mrs. Eliz. Bancroft.
Robert Lord Lexington and Lady Mary St. Leger were married together
Feb 24, 1 660-1. 1
Sir Richard Franklyn, knt. and bart. of Moore parke, in the county of Hert
ford, and Lady Hellinor Tryon, of Halfteed, in Effex, were married together by
licence April 30, 1661.
John Fenwicke, efq. the fonne of Sir William Fenwicke, knt. and the Lady
Mary Howard, daughter to the Earle of Carlifle, were married together in the
Earl of Elgin's chapel, July 14, 1663. *
John Jacob, efq. and Mrs. Catharine Allington, were married together May 26,
1664, by Dr. Henchman, Lord BiShop of London.
William Brownloe, efq. and Eliz. De la Fontaine, married July 28, 1664.
E e 2 Baptisms.

CLERKENWELL, ST- JAMES,

Baptisms.

1585-6, Jan. 19. Honora, daughter to Sir Thomas Mild may.
1590, July 14. Hugh, fon of Sir John Poincts.
 Sept. 1. Chriftopher, fon of the Earle of Worcefter.
1605- John, fonne to Sir John Drury, knt. wasX'pned 4 Julie; and 13, John,
fon of John Hubbard, knt.
1609, 28 Nov. Kathrin, daughter of Sir Thomas Challoner.
161 1- 2, March 16. Mary, daughter to Sir Thomas Woodhoufe.
1612-3, Jan. 8. Edward, fonne to Sir Thomas Brundenell, knt.
1-613, April 24. Frederick, fonn to Sir Thomas Chaloner, knt.
1 615, Dec. 26. Francis, daughter to Sir Francis Anderfon, knt.
1615-6, March 7. George, fon to Sir Thomas Holte, bart.
1616, Sept. 23. William, fon to Sir John Hunt, knt.
1617, Nov. 14. Marie, daughter to Sir Francis Coningfby, knt.
1 619, April 6. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Francis ConingSby, knt.
 July 24. Mary, daughter to Sir John Andrewes, knt.
 Nov. 13. Theodoxia, daughter to Sir William Saunders, knt.
1622, Aug. 20. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Francis Legg.
1630, Sept. 21. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Francis Wyat.
1632, March 19. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Thomas Cheeke.
This gentleman was eldeft fon and heir of Sir Thomas Cheke ; whofe fentence,
to either change his religion or be burned, was a dreadful alternative. His love
of life prevented his name from appearing in Fox's Book of Martyrs, though
he may be faid to have died one through fear and Shame. Such were the
bleffings of Queen Mary's reign. Sir Thomas, the fon, received the honour of
knighthood from James I ; refided near Rornford, Effex ; and died 1659.
1634, Dec. 23. Charles, fonne to Thomas OSborne, efq.
1635, Aug. 3. Francis, -fonne to Miles Holwobd, was chriftned at the SpaniSh
embaffador's. ,
 Sept. 26. Henrie, fonne to captayne Richard Morrifon.
1635-6, Jan. 6. Grifell, daughter to Thomas Brinley, efq.
1638, Sept. 23. Edward, fon to Sir Edward Heyton, knt. and bart, 1643-4,

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 2l<7
1643-4, Feb. 18. Katharine, daughter to Sir Dudley North et damp Ann.
1645. Henrietta, daughter to Sir Henry Cholmleye, the laft of May.-
1646, Dec'i. Edward, fonne to Robert Lord Bruce and the Lady Diana.
1650, April 11. Mary, daughter to Henry Middleton, efq.
1651, May 13. Thomas, fonne to, Thomas. Morton, efq.
Robert Smyth, fonne of Robert Smith, efq. and Dorothy Countefs of Sunder
land, his»wife, was bom Dec. 24, 1653, and christened Jan. 4, 1653-4.
1 654, Nov. 9. -Mary, the daughter of George Berkeley, efq. and Eliz. his wife; "
the Son and lieire to the Right Hon. the Lord Berkeley.
Diana Corbett, daughter to Sir Vincent Corbett and dame Sara his wife, was
born Sept. 2, baptjfed the 12th, 1655.
1657. Dorothy, daughter of M — Braunfton, efq. of Little Baddowe, in the
county of Effex, borne of Alice his wife, July 21, baptifed Aug. 3.
1657. Mrs. Mary Bruce, daughter to Robert Lord Bruce and the Lady Diana,
was borne Dec. 31. v
1658, Sept. 14. Alice, the daughter of Jofeph Ayloffe, efq. and Frances his
wife. 1659-0, Jan. 12. Edward, the fon of William Livefay, efq.
— ;  Feb. 22. George, the fon of Price Deverex, efq.
1660, April 5. Thomas, the fon of Thomas Coventry, efq.
1660-1, Jan. 28. Charles, the fon of Robert Lord Bruce, and the Lady Diana.
— — — March 2. Henry Savile, the fon of Sir George Savile, knt. and bart.
and the Lady Dorothy.
1 66 1, July 15. Charles, the fon of Sir Maurice- Berkley, knu and bart. and
the Lady Anne.
166 1, Sept. 5. Thomas, fon of Thomas Coventry, efq.
 Nov. 8. Mary, the daughter of William Livefay, efq.
1661-2, Jan. 2. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Herlackenden, efq. of
Woodhoufe, Kent.
1662, June 19, Henry, the fon of Robert Lord Bruce.
 Lady Katharine Howard, the daughter of the Right* Hon. Charles How
ard, Earle of Carlifle, and danie Ann, his wife, born July 29, baptifed Aug. 6.
1662-3, Jan. 9. Margaret, daughter of William Hulton, efq.
.. ¦ William, fon of Thomas Coventry, efq. born Jan. 19, and baptifed
Feb. 5. 1662-3,

218 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
1662-3, March 19. Mary, the daughter of Sir John Keeling, and the Lady
Mary. 1663, June 1. James, third fon of the Right Hon. George Lord Berkeley.
 July 23. John, the fon of Sir Edward Cropley, knt.
1663-4, Feb. 15. Ann Charlotte Bruce, the daughter of the Right Hon.
Robert Lord Bruce, Earl of Elgin, and the Right Hon. the Lady Diana, Countefs
of Elgin. 1664, Nov. 15. Mary, the daughter of Sir Richard Wifeman, knt. _
1664-5, Jan* a4- Henrietta, daughter of the Right Hon. George Lord
Berkeley.  Gilbert, fon of Thomas Coventry, efq. Dec. 29.
1666, May 14. Alice, daughter of Sir John Keeling, knt. Lord Chief Juftice
of England, and dame Mary, his wife.
1685. Katharine Sidney, daughter of the Lord Lifle, and dame Elizabeth, his
lady, born Aug. 21, and baptifed the 30th.
1687-8. Charles Sidney, fon of Robert Lord Lifle and Madam Elizabeth,
Jan. 24.
1 690-1. Harry, fon of the Lord Lifle, baptifed Feb. 4.
Alicia, daughter of Mr. George Smith and Dorothy, was borne July 18, 1691,
and baptifed 30, by the Rev. Father in God Edward Lord BiShop of Gloucefter.
1708-9, Jan. 1. Daniel, fon of Daniel De Foe.
1734, July 12. Elizabeth, daughter of Gilbert and Frances Burnett, (whom
God preferve).
1736, Oct. 22. Gilbert, fon of Gilbert and Frances Burnett.
1739-40, March 17. Frances, daughter of Gilbert and Frances Burnett.
Burials.
Sir Thomas Challinger, knt. died Oct. 14, 1565, and was afterwards buryed in
Paules church, London.
Sir Thomas built the houfe, on Clerkenwell Clofe, in which he refided. The
ground was probably held of the Cavendifh family, who poffeffed the Site of the
nunnery. The vicinity of the ruins fuggefted the lines printed in the Biographia Britan-
nica, which he wrote, and placed on the front of his manfion. They imply that,
though

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 219
though the nuns were fled, and their habitation was deftroyed, yet Faith had ftill
poffeffion, and Hymen claimed the. honour of lighting the Virgin to the altar, to
feal her vows.
He was alfo the author of fome lines infcribed on the dial of the nunnery,
Non aliter peres fpecies quam futilis umbra.
Sic Thomas was a native of London, and a man of great worth and eminence.
His works are highly creditable to his genius, aswell as loyalty and friendships.
They were partly admonitory and instructive. Perhaps we at this day are not fo
well inclined to admit "The Praife of Henry VIII. the moft worthy King of Eng
land, "-the title of one of his poems. He married Ethelreda, daughter of Edward
Frodfham, of the county of Chefter, efq. Lord Burleigh honoured him with his
moft particular friendship. Sir Thomas Challoner, his fon (fee Baptifms, p. 216),
was a man of no lefs celebrity, and had a talent for poetry. The education he
received, through the patronage of his father's friend, Burleigh, was improved and
matured by his connexion with moft of the men of genius then living on the conti
nent, where he refided feveral years. Natural philofophy was a favourite purfuit
with him ; and he, as Franklin has fince done, proved theory by experiment. To
Challoner the nation was indebted for the difcovery of alum in England. He did
not enjoy the fruit of his toil ; for the mines were wrefled from him. He enjoyed
the favour of James the Firft, and died in 16 15.
1566-7, Jan. 20. Francis, fonne of Sir John White.
1572, June 6. Sir Thomas Benger, knt.
1577-8, Jan. 14. Conftance Bennet, gent, and a good benefactor to this
parifhe, was buried in the chancell.
.1581, July 30. Richard. Brooke, fecr to Mr. Secretarie Walfingham, beinge
flaine in the fielde.
1585-6, Jan. 20. Eleanor, daughter Sir Thomas Mildmay.
 Feb. 18. Mr. Palmer, efq.
1591, Sept. 20. Mary, daughter of Edward Lord Sturton. Chancel.
1591-2, Feb. 18. Robert, fonne of Sir Thomas Coninfbie, knt. In the
church. 1597.1 JU1Y (8. Henry Mildmay, efq. Chancel.
1593, June 11. Anthony Winckfield, efq. Chancel.
1593-4, Feb. 7. Humphrey Gerckford, efq.
1599, Nov. 23. Frances, daughter to the Ladie Clifford. Chancel. 1602,

220 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
1602, April 24. Ralph Waller, efq. Chancel.
1603, Aug. 17. John Chefter, efq. Church.
1607, Aug. 14. Mary, daughter to Sir Robert Markham,
 Nov. 21. Pollina, Ladie to Sir Maximilian Dullifon. Chancel.
1610, April 24. Dame Elizabeth, wife to Sir William Henfe. Chancel.
 O6V15. Sir Henry Sackford, knt.
161 1, Aug. 19. Mrs. Frances, daughter to Sir Philip Woodhoufe, knt.
161 2, June 15. John, fonne to Sir Thomas Woodhoufe, knt.
1613, May 2. Ffrancis, fonn to Sir Henry Mynn, knt.
1 6 14, Aug. 27. Griflell, daughter to Sir Thomas Woodhoufe, knt.
1615-6, March 5. Francis, fon to Sir John Butler, knt.
1616, Sept. 5. Nicholas Rowe, efq.
 Sept. 11. John Scott, efq.
 Oct. 10. Dame Elizabeth, widow to Sir Henry Wefton, Knight Ban
neret to Henry VIII.
16 17, April 11. Jane Burtley, daughter to the Lady Minn, wife to Sir
Henry. 1 617, Nov. 14. Mary, daughter to Sir Francis Coningfby.
1619, June 10. Hellen, daughter to Sir John Fythyardett.
 June 16. William, fon to Sir Edward Mountford.
 Oct. 23. Grace, daughter to Henry Goodrick, efq.
1620, May 3. Mr. Edward Dalli fon, eldeft fonne of Sir Roger Dallifon.
 May 13. Sir Roger Dallifon, knt. and bart. Chancel.
¦ Sept. 16. The Lady Elizabeth Laffell. Chancel.
1621, July 5. Dame A-nne, wife to Sir John Andrewes. A Still born child of
this lady's was buried a few days before.
 -Aug. 22. Theodofia, daughter to Sir William Sanders*
 Dec. 9. X'pian, daughter to Sir MatheW Cary.
1623, Dec. 20. Mr. Viceffimus, fon to Sir Paul Tracye.
1624, April 27. Humfrey Maddox, yl cut his throte in yc Lord Dudley's
howfe.  Sept. 1 7. Mr. William Laughton, efq.
1625-6, Jan. 5. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Nicholas Row. Chancel.
1625, Jan. 30. Sir John Wood, knt. Church.
1 630-1, March 7. Mary, wife to Sir Harvye Merrye. Chancel. John

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 22i
. John Weever was buried in the year 1632, aged 56. He was author of the Fu
neral Monuments ; and, as his epitaph faid of him, " labour'd in a learned ftrain,
To make men (long Since dead) to live again."
He refided on Clerkenwell Clofe.
Mr. Weever .on himfelf: ." - r
' ' Lancashire. gaVe . me breath,
''' And Cambridge education, :•
Middlefex gave me death, '
And this Church my humation,
; [And, Chrift tome hath given
• , • A place with him in Heav'n *."

1633, July 25. J°hn3 fonne to Sir John, Symonds. 7"
1633, Nov. 9. John, fonne to Sir John Symonds.
1634, April 24. Marie, daughter to Sir Nicholas Jlowe.
1642, June 17. Mr.! Thomas Fofter, efq.
1644-5, Jan. 13. Joan, daughter to Philip Lord Wharton.
1653, June 7. Edward Zouch, efq. flaine in ye field.
1 653-4, March 1. Thomas, the Son of Jofias Berners, efq.'
¦  — March 4. Elizabeth, Countefs Dowager of Exeter -f. ChanceL
 — Mareh 9. Sir Dudley Carleton, knt. South aile, chancel.
1 654-5, Feb. 3. George Long, efq.
1655, May 24. Mrs. Penelope Wifeman, daughter of Sir Richard. ChanceL
1656, April8. John, fon of Wjlliam Livefay, efq. Chancel.
1 656-7., Jan. 31. Sir John Thowrowgood^ knt. was buried in the chancel,
near the Countefs of Exeter.
 March 4. Thomas Turner, gent, wounded by theev'es, of which wounds
he died. Chancel.
1657, June 12. Robert Valence, efq.
 Nov. 23 . The Lady FiSh, wife to Sir Edward FiSh. Chancel.
1658, May 20. Oliver, fon of Oliver Butler, efq.
 July 28. Sir Edwar'd FiSh, knt. and bart. Chancel.
 Aug. 10. George Lord Berkeley, died at his houfe in St. John's,, and
* This induftrious collector's tomb Was fought for in the -church-yard, by order of the. Society of
Antiquaries, while the -church was rebuilding, but without fuccefs.
f ReliQ: of David, third earl, "and daughter of John, Earfof Bridgewater.
Vox. III. Ff was

222 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
was buried the 13, at Cranford, in the county of Middlefex, leaving iffue
George Lord Berkley, his only fon and heire.
1659, Aug. 18. William Mainesford, efq. Chancel.
 Nov. 14. Penelope, wife to Charles Farwell, efq. Chancel.
1659-60, Jan. 25. Nicholas Burnell, efq. Chancel.
1660, June 13. Robert Kempe, efq. Chaflcel.
1 660- 1, Jan. 10. George Savile, efq, fon and heire to Sir George Savile, bart.
Chancel. 1 66 1, July 7. George Rowe, gent, fon of Sir Nicholas Rowe, knt. Chancel.
1661, Oct. 16. Colonell Robert Wood, Sir Robert "Wood his nephew.
1661-2, Jan. 22. William Boothe, fon and heire of George Lord Delamer,
Baron of Dunham-maffey. Chancel.
 March 22. Dame Mary Munnox, the wife of Sir Humphry Munnox,
buried in the chancel], neare the pryor's monument.
1662, June 5. Winifride, daughter to Sir John Coppleftone. Chancel.
16621-3, March 23. Frederick Bentley, efq. Chancel.
1663, June 2. Sir George Strode, knt. that worthy benefactour to church and
jpoore. Chancel.
1663, July 35. Henry Sedley, efq. fon to Sir John Sedley, in Kent. ChanceL
1663-4, Feb. 24. John, fon to Sir John Coppleftone. Chancel.
1665, March 29. Richard Powell, efq.
1677, July 31. Sir Richard Chevertone's lady. Chancel.
1678, March 3. The Duchefs of Newcastle's page.
1678-9, Jan. 7. Richard Powell, efq. Chancel.
1680, Sept. 14. Sir (Juftinian) Levin. Chancel. From Caftle-yard, Holbournp,
1683-4, Jan. 12. Philip, fon of Philip Wharton, efq.
 March 19. Mary, daughter of Arthur Crew, efq.
1692-3, March 18. The wife of Dr. Goodall, from his houfe in Charter
Houfe-yard. 1693, Nov. 12. Anne, daughter of the Hon. Major Margetfon, of Ireland.
J694, June 15. Winifred the Lady Coventry *. Chancel.
 ¦ July 12. Sir Richard Fahfhaw, knt. -f-
 July 3 1 . Robert Burnett.
1697, April 18. The fon of Dewel Peed, minifter.
1698, Nov. 26. Henry Melthrop, efq. from the Charter Houfe.
* Wife of Thomas, firft earl.
(- Buried at Ware, where he had a manfion-houfe. See his epitaph, Salmon's Hiftory, p. 248.
1700,

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 223
1700, April 29. Edmund, fon of Edmund Harrifon, knt.
1703-4, Jan. 28. Sir Goddard Nelthrop, bart. Chancel.
171 1, Sept. 27. Robert Fairbeard, efq.
1710s July 1. Thomas Croffe, efq.
 Oct. 17. Jofeph Hobfon, efq.
1 7 13, Nov. 19. John CroSfe, efq.
1714, Aug. 23. Henry Bigland, efq.
 Thomas Br itton, a native of Higham Ferrers, in Northamptonshire,
was buried in the church-yard. He had, although only a retailer of fmallcoal, a
moft extraordinary talent for mufick, and a turn for chemistry. He held a con
cert at his own expence, in a houfe where he fold coals, next to St. John's Gate,
which was frequented, through every inconvenience, by ladies and gentlemen of
the firft faShion. There is a good portrait of him at the BritiSh Mufeum, in
the South-eaft room of the firft floor. He is reprefented as a good-looking fedate
elderly man.
1714-5, Feb. 11. Henry Penton, efq. Lincoln's Inn.
 Gilbert Burnet, Lord BiShop of Sarum, buried in the chancel
March 22.
The conduct of this prelate, as fuch, was highly exemplary. During the
fummer months, each fucceeding year, he went for many weeks on a tour
through a part of his diocefe, till, in three years, he had completed the vifitation
of every church. Preaching and confirming were his daily occupation. To
avoid injuring fuch of the clergy as attended him in thofe progreffes, he paid
for their fubfiftence and lodging. Befides this, he held his triennial vifitation *>
And yet it feems his body could not be carried from St. John's Square, where he
refided, to the grave, though fo fmall a diftance, without infult from a mob,
who threw dirt and Stories at the proceffion. After having (as we have feen)
performed his duty as a bifhop, what further need be added? His other works
are comparatively insignificant. It cannot be denied, that they contain a vaft
fund of information; and, if fome authors have ridiculed and condemned them,
it will be held in everlafting remembrance, that " P.P. clerk of this parifh -J-"
did his duty in the Station wherein he was placed ; and may every future, foet and
historian do as well !
1 72 1-2. Sir Mountague Nellthorpe, knt. and bart. Chancel.
* Birch, and G«nt. Mag. f See Pope's Works,
Ff 2 *723*

224 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
1723,-06!:. 1. Mr. Michell's brother in law carried to the chapel. (Q. an
jufte-?) c
1724, Sept. 10. Richard Nelthorpe, efq. Chancel.- • 1
1725-6, Jan. 18. Betthia, yc wife of Dr. Hare, dean of Worcefter, from.
Amen Corner. Chancel. A •
1725-6, Jan. 20. The Rev. Dewel Peed, minifter.
1 56 1 baptifed 12, - - - - - buried 21
1603 - - - ___ 686
1625 ;- - - - - - - -11 25
1665./- -  482
I have not feen the laft Regifter books, therefore cannot give the numbers
baptifed and buried in 1802, neither can I prefent the reader quite fo perfect a,
lift as I could wiSh of the curates fince 1700.
Dewel Peed, elected 1691, died 1725-6.
Charles Lee, died 1743, fucceeded by
Gibert Burnet.
1746, John Doughty.
William Sellon, 1757 (fee his epitaph, p. 214), on whofe deceafe, 1*790*
Mr. Davis, the prefent Curate, was elected; to whom I return thanks for his
permiffion to confult the Regifters.
In the veftry room of St. James, which is very large, is a very good; antient
figure of St. James, preferved from the old church.' lam told it Stood on the
poor's box. At the Weft end Stands the model of the fteeple, remarkably well
done. The outfide of the church is very plain, being of brick. The South fide has
wings of trifling projection, and in them are large Doric doors, in arches, ap
proached by many Steps, and over each arched windows, quoins at the corners,
with a cornice, dentals, and baluftrade. The cornice is continued, but the
"balustrade is confined to the wings. The body of the church contains four fmall
windows below, and the fame number large above.
The Eaft end is completed with a pediment ; in the tympanum a femicircukr
window, and a Venetian under it. This part is nearly inclofed by houfes, and fo
is the North fide. ,, . ,- ,
The

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES* 225;
The centre of the Weft end,: which fupports the fteeple, is of ftone ; and in it
is a large door, on feven fteps ; over it an arched window, with balustrades, and
niches on each Side. The tower is Tufcan, crowned by baluftrades and vafes.
The lantern is an octagon, from which rifes a fexagon obeliSk, placed on balls.
The bells were recaft at the time the church was rebuilt, and are very mufical,
eight in number.
Some traces of antiquity are Still extant about the Weft end of the church, in
old ruined houfes, formerly the habitations of perfons of distinction. Through the
goodnefs of Mr. Rhodes, I have been favoured with the fight of a roll of parchmenr,
containing the names of the refidents in this parifh, 1619. Sir Julius Csefar, at
MufwellHill ; the Lady Willoughbie, the Lady Ryfdon, the Lady Price, the Lady
Goldfmith, and the Earl of Clanricard, lived on Clerkenwell Clofe ; on the Green,
Sir William Trefham, the Lady Browne, and Sir William Sands ; within St. John's,
the Right Hon. the Lord Burghley, Sir Juftinian Lew'yn, Sir Paul Tracey, Sir
Francis Lovell, Sir Henry Mynnes, Sir Thomas Pelham, Sir Francis ConingSby,
the Lady Hubbard, the Lady Seckford, and Sir John Andrewes ; in St. John's-
lane, Sir James Arthurlong, the Lady Cheteley, Sir Michael Stanhope, Sir An
thony Barker ; in St. John's-ftreet, Sir Edward Clune, the Lord Sturton, and:
John Sotherton, efq. one of the barons of his Majefty's Exchequer.
In the British Mufeum is an old book, an official return of the refidents and
their rents, anno 1677, which appears to be incomplete, but furnishes many
curious particulars.
The Earl of Northampton had lands whieh-let at - - iool. per annum.
«'¦ The Earl of Clarendon, to the amount of - 130
Lady Cropley ¦ - - 80
'-'<¦ Lady Weeks - - 20
Lady Pollard ___._- --40
Earl of AilSbury ___-.-- 30
Alderman Richardfon - - - - - - -28
Sir Thomas Davis -------- 66
"The principal inhabitants at that time, and the feveral tents paid by them,
were, Sir James Edwards, 25I. ; Lady Porey, 18L; Sir William Bowles, knt. and
bart. 241. ; Sir Richard Chiverton, 45I. ; Lady Wright, 40I. ; William Thorow-
good, efq. 20I. ; Sir John North, his own, (12I.) ; George Walfli, efq. his own,
(aol.); William Wharwood, efq. 23].; Sir William Palmer, at ; Lady Dor mer,.

2'JS

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.

mer, 40I. ; the Earl of Ailefbury ; Lord Berckl6y ; Erafmus Smith, efq.; Lieut.-
Col. Powell, 26I. ; William Barker, efq. ; Henry Dacres, efq. iol. ; Sir Edward
Smith, 26I. ; .Efq. .Bruce, 2ol.', Dr.Rodgers, 22I. ; Col. Thompfon^ 20I. &c.
Extracts prom the Parish Will Book.
Conftantine Bennett, July 6, 157.7, gave 4I. at his burial to the poor* and iol.
for repair of the church. Alfo four fermOns, and at every fermon 13s. 4d. to the
poor. lie gave his two houfes in St. John's and Turnmill ftreets (after the death
of his fervant), that they might procure four cart-loads of coals at Chriftmas.
Eliz. Afhe, his fervant, had one houfe, paying 3s. 4d. per annum to the church
wardens. The other houfe-rent to purchafe coals.
William Heron gave by will, dated July 12, 1580, 4I. per annum towards the
reparation of the church, from houfes in the pariSh of St. Sepulchre, for 12 years.
And from that time for ever the 4I. to the poor ; and aol. fer annum from his
wife's deceafe. His executors, by their instruments, dated the 31ft of Auguft,
22 Elizabeth, granted and enfeoffed al the above lands to the Clothworkers
Company. St. James's pariSh receives 14I. per annum in pfurfuance of this bequeft.
Thomas Herbert, citizen and girdler, gave by will, July 24, 1593, to the
mafter and wardens of his company, a little houfe, and three gardens, ihTurnmill-
ftceet, on .condition that they fhould give iad. in bread every Sunday.
John Poole, citizen and brewer, gave by will, July 29, 1636, 52s. .fer annum
for bread on the Sabaoth day, from a meffuage in Two-Brewer-alley.
1658. Francis Edwards, of Bernard's Inn, gave to the poor of St. Andrew's,
Holborn, 20s. 4 and to St. James iol. by 20s. per year, till the idl. was paid.
William Sanderfon, bitt -maker, gave by will, dated May 17, 1659 (in truft),
to the poor of Wendover, Bucks, and St. James, a mefluage, with the fign of a
Bitt, in Turnmill-ftreet.
Sir Robert Wood, of Islington, gave by will, 1663, to the poor iol. to be
paid at his deceafe, and iol. per annum for ever, to the fame, from brick houfes
in Clerkenwell, to be distributed in bread.
John Smith, efq. of Iflington, gave, 1668, 52s. for ever, to be distributed by
the churchwardens, at their difcretion.
Gyles Ruffel, citizen and brewer, Oct. io, 1669, gave 40s. to the poor, and
Iiis lands in Hertfordshire, in truft for his wife, for 99 years, at a pepper-corn rent,

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 227
rent, and then to his truftees, and to the governors of Chrift's, Bridewell, and
St. Thomas's hofpitals, on condition that the governor of Chrift's fhould bring
up nine poor children, natives of the town of Sherborne, the parishes of St. Anne
Blackfriers, and St. James Clerkenwell, three from each place, till they are fixteen
years of age, and then others, for ever, to place them out apprentices ; his
kindred to have the preference. The churchwardens and overfeers to have the
appointments when his truftees deceafed.
William Peerfon gave by will, 1674, 50I. to the churchwardens, that every
year they Should pay 3I. for ever ; that the minifter preach a fermon, on prepara
tion for death, on the morning of Michaelmas- day, and read the prayers : 15s. for
the fermon, 2s. for the prayers, &c. 40 poor perfons attending to have 6d. apiece,
and the remaining 20s. to be fpent on a collation for the parfon, churchwardens,
and overfeers. In default, to go to Chrift's Hofpital, towards maintaining an
organ. George French, haberdafhcr, by will, May 9, 1699, gave 18I. per annum
for ever. From which fum he appoints feveral payments in other parishes. And
to this, for 20 houfe-keepers, 2s. 6d. each. " After the poor are difmiffed, what
money is remaining, if you pleafe, you may fpend ios. in a friendly manner."
Anne Gardner gave, 1703, 20s. for ever to the charity- fchool, and a part of
the rent of two fmall tenements, to ao poor widows.
Francis Loveday gave, by will, iool. to this parifh ; the intereft to be for ever
laid out for bread, and distributed on St. John's-day.
This pariSh contained, in the year 171 o, one church, one chapel, one Prefby-
lerian and two Quaker meetings,, 1500 families, and 9000 people *.
The guardians of die poor received, according to an account prefented to the
Houfe of Commons, from the 7th of George the Third to the 18th, 701 children,
of which number 104 died, 116 were apprenticed, and 456 returned to their
parents. In the petitions to the Commons, about 1724, when violent difputes arofe
coneerningidividing the parish, it is Stated, that there were left to the old parifli
594 houfes under iol. fer annum*
177 from 10 to 20
a- 1 from 20 to 30
26 from to 50
SiT
* Official returns fiat year.
New

528 -CLERKENWELL,: ST. JAMES.
New Parifh, SL John. 7/7 (-<; -.-•.
392 under iol. per annum.
216 to 20

' 1 ;)

03 to 30
40 to 50
.711 818
^529 total number of houfes.

They had increafed in St. James's 1753 to 1400.. , .
At the corner of Jerufalem-paffage, nearly oppofite the church, Stands a charity-
fchool, founded in 1760. The cleanly and orderly children of thefe institutions
reflect .the greateft credit on the founders, contributors, and conductors,
throughout London.
The large and excellent Workhoufe is Situated in Coppice- row. It. prefents a
front of great extent, fymmetry, and cleanlinefs; and is- four Stories in height,
with a pediment and quoins. There are 17 windows in each- floor. The build
ing extends a considerable depth backward. It was enlarged and improved 1790.
When fpeaking of the benevolence of this pariSh in the above inftances, it Should
be remembered that, at the time the minifter thought, fit to tax watches, the
inhabitants of Clerkenwell were particularly injured, as numbers employed in
making thofe ufeful machines refided there. Some worthy perfons thought of that
excellent mode of relief known by the name of Soup Shops, and the diftreffed
manufacturers and their families were fupplied, at a penny a quart, with a com
position of meat and vegetables, rich and nutritious in a great degree beyond any
thing ufually provided by middling tradefmen. Thus, by moderate fubfcrip
tions, effential benefit was beftowed, without injuring the feelings of the, appli
cants. I need not add, the bill was repealed when* minifters became apprifed
of its injurious confequences; and that, unhappily, too much, caufe has Since
existed for making the plan of foup Shops general throughout London.
The Spa Fields, fo called from the neighbouring mineral waters, have long
been a place of refort to thofe who prefer the air of the fields to longer walks
towards the country ; confequently, on Sundays and holidays they are almoft
literally covered with loungers; and, indeed, fine fummer evenings produce an
equal

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 229
equal number on week days. Is it matter of furprife then, that we find them
bounded on all fides by places of entertain ment, both for the mind and for the
body ? To the Weft is Bagnigge Wells, to the North Sadlers Wells, and Isling
ton Spa, to the South the Spa — chapel, I had almoft faid, with the intermediate
fpaces filled by places of drinking beneath a name. And all thofe occur in a
fquare little larger than Lincoln's Inn Fields. But, that it may not be faid that
our indefatigable enemy Satan always triumphs, be it known, that the Rotunda,
which had been erected, at great expence, on the South fide, for an humble
imitation of Ranelagh, after being ufed as fuch for a Short period, was refeued
from his hands, and converted, in 1779, ^nto a chapel, by the well-meaning,
but miftaken, Countefs of Huntingdon, for teaching her adopted Religion of
Methodifm. Now, the paffenger is no longer enticed from the paths of virtue by the founds
of merriment, and the allurements of brifk and lively tunes from within. The
lengthened tones of the organ break upon the enraptured ear, and invite, to v
partake — not of hot rolls and tea, but of wholefome truths and well-meant
instruction. I cannot avoid expreSfing my Sincere approbation of the exquifite
finging I have heard in this chapel ; nor can I avoid fubfcribing to Whitfield's
obfervation, when he ufed tunes made for other purpofes than the Pfalms, that
he had no comprehenfion why the Devil Should poffefs all good mufick.
The Countefs refided in a handfome houfe, next to the Chapel, on the
Eaft fide, which is overgrown with jeffamine or ivey. This is in poffeffion, I
believe, of the fociety. And here She died, at the age of §4, after having been
the foundrefs of fixty-four chapels in various parts of the kingdom. She was,
buried in a fuit of white filk (which She had worn at. the confecration of one in
Goodman's Fields), at Alhby-de-la-Zouch, 45 years after the deceafe of her
huSband ; and the fervice was performed by a Mr. Jones, of the above chapel.
This account of her LadyShip is extracted from the Obituary of the Gentleman's
Magazine, which adds, that She died June 17, 1791.
As a preface to the purpofes of the building, and that it may no longer be mif
taken for its original designation, the fmall fpaces which are'railed, between the
road and the chapel, have been filled with many a ftone facred to the memory of
the departed ; among which, the moft worthy of notice is that of Mr. JoSeph
Jackfon, the celebrated letter-founder, who died in 179a.
Vol. III. ' Gg Back

23Q, CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
Back of the adjoining houfes, to the Eaft, is a very extenfive burial-ground-;-.
and, I am informed, it is rapidly filling with- the corpfes of the parishioners,
whofe payments are thus transferred from the curate of Clerkenwell to the fociety
of Methodifts. And here one obfervation may obviate all furprize at the
apparent decreafe of population to be deduced from my extracts out of the-
Regifters, when we are convinced that of London never was greater. Diffenting
burial-grounds, at fees much Smaller than thofe of the Eftablifhed Church, are to
be found in many parishes ; and this is the caufe. The ceremony of baptifm
is, I am certain,, omitted entirely by great numbers of the lower orders of the
community. I do not mean to irrfinuate that the fees are too high: on the
contrary, I think they are not. A perfon, determined to obtain cuftom, may
receive a halfpenny where others demand a penny, though he may not fuppofe
himfelf indemnified.
The Chapel has before been defcribed as a Rotunda. The windows are fmall;
and a cornice, with dentils, complete the walls, from which rifes a Slated cupola;
not of the fame fpan as the Structure; On. it is a lantern. Vafes are placed, at.
equal distances round the cornice.
The entrance is an odd-circular tower, embattled.
The internal part is exceedingly well ¦ adapted for a church: feveral ranges of
boxes, or feats, fupported by Slender pillars, and embellished with balluftradesj
reach to the fpring of the dome, affording an equal fight and hearing to the
whole congregation.
To the South is their Committee room; and "behind it a pleating garden.
The gardens near Sadler's Wells, belonging to the Islington Spa, or New Tun
bridge Wells, are really very beautiful, particularly at the entrance. Pedeftals'
and vafes are grouped with tafte, under fome extremely picturefque trees, whofe
foliage are feen to much advantage from the neighbouring fields. If the waters
here poffeffed no healing virtues, I am very fore a walk from London, on a Sine
morning, to breakfaft, would reftore a valetudinarian. This place feems to have
been degraded from its original estimation with the publick, although the fprings
are faid to bear a confiderable refemblance to thofe of Tunbridge-. The Gentle*
man's Magazine for 1733 mentions, that in the month of. June, the Princefs
Amelia (aunt to his prefent Majefty) ceafed her vifits to the New Tunbridge
Wells, where her Highnefs. and the Princefs- Caroline, had attended almoft every
morning

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 231
•morning in May, to drink the water, When the prefented the proprietor,
twenty-five guineas, the water-fervers three each, and one to the other at
tendants. Such was the reputation of the place at that time, the vicinity was daily
crowded with equipages of the nobility and others, and the proprietor is faid to
have received 30 1. in a morning.
The fubfcription is at prefent one guinea for the feafon ; and concerts, with
public breakfafts, are occasionally given ; but the gardens are little frequented for
tea parties, though very inviting.
A few paces Northward conducts the paffenger under a portrait of Sir Hugli
Middleton (tolerably painted, the fign of a public houfe), who faces his river,
adorned with tall poplars, graceful willows, Sloping banks, and flowers, belonging to
Sadler's Wells,
From one Side you may bring his venerable features to reflect on the glaffy
furface, and groupe. them with thofe of the anxious, yet patient boy, who fiShes
for minnows ; on the other, the drooping boughs may be obferved to meet their
fhadows, nearlytouching their extremities, capricioufly feparating every moment,
as the paSTing current feizes the fubftance, till the elaftic branch recovers itfeif
again. Though there is nothing in the exterior of the theatre at Sadler's Wells worth
defcribing, further than it is a Strong brick building, fronted by a handfome
.houfe, its vicinity to the New River, and the number of trees furrounding it,
give the place a decided fuperiority over every other theatre near London.
Without doubt the fprings, afterwards known by the appellation of Sadler's
Wells, were thofe of the priory of St. John of Jerufalem, mentioned vol. I. p. 434.
An anonymous author has afferted, that the priefts of St. John were accuftomed
to attend at them, and ferve the water to perfons afflicted with various diforders ;
at the fame time addreffing certain prayers to Heaven for their efficacy. Although
no reafon can be affigned why fuch ceremonies Should not have been ufed at thefe
fprings, it is probable they have been miftaken by him for the real Holywell.
However, his affertion that they were entirely concealed from the publick, by
order of government, after the Reformation, to prevent fuperftitious perfons from
fcequeuting them, feems to be corroborated by Mr. Sadler's accidental difcovery
G g a of

is* CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
of them, when digging gravel on his grounds, for mending the highways, of
which he was a furveyor. As the water was found to be feruginous, though not
fo much impregnated with iron as thofe of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, they were
immediately recommended as ufeful in removing obftructions in the fyftem, and
purifying the blood.
A petition from the proprietor to the Houfe of Commons, very many years
paft, States, that the fite was a place of public entertainment in the rejgn
of Queen Elizabeth. ¦ If this affertion is correct, but no proof is adduced,
Sadler was far from being the firft poffeffor for mufical purpofes and drinking.
Sadler's Wells was inclofed within a wall of confiderable extent, with feveral
fine trees within it. A gate faced the new river, on which was infcribed,
Sadler s'Wells, under a pediment. The houfe contained feven windows in front,
on the firft floor, with angular mullions; and prqbably the fame number below,
but thofe are hid by the wall in the view from which this defcription was taken,
copied from a wooden print head-piece to an old ballad, by order of Mr. Charles
Dibdin, jun. The upper Story I Should imagine was the mufick-room ; but where
the well was Situated is not Shown. The river is in the fore-ground ; and I am
inclined to think this building was that ufed by Sadler.
Frances Forcer owned the wells in 1735: by which period the proprietor
appears to have been doubtful whether he Should be permitted to proceed with his
exhibitions, as he thought it neceffary to petition the parliament for a licence.
In it he reprefented the place as having been ufed for mufick, rope dancing,
ground dancing, a Short pantomime, and the fale of liquor, for forty years before,
which Shows the above entertainments to have commenced in 1695. His appli
cation was rejected.
Sir John Hawkins obferves of the elder Forcer, that he was a compofer and
mufician, and author of feveral fongs published in the years 1685, °", and 7. This
man and his fon held the Wells many years. The latter is faid to have been
remarkably handfome, tall, and athletic.
Sir John adds, that the mufick performed at this and fome other places at that
period, hardly deferved the name of a concert, as the instruments were generally
confined to violins, hautboys, and trumpets, confequently in unifon ; or, if a
bafs inftrument was introduced, it was only for the ground-bafs to divifions in old
ballad or country-dance tunes. Ill:

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 23$
In May 1744 the grand jury of the county of Middlefex prefented Sadler's
Wells, then kept by John Warren, as a place injurious to the morals of the
publick. The proprietors of thofe days feem to have omitted ufing the opportunities they
always poffeffed of removing the objections fo juftly entertained againft their pro
ceedings, by making the entertainments lefs offenfive to morality. Then the
dancing and pantomimes were exhibited only to perfons who had rendered them
felves in fome degree incapable of judging of their merit, by drinking the precife
quantity of liquor which the proprietors prefcribed as an indifpenfable prelude to
their exhibitions *.
I remember that within- fourteen years paft fome remains of this deteftable
cuftom prevailed, when thepit tickets informed the fpectator, that an additional
6d. to the 2s. the price of admiffion, would entitle them to a pint of wine or
punch. The pit was at that time filled with high-backed feats, upon each of
which was a little Shelf, for the fupport of bottles, and wine-glaffes broken off in -
the midft were put into the mouth of the bottle. The reader will readily imagine
tlie'defeription of people who could thus immerfe themfelves in fpilled liquor and
its difagreeable fumes.. However, this circumftance evinces, that the tafte and
feelings, of the publick are greatly improved : for, although the Theatre was firmly
eftablifhed by the act of the. 25th of George II. 175 1, we find the proprietors have
lately, much to their honour, voluntarily removed thofe benches, and made the pit
what it now is, the receptacle of perfons full as refpectable as thofe who frequent
that portion of the eftablifhed theatres.
Now, Sadler's Wells feems to have arrived to that State of improvement, from
a vile beginning, that it may fafely be recommended as a cheap and pleafant
place of a fummer evening's amufement, where nothing is ever exhibited but
fcenes calculated to eftablifli early impreffions of liberality, generofity, and
loyalty. Accordingly, it- has obtained the patronage of a Prince of the Blood
Royal, whofe Brothers, together with numbers of the Nobility, frequently hon
our it with their pretence.
The prefent building was erected in 1765, when Rofoman yvas proprietor, at "
an expence of 4125!. ; and it is remarkable that the old building was taken down^ ¦
and the new one tiled, in feven weeks.
* I have been informed that they were in the habit of ferving ale, about fifty years paft,- in a par=>- -
ticular kind of brown jug, which my informant believes was peculiar to Sadler's Wells. Froia

224. CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
From Rofoman, Sadler's Wells went to the celebrated and admired veteran
performer, late of Drury-lane Theatre, Mr. King; -Serjeant, the trumpeter ; and
Arnold, a goldfmith and jeweller ; from whom Mr. Arnold, and -Mr. Wroughton,
now of Drury-lane, purchafed it for 12, cool. The -Wells afterwards became the
joint property of Meffrs. Wroughton ; Mr. Siddons, hufband of the greatly
valued tragic actrefs ; Mr. Hughes, proprietor of feveral provincial theatres ;
Mr. Coates, a linen-draper; and Mr. Arnold, jun. ; and laftl-y, in 1802, it was
purchafed by Mr. Charles. Dibden, jun.- -; Mr. T. Dibden, his brother, author of the
Cabinet, &c. ; Mr. Reeve, = the compofer ; Mr. Andrewes, many years the very
excellent fcene painter to this theatre ; and two gentlemen in the city. Mr. Hughes
Still retains his Share. The managers, under thofe proprietors, have been Mr. King,
Mr. Wroughton, Mr. Hughes, Mr. Lonfdale, and Mr. Charles Dibden, jun: fince
1800. This. latter gentleman inherits all that dramatic genius which has ren
dered his family fo confpicuous for many years, and is the fole inventor and
writer of the variety of pieces which have entertained the publick for three years
paft at Sadler's' Wells.
The old well was accidentally difcovered fome time Since, in the fpace between
the New River and the Stage door, and is faid to have been encircled by ftone,
with a defeent of -feveral fteps. There is at prefent a well under the Stage, funk
for the purpofe of concentrating the waters of the fprings, which is always full,
and very clear. The wall of. the fides feem to Show a congelation of the iron
that impregnates it. The Theatre
confifted of two Stage boxes, a pit, and one range of boxes -round the houfe,
with a gallery. The motto on the profcenium " Mirth admit me of thy crew."
It was neatly painted, and the capitals of the pilafters were fatyrs' maSks ; but the
irifide has been rebuilt within two years paft, at the expence of about 1500I. iri a
very fplendid Stile, in a femicircle, and decorated with painting and gilding.
^The prices of admittance 4s. 2s. and is. .boxes, pit, and "gallery.
'The Performances
are generally, a mufical bagatelle, a ferious ballet, and a dance; rope-dancing*;
concluded by a pantomime. A piece called " Mammon and Mofes" deferves

* Which has been difcontinued for two feafons paft.

notice,

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 235
notice, which afforded much humour and broad farce, together with feveral
excellent fongs. The tenor of it was to remove the narrow prejudices entertained
indiscriminately againft Jews and lawyers, by uniting the two profeffions in one
man, and making that one honeft and charitable. It was written by Charles
Dibden, jun. It is a great check to thefe trifles that they muft be accompanied
by mufic, written in rhyme, and pronounced in recitative.
The fpectacles are generally very good ; particularly the Spirit of the Elbe,
Alonzo and the fair Imogen, Valentine and Orfon, the iEthiope, the Great Devil,
Philip Quarll, and the Old Man of the Mountain, which is full as fplendid as any
reprefentation at the winter theatres.1
The ftories of the- dances will hardly bear a defcription, being mere pack
threads to hang- them together; but it would be injuftice not to notice the agile
and graceful movements of Mr. St. Pierre, Mad. St. Amand, and fome others.
Richer, who danced on the rope, is one of the handfomeft and beft-made men
in England. His fkill therefore in dancing is aided by the moft elegant motions,
and his Steps are infinitely more pleating on the narrow diameter of a three inch
rope, than nine tenths of our profeffed dancers are on the ftage. The wonderful
leaps he takes,- nearly his own height, terrify thofe who fee him for the firft time.
His correct manner of performing on the tambourine, when dancing, draws forth
repeated plaudits.
The pantomimes afford many temporary allufions to the follies of the times,
in the pads, falfe breafts, falfe calves, and tranfparent dreffes. Harlequin and his
mifchievous pranks muft be nearly Similar from year to year; but he is often
evenclaSfically grouped here with his attendants, efpecially in one called " Pan_
dora's Box," in which the minuteft particulars were reprefented. It was thus in
another, of." The Story of Phaeton." The Performers.
Mr.- Dubois*, who was a veteran on this Stage of nearly forty years, bears
away the palm from all, without exception, to whom fpeech is denied.
His talents are. of the moft verfatile defcription, acting on the fame evening a
complete fool, and a character of dignity, with equal truth. He is particularly
* -Now of Coven t- Garden Theatre. happy

23ff CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
happy in portraying a dark, malicious, and ambitious part. The transitions in
his countenance from fniiles to threats, from approbation to abhorrence, are maf-
terly performances. I have feen him, when (purfued by a perfon whom he had
injured, and whofe parent he had murdered) difguifed as a ghoft, betray fuch
dreadful emotions of terror, horror, guilt, confufion, and revenge, that I could
almoft fuppofe the fiction approached reality. Llis performance of Orion, in the
ballet before mentioned, difplayed a thorough infight into human nature debated.
He mixed the tricks and fagacity of the monkey with' the gleams of matured
reafon fo judicioufly, that an enlightened audience would have been delighted *.
So, in a recent character of a Moor, he is to fight in fingle combat, after the
defeat of his adherents, with their. conqueror. His motions are no longer Euro
pean, they are thofe of the favage : grimaces, glaring feareh for the moft vul
nerable part of his antagonist's body, and endeavours to fix a firm footing, to dart
like a tiger on his prey, characterife every mufcle.
Richer performed the parts of knights and warlike characters exceedingly well.
Grimaldi has a great deal of merit, both in Serious and pantomimic perform
ances. This young man's combats with Bologna junior (whofe attitudes and
figure are truly Grecian) with the broadfword, are executed with wonderful Skill';
but it is a dangerous fpecies of entertainment, and fevere cuts fometimes-enfue.
'Davis is very happy in comic parts.; his manner of Singing humorous and
fatiric fongs meets great applaufe. He would certainly fuftain fome characters in
a far fuperior Style than I have feen them performed at the winter theatres.
This place hath matured feveral perfons who have been engaged at Drury Lane
and Covent Garden : for inftance, Mrs. Harlowe, Mad. St. Amand, Dubois, the-
Bolognas, Grimaldi, &c.
The laft performed the character of Robinfon Crufoe at Drury Lane in a chafte
and correct Style very lately.
Mr. Townfhend, of Covent Garden Theatre, whofe talents as a vocal performer
are well known, acted the whole of the feafon of 1803 at Sadler's Wells.
The' falaries of the principal performers are generally nine guineas a week 4
indeed twelve pounds have been recently paid.
If this book fliould furvive two centuries, I have furnished feveral minutiae for a
future Malone. * Young Menage is equally excellent in the fpe&acle of Philip QuarH.
Bagnigge

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAME& ±m
Bagnic-ge Wells
Is in a valley badly fuited to an evening place of amufehient; being on a brook
it is true, but one bafely defiled by Shores, and extraneous matter thrown into it.
This Stream, which comes from Kentifh * Town, has occupied a valley quite to
the Thames, which maybe readily traced. Pentonville, and the ground South
ward from it, is a rapid defcertt. On the oppofite fide it Slopes, all along Gray's
Inn-lane, to the fame point. It may then be traced to Cold Bath fields ; from
thence to the valley between Leather-lane and Cow-lane, to Snow-hill; jhen to
Ludgate-hill-and the River.
A recent publication -f- informs us, that Bagnigge Houfe was once the refidence
of the celebrated Mrs. or •(vulgarly) Nell Gwyn. This account feems to be corro
borated by the owner of feveral fmall tenements at the North end of the Gardens
¦having called. them Nell Gwyn's Buildings. They have fince erafed the title. In
the<wall of the gardens is an infcription, under a distorted head, " This is Bag*-
inigge houfe neare the Pinder a Wakefeilde 1680."
This circumftance implies that it was ufed for feme public purpofe at that period.
71 have littledoubt for one Similar in fome degree to the prefent.
The " Pinder" is nearly obfolete, I fancy: probably the fign of The Pinder -a.
'Wakefield,' or Pinder of Wakefield (a -character in Robin Hood's band, who was
a Pinder or bailiff J of Wakefield), a noted tavern. It Should feem the proprietor
-was concerned with the Pinder, or he would hardly have pointed it out as a^place
well known. This is Bagnigge Houfe was better fuited to a fixed infcription.
;On a hand-bill perfectly proper, as near- the Pinder.
Mr. Lyfons.fays it was opened, for the firft time, about 1767, in confequence'
?of the difcovery of two fprings of mineral water ; chalybeate and -cathartic.
The gardens are fmall, but made the moft of in walks, fountains, and trees.
The old-fafhioned manner of trimming them, formal lines, and Statues, charac-
terife the place. But the dampnefs of the Situation, and the unfavoury Steam's
after a warm day from the water, are not recommendations with me.
Oppofite to this place the ground rifes, and part of it is ufed for making tiles',
.chimney-pots, &c. The earth is of a bright flame colour, and its unequal fur-
* This has been fuppofed to be a corruption from ^Caen-ditch. — But Kentish is written in old
records Kcntess tonne — a more natural derivation.
,f Rede's Anecdotes. { Keeper of the -Pinfold, or Pound, at "Wakefield.
Vol. III. Hh faces,

238 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
faces, tufted with grafs, contrafted with the beautiful flope near Pentonville, fias^
a pretty effect,, topped by Sadler's- Wells, and: the neighbouring trees, from
Gray's Inn-lane..
The vaft receptacle of New River Water on the fummit of tlie hill facing
Pentonville is inclofed by a high brick wall,. No place could have been ima>-
gined fo perfectly well calculated to diftribute it in every direction.
The defcent to London, on all fides, is fufficiently precipitate to keep the"
water in motion. Though this bafon is of great Size, it is not the principal; the
fire engine at the New River Head being ufed. to force the fluid into it, for the-
Weftern end of the town; which, laying high, requires a great defcent to impel'
the water.
The lake, or refervoir, near Sadler's Wells is very extenfive, and on its banks
the venerable and refpectable Mr. Mylne, the Company's furveyor, refides, in a
pretty, houfe, ornamented' with vafes and' quoins.- Surrounded with a variety of
flourishing trees, and fronted by the noble fheet of water, it has the appearance
of a nobleman's villa. " Originally built in 1 6 13* ; repaired 1782." The dome
of St. Paul's has a fine effect over thofe trees -r and from hence a nearer view o£
London prefents itfeif than in any other place. -
The aftoniShing number of pipes which meet the eye in every direction
diverging from this point in ramifications from, the parent trunk, is a proof of the
profperity of the Company, who afford a profusion, of water at a very trifling-
annual rent, of about one Shilling in the pound.
The Sessions House
was originally in St. John's-ftreet,. and' was called Hicks's Hall. James the Fiiff;
in the year 16.10, granted his letters patent, bearing date June 17, for a piece of
ground, containing 128 feet of affize from North to South in length, and '32 from
Eaft to Weft in breadth, referving a way of 20 feet on every Side thereof,, for the
ufe of Sir. Thomas Lake, and others, juftices of the peace for the county of Mid
dlefex, to erect a feffions-houfe, prifon, and' houfe of correction -j-".
This ground was held of the King, as: part of the manor of Eaft Greenwich,, in
fealty, and' free and common Socage.
* Lyfons's Environs-. f Petition of the Juftiees. ' They

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES. 23i>
They erected the Seffions Houfe in 1612 ; but the ground was found to be too
fmall for the prifon : they therefore purchafed a piece of land at the Eaft end of
St. James's-ftreet, where the prifon was built.
Their proceedings were approved of by the King ; and he granted another pa^
tent, dated the 10th of Auguft, in the 17th year of his reign, appointing the
buildings to be ufed for the above purpofes.
By the year 1777 the Hall had become extremely ruinous; befides, its vicinity
to Smithfield market, now that the population of London had increafed, was
found to be an interruption to that Silence fo neceffary for the Strict investigation
of courts of juftice. The Juftices therefore petitioned the Houfe of Commons for
•permiffion to rebuild it, on the fame fite, to take in part of the highway, and raife
a fum not exceeding i2,oool. for the purpofe.
In 1778 they petitioned again, and in this application they offered to remove
the building. They further requested, that part of the furplus of the duties on
coals might be applied to rebuilding their houfes of oorrection, and enlarging the
New Prifon.
Finally, a piece of freehold ground was purchafed, at the Weft end of Cler
kenwell green, for about 2000I.; and n,oool. were to be borrowed, on the credit
on the furplufes of the orphan's fund for erecting the building ; which will
outftand its predeceffor by at leaft a century. The front is of ftone, with a ruftic
bafement, and before it a railed area. The door is approached by fix Steps. Two
•windows on each fide in deep arches. Four Ionic pillars, and two pilafters, fup-
;port an architrave, frieze, and cornice, with a pediment over the pillars. The
windows are alternate'ly arched and flat on the tops. Over the middle window is
a medallion of his Majefty ; over the others fwords, fafces, &c. ; above the flat
cones reliefs of Juftice, &c.
In the tympanum the County arms. The roof forms a dome in the centre.
The remainder of the building is of brick, and therefore plain. As it is erected
againft a hill, the horizontal lines neceffarily give -the fides an inconceivably
heavy effect. They appear to be Sinking into the earth. *
Befides the routine of bufinefs particular to the county of Middlefex, feveral
duties impofed" by government were received in the back part of the building,
in the office of the Clerk of the peace ; that for granting hair-powder certificates
efpecially, Since received by the collectors of the feveral parifhes.
H h 2 From

t4Q CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
From the Hall of Juftice to the Prifon is a very natural transition., And this-
is feen only from St. James's Walk. In antiquity, it is the firft place in the
parifh for punifhment, if we except the Gage; which, being, totally decayed in
the year 16.14, " it was pul'd downe, and fett up und^r the brick wall at the-
ende of the Cuckinge Jloole ," with a room for a " iicke perfon 7" The priSon front
is of brick, with a ruftic gate of large dimensions. On the key Stone is a head of
dreadful import and Size, the reprefentation of Criminal Defpair. Over it hangs
a chain, fufpended from each end, and fetters fall on both fides ; above, a
Strong grated window, with a quoined border. The door is frequently opened
and Shut, when the chains acrofs it grate harShly againft the Staples, a melancholy
found, emblematic of the horrors within.
The criminals in this place were allowed 2d. per diem fome time pafty and had
bo employment.
Clerkenwell Bridewell contained 114 convicts in the year 1779. Their allow
ance was 3d. per diem, and their employment picking oakum and beating hemp.-
It confifted of twelve feparate wards, and a gallery for females. The profits
arifing from their labour amounted to about iol. which was, expended in purchaf-
ing Shoes and Stockings for them. Each fex had a court-yard to walk in;-.
Un fortunately crimes have not decreafed Since the above period,, and a Similar
account might be produced for the laft year.
The Prison:
in Cold Bath Fields has unhappily become fo interwoven with political quefti'ons,.
and been fo often cenfured and defended by members of the Legislature;, that' I
beg leave to fay nothing more of it than may be feen from the ftreet, and
extracted from, Mr. Neild's account of Prifons. Some have afferted it is Situated'
in a valley, others maintain it Stands high. I have therefore endeavoured to-
compare the ground wi'n that qf the neighbouring ftreets.
It is on a level with Swinton-ftreet and Gray's Inn-lane, and not more than fix.
feet lower than Meux's' brewhoufe . in Liquor Pond-Street ; fcarcely lower than
Gyildford-ftr.eet ; on a level with the Spa Fields; and as high! as the roofs of
* Veftry Book. many

CLERKENWELL, OT. JAMES. 241
many houfes in the fpace between Gray's Inn -lane and Coppice-row ; higher than
Clerkenwell- workhoufe, and the firft floors of the houfes at Bagnigge Wells.
From Pentonville it appears to be very low, and fo doth the whole of London.
That the internal contrivance of the cells, or the government of the prifoners,
have or have not anfwered the wifhes of the publick, or the projectors, is too
delicate a point to difcufs; and who- can decide but thofe that have had the
evidence of experience ?
The gaoler's falary is 3001. per annum; but neither fees or what is termed gar-
nifh is paid. There is a chaplain, whofe falary is 50I. ; for which he reads prayers
twice a week, and preaches- on Sundays. The furgeon receives iool. per annum
for his attendance at the Prifon and the Houfe of Correction. The prifoners are
allowed a pound of bread and a pint of gruel daily for breakfaft; and a quart of
broth, of rice, and oatmeal, and fix Ounces of meat, alternately, for dinner.
The court-yard is 35 feet by 20, the day-room 12 feet fquare, and the cell's 7
feet by 54. The bedfteads are of plank ; the bed a ticking, filled with Straw ;
and the covering a- blanket and rug.
The county allows a peck of coals per diem to each prifoner.
1794, Sept.'2'8. The chapel of this prifon was opened for divine fervice, when
a great number of magistrates and gentlemen affembled to hear Dr. Gabriel read
the fervice, and Dr. Glaffe preach, from the text, li 1 was in prifon, and ye came
unto me'' Seventy prifoners: attended^ in new cloathing, upon this folemir
occafion. The prifon is of brick, and ftands-within a large area, formed by a Strong
Buttreffed wall*, of unequal lines, according to the elevation, or Sinking of the
furface of the ground. The gate is of Portland Stone, contrived in a maffy Stile,.
and fculptured with the hateful but neceffary appendages of vice, fetters. An
octagon chapel towers above the crowds of little roofs. Indeed, it appears
fomething like Pope's villa, where he had been, on a vifit, and which he compares-
to a village of Amphion's time ; whofe houfes, being out of tune, had ffopt their
dance, and Stood ftill with amazement ever fince.
A tablet informs us it is "the Houfe of Correction for the County of Middlefex."
In the midSt of a large garden, in the area of a fquare, Stands the celebrated
Cold Bath ; an antique houfe, many years appropriated to this purpofe. Its-
pointed gables, and the little towers at the corners of the garden, give it an aiir
of Angularity. The prifon wall forms the Weft fide of the fquare.
Pentonville

342 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.

Pentonville
is quite modern, not a houfe in it being more than twenty years old, except the
White Conduit, and one or two others. No wonder it rapidly increafed : it is
near London, and a commanding fituation, with a beautiful profpect on every
fide. It is gratifying to walk up the hill from the commencement of the pariSh of
St. James, Eastward, in the new road. The defcent keeps it always dry. The
excellence of the road, and the variety of little gardens, filled with trees and
flowers, each difpofed according to the tafte of the owner, affords a continued
change ; and the tall poplars, with their poliflied leaves, gracefully bending
before the wind, fometimes fliewing, and at others concealing, the pretty front,
and neat white cupola of the chapel, give it a rural air of great intereft to the
Londoner, whofe eyes are rarely t>left with foen.es of this defcription.
Pentonville Chatel,
When the church of St. James was partly erected, the money originally -raifed
being expended, a petition was prefented to parliament for raising more : but,
being oppofed by the inhabitants of Pentonville, the truftees were obliged to
purchafe a chapel there (which had been erected by fubfcription, under the
Toleration Act, but ferved by members of the Established Church), for 5000I. as
a chapel of eafe for their ufe. The money was raifed by transferable bonds, bear
ing 4 per cent, intereft. It is vetted in truftees, who are to keep it in repair, by
rates not exceeding 8d. in the pound. •
The original plan of the chapel has not been carried into effect. Two hand
fome houfes werp to have been erected as wings, Eaft and Weft of it. The
ground is now burial-places. The building ftands on very excellent and well-
built vaults, lighted arid aired by fafhed windows. The entrance is at the North
end, down three fteps, whence a large arch reaches to the South wall, where the
vault of the Penton family is Situated ; from whom the town takes its name (the
late Henry Penton, efq. who died in Italy, having been proprietor of the land).
This arch is croffed by others, which ferve ai paffages to many divisions, private
property, whofe owners names are placed on the doors, engraved on brafs plates..
The price of one of thofe is 30I. Several remain to be difpofed of. The price of
depositing

Clerkenwell, st. james. 243
depofitirlg in the common parts is fix pounds. The coffins are all perfect, dry,
and clean ; even thofe firft placed there twelve years paft ; for the inclofure muft
be of Stone or metals, with an outfide covering. They may be explored without
difguft or danger, the air being perfectly Lveet and dry. I am informed upwards
of 1200 perfons have been interred in and near this chapel Since its erection.
The architect was Mr. Hurft, whofe abilities have produced a neat and pleaf-
ing infide, rather injured by the flat plain deling. The altar-piece is placed in a
femicircular facrarium, bounded by two fquare pilafters of the Ionic order, with
an arch, whofe angles are ornamented. Within the rails of wrought iron are two
niches, and over them fquare tablets.
The table is of mahogany, and directly over it are four Slender pillars of reeds,
bound by foliage, fupporting an arch, and the initials I. H. S.
This altar has been adorned with a very excellent picture of Jefus Chrift rarfj-
ing the child, from St. Mark, through the liberality of Mr. Samuel Walker, of
Mark-lane, who paid Mr, Fearfon the artift -70I. for it.
I Shall commence a defcription of this painting by faying, the colouring is very
rich and vivid, and not abfurdly bound down to prifmatic rules; by- which we
are led to think of a rainbow, and find a famenefs in every picture we view.
The painter has preferved that beautiful- placid countenance in our Saviour fo
often repeated- by the moft efteemed matters. He has thrown the principal light
on-the graceful female whofe refpiration is juft reftored, and given her that Share of
beauty, through the traces of difeafe and death, fo neceffary to preferve the intereft
of the piece. The fine linen of her drapery, and the clothes on the couch, are ex
tremely well managed.- The mother's face and attitude exprefi every thing wa
could wifh. Her features Shew wonder, and She feems divided between attention
to>her child and gratitude to the Salvator- Mundi.
The apoftles heads are all excellent, and the contraft they afford to the figures
juft mentioned, by their calm expreffion of knowledge, and -confidence in Chrift's
miracles, may juftly be admired. It is- inclofed- in- a gilded frame. On it is
infcribed,- ii~Talitha Cumi,. Mark v. 44,"
The font is an antique pedeftal, fupporting a vafc, bosh ornamented with
flowers and foliage, from Coade's manufactory of- artificial ftone-. It Stands near
the pulpit, facing the altar. The pulpit has an arch under it, with feats; but no
founding board, and is very plain. The organ. is fmall,- but quite as large as the •
eieling will admit; and over the keys is the cloek-face. The

244 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
T'^e galleries are remarkably neat, and of good workmanShip, -with. Ionk
pillars. This chapel Stands North and South.
In the niche, on the left fide of the altar, is a handfome little monument,
facred to the memory of Paul Hamilton, efq. a native of .South Carolina; where
he had a good eftate, and lived about 60 years, very generally and - deferv'edly
efteemed. But, during the unhappy rupture which took -place between Great
Britain and her Colonies, being attached to the British constitution, from princi
ple and a conviction of its excellence, he refufed to join thofe who meditated 2.
.feparation from the parent ftate ; and therefore left Carolina, and paffed the
remainder. of his life in England ; where, having fupported a fair and irre
proachable character, he finished his courfe of trial, and was removed to a better
country, by a ftroke of the palfy, on the nth day of December, 1.797, in the
73d year of his. age ; and his remains are deposited in the vault of this chapel.
'The iRev. 'Richard Lendon, rector of St. John's Clerkenwell, is the prefent
H curate, 1803.
The outfide is of brick; with a frontifpiece of ftone pilafters of the Ionic order,>~
?nd a pediment. Over the principal window, an arched fan ; two others plain.
One door in the middle, and another on each fide ; two niches on .-the fides of the
great door.
The cupola is on the South end over the pediment ; a pretty defign, with oval
windows. As the chapel Stands fome diftance within the rails on the ftreet, a femicircular
gravelled road leads from gate to gate, fenced with poSts ..and chains ; the remain
ing fpace laid with grafs ; a row of poplars extend round it. The furface of the
adjoining burial grounds are feveral feet lower than this part. The fides of the
chapel are plain ; with .feveral windows above, and fix roelow; and two doors,
.upon a confiderable flight of fteps.
The whole Site of the ground and chapel is in the Shape of a T; the body to
the. North. At this extremity are two very commodious lodges, on the Sides of
the gate, for the beadle who refides there.
In Hermes-Street is the Infant Charity School of Pentonville, for 12 boys, and
the fame number of girls, fupported by fubfcriptions. The firft fermon preached
in the chapel was to benefit this inftitution, in the year 1788. In 1795 Thomas Rudd

CLERKENWELL, ST. JAM^. 245
Rudd gave, by will, aol- 5. 1796, Paul Ham ikon, efq. iol.; 1797, by will, 50I. ;
1798, Thomas Hitchins, efq. by will, 1000I. 3 per cents, forever*.
The houfes in Pentonville are generally neat, and well built, fome particularly
fo. The ftreets are broad, and their defcent keeps them always clean ; it is no
wonder therefore that the houfes produce good rents. Whenever the bleSfings of
Peace are reftored, this place will again increafe in a very rapid manner, as I
underftand a great deal of ground, is let on building leafes, particularly that
between Sadler's Wells and the New Road. Indeed, the improvements are
likely to extend far and wide. Northampton Houfe, with its three fine trees, in
St. John's-road, is to come down ; and the fite and adjoining fields are to be con
verted into a fquare, market, and ftreets -Jr.
I cannot omit noticing the beautiful view to the North- weft from the White
Conduit Houfe (fo called from the ftone building near it, which formerly fup-
plied the monaftery of the Chartreufe, or Charter Houfe, with water), and the
fingular moving fcene upon it on a fine Sunday evening. The inequalities of the
ground, together with the intervening villages of Pancras, Kentifh Town, Cam
den and Somers Towns, groupe in fo pleating a ftile with Llampftead, that I
think no view from London equal to it. But when a gentle, mild, and refrefhing
breeze, brings the perfume of thoufands of tons of new made hay to us, then it is
that a file of Londoners break from the week's restraint, and form a line from
Cold Bath Fields, through Pentonville,. to Primrofe Hill, Chalk Farm, and
Copenhagen Houfe. The foft air exhilarates their fpirits \ they race, tumble in
the hay, and fport with unfeigned pleafure ; and Who can be Stoick enough to
look down upon the thoufands before them without rejoicing that Nature fmiles
thus upon us ? When we turn to the houfe, there we And the gardens and rooms
full to overflowing ; the company impatient, overheated, and nsify ; the mafter
hurrying, the waiters flying, and the admirer of rural beauty wondering — at the
preference of heat to cooling airs, the clamour of tongues to the ftillnefs of the
fields, and the efforts of tea-room organs to the Strains of birds.
Oppofite the prifon before mentioned, (fee p. 240), is a burial-ground, of incort-
Siderable Size ; and near it the ruins of the Quakers' workhoufe, which the "New
View of London" fays was founded about the year 1692, for the maintenance of
50 decayed people of their perfuafionj who were allowed lodging and diet, and
employed in their feveral professions by the governors. It has fallen into decay
many years paft, and what remains is let to poor occupants* at very low rents. •
* From.- a table in the church. f Information from Mr. Rhode*'.
Vol. IIL I i The

24(5 CLERKENWELL, ST. JAMES.
The fame inftitution exifts, in a new and moft commodious building, in the:
Gofwell Street-road, near Islington.
The houfe was erected about the year 1786, on a large fquare of ground
belonging to the Brewers' Company, which is held by the Inftitution for 150
years at a rent of 16I. a year for the firft 90 years, and the remainder fubject to a
rife of 34I. a year.
It is ufed as a meeting which is held monthly on a Friday morning, and for the'
purpofe of a charity fchool. Apartments are "provided in a neat houfe facing it
for ia men and 12 women, being poor, and of the Society of Friends. The
number of boys and girls are not limited. The inmates of every defcription
amount at this time to 68. Six different meetings in London, together with fome
legacies and voluntary contributions, fupport the charity, and provide rewards
for thofe females who preferve the places obtained for them ; which are 30s. for
the firft, and 40s. for the fecond and third years. If they behave with propriety
they are allowed 40I. as a marriage portion, the boys have 20I.
The Inftitution gives iol. and the meeting who fends the boy 15I. as apprentice
fees. The houfe, meeting, fchools, apartments, and Stairs, are as white and clean
as bruShes and induftry will make them. The cielings are remarkably high, and'
the windows large, confequently the rooms are perfectly dry and well aired.
The outfide has the appearance of a villa, furrounded as it is by pleafure'
grounds, gardens, and trees.
The parish of St. James bears the appearance of a fuburb Still, very few of the
ftreets being regularly and clofely built. Many of the houfes have fmall gardens
before and behind them, promoting" a circulation of air which renders them'
healthful and pleafant.
A playhoufe, called The Red Bull, in antient days, ftood at the upper end of
St. -John's-ftreet.- It was chiefly frequented by the lower order of people, and
is faid to have been a large building, acted in by daylight, and partly open to
the weather. The worthy Edward Allen has left a memorandum, wherein he
fays, " Oct. 3, 161 7, went to the Red Bull, and received for The younger Brother
but -3I. 6s. 4d.
The company were called The Players of the Re veils.
It appears from the late enumeration that this pariih contains at prefent, 10,898
males, 12,498 females, 23,396 total ; inhabited houfes 332O, uninhabited- 107.
CLERKENWELL,

'Uli'Ki'.

( 247)

; CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
The Order Of St. John of Jerusalem,
¦the. origin of which, like every other remote circumftance, is involved in fome
(obfcurity.. When it is confidered that the City of Jerufalem was in the hands of profeffed
enemies to the Chriftian faith, it is fcarcely credible that fuch an order Should
arife. from the very refidence of the Saviour, of which the Infidels muft have
been greatly jealous. ... Trade,, and the eager defire of wealth, however, over-
¦came all religious .prejudices ; and., in the year 1048, the Italian merchants
obtained permiffion to erect an hofpital for travellers and pilgrims, dedicated
to St. John the Baptift, in Jerufalem.
From this period the: Turks 'may date the carnage of their men, the Christians
their difafters by fea and land, and the inhabitants of Europe the lofs of millions
of treafure, thrown .away in the perilous purfuit of crufading.
f.- Thus, in the very pretence of the Caliph, did the Chriftian Religion begin to
flourish, 490 years after his predeceffors had obtained poffeSfion of the holy
ground. This length of time did not make a title in the European code of laws ;
and enthufiafm prompted many kings: to join in an attempt to recover Jerufalem,
though every.profpect of defeat and ruin lay before them. Yet, through diffi-
.culties innumerable, their, efforts prevailed,1 under the courage and conduct of
, Godfrey of Boloigne, -duke of Lorrain, who commanded their troops, and con
quered feveral provinces. But this was a labour of three years, and it was 1099
before the city came into his poffeffion. In the British Mufeum is an enormous
book *, moft exquisitely written and illuminated, on vellum, Confifting of 960
pages, on this fubject, which has probably belonged to the Priory of St. Johm I
can difcover no date ; but the title page is decorated with the Red and White
;Rofes, the Motto of the Garter, and Royal Arms, and was probably written
between the years 1400 and 1500. It is in French ; and Godfrey's exploits are
.detailed at length. As I have ventured to fuppofe the book was owned by the
Priory, I beg leave to mention the beauty and delicacy of the drawings,, which
are finished like, miniatures ; and many of the figures are mafter-pieces of expref-
• ;- * Cottonian MSS. Nero, E.VJ.
. I i 2 Sion.

348 CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
fion. Several would actually be invaluable, were the lights thrown more into a
focus, and the diftant partslefe diftincL As the merit lies in great meafure in
the colouring, 1 have engraved an outline of the laft moments of the Duke of Lor-
rain, which will ferve as a fpecimen of the drawing, and give an idea of the
manner of fuch fcenes in antient days^ The light parts of the draperies are
heightened by the flneft Strokes of gold, which is far from giving the glaring
appearance an injudicious artift -would occafion. There is exactly enough to
make the drawings beautifully rich.
Godfrey was elected King of Jerufalem, and thus was this glorious triumph
completed. Now obferve the victors bearing the Hoft, an emblem of brotherly
remembrance, over fields dyed with blood, over ground uneven by the graves of
the Slain, and poffeffing that city by force which Chrift would have conquered by
perflation. Pope Calixtus the Second was, no doubt, the acting manager of this bloody fcene.
Gerard, a man who had been very active, was made firft rector of the order of
St. John. Crowds of pilgrims and enthufiafts flocked from all parts to Jerufalem,
and the liberality of lorrain enabled the Prior to entertain them hofpitably.
Pope'Pafoal took them under his holy prptection, and gifts poured- in from all
fides. Their privileges were enlarged, and in 1113 they were in the full tide of
profperity. >
Raymond, a fucceffor of Gerard, wanting charity to ufe the revenues of the
hofpital in acts of benevolence, turned them into a channel the moft foul, and
foreign to the duties of the order, he could devife. This: was war and conqueft.
.For this purpofe their banners were invented, and the brethren marfhalled into
knights, captains, and fervants. They fought bravely ; but courage will not always
prevail, for thofe- hardy invaders, after 87 years poffeffion,. were compelled to
give up their dear bought city to the conqueror Saladine, and the Crefcent waved
ence more where the Crofs had Stood.
This misfortune did not extinguish their military ardour.. They retained their
arms, and fought where a battle was to be found, and particularly distinguished
themfelves at the Siege of Prolemais, which was. taken July 12, 11 91. This city
afforded them a refidence till (after 191 years and 10 months poffeffion of terri
tory) the Holy Land was wrefted from the Christians, 1292.
The Mafter and brethren fled for fafety to the ifland of Cyprus, whofe chief had
compaffion on them, and gave them a fea port,' which was the city of Limefol. Here,

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. 349
Here, when deprived of the power of aggreffion, they turned their attention to
the ftate of the brotherhood, and in two chapters, held in the years 1292 and 3,
many Salutary Statutes and regulations were enacted.'
That reftlefs difpofition which was dignified by the name of Crufading, in
-truth merely a difguife for the thirft of conqueft, led them in 1308 to attack
Rhodes; which, with feven other islands, fell into their hands.
Now, confidering their title of St. John of Jerufalem but a Shadow, and pof-
feffing folid Rhodian earth, they adopted the appellation of Knights of Rhodes.
The Sultan Soliman, jealous of their power, and hating their religion, refolved
upon expelling them from their conquefts. He affembled a moft formidable
army, who befieged the city of Rhodes ; and, after the Knights had obstinately
defended it fix months, were compelled to furrender to 300,000 ',-— a memorable
proof of the efficacy of fortified towns againft number's.
This event, though unfortunate in its iffue, did the Knights infinite military
honour. The Grand Mafter left the ifland in 1523, feven days after its furrender.
We find them at this period of their hiftory depreffed by defeat, turned front
"their ufurped homes, at a lofs where to land ; and, to fuch haughty and reftlefs
fpirits, their fituation was miferably deprefling. But the Empefcor Charles the
Fifth gave them Malta, which they had much difficulty in preferving *.
It will be found from fome of the following facts that our Priory of St. John
Clerkenwell was not idle, but aSfifted the Knights previous to their expulfion from
Rhodes. A great number of applications, in Latin, are preferved in the Britifli
Mufeum, from the different Grand Matters to Henry the Seventh, for fuccour.
They are written in a very good character; but their Signatures are generally
indifferent. To detail the fubftance of thofe petitions would occupy too much
room, I Shall therefore confine myfelf to " An Indenture between Thomas Doc-
wra, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerufalem, in England, and Sir Thomas
Newporte, knt. -f-, Baily of Thegle, and Commander, of the Comoianderies of
Newland, Dalby, and Rorheley, and Ribfton, in the Counties of 'Yorke.,. Lin
coln, and Leycefter, from a Vellum Book belonging to the Priory.
" The Prior and Brethren by their Indenture, the 6th of May 15 13, 5th Henry
the Eighth, granted for "two years the faid bailys and commanderies, unto Robert
Newport, commander of Anfty and Trebigh, George Dulifon, Guthlath Overton,
* Compiled from a MS. in the Britifh Mufeum.
f Sir Thomas was called tp the order by the •Lieutenant, Mafter, and Convent, Sept. 3, 1503.
William

tso CLERKENWELL, gT. JOHN.
William'Yolton, and Sir Richard Nicoll, prieft, in consideration of iocol. Ster
ling, which the forfayd Sir Thomas Newport hath anticipate of the revenues of
the faid bailliage and commanderys. And of the fame ioool. hath confeffed
openly in rife f4 affembly himfelf well and truly paid and fatisfied.
" For to fupply liisexpenfes in his iorney to Th'rods, and in Th'rods, in ferff
vyce of the religion, and fucpr of the City of Th'rods. Which City ys at the
poynt to be befeged by the gret Turke named Selymis, which the fecund day of
Ffebruary laft 'paft had xx galiSTe, and xl foSts, in places nygh to theCaftell of
Sunt Peter.
" And alfo, at the fame tyme,. had j j other navys lying in the Fifto and Makres.
And where alfo^ the 2d day of. Jan. laft -paft, the forfaide lx fales, and x.m. men
by lande, came before the' faid Caftell of Saint Peter. Wherfor the Right Re
verend Fader in God Monfr Ludovico de Stalengia Lievten' to my Lord Mafter of
Th'rods, latly elette, named Guidode Blanchjbrd and his Counfell, — at that tyme
made none other accompt -but that in this p'fent moneth of Maye the faid gret
Turke with his army wold befege the forfayd City of Throds by land and water,
.as we have full notice by the faid Lievten', Mafter, and Counfaill."
" The Prior, in confideration of the danger of Rhodes, and Sir Thomas New
port having the King's licence to depart from that place to ferve the religion (for
that caufe only) permitted," &c. This fum was to be repaid in five years, at the
rate ef 200I, per annum, to be fent to London at Sir Thornas's coft.
There are feveral other indentures, of anticipation in the fame book.
Every one is acquainted withthe memorable, defence of Malta by the Knights
fubfequent to the above period; where they remained, braved only by the fea,
till the branches of the Order withered, round them,, and their maffy priories fell
into duft. ^Jid at Malta might they have Still, remained in peace, had not the
famous French expedition to Egypt taken place.
This rock' was found to poflefs the property of that in the Eaftern Tales, for a
part of the fleet of France was attracted to it, andfo clofely adhered, that none
but brave BritiSh teamen* could dsfpel the, charrn. It was diffolved : the North
loured, the felf-elected Grand Matter collected his thunders, — but when he
would have hurled them, at his en^mies-r-his. arrn became nervelefs — bis body
breathlefs. • \ . : The

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.

251

The following is from the collection of Dr. Birch, in the British Mufeum".
" It is a moft grofs and ridiculous abfurditie to make, as fome doe, the Hbf-
pitallers and thofe of St. John of Jerufalem to be two orders, that is indeed but
one and the fame.

rfirft<

The Brethren
of this Hofpi
tal were called

Hofpitallers, or Knights
Hofpitallers, alfo
Johannots,

r

rllofpitalers of St. John of Jerufalem,

or

or"( of the Order of St. John of Jerufalern,
or
Baptists.

Afterwards Knights of Rhodes, or the Rhodian Knights,
or the Rhodians of St. John, -.
-Laftiy, Knights of Malta.

Their robe was black, and on-the' breaft they wore a white crofs on a red field. v
The valuable " Regiftrum munimentorurh et evidenciarum, camerarum, precep-
toriarum, placearum, et locorum prioratus Hofpitalis Sancti Johannis Jerufalem in
Anglia; inceptum A.D. MccccxLir. et tempore fratris Roberti Botiller prioris
dicti Hofpitalis anno fecundo," preferved in the Cotton Library*, gives the names
of many mafters and priors of the order ; which, as it difagrees with fome lifts I
have feen, may be worth inferring, together with the following :
" Nomina Magiftrorum quondam Templi in Anglia.
Magifter Galfridus Alius Steph'i,. anno Magifter Will's de la More, A. D.

D'ni miU'imo cmo Lxxxm0.
Magifter Thomas Berardi, A. D. JT. c c.
Magifter Alanus Marcell, A. D.
.M.CC XXVIII.
Magifter Robtus Mounford,. A. D.
M.CCXXXIIII.
Magifter Robtus Saunforde,, A. D.
M.CCXLI.
Magifter Guido de Forefta, A. D.
M.C.CLXXXXII.
Magifter Jacobus de Molayo, A. D.
M.CC.LXXXXIII.

M.C.C.C.
Magifter RoBtus Turvilc.
Magifter Brianus Jay.
Magifter Amberaldus, anno R5 Henrici
tertiixiiT.
Magifter Amadeus, anno ejufdem
Regis xxxviii.
Magifter Imbtus Perot, A. dci Regis
LIIII.
Magifter Rocelinus de Fofla.
Magifter Amaricus de Sco Mauro.
Magifter Ric'us Haftyngs;

* Nero, E.VL

" Ann©

2-52

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.

" Anno D'ni mill'rmo c°-xxiii ordo Templariorum incepit fub Kalixto p'pa
lcdo ; qui pofteain anno D'ni mill'imo cccviii fub Clemente p'pa vto deleti funt.

** Nomina Magnorum Magi
Magifter Hugo de Paeus.
Magifter Burgundus.
Magifter Evrardus.
Magifter Bernardus de Tremeiey.
Magifter Andreas Brooke.
Magifter Bertrandus.
Magifter Phus de Neapoli.
Magifter Odo de Sco Amando.
Magifter Alanus de Turri Rubea.
Magifter Gerardas de Bidford.
Magifter Rob'tus de Sambell.

ftrorum quondam Templi Salomonis.
Magifter Gilbertus Grail.
Magifter Ph'us de Plefleto.
Magifter Will's de Carnoto.
Magifter Petrus de Monte A euro.
Magifter Hermannus Petragoricus.
Magifter Ricus de Bures.
Magifter Will's de Soveney.
Magifter Reginaldus de Vichers.
Magifter Thomas Gerard.
Magifter Will'us de Bello Loco.
Magifter Theobaldus Gaudyn.

" Nomina Magi ftrorum Hofpitalis Jerlm.
" Magifter Girardus erat primus Ma- Magifter GernT Brooke.
gifter Hofpitalis poft capconem ci- Magifter Bert'ndus de Cous.
vitatis Jertm:.
Magifter Raymundus, qui Regulam
Hofpitalis ordinavit.

Magifter Rogus Balben.
Magifter Arnaldus Brooke.
Magifter Girardus Affaly.
Magifter Caffe.
Magifter Jobert.
Jvlagifter Rogerus de Molys.
Magifter Gariiius de Napelo.
Magifter Armengant de Afpe.
Magifter Jeffray Don Jon'.
Magifter Anfonfus de Portugal.
Magifter Geffrey de Rat.
Magifter Garn' de Mounteagu.
Magifter Bert'undus de Coxi.

Magifter Petrus de Wlnebrlde.
Magifter Will's de Caftello.
MagiSter Hugo Renell.
Magifter Ric'us Lergne.
Magifter Joh'es de Villers.
Magifter Odo de Pinibiis.
Magifter Will's de Villareto.
MagiSter. Fulco de Villareto ; hujus
temp'e, videlt, anno Dom. rnill.
ccc xi. capta . eft Jnfula Rodfc de
manibus Grecor'.
Magifter Gliovus de Villa Nova.
MagiSter Deodatus de Gofono.
Magifter Petrus de Corvile.
Magifter Rog'us de Pinibiis.
Magifter Raymundus Berenger. Magifter

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. ,253
Magifter Ric'us Caratrolus. Magifter Petrus Dawbuffon.
Magifter Philibtus.de Naylheaco. Magifter Emeritus Samboys.
Magifter Anthonius Ffluviani. Magifter GuidodeBlancheford.obiitxin
Magifter -Joh'es de Laftico. die Decemb. anno D'ni mill0 cxui".
- Magifter- Jacobus de Milly. , MagifterFabriciusdeCarettofact'etelect'
MagiSter Raymundus Zacofta. in Magiftr' xv die Decemb. A. D.
Magifter Baptifta de Urfinis. m.cxiii.
" Nomina Priorum Hofpitalis Sancti Joh'is Jerl'm in Anglia.
" Frat. Garnarius de Neapoli erat primus Prior tempore fundacois foror' Do
mus de Bukland, tenip'e Regis Henrici fcdi, qui congregavit forores tunc p
divfa loca difpfas, ac temp'e Due Fine prime Prioriffe ib'm, que Prioriffa.vixit
in ip'o ftatu lx annis. .< Ifte erat Prior p pl'res annos ante paSfionem Sci Thome
Martiris, et obiit ultimo die Augufti.
Frat. Ricus de Turk, Prior temp'e eiufdem Prioriffe, obiit xn-die Augufti.
Frat. Radiis deDyna, Prior temp'e eiufdem Prioriffe, obiit xiii die Maii.
Frat. GilBtus de Veer, Prior temp'e eiufdem Prioriffe, dedit fororibs domus Buk
land c s. annue penf. exeunt, de maiiio de Reynham ; et obiit xiii die Augufti.
Frat. Hugo de Alneto, Prior temp'e eiufdem Prioriffe, obiit xxiii die Novembr.
Frat. Alanus, Prior et Ep'us de Bangor temp'e eiufdem Prioriffe, obiit xix die
Maii. 'r
Frat. RobtusThefaurarius, Prior tempore eiufdem Prioriffej obiit xxvi die Octobr'.
Frat. Terricus de Nuffa obiit xxi die Decembr', A.D. m.cc xxxvii.
Frat. Robtus de Maunby Prior obiit xiiii die menf Octobr'.
Frat. Rogerus de Veer Prior dedit ecclie de Clerkenwell unam de fex ydriis in
quibs Jhefus convtit aquam in vinum, A. D. m.cc.lxixj & obijt xv die Febru-
arii, A.D. m.cc.lxx.
Frat. Petrus de Hakham, Prior tempore Regis Ei primi, obijt xi die Januar.
Frat. Simon Botard Prior obijt in die Maii.
Frat. Helyas Smethton Prior obijt xxvij die April.
Frat. Steph'us Fulburn Prior obijt primo die Januar.
Frat. Jofeph Chauncy Prior obijt die xix die Maij. Ifte fieri fecit capellam
Dili Prioris in Domo de Clerkenwell temp'e E. pmi a conqueftu.
Frat. Walterus Prior adquifivit pceptorias de Quenyngton * & Shenegey -j- et
plures terras & ten', et obijt xxi die Augufti.
* G. Glocefler. f C, Cambridge.
Vol. III. Kk Frat.

25* CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
, Frat. WHlm's Hannle * Prior fieri fecit Clauftrum de Clerkenwell, A. D. m.cc-
exxxiiij, et regni Regis E. primi xii, et obijt iijj Februar A.D. fupdict',
Frat. Ricus Pavley, Prior tempore Regis Ei filij- ET, obijt indie Augufti.
Frat Robtus de Dyna Prior obijt xxiij i die Novembr'.
Frat. Will's Tothall Prior obijt xu die Octobr', A. D. ircec xvnr, Ira D^ii-
calis D.
Frat. Thomas L'Archier Prior obijt xxvi u die Augufti^ A.D. mxcc xxix..
Flic dedit foxoribus de Bukland xls. annuatim in perpetuum, percipiend' de manerioj
de Flidon perfin' ad Templecombe.
Frat. Leonardus de Tybtis Prior obijt ultimo die Januar'. Temp'e hujus bona'.
Templariorum- data funt Hofprtalarijs."
Newcourt has added' a number of priors to this lift, beftdes altering its' arrange
ment, and concludes with "F rater Will. Wefton, ultimus Prior hujus Hofpitalis^,
obiit 7 Maii, anno quo prioratus fuit diffolutus ; viz. 1540, 32 Plenr. VIII.'*"
Sir Thomas Trefham was placed there by Queen' Mary.y when. She attempted
to reftore the order; 4
BiShop Kennett,. in his^ copy of Dugdale's Monafticon,.. in the hands- of Mr..
Gough, gives the following dates.
Raymundus, mafter, temp. Henr. ep. Wint. *•
William, prior of the hofpital of Jerufalem, witneSfes a grant of Henry bifliop,
of WinGhefter on am agreement between the hofpitallers of Jerufalem and the prior.-
and convent of Winchefter, dated 8 id. Januar... 117 1 '..
Roger de Mulins- magifter domus hofpitalis Hierofolymitani, et Guarinusde;
Neapoli prior domus- hofpitalis in Anglia, 4,id. Apr. 1.185 '•-
Robert de Turvil, 1280.
Jofeph de Chauncey, late prior, 1281 *:
Henle, 1282 3. William de Hunle, or Haunle, 128-2, 1283 \ 1288 *, appointed;
prior by the mafter of the hofpital of St. John of Jerufalem of Aeon.
William de Hanvill,, going into parts, beyond fea, conftituted his attorney,,
July 6, 1286. N
Roger de. Vere, 12831.
Peter de Hackam, or Haghum, 1294, 1296^.
* De, Henley vocatur de Hanvil et de Hannel. Newcourt;.
1 Ex Cartular. Hofpit. S. Crucis prope Winton. _2 Pat. 9 Edw. II. ? Reg. Peckham arcEiepTCant: William

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. 255
William de Tottehale, 1297 *. Prefented to the vicarage of North Pederton
1309*.. Quit-claim of William de Tottehale to John de Pontiffara, bifhop of
Winchefter, of the advowfon of the hofpital of St. Crofs, at Sparkesford, near
Winchefter, 31 Edward I.1
Thomas Larclier, 1323 6, 1325, 1 8 Edward II. "
John Paveley, 1364.
Robert Hales, 1373, i377«
Hildebrand Inge, prefident of the priory.
John Radyngton, 1382, 1383, 1386, 1388, 1395.
William Grendon, 1396,' 1397, i4°5> 1406, 1416. He gave letters dimif-
fory to his clergy, to be ordained by any biShop at Brakenthwarth 9.
William Huller, 1417, 1418, 1420, 1430, 1431.
Robert Mallore, 1432 I0, 1437 U'
Robert Botyll, 1441 ", 1439, T449, 1451, 1455, 1458.
. A vacancy May 11, 1469.
John Longftrother, 1469.
William Tournay, 1471,' 1472, H74* Turvay,' 1473.
Robert Molton, 1474, 1476.
John Wefton, 1479, 1531 ; died 1 541. See his epitaph in Weever, p. 430.
John Kendale, 1493 ", 1500.
Vacancy 1501.
Thomas Docwra, 1502. In 1508 he was cited to a convocation of the clergy ";
tunc in remotis agens 1523.
Thomas Newport, locum, tenens to Thomas Docwra, 1502.
Thomas TreSham, appointed by royal mandate, Nov.^o, 1557 '3.
(See the Plate, for the arms of this priory, as they are reprefented in the book
belonging to it ; and as they were on the tomb of Sir William Wefton, at
St. James's Clerkenwell ; and over St. John's Gate, as engraved in the Gentle- '
iman's Magazine; and obferve the difference in the mottOj of any, for fane).
3 Reg. Peckham archiep'i Cant. * Cantr. Rot. OI. Sutton.' s Pat. 15 Edw. I.
6 Reg. Drokensford ep'i Wellenf . » Rot. Pari. 2 Ric. II.
1 Reg. Ebor. » Reg. Grenfeld archiep'i Ebor. x! Reg. Grey ep'i Line.
11 Reg. Alnewyk. " Reg. R. James ep'i Lond.
u Ant. Harman, p. 159. Stowe'g Annals, p. 631.
Kk2 Sir

256 CLERKENWELL, ST, JOHN.
Sir William Dugdale has copied the pedigree of Brian and Jordan Briffer,
in the Monafticon, from the book before-mentioned, which adds their arms,
" Una Griffon Volans." It was to Jordan Briffet the brethren were indebted
for their foundation in England ; and his endowment, increafed by enthufiaftic
perfons, rendered them the moft wealthy, powerful, knight monks of Albion.
Befides their poffeffions at Clerkenwell, they had others at Horfedon, Ifeldon,
Neweton, Barowe, Hackney, Rokholt, Hyghbury, Edelmeton, Chyngeforde,
Lille Ston, Hampftede, Kyngfbury, Hendon, Cranborde, Egesware, Boys, Here-
felde, Widefmere, Merlawe, Bufteleham, Chalfehunte, Sildefburghe, Ravenef-
thorpe, Adyngton, Reyndon, Sutton in Effex, Chelfyh, Hetheryngron, Swun-
don, Dynnelley, Wefton, Baldoke, Ecclia de Langeforde, Ware, Amwell,
BrokeSbourne, Elbande, Tokefwode, Merewe, Shepley, Sumptynge, Compton
Kele, Hampton, Reynham, Morchall, Weftchurrok, Purflete, Turrok Grey,
Chaureth, Eynges, Stebbynge Sutton at Floon, Hertforde, Burgham prioratus
et ecclia, eccTia de Normanton, Rippley, penfio de Dunfiable, penfio de eocfia
Frirenbarnet, Harrowe, Villa Sci Albani, Seldeforde, &c. &c.
The Antiquarian Repertory contains a petition, dated 1439, from the Lord
Prior to the Houfe of Commons, praying for a remiffion and abolition of a rent
of 15 s. that they paid to the King for two forges in Fleet-ftreet ; which were
deftroyed by the rebels in the reign of Richard II. anno 138 1 ; and had not been
rebuilt, becaufe of the annoyance they would occafion to the neighbourhood.
The annual value of the above places and others are in the Court of Firft Fruits as
follows : " Priorat' five Hofpit' Sci Johis Jflm in temp'al' et fpirit' 2385I. 19s. 8d."
I can add but little to the Hiftory of the order; but, in a dearth of materials,.
the chafms in dates will, I hope, be excufed. In the book of fpiritual benefices
and chantries by Cuthbert Tonftall, 14 Henry VIII. are thefe entries..
"' Hofpitale Sci Johis Jerlm.
Mgr Robertus Pocoparte fuvifor 11 Stipend', 5L bona 1,. 14I. mutum 38s.,,
Prioratus Sancti Jo'liis -) .
T , 1 A v„ > fol. per Iras Regis ioool."
Jerlm in Anglia j
When that Leviathan of plunder Henry the Eighth feized thefe revenues, we
cannot be at a lofs for his motives. Had the order flourifhed till this time,.
how great would have been their value I The

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. 257
The confeqvknce of the brethren at that period of their hiftory, when fuperfti-
tion and enthufiafm reigned in full vigour, and when the preceding gifts fell like
the fall of manna upon them, not forgetting the revenues of the Templars at their
diffolution, may eafily be imagined. Thus riches dazzle weak-fighted man, and
honours loaded on him ferve but to render his path dangerous. The reign of
Richard the Second furnifhed a. prologue to the tragedy of monastic ruin, in their
lofl'es from Tyler's rebellion. " In this diforder London looked like a city taken
by Storm ; the Archbishop's Palace, St. John's Houfe by Smithfield, and the
Temple, were confirmed, together with Lancafter Houfe, the houfes of the
judges,- lords, and chief citizens, in order to fulfill the oath which the rebels had
taken, to deftroy every thing that carried but an appearance of grandeur or distinc
tion *.'r The infurrection foon fubfided ; but the effects were deplorable ; fmoak-
ing fragments of their church, habitations, and cloisters, were to be removed,
and new Structures' erected : a work of time and heavy expence, and not com
pleted till 1504, by Thomas Docwra, then prior, 123 years after the tranfaction.
Camden fays, that the "priors were held equal in rank to the firft barons of the
realm; and their riches certainly enabled them to fupport their fplendour of living.
Such was their power and influence that Edward III. thought it neceffary, in the
40th year of his reign, to appoint Richard de Everton vifitor of the hofpitals of
this order in England and Ireland, to reprefs their infolence, and to enforce pro
priety of conduct ;. which appointment was repeated five years after by the
fame king.
Henry VI. held a council at the hofpital on Nov. 13,. in the 1 6th year of his
reign ; when Humphry Duke of Gloucefter was appointed, with others, his com
missioners of regency.
Raymund de Puy made the following rules for the order, which were con
firmed by Pope Boniface, in the Sixth year of his pontificate. Poverty, chaftity,
and obedience; to expect but bread and water, and a coarfe garment. The
clerks to ferve in white furplices at the altar. The priefts, in their furplicesj to
cbnvey the hoft to the Sick, with a deacon or clerk preceding them, bearing a
lantern, and the fponge filled with holy water. The brethren to. go abroad by
appointment of the mafter, but never fingly, and to avoid giving offence. No
females to be employed 'for or about their perfons; when 'Soliciting alms, to vifit
ihijo .,; '^7 *- &&& Regis, p, 4. n. (a).
'i--'' a: ... churches

gSf CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
churches or people of reputation, and aSk their food for charity ; if they received
none, to buy .enough for fubflftence; to account for all their receipts to the
mafter ; and he to give them to the poor, retaining only one-third part of provi
sions, the overplus to the poor. The brethren to go foliciting only by permission ;
to carry candles with them ; to wear no ikins of wild heafts, or cloaths degrading
the order. To , eat but twice a day on Wednefday and Saturday; and no fleSh
from Septuagefima till Eafter, except when aged or indifpofed. To Sleep covered.
If incontinent in private, to repent in privacy, and do penance ; if the brother
was discovered, he was to be deprived of his robe in the church of the town, after
mafs, feverely whipped, and expelled from the order; but if truly penitent, he
might be again received.; but not without penan.ee, and a year's expulsion. If
two of the brethren quarrelled, they were to eat only bread and water on Wed
nefday and Friday, and off the bare ground for feven days; if blows paffed, this
difcipline was extended to forty days, and to thofe who went abroad without per
mission. No converfation when eating, or after retiring to the dormitory; and
nothing drunk after the ringing of the Compline. If a brother offended, and did
not amend after the third admonition, he was compelled to walk to the mafter
for correction. No brother to ftrike a fervant. The 22d was a Strange article in
this monaftic code : if a brother died without revealing what he poffeffed, his
money was tied about the body's neck., and it was feverely whipped in prefenceof
the members of the houfe. Maffes were fung .thirty days for deceafed brethren,
and alms given in the houfe. In all decisions to give juft judgement. They
Sung , the epiftle and gofpel on Sundays, made a proceffion, and fprinkled holy
water. If a brother embezzled .money appropriated to the poor, or excited
oppofition to the mafter, he was expelled. When a brothec's conduct was found
to be bad, another to reprove him, but not publish, his faults ; if amendment did
not follow, the reprover was to call the affiftance of others, and ultimately report
his crimes to the mafter, in writing; but thofe accufations were to be fupported,
by proof. The brothers univerfally to wear the crofs on their breafts.
The order was that of St. Auguftine. He that withed for admiflion came
before the chapter on Sunday, and humbly expreffed his hope he might be
received. If no objection was made, a brother informed him that numbers of.
men of confequence had preceded him ; but that he would be entirely deceived
in fuppofing that he Should live luxuriously, for that, inftead of Sleeping, he
would be required to wake, and faft when defirous lo eat, to vifit places he would
father

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN; - 259
rather have' avoided, and, in Short, have no' will of his own; concluding with
demanding whether he. was willing to-do all thofe things. Upon anfwering in the
affirmative, an oath was- administered, by which he bound himfelf never to
enter any other order, declared himfelf a bachelor without having promifed
marriage, that he was free from debt, and a freeman ; that he would live and
die under the fuperior God Should place over him,, to- be chafte and poor,:
and a fervant to the Sick. He that received the new brother then promifed
him bread, water, and coarfe garments,, and a participation in all the: good worka
of the oro en.
The Grand. Mafter was permitted) by the rules of the order, once in five years1
after his election, to give any commandry of grace in a nation where the order
flourished to a knight of the fame country,, without the confent of the council
of the religion..
" Evepy prior and caftylan" might give a vacant commandry within the
precinct of his priory,, without the confent of the great mafter, tlie lieutenant
mafter, or brethren. In all other cafes the gift of commandries belonged to the
grand mafter and convent.
The lieutenant mafter was appointed when the perfon elected grand mafter was*
not prefent at the election ; and he was empowered to exercife all the functions)
belonging to the religion. .
Clement Weft, one of the brethren then at Malta, Writes thus to the prior :
" Right worfchypfull, after all herty, &c. It may be your plefTure to undyr-
ftond,. the whych ys,. the x-vn off the laft paft, dep'tyd thys lyff the gocd Lord'
Maftyr Pryn de Pount; and the xxn off the fame, be elecfyon was chofyn the"
Prior off Tholoze yn Ffrance, gret- maftyr off our relygyon ; and that elexyon-
during,, yt plefyd them be her to fehoofe me ffor regent, whych onor hath
 * byn gyffyn to an Inglyfohman. 3535."
Pope SixfusV. granted a p;rmiSfiom,. dated March 20, 1586, in confequence of
a.petitiomfrom the Grand Mafter, that the rules and ordinances for the bretluen-
fhould be collected and printed. This was done immediately after, either at
Rome or fome other Italian city, and the book embellished with fome very good
engravings, illustrative of. the various officjes of the order ; tcwhich are added fifty-
one heads of grand matters^ the majority of which are entirely fancied, and the
* Burnt-away.;.- perhaps "never before."
Is ' • re^c'

2i>o CLERKENWELL, ST.' JOHN.
reft portraits. As it is impoffible to' follow the fubject to the length which would
be neceffary to make it intelligible, I Shall prefent the reader with the outlines of
the reception of brethren, and conferring the order on the Sifters of the Crofs of
our Lord Jefus Chrift (fee the annexed plate).
The following particulars are felected from one of the Regifters belonging to the
priory of St. John, in the Cotton Library.
In the indenture. of anticipation by John Babington,- 1509, of the preceptories
of Yeveley and Barow in com. Darb. (this memorandum is curious) :
" This bee the pcell of cattell and corne, and of other implements, to be left
by Thomas Babington at the ende of his time within fpecified, or ells the price of
the fame. Of-cattell, xn oxen, price v-111; xn ky'e, price hit1'; a cowe, yeven
by WmBestley to upholde Seynt Johis light, p- 6s. 8.; P, a bull, Vis. vujd. ;
of corne, vi qrters of whete, p- the qr. vs.; vi'qur of rye, p- the qr iiijs.
x qu1 of pefen, p the qr lis. viiid. ; Lxxx bufhels of otes, n-ftryke to -the
bufliell, p. the bufhell ins. od. ; ploughe gere,' vm yrons, price vs. vmd. ;
x owks yroned, ins. mid. ; ij weynes, and the wheles, xnd. ; ij harowes,
wth yrons, prn1'; 11 plowghes, wth eares of yron, p-xxs.; ij clilters xvi d. ;
11 Shares xnd; ij muk oks nrjd. ; 11 payrcof clevys vnjd. ; 11 prykforks
inid. — S". totalis x vnti. vs. injd!"
Clement Weft, whom I have mentioned to refide at Malta, occasioned no tri
fling .commotion in that' ifland, by his ignorance or arrogance, about the year
1535. It will be found he was a man of considerable confequence, from the half-
deftroyed letters preferved in the Cotton Library, which were refcued from the
flames that had nearly deprived the publick of that : antiquarian treafure. I
have ventured to fupply the chafms in fome inftances; they are marked by italics.
The firft is from Wyllyam Terell *, " To the '-Right Hoha'rabull and my fyn-
guller good Lord of Saynt John's yn Ynglond.- ¦ to •
" Honorable and my fynguller good Lord, my deuty remembered, I commend
me unto yor good Lordfship. This is for to advertyfs yor Lordfship y the 4th
September laft paft Syr Clement Weft was depryvd of ye gret croffe ; the
caufs theroff his myfsgovernante agaynfte my Lord Mafter and his Counffell.
Seconly, that' he wafs depryvyd of his brod croffe *by frater fhelyp de Villers, at
that tym the Lev' Mafter. Which wafs down by ye chapter ......

• • • • •

* His penfion at.the Diffolution was 30I. j that of Weft aool, per annum. After

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. • 2ei
After his dethe fra- Perre de Pount, next mafter  hym t'ornyd to hym
his dygnyte, and gave him counfell ordenare, which wafs contrary to the ftylle
of oure relygyon. Wherffore yn the chapter laft paft the moft parte of our
tounges were turned to fupplycaffyon. And-leyghyng tlicryn the Stably fsyng of.
oure relegyon, yr anay one depryvyd by the chapter canot bey tornyd to his
louc-z by no counfel ordynare. So yl at this prefent he is lyftyd of the gret croffe ;
and, by comandement of my Lord M1', is confined yn the Towr ; and wher as I
fuppofe f he will remain and leyghe y< my Lorcle Mafter and he Shouldft waif
for the r'fevance of the Kyng's patent. It is but his excufe," &c. &c. * This
letter is much longer, but too much mutilated to ferve any purpofe. Enough
may be gathered from it to Shew that Weft had enemies ; for Terell has certainly
not fufficiently explained the matter to the prior for any thing like a proper
judgement of the caufe. -Weft writes thus to Henry : " Moft hygh and myghty
Prynce, and moft' drad Sovreign, all due reverens off your umble foget remembryd,
be yt your hygh pleffure to exfept thys fymple  for yn how the Lord Maf
tyr now preffent hath defered my cauze towchyng the offyce off the Torcoplyat
to be ony othyr mad tyll he may know your hygh pleafure. Howbeyt aftyr the
baylyage off the Egle was gyffyn to Raufon, laft trefforer aftyr me, fving your
fubgetty3 would have had lyfens for to act anew," &c. &c. " And for further
pruff of thyr males off late, they fent hethyr for to a deftroyd me a ,pfes beyn
off John Irlond notary abyting at Powlys, yn whych I have red part oft", y' how
be y* fu' parte longyng to the Maftyr ded ys, would not I fchul'd have fyn yt, -
ys a hygh poynt," &c. " Alfo why at the deth off the maftyr he pdonyd thoys
Frenchmen that mad the rebellyon agaynft hym (the grand mafter) & flyu fyx
men. And, feyd the Inglifhman, Ofwald I wyll not, becaufe he undyrwrofe hys
name yn that the Torcop'lyar' ...... fent to hys kyng ageynft me. All thys
co'fyderyd, your hyghnes may pfeyve that mych ontruth hath byn uffyd to me,
for  efe delyng &c meyntenyng off the onor o if your hyghnes & off your.
realme, whych at length fhall apyre on to your graffe. Umbly befeechyng your
hygh graffe to redreffe your moft honqrable lettyrs to the Lord Maftyr & hys
confell yn the favyr off my right — for the whych your umble fobget and orator
befydes dote will always pray to the hygh yn Trynyte for the prefervation &
continuans of your royall. eftat, wyth all your defyres, wyth pdon ffor thys rude
pfumyng for your fey th full fobgets remedy. At Malta, xxviii off March,
A.D- md. xxxv. Clement West f."
* Cotton MSS. Otho C. IX. p. 7 j. t Tbid. p. 105, & feqq.
Vol. UI. LI He

2S2 CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN:
He wrote to the Prior of St. John's, to beg his influence with the King. We*
find too that he had left his' property and revenues, on going abroad, in the
hands of Mr. Brereton, who was arretted by the King's order. In confequence,
Weft's goods were feized with Brereton's. This is the fubject of many applications..
Henry was not inattentive to thefe complaints, and gave orders to the Duke of
Norfolk to write to the mafter and chapter ; which he did, from Greenwich.
He fays, that, having heard of the great rigour ufed to Father Clement Weft, in
depriving him of the office of Turcopuleriatus, he, ffrom the great affection and
favour he bore the true religion,, advifes them, without difficulty, and imme
diately, to reftore him the full and entire poffeflion of the place, and every thing
belonging to it ; and adds, that he gives them full faith and credit that they
will. The above is in French, and inferted in the proceedings of the chapter
at Malta.
"Dedit in fuper" idem frater Joannes Cotton et alias Iras Rdi Prioris Angliso-
ad Rm Magnum Magiftrum, que publice quoque lecte funt, et fie habenf:
Gum quid apud nos, Rme D'ne, quod vel noftre Religionis grave admodurrr.
difpendium refpiciat pre manibus liabeatur, id ex templo tuo & Significa-
tione mei officii effe temper exiftimam ; ut mutantibus non tamen prorfus
dir . . * . . rebus rue prudentie fingularis ope fuccurratur. Rem igitur fie h'eat.
Faucis preteritis diebus, dum illuftriff' princeps DuxNorfolcie ac quamplurimi alii
Regni proceres reg-iis negociisperagentes una adeffent, defratre ClemerrreWeft fermo
incidit, ifque diu protenditur ; caufa quoque cur vinculis' eum detruditUr, tu qd
liactenus detineatur, quare Turcopuleriatus dignitate dejicitur,. accuratiffime fcrvr-
tinatur. Alii aliam fufpicabant caufam. At omnium fere fententia erat id totum -
effectum effe quod clavam (xui regia celantur infignia) prif .... geftari conterr-
debat, etiam infra tuas aedes et palladium inque tue D. prefentia et publicis confiliis.
Id quod jure et prefcripta confueta . . . principi et proceribus, turn Iris turn etiam
nuncio (quibus- perlatum eft) facere potuit. Demum' cum dictam clavam non :
modo vetuit et prohibebat, at ipfum fratrem Clementem regium follieltave-
rit (ut volunt) honorem carceris ptna'  precepit ; quam rem non tantum
in regni et in proeerum dedecus, fed Regis vilipendium peractam effe ; omnes uno
ore unaque voce, iratoque animo, omnes in te ob'nixe excandefcebaht; pofiridieque
. . . regiam veni, ac una cum Chriftianiflimo Regis oratore tuo . . . ducem adivi ; fup-
plicavimus ambo utrum honi confuleret et c . . animadverteret ; cepimus rem ipfam
* Burnt. explicare-|

. CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. .203
explicare ; at paucis accepimus ducis longe obverfum, tamque fidem ilium adhi-
bere Iras ad eum. . . ut aiiorfum diffuadere noftrum non erat. Proinde poft plurima
7 :. . recitata tandem michi perfuafus atque precepit (fi modo Religi . . .) ut
apud T. D. quantum poffem efficere ut dictus frater Clement Weft carcere exi-
matur quamprimum, ftatus ei redintegretur, & Turcopuleriatus donetur. Alioquin
magnum haud dubie imminet Religioni periculum ; quod Deus avertat. Et D.T.
paucis annis incolumen obfervet tuam . . . .ValeatT. D. Rma. Londini, vkal' No-
vembris, m.d.x  D. T. humill' obediens Prior v'ri Prioratus Anglie in eodem,
WiiL'M Weston."
* ' Quibus cum admitatione -auditis, interrogatus eft idem Joftes'Cotton fi fidem
haberi volebat Illmus Dux Nortfokie ecquid . ... fet de tarn turpi et -imfudenti
mendacio f" &c. &c. &c.
Weft muft have come into favour again at Malta, or he would not 'have been
chofen Regent. The laft letter from him is dated March 25, 1539 ; when he begs
he may be permitted to vifit England, for the purpofe of acquainting his Majefty
with matters"" no man elfs Shall know."
The beautiful Regifter before mentioned contains the foundation of the priory,
by Jordan Briffet, baron, fon of Bryan Briffet, in the-time of King Henry the Firft.
Jordan died Dec. 15, and was buried in the chapel ; and his wife May.i.
The church was dedicated to the honour of St. John the Baptift, in March 1085 ;
-" a venerabili.patre Eraclio Dominae Refurrexionis Patriarcha." Qn the fame day
the high altar was confecrated to St. John, another to the bleffed Mary, and one
to -St. John the Evangelift, " ab eodem Patriarcha— Anno Mill1"0 cc nonagefimo,^
x kal' Junii, dedicatum eft Altare in capella ani Prions conftmcta a fratre
Jofeph Chauncey in honore Beate Marie Virginis a venerabile patre Waltro Wa-
terford Epo."
13 14. DnS Gilbertus de Segrave Epus Lond. confecrated an altar in the new
chapel Of the church of the Clerk's fount, in honour of the bleffed Thomas the
Martyr; " et contulit eidem quadraginta dies indulgentie; et alios quadraginta dies"
for -prayers for the foul of John de BrifteleSham."
" Dns JoHes de Langton E'pus Ciceftren fepelivit fratrem Wm de Hampton,
quondam priorem dee Ecclie in eadem Ecctia, et contulit pro anima Sua quadra
ginta dies indulgencie."
" Dns Petrus Epus Coruavenf', quarto kalend' Julij, in vigilia Apoftolor' Petri
et Pauli, A.D. 1327, dedicavit totum cimiterium, ficut eft inclufum, una cum illo
L 1 2 fund©

264' CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
fundo ante valvas F.cctie, cum toto fuhdo in clauftro; et contulit quadraginta dies
indulgentie, A. D. m.ccc octogefimo quinto, 13 kal. Jan. die IVIercurii, l'ra TDo-
minicali A. dedicatum eft Altare in Veftiario in horiore Omn' Sanctor'  Eo
dem An.vi'0 Idus Feb. ded. funt duo Altaria in Corpore dee Ecctie; unumjn ho-
nore Sanctor' Nichi Martiri et Edwardi; et alium in honore Sanctar' Anne,
K 'trine, Margarete, et beate Marie Magdelene."
" Poftea vero, A. D. 1439, quinto die Maij, Ira Dominicali E. novum conftruc-
tum eft See Marie Altare in Ecclefia predicta ; et confecratum p veiibilem patrem
magiftr' Ric' Clerke Epum Roffen' ; et contulit quadraginta dies indulgentie."
"A. 1433. Frater Robertus Malorre, quondam Prior dci 'Hofpitalis, fieri
fecit Capellam in vico Sci Johis, in honore S. Virginum et Martirum Katerine,
Margarete, & Urfule, anno dci prioratus pri mo.
" Anno vero fequenti, xn die menfis Julij, ded' fuit pdea capella, et cimiterium
ejus; et reconfiliatum, in honore d'ear' Scar', p. pfatumven' patrem Ric' Ep.Roffenf."
Chauntries, in the order they are mentioned.
De Capellano inveniendo ad miffam beate Marie pro aia Andree Bukerell.
Andrew Rokere.ll,. as he is called in fome books, was Sheriff in the years 1224
and 25 ; was lord mayor in 123 1 ; and from that time to 1237.
De duobus Capellanis inveniendis pro aia Petri Glilonde, 1242.
De Capellano inveniendo pro aia WiU'i Langforde, A. D. Mill. ccc. tricefimo
fexto. Admiffo Capellani ad cantariam predictam per priorem ecctie 1344.
De numero Capellanor' et clericor' in ecclia. de Clerkenwell, A. D. Millo trice
fimo feptuagefimo primo.
De Cantaria fundata pro aia Robert! Nowell..
De anniverfario annuo fiendo p porem et ffes Dom' Cartuf' pro aia fris Willi
Hulles, 1430.
De fraternitate poris et fr'm Domus Cartuf conceffa fiibus Hofpitalis, 1430.
. De anniverfario celebrand' annuatim <p aiab' por' et preceptor' poratus Anglie.
De anniverfario fiendo pro ai'abus Edwardi Litill' el'ici, et Rogeri Wtiwe armi-
geri, quo die ven' Dms Fr. Walterus Grandon obijt. f ^
Quieta clamacio epi E London' *.
By favour of Mr. Nichols, the priory feal is Shewn in the annexed plate, which
has been engraved from the original matrix in his poffeffion.
* Cotton MSS. Nero E. VI. I have

iSigilluin fci ioliis baptiflae
Ihereefalem. I anglia de derMwelL

-y7'

Tones S- (raAe- Simt.lfoTui. 3HD. 1741.
fNunc ien^t J~. Nichols, Typ.o<yrctfihue.
<5lfD.i8o3.

