.--<&¦'*

usKS -

mz

^C

¦

<^<-r:K^

»-<^Jr' ¦

W£m

tg&

z.  <; v;

K

v-..

This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in
cooperation with Yale University Library, 2008. You
may not reproduce this digitized copy ofthe book for
any purpose other than for scholarship, research,
educational, or, in limited quantity, personal use. You
may not distribute or provide access to this digitized copy
(or modified or partial versions of it) for commercial purposes.

BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

ENGLAND,
dFrotn ISgfiwt tfje €Bfreat to tfj* Krboluttou:
CONSISTING OF
CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES,
AND ADAPTED TO
A METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS :
INTENDED AS
AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCING OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEM, AND
A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS:
INTERSPERSED WITH
A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES,
AND
MEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS,
NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL WORK.
WITH A PREFACE,
SHEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THE
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS.

BY THE REV. J. GRANGER,
VICAR OF SHIPLAKE, IN OXFORDSHIRE.

Animura .pictura. pascit iuani. — Virg.
Celebrare domestica facta.. — Hob.

FIFTH EDITION,
WITH UPWARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDITIONAL LIVES.
IN SIX VOLUMES:
VOL. IV.

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BAYNES AND SON,
PATERNOSTER HOW :
AND SOLD BY W. CLARKE, NEW BOND STREET ; J. MAJOR, FLEET STREET; J. AND J. ARCH,
CORNHILL : J. PARKER, OXFORD : DEIGHTON AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE ;
H. S. BAYNES AND CO. EDINBURGH ; AND R. M, TIMS,' DUBLIN.
1824.

'£>Y9*^

Printed' by J. F. Dove, St. John's Square.

BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

THE INTERREGNUM CONTINUED.

CLASS VII.
OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY.
General Fairfax, holding the head of
Charles I. by the hair, in his right hand, and an axe
in his left. The print, which seems to be Dutch, is in
scribed " Carnifex Regis Anglice ;" 8 vo.
OLIVER CROMWELL, &c. lieutenant-general.
Joost Hartgers exc. 8vp.
Oliverius Cromwell, exercituum Anglicse rei-
publicse generalis locum-tenens, gubernator Hibernice,
cjc. P. Aubrey ; 4to.
Oliverius Cromwell, vice-generalis. Heads of
Charles I. &;c. Ato.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL FLEETWOOD was the chief of
the fourteen major-generals appointed by Cromwell over England
and Wales. These men, most of whom were obscure persons,
VOL. IV. B

2 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
were armed with an inquisitorial power over the royalists of all
denominations. Their principal business was to search out and
examine such as had borne arms for Charles I. or were disaffected
to the present government ; and to punish them by imprisonment,
decimation of their estates, &c. See Class II.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL* LAMBERT. Walker
p. Houbraken sc. In the collection of the late Earl of
Bradford. Must. Head.
Major-general Lambert; h. sh.mezz.(F. Place.)
The Honourable Major-general Lambert; oval;
large 4to. slashed sleeves ; looking to the left.
Major-general Lambert; in armour; cravat, fyc.
John Lambert, &c. in armour; looking to the right:
style of Gay wood ; oval.
Major-general Lambert distinguished himself by his valour and
conduct on many occasions, during the civil war; particularly at
the battle of Naseby, at the battle of Fife, in Scotland, and by his
In Aug. victory in Cheshire, where he totally defeated the forces com
manded by Sir George Booth : for which important service tbe
parliament presented him with 1000?. to buy a jewel. He was, of
all the officers of the army, the second to Cromwell, in courage,
prudence, and capacity ; but was equal to him only in ambition.
The Protector regarded him with a jealous eye ; and, upon his re
fusal to take the oath to be faithful to his government, deprived
him of his commission, but granted him a pension of 2000Z.f This
was an act of prudence, rather than generosity ; as he well knew,
that such a genius as Lambert's, rendered desperate by poverty, was
capable of attempting any thing. Though Lambert had so great a
* The inscription of this print is erroneous ; he was never above the rank of a
major-general. t Roger Coke informs us, that " after he had been discarded by Oliver, he be
took himself to Wimbleton-house, where he turned florist, and had the fairest tulips
and gilliflowers that could be got for love or money : yet in these outward pleasures
he nourished the ambition he entertained before He was cashiered." — Coke's " De
tection," &c. ii. p. 76.

1659.

OF ENGLAND. 3
share in the civil war, he escaped punishment at the restoration.
The daring general, when he was brought to his trial, behaved
with more submission than the meanest of his fellow-prisoners, and
was reprieved at the bar. He was banished to the Isle of Guernsey,
where he continued in patient confinement for above thirty years.
See the Class of Artists ; see also the preceding reign, Class VII.
SIR THOMAS TILDESLEY; from a drawing in
the King's " Clarendon" R. Cooper sc. Ato.
Sir Thomas Tildesley was a gentleman of a good family, who
raised men at his own charge at the beginning of the war; and
commanded them, till the very end of it, with great resolution and
courage. He refused to make any composition for his estate, after
the death of the king, and found means to transport himself into
Ireland to the Marquis of Ormond; with whom he stayed till, with
the rest of the English officers, he was dismissed, to satisfy the
jealousy of the Irish. He then passed over into Scotland, a little
before the king marched from thence, on his progress towards Wor
cester; and was killed at Wigan, in Lancashire, on his way to join
the main body ofthe king's forces, then at Worcester.
SIR JOHN MENNIS. C. Warren sc. From a pic
ture by Vandyke, in the collection ofthe Earl of Claren
don.
Sir John Mennis, a seaman and poet, was born at Sandwich, in
1598, and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In the reign
of Charles I. he was made comptroller of the navy-office, and
knighted. About this time he had the command of a ship of war,
but was deprived of it by the republicans. At the restoration he
was made governor of Dover Castle, comptroller of the navy, and
an admiral. Ob. 1671. He wrote some poems, in a collection
called " Musarum Delicise, or the Muses' Recreation," 12mo.
1656.
COL. JOHN HEWSON. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
In Clarendon's " History.'"
The Giant Husonio, that is, Col. Hewson; whole
length, wood-cut. Before the second part of "Don Juan

4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Lamberto; or a comical History ofthe late Times" said
to be written by Flatman, Lond.l661;4to.
John Hewson ; sword in his left hand, small whole
length.
This man, who is represented in a buff coat, once wore a leather
apron;, and from a mender of old shoes, became a reformer of
government and religion.* He was, allowing for his education, a
very extraordinary person. His behaviour in the army soon raised
him to the rank of a colonel; and Cromwell had so great an opi
nion of him as to intrust him with the government of the city of
Dublin, whence he was called to be a member of Barebone's par
liament. He was a frequent speaker in that and the other parlia
ment of which he was a member, and was, at length, thought a fit
person to be a lord of the upper house. He was one of the com
mittee of safety 5 and was, with several of his brethren, very intent
upon a new model of the republic, at the eve of the restoration.
This event occasioned his flying to Amsterdam, where he died in
his original obscurity. See more of him in the " History of Inde
pendency," part iv. p. 79.
GENERAL LOCKHART ; from a drawing in the
King's " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
SirGeorge Lockhart; asmalloval; intheBee; 8vo.
General Lockhart, a native of Scotland, was, by Cromwell (to
whom he was allied); held in the greatest trust and confidence.
After the death of Colonel Raynolds, Lockhart had the command
of the English forces sent against Dunkirk. The English foot,
* The elevation of some of the lowest of the people, to offices of power and dis
tinction in the army and the state, was matter of great offence to many. Much
satire and abuse were lavished upon those persons. The civil war was compared to
the boiling of a pot, in which the scum rises uppermost.
I shall take occasion to observe here, that Hewson is said by Mr. Hume to have
gone, in the fervour of his zeal against bear-baiting, and killed all the bears which
he found in the city. But we are told by the author of " The Mystery of the good
old Cause," a pamphlet published soon after these animals were destroyed, that
they were killed by Col. Pride. This is supposed to have given occasion to the
well-known fiction of Hudibras. See the above-cited curious pamphlet, p. 15 • or
the same pamphlet, reprinted in the " Parliamentary History."