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. 265
I have -now brought into view the principal facts relating to this once important
priory, and am only forry more original materials have not fallen in my way.
'The articles ufed by Dugdale, &c. I have generally omitted, for obvious reafons.
The Shanleful ufe made of the church during the reign of Henry the Eighth,
for keeping tents, &c. for hunting, muft be heard of with difguft by every good
Chriftian ; and every Antiquary muft deplore the lofs of the grand tower, built
in fo maffy a ftyle that gunpowder was neceffary to demolish, it. The ftones
were fated to find no refting-place, though the Protector Somerfet would have
preferved them for ages in his palace in the Strand. That too hath fallen !
Many of the following particulars are extracted from an historical cafe drawn
up for the infpection of counfel, by Abraham Rhodes, efq. and by him obligingly
fubmitted to my ufe.
The priory being vetted in the Crown, the tower, sbody, and fide ailes of the ,
church, were taken down, 3 Edward VI.; and the choir was, on the 9th of May,
5 James I. granted by him by letters patent, defcribed as follows. " The fcite,
or houfe, of the late Hofpital of St. John of Jerufalem in England, in the county
of Middlefex, and all the fcite, circuit, and precinct, of the fame houfe, having
theron one great manfion houfe and one great chapel, and containing by eftima-
tion five acres, to Ralph Freeman and his heirs, in free and common focage."
The choir paffed by various deeds to many perfons. 10 James I. to Sir
William Cecil Lord Burghley, Son and heir apparent to Thomas Earl of Exeter ;
by whofe daughter, Lady Diana, it paffed in marriage, 5 Charles I. to Robert,
Bruce, afterwards Earl of Elgin *, whofe fon Robert was created Earl of SaliSbury-f~;
from whom the chapel had its name, and in whofe family the eftate continued till
1706, when it was fold by them; and, finally was bought by Simon Michell,
1721-; who was then erecting many houfes in the neighbourhood, particularly
Red Lion- ftreet. He enlarged and repaired the chapel, the North aile of which
had been made a dwelling houfe, and the upper part of the South was ufed as a
library. Michell built the Weft front, and roofed the whole.
1723. Mr. Michell fold the church, vault, veftry-room, &c. all fit for
fervice, with two meffuages fronting St. John's-ftreet, for ,2950!. to the ufe of
13 commiffioners for building 50 new churches.
The nrh of December following, the commiffioners, by deed enrolled in
Chancery, declared and appointed (after confecration) the above chapel a parifh
* Petition to the Houfe of Commons. f See the Regifter of St, Alphage. ' church

266 CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
church for ever; the houfes to be fitted for a rector, .and .the ground for a
cemetery, and pointed ourthe boundaries of the new parifli.
On the 27th of December it was confecrated., and called " St. John's Church,
Clerkenwell, in the county of Middlefex ;" January 23, appointed parifh officers ;
and the 14th of February, with confent of the Bifhop of London, twenty veftry
men, befides the rector and churchwardens. February 27, the new rector, &"c.
offered to treat with the parent parifh for a perpetual division of the parishes..
No notice was taken of this, and two ^other applications. April 29, 1724, Mr.
Michell and his wife fold the commiffioners a meffuage in Red Lion-ftreet for
6-50I. in breadth 20 feet, and the ground 96 feet in length, as, a rectory for the
incumbent. One of the petitions to Parlianient-from'St James's parish complains
that, the income of the rector, of St. John's was greater , than that of their curate;
and estimates the rent of the three houfes to be 60I. or 70I. per annum. This
and other fources, they faid, made upwards of 200I. per annum; which was in
great meafure taken from the mother church.
1725. The rector and churchwardens of St. John's applied to the Court of
King's Bench for a mandamus to St. James's, for a division of the parishes. Re„ '
jetted. 1726. Parliament were petitioned to make provifion for the rector and his
fucceffors. The opposition of St James's was fuccefsful.
1730. A Similar proceeding, and the fame want of fuccefs.
1 73 1. Another application was made for a provifion -for the rectory, out of
the parliamentary fund, houfes, vault, and church-yard, &c. Through the
opposition of St. James's, this alfo failed.
For more than twelve years there werefuits, actions, informations, and man-
, damufes, between the two parifhes, relative to the officers' attempted to be
appointed by the Commiffioners ; the confequence has been, that no others than
churchwardens "have been elected for many years paft.
1736. The church of St. John required repair, and the parifhioners of
St. James were requefted to contribute. They refufed, and refort was had to the
Court of "King's Bench. Since that time the parifhes have repaired each other's
, churches. 1754. Mr. John Michell, fon of Simon, fold a piece of ground in the parifh
, of St. Sepulchre, to truftees, for a burial-ground; which has been coniecrateci,
and uied as fuch, for St. John's parifh. 11.2

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN. 267
The rector received the furplice fees till 1771, when the then curate of St. James
brought an action againft him to recover them. The plaintiff had a verdict in
his favour, fubject to the opinion of the Court. After a folemn argument, the
verdict was confirmed. So that the curate of St. James, by this decifion, is
entitled to all thofe fees, though the rector performs the duty.
The veftry of St. James being Open," the inhabitants of St. John's attend. I add,
with real fatisfaction, that the utmoft harmony prevails between the prefent incum
bents. -
The Church "
is Situated on" the Eaft fide of the fquare, over which it once extended ¦; and fo
completely has every trace of antiquity vanished from this fpot, that the front
would only be taken for a chapel of eafe. It is of brick, with a turret above, a
large door, and five windows.
The Eaft end is the old wall, with three pointed windows, divided by two
mullions, and the upper parts into two ranges of fmall arches *. Two of the
South windows are original,, with 7Slender pillars and neat mouldings for their
outline. And thefe are all the marks of what the choir has been within.
Some of the ragged walls are visible in a miferable court to the South of the
church, where an old. buttreffed. building ftill remains,^ divided into dwelling
houfes. The great buttreffes of the Eaft end are perfect, .but have been repaired.
If all remembrance of its former grandeur were effaced, we Should think the infide
a. good Doric building ; it is certainly convenient and handfome, and was
thoroughly repaired in the year 1800. Having heard of the vaults, or rather
crpyt, beneath the church, I wiShed to- explore them, and accordingly was
accompanied to the entrance by the fexton ; but the horrid fight that lay before
me baniShed all curiofity ; befides, the decaying effluvia- of my fellow-creatures
iffued in fuch deadly Streams towards the dry air, that I was glad to have recourfe
to a phial of lavender-water which the fexton held. Mr. Michell's vault is near
the door; and feveral men were' employed on it : how they bore without injury
the unwholefome damps I am at a lofs to conceive, as it was in July. The coffins
are immerfed in dews, and are piled and wedged into the Shape of the arches*'
Whether there have been windows originally, or whether thefe have always been
* The mullions in the two kaft windows are cut away. vaults

2G8 CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.
vaults for 'the dead, I did not Stay long enough to examine. TJie arches and
groins are Similar to thofe of other Gothic crypts. >
There is but one monument in the church; the infcription as follows: " In a
private and freehold vault, at the South end of this church, are depofited the
rernains of Simon Michell, efq. of this pariSh of St. John's Clerkenwell ; and a
member of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn. Defcended from a family of
that name in Somerfetfhire. Who died Auguft 30, 1750, aged 74. He con
veyed this church to the Commiffioners for building of fifty new churches, by a
deed dated Auguft 23, 1723, and enrolled in Chancery; referving the organ-,
which, with the vault and adjoining houfe, he gave, under conditions, to the
parifh, by his will, dated May 19, 1748. Of Charity Hutton, his wife, who died
March 2, 1745, aged 76. Of Richd Michell, efq. aldn, fon of Simon and
Charity, who died Jan. 3, 1748, aged 44. Of Hannah Hall, firft wife of
J. Michell, efq. fecond fon of S. and C. who died without iffue, Oct. 28, 1749.,
aged 33- Of John Michell, nephew to Simon, who died March 15, 1758,
aged 39. Of Richard Hutton, of Lincoln's Inn, fole brother to Charity, wife of
Simon Michell, efq. who died without iffue, 1723. Of Elizabeth Porter, who
died in 1751, aged 70."
A tablet at the Eaft end, infcribed, " In 1743 Sir George Fettiplace, bart. left
to poor houfe-keepers 50I. Fie alfo left, per annum, 13I. to be laid out, at 5s.
per week, in ten fix- penny loaves." Rectors.

Parry, 1769; refigned 1778.

Edward W. Whitaker, B.A. Feb. 1778; refigned 1789.
Richard Harrifon, M.A. 1790; died 1793. , -
Richard Lendon, M.A. Jan. 27, 1794. Prefent incumbent.
The grand entrance from London is one of the moft perfect remains of s ,
monaftic buildings in London ; and is, indeed, a very majeftie pile, confifting :
of a large arch, with an arched mullioned window above it ; and flanked by two
fquare towers. The arms, &c. beneath the fign of the Jerufalem Tavern were
engraved for the Gentleman's Magazine, fome years paft; and St. John's Gate '
ftill continues to adorn the firft page of that invaluable repository. Many

CLERKENWELL, ST. JOHN.

269

Many a folemn proceffion has paffed this portal, formed by the members of an
Order unrivalled in fplendour and celebrity. It deferves veneration on this
account, as well as on its own intrinsic merit as a building. But there is another
8era in its hiftory worthy of record. This is the place from whence iffued the
early numbers of the Magazine juft mentioned; a publication, which flourishes
with increafed reputation, after a period of feventy-three years continuance. Such
another inftance of deferved patronage from the publick, I prefunie, can hardly
be produced; and what can reflect greater credit on the conductors than this
fact ? Edward Cave was the firft "proprietor and contriver of this Magazine, which
was the earlieft publication of the fort. He was a man of genius, a nam e of Rugby
in Warwickfhire, and died in 1754.
The original frontifpiece, which has fo long been ufed for that work, is here
introduced, by permiffion of the prefent proprietor.

Of the ftreets in this parifh much cannot be faid : St. JohnV is narrow
at the upper, or North, end ; and is rendered difagreeable by the crowds of
cattle and drovers palling to and from Smithfield. There are one or two antient
projecting houfes in it. St. John's lane has a termination that would grace a
better ftreet — the Gate. Red Lion-ftreet is wide and handfome, of fome length,
and confifts of very good houfes.
The fpace before the church is gravelled, and extends fome diftance to the gate.
Many excellent houfes have been built round this dry and pleafant place ; one of
which was long the refidence of Bifhop Burnet.
Vol. III. Mm CRIPPLEGATE,

( 210 )

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
NEWCOURT, in few words, defcribes the ftate of the church: " The dean
and chapter of St. Paul's are ordinaries of this pariSh, proprietaries of the rectory,
and patrons of the vicarage," &c. The profits of the vicarage were returned, in
the year 1636, at $oo\. per annum, and a vicarage houfe.
Chauntries.
" Richard Chaurye gave 4I. per annum to the churchwardens, to find a prieft
to Sing for his foul.
John Swoeder gave lands for the fame purpofe, to the amount of 3I. 15 s. 4d.
per annum ; upon the obit xs. ; and the reft to difcharge the poor of the pariSh,
when it Shall happen, 6$ s. and 4c!.
Alfo, the fame parfon and churchwardens have certain lands within the fame
pariSh, that they call their church land; but they are able to Shew no evidence
to prove the fame, which amounteth to the fum of 4I. 13 s. 4d. per annum.
The fraternity of our Lady and St. Giles, founded by John Ballinger, William
Larke, and Richard Serle, gave unto the mafter and wardens of the faid frater
nity, to find a chaplain, and two lights there, 13I. 17s. 4d. per annum.
William Grove and Robert Heyworth gave unto the fame mafter and wardens,
to find one prieft, and one obit, all their tenements, 12I. 19s. 4d. per annum.
William Brampton gave likewife unto them, for a prieft and obit, iol. 18s. 2d.
Per annum.
Thomas FiSher, William Babe, Richard Copping, and William Marryner, for.
the fame purpofe, 30I. 14s. 4d.
Walter Stocker, and others, gave for obits, 35I. 8s. 8d.
John Lufhington gave, by will, dated in the 12th of Henry VII. to the fame
fraternity, a tavern called the Sun, and one called the Rofe tenement, for a prieft
and. obit *. * foundation of Chauritfies, MS. Britifli Mufeum.
The

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CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. "21 i
The church in which all thofe maffes were fung, we find in a preceding page,
was built by Alfune ; whofe manner of aflifting Rahere may be prefumed to have
been ufed with previous fuccefs in accomplishing this work. The celebrated
curate of St. Sulpice, in Paris, appears to have ftudied thofe legends, and profited
by them. Whether his. patron faint worked miracles for him (as Alfune's certainly
did) I am not furficiently informed to detail. It is moft certain, fine buildings
Were produced in both cafes.
Stowe fays St. Giles was burnt in the year 1545. The tower is an antient and
moft refpectable pile of Gothick architecture, with its graceful arches, uniting
dignity and Strength, both within and without. I will fay nothing of the finish
ing on the fop*. Where the body of the. church can be Seen in its original
ftate, we are inclined to wiSh it had never been confirmed, or needed repair.
Very few places in London afford a fcene equal to the church-yard of St. Giles.
The City Wall -f-, overgrown with grafs, tinged with various-coloured damps ;
fome Stones mouldered to duft, leaving chafms between their more durable neigh
bours ; the circular baftion at the angle, from whence it ranges Eaft and Weft on
one fide, and North and South on the other; the antient hall of the Barber Sur
geons projecting acrofs its foundation to the South ; Lamb's chapel to the North ;
the tower and the church.. The tombs of the wealthy, and the humble heaps of
the poor, all combine to recall paft ages before us, and occafion many melancholy
yet grateful reflections.
To the late Rev. Mr. G. W. Hand I have been indebted for the inspection of
fome records, and the PariSh Regifters.
During the Civil War in the time of Charles the Firft, the Veftry of this pariSh
had been general ; but as the population was great, and numbers attended, the
firft opportunity was feized, on the reftoration of order, to call a general meeting
of the inhabitants, which accordingly was held on the 3d of April, 1659 • wheu it
was clearly .carried by hands, " That the veftry fhould be held in manner as it
was in 1640, and time out of memory before."
In the fame year, after Michaelmafs, the military were forbid any longer to
be trained in the church-yard, as had been the practice fome time before.
The churchwardens were ordered at this time, on the receipt of any donation.
to the amount of jq1.. to add it to the legacy of James Glaffebrooke, efq. ; th?
intereft to be difpofed of in the purchafe of cloathing for poor children.
* See the plate. t See the fame view.
Mm 2 l66a-

272 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
1.662. A wall was erected round the church-yard, near Allen's alms-houfes.
It was fix feet in height, and one brick and an half thick ; for which the brick
layer had 40s. per rod ; and a gratuity of 50s. on completing his work.
The following order will Shew one of the innovations of Fanaticifm.
" 29 April, 1662. That the ould font to baptife children in, that hath been
removed feverall yeares paft, Should be fett up in the ould place where it was
placed and ftood tyme out of mynd."
The fame year a piece of ground near Crowder's well was taken, on leafe of the
City, for a burial-ground ; for which they paid a fine of 120I. But it does not
appear whether there were any further terms. It was confecrated foon after by
the BiShop of London.
This pariSh confifted of two divisions, that of the Freedom, and the other of
the LordShip (of FinSbury) on the 9th of June, 1663. Two men were chofen,
wh© refided out of the pariSh, for each, to confer on the propriety of erecting a
church for the Lordfhip : and Dean Dolben was to decide finally on the fubject.
I find no account of their proceedings.
Some idea may be formed of the ftate of " Crowley's" well at, this period, from
an order " that the ftone ftepps be' made new."
Thofe fteps coft 5I. and the value Of the old ftone. At the fame time .the well
was furrounded by new potts and rails, to prevent accidents. An idea prevailed
that the water of this well was particularly healing to difeafed eyes, and that the
ufe of it would reftore an intoxicated perfon to his fenfes fooner than any other.
Stowe fays, there was a water conduit Eaft of the church, which came from
Highbury; and that Whittington, mayor, made a " boffe" of water in the
church wall, On the bank of the Town Ditch, near the parfonage, he adds,
was a fpring, arched over with ftone by Whittington.
Hence we find the pariSh was well fupplied with that excellent element many
years previous to Sir Hugh Middleton's memorable work.
It was theTortune of this pariSh to fuffer in a dreadful manner from- the plague
in the year 1603: 180 were buried from January to June, 79 in June, 589 in
July, 966 in Auguft, 679 in September, 208 in October, 68 in November, and
31 in December.
I cannot refift transcribing. theTbllowing affecting extracts from an old publica
tion, intituled, " The wonderful Yeare 1603, wherein is fliewed the Pidture of
London lying ficke of the Plague." " Never did the Englifh nation behold fo much
blacke worne as there was at her funerall (Queen Elizabeth's). It was but then put on

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 273
on to try if it were fit. For the great day of mourning was fet downe in the
booke of Heaven to be held afterwards." " A ftiffe and freezing horror fucks up
the rivers of my blood. My haire Stands an ende, with the panting of my
braines. Mine eye-balls are ready to ftart out, being beaten with the billowes of
my teares. For he that durft in the dead houre of glomy midnight have been
fo valiant as to have walkt through the ftill and melancholy ftreets, what thinke
you Shoulde have been his muficke ? Surely the loude grones of raving tick men ;
the ftrugling panges of foules departing ; fome frahtickly running to knock up
fextons ; there others fearfully fweating with coffins to fteale forth dead bodies,
leaft the fatall hand-writing of Death Should feale up their doores *. And, to make
this difmall contort more full round aboute him, bells heavily tolling in one place,
and ringing out in another. The dreadfulneffe of fuch an houre is inutterable.
And in this manner do the tedious minutes of the night Stretch oute the forrowes
of ten thoufand. It is now daye. Let us looke forth, and try what confolation
rises with the fun. Not any, not any ; for, before the jewel of the morning be
fully fet in filver, hundred hungry graves ftand gaping ; and every one of them
(as at a breakfaft) hath fwallowed downe ten or eleven lifelefs carcafes. Before
dinner, in the fame gulfe, are twice fo many more devoured. And, before the
Sun takes his reft, thofe numbers are doubled."
Speaking of the parifh clerks, " Amongft which worme-eaten generation, the
three bald fextons of lymping -j- St. Gyles, St. Sepulchre's, and St. Olave's,
rulde the hoft more boldly than ever did the Triumviri of Rome."
1665. The clerk died of the plague ; and from that circumftance it appears,
that " Dr. Prichett, the vicar," notwithftanding his riches, and the fervice they
mi°lit have been of to his parifhioners, fled to his country houfe, from whence
he fent a letter of appointment for the office to Thomas Lurkeyn.
The lower church-yard was raifed two feet in confequence of the interments.
It w^s ordered in the enfuing January,. " That, whereas, in this late vifitation of
the plague, wherewith, for the fins of this kingdom, Almighty God hath beene
pleafed to vifit this Citty of London, and. other parts of this realme, and in an
efpecial manner this our parifli of Cripplegate, whereby fuch multitudes have
dyed, that our church-yards are now almoft fo. filled' with dead corpfe's," as to be
incapable of receiving more, &c. they appointed a committee, to treat for houfes
and ground, in Church-yard-alley, in order to extend the burial-places.
* The Sign of the Crofs affixed, to infected. houfes,. with -which all communication was prevented
Uy guards.
f A'lluding to the term Cripplegate-.
The

£74 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
The fire of 1666 did not reach the church, but the pariSh were Sufferers in
other places ; for it was ordered, Sept. 8, 1668, " That thofe giftes that were
burnt in the late difmall fire, to the amount of 46I. 15 s. 4d. per annum, fhould
be made good from others enumerated."
1669. The free-fchool at Bunhill coft 230I.
1672. " Mrs. Charnock Shall have thanks given her, for her affection, in
beftowing a faire organ upon the pariSh church of St. Giles ; and that fome
convenient place Shall be found for fetting it up." The double duty of organift
and fexton was performed by James "Brookes, who was " chofen by the King's
Majefties letter." It was provided, that if he did not, or could not play, he
fhould find an organift. This man paid iol. per annum to the old fextonefs.
Whether he died or refigned I cannot fay ; but two perfons were chofen fextons
the fucceeding year, who allowed an organift 20 1. per annum. Their own falaries
are not mentioned.
1678. It was ordered, that whatever forfeitures arofe from not burying in
woollen, Should be divided among the poor. The act enjoining this paffed this
year. Dec. 15, 1681. A committee was appointed " to difcourfe with the workmen,
concerning yc rebuilding of the vicarage houfe."
On the 19th the veftry agreed to rebuild it at their own expence.
Jan. 31. The committee had full powers given them to conclude with work
men, according to a draft brought in by Dr. Edward Fowler, " by one Taylor,
a carpenter." And eight perfons were appointed as truftees for the poor, "for
fuch houfes and lands as Shall be made over by our vicar, and the deane and
chapter of St. Paul's, London, in confideration of their rebuilding the vicarage."
Dr. Bennet, in confequence of a difpute refpecting the Queft houfe and others-,
drew up the following cafe, as an appeal from the Lord Chancellor's decree.
" The premiffes in difpute were, 1. A meffuage commonly called the Queft-
Houfe. 2. Four Shops. 3. Four tenements commonly called Pine's Houfes.
*' The General Veftry of the pariSh of St. Giles without Cripplegate having
ufurped thefe premiffes, Dr. Fowler, late biShop of Gloucefter, and then vicar
of Cripplegate, difcovered that the four fhops, and Pine's Houfes, belonged to
the Vicar, and accordingly claimed them.
" The Veftry finding the title was in the Vicar, took a leafe thereof from the
Vicar, dated May 2, 1682, for a term of 40 years, at the yearly rent of 2 s. : the
confideration of which leafe was, that they fhould rebuild the vicarage houfe.
" Afterwards

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 275
" Afterwards Bifhop Fowler difcovered that the Queft Houfe did alfo belong
to him as vicar. And the veftry, finding that his claim was juft, took a leafe
thereof from the vicar, dated June 20, 1684, f°r a term °f 4° years, at the
yearly rent of 2s.
" The faid BiShop, in consideration of the furrender of the two former leafes
(and, as it has been fworn in this caufe, though it is not mentioned in the deed,
in confideration of the fum of 19]. 3s. 6d. paid to him) granted to the veftry a
leafe of all the premiffes (which are of the value of 130I. a year) and likewife of
two rooms of the Caftle Tavern, let for 20I. a year, dated Dec. 13, 1700, for a
term of forty years, at the yearly rent of 4s. ; in which leafe there are 16 truftees,
and Mr. Lowth, one of the new refpondents, and the manager of this caufe, is
one of them.
" In this leafe it is covenanted, that the Bifhop and his fucceffors, vicars of
Cripplegate, fhall, by the faid truftees, be indemnified from all parifh and ward
rates, &c. which cannot in the whole (by any fair affeffment)- amount communibus
annis to more than 4I. a year to the vicar's Share.
" It is alfo provided therein, that the rents and profits iffuing from the faid
eftate fhall be received and applied unto and by fuch perfons, and in fuch manner, ai
the General Veftry of the faid parifh fhall order.
" And it is alfo provided, that if the faid truftees, their executors and admini
ftrators, fhould not at all times during the faid term, free, acquit, difcharge,,
fave harmlefs, and keep indemnified,, the faid Bifhop and his fucceffors, vicars
of Cripplegate, from all'manner of poors' rates, and other parifh and ward rates,
and duties whatfoever, that then and in fu.h cafes, it fhould be lawful for them, into
the faid demifed premiffes to reenter,, and the fame to have again, retain and repojfefs,,
as in his and their former eftate ; and the faid truftees, their executors and adminiftra*
tors, and all other tenants and occupiers of the premiffes, thereout and therefrom utterly.
to expel and amove.
" The faid Bifhop Fowler was but once rated to the poor in all his time ; viz.
in 1714; but he dyed on the 27th of Auguft in that year, and never paid the
money. " Dr. Whitfeld fucceeded him, and was rated to the poor as foon as he came
to the parifh. He was arrefted for the money in a moft provoking manner ; but
as they were hurrying of him away to Newgate, a neighbouring gentleman, being.
moved with the barbarity of his treatment, lent him the money, to prevent his
immediate imprifonment. "Di..

276 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
" Dr. Whitfeld afterwards applied to the truftees and General Veftry, to be
indemnified in virtue of the leafe ; and particularly Mr. Lowth was then prefent
in veftry. But they all refufed to indemnify him.
" Dr. Whitfeld went to counfel thereupon : but before any thing. material was
done, he dyed.
" The Appellant, Dr. Bennet, fucceeded, and was immediately rated in a moft
extravagant manner. The officers got a warrant to take him for non-payment ;
fo that he could not go about his parochial bufinefs (in the LordShip part of the
parifli) without endangering his liberty, They hunted him thus for about five
months. He often applied to the truftees and the General Veftry (Mr. Lowth and
other complainants being prefent) who always had the money at command to
indemnify him, according to the provifo above recited. But the General Veftry,
and particularly Mr. Lowth, defired him to enter upon the eftate, for they would not
indemnify him.
" The Appellant, being accordingly forced to pay the rates, brought his eject
ment in the King's Bench, in Trinity Term, the 4th of his Majefty's reign. The
churchwarden and his accomplices (having been affured, that if they would-
maintain the fuit, to wreft the eftate out of the Vicar's hands, they fhould be paid
cut of the poors' rates') pleaded, and infifted that the fee Simple of the premiffes
was in the parifh, and not in the Vicar. The caufe came on to be tryed in
Trinity Term : but one of the Appellant's material witneffes (though fubpcenaed)
did not appear ; and therefore, by the direction of the judge, a juror was with
drawn. In Michaelmas Term the caufe was again brought to tryal, and a view
was directed. In Hilary Term the caufe was finally heard ; at which tryal, and
the others before mentioned, the Appellant's title was denied, and an oppofite
title in the pariSh fet up and infifted on : nor was any one thing befides infiSted on
by the Defendants. But the Appellant clearly proving that the title was in the
Vicar, obtained a verdict on Jan. 28, 171 8.
" On the 3d of February following, the Appellant met the General Veftry; and
(being willing, if poffible, to win their hearts by a generous action, and to enjoy
peace with his pariSh, which thofe proceedings had put into a great flame) he
offered of his own accord, to reconvey to them that eftate, which they had not
only forfeited, but defired the Appellant to enter upon, and which he had accord
ingly recovered, as aforefaid ; and propofed that a committee of veftry Should be
appointed to treat with him for that purpofe* And a committee of ten perfons was

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 277
was accordingly chofen by the faid Veftry to confer with him about the terms of
the reconveyance.
" While the Committee were treating with him, a defign was formed by the
fame fet of perfons to opprefs him in the land-tax ; and they gave but, as is
proved in the caufe, that if they could not come at him by the poors' rate, they would
be even with him upon the land-tax. He therefore propofed to the Committee,
that himfelf and his fucceffors Should be indemnified, in cafe they were charged
above what Bifhop Fowler paid to the faid tax, though even that was far more
than the Vicar's juft proportion. And farther to oblige the parifh, he on the
other hand contented to give up his pretentions to two rooms of the Caftle Tavern,
let for 20I. a year; and alfo to make them a good title to a building, called Pratt's
Building, which the Parifh had ufurped, in prejudice of the Vicar, many years.
" Accordingly the Committee, having after many conferences agreed with the
Appellant, drew up and figned the Agreement hereunto annexed.
" This Agreement was read in General Veftry on June 2, 1719 ; and approved
and ratified by a great majority.
" Afterwards Mr. Deputy Feaft and Mr. Lowth (the manager of this caufe)
were chofen truftees, and undertook the truft, to execute writings in purfuance of
the faid Agreement.
" Writings were accordingly drawn, and executed by the Appellant ; and the
confirmation of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, who are both patron and
ordinary, was annexed.
" In confidence that Mr. Feaft and Mr. Lowth would alfo execute the faid
writings, the Appellant figned the new leafe of the Caftle Tavern from the City
of London, thereby quitting all claim to it in purfuance of the firft article of the
Agreement aforefaid.
" When this was done, Mr. Feaft and Mr. Lowth, having obtained their ends,
and being refolved to expofe the Appellant to the fury of his enemys, would not
execute the Writings.
" Wherefore the Appellant fet them a peremptory day, on which they abfo
lutely refufed to execute the fame. He then acquainted the General Veftry with
it, and defired them to take care of it, and fet them a peremptory day ; viz. the
s8th of September, 1719. But the Veftry returned no anfwer, nor took any care
of the matter.
Vol. III. Nn ''Where-

278 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
" Whereupon, the Veftry and the Truftees continuing obftinate, the leafe
lately made for the benefit of the Parifh was refigned to the Dean and Chapter of
St. Paul's; and the Appellant granted a new leafe, dated March n, 1719, to Mr.
William Hunt ; which leafe the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's confirmed.
" Afterwards, in Trinity Term, 1720, the Truftees in the leafe of 1700, get
ting the Veftry to join with them, exhibited a bill in Chancery againft the
Appellant, and prayed to be reftored to the poffeffion of the premiffes, upon the
terms of the leafe of 1700.
" On May 10, 1 721, this caufe being at iffue, came to be heard before the
Right Honourable the Lord Fligh Chancellor of Great Britain, who ordered and
decreed, " That, upon the Plaintiff's reimburfing the Appellant what he had paid for parifh
and ward rates, and what he had laid out in the aforefaid fuit of law, the Appellant
fhould execute, to fuch perfons as Jhould be named by a general veftry of the faid parifh,
a new leafe of the premiffes, for the refidue of the term of the faid former leafe, and to
deliver poffeffion accordingly. But his Lordfhip did not think fit to give cofts in equity
on either fide.
" Againft this decree the Appellant brought his Petition and Appeal, and
prayed that the fame might be reverfed."
1682. The fteeple was raifed fifteen feet, cafed, and had a new clock and
chimes. A gallery was erected in the church at the fame time.
1699. The pariSh was profecuted in the King's Bench for not keeping the
highway in Old- ftreet (Middlefex part) in proper repair. They were fined 160I.;
to be levied only on the London portion, as the others had paid their
affeffment. " Feb. 7, 1700. Ordered, that, in confideration the BiShop of Gloucefter * hath
a long time, at his own charge, provided a lecturer in this pariSh, and been other-
wife kind and bountifull to the fame, that the chancel of this parifh church be
forthwith put in good repair at the charge of the parifh."
In the year 1704, the pews, altar-piece, and communion-table, were all demo
lifhed and replaced. The overplus money provided for repairs, with a collection
made for the purpofe, were to be applied in procuring a new organ. The old one
* Dr. Fowler, who died in 1^14, and was buried sit Hendon. was

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 279
wa« therefore ordered down, and given in part payment for its fubftitute. Mr.
Harris contracted to build one, and keep it in repair, for 400I.
The antient font, that had " ftood tyme out of memory,". gave place to a new
one. The veftry made a prefent of a piece of plate, value five guineas, to Mrs.Walker,
for the ufe of a chapel during thefe repairs ; and two guineas to her fervants.
Edward Lord BiShop of Gloucefter, vicar, reprefented to the veftry, in 1708,
that he was grown fo extremely infirm and old, he could no longer preach on a
morning ; and having a large family, with but fmall profits from the vicarage,
together with having provided a lecturer for 25 years paft at his own charge, he'
now entreated them to elect one themfelves. Which they did (Mr. Sayer), with
many acknowledgements for his LordShip's fatherly conduct towards them.
What can be more gratifying, in the whole circle of my fubjects, than this
and the preceding testimonies of reciprocal good offices between the vicar
and his parifhioners ?
171 1, Sept. 11. A committee was named, to fix on a piece of ground for
building one or more churches, according to act of parliament. It had been
modeftly decided, on the 8th, that one new church for the Freedom, and two
for the Lordfhip, would be fufficient.
On the 15th, plans were ordered to be taken of the Ironmongers' ground in
Old-Street, and of Mr. White's in Whitecrofs-ftreet, for the infpection of the
Commiffioners for building fifty new churches.
1715. They petitioned the above gentlemen that one church might be erected
in the Lordfhip. And Dr. Whitfield was very humanely requefted to ufe his
influence in obtaining permiffion that poor labourers of this parifh Should be
preferred in building it.
The leafe of the back part of the Caftle Tavern, and part of the church-yard,
was renewed, at a rent of 20I. per annum, and a fine rjf as many pounds, for 30
years, from the City of London.
1726. A propofal was made (and accepted) by Abraham Jordan, organift, to
take the organ to pieces, the builder having left it in a very imperfect ftate, and
repair it gratis, on condition of having his falary fecured to him for 21 years.
In the year 1732 the veftry was divided, in confequence of the act of the 7th
George II. making that part of the parifh Northward a feparate and distinct
pariSh, called " St. Luke's, Middlefex."
Nn 2 1757-

280 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
1 757. The pariSh of St. Luke granted a leafe of the workhoufe in Moor-lane
to St. Giles's pariSh, at 4I. per annum, clear of taxes, for 01 years.
1782. The Rev. G. W. Hand, A.M. vicar of St. Giles, granted a leafe of
ground in Floxton field for a workhoufe, at 18I. per annum, clear of taxes, for
99 years. At the fame time the old leafe from St. Luke's to St. Giles's was
renewed for 99 years, at 4I. per annum.
It appears from an old manufcript in the Mufeum, that this parifh was in the
annual receipt of 200 1. for charitable purpofes in 1680.
In the year 1710 there were one church, one chapel, three PreSbyterian meetings,
three Anabaptift meetings, and three Independent meetings ; feven thoufand
one hundred families, forty-two thoufand fix hundred perfons, in this parifh.
1 71 2. Upwards of fix thoufand individuals were employed in the manufacture
of gold and Silver. '
Three thoufand nine hundred and thirteen houfes, of which 2600 were
affefled. Poor rates 4000 1. per annum. Three Shillings in the pound in 1742.
This parifh contained in 1800, 1,509 inhabited houfes, 3,118 families, 28 un
inhabited houfes, 5,496 males, 5,950 females, 11,446 perfons.

Parish Lands.
Sir Benjamin Maddox, bart. gave them an eftate in Hertfordshire, containing
25 acres, 3 roods.
Mr. Edward Dearmer gave fome houfes atDagenham, 3 acres, 2 roods, 17 perches.
An eftate at Stoughton, Leicestershire, confifts of 3 22 acres, 3 roods, 24 perches;
valued, 1771, at 3 1 7I. 19s.
Sir John Tanner, knt. gave, by will, dated 1633, to ten parifhes, a fum of
money. 238 acres, 1 rood, 3 perches, were purchafed in Suffolk. This parifh
was one of the ten.
They have 272 acres, 6 roods, 7 perches, at Longley, in Gloucestershire, in
common with 23 parishes, given by Henry Smith, efq.

The

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 281
The Inside of the Church
is formed by a nave and fide ailes, the pillars cluttered, and the arches pointed.
The roof was altered in the repairs of 1791 ; and, though the architecture certainly
difagrees with the lower parts of the building, it is light, and much improved.
The altar-piece is very rich in carving and gilding. The grape-vines and
blades of wheat are entwined with much tafte, and the pelican and opened
Bible are pleafingly arranged among the pilafters. Over it, near the cieling, is a
window of painted glafs, reprefenting the defcent of the Holy Ghoft, with a bor
der of cherubim and fleecy clouds. This defign wants effect, from a deficiency
in the colouring. The drawing is very correct.
The pavement before the altar is of black and white marble ; the rails of brafs,
unufually elegant.
The font, of veined marble, with a curious carved wooden cover in imitation
of a Corinthian temple, ftands within a handfome railing, at the Weft end of the
nave. The pulpit and reading-defk are on the South fide of the nave, near the chan
cel. Thefe are neciffarily like numbers of others in the general outline, and cer
tainly not inferior to any I have feen, both in the defign and the rich carvings.
The organ is very large, and in an elegant cafe, at the Weft end.
Two galleries range Eaft and Weft, befides that belonging to the organ.
Thofe, however ufeful, greatly darken the church.
I was not a little furprifed to hear, that numbers of perfons vifit the chancel to
view the monument of Conftance Whitney, whofe effigies (a very pleating figure)
is reprefented as riling, in her winding-Sheet, from the tomb, at the Day of
Judgement, under the idea that it is a lady who recovered from her trance, and
returned to her family, after burial.
The tablet to Fox the martyrologift, who died the 18th of April, 1587, and
that of Speed the Hiftorian, together with all the other antient monuments, are
clean, frefh painted, and varniihed.
The tomb of Mrs. Fland contributes in a very high degree to adorn the chancel;
and, when feen through the pillars, with the adjoining altar, has indeed a grand effect.
A fringed crimfon curtain hangs, in many beautiful folds, from a pointed arch
on the Eaft end of the South aile. And beneath it is the monument by Banks *,
whofe Skill, and the grace of the figures, cannot be too much admired. I pre-
* Mr. Pennant inattentively afcribes it, to Bacon.
fume

282 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
fume it is intended to reprefent the lady expiring in the arms of her hufband, for
the body lies lifelefs on the knees of a figure. The tender expreffion of pity in
his countenance, and that liftlefs falling of the limbs peculiar to death, are moft
admirably expreffed in the body of the deceafed. There is, befides, a bas-relief
of a boy cutting down a lily.
" To the memory of Anne Martha Hand, wife of George Watfon Hand, M.A.
vicar of this parifh, who died, after a few hours illnefs, July the 5th, 1784,
aged 38. By the prudence of her conduct, by the fweetnefs of her temper, and
the unaffected piety'of her heart, amidft times of diffipation, and in the pofleffion
of youth, beauty, and fortune, an example of domeftic and religious excellence.
" For worth fo dear the eternal tear might flow,
And love would fanctify an huSband's woe ;
But truth the record of that worth difplays,
And takes from forrow what it gives to praife ;
The alternate claims his grateful heart divide,
And Memory's mifery is Affection's pride."
She was a very amiable woman, daughter of Jofeph Dickinfon, efq. of Tottenham.
On the fame wall a tablet :
" Near this ftone are depofited the mortal remains of a Sincere Chriftian,
Thomas Strong, F. A. S. many years veftry-clerk of this parifh ; who departed
this life Nov. 19, 1794, aged 58 ; he lived much beloved, and died truly
lamented by an affectionate wife, near relations, and many friends. Piety and
univerfal charity were his delight; with a firm truft in a joyful refurrection."
Near it :
" A memorial of Thomas Stagg, attorney at law, veftry-clerk of this parifh
from the 8th day of March, 1731, to the 19th day of February, 1772; on which
day he died, in the 76th year of his age. That is all."
On the South fide of the altar, a tablet to the memory of dame Elizabeth, wife
of Francis Jofeph Pahud de Vallangin, M. D. Coll. Reg. Med. London, 1777;
and two children.
The following is infcribed on a fquare tablet of marble near the above :
" I look for the refurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.
William Whitfield."
" Catharine Whitfield was eminent for virtue, piety, conjugal affection. In
all things worthy fuch an hufband."
On

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES, 285
Cn the South wall of the church are two monuments.
, . i. " Gul. Buckley vivens digniff. cosevo fibi caro T. Brianus,
ob infractam amicitiam, 1727.
APETAI KPEI220NE2 ESEISI MOPOT."
2. " Mr. William Pinder, 1784.
His daughter, Elizabeth Pinder, 1783, aged 19.
Early, bright, transient, chafte as morning dew;
She Sparkled, was exhaled, and went to Heaven."
The floor of the inclofure for the font partly covers feveral large ftones, having
on them feven lozenges, each containing a Sheld, on which have been brafs plates.
On the pavement of the South aile is this well-meant effufion :
" Elizabeth Bticklee, 1790. Prepare for this change. Thou canft not tell
when thy looking eye will Shut for ever. From here 'tis plain youth hath no
furety. Think on this event. What thou doft lay up for it will be a precious
treafure to thee, when thy foul with all its keeneft faculties muft travel. Whither?
Haft thou not thought ? — If not — let not a moment pafs thee. At that time thou
wilt know a moment's value."
" Abraham Dubois, efq. 1789. Mary Elizabeth Dubois, 1791.
Francis Strong, 1784, an inhabitant of this parilh 59 years; Elizabeth Strong, 1787.
Thomas Strong, efq. F. S. A. veftry-clerk of this parifh 20 years, 1794.
Francis Strong, of the Cuftom-houfe, 1798.
Directly before the fteps of the altar, William Whitefield, D. D. vicar of this
parifh, 1716; his wife Catharine, 173- (-worn)
" H. S. E. Reverendus vir Johannes Bacon, LL.D. filius Edmundi Bacon de
Gillingham in agro Norfolciae, (the remainder worn out)
"  Nicolls, 1730. Anna Gulielma Nicolls, 1753.
Gulielmus Nicolls, S.T. P. Col. Magld. Cantab. olimPraefes; Ecclef. hujufce
dein Viearius ; 1774*
Sarah Nicolls, relict of Samuel Nicolls, M. A. and prebendary of Lincoln, 1751.
William Henry Nicolls, M. A. rector of Stoke Newington, 1767.
And Samuel Nicolls, 1769.
Thomas Ruffell, efq. who died 24 Jan. 1731, in the year of his Shrievalty for
London and Middlefex. Henry

28* CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
Henry Grace, efq. late of Tottenham, 1798.
Thomas Silverton, 1724; his wife, 1733.
Lucy Todd, 1798. Jofeph J ackfon, 1799. Ann Knight, 1799."
Nave.
" Charles Cooling, 1761. Thomas Cox, 1780.
Henry Banner, common-council man of this ward, 1784.
John Banner, common-council man and deputy of this ward, 1788.
Benjamin Geary, 1785. Judith Freeman, 1785. William Freeman, 1795.
" To the memory of Mr. Flenry White, Steward of Bethlehem Hofpital ; whofe
exemplary life was distinguished and adorned by the virtues of the affectionate
hufband, the tender parent, the firm unfhaken friend, the humble and fubmiflive
Chriftian; and whofe zeal in the caufe of the helplefs and diftracted objects
entrufted to his charge entitles him to thofe distinctions which belong to the
facred name of the patriot. He died the 23 Aug. 1785, aged 56."
Mary, his wife, 1785. John Lowe, 1787.
" In memory of Mr. Dangerfield Taylor, gent, who was many years an inha
bitant of this pariSh, and treafurer of the boys' charity fchool belonging to this
parifli; who, by his will, bequeathed feveral charitable legacies. Died 1788,
aged 74.
Mrs. Pavey Poultney, 1792.
Under the organ gallery, Martha Macafcree, 1771.
John Flower, 1772. Elizabeth Flower, 1785.
Elizabeth Spode, 1782. Elizabeth Harris, 1787.
John French, 1790. ,
Robert French, deputy of this ward, 1791. Elizabeth French, his wife, 1795.
Mafter Campbel, 1797. Mifs Elizabeth Woodfell, 1799.
And under the tower lies John Moore, 1722."
The admirers of Milton have been gratified by the erection of a beautiful '
tablet and buft on a North pillar of the middle aile. The liberality of
the donor has been equalled by the Skill of the artift — Bacon. It confifts of a
tablet of White marble, fculptured with the flaming fword, and wily ferpent,
whofe mouth contains the fatal apple. To relieve the finely-wrought buft, a plain
tablet of polifhed black marble has been placed behind it. The infcription is,
" John Milton, author of ParadifeLoft, born Dec. 1608 ; died Nov. 1674.
His father, John Milton, died March 1646. ^
Thev were both interred in this church. Samuel Whitbr ead fofuit."
y THE-

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 285
THE REGISTERS.
Marriages.
1667-8, Feb. 4. Sir William Harvey, knt. and the Ladie Cordelia Anftey. ',
1613, Aug. 11. John Molyneaux, knt. and the Ladie Anne Fuljambe.
1618, Dec. 1. Sir Thomas Parker, knt. and the Lady Philadelphia Leonard.
1620, Aug. 22. Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Boucher.
The rancour of party often eclipfes truth : but in the effufions of party fpleen
truths fometimes meet the day, which friends would palliate, or entirely fupprefs ;
for this reafon I Shall let .three fpectators of the tragi ck fcenes acted about Crom
well's time fpeak for themfelves, and poffibly, by exercifing a little caution, the
reader may raife the bright maid from the depth of her well.
A diminutive publication, dated 1659, printed for Edward Thomas, at the
Adam and Eve, in Little Britain, gives " A Portraiture of his Royal Highnefs,
Oliver, late Lord Protector, &c. in his Life and Death." "A Defcription of his
Standing and lying jn State at Somerfet-houfe ; and the Manner of his Funeral
Solemnity, on Tuefday November 23." This book has a frontifpiece, reprefent
ing his effigies, in royal robes, crowned, with the emblems of fovereignty in the
hands, and at his feet a helmet and breaft-plate. An angular canopy above, is
ornamented with three crowns, on as many pannels ; and- the fides of the fteps
are bounded by tapers and banners.
The "Portraiture" defcribes Oliver as of an antient and honourable family,
Situated in the county of Huntingdon, in the principal town of which he was born,
April 25, U99. " In his childhood he difcovered many, clear glimpfes of thofe
growing qualities and endowments which afterward rendered him fo confpicuous
in the eyes of all the world ; asj a quick and. lively apprehenfion, a piercing and
fagacious- wit, a folid judgements, and a deep forefight into the probability of
future events." This promising infant, received a private education ; after which
he was fent to Cambridge,, and from thence to. Lincoln's Inn, " where he affoci-
ated himfelf with thofe. of the leaft. rank and quality;" and, " though he was not
averfe to contemplation, yet he rather preferred converfation ;" by which he read
inen in preference to . their works. In this commendable purfuit we will leave the
Mr. Cromwell of his panygerift, and attend to the Loyalist, remarking the effen-
tial difference between the accounts of the " Portraiture" and " Flagellum, or the
Life and Death, Birth, and Burial, of Oliver Cromwell, the late Ufurper, faith-
Vol. III. O o fully

28$ CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
fully defcribed." — " Flagellum," printed for Randal Taylor, at the Crown, Little
Britain, 1672, has an indifferent portrait of him, in armour; and under it is,
' ' Cromwellus ducitur unco
Spectandus; gaudent omnes-, quae labra! quis 'Mi
Yultus erat ! — Nunquam, fi quid mihi credis, amavi
Hunc heminem." Juvenal, Sat. x. 66 — 69.
" He was born and defcended of a very antient knightly family of his name, in
the county of Huntingdon ; where for many ages they have had a very large and
plentiful ' patrimony. It will fuffice therefore to deduce hira from no further
originals than Sir Henry Cromwell,, his grandfather, a gentleman highly ho
noured and beloved both in court and country ; who had iffue, Sir Oliver, his-
eldeft forx, Henry, Robert, Richard, and Sir Philip, the youngeft (whofe
fon, upon fufpicion of poifoning his mafter, a lawyer, was accufed there
upon, and convicted, and hanged, fome ^ years ago). This our Oliver Crom
well was fon of Mr. Robert Cromwell, the third fon of Sir Henry, a gentleman^
who went no lefs in efteem and reputation than any of his ancestors, for his-
perfonal worth, till his unfortunate production of this his fon and heir ; whom he
had by his wife Elizabeth Steward, the niece of Sir Robert Steward.
" He was born April 25, in St. John's pariSh, in the town of Huntingdon, and
was chriftened the 29th of the fame month, A. D. 1599, where Sir Oliver Crom
well his uncle gave him his name, being received into the bofom of the church;
by her rites and ceremonies ; both which he afterwards rent and tore, and ungra-
cioufly and impioufly annulled and renounced."
" Flagellum" defcribes him as peevifh in infancy, and indulged by a fond mother
till the habit became mafterlefs in manhood. His firft male instructor was Dr.
Beard, mafter of the free-fchool at Huntingdon, " where his book began to perfe-
cute him, and learning to commence his great and irreconcileable enemy," to
the infinite mortification of a diligent tutor, who endeavoured in vain to correct a
truant hypocritical difpofition.. To this the young Protetlor added the puerile
crimes of orchard-robbing and facking of pigeon-houfes ; for which,- and other-
demerits, he received frequent, but fruitlefs chaftifement.
From the above fchool Oliver was fent to Sydney-college, Cambridge. At
this feat of quiet and learning he is accufed of practising every thing but pro
priety of conduct and attention to ftudy. From hence he foon removed to his
native town,, in confequence of his father's death. There Cromwell entered into:
a. more

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 287
a more matured fyftem of depravity, the vices of " drinking, wenching, and the
like outrages of licentious youth," which fuggefted to his mother and friends the
¦ neeeffity of endeavouring to fix his verfatile temper in fome ferious purfuit. They
happened to adopt the profeffion of the law, and he was fent to Lincoln's Inn ;
" where but for a very little while he continued, for the nature of the place, and
the ftudies there," fo controuled him, that " few of his feats were practifeel there."
Let us now return to the " Portraiture." Being arrived to competent years,
he married into the antient and noble family of the Bourchers, fometimes earls
of Effex; by whom he hath living two fons, the Lord Richard, lately made
Protector in his father's room; and the Lord Henry, now lord lieutenant of Ire
land ; perfons of great honour, hopes, and abilities ; and four daughters, all ladies
of eminent virtues. The Lady Bridget, his eldeft, firft married to the Lord
Ireton, lately lord deputy of Ireland; and fince his deceafe to the right noble
Lord Charles Fleetwood. The Lady Elizabeth, his fecond daughter, married to
the Lord Claypole, lately deceafed. The Lady' Mary, his third daughter, mar
ried to the. right hon. the Lord Fauconberg. The Lady Frances, fourth and
youngeft daughter, married to the right hon. Robert Rich, fince deceafed."
The Long Parliament fum mon ed by Charles I. received the embryo Protector
into its bofom ; in which " he was remarkable for his prudence, and forwardnefs
in afferting the public intereft." When this Parliament and the King had recourfe
to hoSti-lkies, Cromwell received an appointment from the former to the command
of a troop of horfe ; which he raifed at his own expence. And from this inferior
Station military abilities raifed him to the fummit of military power. The extra
ordinary leap from this eminence-to the Throne, December 19, 1653, is unpa
ralleled in the hiftory of England.
To return to " Flagellum," which adds, that his retreat from Lincoln's Inn to
Huntingdon was marked by drunkennefs, quarreling," and cudgel-playing. In
thofe eXceffes he would invite his companions to a barrel of beer, and give it them
at the expence of his hoft ; whofe difpofition to rebel was rewarded by broken
windows, or a broken pate. The author of this work apologizes for introducing
fo many fcandalous charges againft Cromwell ; but declares, they were not only
admitted by his friends, but mentioned as bright mementos of his exceeding
change to Godlinefs. " The greater finner, the greater faint *."
* The language of modern Evangelical preachers and hearers.
O o 2 Plunged

288 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
Plunged thus in iniquity, with an eftate impaired, and a confcience juft awa
kened, " a giddy infpiration feized him, and all of a fudden fo feemed to change
and invert him, that he now became the wonder, who juft before was the hifling-
and fcorn of all people."
Certain Divines, who affifted in performing this refomation, accomplished a
reconciliation between Cromwell and Sir Robert Steward, his uncle, whofe
indignation had been roufed to reject him as a nephew; and from this gentleman
he afterwards received an eftate by will of 400I. or 5 ooi.' per annum. As a return
for thofe eminent fervices Oliver encouraged exercifes of praying and preaching,
and at laft appeared in publick as a Diffenter from the church of England..
" He had matched a little before, upon' account of this eftate in reversion, with
a kinfwoman of Mr. Plambden's and Mr. Goodwin's, in Buckinghamshire, by
name Elizabeth, daughter of one Sir James Bowcher ; whom he trained up and
made the waiting-woman of his providences, and lady rampant of his fuccefsfull
greatnefs, which She perfonated afterwards as imperiously as himfelf. So did the
Incubus of his bed make her partaker too of the pleafures of the throne."
This author gives a ludicrous account of the domeftic management of Mr. and
Mrs. Cromwell, whofe morning exercifes of prayer were fo extravagantly length
ened that the labours of the field oftener commenced at nine than at fix o'clock.
The effect of too much prayer upon their hinds and ploughmen was idlenefs-;
who finding that the moft profitable part of the day had el'apfed while they were
" feeking the Lord," comforted themfelves with a pack of cards during the noon
tide ray, Returning to the evening exercifes contented with having performed the
third part of a day's work.
This way of proceeding foon terminated the farmer's life of Mr. Cromwell. He
thus wafted an eftate of confiderable value ; and, being rather embarraffed,
thought of emigrating to New England ; but was prevented from the enterprife
by the friends his puritanical conduct had procured- him, who thought he would
render them more fervice as their reprefentative in parliament, deftined to over
turn the Monarchy. This object they accomplifhed, but by means infamous
enough, if truly Stated by "Flagellum."
I Shall refer the reader for the particulars of his political and military operations
to the various Histories of England, merely obferving, that he was a profound
tatefman, an admirable general, and one that contributed much to the exter-

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 289
nal fplendour of Great Britain. Thus far his bittereft enemies muft admit : that
his ruling paffion was ambition ; and that he attained his honours by the moft
confummate hypocrify, his warmeft friends dare not deny.
Symonds's manufcript hiftorical notes, preferved in the Mufeum, mentions the
following ceremony. " Upon Friday December 16, 1653, Cromwell went in great
ftate, attended by the chief officers of the army, except Major General Harrifon ; he
went to the Chancery-court at Weftminfter- hall, habited in a black plufh fuit, and
cloak; where he ftood bareheaded an hour; and Lifle, the commiffioner of the
great feal, read to him the New Charter, as alfo his oath. Which oath he repeated
after Lifle, and figned his Charter, and then fealed it with the great-feal. The
judges were all prefent except Chief-Juftice Rolls. The Mayor of London, Vyner,
Lambert, and Whaley, were the chief-officers, and affifted him to his feat ; which
was a Stately chair, with coftly foot cloathes and cufhions ; and then he fat in it,
and put on his hat, none elfe being covered in the court.
" The Mayor gave him his fword, and he rendered it him again ; the Keepers
the feals, and he gave it them again. Then the Mayor went before him through
Weftminfter-hall, which was thronged with people, with a great guard, to his coach.
All the while Cromwell held up his right hand to fwear, it fhook extremely and
notorioufly (for that is the new way of fwearing, and not kiffing the book)."
Vyner invited the Protector to dine with him on the following Afh-Wednefday,
at Grocer's-halk On which occafion the ftreets were railed, and the feveral city-
companies fat in form on either fide. The mayor and aldermen met him at
Temple Bar, where he arrived in a coach. The proceffion then commenced with
the eight city-trumpeters, on horfe-back, followed by the mayor's officers, on
foot, the aldermen in" pairs on horfe-back, the common-council men on foot,
two heralds, the fword-bearer and cap of maintenance ; the king at arms,
the mayor, the fword of State, Cromwell, habited in an olive-coloured cloth,
with gold buttons and loops, and golden hat-band, who often lifted, his hat to
the fpectators ; followed by Claypole, his fon-in-law, mafter of the horfe, lead
ing his highnefs's charger, caparifoned with red velvet, embroidered ; other led-
horfes ; and, finally, many officers of the army, four abreaft.
Having fairly feated the Protector on the throne of England, we will pafs
fwiftly by his dream of royalty, and meet him, for the laft time, on the bed of
death. For a delineation of this fcene I am indebted to "An Account of the laft
Hours of the late renowned Oliver Lord. Protector ; wherein you have his Erame of

290 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
¦of Spirit, expreffed in his dying Words, upon his Death-bed ; together with his
laft Prayer, a little before his Death ; who died at Weftminfter, September 3,
1658. Drawn up and published by one who was an Eye and an Ear- witnefs
of the moft of it." Published by Robert Ibbetfon, 1659.
After a long exordium, this ear-witnefs thus proceeds, " And therefore, to
.come nearer, a few days after the death of the Lady Elizabeth, his daughter, at
Hampton Court, which touched him nearly, being then himfelf under bodily
difternpers forerunners to his fick-nefs, which was to death, and in his bed
chamber, he called for his Bible, and defired a perfon honourable and godly (then
with others prefent) to read unto him Phil. iv. 11, 12, 13. ' Not that, I fpeak- in
refpect of want ; but I have learned, in whatfoever ftate I am, therewith to be
content. I know both how to be abated, and how to abound j every where, and
in all things, I am instructed, both to be full, and to be hungry, both to abound
and to fuffer need ; v. 13. I can do all things through Chrift, that ftrengtheneth
me.' Which read, he (to ufe his own words, as near as I can remember them)
' this Scripture did once fave my life, when my eldeft fon  died, which
went as a dagger to my heart— indeed it did.' And then, repeating the words of the
text himfelf, declared his then thoughts to this purpofe, reading the ibth and nth
verfes of Paul's contentation and fubmiffion to the will of God in all conditions
(faid he) ' 'Tis true Paul you have learned this, and attained to this meafure of
grace, but what Shall I do ? Ah ! poor creature, it is a hard leffon for me to take
out : I find it fo— but,'' reading on to the 13th verfe, where Paul faith, ' I can do all
things through Chrift that ftrengtheneth me ;' then faith began to work, and his heart
to find fupport and comfort, faying thus to himfelf, ' he that was Paul's Chrift is my
Chrift too;' and fo drew water out of the wells of falvation, Chrift, in the covenant of
grace. But a little nearer yet. After his return to Whitehall, his ficknefs increasing
upon him, he was obferved to be in a very fpiritual frame of heart, and full of
holy expreffions, catched up by me or others fearing God, that were .prefent, as
a hungry man doth meat, a little whereof it was my comfort to meet with the
very night before the Lord took him to his eyerlafting reft, which were to this
purpofe following ; viz. ' Truly, God is good, indeed he is, he will not' 
There his fpeech failed him ; but, as I apprehend it, it was, ' he will not leave
me.' This faying, that God was good, he frequently ufed all along ; and would
fpeak it with much chearfulnefs and fervour in the midft of his pains. Again
he faid, ' I would be willing to live to be" further Serviceable to God and his
people,

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 291
people, but my work is done ; yet God will be with his people.' He was very
reftlefs moft part of the night, fpeaking often to himfelf; and, there being fome
thing to drink offered him, he was defired to take the fame, and endeavour to
Sleep. Unto which he anfwered, ' It is not my defign to drink, or to Sleep, but
my defign is to make what hafte I can to be gone.' Afterwards, towards morn
ing, ufing divers holy expreflions, implying much inward confolation and peace,
among the reft he fpake fome exceeding felfdebafing words, annihilating and
judging himfelf; and truly it was obferved, that as public fpirit to God's caufe
did breathe in him (as in his life-time), fo now, to the very laft. Which wilt
further appear by that prayer he put up to God two or three days before his end,
which was as followeth.
" Lord, although I am a miserable and wretched creature, I am in covenant
with thee, through grace ; and I may, I will, come to thee, for thy people.
Thou haft made me (though very unworthy) a mean instrument to do them fome
good, and thee fervice ; and many of them have fet too high a value .upon me,
though others wifh, and would be glad of my death. But, Lord, however
thou doft difpofe of me, continue and go on to do good for' them. Give them-
confiftency of judgment, one heart, and mutual love, and go on to deliver
them, and with the work of reformation, and make the fame of Chrift glorious
in the world. Teach thofe who look too much upon thy inftruments to
depend more upon thyfelf. Pardon fuch as defire to trample upon the duft
of a poor worm, for they are thy people too. And pardon the folly of thisfhort
prayer, even for Jefus Chrift's fake, and give us a good night," if it be thy pleafure.''
See vol, I. p. 262, for an account of his real or Sham funeral.-
1629-30, Feb. 4. Mr; Robert Skerne, efq. and the Lady Ann Cocker.-
1630, April 20. Sir ChriftopherYelverton and Mrs. Anne Twifden.
1 64 1, Dec. 30. John Hopton, efq. and the Lady Margaret Ley,, daughter to
the Right Hon. James Earle of Marleborough, deceafed.
1658-9, Jan. 6. Francis Dafhwood, efq. alderman of iLondon, and Mrs.
Martha ,. widowe.
1662, Dec. 10, Sir Edward Mbrreyfe and Jane Clarke.
Robert Sidney, efq. the only fon of the Right Hon. Philip Lord Lifle, and
grandfon to the Right Hon. Robert Sidney, Earle of Leicefter, was married to
the Lady Elizabeth Egerton, the only daughter of the Right Hon. John Egerton, earle

292 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
earle of Bridgewater, the 5th day of May, 1672, by Dr. Sankey, in Bridgewater-
houfe chappell, in Barbican.
The Right Hon. John Vifcount Brackley, eldeft fon to the Right Hon. John
Earle of Bridgewater, was married to the Lady Jane Pawlett, eldeft daughter to
the Right Hon. Charles Lord St. John of Bazing, eldeft fon to the Right. Fion;
the Marquis of Winchefter, the 2d day of April, 1673, by Dr. Clement Sankey,
in the chappell belonging to the Charter-houfe, with licence from the Bifhop of
London. This Lady was the Vifcount* s fecond wife ; by whom he had 7 fons
and 2 daughters. She died 1716, aged 61. The above nobleman held the high
office of firft commiffioner of the admiralty, and died 1700-1, aged 55.
1697, June 24. Sir Roger Bradfhaw and Madam Rachel Guife.
1702, Dec. 1. Peter WhitcOmb, efq. and the Hon. Gertrude Arundel. [Was
this the fecond marriage ? for Gertrude Arundel is faid by Collins to have married
Sir John Bennet, of Hofkins in Herefordshire, bart]

Baptisms.
1607-8, Jan. 30. Francis, fonne of Sir William Mownfon, knt.
1609, Sept. 20. Thomas, fonne of Sir Francis Hubbart, knt.
1 61 1, 2 Ffeb. 13. Jeremy, fonne of Sir Peter Manfood, knt.
 March 22. Henry, fonne of Sir Henry Graye, knt.
1 612-3, Jan. 12. Katharine, daughter of Edward Paulavizene, gent.
,1613-4, March 21. Henry, fonne of Sir Richard Blunt, knt.
1621, July 17. Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Crooks, knt.
1623, Dec. 18. Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Chute, knt.
162,4, April 5. Henry, fonne of Sir Henry Crooke, knt.
 June 29. Richard, fonne of Mr.  , gent, from the houfe of Sir
William Twiffenden, his father-in lawe.
1624, June 29. The Lady Elizabeth Bourghchier, daughter to the Right Hon.
Edward and Dorythie, Earle and Counteffe of Bath.
1628, June 21. Edward, fonne of Sir Miles Hobart, knt.
1629, June 9. Penelope, daughter of ' Sir Ffrancis Lower, knt.
¦ Oct. 8. Oliver, fon of Sir Henry St. George. '
1631, March 31. Arbella, daughter of the Lord John Haughton.
1631, Nov. 23. Henry, fonne of Sir Henry Crooke, knt. 1637-8,

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 293
1637-8, Jan. 12. William, fon of William Fuller, vicar of St. Giles, and deane
of Elye.
1638-9, March 19. Roger, fon of Sir William Meredith, knt.
1641, April 2. Sherlett, daughter of Sir Peter Wick, knt.
John, the fonne of the Right Fion. John Egerton, Earle of Bridgewater, and of
the Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born upon the 9th day of Nov. 1646.
Frances, the daughter of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earle of Bridgewater,
and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born upon the 7th day of June, 1648.
William, the fon of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater, and
of Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born upon the 15 daye of Aug. 1649.
Herbert, the 2d fon of Sir Herbert Whitfield, knt. was borne the 29 day of
Aug. and baptized 4 day Sep. 1650.
Thomas, the fonne -of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater,
and the Ladye Elizabeth his wife, was borne upon the 16th day of March,
1651-2. 1652, May 27. Tomazin, daughter of Sir Herbert Whitfield, knt.
Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earle of Bridgewater,
and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born upon the 24 day of Auguft, 1653.
Catharine, the daughter of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earle of Bridge-
water, and of the Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born the 17 day of Oct. 1638.
Stewart, the fonne of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earle of Bridgewater, and
Lady Elizabeth his wife, was born upon (the bottom of the leaf has been cut off)
— March 1660 is the preceding date.
John, fon of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Lord Vifcount Brackley, and of
ye Lady Elizabeth, borne Jan. 10, baptized the 12th, 1668-9.
Charles Egerton, fon to the Right Hon. John Lord Vifcount Brackley, and of
the Lady Mary his wife, born ye 7th day_of May, baptifed the 9th, 1675.
Robert, fon of Robert Sidney, efq. only fon of Philip Lord Vifcount Lifle,
eldeft fon of Robert Earle of Leicefter, was borne the 6 day of May, and bap
tifed 13, 1675.
Mary Egerton, daughter of ye Right Hon. John Lord Vifcount Brackley, and
of ye Lady Jane his wife, borne ye 14 May, baptifed the 16th, 1676.,
Philip, fon of Robert Sidney, efq. only fon of Philip Lord Vifcount Lifle, was
borne ye 8th July, and baptifed the 12th, 1676.
Thomas-Egerton, fon to the Right Hon. John Vifcount Brackley, and the Lady
Vol.-iil p p Jan^

294 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
Jane his wife, borne the 15th day of Aug. 1679, and baptized the 16 day of the
fame moneth.
John Sidney, 4th fon to Robert Lord Vifcount Lifle, was borne the 14 day of
Feb. 1679-0, and baptifed the 17th.
Elizabeth Sidney, daughter to the Right Hon. Robert Lord Vifcount Lifle,
and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, was borne the 31 day of May, 168 1, and bap
tifed the 3d of June.
Scroope Egerton, fon to the Right Hon. John Lord Vifcount Brackley, and the
Lady Jane his wife, was borne the nth day of Aug. 1681, and baptifed 14.
Thomas Sydney, efq. 6th fon to the Right Hon. Robert Vifcount Lifle, borne
the 27 Nov. baptifed 5 Dec. 1683.
Wilfiam Egerton, fon to the Right Hon. John Lord Vifcount Brackley, and
the Lady Jane his wife, was borne the 5th Nov. 1684, and baptifed 16.
Burials.
1562, Sept. 30. Sir Harvy Graye, knt.
1563, Oct. 26. Mayfter Bullin, yc faithfull preaeher of Godes moft holy word.
1569. Alls Walfay, a nonne, was buried 3d June.
1570, Dec. 2. Mr. Robert Smart, fword-bearer of London.
1573, April 17. Reginald Gray, Comes Kancie. Reginald Earl of Kent is
faid, in the flrft edition of CoUins's Peerage, to have died March 17, 1572, which is,
I fuppofe, a typographical error. The Earl deferves particular notice for the fer
vice he rendered his fucceffors in the frugal ufe of his eftate, by which they were
reftored to the rank of their ancestors. Richard Earl of Kent, who died 1524,
nearly ruined the family by gaming ; and Sir Henry, his half brother and fuccef
for, declined the title from inability to fupport its dignity. Reginald was one of
the peers who in 1554 tried Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk.
1575-6, Jan. 9. Mr. William Bullen *, phyfition.
1590, Dec. 16. Catheren, daughter of Sir Drue Drewry, knt,
1591, June 17. John Hillare, deputie.
1593-4, Jan. 16. Jofeph, the fon of John Speede.
* Of him fee the Biographia Britannica ; and Britith Topography, I. 132. He was buried in the
fame grave where Fox the martyrologift was laid eleven years before.'
1594

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. m
1594-5, Jan. 14. Sir Martyn 'Furbisher, knt.
r595> June 4. Ladie Elizabeth, wyfe of Sir Francis Wyllobie.
1596. Myllicenb, daughter of William Fox, minifter.
1596, Nov. 16. Sir Francis Wyllobie, knt. , 7" ",
 Nov. 21." Sir John Buck, knt.
1600, Aug. 23. Mr. Fox, houfeholder.
1604, Feb. 9. William Fox, fon of William Fox, mynftrell.
Numbers of minftrels lived in this parifli. They were incorporated by king,
Edward IV. and very familiarly admitted to the houfes of the great. Probably the
Fortune and Red Bull playhoufes might in fom,e' meafure have occasioned their
refidence here. Scarcely a page occurs without mentioning feveral.
1605, April 14. Robert, fonne of Sir William Wharewood, knt.
1605, Julie 5. Mr. Marback, doctor of phytic.
There is a book moSt elegantly written by this gentleman amorfg the manu-
foripts at the Mufeum, from which I beg leave to introduce a few extracts. It is
called, " A briefe and a true Difcourfe of the late honorable Voyage unto Spaine ;
and of the wynning, facking, and burning, of the famous Towne of Cadiz there ;
and of the miraculous Overthrove of the Spanifhe Navie at thit tim;. With a
Reporte of all other Accidents thereunto appertayning. By Dr. Marbeck,
attending upon the Perfon of the Righte Hjh. the Lorde Highe Admirall- of
England all the Tyme of the faide Action."
It appears from this narrative that every precaution was ufed to inculcate
fubordination, by religious exercifes and rigorous punifhments. One of the
Dutch regiment having, when in liquor, murdered his companion, was tied to
the body, and thrown into the fea. Another, for Stealing, was fet in the bil
boes, ducked from the yard-arm; and, after having been prefented "with a can
of beere, a pounde of breade, and a pound of candells," was fet on Shore at
liberty. " Thus, all thinges beinge in very good order, and well appointed, the moft
holie name of our rtfaft omnipitent God being moft religiouflie and devoutlie
cauled upon, and his bleffed and facred communion beeingfe dyvres tymes moft
reverentlie and publiquelie celebrated," they failed. But the fruits of all this
Shew of religion was " even now, at'the verie firft tyme of their fettinge out, a
certaine great ftriffe and contention between the two lords generalls ; yea, and
increafed every daye more and more, till they were fully returned into England ;
Pp 2 and,

296 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES,
and, as far as I can fee or conjecture, is like inoughe alwaies to contynue." May
fuch contentions prevail in every future expedition! It was who Should riioft
benefit and forward the general intereft. The Queen's prayer for the fuccefs of
this enterprize was turned into Latin by him, with many acknowledgements of
inability to do it juftice.
We learn from the narrative that manning the yards (in the nautical vocabulary)
is an antient cuftom. " They prefentlie mann the Shippe, and place every one of
their companies bothe upon the upper and middle decke, as alfo upon the watte
and Shrowdes, and ells wheare to the moft advantage they can, to make the
braveft Shew and appeare the greateft nomber. Then the mafters and mates of
the Shippes, ymmediately upon the founding of their wiftles, in a prettie loude
Shrill tunable manner, all the whole company Shakeing their handes, hatts, and
cappes, giveing a mervelluus loude Showte."
" The 13th, 14th,, and 15th daye, certaine lifle Stragling carvells weare taken by
certaine of our fleete. And in one of them, a young beggarlie ftrier goinge for
Lyfbonne, the poor wretches weare marveHouflie well ufed by the Lord
Generall, &c. And the ffrier being utterlie unlearned made preatie mirth to the
compaay-" About this tyme, and in this place, it was that firft in all my liff I
faw the flieinge fifhes ; for, Standing with that moft fweete vertuous gentleman
Sir William Howard upon the upper decke of the Arke, wee tooke great delight
to fee the dolphins and bonytoes courfinge one of another, in manner of our play-
inge at bafe."
When they obtained intelligence of the plunder likely to fall into their hands
on the capture of Cadiz, " Lord God ! what a fuddaine reioicinge there was through
out the whole navie, and how nimble every man was to prepare himfelf!"
But fix men were loft on their voyage by ficknefs or cafualties. The Lord
Admiral had fervice performed thrice a day, to his never-fading honour. He
watched the wants of his men, and made them boldly utter them. He promoted
gaiety and exercife among the crews. And the confequence of this attention was
their Standing by him to the laft.
He gives an animated account of the taking of the town of Cadiz.; and adds,
" that good woorthie famous knight Sir John Winckefield, being fore wounded
before in the thighe, att the verie enterie of the towne, and yett no whitt for all
that refpecting himfelf, over bold in truth, and to much carefull and diligent in
anymating and encouradging his companies, and directing of them in their fight,
was with the Short of a muSkett moft unfortunatelie flaine." His

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 297
His defcription of Cadiz is concife and pleafing.
Sir John Winkfield was buried, with military honours, on June 26.
June 27, being Sunday, fervice was performed in the " Frierie," and a fermon
preached by Mr. Hopkins, the Earl of Effex' s preacher. In the fame church the
Lords Generals made the following knights, June 1596 : Sir Samuel Bagnoll, Arthur
Savage, Earl of Suffex, LordHarbert, Lord Burke, Sir William Howard, George
Devorax, Henry Nevill, Edmund Rich, Richard Leven, Arthur Throgmorton,
Miles Corbett, Edward Conway, Oliver Lambert, Anthony Cooke, JohnTownf-
hend, Chriftopher Heydon, Francis Popham, Philip Woodhoufe, Alexander
Clifford, Robert Croffe, Morrice Barkley, Charles Blunt, George Gifford, James
Scudamore, Urias Leigh, Thomas Lee.
Marbeck carried his Latin copy of the Queen's prayer with him into all com
panies ; and read it, amongft others, to the bifhop of Cufko, then a prifoner. I
am afraid little reliance is to be placed on his expreflions of approbation of it, or
on his condemnation of the churchmen about the King of Spain. Marbeck feems
confcious that his conduct did not quite agree with the ufual forbearance Shewn
to captives, and fays, " my meaning was good to do thus much herein as I did;
and if there come any good therof — the Lorde be thanked for yt."
" If any one enquire why no more was done, I will not aunfwer him with dure
comon Englifhe proverbe, as I might; which is, that one foole may afke more
queftions in one hower then five difcreet wife men can well aunfwer in five dayes;
but that grave auncient writer Cornelius Tacitus hath a wife pithie faying, andit.is
this, Nemo tentavit inquirere in Columnas Herculis, fancliufque ac reverentius habitum
eft defaclis deorum credere quamfcire. And thus much for our jorney to Cadiz."
1605, Sept. 10. Anne, wyfe of Sir Lewes Lewtner.
1607, May 4. John, fonne of Sir William Jones, knt.
 June 8. Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Harris, knt.
.  The daughter of Richard Michell, aquavityman. Several aqua-
vitse dealers lived in this parifh. The nature of this beverage may be imagined,
from the following: " Reafons for the Grauntes unto Mr. Drake, for the making
of Aquavite, Aquacompofita, Berevinger, Beereeger, and Alliger.
" That whereas dyverffe of greedye and covetous myndes, for their owne lucre
and gaine— w'hout the dew regarde of the health and wellfayre of our fubiects, or
the p'Sit and, benefit wh may grow to us and our comonwealth, by the trew and
right making of the fame of trew and wholfome lyquor— have, do ufe to make the

298 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
the forefayde drynkes and fauces of moft corrupt, noyfom, and lothfom ftuffj
viz. the waShinge tonnes, colebacks lagge dragge, tylts, and dropping of tappes,
and fuch other noyfom ftuff ufed in tymes paft to feed fwyne."
This patent was granted for 21 years, and the terms 20I. per annum. It was to
be wholefome liquor, and at the prices of ale, beer, &c. *
1608, Nov. 23. Mr. Vandoll,1 from the Lord Embaffadors of Spaine at y"
Lord Willowbies in Barbicane.
1610, Sept. 13. Mr. Humphrie Barcroft, clarke, mynifter of this pith.
1612, April 2. Henry, fonne of Sir Henry Lea, knt.
 Dec. 18. Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Fulcham, knt.
1618, Maye 16. The Ladie Elizabeth, wife of Sir Anthony Hungerford, knt.
 23. Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Crooke, knt.
1618— 9, Feb. n. Sir James Bacon, knt.
1620, June 26. The Ladie Thorney, buried at Canterbury.
 Nov. 15. Philip, fonne of Sir George Chute, knt,
1620, Dec. 31. James Lord Brackley, fonne to the Right Honnorable -John
Lord of Bridgewater.
1622, Aug. 12. Mr. Thomas Clarke, minifter of this pariSh.
1623, April 19. Charles Lord Brackley, fon to* the Right Hon. Sir John
Egerton, Lord of Bridgewater. 7 .-•¦ "'
1624, Oct. 1. Alice, wife of Jacob Baluah, an excommunicated perfon bury'd
by authority from the ordinarie.
1625, Aug. 5. Mr. Thomas' Mackerniffe, minister of this parifhe.
1626, April 21. The Lady Sifley, daughter to ye Earle of Bridgewater.
 — May 8. A fon of Sir Richard Bittifon, knt.
1627, March 27. Henry, fonne of Sir Henry Crooke, knt.
1627-8, March 15. Sir N. Tracie Smarte, knt.
1628, March 27. Sir Thomas Liddell.
 March 31. Sufan, wife of John Speed, gent, [the Hiftorian].
 May 25. Mrs. Conftance Whitney, gentle".
 Sept. 30. Eliz. the daughter of the Lady Beare.-
16.28-9. Mrs. Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Baker, knt.
1629, May 14. Eliz.. the daughter of the Lady Liddall.
* From an inedited MS. in the Britifh Mufeum. 1629,

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES/ 299
1629, July 31. Mr. John Speed, merchantalor.
This laborious antiquary was born at Farrington in Cheshire. The world is in
great meafure indebted to Sir Fulk Greville for Speed's works. It is not enough
merely to collect materials, and when collected to arrange them with perfpicuity;
' patrons are neceffary to recommend them to notice, for mankind are generally too
bufiiy employed on their own purfuits to go from home to feek for merit, though
when fet before them well inclined to encourage it. The acknowledgements of a
man of true genius bear his patron's name down the Stream- of time, Sharing the
honour of producing and rewarding.
1630, Jan. 22. The Lady Mary, wife to Sir Jarvis Clifton, knt.
— — Feb. 9. Mr. Richard Budd, auditor.
1634, Nov. 18. Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Lucie, knt.
1635, Sept. 30. The daughter of Henry Milton *, gent.
1638, April 18. Mr. Alexander Torriano, Italian minifter.
1639, July 26. John Mud, clerk and quaerefter of St. Paules.
Frances, the daughter of the Right Hon. John Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater
and the Lady Eliz, his wife, died in our pifh, upon the 13 day of Sepr, 1648,
and was buried at Little Gadfden, Hertfordfhire.
1652, Sept. 23. Mr. Robert Maynwaring, gent, deputy of this pifh.
1657-8, March 16. Eliz. daughter of Rob. Barnard, efq. of Sileby, co. Lei
cestershire, from St. Leonard, Fofter-lane.
1658, April 27. William Burges, M. D.
 Nov. 5. Edward Rowland, doctor of phyfick.
A perfon was buried this month, accompanied by this note (from Abbots, a
glover), a Quaker will not let it be fearched.
1659, July 2. John, fon of Sir Nicholas Miller, knt. of Oxenhath, in the
county of Kent, at Peckham.
1659, July 23. Henrietta, daughter of Sir Herbert Whitfield, knt. at Alder-
mary. 1660, Aug. 18. Katharine Egerton, lady, and daughter„of the Right Hon.
John Egerton, Earle of Bridgewater (fmall-pox,. at AShridge).
1668, April 30. Thomas, fon of Sir Thomas Blunt, knt.
1671-2, Feb. 20. Sir Bethell Wray, knt. (St. Giles in the Fields)*
* Probably the uncle of the Poet; from whom he might have inherited ."Ms fi.oufe fituate on
Bunhill." See Todd's Milton, vol. I. p. clxix.
q Lordfhip 1

300 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
*** Lordfhip;- John Milton* Gentleman, buried Nov1 12th 1674; eon-
* * fumption ; Chancel.
Bread-ftreet had the honour of Milton's birth, and the inhabitants of this
pariSh the malancholy fatisfaction of knowing, that he refided firft in Jewin-ftreet,
and afterwards in Artillery Walk, where he died, and I had almoft faid, that his
remains refi in peace, where they were placed on the above day. A writer of
his life, 1699, fays, his learned and great friends in London (not without a
friendly concourfe of the vulgar) accompanied his body to the church, &c. and
where the piety of his admirers will Shortly erect a monument becoming his
worth. Very near a century elapfed, however, before an admiring individual paid
this tribute fo long due. I will confign to oblivion the difgufting fcene that
occurred, on finding his bones, in the year 1790.
He fled to efcape the peftilence of 1665, fo violent in his neighbourhood. His
lofs would have deprived us not only of his invaluable works, but of the mafterly
conceptions of Fufeli's Miltonic gallery, whofe wonderful faculty of embodying
airy forms had ample materials from Paradife Loft.
Authors have difputed as. to the manner and time of compofing this excellent
poem. Such a work could not have been purfued as I might this, night and day.
The glorious lines muft have flowed like a clear and limpid fpring, refrefhed
at diftant periods by gentle rains. The harmony and even tenor of happy
moments are as neceffary to clear the human mind as the foft Shower to the brook.
That thofe verfes were the production of happy moments in his retirement at
Chalfont, no one can deny. The author was wrapt completely intiis fubject, to
the exclufion of every other object.
The noble family whofe name occurs fo often in thefe regifters, honoured the
MaSk of Comus with their notice, and the daughters and fons of the fame houfe
performed characters in it at Ludlow Caftle. It was dedicated by Mr. Lawes,
who alfo bore a character, to John Vifcount Brackley.
Stuart Egerton, efq. fifth fon to the Right Hon. John Earle of Bridgewater,
and the Lady Elizabeth, his wife, departed this life the 20th day of Dec. 1678 ;
and buryd the 24th, in the church of Little Gadefden, in the countie of Hartford.
William Sidney, efq. third fon of Robert Vifcount Lifle, dyed ye 2d day of
April, 1680, and buried the 10th of the fame. Chancell.
* " The xxth daye of December 1608 was baptized John, the fonne of John Milton, fcrivenor."
Regifter of Allhallows, Bread-ftreet.
1680,

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 301
1 680,, Nov. 19. Sir Edward Bathurft, knt. aged. Church. This gentleman
was the firft baronet of' this very antient and refpectable family (of the county of
Kent)1, to which dignity he was advanced Dec. 15, 1643.
Mary, daughter of Sir William Egerton, K. B. and fecond fon of the Right
Hon. JohnEarle of Bridgewater, dyed of the convulsions, buried Jan. 21, 1681-2.
Chancel. 1682, April 18. John Hows, page to his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York.
Henry Sidney, efq. fifth fon to Rob. Vifcount Lifle, departed this life Sept. 28,
(12 days old, 1682). Chancel.
The Hon. Charles and Thomas Egerton, efqrs. fons of the Right Hon. John
Earle of Bridgewater, accidentally burnt, buried at Little Gadfden, Herts,
April 14, 1687. Thefe unfortunate youths periShed. in the flames which con-
fumed Bridgewater houfe, a few days before.
1687, Aug. 9. The Lady Dorothy Mountague, al's Male, widow. % '
1688, Sept. 20. The Lady Mary Poe, relict to William Foe, efquire to the
king's body, viz. to Charles I. and II. . '
1689-90, Jan. 12. Charles, the fon of Robert Vifcount Lifle, from Clerken
well pariSh.
1 706, Aug. 9. Sir Anthony Mayne, bart.
1728, Oct. 15. The Rev. Thomas Bennet, D.D. vicar of this pariSh; appofitum.
St. Luke's church, Middlefex, was confecrated Oct. 16, 1733 ; but did not
enter upon duty till the 14 day of Nov. ; wherefore the christenings, weddings,
and burials, from the aforefaid 16 day of Oct. to the 14 day of Nov. are entered
in the new regifter book of the parifh' of St. Giles, Cripplegate.
1736, Aug. 28. Eliz. Bennet, wife to the vicar deceafed.
1737-8, Jan. 31. 'Thomas Ruffell, efq.
1738-9, Jan. 13. Katharine Whitfield, widow of ye Rev. Dr. Wm. Whitfield,
yicar, deceafed.
i75i,Julyi. Mrs. Sairah Nicolls, widow.
1753, April 29. Edward BrookSby, efq.
1758-9, March 2. William Hunt, efq.
1784, Jan. 2 1 . Jofeph Dickenfon, efq. father of the lady in the following article.
Ann Martha Hand, wife of the Rev. George Watfon Hand, vicar of this
pariSh, died July 5, and was buried the 15th, 1784.
1789, Feb. 17. Jocelyn Bloomfield, efq.
1792, Jan. a. Robert French, deputy.
' Vol. III. Qq The

S02 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES."*
The population of this parifh has always been very great. As proof, I need
only mention that the registers confift of twenty folio volumes, of very large
dimenfions, and that the above extracts coft me ten days laboun, from ten in the.
morning till eight at night.
1562J baptifms. 160, burials 174
1603 ------- 2760
1665 .- - r - - '•- near 3000
- 1792 - - - 492., - - 309
In the year 1660 the baptifms were fometimes Sixty in a month, and the burials*
ninety. ,- The Fortune Playhouse.
I fliall mention fuch particulars of this theatre, and the performers ia it, as are
moft worthy notice, from Edward Allen's time. For the former, I am indebted,
partly to MSS. in the Mufeum, and no lefs fo to Mr. Malone's Hiftory of the
Stage ; for the latter to the foregoing regifters. The theatre Stood between White
Crofs- Street and Golden-lane. The greateft eulogium I can pronounce on Allen
is to quote his own words, on acknowledging the fine at the Common Pleas with
his wife, for the endowment of Dulwich College, " Bleffed be God, that hath
given us life to do it." That the profits of the Fortune, and other theatres with
which he was connected, Should have been thus nobly employed, will make their
fites- always worthy of remembrance.
The following is copied from the memorandum in the British Mufeum quoted
by Mr. Malone. " What the. Bear Garden coft me for my own part : firft, to Mr.
Barnabye, 200L ; then, for the patten, ,250k ; tjotal 450I. I held- it fixteen years,
and paid 60I fer annum ; which is 960I. Sowld it to my father, FS. Hinchloe, in
Feb. 1610, for 580k What the Fortune coft me, Nov, 1599 : firft, for the leafe,.
to Breft, 240L ; then, for building the playhows, 520I. ; for other privat builds
ings, 120I. So, in all, it hath coft me for the leafe 8 80I." We find, from an
indenture printed by Mr. Malone, that the Fortune was a fquare building, of
80 feet on every fide ; and that the foundation was probably begun on a
marfhy piece of ground, as an article exprefsly mentions piles. The bafement
was to be built of brick, one foot above the furface ; and on this a, frame of three-
ftories; the firft 12,. the fecond ti, and the third 9, feet in height. Thofe were
divided into gentlemen's and two-penny rooms. The area within was 55 feet
fquare ; the ftage 43 feet long; and it extended' to the middle of the yard, or area,
which muft have been 27 feet, 6 inches^. This part and the dreSfing room was
covered, and the area open. The pofts were converted into " palafters," with
carved

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. 303
carved proportions called " fatiers *, to be placed and fett on the topp of every of
the fame poftes." This will give an idea of the commodious Structures ufed by
our ancestors for places of amufemerit. Wright informs us that the Fortune lay
partly open to. the weather when rebuilt. This circumftance, in our more
enlightened times, would alone have been fufficient to prevent the proprietors
from filling their houfes. It is hardly neceffary to fay the performances were by
day-light, for the torrents of air rufhing through the building would have made
it impoffible to keep candles burning. We need only recollect the frequent
tempefts of rain, hail, and wind, to which our climate is fo fubject during the
fummer,' and then ftnagine the uncomfortable fituation of the dripping walls ; for
we will fuppofe an aWning to be drawn acrofs during a ftorm : yet few would, in
our times, think a tent a pleafant retirement during a fhoWer of rain. The chilled
air, when the Storm was paffed, muft have oCcafiOned colds, coughs, and tooth
aches. And it muft have been ftill more dangerous to the actor, whofe. charac
ter at times required violent exertions, and at others to remain entirely paSfive. 1
have often thought the Eaftern blaft both chill and hurtful, on the curtain rifing,
at Drury Lane and Covent Garden ; but the bare idea of the antient theatres is
enough to make oUr teeth chatter. Females had not then exhibited on the ftage.
Their fufterings would have been great, had they dreffed and appeared, for
inftance, as Mrs. Jordan in Cora (in the play of Pizarro, by Mr. Sheridan) or others,
in the flighteft muflins. We find, from many authorities, that this theatre was burnt
on a Sunday night, in the year 1621 ; and that the dreffes, books, &c. were all
¦confumed. It was rebuilt (and had a fign of the fickle Goddefs" on -its" front) proba
bly on a much larger feale than Allen's houfe. Mr. Malone fays, from the Mer-
curius Politicus, 1661, that it Was offered for fale, together with the ground on
which it ftood. It was reprefented as large enough to afford room for 23 tenements,
with gardens, and a fpace for a ftreet befides. If we calculate thofe 'fronts upon a
line, at 15 feet each, it will produce 345 feet ; but fuppofing half thofe houfes to be
built on each-fide of the projected' ftreet, it will produce -a very confiderable fpace.
As many of the names which follow are curious merely as pointing out who
performed at the Fortune, I have not thought it neceffary to add more than the
•names, it being of no importance whether the children were legitimate (or bafe-
born, which in many cafes they were) or when baptifed or buried. Thomas
Fukis, buried -1594,; Robert Wylfon, buried 1600; a fon of Richard Scarlet,
3^, *.. Satyrs. Figures in bent pollutes as capitals to pofts, constmen.in ,a#cient timber buildings^; as,
for .one example, i$ -the rnark^t-lioufe at Hoddefdon. Q, q 2 buried

S04 CRIPPLEGATE, ST., GILES; '¦{'
buried 1607 ; Edward, fon of Edward Shakfpeere, bafe-born, buried 1607-; David,
fonne of Anthony Jeffes, baptifed 1607 ; a fon of John Chankes, buried 1.610 ;'
Anne, wife of Thomas Dowton *, buried 161 1 ;. a daughter of Richard Gunnell,
baptifed 1623. Gunnell was manager of this theatre. Thomas, fonne of Richard
Fowler, buried 1624; William Stratford, buried 27 Auguft, 1625; Thomas
Holcome, buried Sept. 1625; Lfenry Cley, a daughter, buried 1626; Richard
Grace, buried 1627; Richard Price, fame year; a, daughter of Thomas Boarnes,
baptifed 1628; a daughter of George Williams baptifed; Richard Gunnelh,
buried Jan. 22, 1630. From this year to 1635 thefe names occur : John Thomp
fon ; Richard Hally ; Jeremy Kite ; Edward Armiger, buried Sept. 30, 1635,;
William Pen; John Shankes, buried 27 Jan. 1635; John Honeyman, buried
1636; Richard Harely ; Chriftopher Goade ; William Ifen ; Roger Moore;
John Barratt ; „ George Jelly; Mathew Smith ; John Robinfon; William Hall;
Richard Fowler, buried Sept. 1643; Timothy Reade ; Robert Gibb ;. Chrifto*-
pher Crate; Edward Minfhaw ; William Cartwright, 1 650 ; John Buckley,. 1-652-^
John Poor.. — All thofe have ftrutted and fretted their hour on this ftage, and then-
were feen no more. Many curious particulars relating to. them may be found
in Mr. Malone's. book.. The Vicarage House-
is in a narrow confined Street.. The front is compofed of a body and two wings j,
thofe are connected, by a wall, which Shuts the houfe from the Street. It is large^
and great part" of it is facriSiced to a hall and ftairicafe. The back part of the
vicarage joins the church-yard on the Weftern fide.
Vicars fince 1700': Dr. Edward Fowler, Bifhop of Gloucefter, died 17 14, -£..
1714^0^/5, William Whitfield, M.A. +.
1717,, April,4, Thomas Bennet, S.T. P. §..
1728, OA. 3,1,. John Rogers, S.T. P. ||..'
* There is at prefent an. excellent a&or who performs at Drury Lane of this nam&i
j- He published eighteen fingle fermons.
%. He publifhed ten fingle fermons..
§ Probably of St. John's college, Cambridge, S.T. P. 1715. He publiftied three fermons; one
of them, on 1 John, iv. 11, a charity fermon; '* The Cafe of the reformed Epifcopal Churches in
Great Poland' and- Polifti Prufiia confidered," 1716.
" The Cafe of Dr. Bennet,.vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate, againft- his Parifhioners, for certain houfes
belonging to the Vicarage," was printed in a folio flieet, 1720. Brit. Top. I. 619.
|| He publiftied eightfermons, in onevolume, 8vo. 1 727, on the neceflity of divine revelation*; twelve
in another volume, 1730; nineteen in a third volume, 17355 feventeen in a fourth volume, 1736. .
*729*

CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES. • ; 305
1729, June 9, William' Nicolls, S.T. P.
1774, Dec. 7, G.W-Hand*, A; M. died Feb. 3, 1802; fucceeded by
.„ William- Holmes, M.A. Feb. 23, 18.02.
\ .'. The Quest House
is an old frame building. I Should imagine, nearly as antient as Edward the
Sixth's time This, with three or four others, hide all the North fide of the
church, except three pointed windows, a door, and one buttrefs, frOm the paffen-
ger. The- angle from the Queft Houfe Eaft is railed in, and the fioufe projects
over its bafe. Tlie chimney is of vaft Size., pointed ; on the corners are Shields,
rofes, and other ornaments. The entrances to the church and church-yard are
under thefe houfes; and are gates of heavy architecture, with appendages of
mortality reprefented on them.
Plate given to the Inqueft Jury of St. Giles, Cripplegate-
A chafed cup, the gift of Mr. James Prefcott, weight 6oz. I2dwtv
A brown tobacco difh, with filver feet, made in the year 1568. » -
A rummer, given, by William Ballye, 1604, weight 13 oz. 15 dwt.
An antique tipped horn cup, with filver foot,. &c. &c- the whole weighing
88 oz. n dwt.
In /this room hang plans and elevations of four very excellent alms-houfes^
built and endowed 1789, by a late worthy Lord Mayor, Sir William Staines j
alderman of the Ward of Cripplegate Without, on the Eaft fide of Jacob's Paf
fage, Barbican- ,
It would be fruitlefs.ro wafte thefe pages in copying from various authors
accounts of thofe buildings that have totally periShed j fuch as the Hofpital of
St. Giles, founded by Henry the Fifth, in Whitecrofs-ftreet ; Drewrie Houfe ;
FinSbury Manor Houfe, and Cripplegate, with the Barbican or Watch- Tower,
and Garter Place. The noble family of Egertons. have left a lafting memento of
their place of refidence, now converted into a pretty little area of handfome
houfes, called Bridgewater- fquare. The centre is railed, and many trees flourifh
within it. A fragment of old broken walls, fcarcely hanging together, with a
pa'iage through them, may poflibly have been part of the offices belonging to
this houfe, which we find from the regifters contained a chapel..
* Of Chrift Church, Oxford, A. D. 17745 reftor of St. George Botolph-lane, 17.79 j archdeacon
of Dorfet, 1780; prebendary of St. Paul's and Salisbury; A neigh-

306 CRIPPLEGATE, ST. GILES.
A neighbouring ftreet bears the eldeft fon's title, Brackley ; and Bridgewater
Gardens ftill exift, in giving name to a fet of wretched dwellings.
The vaft and extenfive brewery of Mr. Whitbread, in Chifwell-ftreet, which
ranges an aftoniShing way behind the houfes in the above Street, on both fides,
hath been honoured by a royal vifit. The particulars were amply detailed in the
publications of the day, and as daringly fatirifed by an author who calls himfelf
Peter Pindar ; and yet it is a theme on which /cannot enlarge: the flights, of
poetry are not for me. How then am I to exprefs the fize of the utenfils; the
magnitude of the coppers and vats ; the Steam, jlie fmoke, the dirt, of a brew-
houfe; but by faying induftry, and the excellence of the liquor made here", h'ave
produced this fcene of buftle and profperity ?
There are other brewhoufes of great fize in this parifh.
London Wall remains very perfect, forming the boundary of the White Horfe
Inn-yard, Eaftward from where Cripplegate formerly ftood.
The Hall of the Glovers Company, in Beech-lane^ near the old alms -houfes,
has been turned to other purpofes.
That of the Stocking Weavers no longer exifts. A handfome houfe ..fills the
Site, in Red Crofs -ftreet.
Next door to it is the Charity School, for 102 boys, and 100 girls.
Goldfmith's Rents * had the honour of containing the fchool of Thomas Far-,
naby, the grammarian and' commentator, with whom Charles Alleyn was ufher;
who was a poet of great merit. He lived in the time of Charles the Firft.
Daniel De Foe was born in this parifli-; and died in it, April 26, 1731.
Among the variety of productions which iffued from his pen, Robinfon Crufoc
reflects on his genius the hjgheft credit. It is a book I have always read with
infinite pleafure; and has been honoured very lately by the manager of Drury
Lane with fcenic exhibition, which was an interesting fpectacle.
Many of the ftreets in the pariSh of St. Giles are Straight and well built ; and
fome improvements haye lately been made, particularly in Jewin-ftreet, where a
number of excellent houfes, in one grand defign, occupy the Sites of fome that
were very wretched ; and from each end a femicircular ftreet is intended.
On the South fide of Beach-lane is the fhadow of -the refidence of. Prince
Rupert, fo memorable for his transactions in the reign of Charles L
In this pariSh, in 1800, were 1509 houfes, inhabited by 31.18 families, 28
Uninhabited houfes, 5496mal.es, 5950 females; total number of perfons, 11 446.
* Birch's Lives,
CHRIST

( 307 )
CHRIST CHURCiT, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
Through the kindnefs of Dr. Flamilton, I have been indulged with the perufal
of Some antient books ; from which it will be in my power to give many interest
ing particulars relating to the parifh formerly belonging to the Priory of the
Holy Trinity. After the diflblution of monafteries ; Henry the Eighth conveyed
this church to Thomas Lord Audley. After remaining in his pofleffion fome
years, he bequeathed it to Magdalen College, Cambridge, in thefe words : " Alfo,,
I give 'and bequeath to the Mafter and Fellowes of Maudlyn Colledge, in Cam
bridge, all that my parfonage of St. Katharine, Chrift Church, within Aldgate, in
London, with all tythes and profitts thereunto belonging, they ferving the cure
thereof;: except thereof, all manner of tythes to be paid for my great manfion,
that I dwell in in the faid parifh, and the tythes of the houfe in the tenure of the
Lord Clinton, and the liowfe late in the tenure of the Lady Buffough, and of
all other howfes in the church-yard next adjoining to. my faide chiefe manfion-
howfe ; whereof I will no tythes fhall be paid." Dated 1544. It was held in
fee. The Mafter and Fellows farmed it to Roger. Taylor : f£ * Payde\ unto
Roger Taylor, c'hieffe and hedde ffarmore of this benefice, on the daye and feafte
©f Saynt Mychell the Archangell, 1558; for one halfe yeres rente therof, as- by
his acquytance doth appeare, vii. xs."
1624- The parifh fent a petition to the Earl of Suffolk, entreating him to
prevail on the Mafter and Fellows to, rebuild the chancel of the church.
1630. " Paide to John Smyth, proctor of Maudlin Coll. for one half year's-
sent for tythes, 30 1."
At- the Committee of the Houfe- of Commons concerning plundered minifters,
July 9, 1644, it was decided that the falary of the curate was not Sufficient. The
College was cited to appear. They refufed. Ordered that it be fequeftered. A
Mr. Porter was appointed, in place of Mr. RuSh,' then curate.
1645- The parifli paid Magdalen College 40 1. as a fine for a new leafe.
1692. The rent to the College was 13I. per annum.
1704. Paid a fine of 45 1. including other expences, in renewing the leafe
©f the church, to Magdalen College. The rent was then increafed to 25 1. per
annum* * Churchsvardens1 Books,- Jeroni

30S CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
Jerom Knapp was leffee cf this rectory from the College. By the agreement
he was to hold it 100 years, from 1724. The pariSh to raife 150I. per annum,
by a pound rate, in lieu of tithes, above the furplice fees, for ever; and to .keep
the chancel in repair. This agreement was confirmed by an act of parliament.
Salaries.
¦%
" Paide to John Fyfher, curat of the paryfhe, in full cotentment of his whole
yeres wages, endinge the xxi daye of Apryll, 1559, xui. xs.
" Payde for the income of an howfe for the mynyfter, be.ynge hyred at Mychel-
mas, in the feconde yere of the rayne of Queue Elizabeth, xs. 1 d."
1623. Paid to Mr. Stephen Denefon, the minifter, 30s. per quarter.
169a. Paid Nicholas Brady, minifter, for One quarter's tithes, and contribu
tions, 20I. 14s. Nicholas Brady is faid to have been a man of excellent temper,
and a good preacher. It is in the.power of every one to judge of his verfification
of the Pfalms. He was an Irishman, and died in 1726.
1705. The tithes and contributions were valued at 132I. 2s. i\d.
The new remarks, by the Parifh Clerks, fays, that by virtue of the. before-
mentioned agreement, the curate's falary was to be 70 1. per annum, after the firft
ten years. Curates fince 1700.,
Nicholas Brady died 1726.
Lawrence Cook.
1752, April 17. William Parker, D. D.
Richard Buck, M.A. licenced Jan. 15, 1803.
Receipts and Payments,
" Received the 26 day of April, js^6, at the mariage of Thomas Gorden and
Elizabeth Slater, for the two taper-pence, and the fonte-peny, 11'id."
" Reoeivd, iiii daye of Maye, for the offerynge at the buryall of William
Bredftrete, 11 d."
" Paide unto Richard Grene, for a wax-candell for the curate, on Candlemas-
daye, weighinge upoundes, 11 ounces, and for viii qten tapers, in yc whole,
iiiis. -d. *5S9-

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, "ALDGATE. 309
1559- " Paide for houfelynge breade, and breade for the communion at
EaSier., 8d."
" Payde for in gallons and a quarte of Malvefy, unto George Dod, at nd.
of the pynte, w' was caryd into the churche before vs. vd."
1560. " Pd to Myltres Dawfon, for bread for the comunyon all thysv'yerej
xvi is."
1561-. " Paid for a covv for the communion cupp, fylv' and gilt, at 7s. 4d. '-"'"
the oz. 3I. i2s. 4d."
1564. A new communion table was made for 23s. to draw out on every Side,
Tind double. This appears to be different from any thing of the kind I have met
with, and feems to convey an idea that the communicants muft have literally
received at the table, inftead of the rails ; or elfe why thus contrived to be
¦enlarged ? The next article gives us fome infight of the length. " Paid for a
pall lined with buckram, four yards in length, for the table, fringed, for holy
dayes, 28s."
Same year. " Paid 2 s. for fetting up the arms of Sir Richard Maners, knt. \
and uncle to the Earle of Rutland ; and for the armes of Sir John Reynsfordes;
and for the armes of Mafter Hennage, efq. which armes were readye to fall downe,
and to be broken all to pieces.^'
Paid to the plaifterer for one day's work, I4d.
" Paide for a booke, with 8 quire of paper, for to wright in the rnaryages,
chriftnings, and burials, and binding, 6s. 8d."
Our modern divines are generally accommodated with a handfome clock-face ,
directly oppofite the pulpit, on the front of the organ-gallery. This certainly
conveys but an oblique hint againft prolixity in their difcourfes. What Shall we
fay to the churchwarden's implication, when he wrote, " Paid for an hour-glafs,
that hangeth by the pulpitt, when the preacher doth make a fermon, that he may
know how the hour paffeth away, is."?
The fum total of tithes, 1565, was 38I. 8s. ad. The offerings at marriages,
6s. 6d. ; christenings, 20s. 8d. ; and burials, 2s. 8d.
1565. fi Receyved of Hugh Grymes, for lycens geven to certen players, to
playe their enterludes in the churche-yarde, from the feaft of Eafter, An. D'ni
1565, untyll the feafte of Seynt Mychaell Tharchangell next comynge, every
holy daye, to the ufe of the paryfshe, the fome of 27s. 8d."
yor.. IIL Rx "Receyved

510 CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
" Receyved of Rycharde Dyckynfon, for lycens geven to hym to make fcaf-
foldes in the churche-yard ; and the paryfhe to have the thyrde penny : bear-
ynge no charge for that he doth receyve of the perfons that dothe ftande upon the
fcaffolde for 3 holy dayes in the Eafter week, 1565 : to the ufe of ye paryfhe,
6s. 8d."
" Receyved more of Richard Dykenfon, for Lowe Sonday, after Eafter daye,
1565 ; and for Maye Daye follow inge, and the Sonday after, beynge the fyxt of
Maye, for the thyrde peny for thofe perfons that ftoode upon the fcaffolde with"
the churche yarde ; to the ufe of the paryfhe, the fome of xis. vmd."
" Receyved of Richard Dykenfon, for 6 Sondays, and in holy dayes, reckon-
nynge the 13 daye of Maye, A.D. 1565, and endynge the 18 daye of June, and
in holy dayes, Afencon daye, and 11 holy dayes in Whytfon weeke ; of the wch
three of thefe dayes, the players did not pay for the thyrde peny of the perfons
that ftode upon the fcaffolde in ye church yd ; to the ufe of the paryfhe, 5s."
As I do not recollect an inftance of any but religious fubjects being introduced
Into facred theatres, were we to argue from the place they were performed in,
and ori their times of performance, Sundays and holy days, we Should de
cide that thefe were religious. And further it is to be prefumed, that the
churchwardens, being under the influence in fome degree of the veftry, where
the curate had a feat, would hardly have ventured to introduce a feries of abfurd
tales and obfcene jefts to the very church doors, where Vice had been fo
recently reprobated. We are very certain that interludes on religious fubjects
were performed at a later date than this period. It is probable that the practice
of exhibiting thus on Sundays began to be difapproved of by 1565. Some books,
published a few years after, indulge in every fpecies of abufe againft plays and
players; and thus Rankin, in his " Mirror of Monfters, 1587," fays, " Then Folly,
that ftretcheth forth her wings to Shadow the fences of the befotted, to the intent
that their fwollen eyes Should not beholde theyre deformed myndes, chofe out
pathes, erected places, and built Skaffoldes, in Kot\o(puotp, for his darlinges to
behold thefe daintie devices." And George Whetftone : " The Godly Divines in
publique fermons, and others in printed bookes, have of late very Sharply invayed
againft ftage plays, unproperly called Tragedies, Comedies, and Moralles, as the
fpryngs of many vices, and the Stumbling blockes of godlyneffe and virtue.
Tr'uely, the ufe of them upon Saboth-day, and the abufe of them at al times, with

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE. 3n
with fcurilytie and unchafte coveiance, ministered matter fufficient for them to
blame, and the maieftrates to reform."
John Northbrooke, in a black-letter book^ in a dialogue between Age and
Youth, adds,
"Age. What playes are they which you would fo fayne heareof ?
*' Youth. They are ftage playes and enterludes, which are now practifed amongft
us fo univerfally in towne and country.
" Age. Thofe are called Hiftriones, or rather Hijlrices, who play upon fcaf-
foldes and Stages enterludes and comedies ; or, otherwife, with gestures."
We find from this man's decifion, that our churchwardens incurred the penalty
of " everlafting fire of Hell, the punishment of devilles;" and that he might
"fay the like of the giftes, buildings, and maintenance, of fuch places for
players." Further on the Youth obferves, " I marvayle why you do fpeake
againft fuch enterludes and places for playes, feeing that many times they play
histories out of the Scriptures."
In endeavouring to prove the fubjects religious, I merely wifh to exculpate
thofe gentlemen who thus ufed the facred depositary of mortality, from the
ferious charge of encouraging vice for the fake of 2I. 11s. which is the fum total
of their receipts. The audiences could not have been very numerous at thefe
performances, or the third pennies would have been tolerable pay for the ufe of
the ground.
The church was but fcantily fupplied with facred utenfils of value, as " the
inventory of the goodes belonging to the church, 14 April, 1616," informs us,
" A filver gilt cupp for the com", x oz. vdwt. lacking 2 dwt.
" 2 herfclothes, the one greate the other fmall.
" Our other herfclothe, of n.yardes and | long. Black cloth.
" A pulpitt cloth of greene damaSke, and a cuSh" of the fame.
" A table and frame for the communion.
"A carpet for the com" table, given by Mr. Martin Bond ; four wamfcott
formes ;• and an hower glafs, wth a frame of irone to Stand in.
" Our ould Latrine Bible, of written hand, yl hath bine long in the church ;
an Englifh Bible, out of the ould vol. ; 2 new ferves bookes, 1 wth Kinge James's,
coming ; one other booke, called the Paraphrafe of Erafmus ; 6 ferves bookes.
A greene cushion cloth; a pottel pott, and a quart pott of pewter; 2 pewter
R r 2 bafons ;

212 CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
bafons ; 2 latten (or tin) batons ; 2 furplaffes ; 2 diaper clothes for ye table ,- 2
damaSk napkins for yc com" table, &c.
1618. " Paid to John Denys, for the fpeedy procuring of the excommunica
tion againft Savage and his daughter, is."
Collected at the church-door, for two poor minifters, 2I.
" Paid, for 1.2 ells of Holland, for a Surplice, at 3s. 4d. per ell, and- for making -
it, 7s."
16-19, Jan. " Paid towardes the fettinge out of 100 children tO'Vkginia, to
Arthur Panther, at Guildhall, 61. is. 9d."
1625. Several fmall fums of money were paid to the poor miferable inhabi
tants of houfes infected by the plague, whofe fituation, buried alive with the
difeafe, may be imagined, but cannot be defcribed; as the houfes were entirely
Shut up, except for the purpofe of admitting a fcanty fupply- of provifion ; for
which thofe infected could feel but little appetite.
A few Shillings were given to many "feke in the fireetes."
" Paid Mr. Michall Ann, for burying 100 perfons, at 6d: the fees, 2k ios. Paid
Mr. Ann,, the curate, and the fexton, more; for burying, il. is. So that 140
perfons died in this pariSh, whofe friends could not pay the fees for burial. It- is
aftonifhing that Mr. Ann furvived attending- fo many."
3626. " Paid to a poore minifter, making moane for relief, onefhffling"'
1626-7, Jan* l7' " Paide to Mr. Blackwell, for two communion cuppes and
couvers, andapatyn for the bread, all of fine, filver, waighing together 99 oz.
ijfdwt. at 6s. 8d. the ounce; befides ourold plate,., it coft 20I. 15s. iod..
a pdfor three gallons of mufcadin-, 12S4 -d."
1629.. " Paide for nir chaldron of coals, 40s.""
1630. "Received of Sir Henry Mactyn, to pay for our two filver potts,.
weighing 74 ouncesand |, at 5s. 8d. frounce, 20I."
1632. The Pewterers' Company gave 5I. towards painting the Commandments.
1638. " Paide for a pint of fack, for a minifter, he being. put to a Straight,' fd.''
Given, 28 Dec. 1642, to the plundered.minifters, by order, 61. 7s. -6cL.
Paid to Mr. Calamy, 5 Feb. 1642-3, the money collected for tranfporting chil
dren to New England, 81. 9s. 8d.
The fettlement of New England and Virginia, as we have feen, was purfued
with great avidity. Ibeg leave, to quote fome notes of Sir Simon D'Ewes, on
New

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE. 313
New England, from his manufcript in the Mufeum. " Firft, that this planta
tion was at firft undertaken, as others, by his Mag. l'res pat', and for the enlarge
ment, greatnes, and furetie, of his Mag. empire. 2d. That the reft of his Ma-
gefties dominions are much enfafed by it, here being all materialls at hand to
furnifh England with Shipping; whh the timber of England may in a few years
fail to do. And that, for his Magefties profit, it is like to be very great from
hence, by the' trade of fifhing and beaver, whh~may yearlie bee tranfported into
England," &c.
1643. This year produced a bufy fcene of enthufiafm, when almoft all de-
fcriptions of people went to dig and throw up earth for fortifications round -the
city. The diurnal publications of that period teemed with a difplay of the
numbers of diftinct trades, who paraded in bodies to the environs. And it was
thus recently at Paris. In the prefent century we have reafon to rejoice that'
fuch exertions are more likely to be put forth againft foreign invaders.
" Paid for bread and drinke;, for the people that went to dig in the trenches,.
6s. 6d."
The following charges will ferve to Shew the diftreffed fituation of many clergy
men, and the caufe.
1660. Paid and given to a John Chroke, gent, who, as by his certificate
appears, was plundered by Cromwell, 2s. 6d.
Alfo to Richard Lake, curate, and turned out by Alderman Pack, 5s.
To a minister's wife of Yorkshire, with five children, hufband dead, 2s. 6d.;
To Mr. Rogers, reader of St^Paul's, as. 6dv
There- are- many gifts to a Lady Morrell, even fo low as-6d;
1693. The pariSh rented certain houfes to the Jews for a fynagogue. I have
not been able to afcertain with certainty which were theprecife buildings ; but the
rent was 60I. per annum* In the year i7o44:herent was. but 40I. The taxes- had
been 1 rl. ios. per year.
1706. From an entry at this period we are led to fuppofe the Jews had
removed; for it is written, " Recivd a year's rent- for the houfes that were the old
fynagogue, 40 1."
* Sir Chriftopher Pack, lord mayor 1634; e£ whom fee fome memoirs, and a portrait, in Mr.
Nichols.'* Hiftory of Leicefterfhire, vol. III. p. 255-
The

314 CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
The wretched Situation of our countrymen, captives in Algiers, appears to have
been much commiferated in this parish ; for the collection on the brief, from door
to door, was 42I. 4s. 2s. ; being upon an average about 3s. each houfe.
Paid to Sir Leonard Robinfon, chamberlain, money collected upon the King's
letters, for relief of the poor of the out-pariflies, 17I. 3s. 84-d. Little better than
one Shilling per houfe.
The advance in the price of coals from 1629 *s worthy obfervation. 1708. Paid
for 9 chaldron of coals iol. 18s. ; which is rather more than 24s. a chaldron.
It is an odd circumftance, that fubfcriptions for the relief of Strangers fhould
meet with greater fuccefs than a brief for the benefit of their own poor.
The year 1709 produced 128I. 7s. collected for the Palatines, or 8s. 6d. each
houfe, averaged on 300 houfes.
17 1 5. Received of Sir Samuel Stanier, for repairing the Eaft window (See
hereafter), iool.
In 1728 the church plate weighed 228 oz. 8 dwt.
Chantry.
Alice Crefswyke, by her teftament and laft will, gave unto the parfon and
churchwarden, to find a prieft and obit, lands, &c. per annumt iol. 13s, 4d.
Church.
The firft ftone of the prefent was laid June 23, 1628. Four years elapfed ere it
was completed. The confecration, by Laud biShop of London, took place
Jan. 16, 1630-1. It was performed in fo extraordinary a manner that it would
be unpardonable to pafs it over without fome notice.
His way of administering the Sacrament was equally unufual ; and both became
ferious charges againft him fome time after. That an opinion of the merits of
the caufe may be truly formed, I Shall recount his proceedings at the confecra
tion, and administration of the Sacrament, and then detail the Roman Catholic
manner of celebrating the latter office.
The Bifhop had ordered that perfons fhould be Stationed near the door, who
were to call with loud voices on his approach, " Open, open, ye everlafting
doors, that the King of Glory may enter in !" Upon his entering the church,
he fell upon his knees ; and, fpreading his arms, exclaimed, " This place is holy,
the ground is holy : in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghoft, I pro
nounce

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE. sis
y
nounce it holy." He then threw duft from the floor into the air, as he went
towards the chancel, bowed — and then returned in proceffion found the church ;
repeating the iooth Pfalm, the 19th, and a prayer. Fie afterwards curfed, from
a manufcript, thofe who fliould profane the place, bowing at the end of each fen-
tence ; and bleffings were pronounced on thofe who had encouraged the work.
After a fermon, he thus proceeded :
On approaching the table he bowed : which he repeated feven times on going
near the bread and wine, which were covered. When he had read feveral prayers
(what we are not told) he gently lifted the corner of the napkin that lay on the
bread, let it fall, retired fome fteps, bowed thrice, approached again, opened it,
and again bowed.
Thefe ceremonies were repeated over the wine. He then received himfelf, and
communicated to others. Prayers concluded the whole *.
The preparation and fanctification of the bread and wine, for the ufe of the
facrifice, from " 'Ordo Miffse, edit. 1688." It begins with "Dominus vobifcum."
Refponfe : " Et cum fpiritu tuo." — " Oremus. Benedictus fit Deus Pater, unigeni-
tufque Dei Filius, Sanctus quoque Spiritus : quia fecit nobifcum mifericordiam
fuam." The prieft offers up the hoft, puts wine and water into the chalice, and
offers it. He bows; bleffes the bread and wine, faying, " Veni Sanctificator,
omnipotens, aeterne Deus, et ?£< benedic' hoc facrificium tuo fancto nomini pras-
paratum^" and waShes his hands, repeating Pfalm xxv. 6. He bows, and turns
towards the people, and fays, " Orate, fratres, ut meum ac veftrum facrificium
acceptabile fiat apud Deum Patrem omnipotentem." After many prayers in the
preface, he fpreads his hands over the oblations, kneels, and elevates the hoft,
and does the fame with the chalice, ftrikes his breaft, breaks the hoft, and puts
a particle into the chalice, bows and ftrikes his breaft thrice, and repeats
" Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miferere nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis
peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem." He kneels, rifes, and takes the hoft in his
hands, and beats his breaft thrice, and receives both parts of the hoft. He then
takes the chalice, and receives ; takes the firft ablution, and the fecond. He then
wipes his mouth, fingers, and the chalice •jp. It muft be obferved, that the con-
* Rufhworth, II. 77. Rapin, X. 1$\, 8vo.
f A great number of prayers intervene between thofe ceremonies. fecrated

316 ^ CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
*
fecrated wafer is a fubftance made on purpofe for this occafion, and enclofed (as
the hoft) within two. pieces of chryftal, fet,in gold or filver, more or lefs adorned
according to the riches of the church. And this is generally ;placed within a
little beautiful temple, which Stands on the altar.
The congregation never partake of the wine ; and the moft rigid injunctions
are laid on the receivers of the wafer, to let it diffolve on the tongue, and on no
account to be maftrcated.
Without the leaft intention to enter into a general defence of Laud, I cannot
avoid obferving, there is fcarcely one parallel circumftance in his proceediqgs
compared with the ceremony juft defcribed. Bowing certainly was practifed in
both cafes ; but he neither beat his breaft, kneeled, wafhed his hands, mixed the
elements, or elevated them. Indeed, the whole appears to have been the effufion
of an enthufiaftic mind, fomething tinctured with a liking to Roman Catholic
ufages. Full of the folemnity:of the office he was to perform, he thought to
make it grand and impreflive, by fomething more -than ufual in. fuch .cafes.
But he feems to have forgotten ;the general hatred to every thing that bore
the appearance of the Roman pontifical, and that his enemies were laying in wait
to catch at his faults. Could he have fuppofed that any thing of this nature
would pafs unnoticed, when, barely feven years before, his predeceffor in the
fee of Canterbury thought it neceffary to write thus to James L? " I befeech you
to take into yr confideracion what the act is, what the confequence may be of y*
act? Yo1 .labor to fett up, that moft damnable and hereticall doctrine of the
Church of Rome, the whoor of Babilon ; howe hatefull will it be to God," &c.
&c. Who will, who dares fay, the world grows worfe ? Bring me a parallel to
this language, he that can, from the heart of a churchman, at this time. And
yet the doctrines are ftill as widely different as they were then. Tolerance, that
attribute, of Heaven ! Shields and protects even the enemies of our faith; while
they, grateful for the indulgence, venerate the Religion they do not chufe to
, embrace. The outfide of- the. church is a 'Strange compound of architecture, Gothic and
Grecian. The windows and doors are of the different fpecies ; but There is fome
thing not difpleaflng in the general arrangement. The tower, erected in 1504, is
plain, with a fmall cupola on it. The South fide of the church and tower are in
Eeadenhall-ftreet. At the Eaft end is a gate built by William Avenon, gold
fmith; and in the tympanum of the pediment lies a Skeleton, partly wrapped in a
fhroud 1

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE, 317
fhroud ; which, blackened with fmoke, and half mouldered away, has a moft
horrific afpect.
The infide of the church is remarkably light, the windows of the North
and South ailes being very large, as are the clereftory. And there are no
galleries. The pillars are of the Compofite order ; the two next the altar painted hi
imitation of lapis lazuli, and their capitals gilt ; the arches adorned with rofes.
The cielings of the fide ailes are Gothic ; and the interfections contain many of
the Companies' arms, fculptured on the key-Stones. Between the clereftory
windows are Compofite pilafters, and from thofe rife Gothic ribs ; with others of
the' Gompanys' arms, and thofe of London, over the chancel. The Eaftern
window is a mafs of painted glafs, without a particle of tafte in the formation of
the fcrolls or difpofition of the colours. I except the window itfeif; that is
mullioned, and has a Catharine wheel above, in the centre of which is I. H. S. The
royal arms, and the creft of Charles II. when prince, of Wales. The Red and
White Rofes; the City arms; thofe of James Cambell, knt. lord mayor 1629;
and this infcription; complete the defign: "The gift of the Right Hon. Sir
Samuel Stanier, aid0 and native of this ward, lord mayor of ys city in yc firft
year of ye reign of King George."
The original altar-piece was compofed of Bermudian cedar ; but this, and the
rails, were turned out during the civil war. The prefent is very plain, and
painted in imitation of mahogany ; the fails fpiral and gilt. The pulpit is at the
Eaft end of the middle aile. The front of ftone, fupported by one of thofe pan-
nelled fquare pillars fo common in the time of James I.
A large and elegant organ ftands at the Weft end.
Memorials op the Dead,
The antient tombs' remaining are, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton's, 157b; Richard
Spencer's, 1667; Bartholomew Ellor's ; and John Ivey's.
On the South wall, next the chancel, is a neat tablet, infcribed :
" This monument is erected by Mrs. Sarah Perry, in memory of her deceafed
hufband, Mr. Richard Perry, merchant, late of this parifh, whofe body, with
feven of his children, lye interred near this place. He was a man of great
Vbi.. III. -' " Ss integrity

318 CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
integrity and uprightnefs of life, a good Chriftian, a loving hufband, and an
indulgent father. He departed tliis life 16th April, 1720; aged 56."
On the next pillar :
" Near this place lies interred, in a private vault, the body of Sir William De*
Bouverie, baronet, deceafed 19 day of May, 17 17, aged 60 years. Alfo, the body
of Dame Anne, his wife, deceafed 5th June, 1739, aged 75 years; and the bodies.
of five of their grandchildren."
Againft the fame pillar, another tablet :
"" To the memory of Mr. Richard Groves, and Maria his wife, late of this
parifh; who bequeathed 60 L to the ufe thereof; the intereft to be applied
annually in charity, according to the direction of his will, and to fuch pooE
objects, as the veftry in their difcretion Shall think properly entitled thereto."
On the North wall a tablet of white marble, ftairied in colours to reprefent
branches of laurel.
*{ To the memory of Barbara Shepherd* wife of James Shepherd, efq. of the
Ifland of Barbadoes. An affectionate wife, a tender mother, and a good Chrif
tian. After much fuffering, from a lingering and painful diforder, She fought
relief in this kingdom ; but every meanss that Skill or knowledge could fuggeft,,
proving ineffectual, Heaven thought fit to grant her a releafe, March the nth,
1768, in the 48th year of her age."
On the wall oppofite the organs is. a fmall; monument to the memory of M*.
Samuel MarShall, a pupil of Dr. Blow's-. The infcription fpea'ks highly of his
merit as a. Compofer, and chorifter o£ St. Paul's ; of his meeknefs, and fuffering.
from falfe reports. He died with the refponfe Amen on his lips, March 11,,
1713-14, aged 3-7 years. " B. Pratt, A. M. Amicus mcerens H. M. P. C."
At the Weft end of the North aile isa beautiful monument of Statuary marble,.
by Bacon. The defign is an elegantly graceful female figure, of exquifite
fculpture, entwining a funeral urn, with branches of laurel. The infcription,
" Samuel Thorp died at Madrafs, on the 15 July, 17.91, aged 19 years. He
was a youth endeared to his friends, by an admirable temper, and amiable man
ners. He was ftudious of liberal art, and poffeffed of mental capacity, promising high

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE. 319
high proficiency in the choiceft attainments which dignify and adorn our nature.
His difconfolate 'parents, bewailing their lots, and deeply regretting his fare qua
lities were Snatched from the world at the moment they were becoming ufeful to
it, have erected this monument for a token of their fenfe of his excellence."