OF ENGLAND. 5
under his command, charged the Spanish foot with great bravery,
whom they broke and utterly put to the rout. The French king,
Lewis XIV. at this time coming to the camp, attended by Cardinal
Mazarine, entered the town of Dunkirk, and took possession of it
himself, which, as soon as he had done, he delivered into the hands
of Lockhart, whom Cromwell had appointed governor. He likewise
acted in the capacity of ambassador, and in all his transactions with
the French court decidedly had the advantage over Mazarine. After
the death of the Protector, Charles the Second tampered with him
to receive him into Dunkirk, as his sovereign ; but he was of too
honourable a nature to betray the trust reposed in him by the par
liament, who had continued him in the government of the place. He
was removed from Dunkirk, a short time previous to the restoration.
COL. PENRUDDOCK. G.Vertuesc. In the pos
session of his grandson Penruddock. One of the set of
Loyalists. Col. John Penruddock ; in armour. In Lord
Clarendon's " History."
This active and worthy loyalist was the third of the three sons
of Sir John Penruddock, of Compton Chamberlain, in Wiltshire,
who lost their lives in the service of the crown. He spent the early
part of his life in literary pursuits, and acquired the other accom
plishments of a gentleman : but when the cause of his king and
country called him forth to action, he was among the foremost to
venture his life in that service. He was possessed of an easy for
tune, was happy in the esteem of all his acquaintance, and still
happier in his domestic relations. But with all these advantages
his happiness was not complete while his sovereign was in exile.
He, with several of his friends, rose in arms for the king at Salis
bury, and afterward proclaimed him at Blandford ; but was soon
overpowered and taken by Col. Unton Croke. He was beheaded,
in violation of a promise of quarter given him by that perfidious
man, the 16th of May, 1655. He died in a manner becoming a
soldier and a Christian. He appears to have been regardless of
death as it affected himself, but "felt all that poignancy of grief,
which the best of husbands only could feel, for his separation from
the most tender and amiable of wives. The letters which passed
betwixt this unfortunate pair, after their last sorrowful interview,

6 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
are printed in Sir Richard Steel's " Lover." Mrs. Penruddock's
letter, in particular, has several strokes in it of the most natural, the
most animated, and pathetic tenderness.
COLONEL JOHN RAYNOLDS ; from a drawing
in the King's " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Colonel Raynolds commanded the six thousand English, sent to
assist the French in their designs upon the strong places in Flan
ders : the season of the year being too far advanced to lay siege to
Dunkirk, the forces sat down before Mardike ; which being reduced,
the fort was delivered into the hands of Raynolds, with a stipula
tion to besiege Dunkirk the following year.
After the taking of Mardike, Colonel Raynolds intending to visit
his friends in England, was, together with some other officers that
accompanied him, cast away, and drowned at sea,
THOMAS SANDERS, de Ireton, Com. Derb.
Arm. nee non equitum Tribunus. Balth. Fleshiers p.
Loggan sc. h. sh.
Thomas Sanders, de Ireton, &c. B. Fleshiers.
W. Richardson; 8vo.
Thomas Sanders, esq. of Ireton and Caldwell, in Derbyshire,
was a man of great influence in that county, of which he was custos
rotulorum and representative in parliament, at the time of the In
terregnum. Upon the eruption of the civil war, he had too much
spirit to be neutral or inactive, and therefore joined the" parliament
army, to which he with great constancy and firmness adhered. He
commanded a regiment of horse in the service, and bore the rank
of a colonel till the restoration of Charles the Second. He died in
1695, aged 85 years. His estate at Caldwell is now possessed by
Mr. Mortimer, who has several original letters of Oliver Cromwell,
addressed to Colonel Sanders.
MAJOR WILDMAN. Hollar f. 1653. It is men
tioned in a manuscript catalogue of English heads, by
Vertue, which is in my possession. Inscribed " Nil Ad-
mirari" in an oval of palms.

OF ENGLAND. 7
Major John Wildman; from the above. W. Rich
ardson.
John Wildman, who was educated in the university of Cambridge,
was a man of excellent parts, competent learning, insinuating ad
dress, and ready elocution ; and was, for several years, one of the
greatest confidants and most useful instruments of Cromwell. He
eagerly entered into the civil war with a view of making his fortune,
and seemed to possess every talent that was suited to the purposes
of his own ambition and^the genius of the times. He preached,
prayed, and wrote with distinction ; and was one of Harrington's
club, where he appeared to advantage as a politician. He had been
one of the principal agitators for Cromwell; but perceiving the aim
of that aspiring man, he turned all his interest, and the whole force
of his pen, against him; and was employed in writing to inflame the
minds of the levellers, of whom he was the incendiary and director,
when his papers were seized. He was, to the surprise of all men,
set at liberty, when they were in the highest expectation of his
execution. It was conjectured that the usurper was afraid of exas
perating a formidable faction of the army ; and that he, by saving
his life, had a farther view in engaging so able a man in his service,
from a principle of gratitude. He was afterward generally believed,
and indeed not lightly, to have been employed by him in secret
services. It appears that his pen was, during the war, of much
greater utility than his sword. See more of his character in Lord
Clarendon's " History."
COLONEL EDWARD ASHTON; a small head,
in the frontispiece to Winstanleys " Loyal Martyrology?
1665; 8vo.
Colonel Edward Ashton ; enlarged from the
above print ; 8vo.
This gentleman was brought to trial before the high court of
justice, that condemned Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewit;
charged with a design to fire the city, assassinate the Protector, and
introduce monarchy in the person of Charles Stuart ; several other
persons were implicated in this plot, and the governing power
having by imprisonment, and other sinister ends prevailed on some

8 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
to accuse others, many, notwithstanding their innocence, were con
demned, and among others Col. Ashton, who was hanged, drawn,
and quartered, July 2, 1658.
COLONEL BENBOW; a small head, in the fron
tispiece to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology," 1665;
8vo. Colonel Benbow; enlarged from the print above;
8vo.
Colonel Benbow was one of the western gentlemen that rose
in arms to aid the cause of Charles the Second, about the time he
marched his forces from Scotland towards Worcester ; he had emi
nently distinguished himself by his loyalty and valour, during the
war ; but falling into the hands of some republican troops, he was
shot to death at Shrewsbury, in October, 1651.
MR. BENSON ; a small head, in the frontispiece to
Winstanleys " Loyal Martyrology," 1665 ; 8vo.
Mr. Benson ; enlarged from the above print ; 8vo.
Mr. Benson, who in the beginning of the war had served in the
parliament army under Sir John Gell, and was with him at the
siege of Lichfield ; came over to the king's party, and with Colonel
Eusebius Andrews, entered into a plan for the restoration of
Charles II. but the. scheme being frustrated, through the treachery ,
of one Bernards, he was apprehended, brought to trial, found guilty,
and suffered death, Oct. 7, 1650.
MR. JOHN BETTELY ; a small head, in the fron
tispiece to Winstanleys " Loyal Martyrology," 1665; 8vo.
Mr. John Bettely; enlarged from the above print ;
8vo.
Mr. John Bettely, who, by Lord Clarendon's account, held the
rank of colonel in the royalist army, was apprehended, and brought
to trial before a high court of justice, at which Lisle presided ;

OF ENGLAND. 9
charged with a design to fire the city of London, depose the Pro
tector, and proclaim Charles Stuart king. Witnesses were seldom
wanting to establish proof against suspected persons ; in con
sequence he was found guilty, and suffered by hanging, in
Cheapside, July 2, 1658, solemnly protesting his innocence to the
last.
MICHAEL BLACKBURN; a small head, in the
frontispiece to Winstanleys "Loyal Martyrology," 1665 ;
8vo. Michael Blackburn; enlarged from the above
print; 8vo.
Michael Blackburn eminently distinguished himself by his ser
vice and loyalty to Charles . the First, in whose army he rose to
the rank of cornet of horse. He was one of the intrepid persons
that surprised and took Pomfret Castle, at the time Rainsborough,
the governor for the parliament, was put to death ; and being sus
pected as one of his assassins was executed at York, August 23,
1649.
CAPTAIN BROWN BUSHEL ; a small head, in
the frontispiece to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology ',"
1665; 8vo.
Captain Brown Bushel; enlarged from the print
above; 8vo.
Captain Brown Bushel, an expert seaman, was captain of a man
of war, and had some kind of command in Scarborough, which he
delivered up to Sir Hugh Cholmondely, a great friend and partisan
of Sir John' Hotham. Bushel soon after changed sides, and, in
1643, openly revolted from the parliament, and was taken prisoner
at Hull for the same ; but was exchanged by Hotham (then wind
ing about to the king's party) for another person ; he lived some
years in England, after the war had terminated, unnoticed ; but, in
1648, was taken into custody for his former desertion, and after
being detained prisoner about three years, was brought to trial,
found guilty, and executed, April 29, 1651.
vol. iv. c

10 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR TIMOTHY FETHERSTON-HAUGH; a
small head; in the frontispiece to WinstUnley's "Loyal
Martyrology," 1665 ; 8vo.
Sir Timothy Fetherston-haugh; enlarged fmm
the above print ; 8vo.
Sir Timothy Fetherston-haugh, a Lancashire gentleman, in con
junction- with- the Earl of Derby, -raised some forces in aid' of
Charles the Second, on his feeble attempt to regain his father's
crown, but was defeated and made prisoner by the parliament army,
at Wigan, in Lancashire, and suffered death, Oct. 22, 1651.
COLONEL JOHN GERARD; a small head, in
the frontispiece to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology,"
1665; 8vo.
Colonel John Gerard ; enlarged from the above
print; 8vo.
Mr. Gerard, a young gentleman of a good family, who had been
an ensign in the king's army, was accused and brought to trial be
fore a high court of justice in 1654, for having1 a design against the
life of the Protector, to seize upon the Tower, and to proclaim
Charles Stuart king. He was charged with " having been at Paris,
and having there spoken with the king ;" which he confessed ; and
declared " that he went to Paris upon a business that concerned
himself (which he named), and when he had dispatched' it, and was
to return for England, he desired the Lord Gerard, his kinsman,
to present him to the king, that he might kiss his hand ; which he
did in a large room,. where were many present ; and that, when he
asked his majesty, whether he. would command him any service
into England? his majesty bid him to commend .him to his friends
there, and to charge them that they should be quiet, and not en
gage themselves in any. plots ; which must prove ruinous to them,
and could do him (the. king) no good."— But however, this might
have been palliated, it came out in proof that Mr. Gerard had been
present in a tavern, where discourse had been held, " how easy a
thing it was to kill the Protector, and at, the same time Jo seize

OF ENGLAND. 11
upon the Tower of London; and that, if at the same time the king
were proclaimed, the city of London would presently declare for
his majesty, and nobody would appose him.':
Upon this evidence he was condemned to be hanged ; but fhe
sentence was afterward changed to that of beheading, which was
executed on him July 10, 1654, on Tower-hill, in the 22d year of
his age. He told the officers that attended him on the scaffold,
" that if he had a hundred lives, he would lose them all to do the
king any service," and was now willing to die upon that suspicion ;
but that he was very innocent of what was charged against him ;
that he had not entered into, or consented to any plot or conspiracy,
nor given any countenance to any discourse to that purpose; and
offered to speak to the people, and to magnify the king : but the
officers would not suffer him to proceed ; and thereupon, with un
daunted courage, he laid down his head upon the block, which was
struck off at one blow.
MR. EDWARD STACY; a small head, in the fron
tispiece to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology" 1665 ;
8m. Mr. Edward Stacy ; enlarged from the above
print; 8vo.
Mr. Edward Stacy was accused, and brought to trial before a
high court of justice at the same time, and charged with the same
offence, as Colonels Ashton and Bettely; namely, to Overturn the
then existing government, introduce anarchy, and set up Charles
Stuart. The witnesses to prove this conspiracy wfcre the ' same
as against those unfortunate gentlemen, who were all found guilty.
Mr. Stacy was executed July 4, 1658, opposite the Exchange, in
Cornhill, being the last person that suffered death under the usurpa
tion of Cromwell. Lord Clarendon states him to have held the same
rank in the army as Ashton and Bettely.
GOFFE, colonel William ; from d drawing in the
King's " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Colonel Goffe,with Ingolsby and Whalley, proffered their services
to Richard Cromwell, to oppose a new council of officers, who had

12 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
met by their own authority, and admitted Lambert, though no mem
ber of the army, to consult with them as to the settlement of the
government : they even went so far as to offer to kill Lambert,
whom they looked upon as the author of this conspiracy, if Richard
¦would give a warrant to that purpose. The new Protector was
irresolute how to act, but in the end was prevailed upon by Fleet
wood, Desbarough, and some others, to sign a commission to
dissolve the parliament, which caused him in that minute to be
deprived of all his greatness and power. Ingolsby, Whalley, and
Goffe, were cashiered, and Lambert restored to that power he had
been stripped of by Oliver. The dissensions between. the army and
parliament, accelerated the return of General Monk from Scotland,
and brought about that change which so suddenly ensued.
COL. JOHN LILBURNE, in prison. Yandergucht,
sc. 8vo.
¦ John Lilburne, standing at the bar, on his trial.
At the top of the print is a medal of his head, with this
inscription : "John Lilburne, saved by the power of the
Lord, and the integrity of his jury, who are Judges of
law, as well as fact. Oct. 26, 1649." The names of
the jury are on the reverse. See Evelyn's " Numismata,"
p. 170, 171, and Simoffs" Medals," plate 22.
* John Lilburne was tried for transgressing the new statute of
treasons enacted by the Commonwealth. He behaved upon his trial
with his usual intrepidity ; and, though guilty, was acquitted by the
jury, who bore very little respect to the legislature. Westminster
Hall resounded with the acclamations of the people, and ?he medal
represented in the print was struck upon this joyful occasion. This
popular incendiary was known to have such influence over the rer
publicans and levellers that the parliament stood in great awe of
him, and therefore ordered him, after he was discharged by the
court, to be sent to the Tower,