The Registers
of ancient date are loft. Thofe ftill extant commence in 1663.
Burials.
1664," Nov. The Lady Katharine -Chefeild.
1672, Maye 10. Sir Jonathan Dawes.
1675-6, March 16.. Sir William Pefk, knt. from Grace Church.
1683, April 18. Dame Mary, lady to Sir Robert Gayer, from German-Street.
3683-4. Sarah, daughter to Sir Robert Gayer.
1684-5, Jan. 14. John, fon of Sir Robert Gayer.
1690, Jan. 18. Dr. William Dawkins.
1696, Aug. 16. Dame Anne Vifcounfes BaltingglaSIe, from St. Bridgett's.
1 70 1, June 18. Sir Robert Gayer, knt. from St. James's, Weftminfter.
1 7 17, May 27. The Right Hon. Sir William Defsbovery.
This gentleman was created a baronet in 17 13, and had two wives. The lady
mentioned in the preceding page was the fecond, Anne Urry ; and it is from his
fecond fon, by this lady, that the, title of Folkftone defcends. He was thus
created 1747.
1 736, Dec. 30. Mr. Frances Porten, daughter of Sir Francis Porten, alderman.
1727, March 4. Sir Francis Porten, knight and alderman.
1663, baptifed 59, buried 64
1665 -----,- 328
1799 , - - 27 - - 25 in 1797.

S s a 7 The

320 CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE,

The Gifts are numerous.
c Samuel Carnock gave, for gilding the organ, ail. ios. Jofeph Tatern gave'
the trumpet Stop, in the great organ, and the echo to it.
Sir Samuel Stanier, knt. and alderman of this ward, gave for the king's arms,
and repairing the glafs of the great window, .iool.
Mr. Edward Sanderfon, gilding the communion table and rails, iol.
1739. Dame Anne, relict of Sir William Des Bouverie, the intereft of iool.
to ten widows, on Good Fridays.
Benjamin Peake, efq. of Cape Cbaft Caftle, educated in the charity-fchool of
this ward, gave to the poor of thisparifh 20I.
Jacob Boverie, vifcount Folkftone, iol.
1771. Leah Mary, to the poor, iol.
Francis Weljs, 50I.
Charles Fullager, 40I. ^ ,..'
1773. Thomas Bothell, .30I.
1 79 1. Thomas Phipps, 5I. The Charity-Sci-xool
has received, Since the year 1759, 490I. 5s.
From Mr. John Sartain, by will, 1796, in the 3 per cent Confols, iool.
The Honourable Eaft India Company, 105I.
1799. The Right Hon. Harvey Combe, lord mayor, alderman of this ward,
and member of parliament, 105I.
Peter Dunkley, common-councilman, 21L
1 800. Benjamin Kenton, efq. 500I.
The church-yard is Situated at the North-eaft corner of the church, and is of
confiderable fize, with feveral trees in it.
I am much indebted to Mr. Relph, .who refides in the large and commodious
houfe facing the pump at Aldgate (which was erected by a gentleman very
enthufiaftically fond of Mr. Wilkes's doctrines, as a coffee-houfe for his friends,
and called the Denmark), for his polite and friendly illumination of the antique
and highly-interefting crypt under it ; which is in total darknefs, as the pave
ment is on a level with the points of the arches, though not originally fo.
The

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, AtlDGATE. afei
The artificial rife ef the ground in this neighbourhood has often been menti
oned, and as a proof a pillar of the old church in St. Katharine's has been, and
is ftill preferved : but I do not think the rife has been more than fix feet, on this
particular fpot, from the fituation of the antient windows.
This was originally the pariSh church, and afterwards the chapel of St. Michael;
appropriated, together with St. Katharine's, and others, to the priory of the Holy
Trinity, on the oppofite fide of the ftreet.
i. No one would entertain an idea of fuch a Structure existing who paffes along
the ftreet, not a ftone of it being' visible. Upon defcending, we find the
crypt divided into two ailes by a row of Short pillars, whofe bafes are buried
beneath the earth. They are clustered, and the capitals ornamented. The cor
responding brackets are fupported by monftrous heads, or fculis, with glaring
eye-fockets and lolling tongues *. The key-ftones are equally monftrous, with
acanthus leaves on the foreheads, inferted in the mouths. The arches are
pointed, and the ribs plain. The North end is indented, from the corners
inward, in which there are two fmall windows ; and the fame number of fquare
windows on theEaft Side, clofe under the points of the arches, are a certain proof
of the building having been under ground originally : befides, the door on the
Weft fide, which is pointed, Slopes downward from the top without, in order to
facilitate the entrance by fteps.
This curious piece of antiquity, I am happy to add, is likely to remain many
years in its prefent ftate. Mr. Relph, being fully convinced of the value of his
Subterranean treafure, will fuffer no injury to be offered to it; and the Strong and
durable houfe over it will not foon require rebuilding.
Bricklayers Hall, in Leadenhall-ftreet, is fronted by one of the old-faShioned
houfes of. Queen Elizabeth's time, of timber and plaifter, with projecting Stories
andfupporting angels. Through this is a narrow paffage, and facing it the Hall,.
of brick; with badly fhaped, pilafters, fluted; and the date over a window,,
anno 1627; onthe other fide re.RE'- This building was erected 59 years after
the incorporation of the Company, which took place 1568. .The three remain
ing Sides of the inconsiderable court are formed by lath and plafter buildings, of
every Shape that can be imagined, clumfy and inconvenient.
* See the'plate, vol.1, p.282, This

SE* CHRIST' CHURCHs ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE.
This Hall has been converted into a fynagogue.
The Banclum Sanclorum is formed by two Corinthian pillars, their ejatpbk-
tures, and a pediment. On this are the tablets of the Co'inmandments, in He
brew ; and between them a gilded vafe. The intercolumniation is covered by a
rich brocade curtain, embroidered with a heart, a golden crown, filver Stars, and
Hebrew characters, which, I was informed, exprefs the donor's name. This place
is railed in ; and on the corners ftand four very large gilded candlefticks, con*
taining huge wax-candles. On the left fide of the curtain, on the wall, a tablet
with a Hebrew prayer ; and, on the right, the fame in English.
" For the Royal Family.
" He that difpenfeth falvation unto kings, and dominion unto princes, whofe
kingdom is an everlafting kingdom, who delivered his fervant David from the
destructive fword, who maketh a way in the fea and a path in the mighty waters,
may he blefs, preferve, g'uard, affift, exalt, and highly aggrandize, our moft
gracious Sovereign Lord King George the Third, our moft amiable Queen
Charlotte, his Royal Highnefs George Prince of Wales, the Princefs of Wales,
and aft the Royal Family !
" May the Supreme King of Kings, through his infinite mercy, grant them
life, preferve and deliver them from all manner of trouble, forrow, and danger,
fubdue the nations under the fojes of his feet, caufe his enemies to fall before
him, and grant him to leign profperoufly ! May the Supreme King of Kings,
through his infinite mercy, infpire him, and all his counfellors and nobles, with
benevolence towards us and all Ifrael ! In his days and in ours, may Judah be
faved, and Ifrael dwell in fafety ; and may the Redeemer cpme unto TJion. !
" Which God, in his infinite mercy grant ; and we will fay Amen,"
The reading defk in the centre of the floor is elevated .on two or three fteps.
On the corners are four very large candlefticks, and wax-candles in them.
Two readers and two fingers occupy this place during fervice. The prieft
fits beneath the English prayer. Something lower than the deSk is a feat
for the two governors, who are chofen annually. On the corners are two candle-
Sticks with wax-candles.
The North, Eaft, and Weft Sides, have galleries, for the female part of the
congregation. The men fit on benches in the area.
In the centre of the cieling is a handfome cupola. - There

CHRIST CHURCH, ST. KATHARINE'S, ALDGATE. 323
There are two other fynagogues in this neighbourhood, which will be noticed
hereafter. Aldgate, that formerly terminated the parifh, has not entirely periShed. A
gentleman fond of antiquities purchafed fome of the fculptures, and incorporated
them with a building adjoining his houfe, at Bethnal Green. This circumftance
is noticed by Mr. Lyfons ; in my Illustrations of whofe book I have engraved it.
Very many antient buildings are ftill Standing in various parts of the pariSh ;
whofe architecture bring tb our recollection how well calculated they were to
retain the plague, and. extend accidental fires,
A noble-fronted warehoufe, belonging to the Eaft-India Company, occupies a
large extent of ground in Leadenhall- Street ; and at the back of it, two courts,
fur rounded by others,, reach to Eilliter-lane : formed of warehoufes for the private
trade..

CHRIST

( 324 )

CHRIST CHURCH, FARRINGDON WITHIN.
y. .;;,- i
TF1IS parifli owes its origin to Henry VIII. and is one of the- few inftances In
tyhich his creative powers were exerted : to deftroy and efface were his distin
guishing attributes ; and indeed they were employed in this cafe, for- two parifhes
vanished to found one : St. Nicholas Shambles and St, Ewin's.
An abstract of the indenture executed on this occafion, from the pariSh books
of Chrift Church, obligingly fubmitted to' my free infpection by the worthy
vicar, Mr. Crowther, and the liberal minded upper churchwarden, Mr. Nott, of
Newgate-ftreet, will explain the whole foundation in the moft ample manner. -
Indenture between Henry VIII. and the Mayor and Commonalty of London,
dated Dec. 27, 38 of the King.
The King, commiferating the miferable Situation of the aged and difeafed
poor of London, difperfed through the ftreets begging, to their own pain and
grief, and danger of infection to his fubjects, who were compelled continually to
pafs and come in contact with them, was, in his great goodnefs and compaffion,
refolved to remove the grievance from both parties. He therefore gives, by
letters patent under the great Seal of England, to the Mayor and Commonalty of
London, and their fucceSfors for ever, all the church and houfe of the late Grey
Friers, in the city of London, and all the buildings and lanes, aswell of the
body and two ailes, as of the choir and the frater, the library, the dormitory, and
chapter-houfe, the great cloifter and the little cloifter, and thofe chambers'and
buildings in the tenure of George Woodward and Edward Metcalfe, and all the
houfes and buildings, chambers, rooms, and void ground, in the tenure of Owen
Mone, and all the chamber or hall and cellar under the fame, and all the ground
within the little cloifter in the tenure of Hugh Willoughby, and all that part of
the buildings called the Dormitory, and all the houfes and void ground now in
the tenure of Richard Tredwaye, on the North fide of the little cloifter, and all
other houfes, buildings, gardens, void ground, &c. of the late Grey Friers,
together with their rents and profits, and all the lead, ftone, iron, glafs, tim
ber, tec, " And

CHRIST CHURCH- .325
And the King gives to the fame corporation all the late hofpital of St. Bartho
lomew, its church, ornaments, all the manors, parfonage, lands, and rents, fpi
ritual and temporal ; referving all the meffuages called Crookhorne-alley, and all
gardens and void ground to the fame belonging, in the parifh of St. Andrew Hol
born, and a rent of 35 s. fiom a tenement of Sir Martin Bowes, in Friday-Street,
London, and all the meffuages, &c. in the .tenure of Henry Alford, in Raynham,
Eflex, and all the manor of Duckett, and all the meffuages, &c. in the parifh of
Heringhey or Hornfey, and in Tottenham, in the tenure of Robert Heneage, efq.
And the King gives to the Mayor and commonalty the parifli churches of
St. Nicholas and St. Ewin within Newgate, and all the tithes and offerings, and
all the poffeffions, fpiritual and temporal, of the parifli churches of St. Nicholas
and St. Ewin.
And all the tithes and offerings of the inhabitants of all the houfes, &c. in the
gate called Newgate, parcel of the parifh of St. Sepulchre ; and all the tithes and
offerings of the inhabitants of the houfes in the precinct of the houfe of the Grey
Friers. z
And the King grants that the late Grey Friers Shall from thenceforth be a parifh
church, and called Chrift's Church within Newgate ; and the inhabitants of the
Grey Friers, the parifhes of St. Nicholas and St. Ewin, and within the limits of
that part of St. Sepulchre's parifh laying within Newgate, and the houfes and foil
within the precinct of the fite of the Grey Friers, to always be taken and accepted
as parcel of the parifh of Chrift's Church ; and that the fame parifhes of St. Ni
cholas and St. Ewin fhall from henceforth lofe their names of parifhes and
churches ; the inhabitants to pay their tithes, oblations, and obventions, there.
That the hofpital of St. Bartholomew fliall be called the Houfe of the Poor, in
Weft Smithfield, in the fuburbs of London, of King Henry the Eighth's foun
dation ; the church a parish church, .under the name of Little St. Bartholomew's.
That there Shall be in Chrift Church one prieft, to declare, preach, and teach
the word of God, who Shall be called Vicar; and in the fame one other prieft, to
'be termed the Vifitor of Newgate, to attend the prifoners when neceffity Shall
require; and five other priefts to affift the vicar, to Sing, and celebrate divine
fervice, and to administer facraments.
And in the church of St. Bartholomew, one prieft vicar, and one other prieft
or hofpitaler, to vifit and minifter to the poor people ; and that all and every
fuch perfon or perfons, who ShaU be vifitors of Newgate, or that Shall have the ,
Vol. IIL Tt offices

M Christ chuRch\
dffices of the other five priefts of Chrift's Church, or the hofpitaler , fhall not pay
firft fruits.
And the King is pleafed to grant, that the Mayor and commonalty fhall have
forever the parfonage and churches of Chrift's Church and Little St. Bartholo
mew's, and all the tithes, Oblations, and other fpiritual profits, of the parifhes df
Chrift's' Church and Little St. Bartholomew's. That the Mayor and commonalty.
fhall have the appointment of the visitors of Newgate, and of the five other priefts
of Chrift's Church, of the hofpitaler, arid of all other Officers and minifters of the
two churches ; and to have power to expel the fame perfons, other than vicars of
the two churches, for misbehaviour.
The King promifes further to grant his letters patent, incorporating thofe
vicarages, to enable the vicar of Chrift Church to receive of the Mayor, &c
25I. 13s. 4d. per annum, and a fufficient manfion for his refidence. And the
vicar of St. Bartholomew 13I. 6s. 8d. per annum, and a manfion ; and to grant the
advowfons of the two churches to the fame for ever.
In confideration of thofe gifts, the Mayor and commonalty undertake, within
three months after the date of the licence, to make a grant to the vicars of their
annuities and houfes, to appoint the vifitor of Newgate to be continually refident
there, and to give him iol. per annum ; the five priefts, at 81. per annum ; and two
clerks, at 61. per annum each ; and one fexton, at 4I. '
To provide lodgings in the new hofpital for 100 poor men and women, a ma
tron, and twelve women to make the beds, waSh, and attend the poor ; and pro
vifions of every defcription for thofe perfons ; and to pay the matron 3I. 6s. 8d.
the women attendants 40s. each per annum.
To pay the hofpitaler or prieft of St. Bartholomew iol. per annum, a parifh
clerk 61. and a fexton 4I.
A Steward for the provifion of the poor of the hofpital, with a falary of
61. 13s. 4d.; a receiver and collector of the rents, the fame fum; a porter,
at 61. ; a butler, at 4I. ; a cook, at 61. ; and eight beadles, at 3I. 6s. 8d. each,
whofe oSfice was to bring fuch perfons to the hofpital as were deferving of
admiflion, " and to expulfe and avdide fuch valiante and fturdy vaccabounds.
and beggars as they Shall fynd daily" within the city and fuburbs.
A phyfician and furgeoh, with each i falary of 20I. for whofe ufe the Mayor^
&c. purchafed medicines, &c. His

CHRIST AiUMH- $$
HtbiM^efty, recollecting the great expences of this fpjjnd.ajtipn, avowed, them
to receive benefactions and bequefts, of any defcription, £$ the annual ^pujjto/
iooo marks.

The Monaftery of the Grey Friers,
or of the Friers Minorites, whofe fite was .thus .conveyed by the 4Cing, itood
On the North Side of Newgate-ftreet, precifely where the Hofpital of -Chrift
Church is .now fituated, the cloisters of .which .are thofe mentioned in ,the
indenture. In the year 1224, and in the reign of King Henry HI. when iHanariusill. was
fovereign pontiff, and the moft holy Saint jFrancis .was ftill living, the order .was
confirmed. The feaft of our bleffed lady St.cMary lhappened that year on (Sunday, after
which Friers Minors came into England, landing at Dover. Of thofe four were
priefts and five laymen. -Five remained at Canterbury, where the piety of the
neighbourhood foon enabled them to build the firft monaftery of their order in
England. Four came to London ; one of thofe was an Englishman, .named Jngworth, a
prieft and preacher ; the fecond, Richard Devenfhire, clerk and acqlitus, an
Englishman, juft of age ; the third, Henry Detrenize, of Lombardy, .lay
man ; and the fourth, Monachatus, whofe country is not named. Immedi
ately, upon the arrival of thefe monks, they waited on the Friers Preachers,
who .received and entertained them ^fifteen days. Probably through the af-
fiftance of the reverend fathers, or other friends, to whom they might have
brought' introductory letters, they were enabled to. obtain a, houfe from John
Travers, then Sheriff of London, which was Situated on Cornhill. This they
converted into cells, and refided in them; but, as the place had never been
confecrated, they dared not celebrate divine ^Service, or erect either altar or
ehantry. In. this uncomfortable predicament they attracted the attention of the pious
inhabitants of London, who foon relieved their wants by repeated . donations, a
knowledge of which increafed their numbers..
Tt2 O*

S28 CHRIST CHURCH.
Of their benefactors, no one equalled John Swen, citizen and mercer;- in
liberality. This man appropriated -a> place, in the^pariSh of St. Nicholas Shambled,
to the Corporation of "London, who removed the emigrant friers there at his
devout fuggeftion. Swen afterwards became fo great an enthufiaft in their
caufe that he actually profeffed as. a lay-brother, and was celebrated for his ex
ample to all faithful people in perfect repentance and heavenly devotion.
The interval between- 1224 and 1274 remains a perfect blank ; but in the latter
year. William Joynar.is faid to have built them a chapel, at the expence of 200I.
Sterling^ which was afterwards- converted into part of their choir. • Henry- de
Walles, mayor of London, erected the nave of the church from 1270 to 12731
They were indebted to Walter. Pottar, alderman, for the chapter-houfe; to Tho
mas Fletham for the veftry v to Gregory Rokefly, mayor, 1276, for the dorms*
tory ; to Mafter Bartholomew, of the Caftle, for the refectory ; to Peter de Gely*-
land for theinfirmary ¦; : and toBevis Bond for the Study.
The Foundation op the New Churoh;:.
That the memory of the founders of this building may be perpetuated, and foir -
the gratification of the curioiity of : fome ignorant perfons, who admire the -
Structure, and wonder how it was raifed, and how the fupplies were obtained
which accomplifhed it; firft, be it known, that, in the year 1306, the moft
noble Lady Margaret, Queen- to Edwardi. began to build the choir j towards
the completion of which She gave 2000 marks, and bequeathed 100; Sir Wil-<
liam Walden, knight, was deputed by her Majefty, and had the honour of
depositing the firft ftone in her name that year. This gracious Queen was.
interred before the high altar-in the choir She had fo. liberally. founded.
John of Brittany, earl of Richmond, contributed 300 1. Sterling towards'
completing the nave, and gave many rich ornaments and jewels to the altars.
The Lady. Mary, countefs of Pembroke, gave 70k, Sterling..
Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucefter, prefented the convent with twenty great?
beams for their church, which were brought from -his foreftat Tunbridge, and
added 20k in money.- The. Lady Margaret, his countefs, gave 271. ios. 4d.
The Lady Elianor Le Spencer 17L
The Lady Elizabeth De Browghe, Sifter to Gilbert De Clare, gave ten large1
beams, valued. at iol. and 5I. in money. The

CHRIST CHURCH. 329
The Lord Robert File, baron, of .Lile, 300I. This nobleman profeffed in the
otder.-. Philippa; queen to Edward III. 62I. .
Bartholomew De Almayne, , a merchant, 50L
Many citizens gave liberally, particularly Arnold De Todiriie iool.
After all thefe the, noble Lady Ifabel, queen mother to King Edward III. gave
, 70k et amplius circa earn. expediref which was. done in the fpace of 21 years. Inci-
piendum 1327..
The windows-: were glazed at the charge of various perfons; and, as will here
after appear, .. with painted glafs. Margaret Segrave, countefs -of Norfolk,
expended 350. marks for themaking and carving of the.ftalls in the choir. Stowe
fays, " about. the. year. 1380 ;" who adds, that Richard Whittington, . in the .
year 1429, founded. the library, which. was in length iZQ.feet, and in breadtti3i;
all circled with wainfcot, having 2.8 deSks, and 8 double fettles of wainfcot;
which, in the next year following, was alfogether.ftniShed in building, and with
in three years after furniShed with books to the charges of 556k- ios. whereof
Richard Whittington bore 400k The reft was borne by Dr. Thomas Winchelfey,
a. frier, there, and his- Friends. He, in 1423, made ".the- new wall at the gate'y
and the. window in, the lavatory by the porch, and raifed it at the expence of
42s. 6 cL And for. the writing out of D. Nicholas? de Lira's works, . in two
volumes, to. be laid there, j 00. marks."
The.cieling in the choir was done by a fubfeription of 200 marks, and the
painting coft 59..
Their conduit, and.the water conveyed, to it, was given, them by the munifir
cent taylor to Henry IIL whofe. name feems. to. have, been derived from his
profeflion,... The length of this, magnificent church was, ..according to Stowe,. 300 feet; in
breadth 89. j and 64 in, height ; .and was confecrated 1325.
As to any particular occurrences witiiin the monaftery, our chronicles are
nearly if not .quite Silent, We may therefore fuppofe nothing of very material
.confequence occurred between the establishment and fuppreffion ; immediately
previous. to which event the following letter was addreffed, by the defpicable warden,

3S0 CHRIST CHUftCH.
warden, to Cromwell, the infamous agent of Henry in his interefted reform of
ecclefiaftical affairs.
" Prudentijfime mi Domine, eandem quam fibi fahctetn. If it maybe called to
your Lordfliip's remembrance, ye commanded me to fend the names of my
brethren, whereuppon ye might fend a difpenfation of our papistical Slanderous
apparel; the which 'I think it pleafeth God that we Shall no more wear-: for
of truth it hath not been rightly ufed many years, and therefore I doubt not
but God moveth the hearts of Princes to take it away, and many other things
more than the church of Chrift ; ficut Ezekias x° feg. 8/ fregit ferpentem eneum
quern fecit Moyfes ex precepto Dei ; of the which we may fee that princes may
change a thing that God did institute, when it is not ufed to good intent.
Alfo that it is not Unknown to them that be learned in God's law, how
God gave to the children of Ifrael, and to clergy of Ifrael alfo, both cities and
towns ; but when they ufed themfelves with idolatry and fin, then did the fame
God that gave the gifts move the Chaldees and Babylonians ; yea, as Scrip^
ture faith, he called the Babylons and Chaldees to take away that he afore
'gave. " And the Apoftle faith, i Cor. x. n, Omnia in figurd nofiri contingebant illis;
fcripta autem funt ad correSlionem noftram. No dovtbt but thofe words the Apoftle
fpake Of us, and all that Shall come after Chrift. The which thing is now juftly
executed on us, we fpecially of the clergy ; fince God as a loving father doth
correct and calleth again to him, by thofe that hath authority to change all
cuftoms, ufages, and manners, the living and apparel that hath been offenfive
to God's people; the which authority, we fay, is in the King's Grace's hands
and yours ; and therefore all my brethren defireth no other difpenfation but
your LordShip's word, fo known to be your word and judgment by the leaft
letter your Lordfhip can write ; forafmuch as ye be our head (under the King's
Grace) we be exempt from all biShops, till it Shall pleafe the King's Grace to
fubmit us to them.
" T truft your LordShip will vouchfafe to take us as your fubjects ex
empted from biShops ; and as for myfelf, I am your beadfman and fervant
at all times to my life's end, and at your commandment, and Still remain
ing in thofe apparel as your LordShip faw me in at Chichefter; and will till

CHRIST CHURCH. 331
till I know your pleafure to be contrary ; a'nd then I fhall obey with all
readinefs. " I think long till your difpenfation come for my brethren, and fo think they
alfo. If ybUr pleafure be to make your difpenfation by any man's name here, I
fhall fend them in this other letter.
" So fare ye well in God and all good profperity ; for the which ye have, and
fhall have, the daily prayers of your orator,
" The Warden op the Gray Friers in London*."
After the, diflblution of this monaftery, and the expulfion of the monks, the
King and his agent fuffered the church to be ufed for the moft difgraceful pur
pofes, as a warehoufe for the reception of French prize goods, with which it
continued to be encumbered till the pious King chofe to expiate his infamous
mifufe of a building dedicated to God by the preceding indenture ; and of this
he thought proper to inform his aftonifhed fubjects from the Pulpit Crofs of
St. Paul's, in a fermon preached there by Ridley BiShop of Rochefter, very
juftly fuppofing that they muft difcredit any reports of charity in him, unleSs
they were officially confirmed.
This beautiful church Was burnt in the dreadful year 1666, and therefore it is
nbw of little importance to the antiquary what were its previous injuries ; but the
reader muft regret that the rich tombs, quite as numerous as thofe at St. Peter's
Weftminfter before the Reformation, were broken and deftroyed in the.wanton
manner defcribed by our historians. However, the materials, of marble, alabaf-
ter, ftone, and iron, were productive of fbirie profit to the worthy mayor, Sir
Martin Bowes, in 1545, who fold ten tombs, and 140 grave-ftones, for 50I. The
monuments, it is highly prdbable, were very beautiful, as feveral of them con
tained the bodies of queens, and others thofe of perfons of great eminence. For
this reafon I Shall mention the moft remarkable interments, and omit many whofe
names are recorded in twenty publications.
Immediately before the high altar, and confequently in an altar-tomb, lay
Queen Margaret, wife of Edward I. and daughter of Philip Kjng of France, who
died 1 31 7, eleverv years after her new choir was begun.
* Cotton MSS. Cleopatra E. IV. 98, Queea

33* CHRIST CHURCH.
Queen Ifabel, wife of Edward II. daughter -of Philip le Bel, king -of- France,
had a tomb of alabafter. She died 1358; and, according to Strype, had, her
hufband's heart placed under her breaft. If this murderous and -wicked woman
really defired that the heart of her hufband fliould be, deposited upon her breaft,
the fact may be cited as an additional inftance of impotent repentance. Let this
circumftance be compared with the invafion of her fbvereign's dominions; her
ufurpation of his power; his imprifonment-and death, through her means, by a
mode of torture only fit for the fancies of a romantic author ; and her fubfequent
conduct to her own fon, united with the hateful Mortimer, againft all the
nation's peace; and we fliall find that fohtu'de and ^confinement -occaSion a- won
derful change in the moft abandoned minds.
When the justifiable refentment of the young King had overcome the com
punctions of nature, he prudently rendered it impoffible for his mother, to. renew
her treafonable practices, by confining her in the caftle of Caftle Rifing
.in Norfolk, in which She paffed the remainder of her life, fubject to no rigour:
on the contrary, She was treated as a Queen, and vifited occasionally by Edward,
Who allowed her 4C00I. per annum, and permitted amufemehts to render her
captivity tolerable.
Rymer's Fcedera, vol. VI. p. no, contains an order, dated November .20, 1358,
for cleanfing the ftreets without BiShopfgate and Aldgate, preparatory to the arri
val Of the Queen's body for interment at the Grey Friers.
In the fame volume is another for the payment of charges incurred in celebrat
ing the Queen's anniverfary.
'Her daughter Joan, of the Tower, wife of Edward Bruce, king of Scotland,
who died at Hertford Caftle, was buried cloferto her, .1362.
Weftward of Queen Margaret's tomb was that of Ifabel countefs of Bedford.
She was daughter to King Edward III.
An arch in the wall, near the altar, contained the body of Beatrice duchefs of
Brittany, daughter of Henry III.
Sir William Fitzwarren, baron, and Ifabel his wife, queen of the Ifle of Man.
John duke of Bourbon, taken prifoner in the battle of Agincourt, died in
1433, and was buried by Joan queen of Scotland.
To thofe may be added numbers of dukes, earls, barons, knights, efquires,
ladies, bifhops, priefts, mayors, and -eminent citizens, whofe. names, in addition (to

CHRIST CHURCH. 333
to fhofe which muft be recorded from the prefent church, would make this
article prolix beyond all forgivenefs.
Dilapidations and Repairs of Christ Church, that op the Grey
Friers.
In the reign of Queen Elizabeth numbers of new injuries were committed upon
this unfortunate church. One was an actual ftreet or way through it, others were
occasioned by houfes erected between the buttreffes and againft the windows. The
principal porch was Stripped of the lead, and the Mayor and commonalty had
converted fome of them into Shops.
Henry Bolton, fchool -mafter, rented what _ they termed the Weft church,
which was undoubtedly the nave, as a fchool-room, at ios. per annum.
Thofe breaches of decency were highly difpleafing to the veftry and parishi
oners, who conclude a remonftrance, directed to their patrons, in the enfuing
words : " The faid church having been honoured with the tombs, arms, and
monuments of great kings, queens, dukes, princeffes, ducheSfes, earls, lords, and
other great perfonages of this realm, and of foreign places, whom, being deceafed,
are pulled down and altered, contrary to the laws of the realm, and contrary unto
the laws of all nations."
1561, Jan. 27, in the mayoralty of Harper, after the complaint of the parishi
oners was heard, concerning the repair of the church, and the appointment of
minifters, the court agreed that the city folicitor, and the counfel of the
parifhioners, and the chancellor of the BiShop of London, Should examine into
and report what fum the city ought in juftice to be charged for thofe purpofes.
April 14. The Court ordered that a copy of their act of Jan. 27, " concerning
the amending of Chrift's Church, Should be delivered to the governors of the fame
houfe, to the intent that they may fpeedily go in hand therewith, at the expences
of St. Bartholomew's."
The complaints of the parishioners reminded the Mayor and commonalty that
they had poffeffed the two churches of St. Nicholas and St. Ewin nineteen years ;
and they reprefented that the corporation had an annual overplus of 39k 6s. 8d. ;
which then amounted to the fum of 747]. 6s. '8d. ; and that the money Should
have been applied tothe repairs of their church; " and fo, to conclude, we
Vol. III. U u marvel

334 CHRIST CHURCH.
marvel that ye repine to repair our church in fubftantial manner, having fo much
in your hands for to do the fame withal."
The valuation of the two fuppreffed churches, and their materials and orna
ments, introduced in the remonftrance, is curious.
Rectoria Sancti Nicholai ad Marcellas p an. 23I. 7s. 6d. Decima inde 46s. gd.
When the Lord Mayor took poffeffion of this church its facrifty contained £.
^00 ounces of plate, valued at 5s. per ounce, --------- 150
The copes, veftments, and other ornaments, were estimated at - - - - 200
The bells ---- ______.-__.____ IOo
The altars, chapels, ftones, pews, iron, &c. -------- 30
The church itfeif, the lead, timber, and " foyle therof " ----- 300800
And the lands belonging to it were valued at 50I. 16s. per annum.
Stowe gives but little information refpecting this church, merely mentioning
the fuppreffion, and concluding thus : "In place whereof, and of the church
yard, many fair houfes are now builded in a court, with a well, in the middeft
whereof the church ftood."
Rectoria Sancti And . . . (which I fuppofe to be Andrew, but the paper and
writing is injured in the veftry book) alias St. Tuwyn, p ann. clare valet 1 il. 9s. 2d.
Decima inde 22s. iid.
This church, the roof, lead, and "foyle therof," were valued -at 200],
The plate, money, copes, bells, and other implements, 200k
The lands of St; Ewin's produced annually 1 il. 6s. 8d.
The tithes of the two were estimated then at 60I. their oblations at 61. 13s. 4d.
St. Ewin's was Situated clofe to Newgate market.
1605, Aug. 22. The Mayor and Corporation ordered that 200I. Should be
paid by the Bridge-matter towards the repair of Chrift Church ; and in the 9th of
James I. that the funis paid as fines by the two ne'xt perfons who refufed the office
of alderman fhould be applied to the fame purpofe.
The method of repairing broken painted glafs in church windows with fragments
taken from others feems to be deprived of the merit of a new difcovery by the fol
lowing fact. « 1605,

CHRIST CHURCH. j35
" 1605, Sept. 24. It is ordered, that all the windows in the upper part of Chrift
Church Shall be coloured glafs, excepting the two lower panes, and excepting
alfo the three windows at the Eaft end ; and that all the perfonagcs that are in the
fame windows Shall be fet up again, in as good and decent manner as may be ;
and that all fuch arms as are in the fame windows, in white glafs, Shall likewife
be fet up again in the fame places as they were in before ; and, for the better fur-
nifiring the faid perfonages in the upper church (if any Shall be wanting), it is alfo
ordered, that the fame fhall be taken out of the lower church."
At the fame time Peter Bore, glazier, in the Old Change, was appointed to
ftain the King's arms in the great Eaftern window, for 3I. 5s. %
An act of Common Council, dated July 19, 1605, decrees, that the governors
of St. Bartholomew's hofpital fhould repair the chancel.
Another item, extracted from the churchwardens' books, will Shew how rich
and magnificent the Grey Friers church muft have been, when the windows
beamed brilliancy upon the walls, tombs, and pavement.
1593. Paid to Mr. Horfley, the glazier, for ninety-two feet of glafs, at4|d.
per foot, which was fet up in the places where the idol pitlures were taken down.
Whatever diflike the Corporation had to parting with money for repairs, it Was
equalled by their disinclination to provide the neceffary minifters and others for
the celebration of the fervices ordained by Henry VIII. The parishioners, juftly
incenfed, appointed 27 perfons, with the vicar, John Bell, to fign a petition
addrefled to the ArchbiShop of Canterbury, Shewing, that they had before
applied to the Commiffioners for Caufes Ecclefiaftical for the better celebration of
divine fervice and finging in their chursh, then Shamefully neglected ; that him
felf and his colleagues ordered (by the confent of the Governors of St. Bartholo
mew's) that the then churchwardens Should name to the Governors five minifters,
to Sing and celebrate ; that, if the Governors Should not approve of any, or all,
the matter fhould be referred to the BiShop of London as arbitrator ; and that the
Governors Should pay to thofe five perfons 81. each, according to the foundation,
purfuant to an order, made April <f, 1584, which was never enforced ; and con
clude by praying for redrefs.
The ArchbiShop immediately referred the matter to Drs. Andrewes and Stan
hope. This was followed by a letter from the Bifhop of London to Dr. Stanhope,
requiring him to compel the churchwardens to carry the order into effect. At the
fame time a very decifive letter was fent by the Commiffioners for Ecclefiaftical
Uu 2 Caufes

336 CHRIST CHURCH.
Caufes to the Lord Mayor, forbidding any opposition on his part. The founda
tion had been violated and neglected for ten years before this fpirited exertion by
the parifh. Tithes.
Thofe were demifed, by the Corporation of London, for 21 years, to one -
WoodShawe ; which intereft came afterwards to James WoodShawe, gentleman,.
who was not a freeman. This perfon was accufed' of being a dealer " in con
cealed tithes," and very oppreflive in his proceedings againft the parifhioners of
Chrift Church. This circumftance induced them to endeavour, to obtain a.
renewal to fome perfons of credit,, inhabitants of the pariSh ; but, upon enquiry,
they found that Woodfhawe had made intereft with certain perfons for another
term of 40 years, at iool. per annum, which was but a moiety of his receipts.-
They then determined to outbid him, by offering, iol. to. the Hofpital, iol. for
church repairs, the reft of the profits to the poor of the parifh, and to have a.
renewal every third year. Upon this the Corporation made an order, that the
Governors of St. Bartholomew's Should not execute a leafe to WoodShawe ; but.
that was- difobeyed, and the leafe renewed. The Veftry, finding themfelves-
baffled in everyway, refolved, Jan. 1600, that every parishioner Should refufe.-
payment of their tithes till the opinion of counfel had been obtained.
The vicar was a non-refident at this time, for want of a vicarage-houfe^ which:
the Governors of St. Bartholomew's had leafed te the above WoodShawe. Their -
anfwer to a remonftrance was, that they had already granted a leafe, which . they
muft- obferve*
An act of confirmation was paffed in the 43d of Elizabeth, which has effec7-
tually fecured the original grant of Henry VIII. ; but the City had nearly
loft it through the exertions of an individual.. In confequence, the Mayor and.
Corporation reprefented to the Queen, that her father founded St. Bartholomew's
hofpital, and prefented lands, &c. to it, valued at 33 ol. per annum, of which fum
the tithes of Chrift Church pariSh were a confiderable part ; that Fogg Newton,
clerk, had obtained from her a prefentation to the church of St. Nicholas, where
he was inftituted and inducted ; that he claimed the tithes of that church, which
was in fact diffolved by Henry VIII. Sixty years before. That

CHRIST CHURCH. 337
That Newton pretended this diflblution was illegal, " thereby impeaching
the King's authority to make fuch a grant, notwithftanding that his HighneSs
hath covenanted; by act of parliament or otherwife, to eftablifh the fame."
That there were upwards of 200 lame and impotent foldiers then in the hofpital,
whofe expences had amounted to the fum of 2200I. per annum.
And that, in confequence of Newton's reprefentations, many of the inhabitants -
refufed to pay their tithes to the hofpital.
I593- The prieft, who aSked banns, received 2d. -and lad. "for the folemniza-
tion of marriage; but, if the parties did not attend at canonical hours, they were
obliged to bargain as -well as they could.' The certificate was 8d. The clerk-
received 4d.:; but if he went home with the happy pair the fee was iod.
The parifh then employed fix boys, and two clerks, who chanted at funerals,
and probably fung in the church.
The choir had orga.7zf, as they are termed, and an eagle of brafs, for the rea
der; but "the altar had only a green carpet, and blue velvet, fringed and embroi
dered covering; the communion plate confifted of a chalice and paten, gilt,
weight 26 oz. with others of 24 oz.
The total receipts of that year were 63I. 4s. 3d. ; thofe for burials 3 il. 17s..
The offertory money 61, 3s* iid.; and at collections 22I. 16s. 4d.
The present Church.
Every circumftance relating to the demolition of the walls of the old church,
and the erection of the new one, are unknown to me, as the later parish books-
were never under my infpection. The reader muft therefore follow my example
in leaping the great gulph of time between 1666 and 1804, and be contented
with extracts from the regifters, and a view of the prefent State of the church and
monuments. The Registers;
They commence in 1538 ; but nothing occurs worth extracting till
i555> Oct. 24, was christened Mary Brouke, the daughter of my Lord Chief
Juftice of the Common Pleas.
1558,. July 5* Edward Brouke, fon of my Lord Chief Juftice of the Common
Pleas. 156 V

y.

:

y

33* CHRIST CHURCH.
1562, Sept. 8. Mr. Elizabeth Haddon, the daughter of Mr. Haddon, doctor
of the civil law, and one of the Queen's Majefty's High Court of Requefts.
1564, March 3. Joan Biggs, daughter of Mr. Thomas Biggs, proctor.
1564, March 16. Dorothy Fanfhawe, daughter of Mr. Fanfhawe.
1574, March 11. Walter Fanfhawe, the fon of Thomas Fanfhawe, remem
brancer to the Queen's Majefty's High Court of the Exchequer, by his wife
Mary. 1575, June 20. John Cobham, fon of Henry Cobham, knt. by his wife
Anne. " Anno 1575, anno 17 Elizabeth, June 26, was christened four daughters of
Roger Abraham Pulter (Poulterer), that is to fay,
•1. Elizabeth, 1
2 . Margaret, and thefe four daughters were born at one birth, by his wife
3. Dorothy, Joan."
4. Mary,
1583, May 4. William Fanfhawe, the fon of Mr. Thomas Fanfhawe, by his
wife Joan.
1584, Feb. 22. Elizabeth Fanfhawe, daughter of Mr. Thomas FanShawc.
1587, Feb. 8. Mary Fanfhawe, daughter of the above gentleman.
Marriages.
1572, . . . . 13. The Lady Herbert, commonly called Grace Herbert, and
Mr. John Kempe.
1573, Nov. 17. Sir Rowland Clarke and Joyce Ifack, widow.
$- t 1720, June 8. John Saunders, ofWoolfton, com. Berks, to Charlotte Fetti-
place, of Lamborn, in the faid county.
1726, Feb. 13. Henry Villiers, of Teignmouth Caftle, in the county of
Northumberland, efq. to Arabella Roffeler, of Somerby, in the county of
Lincoln. Burials.
1357, Nov. 14, was buried my Lord of Chichefter.
J55$> Jan. 22, was buried Chriftopher, Bifhop of Chichefter.

CHRIST CHURCH. 335
¦ 157°t Jan- 25« Walter Haddon, one of the mafters of the Queen's Majefty's
High Court of Requefts.
1577, Aug. '6. John Sommers, fon of John Sommers, clerk of the Signet to
the Queen's Majefty.
1579,. May 18. Mr. John Marwood, gentleman, one of the clerks of the
Exchequer. 1579, May 31. Mr. Muffchine, one of the barons of the Exchequer.
1587, Feb. 7. Mr. Godfrey Fanfhawe, brother to Mr. Thomas Fanfhawe.
1669, Nov. 19. Sir Thomas Graves, bart. from Newgate.
1675, July 29. Sir Jofeph Colefon.
1707-8, March 3. The Rev. Mr. Staynoe, vicar,
1727, Nov. 11. Sir George Mertyns. Cloifters.
1 73 1-2, April 19. The Lady Sarah Floyer.
" 1764. According to an order of the Court of King's Bench, made on Wed-
nefday May 6, 1761, the bodies of Robert Munden and Anne Horfley were bu
ried in the paffage on the North fide of Chrift Church, to afcertain the right of
burying in that ground to the parishioners, by Rowland Sandiford, vicar."
" 1790, July 30. Difcovered a vault belonging to the pariSh of Chrift
Church under the old veftry door, with a flight of 1 7 fteps, the breadth 8 feet,.
length 13, depth 7, leading from the upper ftep of the North aile."
This proved an advantageous difcovery to the pariSh, for the vault was occu
pied but by one folitary body and a little duft. This body is' perhaps as great a
curiofity as any at prefent in London. When the Silent repository was explored,
it lay upon the pavement, entirely divefted of every fpecies of covering, but
completely perfect in all the limbs and features, and without a veftige that
could point out who the man was that is fo Strangely and unaccountably preferved
after his cerements had fallen into duft. .-<
The obliging and friendly Mr. Crowther was- fo good as to accqfnpany me to
examine this extraordinary perfon, in the month of September 1803, thirteen
years after the difcovery. I found him placed erect, in a deal cafe, with a longi
tudinal door. The head falls back, and is uow entirely bald, though, not' quite fo
at firft ; the eyes have periShed, and the griftle of the nofe, but the lips and fea
tures are perfect. The body is entire throughout, except in one inftance, and
the fleSh is firm enough to remove the Skeleton-like appearance which would have-
been obfervable had the fkin adhered to. the bones. The colour is exactly that of
parchment

UO CHRIST CHURCH. .
parchment expofed to the weather, or like that of the head of an old drum. The
worms have begun their operations, and it is perforated in many places as they
pierce a decayed book.
The fenfations produced by the view of this vault, and the remains of its foli
tary owner, were fuited to the gloom rendered visible by a fingle candle, and
excited to an intolerable degree by the glimpfes of a number of intruders, who
have driven him to a corner ; and I afcended fully determined never to be of their
party again, at leaft while alive. Monuments.
Between the South-eaft corner and a window in the chancel is a handfome tab
let, with a pyramid, urns, and drapery for the infcription.
" Sacred to the memory of Sir John Bofworth, knt. chamberlain of the city of
London, receiver general of the land-tax for the cities of London and Weftmin
fter, and county of Middlefex, and one of his Majefty's juftices of the peace for
the county of Surrey ; whofe extenfive capacity, found judgement, and unbiaffed
integrity, rendered his publick character univerfally admired ; whofe conjugal
affection, paternal-love, and focial virtue, were the distinguishing ornaments of his
private one. The former recommended him to the regard of his King, to the vene
ration of his fellow citizens, and to the honours conferred upon him by both ; while
peace of mind, and ferenity of temper, with the happy train of domeftic joys,
crowned the latter. It is difficult to determine whether the difcharge of his high
trufts gave more fatisfaction, or the refignation of them more concern, to his
constituents ; but both reflected the greateft honour on himfelf. He died Au
guft 3, 1752, aged 58.
" Sacred to the memory of Dame Pletier BoSworth, daughter of Noah Neale,
©f Stamford Baron, in the county of Northampton, efq. and wife to Sir John
Bofworth, knt. chamberlain of the city of London, with whom She lived upwards
of thirty-three years, happily united by conjugal affection snd the fincereft friend
ship.; and had iffue eight children, of whom only two fons, John and Samuel,
furvived her. She was amiable in her perfon, and in her conduct prudent, her
piety exemplary, her charity diffufive, and her benevolence univerfal. She died
Sept. 5, 1749, aged 56, " In

CHRIST CHURCH. 34I
" In memory of Dame Elizabeth, the fecond wife of Sir John Bofworth, whofe
eminent virtues, procured her univerfal efteem in this life, and will obtain a
better reward in that which is to come. She died without iffue, Aug. 30, 1758,
aged 5^."
On the pavement before this monument is a blue ftone, infcribed, •
" In memory of Richard BofwOrth, efq. eldeft fon of Sir John Bofworth, knt.
and Dame Hefter his wife. He married Mary, the youngeft daughter, and co-
heirefs of Richard and Barbara Johnfon, by whom he left two fons and one daugh
ter. He died Jan. 22, 1745, in the 27th year of his age."
On another adjoining ftone is an ardent collection of praifes, dedicated to the
memory of Katherine, fitter to the above gentleman, who was born Sept.i, 1717,
and died Jan. 26, 1 73 1.
On the Eaft wall a fmall tablet to Nicholas Richardfon, who died 1702.
On the North fide of the altar is the monument of Edmund Sherring, vicar of
this church, who died Dec. 16, 1690, and was buried near the rails.
Under Sherring's is another,
v " To the memory of the rev. and learned Jofeph Trapp, D. D. 26 years mini
fter of thefe united parishes; who died Nov. 22, 1747, aged 67, and was buried
in the church of Harlington, in Middlefex, of which alfo he was rector *. In
grateful acknowledgment of the benefits received by the ministry of fo excellent a
preacher, and fo valuable a friend, feveral of his hearers have, at their own
expence, erected this monument.
Epitaph written by himfelf:
" Death, Judgement, Heaven, and Hell ! think, Chriftian, think !
YoU ftand on vaft Eternity's dread brink :
Faith and repentance, piety and prayer,
Defpife this world, the next be all your care;
Thus, while my tomb the folemn Silence breaksj
And to the eye this cold dumb marble fpeaks,
Tho'- dead, I preach ; if e'er with ill fuccefs
Living, I Strove the important truths to prefs,
* From 1753, Of him, fee Lyfons, Middlefex Pavifh»6, p. 131.
Vol. III. Xx Your

*42 CHRIST CHURCH.
Your precious, your immortal fouls to fave,
Hear me at leaft, oh hear me from the grave * !"
In the North-eaft corner is a perfectly plain tablet, of white marble, on which
is fculptured, "Near this place lieth interred Mr. John Stock, citizen and draper, of Lon
don, many* years painter at his Majefty's dock-yards ; and having, with the
Strictest integrity, acquired confiderable wealth, bequeathed the major part for
the promotion of religion and virtue, the advancement of literature,, the relief of
the decrepid, and comfort of the blind. This memorial ftone is erected by his own
defire, that the particulars of his benevolence may be tranfmitted to posterity, and
the feveral objects of his bounty know where to refort for the completion of his
humane and pious intentions. He died at Hampftead, in the county of Middle
fex, the 2 1 ft day of Sept. 1781, aged 78 years, leaving Edward Montagu, John
Brettell, and Thomas Rumps, efquires, his executors, and the worShipful Com
pany of Painter Stainers in London his refiduary legatees. The following bene
factions are of three f>er cent, confolidated Bank annuities.
" 4200I. to the faid Painters' Company. Application of the intereft, iol. each
annually, to two decayed liverymen of that Company, and ten poor decrepid free
journeyman Ship or houfe painters. Thofe journeymen that are free of the faid
Company to be preferred.
" 3500I. to the fame Company. To ten poor curates, to be appointed and paid
annually iol. each, by the Treafurer and Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy,
or in default by the faid Painters' Company.
" iool. to the fame Company. For the Society for the Encouragement of Arts,
Manufactures, and Commerce, to promote drawing, fculpture, and architecture.
" ioool. to Corpus Chrifti College in Cambridge, for an exhibition at that
college, to a fcholar from St. Paul's fchool, London, to be prefented by the Com
pany of Mercers.
" 3000I. to Chrift's hofpital, to take in, maintain, and educate, four orphans,
to be prefented ; two for the navy, by the Comptroller of the Navy ; one by the
pariSh of Chrift Church, London, it" of the name of Stock to be preferred ; and
one by the Draper's Company, for trade.
" iool. to the Vicar and Churchwardens of Chrift's Church, London, for a
fermon to be preached, and the facrament to be administered, on Good Friday.
* Thefe lines are alfo on his monument at Harlington.
"The

CHRIST CHURCH. 343
" The folfowing bequefts are in money, and directed to be placed out at
intereft, and applied as follows.
"ioool. tothe minifter, and gentlemen parishioners, of St. John's, Ffampftead,
Middlefex, to cloath, educate, and apprentice, ten fatherlefs poor children, be
longing to the fame pariSh, fix boys and four girls.
" 300I. to the Treafurer and Corporation of the Sous of the Clergy, to appren
tice children, and relieve poor widows of clergymen.
" 1 Ooi. to the Minifter and Churchwardens of Chrift Church, Surrey, to cloath
decayed houfe-keepers of that pariSh, men and women alternately, not receiving alms.
" iool. to the fame Minifter and Churchwardens, to educate, cloath, and
apprentice, fatherlefs boys belonging to the parifli fchool.
" iool. to the Churchwardens and Overfeers of Chrift Church, London, to cloath
. alternately two poor men and two poor women, decayed houfe-keepers of the pariSh,
who never received alms ; and to maintain this memorial ftone and burial vault.
" iool. to the Treafurer of the ward-fchool of Farringdon Within, London,
for charity-children of poor parents, who Shall have faithfully ferved apprentice
ship, to enable them to take up their freedom of the city, or follow bufinefs.
" iool. to the Mafter and Wardens of the Drapers' Company, to be paid
annually to the poor of that Company.
" To the faid Painters' Company, the very confiderable refidue of his eftate,
vefted in the public funds, in the joint names of that Company and the Drapers'
Company, in truft for the Painters' Company, to receive and apply the intereft
annually to other charities, for blind and diftreffed people, on the humane plan
mentioned in his will."
On the North wall, Maria Huefton, 1685, aged 27.
Another ;
" Near this place are depofited the remains of Millar Southgate, merchant, of
this city, in whom good fenfe and moderation, unaffected piety, and univerfal
benevolence, were equally and eminently confpicuous. He died Dec. 9, 1799,
in the 57 year of his age, beloved, honoured, lamented. This tribute of affec
tion was erected to a memory fo dear, by his niece, Sarah Southgate."
On the South wall a plain tablet :
" Near this place lies interred the body of Mr. Thomas Bodington, late of this
parifh, who departed this life Aug. 24, 1726, setatis fuae 62."
Xxi Near

344 CHRIST CHURCH.
Near this place alfo lies interred the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Bodington, widow
and relict of the above-named Mr. Thomas Bodington, who departed this life
Aug 3, 1728, aet. fuae 59.
A very neat tablet, infcribed,
" M. S. Thomae Feme Londinatis, in academia Cantabrigtenfi doctoris, in,
Claffe Regia Medici ordinarii, bonis literis eruditi, et in arte felicis, qui, con-
tracta ab affiduis Studiis pulmonis tabe, nondum quadragenarius ; at laudis fatur
¦vitam cseteris omnibus quam fibi chariorem ccelo placidiffime reddidit, die
tertio Aprilis, A.D. 1706."
" Near the above :
" In the vault beneath are interred the remains of Thomas Jewer, efq. late of
Bath, and formerly of Jamaica; who died April 27, 1798, aged 59 years, juftly
regretted by his numerous friends." '
On the South wall, within the chancel, a large pedeftal and pyramid of varie
gated marble, with a white tablet, for the enfuing infcription :
" Haud procul ab hoc marmore depofitas funt exuviae mortales Petri Dore,
Norroy regis armorum, et S. S. A. cui in moribus fimplicitas, in negotiis diligen-
tia, in verbis fides, in colloquiis fuavitas, nUnquam defuerunt. Porro autem,
has virtutes, ceterafque omnes, quae civi funt ornamenta per totius vitae tenorem,
adeo feliciter excoluit ; ut ii foli, quibus haud innotuerat vivus, non defleviife
videantur mortuum. Natus 8 Januarii, 1715. Obiit 27 Sept. 1781.
" Fair virtue mark'd the courfe of life he ran.
And hail'd him from his zeal to trace her plari,
The nobleft work of God, an honeft man."
The moft important names recorded on the pavement are, Richard Roy-
ftone, efq. bookfeller to three kings, who died 1686, aged 86. Mary Chifwell,
his daughter, and Elizabeth Meredith, his grand- daughter, are interred near
him. Thomas Hillier, citizen and furgeon, 1690, aged 81. Lucy his wife, 1677.
And Thomas and James, their fons.
CaptaimValentine Pyne, 1691, aged 43.
Rolandus Sandiford, M.A. fupra 25 annos hujus ecclefiae viearius. Obiit 13 die
Aprilis, anno aetatis fuae 6^, Chrifti 1780. Ann

CHRIST CHURCH. 345
Ann Barker, widow of R. Barker,1 efq. of Great Plorwood, Bucks, 1753, 60.
Samuel Mael, 1753, 17.
Robert Mael, efq. deputy of Farringdon Within, 1772, aged 83.
Mr. John Stock.
The pavement is partially compofed of coarfe red marble, which is evidently
part of that of the old church of the Grey Friers.
Chrift Church contains five Corinthian pillars, and two pilafters in length, with
pilafters on the four walls. The cielings of the ailes have each fix fquare pannels,
' ' formed by cornices, extending from the pillars to the pilafters ; which cornice is
continued round the church, and from pillarto pillar. But why Sir Chriftopher
Wren robbed it of its upper members I am at a lofs to imagine, efpecially as he
has enriched the frieze. A band connects each pillar acrofs the arch of the nave
and chancel, which is decorated with alternate pannels of rofes and fcrolls, and
acanthus leaves.
The centre of each division contains a large rofe, from which arches commence
North and South, forming the tops of the twelve clereftory windows, whofe
bales are on a pannelled Attick, over the great cornice of the church. Their fides
are enriched with volutes, terminating in cherubim, the upper parts with fruit
and foliage. The arch of the nave is too plain in comparifon.
The two fteps leading to the altar are of black marble, and the pavement before
it of lozenges, black' and white. The table and rails are very plain. The altar-
piece confifts of four fluted Corinthian pillars, on pedeftals, whofe capitals and
mouldings are gilt. Each pair fupports a circular pediment, with urns, an
Attick and pine-apples gilt. Above and under the Creed and Paternofter are
rich carvings of feftoons, curtains, and flowers, raifed by gold. In, the centre
the Decalogue, in a large gbld frame.
There are three arched windows in the chancel between two pilafters ; the
middle one higheft, which has an Attick pilafter on each fide of its arch, con
nected by a cornice over it, and this fupports the arms of England emblazoned.
The moulding of the arch is filled with acanthus leaves gilt, binding white fruit
and flowers. The key- ftone three cherubim. The fronts of the pilafters are
filled by finely-executed fcrolls, and the urns on them are very rich. Grand
volutes connect their fides with the great cornice, on which they reft, richly gilt,
entwined with fcrolls, ribbands, and fruit. Over each fmaller window are pannels of

346 CHRIST CHURCH.
of gilt palm, grouped with flowers and foliage, and Shields, with, the cypher
G.R. ,
The organ is large, but much plainer than many others. On the fides of this
inftrument are the feats for the boys of Chrift's Hofpital, whofe voices (were they
not Strictly modulated by the efforts of Mr. Crowther, who takes the. pains to
tutor them in this refpect) would drown the loudeft notes of three. organs played in
unifon. Thofe who have had the heart-felt fatisfaction of attending a Spital Ser
mon on an Eafter Monday can beft judge of the effect.
The pulpit and deSk are on the South fide of the nave, near the chancel. The
former has a monftrous founding board ; but the front contains reliefs, of the Laft
Supper, and the Four Evangelists, admirably carved.
The font is handfome, the bafe of black marble, and the Shaft and bafon of
white, adorned with feftoons and cherubim.
A tablet in the chancel has the following lines.
" At a veftry, held March 2, 1764. Ordered, that the thanks of thefe two
united parishes be given to William -Sitwell, efq. for his prefent of a large branch
to this church.
" Ordered, that the thanks of thefe two .united parishes be given to Mr, John
Stock, for his prefent of the tables, containing the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and
the Ten Commandments, put up at the altar of this church."
There are two elegant tablets on the North Side of the 'chancel, on which the
gifts to this pariSh are recorded. Thofe fubfequent to 1700 are,
17 1 2. Edward Robinfon gave yearly for ever, towards the difcharge of any
poor inhabitants of this pariSh that Should be in prifon in London for debt, 4].
This bequeft is under the trufteejhip of the four common-council-men. who
reprefent the four precincts of this parifh.
1718. Mr. Theophilus Cater gave, to ten poor men of this parifh, yearly,
for ever, aos. each.
1728. Mrs. Elizabeth Brown gave, to the poor of this parifh, yearly, for
ever, 2I. ios.
1731. Henry Hoare, efq. gave by his executors, iool.
1732. Mr. William Horton gave, to put two boys apprentice, 20I. But iol.
received. 1736. Mrs. Mary Jennens gave to the poor of this parifh iool.
1739. Mr, John Pocock gave to the fame 25I. 1764.

CHRIST CHURCH. 347
1764. Mr. Charles Simfon gave to the poor. 50I. .
Mr. Stock's bequefts clofe the lift, which have been mentioned before.
The pariSh of St. Leonard, Fofter-lane, was united to that of Chrift Church
after the fire of 1666. The living of the former was originally worth i$g\. per
annum. The two are now, according to act of parliament, 200I. per annum.
The diffolved church was a rectory, and very fmall. It is fuppofed to have
been founded between the years 1231 and 1241, by the Dean and Canons of
St. Martin le Grand, who were incommoded by the inhabitants of their precinct
attending divine fervice at the altar of St. Leonard, within the conventual church.
They were confequently patrons of the living, and fo continued till Henry VII.
conveyed the deanery and church to the Abbey of St. Peter and Paul Weftmin
fter ; from the Abbot and Convent of which it defcended to the prefent Dean
and Chapter of Weftminfter.
The following chantries were held in this church.
" Roger of Northall, by his deed, gave, for the finding of a prieft there, a
quit rent, from a tenement in Aldermary pariSh, per annum, 20s.
, " Henry Edelmeton, temp. 7 Ed. I. gave two quit rents, from a tenement in
Fleet-Street, to find a prieft, 2I. 4s.
"Ifabel, daughter of Garrell Bate, gave by her deed, for finding a prieft, one
quit rent from a tenement in the parifh of St. Peter le Poor, per annum, 8s.
" John Moreflande, temp. 20 Ed. I. gave by will, for finding a prieft, an an
nual rent from a tenement in the pariSh of St. Botolph, Alderfgate-ftreet, 6s. 8d.
" William de Windfor, temp. 6 Ed. III. gave, for finding a prieft, a quit rent
from a tenement in the pariSh of St. Nicholas. Aeons, 3I. 13s. 4d. ; and another,
for the fupport of fix tapers and one obit, il. 2s.
" To beftow among the poor at the anniverfary, 9s. 8d. ; and for ringing 4d. ;
in all, 4I. 15 s. 4d."
St. Martin's le Grand.
This college confifted of a dean and priefts, or fecular canons. It owed its
origin to the piety of two brothers, Ingelricus and Edvardus, or Gerardus, our
historians are undecided which, in the year 1056. Twelve years afterwards Wil-
liam of Normandy confirmed the foundation, by a charter, dated in the 2d year
of his reign. This exempted the dean and canons. from almoft all ecclefiaftical
and temporal jurifdiaion. Thofe immunities and privileges were confirmed and
increafed

S48 CHRIST CHURCH.
increafed by many of his fucceffors ; but the privilege of fanctuary was the greateft
and moft pernicious indulgence which William granted them. It is one of thofe
wonderful proofs of ignorance and impiety which distinguished the dark ages of
fuperftition. We are at a lofs to conceive a motive for permitting a receptacle of
protection and fafety for traitors, murderers, and thieves, and making that recep
tacle a church and its vicinity.
William of Wickham repaired the college about 13.67.
Richard II. in the 7th year df his reign, granted new and ample privileges to
the Dean of St. Martin's and his Succeffors, on the petition of John Bacon, then
Dean, and his Majefty's Secretary.
"19 Hen. VI. Perampla exemptio judicii pro Sanctuario Sancti Martini Mag.
Lond. contra Major. Vicecomit. ac al' miniftros civitat. London*."
This grant is a proof of the pernicious confequences of a fanctuary within the
city of London ; which, if the poet is to be believed, was always
" The needy villain's genetal home,
The common-Shore of Paris and- of Rome."
But this effufion of fpleen is utterly falfe, for not a city of Europe has more
peaceable and quiet ftreets ; and this fact may be demonstrated by the poor and
venerable old men, to all appearance exdufively appointed for the night watch.
Happy inhabitants of London, you are deferving of freedom ; your virtuous and
juft oppofition to every fpecies of tyranny,' whether ecclefiaftical or civil, has at
laft delivered you from that oppreflion which established a neft of thieves in your
bofom, and kings that would protect them from your civil officers ! Your
Monarchs now prefide over the laws, not to violate but enforce them.
1485. James Stanley, dean of St. Martin's, had fome difficulty in retaining
his place, through the oppofition of the BiShop of Bath ; who, contrary to ufuaj
cuftom, would have had the deanery in commendam with his bifhoprick. The
Dean, in his petition for redrefs, complains that life had expelled him notwith-
ing his patent was for life. The King reinstated the Dean.
Mr. Madox has inferted the following article in his manufcript collection,
now numbered 4526 in the Britifh Mufeum, which he copied from the original
" in the treafury of the church of Weftminfter. Upon a fegment taken from the
* Cal, Rot. Patentium. bottom

CHRIST CHURCH. 349
bottom of the writ hangeth the remaining half of an oval feal of yellow wax, with
the effigies of the Queen Standing crowned."
" When a feoffment in fee was made of land, the cuftom or law was, that
a tenant for life of that land, or part of it, Should attorn to the feoffee ; after the
like manner, when a man, or a houfe of religion, was feoft of a church, which
had been holden in lay fee, the parfon of fuch church was obliged to attorn for
his church to fuch feoffee. For example, Maud, queen of England, wife
to King Henry I. (or perhaps to King Stephen), fent her writ or precept to
Walter, prieft of the church of Witteham, in thefe terms,
" I command, that within three days after you have feen this my writ, you, go
to St. Martin of London ; and, as. I bid you, do fealty to the Church of St. Martin,
and the Canons there, for the church of Witteham *, and its appurtenances, of
"which I have feoft them, faving your own rights, fo that henceforth you do hold
the fame of them during your life, in like manner as you held of Richard de
Boloigne, and do pay them yearly the fame rent or prestation ; for it is my will
that they be feifed thereof. Witnefs Warner de Luforiis, at Windre." ¦
Nothing is faid of the chantries of St. Martin's in the book I have fo repeatedly
quoted; but Newcourt mentions orte founded by Edmund de Hemenhale, mer
cer, who left feveral tenements for its fupport. This was augmented by Thomas
de Ufeflete, dean. St. Martin's le Grand.
Mr. Peter Burnell, prebendary, benefice 32I. 8s. goods 106I. fined iol. 12.
Sir Richard Drake, Stipend 4I. 6s. 8d. goods 15I. fined il. 18s.
Sir John Frampton, Stipend 5I. 6s. 8d. goods 20I. fined 2I. os.
Henry the Vllth's difpcjfal of this religious houfe is already noticed, vol.1.
p. 223. His fucceffor, in the 3 2d year of his reign, granted it to the new fee of
Weftminfter, and two years afterwards to the Dean and Chapter.
When Edward VI. diffolved the biShoprick, he conveyed St. Martin's, with the
jurifdi&ion of the fite and precinct, to the Bifhop of London ; but an act of par
liament reftored it to the Dean and Chapter as the abbot and convent of Weft
minfter had enjoyed it, their fucceffors are ftill in poffeffion of the fite ; but the
church was taken down foon after 1548, and the place covered with buildings,
long fince periShed, and Succeeded by others, whofe appearance is deplorable, for
* Wifham, Effex.
Vol. III. Yy which

3>0 CHRIST CHURCH.
which St. Martin's le Abje&e would be far more appropriate than St. Martin's le
Grand. The Dean and Chapter hold a court, and have a prifon, a Steward, and attor-
nies, for this precinct.
The average rents of nine houfes were 15I. about i8co ; and the ground rents
"8s. Some were at 20I. per annum, with a ground rent of 3I. 6s. 8d. ; others, in
Folter-lane, 40I. rent ; and 4I. 2s. 4d. ground rent.
Vicars of the United Parishes.
Thomas Stanoe, S.T.B. Jan. 31, 1690, per mort. Sheering, by the Governors
of St. Bartholomew's. He died 1707-8. Succeeded by
Samuel Barton, M. A.
Dr. Cannon.
Jofeph Trapp, D.D. 1721-2. Died 1747. Succeeded by
Rowland Sandiford, M. A. Dec. 12, 1754. Died 1780.
William Bell, D, D. Oct. 13, 1780. Refigned 1799.
Samuel Crowther, M.A. Feb. 17, 1800.

Christ's Hospital.

This grand national foundation has now flourished two centuries and an half:
Reader ! paufe, and reflect, that you may juftly appreciate the incalculable
advantages arifing from this Inftitution during the lapfe of the above extended
period. View the thronged cloifters of this venerable building; obferve the numer
ous youth conftantly gliding before you, with countenances glowing, features
expreffing the vivacity and pleafure of the foul ; remember your ancestors have
enjoyed that flow of exultation which now exhilarates you ; and remember
health and pleafure are attended by all thofe attainments which render man ufeful
and happy in fociety ; then refer to the founders oF Chrift's Hofpital, who,
though long Since dead, never can be forgotten by a native of England.
King Edward VI. a mere youth, the fon of a difgraceful tyrant, abounded with
the milk of human kindnefs : furrounded by the operations of defpotifm exhibited in

CHRIST CHURCH. 351
in every horrid form, he faw but to abhor them, but to expel from his virtuous
breaft thofe fiends which guided Henry VIII.
With a difpofition formed for the exercife of humanity and charity, he had the
good fortune to have fome perfons near him who were inclined to direct and
expand that difpofition. In this particular inftance Dr. Ridley, biShop of London,
had the fingular and enviable felicity of fuggefting before the King, in a fermon
preached at Weftminfter, the imperious demands of poverty upon the attention
and commiferation of the powerful and rich. Thofe fuggeftions made a deep
impreffion on the youthful Sovereign, who waired with impatience for the mo
ment when he could impart in retirement the impulfes of his generous mind to
the worthy BiShop. This moment at length arrived. See him clofeted with the
BiShop, full of humility, infifting upon his being feated and covered ; hear him
thanking the venerable prelate for his fermon, appropriating to himfelf the lead
ing fubject of it, and entreating for directions how he Should commence the
great and fwelling operations of charity and benevolence. "Truly, truly,"
exclaimed the good Ridley, " I could never have thought that excellency to
have been in his Grace,- but that I beheld and heard it in him." To dwell upon
this grand and affecting fcene, fee the BiShop loft in furprife, hefitating, fearful
of committing fome irretrievable error by precipitation, and recovering the hurry
of his fpirits, and the direction of his thoughts, in advifing the King to addrefs
his letters to the Corporation of London, announcing his intentions and foliating
their advice, to which he would chearfully add his own. This is done with the
double impetuofity of youth and generous feeling ; the BiShop flies to the Mayor,
who is acquainted with every movement before the clofe of this aufpicious day.
Sir Richard Dobbs, infpired by the wifhes of his Prince, loft no time in aSTem-
bling fuch men as were likely, with Ridley, to forward the work of benevolence.
The refult of thefe confultations is now under our contemplation : we find the
firft portion, the young objects of charity, established by King Edward VI. in the
houfe of the Grey Friers. Ridley and this Monarch originally fet the operations
of humanity in motion. The Mayor 'and Corporation of London are. directors
and promoters of the Inftitution ; and the whole community of Britain have the
valuable privilege and opportunity of carrying on this glorious work. In a nation
abounding with charity, how am I to enter into particulars ! I am bewildered in a
maze of names and a labyrinth of money : can the contributions of two centuries
and a half be particularifed ? No ; but their effects may, from the Report of the
Corporation in 1802. Yya "Children

352 CHRIST CHURCH.
" Children put forth apprentices, and difcharged from Chrift's Hofpital, the'
year laft paft, 194. Eleven whereof, being instructed in the mathematicks and
navigation, were placed forth apprentices to commanders of Ships, out of the
Mathematical School, founded by his late Majefty King Charles the Second, of
bleffed memory.
Children buried the year laft paft, five.
Children now under the care and charge of the Hofpital, in London and at
Hertford, 1047.
, To be admitted on prefentations granted to this time, 140.
The names of all which, as alfo when and whence they were admitted, will
appear in the faid Hofpital's books.
The fupport of this Hofpital principally depends upon benefactions and be
quefts. As that part of its income which is permanent is far Short of maintaining
the ufual number of twelve hundred children, whofe education qualifies them for
the church, for naval fervice, and for every Station in life, according to their
abilities ; and as the principles of religion, as well as the due order of civil
fociety, are points to which their attention is conftantly directed, it is hoped that-
all charitable and worthy good Christians will readily contribute to an Inftitution
which is not only of local but of national good. From the antiquity of the greater
part of the buildings in London, and at Hertford, they are become fo ruinous as
to be unfit for further repair; which is a circumftance that will fpecially call forth
the pecuniary aid of the benevolent, to enable the Governors to enter upon the
great work of rebuilding." The number in 1804 were, apprenticed and difcharged
189, buried 11, children at Hertford and London 1019, to be admitted 140.
The mighty undertaking of renovating this antient Structure was refolved upon
about a year paft. It muft neceffarily be a work of vaft expence, and effected in
more profperous times than the prefent. In the interval, nothing more appropri
ate can be introduced on the fubject than the following advertifement^ published
by the Governors.
," Chrift's Hofpital, 28th January, 1803. — The General Court having refolved,
if any furplus balance fhould arife, to appropriate fuch part of the fame as may
appear prudent, for the eftablifhment of a fund for gradually rebuilding this
Hofpital, the Governors take this mode Of ftating, that the neceffity thereof has
arifen from the very heavy annual charge of keeping in repair an ancient erection, which

CHRIST CHURCH. 353
which has been profeffionally declared incapable, in many parts, of being long
upheld, and from its having therefore been refolved,
" That it is far more for the intereft of the Hofpital to expend any fums
that may hereafter be voted upon a plan for the gradual and uniform rebuild
ing of the Hofpital, than to enter into a further repair of the prefent
buildings.
" The firft object in view by the Governors is as much as poffible to prevent a
decreafe in the number of children annually admitted— the fecuring this object
has hitherto prevented any appropriation to the Building Fund ; and it is not pro
bable that the general expences will ever permit any confiderable portion of the
income of this houfe to be fo applied : a former General Court therefore
" Refolved unanimously,
" That a fubfcription be immediately opened, to render effectual aid to
the fond which may arife from the appropriation of the furplus revenue
towards the gradual rebuilding this Hofpital on its prefent fite> and that
which the Governors are enabled to purchafe under the authority of Parlia
ment, for the improvement and enlargement thereof in London.
" Which refolution has already received the countenance of many Governors,
whofe names, and the fums they have fubfcribed, appear hereunder, and to>
whom the General Court thus make their public acknowledgments.
" Two other Royal Hofpitals, thofe of St. Bartholomew and St. Thomas, were
rebuilt by public fubfcription ; and after the liberal fupport this charity has expe
rienced for two centuries and an half, the Governors entertain the confident ex
pectation, that a Royal Seminary, rendered important to the kingdom at large
by its magnitude, and by the liberal education and maintenance it affords, will
alfo receive favourable attention from the generous and opulent upon fo interest
ing an occafion : and this General Court embrace the opportunity, fo early
afforded, of voting
Their Unanimous thanks to the Corporation of the City of London, for their
unanimous refolution " to fu'ofcribe the fum of One Thoufand Pounds towards!
the gradual rebuilding of Chrift's Hofpital upon its prefent Site;"
in which a further proof of the accuftomed protection and* attention of that
refpectable body to the orphans of this City and others is eminently conspicuous,,
and an example held forth worthy of imitation..
By order of a General Court holden this day,
Richard Corp, Clerk-
Account

354

CHRIST CHURCH.

Account of Subfcriptions.

The Corporation of London, £. iooo
Right Worfhipful Sir John Wil
liam Anderfon, bart. Alderman,
Prefident, - - - - ioo
Worfhipful James Palmer, efq.
Treafurer - - - - ioo
Ifaac Walker, efq. - - ioo
John Walker, efq. - ioo
George Godwin, efq. - - 200
Charles Piefchell, efq. - - 100
James Clitherow, efq. - - 100
Richard Clark, efq. - - - 100
John Atkins, efq. - - - 100
Clement S. Strong, efq. - - 100
Thomas Roberts, efq. - - 100
Francis Gofling, efq. - 100
Archibald Paxton, efq. - - 100
William Dent, efq. - - - 100
John Brickwood, efq. - - 100
Hon. Gen. William Hervey - 100
Richard Godwin, efq. - - 100
Thomas Coles, efq. - - - 100
Thomas Edward Freeman, efq. - 100
William Wilcox, efq. - - 50
Worfhipful Company of Grocers, 105
Samuel Long, efq. - - - 100
Thomas Latham, efq. - - 100
Robert Dent, efq. - 100
John Dent, efq. - - - 100
William Robinfon, efq. - - 100
Edward Forfter, efq. - - 100
John Godfrey, efq. - - - 100
Brook Watfon *, efq. Alderman, 100
William Pitt, efq. 30
Cornelius Denne, efq. - - 200

Hon. and Right Rev. Shute, Lord
BiShop of Durham, - £,106
Sir Richard Newdigate, bart. - 200
Right Hon Alexander Lord Vif
count Bridport, - - - 100
Richard I ea, efq. - - - 100
William Bofanquet, efq. - - 30
Thomas Sayer, efq. - - - 50
Rev. Matthew Thomas "- - 30
Benjamin Cole, efq. - - - 100
Solomon Flougham, efq. -' - 50
Charles Flower, efq. Alderman, - 100
James Jacks, efq. _j0
George Clark, efq. Alderman, - 105
Thomas Rowcroft, efq. Alderman, 105
David Pike Watts, efq. - - 100
Robert Precious, efq. - - 100
John Broadley Wilfon, efq. - 50
William Willis, efq. - _ 100
Thomas James, efq. 3 0
Rev. Robert Cranmer, - - 100
Ifaac HawkinsBrowne, efq. and Rev.
Thomas GiSborne, out of the eftate
of Ifaac Hawkins, efq. deceafed
One educated in this Houfe,
James Hayes, efq. -
Charles Teiflier, efq.
Charles Smith, efq. -
Robert Ladbroke, efq.
James Brown, efq. -
Thomas Coutts, efq. , -
Thomfon Bonar, efq.
J. C. Weguelin, efq.
' Sir Walter Rawlinfon, knt.
The Hon. Philip Pufey, -

* Now Sir Brook Watfon, baronet.

IOOO 100
- IOO
- IOO
- , io5
- IOO
- 50 '
IOO IOO
- 50
- IOO
- IOO
Clement

CHRIST CHURCH.

355

Clement Tudway, efq.
Samue! Hoare, efq. -
John Travers, efq. - - -
Thomas Whipham, efq. -
George Brooks, efq.
Jofiah Holford, efq.
John Jofiah Holford, efq. -
Thomas Prefton, efq.
Robert Stevenfon, efq.
William Darnborough, efq.
WorShipful Company of Mercers,
Worfhipful Company of Drapers,
John Conyers, efq; - - -
Samuel Turner, efq.
Thomas Scott, efq. -
The Amicable Society of Blues,
confifting of 20 Members, edu
cated in Chrift's Hofpital, per
Thomas James, efq.
Sir William Curtis, bart. -
Wakelin Welch, efq.
John March, efq. -
Right Hon. Earl of Radnor,
WorShipful Society of Apothecaries,

100 100
100 5°
IOO 50 50 50
IOO 50
210 2QO IOO 5°
IOO

250 IOO 50
IOO
400 105,

WorShipful Company of Fishmon
gers, ----- 105
Richard Chefter, efq. - - ibo
James Powell, efq. - 100
WorShipful Company of Skinners, 315
Jofeph Kemp, efq. - - - 50
Francis Magniac, efq. - - 50
James Hatch, efq. - - - 105
Philip Rundell, efq, - 105
John Weylarid, efq. - - 100
Lacey Pri matt, efq. - - - 50
Henry Cranmer, efq. - - 100
WorShipful Company of Iromongers, 105
WorShipful Company of Salters, 100
WorShipful Company of Fishmon
gers, fecond fubfcription, - 105
Right Hon. Lord Eardley, - 100
WorShipful Company of Merchant
Taylors,. - 105
James Graham, efq. - - - 100
WorShipful Company of Stationers, 100
Peter Pope, efq. _ _ _ £0
Sir Robert Peel, bart. - 100
Samuel Smith, efq. - - 100

Government of the Hospital.
The Prefident affembles the Governors, to form a General Court ; whofe author
rity is delegated when he is indifpofed to. the Treafurer, for this purpofe, under
the direction of a Committee of Almoners. His functions are Similar to- thofe
t
which belong to every institution governed by fuch an officer.
The Governor, after his appointment, is addreffed,. in full Court, in. the moft
impreffive manner, and required to perform the duties of the Station, faithfully and:
diligently. Fie is reminded that he is become, a diftributor of the good things- of
the Almighty to many helplefs children and others ; and that any neglect or
mifconduct will prove him a moft unworthy fervant, and vitally injure the fair-
fame.-

356 CHRIST CHURCH.
fame of the City of London. He is then folemnly required to promife, in pre
tence of the Affembly, that the work may be brought to perfection, and that the
infants committed in fome degree to his care Shall be well provided for, attended,
and instructed.
The Treafurer receives and pays all fums appropriated to the relief and comfort
of the children within the Hofpital ; of which he keeps an account, to be infpected
by the Auditors at pleafure, and to whom he is to produce the cafh remaining in
his cuftody. Flis annual accounts are made in December, and delivered before
February io. To relieve the fatigues of this office a Receiver is appointed, who
acts by the Treafurer's orders. This officer is expected to render a weekly
account of his tranfactions, or oftener if the Treafurer thinks proper, who is em
powered to leave any fum between iool. and ioool. in the Receiver's hands for
immediate demands, and to deliver money to him as exigencies require.
The Treafurer receives, within a month after his appointment, an inventory of
every article ufed for the hofpital in the cuftody of the Clerk of the Wardrobe, and
of every other officer, which are indented. One part is kept by the Treafurer, the
other by the perfon " charged." From thofe he annually examines each article,
acting as the circumstances arife. Collectors for the Hofpital are fubject r,o his
oontroul, and all the officers male and female may be reprimanded by him, or
reported to a General Court for any great omiflions.
The Treafurer is not to make payments for provisions, goods delivered, or
work done, before the bills are examined, and figned by three members of the
Committee ; excepting for nurfing of children, penfions, wages, fees, coals, and
goods purchafed by wholefale, and on which a difcount is made. The Treafurer
and two Almoners order all neceffaries for the children ; which are, linen, wool
len, Shoes, Stockings, caps, girdles, books, bread, meat, beer, butter, cheefe,
milk, coals, &c. Thofe are to be provided in due time, and at reafonable
prices. The Treafurer is befides to enforce the orders of the houfe, Summon the feveral
committees, and to prefide at them in the President's abfence ; and, laftly, to give
notice to the Court of the withdrawing any funis granted for the maintenance of
the houfe which appears likely to injure it.
When a Governor becomes a Committee-man, he receives a charge fomething
Similar to that firft inentioned, and is required to attend when fummoned by the
Prefident, Treafurer, or any five members, efpecially the Monthly Committees, " ufual

CHRIST CHURCH. 357
" ufual holidays excepted," and thofe held within fix weeks after Lady-day and
Michaelmas. When prefent, he is to examine the minutes entered by the clerk,
reftore omiffions, and rectify errors.
A Governor, as Auditor, is to enquire as to the capability of gentlemen nominated
for governors, whofe qualifications are fubmitted to him by a General Court. Fie
infpects the annual general account, and others, and reports to the Court the ftate
of the, Hofpital.
A Governor, as Rentor, when fummoned, attends all views, and affifts the
Treafurer and other Governors with his judgment as to the value of eftates or
houfes belonging to the hofpital, and in making a true report to the next Com
mittee ; affifts in letting them to tenants at will, or upon leafe, with due atten
tion to the ufual forms upon fuch occafions ; and, when expedient, to order
repairs, the particulars of which are entered in books, and fubmitted to the Court.
He is " to be careful that none of the Hofpital's leafes are affigned to paupers, or
other, improper perfons, and that no encrdachment be made on any part of the
Hofpital's eftates."
A Governor, as Almoner, examines the qualifications of children prefented for
admiffion ; and is enjoined that none are received contrary to the regulations in
force; to be particularly careful that they are legitimate, and that their parents
are not perfons in profperous circuniftances. The Almoner examines into the
ftate of the houfes in town and country, and the number of children within them ;
ufing his beSt endeavours that no more are admitted than can be comfortably fup
ported by the certain revenues of the foundation; and commodioufly lodged, at
the rate of two in a bed. Fie attends the visitations at the Stated periods of the
feveral fchools, to be fatisfied from his own obfervation, and from the report of
the gentlemen who kindly affift in the examination of the children, that the feve
ral mafters perform the duties prefcribed in their feveral charges, and obferve at
convenient periods the general conduct of the children, when under the direction
of the. officers appointed to fuperintend them in the intervals between fchool hours.
Several of the duties of this office have already been noticed: in addition to which
the Almoner yifits the Great Hall occafionally at the hours of refrefhment, in
order to 'obferve whether the provifions are good, properly" dreffed, and clean.
The wards in the fame manner are fubject to his infpection, for the purpofe of
fecuring proper attendance, the furnishing neceffaries, and cleanlinefs of rooms,
beds, and cloathing.
Vol. III. Zz The

358 CHRIST CHURCH.
The Almoner affifts in distributing, with benevolence and impartiality, the
penfions and gifts in the difpofal of the almoners, preferring the moft deferv
ing objects ; and propofes to a full committee any regulations conducive to the
welfare of this royal, extenfive, and moft ufeful, inftitutioii.
The Phyfician on a vacancy is appointed by a General Court ; but Charles II.
interfered on thofe occafions. Dr. Downes had fufficient intereft to procure the
three following recommendations, which I believe have never been printed.
" Thefe are humbly to certify, that John Downes, Dr. of Phyfick, hath
been for many years fellow of the College of Phyficians, and practitioner in
London ; and for his abilities and manners we judge him very fit for any employ
ment in his profeflion. J. W. Fraiser, Geo. Ent, Charles Scarburgh."
" To the Right WorShipfull Sir John Frederick, knight, and prefident of Chrift
Church Hofpital, and the Governors of the faid Hofpital. Gentlemen, Thefe
are to inform you, that Baldwin Hamey, late of Chelfea, in the county of
Middlefex, Dr. of Phyfick, deceafed, did, by a deed of fettlement, executed
in his life-time, give to Chrift Church Hofpital iol. per year, for the falary of a
Phyfician, to take care of the poor children thereof; and the fame to be one of
the fellows of the College, or commonalty of the faculty of phyfick .in London,
and therefore moft proper and fit for that employment; on condition, neverthe-
lefs, that, upon any vacancy of a phyfician's place for the fame, you elect one of
two perfons fo qualified, to be nominated and chofen by the Prefident and Elec
tors for the time being of the faid College, or the major part of them. Where
fore we whofe names are hereunto fubfcribed, being the major part of the faid
Electors, do certify unto you, that, in purfuance of the powers by the faid deed
to us granted, we have nominated and chofen Dr. Nathaniel Hodges and Dr. John
Downes, fellows of the faid College, to fupply the prefent vacancy of a Phyfi
cian's' place, as perfons whom we" judge moft proper and fit for that employment;
and do therefore recommend them as fuch to your good liking, defiring you (if*
vou. pleafe) that one of them may by you be elected thereunto.
" We are, Gentlemen, your very affectionate humble fervants,
" George Ent, Prefident.. Tho. Cox, Treafurer.
Charles Scarburgh, Elector Tuo. Witherly, Elector.
Sam:. Collins, Regiftrar." " Charles-

CHRIST CHURCH. u»
¦ " Charles Rex. Trufty and well- beloved, We greet you well ; Having
received very ample testimony of the learning, and knowledge., and experience,
of our trufty and beloved John Downes, Dr. in Phyfick, and Cenfor of the Col
lege of Phyficians, and being willing that Our Hofpital Should be provided with
an able Phyfician ; We have thought fit hereby moft particularly to recommend
him to you for the place of phyfician to that Our Hofpital, void by the death of
Sir John Micklethwaite ; Willing- and requiring you to confer the fame upon him
accordingly, to have, hold, and enjoy it, with all the rights, privileges, emolu
ments, and advantages, "thereto belonging-, and fo, not doubting your ready com
pliance herein, We bid, you farewell. Given at Our Court at Windfor, Aug. 2,
in the 34th year of Our reign. By his Majefties command, " Conway."
Dr. Downes did not receive the iol. per annum bequeathed by Dr.' Hamey, and
the College of Phyficians wished to have it believed that Dr. Cox was the perfon
elected; but in 1683 Downes applied to the Court of Governors, who agreed
with their Committee that he was not only fairly elected, but very attentive to
his duty. It is ufelefs to mention what is expected of the Phyfician of Chrift's
Hofpital ; indeed, when the extreme healthinefs of the children is confidered, the
office may almoft be pronounced aftnecure. In faying this, Iintend to convey my
feeble testimony in favour of the excellent difcipline and regimen of the place.
The Surgeon attends, when fummoned, all courts and committees, when chil
dren are admitted, in order to examine them, that none who have infectious dif-
orders maybe received, or that he may pronounce incurable if difeafed. He is
required to report anychild to the Almoners whom he may difcover fo Situated
after admiffion, to vifit the Hofpital daily, to attend thofe who may meet with
fudden 'cafualties. This Officer and the Phyfician are forbid to receive any other
remuneration than their ftatedfalaries.
The Apothecary is charged to refide conftantly in the apartments affigned him
at the Hofpital, and to attend no perfon whatever who is not an inmate of it.
He is not to be abfent one day or one night without good caufe ; nor then, with
out permiffion from the Treafurer, or a Committee of Almoners. He provides,
at the expence of the Inftitution, fuch of the beft drugs and medicines as the
Phyfician judges neceffary to be ufed, with care, and exclufively for the Hofpital,
the -reft'dent officers, their families and fervants; attends the Phyfician to the fick
Zz2 ward,

360 CHRIST CHURCH.
ward, and other inmates ; and prepares and adminifters his prefcriptions ; and may
act to the beft of his judgment in that officer's unavoidable abfence, provided his
proceedings are fubmitted to him on his return as foon as poflible.
The Nurfe of the Sick ward receives a folemn exhortation, exciting her to par
ticular humanity and tendernefs to the unfortunates committed to her care. She
is to receive all children brought to her by the feveral nurfes on account of indif-
pofition or lamenefs; to whom She gives her beft affiftance, till She obtains the
directions of thofe who profefs the art of healing. This perfon is allowed two
affiftants, whofe wages are paid by the houfe ; and She is required not to procure
any thing for the children in addition to the ufual allowance from the houfe,
unlefs directed by the Phyfician. She adminifters medicines prefcribed, and
declares their effects ; obeys the orders of the Matron as to the cleanlinefs and
comforts of the children; and thofe of the Steward for their government; and,
when it can be done without disturbing the Sick, or fatiguing the weak, a child
is appointed to read, a chapter from the Bible, and that part of the Form of
Prayer ufed in the houfe which is fuited to the hour of the day. She prevents
the children from playing at cards, dice, unlawful or hurtful games ; keeps them
calm and quiet, within the ward or adjoining Courts, and fummonfes before her,
at uncertain hours, the children under her care, and thofe who take phyfick,
three times daily ; calls over their names, which She delivers to the Steward,
noticing the abfentees at each call. This Nurfe is never to be from her Station
without permiffion. She keeps a book, in which is registered the names of the
children, when they came into her care, their leaving it, what their diforders ;
and, upon a death occurring, gives notice in writing, immediately, at the count
ing houfe. She is befides to attend divine fervice at Chrift Church, in her blue
livery, as often as the nature of her fituation will admit.
The Clerk attends in the Hofpital, and enters the minutes of proceedings in
different books ; one for thofe of the General Court, another for committees, a
third for the names of all children admitted, with that of their father, the parifli
to which he belongs, the period of admiffion, the name of the governor who
prefents, and the date and name of the parent or friend by whom a child is
difcharged. An apprentice book, for the name, refidence, and profeffion, with the amount
of fees given to mafters or miftreffes with each child ; a fifth, for the names of
nurfes in the country, their refidence, how many children they keep, their names, and

CHRIST CHURCH. 36 1
and what is paid or due to them ; another, to record the furvey of houfes or lands
belonging to the Hofpital, with the names of the governors prefent at the views ;
a book for estimates, in which is to be entered an account of repairs neceffary for
places in treaty for leafe, or are advertifed to be let ; a will-book, or regifter of
bequefts to the hofpital ; another for benefactions ; one for plans of eftates ; an
other for fchedules of fixtures ; a book for contracts with hofpital tenants, to be
figned by them ; and many others, demonstrative of the extreme regularity with
which bufinefs is conducted at Chrift's Hofpital.
The Receiver waits at the counting-houfe every day, excepting the ufual holi
days, from 9 o'clock till 3, for the purpofe of paying and receiving money ; the
particulars of which he enters in feveral books.
The Wardrobe-keeper and his affiftant keep an account of all the kerfies,
cottons, linens, cloth, Shoes, ftockings, caps, &c. bought for the ufe of the
children, and when and to whom they are delivered, which is rendered to the
auditors annually. He attends at the counting-houfe at the above hours, to
affift in the bufinefs of the day.
The office of Collector is underftood from the name.
The children of the Grammar-fchool are examined, in the months of March and
September, by an experienced perfon, who is appointed by the governors. The
upper and under Mafters commence teaching at 7 in the morning, from March 1
to November 1, and at 8 the remainder of the year, difmifs the boys at 11, begin
at 1, and conclude at 5, or at 4 in the winter. No child is to be taught Latin
till he can read English perfectly, and write well, the latter language grammati
cally. The upper Mafter examines the under Mafter's higheft form twice, yearly,
and takes thence fuch as he judges ready for his instruction.
A catalogue of the children, with their forms, is called over morning and
afternoon, and a copy delivered at the counting-houfe previous to each vifitation
by the Committee; and the Mafters are required to obferve the drefs of their
fcholars as to their cleanlinefs, and the propriety of their demeanour, who are not
to be difmiffed till the bell rings for that purpofe. The holidays allowed are,
1 1 days at Eafter, including Sundays, one week at Whitfunticle, at Bartholomew
tide three weeks, at Chriftmas 15 days, and the ufual Saint days, &c.
The Catechifer teaches the children the fundamental points of religion three
times each week, and at other times vifits the wards for the instruction of the
inmates. The

562 CHRIST CHURCH.
The English. Reading-mafter is authorifed to affemble all the children belong
ing to any two wards in the gram mar- fchool from eleven to 12 o'clock three
times a week, in order to obtain a knowledge of their progrefs. By this means
every child in the 12 wards are examined once in 14 days. He may fubftitute for
this purpofe, under his own obfervation, any boy intended for the Univerfity ;
"and appoints a Marker in the feveral wards, who is to obferve- and correct mis
takes in the reading of prayers, &c. who reads himfelf occafionally for example. If
the Marker is approved of for his diligence, he receives a filver medal of the
founder. There are two- writing mafters, whofe labours commence and terminate as
before mentioned, and two uShers. All children are admitted by order from the
Committee and Treafurer, figned by the Chief Clerk. The mafters fupply the
boys with neceffaries for their ftudies at difcrction, but render a half-yearly
account. A committee of Almoners examines the performances of boys at plea
fure, and the Strictest injunctions are given to prevent partiality, either volun
tary or bribed, to particular lads, who are punished by fhame, more than corporeal
fuffering, for neglect or mifconduct. In other refpects they are governed as in the
Grammar- fchool.
The Mathematical-fchool was founded by Charles II. whofe Mafter attends
Mr. Stone's and Mr. Stock's children. The hours for teaching are as before, and
the fynopfis as follows :
I. Decimal, fexagefimal, and logarithmetical, arithmetic, the extraction of
roots, and firft principles of vulgar fractions.
II. The ufual methods of finding the Golden Number, Epact, the Moon's age,
the time of her Southing, and alfo the time of high-water in any port.
III. The principles of geometry in the construction of fuch problems as are
ufeful and neceffary in the following articles.
IV. Plane and fpherical trigonometry in the refolution of all the various cafes
of rectangular and oblique angular triangles.
V. The ufe of the terreftrial globe in finding the latitudes and longitudes of
places, their angle of pofition, and the diftance between them.
Alfo the ufe of the celeftial globe in finding the latitudes, longitudes, right
afcenfions, declinations, amplitudes, azimuths, and altitudes of the Sun, Moon,
or fixed Stars; together wifh the times of their rifing, fetting, and culminating. VL Plane-

CHRIST CHURCH, 86«.
VI. Plane-failing ; namely, the working of traverfes, the refolution of all plane-
failing questions; with their application to failing in currents and turning to
windward. VII. Mercator's and middle latitude -failings, exemplified in the refolution of
all the ufual questions.
VIII. Projection of the fphere ; and the application of fpherical trigonometry
in the refolution of fuch questions in aftronomy as are neceffary in finding the
amplitudes, azimuths, altitudes, right afcenfions, declinations, and angular dif-
tances, of the Sun, Moon, and fixed Stars.
IX» The doctrine of pairallaxes ; and the method of computing their effects on.
the altitudes and angular distances of celeftial objects.
X. The ufe of inftruments proper for obferving the altitudes, azimuths, and:
angular distances, of the Sun, Moon, and Stars-; fuch as the quadrant, and am
plitude, and azimuth, compafs ; with the ufe of the obfervations in finding the
variation of the compafs, the latitude a Ship is in, aswell from the meridional
altitudes of the Sun, Moon, and Stars, as by means of two altitudes of the Sun
and the time which elapfes between the obfervations ; alfo in finding the longi
tude of the Ship1 by a time-keeper, and by the obferved diftance of the Moon
from the Sun or a fixed Star.
XI. The ufe of the plane and Mercator's charts.
XII. The ufe and application of the preceding articles in the actual working of
days' works, and correcting the dead reckoning by the obfervations.
Ten boys, who are upon the royal foundation, muft be qualified annually (in
the opinion of the Mafter and Wardens of the Trinity-houfe) for the fea- fervice;
but the Mafter of the fchool is permitted to enter his proteft againft any boy
admitted or recommended who is not fit by the age of fixteen. Before boys are:
received on the royal, or Mr. Stone's, foundations, they muft have proficiency in
the English language, write well, and have proceeded to the rule of three in
arithmetick. The firft clafs of the Grammar- fchool are affembled on Tuefday-
afternoon, and instructed in the niathematicks.
The Drawing-mafter attends, on Mondays, Wednefdays, and Fridays, from-
one till five in the fummer, and four in the winter, to inftruct the boys upon the
Royal, Stone's, and Stock's foundations, and any others that may be fent by the:
proper officers from the Writing or Grammar fchools. This Mafter has power to,
reject boys whofe talents appear infufficient- for excellence..
Tha

364 CHRIST CHURCH.
The Reading- mafter's employment needs no detail.
The Mufick-mafter teaches from one to three o'clock Tuefdays and Saturdays,
and attends at the Hall at public flippers on Sundays.
The Steward is charged to prevent children eating in the wards, unlefs by
exprefs permiffion from the Treafurer. He attends at breakfaft, dinner, and
fupper, in the Hall, at the ringing of the hell, where the children affemble,
thoroughly waShed, cleaned, and combed.
He prevents the children from wearing any other cloaths than thofe given by
the Hofpital, except a pair of Shoes, one Shirt, and a pair of breeches, at the
charge of their parents or friends, at firft coming. He attends them to Chrift
Church on Sundays to morning and evening fervice, and on faints and other
public days, when he obferves their behaviour and enforces Silence and attention.
He prevents the boys from leaving the bounds- of the Hofpital, by frequently call
ing them together at unexpected hours, and corrects abfentees. If a boy elopes
for a whole or part of a day, he receives public chaftifement in the Hall, and is
confined the next holiday to his ward. Thofe who have leave of abfence and
return too late are reported by the Nurfe to the Steward, who gives the names to
the Treafurer ; and if the Nurfe notices any repeated offence againft thefe rules,
or a boy lofes or deftroys his cloaths, the Steward is required to expel him, till he
can obtain re-admiffion from the Committee of Almoners. The remainder of
this officer's duty may readily be imagined.
From March to November the boys rife at fix and breakfaft in the Hall, feven
go to fchool, eleven return, twelve dine, one return to fchool, five return, fix
Sup, eight go to bed. Thofe hours are varied in winter.
The remaining offices of matron, nurfes, cooks, coblers, porters, and four
beadles, are conducted by rules calculated to infure cleanlinefs and health, pro
priety of conduct, and happinefs to all parties; but their'paiticular duties are fo
well known that an abstract of them would rather fatigue than entertain the
reader. In order to obtain a perfect knowledge of this inftitution, I have vifited all the
wards, obferved the long ranges of beds on each fide, their excellence, the fuffi-
ciency of their coverings, and the neatnefs and perfect order reigning throughout
each, with the refpectful conduct of the various nurfes; have entered the different
fchools unexpectedly, and been gratified by the Spontaneous and almoft mechani
cal rifing of refpect of the children, and politenefs of the matters; have feen the
whole

CHRIST CHURCH. 3(55
whole great family at their meals and at their devotions, and at the hour when
the various performances in drawing arid writing were exhibited; and can, with
the moft fcrupulous regard to truth, fay, never was inftitution better conducted,
or more honourable to a nation.
% The exhibition of drawings and fpecimens of writing takes place in the Hall.
Each boy is feated at the fables with his performances before him. Many of the
latter are of fuperlative excellence, and the worft would procure the writer a fitu-
tion in the moft faftidious merchant's counting-houfe. The drawings, being the
products of an uncontrouled and innate property of the foul, are far inferior in
execution to the writing. Numbers of excellent draftfmen are juftly afhamed of
their juvenile performances ; which are always moft free and fpirited when unre
strained by fUles, and not confined to imitations of imitations of Nature. I have
long acknowledged the propriety of the advice given to me by the prefent Prefi
dent of the Royal Academy: " Take your canvas and paints into Hyde-park ; let
your eye decide which tree is picturefque ; fiudy that ; draw all the ramifications
of the branches, and then tint the foliage from Nature." Wright of Derby fent
me amongft the precipices and crags of Dovedale. When he faw what I had
done, he exclaimed, " I know your points. of view ; you have copied faithfully;
but obferve, in fome places Nature herfelf has erred; your future judgement and
experience will Shew you where her colouring is too Strong, or her lines too paral
lel for the critic's eye."
The drawings exhibited were generally well performed, in good perfpecttve,
and clearly coloured, and certainly full as much fo as any produced within a fchool
can be.
The public fupper is a grand fpectacle : a table extends up the midft of the
Hall, and there are others on the fides, which are covered with clean white cloths ;
neat wooden platters, and little wooden buckets for beer, with butter, grace the
board. At the South end either the Prefident or the Treafurer, with fuch of the
Governors as it may fuit to be prefent, are feated ; and behind them fuch
visitors as obtain tickets of admiffion. The Mafters of the School, with the
Matron and Steward, attend at the upper end ; and the Nurfes of each ward pre
side at the tables, on which are a great number of candles, which, with many
patent lamps and a large luftre, form the light of the Hall.
The ceremony of the evening- commences by three Strokes with a mallet, which
produces the moft profound filence. A youth then reads from the pulpit a chap-
Vol. III. Aaa ter

366 CHRIST CHURCH.
ter from*[the Scriptures. During prayers the boys ftand; and the refponfe Amen,
pronounced by about 800 youthful voices, has a moft extraordinary effect. A
pfalm or hymn is fung by the whole affembly in unifon, accompanied by the
organ. Such is the modulation and restraint of the voices, that, though numerous
enough to deafen the hearer, the founds afcend in powerful yet gentle, ftrains to
the Throne of Mercy, for bleffings on -the Founders and Benefactors. Indeed, the'
harmony would be complete., were it not for the unpleafant s that.hiSTes through
our language, which is particularly perceivable in the Hymn fung, by the Boys of
Chrift Church, and may perhaps be unavoidable.
When fupper is concluded, the doors of an adjoining -ward are thrown open, and
the fpectators are invited to view it; after which the. wards pafs before the Pre
fident and Governors in proceffion, in the following order : The nurfe ; a boy
carrying two lighted candles ; others with the - bread- baskets and trays ; and the
remainder of the members of the ward in pairs ; who all bow before the Prefident.
The Building
is compofed of the greater and leffer Cloifter, , which has before been mentioned
as the original cloisters of the Monaftery of the Grey Friers,, views of which, are
annexed. Neither the entrance from Newgate-ftreet, nor indeed either of the
others, can be noticed without condemnation ; but fome fatality feems to prevail
in this particular throughput London. Many a noble building, and many hon
ourable charities, are buried in obfcurity, and furrounded by wretchednefs (at
leaft in external appearance).. * I confefs that I inhabited London for fome years,
and paffed through Newgate-ftreet an hundred times, ere I knew that Chrift's
Hofpital lay within, a few feet of the Street. When the Structure is rebuilt, I Sin
cerely hope a front, or grand entrance,, will Shew the Stranger that London con
tains fuch a treafure. .,, .,-•-¦-. •
The Hofpital is too detached and feparated for defcription \ but the large and
excellent new grammar-fchool is a good Specimen of what may be expected. The
infide of this building is appropriated to the under, and upper fchools. The latter
contains a portrait of John Smith, efq. educated in the Hofpital, afterwards one
of its governors, and a liberal benefactor, particularly towards building this
fchool. He died June 1783, aged 79. The features are regular, and placid.; he
wears a wig, and is reprefented in laced clothes. There

CHRIST CHURCH. afil
There are two infant libraries belonging to this fchool; one of the Claffics; the
other, of Englifh books, was founded by twelve gentlemen who had been fcholars
and afterwards governors.
The Court-room
is of the Doric order, and has four pillars fupporting a frieze acrofs it, with enriched
arches. In each corner are two pilafters ; and the frieze, without a cornice, is
continued round the room. The wainfco/ is panneled, and the cieling plain, with
a kind of fan in the centre. On the Weft fide a handfome marble chimney-piece.
The President's chair ftands under a little canopy, upon brackets, at the North
end, with the arms of England over it.
Beneath, is the half-length portrait, by Holbein, of King Edward VI. The paint
ing, on pannel, is in perfect prefervation ; the countenance very fair and delicate j
the nofe Grecian, the lips full, blue eyes, and the hair inclines to red. He wears
a flat hat, with a white feather falling on the left Side ; his coat, with half Sleeves,
is crimfon, and, in the painter's term, glazed over a lighter colour, on a border
of deep red, embroidered with golden tracery, down each breaft are double rows
of gold wire or baSket buttons, the lining ermine ; the waiftcoat reprefents white
cloth or Silk, richly embroidered with gold in fquares ; and his legs are covered
in the fame way; the Shirt has a fmall frill round the neck. The hands are
employed in an awkward pofition, holding a dagger in the right with a blue
taffel ; the left thumb is hooked to the girdle, and thus fupports the arm acrofs his
waift. It is not improbable, however, that this was a favourite attitude with the
King; but the dagger is undoubtedly the painter's. Edward Stands, under a
canopy of cloth of gold fringed.
On the right fide of the above picture is a feated half-length of Charles II. in
his regal habit, by Sir Peter Lely. His left hand refts on the arm of the chair; '
and the right is fupported by a table, on which is the crown. The countenance
has more placidity of features than the portraits of Charles generally exhibit.
The lights on the drapery are much too Strong.
On the left a half-length of James II. The right hand points to the crown and
globe. Over James a portrait of Thomas Barnes, efq. 1667. The drefs is a black
furred gown, with band and cuffs ; the hair black, as are. the eye-brows and
* A good engraVing from this pi&ure was lately publiftied by Mr. Wilkinfon of Cornhill.
A a a 2 -whiskers ;

368 CHRIST CHURCH.
whiSker?; his countenance is keen, and rather tainted by a puritanical expref-,
fion ; the attitude ungraceful, with the left hand refting on a table, and the right.
holding gloves fringed with gold.
A portrait of Sir Thomas Vyner, bart. prefident 1658, in his civic robes and
large band, leaning, in an eafy pofition, on a pedeftal ; the face full, and marked
by age ; a good eye ; white whifkers ; and beautiful curled flaxen hair, partly
concealed by a black cap.
Above Charles II. Dame Mary Ramfey, 1599, a munificent benefactrefs to
this Hofpital. Her right hand refts on an indenture or will, the left points,
upwards ; the drefs, a black petticoat ; red Silk gown, like thofe of the prefent'
fafhion, with half fleeves, furred ; the Shoulders are covered by a kind of black
neck-kerchief; a fur tippet; large ruff on her neck, and others on the under
black fleeves ; a chain of gold round the waift, with a jewel fufpended to it ; a
• clofe cap ; and low-crowned black hat, whofe brim covers part of the forehead ;
the face is full, and perhaps about 50, with regular, but not handfome, features.
The attitude is primnefs perfonified.
Sir Wolftan Dixie, knt. lord mayor of London anno 1585, and prefident, 1592,
of this Hofpital, to which he was a worthy benefactor. This is infcribed on a
Shield in the back ground. The Knight leans on a table, with a rich embroi
dered glove on his right hand, which holds the other; the left refts on his hip.
The drefs is the mayor's official robes ; he wears a fmall hat, a ruff, and a vener
able large curled white beard ; the face is flefhy and florid, rather wrinkled about
the. eyes.
On the Weft wall a head of Mr. Richard Young, 166 1. This gentleman is
reprefented in a black drefs, with a very large laced ruff, Whifkers, pointed
beard, and chefnut-coloured hair. The features are handfome and.. regular, but
appear delicate or unhealthy. The painter, who was a good one, has preferved a
peculiarity, which is the taffel of the band twifted round the fore finger of the
right hand.
Sir John Leman, knt. prefident 1632. This picture is wretchedly bad. Sir
John is habited in fcarlet furred robes, and the painter, has conveyed his effigies
to us as a diminutive crabbed old man, in a pointed beard, whifkers, with grey
hair and ruff, leaning on a chair.
Sir Richard Dobbs, knt. 1553, atatis fua: 65. He is Shewn in his robes, and
\vears a fmall black hat, a plaited frill round his neck, and a black coat. He
holds

CHRIST CHURCH. 369
hojds a book, with the fore-finger between the leaves, in both hands. I fancy
the painter has been rather deficient in the art of drawing ; for the features have
an odd expreffion, which I am perfuaded did not belong to the original. Under
this portrait are the enfuing lines, that evince English poetry is greatly improved
fince the days of the worthy Mayor.
" Chriftes Hofpital erected was, a paffinge dede of pittie,
What tyme Sir Richard Dobbe was maior of y" moft famous citie ;
Who carefull was in government, and furthered much the fame;
Alfo a benefactor good, and joyed to fee it frame ;
Whofe picture heare his friends have fett, to putt each'wighte in minde
To imitate his vertuous dedes as God hathe us aflinde."
Over the chimney Sir Chriftopher Clitherow, knt. prefident 1641. This is a
very good portrait, in the city robes. The left hand extends on a book upon a
table, the right croffes his breaft ; the Qeeves are of crimfon Silk, with fmall laced
cufts, and the ruff is large, and laced ; his hair white, whifkers, and pointed
beard ; the features are remarkably pleating and venerable.
Sir John Frederick, knt. prefident 1662; feated, in the. city robes; his left
arm on that of the chair, an open letter in the right hand ; a fmall full-bottomed
white wig, whifkers, a tuft of white hair on the under-lip, and black cap.
Sir John Moore, knt. prefident 1684. A portrait of much merit, particularly
in the drawing. He is feated ; the right arm refts on that of the chair, the other
points ; a black full-bottomed wig. The features are coarfe and Stern.
Henry Stone, efq. 1693. This gentleman, cloathed in a black robe, lined
with blue Silk, reclines on a bank, with his left arm croffed on his breaft ; the
hair flowing, and of a light brown ; the countenance young, and remarkably
pleafant and handfome.
" Thomas Parr, efq. of Lisbon, merchant, educated here. He died July 1,
1783, aged 64 years." Mr. Parr is reprefented as feated near a table, with his
legs croffed, and both arms refted on thofe of the chair. He holds in the left
hand a letter addrefled to the Prefident and Governors ; and is habited in blue
velvet, with an embroidered white fatin waiftcoat, and point laced ruffles. The
features are large and prepofleffing.
On the South wall, Sir Francis Forbes, knt. and alderman of London, lord
mayor, prefident, and a worthy benefactor, 172,7 ; a very good feated portrait, in.
. robes.