OF ENGLAND. 13

SCOTCH GENERALS.
DAVID LESLEY (or Leslie), general of the
Scotch army ; 8vo. In Clarendon's " History''
David Lesley. Ravenetsc. In Smollett's" History
of England."
David Lesley, who was an able, though in some instances an
unfortunate general, learned the art of war under the great Gustavus
Adolphus. He defeated, but with a much superior army, the broken
forces of the heroic Marquis of Montrose. He reduced Cromwell
to great straits before the battle of Dunbar, and fought that fatal
battle merely iu obedience to the pressing importunities ofthe sol
diers. These deluded people were told by their ministers, that they
had been wrestling with the Lord all the night in prayer, and were
very confident that they had obtained the victory. Cromwell, when
he saw them advancing to the engagement, exclaimed, with no less
confidence, " that the Lord had delivered them into his hands."
Lesley was a second time defeated by Cromwell at the battle of
Worcester, where he was taken prisoner, and sent to the Tower. He
was, upon the restoration, set at liberty, and created. baron of
Newark. He is sometimes confounded with his kinsman, the Earl
of Leven.
SIR EWEN CAMERON, chief of the clan
Cameron.
" The honest man, whom virtue sways,
His God adores, his king obeys ;
Does factions, men's rebellious pride,
And threatning tyrants' rage deride ;
Honour's his wealth, his rule, his aim,
Unshaken, fixt, and still the same."
In an oval, small 4to. own hair, cravat, armour, rare.
• Copy of ditto. W.Richardson.
Sir Ewen Cameron, of Lochiel, was born in the year 1629, and
brought up under the tuition and management of the Marquis of

14 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Argyle, who was executed soon after the restoration. Sir Ewen
may be classed with Montrose and Dundee ; being illustrious for
his loyalty to his' sovereign,* his invincible courage, and his pa
tience and endurance of fatigue. He was strongly prejudiced in
favour of hereditary right, and when advanced in years, appeared
with a numerous train of his followers, the Camerons, at the battle
of Killicrankie, where he commanded those who stood near him to
make a great shout; this was re-echoed by all the Scots under the
command of Lord Dundee. The king's army also shouted, but
as Sir Ewen observed, in a " dull, hollow, feeble tone ;" a sure
prognostic of their defeat. This prediction, which animated DunT
dee's army to the highest degree, was verified by the event.
Sir Ewen Cameron died in 1718, at about ninety years of age,
having outlived all his faculties of mind and body, as to be treated
as a child, and rocked in a cradle. See his life in the Appendix to
" Pennant's Tour in Scotland."

OFFICERS OF THE NAVY.
ROBERT BLAKE, admiral. M. Vandergucht sc.
8vo.
Robert Blake, general and admiral of the forces
of England, &c. Denatus, 17 Aug. 1657, 2Et. 59.

Thy name

Was heard in thunder through th' affrighted shores
Of pale Iberia, of submissive Gaul,
And Tagus trembling to its utmost source.
O ever faithful, vigilant, and brave,
Thou bold asserter of Britannia's fame,
Unconquerable Blake!" Glover's " London," p. 21.
Done from a painting (late) in the possession of Mr. J.
Ames, by Captain Thomas Preston.
* He was honoured with a letter of thanks from King Charles II. and was a de
termined enemy to Cromwell. After all the neighbouring chiefs were subdued, he
continued the terror of his enemies; till at last he submitted on the most honourable
terms, and no oath was required of Lochiel to Cromwell, but his word t)f honour to
live in peace.

OF ENGLAND. 15
Robert Blake. C. Turner sc. 1810; m an oval;
mezz. 4to.
Robert Blake; in the " Oxford Almanack," 1738:
Blake, who had approved, himself a good soldier in the course of
the civil war, when he was above fifty years of age, took the com
mand of the fleet. His want of experience seems to have been of
great advantage to him : he followed the light of his own genius
only, and was presently seen to have all the courage, the conduct,
and the precipitancy of a good sea-officer. Forts and castles by
land were no longer dreaded, or thought impregnable : he attempted
whatever opposed him,, and was generally successful in his attempts.
The very temerity of his enterprises struck terror into his enemies,
and contributed' greatly to his- success. He not only improved the
method of attack, but carried the naval power of Cromwell to a
greater height than had been known in. any age or nation.

SIR RICHARD STAINER ; mezz. small 4to.
Woodburn exc.
Sir Richard Stainer was knighted by Cromwell, at Whitehall,
June 11, 1657, for his valour at the time he commanded the ship
of war named, the Speaker, in the sea-fight under Blake, against
the Spaniards. He was appointed by Oliver vice-admiral, and
Charles II. sent him to command the garrison of Tangier, until the
governor arrived. He was descended from a most respectable fa
mily at Droitwieh, in Worcestershire. Leaving no children, he
bequeathed his property to his brother ; who, by involving himself
in a law-suit with the Salt Company of Droitwieh, was obliged to
dispose of his estates to the ancestor of Lord Foley. His son was
afterward reduced to the necessity of getting relief in the Work
house of Birmingham; where, in the midst of his wretchedness, it is
said, he retained his family pride. He certainly was an object of
great compassion, as his father ruined himself by inventing the pre
sent cheap method of making salt.
PEN, reipublica? Anglicanse vice-pnefectus maris.
A head in an oval ; \2mo.

16 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Pen had all those qualifications of a sea-officer which
natural courage and experience can give a man of a very moderate
capacity. He was well qualified to act an under part, in executing,
with alacrity and vigour, what had been planned by his superiors in
command. He was vice-admiral, Under Monck and Dean, in the
famous sea-fight with the Dutch, that continued three days, and in
which the gallant Tromp was defeated. He was, without declaration
of war, sent to take St. Domingo from the Spaniards. The design
was well- laid by Cromwell, and would have been executed with
great facility by a Blake ; but it exceeded the capacity of Pen.
In this expedition he took Jamaica, a colony which cost a great
deal of blood and treasure ; but which, in process of time, proved
advantageous to the nation. He was father of a much greater
man than himself,' who is well known among the Quakers as a
preacher and a writer; and throughout the world as the founder
and legislator of the colony of Pennsylvania.* There is a charac
teristic account of Admiral Pen, in the " Continuation of Lord
Clarendon's Life," p. 478.

* See a good account of him, in his legislative capacity, in tbe " Account of the
European Settlements in America."t This illustrious person had both great and
amiable qualities, and was no stranger to the essentials of good breeding, though he
was too stubborn to yield to the forms of it. He had, or affected to have, all " the
spirit of the hat," which availed him much as the leader of a people who made it
part of their religion. We are credibly informed, that he sat with his hat on before
Charles II. and that " the king, as a gentle rebuke for his ill manners, put off his
own. Upon which Fen said to him, Friend Charles, why dost thou not keep on
thy hat? The king answered, 'Tis the custom of this place, that never above one
person should be covered at a time."$
t By Edmund Burke, esq. but without his name.
{ Gray's " Hudibras," i. p. 376.

OF ENGLAND. 17

CLASS VIII.
GENTLEMEN, AND PERSONS IN INFERIOR
CIVIL EMPLOYMENTS.
GULIELMUS PASTON, baronettus, 1659. Fai-
thorne sc. h. sh. This head is exquisitely finished,
and is, by Mr. Walpole, esteemed the masterpiece
of Faithorne. — There is a portrait of him, by Van-
dyck, at Mr. Windham's, at Felbridge, in Norfolk.
Sir William Paston, of Oxnet, or Oxnead, in Norfolk, was de- Created
scended from Sir Clement Paston, an eminent sea-captain, who !?fv!n6'
signalized himself in the reign of Henry VIII. by taking the baron
;of Blancard, admiral of France, prisoner, and bringing him into
England. He was the first, as Lloyd informs us, " that made the
English navy terrible."* Sir William was eminently a gentleman,
and was also distinguished as a traveller. He not only made the
usual tour, but was carried by his ardent curiosity, into Asia and
Africa. Few men of his time were more esteemed for their general
knowledge. He was generous, charitable, and loyal; and piqued
himself upon keeping up the ancient hospitality of the family. t He
4ied in 16624 He was father to Sir Robert Paston, who, for his
eminent services in the civil war, and his activity at the restoration,
was created viscount Yarmouth, 25 Car. II. Fuller mentions a
free-school, founded and handsomely endowed by Sir William Pas
ton, knight, at North- Walsam, in Norfolk. Quaere if by the same
person.
SIR ROBERT SHIRLEY, bart. (whose singular
praise it is, to have done the best things in the worst
times, and hoped them in the most calamitous.) J.
Basire sc. In Nichols's " Leicestershire."
• •• Worthies,'* 8vo. first edit. p. 202.
tSee the Dedication to May's " Accomplished Cook. '
t Rev. Mr. Cu'llum.
VOL. IV. D

18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sir Robert Shirley, the fourth baronet of his family, and the only
surviving son of Sir Henry, was an early and zealous advocate for
the. cause of Charles I. which involved. him, at the latter end of May,
1648, in a dispute with the parliamentary garrison at Ashby-de-la*
Zouch ; and was like to have been attended with serious con
sequences. The particulars of the charges against him, were as
follow : —
1st. " That Sir Robert Shirley, with his men and some malig-
nants, being drinking at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, some of his men
quarrelled in the street with a soldier of that garrison for the par
liament ; and Sir Robert did ride up to them with his sword by his
side, and said he would justify the men in doing it.
2d. " That, Sir Robert Shirley being disarmed by the soldier, he
did ride up with his men to the guard of the garrison, and refused
to stand or stay when the guard willed him so to do, saying he
would come in ;' and some of his men struck the soldiers on guard,
which occasioned a tumult. And the governor coming forth, paci
fied it, and took Sir Robert into his chamber there ; where Sir Ro
bert said, ' he would justify his men in what they had done, though
they had killed some of the soldiers.'
3d. " That, Sir Robert Shirley being there afterward, he wished
two of his men to bring up his cornet and his troop ; and thereupon',
being sent away with a guard to Leicester, he said he had One
hundred muskets hid in a coal-pit, and twenty-five case of pistols
hid there ; and that he would be plundering the governor's
chamber. 4th. " That, Sir Robert Shirley being thereupon confined to Lei
cester, and some prisoners of quality brought in from Willoughby
fight, Sir Robert went to tbe marshal's house without leave, and
bestowed store of wine and bread on them, and sat up most part
ofthe night in private converse and speech with them.
5th. " That Sir Robert Shirley afterward gave colours to divers
malignants in Leicester ; the committee there at the same time list
ing and giving colours for the parliament."
In June, 1648, he underwent an examination on the above parti
culars, but it does not appear in what manner this unpleasant matter
was ended. The loyalty of Sir Robert, in several other instances,
having drawn on him the vengeance of the usurping powers, he
was on seven different occasions imprisoned. On the 4th of May,
1650, a warrant was issued from the council of state, to seize,
inventory, and secure, all the estates, real and personal, of Sir

OF ENGLAND. 19
Robert Shirley, bart. accused of high delinquency ; and he was
himself sent to the Tower of London, as a close prisoner, by an
order of the council of state.
How soon after this he was again imprisoned, we do not learn ;
but by his last will, dated Nov. 29, 1654, he gave 1000/. to be dis
posed of unto such distressed persons as had lost their estates in
the service of the late King Charles, in such manner as his executors
should think fit. In case the church he was then building at
Staunton Harold should not be finished before his death, he be
queathed so much as his executors should think convenient to
perfect the same according to his intention ; and directs restitution
to be made of whatever rents or profits he had received of any
impropriation, tithes, or lands, belonging to any churches, cha
pels, &c; the same to be distributed among orthodox and dis
tressed clergymen, at the discretion of his executors. He died in
the Tower, in the very prime of life (not having attained his 28th
year), Nov. 6, 1656; not without suspicion of poison.
Sir Robert Shirley married, in or about 1647, Catherine, daughter
of Humphrey Okeover, esq. of Okeover, hi the county of Stafford,
and Wimeswpujd, in the county of Leicester, by whom he had
issue three sons ; I , Seymour, his successor ; 2. Sewallis, who died
an infant ; 3. Rpbert, afterward the seventh baronet. Also two
, daughters ; Catherine, married to Peter Venables, esq. baron of
Kinderton, in the county palatine of Chester; and Dorothy, married
jto George Vernon, esq. of Sudbury, in the county of Derby, from
whom the present Lord Vernon is descended.
SIR HENRY SLINGSBY; (a Nova Scotia ba
ronet.) From an original, in the possession of 
Talbot, esq. Vertuesc. One of the set of Loyalists,
-¦ Sir H. Slings by, bart. J. Bqsire sc.
Sir Henry Slingsby, a gentleman of an ancient family in Yorkshire,
spent a great part of his ample fortune in the service of Charles I.
He raised six hundred horse and foot at his own expense, and
marched at the head of them into the field, to assist the king. He
was ever in action, during the civil war ; and, after the death of
Charles, was ever solicitous for the restoration of his son. He was
long a prisoner at Hull ; and was tried for contracting with some
officers to deliver up one of the block-houses, in that garrison, for

20 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the. service of Charles II. Cromwell, who was informed that the
royalists throughout the kingdom were intent upon a scheme to
restore the king, was resolved to intimidate that party, by sacri.
firing Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewit. They were brought be
fore the high court of justice where Lisle presided. They denied
the jurisdiction of the court, but were condemned without any cere
mony. Sir Henry Slingsby was a man of deeds rather than words ;
he said very little upon his trial, and as little upon the scaffold,,
He persisted in his loyalty, and told the people that he died for,
being an honest man. He was beheaded the 8th of June, 1658. *
SIR FRANCIS WILLUGHBY, (or Wil*
loughby). T. Man f Ato. mezz.
In the print, which is extremely rare, is a view of Wollaton-hall,
his seat, built in a very particular style. There is a just represen
tation of it, by Hollar, in Thoroton's " Nottinghamshire." This
portrait was in the possession of Sir William Musgrave, bart. now
of Sir M.M. Sykes.
Sir Francis Willughby, a gentleman of a plentiful fortune and
estimable character, was descended from two ancient families of
his name ; the one seated at Eresby, in Lincolnshire, the other oh
the Woulds, in Nottinghamshire. He was ancestor to the present
Lord Middletbn, and father of Francis Willughby, esq. one of
the most distinguished naturalists that this kingdom has produced.
The son was prevented from publishing many of his valuable col
lections by his untimely and lamented death, which happened
July 3, 1672, in the 37th year of his age. His "Ornithology,"
being a methodical history of birds, was published, both in Latin
and English, by his friend Mr. John Ray. His ." History of
Fishes," in Latin, was published at the expense of the Royal So
ciety : this is less perfect than the other. Indeed this part of na
tural history is, for obvious reasons, very imperfectly known. See
a good account of him in the preface to his " Ornithology."
SIR FRANCIS ENGLEFIELD, knight and
baronet, of Wooton Basset, in the county of Wilts..
Faithorne sc. half sheet ; extra rare*
* The print of Sir Francis Eiiglefield, which is one of the scarcest in the Englisn
series, was bought by Sir.M. M. Sykes, at the sale of Sir James Winter Lake's por
traits, in the year 18Q8, for seventy guineas.