370 CHRIST CHURCH.
robes. The full round countenance beams with hilarity and good humour, from
beneath a large flowing wig.
On the left fide of Sir Francis is another, the very revcrfe, of Erafmus Smith,
efq. 1666. This gentleman, in his black furred gown, and large wig, has received
from the painter a moft unfortunate turn of countenance, mortified and dif-
pleafed. Daniel Colwall, efq. 1690, is an old man, feated, in brown and lead-coloured
filk robes, and dark wig, pointing at a book held in his right hand. The features
are Strong, but pleating.
Mr. Thomas Stretchley, 1692, in filk robes, refting on a table; dark wig; his
face the very counterpart of the late Mr. Parfons, of Drury-lane theatre, confe
quently all fpirit and vivacity.
John Morris, efq. 1670. Another elderly gentleman, feated, in long black
hair, with a round face.
Richard Clark, efq. late prefident of this Hofpital, now chamberlain of London.
The gift of Edward Parry, efq. 1800. A very good picture, by Mather Brown.
Mr. Clark is Standing, and habited in a purple fuit, with point-lace frill and
ruffles, and a black furred gown, with his own hair full-dreffed. The city of
London's mace, &c. are Shewn in the back ground ; the left arm and a fword reft
on a pedeftal, the right is extended as if fpeaking ; the features, like thofe of
the original, are benevolent and pleafant.
In this room, three times in a year, on Eafter Monday, St. Matthew's-day, and
on the acceftion of Queen Elizabeth, a fmall number of the governors partake of
a plentiful but frugal dinner, in the true old ftyle of English hofpitality ; when
the fide-board is adorned with a pleafing difplay of a fmall quantity of old plate
of the Elizabethan age, among which are fait-fellers of the true antique, apoftle
fpoons, and an antient horn Similar to thofe which have not unfrequently been
the fubject of antiquarian difcuffion.
The Counting-house under the Court-room contains feveral portraits, none
of which have any particular merit. The perfons reprefented are, Thomas Single
ton, efq. citizen and Skinner, 1653; John Fowke, efq. 1691 ; Thomas Barnes, efq.
haberdaSher, 1666; William Gibbon, efq. treafurer, 1662; Thomas Dyer, efq.
1748 ; Mrs. Dyer, fen. ; Mr. Dyer, jun. ; and Mrs. Catharine Dyer.
The

CHRIST CHURCH. 311

Th:e Hall.
It will be recollected that the Governors of this Hofpital have declared the
buildings incapable of further repair. The Flail may be adduced in proof of
their affertion. The ravages pf time and long-ufe are perceptible on the Stairs,
which are worn nearly through.
I entered the Hall for the purpofes of my work alone, and feated myfelf at a table
attentively to confider the paintings. After a few minutes filence, and Iliad begun
to imagine myfelf in the prefence of King Edward and his court, my attention
was withdrawn by fudden noifes, that proceeded from the walls in every direc
tion. In a few minutes I was furrounded by company that would have expelled
fifty ladies from the Hall in an inftant, with fcreams of terror and difmay. A
fet of wandering and intrepid fpirits glided before me, regardlefs of the fixed
hoftility of' my intrufion on their domains. After fome minutes had elapfed in
profound filence, two figures in long blue garments emerged from an angle of the
room. They affumed the forms of beautiful and ruddy youths, whofe hair, in
long ringlets, Shaded their features, full of earneftnefs and vivacity. Determined
not to interrupt this fpectacle of motion without voice, I fat in expectation,
when one of the youths darted forward, exclaiming, " I have got him ;" and fo
indeed he had, a fine full-fed rat, the unfortunate animal of at leaft 20 brethren..
Rat-catching is a favourite amufement with many of the boys, who difdain the
cowardly ufe of traps as much as the rats do fear. Hundreds of thofe destructive
creatures traverfe the room after meals without the leaft alarm, and even run
along the tops of the picture-frames. The boys however fometimes receive
fevere bites in this peculiar mode of rat-catching. The refidence of thofe intru-
• ders demonstrates the danger of the building, where fuch enormous weights are to
be fupported as. much more than a thoufand perfons occafion.
Holbein's great picture of the Mayor and Corporation, &c. receiving the royal
grant for the three Hofpitals has often been noticed, but feldom, perhaps never,
criticifed. This taSk remains to be performed by me, with candour. It adorns
the Weft wall, and is placed near the entrance at the North end of the Hall.
The King is feated on a throne, elevated on two Steps, with two very clumfy
brackets for arms, on which are fanciful pilafters, adorned with carving, and an
arch; on the left pilafter a crowned Lion holding a fhield,, with the letter E; a-
Dragon*

372 CHRIST CHURCH.
Dragon, on the other, has another infcribed R. Two angels, reclining on the
arch, fupport the arms of England. The Hall of audience is reprefented as
paved with black and white marble; the windows are angular, with niches
between each. As there are Statues in only two of thofe, it feems to confirm the
idea that it is an exact refemblance of the royal apartment.
The artift has beftowed his whole attention on the young Monarch, whofe atti
tude is eafy, natural, and dignified. He prefents the deed of gift with his right
hand, and holds the fceptre in his left. . .:
The fcarlet robe is embroidered, and lined with ermine, and the folds are
correctly and minutely finifhed. An unavoidable circumftance injures the effect
of this picture ; which is, the diminutive Stature of the Infant King, who Shrinks
into a dwarf, compared with his full-grown courtiers; unfortunately reverfihg the
neceffary rule of giving moft dignity and confequence to^the principal perfon in
the piece.
The Chancellor holds the feals over his croffed arms at the King's right hand.
This officer and three others are the only Standing figures. Ridley kneels at the
foot of the throne, and Shews his face in profile, with uplifted hands. On the
right are the Mayor and Aldermen, in fcarlet robes, kneeling. Much cannot
be faid in praife of thofe worthy men. The Mayor receives the gift with a Stupid
expreffion of aftonifhment, fpreading his left hand, whilft every one of his brethren
feem to leer from their left eyes on the King ; and the extenfion of his arms and
hands implies too much general wonder, which the artift appears to have fubfti-
tuted for admiration, refpect, and gratitude.
The Members of the Common Council, &c. on the other fide, are grouped
with more Skill, and the action more varied. The. heads of the fpectators are
generally full of anxious attention.
But five of twenty-eight children who are introduced in the fore-ground turn
towards the King ; the remainder look out of the picture.
The Matron on the girls' fide (if a portrait) was chofen for her mental and not
her perfonal qualifications.
Such are the merits and defects of this celebrated painting; which, though
infinitely inferior in execution to many of Holbein's Dutch and Italian cotem-
poraries, is a valuable and in many refpects an excellent historic composition.
Verrio's enormous picture muft originally have been in three parts ; the centre
on an end wall, and the two others on the adjoining Sides. Placed thus, the
perfpective

CHRIST CHURCH. 373
perfpective of the depths of the arches would have been right j as it is at prefent,
extended on one plane, they are exactly the reverfe. The Audience-chamber is
of the Ionic order, with 20 pilafters, and their entablatures and arches. The
paffage, feen through thofe, has an interfected arched cieling.
The King fits in the centre of the painting, on a throne of crimfon damaSk,
with the royal arms embroidered on the drapery of the canopy, the front of
which is of fringed white cloth of gold. The foot-Stool is of purple cloth of gold ;
and the fteps of the throne are covered by a rich Turkey carpet, not remarkably
well painted. The King holds a fcroll in his left hand, extends the right, and
feems to addrefs a perfon immediately before him. The pofition of his body,
and the fore-Shortened arm, are excellent, and the lace and drapery are
finely drawn and coloured. On the fides of the throne are two circular portraits*
The painter has committed a Strange error in turning the King's face from the
Lord Mayor, who points in vain to an extended map, a globe, and all the kneel
ing figures, exulting in the progrefs of their forty boys in the mathematicks,
who are bufiiy employed in producing their cafes and definitions. Neither, _ in
fuch an attitude, could the King obferve fourteen kneeling girls, though their
faces and perfons are handfome and graceful, and the Matron and her affiftant
feem eager to place them in the Monarch's view. Verrio has Stationed himfelf at
the extreme end of the picture, and his expreffion appears to enquire the Specta
tor's opinion of his performance. On the oppofite fide a yeoman of the guard
clears. the way for fome perfon, and a female feems alarmed at his violence, but
a full-dreffed youth before him looks out of the picture with the utmoft indiffer
ence. There is one excellent head, which Speaks earnestly to a boy., Another
figure, probably the mafter or Steward, pulls a youth's hair with marks of anger.
Several of the lords in waiting are correct and good figures.
At the upper end of the room, and on the fame Weft wall, Is a large whole
length of Charles II. defcending from his throne, a curtain from which is turned
round a pillar. The King holds his robe with the right hand, and points, with
the left to a globe and mathematical inftruments.
1 Some years paft an addition was made to the Hall by taking part of the ward
over the South cloifter into it. In this are feveral portraits". Queen Anne,
fitting, habited in a gown of cloth of gold, with a blue mantle, laced with gold,
and lined with ermine; her black hair is curled, and without ornament; the
Vol. III. B b b arms

374 CHRIST CHURCH.
arms are too fmall ; out the neck and drapery are good ; She holds the orb in her
left hand, refted on the knee, the right croffes her waift.
Jofiah Bacon, merchant, died 1703. Whole length, in a crimfon filk gown,
refting his right hand on a table, with a letter in it. A good picture, the drapery
particularly fo.
William Garway, efq. died 1701. An indifferent whole length.
Sit F. Child, knt. and alderman, prefident, died 171 3.
Sir F. Child, knt. and alderman, prefident, died 1740.
Neither worth defcribing.
Nearly oppofite Chrift's Hofpital, at .the North end of Warwick- lane, and very
near Newgate-ftreet, is
THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.
, In the third year of the reign of Henry VIII. an act of parliament was paffed,
which provided that no perfon within the City of London, or who refided within
feven miles of it, Should exercife the profeffion of a phyfician or furgeon, unlefs
he was firft examined, and approved by the BiShop of London, or the Dean
of St. Paul's for the time beirig, affifted by eminent men in the art of medicine.
In the 5th year of the fame King, all furgeons were exempted from ferving the
offices of conftable, watchman, &c. and from bearing armour, and from inquefts
and juries, within the city of London.
In the 10th of Henry VIII. the King granted his letters patent, erecting a
College of Phyficians for the city and fuburbs of London ; which patent enabled
the members to make Statutes and ordinances for the government of the College
and all its members, together with thofe who practifed within feVen miles of this
city; and authorifed the Prefident and College to forbid . practice by any perfon
unlefs poffeffed of a licenfe under feal from the College, establishing a penalty of
•4;1. per month on all delinquents. It alfo provided that four members of the
Inftitution Should be chofen annually as cenfors, or fuperintendants, of thofe who
practifed within the jurifdiction of the College. Parliament confirmed this patent
14 and 15 Henry VIII. ; and enacted that eight elects were to be appointed, from
whom the Prefident was to be chofen annually ; who, with three elects, were
authorifed to examine phyficians within the feveral diocefes in England, except-"
ing graduates of the two univerfities. 32 Henry

CHRIST CHURCH'S 375:
32 Henry VIII. another act was paffed, by which members of the 'College' were
exempted from watch and ward, and from the other ufual civic offices ; and that
enabled four fellows to fearch, for and examine drugs vended by apothecaries,
and to burn all unfit for ufe ; affifted by the wardens or warden' of that
Company. 1 Mary. An act fecured to them all their privileges, and required municipal
officers to aid and affift the Prefident and College in the execution of them.
Queen Elizabeth, James I. and Charles II. feverally granted tllem their letters
patents, enlarging and confirming their rights.
The College published the following notice in the Gazette for March 1, 1687.
" Whereas there are in and about this city feveral perfons practising phyfick, who
have not yet been examined and licenfed by the Prefident and Cenfors of the Col
lege of Phyficians •, thefe are to require all fuch perfons forthwith to repair to die
faid Prefident and Cenfors, for their examination and licenfe to practife, that they
may hereby prevent their being profecuted according to the laws, and his Majef
ty's Special command."
To this they added, in the following year, " A Short account of the inftitution
and nature of the College of Phyficians^ London."
" The College of Phyficians in London being conftituted of men of generous and
•liberal education, and inftituted for public benefit, out of which no perfon of
fufficient capacity and learning can be excluded, confifts of a Prefident, Fellows,
Candidates, Honorary Fellows, and Licentiates.
1. Fellows are doctors of phyfick chofen out of the Candidates, who have been
always limited to a certain number (formerly 40), and are now confined to the
number of 80, by his prefent Majefty's gracious charter.
2. Candidates muft be doctors in phyfick, admitted to that degree in one of
our own univerfities ; muft not be foreigners ; and ought to have practifed phy
fick four years before they are admitted into that order.
3. Honorary Fellows are fuch doctors of phyfick as, by reafon of their being
foreigners, or having taken that degree in fome univerfity beyond the feas, are
not incorporated into either of ours ; or for fome other reafon. (having not been
Candidates) are not of the number of thofe who have votes in the affairs of the
College. 4. Licentiates are fuch other perfons Skilled in phyfick who, by reafon of their
being foreigners, or their not being admitted doctors in one of our univerfities, or
B b b 2 for

S7S ' CHRIST CHURCH.
for their not being eminently learned, or by reafon of their too great youth, or
fuch like caufes, are not capable to be elected into the number of Candidates ; yet
may, notwithftanding, be ferviceable to the publick in taking care of the health
of the king's fubjects, at leaft in fome particular difeafes.
Now of all thefe feveral ranks and degrees of practifers in phyfick, none of them
is confined to any certain number but the Fellows and Candidates ; fo that, the reft
being wholly unlimited, no perfon can be excluded out of the College, or debarred
from practice, but fuch as are fo wholly illiterate and unfkilful that they dare not
adventure to fubmit themfelves to the examination and judgment of the Prefident
and Cenfors of the College, either as to the goodnefsof their.medicines, or their own
Skill in all or any part of phyfick, though the Prefident and Cenfors be men Strictly
¦fworn to do juftice to all perfons who Shall prefent themfelves or their medicines to
their fcrutiny and examination. From hence it manifestly follows, that the Col
lege of Phyficians is very far from being a monopoly, fince it cannot reject any
of the king's fubjects who are duly qualified for the exercife of all or any part of
phyfick." To enter fully into the hiftory of this College is impoffible, becaufe their bye
laws and other tranfactions would fill a volume ; it will be fufficient to mention
that the former confifts of ioo pages, fmall octavo. Much of the intereft
attached to this Inftitution arofe from the power granted it for licenfing practi
tioners. Such a power was evidently placed in their hands with the moft benevo
lent views ; that it was exercifed with diforetion and juftice feems. highly probable,
when the learning and characters of the Prefident and Cenforsare confidered ; but
whether inftances ever occurred to the contrary it is neither neceffary nor ufeful
to enquire at prefent.
Some years paft the attention of the publick became forcibly attracted to the
difputes between the Fellows and Licentiates, who carried matters to a moft
extravagant length, to the no fmall diversion of the good citizens of London.
I think much of the rancour excited at that period may be attributed to the
following extract from the laws of the Inftitution, though part might be other-
wife produced. "Becaufe apothecaries- and chtrurgeons, but efpecially the
chirurgeons, often bring the urine of fick people to phyficians, and defire that,
from the infpection of the urine, they would prefcribe fomething for their Sick;
and, under pretence of this consultation, manage the whole courfe of cure at
their/

CHRIST CHURCH* 377
their pleafure ; whatever profit or gain there is, appropriating all to themfelves ;
but bringing to the phyficians notliing befides that flender and hungry reward of
rnfpecting the urine. Therefore, we appoint and ordain, that none, whether
Fellow, Candidate, or Permiffive, give any advice to fuch-like cheating knaves
and impoftors, upon the bare infpection of urine, unlefs he Shall alfo be called
to the fick ; and there, according as the matter Shall require, prefcribe proper
medicines, to be compounded by fome honeft apothecary. Moreover, we will, that to
each fcrowl or eceipt (as they call them) every one write the day of the month,
name of the SiciC, and his own name," &c.
This ordinance aims decidedly at every fpecies of quackery, and confequently
all perfons of that defcription became inveterate enemies to the College. To thofe
may be added unfuccefsful candidates for licences, who were rejected from the
honeft motives of confcience, as unfit to be legally intrufted witl the lives of the
difeafed ; and probably fome few who were excluded to admit favourite appli
cants, and others, of foreign univerfities.
How all thofe of perfons vented their fpleen - in the earlier periods of the
Inftitution cannot now be afcertained, for printing was theri lefs in ufe than
at prefent; but when the revolution of time had introduced facility and
moderate charges, much of their ill-nature amufed the publick, and I believe, in
fome few inftances, the retort uncivil may be traced to the Fellows of Warwick-
lane. Part of one of thofe, intituled, " An Elegy on the Death of Thomas-
Saffold, who departed tliis Life May 12, 1691," is fufficiently decent for the
reader's eye. " Who now in fweating-tubs devoutly drivel?
Faith, Sparks, your Doctor 's left ypu to the Devil*,
Throw  about, and fhed your briny tears,
- Ye Shadwell dames and Wapping waftcoteers,
Who-, blufhing, with your urinals of water,
Came- to his houfe to underftand the matter ;
Lament, ye damfels of our London city,
Poor unprovided girls, tho' fair and witty,
Who mafk'd would to his houfe in couples come,,
To underftand your matrimonial doom,
¦To know what kind of men you were to, marry,
And how long time, poor things, you were to tarry j: Your

3T8 CHRIST CHURCH.
Your Oracle is Silent : none can tell
On whom his aftrologic mantle fell ;
For he when fick refus'd all doctor's aid,
And only to his pills devotion paid :
Yet it was furely a moft fad difafter,
The fawcy pills at laft Should kill their mafter."
Another whimfical effufion on the part of the College, under the title of
" Reafons humbly offered by the Company exercising the Trade and Myftery
of Upholders, againft Part of the Bill for the better viewing, fearching, and
examining Drugs, Medicines," &c. places the propriety of the meafure in a very
forcible light, and is worth preferving. It was published 1724.
" Being called upon by feveral retailers and difpenfers of drugs and medicines
about town to ufe our endeavours againft the bill now depending for view
ing, &c. regard of our common intereft, and in gratitude to the faid retailers
and difpenfers of medicines (which we have always found to be very effectual),
we prefume to lay the following reafons before the publick againft the faid
bill. " That the Company of Upholders are far from being averfe to the, giving of
drugs and medicines in general, provided they may be of fuch quality as We
require, and adminiftered by fuch perfons in whom our Company juftly
repofe the greateft confidence ; and provided they tend to the encouragement
of trade, and the confumption of the woollen manufactures of this kingdom.
" We beg leave to obferve, that there has been no complaint from any of the
nobility, gentry, and citizens, whom we have attended. Our practice, which
confifts chiefly in outward applications, having been always fo effectual that
none of our patients have been obliged to undergo a fecond operation, excepting
one gentlewoman ; who, after her firft burial, has burthened her huSband with a
new brood of pofthumous children. Her fecond funeral was by us performed
without any further charges paid by the faid hufband of the deceafed. And we
humbly hope, that one fingle inftance of this kind of misfortune (owing merely
to the avarice of a fexton in cutting off a ring) will not be imputed to any want of
Skill or care in our Company.
" We humbly conceive that this power, by the bill lodged in the Cenfors of the
College of Phyficians,- to restrain any of his Majefty's Subjects from difpenfing, and

CHRIST CHURCH. 37g
and well-difpofed perfons from taking, what medicines they pleafe, is a manifest
encroachment on the liberty and property of the fubject.
" As the Cornpany exercising the trade and myftery of Upholders have an
undifputed right in, and upon, the bodies of all and every the fubjects of this
kingdom, we conceive the paffing of this bill, though not abfolutely depriv-
ing them of their faid right, might keep them out of poffeflion by unreason
able delays, to the great detriment of our Company, and their numerous
families. " We hope it will be confidered, that there are multitudes of neceffitous heirs,
and penurious parents, perfons in pinching circumstances with numerous families
of children, wives that have lived long, many robuft aged women with great
jointures, elder brothers with bad understandings, fingle heirs of great eftates,
whereby the collateral line are for ever excluded, reverfionary patents and rever
sionary promifes of preferment, leafes upon fingle lives, and play debts upon
joint lives ; and that the perfons fo aggrieved have no hope of being fpeedily
relieved any other way than by the difpenfing of drugs and medicines in the
manner they now are; burying alive being judged repugnant, to the known laws
of the kingdom.
" That there are many of the difeafed who, by certain mechanical motions
and powers, are carried about town, who would have been put into our hands
long before this time by any other well-ordered government. By want of a due
police in this particular our company have been great fufferers.
" Tliat frequent funerals contribute to preferve the genealogies of families,
and the honours conferred by the Crown (which are no where fo. well illustrated
as on this folemn occafion), to maintain neceffitous clergy, to enable the clerks
to appear in decent habits to officiate on Sundays, to feed the great retinue of
fober and melancholy men who appear at the faid funerals, and who muft Starve
without conftant and regular employment.
" Moreover, we defire it may be remembered, that by the paffing of this
bill the nobility and gentry will have their old coaches lie upon their liands, which
are now employed by our Company.
" And we further hope, that frequent funerals will not be difcouraged (as by
this bill propofed), it being the only method left of carrying fome people to
church.
" We

3S0 "CHRIST CHURCH.
" We are afraid that by the hardships of this bill our Company will be reduced
to leave their bufinefs here, and practife at York and Briftol, where the free ufe Of
.bad medicines will be ftill allowed.
" It is therefore hoped, that no fpecious pretence whatfoever will be thought
fufficient to introduce an arbitrary and unlimited power for people to be kept
alive (in defiance of art) as long as they can by the courfe of nature, to the pre
judice of our Company and the decay of trade.
" That, as our Company are like to fuffer in fome meafure by the power
given to phyficians to diffect the bodies of malefactors, we humbly hope that
the manufacture of cafes for Skeletons will be referved folely to the coffin-
makers. " We likewife humbly prefume, that the interefts of the feveral trades and
profeffions which depend upon ours may be regarded ; fuch as, that of the
makers of hearfes, coaches, coffins, epitaphs, and bell-ropes, Stone-cutters,
feather-men, and bell-ringers, and efpecially the manufacturers of crapes, and
the makers of fnuff, who ufe great quantities of old coffins, and who, confidered
in the confumption of their drugs, employ by far the greateft number of hands
of any manufacture of the kingdom."
The modern Ariftophanes, the fatirical and humorous Foote, feems to have
contributed towards the general pacification of the belligerent powers by intro
ducing them on the ftage in the moft whimfical and ridiculous points of view.
The examination of Dr. Laft, and the preparations for battle between the Fellows
and Licentiates, are high wrought fcenes, that produced infinite mirth in the
reprefentation. The benevolent practice of this enlightened College muft not be omitted.
In the year 1687 they unanimously voted, at a general meeting, " That all
members of the College, whether fellows, candidates, or licentiates, Should give
their advice gratis to all their neighbouring fick poor, when defired, within the
city of London and feven miles round." This humane refolution was unhappily
rendered in a great meafure abortive by the extravagant demands of apothecaries
who prepared the prefcriptions ; which the College attempted in vain to obviate,
by propofing thofe perfons Should make but moderate charges for their drugs and
trouble. Upon this a committee of the City propofed to a committee of the Col
lege, that they fhould furnifh medicines for the poor ; which the College imme
diately affented to, and 50 members advanced iol. each for purchasing medicines, to

CHRIST CHURCH.

to be retailed from, the laboratory, the room adjoining, and a third under the
'Theatre,, at firft coft, to the indigent. In addition to this laudable establishment,
they appointed two of the College to attend on Wednefdays and Saturdays to
prefcribe for patients of that defcription. Difpenfaries are now very general j but
that above has been discontinued for many years in the College.

Inside of the College.
The ftair-cafe is very heavily ornamented, and unlike any of modern times in
its folid construction. The room in which the College affemble is very long, and
rather narrow, and low. in its proportions; the walls are handfomely decorated
with Compofite pilafters, and a rich: entablature ; between each pair are arched
windows, fix in number on the Eaft and five on the Weft fides the centre, on
the former, is a variation of pannels, with the King's arms ; the cieling is Slightly
coved, and very faftefully ornamented with rich Stucco; the room contains 16
' portraits ; which hang on the pilafters, as the architect has left no other. place for
them.
Pictures and Busts.
' 'Gulielmus Harvey, M. D. feated, in a black gown, yellow doublet, and fmall
!band and cuffs. His arms reft on a chair and table. He wsars his own hair,
whiskers, and tufts on the under-lip and chin. The lines of his countenance
feem marked with melancholy rather than age. With this exception, it is pre-
poffeffing *.
A very good buft over the door, on a bracket, is intended for the Marquis of
Dorchefter. From a newfpaper of July 21, 1658. " It was a remarkable day in the College
of Phyficians, in regard the Lord Marquis of Dorchefter was admitted a member
of their Society. Which was done with folemnity, a great number of lords and.
perfons of quality being prefent, and fpeeches gratulatory paffed on each . fide
between them of the Society and his LordShip, who anfwered them again,, in
* An excellent engraving from this pi&ure accompanies the complete and very elegant edition of
Harvey's Works which was publifhed by the College in 17665 a lafting monument of honour to
themfelves, and to the Phyfician whofe invaluable writings were thus collected. Anecdotes of
Mr. Bowyer, p. 569.
Vol. III. Cc c Latin^

I8S CHRIST CHURCH.
Latin, with much eloquence and learning ; whereby his LordShip, giving ample
demonftration of his great abilities, did abundantly confirm that high opinion
which the world held of him before, not only for his knowledge in medicine, but
the great perfection which he hath attained to in all kinds of literature, and
thereby given the nobility of England a noble example how to improve their
time at the higheft rate, for the advancement of their own honour, and the bene
fit of mankind."
Theodorus Mayerne, Eques Auratus. This jolly fon of Galen is by no means.
an unapt reprefentation of the happy Prior, lord of a rich and profperous monaf
tery. He wears a loofe dark olive gown carelefsly tied round the waift ; holds a
fcull in his left hand, and extends the right as if enlarging upon the vanity of all
flefh ; has permitted his beard to grow, Shaved his head, and adopted a clofe
black cap; and, by the aid of good health., and good living, has obtained a
profusion of ruddy cheeks.
Edward Tyfon, M.D. Seated; in a large wig, and red robes; holding a
pencil and memorandum book. This is a good picture, and the. face handfome.
Richard Hale, M. D. by Richardfon. Dr. Hale Sits, enveloped in fcarlet robes
and large wig, with a countenance rather inanimate. The white glove on his left
hand has the exact effect of that of a Corpfe.
A very good full face of Henry VIII. Q. By Holbein, or a copy ? Near him
hangs his ambitious Cardinal, Wolfey.
Beneath thofe are three bufts, each admirably executed, in Statuary marble.
The firft is the venerable head of Dr. Mead, whofe fhoulders are encircled by a
Grecian mantle, with books, and the emblem of Efculapius, upon the bracket,
infcribed, "Hanc Richardi Meadii effigiem literarum atque artis medica Jlatoris et vin-
dicii perpetui amicitia caufa ponendam curavit Antonius Ajkew, M. D- 1 756. By
Roubiliac. The fecond is from the hand of Scheemaker : Dr. Harvey. The features of
this buft bear the fame unhappy tinge as thofe of his picture. A Shield on the,
bracket, within the emblem of eternity, is thus incribed : " Hanc magni illius.
Gulielmi Harveii fenis oclogenarii imaginem, qui fanguinis circuitum primus monftravit
medicinamque rationalem inftituit, ad picluram archetypam quam in fuo fervat mufeo,
effiblam honoris caufa hie ponendam curavit Richardus Mead, Med. Reg. A. D. 1739."
The third is by Wilton, and reprefents Thomas Sydenham,, M.D.^ " Pofuif
Collegium Medicorum Londinenfe, A. 1758." Andrea*

CHRIST CHURCH. 333
Andreas Vefalius. J. Calcar pinx. There is nothing vifible in this picture but
the face ; which is disfigured by a very dark pair of whifkers and a bufhy beard.
Edmundus King, Eques Auratus, and Thomas Brown, Eques Auratus. The light .
is fo bad for thefe pictures, it is of little importance what their merit may be.
At the South end of the room a whole length, infcribed, "D. Gulielmus Browne,
equ. aur. eletlus Praf. Coll. Med. 1765, at at. 73. Prodeffe quam praffe. Simplex
munditiis." By Hudfon, 1767.
This venerable and handfome Prefident, whofe features difplay great benevo,-
lence and good humour, ftands, furrounded by the infignia of office, in an
embroidered coat, laced band, and full-bottomed powdered wig. It is an high-
finifhed picture, except that the hands are much too fmall.
Carolus Goodall, M. D. The light is fo bad for this picture, that I can fay
little more than that he ftands, in a large wig, and robed in fcarlet.
Daniel White, M. D. is in the fame unlucky predicament.
Dr. Ratcliffe may be ranked in the obumbrated collection ; with Jofias Clarke,
M. D. ; Thomas Millington, M. D. ; and another, namelefs.
Sir Hans Sloane hangs in darknefs vifible. Painted by Murray. He ftands,
refting the right hand on a table, and the left on his hip ; in a black gown and
powdered wig. The face is pleafant and handfome.
The Censor's Room
has but three Weftern windows ; confequently the light is better for the portraits
than that of the other. The decorations are nearly the fame.
1 On the North wall, Dr. Mead, Sitting. This is, -in many refpect s, a good
picture, but much in want of repair, as is the portrait of Dr. Thomas Pellet, pre
fident 1735. The third and laft on this wall is namelefs, and an indifferent por- ,
trait. " D. John Micklethwaite, equitis aurati, medicina d'ris celeberrimi, et Collegii
Medicorum Londinenfis prsfidis, vera effigies. Obiit quarto calend. Augufti, anno falut.
Humana fupra millefimum fexcentefimum ocluagefimo fecundo, at at. fua 719. Ex dono .
Edmundi King, medicina d'ris, ejufdem Collegii Soeii honor arii med. reg. ord. et. Seeietatis ..
Regalis Socii. In vener atione erga illuftrem banc Societatem tefferam Gottefredus Kneller
junxit." The face and hands of this gentleman are perfectly correct in the draw- ,
C c c 2 ing,

384 CHRIST CHURCH,.
ing, and richly coloured-;, the complexion florid, and1 the hair inclining to redt-
Sir Godfrey has kept every part of the picture in utter, darknefs; confequently the
hands and face appear without a body..
Henricus Plumtre, prafes,.atat. 64, 1.744. Seated,, in the robes of office, fulh
large face and florid, in a large white wig.
Johannes Clarke, M..D. Dr. Clarke is reprefented in his own white hair,., with-;
whifkers, and a tuft on his chin ; and fmall band, falling on, a black drefs. The
eyes and features are marked with penetration, and the painter has done his part,
admirably well.
Francifcus Gliffon, M. D. The contracted and frowning features of Dr. Grif
fon are rendered ftill lefs attractive by the ugly, brown wig over-hanging .them.
" j oh. Freind, M. Di Oxon. hujus Collegii quondam Socii, quam cernis imaginem legaviti
moriens Matt, Lee,. M. D. Oxon. et hujus Collegii Socius,. A.D. ifSS-" But a -toler
able portrait.
Sir Samuel Garth is but little better; and Baldvinus Hamey ranks in the. fame-
clafs. Dr.Thoinas* Wharton,, and Dr. Sydenham,, are in a fituation that renders them
invisible. There are feveral' drawings in this room;, four of which are of mummies, and;
the reft portraits and animals.
Under the picture of Dr. Harvey, is the plan of an eftate left by him to the
College, termed' the manor of Afhlins, in Effex, confifting of 357 acres; and.
another of Newes, or Harvey-land, Kent, 47 acres, , given by Dr. William Har
vey, 1656.
Thefe two rpoms face the gloomy wall of Newgate prifon, which is compofed.
of ruftick work. The Eaft- has a more pleafing view, the grand arch of entrance, .,
and three of the fides of the Theatre over it, embellished with pilafters, entabla
ture, and a ftatue of Sir John Cutler, , to whom the College were indebted for;
money to complete it. The dome, or rather extinguisher, terminates in a beau
tiful large gilt pill ; which is fo difproportioned that the architect might be almofln
accufed of paffing a joke upon the College.. A.f ill and an extinguifher are odd!
emblems for members of the art of healing.
Under the ftatue of Cutler, which is ftrangely.and partially blackened by fmoke ;
ftagnated in the court, is the following hexameter ;
iSOmnis Cutkri cedat labor amffiitheatro*" The

CHRIST CHURCH.. 385
Tlie in fide of this amphitheatre might have been contrived more advantage-
oufiy for the view of diffections. The table for the body is in the centre, and
the fpectators in the upper feats are confequently too diftant for the moft delicate
operations.. But this is now of no importance^, as diffections are difcontinued
within it.
The great Eaftern front might haye had a commanding effect' if Warwick-lane-
had been as wide as Oxford road ; at prefent the great Ionic columns and pedi
ment,, feftoons, and Corinthian attick, are feen at a distance of not more than 20
feet, and by few perfons befides carters, butchers, and Slaughter-houfe men.
The front on the Weft fide of the quadrangle confifts of a double range of Ionic
and Corinthian pilafters with a pediment in the centre ; a ftatue of Charles II. over
the door. This has a pleating effect, viewed, through the arch of entrance acrofs
die clean paved court.
Under the ftatue are thefe lines r
" CAROLUS IL
UTRIUSQUE FORTUNE EXEMPLAR
INGENS. ADVERSIS REBUS DEUM
PROBAVIT; PROSPERIS SEIPSUM.
COLLEGII HUJUSCE, STATOR, 1682."
The fite is not that of the firSt College. Dr. Lihacre, phyfician to Henry VIII.
gave the Prefident and Fellows a manfion in Knightrider-ftreet ; whence they
removed to Amen Corner;, where Dr. Harvey built a hall and library for the
College, . which he endowed with an eftate, and gave his books, directing an
annual oration in praife of benefactors to the College, to conclude with a comme
morative repaft. Dr. Harvey's hall, confumed by the great fire, Stood on ground
held on leafe. After that event the College purchafed the prefent fite.
The Marquis of DorcheSter gave them his library. Sir Theodore Mayerne, a
Swede, did the fame.
May 241, 7 George I. a licence was granted to the College of Phyficians, to
purchafe, inmortmain, manors and other hereditaments, not exceeding the yearly
value of ioool.
The parifh of Chrift Church contained, in 1800, 325 inh.abitedj.and 9 uninha-
hited.houfesj 164$, males, n 73 females, total 2818 inhabitants.
CHRIST

( 386 ) '

CHRIST CHURCH, SPITAL- FIELDS.
THIS parifh, which is Situated in the hundred of Offulfton, was originally part
of the enormous pariSh of St. Dunftan's Stepney. When the Legiflature were
convinced of the neceffity of erecting fifty new churches, this populous diftrict
was found to require one of the number. The feparation accordingly took place ;
and the firft ftone of the intended church was depofited by Edward Peck, efq.
1 7 15, as we are informed by the infcription (doubtlefsly correct) upon that
gentleman's monument, though the Parifh Clerk's Remarks fay 1723, which is
followed by others. •
Spiial-fields, originally Lolefworth, is a term applied to thofe immediately in the
vicinity of the Hofpital of St.Mary, which was a diftinct 'eftablifhrnent from
St. Mary Bethlehem. According to our antient Ffiftorians they were in a difgrace-
ful ftate of neglect about the reigns of Henry VIII. and his immediate fucceffors ;
but.the neighbourhood was gradually covered by buildings after that period,. though
they were generally of very frail erection, as Stow mentions a Rotten row, and a
" continual building of tenements with alleys of cottages peftered." Indeed, thofe
of the prefent day are but little better, as the following fact evinces. Petticoat-
lane ; Wentworth, Montague, Brick-lane ; Church, Pelham, King, Dunk, Lom
bard, Booth, Halifax, and Ofborne, ftreets ; in the parishes of St. Mary White-
chapel, Chrift Church, and St. Dunftan's Stepney, 900 houfes let at ground-
2082I. estimated in 1800 at 7356I.
A more recent caufe of population in this part of London was the emigration.
of French Proteftants, who were expelled by the very Religion, and its profeffors, •
whofe fucceffors lately fled to the afylum afforded the Spitalfield weavers, from
the perfecution of Atheifts. The houfes occupied by thofe induftrious and ufeful
tradefmen are generally decayed and wretched, the ftreets dirty and melancholy,
and the eternal hum of their looms convey a confuting effect to the paffenger,
by no means pleafant. There are however fome parts of this pariSh which are an
exception, where the ftreets are broad and convenient, and the houfes well-built
and commodious, particularly in the vicinity of the church, which has an advan
tage not very common to our religious. edifices, it may be feen on three fides.
* An account of the Roman antiquities difcovered in thofe fields will be inferted, with others, in
A fubfequent page. Paternofter-

CHRIST CHURCH, SPITAL-FIELD9. 387
Paternofter-row, in the front of the church, opens into an oblong fquare. On
the Eaft and South fides of this is Chrift church. The reader will expect a
defcription of the Structure, but expect in vain : the architect only could name
the feveral parts of the fteeple ; they are not to be appropriated to orders. Mr.
Hawkfmoor has proceeded according to a fet exclusively his own ; but that
circumftance would have been justifiable and commendable if any improvements
could be difcovered. Unhappily none are to be found : perhaps fome little imi
tations may. The church externally might be imagined like the Norman or
Saxon ftile, or one gradation towards the Tufcan.
The entrance is through a Tufcan portico, elevated on a flight of fteps ; but
the arrangement of the pillars, and the ridiculous little arch, inftead of a pedi
ment, above them produce a Strange effect. The fteeple is ponderous beyond
example The fides are liable to lefs objection, and are certainly equal to numbers
defigned by Sir Chriftopher Wren.
The fite was purchafed of Meffrs. Heath and Humphreys, for 1260I. Mr.
Hawkfmoor's eftimate was 13,570k but he expended 19,418k 3s. 6d« -
Before we enter this building, where many beauties will be difcovered, it will
be neceffary to fay that, at the erection of the pariSh, the advowfon was given,
by aet of parliament, to Brazenofe-college, Oxford. At the fame time 3000I.
was granted for purchafing poffeffions in fee-fimple, to fupport the rector, and his
fucceffors; to which was added an annual payment of 125I. arifing from buriak-
fees, &c exclusively placed in, the receipt and difpofal of the Veftry.
The Parish Clerks gave the amount of 300I. fer annum in 1732.
This living cannot be held in commendam..
Rectors.
, 1729. Herbert Prichard, M.A. the firft prefentation after confecration.
. According to the PariSh Clerks the Rev. Mr. Wright was rector 1732.
1736. Charles Hall, M.A.
1738. John Prichard, M.A. Died 1782. \-
1782. John Foley*, M. A. Died Nov. 29, 1803, at. 6,2.
1:804. Weft Wheldale, M.A.
* Of whom fee a very juft character in Gent. Mag. LXXIIt. 1289. .
The

S88 CHRISH CHURCH, SPITAL-PIELBS.
The infide of the church is an oblong fquare, but the arrangement of the pillars
renders it difficult to defcribe. The chancel is formed by four ifolated columns
on pedeftals and two- pilafters. Thofe are of the Compofite order, incorporated
with the lonick. Whether the architect had his idea from the Arch of Trajan is of
little importance ; it is certain that the capitals have a moft graceful and beautiful
effect. They fupport a frieze and enriched cornice, and the Royal arms directly
over -the centre great irirercolumniation, in Stucco. This colonade is magnifi
cent ; but, alas for the chancel, that is, as plain as the well of a belfry ; abfolute
Ruftic coins on the angles. -It commences as if the architect had intended a
Semicircle ; but this terminates in a fquare for the altar, which is formed by two
circular pillars and two pilafters, with a Doric frieze and cornice. The tablets of
the Commandments, Creed, and Lord's Prayer, are perfectly plain. On this
cornice commences a Tufcan Venetian window, very correctly proportioned,, over
which is a femicircular aperture, or window. A neat, enriched, but narrow cor
nice, fupports a flat cieling, relieved by Cherubim on a glory.
There are two monuments fuited to the partial femicircles, which are certainly
placed fo as to contribute to the general effect of the building.
That on thfe North Side confifts of a plain pedeftal, projecting into a femicrrcle,
•on which ftands erect, in the' full drefs of his office, holding a paper in the right
hand, and with the left fupporting the robe on his hip, Sir Robert Ladbroke..
The figure is relieved by dark marble, and the monument terminates in a pedi
ment. To examine this performance minutely, it will be found to poffefs
much merit : the drapery is correct, the face well executed, the hands the fame,
and the ornaments prettily formed ; but Mr. Flaxman has excluded grace and
motion. " Sacred to the memory of Sir Robert Ladbroke, knt. and alderman; prefi
dent of Chrift's Hofpital, and of the anniverfary of the charity fchools in London
and Weftminfter ; lord mayor in 1747 ; which high office he executed fo much
to his credit, and to the fatisfaction of his fellow citizens, that they fixed upon
him at the next general election for one of their reprefentativesin parliament; in
which important truft they continued him till his death. He was a man of a moft
mild difpofition, disinterested in'his views, open and generous in his conduct, and
fo indefatigable in promoting the true interefts of the city, that he very juftly
merited his title of Father of the City. As he lived greatly efteemed by all who
knew

CHRIST CHURCH, SPITAL-FIELDS. 389
knew him, fo he died much lamented, Oct. 31, 1773, aged 61 years, and lies
buried in a vault under this church ;' with his amiable lady, Elizabeth, daughter
of John Brown, efq. and granddaughter of John Peck, efq. late of this parifh, whofe
property fhe chiefly inherited, and died univerfally regretted, Oct. 1, 1768, aged
53 years-
" Richard Ladbroke, late of Frenches, in the county of Surrey, efq. by his
will ordered this monument to be erected, as a tribute of refpect and gratitude
due to fo worthy a man, fo good an uncle, and fo faithful a guardian, 1794."
The fecond or South monument has a pedeftal of variegated marble, with a
white tablet for the infcription.
" In a vault at the South-weft end of this church is depofited the body of Ed
ward Peck, efq. who departed this life the 19th of June, 1736, in the 75th year
of his age.
" He was one of the Commiffioners for building the fifty new churches ; and in
this corner laid the firft ftone of this Stately fabrick, anno 17 15. In the fame
vault is. depofited the body of Elizabeth, wife of the faid Edward Peck, who
departed this life the 2,5th of July, 1730, in the 62d year of her age. Likewife
the body of Mrs, Deborah, late wife of John Peck, efq. who departed this life
the 26th of Nov. 1739, in the 36th year of her age. Alfo the body of John
Peck, efq. who departed this life on the 14th of March 1748," in the 48th year of
his age. He was the laft male iffue of Edward Peck, efq. whofe excellent virtues
he imitated, and was both the Chriftian and the gentleman.
" To whofe memories this monument is erected by their only furviving fon,
John Peck, efq. anno 1737."
On the pedeftal is a Corinthian pediment, fupported by two pillars, with an
Attick and urns ; under it a fmall farcophagus, on which ftands the buft of Ed
ward Peck, under a canopy ; two boys lean againft the farcophagus. This mo
nument was executed by Thomas Dunn.
The Weft end of the church has a fcreen, like the Eaft; but it is divided, to
admit a large and fuperb organ, elevated on two majeftie Corinthian pillars.
The nave has four pillars in length, two of which are femi-pillars, with pilafters
interpofing. They each fupport a cornice and frieze, which reft on pilafters on
the walls. The vaults between them are chafte, and elegantly ornamented, and
Vol. III. Ddd the

3SK) CHRIST CHURCH, SPITAL-FIELDS.
the key-ftones richly varied. Thofe Ave arched cielings on each fide aile are
fuperlatively magnificent; but that of the nave feems to be the work of another
hand. It is flat, and divided into 31 clumfy fquares, the ribs of which reft on
an Attick of the Tufcan order, elevated on the moft enriched Compofite.
The windows are diminutive and ungraceful.
The reading defk is on the North Side of the nave; a richly carved Compofite
pedeftal. The pulpit, facing it, is not handfome, though carved and inlaid. The found
ing-board is fupported by two pillars.
On the door is Pafce oves meas.
There are heavy fide galleries.
The church poffeffes a large flagon, two filver diShes, and a chalice, given by
-Mrs. Rebecca Gallwith, 1729. This lady left 50I. by will, to apprentice' five
poor boys of the parifh.
The truftees of the Tabernacle gave the large Silver difh, and the two branches
at the Weft end of the church.
Henry Weatly, efq. of Staines, gave, towards procuring the bells, 600I. Thofe
are very mufical, were ten in number, but have lately had two fmall ones added.
Mrs. Prifca Coborn, of Bow, left the manor of Covell-hall, in White Roding,
in Effex, for feamen's widows in the eight hamlets.
1 74 1. Mr. Thomas Hardy gave the fet of chimes, &c. &c.
On the North fide of the ftreet, near Paternofter-row, is Spitalfields-market,'
where every article may be found ufually fold in thofe public and moft ufeful
receptacles. The appearance of the Stalls, and the fpaces between, might pof-
fibly be improved.
This parifh contains 1876 inhabited houfes, 4205 families, 6894 males, 8197
females, 15 091.

ST..

f 591 )
ST. CLEMENT DANES.
THE pariSh is Situated within the liberty of the Dutchy of Lancafter, and
without the City bounds, from which it is feparated only by Temple-bar.
The origin of the addition of Danes has never been clearly afcertained. One
way of accounting for it is related in a curious Story of the head of Harold,
brother to Hardycanute; which is, that as foon as the latter attended the throne,
after his brother's deceafe and burial, he ordered the body to be disinterred, and
the head fevered and thrown into the Thames. This was no fooner accom
plished, than certain unfortunate fishermen caught it in their nets ; and buried it
immediately, with honour, in the church-yard of St. Clement ; whence a fecond
mandate from the Monarch precipitated it, a fecond time, to the bottom of the
fame river, from which it was again almoft miraculoufly recovered, and buried at
Weftminfter, 1039*.
It would be ridiculous to enter into a confutation of this Story ; it is far more
1 probable that, a great battle having been fought near this church, the Danes
might have been interred near it, and hence the name.
The parifh was but partially covered with buildings for many centuries after the
notice of it in records ; and it may be fuppofed they generally bounded the road,
now The Strand.
When «the new fewers were constructing in this ftreet, 1802, Eaftward of
St. Clement's church, the workmen difcovered an antient ftone bridge of one
arch, about eleven feet in length. It was covered feveral feet in depth by rubbifh
and foil, and found to be of great Strength in the construction. A doubt arifes
whether this was the Pons Novi Te'mpli, or Bridge of the New Temple, paffed by
the lords and others who attended parliament at Weftminfter, after going out of
the City to this place by water; which wanting repair, Edward III. called upon
the Knights Templars to effect, or an arch turned over a gully or ditch, when
the road, now the ftreet termed the Strand, was a continued fcene of filth.
" 2,7 Ed. III. De pavagio vise quae fe ducit a porta vocat. Temple Bar Lond.
ufque ad Port' Abbathiao Weftr-f-." This extract proves" that a pavement of fome
kind was made here in very antient times ; but it muft have been in a moft
lamentable ftate previous to the above date, if the petition of the inhabitants in
the vicinity of the King's palace at Weftminfter may be relied on, 1315, 8Ed. II.
which reprefented that the foot-way at the entrance of Temple Bar, and from
thence to the Palace, was fo bad, that the feet of horfes, and rich and poor men,
* Britiih Chronicles, vol. I. p. 20. f Cal. Rot. Patentium.
Ddd 2 received

392 ST. CLEMENT 'DANES.
received conftant damage, particularly in the rainy feafon ; at the fame time the
foot-way was interrupted by thickets and bufhes ; concluding with praying it
might be amended. The confequence of this petition was an order appointing
William de Leyre, of London, and Richard Abbot, affeffors for levying a tax
on the inhabitants between Temple Bar and the Palace-gate ; and the Mayor and
Sheriffs of London, with the Bailiff of Weftminfter, overfeers of the repair.
But the Statute of the 34th and 35th of Henry VIII. exhibits this road as being
" full of pits and Sloughs, very perilous and noifome."
A writer in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. LXXII. p. 968, defcribes the ftate
of the earth, as it appeared in digging the fewers, as follows : " The top of this
Stratum, for about two feet and a half deep, is of a reddifh yellow colour, and
contains here and there the Ludus Hdmontia, or foffils called Clay Balls. In the
remaining depth of five feet the clay is of a dark-lead colour, and contains a few
Martial Pyrites, or heavy irregular black lumps, compofed of iron and fulphur,
having a Shining Silver-like appearance when broken.
The gradual increafe of population may be imagined from the following parti
culars, extracted from the Records of Parliament and the Augmentation-office ;
but, previous to their infertion, obferve the fituation in the reign of Henry VIII.
" Of the way leading, without Temple Bar, Weftward, and unto Clement's Inn-
gates and New Inn-gates, to Drewry-place, in the county of Middlefex, and allfo
one little lane Stretching from the faid way to the fign of the Bell, at Drewry-lane
end, &c. which were very foul, and full of pits and Sloughs."
A meffuage called the Bell, parcel of the Hofpital of St. John of Jerufalem,
and a field called Fickett's-field, Situated in the parifhes of St. Dunftan's Weft
and St. Clement Danes, were granted, April 8, 34 Henry VIII. to Anthony Stringer,
Rent to the Crown 17s. 4d.
1643, Sept. 12. Many of the inhabitants of the parishes of St. Clement and
St. Giles in the Fields reprefented to Parliament, that thofe of the new buildings
in Lincoln's Inn^fields kept the way impaffable.
Charles I. in the 15th year of his reign, granted licence to Thomas York, his
executors and afligns, to erect as many buildings as they thought proper upon
St. Clement's Inn field, in this parifh, the inheritance of the then Earl of Clare,
" to be built on each fide of the caufeway leading from Gibbon's Bowling-alley,
at the coming out of Lincoln's Inn-fields, to the Rein-deer yard, that leadeth
unto Drury-lane, not to exceed on either fide the number of 120 feet in length
or front, and 60 feet in breadth, to be of ftone or brick."
The

ST. CLEMENT danes. 393
The fame Monarch iffued another. licence, dated in the 17th year of his reign,
which permitted Gervas Hpllis, efq. to erect 15 houfes, ten of 19 feet front, artd
five of 21, -with a chapel of eafe, 76 feet by 40, for the parifh, on the above
field ; and to make feveral ftreets 30, 34, and 40 feet in width.
In the year 1657 a bill was paffed, for " preventing the multiplicity of build
ings." A claufe in this permitted the Earl of Clare to erect the market which
now bears his title in Clement's Inn fields, to be held on Tuefdays, Thursdays,
and Saturdays. According to Bagford, this nobleman appeals to have erected a
chapel about the above period, which was afterwards converted into dwelling
houfes. He adds, " I find by Mr. Smith's Memorials, on the day of the death
of feveral eminent men, a MS. (Sept. 13, 1657), old. Mr. Thomas Tuke, once
minifter of St. Lawrence Old Jury, was buried at the new chapel by the new
market-place in Lincoln's Inn-fields." Q. whether it was not Hollis Chapel ?
1689, 13 and 14 Car. II. limited the number of Hackney coaches to 400. In this
year the inhabitants of the Strand, Fleet-ftree-t, &c. petitioned againft an increafe
of their numbers, as people were prevented by them from getting to their Shops.
The parifh of St. Clement contained, in 1710, one chapel, one'Prefbyterian
meeting-houfej 1834 families, and 11,004 perfons, according to the Statement
delivered to the Houfe of Commons. The Parifh Clerks, 1732, gave the number
of houfes as 1750. In 1800 there were 660 inhabited houfes", 927 families, 1939
males, 2205 females, total 4144 perfons.
The Church.
One of the firft notices of St. Clement's by our Historians is the gift of it by
Henry II. to the Knights Templars. After the diflblution of that order, the
advowfon was conveyed to the canons regular of the church of the Holy Sepul
chre, Warwick, who had other poffeffions in this parifh, part of which Newcourt
fuppofes to have been the fite of Effex-houfe. Thofe exchanged it with Staple-
ton, bifhop of Exeter ; in the gift of whofe fucceffors it continued till Edward VI.
thought proper to grant it to Edward Duke of Somerfet; after whofe death the
Crown, having a fecond poffeffion, granted it to Sir Thomas" Palmer.
The Earl of Exeter poffeffed the patronage at the commencement of the laft
century ; and his fucceffors ftill hold it.
A compofition is mentioned by Newcourt to have been made, in 15 17, be
tween the Mafter and Fellows of the Hofpital of the Savoy and James Fitzjames,
rector ; in which it was agreed the Hofpital Should receive all the tithes, and other
emoluments.

j 94 -ST- CLEMEN!' BANES.
emoluments due from the inhabitants refiding within its limits, for an annual pay
ment to the rector of St. Clement's of 26s. 8d. ; the Mafter and fucceffors taking
upon themfelves the administration of all facraments, &c. to their inmates.
Tonftall mentions Mr. Robert Dyker rector; benefice 40I. goods nulla, fined iol.
" Roger Bowie, clerk, gave, by will, two tenements in the parish, that, with
the rents, the morrow-mafs-prieft Should be fuftained, 4I. 13s. 4d.
The prieft and churchwardens are poffeffed (to the ufe of the church and the
niorrow-mafs-pr.ieft's wages) of two tenements, of the rent by year il. 6s. 8d.
The Parifh Clerks in 1732 eftimate the value at 6col. per annum; but that not
more than 400 1. was received ; which appears to have been repeated from the
New View of London 1708.
Thirty-fix rectors enjoyed this living* from 1325.10 1678.
Gregory Hafcard, D.D. circa 1708. He was dean of Windfor, and chaplain
in ordinary to the King; and published an aflize fermon, 1668 ; one on Nov. 5,
1672 ; one before the Lord Mayor, 1680 ; a fpital fermon, 1685 ; one before the
King, 1696; and one before the Floufe of Commons, 1696.
William Smith, preacher of St. Clement's Danes, published a fermon at afchool-r
feaft, 1708. Q. was he the leclurer?
William Forfter, published a> fermon for the propagation of the Gofpel, and on
the royal funeral, 1714; and died Dec. 1719.
Mr. Bloomer, Jan. 1720.
Thomas Blackwell, D. D. (rector 50 years -j-) died Feb. 9, 1773.
John Burrows^, D.D. Sept. 1773 ; died July 1, 1786.
George Berkeley, LL D. Nov. 1786 ; died Jan. 6, 1795 §.
 Vernon, 1795; the prefent rector.
Previous to 1669 the church of St. Clement had felt the effects of time fo
feverely, that the inhabitants were compelled tore-build the fleeple, which was
finished in that year. The church underwent the fame operation, and was com
pleted 1682. The architect, Edward Pierce, received the directions of SirChrif-
topher Wren, and probably might have had part of the defign from him. He
generoufly gave his affiftance to the parifh, who furnifhed the money expended,
with fome benefactions excepted.
'- t
* About the year 1595 this parifh enjoyed the benefit of the paftoral .labours of that " filver^tongusd
preacher/' as he is ftyled by Dr. Fuller, Mr. Henry Smith; who in his day was very generaly efteemed
" the prime preacher of the nation," He was a native of Withcore in Leicefterfhire ; under which
parifti a copious account of him may be feen, with an engraved portrait, in Mr. Nichols's Hiftory of
Leicefterfliire, vol. II. p. 390.
t He publiftied a fermon after the Rebellion, 1746. + Reftor alfo of ( hrift Church, Surrey.
§ Of whom fee a full account in Gent. Mag. vol, LXV. pp. 8j. 92. 2,35. 436. 739.
The

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 395
The architecture of St. Clement's is a deranged collection of handfome and
ridiculous parts. The Eaft end, fwelling into a femicircle, has a good effect, and
the South portico, of the Ionic order, is much admired. The North and South
walls are rather plain ; but the Weft end, or bafe of the tower, exhibits a black,
decayed, and moft abfurd foundation, to a tall and very beautiful Steeple judici-
oufly leffening to the fummit.
In this church there are twelve Compofite pillars, extending from Eaft to
Weft, which form a femicircle before the altar, that arife from galleries fup
ported by fquare Tufcan pillars. The intercolumniations are all arched, and the
greateft faces the altar. Thofe are moft extravagantly overloaded with feftoons
and drops. The cielings of the ailes are crofled by enriched bands, and the
arches are interfected. The vault of the nave is very large, and fhews the dis
proportion of the pillars, which are much too fmall. There are five rows of
pannels, on, it, of unequal fize, the fma I left full of ornaments, and the remainder
blanks. A large femicircle at the Eaft end contains the arms of England in
the centre, and the fides are filled by monftrous thiftles and branches of role-trees.
The facrarium, is a femicircle, with a centre and two fide windows. The arch
is filled by fmall pannels, in which are gilt flowers, as are all the capitals
throughout the church. The centre window is inclofed by two pilafters, and the
key-Stone of the arch has a Shield with an anchor on it.
The altar-piece * confifts of four Corinthian pilafters, with entablature and urns,
and feftoons over the Creed and Lord's Prayer. The Commandments are under
an arch, -which fupports five candlefticks. In the tympanum a pelican. This is
the intercolumniation of four ifolated pillars, whofe entablature has Attic pede
ftals, and good ftatues of Mofes and Aaron.
The table is of porphyry, as are two fteps for candlefticks on it ; the frame is:
of wrought iron gilt, the rails the fame, the pavement marble.
The pulpit and defk are on the North fide of the nave. The former, a fexagon,
is moft magnificent. It ftands againft a fquare pillar, which fupports the found
ing-board. The carving on both cannot well be defcribed, but is elegant, grace
ful, and admirably pierced and relieved. ,
* In 1725, much ferment was occasioned in this parifti, by an order from Dr. Gibfon, bifliop of
London, for the removal of an altar-piece painted by Kent, which had been placed in the church at
no fmall expence, and which was fuppofed to contain the portraits of the Pretender's wife and chil
dren. Of this famous painting Hogarth engraved an exaft fac-fimile. See Mr. Nichols's Biographi
cal Anecdotes of Hogarth, 1785, pp. 136. 492. The original, after being removed from the church,,
was for fome years one of the ornaments of the coffee-room at the Crown and Anchor in the Stran 1
from which place it was removed 4o the veftry-room over the old alms-houfes in the church-yard,
Where "it remained in 1803 ; and has moft probably been fince removed into the new veftry-room oa
the North fide of the church-yard.
, The

396

ST. CLEMENT DANES.

The organ may be a good inftrument, but the cafe has little to recommend it.
The dial of the clock forms one of the upper ornaments.
The font in the South-weft corner is of white marble, and has a rich carved cover.
Monuments.
On the ftair-cafe, at the Weft end :
P
>!<
Catharinse Mackintosh
feminse . pudicae . frugi . piae
matrifamilias
viri . trium . que . filiarum
quos . fuperftites . fui . reliquit
a-mantiflimae.
Vixit .ann .xxxn .mens . xi .dieb .xxi
fecit . cum . marito . ann . viii . mens . i
dies . xxi.
Deceffit . fexto . id . April . anno . facro

MDCCXCVII.
Jacobus Mackintosh
H . M . con . B . M . P
fperans . haud . longinquum
inter . fe . et . Catharinam . fuam
cligreffum . fore
fiquidem . vitam . nobis . commorandi
diverforium
non . habitandi
Deus . immortalis . dedit.

Another, to the memory of Elizabeth Nurfe, 1761^ aged 33.
Jane Nurfe, 1793, aged 71 ; wives to William Nurfe, who died 1796, aged 66. '
Two monuments near the altar are too high to read the infcriptions.
South aile, on pillars, Samuel Tatham, furgeon, 1691. 69.
One perfectly plain, facred to the memory of John Pyle, efq. many years
furgeon of the Weftminfter infirmary, and a liberal contributor alfo during his
life to that inftitution, who died Jan. 31, 1793, aged 80 ; and whofe remains lie
interred in the nave of this church.
Another, to Mrs, Ann Mary, wife of James Stewart, of Kingfton in Jamaica,
merchant, 1794, 33-
North aile, Letitia Durnford, wife of Charles Durnford, efq. barrister at law,
who died Aug, 6, 1799, aged 29.
Conftance Faulkner, 172,7, 64.
Jacob Hemmet, 1790, 6^.
" While focial converfe Shall our cares beguile,
The vivid eye, the animated fmile,
He will not be forgot by Friendship's few ;
The world's ingratitude full well he knew.
A fanguine friend himfelf, too often he
Miftook profession for fincerity. Amicus pofttit." Ifabella

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 397
Ifabella Fytche, daughter of William Fytche, of Danbury Place, in Effex,
efq. ob. June i, 1755.
NicholasByer,aDdK<?,isfaid to have been the firftperfon interred in the newchurch.
When the improvements intended in the vicinity of St. Clement's are completed,
fhe neighbourhood will be highly refpectable, and the houfes remarkably large
and handfome. A Stranger who had vifited London in 1790 would on his return
in 1804 be aftonifhed to find a fpacious area (with the church nearly in the
centre') on the fite of Butcher-row and fome other paffages undeferving of the
name of ftreets, which were compofed of thofe wretched fabricks, overhanging
their foundations, the receptacles of dirt in every corner of their projecting
Stories, the bane of antient London, where the plague, with all its attendant
horrors, frowned destruction on the miferable inhabitants, referving its forces
for the attacks of each returning fummer. I never paffed ihrough the filth
,of thofe places without fancying the dreadful Crofs on the doors, where it
undoubtedly had often really appeared. He that now paffes St. Clement's l area,
and is not grateful to the men who planned, and the Parliament who permitted,
the removal of fuch Streets and habitations, deferves to refide in a Lazaretto.
The church will be furrounded by an oval railing. The North fide of the
ftreet already forms a femicircle, with the commencement of a grand ftreet, to
extend Northward ; and at the entrance of Clement's Inn the Corporation of Lon
don are about to erect a gate-way of Stupendous architecture, to which may be
added the new alms-houfes, and veftry-room of the parish ; all rebuilt at the
expence of the City. This is but one half of what is intended. When the South
fide of the Strand Shall be rebuilt, St. Clement's, notwithftanding the unlucky
twift of the fite, will have a fituation fuperior to any other church in London.
St. Clement's parifh certainly contained the refidences of many of our. moft
antient noble families ; nay, tradition will have it, that the great Duke de Sully,
minifter to Henry IV. of France, was an inhabitant of Butcher-row. I cannot
contradict the Story; but, if it refts on no better foundation than that a houfe there
had rofes and fleurs-de-lis impreffed on the plafter in'front, we might many years
paft have found manfions enough of that defcription to have accommodated half
the French nobility. The rofe and the fleur-de-lis is an evident compliment to
bur Henry V. and his fucceffor, conquerors of France.- Let the triumphant entries
of the latter Monarch be recollected, and it may readily be conceived that the
loyal citizens of London would be proud of exhibiting thofe badges of national
triumph. They ferve to point out almoft the precife date of their erection. The
houfes in queftion, for there were two adjoining thus ornamented, were five Stories
in height, terminating in two angular gables.' The three upper Stories projected
Vol. III. E e e beyond

358 ST. CLEMENT -DANES.
beyond each other (with a window in each) to that extravagant degree that an ele
vation of them reverfed reprefents a complete flight of fteps.
The Sites of the houfes inhabited by the nobility alluded to are known1 now only
by the names of the ftreets leading to the Thames from the Strand. Effex-houfe is
pointed out at the bottom of the Street of that name by two large pilafters. They
are generally fpacious and pleafant places of refidence. Penn, the celebrated
Quaker, and Dr. Birch that eminent antiquary and 'biographer, have refided at
the South-weft corner of Norfolk-Street.
The reader will excufe the omiflion of extracts from regifters, &c. in order to give
room for a complete and excellent hiftory of the Savoy, for which I am indebted
to the liberal and worthy Mr. Richardfon, printfeller in the Strand, who, -on hear*
ing Of my pUrfuits, Spontaneously offered it, together with feveral other ufeful
papers. The reader will readily perceive fuch a mafs of evidences could not have
been procured in any other way than from -the official account compiled by the
proper Officers of the Crown.
The Savoy Hospital.
The Hofpital of the Savoy '* was founded by King Henry VII. who by his will, dated at Canterbury,
the iath of April, in the 24th year of his reign, anno 'Domini I J09, declared, that he had begun to
erect a common hofpital at the Savoy, and had endowed it with lands and tenements to the
value of 500 marks per anntim, above reprifes, to maintain therewith 100 beds garnifhed, to receive
100 poor folks, and keep them with meat, drink, and other neceffaries, according to fuch ftatu tes
and ordinances as he fhould make ; and that, if this was not perfected in his life-time, he willed that
the fame fhould be done by his executors as foon as might be after his deceafe ; the King dying before
the Hofpital was 'fMfhed, Henry VIII. by letters patent, under the feal "of the Dutchy of Lancafter,
bearing date the 3d of April, in the 2d year of his reign, gave to Richard Fifhop of Winchefter, and
others, the faid late King's executors, the lite of the manor of the Savoy, within the parifhes of
Saint Clement Danes and St. Mary Le Strand, and in the county of Middlefex, whereon to erect and
bu^ld an hofpital, to be governed by fuch ftatutes as they the faid executors fhould make and appoint.
And by a fubfequent grant, under the GreatSeal, dated the 5th of July, in the 4th year of the reign
of the faid King Henry VIII. licence was given to the faid executors to erect the faid Hofpital on a
piece of ground there defcribed, called the Savoy, late parcel of the Dutchy of Lancafter, for five ,
fecular chaplains, and to be called tbe Hofpital of King Henry the Seventh ; and the mafter and chap
lains to be a corporation ; and might purchafe, to them and their fucceflbrs, lands to the yearly value
of 500 marks, ultra reprizes.
In purfuance of this grant and licence, the faid Executors, by their deed of foundation, datedtfte
14th of March, 8th of Henry VIII. erected the Hofpital, and appointed a mafter, and four chaplains.
And in the 15th year of the fame King they figned the ftatutes for the government thereof; wherein
it is declared, that'the. ufe and intent of the faid Hofpital was to pray for the then King and. Queen,
* Peter earl of Savoy, coming to England to vifit his niece, queen of Henry III. an houfe was built or .appointed
for him on the '^hames, called The Savoy, which afterwards became the poffeffion of the dukes vf Leicefter, and
fell to the Earl of Richmond, afterwards King Henry VII. Hence the same. See fome curious gapers relalWe
to this Hofpital in the " Hiftory of Hinckley, 179O," pp. 237 — 239- and

ST; CLEMENT DANE&. 359
and for the fouls of -Henry VII. and his Queen Elizabeth, and their fon Prince AMurj and likewife
for the charitable reception of poor people into beds provided for that purpofe, and" for other acts of
piety and mercy; to give bread to the hungry, drink to the thirfty, c-loaths to the naked, vifits to
the lick, and burial to the dead, as is declared in the preamble to the faid ftatutes. And the Mafter
and' Chaplains were to ta'lte and fubferibe an oath-, therein mentioned, at the time of their admiflion,
wherein they were obliged' to refi'de within the faid Hofpital. And directs in what manner, the fick
and lame were to be taken in, and provided with diet, phyfick, and other neceffaries, undes the pe
nalty of lofing their offices, and other judgements denounced againft them.
The faid Hofpital being- given 'to the Crown, by fiatute paffed1 the 37th of Henry VIII. the fame
¦was furrendered by the Mafter and Chaplains, by deed dated the iofch June 155$, to King Edward VI.
and his heirs, in cancellarid fua ; the greateft part of the revenues thereof (to the amount of 450I.
per annum) was afterwards given to the then new -erected hofpital of Bridewell, by letters patent,
dated the a6th June, the 7th of Edward VI.
After Queen Mary's accefljon to the throne, an act paffed, in the 2d and 3d years of Philip and
Mary, for reinftating the Dutchy, and annexing feveral lands in lieu of others thathad been feparated
from it fince the 38th of January, ift Edward VI. Arid feveral lands were annexed accordingly.
And on the 3d of November, in the 3d and 4th years of thofe Princes, the Savoy Hofpital was
re-eftablifhed by letters patent under their Great Seal, whereby they gave to the Mafter and Chap
lains, and their fucceflbrs (amongft other things), the fite of the Savoy Hofpital, in the Strand, to
hold of the King and 'Queen, and the heirs and fucceflbrs of the faid Queen, to the faid Mafters and
Chaplains for ever; and the Jame was to pafs the Great Seal, without any fees to be paid by them
in the Hanaper-office, or. elfewhere. And the faid Queen, by other letterst patent, dated the 9th of
May, 4th and 5th of Philip and Mary, gave feveral other eftates to the faid Hofpital, amounting to
148I. ios. 8d. per annum-, and many of thefe were reverfions, to commence from the end of former
grants made by the monasteries, before the Diflblution, and by Henry VIII. and Edward VI. fince the
Diflblution, for terms' ftill. ending at the time the faid letters patent were granted. This alfo paffed
under the Great Seal, to hold of the faid Queen, her heirs and fucceflbrs, to the Mafter and Chap
lains, for ever.
In the rath year of Queen Elizabeth, on a difcovery of feveral corruptions and embezzlements of
the eftates of the Savoy Hofpital, it was vifited by commiffion appointed under the Great Sea! ;
and Thomas Thurland, then Mafter, deprived, by fentence paffed on him by thofe Commiffioners,
the 29th of July 1^70..
His- late Majefty King William III. by commiffion under the Great Seal, dated Marcli4, in the
13th year of his reign, appointed certain Lords to vifit the faid Hofpital. But the vifitors who acted
under this commiffion, being chiefly bifhops, reported to his faid Majefty, that the ftatutes relating to
the relief of the poor were wholly violated and negle&ed ; and that it was their opinion that, by
reafon of the fmallnefs of the biihoprick of Gloucefter, the Mafterfhip- of the Hofpital, with the
revenues thereto belonging, fhould be annexed to that biftioprick, for ever ; he paying to the four
chaplains the ufual falaries ; and to ten poor women, five of whom to be widows of clergymen, and
the other five widows of officers dying in the fervice at land and fea, jl. per annv,xn each. But this,
inftead of preventing the mifapplication complained- of, gave perpetuity to it, by annexing the
revenues to the bifhoprick of Gloucefter for ever, which was never intended ; fo the report of the
Lords Vifitors was not carried into execution, nor any further proceedings had thereupon.
Ecea Sir

400

ST. CLEMENT DANES,

Sir Nathan Wrighte, in the firft year of her late Majefty Queen Anne, being then Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal of England, and by virtue thereof vifitor of all the charities eftablifhed upon royal
foundation, vifited the faid Hofpital, and finding the ftatute relating to the relieving the poor, fub-
fcribing the oaths of admittance, and for refidence, entirely negle&ed, he deprived the chaplains of
their refpective offices; and, by decree dated the 31ft of July 1702, declared the Hofpital diffolved ;
and immediately certified the- fame to the then Lord High Treafurer and the Barons of the Court of
Exchequer, that fuch proceedings might be had in relation to her Majefty's intereft in the premifes as fo .
their refpective offices appertained. Whereupon an account of the rents and revenues of the faid late
Hofpital was taken for the Queen's ufe, and the fame were put in charge in the Court of Exche
quer, as lands forfeited to the Queen in right of her Crown, and in which the officers of the Dutchy
of Lancafter had no jurifdiction.
The eftates found to be reverted to the Crown by this Dlflolution were as. follows ; viz.

In the county of Middlefex.
The fite of the Savoy Hofpital, confifting of feveral lodgings,
and houfes, under feveral referved rents, amounting to
Lands at Mile End -----
County of York.
Sutton Grange ---_-.
Cudworth ------.
Coal-mines to Lord Weitmoreland, in 163 J --
Lands in Galtres --_-..
Kirkftall Ings - - -
Heworth Grange ------
Skelton Coates
Other lands in Skelton Coate -
Rythill ----....
Hodrood -------
Manor of Hooton ------
Woodhoufe Grange -
Manor of Acklome -
Lands called Sutton -
Houfes and lands in Sharlfton -
County of Northampton.
Lands in Weft Haddon -
Abingdon Mills ---.-.
Eaft Haddon ---...
St. Dewes Hofpital ---...
Boughton Mills. - - .
Harpole Mills - . .

Bents

Improved

referved.

value.

£.¦ s.

d.

95 *
o-
ivorths^
'.ioooatleaft,
10 0
0
unknown
£.
s.
d.
3 2
8
unknown.
5 5
9
unknown.
0 10
0
unknown.
4 0
0
unknown.
4 0
0
16
.0
a
21 0
0
40
e
0
2 0
0
16
0
0
2 0
0
18
0
0
2 4
4
12
0
0
9 3
2
80
0
0
30 0
0
170
0
0
13 6
8
3i
13
4
7 18
5
67
6
5
2 8
4
H
8
4
2 13
8
17
3
8
1 *3
4
20
0
0
3, 6
8
unknown.
1 13
4
20
0
0
15 8
8
64
12
0
S I2
0
42
2
0
1 6
8
JO
0
0
County
ST. CLEMENT DANES.

401

County cf Lancafter.
Lands at Garftang and Agberth - .
Manor of Garftang ...
Poulton and Cailton
Rent out of the manor of Ramworth
County of Leicefter.
Stanton under Bardon
County of Lincoln.
Denton Gowerby
County of Durham.
Lands in Hafwelt -
Manor of Hallatreholm.
One third of. Dengey, manor
One third of ditto 1 i , , , f
I a very long leafe J
One half of ditto. J l.
Rent of the maner of Sow -
County of Bucks,
Rent out of the manor of Shabbington

*e. s.

di

£. * d,

4 i

0

unknown^

io 8

0

300 0 0

2 0

0

unknown.

6 13

4

a dry rent,

6 iS

6

143 0 0

8 n

0

21 II Ii

- 14 6
- 14 6
- 14 6
- 1.0 o '

7 57
*" a very long-term "in -
. being, and the im
proved value un~
known a dry rent.

33 6 8" a dry rent.

Total 376 2
Referved rents -
Total-

10 2121 2 8-
376 2 10

2497.. 5 6

Of thefe lands the leafes that- have been granted fince the Diflblution have all paffed under the
Great or Exchequer Seal, as of lands forfeited to the King in right of his Grown, without any dif-
tindtion. But fome of the lands fo reverted to the Crown at length, particularly the fite of the Savoy
Hofpital, in the Strand, in the Comity of Middlefex, and the manor- a*id demefnes of Dengey, in
Effex, were antiently parcel of the Dutehy of Lancafter; and other parcels, particularly. the manoi?
and demefnes of Garftang; and elfewhere other lands, within the parifhes of Garftang, Agberlh,
and Poulton, were not parcel of the Dutchy, but lie within the' County Palatine-; and other parcels,
&c. are within the Survey of the Exchequer, and never were either parcel of the Dutchy or. within
the County Palatine.
The fite of the Savoy Hofpital was antiently the feat, of Peter Earl of Savoy, uncle to Elenor,
Queen to Henry III. on whofe death it devolved on the faid Queen, who, by her letters patent,
dated 24 January, ano regni Regs Edwdl primi 120, gave it to her fecond fon, Edmund, afterwards
Earl of Lancafter, and his heirs. This grant was Confirmed to him by his elder brother, King Ed
ward I. by letters patent, dated the 2-jft of June, in the 21ft year of his reign. From that time the
Savoy was reputed and taken as parcel of the earldom and honour of Lancafter, and was ufed as their
palace

402' ST. CLEMENT DANES.
palace during their attendance on the court or in parliament; and defcended with the 'honotjr to his
fon, Thomas Earl of Lancafter, who was beheaded for rebelling againft Edward- II. and the eftate
devolved on'HeWy, his- younger brother, in the 15th year of the reign of the fame King. "
This Henry was Earl of Lancafter, Leicefter, and Lincoln. He became poffeffed of the Earl of
Li icoln's eftatej|bis brother having married the Earl of Lincoln's daughter; in confequence of which
marriage the Lincoln eftate was fettled on him and his heirs, after the death of Henry de Lacey,
Earl of Lincoln, and his wife Margery, Countefs of Salifbury.
On the death of this Henry Earl of Lancafter, his fon, of the fame name, fucceeded to thefe titles
and eftates, and was created Earl of Derby 12th Edward III. and firft Duke of Lancafter, in the-
25th of the fame King, by authority of parliament. At which tiine the Duchy was erected, and the
Jura Regalia and County Palatine vefted in him in a more full and ample manner. He had power
given him during life to appoint his own chancellor, as alfo his juftices for pleas of the Crown, and
other common pleas within the county. He had alio all fines and forfeitures, and pardons of life
and members, with all other liberties and jur-a regalia belonging to a county palatine, as fully and
entirely as the Earl of Chefter had, and held within the county palatine of Chefter.
On the 23d March, 25 th Edward III. the faid Duke died, and left his eftate to his two daughters,
Matilda and Blanch, as coheirs. Blanch was married to John of Gaunt (fourth fon of Edward III.)
Earl of Richmond, and afterwards created Duke of Lancafter; and Matilda married to the Duke of
Bavaria, who dying without iffue, John Duke of Lancafter, in right of his wife, became entitled
Lo all thefe eftates. ,
From John Duke of Lancafter they devolved on his eldeft fon Henry, created Earl of Derby in his
father's life-time, and on his death Duke of Lancafter; who coming afterwards to be King of'Eng-
land, by the name and ftile of King Henry the Fourth, thefe eftates of which the Duchy of Lancaf
ter confifted became merged in the Crown ; and an act paffed in the fecond year of his reign for
feparating the Dutchy from the Crown of England. And the fame year it was granted to his fon
Henry, with all its liberties and jura regalia, to hold to his faid fon and his heirs, dukes of Lancaf
ter, diflevered from the Crown.
And, by an act paffed in the ad year of Henry V. whenfoever any lands fliould come to the hands
of the faid King or his heirs, by reafon "of his Dutchy of Lancafter, by any efcheat or forfeiture, in
any future time, the fame fhould in like manner be annexed and incorporated to the faid Dutchy of
Lancafter. And it further appears, by an act paffed in the third year of the reign of King Henry V.
that no gifts, grants, &c. which concerned his faid Dutchy of Lancafter, or the lands and profits of
the fame, or any parcel thereof, or which concern any lands that in future time fhould emerge or
arife thereto, fhould pafs under any feal, fave only the Seal of the Dutchy of Lancafter; and that all
others fhould be deemed and reputed to be void, and of no force or effect.
Upon the union of the two houfes of York and Lancafter, by Henry VII. an act paffed, in the feft
year of his reign, by which the Dutchy was to be governed by like officers, and. paffed by fuch feals
as accuftomed, feparate from the Crown of England, and pofieflions of the fame, as Henry IV.
Henry V. Henry VI. or Edward IV. held the fame.
By the ftatute ift Edward VI. cap. xiv. all colleges, free chapels, and chantries, all land given for
finding or maintaining a prieft for eves, are given to the King, with a provifo, that all fuch lands as
formerly were within the Dutchy fliould be under the furvey, order, and government, of the.. officers
of the Dutchy. ' And

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 403
And laftly, by the ftatute of the 2d and 3d of Philip and Mary, reciting that the King and Queen,
regarding the Dutchy of Lancafter as one of the ftatelieft pieces of the Queen's antient inheritance,
and that fundry lands, parcel of the Dutchy, had been exchanged, and the lands taken in exchange
had not been annexed to the Dutchy, enacted, that all lands then parcel of the Dutchy, or
which, on the 28th of January, ift Edward VI. Were united thereto, by parliament, letters patent,
or otherwife, and which have been fince fold off, granted, or otherwife fevered from the Dutchy,
and which are or fliall be returned again to the hands of the faid King and Queen, or to the heirs and
fucceffors of the faid Queen, in pofleffion or. reverfion, by attainder, efcheat, forfeitures, or other-
wife, and which now be in the hands of the faid King and Queen, fhall, from the time the eftates fo
reverted to King Edward VI. or to the Queen, be united and annexed for ever to the Dutchy of
Lancafter; with a claufe for annexing lands not exceeding 2000I. per annum.
By the ftatute of 1 Henry IV. the Parliament declared very plainly their fenfe of the matter as to
the King's taking the Dutchy of Lancafter in his royal capacity, and not in his natural and private
capacity. The preamble to the ftatute is in thefe words.
" The King, confidering that God having of his great grace admitted him to the honourable eftate
of King, fo that he could not for certain caufes take the name of Duke of Lancafter in his ftile, and
being defirous that the name of Duke of Lancafter fhould continue in honour as it had been during
the time it was held and enjoyed by his anceftors by confent of parliament, ordains, that Henry, his
eldeft fon, fhould be Duke of Lancafter; and the revenues thereto belonging were limited to be
and remain to his faid fon and his heirs, Dukes of Lancafter, diflevered from the Crown."
It appears by the ftatute for diflslving the lefler monafteries, 27 Henry VIII. that all the lands and
revenues thereunto belonging were directed fo be under the rule, government, and furvey, of the
Court of Augmentations (afterwards, by the ftatute of the ift of Queen Mary, annexed to the
Exchequer), with a provifo that all fuch lands as fhould come to the King by virtue of this act, lay
ing within the county palatine, or elfewhere, parcel of the faid monafteries, and which were of the
foundation of any Duke of Lancafter, might at the pleafure of the King be appointed and affigned
unto the order and furvey of the Dutchy officers. And accordingly the faid King, by letters patent,
dated the nth of July, in the 29th year of his reign, did appoint and affign feveral lands; namely,
the lands of the late diffolved monafteries of Cartmell, Corningfhead, Burftow, and Holland, to be
under the furvey of the Dutchy; and divers other lands were added, by confent of Parliament, by
Henry VIII. Edward VL and alfo by Philip and Mary.
By the ftatute 37 Henry VIII. all colleges, chantries, and hofpitals, having continuance for ever,
and being chargeable to the firft-fraits and tenths, are given to the King; and are directed by the act:
to be under the rule and government of the Court of Augmentations without the claufe in favour of.
the Dutchy, with a claufe directing the method of a commiffion or vifitation. And for entering into
fuch chantries and hofpitals, and the lands belonging to them, where the governor, mafter, or in
cumbent, do not employ the profits according to the intention of the donors. And not only all lands
given by virtue ;of this act, but all lands which fhall hereafter accrue to the King's hands, by any
fuch -commiffion or vifitation as is directed by the act, fliall be within the furvey of -the Court „ of
Augmentations. The Hofpital was accordingly vifited in Edward the Sixth'sreign ; and the then mafter r.nd chap
lains, by deed under their- common feal, dated the 1.0th day of June ,1553, furrendeied the revenues thereof, ,

404 ST. CLEMENT DANES.
thereof, and among the reft the fite of the Savoy, to the faid King, in cancellariafua, conformable
-to. the directions in the aft.
The ftatute :3d and 4th Philip and Mary, on which the Dutchy officers lay fo much ftrefs, declares
4liat all. lands which on the 28th of January 1 Edward VI. were parcel of the Dutchy, and fince fepa-
'.rated, and -which are or fhall be returned to the Queen, her heirs and fucceffors, in poffeffion or
reveriion, all lands thus qualified, and coming to the Crown, by efcheat, forfeiture, or otherwife,
.are directed to be in the furvey of the Dutchy. But there is no general claufe to give back to the
Dutchy lauds thentofore feparated by King Henry VIII. or any former kings, which would be end
lefs, and might be carried fo far as to create the greateft confufion in the titles of the King's lands,
and in the grants and letters patents that had been made thereof.
And, as it is plain from the tenor of that act that it only comprehended fuch lands as had been
.feparated fince the acceffion of Edward VI. (2S January, 1 Edward VI.), fo the practice of the law
immediately .after paffing. this act, when it muft be fuppofed to be beft underftood, was conformable
thereto. This act paffed 3d and 4th Philip and Mary; and the next year, viz. 9 May, 4th and 5th
of thofe princes, -the Savoy was refounded, and the fite of the Savoy Hofpital in the Strand is
granted them, under the Great Seal ; and the fame is there called nup' parcell' Ducat' Lane' ; as it
is alfocalled in the Charter of Foundation of the 5th July, in the 4th of Henry VIII. The words of
the tenendum of both thefe grants are as follows : " Tenendum de Nobis heredibz et fucceflbribus
ji'ris in liberam &c. elemozinam, pro omnibus fervitiis quib'zcunq' ;" and not " Tenendum de
Nobis hered' et fucceflbribus n'ris ut de Ducatu n'ro Lancaftrie," as it would have been expreffed if
it had been intended to. have been held of the Dutchy.
And all proceedings fince that time have paffed conftantly and regularly by authority of the Great
or Exchequer Seal. All vifitations and diflblutions of the" Hofpital, all conftitutions and deprivations
of the mafters from lime to time, paffed under the fame Seal. After the laft diflblution by the late
Lord Keeper Wrighte, a particular Receiver was appointed by the late Lord Treafurer Godolphin ;
and that Receiver's accounts were pafled and declared by the prefent Right Honourable the Chan
cellor of the Exchequer. Upon that Receiver's death, the fame Chancellor appointed the prefent
Receiver, Mr. Howarth, by conftitution dated 18th June 1724 ;, and has fince pafled and declared his
accounts. Alfo the Minifter of the Savoy is appointed by the Lords of the Treafury. Several leafes
,of particular parcels have paffed to private perfons under the Exchequer Seal, and Rents paid and
accounted for in confequence thereof. In other cafes his Majefty has been pleafed, by his royal fign
.manual, counterfigned by the Lords of the Treafury, to grant the pofleffion of feveral places during
pleafure, under certain rents therein referved. And in general all public acts and inftruments relat
ing thereto, fince they were firft fevered from the Dutchy, have paffed as of lands within the furvey
.of the Court of Exchequer, and not of the Dutchy.
To the King's most Excellent Majesty.
We underwritten, by your Majefty's Letters Patents appointed Commiffioners to vifit the Royal
Hofpital of the Savoy, in the Strand, and having feveral times met within the faid Hofpital
to enquire into the ftate thereof, do find,
That the Hofpital was founded and endowed by the Executors of King Henry VII. purfuant to his
laft will and teftament ; and that they did compile a body of ftatutes, to be obferved by the feveral
jnembers thereof. t That

ST.' CLEMENT DANES. 405
That the defign of 'this foundation was for performance of divine .office's, and to have prayers faid'
for the fouls of King Henry VII. his contort, father, mother, and fon Prince' Arthur. And likevvife
for the charitable, reception of poor' people into beds provided for that purpofe ; diftribution of alms ; '
giving bread to the hungry, drink to the thirfty,- cloaths to the naked, vifits to the fick, burial to the
dead; and other acts of piety and mercy, as we find it expreffed in the preamble, to the afore-menti
oned ftatutes.
That King Edward VI. did take away the greateft part of the revenues of this Hofpital, and fettle '
the fame on his new-erected Hofpital of Bridewell.
That Queen Mary did refound the Hofpital of the Savoy, and endow it with fome lands and tene
ments, eonftituting therein (agreeable to the original foundation) a mafter, four chaplains, officers,
and fervants ; and did oblige them to obferve the afore-mentioned ftatutes, made by the Executors
of King Henry VII.
That feveral of thefe ftatutes are now wholly obfolete ; that many of them which might have '
been obferved have, been wholly violated and neglected, particularly thofe relating to the relief of
the poor ; thofe relating- to the duty, and admiffion, and refidence of the chaplains ; thofe relating to
the performance of divine offices ; and thofe relating to the management and application of the reve
nues belonging to the Hofpital.
, , I. We do humbly report as bur opinion, that your Majefty ftiould be pleafed to refound the faid
Hofpital ; and to incorporate it by the name of the Mafter and Chaplains of the Savoy ; and to order :
a new body of ftatutes to be compiled for the better government thereof.
a. That the place of Mafter, being void by the death of Dr. Killigrew, fhould be given to the Right
Rev. Father in God Edward Lord Bifhop of Gloucefter, of which, as we are informed, he had her late
Majefty's moft gracious promife, by your Majefty's patent under the Broad Seal of England, to be ¦
held during his 'continuance in that fee. And that all the perquifites and revenues of the Hofpital
fliould accrue and remain to the faid Mafter,' over and above the ufual falariee and incomes of the
Chaplains and cithers belonging to the Hofpital. And that the Chaplains, and all 'others to be
hereafter nominated, elected, and admitted into the Hofpital, fhould be nominated, elected, and
admitted, by the Mafter for the time being. -
3. That, by reafon of the fmallnefs of the revenues of the biihoprick of Gloucefter, the Bifhops
thereof ibr th& time being fhould enjoy the Mafter's place, with all the perquifites, revenues, and
powers, as aforefaid.
4. That the Mafter for the time being ftiould be obliged to preach and adminifter the Holy Sacra
ment in the chapel of the faid Hofpital; or to provide one to preach and adminifter the Holy
Sacrament on the mornings of Eafter-day, Whitfun-day, and Chriftmafs-day, every year.
5. That, in as much as the prefent Chaplains did not begin the abufes and violations of their
ftatutes, but only purfued the erroneous practices of their predeceffors, they, and all others belong
ing to the -Hofpital fliould be continued in their refpective places, with the ufual falaries and
income ; except Mr. Hooke, one of the chaplains, who is a non-conformift, and* incapacitated by the
Act of Uniformity ; and except the leaurer, phyfician, furgeon, and plumber, who are unneceffary
members. 6. That Dr. Pratt, fhecurate.of the parifhioners of St. Mary le'Strand (whofe church is demolifhed),
be admitted into the place of the faid John Hooke, to be held whilft he fhould continue curate there. .
And that his fucceffors^curates there, fhall from time to time fucceed in that chaplainfhip ; provided
Vol. III. Fff that»

40ft ST. CLEMENT DANES.
that, after they; he chofen iby- the parifln&Ker«» they.b^prefented-to the- Mafter for Bis appm&atiorfi of
fuch their choice, as hath been heretofore ufed. And that Dr. Pratt* his fucceflbrs, and.trieirpre-
deceffors, fhould be permitted tp have and enjoy, the ufe and. benefit- of the. chapel 'belonging- to thef
Hofpital,' as they have heretofore enjoyed the fame, and. at prefent do< enjpyit, provided, they/tataes
upon themfelves the repairs of the body of the faid chapel;
7. That the four chaplains fliould in their turns (to be fixed by the Mafter) preach a fermon in' thee
chapel of the Hofpital iii the afternoon of every Lord's-day yearly ; or, upon feme reasonable caufe,
fliould provide a fufficient preacher to fupply their refpeaive turns.
8. That prayers be duly read in the faid chapel twice every day, at certain times to.be appointed
by the Mafter. And that die Matter do forthwith provide a fufficient perfon for tlra f purpofe ; ancU
aflow him a-flipend of 33I. per annum, by quarterly payments ; and that the perfon fo to be provided;
fliould be admitted into the firft chaplain's place which fliall hereafter happen to be void-: And that.
the junior chaplain, by admiffion, fhall always officiate in reading/prayers, fo as- aforefaid; and fliall
receive for. fuch his fervice the aforefaid fum of 33I. per annum.;, from the Mafter for the time- being,
over and above his fulL income and falary as one of the chaplains. And; if lie doth not officiate in
perfon, that he fliould provide a fufficient fubftitute, to be approved of by . the -Mafter, and'aliowfuohf
his fubftitute the fullftipend of 33I. per annum.
9, That, whereas- there are at prefent only four poor, women belonging, to the; Hofpital, who
receive the yearly penfion of 4I. ios. only, there maybe ten poor, women who fliould continually
receive from the Mafter the yearly penfions- of jl. each for ever, by quarterly payments'; fiv«':ofi:
which, widows fhould be the widows of clergymen, and the other five widows of officers dying, irr
febe fervice, at land or fea.. That the five clergy mens widows, and one of: the other widows, -fhould
be, forthwith admitted ; and that the otberi four officers widows fhould be; feverally -admitted as- the
aforefaid poor women fliall happen to die.
10, That, .. whereas we have hereby proportioned the charities! to'the prefent re/venues of the Hof.
pital; yet, in as much as there is a profpect* that the revenues thereofi mayibeUiereafteR much
improved,, and efpecially .by .building on the- fite thereof,, we are of opinion;that:a,propertiona.ble
addition ought to be made, either by increafing the number o£ thepoor, penfioneivorcitheir.pmifions,
OS- both, . at the difcrction. of the Vifitor or, Vifitors- of- the faid cbapel.
Tho. Cantuar.. Gi; S-ARUMr J. Holt.
H. London, J-.Norwich.. Ed. Nbvili..
Stamford. W-, Worcester; J. GHrcEtEssERf Tbo> Bury.
Articles of Enquiry at the Vifitation- of the Hofpital of the Savoy: in.the Strand; I in the County;
of-Middkfex, commonly-calkd the Hofpital of- the Savoy 'of Henry the- Seventh late of Eng
land King, by the Right-Hon, Sir Nathan Wrighte, Knt. Lord .Keepe* lof.'therGreat Sealnof ?
England, and as fuch Vifitor of all Hofpitals of Royal Foundations- thtavghout' thei KingdotMA
of England, held on Tuefday the a8th of July, 1702.
ift, Imprimis interr'. After what manner is. your Hofpital governed, and how many chaplains are
there; and what are their names, and what: other minifters, .officers, and fervants, are there now
belonging

ST. 'CLEMENT' t>A'NES. 407
belonging to (he faidlffarpiM ? What are the refpective names tif the faid officers, and by whom
now enjoyed ? ©jd they at their refpective admiffions, and before whom, fwear faithfully to perform
their feveral offices, or what other oath did they hike at their feveral admifliohs, and what was the
particular farm of fuch oath ?
a. I ten* interr'. By whom are the preterit chaplains and other officers and fervants therein
<chofen, and when were (hey fo chofen ? What age were they of at. the time of tlieir refpective
eleietiohs:? g. Item Interr'. Did tbe prefent chaplains at their refpective admiffions fet their hands and feats
to the faid oaths by them taken j and where do fuch papers, fubfcribed and fealed, remain ?
4. Item krferr'. Where have; the prefent chaplains refided fince their refpective admiffions 5
and more particularly where have they lived for this twelve months ktft; have 'they within a year,
and what part •thereof, -tended in the faid Hofpfelal ?
5, Item interr'. Do the prefent chaplains, and -which of them, pofiefs any, and what, benefices,
with the cure of fouls ? What are the names of their refpective benefices, and in what country ot
diocefe do the fame refpedtively Iyer?
6. Ifeminten''. Do the mafters, chaplains, and other bfficers, or any, and Which of them, dine-
in publiokj in the hall in the faid Hofpital, in commons together ?
7. Item.interr'. What are the yearly falaries, ftipend, or wages', belonging to the mafter and
chaplains of the faid Hofpital, -andof the feveral other officers, minifters, and fervants, belonging to
the fame ? And by Whom ate the fame ufudlly paid ?
8. Item interr'. Are the ftatutes of the faid Hofpital relating 'to the reception of .poor diftreffed
perfons duly obferved?
9. Item interr'. What divine offices are performed in the faid Hofpital ; by whom and how often
ate the fame performed .'" Do the .mafter and chaplains, and ether officers and fervants, ' frequent
the fame?
10. Item interr'. What are the lands, tenements, and hdreditameiits, belonging to the faid Hof
pital; where' do 'the fame lye; what is the yearly value thereof? Is the yearly value increalcd or
diminifhed, and in whit proportion ?•
11. Item interr'. What part of the lands, tenements, and hereditaments, belonging to thcfaid
Hofpital, now are in leafe, and what ia pofleffion; for what terms or eftates' are the faid leafes
refpectlvely-grahted ; by whom and to Whom were the faid leafes granted, and wtoen; what fine*
are paid upon granting thereof ; aniortg whom were the faid fines djftriboted, or how were the • fame
difpofed of; what rents are referved upon the faid leafes ; is there any rfegifhy or entry kept of
the faid leafes and fines, and in whofe cuftody are the fame flow? Is any part of thceftate belong*
ing to the faid Hofpital alienated; and when and by whom, as you kriow, believe, or have heard'?
Are any of the writings belonging to the faid Hofpital miflaid, concealed, or defaced; and by1 whofe
means or' neglect ?
12. Item interr'. Are the feveral buildings wkhifl the faid Hofpital kept in good repair? Ar*
the eftates belonging to the faid Hofpital well looked after'? What Wafte, deftrufition, dilapidation,
or fpoil, do ybu know to hate been committed -or fuffered within 'the faid Hofpital, or upon any the
pbfleffiorts belonging' to the faid Hofpital ? Or is any, a-hd what part of the faid Hofpital, and with
in' the fame; let to leafe, by whom; and at what rent ; aftd'for what term of .years is the fame, con-
fcmant to theftatutes of the Hofpital?" Ff f 2 *J- Ite?B i

408 ST. CLEMENT DANES*
13. Item interr'. Who receives the rents and profits' of the tenements andwgrour,da "within the fite
and precincts of the faid Hofpital,. and other the lands, tenements, and hereditaments, and piemifcs>
before interrogated, in any wife appertaining to the faid Hofpital ?* Whether any' and which of ypu,
or any other perfon, and who by name, have or hath received any, and what fums of money, upon
any arid.what manner of account, relating to the faid Hofpital, .or incomes tliereof, fince the death of
the late Mafter thereof, and by what authority ? What are become of the faid manors ? And when
did the faid Mafter depart this life? What rents are there now due and unreceived? In whofq
hands do they, now lye ?
14. Item interr'. What ornaments, veftments, books, plate, or other goods> are there-belonging
to. the faid Hofpital ;. or to the chapel or chapels thereof? Hath any perfon, and who by name, the
care and cuftody, thereof ; and where are the fame kept ?
15. Item interr'. Do you know, or have heard, of any other matters and things, , proper to be
prefented, enquired of, redrefled, or reformed, in this vifitation ?
The joint and feveral anfwers of John Hooke, the Rev. John Lamb, doctor in divinity, the Rev.
Nicholas Onely, doctor in divinity, and Lionel Coles, clerk, the. four chaplains of the Hofpital of
the Savoy, and John Nedham, gent, agent and folicitor for the faid Hofpital, for and on behalf of
themfelves, and other the officers and fervants belonging, to the faid Hofpital, to certain articles of
enquiry given in and exhibited at a /vifitation of the faid Hofpital of the Savoy, in the Strand, in the
county of Middlefex, commonly called the Hofpital of the Savoy of. Henry. the Seventh, late of Eng7
land King; held by the Right Hon.- Sir Nathan Wrighte, lord keeper of the Great Seal of England,
and as fuch Vifitor of all hofpitals of royal foundations throughout the kingdom of England, on
Tuefday the 28th day of July, 170,2..
1. To the firft article thefe refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that the late Hof
pital, till the death of the laft Mafter thereof, the Rev. Henry Killegrew, doctor in divinity, was
governed by a -mafter and four chaplains. The faid John Hooke; John Lamb,- Nicholas Onely, and
Lionel Coles, are the prefent four chaplains ; the faid John, Nedham is agent and folicitor; Charles
Batterley, efq. is regifter and counfellor ; Richard Hukeley is phyfician and furgeon; Thomas Fines
is fubfacrift ; Jacob Balefton isporter ; Thomas Ne-wn (now deceafed) was plumber. There are four'
poop women, called filters ; ,vi%. Maiy Bringhurft, Anne You'nge, Margaret Meres, and Ann Bal-s
derftone. The chaplains at the time of their admiffions did. takean oath^ before the then. Mafter, to
obferve the ftatutes , of the faid Hofpital, fo far as they were agreeable to the word of God, the laws
of this land, and the cuftoms approved of in the faid Hofpital, or, to that effect. And they do, believe
that the paper marked (D) does contain the form of the faid oath, And none other of the faid
officers, .or fervants, took or,had any oath.tendered tothem at the times of their admiffions, to the faid
refpondent's-knowledge. 2. To the fecond articles the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that they,,
the faid prefent; chaplains, were Chofen, as they believe, .by the mafter and chaplains,- according. to the
ufual, manner that the former chaplains of the faid Hofpital hadbeen elected, from the foundation or
reftauration thereof by King Philip and Queen Mary. The faid John Hooke was chofen. and ad
mitted the 30th day of July, 1663 ; the faid John Lamb was chofen the 24th day of November,
1677 ; the faid.Nicholas Onely was chofen andadmittedthe 1.2th day of July, 1679 ; and the faid Lionel
Coles was chofen and admitted the 25th day of October, 1689, And they were, at the time of their
election

ST. CLEMENT DANE& - 409
election and admiffion of the following ages'; vii. the faid John HooTce, at. the time of his admiffioa
and election,* at the age of 29 years and upwards; and the faid John Lamb, at the time of his elec
tion and admiffion, of the age of 27 years and upwards"; , the faid Nicholas Onely, at the time of
his election and~admiflion, of the age of '38 years and upwards ; and the faid Lionel Coles, at the
time of his election and admiffion-, of the age of 29 years and upwards. All the other officers and
fervants were put into their places by the faid Dr. Henry Killegrew, by and with the confent, as
thefe refpondents verily believe, of the then chaplains.
3. To the third article the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that the faid
chaplains did not fet their hands and feals to the oaths upon -their -admiffion ; but- were> admitted
according, as their, predeceffors had been ; and refer themfelves to an antient book in paper, containing ;
the entries of their- and the preceding chaplains' admiffions, now in the hands of -Mr. Robert Wilmer,
deputy regifter of his and the late vifitation, and, as they fuppofe, ready to be produced by him.
4. To the fourth article the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that none of
the faid chaplains have refided within the faid Hofpital fince their, admiffions ; their lodgings having ,
been burnt down; and the ground and foil, whereon the fame flood- being, by virtue- of an act of par
liament, let out by leafe to tenants for a long. term of years yet to come; but have moft ufually,
refided and been at their refpective houfes and benefices elfewhere.
5. To the fifth. article the-faid refpondents do feverally anfwer and- fay,- that John Hooke, one of
the faid chaplains, lives at Bafingftoke, in the county of Southampton ; and has, or does, teach orv
preach to a feparate congregation from the Church of England. The faid Lamb is dean of Ely and
reftor of Wheatamftead, in the county of Hertford, and diocefe of Lincoln. The- faid Nicholas
Onely is one of the prebendaries of St. Peter Weftminfter, and curate of the parifh of St. Margaret's
there, and rector of the parifh church oi Cottefmore, in the county of Rutland. And the faid Lionel
Goles is vicar, of Bafingborn, in the county of Cambridge, and diocefe of Ely.
6. To the fixth article the faid. refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that the maf
ter and chaplains, and -other officers, never did, within the memory of thefe refpondents, dine
together in commons in the public hall ;. and, if any fuch ufage of dining or eating in commons hath
been in the faid Hofpital, none of them can tell the time when the fanie was difcontinued.
7. To the feventh article, the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, that the
ftipends are as followeth ; viz.
* £., st d.
To the four chaplains, each of them 2 61'. yearly, which comes to, in all,' '- - - - 104 o o
To the four fitters, each of them yearly 4I, ios. in all, - - - - - - 18 o o
To the phyfician and furgeon, yearly, - - - - - - - - -800
To the counfel of the Hofpital, yearly,  - - - 400
To him as regifter, yearly,  -  .4°°
To the folicitor, yearly, -  - -- '- 10 00
To the plumber, yearly, - - - - -. - ----- - joo
To the fubfacrift; yearly,  600
To. the parfon of St. Clement Danes, on a compofition for tythes of the precincts of the
Savoy, yearly,  - , - - - -- - 1 <5 o
To the petty canons of St. Paul's, as annually paid to them, - - - - - 200-
To the-porter, yearly, . - - - r. - " ' -¦ 9 5° T© •

To the porter .more, yojijy, fqr ^ipveU *od bj-pppis., •* * - I o ©
To the brothers, b,eing tb,e fojir c^pjafcg, ^yearly rent j)f .C£4aiii.h,pufcs referved ifor
.their-ufe, - - - - - - - - •- - --4800
To thepoxtgr, assy^rly-rcntrrefewq-J, by. ^f& ,fer>h$.ufe> -> -- - - ic- o o
To the njinifter-of the §a,voy chapel, jjearlj^ - -. - - -. 30 o o

Total 251 o o

^hieh-fums are payable at -JLady«day and Midiaefonas, and were, at the direction of the late
"M-after, paid by the faid Jacob Balderfton to the perfons above mentioned. All the-reft of the rent si,
'fi»es, iffues, and profit*, of the faid Hofpital, have been taken and 'received to theible ufe and beneiit
¦of .the 'Matter.
8th. To the eighth article the .faid refbondents do jointly gnd feverally anfwer and fay, that the
ftatutes relating to the. reception of -the poor have not 'been obfewei within the memory of man ; the
-reafons whereof thefe refpondents have more particularly fet forth in a fchedule hereunto annexed,
marked No. 73, which thefe refpondents moft humbly praiy maybe received, and taken as part of
their anfwer.
9. To the ninth article the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfWer and fay, that there isa
fair chapel belonging to, and within the lite «£ the faid Hofpital ; which faid chapel, by the confent
of the faid mafter and chaplains, and at the requeft of die inhabitants -of the- late parifh of St. Mary
at Strond, whofe parifh Church was demolifhed in thetime of EdwardVL as they have heard, with per
miffion. of the .mafter, have been allotted -to the ufe of "<the petip'le living within the precinct of the find
late parifh, ever fince their Church was demolished,. And in *he faid chapel divine offices are per
formed on Sunday and week-days.; apd Samuel Pratt, doctor in divinity, Is -minifter thereof, andr
;has an allowance of aol. per annum -by the Mafter of the Savoy; And Ann "Bblderftbn, one of the
ilifters who refides in the faid Hofpital, doth only frequent die fame. And thefe refpondents further
,fay, that theybelieve and fuppofe that the parifhioners at St. Mary at Strond, the faid parifli being
rated in the Queen's books (as they are informed;) as a rectory, having fince the demoliflring- of their
faid parifh church refcrted to the faid chapel of the Hofpital, without paying any tythes, or other
confiderati.ons, more than voluntary contribution (as thefe refpondents are Ukewife informed), have-
been and are rather a burthen than a. benefit .to this Hofpital, unlefs fome fettlement in certainty be
agreed and -confented to be paid by the faid parifhioners at this vifttajaon, in refpect of the benefit
rthey -have by the ufe of the faid Hofpital.
iq. To the tenth article the -faid refpondents do jointly apd feverally anfwpr and fay, that the
Jands, tenements, and hereditaments, xii the faid Hofpital, and the places where the fame do lye,
and die yearly value thereof do appear in a fchedule hereunto annexed (A), which thefe refpondents
alfo moft humbly pray may be received and taken as part of .their anfwer. The revenue of the faid
Hofpital.has been fince increafed from time to time; it appearing to thefe refpondents, that in the
,1 ith year of Queen Elizabeth, the whole revenue was but 281I. 18s.. 3d. ol. per annum, and at th«
day Dr. Neal came tto be mafter it was about 330I. per annum; 'that about the year j6o8 it was, by
the fame^D':-. Neale, raifed to 347I. per amury; ajid theprefent revenue is 38.6I. 13s. jd. pet annum;
befides 48L per annum referved for the ufe of .the Chaplains, for the rent of their houfes ; and iol. ptr

*r. CleWN¥ f>Affg». frr
fel- mtffttf iCfertft'ffr tfe-tifr of fife p'ort'er, for an- ericroacliment mad^e on his lodge. And the
fMd-refponderrts do fist' tfnoW ofa'rfy'Teafes made wkh'in their niemory to the prejudice of the
feid Hofpital;
n. Tothe nth1 article" the faid VefpohdentV do jointly- and feveralfy anfwer and fay,- that all the
p'offeffions of the faid 'hofpital (except the mafter's hon fe), with the yards thereto belonging, and
the two crofs BamcRs, are in leafe ; the fevefaf terms, eftates, and" rents, and to whom the fame were
granted, and when", appear by the aforementioned fchedule marked (A). The faid refpondents
know not what' fines Were paid at the granting thereof, but believe the fame do amount to upwards
of pool, yearly; but the mafter always took' the fame to Iiis own ufe, except- fonfe fmall gratuity,
not Ufually exceeding two guineas, to each chaplain prefent, which was given in recompence of rid
ing, and other charges, and' for tlieir attendance whenUhe leafes were feated, at his pleafure'. There
is no regiftryor entry" kfepf of the leafes', of fines'-; nor we're" there ever any fucli,>to thefe refpondents-
knowledge; but the counterparts of theleafes are now iff the cuftody of the' aforefaid Mr. W'ilmer.
The faid refpondents do believe, and' have heard; th,« part of the eftate belonging to tbe faid Hofpi-
tal hath been alienated'; but by whom, and at what times, they cannot' tell (except as to one Shur-
land,. about the 3d.and.4th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth)^ but muft refer theaiftlves- to the
original charters of King Philip and Queen Mary, and the faid fchedule marked (A); of the prefent
eftate of the faid Hofpital; to ftiew the fame. And they dVnot know-, believe, or have heard, that
any part of the eftate or revenue of the faid Hofpital hath been alienated fince the -Reftoration of
King Charles II. nor in the memory of man. They know of no writings of the faid Hofpital that are
. miflaid, concealed, or defaced' ¦ except the- counter-parts-- of fome leafes mentioned in' the fchedule
marked (A), to be wanting.
12. To the twelfth article tllefe" refpondents- do jointly and' feverally anfWer* and fay> that' the
feveral buildings withinlh'e faiaVMofpital' which' were in the laft mafter's poffeflion (except fuch'as have .
heen: taken -from the* fartiej and were employed fora garrifon) We're, as' thefe refpondents believe, at
rife time of the late matter's death, in good 'repair. There has; notbeen, witlrin-the memories or the
memory of any of them, any general or other vifitation of the eftates' belonging tb the faid Hofpital,
the fame lying difperfe'd in-divers -places and counties; and'at great diftance from this city;' io that
thefe refpondents cannot fay in what condition the fame are now in. They do not krtow, orirave
heard,, of any dilapidation, wafte, or deflruction or fpoil, committed in the fame. Theleafes, terms,
and rerfts,and to whom the fame are granted; are mentioned in the faid fchedule, marked (A) ;
but whether they are confonant to the ftatutes they humbly refer- themfelves to the Lord Vifitor.
131 To, the thirteenth article, the -laid refpondents do' jointly and feverally anfwer and ¦fay, that, the-
receiver's place is inthe~appBihtment of the mafter, and- that JaSKsb-Baldeiftone was employed by the
late mafter' to be receiver of the faid. rents a»d revenues of the faid Hofpital, which he accordingly
didreceive till the time of the late mafter's death ; ancUtbe faid Jacob Balderftone has, fince the faid
late mafters death, gone on the receipt of the faid rents of the faid Hofpital, of and from fuch te
nants as weie -willing to, and did pay the fame, an account whereof is more particularly mentioned-.
and expreffed -in another fchedule hereto annexed, which thefe refpondents humbly pray may be
alfo taken as part of their anfwer, marked (G), which thefe refpondents believe to be true. And
that the faid Jacob Balderftone, from the time. -of the faid mafter's death, did, by virtue of being and
continuing receiver as aforefaid, receive and take all the rents tendered him by any perfon or perfons
liable to pay the. fame, till the late vifitation, held the, 21ft day of March, .1700,.. by the Lord Arch- •
bifliop, ¦

541* ,ST. CLEMENT DANES.
bifhop of Canterbury, and other vifitors conftituted under the Great Seal ot-" England, bearing date
fhe 4th day of March, in the 13 th year of the late King's reign; from whence, he-has gone op, 'and
¦ received fuch other rents as he could get, by virtue of a certain .order made by the laid Lord 'Vifi
tors, dated the 19th of June, 1701, and ready .to be produced, the .monies- remaining on the- foot of
the faid account is in the hands of the' faid Jacob Balderftone and Mr^Needham. As to the other
rents now due, and unreceived, they remain in .the feveral tenants hands. And the faid refpondents
do refer themfelves to feveral leafes now in the cuftody of the faid Mr. Willmer, to fliew in whofe
' hands the fame do now lye, and what they do amount to. The late Mafter Dr. Killigrew died on
or about the 14th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1699.
14. To the fourteenth .article the faid refpondents do jointly' and feverally anfwer and fay, that
they know.of no ornaments, -veftments, plate, books, or other goods, that do belong to the laid
Hofpital or chapel, other than what are produced, and herein mentioned; viz. three old picture,';,
and fome old tt(peftry hangings, .remaining in the mafter's houfe. The communion plate' belonging
¦ to the chapel of the Savoy is in the cuftody of Robert Bampton, warden, - and are as follows; viz.
oz. qurs,
•One great flaggon, weight - - - 75 o
Two leffer flaggons - - - ioj 3
One greater bafon, weight - - - 62 o ,
"Four patens, weight - - - 54 o
Two cups, weight - < - - 38 :o
And three .pewter, plates, alfo in the cuftody of the faid chapel-warden.
There is a large velvet pall, a leffer velvet pall,, a black cloth pall.
And in the cuftody of Edmund Taylor, chapel clerk, there, is a new velvet pulpit cloth, and altar
and table cloth of the fame velvet, and one old velvet pulpit cloth and cufhion.
The greateft part of the faid plate, ornaments, and veftments, were (as they have heard and
.believe) given and procured by the late mafter, Dr. Killigrew, the fame being before the faid Dr.
.Killigrew was made mafter very inconfiderable. ,
15. To the fifteenth article the faid refpondents do jointly and feverally anfwer and fay, they refer
-themfelves to the Lord Vifitor.
And the faid refpondents, fo far as the faid articles or interrogatories may lead thereto, do moft
humbly offer the faid fchedule, hereto annexed, marked (B) ; and by virtue of their oaths by them
feverally taken, do feverally declare and fay, that the faid fchedule doth contain a true ftate of the
.faid Hofpital, according to the beft of their knowledge and belief. And thefe refpondents do
again moft humbly pray, that the fame may be received and taken as part of their arifwers.
John Hooke.
J. Lamb.
Ni. Onely.
Lionel Coles.
John Nedham. Schedule

ST. -CLEMENT DANES. 41 J
Schedule (A) in Refponfis precedentibus mentionat'.
The Annual Rents due to the Mafter and Chaplains perpetual of the Hofpital of the Savoy
Rents within the Precinct of the Savoy.
i. William Thtirfby, efq. for his lodgings in the Savoy, Dec. 8, 1698, for 40 £.. s. d.,;
years - - - - - - - - -600
2. Thomas Addifon, efq. for his lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated 4th of March, 1699,
late Philip - ------- ^ o o
.3. Mr. Scotton and his wife, affignee cf Jane Woodcole, for feveral tenements in the
Savoy, leafe dated 27th March, 1673, for 60 years, to commence from Midfummer
167 1- - - - - - - - --850
4. Richard Morley, efq. and Thomas Henfliaw,- for their lodgings in the Savoy, dated
the 10th March, 1695, 40 years - - - - - -Joo
5. John Pulleington, efq. for his lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated 4th July, 1683, for
40 years - -, - - - - - -10 00
'6. John Kirk, efq. and Ann his wife, for their lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated 28th
April, 1674, for 40 years - - - - - - -500
j. James Lapley, for a kitchen in the Savoy, leafe dated 19th Sept. 1666, for 40
years - - - - - - - _ . •¦_ -070-
S. Caleb Hoole, for his lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated 12th March, 1685, for 40
years - - - - - - - - - -060
9. Frances Vanacre,- affignee of Mary Parker, for his lodgingsin the Saydy, leafe dated
27th March., 1673, for 60 years, to commence from Chriftmas 167 1 - - 160
10. Henry Killigrew; efq. for his lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated May 30, 1699, for
40 years - - - - - - - - -100
n. Ann Pace, affignee of Mary Weft, for her lodgings in the Savoy, leafe dated 19th
June 16, for 40 years --------
12. Dr. Calladen and others, officers of the French church, for the ehapel-wafd and a
houfe in the Savoy, leafe dated 19th Dec. i6g$, for 40 years - - - 13 13 o
13. Hannah Goodyear, affignee of Samuel Jackfon, for her lodgings in the Savoy, leafe
dated 10th Jan. 1686, for 40 years - - - - - -500
.14. John Jennings, efq. and Jofeph Hope, for a plot of ground in the Savoy - - 10 o o
if. John Jennings, esq. and Jofeph Hope, for two houfes in the Dutchy-lane, and a
backhoufe, ealled Hungerford Houfe, in the Savoy, leafe dated 21 July, 1696, for
40 years - - - - - - - " -0150
16. John Jennings^ efq. and Jofeph Hope, efq. tot houfes in the Savoy, leafe dated a -ift
July, 1696, For 40 years - - - - - - "°34
17. The fame pei'fons, for a plot of ground, and buildings, in the Savoy, leafe of the
fame date, for 40 years - - - - - - " -068
18. The fame perfons, for the 13th tenement in the Savoy, leafe of the fame date and
term - - - - - - - - -400
Vol. III. Ggg 19. The

aij 4

414 ST. CLEMENT DANES.
19. The fame perfons, for the 12th tenement in the Savoy, leafe of the fame date and
term ------ ...
to. John Nicholls, efq. late Goddard, for the nth tenement in the Savoy, dated 14th
April, 1699, for 40 years - - - -¦ 2 13 4
21. Joyce Sewell, affignee of Mary Webb, for the 10th tenement in the Savoy, leafe
dated 15th April, 1693, for 40 years - - - - - -2134
22. Mary Hills, widow, for the 9th tenement in the Savoy, leafe dated 24 March, 1699,
for 40 years ....--. ...
23. Robert Thornehill, efq. for the 7th and 8th tenements in the Savoy, leafe dated
4th March, 1699, for forty years - - - - - -668
24. Mr. Brown, affignee of Thomas Holt, efq. for the 6th tenement in the Savoy,
leafe dated 4th July, 1683, for 40 years • - - - - - 2 13 4
25. John Goldfmith, efq. for the 5th tenement in the Savoy, leafe dated 3d Dec. 1690,
for 40 years - - - - - - - - "33 +
26. Mrs. Mary Baldwin, for the 4th tenement in the Savoy, leafe dated 22d Nov. 1699,
for 40 years - - - - - - - - -2 13 4
27. Sarah Dubois, for the 3d tenement in the Savoy, leafe dated May 30th, 1699, for
40 years ... - - - - 3 q o
28. Mr Rogers, affignee of Lucyns Smith, for the 2d tenement in the Savoy, leafe
dated May the 29th, 1694, for 40 years - - - - -2 13 4
39. Ann Pace, affignee of Chriftopher Hills, for the ift tenement in the Savoy, leafe
dated 13th April, 1674, for 60 years, to commence from Chriftmafs 167 1 - - 2 13 4

Sum is 105 4 o

Rents referved upon Leafes for Three Lives.
1. Mrs. Mary Johnfon, for houfes and lands at Mile End, in Middlefex, leafe dated 29th
March, 1692 . . - - - . • 10 o a
2. William Dawfon, gent, and Henry Jacques, for Howreth Grange, in Yorkfhire, leafe
dated 10th July, 1679 - - - - - - - - 21 o o
3. Richard Harding, for Sutton Grange, in the county of York, leafe dated 15 May,
1694 ------ ...328
4, Robert Nicholls, for Skelton Coate> in the County of York, leafe dated 30 May,
1677 - - - - - - - - - -200
6. Robert Earl of Londonderry, affignee of the Lady Lucy Jackfon, for two meffuages
and lands in Cadw.rth; in the county ef York, leafe dated n March, 1680 - 55 9
5. Robert CrofsS'ekl, affignee of Edward Wyvill, for lands called Skeltoa Coate, in the
county of York, leafe dated 18th June, 1(96- - - - - a o a
7. Thomas fllis, gent, for lands in Ryehill, in the county of York, leafe dated 23d
July, 166 1 - . . . - . - - a. 4 4
8. Mrs. Elizabeth South, and Mrs. Butler, for the manor of Hodroid, in the county of
Yoik, leafe dated 8th Feb. 1693 - - - - . -9/32 9.. R-dph

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 415
9. Ralph Howard, efq. for the manor of Hooton, in the county of York, leafe dated the
25th Nov. 1682 - - - - - - - -30 00
to. Catharine Stringer, affignee of Thomas Stringer, for certain coal-mines in Sharlton,
in the county of York, leafe dated 19 June, 1635 " " * - o 10 o
11. William Welby, efq. for divers lands in Dalton and Gowerby, and elfewhere, in the
county of Lincoln, leafe dated Dec. 30, 1697 - - - - -932
Francis Morgan, efq. for the fite of St. Dew's hofpital, in the county of Northamp
ton, by leafe dated 30th May, 1681 - - - - - -1380
Henry Cofby, for lauds in Weft Haddon, in the county of Northampton, by leafe
dated 7th June, 1691 - - - - - - - -1134
Sir John Brifeoe, affignee of the late Earl of Banbury, for mills and lands in Barkton,
rdias Boughton, in the county of Northampton, by leafe dated 8th May, 1684 - 5120
Thomas Norris, efq. for lands in Garftang and Agberth, in the county of Lancafter,
by leafe dated the 30th of April, 1690 - - - - - -410
Mr. Samuel Heather, for houfes and lands in Sharlefton, in the county of York, by
leafe, the counterpart whereof cannot be found, dated 27th April, 1661 - 2 13 8

Total 123 12 5

Rents received upon old Leafes granted in Queen Elizabeth's Reign, the Terms wherein to come
are not particularly know n.
Hugh Bethell, efq. for the manor of Hallahed Holm, in the county of York -
William Spencer, efq. for the manors of Garftang in Lancafhire ...
Charles Lord Fanfhaw, and others, for the manor of Dengy, in Effex, 3 Elizabeth, for
600 years ----------
Mr. Rigby and Mr. Veale, for certain lands in Poulton and Carlton, in Lancafhire

Rent-Charges referved to the Ufe of the Savoy.
Mr. George Purcfoy, for a rent-charge payable out of the manor of Serve, in Warwick-
fhire ---..---..
Sir William Clark, for a rent-charge out of the manor of Shabington> in Bucks
Sir Charles Anderton, bart. for a rent-charge, payable out of the manor of Rainworth, in
" Lancafhire .--«•-----.