OF ENGLAND. 21
Sir Francis Englefield (descended from a family, surnamed from
the town of Englefield or Englesfield, in Berkshire, seated there
264 years prior to the Norman conquest) received the honour of
knighthood from king James I. at East Hamsted, Aug. 10, 1622.
Sir Francis was brought up in- the Catholic faith, and being alarmed
at the persecution, commenced against those of his persuasion, in
the beginning of King Charle's troubles, procured the following
grant of indemnity from being prosecuted on the score of religion.
" Charles Rex.
" Whereas our trusty and well-beloved Sir Francis Englefield,
knight and baronet, being a recusant, is thereby subject to our
laws and statutes in that case provided : these are to signify our
royal will and pleasure, that no person" or persons shall, at any time
hereafter, sue, prosecute, or implead, either by way of indictment,
information, or otherwise, against the said Sir Francis, for being a
recusant, or> convicted by virtue of any of our laws or statutes
against popish recusants, till we shall signify our pleasure to the
contrary. Given under our signet, at our palace of Westminster,
Dec. 6, in the 10th year of our reign."
He married Winifred, daughter and coheir of William Brooksby,
of Sholeby, in the county of Leicester, esq. by whom he had one
son, Sir Francis his successor, and three daughters. He died in
May, 1665, and was buried in Englefield church, Berkshire, with
this inscription to his memory.
" Here lies the body of Sir Francis Englefield, bart. He was
buried in May, 1665, in the grave where formerly Sir Edward
Norris had been interred."
SIR JOHN DANVERS; from a drawing in the
King's "Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Sir John Danvers, younger brother and heir of the Earl of Danny',
was .one of the gentlemen of the privy-chamber to Charles I. but
being Qf a vain and ostentatious nature, had contracted several
debts, which he was unable to pay. In order to repair his broken
fortune, he condescended to become the tool of Cromwell, who
employed and despised him at the same time. He was one of the
judges who sat on the trial of Charles I. and escaped being brought
to trial by dying before the restoration.

22 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR PETER TEMPLE, knt. R. Gaywoodf.W58;
12mo. The plate is in the possession of the Marquis of
Buckingham.
Sir Peter Temple, knt. W. Richardson.
It appears, upon searching the pedigrees of Earl Temple and
Lord Palmerston, that there was only one Sir Peter in both fami
lies. This gentleman had two wives, but neither of them was
named Eleanor.* It is evident, then, that the person in question is
another Sir Peter Temple, or Peter Temple, esq.f who served an
apprenticeship to a linen-draper, in Friday-street, London; but,
upon the death of his elder brother, he left his trade, and took pos
session of an estate of about 400?. a year, in Leicestershire ; - and
being elected a representative for the town of Leicester, in 1640,
sat in the Long Parliament, where he rendered himself so consider
able, that he was nominated one of the king's judges, and signed
the warrant for his execution. He was therefore excepted by name
from the act of oblivion at the restoration. His life was, however,
spared ; but he was sentenced to perpetual' imprisonment, where he
probably ended his days.
SIR HUGH CARTWRIGHT, Chevalier Anglois,
age 60, An. 1656. Diepenbeke del. Lucas Yorsterman,
jun. sc. h.sh.
Sir Hugh Cartwright. Diepenbeke del. 4lo.
W. Richardson.
Sir Hugh Cartwright was a younger son of William Cartwright,
esq. of Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, whose family are of great
antiquity in that county. Sir Hugh married the daughter and co
heiress of Cartwright, of Edington ; by her he left a son, seated at
Edingley; and a daughter, who married William Cartwright, esq. of
Normanton. Sir Hugh lies buried in Southwell Minster, but the
inscription is defaced. He is mentioned in Lord Clarendon's
" History," vol. 3. b.XI.
• See Class XI.
t His name is not in. the list of Cromwell's knights.

OF ENGLAND. 23
SIR RICHARD CHIVERTON, lord mayor of
London ; sitting in an elbow-chair. This print is un
common. Sir Richard Chiverton was elected into
office, 1657.
ROBERT HENLEY, esq. " Faithorne ad vivumf
1658."*
I take this gentleman to have been the same person with Sir
Robert Henley, knight, who was master of the King's Bench office :
but quaere. Quaere also, whether his father did not build the
Grange, in Hampshire, after a plan of Inigo Jones: this is one of
the most capital of his works. Sir Robert Henley was undoubtedly
the direct ancestor of Robert, earl of Northington.
ROBERT RAWLINSON, of Cark, in Lanca
shire, esq. Ob. 1665, JEt. 55.| Nutting sc. 4fo.
Robert Rawlinson, of Cark-hall, in Lancashire, was descended
-from a very ancient family of that name, formerly seated at Furnace
¦ Fells, in the same county. This gentleman was son of William
Rawlinson, esq. by Margaret Curwen, only daughter of Walter
Curwen, of Mireside-hall, in Cartmell, esq. He was many years
a justice of the peace ; one of the justices of Oyer and Terminer
for the counties palatine of Lancaster and Cheshire, and vice-cham
berlain for the city of Chester. He was father to Curwen Raw
linson, and grandfather to Christopher Rawlinson, esq. a person of
some eminence, who is again mentioned in the reign of Charles II.
MR. JOHN CLEYPOLE ; a small head in Simon's
" Medals." G.Vertue sc. 4to.
Mr. John Cleypole. W. Maddocks sc. 4to.
This gentleman, who married Elizabeth, the favourite daughter of
Oliver Cromwell, had permission in August, 1651, to raise a troop

• Vertue's MS.
t This head is in the same plate with Nicholas Monck, bishop of Hereford, and
several others of the Rawlinson family.

24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of horse, of such as should, voluntarily come to him, in th& counties
of Northampton. and Lincoln, or elsewhere, and they were to be
paid by the parliament, according to the establishment of. the army.
When his father-in-law was invested with the title of Protec
tor, he received from him the office of master of the horse ; and,
as such, led the horse of state at the inauguration, going bare
headed on one side of the Protector's body-coach, with Strickland,
captain of the guard to his highness ; he acted in the same capacity
at the second, or more magnificent investment, when he stood im
mediately behind the Protector during the ceremony.
His mild and gentle disposition rendered him unfit for any ser
vices Of Cromwell's but such as were of the peaceable kind, and
which he was lavish in giving him, both as the husband of his fa
vourite child, and as a most amiable person. Oliver nicely adapted
the places to the persons he employed ;' instead therefore of ap
pointing Mr. Cleypole to be a major-general, where severity and
.rigour was necessary, he gave him places of great honour and emolu
ment, but of such a nature as the most scrupulous might accept,
even during a usurpation : perhaps he had a farther design in
.this^ that he might not feel the effects of any future revolution,
that might have otherwise endangered his fortunes, and conse
quently his dearest daughter's. Her delicacy too, in these matters,
might also have its weight ; from some, or all of these causes, we
do not see him employed in any office of magistracy.
He was appointed by his father-in-law one of the lords of his
-bed-chamber, clerk of the hanaper, and ranger of Wittlewood, or
-Wittlebury forest, in Northamptonshire, where he built a magnifi
cent seat, which now belongs to the Duke of Grafton, the first duke
having had a grant of the forest in 1685, with the title of hereditary
ranger. To raise him still farther above the rank of a private gen-
tleman,"he was created a baronet, July 16, 165?, having that day
been knighted at Whitehall ; and iu the same year he was made
one ofthe lords, and placed in his father's other house.
During the short reign of his- brother-in-law Richard, he retained
all his places at court, and carried the sword of state when his
highness went to open his parliament— As he had never, during
the time of his relations' holding the helm, done any action that
could even inconvenience an individual, at the restoration he found
not an enemy, but in every one a friend.
Some years afterward, however, when the court and the country
vied with each other, which could invent the most improbable and

OF ENGLAND. §5
ridiculous plots, he, the most unlikely man in the three kingdoms,
was fixed upon to be the head and contriver of one against the royal
family, in consort with the old Oliverian party. Upon this pretence
he was apprehended in June, 1678, and sent to the Tower ; obtain
ing a habeas corpus to the King's Bench, he thought to procure
bail ; but though many persons, to whom no objection could be!
made, offered themselves for that purpose, yet Chief-justice Scoggs,
who was the tool of the court, set the penalty so high, that his1
friends thought it prudent to decline it ; he was therefore re
manded back to the Tower ; but the next term, as no evidence
appeared against him, and what was, perhaps, much more fortunate
to him, a counter-plot began to work, he was discharged. His only
crime, says an historian, " seems to be his having married one of
Cromwell's daughters ;'' which Charles II. would gladly have done,
if he could by it have recovered his crown.
History is silent what became of him after his enlargement ;
probably he returned to his estate in Northamptonshire, where
he resided when he was taken into custody, and there spent the
Remainder of his life in a happy tranquillity, which his virtues de
served, and which, from his taste for study, he certainly might do,
without ever looking back to those gay scenes his youth had been
spent in. He had a taste for mathematics, and probably architec
ture, as he was the intimate friend of Mr. afterward Sir Christopher
Wren : in his religious sentiments he was a Presbyterian, and in
that communion died.
SIR HENRY HYDE ; a small head, in the frontis
piece toWinstanleys " Loyal Martyrology " 1665; 8vo.
Sib Henry Hyde ; enlarged from the same print;
8vo.
Sir Henry Hyde, brother to the Earl of Clarendon, a gentleman
of great knowledge and ability, particularly expert in navigation,
was selected by Charles the Second, during his exile, to represent
him as ambassador to the Grand Signior, both as to matters con
cerning his state and dignity ; as for the protection of his loyal
subjects, as merchants trading to the Porte. The English govern
ment under the Commonwealth, however, so wrought on the Vizier
by their agents, that he was seized on, and sent prisoner to England
before he had an opportunity of obtaining an audience or presenting
VOL. IV. E

26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his credentials. After remaining some time in the Tower, he was
brought before a high court of justice, purposely erected, and
charged with the design of seizing the English merchants' effects in'
the Turkish dominions ; and affronting Sir Thomas Bendish, the
Commonwealth's resident there, with his new commission. After
atrial of considerable length, in which he most ably defended him
self, wholly denying any responsibility to the Commonwealth, as a
Subject, having a commission from his sovereign out of their juris
diction, in a foreign land, he was found guilty, and sentenced to
he beheaded, which death he suffered against the Old Exchange,
in Cornhill, March 4, 1650, courageously glorying in the cause h&
suffered.

MR. GIBBONS j a small head, in the frontispiece.
to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology," 1665; 8vo.
Mit. Gibbons; enlarged from the print above; 8vo.
Mr. Gibbons, a rigid Presbyterian, was charged with high-treason
against the state, for holding a correspondence with Charles the
Second and his party, and supplying them with money, contrary
to an act of parliament in that case provided. He was brought
before a high court of justice, with Mr. Love a Presbyterian clergy
man, and both sentenced to death, by beheading; which was exe
cuted on them August 20, 1651, on Tower-hill.

MR. KENSEY ; a small head, in the frontispiece to
Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology," 1665; 8vo.
Mr. Kensey; enlarged from the print above; 8vo.
Mr. Kensey, a gentleman of great credit and esteem in the west
country, was one of those royalists who joined Colonels Penrud-
doek and Grove in their rising at Salisbury, in order to proclaim,
and restore King Charles the Second ; but the enterprise failing,
Mr. Kensey with eleven other gentlemen, were taken prisoners,
tried by a council of war, found guilty, and suffered death at
Exeter in May, 1655.

OF ENGLAND. 27
ANTHONY ASCHAM ; from a drawing in the
King's " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Anthony Ascham was chosen by the parliament to be sent into
Spain, as their agent, or ambassador, to reconcile that court to the
measures which England had adopted with respect to the late king;
but he had scarcely entered Madrid a day, when himself and in
terpreter a Franciscan friar, named Riba, were assassinated in their
chamber, by about half a dozen persons who went with a determiT
nation to sacrifice Ascham, who had a hand in drawing up the
charge against Charles I. and was author of " A Discpurse on the
Revolutions and Confusions of Governments." The murderers.
escaped unmolested, and sought sanctuary in an adjoining chapel,
from whence, with the exception of one, they subsequently made,
their escape unnoticed.
JOHN HOLT. Loggan sc. Over his head are two
withered branches of cypress.
This print was prefixed to " A plant of Paradise, being a Sermon
preached at St. Martin's in the Fields, at the Funeral of John
Goodhand Holt, the young Son, only Child, and hopeful Heir of
Thomas Holt, of Grislehurst, in the county of Lancaster, Esq!
19 March, 1659 ; by R. M. (Mossom) Minister of St. Pet. P. W.*
London," printed 1660. The text is from Ezekiel,chap. xvii. v. 22,
" I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and
will plant it on a high mountain and eminent." This young gen
tleman, whom the author styles " the last-born of the family, and
the first-born of his mother," died of a fever, upon the 12th of
March, 1659, in the 12th year of his age.

PERSONS IN CIVIL EMPLOYMENTS.
JOHN MILTON, who wrote and spoke the Latin tongue with
great facility and elegance, was Latin secretary to Cromwell. His
letters, which are still extant, have been ever esteemed the com-

S*. Peter's, Paul's Wharf.

28 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
pletest models for his successors in that office.*- See Class IX. in
this, and the two preceding reigns.
SIR CHRISTOPHER PACKE, knt. lord mayor
of London, J655; in Nichds's "History of Leicester
shire." Christopher Packe, esq. citizen and draper, was the son of Chris
topher Packe, of Finchley, in the county of Middlesex, (a merchant
of London, and derived from a family originally of Northampton
shire). In an ordinance of parliament, Oct. 9, 1646, for settling
the possession ofthe bishops' lands to the use ofthe Commonwealth,
Mr. Packe was appointed a trustee. He was elected alderman of
Cripplegate-ward, Oct. 4, 1647, and so acceptable were his magis
terial services, that, on the 9th of February following, he was one of
the four persons nominated by the ward of Langbourn to be their
alderman ; but, not having then been two years an alderman in his
former ward, he was ineligible.
Jan. 19, 1648-9, he purchased for 8174J. 16*. Qd. the manor of
the bishop of Lincoln, at Buckden ; which for some time became
his occasional residence. May 30, 1649, he was one of the fifteen
aldermen who attended the lord mayor, in proclaiming the act for
abolishing the kingly government; June. 10, was again put in nor
mination as an alderman for the ward of Cheap ; and on Midsum
mer-day following was elected one ofthe sheriffs of London. Oct. 2,
having been nominated an alderman for Cornhill-ward, he accepted
the change ; but, in a few days, was prevailed on to continue with
his original friends. At Michaelmas 1654, he was elected to fill
' the civic chair; and took his seat October 2, as "lord mayor elect."
About this period he received the honour of knighthood from
Oliver Cromwell, the lord-protector, at Whitehall; and in the
entry of the proceedings of the first court of aldermen which he
held, Nov. 7, he is styled " the Right Honourable Sir Christopher
Packe, lord mayor." Sept. 20, 1655, he was appointed joint-trea
surer, with Alderman Viner, for the money, which was a very large
sum collected throughout the kingdom, for the use of the suffering
* In the negotiations with the Swedish ambassador, in 1656, he complained to
Whitlock of the delay of his business, and of sending the articles of the treaty
wilh Sweden " to one Mr. Milton, a blind man, to put them into. Latin." See
Whitlock's " Memorials," p". 633.