6

'3

4

10

8

0

43

0

0

2

0

0

62

1

4

ro 0

0

33 6

8

6 13

4

50 0

0

Ggg2 4 Rents

41 $ ST. CLEMENT DANES.
Rents referved on Leafes for 2 1 Years.
Thomas leckwith, gent, for Woodhoufe Grange, in the county of York, by leafe dated
the 4th March, 1699 - - - - - - - -13 6- 8
William Heath, efq. for the manor of Aclam, in the county of York, by leafe dated the
5th April, 1693 -------- 7174
Robert Carlifle, gent, for, lands called Greenthwayte, in the foreft of Galtrees, in the
county of York, by leafe, the counterpart whereof is not returned - - -4.00
Thomas Kirk, for lands called Sutton, in the county of York, by leafe dated the 20th .
February, 1693 - - - - - - - - -284
Mary Ibberfon,' affignee, of Richard Beane, for lands called Kirkftall Inge, alias Folly
Foot Inges, in-the county of York, by leafe, the counterpart whereof is not-to be found a - o a
Thomas Hills, for other lands, called the Kirkftall Inge,- alias Folly Foot Inges, iii the
county of York, by leafe dated 1 oth July, 1688 - •• - - - 200
Thomas Earl of Stamford, for the manor of Stanton under Bardon, in the county of
Leicefter, by leafe dated 12th March 1685, for 18^ years, to commence from the 14th
January then laft paft - - - -- - - -- -6 15 6
William Thurlby, for Abingdon Mills, in the county of Northampton, by leafe dated the
28th Dec. 1698 - - - - - - - - - 3 6 8
Robert Latimer and John Tomkins, for lands in Eaft Haddon, in the county of North
ampton, by leafe dated the 8th day of Dec. 1698 - - - - - 1134.
Mrs. Frances Towers, for Harpole Mills, in the county of Northampton; by leafe dated.
the 20th day of March, 1692 - - - - - - i 6 8/
William Swallwell,, for lands in Hafewell, in the bifhoprick of Durham, by leafe' dated
the 10th day of Feb. 1690 - - -- --- - - -- -100 45 14 10

Total of the annual rents payable to mafter and chaplains is - - 386 13 7
And there is referved for the ufe of the four chaplains, in lieu of their houfes, by leafe-
hold, by Frances Vonatree, affignee of Mary Parker, dated 27th March, 1673, for 40
years, to commence from the 6th June, 1671, the yearly rent of 48I. being 12I. to
each chaplain yearly - - - - - - - - 48 o, o
And there is referved for the ufe of the porter of the faid Hofpital,. in recom pence of an
encroachment made on his -lodge, by leafehold, by John Hearne, gent, and others.,
dated the 8th day. of May 1684, for 40 years, the yearly rent of - - - 10 o o
Schedule (B) in Refponfis precedentibus mentionat'.
King Henry VIII. by-letters patent, dated 5th July, anno regni fui quarto, reciting that; whereas
by letters patent under the feal of the Dutchy of Lancafter, dated the 3d of April, in the 2d year of
his reign^ he Jkad given -and granted to Richard Bifliop of Winchefter, and others, executors of
King

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 417"
King Henry VII.. his father;- the fite of the manor of the Savoy, or a certain place, or piece of land,
Called the Savoy, in the Parilh of St. Clemfent Danes and St. Mary at Strand, to the intent that the
faid" executors, or feme of them, might, by his liccnfe, found and eftablifh an hofpital there, to be
governed by fuch ftatutes and ordinances as they fhould make and appoint; and the faid King/
Henry VIII. did ratify the fame, and further gave licenfe to the faid executors, that they,- or the
fUrvivors of them, might build an hofpital for five fecular chaplains, one of which was to be mafter,
Upon the faid fite, to the honour -of Jefus Chrift, the bleffed Virgin Mary,' and St John the Baptift.
Which chaplains were to pray for the good eftate of the faid King Henry VIII. and Queen Catharine,,
during their lives, and for their fouls after their deaths; and more efpecir.lly for the foul of King
Henry VII. Elizabeth- his Queen, and Prince Arthur, their fon. And that the faid hofpital, when
erected, fhould be called " The Hofpital of King Henry VII. ;" and the mafter and chaplains fhould be
called " The Mafter and Chaplains of the Hofpital of the Savoy of King Henry VII." And that the
faid mafter and chaplains fliould be a corporation, and might purchafe or- take poffeffion, to -them or
their fucceffors, to the yearly value of 500 marks, ultra reprizas.
In purfuance of this grant and licenfe from King Henry VIII. the 'faid executors erected the
Hofpital, and appointed a .mafter and four chaplains (naming them), to be governed by fuch ftatutes
as fliould be appointed by the faid executors; this appearing by a writing under the hands and
feals-of ten«of the Executors of Henry VII. dated the 14th year of Henry VIII.
In the 1 $th year of Henry VIII. Jan-. 20,. fix of the faid Executors figned the ftatutes by which the
Hofpital Was to be governed, fo that how the Mafter and Chaplains governed the fame til) that
time is not known. Neither is it known what eftate was fettled upon the faid Hofpital by
the Executors of Henry VII. or any other, nor at -what time and times, or by whom, the'eftate, or
any part thereof, belonging to the faid Hofpital, which came afterwards to Edward VI. was given to'
the fame. .
Note, there were noother writings relating to the ftatutes, poffeffions, or government, of this
place, befides thofe mentioned before, until the fame was refigned and given up by King Edward VI.
fo that whether the ftatutes figned as before were obferved in all things, or in any part, till that
time,- can no where be difcovered or made- out.
The writers that have taken notice of this place * fay," that before it was -gh/en up to Edward VI. it
was become a harbour, or receiving-place, for loiterers, vagabonds, and ftrumpets, and was rather a
maintenance of beggary than a relief for the poor.
After the Mafter and Chaplains had furrendered the houfe to Edward VI. he, by letters patent,,
dated June a6, in the. .7th year of his reign, gave as many of the poffeffions thereof as amounted to
450I. per annum to the City of London ; together with all the beds, implements, &c. belonging to
the faid Hofpital ; which were to, be carried to Bridewell, which he gave at the fame time to the
faid City.
Here was an end of the Hofpital as it was founded and endowed by Henry VII. ; and, though a
due fearch hath been made, yet it is not to be found- to what ufe. the faid-.-Hofpital was put till it was
reftored by Philip and Mary. »
Who, by letters patent, dated Nov. 3, 3d and 4th of their reign, gave the faid Hofpital, and fite
thereof, with the manor of Dengy, and the advowfon of Dengy. church, and ordained therein a
mafter and four. chaplains, to be governed' according to the ftatutes of Henry the Seventh's Executors,
* Heylin's. Hiftory of Edward VI. p. 129 ; Queen Mary, p. 67. Stowe's Survey, p. 344. By

-_W ST. CLEMENT DANES.
By others letters patent of the faid King and Queen, dated May 9, 4th and 5th of their reign, they
gave feveral lands and tenements to the Hofpital, the certain yearly value of which amounted to
148I. ios. 8d. per annum. And many of the lands contained in thofe letters patent were reverfions
of eftates granted by King Henry VIII. and Edward VI. for terms in being at the time the faid
letters patent were paffed.
When the Hofpital of the Savoy was furrendered to King Edward VI. Stowe and Speed fay, that
the yearly revenue amounted to 529I. 15s. od. per annum ; but Queen Mary only endowed the fame
with 148!. ios. 8d. per annum, with the fite of the Hofpital, and the manors and advowfons of
Dengy, cum per tin , &c. fo that the revenue was diminifhed very much, and it cannot be expected
that the Hofpital would be maintained in the fame ftate that it was when it was furrendered, or-
that fo many as were appointed by the ftatute of King Henry VII. executors could be entertained
therein, and the fame provifion for the poor continued as had been before.
Moreover, at the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, one Thurland, being mafter of the faid
Hofpital, alienated as much of the eftate given by Queen Mary to the Hofpital as amounted to
60I. 4s. 4d. per annum ; for which, and other mifcarriages, he was deprived of his mafterfhip, as is
believed, and we have heard.
There is but one antient account of the revenue of the Hofpital, and that is for the year ending
at Michaelmas, the nth Elizabeth, by which it appeared that the whole poffeffions of the faid
Hofpital amounted then to 281I. 18s. 3-^d. per annum ; which being more in value than what is
mentioned in Queen Mary's laft patent, might happen by increafing the rents of thofe eftates which
were in kafe at the time of the grant, the leafes being at this time expired, or by the profits made of
the buildings within the faid Hofpital.
It does not appear by any regifters, or other evidences, that, after it was refounded by Queen
Mary, the mafter and chaplains did fill up all the places appointed by the ftatutes with fuch officers
as are appointed by the firft ftatutes ; nor that there have been, fince that time, any more or other
officers, in the faid Hofpital, than are mentioned in the anfwer to the firft article. And if it be con
fidered that the whole revenue given by Queen Mary, being about 14SI. ios. 8d. per annum, and
that the very ftipends of the chaplains and officers, befides their liveries, amount to above 13d. per
annum ; it cannot be imagined, that, ever fince the eftablifhment in that Queen's reign, the ftatutes
of the Hofpital could be obferved, or have been the certain rule by which the fame was govern
ed. And indeed it is very evident that they were not regarded in many things from that time;
for inftance, we find no fuch officers as the *  d'na prejbiteri conductitij, the gardener, the
butcher, the cook.
Alfo the ftatutes concerning the putting in the mafter and chaplains feem never to have been
complied with fince that time; fo that it mult be prefumed either that fome of the ftatutes were
annulled, or that fome alteration muft be made in the mafter and chaplains oath; or that no one of
them hath kept the fame, which would be no charitable fuppofition. Nay, there are fome inftances
which, fuppofing no alteration to have been made in the ftatutes, and that the mafter and chaplains
took the oath in thofe ftatutes, muft prove them perjured. For example, fome of the chaplains have
been difpenfed with by the mafter to be non-refidi-nt for longer time than the ftatutes allowed;
which difpenfation neither would be granted by the iM after, nor accepted by the Chaplains, without
breach of their oath Alfo, in :he laft chapter, which, about vifiting the place (had thefe ftatutes
been received upon Queen Mary's refounding the houfe) the Mafter and Chaplains would never have
• Sic. departed

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 4lff
departed from them without being perjured. No, nor if the Vifitor ftiould have made any new
ftatute, could they have received it.
Many other inftances might be given which fhew -that thofe 'ftatutes made by the Executors of
Henry VII. were never obferved after the new foundation. And there is not one fingle proof that
any one of all the number, being 43, was fii icily obferved at any time fince.
But whether any new ftatutes were' ever made, or whether any difpenfation with the old ones
was obtained, excepting in one fingle inftance, to wit, for letting leaies for longer time than is
allowed by the ftatutes, obtained by Montague , mafter in King James's time) can no way be mad©
out by any evidences or writings now belonging to the Hofpital.
Concerning the Manner how tbe Hofpital has been governed fince Queen Mary's Time.
ift. There has been a mafter and four chaplains, and fuch other officers as are mentioned in the
anfwer to the ift article, and no other that we know of.
The mafter, by tradition, and as we believe, has been always put in bv the King ; and has
always, or for the moft p?.rt, been firft chofen a chap'ain, then mafter; and, that election certified to
the King life has ufually approved the election, by confirming the fame under the Great Seal ; but it
doth not appe--ir how the mafters have been recommended to be chofen chaplains, whether by letter
or by verbal meflage.
The chaplains, vye_ conceive, have been ufually propofed by the Mafter, and chofen by him and the
other chaplains; but what oath the mafter or chaplains did ufe to take in former times cannot be
made out, but was probably the fame which was adminiftered to the prefent chaplains ; viz.
That, to the utuioft of his power, to obferve and keep the ftatutes and ordinances of the faid
Hofpital, fo far as they are agreeable to the word of God, the laws of the land, and the cuftoms
approved of in the faid Hoi pilal, or to that efficT: The reft of the offices and places in the faid
Hofpital, have (as is faid) been always in the difpofal of the Mafter.
In Queen Elizabeth's reign, we fuppofe, fomething like commons was kept up in the faid Hofpital;
but who had them, or what they were, we know not, our conjecture being made upon fome ordei s in
the regifters for ftaying them, firft to one time, then anotlur; and, in anno 1609. we find it
ordered that the chaplains fliould have the ftipends, which was 61. per annum, which was in lieu of
wages, diet, and liveries. The fame allowance they have at this day.
The chapel of the faid Hofpital has, by tradition, been ufed evtr fince Edward the Sixth's time as a
parifh church for the parifhioners of St. Mary le Strand, whofe church was demolifhed at the build
ing of Somerfet-houfe.. Dr. Pratt is minifter there. Had and lias a ftipend of aol. from the Mafter,
yearly, for officiating there.
As for the poor that have been received or entertained, very little account is to be given more than
what follows. About the nth of Queen Elizabeth it appears, that hi. one whole year there was
expended for the poor 42I. 9s. n-Jd..
._ About the 37th of Queen Elizabeth, Dr. Montague promifed to provide 60 pair of flieets, 40 ftraw
beds, and 40 coverlets, for the poor.. In the year 1698 it was agreed by the mafter and chaplains-,
that iool. per annum fhould be feparated for the ufe of the poor; but then, in the year 1608, Dr.
Neile, being then mafter, wrote out at the end of the regifter an -account of all the annual ftipends, and

;420 ST. CLEMENT DANES.
and expences of the Hofpital, as he found them, among which there is this item : "To the Hofpital,
for the relief of the poor, and bedding, 6ol.'' „ ..... .:
What allowances were made to the poor from that time, to the year 16.74 Dr., Killigrew was maf- ;
ter, no account can be found ; but, by tradition, 'the Hofpital became a place for reception .of fuel*, of
-them as came to fue in forma pauperis. . One Mrs; Young, , now a fitter of the faid Hofpital, remem-:
bers three fuch fent thither, about 22 or 23. years fince, by order of Dr. Killigrew, mafter, who were -
relieved, and had lodgings provided for them,, and ftaid about a month ; and at their departure the
faid Mafter gave them money, to bear tlieir charges home. And, about a year after, another fuch
like perfon came, ftaid about a fortnight, and received the like accommodations. . • . . ¦
After the laft Dutch war, to wit, about the year 167401- 167;, King Charles II. took the dormi
tory, and beds allotted to the poor, from the then mafter, Dr. Killigrew; and therein were put fick
and wounded feamen and foldiers, promifing to reftore the fame when thofe feamen and foldiers were
recovered. And, the ward not being large enough, he took the filters' and the porter's lodgings, at
61. -per annum apiece.
Dr, Killigrew made application from time to time to have the fame reftored ; but fo it is, that, when
the maimed fenmen and foldiers had left the fame, a regiment of foot-foldiers were put therein; and
the fame has been ever fince out of the pofleffion of the Hofpital; the beds, and all other things'
therein, when King Charles II. took the fame, being taken away and embezzled; and it is now
made ufe of for the reception of foldiers and prifoners.
Dr. Killigrew, the late mafter, not being able to retrieve the dormitory and beds, and being
fatisfied that it was incumbent upon him, nevei ihelefs, to beftow in charity fome part of the reve
nues of the faid Hofpital, did, in conftant penfions to divers diftreffed people, and in other occa-
fional charities, during all the time he was mafter, give, as the now chaplains verily believe, a very
confiderable fum of money yearly ; and, that he was a man of a generous and a public fpirit, his
expences in the chapel of the faid Hofpital, and of King Henry VII. at Weftminfter, who was the
founder of the faid Hofpital, do fufficiently teftify.
There have been two vifitations before the faid late *  of this Hofpital within memory :
the former in King Charles the Second's reign, and the other in the late King James's reign. At
the firft of which the Mafter and Chaplains appeared ; and, having given in their anfwevs, were dif-
. miffed, without any manner of reflections for not obferving the ftatutes, or any thing elfe done by
them. Neither did the vifitor?, by the commiffion of either of thofe Kings, leave them any orders
or injunctions to amend or reform the faid Hofpital, or alter the ufages and cuftoms of thofe time
obferved therein, but left them to do as they then did.
And as concerning the prefent chaplains, they are not confeious of any thing they have done that
may turn to their difadvantage,
At their admiffions they were wholly ftrangers to the ftatutes of the faid Houfe ; and, being called
by the Mafter to the feveral employments, and having firft read over the oath, the form of which is
heretofore declared, they took the fame in the chapel of the faid Hofpital, -together with the oaths of
allegiance and fupremacy, and did fuch other a6ts as the law required ; but they were not examined
either what benefices they had, or what ages they were of. Neither were they told of any refidence
required. After they were fworn, it was left to the regifter to enter their admiffions ; which they
think is done in the fame form ufed from the refoundation of Queen Mary.
* Sic. As

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 421
As" to the duties of their phccs ; they conceive that nobody will objeft to them, that they ought to
¦refide, confidering the prefent ftate of the place, become ever fince the three laft chaplains were
admitted, the houfes allotted to them having been burnt down, were g\ anted out in leafes for a term
yet enduring, and that by authority of Parliament.
And, by the faid leafes, no room or rooms, or place of refidence, is referved to them. And that,
by reafon of their non-refidence, divine offices are omitted in the chapel, becaufe there is a minifter
conftantly to officiate there ; who, befides what he receives from the parifhioners of St. Mary le
Strand, who have the prefent ufe of the chapel, and have had the fame ever fince Edward the Sixth's
time, has from the Mafter of the faid Hofpital aol. per annum. ; and there was never any complaint
¦that the perfon put into the faid chapel by the mafter has negledted his duty.
Laftly, as to their ftipends, they fay that 26I. per annum, which has been paid them and their
predeceffors near 100 years, is all they have for their livery, diet, and wages, and is the whole they
receive as chaplains, except ial. per annum referved to each of them as a ground-rent for their
houfes. And therefore we humbly hope, that if the Right Honourable the Lord Vifitor fhall, notwith
ftanding what has been faid in relation to the faid Hofpital, be of opinion that there has not been
expended in charity fo much as fliould have been, that will not be imputed as a fault in them, who
never received one farthing of the money that ftiould have been employed to that ufe. And, if his
Lordfhip fliall think fit in this vifitation to redrefs or reform for the future any thing in the ftatutes of
the faid Hofpital, they further hope that all neglects and omiflions hitherto fliall not be imputed to
them, confidering that they have been led into them by cuftom and ufage, which had prevailed long
before their feveral admiffions ; and alfo the impoffibility of performing thofe duties which feem to be
required of them, as the prefent ftate of the faid Hofpital now ftands.
Schedule (C) in Refponfis precedentibz mentionata.
An Account of the Rents of the Hofpital of the Savoy that have accrued due fince the Death of tha
late Mafter, Dr. Killigrew, which happened on the 14th day of March, in the year of our Lord
1699, and have been paid to and received by Mr. Balderton and Mr. Needham, is as follows.
For Tenements in the Savoy of Mary Hills. <£. s. d.
For the 9th tenement in the Savoy one quarter of a year's rent, due at Lady-day 1700 - o 13 4
Of John Vanacre, a year's rent due at Michaelmas 1700, for his lodging in the Savoy - 166
More of him, for a year's rent then due, and paid to the four chaplains for their lodgings
in the Savoy - - - - - - - - ¦ 48 o »
Of the affignees of John Heme for z\ years, due at Lady-day 1702, and paid to the
porter, for his lodgings in the Savoy - - - - - - * 25 o o
74 19 4
Vol. III. Hhh Rents

422 ST. CLEMENT DANES..
Rents received upon Leafes for 3 Lives.
'Mrs. Mary Johnfon, for lands at Mile End, i\ years due at Lady-day 1702 - - ,25 o cr
Robert Nickolls, for Skelton Coat, in Yorkfhire, 2-£ year? then due - » - -500
Thomas Ellis, for lands in Rychill, in Yorkfhire, i\ years then due - - 5 10,10
Elizabeth South, for the manor of Hodroid, in Yorkfhire, 2 \ years then due - - 22 17 11
Katherine Stringer, i-i. year due at Lady-day 170 1, for certain coal-mines in Yorkfliire - o 13 o
Robert Crofsfield, affignee of Edward Wyvill, for lands called Skelton Coate, in York
fhire, 2-| due at Lady-day 1702 '- - - - 5 o- o
William Welby, efq. for lands in Denton, in the coUnty of Lincoln, 2-1 years due at
Lady-day 1702 - -- - - - 2176
Francis Morgan, for the fite of St. D'ewe's Hofpital,. in the county of Northampton, half
year due at Lady-day 1700 - - - - — -7140
Henry Cofby, for lands in Weft Haddon, in the county of Northampton, 2^ years due at
Lady-day 1702 - - - - - -434
Sir John Brifcoe, affignee of the Earl of Banbury, for mills and lands in Barkfon, in the
county of Northampton, a years at Michaelmas 170 1 - - - -.1140

. 108 12 7

Rents received on Leafes for 21 Years.
Thomas Beckwith, for 2 years, due at Chriftmafs 1701, for, Woodhoufe Grange, in
Yorkfhire - - - - - - - - - -26 13 4
William Heath, efq. for the manor of Arklom, in the county of York, 2 years due at.
Michaelmas 1701 - - - ... . . . "I5IS. 4
Mary Ibbetfon, for lands called Kirkftall Inges, in Yorkfhire, 2 years due at Michaelmas
1701 - - - - •¦ - - - - 4. o a
Thomas Hill, for other lands called Kirkftall Inges, 2 years then due - - - 400.
Robert Lattimore, for lands in Eaft Haddon, in the county of Northampton, 2-* years due
at Lady- day 1702 - - - - - - - - "43 4
Trances Towers, for Harpole Mills, a year's rent due at Michaelmas 1 700 . - -168

SS l8 8-

Rent-charges received for the Ufe of the faid Hofpital.
The Lady Catherine Clarke, a rent-char,ge out of the manor of Shabbington, in the county.
of Bucks, 2 years due at Michaelmas 1701 - - - - - -66 13 4.

Total received is 3 24 15 11
Befides

ST; CLEMENT DANES. 403
Br fides which, there has been received for funerals, fince the Mafter's death, by Edward Tavlor,
chapel clerk, the fum of  * which remains in his hands, the particulars whereof the refpon
dents know not.
John Hooke.'
J. Lamb.
Ni. Onely.
Lion' Coles.
John Nedham.
E Rcgt0 Supreme Curie Delegator' Regior' extract'. Die Veneris, tricefimo primo die menfis
' Julii, anno D'ni mill'imo fextingentefimo fec'do, cor' prehonorando viro D'no Nathan Wright,
mllite, D'np Cuftode Magni Sigilli Anglie, eoq' intuitu llofpitalium Regie Fundac'oms p' totum
regnum Anglie Vifitatore; in'Vifitatione hac fua Hofpitalis de le Savoy, prope le Strand, in
comitatu Middlefexie, vocat' Hofpitale Henrici Regis Anglie Septimi de Savoy, feu quo-
cunque alio nomine idem Hofpitale nuncupatur, tento in Aula publica dicti Hofpitalis, prefente
Rob'to Wilmer, Notario Publico, Richardi Crawley, Armig', Regiftrarij Regij hac in Vifitatione
deputato.
Negotium Vifitationis tam Magiftri fi quis fit, quam Joh'is -\ Moniti funt iidem Joh'es Hooke,, Joh'es
Hooke,cl'ici, Johannis Lamb,S. T. P. Nicholai Only,S.T. P. 6 Lamb, Nich'us Only, et Lyonellus
etLyonelliColes,cl'ici,capellanor',necnonofficiariorum,fer- V poles, necnon Joh'es Needham, ad
vientium,etquorumcunq'aliommejufdemHofpital'autin- k danda refponfa fua; et prorogata eft
fra idem Hofpitalevel alibi hujufmodiVifitation' fubjector'. J vifitac'o ad hunc diem.
Quo die, facta primo proclamac'one uti moris eft, comparuerunt iidem Joh'es Hooke, Joh'es Lamb,
Nich'us Only, et Lyonellus Coles, necnon Joh'es Nedeham, et juxta affignation' pred' exhibueruut
refponfa fua perfonalia, in vim eorum refpective jurament' alias preftiu, articulis aliis contra eos vice-
fimo octavo die inftantis menfis, datis, qu' refpective pro veris cognoverunt. Deinde, ex mandato D'ni
Vifitatoris, eadem refponfa per me public^ p'lecta fuerunt ; quib's perlectis, Dominus Vifitator detulil
juramentum cuidam Jacobo Balderfton, janitori ejufdem Hofpitall-, prefenti in judicio, de fidei'
refpondendo quib'fcunq' queftionib' p' domination' fuam interrogandis. Qui quidem Balderfton-
Interrogatus vigore juramenti fui depofuit, That the profits of the burying-place belonging to the faid
Hofpital do, one year with another, amount to about 15I. per annum. His ita geftis, D'nus Vifitator
anted'c'us, p'leUis refponfis pred', et infpectis ftatutis difti Hofpitalis, ac audilis Joh'e Cooke, mili-
' .te, LL. D. Advocato Regio, necnon Nathan'le Lloyd, LL.D. Advocate Membror' affertor' d'eti Hofpital';
habitlq' matura confiderac'o'e totius negotij, finalit- interloquend', declaravit, quod per refponfa
predicta fibi manifefte liquet,. ipfbs eofdem Joh'em Hooke, Joh'em Lamb, Nich'umOnly, et LyonelP
Coles, de facto tantum, et non de jure, capellanos p'petuos ejufdem Hofpitalis fuiffe, eteffe; ex
eo quod ipfi tempore admiffion' fuar' refpective ad officium capellanor' pepetuor' Hofpital' pred'
jurament' p' ftatuta ejusd'm Hofpital' fua parte requifit' non pr'ftiterunt nee fubfcripferimt', ncc
eorum- aliquis pr'ftitit nee fubferipfit; fui ipfi iidem Joh'es Hooke, Joh'es Lamb, Nich'us Only, et
Lyouell' Coles, in officium capellanor' p'petuor' ejufdem Hofpitalis debito modo jurati et admifli
nunquam fuerunt. Ipfos tamen Joh'em Hooke, Joh'em Lame "Nich'um Only, et Loynell' Coles, et
* Sic.
Hhha quemlibet

424 ST. CLEMENT DANES.
quemllbet eorundem, penam amiffionis officij fui capellani perpetui Hofpitalis pr'd'oi incurnffe id-'m!
D'nus Vifitator declaravit, ex eo quod ipfiordinationeset ftatuta ejufdem hofpitalis non obfervaverunt
ncc perimpleverunt, nee eor' aliquis obfervavit nee perimplevit, fed eadem ohfervationes et ftatuta, et de-
bitum officij fui, juxta eorundem exigentiam,, penitus neglexerunt-et omiferunt; et precipue in hoc,,
quod ipfi in Hofpitale pr'd'co non vixerunt et refiderunt, -«ec eor' aliquis vixit et refidit, juxta exigent'
ftatutor' p'd'eor'; fed continue a tempore admiffion' refpectivar' ad officium capellanor' perpetuor' Hof
pital' pr'd' hucufq' extra Hofpital' pr'd' tunc vixerunt et refiderunt, et eor' quilibet vixit, et moram.
fuam traxit.-
Item igitur D'nus Vifitator, r'one pr'miffor', eofdem. Joh'em Hooke, Joh'em Lamb, Nich'um Only,.
et Lyonellum Coles, et eorum quemlibet, ab officio capellanor' perpetuor' five capellani p'petui.
ejufdem Hofpitalis amoveudos et deprivandos fore, fecundum ordinationes et ftatuta ejufdem Hofpi
talis, p'nunciavit, ipfofque et quemlibet eor' ab officio capellani perpetui Hofpital' pr'd' amovit et de-
privavit. Et quia modo nee magifter nee capellanus p'petuus ejufd'm Hofpital' exiftit, id'm D'nus
Vifitator Hofpitale pr'd-'cum diffolutum effe declaravit. Et Dominae Reginae in Curia fua, Scaccarijj
et Domino Thefaurar' Anglie defuper certificand' fore decrevit. Interim verb' in mandatis dedit diiftis
Joh'i Nedeham & Jacob Balderfton, ut curam agant de o'ib' ad Hofpitale pr'd' p'tin't' ; ac qnibus.
modo eura eft capeile, et eidem quoquomodo p'tin', eis eandem adhibere cur' de eifdem mandavit;.
et omnia et fingula munimenta, &c. penes regiftrumraado remanentia ibidem dontcaliter p' DomU
nam Reginam ordinal fuerit, cuftodivi juffit.
Ita-teftor;.
Rs Willmer, Notarius Publicus. Concordateum cum Originali';
quod atteftor Rs Willmer, Notarius Publicus Regu hac in Vifi-
tatione dep'tus.
Nos Nathan 'Wright- mil', euftos magni figilli AngV, eoq' intuitu Hbfpitaliiim regre fundac'onis in
et per totum Regni Anglie Vifitator, Cancellario prehonorabili Sidney Domino Godolphin, fum'o
Thefaurario Anglie, necnon Baronibus Sc'rii Serenifiime D'ne n're Anne,. Dei gratia, Anglic; Scotfe,
Fran', et Hib'nie Regine, Fidei Denfenforis, &c. Salulem. Vobis certificamuset innotefeimus quod dies
datus prefentium, in Vifitatione n'ra Hofpitalis de la Savoy, prope le Strand, in comitate Middlefexie,
vocati .Hofpitalo Henrici Piegis Anglie Seplimi de. Savoy, eodem Hofpitale Regis fundntionis
exiftente, pr'd'ct' return' n'rum finale unit' five definitive, haben'., quidam joh'es Hooke, clericu-",
Joh'es Lamb, S.T. P. Nicholas Onely, etiam S. T. P. ac Lyonellus Coles, capellani perpetui
ejufdem Hofpitalivs pr'd', debito modo amoti, deprivali funt, et quilibet eorum :ab officio capellani- per
petui Hofpital' pr'd' debite amotus et depr.vatus exiflit. Et quia modo nee magifter nee cape.il.uius
perpetuus, ejufdem Hofpitalis exiftit, idem Hofpitale diffolutum.eft. Que omnia vobis certificandurri
duximus. Et vos eaque ad-Dominam Reginam, ratione premiflbrum fpectant', juxta-officium veftri
debit-urn, curetis et fieri facialis. In cujus rei teftimon', litis prefentibus manum ct figillum meum
pppofui. Dat' tricefimo primo. die Julii, annojRcgni Serenifiime, &c. annoq'- D'ni 1 70a;
Claufe in the Will of King Henry VII.. relating to the Savoy Hofpital, from the original Will in -the
Chapter-houfe, Weftminfter. I11 Cur' recept' Scacar' five in Thefaurar' Dom' Reg'.
L. P. R.
In the Name of the Almighty God. and Merciful Trinity, the Fader, the Son, and the Holy Glioft;
Three Perfons and Yon God, We, Henry,, by, the Grace of God, King of England, and of France,, and.

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 42S-
and Lord of Ireland, of this Name the Seventh, at Our Mannor of Richemount, the kft Day of
the Month of March, the Year of our Lord God a Thoufand Five Hundred and Nyne, of Our
Reign the 24th, being entire of Mynde and, hoof of Body, the Laud and Praife to Our Lord God,,
make this our laft Will and Teftament, in the Manner and Forme hereafter enfuing, &c.
Inter alia fie continetun
And. for as much as we inwardly confider,. that the feven works of charity and mercy be moft.
profitable, due, and neceffary, for the falvation of man's foul, and that the fame feven works ftand
moft commonly in fix of them, that is to fay,, in vifiting. the fick, miniftring mete and drink.
and cloathing to the nedy, logging of the miferable poor, and burying, of the dede bod)S of
Chriftsn. people; we therefore, greatly tendring the fame,, and confidering that the next way to do
and execute the fix works of pity and mercy is, by means of keeping, fuftaining, , and maintaining,,
of commune hofpitalis,, wherein, if they be duly kept,, the faid needy pour, people be lodged, vifited
in their ficknefles, refrefhed with mete and. drink,, and if nede be with. 'cloth, and- alfo bury ed, if
their fortune to dye within the fame ; and underftand alfo that, there be few or noon fuch com'une
hofpitalis within this our reame, and that for lack of them infinite numher of poor nedie people miferably.
daily dye, no man putting hand of help or remedy : We therefore, of our great pity and compaffion,
defiling inwardly the remedy of the prem'es, have begoune to erect, build, and cftablifh, a com'une
hofpital in our place called the Savoie, befides Charing Crofs, nigh to our City of London ; and the
fame we intend, .with God's grace, to finifh, after the manner, fourme,. and fafhion, of a plat
which is devifed for the fame, and figned with our hand ; and have endowed it with lands and tene
ments, to the yearly value of eight marks, above all reprizes, to here, maintain, and fuftaui tlierew1*,-
as well one hundreth bedds, garnifhed to receive and lodge nightly oon hundreth pour ffbiks, as alfo a
certain number of priefts and. other minifters, and fervitors, men and women, as fuch a matter fhall
require, to have the keeping, ruling., and guiding, of yc fa* Hofpital and pour ffolks, and miniftring
unto them metes, drinks, and other, neceffarys -r. and alfo to do, execute, and perform, diverfe other
things within our f Hofpital, to the laud of God, the weal of our foul, and the refrefhing the fd
pour people in daily, nightly, and hourly, exploiting the fd fix works of mercy, pity, and charity,
after, fuch ftatutes and ordinances as we intent, to -make for the better ordering and directing the f'J
Hofpitall. And, if this be not fully, and perfitely finilhed,. and performed, and doon, or that the &
ftatutes be not entirely made by our felfe in our life, we well that then all the prem'es,,. and every of
them, be doon by our ex'tors, as foon as goodly may be doon after our deceafe. And, for the build
ing of the fa Hofpitall, and firft. provifion of 20.Q bedds, fully garnifhed for the fd 100 poor men-,,
books, chalices, and veftments, aultre-clolhs, a-ultre-tables, and other implem" neceffary for our,
f Hofpital, the chappell of the fame, and other, houfes of offices to the fame Hofpital belonging.
And, for ye more ready payment of. the money that fliall be requifite for the furnifhing of the fame,.
we have delivesed, in ready money, before the hand, the" fum of 10,000 marks, to the Dean and
Chapter of our cathedral, church of Paulis, within, our city of London, as by writing, indented
betwixt us and them, teftifying the fame paym' and receipt, and bearingdatat- the
day. of the mouth the 24th year our reign, it doth more plainly ?ppear; the
fame ten thoufand marks, and every parcell thereof, to be truly employed and bellowed by fuch a
perfon or perfons as we in our life fliall deputed and appoint to be mafter of our works, by our
letters in forme of a plabarde, figned with our hand,, and, leafed with our fignette. Or, if the f"
worke

426' -t ST. CLEMENT DANES.
worke be not done and finifhed in our life, as our ex'tors, after our deceafe, by their writing, fhall
depute and affign to be maftre of the fd works, about and upon the finifliing and performing of the
f ' works, and for provifion of the fd bedds, , books, chalices, veftm", altre-cloths, altre-tables,
and implem", as need fhall require, by the devife, comptrollm', and overfight, cf fuch p'fon as we,
or our f'1 ex'tors, in manner beforfr, fhall depute and defign, without difcontinuing the fd works, or
any part of them, till they be fully performed; finifhed, and accomplifhed, /the faid 10,000 marks
fo be delivered by the f1 Dean and Chapter, by bill and bills indented, to the fd Mafter of our faid
works, in our life and after, in manner aforefaid, by fuch parcells and particular fums, from time to
:t\mc, as the neceffity of the fd works fliall require, and as fhall be required and defired by the fd Mafter
of bur i* works, with fuch perfons as fhall have the comptrollm1 and overfight of the fame, to the
intent above releafed, by ind'res to be made betwixt the faid Dean and Chapter and the fJ Maftre
of the Works,- teftifying the delivery and receipt of the f" ¦ particular fums of money. And that,
as wi.-U the f Dean and his fucceffors, for the1 delivery of the f particular fums to the fJ Maftre of
-our works, by the defire and requeft beforef., as alfo the fd Maftre, for the employing and bellowing
/of the f fom of tenn thoufand marks, and every part thereof, of and upon the prem'es, be account
able to us in our life, and to our ex'tors after our deceafe, for fuch parcell thereof as then fliall reft
not employed nor beftowed upon the faid prem'es and provifions after our deceafe, as often and when
foever we and they fhall call them thereunto, as it is more largely expreffed in the faid indentures.
And in cafe the fJ xiii li marks fliall not fuffice for the hool peformance and accomplifhment of the
premiffes, and every parcell of them, and that they be not perfectly finifhed by us in our days, we
then wool that our ex tors, from; time to time, as neceffity fhall require, by like indentures, and upon
lik account, deliver to the f Dean and Chapter for the time being as fuch, money above the faid
xiii marks, as fhall faffice for the perfit finifliing and performing of the prem'es, and every part of
them, the fame money to be employed and beftowed upon the perfite finifliing and performing of the
fJ prem'es by the faid Mai ftre of our works, by the faid overfight, comptrollment, and accompts,
¦without dififting or difcounting of the fame works in any wife, till this and every parcel of them, as
before is faid, be full and perfidy accomplifhed and performed, in manner and forme afore
rehearfed. Q. more femblable com'une hofpitalis'; As well in fourme as value, one of them to be in the
fuburbs of York and the other of Coventry, and that our . ex'tors take, for p'forming the fame, of
-our money, plate, Jewells, and revenues, twenty thoufand marcs for each, which is 40,000 marcs in
the hool.
A ffeoffment of the Dutchy of Lancafter, -to anfwer the ufes of the King's will in the feventh, and
another inthe 19th year of his reign.
In teftimony, &c. dated at Canterbury, the 10th day of April, in the 24th year of our reign.
L. P. R8. '
Examined and compared the claufe
above mentioned .relating to yc
Savoy Hofpitall with, the original
Will of Henry VII. remaining in
the Chapter-houfe, Weftmr Abby,
27th Jan'ry, 1738.
Z; Chambers. In

ST. CLEMENT DANES.

427

In a certain Book, containing the Entries of the Compofitions of divers Ecclefiafticall Benefices,
remaining in the Cuftody of the Remembrancer of the Firft Fruits and Tenths in the Exchequer
of our Lord the King, at Weflminfter, amongft other things there is contained af follows ;
to wit,. xxiii0 die Decembr', An'o Regni Regis Edwdi Sexto, An'o D'ni 1549..

ccxl. Solvit inde Thome
Argall' xl li. pro refid'.
Primo Julii, p* x!,
ultimo Decr, 1550,
primo Julii, 15 51,-
ult' Decr, 155 1.
Primo Julii, 1552,
ult' Decr, 15^2,
primo Julii, 1553,
ult' Dec', 1553,
primo Jul'; 1554,
ult' Decr, 1554.

7. cc.

Middlefex. Joh'es Ellis, clicus, magifter Hofpitalis vocaf le "
Savoye, ac capellani ofpitalis predict', concefferunt fol-
vere d'no regi ducentas ac qyadraginta libras-k-galis monet'
Anglie p' primitijs ejufdem Hofpitalis; ac p' melior fatif-
fac' deb' pr'd', dimiferunt Will'o Peter militi, thefaurar'
hujus curie, ac certis official-' et miniftris ejufdem curie,
totum illud maner' meffnag' terras et ten'ta fua de Dungey,
quocunque no' is vel quibzcunque noi'bz vocantur vel
acceptantur, feituat' et exiften' in com' Effex, ac om'ibz
fnis roembr' & p'tin' quibufcunq'. Habe,nd- eifdem officiar'
et miniftris a Feft' Nativit' D'ni prox' futur' ufque ad
fermin' quinq' annor' tunc' p'x' fequen' : Reddend' inde
fingulis annis unam rofam rubeam ad Feft' Nativit' ac S'c'i
Joh'is Baptifte; fi petatur, pro o'ibz reddit' fervicijs &
demand', prout pr indentur' dimiffionis pr'd' plenius liquet;
This is a true copy from the originaL
record, 15th May, 1739.
John Hetheringtonv
Z. Chambers..
Savoy Hofpital Revenues.
Samuel Burton, gent, appointed Receiver by Lord Godolphin, 18th Sept1,
1702,. Recites' that Sr Nathan1 Wright, lord keeper, as vifitor of all hofpitalis ¦
of royal foundation, had certified, under his hand and feal, the 31ft July,
1.702, that the Hofpital was diffolved.-'
Now, the end that rents may be collected ^for the pious and charitable
Delivd before Sf ufes of the flounder, Know yee, &c.
1. W. and figned by him. Henry Howard, efqe, on the death of Burton, appointed ' Receiver
i'8th June, 1724.. R. Walpole,
Declared before Chan'celF and under Treafur of ye Excheqr.
S. R. W.
Examined with the Books of'
Enrollm' in ye Auditor's office t
for y= co. of Midd'x, 13 0&r,
IJ3Q. Z. CHAMBERS.
/Jy . Rents-

42S

ST. CLEMENT DANES.

Rents belonging to the late diffolved Hofpital of the Savoy in arrear and unpaid at Mich'as 1730.

No.

, Tenants -names and premifes.

Annual rents.

No. of
years

In arrear at
Mich', 1739.

S-
8.
19.

20.
25.

26 27 28
29,
3°
3i 3-
33
J43536 373»
39 40 4'
42

The Ex'tors of WilliamThurfby, efq. for lodgings In the Savoy
Mrs. Hannah Howfdn, who .keeps a itafioner's ftiop, pays
3I. js. per annum for feveral tenements in the Savoy, being
the old referved rent, the leafe expired at Midfummer 1731 ;
from which time fhe hath received the mefne profits from the
refpective tenements, which >mnft .amount -to a confiderable
fum, the houfe being worth.about 50I. per annum, ; but will
not pay any improved rent due thereon ; Mr. Hartmore and
Mr. King are tenants adjoining to Mrs Howfon under the
fame, and refufefh to pay the improved rent, the houfes being
worth 40I. or 5 61. a year.
Mrs. Killigrew, for lodgings in the Savoy -
Richard Crofs, lodgings in the Savoy - - -
Brome, the 6th tenement "in the Savoy. Mr. Griginon,
a barber, lives in this houfe, and not only refufeth to pay the
improved rent the houfe is worth, 30I. per annum
Paul Garway, efq. tbe 5th tenement in the Savoy -
John Henrick, efq. an encroachment on the porter's lodge. Mr.
Collins, a diftiller, Mr. Bryan, and Mr. Dickenfon, are in
poffeflion, and refufe to pay any rent, either referved or
improved. The leafe expired at Mich'as' 1724, and the
tenements are worth 30I. 40I. or 60I. per annum
Mary Johnfon, tenements at Mile End
John Mallifon, the porter's lodge -
Tenements late of Sir John Vanac«e,
The White Lyon - - - -
Mrs. Greenwood, late Mary Sexton, the Crown and Fann -
Mrs. Brown, the Boot -
Mrs. Ernes, late Scott, the Peacock ...
Mrs. Atherfley, late Mr. Greenwood, the corner houfe, next
the Savoy-gate - -
James Debrary, the Blue Ancljor - - * - *
Mrs. Fortefcue, a houfe next the Blue Anchor
A houfe, formerly Jenning -
Tenements, formerly Mr. Addifon's -
A. little houfe, next Mr. Jennings - - - -
Mr. Pranks and Belham. This houfe is now part of the barracks
The Dutch minifter, a houfe -
Mr. Morfee, a houfe -
Thomas Morphew, late Peter Mills, now in pofleffion of a
perfon called the Queen of the Savoy - - -
The Per-fian minifter, a houfe and church -
Dr Pratt, now John Wilkinfon, forthemafter'shoufeintheSavoy
The Chappell-wardens of the Savoy, for the burying ground,
and the bell of the church of Saint John Baptift, in the Savoy

£.s. 6 o

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338 o o
286 o o
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Sir, I have here fent you the beft account I can give you of the refpective tenants, of the Savoy,
who are in arrear to Mich'as 1736, I am, Sir,
Your moft humble fervant,
%i Jan. 1736". Will. Solely, jun. Deputy Reg.

ST. CLEMENT DANES. 429
There are Few places in London which have undergone a more complete alter
ation and ruin than the Savoy Hofpital. According to the plates publifhed by the
Society of Antiquaries in 1750 it was a moft refpe enable 'and excellent building,
¦ere£ted on the South fide literally in the Thames. This front contained feveral
projections, and two rows of angular mullioned windows. Northward of thi.5
was the Friery : a court formed by the walb of the body of the Hofpital, whofe
ground-plan was the fhape of the crofs. This was more ornamented than the
South front ; and had large pointed windows ; and embattled parapets, lozenged
with flints. At the Weft end of the Hofpital is the prefent guard-houfe," ufed as
a receptacle for deferters ; and the quarters for 30 men, and nbn-commiffioned
officers. This is fecured by a ftrong buttrefs, and has a gate-way, embelliftied
with Henry the Seventh's arms, and the badges of the rofe and portcullis ; above
which are two windows, projecting into a femi-fexagon. The Weft front of the
chapel adjoining has nothing particular to recommend it, the windows and doors
partaking of that wretched ftyle into which the florid enrichments of our anceftors
had degenerated in the reign of Henry VIII. On the Eaft fide is the burial-
ground, raifed 15 fteps higher than the floor of the chapel; at the South end a
fmall tower, perfectly plain, on the Eaft fide of which a cehtinel mounts guard.
A few diminutive trees over-fhadow the mouldering walls, and give a rather pic-
turefque character to the place.
The infide of the chapel is an odd mixture of flmplicity and decoration ; the
original altar-piece of which muft have been extremely rich and beautiful. If the
executors of Henry VII. adopted the plans of their deceafed monarch, this altar
may have been defigned . by Sir Reginald Bray. The very name of this diftin
guilhed architect ftamps grace and elegance on the -broken remnants left on the
Eaft fide of the great window, now filled by a moft glaring crimfon and gold-
fringed curtain, painted, as if thrown carelefsly over a pedeftal, fronted by the
tablet of the- Decalogue, on which is the royal arms. The precious fragment
alluded to confifts of a double pannel, on each fide of a niche, which terminated
originally in delicate pinnacles. The niches are feparated by quatrefoils, each leaf of
which is filled by trefoils, and the centres by the rofe in one, and portcullis in
the other. The canopy of. the niche has fix fides in the lower, and three in the
upper divifions, feparated by- the pinnacles of the cinquefoil arches. Each fide is
pierced into beautiful little windows, and the whole terminates in a dome of qua
trefoils, furmouoted by a pinnacle. This was repeated on the Weft fide. The
Vol. III. Iii ' PItiful

430 ST. CLEMENT DANES.
pitiful brafs plate of William Chaworth, 1582, and the kneeling effigies of Lady
Dalhoufy, 1663, have contributed tothe ruin of the Eaft niche; but the huge
monumental farcophagus, and effigies (with an infcription illegible), have utterly
demolifhed the Weftern. Four ftaples, for lamp-hooks, ftill remain above the cano
pies. The prefent plain mahogany table is inclofed by rails of the fame materials;
and an oval above is infcribed with the 6th verfe of the xxvith Pfalm, and the 23d
and 24th verfes of the vth chapter of St. Matthew. "
The roof is fingular and elegant, and flightly coved over the windows. This
part is covered by a number of arched pannels. The fpace between them, the
whole length of the chapel, is divided into feveral hundreds of quatrefoils, whofe -
leaves are circular, and inclofe crowns of thorns. Thofe contain carved emblems,
on fhields, endlefs in variety. Many are immediately underftood as figurative of
the Paffion, and other parts of Scripture ; but others are not fo readily compre
hended by Proteftants. To particularife them would require pages. Four qua
trefoils joined make an irregular figure. Thofe throughout the roof are formed
into lelTer quatrefoils, with pointed leaves, terminating in foliage. A gallery at
the South end contains a very fmall organ ; and the pulpit is againft the Weft
wall. On the above wall, near the North end, is an altar-tomb, fronted with three
quatrefoils, and an ornamented niche ; on the back of which have been effigies,
engraved on brafs. There is no infcription.
Between it and the North wall a fmall tablet to Anne Killigrew, 1685 ; and
ftill higher a kneeling effigy of a lady. But the infcription is too diminutive to
read. Another, perfectly plain, to Elizabeth Jenyns, 1684.
A very neat tablet to Sir Richard Blake, knt. 1683.
And two others, plain, to Robert Brown, 1709, and John Hewett, 1705.
At the South end of this wall are the remains of a niche and broken canopy.
On the Eaft wall are the tablets of Stephen Payee, &c. ; and Sir John Jacob ;
Robert Burch, 1789; and .Captain Thomas Browne.
A kneeling female, with a fcull, without any infcription.
And a large monument of the time of Queen Elizabeth, enriched with pillars
a niche, and other ornaments. The effigies of a lady is extended on the pedeftal
or bafe of the tomb.
ST.

( 431 )

ST. CLEMENT EASTCHEAP, CANDLEWICK WARD.
THE Parifh of St. Clemen*, as Newcourt invariably calls it, is very fmall,
containing but 54 houfes, 190 male and 162 female inhabitants, total 352.
There is nothing remarkable -in this parifh ; or in that of St. Martin Orgar,
annexed to it fince the great fire of 1666. The ftreets, courts, lanes, and alleys,
are inhabited by many opulent perfons ; whofe houfes, as muft ever be the cafe
in a free country, are furrounded by others filled by valuable, but lefs fortunate
citizens. Thefe parifhes fuffer all the inconveniences entailed on them by the
publick in the reign of Charles II. in narrow ftreets, and foot-ways of three or
four feet in breadth ; it cannot therefore be wondered that damps fhould prevail in
them three-fourths of the year.
When I would have prefented my credentials for obtaining a view of the parifh
records, I found that the laft incumbent was deceafed, and a gentleman appointed
who then refided in the country, and had not taken pofleffion, on account of the
repairs making in the church.
The church of St. Clement belonged to the abbot and convent of St. Peter
Weftminfter. Queen Mary prefented it to the fee of London.
Tonftall mentions Sir William MefTe chanter, 7I. 13s. 4d. goods 40I. fined 4I.
Sir John Kingfton chanter 61. goods 7I. 16s. fined il. 6s. 8d.
The official book mentions the following chantries.
John Cartveney (called by Newcourt Chardeney) founded a perpetual chantry,
and gave for the maintenance thereof nl. 3s. 4d.
William Ivorne (called Ivory by Newcourt) gave, for the fupport of two priefts,
lands and tenements, fer annum, 20I. 2s. 4d.
Robert Haliday gave to the church, " for to be prayed for by the morrow-mafs-
prieft, unto whom fhould be given 8 s. ; and, to keep an obit, lands amounting
to 14I. ios. per annum."
The church of St. Martin Orgar was a rectory. The word Orgar is derived
from Odgarus, or Ordgarus, who gave it to the Dean and Canons of St. Paul's,
whofe fucceflbrs ftill poflefs it.
Mr. Henry Morton, rector, 12]. goods nulla, fined 3I.
Sir Thomas Marfhal, curate, 14I. 13s. 4d. goods 71. 4s. fined 50s.
I i i a Sir

432 ST. CLEMENT EASTCHEAP, CANDLEWICK WARD.
Sir Stephen Mytton, ftipend 81. goods 7I. 6s. 8d. fined 30s. *
Chantries :
" William Gromar gave all his lands in the parifh of St. Swithin, &c. to fup
port a chantry and prieft, 30I. 15s. 4d.
John Wefton gave, towards the augmentation of our Lady, mafs to be. fung by
note,, all his lands and tenements in the parifh of St. Martin, per annum 12I. 18s. 8d.
William Crefwyke gave, to find two priefts., all his lands and' tenements,.
amounting to,, per annum,. 13I. 5s.
Subfequent to the deftruction of London, the two livings have been made 140I.
Newcourt mentions 22 rectors, of St. Clement's from the reign of Edward IIL to
his time,, and but feven of St, Martin's.
1707, Aug. 18. John -Pulley n, M.A.
Dr. Sankey, circa 1708.
Dr. Thomas Godch, circa 1714  17,32V
William Sedgewick, D. D.. mafter of Queen' s-college, Cambridge, died Nov. 4,
1760. Walter Kerrich, M. A. Nov. 29, 17.60. He held this rectory,, with that of.
Chigwell, Effex -j-; and died July 20, 1803.
John Farrer, M.A. 1804.
This church is without regularity in the arrangement : the North wall has
four. Compofite pilafters, which fupport plain arches in the gentle cove of the
cieling ; with blank arches, originally windows, between fome of the pilafters.
The South fide has an unequal-fided triangular recefs, bounded by pilafters, and
fronted with two pillars of the Compofite order,, and aru architrave. This forms
a gallery, whofe front is particularly elegant. The Weft end is like the North
fide ; againft which is a large organ, in a clumfy cafe.. The Eaft ead has a large
arched window over the altar, and two* others on each fide. The pilafters are
painted in imitation of veined marble, and the capitals are gilt. The fpace
round the window is painted to. reprefent a curtain,, with, gilded ornaments, a
glory over the window, and angels on the arches.
The altar-piece confifts of three compartments, each formed by two Compofite
pillars,- with pediments ; the centre, circular, with urns. This contains the Com
mandments, with pretty carving above and below them; the others the Creed and.
Lord's Prayer. The table, is fupported by Caryatide boys, and. the rails are very
richly carved.
* Tonftall. f; He was alfo a canon-refidentiary of Salifhury ; . and publiflied a Fait Sermon in 178 1._
The

ST. CLEMENT, EASTCHEAP. 433
The pulpit is moft extravagantly loaded with carvings ; particularly the found
ing board ; but,, however fanciful* the heavinefs of the outline deprives the whole
of a good effect.
There are but two tablets in the church. One, on the South wall, is thus
infcribed :
" In this vault repofes the body of Mary, the beloved wife of Mr. John
Cater, of this parifh, merchant ; who had by her one daughter, named Ann,
yet living; and one fon, named John, who died at 19 days old, and is here
buried by his mother. She was third daughter of Mr. Abraham Weffeil, a
late eminent merchant of this city. She departed this life, at Carfhalton, in1
Surrey, the 2d day of March 1694-5, in the 25th year of her age, much
lamented by her hufband, and all that knew her piety and other exemplary-
virtues. Bleffed are the dead that die in the Lord. The faid Ann, in a conftant
dutiful behaviour to God and her father, died Nov. 6., 171-4, astatis 21, and ia-
here interred."
On the North wall, a neat little tablet,
" Near this place are depofited the remains of the Rev. Thomas Green, M. A.
who died Jan. 1 , 1783, aged 52. In approbation of his faithful fervices as curate
of this church, for more than 27 years, the inhabitants of St. Clement Eaftcheap
and St. Martin Orgar's have caufed: this memorial tQ be erected, as a- juft tefti-
.mony of their gratitude and efteem."
The external appearance of the church has nothing to recommend1 it. Brick
walls are feldom. compofed of any particular order. They pofTelTed indeed one
secommendation, of which they have lately been deprived, a number of windows.

ST.

"1'"('.v.43'4 , )

ST. DIONIS, or DIONYS1US, LANGBOURN WARD.
THE infide of this church confifts of a nave and two ailes, formed by four
pillars, and an equal number of femi-pillars, of the Ionic order ; which have a.
wretched incorrect entablature, and fupport the great arch of the nave, with
femicircles for circular clereftory windows.
The cieling of the ailes are horizontal and plain.
The altar-piece has four Compofite pillars, with gilt capitals and bafes, and ele
gant carvings, under a correct entablature and circular pediment. The great in-
tercolumniation contains the Decalogue, the others the Creed and Lord's Prayer.
Over the firft are the arms of England.
The organ ftands in a recefs, and is a large plain inftrument. ,
The pulpit and founding-board are fupported by the North-eaft pillar^
Monuments.
In the chancel a large tablet, painted black, has the following infcription :
" Near this place lies the body of Sir Arthur Ingram, knt. Spanifh merchant,
and citizen of London, defcended from a family in Lincolnfhire. He died
Sept. 12, an. Dom. 1681, et fuas 64, leaving behind him a mournful widow,
Dame Anne Ingram, daughter of William Lowfield, citizen of London, and four
young children ; viz. Robert, Arthur, Hannah, and Anne. Alfo the body of
the above-faid Hannah, who married Arthur Champneys, of Raliegh, in Devon,
efq. and leaving one daughter, died May 1, A.D. 1693, aetat. fuae 20. Alfo '
the body of the above-faid Dame Anne Ingram ; who, continuing a widow, and
performing all other acts of love and tendernefs to her children, died truly and
heartily lamented by them, March 29, A.D. 1702, set. fuse 59 ; to whofe memory
her two fons, Robert and Arthur, have erected this monument. Alfo, the body
of the above-faid Robert Ingram, efq. who died June n, 1745, aetat. 76. Alfo
the body of the above-faid Arthur Ingram, efq. who died May 29, 1749, aet. 77.
Durum fed levius Jit patientid quicquid corrigere efi nefas.- — Thy will be done !"
Another tablet, in the chancel, is dedicated to the memory of Anne and Maria,
wives of Lionel Gatford, S. T. P. rector of this parifh $$ years. A fmall

ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUSr 435
A fmall and neat tablet, furrounded by drapery, to the memory of Eliz. Cra
ven, 1782, aged 71. And her hufband, John Craven, 1785, aged 71.
On the, South -wall, a large Corinthian monument, to Eliz. Woods, 1690.
James Woods, 1700. And his fecond wife, Dame Mary Ruflell, who married
Sir William RulTell, knt. She died 1723, aged 73.
Another, very neat, to Nathaniel Letten, merchant, 1682, aged 6^.
One, on the Weft wall, adorned with flowers, to D'Oyly Michel, efq. de
fcended from the Michels in Dorfetfhire, 1727. Anne, his widow, 1743. And
four of their grandchildren, three fons and one daughter of Richard Edwards, efq.
by his wife Dorothy, their only- daughter and heir.
Another, near it, facred to the memory of William Martin, of Shadwell, efq.
1770, aged 6$. Anna, his fecond wife, 1768, aged 60. And Anna Davis, grand
daughter to William Martin, 1792, aged 28.
On the laf Weft pilhr of the nave, an oval tablet, which has a female mourn
ing on a broken pillar, infcribed!,
'* Near c. is monument refts the body of Thomas Hankey, efq. who departed
this life Sept, 13, in the year of our Lord 1793, aged 53. He was an affection
ate hufband, a moft tender father, and a fincere friend in time of real need."
A large monument of two Corinthian pilafters and an arch, with boys fufpend-
ing a canopy, infcribed,
" Juxta columnam, (cui adhseret avorum monumentum) requiefcit pars magna
Gentis Rawlinfonianse •, viz.
Thomas Rawlinfon,
ab antiqua et honefta ftirpe apud Brigantes ortus :
virtute ful illuftris :
Principi fuo Jacobo 11° P. O. M. fidelis :
Inter equeftris ordinis viros coopratus, et ex ejufdem
Regis mandato Conful Londinenfis renunciatus, anno
1687.
Poftea legionis civicae Albae chiliarcha nominatus, et Praefes
Hofpitiorum de Bridewell et Bethlehem uno fere curatorum
animo electus 1705.
Anno demum mirabili 1706, arbitrio popularis auras in
prasturam hujufce urbis evectus.
In omnibus vitas officiis civis boni et parentis amantiffimi partes
aufpicio fatis felici adimplevit : Probus,

436 ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUS.
Probus, innocuus, malarum artium expers, in exequenda juftitia et dirimendis
popularium litibus nee prece nee pretio ad alterutram
partem inclinatus :
asris alieni non appetens, nee fui profufus, fine omni dedecore tenax :
De omnibus denique, quibtvs innotuit, bene meritus eft.
In uxorem afcivit Mariam, filiam natu maximam Ricardi Tayler, armig.
de Turnham Green in com. Middlefex; quacum 27 annos degebat placidos,
et 15 liberorum pater evafit.
In hac parochia natus fuit ille Thomas menfe Martii 1647 ;
et e vivis excedens n Novembris 1708, ad paternos pedes inhumatus.
In eodem cum patre conquiefcunt fepulchro quinque Thomas et Marias
liberi ; viz.
Anna Maria, nata 26 Martii, 1682; denata 28 Martii, 1687.
Daniel, natus 30 Decemb. 1683, denatus 14 Maii 1686. :
Maria, nata 14 Julii, et denata 16 ejufdem menfis, 1685.
Margaretta, nata 14 Julii, et denata 13 Septembr. 1686.
Sufanna Maria, nata 8 Septemb. 1688, non minus corporis quam animi
forma confpicua, flagranti in Deum zelo, religiofo in parentes ftudio, et
animi viribus, ultra astatem, ab omni parte illuftris. Raptim, licet
matura ccelo, ad coeleftem properavit chorum duodecennis, 10 Septemb. 1700.
Daniel alter ab Indis Orientalibus rediens, febre et dyfenteria correptus,
setatis fuas anno 18 obiit 27 Decemb. 1708 Callacutae, et in Sanctae Helenae
Infula fepultus.
Hanc officii, beneficiorum memores, et amoris tefferam qualemcunque
marito, patri, et familiae optimis, M. P.
Maria uxor, Thomas Rawlinfon, armig. Ricardus, LL. D.
Maria, Gulielmus, Anna, Honor, Johannes, Conftantinus,
et Tempeft, liberi fuperftites ;
qui, ad fublevandos hujus parochiae pauperiores, annuos quosdam proventu*
erogavere, ea lege, ut familiae memoria perennetur, quantum in
illis eft, et nitor hujus marmoris, curantibus ecclefiae
guardianis, a. fqualoribus vindicetur.
Maria vidua Thomae equitis obiit Chelfegas com. Midd. 21 Feb.
1724-5, aetat. 63.
Thomas filius natu maximus Tho. et Marise obiit 6 Aug. 1725, et

ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUS. 43t
et in ecclefia D. Botulphi prope Alderfgate fepultus, aetat. 44,
Gulielmus ex filiis Thomas eq. aur. natue 8 Maii, 1693,
Obiit 7 April, N.S. 1732, et Antverpiae fepultus.
Of this monument there is a copper-plate, as well as of the perfon it comme
morates ; the latter by Vertue, from a portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, at
Bridewell hofpital, of which he was prefident. Thomas, his eldeft fon, collected
a library, which was fold by auction, in nine parts, during 16 days. The
amount of the firft five parts was 2409I. The other parts were 145 days in
felling, in the fucceffive years 1721, 1723, 1726, 1727-8, 1729, 1730, by
Thomas Ballard and Charles Davis, in all 25 weeks. No wonder then that it
required four rooms in Grays-inn to contain it, and that its owner's bed was
turned into the paflage.
Sir Thornas's fourth fon was not lefs eminent as an antiquary and collector.
His library was 50 days in felling after his death, 1756, and produced 1164I,
He was buried in the chapel of St. John's-coUege, Oxford, of which he was &
member, and a great fupport. His foundation of a Saxon lecture in that
univerfity was only carried Into effect about feven years ago, and ha* had three
profeflbrs ; of which only the firft, the rev. Charles Mayo, read lectures. The
fecond, Thomas Hardcaftle, M. A. vacated it by marrying. Thi third has
very recently been appointed,
On the North wall a .tablet, between Corinthian pilafters, with Fames on the
cornice. " Near this place lies inter-red the body of Thomas Lewis, fon of Jdhn Lewis,
of Jamaica, efq. who departed this life Sept. 16, 1.714, aged 13 years. Neajr
this place lies alfo the body of George Lewis, fon of John Lewis, jun. of Jamaica.,
efq. who died Oct. 25, 1722,, aged 6 years and 7 months.
*Oy (pir\i? ®bq$, Swjnia vso's.
E fuperis juvenes, rapiunt fera numina puros,
Et fuperis mifce^motus amoreDeus.
A large monument, confifting of a pedeftal, a canopy, buft, and boys, in
fcribed, " M. S. Edvardi Tyfon, M.D. ab.anti.qua ftirpe, in agro Cumbriae, ori-
undi ; viri omni eruditione atque doctrina, in illis imprimis ftudiis quae medi-
Vol.HI. Kkk cum

4f& ST: DIONIS, OR DIONYS1US.. ' •
cum aut irrftrttunt, aut ornant, praefrantiffimi ; in arte anatolnica; plane; fingu-
laris ; qui, Coll. 'Medico'rutri. Londin. et Societ. Regiae foeius fuit ;. in aula chi-
rurgorum praslector anatomicus ; in hofpitio-mente captorum medicus fideliffimus ;
pmni vitas munere cum laude defunctus, pietate erga Deum, amore in confan-
guineos, fide in amic'os, liberalitate erga egerfos, animi candore, morumque fua-
vitate inter univerfos, fempiternae glorias commendatus, morte obiit repentina,
calend. Aug. A.D. 1708, annos natus 58."
A neat and richly ornamented tablet..
" In the chancel is interred the body of Sir Robert Geffery, knt. and alder
man, fome time fince lord mayor of this city of London, prefident of the* hofpL-
tals of Bridewell and Bethlehem, an excellent magiftrate, and of exemplary cha
rity, virtue, and goodnefs; who departed this life Feb. 26, 1723 ; and in the 91ft
year of his age. And alfo the body of Dame Percilla, his wife, daughter of Luke
Cropley, efq. who deceafed Oct. 26, 1676 ; and in the 43d year of her age."
%. monument on a pillar for Daniel Rawlinfon, wine-merchant, father of Sip
Thomas'Rawlinfon before mentioned, defcended from the antient family of that
name at Graifdale^ in the county of Lancafter, and born in this parifh, 1647.
Died 1 679. " H. S. E.
Sub marmore prope pofito,
in expectationem beatas refurrectionis,
Corpus Danielis Rawlinfon,
civis et tenopolae Londinerifis,
honefta et antiqua familia1 Grafdaliae
agrb'Lancaftrienfis ori-undi.
Si annos fpectes, fatis diu vixit ; •¦*
fi beneficia, premunt annos ;
fi animo agitata
prematura mOrte abieptus eft.
Obiit anno aetatis 65,
idibus Onintil. 1679.
Jacent juxta fepulti
"Margareta uxor,
, ...v Daniel filius/ natu' maximus, Elifcabetha

ST. DIONIS, QR DXONYSttJS. .-^>9
' Fiizabetha filia, >" ' ' '
Maria filia, quae fuit
uxor Johannis Mazine, armigeri ,
et Rawlinfon Mazine '
infans, nepos,
et unica Marias proles."
Gifts fince 1799 : John Lee, efq. Jofeph Salvador, efq. and Pr.'Smith, rector,
aol. each; William Minet, efq. 25I. ; Edward Tyfon, M.D. Arthur Ingram, efq.
Lewis Mendes, efq. 30I. each ; Thomas Turgis, efq. Mr. Rothwell, Mrs. Slaney,
Lady Ruflell, and Sarah Nicholls, iol. each; Dr. Gatford, rector, Henry Wef-
terrrian, 50I. each ; Mr. George Cope, iool. -, and Thomas Blackburn 5I. ;
Frances Say, daughter of Miles Wilken, clerk of this parifh, gave two filver cups
for the altar.
St Dionyfius very properly received the addition of Back church, for never
was facred fane more completely inclofed, or -more completely concealed. After
mentioning this fact, the reader will not expect a defcription of its external walls.
This living is one of the thirteen peculiars (in London) belonging to the fee of
Canterbury, to which it was conveyed by the Prior and Chapter of Chrift Church.
¦ The Dean and Chapter of that cathedral have the prefentation. '
Rectors.
27 rectors from 1228 to 1680.
Dr. Lionel Gatford, May 22, 1680 died 1715 *.
Jofeph Smith, D. D. Prefented 1730 tothe donative of Faddington. He was
a .prebendary of St. Paul's.
Thornas Curteis, Dec 24, 1756. Died 1775.
* His epitaph is :
*' Vir prifca fide,, pietate, amicitia, animo eccl. Anglicanse devotiflirno. Quern pauperes, dum in
vivis, experti funt egregie largum, fato fumSum, praefertim vero Coll. Jefu apud Canrab. (quo quon
dam alumnus gaudebat)et filii clericorum, ecclefiaeque Anglicanae benefa&orem, nunquam non lau-
dabant, munincentiflimum. Obiit fpe beatae refurre£tionis fretus xvi. cal. O&. A.D. 1715, stalls 63.:"
K'kka WilL7m

440 ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUS.
William Tatton, D.D. Sept. 1775. Died 1782.
John Lynch, D. C. L. July 23, 1782 j archdeacon and prebendary of Canter
bury; whofe non-refidence precluded my ufual refearches. He was of Chrift
Church, Oxford, A.M. 1760, LL.D. 1760 j youngeft of the two fons of the late
Dean, whofe eldeft fon,. the late Sir William Lynch, was for many years his Ma
jefty's envoy extraordinary at Turin. He died May 1803, aged 68.
Wihiam Gimingham, M. A.. 1804.
St.Dionis is not mentioned in TonftaH"s valuation. After 1666 the value of the
living was raifed to laol. per annum*. Chantries.
" John Derby, fome time alderman, 20 Edward IV. gave, to. find two priefts,
lands and tenements, per annum 13I.
Maud Bromeholme, 1 Henry IV. gave, to find a prieft and one obit, lands and!
tenements, fer annum 5I. 7s. 4d.
John Wrotham, 23 Edward III. gave, for finding two priefts, fer annum,.
15I. 7s. 4d.~ Pewterers-hall.
On the Weft fide of Lime-ftreet is now let to one of the regiments of
London volunteers. A neat court, and fubftantial building. The Company are
indebted for the premifes to William Smallwood, mafter in the fecond year of
King Henry VII. who gave a garden, and nine tenements, by will, dated Aug. 23^
1487. A picture of him, ftanding, in his black furred gown, with his will in the
left, and gloves in the right hand, is preferved in the Court-room. He wears a
black hat ; has a fmall ruff, and large beard ; with benevolent good-natured,
features, There is an old carving above the door, reprefenting a crown over a red rofe,
T. G. a fhip on a globe, and the fun rifing, infcribed, " Si Deus pro nobis, quis
tontra nos ?"
And in a window a dial of painted glafs, " Sic vita," with a fpider and fly
crawling on it 1 and the Company's arms,, under a little pediment : Azure, on a
chevron, between three crofs-bars Argent ; as many rofes Gules : " In. God is all
tur trujl."
This hall ufed to be let to dancing mafters, of whom, the occupier about 1750
was Monf. Lally. The

ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUST 44j
The Pewterersare the 16th Company, and were incorporated 1474*. The livery
fine fome years paft was 20I. They are entrufted with the power of infpecting all
pewter throughout the kingdom ; but the freemen of the Society are prohibited,
on pain of forfeiting their freedom, from exercifing their art out of it.
The "Defcription of all Trades, 1747," represents, that the "Making of pew
ter confifts chiefly of two parts, calling and turning, which is one perfon's bufi
nefs, and not fo healthy ; hammering or planifhing, which is another's ; one work
man but feldom doing all the operations. It is an ancient ufeful trade. Moft of
them are large fhop- keepers, and very confiderable dealers; which, and the pla
nifhing part, is reckoned a very pretty employment for a fmart youth, with
whom muft be. given as an apprentice fee not lefs than 20I. whofe working hours
are from fix to eight, at which a journeyman can get 15s. 18s. and 20s. a week ;
and it requires 500I. to fet one up handfomely." ,
It fhould be remembered that the ufe of pewter is far lefs common now than
when the above was written. China and QueenVware, glafs and filver, have
expelled it from our tables.
The number of houfes in the parifh of St, Diohyfius appears to have increafed
fince 1732 : according to the tythe-roll there were then 120; the enumeration of
1800 mentions 130, occupied by 419 males and 449 females, total 868.
The ftreets, courts, and paflages, may be ranked in the middle clafs in the
feale of convenience, breadth, and drynefs. Fenchurch is unqueftionably the
beft vftreet, and the houfes of it contain the beft fhops. Opulent perfons are
fcattered in the other parts, but the avenues to their refidences are not very
pleafant. In the veftry-room of this parifh are feveral brafs fyringes, about four or five
feet in length, fhaped exactly in the prefent form, which were ufed by our ancef-
tors for extinguifhing accidental fires. I fhould imagine thofe only in chimneys ;
for the "idea feems too abfurd to fuppofe the inhabitants of London could expect
to mafter a confiderable conflagration by means fo obvioufly incompetent. I
think the hint worth attending to, that they might now be adopted with great
effect in fending water up a burning chimney.
Before I difmifs this article, the reader fhould be informed of a dreadful acci
dent which happened within the church in November 1803, that may be received
* '.' Anno quarto Henrici oftavi. Thefe be the ftatutes eftablifhed in divers parlyaments, for the
miftery of Pewterers of London, and concerning the .fearch of pewter, braffe, and untrue beamei
and weights; and for deceivable hawkers, with divers other orders and redreffes to be had in ih».
feyd myftery, with the renewing and confirming, of the fame ftntutes," 4t0- Bnt- ToP- h 6o°- bv.

4*5 ST. DIONIS, OR DIONYSIUS.
by the advocates for particular deftiny as a proof of the truth of their doctrines ;
efpecially when added to another circumftance in the life of Jofiah Dobfon; fex
ton of St. Dionyfius. And yet, although this poor man had, and defer'ved -a
good character, no occurrence of his life was fufficiently -important to render
him an object for more than ufual human cafualties or prefervation. When a
boy, he was one of the children admitted into Chrift's Hofpital; whence
he was fent to Hertford ; there, full of the activity and imprudence of
youth, he wantoned away the intervals of fcho'ol-hours with his thoughtkfs
fellows; accident or fatality at laft led them clofe to the bafe of one of the
fteeples in that town during a ftorm of lightning and rain, where they had not
long remained before a ftream of the dreadful fluid defcended on the fteeple, arid
infranraneoufly killed a boy who almoft touched him. Some of the particles
emanating from the pairing ftream burnt his blue gown, and fcdrched his back to
that degree that the marks were never obliterated. He was otherwife uninjured.
At the period firft mentioned fome derangement had occurred in the Weftern
branch for candles; which is, as ufual, fufpended by a chain pafled through the
cieling of the nave, and balanced by a large piece of lead, for1 the purpofe of
pulling it down with a hook within reach, and reftoring it to its place when the
force is removed. Several men were employed in holding the branch, and the
unfortunate fexton aififted. At this moment the weight feparated from the chaint
broke through the cieling, and fell upon the pavement; the ftones of which were
fhattered to pieces. A corner ftruck Dobfon on the head, tore the fcull, ai^d
threw part of his brains upon the adjoining pews and door. He was taken,
fpeechlefs, to St. Bartholomew's Hofpital, where he died within a few houp.
Upon examination the thick iron hook of the weight was found to be literally
reduced to a thread, by the corrofion of , a century's damps; in which ftate that
of the other branch remained, threatening deftruction to the congregation below.
Mrs. Price, After to Dobfon, and now fextonefs, fell, when fix years of age,
from a window of a fecond floor, and broke her back, and is now a tolerably healthy
yet pitiable object.
In fuch cafes we can only adopt a fentiment which Mr. Addifon, in .his tragedy
¦of Cato, puts into the mouth of Portius,
" The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, .
Puzzled in m zes, and perplex'd with errors;
Our underf anding traces them in vain,
Loft and bewi'dei'd in the fruitlefs ftarch ;
Nor fees with how much art the windings run,
Nor where the regular confuiion ends."
ST.

( 443 )

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST.
V
I THE parifh contains 155 houfes, and the lower precinct, 90, the parifh 5095
precinct 263 males, the former 544, and the latter 297 females, total 1613.
The parifhioners are generally very opulent, and many of the mercantile houfes
are far fuperior to the town refidences of moft of our nobility ; though it muft be
allowed that the ftreets are dirty, narrow, and dark, and the paffages and courts
leading to them inconvenient.
The church is fituated on a declivity leading to the Thames, within a large
burial-ground, in which are many large and flourifhing trees, whofe boughs fup*
port a complete rookery. Sr. Dunftan's rectory belonged to the Prior and Chapter
of Canterbury ; but they conveyed it to Simon Iflip, archbifhop of Canterbury,
and his fucceflbrs, for ever. Tonftall has not mentioned it in his Valuation.
"The Parifh Clerks, 1732, fay it is worth 200I. per annum to the reclor.
Chantries.
*' John Bottefham and Alice Potyn, widow, founded a chantry, by virtue, of
the King's licence ; and granted a rent charge of 10 marks from their lower
mefluage in the faid parifh; and after gave the faid meffuage to the rector and
churchwardens, to the intent they fhould pay the faid 10 marks to the prieft,
and the refidue of the profits to be received in a box, to be lent to the poor, per
¦ annum, 17I. 16s. 8d. 1
Joan Maker and Alice Lynne gave unto the fame, to find a prieft and keep an
:obit, all their lands and tenements, per annum aol. ios, 8d.
Robert Colebroke, with others, gave to the fame, to find a prieft and divers
obits there, all their lands and tenements, per annum 13I. 13s. 4d.
William Barrett gave, to find a prieft, all his lands and tenements, per
annum 12I.
The rector and wardens have two tenements ; one in the parifli of St. Dunftan,
.in the -tenure- of Thomas Bacon, per annum 3I. -6s. 8d.; and the other in the parifh
of "St. 'Mary at Hill, in the tenure of Thomas Bradford, per annum iol.; of whofe
gift they be they know not ; but they have employed the fame as iolloweth : To
John

Hi ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST.
jo!.;-! Hereford, prieft, for hisftipend, yearly, 7I. To the Hofpital of Southwark,
2s. 8d. To the poor 3s. 4d. And for the obit, yearly, 16s. 6d.
The fraternity of our Lady founded, of devotion, within the fame church ; viz.
JohnToye, by his will, gave to the rector and wardens^ and to the mafter and
wardens, of the faid brotherhood, one tenement, in Cofen-lane, in the parifli of
Allhallows the More, upon condition they fhould repair the fame:; and the refi
due of the profits fhould be towards the finding of a chaplain to pray for the fouls
of the brethren and filters of the faid fraternity, 20s. ; which was beftowed upon
the church and reparation of the tomb."
In the year 1417, and on the afternoon of Eafter Sunday, a violent quarrel took
place in this church between the ladies of the Lord Strange and Sir John Trufiel,
knt. which involved the hufbands, and at length terminated in a general conteft.
Several perfons were ferioufiy wounded ; and an unlucky fifhmonger, named
Thomas Petwarden, killed. The -two great men, who chofe a church for their
field of battle, were feized, and committed to the Poultry Compter ; and the
Archbifhqp of Canterbury excommunicated them. On the 21ft of April that
Prelate heard the particulars at St. Magnus church ; and, finding Lord Strange
and his Lady the aggreffors, he cited them to appear before him, the Lord '
Mayor, and others, on the firft of May, at St. Paul's, and there fubmit to
penance ; which was inflicted by compelling all their fervants to 'march before
the Rector of St. Dunftan's in their fbirts, followed by the Lora bareheaded,
and the Lady barefooted ; and Kentwood, archdeacon of London., to the church
of St. Dunftan ; where, at the hallowing of it, Lady Strange was compelled to fill
all the facred veffels with water, and offer an ornament value iol. and her huf ¦
band a piece of filver worth 5I. * We have things in better train now, when the
civil power would have prevented all this pitiful farce, and referred the crime
to the honour and confcience of 12 men, who are not to be purchafed by 15L
worth of filver, bare feet, bare heads, and white fhirts.
Newcourt names 34 rectors from 13 12.
The following have had the living fince his time.
Rectors.
William Strengfellow. When lecturer of this church, and of St. Andrew Un<
derfhaft, he publifhed a fermon, from Matthew xx. 22, on the election of a lord
mayor 1693. He died June 19, 173 1.
* -Stowe's Chronicle, p, 598.
Edmund

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST. 44S
Edmund Bateman, prefented 173 1. .Archdeacon of Lewes, publiftied four
fermons'*, and died 1 75 1 .
John Jortin f, D.D. May 7, 1751. Died 1770.
Thomas Winftanley +, M.A. Jan. 28, 1771. Died Feb. 7, 1789.
Martin Berifon, M.A. April 19, 1789. Refigned 1791.
John Lloyd, LL. B. Dec. 1791. Refigned 1798.
Peter Coryton §, D. D. July 27, 1798.
A benevolent curate of this parifh deferves to have his name recorded. According
•to the Univerfal Magazine, June 175 1, the Rev. Canham Sparke, of Caius-
college, Cambridge, A.M. 1737, gave and diftributed the following fums : iol. to
Tower Ward fchool ; 20I. to a religious fociety in Crooked-lane; iol. to St. Ca
therine's fchool ; iol. towards adminiftering the facrament at Bow-church ; iol. to
a new hofpital for lunaticks; 7I. ios. to 50 prifoners in the Fleet; the fame fum
to 34 at Wood-ftreet Compter; 9I. 9s. to 33 at Whitechapel prifon ; releafed 7
debtors, and gave them money, at Ludgate ; releafed 12 others at the Marfhalfea,
and 8 at Newgate ; he expended 45I. in thefe three prifons for the above purpofe ;
he ga-ve-between 40 and 50I. to poor houfekeepers at Newington and in London;
and, finally, appropriated 50I. for inftructing and apprenticing poor children ;
.and, Oct. 31, 1750, he gave to the London lying-in hofpital 50I. ||
St. Dunftan's church was partly deftroyed in 1666. The external walls do not
-deferve defcription. The internal are better worth notice. They contain five Tuf-
n * A Spital fermon, 1 John iv. 7. 1738; before the Sons of the Clergy, 1740, 2 Kings iv. r, 2;
before the truftees of the colony of Georgia, 1 741, Deut. xxxiii. 1 8. 29 ; on Trinity Sunday, Eccl. vii 16.
f This excellent man was a -native of Huntingdonfhire; bora about 1701 ; educated at the Charter-
houfe; and admitted of St. John's college, Cambridge, A.B. 1718, A.M. 1722; made a do&or at
Lambeth; prefented to Eaftwell, Kent, by Lord Winchelfea; to St. Dunftan's, by archbifhop Her
ring, 17^1 ; to Kenfington by Br Ofbaldefton, bifhop of London, who alfo appointed him preben
dary of St. Paul's, and archdeacon of London. He was fome time affiftant preacher for Bifhop War
burton at Lincoln's inn. His works are, 14 Sermons on the truth of the Chriftian Religion, 1730 ;
Mifcellaneous Obfervations on Authors antient and modern, 1731, 2 vols ; Sermon at the confecration
of Bifhop Pearce, 1747 ; Remarks on Ecclefiaftical Hiftory, 3 vols. 1751 — 4; fix Differtations on dif
ferent fubjefts, 1755; Life of Erafmus, 2 vols. 1758, 1760, 4to. Thefe are enumerated, Gent.
Mag. XLVI. 495, LVII. 195. Seven volumes of Sermons were publilhed by his fon after his death,
to which he intended to have prefixed his life by the late Dr. Heathcote of Southv>.e , -pubi.llud
Separately in 1787 ; but a fuller is prefixed to two odlavo volumes of Tra&s by the Doctor, 1792.
% Of Trinity-college, Cambridge; A.M. 1766.
§ Of All Souls, Oxford; A.B. 1770, A.M. 1772, D.D. 1781.
¦\\ Gentleman's Magazine, vol. XX. p. 522.
Fol. III. Lll can

446 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST.
can pillars and two femi-pillars in length, with plain arches and key-ftones ; over
them, on each fide, are clereftory windows, which are neither Gothic nor Gre
cian. Thofe of the fide ailes have two mullions, forming two pointed divifions ;
and a centre circular, with a circle over it. A large one, at the Eaft end of the
South aile, has four mullions and cinquefoil arches. That of the North is muti
lated. The cielings of the nave and ailes are perfectly plain, excepting fquare
divifions. The organ is in a handfome gallery, on Corinthian fquare pillars; but
the cafe of the inftrument has nothing remarkable to recommend^t.
The altar-piece is particularly handfome. Six Corinthian pillars fupport an
entablature, an arch, and an Attick, all highly enriched by carvings. On this
are four Compofite pillars, with entablatures, and a circular pediment, the tym
panum of which is filled by ornamental carvings. The intercolumniation con
tains an inlaid nimbus ; thofe of the lower pillars the Creed, &c. Seven grand
gilt candlefticks are difpofed on the cornices. Behind the altar-piece is a pointed
arch, which has been a window, bounded by a painted crimfon curtain ; and to
reprefent an Ionic recefs, furmounted by cherubim. The arch over the Decalogue
contains two remarkably well-painted boys, with a tablet between them, infcribed,
" Glory to God in the higheft." Under it very rich carvings of coronets, grapes,
and wheat-ears. The altar is fupported by four angels, and the sails are uncom
monly rich, elevated on two fteps.
The pulpit, againft a North pillar, is plain.
Monuments.
On the North wall of the chancel is a neat tablet :
" Here under lies interred the body of the Rev. William Strengfellow ; who
was fucceffively curate, lecturer, and rector of this church and parifh, for the
fpace of 40 years; and departed this life June 19, in the year of our Lord 1731,
aged 73 years. Alfo Frances Strengfellow, his widow, who was daughter of William
Boddington, of this city, merchant. She died Aug. 25, 1747, aged 69 years.
Facing the above, a handfome tablet, to Bernard'Hyde, 1630; Anna, his
wife, 1640 -, Bernard Hyde, 1655; Hefter, his wife, 1649; Sir Bernard Hyde,
1674; and an infant, 1662.
On the North wall, a pretty Compofite monument, to Lady Mary Moore, wife
of Sir John Moore, knt. and alderman, 1690, aged 58.
Under this is a monument, with a pedeftal fculptured with emblems of mor
tality, fpiral pillars, and divided pediment, to the memory of Sir John Moore, knt. and

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST, 447
and lord mayor, a member of parliament, and prefident of Chrift's Hofpital,
j 702, aged 82.
Another, to William Paggen, merchant, 1689-90, aged 45.
A Corinthian monument, over the veftry-door, is to the memory of Robert
RufTell, 1662, aged 63 ;. Lady Elizabeth Waterman, the wife of the above gen
tleman, and 'Sir George Waterman, 1675, aged 63 ; and Kenrick RufTell, fifth
fon of Robert, 1670, aged 22.
Another, to Richard Hale, efq. 1620. . -<>/ «r;,.
A very neat monument, by Scheemakers, of veined marble.
" DecefTerunt ;
Petrus Joye armr, pius, probus, beneficus, die Jan. x. x;cioioccxx, setat. 85.
Et Elizabetha (Marefcoe) uxor, pia, pudica, benevola, die Apr. 14, 1681, eet. 40.
Una cum filiolo Petro humati.
In hac aede, 36 p. 2. u. ab Orient.
3 1 p. a Septentr."
Adjoining is a neat farcophagus, with inlaid tablets, a pyramid, and curta:ns.
" To the memory of Samuel Turner, efq. late of Mincing-lane, merchant ; who
was 13 years alderman of Tower ward. During which time he ferved the offices
of fheriff and mayor, with equal honour to himfelf and fatisfaction to the publick.
He was a man of unfullied integrity, of a moft placid and benevolent temper, of
ftrict virtue, and unaffected Chriftian piety. He died Feb. 23, 1777, aged 6^.
" And, on Sept. 26, 17.87* died Elizabeth his wife, aged 83. Their bodies are
both depofited in a vault in this church."
A little tablet is to Sufanna Gourney, 1675-6, aged 39; Edward Gourney,
1703, 75; Ann Rickards, 1714, aged 48.
Againft the Eaft wall, Richard Meynell, 1683, age(^ 53-
A plain tablet, on the fame wall.
" Near this place reft the remains of Mrs. Ann Prowting, wife of Mr. William
Prowting, who died Jan. 4, 1780, aged 75 years ; alfo of Mrs". Ann Jortin, wife of
Rogers Jortin, of Lincoln's Inn, efq. and daughter of the above William and Ann
Prowting, who died Dec. 9, 1774, aged 37 years ; as likewife the remains of the
above-faid Mr. William Prowting, apothecary; who, after a liberal and fuccefs-
ful practice in his profeffion during a refidence in this parifh of above 60 years,
died in full poffeffion of all his faculties, Sept. 20, 1794, and in the 86th year of
his age. But his priilanthrophy and benevolence will be remembered while any of
L 1 1 2 his

448 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST.
his cotemporaries furvive. Having been foremoft in the defigning and eftablifh-
ing St. Luke's hofpital for lunaticks, he was chofen treafurer to the charity, 177.4,
and filled that office with general approbation more than 20 years."
In the South-eaft window is a large monument, with the reclining effigies, in a
full-bottomed wig, rtfting on a cufhion, accompanied by weeping boys; and
behind him a black pyramid, infcribed to Sir William Ruffe], knt. 1705, aged 62.
A large wreath, furrounded by drapery and fcrolls, richly gilt, infcribed to
Sir Peter Parravicin, knt. 1696, aged 59 ; and his daughter, Mary Parravicin,.
1725, aged 56.
A fmall marble fhield, dedicated to Hefter Ewer, 1763, aged 30 ; Nathaniel
Ewer, 1774, aged 71 ; Sarah Ewer, his widow, 1776, aged 67; and Mifs Sarah
Ewer, 1785, aged 40.
At the Weft end, one
." Sacred to the memory of Thomas Turner, eldeft fon of Samuel Turner, of
this parifh, merchant, and alderman of Tower ward. He died at Strafburg,
'Sept. 1, 1771, aged 27 years, on his travels through Germany; from whence
his remains were brought to England, and depofited in the family vault beneath.
He knew no joy but friendfhip might divide ;
Or gave his parents grief, but when he died."
There are five tablets, on as many pillars.
One, remarkably neat, to James Burkin, efq.
Another, to Richard Cary, efq. who died Jan. 25, 1726, aged 78.
A third, to Edward Belitha, efq. 1717, aged 76.
The fourth, Jane King, 1746, aged 70.
And the fifth, John Garett, M.D. 1683.
There are feveral coats of arms in ftained glafs.
. The fteeple of St. Dunftan's confifts of a tower, in which are handfome Gothic
windows ; the fpire is elevated on four arches, which terminate in a point under
its bafe. This is confidered handfome : it may be wonderful ; but it certainly
looks, though perhaps it is not, dangerous *.
Lady Dyonifia Williamfon, of Hales Hall, Norfolk, contributed. 4000 1.
towards rebuilding St. Dunftan's.
* The church of St. Nicholas, at Newcaftle upon Tine, has a fteeple fomewhat fimilar, engraved
in Mr. Brand's Hiftory of that town, vol. I. p. 260. It was errbneoufly ftated in the news-papers to.
have fallen. down,. March aS, 1801.
Bakehs-

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE EAST. 449
. Bakers-hall
Is fituated at the Eaft end of Harp-lane, one of whofe fides has a large and
excellent warehoufe. The entrance is under a colonade of Ionic pillars; but
the building is uncommonly pkin, and therefore difficult to defcribe. The hall,
or dining-room, has a fcreen of the Compofite order ; in which are two arches,
with carvings of fome tafte above them. At the North end are three large-
paintings : the centre one the arms of the Company. That on the right, Juftice,
with her attributes ; but the feale preponderates on one fide, which is perhaps
-intended to convey an idea that the Company in their tran factions give the
baker's dozen. That on the left is the patron Saint, good bifhop (Q.. Dunftan ?).
The whole are unworthy attention.
The court is a large and rather elegant room, with two Corinthian pilafters
on the fides of the chimneys. At the tipper end are two others ; under which is
the Mafter's chair.'
The Company (which is the nineteenth; certainly confifts of the moft impor
tant fet of men in the community; without whofe affiftance this populous city
would foon become a fcene of mifery and wretchednefs. For this reafon we find
them to have been a brotherhood before 1 155, whofe mafter and wardens attend
the lord mayor weekly, for the important purpofe of affifting in the fixing of the
afiize or price of bread.
The bakers of white bread were incorporated 1307; the bakers of brown 1621 *.
In 1747 about iool. was fufficient to eftablifh a mafter in bufinefs ; when the
labourers of the trade received 7s. and 8s. per week wages, with their board ; and
the livery fine was iol.
I was refufed permiffion to copy their benefactors' good deeds, and even the more
infignificant pecuniary matters of fines, fees, &c. &e. Indeed, I have been very
unlucky in this parifh ; through the late rector's non-refidence, and the church
warden's fear of injury to the interefts of the parifh if I entered into a hiftory of it.
Strange ! that an author fhould be condemned for following information already
known to' the publick, and yet be denied the means of obtaining other facts.
On the 9th of November, 1445, Richard earl of Salifbury demifed to Andrew
Tye, for the term of his life, an hoftel, or inn, in the parilh of St. Dunftan near
, the Tower, for the annual rent of a rofe-flower ; which, among other perfons of
confequence, was witneffed by Simon Eyre, mayor of London, John Derby and
Geffery Felding, fheriffs, and Thomas Catworth, alderman of Tower ward y.
* Does this mean the diflinftion between Wheaten and Houfehold '?
-fc Madox, Formulare Anglicanum, CCXV. p. 126.
ST..

( 450 )

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST, FARRINGDON
WITHOUT.
I FIND many particulars relating to this vicarage in a bill prefented to the
Lord Treafurer Danby by Sir Francis Pemberton, ferjeant at law, and other
parifhioners, in confequence of an attempt on the part of the vicar, Jofeph
Thompfon, and Nicholas Over.by, to levy 2s. 9d. in the pound on their rack
rents as tithes. This was in the 28th of Charles II.
Part of the parifh is in London, and part in Middlefex. Several years before
the 30th of Henry VIII. the rectory belonged to the Abbot and Convent of
Alnwick, Northumberland, and was a vicarage endowed. This Monaftery held
many meffuages, fhops, and tenements, in Fleet-ftreet, either as part of the
glebe or otherwife.
A difpute arifing between the Abbot and Vicar, it. was agreed between them,
that the Vicar fhould receive every due, oh the confideration. of the fum of 1 81.
fer annum paid by him to the Abbot and Convent. Afterwards the Vicar, confi
dering himfelf at great charge in providing a curate, &c. made application to the
Abbot for a remiffion of 81. per annum.
This was complied with, and iol. per annum was paid till the Diflblution, when
the fum was transferred to Henry VIII. and his fucceffor EdwardVI. About the
fifth year of the latter reign, Richard Lift, vicar, prefented a petition to the
Court of Augmentations ; -faying, " That his predeceffors had paid to the Ab
bot," &c. the yearly penfion of 18I. And that " fince ye fame time, the fame
vicaridge was (above ye yearly value of 20I.) greatly in decay, by reafon of feve
ral ftatutes made in the reign of Henry VIII."
Upon this petition there was a decree of court made, ftating, that the King's fur
veyor for London and Middlefex found, " that fince the decay of the faid vicaridge
there hath been paid only ye iol. per annum to yc parfon and patrons of y= fd
vicarage, as did appear by yc depofitions of ye moft honeft and credible inhabi
tants of the- faid parilh ;" and in the faid decree it is further. recited, " that the
vicar hath the cure of above 1000 houfe-dwelling people, and but a fmall portion
to live upon, his curate's wages, the faid yearly penfion, the tenthes, and charges,
.being deducted. In confideration wherefore of ye fd premifes, for y£ the fd
Richard

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST. 451
Richard Lift, &c. fhould not from henceforth claim certain meffuages, lands, &c.
which were given by Rob' Flay, als Rob' de la Hay, to the vicars fc r ever, that
a prieft fhould be perpetually kept within the church to pray for his and wife's
fouls, (which premifes came to his Majefty by the Statute of Chauntreys, in
the firft year of his reign) he fhould be difcharged of 81. per annum, and all
arrears, fince the decay of the vicaridge."
There is a provifo in the decree, that if the vicar, or his fucceflbrs, fliould
moleft-the purchafers of the above lands and tenements given by Robert Hay,
they fliould pay 1 81. per annum to the King, and all arrears. " And the vicars
fince have ever quitted the purchafers of the above land and tenets." After the
deceafe of Edward the Sixth, all the premifes defcended K> Queen Mary. The
penfion was paid to her during her reign. Elizabeth granted the fame to
Edward Haughton and Thomas Smith ; who pafled it to the R' Hon. Thomas
Earl of Dorfett, ld high treafurer of Engd, and his heirs ; by whom (as your
orators believe) they were intrulted in ye fd grant ; who, upon ye avoydance of
the faid churchj by the refignation of one Jennings, prefented Tho. White, D.D.
to the fd vicarage; which Dr. White enjoyed during his life, all the meffuages,
&c, and paid only rol. per annum to the Earl of Dorfett, and no more, for 40
years he was vicar, and was all he ought to receive." The manufcript book
from which the preceding circumftances were comoPed affords a detached
memorandum relating to Dr. White to the following purport. " Te faid vicar
(who is reader of ye lecture in Paul's church) feareth y£ he fhould not be able to
live of ye vicaridge only, if any other, by leafe or otherwife, fhould take over
his head yc faid parfonage. Wherefore he will be at charges to take it by leafe,
if it may pleafe your honors to grant it to him without fine. — The fine nil. —
Make a leafe of the premifes to yc fad Thomas White for foe long time as he fhall
continue vicar of ye pifh church of St. Dunftan's in ye Weft afored ; yieldinge to
the Queen's Majeftie yc yearely rente afored. The leafe to take comencement
from Mich'as laft paft : y° excepcons, cov'ents, and condicons, to be fuch as in
like cafes are appoynted. WM. Burghley 29 Jan. i$77-"
St. Dunftan's church hath the care of the bones of this its worthy vicar, depo-
fited in it in the month of March 1623. Shall /repeat the actions of his life,
his gifts, his foundations ? His

.452 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
His name fhall never die, whofe deeds are recorded by the hourly orifons'of the
poor and defolate.
" The rectory remained thus till 1662, when Richard Earl of Dorfet granted
it to Richard Cox, efq. (or to fome others in truft for him), who prefented Jofeph
Thompfon to be vicar. And that there was a contrivance between the Vicar and
Cox to lay very great impofitions on the parifhioners, particularly on the peti
tioners ; for that they, time out of minde, pd cuftomary rates for all their
houfes, fliops, &c. as the fame appears by antient books in the hands of the Vicar
and Nicholas Overbury, efq. ; they pretending the fum of 2s. and 9d. to be due
for every 20s. improved, "and rack rents ; and made a leafe thereof to Roger
.Scudamore, in truft for their ufe, fetting forth, that fome fmall fum only is due
to the vicar, not a tenth part of the value of the living ; that all the glebe and
tithes, which amounts to, 300I. per annum, were due to Cox ; whereas they are
the right of Thompfon, he paying the iol. penfion. Ccx made over his right in
the vicarage to Nicholas Overbury."
Great paft of the parifh in the 37th year of Henry VIII. and many years fince,
confifted of pieces of void ground of little annual value; and at the fame time
many houfes had large gardens, for which a fum of money, in place of all
dues, he. were payable to the vicar (not known for want of the parifh books).
Many houfes had then been erected on the void ground and garden (28 Charles II.)
and fome in poffeflion of the petitioners. And thus they combated the • new
levy. In the anfwer to the above bill we find there was a vicarage-houfe in Fleet-
ftreet in very antient times.
Dr. Marfh was fequeftered : Perne was placed in the vicarage by the fequeftra-
tors. On his removal Dr, Bates fucceeded, by the fame authority ; and continued
till, by the Act of Nonconformity, he was deprived. Upon which Thompfon .
was inducted, who adds, that there was an agreement between him and Cox,
executed to Roger Scudamore, by which Thomfon and Cox fold to Scudamore
the rectory, and every thing belonging thereto, for 99 years, on condition that
the houfe in Fleet-ftreet, inhabited by Dr. Bates, fhould be held by Thompfon ;
and iool. by half-yearly payments; and that he fhould have the Eafter dues, and
thofe for marriages, baptifms, and burials ; and that Cox fhould hold, to his
own ufe, all other premifes thereby 'demifed, without rendering any account for
the fame. It appears he was threatened into the above leafe. Sarah Jevon,
widow,

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST. 453
widow, infifted on the rectory being her right, as fhe had bought it of
Overbury. It appeared from evidence that a houfe of 12I. per annum paid 5s. 4d. tithea;
and one of 8ol. 16s. 4d.
On this trial Praife God Barebones *, of the parilh of St. Andrew Holborn,
aged 80 years, was examined ; who faid, he had been an inhabitant of St. Dun
ftan's parifh 25 years, and that his houfe was burnt by the late difmal fire; and
further, " that a houfe fituate near Fetter-lane, in which all yc aforefaid vicari
dwelt, was always, during the time he lived in the parilh, reputed as belonging to
them ; and the rent of the fhop, that was the fore part of the houfe, fronting the
ftreet. The houfe inhabited by Barebones was in Fetter-lane ; for which he paid
40I. per annum (except during the war) ; and his tithes were 13s. 8d.
Mr Williamfon informs me, that the rectory had been in pofleffion of Edward
Gibbon, the South Sea director; who fold it to Jofeph Taylor, clerk of Bridewell,
from whom it came to Mifs Charlotte Williamfon. There were intermediate pof-
feffors, previous to Gibbon : one of the name of Grant, noticed by Newcourt.
Vicars of St. Dunstan's in the West.
John Grant, M. A. prebendary of Rochefter, publiftied two fermons, 1704, 1707;
and died 1 736, after living to the advanced age of 80, and enjoying this vicarage
59 years.
William Gibbon, M.A. ; preacher of Bridewell, publifhed two fermons ; died
1758. Jofeph Williamfon y, M.A. 1758; the prefent vicar, 1804.
On the nth of May, 1624, Dr. John Donne leafed the tithes of the parifli for
20 years (except the vicarage lioufe and his two houfes adjoining), to ten of the
pariihioners, for 200I. per annum, Donne paying all the King's dues.
Newcourt quotes a manufcript from Sion-college, which reprefents this vicarage
as producing 240I. 4s. o\d. in Dr. Donne's time by tithes ; and in 1693 the
* A well-known charader, who c°ntributed, by preaching and praying," and violence, to the
anarchy of his times. Inderd his aaivity in mifchief was fo very predominant, that the Parliament
was not unaptly called Barebones'. A fecular preacher..
f Chaplain to Mr. Wi kes, when lord mayor of London, in 1774. A fermon preached on whofe
election, 1775, he printed. One of his daughters married Sir John Seyer, one of the judges at
Bengal, who died 180. 4 and fhe returned to England.
Vol. 111. Mmm church-

454, ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
church-wardens prefented a vicarage-houfe, not burnt, but rebuilt, and let to a
vintner : but the prefent incumbent, through his predeceffor's neglect, is ignorant
of the fite.
The rate-book of Philip and Mary informs us, that the Friers CarmeTites^ofrefTed
lands and tenements in this parifh, fituate in Fleet-ftreet, of the. annual value of
67I. 8s. which was rated for Wilham Ridgely, May 6, 1557, at 16 years purchafe
(the tenure in foeage).
Chantries.
William Chapman gave unto the Mafter and Wardens there, to- find a prieft ta>
fing an obit, all his lands and tenements, nl. ios. per annum.
William Marfhall gave to the fame, to find, a prieft, all his lands, &c. 22I. per
annum. John Weftwoode gave to the Mafter and Wardens, to find a prieft, one
meffuage in the faid parifh, in the tenure of Henry Eve, 53s. 4d.
John Ballarde, with others, gave unto the fame all their lands in the parifh of
St. Dunftan's ; but to what intent is not known ; and the value of the fame lands.
is 61. 17s. 4d.
The fame Mafter and Wardens have a- leafe to run 8b years of the Bifhop of ~
Chichefter, for the yearly rent of 53s. 4d. of certain tenements and gardens; and'
apiece of ground whereupon they have fet a new frame of iiii tenements, . not
yet finifhed, which are valued. to be worth 26I. 13s. 4d. whereof to Sir Edmond:
Elles, pr right of his ftipend by year, 81. To the Bifhop of Chichefter, for a
quit-rent, 53s. 4d.
To the exhibition of a fcholar, by year, 53s. 4d. To Sir John Cheetham, 81. ;;
and there remaineth clear, cl. vis. 8d,.
Robert Hay gave unto the Vicar and Wardens, to the finding of a prieft for
ever, all his lands and tenements in the parifh of St. Bride's. But the Church
wardens fay, that with the revenues of the fame there hath been no prieft found!
by fpaqe of- thefe 20 years ; for that the fame was employed- upon the reparations ,
of the church. The. lands amount to.nl. 19s. 8d; per annum.
The fame Mafter and Wardens have a leafe for 8.0 years to come of the Bifhop »
of Chichefter, of. certain lands ; for which they pay 53s. 4d. per- annum ; and let
the. fame over again, to divers perfons, for the. yearly rent of 19I. 6s. 8d. In.

ST. DUNStAN'B IN THE WEST. 45s
In the year i594**he Churchwarden's granted a loft, near the belfry, to Evan
Davyes, as a fchool-room (to be given up on any infection or ficknefs), for a rent
•of ios. per annum.
1626. Upon Mt. Deane of Paules motion (Dr. Donne), being the vicar of the
parifh of St. Dunftan, to have the pulpit, then ftanding on the South fide of the
church, to be removed, and placed on the North fide ; it pleafed the faide Dean
of Paules then to condefcend and agree, that the parifhioners fhould erect five
pews in the chancell for fifteen' antients of the parifh, and two for the Dean.
'The roof of the church was fb much decayed in 170 1, that it was declared to be
in danger of falling; and the Churchwardens were ordered " to wait upon the
Lord Bifhop of London's Chancellor, and acquaint him, and defire him to come
down and view the fame."^ The repairs which foon after followed on the upper
part of the. church were two bricks and a half thick, and paid for at the rate of
61, per rod.
1702. A vault was made under the queft-houfe at the Weft end of the church,
and flues to carry off any infectious effluvia.
Difputes arofe between the parifh and the Mafter of the Rolls concerning the
faerament money at the commencement of the laft century, which were renewed
fome years afterwards ; but, as it is riot my province to interfere in fuch cafes, I
think it fufficient merely to mention the fact.
The Liberty of the Rolls enjoys a portion of the benefactions made previous to
1 60 1. /
This church was adorned by a moft magnificent' hour-glafs, with a filver-frame.
The year 1723 witneffed its deftruction^ for it was then taken to pieces, and the
metal ufed to make two heads for the parifh ftaves.
In Oft. i 766 an elegant ftatue, which formerly ftood over the great arch on
the Weft fide of Ludgate, was placed in a niche over the Eaft end of St. Dun
ftan's church in Fleet-ftreet, and elegantly painted, with this infcription :
" This ftatue of Queen Elizabeth formerly ftood on the Weft fide of Ludgate.
That gate being taken down in 1760 to open the ftreets, it was given by the City
to Sir Francis Gofling, knight, and alderman of this ward, -who caufed it to be
placed here."
The communion-plate, &c. in i732-
Two long filver-flagons, gilt with gold.
Four filver cups and covers, gilt with gold.
Three broad falvers, of filver gilt, one with a wire foot.
Mama A filver-

456- ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
A filver-tipt mug, with a filver cover i being the gift of Mr. Gover, deceafed r
and two filver fpoons.
A filver mace, gilt.
Two falvers, gilt, for collecting.
There is a cup for the private adminlftration of- the faerament, which was
lodged in the hands of the Vicar, by the donor, Frances Cooper.
1736. The old organ was ordered to be fold,, as it had no variety in the ftops..
242I. was fubferibed towards a new one.
St. Dunftan's is an antient church. Thofe parts within apparently of moft
remote erection are the Weftern end, where a pointed arch croffes the North
aile ; and this fprings from a large human head ; and the South fide of the church,
which aile is formed by flender cluftered pillars, and pointed arches. The win
dows were originally very numerous towards Fleet-ftreet. No lefs than eight have
been clofed with brick.
The chancel is extremely plain ; and fo is the altar-piece, which is Doric.
The pillars on the North fide are Grecian ; and the cieling totally incongruous'
with the antient parts of the church.
Many of the monuments mentioned in other defcriptions of this City are decayed
and ruinous. . • : 7
In the veftry-room, at the North-eaft corner of the church, are the arms of
Queen Elizabeth, over the chimney ; and in the window her portrait *, in painted
glafs. See the annexed plate.
This room contains an embroidered coat of the arms of Charles II.
A tablet, under the tower, informs us, that a true peal of 5 184 double bob-
majors, two bobs in a lead, was rung on the 12th of March 1778, on the bells
above, by the College Youths. " This is the firft peal of double ever completed
fince the art was invented."
The chancel window contains a figure of St. Matthias, in painted glafs ; of no-
great antiquity, if we judge from the fhape of the characters.
Monuments.
Over the veftry door is a tablet :
" Sacred ta the memory of Sir Richard Hoare, knt. who died Jan. 6, 1718,
aged 70 years. And of his relict, Dame Sufannah Hoare, who died Septi 24,
* See an order about the Queen's picture in the Archaeologia^ vol, II. p. 169. I_720,,

CyfetTlZz/z^-Srtf

^s^«^<^r//^V^^^;^^«^«3^™w«^ J^iZcro

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST. wi
1720, aged 67. Both exemplary in their piety and ftrict adherence to the
Church of England, in their conjugal affection, and in their fingular care of the
religious education of a numerous iffue (they had eleven fons and fix daughters),
three only of which are now furviving.
" He was eminent for his fidelity, humanity, diligence and circumfpection,
ftrict juftice. and charity, in the feveral trufts and offices of lord mayor, alder
man, and fheriff of London, of member of parliament for this city, and of pre
fident of Chrift's Hofpital and the London Workhoufe. This monument was
gratefully erected by Henry Hoare, efq. their fon and fole executor, 1723."
To the right of the veftry door an old altar-tomb and recefs, with quatre
foils, &c. and on it a tablet of white marble, infcribed,
" To the memory of Richard Pierfon, citizen and goldfmith, 171 8, aged
70; and Ruth, his wife, 1720, aged 71. Alfo Edward Pierfon, their fon, 1728,
aged 41 ; and two of their grandchildren, Mary and Richard, 17 13 and 17 14;
and Elizabeth Pierfon, wife of Edward, 1731, aged 52."
On the Eaft end of the chancel, a tablet, to the memory of Mr.Nathaniel
Turner, 50 years an inhabitant of the parifh, died 1737, aged 77.
On the fame wall, one
"To the memory of James Chambers, efq. citizen and goldfmith, formerly
' an eminent banker of this parifh, who fined for fheriff of London anno 1J30.
*' A man courteous to his neighbours, hearty to his friends, and Angularly
juft to every body ; very beneficent to his relations, to whom he parted with
upwards of 20,oool. in his life -time. Obiit Sept. 27, 1733, aged 68 years. '
" In the fame vault lyes alfo interred his nephew, Abraham Chambers, fen.
citizen and goldfmith. A man every way valuable in life ; a loving hufband, a
tender father, and a fincere friend. Obiit May 9, 1733, aet. 51.
" To the memory of whom, in a grateful acknowledgement, this monument
was erected by their fole executor, Abraham Chambers."
• On the chancel South wall, the monument of Katharine Marfhall, widow,,
who furvived her hufband 38 years. 17 16, aged 66.
On the fame fide, over the door to Fleet-ftreet, is a large monument, confift
ing of a farcophagus, and a boy holding a medallion of the deceafed in his offi
cial robes..

4S% ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
" To the memory of Sir Richard Floare, knt. alderman, and lord mayor of this
city in the memorable year 1745. In which alarming crifis he difcharged the great
truft repofed in him with honour and integrity, to the approbation oLhis Sove
reign, and the univerfal fatisfaction of his fellow-citizens. He died Oct. 12, 1754,
and lies, in the fame vault of this church, together with the remains of his firft
and fecond wives ; Sarah, the daughter of James Tully, efq. of Charrerhoufe-
fquare ; and Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward Ruft, efq. of Crutched Friers-,
by each of whom he left one fon, now living, to pay this laft tribute of gratitude
and refpect to an affectionate parent."
On the fame wall, an oval tablet :
Xi To the memory of Charles Powell Snell, efq. of the county of Glouceftei,
1776, aged 36. Anne, his widow, died 1776, aged 29^'
There are many infcriptions in" the pavement of the ailes, fo worn as to render
them illegible : the effect, in great meafure, of the multitudes crowding to hear
the late Mr. Romaine's lectures. I have feen the people ftanding quite in the
ftreet, endeavouring to catch a fleeting word from that enthufiaft, whofe voice
was not overpowered by the paffing carriages. I am told the pew-opener's place ,
was worth 50I. per annum during this prefs of enthufiafm. *•
Katharine Marfden, 177—, 38.
Rebecca Eyre, vvidovv, 1782, 61.
Samuel Dunn, teacher of the mathematicks, 1794, aged 70.
Mrs. Anne Richardfon, 1771, aged 60.
Alfo Mr. John Richardfon, watchmaker, 1774, 67.
Mr. Story 
Elizabeth Brompton, 1776, aged 60.
Ann Dutton, 1787, 6^.
William Dutton, 1794, 68, The REGISTERS.
Burials.
1 567-8, Jan. 6. "' Lady Margaret Nevill,
I57°> AP"1 2- The Lady Margaret that married Henry Earl of Weftmoreland. i5745

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.. 4S9
r574» July 12- Jobb Clearke, gent, out of the Middle Temple.
1593. A poor man .that died in the cloifiers.
1597, Oct. 28, Cymon Dolpht, efq. buried in Paull's church.
1623-4, Feb. 7. Sir Robert Laughton, knt. one of his Majefty's juftices of ye
pleas before his highnefs.
1634, Aug. 8. The Lady Anne Harvey. .
1648, July 18. Mr. Robert Martin, fecretary to the M* of the Rolls.
^ 1649, MaY 18. Sir Nathaniel Finch, ferjeant at lawe, buried in St. Anne's
aile, from Serjeant's Inn.
1649, Aug. 18. Mr. Dawbeny Dyfme, gent, of the Temple.
" He was hanged at Tyburne, for piftolling a man in Holborne ; and, being
brought from thence in a boate, he was interred by the way-fide. Twenty-four
hours after, he was buried, out of ye Inner Temple, in ye further church-yard."
1649, Dec 4- Mr- Samuel Hull, gent. A poore knight of Windfor.
1651, Dec. 8. The bowells of the Right Hon. Elizabeth Countefs of Kent
was buried at the upper end of the chancel, who died ye 7th of this month.
15$9> 36 baptifed  83 buried.
161 1, 122 - -

1665

- - - - 134
- 95i
1-700, 150 ------ T71
x799 ~ From January to July, - 6$,
Donations and Grants to the Parish;
Ih the 4th year of Queen Elizabeth, 8 day of April, 1561 (Sir Nicholas Bacon'
and Sir William Cecil having petitioned her Majefty in behalf of the parifhioners),
fhe granted a patent to eftablifh and- erect a free grammar-fchool for the educa
tion and inftrudtion of the youth of the parifh of St. Dunftan for ever.
Sixteen governors were to prefide over this inftitution, and there was a mafter
and one ufher. Three Mafters of Chan eery, at that- period, the Clerk of the Petty
Bag of the fame court, and the regifter," with James Good,. M. D. and ten
parifhioners, were the firft: governors. The above is all the irfformation lean
obtain on the fubject. Where the fchool was held, what endowments it had,
and how loft, is, I believe, not known in the parifh. As the laft date relating to
it is 1648 no doubt the confufion of the times was fatal to the inftitution. William ,

460 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
William Weft, lord de la Warre, for good reafons (as it is expreffed in the
deed), °ranted to the parifhioners leave to erect one bridge, or flairs, at his
water-ftairs in the precincts of the late White, Friers, commonly called White
Friers-bridge, or flairs, in the 5th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
He referved to his family full liberty in ufing them ; and appoints two mento
receive the tolls, for the ufe of the parifh.
The parifh fchools were eftablifhed in 1708, and are at the North-weft end of
the church. The moft important gifts to thofe fchools follow.
1711. 'LadyChild, at different times, 112I. 2s.
1718, Mrs. Martha Strode ; 1719, Mrs. Ann Cook; 1725, Henry Hoare, efq.;
1727, Mrs. Oglethorpe's three daughters ; were benefactors each of iool.
1728. From this date to 1799 the Ironmongers' Company have given 278I.
1729. A legacy from Mrs Strode, 240I. 6s. 8d.
1740. Samuel Child, efq. 200I.
1 741. The Right Rev. Dr. Launcelot Andrewes, formerly Bifhop of Winchef
ter, 25I. Mrs. ChriftianaBowden, 200I. William Turner, efq. iool.
1776. Richard Hoare, efq. as truftee of Mr. Newman's charity, 105I.
1790. Henry Hugh Hoare, efq. as reprefentative of Mrs. Cole's charity, 3 per
cent. Confols, 164I. 8s. From 1796 to 1799, from the fame gentleman, as truf
tee of Mr. Newman's charity, 95I.
A manufcript of John Saunders, in the Harleian Catalogue, contains a lift of
the communicants in the church of St. Dunftan, by virtue of the act of the 25th
of Charles II. April 20, 1673, afterwards called the Tejl Act; who were,
Sir Harbottle Grimfton, M. R. Sir Mathew Hale, lord chief juftice, Sir Thomas
Twifden, Sir Richard Rainsfprd, Sir William Wildeons, Sir John Vaughan, Sir
Hugh Windham, Sir William Ellys, Sir Robert Atkins, Sir lidward Turner, Sir
Chriftopher Turner, Sir Thomas Littleton, Sir Edward Morland, Baron Spii-
man, Serjeant Maynard, Sir Heneage Finch, Sir Francis North, and thirty
others, gentlemen in various offices.
On the 27th of April upwards of feventy gentlemen received the faerament.

Out-

ST. DUN STAN'S IN THE WEST. 461

Outside of the Church.
The North fide has a fmall yard, bounded by the back parts of the houfes in
Clifford's Inn. This wall is in fome degree as it was originally built. A fhop
blockades the lower half of the Eaft end ; but the upper fupports the ftatue of
Queen Elizabeth, from which fhe views her antient City of London.
If the antient inhabitants of this ftreet had their mufical conduit, the modern
may boaft of their clock and favages, whofe fafcinating movements attract
twenty pair of eyes every quarter of an hour. The repair of this piece of mecha-
nifm coft nol. in the year 1738. The South fide of the church projecting,
narrows the ftreet confiderably thence to Temple Bar. The Corporation of Lon
don, feizing every opportunity to widen and improve the paffages of ftreets, have
removed the old over-hanging houfes of timber which darkened and obftructed
the corner of Chancery-lane, where Mrs. Salmon had for many years exhibited
her models in wax; and erected a magnificent front in their place, leaving many
feet of additional foot-way.
There are many very antient buildings in this neighbourhood, particularly
oppofite to Chancery-lane, in Fleet-ftreet ; and Eaft of the church a few doors
ftands one, which has Ionic pilafters on its front, ornamented in the old-fafhioned
ftile, with fcrolls, &c. where the fire of 1666 terminated. Several others, of
the fame defcription, may be found in the various courts North of Fleet-ftreet.
Near Fetter-lane, between Holborn and Fleet-ftreet, the parifh have a burial-
ground ; and near it a workhoufe ; which building was contracted to be erected in
the year 1725, for 6 iol.
In the fame lane is a meeting-houfe of the Moravians, or Unitas Fratrum.
Thofe ftructures, like moft of the Diffenting places of worfhip, are very
plain. The Society of Serjeant's Inn pay a portion of parochial taxes, in confequence
of the extenfion of their buildings in Ram-alley.
Fleur-de-lis-court has a reprefentation of it, in ftone, with naked boys and
fcrolls, fculptured with fome tafte, over the entrance from Fetter-lane.

Vol. III. Nnn Temple

432 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.

Temple Bar.

A manufcript, dated 1638, in the Mufeum, has preferved the following parti
culars. It is 54 feet in length; and 17 feet, 3 inches, in depth. The length is
divided into eight parts : the gate in the midft is two ; the pofterns one each.
The great arch is 13 feet, 6 inches ; height, two fquares and one half-circle. The
fide arches 6 feet, 9 inches ; two fquares in height, and the key-ftone. The
columns 24 feet, with bafe and capital. The diameters one-tenth part of their
h:ight (2 feet, 4 inches). Come-out from the wall one fixth part of the diameter-
The pedeftal 7 feet high. The bafe one-fifth part of the columns. The archi
trave, frieze, and cornice, are in height one fifth part of the columns, with bafe
and capitals; viz. 4 feet, 9 inches, by the architrave.
The prefent gate was erected from 1670 to 1672. The pilafters are Corinthian,
the pediment arched, and the ftatues thofe of James I. his Queen, and Charles I.
and II. u ;'
Praifed be Heaven, many years have elapfed fince the appendages of Rebellion
fell from it ; and may it never again be neceffary to exhibit to view the heads of
traitors on any public place, fhould this fhortly be removed ! and that it may be
1 amoved, has ever been the wifh of the trading part of. the City. It has witnefled
many triumphant entries by our Monar.chs ; but what triumph furpafled the naval
entry of December 1797, when thofe Heroes who have rendered us the envy
of Europe paffed (headed by their King) to St. Paul's, in a proceffion of thankf-
giving and praife ?
The celebrity and folidity of the reputable banking-houfes near Temple Bar
(Child's, Floare's, and Gofling's and Sharp's) have long been proverbial.
It is faid in the, Univerfal Spectator, Nov. 25., 1.732, that Mr. Pinchbeck, who
has rendered his name as lafting as the metal he invented, and who was an eminent
watchmaker, died, at his houfe in Fleet-ftreet, Nov. 18,.. 1732, .and was buried at
St. Dunftan's. He communicated the fecret to his fon Edward, and conftituted
him fole executor. Mr. Pinchbeck was one of thofe perfons to whom the commu
nity are indebted for advancing the honour of the Nation by their ufeful difcoveries.
The friendfhip. between Pope and Warburton commenced at Robinfon's, a
bookfcller's fhop on the Weft fide of Inner Temple-lane.
* Journals of Lords, X. as.
The

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST. 45 j
The Scottish Corporation
Held their meetings at their own Hall in Black Friers till that building -was taken
down when Fleetditch was arched over ; and fince at the upper end of Crane-court
in Fleet-ftreet. This Society have given fo good an account of themfelves, that
I cannot do better than extract fufficient for my purpofe from it.
" During a long and difmal period the inhabitants of England and Scotland, whom Nature deftined,
from the beginning, fo be brothers and friends, were animated with fierce and implacable national
hatred. Frequent bloody and dcfolating wars were the confluence, Fiom the fir ft dawning of
Briti Hi hiftory down to the Reformation, in. the fixteenth century, this fell fpirit raged with unre
lenting, almoft unremitting, fury. At that ccra, A.D. 1560, union in religious fentimenr, and
common danger from Popery, the common enemy, cemented a political friendfiiip between the
. fagacious Elizabeth and the Scoltifh Reformers. This, however, produced fo little interojitrfe
between the two nations, that, in 1567, the 9th year of Eliz.ibeihV reign, while commerce had
attracted no lefs than 3838 Flemings to London, religion and politics bad allured no more than 58
Scots to that metropolis. Bat the acceflion of James to the throne of England, in 1603, produced a
mighty change ; for the multitude which accompanied or followed the Monarch to his new dominions,
and particularly lo the feat of government, was fuch as to excite jealoufy and give offence in the
Southern kingdom..
The turbulent and unhappy reign of Charles I. could not poflibly be favourable to focial intercourfe
between the two nations, and ftill lefs the period of the commonwealth, which was eftablifhed on
the ruins of monarchy ; for no intercourfe then took place but what was of a hoftile nature. The
Reftoration in 1660 again, and finally, opened the communication between England and Scotland ;
and the firft charter of incorporation is itfeif the moft undoubted hiftoncal evidence of the extenfive
migration which, in the courfe of a few years, had taken place from the Northern kingdom to the
Southern metropolis. The Scots are naturally reftlefs, bold, and enterprifing. The higher ftate of
cultivation, and the more extended commerce of England, invited hither multitudes of adventurers
and induftrious mechanics of all defcriptions ; feamen, labourers who at once benefited thend'clves
and contributed' to tile population and wealth of the country which received them— 'for the Scottifh
commonalty are amongft the beft educated in the world ; they are trained up from infancy in habits
of order, temperance, and induftry; the moral and religious principle is ftrong in them. Thefe
principles and habits, their fkill, fobriety, and induftry, their early and prolific marriages, were
'undoubtedly, therefore, a very valuable acquisition to the cities of London and Weftminfter. While
wealth and vigour remained they were able not only themfelves to fubfifl comfortably, but many of
them to rear families, and to educate and provide for them. Few however, in comparifon, had the
power of acquiring independence, or even of forming what is called a fettlement. No degree of
economy or. induftry was fufTkient to make provifion againft " the thoufand natural ills that iiefh is
heir to"— difeafe, accident, old-age. Overtaken by all, or anyone of thefe, abfolute miftry fol
lowed. They were ftill aliens in, the land which they were helping to people and enrich. Journey
men, labourers, lodgers, from the beginning; they continued fo to the end. No claim to parochial
affiftance had been eftabliflied, and of courfe no provjiion made for the dark feafon of life. To beg
or to perifh was the dreadful alternative. Nnn 2 Time

464 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
Time was continually increafing the evil, by multiplying the number of objefis, and aggravating
their diftrefs. It became a bitter reflexion, after an abfence of many years, that, they were far from
their native land, and deffitute of the means of returning thither; that they, had become perfonally
unknown to their neareft relations, or had furvived moft, if not all, of the friends and companions
of their better days; in a word, that they had no where a kinfuian, a friend, a home, a parifli, a
country. Even fo early as 1665, five years after the Reftoration, the difirefs of the lower order of Scots
men in thefe cities, though not yet arrived to its height, was fenfibly felt apd deplored; to fuch a
degree, that the mere affluent of the Seottifh nation, rcfident in London, found themfelves prompted
by compaflion to take the cafe of the poor into ferious confideration, and to devife a remedy. A
voluntary affociution of refpectable merchants, tradefmen, and others, was formed ; and it was agreed
to petition the crown for a charter of incorporation, in order to procure co-operation, and to give
effect to their plans of relief to their diftreffed countrymen. This was without hefitation granted,
and letters patent, under the Great Seal of England, for the purpofe defired, were iffued accordingly,
bearing date the 30th of June 1665. By thefe, the perfons defcribed in the charter were empow
ered to erect an hofpital in the city and liberty of Weftminfter, for the maintenance of old or decayed
artificers of the Seottifh nation, and for training up their children to handicraft employments.
With fo much ardour and unanimity was the caufe adopted, and patronifed, by perfons of all
ranks, Englifh as well as Scots, that in 1673 the Corporation was enabled to erect a hall, with fix
adjoining tenements, for fulfilling the purpofe of the charity, in Black Friars, one of the fuburbs of
the City of London.
But experience fpeedily evinced, that the powers granted by the charter were inadequate to the
defign. The very fituation of the hall had been determined by local and temporary confiderations,
without regard to the exprefs terms of the charter. The Corporation was likewife put on a feale far
too fmall for an undertaking of fuch magnitude; the number of governors being reftricted to eight,
with powers almoft as limited as their numbers. It became neceffary, therefore, to make a fecond ap
plication to the Crown, for an enlargement of the Corporation's numbers, powers, and privileges.
This too was readily obtained; and new letters patent under the Great Seal iffued accordingly, bearing
date the 16th of November J676; by which thirty-three affiftants were added to the eight governors.;
liberty was granted to eftablifh their hofpital either in London and Weflminfter, as might be moft
convenient ; and they were empowered to purchafe and to hold lands to the yearly value of five hun
dred pounds, by the name and ftyle of " The Mafter, Governors, and Affiftants, of the Seottifh
Hofpital, of the Foundation of King Charles the Second."
From the tenor of both charters it appears, that the original intention, and this intention followed
up for eleven year* together, was to erect a houfe of reception for all objects of the charity, what
ever their cafes might be : old, young, men, women, perfons fuffering under cafualty, lunacy,
debility, difeafe, all affembled within the fame precinct. The impropriety — the abfolute impracti
cability of this, was fpeedily demonftrated. What funds could have fupported the expence of an
eftablifhment fo enormous, and that eftablifhment inceffantly 011 the increafe ? The inconveniency
and difcomfort attending the feparation of married perfons from their families and friends, at a fear
fon when fympathy and affiftance are moft neceffary and moft acceptable, pleaded powerfully againft
the idea of a public general receptacle. The uncouth mixture, and improper communications, of
fuch a motley affemblage of patients, muft have produced indecencies and immoralities not to be
mentioned..

ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST. 46J
mentioned. The defign of an hofpital therefore was abandoned almoft as foon as sdopted ; and in its
place was fubftituted the wifer mode of affifting and relieving the poor objects at their own habita
tions. Thus the flender funds of the Corporation were rendered more extenfively efficient, for there
was no expenfive fabric to be raifed and fupp»rted ; the diftreffed objects were fuccoured in a man
ner congenial with their feelings; and the jobbing, but too generally connected with all great efta-
bliihments, was completely prevented.
The affluent endeavoured, with various fuccefs, to keep alive and promote the caufe, by ftatecl,
by occafional, by honorary donations ; by convivial meetings and teftameutary bequefts. But the
increafe of fund by no means kept pace with the increafing demands made upon it. Few of the
nobility, and not many of the gentlemen, had been induced to give it a warm fupport, either by their
attendance or their munificence. During the fhort and unhallowed reign of James II. the public
mind was in a ftate of fermentation too violent to admit of attention to ibber plans of mercy and com
panion. The union of fpirit and of operation in the two kingdoms which effected the glorious Revolution in
1688, happily paved the way for the incorporating act of Union in 1707, by which the two were
confolidated into one great kingdom, and the dittinction of England and Scotland began to difap-
pear, and to melt away into the aufpicious common name of Great Britain. There being from that
eventful epocha but one legiflature for the whole ifland; one feat of government ; one court of ap
peal in the laft refort ; one civil, commercial, and political intereft ; the intercourfe of the two
countries became of courfe unbounded. The Englifh Court of Exchequer travelled Northward, and
carried with it to Edinburgh Englifh law, Englifh judges, Englifh practice, and Englifh manners.
The doors of both Houfes of Parliament, on the other hand, opened for the admiffion of the Seottifh
delegates; and this interchange was highly beneficial to both.
Time, which brings every thing to the teft, demonftrated, that even the fecond charter, that of
1676, had put the Corporation upon a feale ftill too fmall to be of very extenfive utility anfl effect.
Under this imprefiion, and after very mature deliberation, it was refolved to make application to
his prefent Majefty for a new Charter of Incorporation, conveying a further extenfion as to number
of governors, and as to powers and privileges, fuch as were adapted to the exigencies of the cafe.
This application too was fuccefsful; and a third charter was accordingly obtained, bearing date the
28th of November, 1 775 ; by which the Corporation is re-eftablifhed, under the antient name and
ftyle of " The Seottifh Hofpital, of the Foundation of Charles the Second 5" and, inftead of a
government vetted in a. mafter, with a limited number of governors and affittants, it is by this laft
charter vefted in a Prefident, fix Vice-prefi dents, and a Treafurer ; to be elefted annually, on
St. Andrew's-day, or the day after, as the cafe may require, and in fuch a number of governors as
by any future bye-law of the Corporation may be determined. In other words, the number of
governors is, with great wifdom and propriety, left unlimited.
It ever has been a favourite object of the Corporation to create a broad, .permanent, and pvo-
duftive capital, to fecure the charity, as far as it can be done, againft contingent defertion, neglect,
and decay. In conformity to a bye-law, it is accordingly the praaice,.in order to the formation of
fuch capital, to inveft, in fome one of the public funds, one haft of every donation of ten guineas
and upwards, to twenty; and the whole of every donation of this laft amount, or beyond it. The
annual fubfcription of one or two guineas, which is the qualification that conftitutes an annua!
governor, and the moiety of the lower donations, are apphed toward the regular monthly expendi ture..

466 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
ture. Every perfon, therefore, qualifying himfelf as a governor for life, by a payment of tea
guineas, has the fatisfadtion of being affured that one half of his bounty is fo much added to a per
manent fund of relief; and that every fliilling of a donation or bequeft, amounting- to twenty
guineas and upward, is part of a provifion made for the miferable, not only of the. prefent but of
fuUire ages.
Every governor, whether annual or for life, has the privilege of recommending one, and only
one, diftreffed object, to the Committee appointed for the painful, but the humane and meritorious,
fervice, of receiving petitions, and confidering the cafes of the unhappy fufferers who come before
them. This Committee fits at the Hall of the Corporation, in Crane-court, Fleet-ftreet, -on the
fecond Wedncfday in the month, all the year round, from fix in the evening to generally a very
la ti.* hour, according to the number of poor petitioners. All governors have -a right to attend thefe
meetings of the Committee, and to fit, deliberate, and vote, as if they were fpecially nominated to
that effect.
To fum up the whole. This inftitution may juftly be termed an Hofpital of Out-Patients, the
objects of it being fupported and relieved by weekly, monthly, or quarterly, allowances of money,
and with medical- a ffiftance and advice at their own habitations ; and fuch of them as are defirous of
returning to their native country, for the benefit of their health, or to fpend the, remainder of their
days with their relations and friends, have their paffages by fea paid, and money advanced to fupply
their immediate wants, whereby they have not only the benefit of an hofpital and workhoufe, with
out the difagreeable circumftances attending them, but all the comforts and confolations.of their
families and friends referved for them. The charity is fupported by the voluntary donations and
fubfcriptions of noblemen, gentlemen, and Jadies, It is governed under the laft Charter, by one
Prefident, fix Vice-prciirients, one Treafurer, and an indefinite number of Governors. — The Prefi
dent, Vice prefidents, and Treafurer, are, according to the Charter, chofen annually, at a General
Court, held on St. Andreyv's-day, from among the governors ; and a Committee, confifting of
twenty governors, befides the prefidents, vice-prefidents, and treafurer, who are of the Commitee,
are alfo chofen the fame day, for the purpofe of carrying on the bufinefs of the Corporation. By the
Charter there muft be five General Courts, of the prefident, vice-prefidents, treafurer, and
governors, held every year; viz. on St. Andrew's-day, the firft Wedncfday in January, the firft
Wednefday after Lady-day, the firft Wednefday after Midfummer-day, and the firft Wednefday
after Michaelmas-day ; and the Committee meet on' the fecond Wednefday in every month, at fix
o'clock in the evening, to receive the petitions of the patients' recommended by the governors, and
in order to diftribute the charity. — This is an open committee; and all the governors, who wifh to
fee a faithful and juft administration of the charity, may attend and vote.
A donation of ten guineas conftitutes a governor for life; and a fubfcription of one guinea, Ot
upwards, annually,' qualifies to be an annual governor.

The

ST. I'UNSTAN'S IN TI-IE WEST, -461

The Hall,

once diftinguilhed by the meetings of the Royal Society, on their removal from
Qrefham-'jollege, 1710, till their laft and final remove to their apartments in
Somerfet place in the Strand, 1781, is fituated at the upper or North end of Crane-
court, and has a brick front, but too narrow for a difplay of architectural beauty.
The room ufed for the reception of the governors and directors of the Society
is of the Ionic order, decorated with two pillars, a cornice, and a ftucco cieling,
with the initials N. B. M. and the date 1670.
x Over the chimney is a buft of Charles II. originally placed there by the Royal,
Society. Of whatever merit, it is now eclipfed by whitewafh *-.
A whole length on the South wall :
' " Maria
D.G.
Scot ice
Piijftma Regina
Francice dotaria
anno tztatis regnique
Anglicce captivit.
10.
S. H.
1578"
The Queen is reprefented as ftanding on a carpet, in a black habit, with a mantle
of muilin falling from her lhoulders to the feet, forming a kind of hood, placed
over the ruff on the back of the neck. The breaft is covered by a kerchief, fet
with pearls ; and a very neat cap hides the hair on the forehead, but retires thence
to the ears, fhewing chefnut-coloured ringlets. The face is exquifitely beautiful,
and the features inconceivably delicate, and finely proportioned ; but the attitude
is ftiff' and unnatural, and the difpofal of the arms taftelefs. The right hand refrs
on a table, covered with fcarlet cloth ; and the left fupports the end of a rofary,
* If it had any merit, one would have thought the Society would not have been fe ungrateful to
their Royal Founder as to leave it behind them, even though a modern artift might have been found
more equal to Lyfippus to carve Alexander. fufpended.

463 ST. DUNSTAN'S IN THE WEST.
fufpended to her waift. Duplicates of this portrait may be feen at Hardwick-
houfe, county of Derby, where fhe was confined, at Hatfield-houfe, Herts, and
in other collections *.
On the Queen's right hand is a half-length of the Duke of Queensberry ; and
on the left another, of the Earl of Lauderdale. Thofe pictures, though of far
more modern date, are much inferior to that of the Queen.
On the North wall is a third half length, of the Earl of Bedford. <f The gift
of Ja. Kynneir, firft mafter of the Scots Corporation, anno Domini 1674."
At the Weft end of the South wall are portraits of Sir John Ayton, knt. ; and
 much injured ; and at the Weft end a portrait of Mr. James Kinneare,
firft mafter 1665.
In the centre of the South wall is a painting of the Regalia of the kingdom of
Scotland. North of the Hall, on the fite of the Royal Society's Mufeum, and in which
the meetings of the Royal Society were long regularly held after their quitting
Grefham-college, a large room has lately been erected, by a feparate fubfcription
for that particular purpofe, and intended for the public anniverfary meetings of
the Corporation ; but at prefent let to a furrier,
* See Gent. Mag. vol. XLIX. pp.136. 188.231.

ST.

( *467- )

ST. EDMUND THE KING, LANGBOURN WARD.

THE church of St. Edmund appears to have belonged to the Pfiory of the
Holy Trinity, Aldgate. After the fuppreffion the Crown granted it to the fee of
Canterbury, in whofe pofleffion it ftill remains.
Twenty-five rectors are recorded as prefented by the Prior and Convent and
the Archbifhops between the years 1328 and 1700.
Tonftall mentions " William Lee, rector, benefice 1 61. goods.., fined 4I.
Sir Edmund Clofe, curate, ftipend 7I. 6s. 8d. goods 7I. 6s. 8d. fined 28s.
Sir John Archer, finger, 81. goods 61. fined 28s." ¦
Newcourt notices two chantries in this church ; but the official book pafles
them over in filence. Probably their revenues had been embezzled or loft before
that period.
St. Nicholas Aeons, united after the great fire to St. Edmund, was an antient
church, given, 1084, b.y Godwin and his wife Turund, to the chufeh of
Malmfbury ; with which it remained till the fuppreffion of that convent : fince
which time it has continued in pofleffion of the Crown.
Thirry--four rectors enjoyed the living previous to 1666.
" Mr. Robert Portland, rector, benefice idl. goods 19I. fined 50s."
"Solomon Oxney gave, to find a prieft, all his lands, per annum, 14I.
Sir John Bridges, knt. gave one annuity of 7I. for the term of 20 years, paya
ble from the Court of Augmentations, to find a prieft."
The value of thefe united livings is now (1,804) 300I. fer annum.

Vol. III. *Nnn . Rectors

*468 ST. EDMUND THE KING.

Rectoks of St. Edmund the King.

Thomas Lyndford, D.D. of Chrift Church, Oxford, prebendary of Weftminfter,
and chaplain in ordinarytoKingGeorgel. Hepublifhed two fermons preached before
the lord mayor 1679 and 1689 ; before the Queen 1691 ; before King George I. ;
before the Houfe of Commons, on his acceffion, 1 715 ; two Ipital iermons, 1698
and 171 2; a faft fermon; and two or three others; and held the office of arch
deacon of Barnftaple. Died Aug. u, 1724, aged 80.
Mr. Gordon, circa 1732.
Jeremiah Milles, D. D. F. R. S. and Prefident of the Society of Antiquaries,
was inftituted Nov. 1, 1745 ; elected dean of fexeter Feb. 1762; died Feb. 13,
1784. He was fon of Jeremiah Milles, fellow and mafter of Balliol college,
Oxford; and grandfon of Ifaac, rector of Highchurch, Hants. Dr. Milles was
educated at Eton, gentleman commoner of Corpus Chrifti-college, Oxford, A.M.
1735 ; B. and D.D. 1747 ; held a prebend in the cathedral of Waterford ; but,
marrying a daughter of Archbifhop Potter, by whom he left three fons and two'
daughters, obtained from the Crown thefe united livings, with that of Meftham,
Surrey, and the finecure rectory of Weft Tewing, Suffex. He was chanter of
Exeter; and dean, on the advancement of Dr. Lyttelton to the fee of Carlifle,
1762; whom he fucceeded in the prefidency of the Society of Antiquaries,
1768. His publications in the Archseologia are numerous; and he had in the
early part of his life made ample collections for a Hiftory of the county of Devon;
and had alfo applied himfelf to the illuftration of the Dahifh coinage and Domef-
day Book. It is much to be regretted that he undertook the ill-fupported caufe
of Rowley *.
Henry Dimock, M. A. June 23, 1784; the prefent rector.
* Gent. Mag. vol. LIV. p. 1.53.

This

ST. EDMUND THE KING. 469
This church is fituated on the North fide of Lombard-ftreet, and has a
front with four windows. The fteeple is rather handfome ; but of that fpecies of
architecture which is difficult to defcribe fo as to be underftood.
The infide has the Angularity of prefenting a Northern altar, which is placed
in a fquare (I believe Saxon) facrarium, terminating in a dome, reprefenting a
nimbus, with fT)i"P in the centre ; and above a circle of windows ; under
which is a very large one arched, containing a moft fplendid reprefentation of the
arms of Queen Anne, in painted glafs, " fet up in the memorable year of Union,
1707," with a window on each fide. The altar-table is elevated on a marble
pavement, three fteps above the chancel, which is one above the pavement of
the nave.
The altar-piece is uncommonly neat ; it confifts of a pedeftal, with five pan
nels ; that in the centre adorned by exceedingly beautiful ornamental carving,
gilt ; over this the Decalogue, under a circular pediment ; on the left fide a
tolerable painting of Mofes, accompanied by a tablet, with the Paternofter ;
and on the right Aaron and the Creed. Every interval under the . cornice, &c.
is covered with rich gilt carving, and the whole terminates with four urns.
The church is merely four walls, with tall arched niches, and the tower ob
trudes into the church. In return, it fupports a fmall gallery on its North fide ;
in which is a neat but fmall organ. The cieling is partly coved ; and the reft
horizontal and plain, except an aperture for a fky-light, and a large border
above ; one member of a cornice inftead of a whole.
The pulpit, neatly carved, and the deik, are precifely where the altar is
ufually placed.
The font, a neat marble bafon, ftands under a pretty canopy, in the South-
weft corner. Monuments.
On the North wall, a very handfome one of ftatuary marble, reprefenting
Hope, reclining on an urn.
" In memory of Jeremiah Milles, D. D. dean of Exeter, rector of thefe
united parifhes, and Prefident of the Society of Antiquaries, who died Feb. 13,
1784, aged 70 years. And of Edith, his wife, daughter of the moft rev. John
Potter, archbifhop of Canterbury, who died June 11, 1761, aged 3$ years.
Vol. III. Ooo Among

470 ST. EDMUND THE KING.
Among the fcholars of his time he was confpicuous for the variety and extenlr
of his knowledge ; and, to the cultivation of an elegant and correct tafte for
polite literature, fuperadded the moft judicious refearches into the abftrufe
points and learning of antiquity. His public character was diftinguilhed by
an unremitted zeal and activity in thofe ftations to which his merit had raifed
him. In private life he was beloved and refpected for the natural fweetnefs o£
his difpofition, the purity of his manners, and the integrity of his conduct..
Bleffed with a confort worthy of himfelf, amiable, affectionate, and truly pious,.
they mutually fullfilled every domeftic duty with chearfulnefs and fidelity ; and
their grateful children have the fulleft confidence, that they are gone to receive,.
in a more perfect ftate, the certain and final rewards of their exemplary lives;
upon earth."
Another farcophagus, pyramid, and tablet.
11 M. S. Edvardi Ironfide, civis qui in negotiis peragendis folers exercitatus.
fidus in municipalis magiftratus muneribus obeundis, candide juftus, vixit
pietate infignis, raorum urbanus, politiore etiam humanitate imbutus honefti,.
propofiti tenax officiorum obfervantiffimus. A.D. 1753, urbis hujufce elec
tus eft praetor, quam dignitatem fummo. cum honore confecutus ipfe ornaflet
et auxiflet ; fed fpes optima et pulcherima, (heu nimium fallaces !) urbis prasfectura
vix inchoata, a civibus praefidium, ab amicis, uxore libefifque tutamen et decus,
mors abftulit immatura."
Under it is an oval tablet, infcribed,
" Eodem quoque tumulo fepultae funt reliquiae uxoris ejus Annae penkus
diledtae; quae vitam fuperftitem, quantum innocuam degere potuerat, tandem,.-,
placida quafi fomnolenta morte finivit ; anno longaevitatis fuae 81, et Domini
1790." Over the veftry door r
*' In the rector's vault are depofited the remains of Mr. Thomas Witherby,
50 years an inhabitant of this parifh, and 26 years deputy of Langbourn ward.
He died Nov. 26, 1797, in the 79th year of his age. Alfo Mrs. Elizabeth
Witherby, his wife, who departed this life April 7, 1800, in the 73d year of her
age."
On

ST. EDMUND THE KING. 471
•On the South fide a tablet, to Anne Revel! , 17 15, aged 22.
A handfome tablet, on the Weft wall, is thus infcribed : "
" In a vault under the communion-table lie the bodies of Mrs. Rebecca Shep
pard, who died Oct. 8th, 1721, and of the Rev. Mr. Thomas Sheppard, M.A.
her hufband, who died Aug. 28, 1734.
*' He was curate and lecturer of thefe two united parifhes of St. Edmond the
King and Nicholas Aeons above twenty years ; and, during the whole courfe of
ills miniftry, was very diligent and confeientious in the difcharge of every part of
his facred function, performed the feveral offices of the church with great reve
rence and devotion, was defervedly commended for his pious and inftructive dif-
courfes from the pulpit, and was generally and defervedly efteemed for his cour
teous and obliging behaviour, for the evennefs and fweetnefs of his temper> and
for his univerfal charity and good-will to mankind."
The parifh of St. Edmund contains 119 houfes; 258 male, and 219 female,
inhabitants. Birchin-Iane, part of which is in this parifli, extends from Cornhill to Lombard-
ftreet. It poflefles a number of moft opulent inhabitants, and houfes of the moft
refpectable appearance.
Lombard-ftreet will be more particularly noticed in the article of St. Mary
Woolnoth. The courts are clean and convenient.

Ooo % ST.

( 472 )

ST. ETHELBURGA, BISHOPSGATE WARD WITHIN.
THE infide of this little church will not detain the reader long. I fhould
fuppofe the architecture to be of the reigns of Henry V. or VI. The South
wall has four tall pointed windows, from which the mullions have been removed,
and each are now walled up to the arches. The North wall has had an equals
number. Two are entirely clofed. One contains the pulpit; the fo und ing- board-
of which is certainly of the time of Elizabeth, or one of her two next fucceffors ;
and the fourth is half clofed. The Weft end has a large pointed arch, filled, and
a gallery before it.
Three cluftered columns form four arches, and produce a nave and South aile ;,
in which is a gallery, half fufpended by irons from the roof, and half fupported
by polls. The roof is nearly pointed, and has large beams from the walls-
acrofs it. At the Eaft end is a large arched window, with the Mercers' creft„
the City arms, and thofe of the Company of Sadlers, and the Brewers, in painted
glafs. The altar-piece is very neat, of fix Corinthian pilafters, with their entablature^
and the Belief, Commandments, and Lord's Prayer, in the intercolumniations.
An arch, with a glory and cherubim over the centre, is inclofed within a circular
pediment,, on which are three candlefticks, and there are four on the cornice.
On the North wall are two tablets. The firft records the deceafe of John. Cor
nelius Linckebeck, of London, merchant, 1653, aged 63.
The latter :
" Near this plaee lieth interred the body of the Rev. William Price, near 18
years rector of this parifh, who departed this life March 5, 1749, aged 59
years. Alfo the body of Ann, his wife, who departed this life July 10, 1772,.
aged 73 years.
A tablet on a pillar is infcribed,
" Near this tablet lies interred the remains of Mrs. Elizabeth Waghorn, wife-
Mr. James Waghorn, thread-maker, of this parifh, who departed this life Aug. 12,
1768, aged 42 years. Alfo Mr. James Waghorn, who died Nov. 29, 1789, aged
66 years."
On

ST. ETHELBURGA, BISHOPSGATE WARD WITHIN. *73
On the South wall :
"Near this place is interred the body of Thomas Peftill, a conftant refident
in this parifh (in the houfe in which he was born), to the age of 60 years. ' He
departed this life Jan. 25, 1799. — To me to die is gain.. Bleffed are the dead
which die in the Lord"
There are feveral inconfiderable annual gifts mentioned on the tablet in the
church. William Dawes left one moiety of an houfe in Warwick-lane to the.
poor houfe-keepers not receiving alms, which is diftributed on St. Thomas's-day.
The church has a fmall yard Eaftward, with poplars furrounding it. It is
entirely inclofed by houfes.
The belfry contains a curious ftone ftatue, about two feet fix inches in height,
of St. Michael flaying the dragon. The attitude is fpirited, and the tail wound
round the right leg of the angel has a good effect.
The Priorefs and Convent of St. Helen had the advowfon of St. Ethelburga;
The King granted it after the fuppreffion to the Bifliop of London and his fuccef
fors. The different patrons prefented 31 rectors from 1366 to 1691 ; fince which
period there has been five prefentations.
Luke Milbourne, M.A. fucceeded Samuel Harris, A.M. in 1704; and died
April 15, 1720 *.
Ralph Emerfon, M.A. April 20, 1720; died June 1732%
William Price, M. A. died March 1749-50.
John Blakifton, M.A. March 11, 1749; died 1783.
William Gilbank, M.A. prefented Dec. 9, 1775.
A memorandum, obligingly given me by Mr. Ellis of the Britifli Mufeum,
obferves that, " In Pope Nicholas Taxation, 1291, 29 Edward I. the church of
St. Ethelburga is rated at 81. 13s.. 4d. (or 13 marks) ; and the Prior of the Holy
Trinity, Aldgate, appears to have had a rent at the feme time ifluing from poflef-
fions in the parifh of 7s.-, and the Abbot of St. Auguftine, Canterbury,, of is..
By another valuation of the London benefices, now preferved in the King's
Remembrancer's office, in the Exchequer, made 6 Henry VI. the church of
St. Ethelburga is rated at 9I."
Tonftall. Sir John Larke, rector, benefice iq marks, goods 40I. fined 4I.
* He was alfo Leaurer of St. Leonard, Shoreditch; of whom, and of his various publications,
fee Mr. Ellis's "Hiftory of Slioreclitcb," pp. 40, 41..
John

4% ST. ETHELBURGA, EISHOPSGATE WARD WITHIN.
John Hammond, parifli clerk 1736, returned 70k as the annual value of the
benefice. Newcourt mentions a. chantry founded for the fouls of Gilbert Maryon and
Chriftine his wife, previous to 1436. The official return fays, " The mafter of
the Bridge-houfe pays yearly, to the rector and churchwardens, a quit-rent from
a tenement called the Angel, in the parilh of St. Ethel burga, towards finding a
prieft, per annum, il. 13s. 4d."
William Aflell bequeathed to the fame, whereof they have been poflefled,
one inn called the Swan, in the faid parifli, now in the hands of Thomas Nixon,
to what intent is not known, per annum 40s. The fame Thomas Nixon, by his
laft will, gave, for the finding of a prieft, a yearly rent of 40s.
. The external appearance of the church is greatly altered fince 1736, as engraved
by Toms. It then had two fliops projecting on each fide of the pointed door,
inclofed as now by a gate between the fhops, a pent-houfe, on it a baluftrade,
behind it a large flat arched window of three bays. The outline of the gable was
formed by enormous battle merits, verging by three degrees to a point, but termi
nated by two horizontal indentings, A clumfy dial projected into the ftreet.
The fteeple appears to have been of board, with a fquare pillar, whofe monftrous
capital fupported a dormant window, in which was the Saint's bell. The octagon
fpire was taper and handfome.
Marine Society.
The large but plain building occupied by this ufeful Society is fituated on the
North fide of the church of St. Ethelburga. The firft ftone was laid April 30,
1773, by Lord Romney, prefident, attended by the governors, and 20 boys,
who carried banners, and were afterwards fent to Portfmouth, for the navy; but
.the inftitution had flourifhed for fome years previous to this period, and origi
nated from the benevolent views of Mr. Hicks, a Hamburgh merchant, who
conceived that he could not more effectually ferve the community than by fup-
plying the Navy with thofe youths whofe parents had configned them to infamy
in the vicious fcenes of low life. To forward fo excellent and judicious a
purpofe he wrote a recommendatory pamphlet, 1000'' copies of which he pre
fented to the Society. In this he explained his plans, fupporting them by
found

ST. ETHELBURGA, BIHOPSGATE WARD WITHIN. <ns
found reafoning ; and generoufly commenced a fubfcription, by giving a confi
derable fum towards the eftablifhment of the inftitution \ to which he added
ao,oool. by will, in 1762.
_ In 1757 the reprefentation of the Snfpicious Hufband was given by Mr. Gar-
rick for the benefit of this Society, which produced 271I. 2s. The proprietors
of Ranelagh gave their receipts for one night, amounting to 502I. 7s. And thofe
of the Opera gave a benefit, which produced but 59I. 8s. It is mentioned in
the London Chronicle, vol. III. p. 99, that a circumftance occurred relative to
the Drury Lane benefit highly honourable to the fpirit and liberality of the
parties concerned. The performers acted gratis ; but the renters of the houfe,
who were then forty in number, required to be paid as ufual, to prevent- the
eftablifhment of a precedent which might eventually injure their property.
Accordingly each perfon received their 2s. Shortly afterwards Mr. Clutter-
buck paid Mr. Fielding *, of the Marine Society, 2,8 guineas, as the contri
bution of that number of the renters, and 12 guineas as his own fubfcription.
This public-fpirited Inftitution was indebted to the benevolent Hanway, who
printed feveral pamphlets about it, 1757.
Such were the beneficial effects of the Inftitution, and fo well were its ad
vantages underftood by the publick, that the Society were enabled to lay a
ftatement before that tribunal, in 1762, of which the following is the fub
ftance. From July 1756 to the above year ¦ benefactions had been received
amounting to 22,5531. us. 2d. of which a balance remained of 2387 9s. 10.
During the then war the Society had clothed, and equipped for the navy,*
5452 perfons, chiefly landmen, and 4745 boys, of whom the majority were in
full progrefs for beggary and the gallows ; others poor miferable objects, fuffer
ing under the fevere laflies of penury and difeafe, but reftored to- health and the
community by the humanity and exertions of the Society.
The legacy of 2o,oool. and eventually of"2oool. more, was to be placed at
intereft, the amount of which is applied during war to the equipment of boys
for the Navy, and in times of peace for apprenticing boys and girls, the Society
preferring orphans of feamen and foldiers.
Nothing more remains to be added than that the excellent purpofes of the
Inftitution are ftill purfued, and that the publick are infinitely indebted to its
* The well-known Juftice, who contributed greatly to its fuccefs from his official fituation. exertions,

476 ST. ETHELBURGA, BISHOPSGATE WARD WITHIN.
exertions, which they evince fay continued fubfcriptions. Thofe are neceflarily
of greater amount at- fome periods than at others.
A confiderable part of the parifh of St. Ethelburga is advantageouily fituated,
on three principal ftreets : Bifhopfgate, Wormwood, and Camomile. When the
importance of thofe in a trading point of view is confidered, a juft eftimate may
be formed of the defcription of inhabitants who refide in them.
The Parifh Clerks, 1736, fay the number of houfes in that year was 120.
The .recent enumeration mentions but 87, inhabited by 309 males and 290
females, total 599 perfons, a difference of 33 houfes. Thofe are more varied in
their architecture than are generally to be met with : the parifh having efcaped
the conflagration of 1666, many of our old inconvenient buildings remain as me
mentos of antient London.

ST.

( 477 )

ST. GEORGE, MIDDLESEX.
THE parifh of St.Ge.org'e was originally part of the Parifh of St.Dunftan Stepney,
from which it was feparated in confequence of the Commiffioners for building 50
new churches ordaining that this diftrict fhould be the fite of one of the number,
contains the hamlet of Wapping.
According to the Parifh Clerks' Survey in 1732, St. George's parifh then con
tained about 2000 houfes. Thofe, and others which have been erected fince that
period, are almoft without exception mere hovels, when compared to the habita
tions within the city of London. This circumftance may be accounted for very
readily ; and it muft be admitted that exceedingly ufeful, opulent, and worthy
members of fociety are fcattered throughout the ftreets and lanes ; but the
majority, I am fearful, are fome of the dregs of the community. Of the former
clafs are, the different artifans employed in repairing every defcription of veffels,
boat-builders, maft-makers, riggers, &c. -&c captains, their mates, and pilots.,, ,
Neceffity compels their refidence near the Thames, and, continually employed
in laborious purfuits, they have little inclination, and lefs time, to attend to the
frivolous appendages of more quiet life. Their houfes are examples for neatnefs
and cleanlinefs ; but the elegancies of internal decoration have not yet univerfally
travelled fo far to the Eaft.
The latter divifion of the community, and I mean to be underftood as apply
ing my obfervations to the whole Eaftern fuburbs, confifts of a fet of perfons
whofe houfes are appropriated to the reception of the labouring part of Wapping
fociety, andfeamen who lodge on fhore. Thofe, and their inmates, being of the
rougheft and moft unpolifhed manners, rendered ofTenfive by numbers of infam
ous women interfperfed throughout moft of the ftreets, are below defcription.
The population, according to the laft enumeration, was 9231 males, 11,939
females, total 21,170 perfons, inhabiting 4029 houfes.
The church is fituated on the Eaft fide of Cannon-ftreet, near Ritcliff-high-
vvay, and appears enormous when compared to the neighbouring diminutive
houfes. It was confecrated in 1729, and the rectory given to the Principal and
Fellows of Brazenofe-college, Oxford, who ftill retain the right of prefentation.
The act under which the church was built, and the parifh erected, gave 3000I.
for. the purchafe of lands, Sec. in fee-fimple, and ioo\. per annum from the burial
Vol. III. Ppp .fee*«

47$ ST. GEORGE, MIDDLESEX.,
fees, towards the fupport of the incumbent, who cannot hold other preferments.
To this fum a handfome refidence. was added, at the North-weft: coiner of the
church- Rectors.
William Simpfon *, native of Chefhire, July 27, 1729, D.D. 173 1.
Herbert Mayo -J-, D.D. 1764, native of Herefordfhire ; died Jan. 5, 1802.
Robert Torington, native of Lancafhire, M.A. 1802.
The infide of the church is of the Doric order, and contains two pillars on each
fide, with a monftrous intercolumniation, and a huge femi-oval arch, crofled by
an enriched band. At the Eaft and Weft ends are ftrong fquare pillars, with an
entablature. Thofe, and correfponding pilafters, form four fmall fquares. Be
yond which, Eaft and Weft, are ailes, with the organ, a very plain inftrument,
under the Weft, and the facrarium beyond the Eaft. This is a femicircle, with
tablets for benefactions on each fide, and five arched windows, above which is an
enriched dome. The external arch before it is painted with fuitable emblems,
and gilt.
The altar-piece is compofed of four pilafters, and two detached pillars, with an
entablature and urns ; and the arched intercolumniation contains a painting (by
whom I could not learn) of our Saviour praying that the bitter cup might pafs
away from him. It has fome merit in the drawing, but more in the colouring,
which is vivid. The tablets of the Creed, Commandments, &c. are on handfome
adjoining tablets.
The pulpit is particularly inelegant and clumfy, though covered. with decorations.
There are feveral gifts recorded, but none of importance.
The church-yard is very large, and, Eaftward of the church, bounded by flou-
rifhing trees. Thofe give a fingular effect to the ftrange ponderous walls of the
church and fteeple, which cannot be defcribed for want of terms. The windows
are thofe of a prifon ; the bafement ones have key-ftones as large as the aperture ;
two wings project on the fides ; thofe are furmounted by turrets, mifplaced,
with buttreffes or pilafters on the fides, and have three ranges of little windows.
* He publiftied a fermon preached May 29, before the Lord Mayor, 173 V4t0..j and another be
fore the Society for the Reformation of Manners, 1738.
¦f Of whom fee Gent. Mag, vol. LXXII. pp. 88. 632.
The

SCT- GEORGE,, TttOOKJESESL #TS>
The front fees a'etixukir flight; of Heps, oa ih® pbtsform of while En are' the bafes;
of four lank pilafters. Atwa-ve- thofe- is, the toweir, of which tL Nought but itfeif
car* be' its, parallel.."'
If MefEeurs Hawkfmaoir and Gibbv the xrchi-retfts; erf St. .George, had' deter-
nained to make an outrt ecctefiaftieal building, it muft be aeknowleaged they
have fucceeded admirably, fuch. another would nm eafily be found!. The is efti-
mate given in to the Commiffioners was, 13,5,70k but the expenditure amounted
to the enormous fum of 1 5,5571. 3s. 3d. Mr. Watts fold the fite to the Commif
fioners for 400L
Pri nce's- fquare, and part of Wellclofe^iquarev areira this parifh. Many of the
houfes, in thofe are handfome, and inhabited; by perfons of great nefpectabilitv.
The former contains the Danifti church, the latter the Swedifh. That of the
Danes is faid to have been defigned by Cibber, and erected by Queen Anne, in
honour of her comfort. "It was vifited in 1768. by the King of Denmark, who
admired the pretty ftatues., the turret, and the walls, inclofed by a doM-bfe railing
and avenues of trees.
There are frequent fires in this neighbourhetod ; but that of 1794 ecKpfes all
others in its horrid effects.
July 23, 1794. During a ffrong South-weft gale of wind, a pitch-kettle,
heating at Mr. Clove's yard. Cock-hill, boiled over. The flaming contents foora
communicated their deftructive influence to the various materials ufed in barge-
building ; and they transferred them again to the fhed or houfe under which the
barges were erected. A lighter moored to the adjoining wharf was unfortunately
loaded with faJtpetre. That fired and exploded, fending a fhower of burning
flakes in every direction. Thofe conveyed the flames to other veffels, rendered
immoveable by the ebb tide, and to the warehoufes of the Eaft India Company,
where quantities of faltpetre were depofited. The conflagration now became
dreadful in the extreme ; the wind whirled deftruction through the narrow
ftreets, and houfes perifhed by hundreds. During this fhocking occurrence
Mr. Devaynes waited on his Majefty's minifters, and received from them every
encouragement and afliftance. A furvey taken immediately after the fire had
Ceafed demonftrated that but 570 houfes remained out of 1200 which the hamlet
contained. Pecuniary loffes on thefe occafions, however enormous, are but of
trifling importance, compared with the fufferings of more than 1000 perfons
compelled to watch the night through by the remains of their property, or pafs
P p p a it

480 ST. GEORGE, MIDDLESEX.
it in Stepney ehurch till Government could pitch tents for their covering, which
they did in a field adjoining the church-yard ; where I faw Hundreds, feveral
days afterwards, expofed to the effects of a continued rain. It is almoft unne-
fary to fay, fubfcriptions were immediately opened, and large fums received.
One Sunday produced 8ool. collected from the vifitants of the ruins. 42,6!. of
^his was beftowed in half-pence, and 38I. 14s. in farthings*

ST.

( 4S'l )

ST. GEORGE, BOTOLPH LANE, BILLINGSGATE
WARD.
THIS parifh, . which contains but 39 houfes, inhabited by 107 males, 147
females, total 254 p'effons, was united, after the fire of 1666, to that of St. Bo-
-tolph'Billingfgate. Their fituation, in the immediate vicinity of the river Thames,
renders them of importance in the annals of commerce ; but the narrow ftreets
and alleys-, and their wet flippery foot-ways, will not bear defcription, or invite
unneceffary vifits. This character muft however be taken with fome qualification :
there are parts where the refidences are equal to thofe of London generally.
The'church of St. George belonged to the Abbot and Convent of St. Saviour,
.Bermondfey, previous to the Diflblution of Monafteries. After that event the
Crown came into poffeflion, and ftill retains it. Tonftall omits St. George in his
valuation;- but Newcourt gives the value from a manufcript in Sion-college, as
79 1. including a parfonage-houfe, 1636. That author mentions 52 rectors
between 1321 and 1691 ;, and a chantry, founded for the foul of Roger de la Bere.
The official book gives the following particulars.
" Roger de la Vere founded, in St. Mary Spital, one chantry, with the fuften-
tation of a prieft. Salary to be paid out of lands given to the fame •, which lands
are now in the King's Majefty's hands ; and the prieft found by the King, who
hath for his falary, out of the Augmentation Court, 61.
And Thomas Bbnde gave, to find a prieft and obit, lands and tenements,, per
annum, 15I. ios.
The church of St. Botolph was given to the Canons of St. Paul's, London,
by their benefactor Odgarus, or Ordgarus ; the Dean, and Chapter of which
ftill have the prefentation.
Bifhop Tonftall notices it thus: Mr. Edward Marmyon, rector, ben.. 30]. goods
nulla, fined 7I. ros. •
Sir Thomas Lacy, ferving, 7I. 6s. 8d. goods 81. 12s. fined il. ios..
The profits returned in 1636 were : tythes iaol. cafualties 15 1. and a par
fonage-houfe iol. From thofe items it maybe inferred that it was an antient
and refpectable benefice, very much fuperior to that of St. George. The.

**¦£ ST. GEOSGE,, B.aT©LPEI!-EA!SBr..
'flic following, particulars-, of chaatries a-ne- from the? official! manraicriiprv
"Anno, 45 Ed'. Ill', parte- 2da', D'nus- Johan." Sined'elandi, padbflsof St..
gave a houfe,. with divers others, to. Andtew- Pyckmarr ;: aradl alfo, by will',, with-
out the King's- licenfe, ut per mquifitiomm ;. aaad afterwards, the- King granted! tlie.
laid land's to- Pyckmarr and others ?
Andrew Pyekman founded a chantry, and gave one tenement iol.
Thomas Au bur v founded erne- chantry, in lands* 8*1. 6s. 8d.
Thomas Smallwood gave,, towards the maintenance of a prieft, 46s* 8d'.
Mr. Thomas Wall g.:ve unto John Collet, and Katharine his wife,. ©n.e tene
ment, in Thames-ftreet, called the Sim; and to* William Saaderfon, and Jane
h-ra. wife, and to the longer liver of them, and to. their heirs, aad the l'ong-eflt liver
of them, upon condition that they, of the profits of the fame, fliould pay yearly
unto a prieft 61. to fing, for ever, in the parilh church, of Grounefborowe, in the
"county of Suffolk. And, in default of keeping certain covenants, the fame pri eflr
to be found in- the pasri-fh- church of St. Botolph. Which priefli hath not beea
found by the fpace of thefe two years, and quarter paft.'*

Rectors of the United Parifhes*
Mr. Woodford, 1768.
George Watfon Hand *, M. A. 1779;. died Feb. 3, 1802*
 Parker, 1802.
The church of St. George may be faid to be ifolated ; but there we ceafe r two
friends might almoft give each other a friendly fhake by the hand from the win
dows of the church and thofe of the adjoining houfes.
The infide is extremely neat, clean, and of the moft: ehafte Grecian ftile.
Four Ionic pillars fupport the vault of the nave and chancel, and the horizontal!
cielings of the ailes. A rich cornice extends round the church, and terminates
in the entablature of the pillars. A band, ornamented with fcrolls, croffes the
pave from each column ; and the fpaces between them are judicioufly filled with
* Of whom, fee Gent. Mag. vol. LXXII, p. 189. ornamented

ST. GEORGE, BOTOLPH-LANE.. 485
ornamented pannels, and four circular windows. Several large- arched windows
in the Eaft, North, South, and Weft, walls, render the church, light,, and per
fectly dry.
The altar-piece may be faid to include the whole of the Eaft end of, the chan
cel. A bafement fupports two Compofite pillars, imitations of lapis lazuli, on
which is a divided pediment, with the arms of England in the centre. Under
thofe are the ufual tablets, and three gilt cherubim. On each fide, without the
pillars, .are the Creed and Paternofter, under arched pediments, and carvings of
flowers on the fides. Above the altar a large window, furrounded by a painted
crimfon curtain ; and, at the angles of its bafe, the faithful attendants of our
altars, the Prophet and High Prieft, Mofes and Aaron.
The organ is fupported by the only gallery in the church. This inftrument
was erected in 1723, and the cafe is uncommonly handfome.
Neither the pulpit nor the font have any thing particular to recommend them.
On the South fide of the chancel of this church, in a large pew, is a high.
piece of iron fcroll-work, embellifhed with the Beckford arms, the City regalia
and arms, and thofe of England, infcribed,
" Sacred to the memory of that real patriot the Right Honourable William
Beckford, twice lord mayor of London, whofe inceffant fpirited efforts to ferve
his country haftened his diflblution, on the 21ft of June 1770, in the time of his>
mayoralty, and 62d year of his age."
On the Weft wall a fmall tablet :
*' M. S. Ricardi Aiheton, qui, poft vitam honefte et diligenter actam, in Do
mino obdormivit, die Octob. i2mo, anno Salutis 1740, setatis 29."
On the Eaft wall, a tablet,
" To the memory of William Smyth, late of this parilh, whofe trueft' praife is,
that he was an honeft man. He died Sept. 3, 1726, aged 58 years. Mary, his
wife, furvived him, and died March 14, 1738, aged 65 years. Of fixteen chil
dren (all interred near this place except Katharine) only four lived to maturity.
Katharine died 1734, aged 34; Mary 1740, 31; Samuel 1750, 47; Sufanna
»752> 47*" Another-

48* ST. GEORGE, BOTOLPH-LANE.
«
Another, on the fame wall, is ,-.
*' Sacred to the memory of Daniel Wigfall, merchant, fon of Henry Wig-
fall, efq. of Renilhaw, Derbyfhire, 1698-9, aged. 57.
On the South wall, a very large Corinthian monument, thus infcribed,
" M. S. In a vault beneath this monument lieth interred the body of Ifaac Mil
ner, late of London, merchant. He was third fon of Ifaac Milner, of White-.
haven, in the county of Cumberland, merchant, and married Anne, the daughter
of Lyonel Copley, of Wadworth, in the county of York, efq. by whom he had
iffue fix fons and four daughters : Ifaac, who lieth buried in the parifh church of
Stepney; Godfrey, Copley, Copley, Elizabeth, Elizabeth, and Jane, whom he
buried in the fame vault with himfelf ; and Anne, Ifaac, and Godfrey, who fur
vived him. Tears Tor his death were not confined to his own family, for then
'great numbers of the needy began to think themfelves helplefs ; many widows and
orphans became a fecond time deftitute -r even foreigners joined with his country
men in forro\V ; and wherever he was known, he was loved and lamented. His.
converfation was obliging, amidft all the hurry of bufinefs, fweetened with the
chearfulnefs of an innocent mind and the franknefs of an honeft heart. Hjs affec
tion to his wife was great and conftant; his indulgence to his children tender,
but prudent ; his fincerity and truth to his friends was ever inviolable ; his inte
grity and juftice, throughout all his dealings, the fame : nor was he fo careful to
gather fading riches on earth, as to fecure lafting treafures in Heaven.
" Though he lived only to his 46th year, he had time to fhew himfelf an ^ex
ample worthy but hard to be imitated in his feveral capacities, and crowded many
virtues in a narrow compafs of life ; to receive the reward whereof, he was fum-
moned hence Auguft 12, 17 13. His moft afflicted widow caufed this monu
ment to be erected in honour to his memory, an imperfect memorial of his merits
and her forrow. Alas! how faint, when compared with the living image fixed
for ever in her heart !
" Here lies alfo interred the body of Ifaac Milner, late of London, merchant,
fon of the above Mr. Ifaac Milner, who departed this life June 28, 1743, aged 40;
defervedly loved and lamented by all his relations and friends, particularly by his
much afflicted mother. Godfrey Milner, 1744, 36. Mrs. Anne Col more, relict
of Mr. Ifaac Milner, and wife of Thomas Col more, efq. 1749, aged 56."
ST.

f 48* )
ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
THIS 'parifh receives its denomination of St. Giles from the hofpital fitUated
within it, and dedicated to that Saint. The addition, in the Fields, might now
be omitted with propriety, as it would be difficult to, find afield, there.
The hofpital of Sl Giles was founded, by Matilda, wife of Henry T. about the
year 1 1 17 (afterwards given as a cell to the Mafter arid brethren of Burton Lazar '*,
of Jerufalem in England), for the reception of perfons afflicted with the fliock-
ing diforder called the leprofy,, happily little known to the prefent inhabitants of
London, though very prevalent in thofe days, and for feveral fubfequent centuries.
The endowment of Matilda amounted to 3I. which was a rent-charge on Queen-
hithe. Henry II. confirmed the foundation, and added 3I. from the Exchequer,
payable for ever, to provide the lepers cloathing ; and 30s. fer annum, from his
poffeffions in Surrey, for the purchafe of tapers. In confequence of the order
iffued by Edward III. 1347 , that all perfons afflicted by the leprofy fliould imme
diate leave the City of London, the Mayor applied to the Keeper of St. Giles to
receive fourteen citizens. ,s
A large leiger-book of the poffeffions of this houfe is preferved in the Britifh
M^ufeum, but it contains nothing relating to its hiftory -j~- Indeed, the moft
important article which I have feen is the following claufe from an act of refump-
tiqn, 1 Edward IV. 146 1. " Provided always, that this act, petition, or ordinance,
in this prefent parliament made or to be made, extend not, nor be prejudicial, to
William mafter of the order of Burton St. Lazar of Jerufalem in England,
keeper of the hofpital of St. Giles without London, and the brethren of the order
aforefaid, nor to their fucceflbrs, of any gift, grant, or confirmation, made by
us, under our Great Seal, to the faid Mafter and brethren, and to their fuccef
fors, by whatfoever name' they be called' in the faid gift, grant, or confirmation,
* A full account of the hofpital of Burton Lazar may be feen in Mr. Nichols's Hiftory of Leicefter-
fhire, vol.11, p. 265.
f Mr. Rawlinfon had a fair MS. intitled, '* Liber Hofpitalis ScmSi Egidii Lond. An" 1402." Its
age is determined by thefe words at the beginning: "¦ FiM«r Walterus Lyntonn magifter Hofpita,l,is
de Burton Sanai Lazari Jerl'm1 in Anglia ordinavit ifturn libram. fieri cartarum et munimentorum
Hofpitalis San$i Egidii leprofprum extra barram veteris Templi London, anno Dom. Mill'imo
ccccmo fecundo, anno regni regis Henrici quarti poft5 Cohqueftum quarto, fecundo die Marcii."
In this valuable edMe&ion were feverail charters and papers giving a good account of the ftate of feve
ral parifhes in London at that time. There is a regifter of charters in this hofpital,, MS. Hark p. 4015.
Vol. III. Qqq of

486 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
of the hofpital of the Holy Innocents, called the Mallardi *, without the fuburbs
of our city, of: 'Lincoln; yrith alhlands, tenements, meadows, leafowes, paftures,
woods, rents, and fervices, to the fame hofpital of the Holy Innocents in any
wife, belonging, with all and every their rights, profits, Commodities, liberties,
andrp$her appurtenances, to have and to hold to the faid Mafter and brethren,
and to their fucceflbrs for ever, for to find and fuftain thereof yearly, for ever,
c,ertajn -fr lepers of our menial fervants, and. of our heirs and fucceflbrs,. if any fuch
be found, and other charges, as in our letters patent to the faid Mafter and
brethren, and to their fucceflbrs thereof, made more plainly, is contained."
This hofpital was. diffolved by Henry VIII. previous to whofe reign, Stowe informs
us, the Mafter and brethren were wont to prefent felons with a bowl of ale when
paffing the houfe for execution, at the gallows near the North end of the garden wall.
The following is. from a roll in the .Augmentation-office.
*' June 2, 28 Henry VIII. The Warden of St. Giles, without the bars of
the Old Temple, London, granted to the King, the Conduit-clofe, Marfhland-
clpfe,. part of Colman Hedge-field, and other premifes in the parifli of St. Giles
in the Fields. The hofpital was conveyed by the King to John Dudley Vifcount
Lifle, May 4, 36bf his reign, rent to the crown, 4I. 6s. 3d. ob."
It is probable that the few perfons who refided in this diftrict were permitted to
attend the offices of religion in the church or chapel belonging to the hofpital, aa
Newcourt declares ,he was unable to find any prefentation to the rectory previous.
tq .the Diflblutiqn. , , .-.,,.,. ,
r This church partly fell down, and was rebuilt about 1623, probably by fub
fcription, as Lady Alice Dudley contributed largely. Before this period' Aggaa
reprefents i,t within a wall nearly of the prefent outline, furrounded by trees ; but
not a houfe near, it, except a few at the entrance of Holborn. Newcourt fays,
" The firft inftitution that I find to this church as. parochial and a rectory was on
the 20 of April, 1547, 1 Edward VI." by Sir Wimund Carew ; but the next pre
fentation r was t by Queen Elizabeth, whofe fucceflbrs on the throne of England
have retained it to the prefent time.
Neither Tonftall, in the reign of Henry VIII. nor the books of chantries in that
of his fon, take any notice of the hofpital of Giles. "X
James Read, clerk of the parifh in 1732, returned the value of the living to
his Company as mqre than 400I. per annum. Newcourt names 14 incumbents
* " Le Mallardrj//' or, in Pat. 7 Henry IV. " Maladrie," meaning in both 'places " Maladne,"
q. d. irifirtnaiy> or fick-houfe. ' See Tanner, Not. Mon. 256. :
."f Three, 35 Henry VII. Tanner. See Mr.. Nichols's Leiceflerfhire. from

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 487
from 1547 to 1695, when William Hayley, clerk, was prefented. The moft
remarkable perfon in the number was Roger Manwaring, who was a native of
Stretton, in Shropfhire, and educated at Oxford; afterwards appointed chaplain
in ordinary to his Majefty, and, rector of St. Giles. When fuch, he preached
two fermons which gave great offence to the legiflature, who fined him to the
amount of iopol. imprifoned him, and declared him incapable of enjoying any
ecclefiaftical preferments-. To this they compelled him to add the following fub-
miflion, extracted from the Journals of the Houfe of Commons.
'* 1628, June 21. Dr. Manwaring called in, and, kneeling at the bar, read
his fubmiffion out of the paper, which was as followeth. May it pleafe this
honourable HoUfe ! I do here, in all forrow of heart, and true repentance,
acknowledge thofe many errors and indifcretions which I have committed, in
preaching and publifhing thofe two fermons of mine which I called Religion and
• Allegiance ; and my great fault in falling upon this theme again, and handling
the fame rafhly, feandaloufly, and unadvifedly, in mine own parifli church of
St. Giles in the Fields, the 4th of May laft. I do humbly acknowledge thofe
three fermons to have been full of many dangerous paffages and inferences, and
fcandalous afperfions in moft parts of the fame. And I do' humbly acknowledge
the juft proceedings of this honourable Houfe againft me, and the' juft fehtence
and judgement pafled upon me by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal for my great
offence ; and-J dp, from the bottom ,of my heart, crave pardon of God, the King,
.this honourable Houfe, the. Church, and the' commonwealth in general, and' thofe
wprthy perfons adjudged to'be reflected upon me in particular, for thofe" great
offences and errors."
Dr. Manwaring received, fome cotrlpenfation for the above^ fevere fentehce in
the enfuing month, being prefented by the King to the church of Stanford
Rivers, Effex ; with licence to hold! that of St. Giles with it; and a pardon, on
the 9th of January following. Iii'" '1633 he was elected Dean 'of Worcefter ; and
.confecrated Bifhop of .Sl David's Feb. 28,' 1635.. During' the war" which enfued
he had his- fhare. of perfecutioh';*Jati(l (died, perhaps a martyr to it, July 1, 1653 ;
and was buried in the collegiate church at Brecknock, near the high alta'r.
•'¦ " ' ~-~' ¦' ¦ -¦'¦ ' ' ¦'- ""? ;' t; <"" : A>y. ni . 1. 'v;, ".;;.. ..." yc.,..-- ¦ Iw:
i irn'' "7 Rectors fince 1695. ¦•' - '.'>-
William Hayley, D.D. dean :bf Chichefter, and chaplain in ordinary to the King.
"He publifhed fev'enTe'rmon's * ^betwe'eriT ^87 iiid'i 702^7 arid died Oct. 7, 1715.
'* Before the Levant Company ,' 1687* before the Houfe o'f Commons oh the fraft i6g$ ; before the
-Society for the Reformation of Manners, 1699; at the funeral of Dr. Connor, 1699; a' Spiral fermot],
J701 ; Concio ad Synodum, 1701 ; at the confecration of Dr. John Evans, bifhop of Bangor 1702.
: Q. q q a William

488 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
William Baker, D.D. elected warden of Waidham-college, Oxford, in 1,7*9;
Bifliop of Bangor 17*23 ; and 1727 of Norwich ; died Dele. 17312.
Hehry Gaily, D. D. ¦and chapliain in ordinary to the King, prefented Dec. 1732 ;
died Aug.. 1769*, Dri*Gally married, in 1737, Mifs -Knight, of Brooke- ftreet,
Grofvenor-fquare, with u .fortune of 30,000k And had a trial at law with, the
veftry of St. Giles, before Lord Mansfield, and a fpecial Jury, Dec. 1760, reflect
ing the right of -appointing the parifh clerk. The verdkt was in favour af the
Veftry ; who proved they had exercifed the right 1.25 years. , !
John Smith, D.D. Aug. 1769. He was chaplain to the. Great Seal:; aad a
• prebendary of Norwich ; diedfM-arch 1788. iro r,
John Buckner, LL.D.; bifliop of Ghichefter 1797.
1717. A petition from Dr. William Baker, rector, -and the two Churchwar
dens, &q. reprefented to the Houfe of Commons, that the church was built of
brick ; that it had become extremely ruinous ; and that a fum of -3000!. 'would-
be required to put it into repair; that the ground furrdunding the ' church 'was
much 'higher than the pavement of it, rendering it conftantly damp and unwhole
fome; and that the, parifli paid 3,300!. fer annum poor rates, and were therefore
unable themfelves to rebuild; concluding with praying, that St. Giles'' might be
one of the 50 new churches.
A bill, , founded on the requeft of Dr.' Baker j',' was paffed in the fame year
through the Houfe of Lords, againft which' the Archbifhop of York, and five
bifhops, with eleven temporal lords, pijotefted, 'tl Becaufe it "doth not appear to
us, from any declaratiori in his Majefty's name to either Houfe of Parliament,
that his royal leave was given for bringing in the faid bill, aswe humbly con-
ceive1it ought to have been for bringing in abilldf this nature.
. "Becaufe this bill, in our ^opinion, manifeftly tends to' defeat the ends and
• purpofes of two acts of .parliament for building 50 hew churches'; arid yet at the
Tame time afferts, that the intention of the faid , acts would be'hereby anfwered.
, " Becaufe. this bill further afferts, that". the parifh b'FSt. Giles is in no condition
to raife or pay the fum of 3000k and upwards for the repair of its parifh church,
which we apprehend to be evidently falfe in fact ; and, if true, to be no reafon
for rebuilding the faid churchout ofthe fund given for building 50 new churches.
^n<*]BecfiuCe this bill moreover afferts, that the faid church, Avhen rebuilt, and, the
churf h which is now, building inthe fj*jd parifh, by virtue of the acts for build-
, * H? publifhed^a fermon on the M^tery-of man, 1723; another before the Houfe of Commons,
on tJie-accefiion, 1730. ' . .7,

./fol

v '¦;¦;....¦ ¦';:;. , : ins

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 489
ing 50 new churchy will be fufficient for the inhabitants of the faid parifh;
whereas, ,we are credibly informed, and upon the beft calculation do believe, that
there are about 40,000 fouls in the faid parifh, and do think that three new
churches, together with the prefent parifh church, will be barely fufficient for
that number.
"Becaufe, if this precedent of rebuilding old churches out of the fund
appropriated for building new ones fhould be followed, and the ends of the
abovefaid acts fhould be thereby in any great meafure defeated, we are appre-
henfive that many thoufands of his Majefty's good fubjects, in and about thefe
populous cities, will be left unprovided of churches whereunto they may refort
for the public worfhip of God, and will thereby remain deftitute of the necef
fary means of being inftructed in the true Chriftian religion, as it is now
profeffed in the Church of England, and eftablifhed by, the .laws of this
realm." One memento of the old church remains, the altar-tomb, and excellent effigies,.
in her winding-fheet, of Lady Frances Kniveton, wife of Sir William Kniveton,
of Bradley ; but this is only a part of the tomb, there was a canopy, and various
enrichments. " Since the rebuilding of this church this monument was refett up, by the Hon,
Charles Leigh, of Leighton in Bedfordfhire, 1738."
It is in the South-weft window.
Near it is a plain tablet of white marble,
" Saered to the memory of Thomas Edwardes,, gent, who died July 9, 1791, in
the 71 year of his age, and lies in the vault of this church. He lived many years
a vigilant and ufeful inhabitant of this parifh, efteemed and beloved by all, as an
honeft and good man. He bequeathed for ever the following legacies, the
.intereft of 5 ooi. 4 per cent, ftock, to buy bread for the poor of the parifh of
St. Giles in the Fields, to be diftributed every Sabbath-day, alfo the intereft of
300I. 4 per cent, ftock, for the ufe of the charity-fchool of the faid parifh, befides
very confiderable benefactions to feveral public charities. His widow, Mrs.
Grace Edwardes, caufed this monument to be erected, as a -fmall tribute of gra
titude and affection for one of the beft of men and hufbands ; as alfo, to exhibit
*<> paftefity fo exemplary a pattern of charity and goodnefs, io humble hopes that
thofe

490 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
thofe whom God has bleffed with abilities and fuccefs may go and do likewife.
-Bleffed are the dead."
Another, on the fame wall, to the memories of John Hawford, of Clement's-
inn, gent, and Elizabeth his wife, 1712, aged 69, and 1714, 61 ; John, their
eldeft fon, 1713, 26; William, 1715, 22.
Another illegible.
A plain one, of black marble, was erected by the piety of a fon to his parents,
Robert Barnfather, 1741, aged 54; and Mary Barnfa ther, 1754, aged 67.
Adjoining is a neat tablet, with Juftice reclining on an urn,
" To the memory of John Barnfather, efq. who died Sept. 17, 1793, in the
75th year of his age. An active and able magiftrate, who for feveral years
employed his time and talents, without gratuity or reward, in the ftrict and
impartial adminiftration of juftice. Nor was his integrity lefs difinterefted and
ufeful in many other public departments. In private life he poffeffed that mild-
nefs of temper, and benignity of mind, that endeared him to all his friends and
relations when living, and his memory efteemed and honoured by them when
dead." On the North-eaft pillar a little tablet, with Hope on an anchor, to the
memory of Mrs. Sarah Goulburn,' relict of Henry Goulburn,'efq. of the Ifland of
Jamaica, 1803, aged 77.
On the South-eaft pillar, one
" In memory of the Rev. Richard Southgate, A. B. rector of Warfop, in the
county of Nottingham ; one of the fub-librarians of the Britifh Mufeum ; and,
during 30 years, curate of this parifh; who died Jan. 21, 1795, in the 66th year
of his age. In every ftation of life he executed its refpective duties with judge
ment, diligence, and fidelity. Deep were his refearches and his learning':- vari
ous languages and fcience acknowledged him a fcholar, theology a divine. The
purity of his faith, the rectitude of his conduct, and his unwearied labours in the
paftoral office, teftified his piety towards' God ; his mildhefs, humility, andcan-
; dour, with his exemplary attention to the wants, temporal as well as fpiritual,* of
his fellow-creatures, proved his benevolence towards man. Reader, if thou canft,
excel him. It will be well, if thou canft equal him."
¦1 On the Weft wall, JohnPearfon; and Robert Bertie, bom Dec. 16 16, died
11 Dec. 1704.
On

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 431
On a pillar in the middle aile,
: " Near this place lieth the body of Sir Roger Leftrange, knt. born 1616 *."
The infide of St. Giles's is very chafte and beautiful, and the contour is grand
and finely proportioned. Six pedeftals, on each fide of the church, fupport two
pilafters and four pillars, of the Ionic order, with gilt capitals, the arches from
which (ornamented by bands) interfect thofe of the nave and fide ailes, forming
one of the beft cielings in London ; enriched with elegant fquare pannels, inclof-
ing circles and centre flowers. *
The facrarium is of the width of the nave, and is a continuation of the order.
Over the altar is a large arched window ; and above it an Attick, of excellent
proportions, and fuitable ornaments, terminating in a pediment. The intercolum-
niations of the facrarium, four in number, have niches, and ornamented pannels
over them. Thofe of the bafement contain the Decalogue, under a pediment of
white and gold ; with a gilt pelican in the divifion above the tympanum ; and the
two ufual accompanying tablets of the Lord's Prayer and Creed. Thofe of the
fides are filled by good paintings of Mofes and Aaron. The table is covered by a
rich carpet.
There are galleries in three parts of the church.
The organ is. extremely plain, and the pulpit extremely ugly.
The church is advantageoufty fituated, in a very large yard, ¦ but has nothing
remarkable in the exterior. The fteeple is one of the handfomeft in London ;
the tower Tufcan, and the lantern Ionic, both finely proportioned; but the fpire
is fhort and clumfy, and deformed by five horizontal bands. The flag-ftaff is
faid to have been erected in 1760, in confequence of the then victories over the
French. A very neat Tufcan gate has recently been erected ; and the arch is
filled by the celebrated reprefentation of the Refurrection, a performance of infi
nite labour, and much merit, carved about 1687.
The church of St.Giles is mentioned in the Anecdotes of Painting (vol. IV. p. 246)
to have been built by Henry Flitcroft -f-« The report of the Commiffioners in the
Journals of the Houfe of Commons, fays, Mr.Hawkfmoor expended 8605I 7s. 2d. on it.
* This violent party writer, who got his bread by his writings, and narrowly efcaped with his life
for his, attachment to Charles I. died Sept. 16, 1704, wanting only five days of 88.
f The North- weft view of it, drawn by Donowell, and engraved by, Walker, 1753, exprefsly fays it
. was built by Flitcroft.
The

« j ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
The old church contained a great deal of painted glafs, which is defcribed, in
the New View of London, 1708, to have been very fine; and a number of rich
monuments, to the following perfons.
Frances Widrington, 1649, aged 36.
Thomas Cornwallis, efq. 1703, aged 33. This gentleman lay near his grand
father Charles, his father Sir Francis, and his brother Charles.
Philip Lord Stanhope, earl of Chefterfield, 1656, aged 72, and his Lady Catharine.
Chriftopher Dudley, efq. r66o.
Dame Catharine Cope, 1646, aged 80.
Sir Thomas Widrington, 1674.
John Lord Belafyfe had an Ionic tomb; the infcription on which, as follows,
is a fatisfactory hiftory of his life.'
" This monument was erected, anno 1670, in memory of the Honourable
John Lord Belafyfe, baron Worlaby, fecond fon of Thomas Lord Vifcount Fau-
conberg, his wives and children ; who, for his loyalty, prudence, and courage, was
promoted to feveral commands of great truft by their Majefties King Charles I.
and II. vht. having raifed fix regiments of horfe and foot in the late civil war,
he commanded a tertia in his Majefty's armies at the battles of Edgehill, New
bury, and Nafeby, the fieges of Reading and Briftol, after being made governor
of York, and commander in chief of all his Majefty's forces in Yorkfhire. He
fought the battle of Selby with the Lord Fairfax, then being lieutenant-general of the
counties of Lincoln, Northampton, Derby, and Rutland, andgovernor of Newark.
Be valiantly defended that garrifon againft the Englifh and Scotch armies, till
his Majefty came in perfon to the Scotch quarters, and commanded the furrender
of it. At which time he alfo had the honour of being general of the King's horfe
guards. In all which fervices, and during the wars and other atchievements, he
deported himfelf with eminent Courage and conduct, received many wounds, fuf-
tained three imprifonments in the Tower of London ; and, after the happy reftora
tion of King Charles II. was made lord-lieutenant of the Eaft Riding of the county
of York, governor of Hull, general of his Majefty's forces in Africa, governor of
Tangier, and captain of his Majefty's guard of Gentlemen Penfioners, etc. &c.M
William Thorold, efq. fon of Sir William Thorold, of Marfton, Lincolnfhire,
bart. Margaret Beaw, wife of William Beaw, LL.D. 1694, aged 33. Judge
Byrch, 1581, aged 66; and feveral others of lefs importance.
Richard Penderel, preferver and conductor of Charles II. after his efcape from
the battle of Worcefter, was buried at the Eaft end of St. Giles's church-yard.
He

•ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 493
He died- Feb. 8, 1671. The following lines are from a printed ferap of paper
pafted in Bagford's collections, Britifh Mufeum.
Hold ! paflenger : here lies, fhrowded in this hearfe, .
Penderel, unparallel'd throughout the uni verfe,
Like when the Eaftern ftar from Heaven gave light
To three loft kings, fo he in fuch dark night
To Britain's Monarch, tofs'd by adverfe war,
On earth appear'd, a fecond Eaftern ftar ;
A pole, a ftern in her rebellious main ;
A pilot to a Royal Sovereign.
Now, to triumph in Heaven's eternal fphere,
He 's hence advanc'd for his juft fteerage here.
Whilft Albion's chronicles, with matchlefs fame,
¦ Embalms the ftory of great Penderel's name.
This epitaph will be completely explained by the enfuing interefting narrative,
communicated in 1779 by the late David Wells, efq. of Burbach, F. S. A. to
Mr. Nichols ; who inferted it in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. LIX. p. 593.
" King Charles the Second, comeing from Worcefter fight, being Wednefday, Sept. 3, 1651,
about fun-rifing next morning, being Thurfday, by the conduct of Mr. Charles Giffard, and hi*
man Yates, arrived at White Ladyes, where, as foon as might bee, he was divefted of his
apparell, his hayr cutt off, and habited like a country fellow ; which being done, haveing taken
leave of the Lords who attended him, was committed to the charge of the Pendrells. The
Lords, &c. then moft of them fled after the flying armye towards Newport, and fo Northwards.
The Lord Willmott was refolved to fly counter towards London, and by the guidance of John
H Pendrell got to Mr. Huntbaches, of Brinsford ; from whence he fent the faid Pendrell to Wolver-
5 hampton, and all his acquaintance thereabouts, to gett fome azylum for him; but not prevayling,
§" as he was returning back, hee mett with Mr. Hudelefton (whom hee had feen formerly att
White Ladyes), with young Sir John Prefton, to whofe cuftody hee was committed by Mrs. Mor
gan, of Wefton, grand-mother to him, and fent to my mother's to table, for fear Pym fliould
feize him going here, by the name of Jackfon ;• for whofe companions Mr. Huddlefton was
pleafed to admitt Mr. Francis Raynolds and Mr. Tho. Palin, both nephews of mine, and to teake
them with him, and afked him what news hee heard, who anfweared none but very good ;
which was, the King had gott the day att Worcefter. But Pendrell anfweared, 'tis clean con
trarie j and then related to him the fad news of his Majefties defeat att Worcefter the day before;
and how, that morning earlie, the King came to White Ladyes, and was with fome of his bro
thers in difguife, and that my Lord of Cleveland * ; but indeed Willmott hee left att the faid
Huntbaches, and was by him fent to Hampton, and to all his acquaintance ihereabouf, to gett
fome fecrett place to fecure him : which not being able to do, he afked Mr. Huddlefton whether
his landlord, being myfelf, would do him the favour to fecure him ; who replyed, I will take you
* Something is wrong here ; fedjic Orig.
Vol. III. Rrr to

i$4 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
to. him, and yon fhall fee. Upon their arrival!, Mr. Huddlefton told me all the fad news, and
his buifines with me; whereupon I feid I. would with fpeed wait on his Lordfhip,; which I,
did accordingly : and when there, Mr. Huntbach brought mee to his chamber, whom, after I
had condoled his Majefties and all his friends fad misfortunes, I told him I feared not to fecure
his Lordfhip if I could gett him privately to my houfe, which I thought the beft way was for mee
to wifh Mr. Huntbach to bring him a by way to a clofe of mine, called the Moore, about mid-
H night, where att that tyme I would wait for him, and take him to a friend's houfe not far of,
E wheare I feard not his fecuritie (to conceal from Mr. Huntbach my taking him home), where
b accordingly I wayted for their comeing a or 3 howers ; and then, fuppofing they had fteared
% fome other courfe, I returned home, where I found my Lord Willmott arrived, being conduced
by the faid Huntbach another way along the publick ways and lanes, which when my Lord
£? underftood, he was much troubled. The next morning I fent a meffenger well known to Col.
§" Lane, to acquaint him that my Lord was with mee ; but I had no conveniency for his horfes, my
howfe lying to the open roade, and an howfe over againft itt, and therefore I defired him to
entertain them (they being that night att one Evans houfe, a poor man nigh Mr. Huntbach), my
felf being better able to fecure my Lord then them, who feemed very willing, and bidd the
^, meffenger bring them, and that att night he would, himfelf wait on his Lordfhip, and that I
ZI fhould, about midnight expert his comeing into a clofe called Allport's Leafow, wherein was a
3. .great drie pitt, covered with many trees, where the Colonel accordingly came ; and having tied
Z his horfe in the faid pitt, I brought him through my back fide to my Lord's chamber, who, when
they faw each other, they renewed their former acquaintance, the Colonel formerly having ferved
in my Lord's brigade. The Colonel then invited my Lord to his houfe, as far more fafe, my
felf, as he fliled mee, a Papift, and more liable to fearches; be'fides, his fifter, the Lady Jane, had
newlie gott a pafs from Capt. 'Stone, governor of Stafford, for herfelf and -man to go into the
Welt, where might bee a convenient opportunity for his paffage away. But the day before, I
haveing fhewn his Lordfhip a privacie in my houfe, formerly made in tymes of perfecution, and
i'n which, after the late unfortunate warre, I fecured myfelf againft the violent ftricl: fearch of
Capt. Stone's troop, his Lordfhip. fo approved of itt for his fecuritie, that hee wifht that
100,000 friends of his were with him; gave the Colonel many thanks for his kind offer, but for
the prefent faid hee was well pleafed and fatisfied with his prefent quarters, but defired him to
keep the opportunity of his fitter's pafs, and his horfes, till hee heard from him again, and fo
took leave of him, and I condu&ed back to his horfes. This morning, being Friday, Jo. Pen
drell came to my Lord, and ftaid all day with him, who at night fent him to White Ladyes, to
i-nquire what was become of the King; who returned, and faid he went from thence the nio-ht
before to Madeley, in Shropfhire, with a defign to gett over Severn, and fo to fteere for Wales
(but S;vern was fo guarded hee could not pafs, but was forct to'ftay there all that night and next
^ day in a barn of Air. Woolfs) ; of whole removeall as foon as my Lord heard, hee refolved fpeedily
r to remsve to Col. Lane's, and wifht me to fend to him to have his horfes fent for him that night,
"• which I did, and they came accordingly; and fo, after many thanks for all my care and kind
w entertainment, haveing difmiffed Jo. Pendrell, hee went, and fafelie arrived att the Colonel's the
| next morning. Mr. Huddlefton and myfelf were walking in the long walk, and concluding in
•q the afternoon to go to White Ladyes, to receave a perfecT: relation of all the tranfaiftions there,
where unexpectedly wee faw Jo. Pendrell comeing to us, and alking us where my Lord was, wee
telling

ST. GILES IN THE FIELT>S. 495
telling him he was gone from hence; hee feplyed, wee then are all undone, for att my return
yeflerday, there being no paffage over' Severn, the King was forct, on Friday night, to come
back to Bofcobel), and there mett with Col. Carelos, and that they had no entertainment for him,
neither knew they how to difpofe of him, who grew very melaneholly upon itt : but hearing by
c mee that I left my Lord here, hee fent mee to his Lbrdfhip, togett a place for his fecurity with
g-him here. Whereupon Mr. Huddlefton and myfelf went with Pendrell to the Colonel, hee
being a ft ranger to- him, and wee durft not write by him; where I being arrived, acquainted "the
Colonell that Pendrell came to us from fome perfon of eminent qualitle, whofe name he vfas not
to difcover, to bring him to my Lord; and therefore I came with him my felf, that hee ftiould
not bee afraid to give admittance: whereupon the Colonel immediatelie took him to my Lord,
who, after fome private conference and directions for Mr.' Huddlefton and myfelf, hee' fent him
to us, to return with fpeed, and in the way homewards to acquaint us the perfon hee came from
was the King, which his Lordfhip till then never difcovered; and then hee defired myfelf to
attend his comeing that night, about eleaweu of clock, att his ufuall pitt in Alport's Leafow ;
and that Mr. Huddlefton and felf fhould appoint'a place iii my ground, whither hee and hi*
brothers fliould bring the King, about 12 or one of clock that night : which wee accordingly did,
and Pendrell fpeedily fent away to acquaint his Majeftie. Att night, Mr. Huddlefton and felf,
as foon as all the familie was gone to bedd, went to our feverall ftands, hee to a- clofe called
The Moor, and my felf to the tifwall drie pitt. My Lord came punctually according to his howre,
whom I brought up to his chamber ; and after tihe time prefixed, hee wifht mee to go to Mr- Hud
dlefton, to fee if they were come with his friend, as- hee called him; but I returning, and telling
him they were not, hee feemed much troubled, and apprehenfive of his mifcatriage; then, after
a- little while, hee wifhed mee to go again,, and to ftay in the orchard expefting them, where,
after a while, I faw them comeing up the long walke, which I fpeedily acquainted his Lordfhip
with, who wifhed mee to ftay at the orchard door, and to fhew him the way to the ftayrs, where
my Lord expected* him with a light. When hee came to the door, with the Pendrtlls guarding
him, he was fo habitted' like" one of them, that I could not tell which was hee, only I knew all
the reft. I could fcarce putt of my hart to him, but hee difcovering by the light the ftayrs,
ymediaflie went* to them, where his Lordfhip expe&ed him, and took him1 up to his chamber :
then I took the Pendrells into the buttry, to eate and drink, that I might difpatch them away,
and fecure the houfe; but ere they had done, my Lord fent Mr. Huddlefton down to' mee, defire-
ingniee to come up, which accordingly I did, and coming att the chamber door, Iiis Majeftie
and my Xord'being both at a cupboard's head nigh to itt, talking, his Lordfhip faid to mee, this"
gentleman under difguize, whom I have hitherto concealed, is both your maifter, mine, and the
maifter of us all, to whom wee all owe our duty and allegiance ; and fo, kneeling down, lie gave
me His hand to kif's, and bidd me arife, and-faid hee had receaved from my Lord fuch a char-after
of my loyaltie andreadines in thofe dangers to aflift him and his friends, that hee would never bee
unmindful of mee or mine; and the neit word after was, where is the* private place my Lord
tells;me;of? which being already prepared and fliewed him, hee went into itt, and when. come
forth, faid itt was the beft place hee was ever in.' Then hee- returning to his chamber, - fitting
down by the fier fide, wee pulled of his fh'oes and ftockings, and- wafhqd his feet, which were
moft fadly galled, and then pulled of likew&ies his apparelland fliirt* which was oMurdeh cloth,
and put him one of Mr. Huddlefton's, and other apparell of ours ; then, after he had refrefhed
R r r a himfelf

496 - ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
himfelf a little, by eating fome bifkett, and drinking a glafs of wine, hee grew verychearfullj
and faid, if itt would pleafe Almighty Sod to fend him once more an army of 10,000 good and
loyall foldiers and fubjefts, he feared -not to expell all thofe rogues forth of his kingdom: then,
g3 after an howres difcourfe or more, he was defiious to repofe himfelf on a bedd that night. The
o- next day, the fervants were fent all forth to work, only the cook maid, a Catholike, kept with-
5. in to gett provifion, as pretended, for a relation of Mr. Huddlefton's, who fled to him from
? Worcefter fight : neither fhee nor Mr. Huddlefton's fcliQllars admitted to his fight, nop having
the leaft fufpeft who hee was, the boys having, during his ftay, liberty to play, and to watch
who were comein : whereupon Sir Jo. Prefton one night att fupper with the other boys faid,
Eate hard, boys, for wee have been on the life guard and hard dutie this day (more trulie fpoke
& then hee was aware). In the morning, my Lord took my mother to his Majeftie, and acquainted
a. him who fhee was, who, kneeling down to kifs hand, hee moft gratioufly faluted, and when flic
"^ had brought up dinner, would have had her fitt down with him, Mr. Huddlefton and myfelf
wayting. In the afternoon I was fent to Hampton, to enquire after news, and att my return
wifht by my Lord to fend for his horfes that night from Col. Lane's, which I did accordingly,
oj^ and he returned with them. All that night his Majeftie lay on his bed, Mr. Huddlefton watch-
Q ing within, and myfelf without doors. The next morning, my ftudie-door being open, his
§^ Majeftie was pleafed, with Mr. Huddlefton and felf, to go into itt, and for diverfion to look
» forth of it into the court and com'on roade, where hee faw many of his foldiers, and fome of his
own regiment, which he knew, come up to the doors, fome for provifions, and others for plaifters
for their wounds. There he told us of the Scotts ufage, and of his march from thence to Wor»
cefter, and of the fight there, and enquired of us how this country and the gentry ftood affefted,
and who were, againft him : then looking upon feverall books, hee faw Mr. Turbervill's Cate-
B *:hifme,' and read a little of itt, faid itt was a pretty book, and that hee would take itt with him.
ff In the afternoon, repofing himfelf on his bed in the parlour chamber, and inclineing to fleep, as
g I was watching att the window, one of the nsighbours I faw come running in, who told the maid,
P foldiers were comeing to fearch, who thereupon prefentlie came running to the.ftaires head, and
cried, foldiers, foldiers are comeing ; which his Majeftie hearing, prefentlie ftarted out of his
bedd, and runn to his privacie, where I fecured him the beft I could, and then leaving hirn, went
forth into the ftreet to meet the foldiers, wh6 were comeing to fearch, whom, as foon as they
faw, and knew who I was, were readie to pull mee in peeces, and take mee away with them,
iayrng, I was come from Worcefter fight ; but after much difpute with them, and by the neigh
bours being informed of their falfe information, that I was not there, being very ill a great
while, they lett mee goe; but till I faw them clearly all gone forth of the town, I returned not;
but as foon as they were, I returned to releafe him, and did acquaint him with my ftay, which
hee thought long, and then hee began to bee very chearfull again. In the interim, whilft I was
difputing wiih foldiers, one of them, called Southall, came into the fould, and afke,d a fraith, an
hee was fhooing horfes there, if he could tell where the King was, and hee fliould have a'thow-
fand pounds for his payns, as the fmith, called Holbeard, fince feverall times hath told mee and
others. This Sowthall was the great prieft-catcher, and Capt. Lane's and Mr. Vernon's true
cavaleer in the plotting time. That afternoon my Lord fent word he would fend Col. Lane with
an horfe for the King about .midnight, and that I muft expect him att the wfuall place. At
night

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 497
£ night his Majeftie wifnt Mr. Huddlefton to mew him our oratory, faying, hee knew hee was a
Ss pneft, and he needed not fear to own itt to him, for, if itt pleafed God to reftore him to his king-'
v dom, wee fliould never need more privacies; who having feen itt, faid itt was a very decent
ff place. Afterwards I went to expeft the Colonel, and took a nephew, Mr. Fra. Raynolds, with
" mee, to hold the horfes whilft the Colonel went up to the houfe with mee; .who arriving I
brought him to the orchard ftile, where he would ftay and expeft till we brought his Majeftie to
him j of which I acquainting his Majeftie, hee fent mee for my mother to come to take leave of
him, who bringing with her fome rayfings, almonds, and other fweetmeats, which Hie prefent-
ing to him, fome whereof hee was pleafed to eat, and fome took with him : afterwards, wee all
kneehng down, and praying Almighty God to blefs, profper, and preferve him, hee was pleafed
to ftlute my mother, and give her thanks for his kind entertainment; and then giving his hand
to Mr. Huddlefton and myfelf to kifs, faying, if itt pleafed God to reftore him, hee would never
be unmindfull of us, hee took leave and went, condufted with Mr. Huddlefton and felf, to the
Colonel, and thence to his horfes expefting him, where hee having gott on horfback, we kneeled,
and kifs his hand again, offering all our prayers for his fafetie and prefervation, Mr. Huddlefton
putting on him a cloak of his, to keep him from cold and wett, which afterwards-, by the Colonel's
order, was ft-nt to mee, wee took leave.— [N. B. The original is in the hand-writing of Mr. Tho
mas Whitgreave, on fix feparate folio fheets, written on one fide only, and numbered I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
in the manner of counfellor's briefs, and is indorfed with thefe words, ' An Account of King
Charles the Second Prefervation.']"
A note from page 739 of the fame volume is a neceffary condufion; and a
communication, page 1076, gives the prefent ftate of Bofcobel.
" Bofcobel-houfe is a very obfcure habitation, fituate in Shropfhire, but adjoining upon Stafford-
fhire, and lies between Tong-caftle and Brewood. John Giffard, efq. having built this houfe about
thirty years fince, invited Sir Bafil Brook, with other friends and neighbours, to a houfe-warming
feaft. At which time Sir Bafil was defired by Mr. Giffard to give the houfe a name. He aptly calls
it Bofcobel (from the Italian Bojco lello, which, in that language, fignifies Fair-wood,) becaufe
feated in the midft of many fair woods. It is now the inheritance of Mr. Bafil Fitzherbert, by Jane
his wife, daughter and heir of Mr, John Cotton, by Frances, daughter and heir of the faid John
Giffard." A good view of it accompanies '* Bofcobel,; in The Hiftory of his faid Majefties moft
miraculous Prefervation, after the Battle of Worcefter, 3 Sept. 165 1; printed in 1660," 8vo. ; and
was copied foon after on a fmaller feale, in a French publication."
It may not be amifs to remark how little dependence can or ought to be
placed on interefted ex parte ftatements. In the year 17 10 this parifh was faid
in an official return to contain 5800 families, 34,80.0 inhabitants, three chapels,
and one Prefbyterian meeting. The New View of London, 1708, mentions
3000 houfes, and Read, the parifh clerk, reduces them in 1732 to 2000.
The number in 1800 was 2972, inhabited by 6889 families; males 13,005,
females 15*759* total 28,764 perfons.
The-

498 ST. GILES IN- THE FIELDS.
The total of the yearly rent of the houfes in the parifhes, of St. Giles in the
Fields and St. George Bloornfbury, as charged ta the poor's rate for the year.
1 76 1, amounted to 61,057. The raker * received 950I. per annum.
One event in the antient hiftory of this diftrict. is of too much importance' to
be paffed over unnoticed. In the reign of Henry V- the minds of the publick
had been fo far enlightened by the inherent operations' of common fenfe, and the
unwearied efforts of thofe early Proteftants the Lollards, that the bigoted part of
the Clergy thought it neceffary to ufe extraordinary feverity in their meafures, in
order to check the operations of truth, and thus prevent the great mafs of
ignorants from perceiving the various abfurdities of their proceedings. Of all
their enemies Sir John Oldcaftle gave them the moft uneafinefs and oppofition.
He was a man of ftrong natural fenfe highly cultivated, of courage and political
importance, and in habits of intimacy with the immortal hero who then governed
the courageous Britons, invaders and conquerors of France. Such a man, fo
near fuch a King as Shakfpeare has reprefented Henry V. augured infinite benefit
to the publick, but total ruin to infatuation and bigotry. To attack an opponent
fo fltuated, required great addrefs. Charges of herefy were readily formed ; but,
when eftablifhed by interefted judges, the ftatute of Henry IV. condemned the
victim to the flames. To an end fo dreadful the Clergy could not fuppofe the
King would confent a friend fhould be expofed : every artifice was therefore
adopted to accompliih their purpofes by infidious degrees ; and Archbifhop
Arundel was commiflioned to found the Monarch whether he would permit
Sir John to be brought to trial for herefy. Henry, at the firft intimation of their
wifhes, pofitively refufed ; but, abfurdly bigoted himfelf, and fearful of ecclefi-
aftic power, he offered to argue the fubject. with the intended victim ; and
declared that, if he found him obftinate, he would refign him to the operation of
the law. This artful ftratagem fucceeded : the King became an interefted party.
Arguments generally terminate in individual refentment. That Oldcaftle excited
that of the Sovereign, may be inferred by his refigning him to trial fubfequent to
their conference.
Elated with fuccefs, Arundel immediately cited Sir John •, but he, confcious
of his own rectitude, rejected the fummons. Upon which the King iffued an
order for his arreft, and the deferted Oldcaftle was committed to the Tower.
* This is an article which in the metropolis is continually varying. In fome years, many thoufand
pounds are paid for cleanfing the ftreets of London ; in other years, a few thoufands are paid by the
contractors for liberty to clean them.
Whence

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 499
Whence he was conveyed before the, Archbifhop, two bifhops, and other priefts,
on Sept. 23, 14 13. On this folemn occafion his anfwers were plain, full of the
moft convincing arguments, and muft have made his judges tremble in the
review of their own purfuits and purpofes ;¦ but temporal intereft, pride, and
vengeance, obliterated every virtuous fpark lighted by the rays of truth in their
breads. Judgment followed, attended by the horrible fentence of death at the
ftake, to be accomplifhed by elementary fire far lefs fierce than that which
flamed in their confciences while they uttered the yell of diflblution, But the
hour had not yet arrived for the fruition of their crime ; the prifoner contrived the
means of efcape, affifted perhaps by the Monarch's reluming companion.
Foiled, but not defeated, thofe rancorous churchmen entered into new plans ;
and, while every artifice was ufed to recover their loft prey, emiffaries were
employed to furrornd the King, and by infinuations and charges to clofe the
avenues of mercy, and to feal the prejudices entertained by him to the Lollards
generally. One of thofe plans was an alarm conveyed to Henry, when at Eltham,
that Sir John Oldcaftle had affembled 20,000 perfons in St. Giles's-fields, for
the exprefs purpofe of dethroning and killing him, and deftroying his brothers,
and moft of the lords fpiritual and temporal within the realm. This tale, well
fupported by collateral falfehoods, exafperated the Monarch to the refolution
of advancing upon his enemies immediately ; which he did "with fuch troops
as the hurry of the occafion would permit, and arrived at St. Giles's about
midnight, where he found eighty armed perfons, whofe purpofes are buried
in oblivion. The number at once contradicts the affertion that they intended
to overturn the government It has been fuppofed they were Lollards, affem
bled for devotion in their own way ; but it is as fair to imagine, as they
were' armed, that oppreffion had created difcontent, and that this fecret meeting
had for its object a redrefs of grievances, and relief from the terrors of the ftake ;
but it does, not appear that Oldcaftle was one of the party, of which 30 were
killed, and many of the remaining 50 taken prifoners.
This circumftance confirmed the King in his wavering refentment ; and he iffued
a proclamation for tbe apprehenfion of Sir John, offering a reward of 500 marks
to the perfon who difcovered him, 1000 to the man who fecured him ; and, if any
town or borough caufed his feizure, the place was to be free from taxation for
ever. This unfortunate contrived however to elude the vigilance of his enemies
till the year 1417; when Lord Powis, affifted by a rabble, his companions in
infamy and avarice, apprehended him in Wales. Whence they conveyed him to
London ;

SW ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
London ; and to the bar of the Houfe of Parliament, on the 18th of December.
Thofe guardians of the rights of the Romifh church ventured, in the King's
abfence, to fend him to the gallows at Tyburn; where, on Chriftmas-day, he
terminated a wretched exiftence, by the double operation of fuffocation and the
flames, to the eternal difgrace of this period of .our hiftory. The King was
evidently afraid of the tyrants of ecclefiaftical power, whofe perfecutions and
malignity increafed to fuch a degree, that Henry found it neceffary to iffue an
Infpeximus of a ftatute of Edward III. to ftop the progrefs of falfe impeachments
and profecutions. To this he added the pardon of many of the perfons taken at
St. Giles's ; and conceived the vaft plan, afterwards executed by Henry VIII.
To avoid which, the defpicable priefts offered him the furrender of no priories
alien, and all their poffeffions, and thus faved themfelves and fucceflbrs for
another century.
The inhabitants of the parifh of St. Giles may be feparated into three clafles.
To begin with the loweft : thofe are immerfed in the very extreme of wretched-
nefs, the unavoidable confequence of continued intoxication, or at leaft inebria
tion. _ The females of the neighbourhood of Broad St. Giles's, Dyot-ftreet, and
fome others, fhew human nature in a ftate far more difgufting than are the
recreations of the defpifed but ufeful hog. That animal throws himfelf into the
dirt from inftinct ; the St. Giles's brute half lays, half fits, on the pavement through
inability to ftand : the former delights in the filth he bafks in, and it refrefhes
him ; the latter is infenfible of all enjoyment, and grunts forth no other founds
than foul oaths and obfcenity. The hufbands, fathers, children, of this deteft-
able half Irifh half Englifh race, partake of the fame defcription. The men earn
fome money, but, I am afraid, fteal more ; but it is expended on gin ; and rags
and nakednefs are the refult. The Legiflature fhould difperfe this neft of banditti,
and .rebuild the houfes ; they are not proper inmates for the centre of this popu
lous fuburb ; nor fit neighbours to the fecond clafs of inhabitants ; who are refpec
table tradefmen, in every branch of the mechanic and retail bufineffes; and cer
tainly much lefs fo for the confiderable number of elegant refidences on the North
-fide of the parifh, whofe occupants are eminent profeffors in the law, divinity,
and fciences, and rich merchants retired from the hurry of the City, of London.
The architecture of the houfes, and the varieties in the width of the ftreets,
are full of contraft : numbers of the habitations feem calculated for mifery, others
for the extremes of opulence; and the ftreets expand from 12, 15, and 20 feet,
to 60 or 80. Lincoln's

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. 501
Lincoln's Inn-fields, or, more properly, fquare, is now in fo perfect a ftate
that it will hardly be credited it was ever otherwife ; yet, in 1735, the few perfons
who inhabited it were compelled to apply to the legiflature for permiffion to rate
themfelves for remedying the grievance. It appears, from evidence offered to the
Houfe of Commons by feveral perfons, that they were in grafs 40 years before.
About 1705 that part which bounds the terras walk of the Society of Lin-
coln's-inn was railed ; but in 1734, &c. quantities" of rubbifh were carried and
thrown there, from all quarters. The fpace next Holborn, ner.r the Turnftile,
was infcfted by brutes, who let their wretched horfes for halfpenny rides, whofe
riders limbs fuffered many fractures. The fields were ufed befides for airing
rich perfons horfes, "by which accidents were continually happening. Mr Bigg,
a furgeon, declared he had lent upwards of 30 perfons to the hofpitals injured by
thoh means. I requent robberies occurred in them at 'the fame period. Anthony
Henry ard W>ilicp- Ccepe-, efqrs. fole proprietors of many of the building:*,
ftated tLi no riiilVncis v. ere ever complained of in their portions within Cupfield
and Ficktct'1. no '(¦'_, as 7eg were invariably Tenanted, and the rails in good repair;
but that in t<. c i..-t m -.,£& Purfe-fielas the rails and land-marks were conftantly
ftolen and dc-ii :oft'd.''
It is well k ti . -n 7tu 7e celebrated In i go Jones planned this fquare; which1
contain1; ten acr .a .-nd an hz\x, the dimenfions of the 'bafe of the greateft Egyp
tian pvra.n'd. 7 is design was departed from, however, in the earlieft periods of
its hiftory. That which depends, upon the difcordant interefts of the publick for
completion refts on a very frail foundation. His ftile may bet perceived ftill on
the Weft fide. In 1641 the barrifters and ftudents of Lincoln's-inn prefented a
petition to the Houfe of Commons; " on which the' Houfe ordered, that thefe
fliall be a ftay made of any farther building in Lincoln's Inn-fields, efpecially by
Mr. Newton, till this Houfe fhall take further order therein."
An act was pafled in the ift year of James II. for rebuilding Powis-houfe, in this
fquare, then lately burnt. The reader will recollect the fite by the arches for a
paffage to Great Queen-ftreet, at the North-weft corner of the quadrangle. It was
originally a large manfion, with a pediment in the centre, above a handfome door,
upon a flight of fteps. Some ridiculous caprice has recently deprived the front of
the former, and the houfe has been divided into two.
The moft remarkable perfonages in the catalogue of its inhabitants were the
Lp.rd Keeper- Wrighte; and: fome time after the munificent Duke of Newcaftle,
Voi*. III. Sss who

i02 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.
who died there, November 17, 1768, aged 74 years. This nobleman fucceeded to
the eftates of his uncle, John Holies, Duke of Newcaftle, in 171 1. He was created
earl of Clare 1714 ; and in 1715 marquis, and duke of Newcaftle; lord chamberlain
1717 ; and in 1724 was appointed one of his Majefty's principal fecretaries of ftate.
As fuch he is reprefented by political writers as far below mediocrity in talents.
Indeed, Smollett introduces him in a moft ludicrous way, in his novel of Humphry
Clinker. Lord Chancellor Cowper refided, in 1708, at the South-weft corner of the
fquare. At the fame period Lord Lindfey occupied the very handfome houfe, of
the Ionic order, on . fhe Weft fide, where the enormous brick pillars and urns
bound the court-yard. At prefent many of the inhabitants are profeflbrs of the
law; the grand feat of which, Lincohi's-inn, and its gardens, make a very beau
tiful fcene from the North-weft corner, with the dome of St. Paul's, and feveral
fpires, rifing from the trees. This pleafant effect has lately been improved by the
more judicious difpofal of the walks within the area, and the introduction of a
great number of beautiful plants and bufhes.
Surgeons'-hali is now utterly effaced, and the materials removed from its fite,
on the Eaft fide of the Old Bailey. It was built under the direction of Chefelden,
;the celebrated furgeon, who valued himfelf for his tafte in poetry and architec
ture. The building was of ftone, and confifted of a bafement, and Ionic range
of pilafters, with cornice, &c a plain Attick, and vafes. The bodies brought
for difl'ection were admitted through a door in the bafement ; but the living fub
jects of our Lord the King afcended a flight of fteps to a door on the bafemeivt,
which communicated with the galleries; whence the horrible operation of carving
man might be viewed with more convenience than pleafure.
Surgeons'-hall was ufed for a few years ; and, about 1800, as the head-quarters
and barracks of the London Militia; but in 1803 was wno^y taken down. The
diffections are now transferred to a large and magnificent houfe on the South
fide of Lincoln's Inn-fields, to the general abhorrence of the opulent neigh
bourhood, though every precaution is uled to prevent difguft by public expofures.
Part of the fpacious and excellent fquare named from the noble family of Bed
ford is in the parifh of St. Giles. This, and the neighbouring ftreets, owe their
origin to the Ruffels, on whofe ground they are fituated. The houfes in the
fquare are very large, and each fide is like the other, with a centre houfe, termi
nating in a pediment, and the remainder as wings. Charlotte-ftreet croffes the

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS, 503
aft fide of the fquare, and ends in Gower-ftreet ; the whole of which confifts of
elegant buildings, extended to the fields, in a right line, for more than half a
mile. Ruffel-ftreet is of more antient date; and, though the houfes are large and
handfome, Charlotte-ftreet fhews our improvement in domeftic conveniences.
Monmouth-ftreet muft be noticed: a way fo celebrated deferves attention. Our
play-writers and novelifts have equipped many a character from the fhops within
it, appropriated originally to the reception and re-fale of caft-off cloaths, foiled it
is true by the wearer, yet partially brilliant with gold and filver lace, the favou
rite ornaments of drefs in the earlier parts of the laft century. But the changes
common to this world have extended even to Monmouth-ftreet ; in place of rich
old habits, we find new coarfe ones, and ragged fliifts, ftockings, and fhoes
mingled with them, at the doors of the fubterrjnepus apartments occupied by
cobblers and menders of tattered garments.

Sssa GUILDHALL

( 504 )

GUILDHALL.
THIS building, particularly connected with London in the aggregate,, is cer
tainly not the original town-hall.: that has entirely perifhed, as has been already
mentioned in vol. II. p. 116. But, at the commencement of its hiftory, we intui
tively wifh to explore the abyfs of time, and feel anxious to trace from the earlieft
periods what London may have Been in its original ftate, its progrefs in confe
quence, and the nature. of its early government. How is this object to be attained?
I have afferted that he who would fearch fot -new matter, or undoubted facls, muft
retire defeated from his labour; for every page has been already turned, and
every line transferred, which can be brought to favour co'njeclure, c fupport fact.
I never was inclined to build caftles in fhe ajr ; it cannot therefore be fuppofed
that I can erect a city on fo frail a foundation : but I have no objection to defcribe
the air-built ftructures of others. If, when defcribed, the fagacity of the reader
fliould undermine their foundations, and reduce them to their native element,
the ruins will be neither difficult to remove, nor inconvenient to pafs. Stowe
was unqueftionably the moft to be depended on' for veracity (where, he • could
obtain authentic records) of any author who wrote exprefsly on the hiftory of our
Metropolis. Accordingly, his text has been preferved by fucceffive editors of his
work, with the moft fcrupulous fidelity; but each has added information of his
own, till the Rev. John Strype clofed the lift, by producing his two enormous
volumes, replete with an infinite fund of information, collected from a. variety
of fources. I therefore do not hefitate in affirming, that Strype's edition of
Stowe is the grand bafement on which numbers of minor architects have; with
various merit, erected buildings in the Tufcan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and
Compofite orders. It would be invidious, in my prefent fituation, to affimilate
my predeceffors' works to thofe orders in their degrees of 7 lidity, durability,
beauty, or ufefulnefs : that tafk is for the reader, while I detail what has been
advanced on the antiquity of London. To begin with Strype, who quotes
Geoffry of Monmouth. This man afferts that London was founded by Brute, a
King lineally defcended from the demi-god Eneas, fon pf Venus, the daughter
of Jupiter, about anno mundi 2855, one thoufand one hundred and eiglr r ears before
the birth of Chrift. This Monarch, remembering the parent city of Troy, with
which

GUILDHALL. 505
which the family qf Eneas was fo 'intimately, connected when on. this terrefi jI
.refidence, diftinguifhed it by the appellation. - of -Troynovant, or Troy revived.
Here an apology is introduced from ,Ejvy.; who, it appears, approved of thofe high
defcents, or pedigrees of cities.
Flowever abfurd this tale, the .antient citizens of London believed it, tranfcrib-
ing into their Liber Albus, as Home had done before in his Book of Laws and
Cuftoms. It- is repeated, befides." in Rccordatorium Civitatis Speculum; and in
almoft all the chronicles extant in the kingdom, whether MS or printed.
Purfuing Geoffry's. tale, who leaves us in, the dark for 1060 years, though fo
well acquainted with deeds of, remoter date, King Lud will be found bufiiy
employed in repairing the city, and increafing it by fair, or handfome and con
venient, buildings, and ftrong towers ; at the fame time inclofing it with walls,
and honouring it and one of the gates with his own name, Caire Lud, or Lud's
Town. This title, in the never-failing mutations of time, became the Britifh
word Llongdin, fynonymous with the Saxon Shipton, Shipton, or town for fhips,
qr, in the modern acceptation, a fea-port.
In addition to this we have it afferted, that Brute, Locrine, Cunodagius, and
Gurbodus, Kings of the Britons, were interred in London, where Mulmutius
: Dmwallo erected a temple, and dedicated it to Peace, commemorative of his
fuccefs in vanquifhing enemies who are not, named. His fon, Belinus, is faid to
have made a haven and gate, on which he beftowed his own name, now degene
rated into Billingfgate. But he conferred a ftill greater favour, by caufing his
afhes to be depofited in a brazen urn on the fummit. London, according to
this edition of Stowe, is indebted to Belinus for the original Tower of London.
, ¦ A •• copious extract from Casfar's Commentaries follows, defcriptive of the
-monuments, and the actions, of the Romans and Britifh, in the neighbourhood
of London ; and the fubject concludes in total indecifion and obfcurity, as to
, the exiftence at that period of our metropolis.
Many difquifitions on this fubject were:. publiftied in the interval between
Stowe's time and the year 1666 ; but, as few of them were founded on inferences
from the difcovery of Roman remains, I fhall at once have recourfe to Sir Chrif
topher Wren, whofe ideas of the antient Britons appears, 1666, to have been more
favourable than thofe of fome other writers. He mentions their manner of fight
ing with clofe lines, difcipline, and the ufe of war chariots; and with fo much
addrefs that they embarrafled the legions fent againft them by the Romans. He
repeats

sw GUILDHALL.
repeats the fiery of the hide-bottqmed veftels, and their trading with other coun
tries ; and therefore concludes they had an emporium, which he fixes on the fite
of London, deriving its name frqm an old Britifh word fignifying " Shif-hill," or
a " harbour ofjhips."
" Here the Romans fixed a civil or trading colony, in the reign of Claudius;
which greatly increafed under Nero,, by the concourfe of merchants, and conve
nience of commerce ; and was inhabited by Chriftians and Heathens together."
Sir Chriftopher imagined that he difcovered the Northern extremity of the
Roman colony, or praefecture, from the enfuing circumftance. When, in con
fequence of his appointment as architect for rebuilding London, he had com
menced his operations on the church of St. Mary le Bow, he found it neceffary,
in order to render the building fquare, to reftore a corner which had been taken
from it for the bafe of the tower. Upon opening the ground a foundation, was
difcovered that proved to be " the walls, with the windows alfo, and the pave
ment, of a temple or church, of Roman workmanfhip." This building was about
forty feet from Cheapfide. It will be recollected that the prefent fteeple ftands
on the ftreet. When preparing the ground for this, the workmen dug eighteen
feet below the furface, through made ground ; where they were arretted in their
progrefs by a Roman caufeway of rough ftone, firmly laid in cement, upon a
foundation of Roman brick and rubbifh ; which was fupported by the ftratum of
natural clay found on all fides of London. The caufeway was three feet two
inches and one half in thicknefs.
Many reafons inclined him to fuppofe that this highway extended along the
Northern boundary of the colony ; as beyond it lay the great morafs of Moorfields,
which had been originally as far South as St. Lawrence's church, near Guildhall,
as he found it neceffary to rebuild the Eaft end of that ftructure on piles twelve
feet long, at a depth of feven from the furface ; confequently, the boundary of
the colony was the Thames to the South, and the fite of Cheapfide to the North ;
extending in length from Tower-hill to Ludgate, with a praetorian way in the
mid ft, now Watling-ftreet.
London-ftone has been generally fuppofed a pillar for the fame purpofe as
the Milliarium Aureum at Rome ; but Sir Chriftopher, having an opportunity
of examining the bafe, and finding it large, conceived it to have been
fome more refpectable monument, erected in the Forum ; fqr teffelated pave-
mertts,

GUILDHALL. aol
ments, and fragments of Roman workmanfhip, were found in its vicinity to the
South *.
On the Weft fide of the colony ftood the praetorian camp. In the vallum of
this, near Ludgate, a fepulchral ftone was found, with the figure of a foldier,
and an infcription dedicating it to the memory of Vivius Marcianus, of the fecond
legion (Augufta), by his wife Januaria Matrina. But the moft remarkable urns,
lamps, lachrymatories, and fragments of veflels ufed for facrifices, were difcovered
at the North-eaft corner of St. Paul's, near Cheapfide. Thofe were generally of
good workmanfhip, red, and fome of the colour of coral, as hard as china, and
neatly glazed, and all embellifhed with figures or devices. One was in the fhape
of a bafon, on which Charon was reprefented, with his oar, receiving a naked
ghoft ; another was a patera facrifcalis, infcribed Pater. Clo. a lead-coloured urn,
of fine hard earth; and many pieces with the names of the potters on the bottoms.
He afterwards found, in Spittalfields, a large Roman urn, or offuary of glafs,
encompaffed by five parallel circles, with a handle, which contained a gallon and
an half. The fhort neck and wide mouth were of a whiter metal.
The admirer of Stowe will immediately recollect, that this muft have been part
of the collection of fragments firft difcovered in 1576, and mentioned by that
author. They were urns, filled with afhes and burnt bones, each containing,
befides, a copper coin of the feveral emperors in whofe reigns they were reflectively
interred, the earlieft period, of which was that of Claudius, and the lateft Antoni
nus Pius ; penates, lachrymatories, lamps, fimpula, paterae, &c. &c. and feveral
ftone coffins of fubfequent date.
Dr. Woodward complains, there are no records of the origin of this antient
city, and that we are wholly left to conjecture upon the fubject. Biihop Stilling-
fleet, in his difcourfe on the true antiquity of London, afcribes its foundation to
the Romans ; but Tacitus, who is the oldeft writer that mentions our metropolis,
fpeaks of it as confiderable for the number of merchants, and the plenty of their
merchandize, which could not apply to a city recently founded, but rather to
one . that had been long eftablifhed. Which may be inferred, in addition, from
Ammianus Marcellinus, who mentions it is an antient place, once called Lundinium,
but, when he wrote, Augufta,
* This venerable ftone was removed, December^, 174^, from the original fite, on the South fide.
ef the ftreet, to its prefent fituation. After

w% GUILDHALL..
After the Romans retired from this ifland, every art, every fcierice, feems to
have relapfed into difufe, if not into fbrgetfulnefs ; confequently, a long night of
chaos enfued, which is, and ever muft' remain, impenetrable to refearch, except
in the way that Dr. Woodward moft judicioufly points out, reafohing from acci
dental difcover ies.
The dreadful -calamity which reduced London to afhes was an event favourable
to toe antiquary ; it opened treafures to his view beyond his moft fanguine hopes,'
by the removal of thoufands of buildings whofe fites covered the antient Lundi-
nluni and Augufta. Sir Chriftopher Wren was a man of knowledge in other pur-
fuits befides architecture'; fuch a man having been employed to rebuild the
city, every thing which occurred in the progrefs of the work was preferved and
recorded that could tend to proving what London originally was. The Doftot
obferves that, he pofieffed many articles that were found ; feveral of which were
collected by a Mr. Coniers, who was indefatigable in his enquiries, but not" in a
fituation to defcribe and pubfifh accounts of them. He liberally offered thofe to
the acceptance of Mr. Strype, or any other perfon writing on London ; and I
fuppofe the above gentleman has interfperfed accounts of them through his edi
tion of Stowe's Survey.
The .Doctor then proceeds to give an account of the remains of the City wall,
which I have already noticed, vol. I. p. 350.
The broad thin bricks obferved upon this occafion were all of Roman make,
and are in fact defcribed by Pliny in mentioning thofe of Rome, which were a
foot and half in length, and a foot broad, of their ftandard. Upon meafurihg
thofe of London wall, they were found to be 17 inches f^ in length, by 1 1 inches 7*
in breadth, and 1 inch -^ in thicknefs, of oUr meafure. " It is remarkable that
the foot rule followed by the makers of thefe bricks was very nearly the fame with
that exhibited on the monument of Coffutius in the Colotian gardens at Rome,
which that admirable mathematician (Mr. Greaves) has with great reafon pitched
upon as the true Roman foot."
There is fomething mortifying in the reflection, that the aboriginals of this
happy and fcientific ifland fhould have been fuch miferable ignorant favages as
they are reprefented by the Roman writers, wearing no other covering than the hides
of beafts, and with no other ideas of ornament than thofe common to* the
Indians of America and the South Sea ; governed by priefts, or Druids ; who, if
they were more enlightened than their flock, made an ill ufe of their knowledge,. - whofe

guildhall; 509
whofe rites of religion depended on the mifletoc, rendered .particularly holy if en
twined on an oak ; the all-healing miiletoe, the " univerfal panacea" for all di ('orders.
Thefe miferable men are faid to have taught the doctrine of tranfmigration of fouls-,
facrificed human victims for divinations, and formed their prefages from the fall,
the blood, and the convvflfive mufcular motion of the parts of the unhappy wretch.
Strabo afferts that they crucified men ; and Csefar charges them with framing com-
tuftible cages, fhaped like the human fpecies, filling them with men and beads,
and burning the whole together. If this is true, it is therefore not to be wondered
at that the Romans found neither buildings nor the means of erecting them known
to the inhabitants ; who, according to Strabo, called their groves cities ; and
Caefar confirms the affertion, by faying, they fenced their thickeft woods with a
bank and ditch. Some of the inhabitants of thofe cities refided on the trees, and
in huts formed of reeds and flicks, thatched with ftraw. The Druids had their
temples in groves.
The learned Doctor confeffes himfelf bewildered in his endeavours to arrive
at the period when the old wall was firft erected. Tacitus feems to convey an
idea that London was not walled, or but imperfectly fo, when Suetonius Paulinus
arrived, who was fent by Nero as governor; but he infifts that the wall now in
being was at fome diftance from the more antient boundary of the , City, as urns
were found within it, contrary to the law of the Twelve Tables, which orders
all burials without the walls. This he takes as proof that London did not extend
fo far Eaft ; and that this wall was built after the urns were depofited, probably
about the time of Antoninus, as one of his coins had been placed with them. As
the finding of urns, &c. marks the boundaries of the City, fo patera;, fimpula, pra-
fericula, and other veffels of facrifice, point out the fites of temples. He inftances
the difcoveries at St. Paul's, and mentions a figure of Diana found near it, of
which I have a drawing (fee the engraving annexed), made for or by him ; and
the following manufcript differtation, left by him unfinifhed, and obligingly
lent me by Alexander Chalmers, efq.
" But what gives no fmall additional proof of the worfhip of that Goddefs here
is, that about 40 years ago, at not a very great diftance to the South-weft, in
digging betwixt the Deanery and Black Friers, there was turned forth an icun-
culus of Diana, made of brafs, and two inches and an half in height. , It is in
the habit of an huntrefs, unqueftionably antient, and of Roman make. The hair
is very handfomely plaited, made up into a wreath, pafling on each fide the
Vol. III. Ttt head,

£10 GUILDHALL.
head, and collected into two knots, a larger at the top and a lefler behind the
head. The arms are both bare, and quite naked. At her back, towards the
right fhoulder, hangs a quiver, tied on by a fafcia paffing over that fhoulder,
by the breaft, under the left arm, round to the back. In the left hand has been
a bow, in the right an arrow. The habit is fhortened, and girt up about the
waift, after the manner of the cinlius Gabinus : fo that it reaches not quite down
to the knees before, nor to the hams behind. On the feet are the hunting buf-
kins, extending over the ankles, up to the lower part of the calf of the leg..
" For the two laft centuries, learned men have been very folicitous in their
enquiries after the remains of antient works, infcriptions, baffo-relievos, ftatUes,
icunculi, medals, intaglios, and the like. General books have been wrote, to
fix a ftandard, and fettle the rules of judging of thefe things, to diftinguifh the
genuine from the counterfeit, and thofe that are truly antient from thofe of later
date. This fmall image, though it has had the good fortune to be well preferved,
and very entire, yet has marks enough of time upon it to put its real antiquity
quite out of all queftion ; and the beft judges of Italy, of France, and other
nations, as well as England, agree that it has all the characters of a Roman
work. It is not of the very beft manner ; but good, and ' artfully enough
done for a piece of workmanfhip in a colony^ and at fo great a diftance from the
capital. " What greatly confirms the opinion that this figure is antient is, that the-
habit and infignia are the fame with thofe exhibited by the other. reprefentations-
of this Goddefs yet extant in various parts of Europe, whofe antiquity is indu
bitable, and allowed of all hands. Thus, in that admirably fine ftatue in the
gallery at Verfailles, there is a bow in the left hand, a quiver at the back, and
the habit is girded up above the knees. The ftatue of this Goddefs in the Palace
Farnefe is little different. The figure of her in the triumphal arch of Conftan
tine has the habit girded up in like manner; as have alfo the two icunculi in. the
Brandenburg collection- But the Diana exhibited upon an antient lamp, in the
cuftody of Pietro Santo Bartoli at Rome, has not only the habit girded up,_
but the quiver, the bow, the bufkinsj and all other things, fo nearly afteE. the
manner of this fmall image, that they could not well have been more like, though-
both had been made after the fame original. So, in an antique gemme in the
cabinet of M. Smetius, in her left hand fhe carries a bow,, in her right art
arrow. In the coins of the Ephefians, and of the Mytilenasans, fhe is reprefented with

GUILDHALL. S\l
with the habit girded ur>, a quiver, a bow, and the hunting bufkins ; which
infignia are likewife obfervable in the coins of the Delians, of fhe Cretans, of the
Raphienfians ; as alfo in thofe of the family of thePofthumi at Rome, of Auguf-
tus, of Gordianus Pius, and Gallienus.
<c Then this figure exactly, and in every refpect, anfwers the defcriptions and
accounts of the antients. Callimachus exhibits Diana with her bow, arrows,
and quiver, her habit girded up, and her hunting bufkins ; in which manner fhe is
likevvife reprefented by the reft of the Roman poets and mythologifts.
" But a more exact judgement may be paffed in this affair by looking a, little
into particulars. In order to which, I fhall begin with the difpofition of the hair
in this figure, which is plaited, wreathed, and gathered into two knots, the one
upon the crown, the other behind the head. The ftatues of this Goddefs have
the hair wrought in nearly the fame manner; as have alfo the figures of her upon
the gems, the coins, and the lamp above mentioned. And it is very remark
able there fhould be fo near an agreement in the drefs of the hair of the different
reprefehtations of Diana, when there appears fo incredibly great a variety in that
drefs in the ftatues, coins, and gems, of the Greeks and Romans. But the
antients were very accurate in this particular; and their moft finifhed and exact
pieces, exhibit ufually the fame deity with the fame face, mien, habit, and
infignia. Though the poet might allow Venus the liberty to leave her hair \oofe,
and flowing with the wind,
 dederatque comas diffundere ventis ;
yet to a huntrefs, in chace through woods and brakes, fuch a drefs could not
but have been extremely incommodious, and it was neceffary the hair fhould be
bound up. Thus, Claudian fays of Diana,
 — Levibus prqjecerat auris
Indociles errare comas,
floe had expofed to the fleeting zvinds her hair, uncovered, and without other head-
drefs, but tied up, and confequently uncapable of being ruffled or difordered.
For this I take to be his real fenfe, though I fee one, who is a very good judge,
of another opinion.. Be that as it will, though it were the intention of the poet
Tt'ta to

$12 GUILDHALL.
to imply that ihe had let loofe her hair, it will be no objection, fince fhe was
not engaged in chace. And when fhe had let loofe the bow-firing too,
 arcuque remiffo,
Otia nervus agit. 
" And as the arms of this figure are naked, fo likewife conftantly are thofe of
the ftatues, and other antique reprefentations, of this Goddefs. And fo is fhe
herfelf defcribed by Claudian :
Brachia nuda nitent.
" In like manner the hands of Atalanta, when habited as a huntrefs, were
bare ; and her arms naked, quite up to her fhoulders, that they might the more
readily be turned to aclion, and managery of the bow." Cater a defunt.
The Doctor defcribes the Roman wall as remaining, to a confiderable extent, on
the South fide of Aldgate, in the place called the Vineyard. About the middle of
Houndfditch was a tower 26 feet high, compofed of ftone, with brick inter-pofed,
tolerably perfect, by which an accurate eftimation might be formed of the origi
nal height of the wall, and which muft have been very confiderable if the ground
has been raifed in the fame proportion there with other places in. the City. That
it has, feems to be proved by the labourers digging through fix, twelve, and
twenty feet of rubbifh, before they came to the native earth.
The Doctor combats Dr. Gale's opinion advanced in his Commentary upon the
Itinerary of Antoninus through Britain, that London was firft erected on the
South fide of the Thames; which he founded upon Ptolemy's placing it in Kent,
and from the fields between Lambeth and Southwark having been from time
immemorial a royal demefne. Three Roman highways met there. That there
was a caftrum or Roman town there, he imagined from the title of the Borough, ,
a name particularly given to fuch by the Saxons; and, laftly, from the difcovery
of coins, teffelated pavements, and bricks. Upon all thefe evidences Woodward
obferves, that Ptolemy was in the habit of committing geographical errors, of
which he refers to an inftance. Tacitus, who was a well-informed writer, and
rather before him in point of time, with, the moft authentic information on the
affairs of Britain, gives an " account of the march -of Suetonius Paulinus, and the-
action of Boadicea at Gamuladunum •,.. her caufing her army to fall upon London* and '

GUILDHALL. 513
and Verulam (St. Alban's) at once, and involve both in the fame ruin." This obfer
vation of the Doctor's appears convincing ; but he adds, that Tacitus praifes the
fituation of London, and the fweetnefs of the place, which never could have been
applied to a city on the South fide of the Thames, the border of which river was
overflowed at that time by every high tide, as the period alluded to was previous
to the well-known embankment. But he admits that the firft convenient ground
for the purpofe in St. George's fields may have been the fite of a cafirum, of
which the pavements and bricks might be remains ; and there were fimilar difco
veries made for fome miles Eaftward, near the dock,, along the South fide of
Deptford-road, &c. which difcoveries carry the good Do .tor far beyond London'.
The argument of the ground belonging to the King, he afferts, difproves Gale's fup-
pofition; and he obferves, that all ground between high and low-water mark, which
was gained from the fea or rivers, was exclufively the Monarch's right. The Royal-
Demefne, however, proves nothing. All the King's lands, in whatever part of the
kingdom they were fituated, are fo ftyled in Domefday Book. Th.e idea of the
centre of three ways being neceffarily the fite of London was extremely chimerical;,
It may not be amifs to quote a few lines from a pamphlet, publiftied 17 13, at
Oxford, by John Pointer, M.A. chaplain of Merton-college, which gives an
account of a Roman pavement, then lately. found at Stunsfield, Oxfordfhire, in
order to convey to the reader, who is not converfant in Roman cuftoms, the origin .
of thofe teffelated pavements.
" And indeed we are fufficiently convinced, from feveral credible hiftorians,
that the old Romans were wont to make fuch fort of pavements as were compofed
of little fquare- bits of bricks and marbles, about the bignefs of dice ; whereof.
the Roman generals, amongft the reft of their baggage, were ufed to carry a quan- -
tity fufficient to pave the place where they fet up the pratorium, or general's tent,-
or at leaft fome part of it, as we are particularly informed by Suetonius, in the life
of Julius Csefar : ¦ In expeditionibus teffellata et feclilia pavimenta. circumtuliffe. Thefe;
if made of, fmall fquare marbles of many natural colours, were called Ai$opru]ce
(i.e. teffellatis.lapillisfirata) ; but if of fmall bricks or tiles, artificially tinged with
colours, tinged or polifhed pavimenta tefpllata, or opera Mufiva, - i. e. what we call
Mofaic, but mofe properly Mufitique work." Salmafius fays, that the walls of
thofe were of timber and plafter, and the roofs covered by tiles and flates. Th
infide was ornamented with paintings in chequers, imitative of the pavements ;
which was confirmed by the fragments difcovered at Stunsfield. The preferva

e

tion

^14 GUILDHALL.
tion of thofe ingenious works is accounted for thus. When the Romans left Eng
land, the pavements, being laid in cement, were not eafily removed ; they there
fore deftroyed the fuperftructure, and carefully buried the pavement, in hopes of
a return in mqre profperous times. The above was a figure of Bacchus and a
panther." We will now examine what Maitland and his continuator Entick have faid
>.qf the origin of London. They admit, in the firft three lines, that it is
impoffible to fix the period of its foundation, becaufe no records, or any kind of
-written or fculptured evidence, ever exifted amongft the very, very antient Bri
tons ; whofe bards, inferior in attainments to their Druids, committed no hiftori-
cal facts to • pofterity otherwife than by traditionary fongs, which celebrated
heroic achievements, and incited valour. From this acknowldgment they pro
ceed directly to Mr. Strype's book, and very fairly transfer his text relating to
Geoffry of Monmouth (a little difguifed to their own pages) ; which they dif-
prove by a long extract from Casfar's Commentaries, ufed for the fame purpofe by
the learned editor of Stow. This part of the Commentaries, however, eftablifhes
nothing more, than that furious battles were fought by the Britons in defence of
their native land, and that England was then without a capital ; which might be
inferred from every line in the work of that great commander alluding to this country.
After a juft tribute of praife to the talents of Sir Chriftopher Wren, Mr. Entick
quotes his words from Parentalia, p. 264, which amount to a pofitive affertion,
ithat, becaufe the Britons traded to Gaul hr-veflels covered with hides, their prin
cipal emporium mujl be London, whofe name was derived "from the old Britifh
term of ShipM/, or otherwife a harbour of fhips."
The abfurdity of thofe pofitions need noi be pointed out; bat, if hiftoric facts
are to be eftablifhed by muft he's, harbours and fhip hills can never be reconciled ;
fo that, in my opinion, "Sir Chriftopher leaves the capital involved in as much
iobfeurity as Geoffry of Monmouth.
The Hiftory of London then refers to Dr. Woodward's little treatife, the. fub
ftance of which has been already given ; afterwards endeavours to fix the fite
of the ford in the Thames, ufed by both patties in the war ; and recapitulates
Stillingfleet's objections to the exiftence oi Lor. .7n previous lo the arrival <>* the
Romans; concluding this part of the fubject by a n>ng, a.;d abfolutelvnu.cuious,-
though ferioufiy intended, argument againft; the fable of the fabricator of iiiftoryj
antient Geoffrey. The

GUILDHALL. ^*
The next giant overthrown is the Surrey London, before flain by the indefati
gable Woodward.
The quotations from the Parentalia need not be retailed from this work, as Sir
Chriftopher Wren has fpoken for himfelf in another place. Maitland next intro
duces Claudius, after his arrival in England, and the junction of his army with
that of Plautius, the praetor, which, paffing the Thames near Chelfea college,
routed the Britifh forces, killed their chief Togodumnus, reduced Qamalodunum,
the refidence of the royal Cynobelin; and, having thus begun the work of con
queft, the Emperor retired to Rome, to receive the honours of a conqueror, leav
ing the prcetor to complete his wifhes. Pie, however, was recalled, and Oftorius
Scapula fucceeded him ; who found the Britons recovering tlieir loffes. This
General thought it expedient to eftablifh colonies, in order to fecure his uncer
tain poffeflions, about A. D. 49 ; which period is conjectured by the author to
have witneffed the foundation of London. If fo, the increafe of the ciry muft
have been wonderful beyond example ; for Tacitus, who is the firft author that
mentions London, places Suetonius Paulinus at Anglefey in the year 64, where
he was employed in reducing that ifland and it's neighbourhood ; while Boadicea, .
queen of the Iceni, or the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, and Hun
tingdon, collected her fubjects, and advanced towards London, then celebrated
for " its great number of merchants and plenty of merchandize," exactly fifteen
years after the foundation. The cruel Queen, finding the city abandoned, by the
Romans, entered it with her army, who firft pillaged the inhabitants, afterwards
murdered them without diftinction, and burnt their houfes. The perfons de
ftroyed by this excellent Queen are faid to have been 70,000 ; one half of which
our author fuppofes were citizens of London. Thofe, added to the number that:
fled with Suetonius, or joined his army, may be taken at 8000 ; which makes a
population of 43,000, exclufive of the Roman foldiers and their connections, all
aggregated in fifteen years.. However, this wonderful increafe is fupported by the
abfolute power and rapid, improvements of the Romansj and -the example of
St. Peterfburg.
But there is one circumftance, overlooked by our hiftorians, which militates
againft the Romans having fifi chofen London as the'fite of a capital. We all
know that our metropolis is valued for its diftance from the fea, which renders it
fale ;-om any fudden attack by invaders from die continent. Admitting this fact,
why did invaders choofe the prefent fite?. Is it not more probable that that
circumftance

3-16 GUILDHALL.
circumftance pointed it out originally to the Britons, together with other natural
advantages, obvious to the moft inattentive obferver. In fhort, the inftinct
which actuates even the moft unenlightened favages would have operated in
leading the inhabitants of this ifland to fix upon this fpot for their great town. If
we are inclined to allow them rather more civilization than is found amongft the
natives of the countries explored by Captain Cook, it may be readily imagined
that the art of building fome defcription of veffels was known to them. When it
is remembered that France lyes full in fight of Britain, and that the inhabitants
could not walk on their cliffs without beholding it, can it be fuppofed for one
moment that the activity of the human mind lay entirely dormant, that no wifhes
arofe or ideas p*refented themfelves how they might reach the unknown fhore ?
Impoflible ! who taught the Oraheitans, the New Zealanders, and the inhabitants
of the Friendly Iflands, how to conftruct their veffels, lafh feveral together fo as
to accommodate ioo warriors, nay to ornament them with even elegant carvings,
but the great Author of Nature ? Will any one affert that thofe places were
.created iince Britain, or that they were inhabited at any other period than when
it pleafed God to create the univerfe, or that thofe people were lefs enlightened
at their creation than at prefent ? Admitting that they were, fhall we prefume to
fuppofe that the people who could elevate or convey from place to place fuch
ftones as compofe our Britifh temples or monuments, knew not how to build a
canoe or veffel capable of navigating a ftrait of perhaps not more than twelve
miles in width, at the diftance of fome thoufand years, when we are aware that it
is now annually widening ? Or, fuppofing the Britons to have been ignorant of
the ufeful art of conveyance by veffels, or to have loft all traces of the mode by
which the ifland was peopled, were the Gauls deftitute of penetration ? England
lay equally before them. A fhell laid carefully on the water, or accidentally
dropped, is a hint for a boat ; a femicircular fragment of bark another ; a hollow
tree, rendered fo by decay, fuggefts excavation by, art ; accordingly, we find the
North American Indians univerfally poffeffed of canoes made of large folid trees.
The thought once adopted, the labour was difregarded by a people who felt none
of our fantaftical wants, and confequently were not employed in providing for
them. Admit one boat, of whatever defcription, to have reached England from
France, or France from England, excluding the poffibility of arrivals from
nations more enlightened and more remote, and all difficulty vanifhes ; inter
courfe between countries feparated by the fea muft produce traffick or exchanges ;
and

GUILDHALL. 517
and thofe individual difTentidn, the parent of the moft fanguinary wars. England
is a fmall ifland ; the continent comparatively boundlefs : where then was its inha
bitants to place their metropolis, but on a river calculated to fecure their barks in
peace, and their property in war ; but at a diftance from the fea too fhort to
impede trade, yet too great to enable their enemies to advance upon them before
they could remove their families and effects ? The fuperior numbers of their
neighbours muft have rendered the Britons always fearful of furprize. Who then-
fhall venture to name the period when London was originally founded, or when
the Iflanders firft vifited the Continent, or the inhabitants of the continent firft
vifited them, after the grand defcent was forgotten ? Fully convinced that
conjecture is abfurd on fuch fubjects, I fhall conclude with my conviction, that
England and the Continent were mutually explored at a period coeval with thofe
of any other countries, feparated by narrow feas.
That the Romans exalted London far beyond the utmoft efforts of the
Britons, cannot be doubted ; but that they abfolutely and originally founded
it, is by no means clear to me. Whether the Romans adopted fome Britifh
word for the name of ¦ this city,' may never be difcovered with certainty. If
they did, it was Latinifed into Londinium. The learned Littleton derives it
thus ; " Londinium, Tac. ; Londonia, Bed. ; Augufia Trinobantum, Amm. ; Colonia
Augufta, Tac. ; Lundain, Brit. qu. Llan Dian, i. Fanum Dianse et Caerlud, qu.
urbs Ludi Regis, cujus nomen et porta vetufta prae fe fert Ludgate dicta ;
Londres Gall."
The extreme vanity fhall never be imputed to me of endeavouring to
decide whence England was originally peopled. If fpeculators will prove that
Noah colonifed the fite on which his ark refted, and maintained it, without
fuffering emigrations, till population had increafed confiderably, I will endea
vour to trace the radii diverging from that centre, and thus attain the extreme
felicity of bewildering myfelf in a labyrinth of error and conjectures, whether
his defcendants embarked at the neareft or mpft diftant points of the Continent
from England.
Numberlefs difcoveries of remnants of Roman London have been related to the
publick. Of thofe I fhall mention only the moft important within the laft
century ; not to omit the infcription under the figure of a foldier of the
Vol. III. Uua fecond

518 GUILDHALL.
fecond legio Augufta dug up near Ludgate, and flow at Oxford * ; and the-
various earthen veffels found in making Fleet-ditch, and in Goodtnan's-
fields •%¦•
Roman Discoveries.
When the church of St. Mary Woolnoth was rebuilt, 1730, part of the
Roman London was difcovered, pointed out by a variety of earthen -veffels for
facred and domeftic ufes ; but thofe were all in fragments. Intermixed with
the general mafs were the tufks and bones of boars and goats, medals, and
pieces of metal, teffelated pavement, and part of an aqueduct; but the moft
ufeful difcovery was that of the well, clogged with dirt, which, now fupplies a
quantity of excellent water near the church tower. Other Roman antiquities
had been dug up in the foundation of Bifhopfgate church, a few yeaTS
before. In June 1774 the foundations of a large fugar-houfe were laid in the parifli.
of St. Mary Hill, when, upon removing the brick pavement of an old cellar,.
the workmen difcovered an earthen veffel, about 18 inches below it, placed
erect, within which was a fmaller one, with the mouth downwards. Thefe
contained a number of coins, . in various ftates of decay ; fome fo far reduced
by age as to crumble upon touching them ; others difcoloured, but when
rubbed found to be folid, and of filver ; while thofe within the fmaller
veffel were in the moft perfect prefervation. Amongft the latter lay a fibula
of fine gold, neatly wrought in filligree, with a fapphire in the centre, and
originally four pearls in the margin round it, though one had been loft.
Three or four hundred of 'the coins were carefully examined, more than half
of which were pennies of Edward the Confeffor. Many correfponded. with
Hickes's Thefaurus, No. 1, to 8, and 17, in tab. VI. and No. 25, 35, and 4a
in tab. VII. Others were pennies of Harold II. and William the Conqueror.
The largeft veffel was broken. It was made of a blueifh earth, in the fhape of
an urn, and was fuppofed to hold two quarts. One was made of a ftony granu-
* Gale's Antoninus. Camden, vol.11, p. 16, Marmora Oxon.
f Camden, ib. " feted

GUILDHALL. M9
>
fated texture, of a brown inclining to red colour, and had evidently been ufed as
a crucible. .
On digging deeper, fragments of Roman bricks, coins of Domitian of the *
middle brafs, and the bones of adults and children, were difcovered. Thefe
were defcribed in the Archaeologia, vol. IV. p. $$6, by Dr. Griffith, rector of
St. Mary Hill.
Archaeologia, vol. V. p. 291, contains a communication from the Prefident,
which relates, that, in Sept. 1777, workmen, digging the foundation of a new •
office for the Board of Ordnance in the Tower, difcovered foundations of antient
buildings at a very confiderable depth. Below which, on the native earth, lay
an ingot of filver, in the fhape of a double wedge, 4 inches long, a| broad in
one part, and if in another, and 4 °f an inch thick in the middle. On the
centre was impreffed, in Roman letters, ex offic. honorii. Near it were
found three aurei, one of the Emperor Honorius, the other two of his brother
Arcadius, all in excellent prefervation, and each weighing 73 Troy grains, the
fixth part of a Roman ounce. The workmanfhip, reverfes, and legends of thefe
medals were fo much alike, that little doubt can be entertained of their having
been ftruck at the fame time, at the fame mint. The Prefident fuppolVs them to
have I}een made at Conftantinople, where the great Imperial mint was eftablifhed
for the coinage of gold, from the period that Conftantine conftituted that city
¦the feat of his empire. How they found their way to England, is a fubject for
•much conjecture : the fact of the finding is fufficient in this place.
Thofe, and a ftone, a fmall glafs crown, and a ring, fuppofed to be made
of a flieU, were at a great depth from the furface, and probably below the pre
fent bed of the river Thames. The ftone was two feet 8 by two feet 4- A
tablet on the front was infcribed, dis' manb' t. licini acan'vs f, which the
Prefident reads Diis manibus Titi Licinii Aftanus fecit , or Titus Licinius Afcanius fecit,
or the final f may ftand for frater or filius. The crown he fuppofes belonged ,
to a fmall ftatue. The rifig had fome imperfect letters, and a piece of filver
inlaid, not unlike a crown. Several, coins, and jettons of bafe metal, were difco-
yered at the fame time.
When the common fewer was made through Lombard-ftreet, at the clofe of
the year 1785, the labourers difcovered many fragments of earthen ware and tef-
Uuu a felated

£20 GUILDHALL.
felated pavements. One of thofe was fituated near Sherborn-lane, and compofed
of bricks about an inch fquare, which were firmly cemented by fine mortar.
Between this and the Poft-office a wall was found, perforated perpendicularly by
two flues, one circular and the other fquare. Oppofite the Poft-office lay a
pavement, or floor, of common Roman bricks, about 18 inches by 12.
On the Eaft fide of the houfe numbered 11 in the plan engraved in the Archae
ologia*, lay another pavement, about 10 feet from the furface, formed of red
and black bricks, and fome white ftones, but not difpofed in regular figures.
It was more decayed than the firft. This, and moft of the others, were laid
on three diftinct beds of mortar; the loweft very coarfe, mixed with large
pebbles, and about 3 inches thick ; the fecond, of fine mortar, reddifh coloured,
from having been mixed with brick-duft, very hard, on this the bricks were
laid in fine white cement.
Facing Abchurch lane were two walls of rough ftone, which extended North
and South, eight or ten feet afunder. Between them lay black wood, apparently
burnt. In other parts of Lombard-ftreet and Birchin-lane, large quantities of oyfter-
fhells were found, at the fame depths as the pavements, intermixed with thofe of
the mufcle. Further Eaft, the workmen difcovered another teffelated pavement,
but fo much decayed that it fell to pieces ; with fragments of porous bricks, from
an inch and a half to two inches in thicknefs ; other common pavement, and one
compofed of black and white ftone, in fizes about T of an inch fquare. Two
chalk walls croffed the ftreet, at a few feet diftance from each other ; a fecond
projected from the South fide ; another common pavement, and near it were
pieces of plaftered walls, painted red, with a border of black.
Oppofite the end of Nicholas-lane was -a chalk-wall; clofe to which a great,
number of brafs coins were depofited, of rude workmanfhip, which appeared to
be of Tetricus.
At the South-weft corner of Birchin-lane a wall of Roman bricks and. ftone
projected from the North fide of the trench ; a little beyond was a fecond, from
the South ; and a third to the Eaft of Birchin-lane, parallel to the laft. In this
lane other ruins of ftone walls were found ; with fragments of painted plafter ; and
* Vel. VIII. pi. V*. p, 1.16. the

GUILDHALL. 521;
the corner of a very fine teffelated pavement,- compofed of black, red, green,
and white, ftones and brick, forming a beautiful border. This, extended under
the foot-way and houfes, the foundations of which had probably deftroyed the
centre. In Lombard-ftreet and Birchin-lane great quantities of Roman earthen
ware were thrown out by the workmen, chiefly in fragments, with coins of Clau
dius, Nero, Galba, and other emperors, down to Conftantine, of gold, filver,
and copper, handles, and pieces of glafs urns and bottles, Roman keys, horns -
and bones of various animals. Nearer the furface were Queen Elizabeth's coins, .
Nuremberg counters,. &c.
Thefe difcoveries are accurately defcribed, and illuftrated by many plates, -
in the eighth volume of Archaeologia,; in letters addreffed to Meffrs, Gough and
Combe. At the end of the communication -. from the latter is a letter from
Sir John Henniker, who fays, "A large trench has been excavated in Lombard-
ftreet, for the firft time fince the memory of man, which is funk about 16 feet
deep. This foil is almoft uniformly divided into four ftrara-; the uppermoft,
13 feet 6 inches thick, of factitious earth; the fecond, 2 feet thick, of brick,
apparently the ruins of buildings ; the third, 3 inches thick; of wood afhes,
apparently the remains of a town built of wood, and deftroyed by fire ; the
fourth, of Roman pavement, common and teffelated. On this pavement, the
coin in queftion (a gold one of Galba) was difcovered ; together with feveral
other coins, and many articles of pottery. Below the pavement the workmen
-find, native earth. From the particular fituation of Lombard-ftreet, elevated
above the level of the marfhess and happily placed to enjoy the advantages of
the river, and from the appearances here fpoken of, it is prefumed that it confti
tuted part of the fite of the. antient Augufta."
• Of the recent difcovery this year (1804) in the ftreet before the Eaft India;
Houfe of a teffelated pavement, I can fay nothing, more than that I faw one
corner of it; and that an accurate engraving of it will foon appear, from a correct1.
^drawing by Mr. Fifher, engraved by Mr. Bafire.
The various places which afforded thefe difcoveries are uniformly contained :
within the limits- of the circuit mentioned by Sir Chriftopher Wren and '
Dr. Woodward; it is therefore evident that the extent of the city may be nearly.
•comprehended by thofe maps which mark the line of London wall. The nature ¦
of the private buildings, and the materials of which they were compofed, may be
readily conjectured : timber. and plafter perifh, fo as. to leave few traces after a.
lapfe -•

522 GUILDHALL.
lapfe of ages ,* ftone or brick may be moved from their places, but .they remain
in piles of rubbifh, or are incorporated into other walls. Roman bricks cannot
be miftaken, neither can thofe 'ftones which bear infcriptions ; but it may be
fafely afferted that nothing more can now be traced of Londinium, or Augufta, than
the fragments already mentioned ; all of which feem to prove, that the Romans
erected very few buildings of folidity in this metropolis, or that their ruins were
worked into fucceeding buildings. We have no fhafts of columns, no capitals,
no cornices, nor any large fquared plain ftones, demonftrative of ruins of magni
ficence ; the fplendour of Augufta was confined to the decorations of internal walls
and teffelated pavements.
In the difcoveries in Goodman 's-fields, principally of the fepulchral kind, and
thofe in Mary -le- bonne and St. Martin's parifh, mentioned in the new edition of
Camden, vol. II. p. 17, we trace the Romans without the walls.
London muft have relapfed, after the departure of the Romans, into compar
ative barbarity, the neceffary confequence of invafions by lefs polifhed nations.
Public ftructures were probably of the flighteft defcription, and the houfes of the
inhabitants little better than our cottages. We find the polifh of life wear away
during war in far more enlightened times. The walls, no matter by whom firfi
•built, muft have been the principal object of attention.
Thofe who could erect cromlechs, and other maffes of ftone fcattered about the
kingdom, could not be ignorant of the means to lay heavy ftones on each other as
a wall. Ditches and banks are the refult of invention, and upon them were
placed the fence of ftones. Banks remain for ages, time has little effect on
them ; but walls, not cemented, may be difplaced without leaving a trace be
hind. Britifh temples or monuments remain ; and on thefe I ground my
affertion, that the Britons had a knowledge in mechanicks, at leaft equal to
their invaders. Let the ,boafted power of even Archimedes fhew an exifting
proof of greater fkill in railing weights. Nay, I infift, that all Italy cannot pro-
, duce more ftupendous efforts of human labour. The works of the Romans are
now mouldering into duft in their fplendid city ; but the works of our Aborigines
mock the efforts of Time, and will for ages after Rome has not a remnant
left. I will go one ftep farther, and fay, that the Britons were even. greater
architects than the Romans ; and, however abfurd their ideas of Religion, they
•jvere at leaft equal to thofe of their invaders, which were diftinguifhed by cruelty and

GUILDHALL. 523
and hateful obfcenity. The Roman inclofed his gods within a diminutive temple,
adorned with all the minutiae of the moft exquifite ornaments of fculpture, which
¦he candefcended to borrow from the Greeks ; but the Briton chofethe unbounded
fpace above him for his vault ; and, imitating Nature's favourite outline, formed
an immenfe circle of pillars, unequal to the vaftnefs of his conception, but
figurative of omnipotence ; arid there performed his rites, before the Author
of all, in a manner which he deemed acceptable to him. floweverthe walls
of Verulam and other ftations bear the marks of Roman workmanfhip and
materials, is it probable that the antient Britons were ignorant of the ufe and
neceffity of walls previous to the arrival of the Romans ?
When .Britain fell under the attacks of the Romans-, it was cuftomary for
the writers of that nation to fpeak of the inhabitants, as a fet of brutes : might not
a parallel be brought to this conduct in more modern times ? Are .there no French
¦Republican authors who have found Europe in a ftate of barbarifm ? have not
armies vifited Italy, the Netherlands, Holland, and even Egypt, for the benevolent
purpofe of civilifing and emancipating the inhabitants, immerfed, according to their
accounts, in miftaken ideas of religion and government.
I pafs over the military government of London, as poffeffed by either Britons,
Romans, or Danes ; and at once defcend the ftream of time to the portgreves of
Edward the Confeffor, and thofe fubfequent to the Conqueft, the bailiffs, and
finally the mayor, aldermen, and common council, who appear to have affem<-
bled in the prefent parifh of St. Mary Aldermanbury.
I muft candidly acknowledge, that I am not aware of any unknown/ facts
relating to the prefent Guildhall : Stowe has anticipated every thing I can fay
upon the fubject, except in the deferiptive part. That author quotes Fabian,
who fays the Hall was rebuilt fubfequent to the year 141 1, by Thomas Knowles.,
mayor, and the corporation of London, with fums contributeriby the different
companies, and fines levied in various ways; and that feven years elapfed ere it
was completed. " In- the firft year of Henry VI. John Coventrie and John Car-
pentar, executors to Richard Whittington," gave 'aol. towards paving the Hall,
and added 15 more for the purchafe of Purbeck ftone, in the following year ; and
glazed many windows-, in each of which they placed- Whittington's arms. In
the 3d year of Henry VI. the foundation of the Mayor's- court was laid; and
in .the 4th that of the porch on the South fide of it. After which the Corpora
tion erected the Mayor's and Council chambers above flairs ;- and, laftl-y, the
great

;m* GUILDHALL.
igreat South porch, adorned with niches, and ftatues of Jefus, Law,' Learning,
Difcipline, Juftice, Fortitude, and Temperance.
Several aldermen glazed the Hall windows; and the kitchens, and other
appendages were built by the exertions of Sir John Shaw, mayor, about the
year .1501. He was the firft mayor who held the grand civic feaft there;
which has fubfequently increafed to the very acme of fplendor and hofpitality.
The adjoining chapel was founded by Adam Francis, and Henry de Frowicke,
with Peter Fanlore (who died before the charter of foundation was figned), in the
year 1368, and confirmed the day of the fignature by Simon Sudbury bifhop
¦of London. But it appears to have been confecrated by Sudbury's, predeceffor,
Northburgh, fome years before, to the honour of God and the bleffed Mary
his mother, Mary Magdalen, and All Saints ; ¦ for rive- chaplains, one of whom
was to be appointed Cujlos, who were to celebrate the offices of religion for the
health of King Edward III. his Queen, and fons, and the foul of Michael bifliop
of London, the good eftate of. the then bifhop, the mayor, fheriffs, and cham
berlain, and for the good eftate of the fouls of the founders, their relatives and
friends. The Mayor and Chamberlain of London were made fuperintendents
after the deceafe of the founders ; and the eftablifhment was endowed with three
.tenements, two in the parifh of St. Fcfter, and the third in that of St. Giles
•Cripplegate ; from the rents of which the Cuftos received 13, and ihe four
priefts 10 marks each. The overplus was kept in a cheft of three locks, and
expended in repairing the College. The keys were held ft verally by the foun
ders ; and after their deceafe by the Mayor and Chamberlain, the Cuftos, and
the four chaplains.
Henry VI. in confequence of a petition from the Corporation of London;,
-granted a licence, in the 8th year of his reign, for rebuilding and enlarging the
¦chapel, by adding the fite of the houfe of the Cuftos and priefts, who were tranf-
ferred, by this arrangement, to a meffuage on the North fide of Guildhall. The
fame Monarch, in the 27th year of his reign, permitted the parifh clerks of
London to found a guild of St. Nicholas, for two chaplains within it, and to keep
feven alms people. To thofe Henry Barton, mayor, Roger Depham, mercer,
And Sir William Langford, kriieht, each added chantry chaplains for them
felves and relatives.
Tonftall mentions but three priefts, as follows.
Sir Richard Cowper, chanter, 9I. goods 9I. fined il. 16s. ;
Sir

GUILDHALL. $z$
Sir John Lawlys, chanter, 7I. goods 7I. £n<;d il. 8s.
Sir Robert Tenet, ftipend 81. goods 6f, 13s. 8d. fined il. 8s.
Newcourt fays, " The Mayor and Chamberlain were patrons, and the Bifhop
of London ordiriary of this chapel ; and in Qct. 1542 Bifhop Bonnor made
ftatutes for the faid Cuftos and chaplains to obferve."
At the Diflblution the revenues were ftated to be 121. 18s. 9d. per annum ; and
Edward VI. granted the whole fite to the M^yor and commonaltyj in the 4th year
of his reign, to be held in fqcage of the rnarior of Eaft Greenwich.
The tombs in the chapel were defaced in Stpwe's time.
In Newcourt's time there was a weekly fervice, and annual ones at the elec
tion of the Mayor, on the day he went to Weftminfter.
Service has been celebrated there till very lately, but it is now difufed.
Stowe naentions a library on the South fide of the chapel^ built by the execu
tors of Richard Whittington, which belonged to Guildhall and the College.
Our wprthy old author adds, that three cars loaded with books were borrowed*
but never returned^ by Protector Somerfet.
Inside ojp Guildhali,*-
The firft objects attractive of attention in Guildhall are undoubtedly the
enormous figures, or giants ; but, as they are fecondary attractions in the fca!e P.f
art, I fhaJil beg leave to notice the works of Bacon in preference to them *.
William Beckford, efq. of Foothill, Wiltfhire, had the fingular honour of
bejjng .twice chief magiftrate of the C,ity of London. To which high .ftation he^
jyas ,cal)ed the fecond rtii#e for his very fpirited conduct in an unhappy difference
between the Monarch and the reprefentatives of the City of London, concerning
the ejection of members of parliament for the county of Middlefex.
fhe Lord Mayor, (cpnfcious of the importance of his fituation, ventured to
pronounce the following words, addreffed tp his Majefty, May 23, 1770, for
yrhich he receivetl the .thanks of Common Council, and -the honour of an
* Several pages might be filled by conjectures why thofe enqrmous figures were made, and placed
in their prefent fixations, but one line fhall content me. Perhaps they were intended to reprefent
antient Britons (never mind whether the coftume is right or wrong), as centinels, or, if you pleafe,
protedors, of th,e guardians of the City, 'who affemble beyond the door over which .they ftand.
Vol.HI. Xxx Unanimous

%26 GUILDHALL.
unanimous vote, July 6, 1770, " That a ftatue be erected to the memory
of the Right Hon. William Beckford, with an infcription, containing the
words his Lordfhip fpoke to his Majefty on prefenting the City remonftrance."
It is fomething remarkable that he died within a month after the fpeech was
delivered ; and it is highly probable the irritation of the times might have acce
lerated his diflblution,
" Moft gracious Sovereign ; Will your Majefty be pleafed fo far to conde-
fcend, as to permit the Mayor of your loyal City of London to declare, in your
royal prefence, on behalf of his fellow-citizens, how much the bare apprehen
fion of your Majefty's difpleafure would at ,all times affect their minds ? The
declaration of that difpleafure has already filled them with inexpreffible anxiety,
and with the deepeft affliction. Permit, me, Sire, to affure your Majefty, that
your Majefty has not in all your dominions any fubjects more faithful, more
dutiful, or more affectionate to your Majefty's perfon and family, or more
ready to facrifice their lives and fortunes in the maintenance of the true honour
and dignity of your Crown. We do therefore, with the greateft humility and
fubmiifion, moft earneftly fupplicate your Majefty, that you will not difmifs us
from your prefence without exprefling a more favourable opinion of your faithful
citizens, and without fome comfort, without fome profpect at leaft of redrefs.
" Permit me, Sire, further to obferve, that whoever ^has already dared, or
fhall hereafter endeavour, by falfe infinuations and fuggeftions, to alienate your
Majefty's affections from your loyal fubjects in general, and from the City of
London in particular, and to withdraw your confidence in and regard for your
people, is an enemy to your Majefty's perfon and family, a violator of the public
peace, and a betrayer of bur happy conftitution, as it was eftablifhed at the
glorious revolution."
The monument is at the Weft end of the Hall ; and, although infinitely
inferior to Mr. Bacon's fubfequent works, is a performance which exhibits
detached fpecimens of genius not then matured. A pair of neat brackets,
with a cornice,, form the bafe, on which the figure of the Lord Mayor is
placed. The right hand is elevated, and fpread ; the left fpread, but pendant ;
the head reclines towards the right fhouider ; arid that circumftance gives a
character directly the reverfe to that which the whole figure fliould have dif-
played, the firmnefs of independence, united with refpectful loyalty.
The emblematic ftatues of London and her commerce are feated on the pede-
¦ftal. Their character of regret militates againft elegance and fpirit in the atti
tudes.

GUILDHALL/ 527
tudes. We will therefore conclude by obferving, they are not fo badly executed
as to be undeferving of examination, nor fo finely but that they might have been
much better.
Mr. Beckford was a defcendant from Sir Thomas Beckford, knt. and fheriff of
London 1677; and of the opulent family of Jamaica, whofe heir has recently
exhibited fuch a fervid predilection for architecture and the polite arts.
On the North fide of the Hall is the cenotaph of William Pitt, earl of Chatham,
by Bacon, erected in purfuance of a vote of the Common Council of London ;
who had previoufly entreated that his body might be depofited in the metropoli
tan church of St. Paul.
The character and political conduct of this great ftatefman, and his private
hiftory, are fo well known to the publick, and will be fo to pofterity, by a
-thoufand channels, that any thing more than a defcription of the cenotaph would
be unneceffary.
The defign confifts of a pedeftal, on which is a gentle rife or bank, fupport
ing a dark marble pyramid. Britannia is feated on her lion, in the fore-ground ;
and receives into her lap the contents of a cornucopia, brought by the Four
Quarters of the World, reprefented by infants.
. The Genius, or Protectrefs, of London, has recovered her fpirits in this
performance, and confidently and gracefully prefents Commerce to the protection
of the Earl, who has already affectionately placed his right hand on her fhoulder.
He ftands erect, in the coftume of a Raman fenator, and fupports his left arm on
the helm of ftate, gracioufly attending to the recommendation of the Guardian.
Genius of this our Imperial City.
The admirer of the art of fculpture muft view this cenotaph with double
intereft, as it is placed within view of an earlier performance, by the fame
mafterly hand. He will perceive the wonderful improvement x>f the artift in the
revolvings of a few years, and admire the growth of judgment, and difcriminar-
tion of character and attitude, with the general diffufion of grace throughout
every feature and limb of the feveral ftatues, compared with the Beckford
monument. Mr. Bacpn received 3000 guineas for this beautiful work, completed
in 178a.
The infcription is very deficient in elegance of language; but the ideas are,
good, and faithful to hiftoric truth. ¦'¦
Xxx a <vln

528

xjuildhAll.

c£ in grateful acfendwledgemeht to' the Suprefhe Difpofer of Events, who,
intending to advance this Katibn for fuch time as to his wifdom feerried good
to an high pitch of profperity and glory, by unanimity at home ; by confidence
and reputation abrbad ; by alliances wifely chofen, arid faithfully obferved ;
by colonies united and protected ; by decifive victories by fea and land ; by
conquefts made by arms and generofity in every part of the globe ; by cotri-
merce, for the firft time united with, and made to flourifh by war ; was
pleafed to raife iip, as a principal inftrument iri this fhfembrable work,
.WILLIAM PITT.
" The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, mindful of the benefits
which the City of London received, in her ample fhare in the general prof
perity, have erected, to the memory of this eminent ftatefman and powerful
orator, this monument, in her Guildhall, that her citizens may never meet for
the tranfaction of their affairs without being reminded, that the means by which
Providence raifes a Nation to greatnefs are the virtues infufed into great men ;
and that to withhold from thofe virtues, either of the living or of the dead,
the tribute of efteem and veneration, is to deny to themfelves the means of hap-
pinefs and honour.
" This diftinguilhed perfon^ for the fervice rendered to King George II. and to
King George III. was ereated EARL OF CHATHAM.
*' The Britifh Nation honoured his memory With a public funeral ; and a pubfe
monument, amongft her illuftrious men in Weftminfter abbey."
The paintings in this part of the building are numerous ; and are por
traits of monarchs, their conforts, and judges. Of the former, William III.
Queen Mary^ Queen Arine, GePrge I. George II. Queen Caroline, George III. and
Queen Charlotte. Mary was painted by Vander Vaert ; and the reigning mon
arch, and hrs Corifort, by Ramfey. Thofe were placed in fucceffion, immedi
ately after the cdrPnafiori of each^ when it is cuftomary for the King, to dine
with the Lord Mayor of London.
The judges were all painted by Michael Wright^ who received 6ol. for each;
except the portrait of Lord Camden, which is from the pencil of Sir Jofhua
Reynolds. To account for fuch an aflemMage of reverend learned gentlemen, it
will

GUILDHALL. S29
Will be necdffafy to mention, that they were the court of judicature, appointed by
act of parliament, to fettle the confufed and difcordarit claims of proprietors after
the dreadful fire of 1666 ; which they did, greatly to the fatisfaction of the
citizens of London, as the pictures teftify. The portrait of Lord Camden is a
fpontaneous effufion of gratitude to a chancellor highly efteemed and venerated.
An exeellerit little publication, printed in 1783 for Mr; Nichols, intituled,
" London's Gratitude," which contains an account of the fculpture and paint
ings in Guildhall, with biographical notices of the different perfons whofe monu
ments and portraits adorn the walls, has the following note, page 19.
" When Guildhall Was repaired, in 1779, all the portraits (except the modern
ones) were in fo bad a condition that it became a matter of doubt whether they
were to be reftored to their places, or committed to the flames. The committee
of city lands^ who were to decide their fate, divided equally on the queftion ;
and it was to the honour of Mr. Alderman Town fend (the chairman of that com-
tnittee)^ whofe vote determined their being cleaned and replaced."
The conftant eipofure to which every article in the Hall is liable, of damp iii
Wiflter and duft in fummer, with a conftant and frefll fupply of fmoke, condenfed
in this very Centre of the city, accounts for the deplorable ftate of the paintings
in 17 f^- Indeed they are alrhoft reduced to the fame pitiable condition again.
This circurriftance, their extreme height, arid the fimilarity of red robes arid
monftrous Wigs, prevent a poffibility of defcription without fatiguing the reader.
The architecture of the great hall is ift its tttigmal ftate, only in the lower.
tfang'e of windows, which are pointed, and boUndtd by tiers of trefoil pannels.
The cluttered pillars between thofe, and the various arcades "under them, are
Very beautiful. Neither are the great Eaftern and Weftern windows lefs fo ;
Which are eXquifitely divided by mullions and tracery, in our beft antient florid
ftyle. CojSi*on GoWCiiL Chamber.
This is a large plain room, on the North fide of the Hall, .\vhofe cieling forms
a dome, with a fky-light in the centre, which affords an admirable light for the
pictures that decorate the dark-red walls ; chiefly prefented by the bountiful
hand of the venerable Alderman Bpydell, to whom the Arts, and their profeffors
in England, are infinitely indebted. The dome commences from four Tufcan arches,

SS9 GUILDHALL.
arches, on which it is formed into a huge efcalloped fhell. The angles in the
four corners under this are painted with emblematic reprefentations of Providence,
Innocence, Happinefs, and Wifdom.
At the Weft end of the room, and directly over the Lord Mayor's chair,
which is feated with red velvet, and the arms and hack gilt, is the immenfe
painting of the deftruction of the floating batteries before Gibraltar, by Copley ;
voted by the Corporation, to commemorate the gallant defence of the place/by
Lord Heath field, in 178a.
To defcribe this piece, and do juftice to its merits, would require many
pages. The picture is divided into two groupes ; and the principal lights are,
the fmoke from the fire of the garrifon, and the Commander in Chief's white
horfe on the right, and the finking failors with the flames of their veffels on the
left. There are nineteen figures as large as the life, which are chiefly, if not
all, portraits, which conftitute the whole of the Britifh party fhown on .the firft-
mentioned fide. The faces are excellent, moft exquifitely finifhed, and full of
eager attention ; but the figure of the General in Chief is too much obfcured
by the intervention of his horfe's head, which hides every part of him but half
of the left arm, the right arm, and the head and neck. Thofe being covered
with fcarlet drapery, and the black hat, make an odd break between the white
horfe and white fmoke. In addition fo this may be noticed the apparent danger
of bringing fo fiery a charger to the very brink of ramparts over-hanging the fea;
.and thofe not two feet higher than the platform, where the artillery muft have
ferved a 24-pounder, on which feveral of the figures reft abfolutely without cover.
To mention all the defects obfervable together, Mr. Copley has placed a flag-
ftaff directly on the cat-head of one of the Spanifh veffels, where no feaman could
poflibly permit it to be, as it would effectually impede the railing of the fhip's
anchor ; and the flames are badly drawn ; the fmoke worfe. The groupe of
intermixed Spaniards and Englifhmen is finely contrafted ; and much art is
difplayed in the drawing of .the various expreflions of terror and humanity.
There are, on the North and South walls, feveral other pictures on the
fame fubject. They are four in number, and reprefent the Englifh lines within
the town,' with the houfes burning, and in ruins. Another is a view from
the fea, and the blowing up of the veffels. A third is the Britifh fleet bearing
down to the relief of the fortrefs. And the fourth, a fecond view of the burning
veffels.
On

GUILDHALL. , 531
On the South wall, and near the Lord Mayor's feat, a half-length of Marquis
Cornwallis, leaning the left hand on a rock, and the right fupported by his cane;
the head uncovered. On the North wall, Lord Heathfield, by Sir Jofhua Rey
nolds in his beft manner, with a key held by both hands. Under thofe pictures
are two others, extremely fine, and very characteriftic, by Northcote, reprefent
ing the male and female tiger.
Befides thofe, there are portraits of Lords Howe, Nelfon, arid Duncan, neither
of which appear to poffefs any particular merit in the painting or drawing.
In the centre of the South wall is the large, and in many refpects excellent,
picture of the death of David Rizzio.' Below it, the " Miferies of Civil War,"
from Shakefpeare *; and "Domeftic Happinefs," exemplified in fancied portraits
..of an alderman and his family.
On the North wall, the death of Wat Tyler. Part of this picture poffeffes great
merit ; but the King's horfe is fmothered with drapery.
• The wall without the inclofure fupports two indifferent fea-battles ; portraits
of Lord Hood and Lord Rodney ; and prints cf the different new docks.
On the Eaft wall, above the chimney, is the model, by Banks, of the alto
relievo executed by him for the front of the Shakefpeare Gallery, in Pall Mall;
and two pictures,- reprefenting the proctffion of the Lord Mayor to Weftminfter-
hall by water ; and the ceremony of fwearing in Mr. Alderman Newnham, as Lord
Mayor, in Guildhall, in 1781, confifting' of portraits of almoft all the principal
members then in the Corporation of London.
Above thofe is an admirable portrait of Alderman Boydell, as Lord Mayor; and
pictures of Minerva and Apollo ; over which are three very fine imitations of alto-
relievos. An engraved plate, above the marble of the chimney, records the following
refolution. " At a court of common-council, Feb. 2,7, 1800, on the motion of
Mr. Deputy Goodbehere, it was refolved, That the members of this Corporation,.
" grateful for the delight afforded them, as often as they affemble in this Court, by
the fplendid collection of paintings prefented by Mr. Alderman Boydell, enter
taining an affectionate fenfe of the honour done them by that celebrated patron
of arts, and proud. of the relation in which they ftand to him'as fellow-citizens,
do, in teftimony of thofe feelings, requeft him to fit for his portrait, to an artift
of his own choice : confcious however, that hereby they are only requefting him
* See his- Henry the Fourth. tOi

532 GUILDHALL.
to confer a new gratification on themfelves and their fucceffors, and unwitting
that, amidft fuch and fo many remembrances of fublime characters and illuftrious
actions, his portrait fhould be wanting, who, difcerning in the difcovery, and
•munificent in the encouragement, of merit in others, combined in his own eha-r
racter private integrity with public fpirit, and folid honefty with a highly eultU
vated tafte. '
The Chamberlain's apartment is decorated in an elegant manner, with a
difplay of England's trophies of glory. Thofe are, the framed and glazed
copies, richly and beautifully illuminated, on vellum, of the votes of thanks
of the Corporation to the Heroes who have fignalized themfelves in main
taining the independence of Great Britain. They are twenty- two in number.
The firft, over the chimney-piece, is dated May 19, 1797, and to Sir Robert
Calder, firft captain of the fleet under the command of Sir John Jervis, for his
gallant behaviour on the 14th of February, in defeating the Spanifh fleet.
Adjoining are the thanks, voted March 10, 1797, to Rear Admiral Parker, for
his conduct on the fame day.
On the Weft wall, thofe of March 10, 1797, to Sir John Jervis, on the fame
occafion. Under it, the thanks of October 16, 1798, to Captain Sir Edward Berry,
the captains, officers, feamen, and marines, of Sir Horatio Nelfon's fleet,
for their gallant conduct in obtaining the victory of the Nile, Auguft 1, 1798.
1799, Sept. 13. To Sir Ralph Abercrombie, the general, officers, and foldiers,
of his army, for their bravery in effecting a landing in Holland, and thus cauf
ing the furrender of the Dutch fleet in the Texel, with a fword of 100 guineas
value, to Sir Ralph.
Under the above, the thanks of Oct. n, 1799, to Sir Sidney Smith,, for his
obftinate defence of Acre, againft the efforts of Bonaparte, with a fword value
100 guineas; and thanks to the officers, feamen, and troops, employed on that
occafion. In the centre of this wall hangs the beautiful engraving of Lord Nelfon's offi
cial letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty, informing him of his victory, exe
cuted by Tomkins.
Under it is the copy of the thanks of Oct. 16, 1798, to LordNelfon, for his
conduct in obtaining the victory of Auguft 1, off the Nile, and the vote of a
fword value 200 guineas. 1800,

GUILDHALL. 533
1800, Match 6. To' Sir Edward Hamilton, knt. commander of the Surprize,
of 32 guns, for his gallantry in recapturing the Hermione, of 44 guns, under the
fort of Cavello, mounted with 200 pieces of cannon ; and a gold box value 50
guineas. Under the above thofe of March 10, 1797, to Commodore Nelfon, for his
courage and conduct on the 14th of February; and a gold box value 100 guineas.
1799, Sept. 13. To Vice Admiral Mitchell, the captains, officers, and fea
men, and marines, for compelling the furrender of the Dutch fleet in the Texel j
with a fword of 100 guineas value to the Admiral.
1797, March 1 o. To Vice Admiral Thompfon ; and a gold box value 100
guineas. 1792, Oct. 4. To Major General William Medows, for his gallantry in the
Eaft Indies.
1797, Oct. 19. To Sir Richard Onflow, for his eminent fervices as vice
admiral of the red, under Lord Duncan, in the victory obtained over the Dutch
fleet ; and a fword of 100 guineas value.
1794, May 27. To Sir Charles Grey, his- officers and foldiers, for their gal
lantry in the Weft Indies.
1797, Oct. 19. To Lord Duncan, admiral of the blue, for obtaining the
victory over the Dutch fleet in the above month; with a fword value 200
guineas. 1797, March 10. To Vice Admiral Waldegrave, for. his conduct in the
action with the Spanifh fleet, Feb. 14 ; and a gold box value 100. guineas.
1794, June 18. To Earl Howe, his officers and failors, for defeating the
French fleet.
1794, May 27. To Sir John Jervis, his officers and failors, for their meri
torious conduct in the Weft Indies.
1792, Oct. 4. To Marquis Cornwallis, for his atchievements in the Eaft
Indies. 1795, Oct. 8. To Lord Bridport, for his victory over the French fleet,
June 23. . .
1798, Dec. 6. To Sir John Borlafe Warren, for his general conduct during
the war, and particularly for his victory over the invading French fleet on the
coaft of Ireland ; with a gold box value 160 guineas.
Vol. III. Yyy Ml

534 GUILDHALL.
All thofe officers received the freedom of the city with the thanks of the Cor
poration. The emblazoned arms of the perfon who receives the thanks is uniformly
placed over the vote, and the city arms below it. And the border is compofed
of fuch emblems and trophies as are fuited to the action recorded.
There are feveral other apartments which are deferving of attention, particularly
the old council chamber, in which the court of Aldermen hold their, meetings, which
has a painted and gilt cieling, perhaps rather too much loaded with decorations.
Bragg fays, in his Obferver, Dec. 2,5, 1706, " I was hemmed- in like a wreftler
in Moorfields ; the cits begged the colours taken at Ramifies, to put up in Guild
hall. When I entered the Hall, I proteft, mafter, I never faw fo much joy in the
countenances of the people in my life as in the cits on this occafion ; nay, the
very Giants ftared at the colours with all the eyes they had, and fmiled as well
as they could ?" What became of thefe trophies ?
The South front of the Hall forms- the termination of King-ftreet, which
is too narrow to fhew more than one-third of the length of the building. The
Eaftern end of this front is obfcured by that of the chapel, an odd compound,
produced at various periods. It has a pointed arched door, and a large pointed
window of many mullions. Over the former j and before the latter, are three
decayed niches, with ftatues of the Grecian ftyle. The prefent facade of the
Hall was erected about 1789, after a defign, and under the direction, of Mr.
Dance, architect to the Corporation of London, whofe motto, Domine, dirige nos!
infcribed upon it, has been whimfically applied by the wits as an ejaculation expref-
five of regret, that the defign is fo extremely taftelefs ; which is, in truth, neither
Grecian, Saxon, Norman, fimple nor florid Gothick, though it approaches nearer
to the latter ftile than any of the former. The centre contains a pointed door, with
pillars and mouldings in the depth of the wall. This I prefume to be original.
On each fide of it are pilafters, with oblong and pointed pannels, as high as the
firings over the door, from whence, to the efcalloped battlements of the frOnt
they are fluted. Over the fluting they have the mace (one of the city infignia) ;
and they terminate with an enriched moulding, andnon-defcript pinnacles.
The fpace between thofe pilafters contains fix lancet-fhaped windows, in two
rows, the lower of which are longeft. The parapet of this part fupports the arms
of London. There are two other pilafters ; one at the Wfeft, and the other at the
Eaft

GUILDHALL. SSS
Eaft end of the faqade, exactly like the centre, except that the fluting is continued
to the bafe, and they are not fo high. The wings, if they may be fo termed,
have 24 windows, of unequal lengths, and in the lancet- fhape. Thofe, added to
the before-mentioned, amount to 30, feparated by very flender piers, making
the front one great lantern.
The Weft fide of this court, between the Hall and the Church of St. Lawrence,
is a plain collection of yellow bricks, pierced into windows, for convenience,
and without one attempt towards tafte in their difpofitiori ; but the bafement is of
the Tufcan order. They are ufed as rooms for the fitting aldermen ; and as
offices for the folicitor and remembrancer.
The Eaft end of the church of St. Lawrence is a chafte and elegant fpecimen,
in the Grecian ftyle, confifting of a bafement, Corinthian pillars, pilafters, an en
tablature, pediment, and Attick, with three arched windows, and feftoons over
them. The antient front of Blackwell-hall forms great part of the Eaftern fide, extend
ing from the chapel Southward. In the centre of this is an enormous Doric door-cafe,
of two pillars, with a divided pediment, in which is the royal arms. 18 windows in
three ftories, a cornice, and pediment over the centre, complete the front. The Hall
extends, in two extremely filthy courts, to Bafinghall-ftreet.
An elegant and convenient room is fitted up on the Eaft fide for the commif
fioners of the land-tax.
Having thus completed a view of the moft important parts, internal and exter
nal, for there is little worth notice in the various courts and offices within the
building, I fhall proceed to give an abftract of the various charters granted to
the governors and citizens of this great metropolis.
Charters.
William the Conqueror confirmed all the laws relating to this city which were
in force during the reign of King Edward ; and decreed that the fons of citizens
ftiould inherit of their fathers ; and no one to do wrong. -
Henry I. granted the county of Middlefex, on farm, to the citizens, for
300I. permitting them to appoint their own fheriffs, for keeping the pleas of the
Crown ; and no other to be juftices in their diftrict. But no citizen was to plead
without the walls. And they were exempted from foot and lot. If a citizen
Yyy 2 fhould

536 GUILDHALL.
fhould. be impleaded, he was permitted to exculpate himfelf on oath. But no-
perfon was to be compelled to refide within the walls. Citizens were exempted
from tolls throughout England, and granted permiffion to hold their fokes and
cuftoms. Strangers to pay cuftoms to pone but thofe to- whom the foke belonged-.
" He is not to be adjudged in amerciaments of money but of 100L" -The
huttings to fit every Monday, and no mifskenning in the courts of the ci;ty.
Every citizen to hold his property under the laws of the city. To which he
added, that debts contracted in London fhould be paid in London,, under pain
of execution levied on the debtor's goods ; and the Drivilege of hunting within
the counties of Surrey and Middlefex, and Chiltry.
Henry II. granted, that no citizens fhould, plead without the walls, except in
cafes of foreign tenures, except moneyers, or, as we term them, brokers, ftock-
brokers. lam. at a lofs to underftand the following claufe, '' To b« acquit of
murder." That they were not to<" wage battle," or, in other words, not tp, be
rebellious or riotous, and difcharge themfelves, of the pleas of the. Grown, is
readily underftood, but a general acquittal of murder; is a grant the City would
neither folicit nor accept at prefent. This King confirmed many other of their
rights, mentioned in their charter of Henry I. He added the freedom of Briftol,
and their cuftoms.
The charter of Richard I. is founded upon the- preceding ; but he permitted
the fheriff of London to recover tolls by feizure of the perfons goods who- exacted
them from a citizen in any part^ of the kingdom. Richard, in another, com^
mands all wears to be removed from the Thames, and forbids any to be put
in future ; and granted a quit-claim to the keepers of the Tower for dues which
he had demanded.
John's firft charter differed but little from the others. The fecond grants, that
the fheriffs fhall not be fined more than 20 1. for any offence committed by them ;
but in any criminal profecution they were to fubmit to the Juftices of the Exche
quer, according to the laws of the city; and forbids all injury to the citizens.
The third contains no. new privilege. But the fourth permits the barons of
London to choofe a mayor; who was to be prefented to him or his juftices fot
approval; to fwear fealty to him, to hold his office for a year,, or longer, if the
citizens thought. proper to re-elect him; but he referved the chambeilainfhip.,
His fifth, in the quaint language of my authority, "confirms," that the Guild o£
Weavers be no more in the city, nor fhall be at all maintained ; but, becaufe it
was

GUILDHALL. 537
was a cuftom yearly for them to pay 18 marks, they fhall pay the King 20 marks,
at Michaelmas, into the Exchequer."
Henry ill. in His firft charter, decreed permiffion to the citizens to appoint
and lemove their fheriffs at pleafure; requiring them to prefent them to his
juftices; and declared the City liable for fines levied on the Iheriffs. He granted
the vherifwtcks for 300I. per annum, and his protection to them. . What the King
feized, he allowed upon the farm. His fecond was founded upon the fourth of
John,. His third relates to the wears on the Thames. The fourth has but one
new clauie, which is, " To be quit from Briftol, Childwite, and Terefgite, and
of all fcotals, fo that the fheriffs of London, or any of the bailiffs, fhall not make
any fcotale." The fifth, WKwarrens Staines, granting the citizens and their
heirs liberty of warren and foreft, free of demands. The fixth relates to Queen-
hithe, and recites a covenant between the Earl of Cornwall and the City of Lon
don ;. by which the Earl granted, for him and his heirs, that the Mayor and
commonalty fhould hold the fame, with all liberties and cuftoms, in fee-farm, for
25I. at Eafter, and the fame fum at Michaelmas ; concluding, the King confirms
the grant. It is dated Feb. 6, 31 of his reign; The feventh grants, that the.
Mayor and citizens fliould hold all the liberties and free cuftoms which they had
in the time of King Henry his grandfather for ever; that they fhould prefent
their mayor to the barons of his Exchequer, in his abfence,. who were to admit
him to the office previous to his own confirmation on prefentation ; and allows 7].
per annum from the Exchequer ; part of the farm of the city to the flieriffs,. for
the liberty of St. Paul's.
The eighth was dated Jan. ix, 50th year. This permits citizens to trade with
their commodities throughput his dominions, by land or fea, without the pay
ment of cuftoms or tolls; and' enables them to refide in anyplace, till orders
were iffued by his council.
His ninth recites, that the City has lately been received into favour by him,
after having, by their repeated offences, forfeited both life and member ; but,,
upon fubmiflion, he renews the privileges already det^itd, excepting thofe things ,
which fhould happen to be 'done- againft his peace; which, according. to common
law, ufed to be determined where the trefpaffes were committed ; and pleas
concerning merchandize, that had been determined by law-merchant, in boroughs .
and fairs, which he now decreed fliould be decided by referees of four or five
Londoners prefent at the time, referving to himfelf the fines, under pain of for-
; 1 feiture, ,

538 GUILDHALL.
feiture. He alfo grants to the faid citizens acquittal of murder in the faid city
and portfoken ; and that none of the citizens may wage battle. " And that for
the pleas belonging to the Crown,- chiefly thofe that may chance within the faid
city, to difcharge themfelves of the pleas of the Crown, according to antient
cuftom of the city ; except that upon the graves of the dead, for that which they
fhould have faid if they had lived, it fhall not be lawful to fwear ; but, inftead of
thofe deceafed, which before their deaths to difcharge thofe which concerning
the things belonging to the Crown were called and received, there may other
free and lawful men be chofen, which may accomplifh that which by the deceafed
fhould have been done if they had lived." He makes them free of all duties,
except that upon wines, which was fixed at 20I. per ton, before and behind the
maft ; but provides that no one offer his goods for fale before the cuftoms were
paid, upon pain of forfeiture; and requiring them to be weighed at the King's
beam, under the fame penalty. Their debts he permits to be inrolled in the
Exchequer, upon the recognizance of thofe who ftand bound ; but requires four
or fix witneffes to anfwer the debts, or damages, on failure of the parties. The
expences of thofe who attended upon thofe occafions were remunerated by a levy
of one penny per pound upon the debt inrolled. His Majefty concludes with a
reservation of the" rights of the church of Weftminfter, promifing to confider the
cafes of the Jews and merchants ftrangers. -This charter is dated March 26,
1268. The charter of Edward I. bearing date April 18, 1298, contains an extenfion
of the privilege of acceptation of the Mayor, by deputy, in the Monarch's
abfence, to the Conftable of the Tower ; and exempts the citizens from pannage,
pontage, and murage, throughout his dominions ; with a renewal of other of their
rights. Edward II. Dec. 12, 1322, acknowledges his obligations to the City of London,
for men and money; and, being willing to reward them, declares their aid fhall
not be drawn into precedent by himfelf or heirs.
Edward III. granted, by confent of Parliament, a confirmation of their antient
liberties and cuftoms, and annulled all the violations of them. That the Mayor
fhould be, for the time being, one of the juftices affigned for the gaol delivery of
Newgate, granting the citizens the property of all felons convicted within their
liberties. We find from this charter, that the farm, of the fheriffwicks of London
and Middlefex had been raifed, contrary to their rights, to 400I. by the reftora tion

GUILDHALL. 539
tion to the original fum. He permitted them to bequeath their tenements in
mortmain, or otherwife, within their liberties ; and granted that the fheriffs
fliould be fined for efcapes of thieves, as other fheriffs South of the Trent ; and
that the City fhould not be chargeable for thofe who fled to churches for fanctu
ary within their liberties.
He commanded by this chatter that all foreign merchants fhould difpofe of
their imports within forty days after their arrival ; and permitted them to lodg6
with freemen of the city of London, and other cities and towns.
He granted that the city of London fhould be exempt from the jurifdiction of
his fteward, or clerk of the market; that the mayor fliould exercife the office of
efcheator,- under the oath of the office, within the liberties ; and that levies for
war fhould not be made per force within the fame. After which he forbad the
Conftable of the Tower to makev prize of, or arreft, any fhips or boats freighted
with provifions belonging to the citizens of London.
The citizens had certain perfons who held pleas, for themfelves and their
concerns, at fairs ; thofe he licenced, with the exception of pleas for land on the
Crown. He freed the fheriffs from any other oath at tbe Exchequer, except when
doling their year's accompts; renewed ajl their liberties; permitted them to record
them ; and one writ to be fufficient for each reign ; all fummonfes, attachments,
and executions, from the Crown, to be ferved by city officers ; forfeitures of
commodities to the fheriffs ; the citizens to be taxed in fubfidies and contribu
tions as other commoners, and to be exempted from all other tallages.
He granted that the privileges of the City fhould not be refumed for the
perfonal trefpafles of any of its officers ; or that any officers of his fhould make
a maximum for the citizens goods ; that no officers of his fhould meddle with
their offices. Alfo grants, " that the lands and' tenements lying without cf
the citizens, Which have or fhall be minifters of the City, be bound to keep
' the City harmlefs, againft him and his heirs, of things which concern their
offices ;"' that no market fhould be granted within feven miles of the city ;
.that " all inquifitions from henceforth fhall be taken by our juftices, or minifters
of the faid city, in St. Martin's le Grand," except thofe of the Tower,
and gaol-delivery of Newgate. And granted farther, that no citizen fliould
be impleaded in the Exchequer, unlefs it related to the King. Dated March 6,
1327. At

540 GUILDHALL.
At this period the City of London was greatly injured by the common practice
of perfons guilty of crimes, who fled into the, borough of Southwark ; where,
being under another jurifdiction,, they fet the city officers at defiance. Upon
their petition, Edward granted them the village of Southwark, for a certain
rent. The grant is of the preceding date.,
The third from this Monarch is a confirmation, and for removal of doubts,
dated March 26, 1337.
The fourth grants the royal permiffion for city ferjeants to bring maces of
gold or filver, bearing his arms, in the city and liberties ; and to meet himfelf,
his mother, the Queen, or princes, without the city, &c. Dated June 10,
*335- The fifth confirms the command, that merchants ftrangers fhall not keep
houfes within the country, but lodgings with the inhabitants; and ordains,
that all brokers fhall be of the myftery to which the trade belongs who appoints
him ; and forbids all merchants, not freemen of the city, to fell any wares
within it. The King on this occafion recites a petition againft the merchants
ftrangers ; and confents, with the concurrence of Parliament, that if the City
will govern itfeif well, that no ftranger fhall retail wines, keep houfe, or be
brokers, within the city and fuburbs, with an exception in favour of the mer
chants of Almain. Dated Dec. 4, 50 of his reign.
Henry IV. May 25, 1399, granted the government of Newgate and Ludgate,
and all the other gates and pofterns, to the City ; with the office for the recep
tion of tolls and cuftoms, in Cheapfide, Biilingfgate, and Smithfield, and the
weighing of lead, wax, and pepper, &c.
Edward IV. renewed all antient rights ; and grants that the mayor, recorder,
and aldermen who had ferved the office of mayor, fhould be juftices of the
peace ; commanding the fheriffs that they counfel and aid them in preferving the
peace, fecuring their cuftoms, &c. further than when iffue was taken in any plea
upon the cuftom of the City, before the judges or barons, the mayor and alder
men might orally confirm it, and it fhould be allowed, and no forfeiture
demanded. All denizens or aliens to contribute their proportion of taxation in
common with the citizens, merchants of Almain excepted. Aldermen are
exempted by this grant from being put on aflizes, attaints, or juries ; and from
appointments as afleflbrs or collectors out of London. Southwark confirmed to
the

GUILDHALL. 5*1
the: City ; and the ,fheriff of Surrey, with the King's clerk of the market,
excluded from jurifdiction within it. He grants them a fair of three days ; the
commitment of thieves to Newgate ;, and all his liberties within the fame, except
ing the Archbifhop of Canterbury's rights.
In his fecond, he granted tonnage and weighing; ordaining, that wool
fhould be weighed at Leadenhall only, and no other place within three miles
of it.
The third was purchafed by the City. The King granted them permiffion to
buy 200 marks per annum in mortmain ; and they remitted the fum of 1923I.
due from the King. To this he annexed the liberty of grants to the City in
mortmain. Edward IV. granted the office of packing to the citizens of London, for the
remiflion of 7000I. due to them from him. This charter was afterwards con
firmed by Henry VIII. under the fanction of an act of parliament. Edward
prefented them befides with the portage office of all goods and merchandize
of denizens and aliens ; with the permiffion to garble all fpices, and other
merchandize imported into the city, fubject to that operation and gauging ; and
the office of coroner.
Henry VII. " A grant for the merchandize of foreigners bought and fold
forfeited to the City ;" and a confirmation to the City of the cuftoms on the
goods of foreigners, with an exception, that ftrangers might buy articles in grofs,
but not to fell them again.
Henry VIII. in his firft charter, dated June 16, in the 10th year of his reign,
indulged the citizens with a removal of ihquifitionS from St. Martin's to Guild
hall, or any other place within the city, excepting thofe of Eyre at the circuits of
the Tower of London, and the goal delivery at Newgate. In his fecond he con
veyed the office of Keeper of the great beam for weighing all merchandize of
Avoir du pois. The weighing of lead, wax, pepper, &c. &c. was confirmed by
him, on the grant of Henry IV. To this he added the appointment of officers,
with power to remove them on mifbehaviour.
Edward VI. granted the Mayor and commonalty, for 647I. 2s. id. feverah
meffuages, tenements, clofes, and parcels of ground, in the borough of South
wark, excepting the houfe called Southwark-place, and the park and ground
called the Antelope. And, farther,- granted them the lordfhip and manor of
Southwark, with the appurtenances, as it belonged to the monaftery of Bermondfey;
Vol. IIL Zzz the

542 GUILDHALL.
the manor and borough of Southwark ; parcel df the poffeffions, with certain
rents, of the archbifhoprick of Canterbury; with all the woods, underwoods, foil,
and ground of the fame, with the reverfion and annual profits, in as full mannec
as enjoyed by the Duke of Suffolk, the Abbot of Bermondfey, or Archbifhop of
Canterbury. And, for 500 marks, granted in and through the borough of Southwark, and
the parifhes of St. Saviour, St. Olave's, St. George's, and St. Thomas's-hofpital,
Kent-ftreet, Blackmari-ftreet, and Newington, all waifes, ftrays, treafure, goods
of traitors, feforis, fugitives, outlaws, and deodands, with the affize and affay of
bread, wine, beer, and ale, and all provifions expofed to fale, and the punifh
ment of offending retailers of liquors, all fines and forfeitures the King's right,
and the execution of writs and warrants, and their returns; granting them, in
addition, a fair of three days continuance, on the 7th, 8th, and 9th, ofSeptem-
terober ; with a court of Pyepowder, for hearing all actions, plaints, and pleas,.
and all the rights belonging to it, with views of frankpledge, throughout the
whole of the precincts. "
The arreft of criminals, and their conveyance to Newgate ; the holding of
pleas, actions, and perfonal fuits, within the borough, before the Mayor,
aldermen, and fheriffs, at Guildhall ; and huftings to be held in the fame
way, in actions, &c. as had been in the court before the Mayor, &c. ; enabling
the ferjeants at mace to execute proceffes on thofe pleas, . as in the city of
London. Fines for defaults by jurors were to be levied by the London officers ;
the Mayor to have cognizance of perfonal actions arifing within the precincts
of Southwark, and the' iffues to be tried before the Mayor, aldermen, and
fheriffs, by the men of Southwark ; the Mayor to choofe two coroners in South
wark, to the exclufion of any other ;. the Mayor to be efcheator, with full
power to iffue his precept to the fheriff of Surrey, to execute fuch things as
belonged to the office ; the Mayor to be clerk of the markets, and himfelf and
commonalty to have all franchifes, tolls, tallages, packages, and other privileges
which were enjoyed by the Archbifhops of Canterbury; and to have the fame
jurifdiction as within the city of London. The Mayor, Recorder, and fuch
aldermen as had been mayors, to be juftices of the peace in the borough and
county of Surrey ; and to hold markets, in Southwark on Mondays, Wednefdays,
Fridays, and Saturdays. The

GUILDHALL. S43
The charter concludes with the enfuing refervations : the jurifdiction of the
capital meffuage and park; the King's Bench, as long as it is ufed for a prifon ;
the grant not to injure the fteward, or marfhal, of the King's houfe, nor Sir John
Gate, gentleman of the privy chamber, whofe premifes are valued at 35I. 14s. 4d.
fer annum.
The manors,- meffuages, and premifes, with the appurtenances, to be held as of
the manor of Eaft Greenwich, in the county of Kent, by fealty only, in free focage;
the King faving the Mayor, &c. harmlefs, againft all rents, corodies, and fums
of money whatever, charged on the premifes ; referving the fervices, and the
antient fee farm of iol. for the borough, payable by the Mayor arid commonalty
at the Exchequer.
The firft charter of James I. recites, that the Mayor and commonalty have
ever had the office of bailiff, and the confervancy of the river Thames, from
Staines-bridge, in the county of Middlefex, to Kendal, alias Yeuland, alias
Yeiilcete, towards the fea ; and, Eaft of Medway, the fhores and wears* of
both, with the fees and profits belonging to the office, and the meafuring of
coals and grain, fait, apples and other fruits, roots, and other articles brought into
the port of London by any veffels ; which having been difputed, the King
renewed and confirmed all thofe privileges by this charter.
In his fecond, James confirms the above, and all the other rights of the City ;
and grants that the city and its liberities extend through the circuits of
St. Trinity parifh, Aldgate, Duke's-place, St. Bartholomew's the Great and
Lefs, Black. Friers, White Friers, and the liberty of Cold Plarbour ; that tbe
inhabitants of thofe places be under the government of the City, except in the
Black and White Friers, where they are exempt from all taxes, &c. but thofe
for raiting and equipping foldiers, and for paying their fcavengers; not to be
fubject to choice for conftables or fcavengers within the city ; but the freemen
of the two places are eligible to ferve the offices of mayor, fheriffs, &c. as other
freemen. All perfons who dwell within the city, though not freemen, except the inha
bitants of Black and White Friers, to be taxed for the houfes in which they
dwell, and to be liable to diftrefs. for non-payment; with a provifo, that thofe
non-freemen may appeal to the Chancellor.
That the Mayor,' Recorder, and aldermen who have been mayors, be juftices
of oyer and terminer ; the Mayor and Recorder to be of the quorum, with power
Z z z 2 to

SU GUILDHALL;
to take fecurity for the peace, and to commit the refractory ; and that no other
juftices interfere, but that the fheriffs attend upon them.
By this grant the Mayor, &c. may have all treafures found within the precincts-
of the City ; and to have this charter under feal, without fine in the Hanaper, or
other fees. Dated Sept. 20, anno regni 5.
In his third, James grants the Mayor, &c. the weighing and meafuring of coals-
in the port of London ; and a fee of 8d. per ton, to be applied to the City's ufer
and forbids the unloading of veffels till notice is given to the Mayor ; who is t©
give immediate directions for the weighing, &c. in order that an account may be
rendered, and the profits arifing paid to the King's ufe. He prohibits the fak
of coals by retail, in lighters, or in any other veffel than that which brought
them, unlefs upon fome quay or wharf near the river Thames ; and covenants
that the city fliall enjoy thofe privileges for ever, with a promife of renewal in
cafe of doubt or difpute. Dated Sept. 25, anno regni 12.
Charles I. granted to the City a confirmation of all their privileges, and a
reftoration of all thofe refumed ; that the citizens fliould have, for ever, all
foiles, commons, purpreffures, and improvements, in all waftes, commons,
ftreets, ways, and other places, in the City and fuburbs, and in the water of
Thames, with the profits of the fame ; and, that they may improve,; recites the
act of 28 Henry VI. which refumed all that King's grants ; mentions the grant
of Henry VII. dated July 23, in the 20th year of his- reign, and doubts its
validity, on account of the act of refumption ; then proceeds to grant all the
particulars mentioned in the patent of Henry VI. to- which he adds> that the
Mayor, Recorder, and aldermen who have been mayors, though difmiffed
from thq mayoralty, fhall remain aldermen; and that the three fenior be
juftices of the peace, though they have not been mayors ; and conftitutes the
Mayor, Recorder, and aldermen, juftices of the peace within the city and
liberties. That the Mayor, Recorder, - and fuch aTdermen, or four of them, provided
the Mayor or Recorder is one of the number, may hold feffions of the -peace
concerning murders and felonies ; with power to examine weights, and meafures,
and all other fervices. belonging to the office of juftices of the peace ;. and requires
the fheriffs to affift.
Grants to the Mayor all forfeited recognizances belonging to the feffions,
all thofe taken by juftices for baftard children, for keeping out of inmates,
fuppreffing

GUILDHALL. 545
fupprefling ale-houfes, and for the appearance of prifoners, the fines and. iffues of
jurors, with all others, except fines and iffues royal; to which he adds, all thofe
forfeited taken for the prefervatioff of the river Thames, and the penalties inv-
pofed by the commiffioners of fewers.
Grants to the Mayor and Corporation the fields called Inward Moor and
Outward Moor, in the parilh of St. Giles without Cripplegate,. St. Stephen CoL-
man-ftreet, and St. Botolph Bifhopfgate, and Weft Smithfield, with permiffion
to hold fairs and markets in the latter ; and to receive package, ftallage, tolls,
and profits, tliereunto- belonging (referving wafte ground and ftreets) ; to hold
them in common burgage, and not in capite or by knight's fervice, pardoning all
iffues from the Mayor, &c.
Grants that no writ of ad quod dampnum be procured, iffued, or profecuted';
pardons- entries, intrusions, and ingreffes, by the Mayor, he. provided that the
grant interfered with no proclamation concerning building within the City; the
encroachments to be made upon churches- to be fubject to fitch reforms as the
King and his council judged neceffary.
Grants them garblers, and the- garbling of merchandize, with all the emolu
ments belonging to the office. And, for fuch goods and fpices that had not
before paid fee, and had not before been imported, fuch fees to be fixed by ths
Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafurer, Lord Privy Seal, Steward of the Ploufehold,
and two of the juftice* for the time being of the King's Bench or Common Pleas ;
referving the garbling- of tobaceov
Grants the office of gauging wines* oils, and other merchandize, with all the
fees belonging torit.
Grants the great ftandard, and common balance, for weighing between mer
chant and merchant ; and the office of keeper, with all emoluments.
Grants-, for the eity and liberties, and borough of Southwark, a common
cryer, for the felling of houfehold articles-, to be appointed by the Mayor, &c.
in common council affembled ; and that it may be lawful for the Mayor, &c.-
to take certain fees, &c. in a fchedule annexed ; and forbids all perfons to fell in
the fame way, within, the city, liberties-, and borough of Southwark.
Grants that the widows of freemen, as long as they continue fuch, may
exercife the trades of their hufbands, notwithftanding the ftatute of the 5th Eli
zabeth, or any other. And that no market be kept, with feven miles of the
city. Giants

£46 GUILDHALL.
Grants that the Recorder record their cuftoms ; which, if they lie pleaded
in any of his Majefty's courts, he may certify, to the exclufion of jury or
enquiry ; and thereupon they may proceed to the caption and determination of
the plea. He repeats the grant of treafure found in the city or liberties ; and
waives, goods and chattels of felons and fugitives, for felonies committed in the
city and liberties ; and grants that the Mayor may name two aldermen to the
Lord Chancellor, whofe names are to be inferted in the commiffion for Middle
fex and Surrey.
The charter then recites, that many fons of freemen, and others who had
ferved an apprenticefhip of feven years, refufed to take their, freedom, thus
obtaining large property, and avoiding the ferving of offices. The King autho-
rifes a fufpenfion of all trade by fuch perfons till he produces a certificate to
the Chamberlain of his having taken his freedom ; and commands, that no
freeman, a merchant of London, fhall take an apprentice for lefs than feven
years, to be bound and enrolled according to the cuftom -of the City. Recites
an act of the 3d James, that every citizen and freeman, and every other perfon,
inhabitants of London or the liberties, tradefman, victualler, or labourer, who
then had, or afterwards fhould have, any fum owing to them lefs than 40s. by a
citizen or other, a victualler, tradefman, or labourer, may caufe fuch debtor to
be fummoned by the beadle or officer of the Court of Requefts at Guildhall, &c.
By this charter the King grants, that there fhall be a clerk of that court,
appointed by the Mayor and corporation, whofe office fhall be to enter and
regifter warrants, precepts, proceffes, acts, orders, and executions of the court,
with certain fees and wages ; and a beadle of the fame, to fummon perfons to
appear, with fuch wages as the annexea fchedule permitted.
In confequence, of the number of robberies, &c. daily committed "within the
city and liberties, he grants that there fhall be in future an office, with a regifter,
for retail brokers : and the fame to be executed by the Corporation, or its depu
ties ; and that it may be lawful for them to receive fuch fees as are appointed in
the fchedule.
Grants permiffion to the Mayor, &c. for diftinguifhing the fliops and houfes of
citizens by figns.
Recites a patent of Henry VIII. dated Jan. 13, 28th year of his reign, which
granted to the Mayor, &c. the government of the hofpital of Bethlehem, with its
poffeffions, which he confirms; but at the fame time forbidding the grant of any of

GUILDHALL. 547
of the manors, lands, &c. for more than 21 years, " referving half of the yearly
value at -leaft of fuch manors, lands, &c. to leafes to be paid during the faid term
to the Mayor, commonalty, &c. to the ufes above mentioned."
Grants to the Mayor, &c. that it may be lawful for them to purchafe, to them
and their fucceffors, five acres of land in the parifh of St. Giles in the Fields,
then in the occupation of Margaret Pennel, although held of the King in capite ;
adding his licence to all perfons concerned to fell)(kand full power to the Mayor,
&c. to build upon the fame without licence.
¦This charter is dated Oct. 18, 14th year of his reign.
Another charter, granted by Charles L conveys to the Mayor and Commonalty
the office of package of cloth, wool, woolfells, calve fkins, goat fkins, tin, and
all other merchaudize, to be packed, piped, barrelled, or otherwife to be
exported from the port Of London ; and the office for furveying goods and wares
of any merchant, alien or denizen, whofe father was an alien beyond the feas, to
be brought into London as merchandize, with the billage of fuch goods, in any
fhip, boat, barge or veffel, which had before been granted, by Edward IV.
Henry VIII. and confirmed by Parliament. Thefe he confirms, with the receipt
of fees for "42001. paid by the Mayor, &c. The King forbids that any porter or
carrier fhalf meddle with thofe goods, without licence from the Mayor, &c. or.
their* deputies, who are to appoint them.
Grants that all aliens and denizens fhall deliver to the Mayor, &c. their
deputies or collectors, bills of entry of all goods, merchandize, wares, &c. that
fhall be brought from time to time within the limits of the liberties and franchifes
of the city and fuburbs, the Mayor, &c. paying 3I. 6s. 8d. at two annual pay
ments of il. 13s. A-d. at the Exchequer. In cafe of fufpicion of falfe returns, the
Mayor, &c. are authorifed to put the parties on oath.
Dated Sept. 5, 16 Charles I.
Charles II. On the 24th of June, in the 15th year of his reign, and on the
petition of the Mayor and Commonalty, granted a full renewal of all and every of
the charters and privileges beftowed by his predeceffors, from the time of William
of Normandy.

Vol. III. Zzz4 Si*.

( 548 )
ST. HELEN'S, BISHOPSGATE WARD.
NEWCOURT has proved, from the regifter of the Dean and Chapter of
St. Paul's, that there was a church dedicated to St. Helen in this parifh before
the priory of that name was founded, which was granted to the canons of the
church by Ranulph, and Robert his fon.
He further adds, that the priory was founded about 1212, for nuns of the order
of St. Benedict, and dedicated to the Holy Crofs and St. Helen.
A Cottonian MS. (a large fheet of parchment) contains the regulations which
Reginald Kentwode, dean, and the chapter of St. Paul's, thought fit to iffue for
thofe nuns. A very fmall piece of the fame material, containing a petition from
the convent, is pinned on it. The feal* though much broken, ftiews that the
fubject was the difcovery of the Crofs by the Emprefs Helena * ; holding in her
right hand, the three nails; her right arm round the fhaft of the crofs. The
infcription round the feal " Sigillum monialium Sancte Elene Londoniaraai."
On the left ftands the Emprefs ; and on the right, oppofite to her, a multitude
with extended arms and uplifted countenances. A perfect impreflion of this feal,
appendant to a deed dated 1534, 26 Henry VIII. among the records of the Leather-
fellers Company, was engraved by Dr. Rawlinfon ; ,and is moft obligingly copied,
by Mr. GOugh's order, as a prefent to the author of this work.
The Convent pofleffed the advowfon of St. Ethelburg near the priory, of
St. John the Baptift, and Sfc, Mary Wolnoth ; the manor of Marks, at Lay ton,
and the manor of St. Helen, in Eaft Barming, Kent, &c. &c. The rules by
Kentwode are fo much within my plan, that, though they have been printed
by Dugdale, from a manufcript in the Hatton library, I fhall give the effential
part of them, as an illuftration of the internal ftate of tbe nunnery. They are
dated from the chapter-houfe of St. Paul's, June 21, 1439.
He firft complains of the u defautes and excefles" he found on his vifitation.
" We injoyne yow that devyne fervyce be don by yow duly nythe and day, and
filence duly kepte in due tyme and place aftir the obfervaunce of yowr religion.
" Alfo we ordeyne and injoyne you, Prioreffe and Convente, and eche of ypw
finglerly that ye make d.ue and holy confeflion to the Confeffor affigned be us.
" Alfo, that ye ordeyne convenyent place of firmarye, in the wiche yowre feeke
fuftres may be honeftly kepte and relevyd with the coftes and expences of yowre
houfe accuftomed in the relygion duryng the tyme of heere fikenefle.
" I hat ye keepe yowre dortor, and ly thereinne by nythe aftyr obfervaunce of
yowre religion, withowt that the cafe be fuche that the lawe and the obfervaunce
of yowre religione fuffreth yow to dp the contrarye.
* May 3, with the crofles of the two thieves, and the fepulchre of our Lord. " That

SigJdum'lWori/s.et .Womaliurrv Sl, Helenae ui/iti Bishops-gite Ord. S* Benedict!
Fundat. circa Jjtfa Anter Chartas Svcictatis de LeafheifeUers , Lond. dat. AL). 153.4. XXVI.HenMlI .

ST. HELEN'S.- , MS
" That noo feculere be lokkyd withinne the bouftdes of the cloyftere, ne no
feculere perfones come withinne after the belle of comply'ne, except wymment
fervauntes and mayde childeryne lerners. Alfo admitte noone fojournauntes
wymment with owte lycence of us.
" That ye, ne noone of yowre fuftres, ufe nor haunfe any place with inne the
priory, thoroghe the wiche evel fufpeccyone or fclaundere mythe aryfe, weche
places (for certeyne caufes that move us) wewryte not hereinne in owre prefent
injunccyone, but wole notyfy to yow Prioreffe. Nor have no lokyng nor fpecta-
cles owteward thorght the wiche ye mythe falle in worldly dilectacyone.
<e That fome fadde woman, and difcrete, of the feyde religione, honeft, wele
named, be affigned to the fliittyng of the cloyfter dorys, and kepyng of the
keyes, that none perfone entre ne iffu into the pkce after complyne belle,
nethir in noo other tyme, be the wiche the place may be difclaunderid in tyme
comyng.- " That noo feculere wymmen flepe be nythe withinne the dortour^, withow.te
fpecialle graunte hadde in the chapetter-houfe among yow all.
" That noone of yow fpeke ne comone with no feculere perfone, ne fende ne
receyye letteres, myffyves, or geftes, of any feculere perfone, withoute lycence
of the Prioreffe. And that there be another of yowre fuftres prefent, affigned be
the Prioreffe, to here and recorde the honefte of both partyes in fuch commynication.
And fuch letters or geftes fent or receyved may turne into honefte and wurchepe>
and none into velanye ne difclaundered of yowre honefte and religione.
" That none of yowre fuftres be admitted to noone office butt that they be of
gode name and fame. That ye ordeyne and chefe on of yowre fuftres, honeft,
abille, and cunnyng of difcrecyone, the whiche can, may, and fchall have the
-charge of techyng and informacyone of yowre fuftres that ben uncunnyng, for
- to teche hem here' fervice and the rule of here religione.
' " Alfo, for as moche that diverfe fees, perpetualle c'orrodies and lyveries, have
be grauntyd befor this tyme., to diverce officers of yowre houfe, and other per
fones, whech have hurt the houfe, and be caufe of delapidacyone of the godys of
yowre feyde houfe, we ordeyne and injoyne yow that ye refeve noone ofhcere to
no perpetuelle fee of office, ne graunte no annuete, corrody, ne lyvery withowt
fpecialle affente of us.
" That all daunfyng and revelyng be utterly forborne among yow, except
Chriftmaffe. and other honeft tymys of recreacyone, among yourfelfe, ufyd in
abfence of feculers in all wyfe.
Vol, III. Aaaa "That

550 ST. HELEN'S.
" That there may be a doore at the nonnes quere, that noo ftraungers may
loke on them, nor they on the ftraungers, wanne thei bene at divyne fervice^
That there be made a hache of conabyll heythe, creftyd withe pykys of heme,
tofore the entre of yowre kechyne, that npo ftraunge pepille may entre, with
certeyne cleketts avyfed be yow and be yowre ft'ward, to fuch perfonys as yow
and hem thynk oneft and conabill.
" That non nonnes have noo keyes of the pofterne doore that gothe owte of
the cloyftere into the churche yerd, but the Prioreffe, for there is moche comyng
in and owte unlefull tymys. That no nonns have ne receyve noo fchuldrin wyth
hem into the houfe forfeyde, but yif that the profile of the comonys turne to the
vayle of the fame houfe."
Thefe ordinances were to be read four times a year, in the chapel, and to be
complied with under pain of excommunication.
We learn from the above that the occupation of a fchool-miftrefs was not in
compatible with the order of St. Benedict.
This priory flourifhed many centuries, but did not efcape the fa^gs of Henry.
It was furrendered the 30th of his reign, valued thus :
" Monafterium five priorat' & monialium St. Helena 31 4I. 2s. 6d. V
The late Priorye of Saint Elenes within the Citye of London, and the View and
Survey ther taken the xxift daye of June, in the xxxiii Yeare of theRaigne of
our Soveraigne Lord Kinge Henrye the Vlllth, by Thomas Mildmay, one of
' the King's Auditors thereunto affigned; that is to faye,
¦ The Parifhe of Saint Elenes, within the Citie of London,
and the Scite of the late Priory therin.
Fyrfte, the cheaf entre or cominge in to the fame late priory ys in and by the
ftreet gate lyying in the parifhe of St. Elenes, in Byfhopfgate-ftreat, which leadeth
to a little cowrte next adioyning to the fame gate, havinge chambers, howfes, and
buyldinges, environinge the fame, out of wch cowrte there is an entre leadinge to
an inner cowrte, wch on the North fide is alfo likewife environed wA edificyons
and buyldings, called the Stewardes lodging, with a countinge houfe apperteninge
to the fame. Item, next to the fame cowrte ther ys a faire kechinge, withe a
paftery houfe, larder houfes, and other howfes of office, apperteninge to the fame ;
* Court Firft Fruits. and

ST. HELEN'S. 55 1
and at the Eft: ende of the fame kechyn and entre leadinge to the fame hall, wlh a
litle parlor adioyning, having under the fame hall and parlor fondrie howfes of
office, next adioyning to the cloyfter ther, and one howfe called the Covent parlor.
Item, in fair chambers adioyninge to the hall, whearof the one over the entree
leadinge to the cloyfter, thother over the buttree, and the third over the larder.-
Item, from the faid entre by the hall to the cloyfter, wcl1 cloyfter yet remaneth holly
leaded, and at the North fide of the fame cloyfter a faire long howft called the
Fratree. Item, at theft ende of the fame cloyfter, a lodginge called the Suppryor's
lodging, wth a litle gardin lieing to the fame. And by tiie fame lodginge a pare
of ftaires leading to the dortor, at the South end whearof ther is a litle howfe,
wherein the evidence of the faid howfe nowe dou remayne, wth all howfte and lodg-
inges vnder the fame dortor. Item, at the Weft ende of the fame cloyfter, a dore
leadinge in to the nunnes late quire, extending from the dore out of the churche-
yarde unto the lampe or perticyon devidin the priorye from the parifhe, wch is holly
leaded. Item, at the eftende of the faid cloyfter, an entre leading to a little gar
den, and out of the fame littell garden to a faire garden called the Covent garden,
coteninge by eftimacon half an acre. And, at the North end of the faid garden,
a dore leading to another garden called the kechin garden ; and at the Weft ende
of the fame ther is a dovehowfhe ; and in the fame garden a dore to a faire wood-
yerd, w*h howfes, partic'ons, and gardens, wthin the fame woodyerd. A tenement,
w.th a garden, aftable, and other thappurtenances to the fame belonginge, called
Elizabeth Hawte's lodginge. All which premiffes ben rated, extentyd, and
valued, the King's Highneffe to be difcharged of the reparac'ons, of the yerely value
of vii. xiiis. mid.
Item, one tenement therin, in the hold of Wirtm Baker, by the yeare, xxs.
Item, one other tenement, in the hold of Jane Julian, by the yeare,
xiiis. mid.
Item, one other tenement ther, in the hold of Edmunde Brewer, by the yeare,
xiiis. iiid.
Item, one other tenement ther, in the hold of Eye Sturdye, by the yeare,
xiiis. hi id.
Item, one other tenement ther, in the hold of Lanclott Harryfon, by the
yeare, xms. mid. Summa vmi. xiiis. mid. *
Exur p' Thomam Mildmaie, Auditor'.
* The fums are altered to 81. 13s. 4d.
t ..,.¦:¦¦, Aaaa 2 The

*S* ST. HELENA..
The prefent church of St. Helen's was originally but little different, the Nuns?
*' quere" being the North aile. CHAUNTRIESv
" The King's Majefty fyndeth within the faid church twoo chauntrie prieftes^
and payeth them owte of the augmentac'ons 13I. 13s 4d. per annum," Henry gave'
the fite of this priory church, to Cromwell. Edward VI. in the 4th of his reign,.
to the Bifhop of London and his fucceflbrs, and Queen Mary confirmed the
grant*. In the year 1599 Queen Elizabeth, by letters patent, gave the rectory
and church to Michael Stanhope and Edward Stanhope, referving to the minifter
20I. per annum ^p, the prefent ftipend. Since which time it has paffed through
many hands.. Rectqb.s»
Sampfon Eftwicke, 170.1.
William Butler, LL. B. 1 71 2-3 £».
Ptolemy James, M, A. 1715 §...
Valentine Playwood, 173 1 [|.
George Coulton, 1745.-
John Naifh, 1788.
Robert Watts, M. A. Nov. 2, 1795. And, on his refignationy
 Blenkarne, prefent rector, 1804.
The annals of this parifh have not been before me previous to 1680, when wr
find that the inhabitants- of Grefham-college had refufed to pay their affeffments-
for the poor.
1683, Dec. 22. Mr. Hefketh (vicar") offered to fet up an organ, and encou
raged the Veftry to hope without diminifhing the parifh ftock. Permiffion given...
* Newcourt, L.i. f Table in the church.
+ Redor of St. Anne's'Alderfgate, and prebendary of St. Paul's, publifiled a fermon, " Thanks for".
Victory," 1704, 4to. Efth. iv. 14; fall fermon, 1712, 4to. Prov. xxi. 36; aflize, 1715, 4to. Titusv
Iii. 1 ; Vice the Deflru&ion of the Soul, 1719, 4to. Matthew, viii. 21. ; Reformation of M..nu^rs, 1722, ,
8vo. Eph. v. 11 ; Vifitation, 1713, 4to. Ex. xx. 7; election of lord mayor, 1724, 4to. Neh. \. 19.5
election of lord mayor, 1729, 4to. Ex. xviii. 21.
§ Of Chrift church, Oxford, A. M. 1694, prebendary of St. Paul's, preached a fermon on the fu
neral of Mr. Durley, 17 17. 4to. Pfalms, xxvii. 15 ; LL. B. of St, John's college, Cambridge, 17 15.
ft. A.M. of St John's college, Oxford, 17,01.. There

ST. HELEN'S. 5S3?
There was a belfry ove Ahe gate of Great St. Helen's in Bifhopfgate-ftreet,
which was let on a leafe for 61 years, June 3, 1696, to a Mr. Armftrong. The
terms were, a fine of iool. and ios. per annum ; to make the prefent paffage, and
remove the bells to vyhey^they now are.
1696, Sir John Spencer's vault was forfeited to the parifh, the Earl of Northh
ampton having refufed to; repair it.
1699, Feb. 7. The Corporation of the poor of London obtained permiflion for
the children and fervants to fit in the choir.
1702, Aug. 20. Edmund Prideaux, efq. gave a bond of 200I. to bear the parilh
harmlefs, to obtain leave to-inter his daughter in Sir Julius Caefar's vault.
1708. Mrs. Prideaux prefented the parifh a rich velvet valance, fringed with'
gold, for the pulpit.
1723. Francis Bancroft, efq. gave 95I. for the ground "on which his vault is-
fouilt. 1 741. Thomas Gryffin agreed to build an organ, value 500I. on condition he
fliould receive 250I. and 25I. per annum during his life. To play himfelf, or pro
vide an organift.
- That the church fhould have efcaped deftruction through fo many changes as
have happened in its neighbourhood is furpnfing. It was difturbed when' the"
Leatherfellers erected their- hall; threatened by the fire of 1666 ; and fhaken to the
xerj foundation in 1799/, when the remnants of its antient honours were torn away.
There are but few of our antient ftructures in London that convey any idea of
their former, folemnity 7 7St. Helen's is an exception ; where entering',' the 'tall and:
graceful Gothic impreffes the beholder -with veneration for paft times, heightened;
by the altar tombs and'prayingfigures of the chancel. Some of the moft remote:
memorials are gone,' and'Pthers mUtflated. The bufy tools of the fanatics of
Charles the Firft and Second's timehave bofn.e their part in the grand work' of
devaftation, by hacking away the lines of invocation' at the feet of braffes.. I have
engraved a female, figure j in her furcate. Seethe annexed plate.
The parifh aile was theSouth ; feparated, by a fcreen between the pillars, from
that belPnging tothe nuns,-' that fcreen- *as removed after tllfe Reformation, and
the altar is now ,in the South aile. - 7
The three Weftern pillars are tall ; flender, and cluttered ; the two Eaftern
cluftered, but much fhorter. I have annexed a plate of the nuns portion, drawn
from the fecond pillar near, the altar. The pews are removed for a more perfect
view.. The old oaken feats,, that range along the North wall, . give that part the air

SM ST. HELEN'S.
air of a choir ; and the grotefque heads on them fhew the playful difpofition of
our antient carvers. The grating, through which the nuns heard mafs on parti
cular occafions from the crypt of the priory, ftill remains. (See the Plate.) The
apertures were placed obliquely, fo that the altar, which ftood under the great
North-eaft window, might be feen, though feveral, feet "Weft of it. The defign
is beautifully rich, and the tracery very delicate ; but, lam forry to add, woe
fully plaftered and defaced' with white- wafh, even to the total obliteration of the
arms on two fhields' at the top. ^ ,
There have been feveral doors through the North wall into the crypt, not
vifible within the church. The annexed plate of the outfide North wall of
St. Helen's fliews; the traces' of every arch, both on it and the. Weftern fide of the
priory. Since the remains have been removed, tbe grating has been filled with brick.
In the Eaft window of the North aile there is much painted glafs. The City,
'Mercers, and Grefham arms. The North windows contain many coats. I have
-engraved the Grocers' and another, on account of their borders. (See plates IT. and
III. On the South fide of the church is a'.chapel or tranfept, perfectly plain, ad
joining the veftry-room, -which was probably taken from it. An altar no doubt
iiood beneath the window. On the South fide are .'niches. A bracket over the
door fupports a very pleating little black figure of St. Helen. How it came to be
.preferved and placed here my informant could not fay, though, he added, fome
hundreds of pounds had been offered for it by fome Catholic gentlemen, who
wifhed to take it abroad, and refufed.
"The table for the veftry has; been an altar table of fome antiquity.
The pulpit ftands againft the South wall^ and is a defign of that compound mix
ture, called Architecture, which, prevailed, in the time of James and Charles I.
The poor's box is perfectly in character, fupported by the caryatide figure of a
ibeggar holding a hat for alms, and well executed.
Over the North-weft door lies a folitary helmet.
The organ and its gallery were erected, 1 744, by fubfcription.
Near the veftry door, a monument of variegated marble,
" To Walter Bernard, efq", alderman and fheriff of this city. In both which
ftations he acted to the general fatisfaction of his fellow-citizens. His private as
well as public character was. truly amiable: he was a fincere'Chriftian, a faithful
hufband, a true friend, a kind mafter ; and, as the whole conduct of his life was
agreeable to the principles of true religion and -virtue, fo his death was univerfally
lamented. He died May the 4th, 1746, aged 51 years."
On

/T^F

WW MM i\
wmm

ST. HELEN'S. Hs
On the South wall, a tablet, infcribed,
" Near this place lyeth interred the body of Henry White, late of Bilbao,
merchant, who departed this life the ift of Jan. 1702-3, et. fuae 29, & films*,
et frater erat."
Near the above : " H. S. E. Richardus Backwell, arm.
(Edwardi Backwell, hujus olim civitatis aldermanni filius.)
Heu ! maxime d'eflendus, patriae admodum et amicis haud aeque fibi utilis vixit;
Obiit Aprilis die 26, 1731, aet. 67.
Patris dilectiflimi memorise hoc marmor dicavit Richardus Blackwell filius."
In the angle formed by the North wall and organ gallery ftands the tomb of
Francis Bancroft, who might have trufted his memory to be conveyed to diftant
ages by the beautiful range of alms-houfes founded by him at Mile End.
The tomb is of Portland ftone, and in perfect repair. The defign that of a
Tufcan temple, with folding doors, pilafters, frieze, and cornice. " The ground
whereon it ftands was purchafed of this parifh, 1723, by Francis Bancroft, efq.
for the interment of himfelf and friends only; and was confirmed to him by a
faculty from the Dean and Chapter of St.-Paul's, London, the fame year. And
in his lifetime he erected this tomb, anno 1726 ; and fettled part of his eftate in
London and Middlefex for beautifying and keeping it in repair for ever."
On the wall, a tablet to John Smith, efq.. 1783.
On a pillar, one to Anne Jennings, 1773.
A tablet, on the wall, to Henry Peter Kuhff, efq. 1796 ; his fon 1786. Peter
Kuhff, and Frederick Charles Kuhff, efq. 1792.
Near the above a monument, with Charity holding a medallion, and cherubs a ,
label, on which is written,-
" With charity God is well pleafed. To the memory of Peter Gauffen, efq.
1788, aged 66. Peter Gauffen, efq. 1759 ; and Jane Gauffen, 1747; uncle and-
aunt to the above. Alfo, Anna Maria Gauffen ; Paul Gauffen ; and Peter Gauffen,
aged 25 (children, of the firft named Peter Gauffen, efq)."
The firft of" thefe gentlemen was an eminent filk merchant, and a director of
the Bank of England.
On the South wall of the nave, a tablet, on which is infcribed,
" Near this place lies interred the body of Major General George Kellum, third
fon of George Kellum, efq. of this parifh. He had the honour to ferve his coun .
try

555 ST. HELEN'S.
try under fhe beft of princes, King William III. of glorious memory ; and, after
his deceafe, under the victorious Jolm Duke of Marlborough ; and was colonel
of an Englifh regiment of horfe; He died in the communion of the Church of
Chrift, and refts in hope of a bleffed refurrection, through the alone merits of his
Saviour Jefus Chrift. Born Sept. 26th, 1659 » anc* died Dec. 23d, 1732, aged 73."
On a tablet, at the Weft end of the church, Robert Dingley, 1741 ; his wife,
1747. They had 19 children.
On the pavement. Nave :
Robert Foot, efq. vault, 1711.
Richard Goodall, efq. 1792.
Henry Durley, efq. 17 16.
James Taylor, of the Ifle of St. Chriftopher's, 1761.
Alexander Douglas, efq. 1797.
'*' Mary, ad wife of Edward Backwell, alderman of this city, 1670. Alfo, Mary,
the wife of Richard Backwell, efq. 1712. Barnaby Backwell, gent. 1723; and
Richard Backwell, 1731. To whofe memory this ftone is dedicated by Richard
Backwell, efq. the fon, 1731.
Hie juxta conduntur reliquiae Thomas Edwardes, et Jane uxoris fuse, qui
obiere, haec 13 die Aprilis, A.D. 1716, ille 27 die Februarii, A.D. 1720.
H. M. P. M. P. T. E. F  omnes eodem cogimur."
'In the North aile :
Mrs. Magdalene Berchere, 1750. Alfo, James Lewis Berchere, efq. 1753.
William Finch, merchant; George Finch, efq. of Valentines ; 1710.
Jane Gauffen, 1747. Peter Gauffen, 1759. Ann Maria Gauffen, 1767. Paul
Gauffen 1774. And Peter Gauffen, 1781.
Anne Clarke, 1773. William Clarke, 1779.
" Jacob Stanier, merchant, 1763. And Thomafihe, his wife, 1776. They
had 8 children, 4 fons, and as many daughters. Mors intermittit vitam, non
eripit; veniat iterum qui nos in lucem reponat dies."
The Boddingtons vault, in which wer,e interred Benjamin Eoddington, efq. and
his wife, and her niece, all from Enfield, 1779, 1795.
John Triftram, efq. 1772.
Margaret Hay ward, 1776. '¦
John Maynard's vault, 1738.
On

ST. HELEN'S. 557
On the pavement in the nave :
" George Kellum, efq. 1672. Katharine K. 1703. Katharine Kellum, 1717,
aged 70 years. " Reft, virtuous maid, till time fhall be no more ;
Then God this body glorious will reftore."
" The mortal remains of Mrs. Mary Payne, 1747, and two children.
" Silent grave ! to thee I truft,
Thefe precious piles of lovely duft,
Keep them fafely, facred tomb,
Till a father afks for room.
" Thomas Payne, hufband and father of the above, 1766; and Margaret Payne,
his widow, 1777." ,
" Thomas Burdett, efq. 48 years an honeft merchant, 1772.
In cuius memoriam foror fua domina Qtger, vidua moerens, pofuit.
Hie etiam fepultus jacet Carolus Burdett, D.D. Obiit Dec. 1772, set. 74."
Dr. Burdett was of Lincoln-college, Oxford, A.M. 1722, B. and©. D. 1764,
a prebendary of St. Peter's, Weftminfter, chaplain to the Houfe of Commons,
and rector of Guildford, 17,56, and of Little Bookham, 1767, and publiftied a
fermon before the Houfe of Commons on the 30th of January 1769, 1 Cor. x. if.
Benefactions, from a Tablet in the Church.
Sir Martin Lumley, knt» gave 20I. fer annum, for the preaching a lecture, on
every Tuefday, from Michaelmas to Lady-day, forever, 163OJ and alfo 4I. fer
annum to the poor.
1723. Ifaac Berkley, efq. gave to this parifh church 500I.
1735. Mrs. Mary Clapham, widow, left by will iool. ; that, of the profit arif
ing therefrom, her father's tomb he from time to time repaired.
Mrs. Sufan Dingley gave 30I. that 2s. be diftributed in bread every. firft Sun
day in the month, for ever, to 12 poor parifhioners who are moft conftant at the
Sacrament, over and above their ufual allowance.
1770. Thomas Hanfon, efq. left by. will to the Minifter and Churchwardens
of this parifli 500I. ; the intereft to be given among fuch indigent and induftrious
inhabitants and parifhioners as do not receive alms therefrom.
Vol. III. Bbbb THE

558 ST. HELEN'S
THE REGISTERS.
Marriages.
1604, Nov. 20. Sir Robert Bofvile, knt. and Elizabeth Pelifhall.
1606, July 12. Sir George Snellinge, knt. and Cicely Sherley.
1607, Oct. 26. Sir John Stafford, knt. and Sufan Wynyard.
1640-1. Philip Boteler, fon and heir of John Boteler, of Woodhall, in the
county of Hertford, knight of the Bath, and Elizabeth Langham, daughter of
J. Langham, efq. alderman of the city of London, were married March 13, there
being prefent Sir J. P. and Alderman Langham, together with about 40 more of
their friends as witneffes.
1650, July 16. Martin Lomely, efq. % fon and heir of [Sir] Martin Lomely, knt..
of [Great Bardfield] in the county of Effex, and Anne Langham, daughter "of
[Sir] J. Langham, efq. fometime alderman of London.
1659. William Langham, doctor of phyfick, of this parifh, and Mrs. Alice
Roll, of the parifh of St. Giles Cripplegate, were publifhed the 5th, 12th, and.
19th of June, and no exception made.
1660-1, Feb. 24. Sir Thomas Huffey, knt. and baronet, of Honnington, in
the county of Lincoln, and Dame Sarah Langham, of the parifh of Great
St. Hellen's, London, were married by that reverend father Doctor Sanderfon,
bifhop of Lincoln.
1703, Aug. 20. • Francis Gaftrell, D.D. of Lincoln's-inn, and Elizabeth
Mapletoft, of Greenwich, Kent.
1727, Aug. 13. The Hon. Charles Compton, efq. and Mrs. Mary Lucy.
Baptisms.
1653. Bigley Whitlock; fon of Bulftrode Whitlock, lord commiflioner of the
Great Seal of England, and of Dame Lady Mary, his wife, was born and bap1-
tifed the 6th day of November.
1656. Grace Barker, daughter of Alderman William Barker, and. Grace his
wife, was baptifed Sept. 18.
1656. John Whitlock, fon of the Right Hon. the Lord Bulftrode Whitlock and
Mary his wife, was born the 26th day of September, and chriftened the fame day.
* His father, Martin, was created a baronet 1640, and reprefented the county of Effex that year.
He himfelf was fheriff of Effex 1663 j and died 1703. Morani, II. 520. 1657-8.

ST. HELEN'S.

559

1657-8. Rebecca Whitlock, daughter to the Right Hon. the Lord Whitlock
and Dame Mary his wife, was born March 7, and baptifed the fame day.
1661. John Lawrance, the fon of Sir John Lawrance, knight and alderman,
was born November 11, and baptifed the 31ft of the fame month.
1670. Charles, the fon of Sir Francis Clarke, knt. and of the Lady Elizabeth
his, wife, baptifed Oct. 9.
1671-2. James, the fon of Sir Francis Clarke, knt. and Lady Elizabeth his
wife, baptifed Feb. 4;
169 1. Norbury, fon of Richard Tennefon, lord bifhop of Clougher, andof
Anne his wife, was born June 10, and baptifed the 12th.

Burials.
1575. Sir John Pollard, knt. Dec. 4.
1579. Sir Thomas Grefham, knt. was buried Dec. 15.
I beg leave to introduce a pedigree of the Grefhams, taken from a manufcript
in the Mufeum, as a fubftitute for any account I can furnifh of this great man,
whofe actions have been fo often gratefully detailed in various publications.

John Grefham, of Grefham,1
co. Norfolk.

T

James Grefham, of Hoult,=p[MargaretBillingford.]
Norfolk. I

r

John Grefham, fon=f=Alice, da. of [Alex.] "William, ("Thomas, re&or of Richard, John,"!
and heir. Blythe. 2d fon. L South Reppe's. knt. knt. J

Sir John Grefham,
4th fon, mar.
Mary, da. and
heir of Ipfwell*.
 I

Sir Richard=?=Audrey, da.

Grefham, knt. 3d
fon f.

r

of Lyne, of.
Northamp-
tonfhire.

Thomas Grefham,
prieft, 2d fon.

William Grefham, Margery,
eldeft fon, died mar. to
without iffue — King,
male. London.

Sir John Gre'fham.-pFrances, da. of

knt. eldeft fon {.

Thwaytes, of
Yorkfhire.

Sir Thomas Grefham,. knt
fon, agent of Flanders for
the Queen, and founder of
the Exchange §.

2d^=Anne, da. of William
Fernly, of W. Bret-
ingham, Suffolk.

L

Elizabeth, mar. to Sir Henry Neville, knt.

Richard Grefham, his only fon, died young.

Mary.wife toSirTho-
masKowe, London.

Ellen, mar. Urfula, Cicely, Elizabeth, William John, Edmond=Joan,eldeftda.
to William mar. to mar. to mar. to Grefham, ad Grefham, =f= of Auguftin
Uvedale,of Thomas German JohnElyott. iftfon, fon, 3d fon,
Hampfhire. Levefon. Syoll. [ofTitfey, of mercer, of
Surrey, and Ful- London.
died 1587.] ham||.

Hynde,
derman
London.

al- of

1'

Richard Grefham, fon and heir. Ann.
* Diedl.5.56. ¦ ; :....... '.-.. .. -i, r
+ Suggefted the defign of building the Royal Exchange, executed by his fon; aad died 1548.
+ Died 1593. § Died 1^79, of an apoplexy, at his houfe in Bifhopfgate- ftreet.
|| From this Sir John defcended the Grefliams, ofTitfey, Surrey; of whom the laft Sir John died
1801, leaving an only daughter, married, Auguft 20, 1804, to William Levifon Gower, efq.
Bbbba 1588,

560 ST. HELEN'S
1588, May 23. '— ' < — Bond, the wife of Mr. William Bond, aldermarr.
 June 21.. -«  Caefar was buried under the ftone where Sir John Crofby
was buried, by the communion-table.
1596, Dec. 14. The Lady Ann Grefham, widow.
1605. Gertruda Reade, the lady, wife of Sir William Reade, was buried
Nov. 5 .
1609-8.  Howe, the wife of Sir Henry Howe, died Jan. 6.
161 2, Dec. 4. Walter Haftings, efq.
1623, Dec. 22, Agnes Browne, wife of Jofeph Browne, clerk, and minifter of
this church.
1624, Nov. 29. Anne Caefar, the daughter of Jofeph Caefar and Dame Anne
his wife ; who died in her grandfather's houfe. Sir Julius Caafar was buried under
the communion table.
1629-0, Feb. 19. AnnePorkin, aged widow, and lifter to the Right Hon. Sir
Julius Caefar, one of the King's Majefty's moft honourable privy council, under
the communion table.
1629-0, Jan. 16. AnnePecke, widow, and After to the Right Hon. Sir Julius
Caefar, knt. was buried under the great ftone under the communion table.
1634, Aug. 7. Sir Martin Lumley, knt. * and late alderman, was buried under
his anceftor's ftone, clofe to the reading pew, about a yard deep.
1636, April 18. Sir Julius Caefar, knt. mafter of the rolls, and one of the
King's Majefty's moft honourable privy council, was buried under Mr. William's
ftone, by the communion table.
[Fuller fpeaks very highly of the benevolence of Sir Julius. He was mafter of
the Rolls twenty years. A manufcript written by him, giving an account of his
father, himfelf, and children, ftill remains in Birch's Collection, Britifh Mufeum.
He takes for his motto an anfwer of his godfather's (Sir William Poulet, Lord St,
John, &c.) to an enquiry how he had contrived to live through fo many reigns,
increafing in honours : " Late flipping I forbear,
Wine and women 1 forfwear,
My neck and feet I keep from cold,
No marvel then tho* I be old.
I am a willow, not an oak.
I chide, but never hurt with ftroke.
* He 1£trtchafed 'Great Bardfield-hall, Effex, which was pulled down by Jones Raymond, efq.
and built an elegant houfe, in » delightful fituation. Morant, vol. II. p. 519. 1,598*

ST. HELEN'S. I6,
1598, Sept. 12. He had a vifit at Mitcham from Queen Elizabeth, an ho
nour that coft him more than 700I.
1607-8, Jan. 8. My fecond fon and third child, July, being upon the point
of 20 years of age, was flain in Padua, an univerfity of Italy, upon a private
quarrel between another and himfelf.
1609, April 12. The Earl of Salifbury, lord high treafurer of England, had
the King, Queen, Prince, Duke, and Lady Elizabeth, in his new ftone building
in the Strand, which the King then named the Britifh Burfe, where he gave and
fent 400 rings, and myfelf had one, with that poefy.
1613, Aug. 18. He and his wife laid the foundation of the chapel in the
Strand. The beautiful tomb of Sir Julius is the work of Nicholas Stone ; for
which he had, according to Vertue and Walpole, iiol. It is in the fingular
form of a deed by which he agrees to " pay his debt whenever it fliall pleafe
God," to which he fets his hand and feal, and " inroll it in Heaven."
1652-3, March 1. William Berkley, fometime alderman, free of the haber
dafhers, was buried by Sir William Pickering's monument.
1660, Oct. 1. Lieutenant-colonel William Manbye.
1660, Dec. 8. Lieutenant-colonel William Manbye, was buried in the church
upon his father's body, by Sir Martin Lumley's Stone.
1662, June 18. John Lawrance, fon of Sir John Lawrance.
1668-9, Jan 5* The Lady Maynard.
1673, Sept. 18. The Lady Fofter was buried in the church.
168 1, June 16. The Lady Abigail Lawrance was buried in the church,
1683, May 3. Sir Thomas Viner was buried in the church.
1691-4, Jan. 29. Sir John Lawrance.
1703, July 6. Sir John Eyles, knt.
1705, Sept. 4. Dame Sarah Gyles, widow, relict of Sir John Gyles.
1768, Nov. 27. Sir Henry Firebrace.
1723, April 22. Lady Catharine Lawrance.
1724, Sept. 3. Sir Samuel Stanyer.
1728, Sept. 10. The Hon. Lady Ann Coventry was buried in the chancel.
1735, Nov. 23. Dame Mary Eyles, late wife of Sir Johp Eyles.
1739-40, Feb. 15. Sir Jofeph Eyles.
1743, Feb. 17. The Rev. Mr. Haywood.
1744-5, March 17. Sir John Gyles.
1768, Nov. 9. Sir JohnHofkins Eyles Stiles. J576,

562 ST. HELEN'S.
1576, baptifms 16, burials 23.
1664, but eleven entries.
1799, 14, 18.
One half of the outfide South wall of St. Helen's is clear of obftruction ;
but the Eaftern part is entirely hidden. In it a door, whofe ftile may be' ima
gined from the date, 1633, three Gothic windows, and two buttrefles. The
Weft end is embattled ; and in it are two large Gothic windows, and the
fame number of doors. A fmall portion of the fquare is railed in as a yard to
the church. Several thriving trees are growing round it. The venerable build
ing derives much picturefque effect from thefe advantages, too often denied to
our facred ftructures. The turret is very far from handfome ; yet, half hidden by
the foliage, we fhould regret its abfence. The houfes clofe the Northern fide,' fo
as to deny a paffage.
A folitary veftige of Crofby-houfe occupies the South-weft angle of the fquare,
patched, mouldering, and neglected., A door and a window remain. Through
this part the great bales and parcels packed by Mertrs. Hall and Co. are taken in "
and carried out of the great hall ; and the corner ferves as a ftable for one horfe.
There are one or two antient houfes on the South fide (particularly that with
Corinthian pilafters and pointed gables) worthy notice. A defcription of the Eaft
and North fides of the church would be ufelefs, as the plate affords a better than
words can convey. Leathersellers'-Hall.
It would have given me great pleafure to have detailed the hiftory of this
refpectable Company; and to have added, from their own records,, the time of
building, the repairs, and entertainments of the1 Hall; and, had it entirely
depended on the friendly Dr. Grey, it would have been done. As it 1S> what can
be viewed by the paffenger I fhall defcribe ; but further this deponent cannot
fay. We will fuppofe the monaftery of St. Helen demolifhed, the materials dif
pofed of, and the purchafe of the fite compleated by the Company. The archi
tect finds a foundation far fuperior to any their funds would fupply, and there
fore cafes the bafement walls with brick, and makes the pavement (ready for his
purpofe) ferve as the floor for the new Hall. And thus far he acted wifely; for
his work of 1567 became too ruinous and expenfive for repair in 1797, was taken
down, and will be forgotten. What remains to be faid of the. antient crypt? That

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W
ST.' HELEN'S. 565
r
That it would not have required repair for 500 years to come. Had the enbrm'ous
.maffes .qf funguous webs, which depended from the arches of this beautiful work,
been carefully fwept. away, and the walls rubbed ti-ifh a dry broom, the antient
windows re-opened,1 the earth that clogged the pavement removed, and its other '
-defilements cleared off, thefe^ crypts, -now fcattered in piles of rubbifh, would
-..have formed a churchhow infinitely {Superior to forty,! could name !
The regret -with which I faW' thofe flender pillars torn from their bafes, and
the ftrong^ though delicate, arche7 hindered in maffeSj is ftill warm to my
remembrance." The angles were filled with- white, fand, a layer of earth, another
, of fand, a layer of oak,- chips ; one now lays before me. Six hundred years have
¦pafled fince this wood was cut, and the mark of the axe is frefh upon it, and fo
: on till the fpaces were filled.
The priory was very extenfive, reaching in fragments, to Bifhopfgate-ftreet.
The fite is now a ftreet, or court, of handfome unfiniflied houfes.
. The Hall was a large arid elegant building ; but, as it is entirely deftroyed, a
. defcription iis, unneceffary. - See a plate of the in fide.
The porch, .afcerided t6 by a flight of fteps, was charged with the. arms and
fupporters of England, and in thefafcia two bucks for thofe of the Company.
On the cieling of the porch was an angel, whole length, fupporting the Com
pany's arms, in a fhield oh the ground, and on each fide a ram and flag, fquatted
on their haunches.- On-the: cieling of the council-chamber was a; red , and white
rofe, in a garter,; under a crown ; 'and. on each fide E.R.; alfo a! fhield paly nebule
.Or and-A^ure,' in -chief, quartered, Gules, a lion paflant guardant, Or and
Gules, ttoo red rofes^. 1567.
; The feal of thfeiunitedcompanies of Leatherfellers and Glovers, united June 7,1 50 1,
i7HenryVIt. broken 1634,. engraved by Dr. Rawlinfon, exhibited the Virgin. Mary
. in glory, furrbuhded by crowned angels ; over her head'the dove, under her feet a
fhield, fupported. by two crowned arigejs- -bearing three hucks trippant- regardant
: Gules, attired and'.uriguled. Sable; -impeding, 'Quarterly, r. and^ 4. per fefTe Sable
. and Azure, a pale counterchanged, -'three tarns falienr of the feeond;' attired arid
:.- unguled Or ; -a. and, 3, two 'rabbits in chevron Azure. Th'eGjovers were re-incor
porated by, 'ehirks'l.. 1638,- with a different coat. The covet of a book containing
the ftatutes of the Leatherfellers Company in the reigns of Henry VI. Edward TV/and
¦ Henry VII. engraved alfo; by Dr.' Rawlinfon, exhibited the refurrection of Chrift,
7 ..-.;,, ¦ ¦ -The

564 ST. «ELEN*.
The Company hold their meetings in a large building of fome antiquity at the
Eaftern end of Little St. Helen's; but, as I have received no encouragement in
my enquiries, it is imppflible to give accurate information from other quarters.
The paffage to Crofby- fquare from Bifhopfgate-ftreet is cut through the mag
nificent hall built by Sir John Crofby. And this is of confiderable extent at pre
fent, being 87 feet in length, 28 wide, and 36 high. I can fay nothing more.
than Stowe and others have already done of its hiftory. Sufficient intereft is
attached to it from the circumftance of Shakefpeare's having noticed it in the
play of Richard III. And here, no doubt, many of the plans of that fanguinary
ufurp.er were fabricated. Poflibly the Oriel window hath been the fcene of his
happier feftive moments. Tall and majeftie, it would have honoured the refidence
even of a virtuous monarch. The Weft fide affords a range of beautiful Gothic
windows, in addition to that juft mentioned. Upon afcending a number of fteps
we reach a door, cut through the wall, near the bafe of the windows, and, enter
ing, find a floor placed the whole length of the building, for the perfons em
ployed in packing bales of goods for exportation, and to remind us, by the wain-
fcotting on the walls, it was once a diffenting meeting. Another floor, a few
feet higher, has been added, whkh prevents a view of the roof, without another
afcent. I fhall endeavour to defcribe this building as it would appear were all the prefent
.obftructions removed. On defcending from the firft-mentioned floor we reach
the antient ftone pavement; but of the ftate of this part I can fay but little, it
being the receptacle of various large packages. On the Weftern fide is the bafement,
-confifting of five fides of the beautiful Oriel window noticed above. Three cluf-
tered pillars rife from each pedeftal in the corners, and afcend till the capitals range
with thofe of the other windows. The columns againft the main wall which bound
it are connected by a deprefled pointed arch. In the centre of the roof of the
window are the arms (probably) of Sir John Crofby, the ribs of all the arches
¦diverge from this fpot, and are bound by a lozenge fillet, ornamented with rofes
at the interfections. This window is divided into three compartments, in
height, each int-o two pointed arches. The inward and outward lines of the
fmaller windows are adorned by cluttered pillars, and the arches are of pure
Gothic. Between them, on a line, with the capitals, are octagon brackets, two
fides in the wall, containing quatrefoils, and embattled cornices ; and from thofe
-the main ribsof the roof afcend, fet with rofes. A beautiful frieze of quatrefoils, in

, ^WSfe'^lVo^ *S*r

'^^^€a^y

S%&>&ks%edJ&w?y/<?cJS*6y J?.? //<&&<?&??

ST. HELEN'S. 56*
in divfions, with van embattled cornice, goes round the room. Three rows of
pendants range along the roof, connected by pointed arches, rifing from orna-
ments> like the before-mentioned brackets. Intermediate ribs and firings divide
the cieling into a vaft number of oblong pannels ; and the angles between the
arches are fluted. The only light received by the lower ftbryis from a vaft win
dow, the width of the hall, at the South end. And it is hence the paffage into
the fquare has been taken. The North and South ends are in a ftate of complete
derangement from their original finifliing; On the Eaftern fide of which is a very
large chimney, clofed by two doors, not unlike thofe of a prifon. See the plate
of the infi.de. ~f : ¦
A portion of the building extends Weftward, towards Bifhop fgate-ftreet ; but
it is fo thoroughly mutilated it is impoffible to afcertain the exact former connec
tion with the. hall. A modern floor croffes the antient windows ; but one of
Meffrs. Holmes and Hall's workmen informed me, that he had known a ftuccoed
gilded cieling, with pendants, to have exifted fome years paft; which were
removed to obtain room. This place bears the name of .council- chamber among
the men ; and, were I to hazard an opinion, it would be in fuppofing- this to
have been an ante-hall, and that it was originally open to the. roof, which is
divided into fquare compartments by ribs ornamented with rofes* Each com-*
partment contains beautiful Gothic tracery, and the whole cieling forms a pointed
arch. The windows are Gothic, with cluftered pillars on their fides ; .and be
tween each are niches, with other pillars, connected by pointed arches with thofe
farther on. There are two ftories of windows and niches on the South fide.
At the North-weft corner, on the pavement, is a large Gothic chimney-place,
with pillars, and a flat pointed arch ,• and further North a door.
This ground part is in the tenure of another gentleman ; and the fpace above is
ufed by Meffrs. Hal, &c. as a place for heating large iron plates to prefs calli-
mancoes, s &c, 7
Both the roofs are of oak. ' ;
Crofby-fquare is fmall, but contains many good houfes, the refidence of
wealthy merchants. Onpafiing Eaftward, through an old brick arched gate, we
arrive at the baggage warehoufe to the Honourable Eaft India Company, which
occupies a large piece of ground. This -building is for the reception of contra
band goods, where fales take place at ftated periods. From this purgatory there
is no redetription for the articles feized, unlets the owner or his friends attend for
the purpofe of getting them as they can ; perhaps, if goods of much" excellence
Vol. III. Cccc or

566 ST. HELEN'S.
or beauty, through the oppofition of many bidders. And here, finally, the
duties mufi be paid. The fize of the warehoufes, and the bufy fcene in the
court-yard, fufficiently explain the extent of this portion of the Company's efta
blifhment. An indented line of courts leads from this place into Great St. Helen's. In one
of them are feveral antique houfes. To trace who have refided in them, and the
number I fhall have occafion to mention in the courfe of my work, would ex
tend it beyond a poffibility of endurance ; I ihall therefore defcribe them only.
One is of plafter, moft curioufly moulded into human figures, cherubim,
fcrolls, feftoons, &c. &c. Another is adorned with pilafters, in imitation of
a twifted bandage, and the roof divided into fmall pediments. And a third,
of the Tufcan order, with pilafters, frieze, and a cornice. The above are of
brick. It may not be difpleafing to my readers to hear who Sir John Crofbie was, who,
with his wife, has the oldeft monument in St. Helen's church, in what was the
chapel of the. Holy Ghoft, on the South fide of the choir, engraved in Mr.
Gough's Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain, vol. II, pi. xciii. p. 243.
The firft mention that occurs of Sir John Crofbie in our records is in the will
of Henry Lord Scrope of Mafham, who washeheaded at Southampton for being
concerned with Richard Earl of Cambridge, and others, in the plot againft
Henry V. and left him a woollen gown without- furs, and icos. *
In the entry of his arms in a book in the. Heralds-college, marked M. 11. f. 20.
he is ftyled fherifF of London, 1470, and of the Grocers' Company. He was
made a knight by Edward IV. 147.1, when, as 'alderman -j-, and fheriff of that
city, he,, with the mayor, aldermen, and other citizens, went out to meet that
prince between Shoreditch- and Iflington, on his coming to London, May 21,
'that year £. The next year he was appointed one of the commiffioners to fettle
the differences with the Duke of Burgundy, and to treat with the governors of
the Hans towns \ ; and the next year concerning removing difficulties in the
* Rymer, Feed. IX. 278. Dugd. Bar. I. 66.0. Stow.e. had readof John Crofbiej, to whom Hen
ry VI. a. r. 7. 1406, gave the wardfhip, of Joan, daughter and fole heir 'to Johnjordane, fifhmonger,
&c. This he thinks might be father or grandfather of Sir John.
+ Abraham Fleming, from J. S. in Holinlhed's Chronicle, II. ?02, fays he had been mayor of
London ; but this is. a miftake. Salmon's Eilex, p. 48. quotes Stiiangemao, ex reg. Coggefhall abbey.
t Stowe's Chron. 4*5. % Rymer, XI. 738. intercourfe;

ST. HELEN'S. 561
intercourfe with the Dukeof Burgundy*. He1 was a membbr of thfe Grocers'
Company,; and a merchant in wool, and raifed a handfome fortune by trade, in
the reigns of Henry VL and Edward IV. with which he probably purchafed the
manor of Hanworth and lands in Feltham adjoining, in the county of Middlefex,
and which enabled him to erect the large and beautiful manfion-houfe (the higheft
at that time in London) that ftill retains his name, in Biihopfgate-ftreet, in place
of certain tenements and 'their ; appurtenances granted to him by Alice Afhfield,
priorefs of St. Helen's, and the convent, for 99 years, from 146.6 to 1565, for
the annual rent of nl. 6s. 8d.
" Richard Duke of Gloucefter, lord protector, afterwards king,- by the name
of Richard III. and fince his time Archibald Bonvice, a rich merchant of Italy;
dwelled there; after him Garm'an Cioll, then William Bond,' alderman, increafed
this houfe in height, by building a turret on the top,- and died' 1576. Divers
ambaffadors have been lodged there frorh> Denmark and France. Sir John Spencer,
alderman, purchafed it, and kept his mayoralty there 1594Y." In Stowe's time
it lodged Rofney, the French ambaffador, arid probably afterwards the' youngeft
fon of William Prince of Orange, and others.
By his laft will, dated March 6, 147 1, proved Feb. 6, 1475, a copy of
which at full length may be feen in the Appendix to the fecond volume of
Mr. Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, No. IV. ; after bequeathing confiderable
fums to the nuns of St. Helen's, Floliw.ell, Stratford, and Sion, to the Auftin
and Crutched Friars, the Friars Minors, Preachers, and Carmelites, the hofpitals
of St. Mary without Bifhopfgate, Bedlam, St. Thomas Southwark, Elfing, and
St. Bartholomew, the Minoreffes, and the Charterhoufe, and to- the gaols of
London and Southwark, for their, prayers .and relief, and inftituting a folemn
obiit, anniverfary, or twelve months mind, at which the Grocers' Company were
to affift, (and after the deceafe of his wife, and all his executors, they were to
be the truftees for that purpofe) he gave to the repair of St. Helen's church 500
marks ; and his arms were to be feen in Stowe's time, both in the ftone-wbrk,
timber roof, and glazing; among poor houfekeepers in Bifhopfgate ward 30 1.;
to the repair of Hanworth church, Middlefex (the manor of which belonged to
him) 40I. ; of Bifliopfgate and London wall iool. ; towards making a new tower
of ftone at the South-eaft of London-bridge, if the; famewere-begun by the Mayor
* Rymer, XI. 739. f Ihid. 7781
C c c c 2 and

568 ST. HELEN'S.
and Aldermen within ten years after his deceafe, iool. ; to the repair of Roehefter-
bridge iol.; to every prifon in London liberally. Alfo he gave to the wardens
and commonalty of the Grocers in London -two large pots- of filver chafed, half-
gilt, weighing 131b. 50Z. Troy weight, to be ufed in their common-hall * : to his
daughter Joan 200 marks.; to his. wife 2Q00L as her dower, befides all her and his*
cloths and furniture, and his leafe under the priorefs of St. Helen's, for her life.
The above fums were to be raifed by fale of his manor of Hanworth y, and other
lands in Feltham, in the fame county, within two years after his deceafe ;¦ or, if
there was a fufficiency without fuch fale, the faid eftates to go to his wife, or the
child fhe might chance to be great with at his death ; or in default thereof to his
daughter Joan, and her heirs ; failing thefe, to his coufin Peter Chriftemas, and
his heirs ; and in default thereof to the Grocers' Company, to be fold, and the-
amount divided among themfelves, and in charitable ufes, as in his will fpecified.
Our hiftorians celebrate the liberality of this worthy citizen in thefe public
repairs. The refidue of his effects, after the deceafe of his laft wife, being
diftributed -agreeably to his will, one inftance of this diftribution remains, to.
the church of Theydon Gernon, in Effex, commemorated by the following
infcription § in raifed letters :
 IsprSjohri
Crnfbf, fcnpght, aiuerman
anti grocer of Honunir, ano
®ame 3nne arm 3nne£ fcte tniffjf, of
tohofe goDp£-toa£ getoen; .... totoarb
the erecting of tf)# ttepeir,
2nno Wm 1420..
* Thefe were probably loft in the fire of Lond'on, or during the civil wars-, and with them all me
morial of the benefaflflohs and benefaftor j for not the leaft entry of either is to be found in the well-
regulated books of this Company. .
f He prefented to the church in 1477, and John Crofby, gent, in 149.8, as of their own right,.
probably as lords of the manor. Newcourt., vol. I. p. 629. Lyfons's Hiftorical' Account of Middlefex
parifhes, p. 93.
J Of which a facfimile is given in Dr, Eegge's .-" Sylloge of Inscriptions;," in the Bibliotheca' Topo
graphies Britannica, No, XLI. PI. XVII. p. 74.
Gresham

ST. HELEN'S. 369
Gresham House, or College,
was on. the fite of the prefent Excife-office, and the manfion of that excellent
citizen Sir Thomas Grefham. After having been the fcene of his repeated hofpi-
talities, and willing to render it beneficial, even after his death, to pofterity, he
bequeathed it by his will, dated the 4th of January, 7 Elizabeth, in truft, to the
Corporation of London and the Company of Mercers, with the Exchange, on
condition that they paid 603I. 6s. 8d. per annum to feven lecturers, 8 alms-people,,
and fome other charities.
The lecturers and poor were to refide in the Colleges.
In the •year 1704 the above truftees, thinking the ground too valuable to lay
thus without improvement,, petitioned the Houfe of Commons for leave to take
down the buildings, they promifing to rebuild lodgings for the lecturers on the
fpot, and" the alms-houfes in another fituation. This application was unfuccefs-
ful. Sir Thomas had ordered that each of the profeffors fhould receive 50I. fer
annum, *'* reading lectures within myne now dwelling-houfe in the parifh of
St. Helen's ;" and that four fhould be provided by the City, the remainder by
the Mercers ; and my will is, that none fhall be chofen to read any of the faid
lectures fo long as he fhall be married, nor be fuffered to read any of the faid
lectures after that he fhall be married.
1760. The two Corporations, ftill having in view the increafed value of the
ground, united in another petition, for leave to remove the obftructions to their
plan; promifing " to provide a proper and convenient place for the exhibition of
the faid lectures ^ and to make fuch additional allowances to the readers of the
lectures for the time being, as fhall be thought an adequate compenfation for the
apartments now enjoyed by them." '~^
There are few, difficulties perfeverance will not remove ; and, though 64 years
had elapfed fince the application of 1704, 1768 produced a bill, which was
pafled-, for carrying into execution an agreement for the purchafe of Grefham-
eallege, by the Commiffioners of Excife, for building an Excife-office on the
fite By this act k was- provided, the Corporation fhould find " a fufficient and
proper place for the profeffors to read their lectures in ;" which room is over
the South-eaft fide of the Royal Exchange. The difcourfes of Michaelmas term
1800 were every day in the week,, and thus arranged,:. Monday, divinity; Tuefday,

5io ST. HELEN'S.
Tuefday, civil law ; Wednefday, aftronomy and mufic ; Thurfday, geometry ;
Friday, rhetoric ; Saturday, phyfic. And the profeffors are : John Henry
Parker, A.M. divinity; Thomas Taylor, LL.D. civil law; Peter Sandiford, A. M.
aftronomy; Theodore Aylward, M.D. mufic ; Samuel Kettilby, D.D. geometry;
Jofeph Waugh, A.B. rhetoric; Chriftopher Stanger, M. D. phyfic.
The above opportunity was adopted by the lecturers for removing the reftric-
tions. of Sir Thomas concerning their living a life of celibacy, and thefe they
thought fhould vanifh with their cloifters. Vanifh they did, and the lift of
profeffors fince 1768 will furnifh many excellent patterns of good hufbands
and kind fathers.
The only view of this houfe or college (which, after the Royal Exchange was
deftroyed by the fire of London, ferved as a common refuge to the merchants of
London) is to be feen in Profeffor Ward's Lives of the Grefham profeffors.
The Royal Society owed its foundation to the learned who conducted thefe
lectures, which . before the civil war were conftantly read and well attended.
Upon the breaking out of the national troubles feveral learned and curious gentle
men, both in London and Oxford, in order to divert their minds from thofe me
lancholy fcenes, applied themfelves to experimental inquiries, and the ftudy of
nature, which was then called the new philofophy, and at length gave birth to
the Royal Society. As their numbers greatly increafed, feveral of the Grefham
profeffors joined them, and the affairs of the College became interwoven with
this illuftrious. Society * ;" which held part of this fpacious building. The
gallery on a colonade on the South fide contained their library and mufeum.
Tuefday Aug. 6, 1686. Prefent at the committee Sir Thomas Witherley,
Praefes, Dr. Bicwell, Sir Thomas Millington, Dr. Brookes, Dr. Goodall. The
fokowing letter -f-, fent from Sir Chriftopher Wren to Sir Thomas Millington,
was read, which concerned the library :
" Sir, I am really afraid to take away the partition and floor next the kitchen.
Idid not like it at firft view ; but when it appeared to me evidently (when I was
laft there) that the front wall next the court leans inwards nine or ten inches, and
poffibly more upon examination ; that the wall is but two bricks befides the afhler,
* Which may be feen in Dr. Willis's Account of his own Life ; in the preface to Langtoft's Chro
nicle, vol.1, p. 161. Ward's Lives of the Grefham profeffors, preface, x.
f Ayfcough's Catalogue ;of MSS. in the Britifh Mufeum. which

ST. HELEN'S. sil
which leans heavy upon it ; that it is a fingle building ; that the oppofite wall
muft be taken away, with a ftack of chimneys ; I dare not infure it from an acci
dent we may repent of. And therefore I crave leave not to be the author of it.
However, I fent this morning the joiner to take away the end wainfcott of the
drawing room and chimney-piece. Then you may proceed to take down' the
great chimney. When that is removed, you will find the kitchen big enough,
with a gallery, and opening the little room into it, to contain all your books :
nay, all the. good books, garbled from trafh, that ever were fet out, in the faculty
of 300 yards, if fhelving will do it. We can reduce the windows into one greater
in the middle, without. difturbing the wall alone, or wainfcotts. And I prefume
this may be done 120I. cheaper. I will meet you there, when they are ready to
take down the chimneys, that I may caution Llatton about the cielings, and fee
whether his demands are reafonable, which I can better do when it is laid open.
It is commendable in a phyfician to give fafe advice ; and if I do as I would be
done by, pardon your moft affectionate humble fervant,. Chr. Wren."
As that part of the College mentioned by Sir Chriftopher was fo much decayed
and deranged in the year 1686; it is but reafonable and fair to conclude, the
reprefentations respecting its want of great repairs, and the expence of them, .
were truly ftated in the fubfequent applications to Parliament.
Charles II. was expected to honour the- Society with a vifit. The experiments -
neceffary to furprize and pleafe him were not eafily fixed on, as we find from a
letter written by Sir Chriftopher. to Lord Vifcount Brounker, inferted in the
Parentalia. The Society having purchafed the houfe of the late Dr. Brown, in Crane-court *,
Fleet-ftreet, began their meetings there Nov. 8, 1710, and foon after removed*
thither their library, and repofitory. . From hence they finally removed to the:
apartments allotted to them by the royakmunificence. in Somerfet houfe.
Ike workmen began. to pull down Grefham- college Auguft 8, 1768. .
* Of the houfe and mufeum in Crane-court, and the Royal Society's removal to Somerfet-houfe,
fee before, under St,.Duriftan's, p. 4^7.

Excise

173 ST. HELEN'S.*

The Excise Office
is a beautiful ftone-building, and the defign certainly equal to many of the works
by the celebrated architect whofe letter has been printed in p. 570.
It is of great extent, the front in Broad-ftreet. The proportions of the double
bafement are well preferved, as well as the ftories above, which confift of a prin
cipal and Attick. There is a flight projection in the centre, and on it a pedi
ment The arch is in this part, through which a flight of fteps lead to an area,
three fides of which contain various offices, connected with the great national
revenue, to explain which would require half the contents of the Journals of the
Legiflature. St. Helen's parifh in 1800 contained 128 houfes; 306 males, 339 females;
total 6$$ perfons.

INDEX

[ 573 ]

GENERAL IN

OF
ARTICLES AS THEY OCCUR IN SUCCESSION.

CATHEDRAL rf St. Paul.
Summary of the Bifhops of Lon
don p'5
Biographical account of Henry
Compton, bifliop ot" London it- id.
——  Bp. John Robinfon 7
¦ Edmund Gibfon ibid.
•  Thomas Sherlock 8
 Thomas Hayter Hid.
 Richard Ofbaldefton Hid.
 Richard Terrick ibid.
 Robert Lowth 9
¦•  — Beilby Porteus fbid.
Nature of the office of Dean of
St. Paul's 10
Directions for the election of
Deans 1 1
Their inftallation 12
Inftallation of Dr. Pretyman,
1787 ibid.
Lift of Deans from" 1700 14
The Dean's refidence 15
Archdeacons of London, &c. 17
The Precentor ig
The Treafurer ibid.
The Chancellor ibid.
The Prebendaries 20
Rental of Holborn prebend 133 1,
ibid.
Lift of Refidentaries fince 1 700 2 1
Minor Canons and Vicars 22
Hiftory of their College ibid.
.Founders of Portions " 25
Lift of Minor Canons from 1597
to 1804 26
Taxation of the whole body of
Priefts of St. Paul's, 14 Hen-
. . ry VIII. 30
-Vol. III.

Ecclefiaftical valuation of the
diocefe of Loudon 34
Royal charters and grants to
St. Paul's from the foundation
to the prefent time 35. 43
Annual value . of the church
revenues 43
Churches in the gift of the Dean
and Chapter 44
Receipts of the. Chamber of
St. Paul's about 1300 ibid.
Expences of the church 45
Chantries ibid.
Alignment of altars for them 46
Sir John Sharp's account for
Baldock's, 1515 47
Lift of chantries at their diflb
lution 48
Decay of them, and mifapplica-
tion of offerings 51
Alms diftributed 52
Seizure of chantry lands belong
ing to St. Paul's 54
Antient tombs in the church,
&c. 56
Origin of the church 59
Sprites in the crypt, 1802 60
Prove to be Dr. Donne in his
winding-fheet, &c. 61
Horn of an animal facrificed
found 62
Miftions from the Popes to eftab-
liih Chriftianity in England ibid.
Meat from the altar transferred
from the Heathen Gods to the
people 6 j
Building and dedication of St.
Paul's ibid.
Burnt and rebuilt 64, 65
Original memorandum of the
Dddd

ft"\v work, rg ,32 . 67. Reli&s
placed in the ball of the
fpire 68. De.Saye's accounts
of work, 1326, 6H. Spire
burnt ibid. Again 69. Let
ter from the Privy Council to
the Bifhops for contributions
to rebuild the church 70
Prefentments on the ftate of
St. Paul's temp. Eizabeth 71.
Church ruinous, temp.Jameal.
75. Eftimates of materials
and money for repairs 74
Pifture painted by Mr. Farley 76
James I. vifit to St. Paul's 77.
Dr. Corbet, bifliop of Nor
wich, letter to his clergy for
contributions ibid.
Proceedings of Inigo Jones in
the repairs 80. Sir Paul Fin
der's piety 81
St. Paul's a ftable during the In
terregnum 82
Extrafts from the CommifTion-
ers' books after the Reftora'
tion 83 . Burning of St. Paul's,
1666, 84. State of St. Paul's
after that event, from the
Commiffioners' books 84. .Or
ders for rebuilding 85. SirC.
Wren appointed furveyor 87,
Proceedings 88
Anfwer to the Commiffioners'
cicpular letter from Edward,
Norwich 89. Gilbert, Cant.
90. Seth, Sarum ibid. Wi).
liam, Landaff 91. Richard,
Ebor. 9a. John, Ceftren. 93.
James, WSgorn, ibid, Guy,
Briftol. 94. Herbert, Here
ford* ibid.
Further

574

GENERAL INDEX.

Further proceedings of the Com
miffioners and Privy Coun
cil 95. Letter from Bifliop
Compton to Archbifhop of
Cant. ibid. Commiffioners'
ftatement of debts, &c. 97
Progrefs of the works, from
1666, annually 98. Particu
lars of the mafonry and fculp
ture 100, 101. Comparative
view of the dimenfions of
St. Paul's and St.-Peter's, Rome
102. Latham and Gibbon's
charges for fculpture and
carving 104. Strong's 105.
Smith builds the organ,
charges io5. Sculpture by
Cibber, and charges ; Bird
ditto 106, 107. Stone taken
by the French, purchafed in
France, and ufed at St. Paul's
as firft intended 109
Prefent ftate of St. Paul's Hid.
General effeiSt 1 10. Infide of
the church, and critique on
it 1 1 1 . Sir James Thornhill 's
paintings, and damp in the
dome 114. The church
cracked, and fettles in;.
Defcription of the ftruclure
of the dome 116. Decay of
Portland ftone ibid.
The great bell 117. Phenome
non in its found 118. Offer
of the Royal Academy to
adorn St. Paul's with point
ings ibid. Admiffion of
tombs 1 19. Mr. Bacon's let
ter to Mr. Nichols on 'the
tombs of Howard and John
fon 120. The epitaphs 122, 12.3
Allegory abfurd in the new
tombs 124. Captain Burges' s
epitaph 1^5
The library 126. Scarce edi
tions 127
Defcription of the French colours
captured at different periods 128
St. Faith's church and tbe crypt,
Tombs and infcriptions there
Antient form of wbrlhip in St.
Paul's 134. Indenture be
tween the Dean and Chapter

and Herebright, temp. Rich
ard II. ibid. Ornaments of
the altars, and offerings 135,
136. Shrine of St. Erken
wald, &c. 137. Statues :
indigencies. Exequies of
the King of France, 1 574, 139.
Facetious fpeech of Arlotto 140
St. Nicholas, and the Child
Bifhop ibid.
Choir chant in the fpire 142.
Deftru&ion of the Roman
Catholic rites and ornaments,
1549, and votes of the Com
mons, 1643, 143. Defcrip
tion of the altar utenfils ufed
at prefent 144
Sons of the Clergy 143
Charity-children attending St.
Paul's 146. Ceremonies when
the King returned thanks in
1789 _ 147
Convocations J49
Remarkable occurrences within
St. Paul's, in events relating to
Sebba, Ethelred, King John,
Sir Gerard Braybroke, Hen
ry VI, with Lidgate's lines
on his proceeding to St. Paul's,
the marriage of Prince Arthur
toCatharine of Arragon (with
the. original orders of council),
Richard Hunn, Cardinal Cam-
pejo, taxing the clergv, Queen
Elizabeth's thankfgivings, and
the interment of Sir Jofhua
Reynolds, with anecdotes of
that great painter 150 — 174
Pulpit Crofs, accounted for ori
ginally 174. From this page
to 180 are recorded every
event worthy notice relating
to the ufes made of it for
anathemas, political fermons,
&c.&:c. Sermons at St. Paul's
and the Crofs 180
St, Paul's intended by Mtnaffah
Ben Ifrael forafynagogueiSi.
TheHolpital and Chapter-houfe
ibid. The Bell-tower and
Charnel 182. Pardon clrarch
hawgh, Dance of Death on
the wall, and the antient
Library 183
Shyrington's chape!/ the .Bifliop

of London's palace, the Chap
ter-houfe 184
St. Paul's School, origin 184.
Anecdotes of Dean Colet and
Erafmus 187. Erafmus's ac
count of the School 189.
Abftract of the Dean's fta
tutes 190. Orders of the
Truftees relating to exhibi
tions 193. Indenture be
tween Dean Colet and the
Prior of St. John of Jerufa
lem 194. Infcription in the
Library 195. Defcription of
the School. 196. Verfes by
Mr. Sharpeibid. Prefent ftate
of St. Paul's church-yard 197.

Clerkenwell, St. James.
Derivation of tha name, and
myfteries afted there, with
the foundation of the Priory.
199. Particulars of gifts to
the Priory 200. Names of
the PriorefFes, and burial of
the laft 202. Defcent of the
fite 203
Parifh Annals extra&ed from
tfce Veftry and Churchwar
dens' books, including parti
culars of the grants of the
Church, Vicarage-houfe,, ex
communications, parilh ar
mour, the Earl of Effex temp.
Elizabeth, church rents, con
tested elections of curates,
rebuilding the church, difco
very of bodies, &c. 203-^209
Epitaphs in the old church 209
Bifhop Burnet and family found
2 j 2. Infcription On the firft
ftone, defcription of the
Church 213. Monuments in
the prefent church- 214
The regifters, of marriages 215.
Baptifms 216. Burials 218.
Including biographical notices
of Sir Thomas Cheeke, Sir
T. Chaloner, John Weever,
Thomas Britton, an4 Bifhop
Burnet.
Curates fince 1700 224. De
fcription of the outfidie of the
church, eminent Undents 1619.

GENERAL INDEX.

575

ifi'ig, refidents and their
rents 1677, and landholders 225
Extra&s from the parifli will-
book 226. Parilh children
and number of houfes and
population 227
Workvhoufe and Spa-fields 228.
Spa chapel and Countefs of
Huntingdon 229
Iflington Spa 230. Sadler's
Wells, including a complete
hiftory of that place 2?r.
Bagnigge Wells 237. New
River 238
Seffions-houfe Clcrkenwell-
grcen ibid. Cncbtiige ftool,
Clerkenwell Prifon, and
Bridewell 240
Pentonville Chape', how built,
defcription, altar-piece 242,
243. Monument in- the Cha
pel 244
Evening amufements of the
citizens of London 245
Particulars of the Quaker Meet
ing, Workhoufe, and Charity-
fchool, Red Bull Playhoufe,
and prefent population of the
parifh 246

Clerkenwell, St. John.
Hiftory of the order of St. John
of Jerufalem 247. Illumi
nated MS. ibid. A ffiftance
, afforded the order at Rhodes
by St. John's, Clerkenwell 250.
Names of the Mafters of the
Temple, of thofe of the Hof
pital of Jerufalem, and. of
St. John of Jerufalem in Eng
land 2j 1 — 256. Plaees where
they held lands, and the foun
dation of St John's 256. De-
ftru&ion of the Priory by "Wat
Tyler, and their rules 257.
Frofeflion of brethren, and
comniandries, and letter from
Clement Weft to the Prior
259. Inventory of articles at
Yeveley and Barovv r 509, and
letter from W. Tyrell to the
Prior 260. Weft to Hen
ry VIII. 264. Extrafts from

the records of the order at
Malta 262. Dedication of the
Church and altars 263
Chantries. 264. Diffolution of
the Priory, and defcent of the
church and fite 265. Pur
chafed for a parifli church,
and legal difputes between
the parifhes of St. James and
St. John it6. Church de
fcribed 267. Monument and
re&ors 268
Gentleman's Magazine original
ly published from St. John's
Gate 269
Cripplegate, St. Giles.
Tations of the vicarage and
chantries 270. Citywall27i
Parifh annals, Crowder's Well,
the plague 27a. The Queft-
houl'e 274. Cafe relating to
it ibid. Tranfadtions of the
veftry relating to Fowler,
bifliop of Gloucefter 278.
Divifion of the parifli 279.
Population/heir employment,
and number of houfes, 17 10
and 1 tfco, and parifh lands 280
Infide of the church and monu
ments 2&I — 285
The regifters, marriages 285.
Bapiifms 29a. Burials 294,
including biographical notices
of Oliver Cromwell, Reginald
Gray, Dr. Marbeck, with ex-
tra6ts from his manufcript
account of the expedition
againft Cadiz temp. Elizabeth,
John Speed, and John Mil
ton. Annual deaths compared
with thofe by the plague 302
Hiftory of the Fortune play
houfe, names of aftors from
the regifters 304
Vicarage houfe, vicars and their
publications ibid. Curious
articles in the Queft-houfe
305. Whitbread's brewery,
and Daniel De Foe 306

Dddd*

Chrjl Church, St. Katharine's.
Extract from Lord Audley's
will, and commencement of
parilh annals 307. Leffeesof
the re&ory, curates and their
falaries, receipts and payments
308. Curious particulars of
interludes a&ed in the church
yard 309. Churchwardens'
accounts continued to 314
Chantry, defcription of the con
fecration of the church by
Laud ibid. Comparifon be
tween his adminiftration of
the Sacrament with the Ro*
man Catholic method 315.
Archbifhop of Canterbury's
bigotry temp. James I. De
fcription of the church 516
Memorials of the dead 317.
Hegifters, burials 3 19. Gifts
to the poor and fchool, and
defcription of the crypt of
St. Michael 323
Bricklayer's Hall 321. Sane-
turn Sanfiorum of the Jewifh
Synagogue, and prayer for
the Royal Family near it 322
Aldgate, antient buildings, In
dia warehoufes 323

Chrifl Church.
Origin of the parifli, indenture
between Henry VIII. and the
City of London 324. Grant
contained in it of St. Nicho
las and St. Ewins, with the
Monaftery of the Grey Friers
3 25 . Arrival of Friers Minors
jn England 327. Building of
the church 318. Letter from
the Warden to Cromwell
temp. Henry VIII. 330. Vie
made of the church after the
Diffolution 33 1 . Eminent
perfons interred in it, and
„ burial of Queen Ifahel 332
Dilapidations and repairs of the
church of the Grey Friers,
from the veftry-books 33^.
Value of the plate, buildings
and fites of St. Ewins and
St. Nicholas 334. Painted glafs

576

GENERAL INDEX.

glafs in Chrift church, and
petition tor the due appoint
ment of minifters 3^5. iiihes
leafed 33'^. Annals, the pre
fent church, and the regifters,
baptifms, 337. Ma.riages
338. Burials ibid. Difco
very of a preferved body, de
fcribed 339
Monuments 340. Mr. Stock's
charities 342. Defcription of
the prefent church 345
Gifts fince 1700 346
St. Leonard, Fofter-lane, ac
count of it, chantries in it 347
St. Martin's le Grand, founda
tion ibid. Sanctuary there,
Deanry 348. Maud Queen
of England's writ to Walter,
- prieft of Witham, valuation,
diflblution, &c. 349
Rents in St. Martin's le Grand
1800 350
vicars of the united parifhes
Chrift's Hofpital.
Apoftrophe to the reader 350.
Effeds of Ridley's fermon
before Edward VI. 3 5 1 . Re
port of 1802 3 £2. Votes for-
rebuilding the Hofpital 353. .
Names of the fubfcribers and
funis fubfcribed 3 £4- Go
vernment of the Hofpital 35 ^.
Treafure'r's duty 356. Audi
tor, Renter, Almoner 357.
Phyfician, recommendation of
Dr. Downes by the College of
' i'hyficians, and that of
Charles II. 358. 359. Sur
geon and Apothecary 359.
Nurfe, Matron, &cJ &c 360.
Education and examination of
the children 361. Particulars
of mathematical education
362. Drawing 363. The
Steward's duty, domeftic
movements of the youth 364.
Exhibition of their writing
and drawing, ceremony of
the public fupper 365. The
building defcribed 306. The
Court-room and pictures 367.
The Hail, rat-catching, Hol
bein's great picture defcribed

37 t. Verriv.: painting 372.
Portraits 37.1
The College of ! hyficians, ori
gin 374. Notice in the Ga
zette from the College 375.
Difputes between the Fellows
and Licentiates 376. Elegy
on the death of Saffold 37.7.
Humorous reafons offered to
the College by the Company
of Upholders 37^. Foote,
and Difpenfary 380
Infide of the College, pictures,
bufts38i. Cenfors room and
pictures 383. Outfide of the
College 384

Chrift Church, Spitaljelds.
Origin of the parifh, Spital-
fields, rents, population 386
Defcription of the Church, and
expences of building it, rec
tors 38-. Monuments 388.
Infide of the church, plate,
and bells 390

St. Clement Danes.
Derivation of Danes, fewers,
Strand, and pavement. r^Ed-
ward III. 391. Soil of the
parifli, gradual increafe of
buildings, and population 392.
Patrons of St. Clement's and rec
tors 394 Infide of the church
and Kent's altar-piece 395
Monuments 396. Improve
ments round the church,
Butcher's-row, and antient
houfes 397
The. Savoy Hofpital, a complete
hiftory from the original of
ficial books 39? — 428
Defcription of the prefent ftate
of the buildings 429
Monuments 430

Si. Clement, Eqficheap.
Population, ftate of -the ftreets,
valuation of the living 431.

Chantries, re&ors, defcrip
tion of the Church 43 2
Monuments 433

St. Db}nyfius,
The Church and monuments
434. Gifts 439. Rectors
ibid. Chantries, Pewterers'
Hall, pictures 4.0. Account
of the trade, population of
the parifli, fyringes in the
church, dreadful accident in
it 441. Extract from Addi-
fon's Cato 442

St. Dujijlan's in the Eqfl.-
Population and fituation, value
of the living and patrons,
chantries 443. Fatal quarrel
in the church 14 17, rectors
444. Benevolent curate of
this parifli and his gifts,
Biographical notices of Dr.
Jortin, &c. 445. Defcrip
tion of the Church, monu
ments 446
Bakers' Hall, pictures, particu
lars of the trade, Earl of Sa
lifbury 440,

St. Dunftan's in the Weft.
Particulars of an interefting fuit
relating to the living and
tythes 450. Praife God Ba re-
bones, vicars 453. Friers —
Carmelites, Chantries 454.
Annals of the parifh from the
Veftry-books, Dr. Donne, the
Rolls, Queen Elizabeth, plate
4-<r 5. Defcription of the
Church, monuments 456.
Regifters, burials458. Grants
to the parifh, Grammar-
fchool 459. White Friers-
bridge, parifli fchool, com.
municants 1673, 460. An
tient houfes, improvements
461. Dimenfions of Temple
Bar, Pinchbeck 462
Scpttifh

GENERAL INDEX.

577

Seottifh Corporation, extract
from their own account of
themfelves 463. The Hall
and pictures defcribed 4*- 7
Si. Edmund the King.
Patronage, valuation, chantries
467. Rectors 468. Church
defcribed, monuments 469.
Population 471

St. Ethelburga.
Defcription of the Church, mo
numents 472. Patronage, St.
Michael.' rectors, taxation
1 291 473. Chantries 474.
Marine Society, Mr. Hick's
benevolence 474. Mr. Gar-
rick, renters of Drury Lane
Theatre, boy's received and
difcharged 475. Population
of the parifli 476

St. George, Middlefex.
Origin, population, the Church,
value of the living 477. Rec
tors, infide of tbe church 478.
Hawkfmoor and Gibbs,
Princes-fquarey' dreadful fire
*7y4 479

Si. George, Botolph-lane.
Population, fituation, patronage,
chantries, valuation 48 1 .
* Rectors, Church defcribed
482. Monuments 48 j

St. Giles in the Fields.
Hofpital of St. Giles, Aft of
K efumption 1 46 1 , Liber Hof
pitalis S. Egidii London 1402
485. Grant to Henry VII. by
the Warden, fall of the old
chureh 486. Dr. Manwar-
ings recantation and anecdotes
of him, Rectors 487. Pro-
teft of the Archbifhop of Can

terbury, &c. againft St. Giles
being one of the fifty new
churches 488. Monuments
489, Defcription of the
Church, Hawkfmoor. 491.
Monuments in the old church
492. Penderel's epitaph, and
narrative of theprefervation of
Charles II. 493. Bofcobel,
ex parte ftatements of popu
lation 497. Total annual rent
of the parifh 1 761, important
event in the antient hiftory of
it in that of Sir John Oldcaftle
498. Depravity of part of
the inhabitants 500. Lin
coln's Inn Fields, vile ftate
1734, Inigo Jones, Powis
Houfe, Duke of Newcaftle
501, ftate of Lincoln's Inn-
Fields, Surgeon's Hall, Mon
mouth-ftreet, &c. &c. 502

Guildhall.
Origin of London, air-built
cities, Strype's Stowe 504.
Liber Albus, King Lud, Bri
tifh kings interred in London,
Caefar's Commentaries 405.
Sir C. Wren's Obferva
tions on antient London 5061
Dr. Woodward's 507. Ro
man bricks, Britons favages
508. DifTertationon.the Tem
ple of Diana from Dr. Wood
ward's manufcript 509. Dr.
Woodward's refutation of Dr.
Gale 512. Extradt from
Pointer's pamphlet on a teffe
lated pavement 513. Mait-
land's origin of London, errors-
detected, London probably
founded by the Britons 515.
Arguments to remove fome of
the ftigmas affixed by the Ko-
man writers on th£ Britons 3 j 6.
Derivation of the word London
by Littleton, invitation to fpe- '
culatift's to eftablilli whether
Noah continued on the fite
where his ark refted C17. Ro
nton difcoveries in London
518 — <;2 2. Relapfe of the
Londoners into barbarity,
Cromlechs exeftion fuperior
t

to Roman works 322. Origin
of the prefent Guildhall ibid.
The chapel 524. Infide of
Guildhall, William Beckford,
efq. 525. His fpeech to the
King, and monument qa6.
Cenotaph of the Earl of Chat-
ham527. Infcription on it, and
pictures in the Hall 528. In*
jured by damp and duft, Com
mon-council chamber 529.
Critique on Copley's picture of
the deftruflion of the gun vef
fels at Gibraltar 550. Other
pictures q3 1. Compliment to
Alderman Boydelli&zcr'. Cham
berlain's apartment, and votes
of thanks of the Corporation
to various military and naval
commanders532. Otherapart-
ments and front of theHall534.
Charters from tow/>William the
Conqueror to Charles II.
535 — 547-

St. Helen's.
The Church, the Priory, their
feal, Kentwode's Rules for the
Nuns- 1-439 54^- Mildmay's
original Survey of the Priory
23 Henry VIII. 550
Chantries, rectors, annals ^52.
Infide of the church 5. "3.
Monuments 554. Benefac
tions 557
The regifters, marriages 558.
Baptifms ibid. Burials 559,
including a pedigree of the
Grettiams, ibid, and anecdotes
of Mr Julius Caefar. 560
Leatherfellers' Company, and
remains of the Priory of St.
Helen's $62. Their feal 563.
Defcription of Crofby Hall
564. Eaft India Baggage
Warehoufe 565. Anecdotes
of Sir John Crofby 566. His
will 567. Grefhanf Houfe,.
petition to take it down 5S9.
Grefham lecturers, Royal
Soci ty,. letter from Sir Chrif
topher Wren 470-
The Excife-office, and popula
tion of the parifh 57a,
1NDE3S.

( «» )

INDEX

TO
THE REGISTERS OF BURIALS AND MONUMENTAL
INSCRIPTIONS.

A.

Page.

P.ige.
Berners
2:41
Andrews
220
Bigland
223
Armiger
304
Bittifon
298
Afliton
403
Blake Bloomfield
430
301
B.
Blunt
*99
Bodington
343.
556
Bacon
283, 298
Eoloigne
247
Backwell
555. 556
Bond
560
Badcock
J33
Booth 132,
209,
222
Baker
298
Bofworth
340
Baltinglaffe
319
Bo verie
31^
319
Bancroft
555
Boyce
13a
Banner
284
Brackley
298
Banks
*33
Braybroke
I51
Barcroft
293
Brewfter
133
Barker
34S
Britton
3*3
Barnard
299
Brookfby
301
Barnfather
490
Brompton
458
Barrow
*33
Brooke
219
Barton
182
Brown
430,
560
Bathurft
301
Bryan
211
Baynes
210
Buck
395
Beare
298
Buckley
283
Becket
183
Budd
299
Beckford
483
Bullin
294
Bedingfield
209
Bullock
209
Belafyfe
492
Burch
430
Bell
212
Burdet
557
Belitha
448
Burgefs. «
299
Benger
219
Burkin
448
Bennet 133,
I34» »'9i
Burnell
222
301
Burnet 208,
212,
222,
Benfon
445
aa3
Bentley
222
Butler
220.
, 22J
Berchere
556
Berkley
209, 221
Bernard
vw
CaefarCampbell
CareyCarletonCarter
Cary Cater
ChalonerChambers ChanningChankes
Cha worth
ChefterChichefterChifwellChuteClarke 298,
ClayClifford CliftonCook ColetCoolingColfonComyn ConingfbyCope
CoppleftoneCorbet CornwallisCoventry Cox
Craven CrewCrookeCrofs
Page. 560 284 220
221 '33
448
433 218
457 133304
43° 220
338
344 298
459. 55<$
3°4 219 299 J33
189
284
339 132
219, 220492 222"7
492
222, 561 284
435 222298
2«4> "3
Damoufy
DawesDawkinsDickenfon DolphtDoreDouglas
Dowton »
DruryDubois
DuUifonDunnDuntDurley '-
Durnford
DuttonDyfme
Page. 430
319 319
301 45934455<>
3°4 294
283 220
458 132
55t
39°458 459
E.
Edwards 489, 556
Egertou 299, 300, 301
Filers Ethel red
Ewer
Exeter Eyles Eyre
Fairbeard FalknerFanfliaw
Farwell
Felfted Ferne
3*7 '5°
448
209, 221
56 r
458
223
39<>
222, .339 222 133
t, . '344
Fettiplace
INDEX TO THE EPITAPHS.

579

Fettiplace

268

Hatton

133

Finch

459

Hawford

490

Firebrace

S6i

Hayes

i33

Fifh

221
Hayward
$5*>
Fitzherbert
I32
Haywood
561
Flower
284
Hemmett
39°
Floyer
339
Henfe
220
Fontaine
172
Hewit
43°
Foote
5'°"
Hillare
*94
Fofter
221,
5<5l
Hillier
344
Fowler
3°4
Hoare
456, 458
Fox
281,
291;
Hobfon
223
French
284,
30I 4
Holcombe
304
Fulcham
2^8
Holder
134
Fulcis
3°3
Horder
133
Furbifher
295
Howe-
301, 560
Fytche
397
Howell
133
Fythyardett
220
HudfonHuefton
13 =
343
G.
Hull
H ungerford
4 59
298
Garett
448
Hunt
301
Gatford
434
Hyde
446
Gaufleii
555>
- <56
'
Gayer
3^9
I.
Geary
284
Geffery
438
Ingram
434
Gerckford
219
Ironfide
470
Gibbon
132
Ivey
317
Glover
i33
- Goodall
212,
55t>
J.
Goodrich
220
Goulburn
490
Jackfon
132, 229
Gould
134
Jacob
43«>
Gourney
447
Jennings
555
Grace
284
Jewer
344
Graves
339
Jenyns
43°
Gray
294
Jones
297
Green
433
Jortin
447
Grefham
559:
, 560
Joye
447
-Groves
318
Gunnell
3°4
K.
Gyles
5«5i
' Keeling
211
H
Kellum
Kemp
555> 557 222
Haddon
339
Kent
459
Hale
447
Killigrew
43°
Hall
J33
King
448
Hand 281,
282,
301
Knaplock
133
Hankey
435
Knight
132
Hare
224
Kniveton
4«9
Harris
284^
• *97
Kuhff
555
Harrifon
223
^Harvey
459
Haftings
560
Ladbroke Lane ¦
Laughton LawrenceLaffellLeeLeftrange Lettin Lewin Lewis LewtaerLiddellLinckebeckLifleLivefayLoweLuckettLucyLumley M.
Macafcree-
Mael Mackerniffe Mackintofh
Maddox
Mainauduc MainsfordMain waring
ManbyeMarbeck Margetfon
Markham
Marfden Marfhall
Martin 133,
MarwoodMaynard
Mel thorp
MeredithMertyns
Merry MeynellMiddletonMildmay
MillerMilnerMilton 284,
MirfinMitchell 212,
MooreMonoxMontague
557
388 13a
4595^ 2 20
298
49 1
43 5
222
437 297 298
47*
301 221284 134
299 560
211,
284
34< 298
396220 13322a 209
561 295 222
220
458
318, 457
435. 459
,339
556> 5°i 222344
339 2JJO
447
¦210 2I9
299
484300182
268, 435
284, 446 2223°r
299,
Mountford
Mudd MufardMufchineMynn
220299 134
339 22c.
N.
Naylor 209, 210
Neale 133
Nelfhorpe.209, 223> 224
Neville
45»
Newton
131, 210
Nicols
283, 301
Nurfe
396
o.
Oliver
Pace Paggen. PalmerParravicinPartridge PaynePearfoaP-ed
Peck PenderelPenton 314,
PerryPefkPeftill
Pierfon Pinder
PoePollard Pdrkin
PortenPoultney
Powell Price
ProwtingPyle
Pyne
r34
43*447 a 19
44*211 551
49«
222, 224
389, 560
492
223, 242
3^7 3*9
473 457283
301559 5603iS> 284
133, 322
472 447
396 344
Rawlinfon 435, 438
Reade 560
Revell 471
Reynolds 131
Richardfon 341, 458
Rickards
580

INDEX TO THE EPITAPHS.

Rickards

447

Somers

339

Thiirgood

209, 221

Weffeil

433*

Riley

210
Southgate
343,
Todd
284
Weever
221
Rizzio
53'
Soper
133
Torriano
299
Wharton
221,
222
Robinfon
89,
13a
Speed 281,
294,
298,
Towne
133
Wharwood
295
Rowden
i,34
299
Tuke
393
White 209,'
219,
284,
Rowe 220,
221,
222
Spencer
3J7
Tracy
220
555
Rowland
299
Spode
284
Trapp
. 34i
Whitefield
299
Roy ftone
344
Stagg
282
Trefliam
209
Whitfeld 285
-,, 283
,3QI
Stanhope
492
Triftam
556
Whitney
281,
298
S.
StanierStaynoe
556,
56i 339
Turner 133,
22 r, 447448
Widrington Wigfall
492 484
Sackford
320
Stewart
39^
Tyfon
437
Wight
132
Sackville
202
Stiles
56i
Williams
i.33
Sandiford
344
Stock
342>
345
V.
Wilfon
132
Savile
222
Story
458
Wingfield
219
Saunders
220
Stratford
3°4
Valence
221
Wifeman
i32>
221
Sclater
a<?9
Strengfellow
446
Vallingin
282
Witherly
470
Scott
220
Strode
209,
222
Vandol
298
Wood 209,
213,
220,
Sebba
15°
Strong
282,
283
Vyner
56i
222,
435
Sedley
222
Stubbe
133
Woodfell
284
Sellon
214
Sturton
219
W.
Woodhoufe
220
Shakefpeare
3°4
Symonds
221
Worfley
132
Shepherd
318,
4/i
Waghorn
47a
Wray
299
Shering
34i
T.
Wall
133
Wren
W>
*34
Sibbald
209
Waller
220
Wylloby
295
Sidney 209,
210,
300
Taylor 132,
284,
55^
Walfay
294
Wylfon
3°3
Silverton
284
Thorney
298
Waterman
447
Smart
294,
298
Thorold
492
Wayte
209
Z.
Smith
483;
555
Thorp
318
Westmorland
458
Snell
458
Throckmorton
3i7
Wefton 2 1 a,
220, 254
Zouch
221
index:.
( 581 )

INDEX OP NAMES.

A.

Page.

Page.

Page.
Bancroft
553
Bird
107, id8
Abbot
28
Banks 124
, 170, 281
Blackwell;
394
Abercrombie
53a
Barebones
453
Blackifton'
473
Abercromby
T26
-Baretti
140
Blenkarne
'55*
Adams
34
Barker
558
Blois
40
Addifon
442
Barkftead
26
Bloomer
394
Aere
47* 49
Barlan
2 '5
Blow
106, 18;
Agathonem
35
Barries 27,
53> 163,
Blunt
292.
Alfune
271
-•
-367
Bokerel
264
Allen 1 8,
246, 302
Barnet
138
Bologna
236
Altham
18
Barret
31
Bonaparte
532
Am and
*35
Earrington
21
Bond
5^7
Anderfon
216
Bartbn
i3°> 3 So
Bonner
: '42> 179
Andrews 20
, 26, 216
Bartolozzi
I73
Borham 24,
4°. 52> 54
335> 46«>
Barry
118
Bofvil
558
Apthorp
20
Baffet 39, 40, 46, 50,
Bofwell
J 73
Arklyn
30
5Z> 53
Boteler
558
Arlotto
139
Bateman
445
Botiller
251
Arnold
234
Bates
45 a
Bouchier
292 28
Arthur
160, 39$
Battle
27
Boughton
Afhwell
33
Batterley
408
Bourchers
287, 288
Athelftan
35
Baud
136
Bourne
179
Atkins
460
Beadon
18
Boverie
320
Atkinfon
26
Beauchamp
-S°> 57
Bowden
460
Atterbury
7
Be'auvais
199
Bowes
33'
Aubrey
58
Beckford
525, 5^7.
Boydell
5*9> 53*
Audley
307
Beckwith
30
Brackley
292
Auguftine
6a
Bedford
.468
Bradford
179
Ayloffe
217
Bell 19,
335' 3?o
Bradfhaw
292
Aylward
57°
Belmeis .19, 39, 64
Brady
3°7
Ayton
468
Belmine
25
Bragg
534
-
Bennett n, 2
9'32>33>
Brainford
46> 53
B.
226,
274,304
Brandon
49
Benningfield
204
Braunfton
217
Babington ,
260
Benfon
445
Bray
429
Bacon 58, 61
, 62, 70
Bentham
27
Braybroke 23
'¦> 5°. 57>
, iao, 180, 1
9°7 459>
Berkley 2 1 7,
218,394,
137.
J75> l84
,
526, 527
557
Brereton
26a
Bailey
29
Berhers
203, 208 ~
Bferewood
34
Baker 21.,
28, 488
Berry
532
Bridport
633
Balderfton 41a, 41a,
Bicwell
570
Briggs
20
421
Biggs
338
Brinley
216
Baldock4i,47
, 48> J35
Bing 2 '
;, 24, 26'
Briffet 199,
256, 263
, m-
Bingham
18
Bromley
Baldwin
_,, ¦, 20
Brph 203,
251, 398
Brooke
61, 337'
Vol. IIL
•*
E e e e
Page*
Brookfby 570
Brounker 571
Brown 30, 346, 383,
389. 571
Brownlow 2.15
Bruce 217, 218, 265
Brudenel 216
Buck J308'
Buckner 48?
Bulgyn 33
Ball 63
Bullock 31, 207
Burgefs 17, 24, 82, 124, 125
Burke 170
Burleigh 219, 265, 451
Burley ,56
Burnell 222
Burrows 394
Burton 215
Butler 15, ai, 215,552
Burgundy , 560
Burnham 42
Burnet 166, 218, 224
C.
Calamy
Calder
Cambell
Cambridge Camden 7,
Catnpejo
CampoCannonCarew
Carleton
Carnbck
"Carpenter Carr
Cartwright
Carwardine Cater
Cavendifh
Chair
*5h
312 53 a
an
56(5 528
169
35«>
'25. ..
173, 486
28,. 94
320
182, 183
2I3. 7920
34& 202 28.
Chalmers
582

INDEX OF NAMES.

Chalmers

5°9

Chaloner

216

Champneys
Charnock

29
274

Chaworth

84
Cheeke
216
Chefelden
502
Chicheley
>75
Child
4&>>
, 462
Chifhull 25, 46, 53, ^6
Chblmondley 217
' Chriftmas 56S
Chute 29a
Cibber 106, 107, 479
Cbl 567
Cipriani 118
Clapham 557
Clare 393
Clarendon 96
Clarke 18,29,30,31,
33»338,37°>384>5,;9
Claypoole 287, 289
Clements
Clifford 37, 138, 184
3%) 479 J95
475 234 18
338
39°
Clitherow ClovesClutterbuck
ClutterbuchCoates
CobdcnCobham Coborn
Cockyn 31, 59,61,77, 98
Cole 19, 408, 41a, 460
Colet 140
Colet 61, 185, 186, 187, 196
Collier 3 1
Col wall 370
Combe 330, 5.21
Compton 5, 6, 127, 558
Conihgfby 216
Conway 359
Cope 439
Cook 28, 41, 30.8, 400, 5*6
Cooper 456, 501
Copley 530.
Corbet 7 7
Cornwallis 1 5, 21, 1 15,.
* J°.> 53!, 533,
Corp 353
Corytan 445
Cotton 262
Coventry, 917, 218
CWper 501
Cox 30, 452
Craven 97
Crofts 91, 94
Cromwelli8i,a85, 330
CrookeCropley Crofby
CrofsCrowder
292 218
564, 566
•208 372
Crowther324, 339,346, 35°
Cumberland 1 1 8
Curling 24
Curtein 81
CurteisCurfon Cutler
D.
Danby Dance
DafhwoodDavid
DavisDawesDearmerDenham
DevaynesDevereux DevonfhireDibdin
DicetoDickensDimockDingly Dixie
DobbsDobfonDocwra DolbenDollond Donne ^g, 61
439 177
96, 384
450
118, 534
291
224,
232,
!94>
Donnes
Downing DorchefterDorfet 6,,
Doughty
Douglas-
Draglu Drake
Draper
DruryDubois
31
236 ae8
280 83
479 2x7 $>
a35
16, 43 87
468
55$> 557
215, 368
35«i 3^8
442
H9> 257
272
, 02, 453,
.455 358
29, 203
381, 385
168, 451
' 224 21
106
203 31
216235
Ducarel 7, 61
Dudley 33, 486
Dugdale 19, 35,46,54,
57* 59> 64. 66, 134,
137, 182
Duncan 128, 531, 533
Dundas 1 26
Dunkley 320
Eaton Eden
EdmondsEdwards 196,
Egerton 21,
Elliott - :
Ellis EmerfonEngland
EntErafmus
Erkenwald Effex
EftwickEvansEvves
Ewell EwerExeterEyre F.
Falkner
Fanfhaw Farley
FarmerFarnaby
Farrer FauconbergFawcett Fearfon
FeaftFeltonFenwickFieldingFinch
Fiflierz7, 177
FrtzherbertFitzjames 49,
FitzftephenFlaxman
FleetwoodFletcherFlitcroft
rS, $o
33
25. 3*
206, 226
293, 294 169
4<5o, 473473 214
358
187, 188
*3 &> 15?
205
27. 552 28
312 41
20, 56
393 20
jat;
338 15
22, 119
3°6430 287 40
243
*77"5
, 475
460, $$6
,178,521 29, 497
165.393 43
126, 388
93,. 287
26, 204
451
FoeFoliot 16,
FolyFooteForbesForcerFordFortefcueForfterFofter
Fowler 215
FranklinFrederick
FreemanFreind
FrenchFrodfham
¦Fuller Fulks
GabrielGaleGailyGall with
Gardner Garner
GarrardGarrickGarthGaftrellGatford Gaunt
29
ai8, 306.
2Jj 4'j 4&
3»7380 369
33* 206
394
374j
54;
57.
91>
278215369265
384 227
219 293 109
241
5"488 39°227 3841
4P 384558
439 402 202
George, St
Gibbon 29, 104, 112,
Gibfon 7, 18, 20, 395
GiffardGilbankGiminghamGifors
Glaffe Gliffon
Glocefter
497
473"440 '75
20, 241384
25. 567
453
Godolphin 14, 97, 404
GoocheGood-Goodall
GoodbehereGoodmanGoodwin Golding
Goldfmith
Gordon
18, 430
45938353i *9
28S 26
172
468
Gorges
28,
INDEX OF NAMES.

«3

Gorges 215
Gofling 27, 4.55, 462
Gough 61, 104, 254,
521, 548, 566, 567
Grant 453
Gravefend 25, 53, 37,
46, 52
Gray 20, 30
Greaves 508
Green 21, 27
Gregory 3^, 62, 63
Grefham 569
Gretton 18
Grevilc 299
Grey 53 3. 5°"2
Griffin 215, 553
Griffith 519
Grimaldi 236
Grimes 3°9
Grim ftone 460
Gulford 50
Gwyn 237
H.
Haddon 166, 338
Hale 382, 460
Hall 145, 387, 562
Hamden 288
Hamey 358
Hamilton 18, 19, 20,
61, 244, 307, ^33
Hand 271, 280, 305, 482
Handel 146
Hanfon 557
Hardcaftle 437
,Hardy 390
Hare 14,, 21
Harington 32, 33, 47
Harlington 9
Harlow 236
Harper 333
Harris 106
Harrifon 268, 289
Harvey 285, 381, 382,
,384, 385
Hafcard 394
Hatfield 138
Hatton 58, 61 , 98
Haughton 392, 346
Hawkins 10, 141, 144,
146, 232
- Hawkfmoor 387, 479
Hayley 487
Hayter 8

Haywood 55*
Hedger 119
Hearne 38
Heath 387
Heathfield 530, 531
Henchman 87
Heneage 58, 61, 309
Hennekir 521
Herbert 226
Herlackenden 217
Heron 226
Heflop 20
He wit 59, 98
Heylin 63, 143
Hey ton 216
Hickman 28
Hickman 30
Hicks 7, 30, 474
Hicktoft 48
Hoare 346, 463
Hobart 292
Hogarth 395
Holbien 173, 3^7, 371
Hollar 55, 137, 181
Hollingihuty 20
Hollis '393
Holmes 30,48>305, 565
Holt 216
Hawood 216
Hooke 405, 408, 412
Hooker Hopton 291
Hopwood 3 1
Home 30, 127
Horner - 29, 63
Hofey 32, 33, 165
Hotham 18, 25
Houghton 26
Howard 119, 120, 208,
217, 296
Howe 72, 126, 128, 531
Hubbard 215, 216
Hughes 234
Hukcley 408
Hulfe 33
Hulton 217
Hume 15, 20, a 1
Humfravile 46
Humphreys -387
Hunn' 164
Hunt a 16, 278
Huntingdon. 229
Hu-rft 343
Huffey 558
Hutchinfon 1 7
Hutton 27
Eee

Ibbetfon

'9

Idefworth

20

Incent

34

Ireton

287

Iflip

443

Ives

27

J.

Jack fon

22, J27, 119

Jacob

21 5

James

55*

Jefferys 2

2, 106, 119,

168

Jeffs

3°4

Jennens

34<5

Jennings

26

Jenkins

8.5

Jephfon

82, 120

Jervis

53 2. 533

Jervoife

209

Jewett

27

Johnfon

21, 173, 197

Jones 26

, 28, 73, 80,

82, 1

26, 198, 501

Jordan

2 79. 3°3

Jortin

j 8, 445

Jubb

18

Juvene

53

K.
Kauffnum 1 18
Keeling 218
Kemp 33, 50, $5, 57,
338
Kennet 254
Kent 395
Kentton 320
Kentwode 548
Kerrick 432
Kettilby 570
Killigrew 405, 408,
420, 421
King 19, 28, 79, 234, 388
Kingfton 24.
Kirke 86
Knapp 308
Kneller 104, 437
Knight 33, 89, 185, 187
Kyitnek 468

e 2

L.
Lacy 56
Lake 238
Lamb 271, 408, 412
Lambin 3$
Lambert 289
Lancafter 18, 402-
Langham 558
Langley 26
Langton 30, 263
Latham io^
Latimer 178
Laud 77, 88, Sg, 314, 316
Lauderdale 468
Lavington at
Lawes 300
Lawrence S3' 559
Lee 204, 224, 384
Legg 216
Leigh 489
Lely 367
Leman 368
•Lendon 244, 368
Lettfom 120
Leuton 36
Lexington 2 1 5
Lidgate 152
Linacfe 385
Lincoln 402
Lindfey 502
Lifle 218, 289, 486
Lift 450
Litlington 34
Littleton 460, 51.7
Livefay 2 1 7
Lloyd 28, 91, 92, 44J5
Lomeley $$%
Longland 8-8
Lonfdale 234
Loveday 227
Lovel37,47,49,5J,i<&3 Lowe 139
Lower 292
| Lowth' g, 20, 115, 275
Lumley 557
Luther 177
Lugge 26
Lynacfe 27
Lyndford 468
Lynch 44.?
Lyntoh *i
Lyfon* 3,3 7, 323

¦M,

5*4

INDEX- OF NAMES.

M.
Maddox 280, 348
Majendie 22
Maine 107, 126
Mainwaring 487
Maitland. ' 514
Malone 173, 302
Malorre 264
Mangey 127
Manners 309
Manfood 292
Maria 184
Marfh 452
Marfliall 86
Marfham 566
Martin 80, 13S, 3 12
Mafon 58
Mafters 27
Maurice 64
May 86
Maycock 26
Mayerne 382, 385
Maynard 460
Mayo 437, 478
Mead 382, 383
Medows ^33
Meen 20
Menage 236
Mence 29
Meredith 293
Mures 97
Merrick Merton 36
Micklethwaite 383
Middleton 96, 2 17, 23 1,
272
Mijboume 473
Mildmay 216, 55a
Milks 468, 469
Millington 383, 57b
Milne 126
Mitchell 265, 533.
Mclyneaux 285
Montague 418
Moore 29, 50, 148, 369
Moreman 166.
Morgan 29
Mdrland. 460
Mqin 2d
Mdrris 291, 37®
Morrifon 28, 216 '
Morton 2 1 7
Mofs 19, 10, 22, 126
Mounfon 293
Mountjoy 42

Moyer MundenMy 1 burn
Mylne

181 48 3i
238

N.

Nares 20
Naifh 552
Needham 408,413, 42 1
Neele 25, 31
Nelfon 531, 532, 533
Newbury 197
Newcaftle 206, 502
Newcourt 14, 15, 17,
46, 57, 254, 270
Newnham 53 1
Newport 25, 249
Newton 15, si, 118,
i27> 33<>, 501
Nichols 61, 120, 264,
.395. 485> 493' 529
Nicolas 17
Nicols 305
Nield 1240
Nightingale 24, 26
Norfolk 262
North 317, 460
Northampton 181, 208
Norton 34
Nott 324
No well 59, 175
O.
Oglethorpe 460
Oldcaftle 175, 498
Oldfield 26
, Oliver §8
^neley 408, 412
Onflow " 533
Orange 6
Orford 172.
Orton 3, 1
O-fbaldifton ' " 8
Ofborn 216
, Overbury- 452
"Overall 12
Owen- 31

Pace.
Pack-Paley
Palgrave

3*. 34. 177
3T3 20 34

63

PalmerPafken 285,
ParkinfonParr 20,
ParryPartridge
Paulavicinr Peake
Pearce 28, 2
PearfonPeck
Peed Pellet
Pemberton PembrokePenderelPendletonPennPennantPerkinsPerne Perry
Phelps Philips
Philips Pierce
Pierre PierfonPinderPinchbeckPinckney PinfoldPitt
Plants
Player Plumtre P-ococke
Poinfts
Pointer Poole
Pope
Popham Pofteus PortingtonPoiyPott
Poulet
PowisPownalPowntneyPratt Pretyman 1 2,
PricePrichard

30, 393
308, 482,
53^57° 20
123, 369
268, 370 182
292
320
9> 95» 9693
¦386 208
383
45°
4'. 58"
493 179
398
, 96, 209

109, 97.

42.

452 194
U7
197 34
166, 394
235 227 81
462 38 97
'*%' 86
38434°2165'3. 226
462 6
, 20
2784 »9
560
499, 26
48
40 5, 419
'i)'4..ijf 22
442. 473 387

*9

Prideaux 553
Pridden 29, 126
Pritchett 273
Puckering 23
Pulleyn 432
. Purcell 106, 146
Puttenham 141
Puy 257

Q.
Quatremain
Queenlbury

R.

Rahere

27
468

271

ivanere 271
Ramfey 71, 368, 528

Ratcliffe
Rawlins
Rawlinfon RawfbnRaymond
RaynerRaynsford RelphRennell

383
32. 34
485, 5:48, 563 33
248
27, 28
309, 460320 20

Reynolds 90, 118, 166,.
170,171,173,528,531
Rhodes 203, 209, 265
Ridgeley " 454
Rice 27
Rich 387
Richardfon ig, 173, 398
Richer 335
Ridley 331, 351, 372
Riou 12<5
Rivington 19;
Roberfon 29
Roberts 186, 194, 196
Robinfon 7, 99^346

Roche
Rodney .
Rogers
Roma
Roma in
RomaryRooker
Rofoman RofsRofii .
Rupert

1*
531
3°4 "5
47, 49, 458;474 118.
233^ 49
I25 9S-:

Ruffel 226, 283,. 502

S.

INDEX OF' NAMES.

£85

S.
Sadler 23 1
Saffold 377
Salifbury 449, (fi1
Salmon 461
Salt 30
Sampfon 34
Sancroft 85
Sandiford339, 350, 570
Sankey 430
Sartain 320
Savage 3 1
Savile 217
Savoy 398
Saunderfon 226
Saunders, 34, 216, 338, 460
Saye 49, 68
Scote 5 3
Scudamore 452
Seeker 2 1
Sedwicke 430
Segrave 68, 263
Sellon 213, 224
Selvefton (,3
Serjeant 334
Seureme ^3
Seward 150
Sewell 30, 34
Shakefpeare. 159, i6q, 498
Sliarnebrooke 33
Sharpe 36, 47, 49, 196, 462
Shaw 176
Sheldon 90
Shele 3 1
Sheridan 303
Sherington 3,g, 42, 49,
183
Sherlock 8
Sibbald 207
Siddons 334
Sidney 291, 293, 294
Simpfon 347, 478
Singer 3 1
Sitwell 346
Sixtus 259
Skerne. 29 1
Sloane 383
Smallwood 440
Smith 23, 26, 32, 105,
106, 144, 145, 217,
2,1 8, 226, 280, 366,

370, 394, 439, 488, 532
Snelhng 558
Snow' 96
Solely 428
Somerfet 162, 182, 393
South 31
Sparke 207
Sparke 445
Speed S9i 0Q> '58
Spelman 7
Spencer 5, 567
Spilman 460
Spote 3 1
Stafford 558
Staines 305
Stalengia 250
Stamford 53
Stamford 406
Standifh 27
Stanger 570
Stanhope 204, 335, 552
Stanier 314, 317, 320
Stanley 348
Stanton 215
Staynoe 350
Stern 92
Stevens 77
Stillingfleet 63, 97, 507
Stock 194,- 346; 362
Stone 62, 362, 369, 561
Stowe 48, 178, 504

Taylorai, 81, 4^3, 570
Teller- 3 1
Tennifon 7, 559
Terell 263
Terrick. 8, 9, si, 119
TillifonSj, 86:, 87,101, 102
Thomas 21
Thompfon 452, S33
Thorney 298
Thornh ill 1 14, 1 1 6, 1 2 7
Thurgood 26
Thurlow 15, 22
Thurfton 50
Tims -29
Tonftall 30
Torington 478
Townfhend2,6, 236, 529
Tracy 215
Trapp 3.50
Trencher 2 1 5
Trevet 107
Truffell 444
Turner 30, 95, 146, 460
Twells 180
Twifden 460
Tyler 551
Tyfon 27, 382
Tyrwhit 18, 21
V.

Strange

444

Vaert

528

Strengfellow

444

Vaughan

" 2i,> 46°

Stretchley

37°

Vergil

3'> 34

Stringer

39*

Vernon

394

Strode

207, 460

Verrio

372

Strong 88,

1 do, 105

Vertue 104,

437. 5QI

Strype

5°4

Vefalius

383

Stubbs

l9

Villiers

338

Sturges

10

Vincent

128

Sully

397

Vyner

289, 368

Sutton

42

Swadel

31

W.

Swift

31

Sydenham
382
Wake
149
Syll
32
Waldegrave
533
Symonds
289
Walker 18
, 26, 243.
Wales
3i
T.
Walpole
104, 427
Walpole
183
Talbot
140
Walter
3i
Tanner
280
Walton
37
Tafwell
29
Warburton
462
Tatton
440
Ward
9°' 57°
Warden 17'
Ware 24, ,42, 195
Warham 33
Waring 29
Warner 27, 120
Warnford 28
Warren 233, ^33
Wafhbourn 27
Waterland 18
Waterman 86
Watts 17, 20, 134,479, 55*
Waugh 570
Weatly 390
Webb 17, 27, 30, 83
Webfter 76
Wells 493
Wendover 47
Wefenham 47
Weft 118, 259, 260
Weft . 460
Wefterman- 439
Weftern 126
Wefton 20,, 22, 263
Whaley 289
Wheldall 387
Whitaker 268
Whitbread 122, 284.,, .
306 t
Whitcomh 29.2
Whitefield 293
Whitfield 2 75, 2 79,304
White 29, 1 79,383, 45'i.
Whitlock. 558
Whittington 272,-525
Wick 293
Wickliff 165
Wightman 117'
Wildeons 460
Wilkes 32©
Wilkes 453
Williams 26, 81
Williamfon 448, 453
Willis 20, 28
Wilfon 21
Winchefield 296
Windham 215, 46a
Winftanly 20, 445
Wifeman 218
Witherly 5 70
Withers 32, 33, 49
Woodford 48 2
Wood 196, 226
Woodroff" 85, 87, 8a
Woodhoufe 2 1&
Woodfhaw
MS Woodlhaw 336
Woodward 63 , jof, 52 1
Woolley 58, 61
Woll afton 20
Wolfey 177, 382
Worcefier 216

INDEX OF NAMES.'

Wren 58, 8^, 86, 87,88,
97, 98, 100, 102, 112,
118, 184. 345. 394,
7°5> 521, 57°
Wright 365/387,400,
404,406,408,501,528

W.roughtonWyat 8 \,

«34
126, 2 16

WylfonWylley Wykeham

3° 3
20 9

Y.

Yelverton

291

York

592

Young

30*

CORRIGENDA.
Page 55, line 2 from bottom, "dele of, infert by. Page ioo, dele great in the loth line from the
bottom. Page 101, line. 11 from bottom, infert r in chuch. Page 106, 16 line from bottom, infert
the. .Page 1 26, line 8 from the top, read " and the South-weft pier one to Sir William Jones," which
is now fifiiflied, and reprefents him a fingle figure, very tame, and in the antique habit. Pape 130,
line 20, inftead of tc red and white blue," read red, blue, and white. Page 175, firft line, dele the r
in Grifors. Page 179, in the laft line but one, read every. Page 195, dele one / in Colter, line 9th.
Page 203, dele the words " are ihown in the annexed plate" and infert were. Page 212, read, the
body of Bifliop Burnet, &c. was found. Page 348. fhould be 248. Page 260, dele " and conferring
the order on the Sifters of the Crofs of our Lord Jefus Chrift." Page 267, the words prefent incum
bents-refer to Meffrs. Davis and Lendon: the former of thefe gentlemen died in 1804; and the
Rev. Mr. Fofter fucceeded him, after a violent election, in which he was oppofed by the latter.
Page 300, line 4, read Melancholy. Page 304, line 25, dele the i in Whit/seld. Page 3 17, line 10,
from the bottom, for front read Font. Page 377, line 16, read " how all thofe perfons." Page 386,
line 20, read " let at ground-reafc, amounting to, &c. Page 432, line 5, dele the ; and read Lady-
mafs." Page 4,61, line 11, for " thejjaffages qf ftreets," read " and ftreets."

LIST

( *87 )
LIST of PLATES.

AN accident prevented thie infertion of the Infide View of the Chapel mentioned
in page in. It will be given with the Fourth Volume. Page
Dr. Donne's Effigies, &c. - - - - 61
St. Paul's School and Dean Colet's Houfe - - - 191
Bilhop Bell - — - - — -212
Sir William Wefton's Tomb - - .- 21a
The Death of Godfrey of Bologne* - - - 248
Creation of Knights of St. John (The admiffion of Sifters was omitted on
recollecting that they are not noticed as part of the eftablifhment of
St. John's, Clerkenwell) - - - 260
Sigillum Sci Johis, &c. — - - - 264
St. Giles Cripplegate and London Wall - - — - 271
Portraits of Oliver Cromwell and his Lady - - - 285
Part of the Cloifters of Chrift's Hofpital - - ~:n 366
Queen Elizabeth, from painted Glafs at St. Dunftan's in the Weft - 456
Seal of St. Helen's Priory - 548
Infide. of St. Helen's _-..-*-- 553
Grate for the Nuns in St. Helen's Church, 8cc. - - 554
St. Helen's, Outfide View — — 554
Leatherfellers' Hall __._--- 563
Crofby Hall - - - - 565
* This Plate was fubftituted for- the Cloifters, p. 203.
As fame of the Plates are very large, the Binder is requejled not id cut more of the
Margin than will render the Rook even, not to fold thofe Plates, . and to beat the Bxiok
before he places 'therm

Nicholi undSo-j, Printer), Rtd Litn Paf/eg; Hut- Strut,

Lately fublijhed by J. P. Malcolm, No. 52, Chalton-ftreet, Somers Tozvn ;
and fold by Meffrs. Nichols," Rivington, Payne, White, and Wilkie.
I. A Set of PLATES |LXXIX. in Number), in One handsome Volume, in
tended as an Illustration of the Rev. Daniel Lysows's Environs of London,
Price 3I. — Many of these Views have now become interesting from the Altera
tions and Destruction of the Buildings -they -represent.
II. Three Views, of Leathersellers Hall, on the Site of the Monastery
of St. Helen's, London. Price 5 s.
III. Two large Plates of the Inside of the Middle Temple Hall, engraved
under the Auspices of the So'ciety. Price 15 s. each.
BOOKS published by NICHOLS and SON.
I. NICHOLS'S HISTORY OF LEICESTERSHIRE. -
This Day was published, handsomely printed in Folio, embellished with XCV Plates,
and dedicated, by Permission, to the Right Hon. the Earl of Moira, Commander in Chief
of his Majesty's Forces in Scotland, the FIFTH PORTION of the HISTORY OF
LEICESTERSHIRE; containing tbe Hundred of West Goscote. By John Ni
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considerable Library." British Critic.
II. The Second Volume of a new and much improved Edition of Mr. HUTCHINS'S
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Metropolis, and its Vicinities, have not corrupted the Language of their Ancestors.
Ii a Letter from Samuel Pegge, Esq. F. S. A. to an old Acquaintance and Co-Fellow of
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