OF ENGLAND, 29
Waldenses in Piedmont. In January 1655-6, the lord-protector
and his council purposed to send Sir Christopher Packe, in conjunc
tion with Mr. Whitlock, on an extraordinary embassy to the King
of Sweden ; their intention in sending Sir Christopher being to manit
fest the engagement of the city in the business. Feb. 21, 1656-7,
being at that time a commissioner of the customs, and treasurer at
war, he brought forward the important question, " That the Pro*
tector might be desired to assume the style of king, as the most
known and agreeable government ;" and had, for a short time, the
title of " Lord Packe," as one of Oliver's " other house of parlia
ment." May 8, 1660, he regularly attended, as an alderman, at
the king's proclamation; and on the 5th of June signed a decla
ration together with the lord mayor, one of the sheriffs, and ten
other aldermen, of " their acceptance of his majesty's free and ge
neral pardon ; engaging (by God's assistance) to continue his ma
jesty's loyal and obedient subjects." Notwithstanding this, he was
included, June 16, amongst the twenty persons, " to be excepted
out of the act of general pardon and oblivion, for and in respect
only of such pains, penalties, and forfeitures (not extending to life),
as shall be thought fit to be inflicted on him by another act intended
to be hereafter passed for that purpose ; but, on the 1 3th of August,
at the express recommendation of the House of Lords, his name
was omitted in the list of persons excepted;" provided, however,
that he should never from that time accept any office, ecclesias
tical, civil, or military, or any other public employment. He was
accordingly, with six others who had been lord mayors during the'
usurpation, removed from the office of aldermen, and, after that
period, resided many years in hospitable retirement at Cotes, where
he was living at the time ofthe heraldic visitation in March 1681-2 ;
but died on the 17th of May following, at the age of about 89.
JOHN NASH, esq. alderman of Worcester, born
in the year 1590 ; gave various charities to the citi
zens. J. Ross sc. h.sh. In Nash's " History of Wor
cestershire."
This benevolent gentleman left to honest young tradesmen 300/.
to be lent without interest. To the parishes of St. Martin and
St. Helen 81. yearly to apprentice young lads. To trustees, named,-
he gave sundry estates in Powick and St. Martin's, together with

30 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the tithe of Powick, as a perpetual fund for the building and en
dowment 6f a hospital for eight poor men and two poor women,.
preferring always such as shall be of his name or kindred. He
orders the overplus and savings of his estate, before bequeathed
(whilst it is a small sum), to be lent to young tradesmen without
interest, but when it shall amount to a sum sufficient to purchase
lands of the clear yearly value of 81. the same to be given to th6
parishes of St. Andrew ana St. Nicholas, For the apprenticing
young lads, and so in like manner 41. yearly to the several parishes
of St. Peter, All Saints, and St. Swithin; and to St. Clement and
St. Alban, 21. each yearly. The next savings from his estate, when
under 1 00/. to be lent to young tradesmen gratis, when 'it amounts
tothatsum, to be laid out in land, and the produee' applied to cloth
ing poor freemen for ever. He orders that no lease of his estate
thus bequeathed, be made in reversion or for a term exceeding
twenty-one years from the commencement thereof in possession. He
orders that the corporation of the city of Worcester shall use their
best means, at the charge of his executors, to have his charities
settled by act of parliament. He orders likewise his will, so far as
relates to his charitable bequests, to be publicly read by the town-
clerk, at the Guildhall of the said city, on the first Friday in Lerftj
and he to receive for his trouble five shillings. How well these
his wise directions have been observed, a strict inquiry will best
declare. The picture of Alderman Nash, from which the print is.
taken, was painted in 1658.

CLASS IX.
MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
PHYSICIANS.
THE. TURQUET de MAYERNE, eques auratus,
patria G alius, religione reformatus, dignitate baro, pro-
fessione alter Hippocrates,, ac trium regum (exemplo
rarissimo) archiater, fyc. JEt. 82. Before his Works ;
folio.

OF ENGLAND. 31
Theo. de Mayerne, eques auratus, baro Albonse,
in aula magna*, regis Britannice* archiatrorum comes,
M. 82. W. Elder sc. 8vo.
Both these prints represent him holding a scull. He is perhaps
as fine a figure, for a man of 82, as was ever seen.
Theo. de Mayerne ; in a loose flowered dress ; left
hand on a stick ; 8vo. scarce.
Theo. de Mayerne ; in do. 12mo. See the pre
ceding reign, Class IX.
WALTER CHARLTON ; neatly engraved by P.
Lombart ; 8vo. prefixed to his " Treatise on the Soul,"
1657. This plate has. four Latin lines ; the name of
Charleton and the lines have been erased, and since
printed inside of a border plate, with the name and
lines at the bottom of the border, so as to form a
folio print. See an account of this learned and emi
nent physician, in the reign of Charles II.
CHRISTOPHORUS BENEDICTUS ; without
his name. Under the head is this distich :
" Hospitii, quicunque petis, quis incola tanti
Spiritus; egregiahunc, consule, scripta dabunt."
"Chr.Terne, M.D.C.L."
Lombart sc. 8vo.
This print has been thought to, represent Dr. Christopher Terne,
a licentiate of the college, who wrote the distich ; but it was done
for the following person :
Christopher Bennet, a native of Raynton, in Somersetshire, was
educated at Lincoln College, in Oxford. He was a distinguished
member of the College of Physicians, and in very considerable
* Sie Orig.

32 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
practice. Mr. Wood informs us, that he was author of "Theatri
Tabidorum Vestibulum," 1654, 8vo; and of " Exercitationes Dia-
hoeticae," 1655; and that he corrected and enlarged Moufet's
" Health's Improvement." His death, which happened about the
beginning of May, 1655, prevented his publishing one or two books
more which he had prepared for the press.
TOBIAS VENNER, M. D. 1660, M. 85 (83),
Faithorne sc. small 4to. Copied by W. Richardson.
Tobias Venner practised physic for many years at Bridgewater,
and other places in Somersetshire ; but in the latter part of his life
in and near Bath. He was author of several medical books, the
chief of which is his " Via recta ad Vitam longam, or A Treatise
wherein the right Way, and the best Manner of living, for attaining
to a long and healthful life, is clearly demonstrated." This book
was first published in 1620. It is written in a plain and prolix
style, such as was then used in common conversation. The doctor
acted judiciously in adapting a book of general use to ordinary ca
pacities ; and we are told by Mr. Wood that it got him most of his
practice. He wrote upon Bath Waters, and informs us, that they
were not prescribed to b'e taken inwardly by any regular physician.
It is observable, that his " Censure on Bristol Water" is the first
treatise of the kind in our language! Dr. Guidot, in his " Lives
and Characters of the Bath Physicians," subjoined to his " Dis
course of Bath," tells us, that in'the " Via recta,'' &c. is this memo
rable observation, " That a' gammon of bacon is of the same nature.
with the rest of the hog."— His general character was, that of a
plain man, and a good and charitable physician. 05. 1660, Mt. 83.
He is supposed1 to have prolonged his own life by observing the
rules laid down 'ifr his book. '
JOHN BULWER, chirosopher, 1650. Frontis
piece to his "Artificial Changeling ;' \2mo. The next
print is before the quarto edition of the same book.
Johannes Bolwer, cognomehto chirosophus,
alias philocophus, viiltispex irisignis : utriusque phy
siognomic protomystes :. pathomyotomus ; naturalis lo-

OF ENGLAND. 33
quela primus indagator : anatomus moralis : Stagirita
novus : motestarum clarissimus : stator augustus et vin-
dex natures. ; M. D. 8$c. Faithorne sc. 8vo.
Dr. Bulwer was author of several books of the Language of the
Hand, of Physiognomy, and of Instructions to the Deaf and Dumb ;
intended, as he expresses it, " to bring those who are so born to
hear the sound of words with their eyes,* and thence to learn to
speak with their tongues." He was also author of " Pathomyo-
tomia, or a Dissection ofthe significative Muscles of the Affections
of the Mind," 1649, 12mo.+ The most curious of his works is
his " Anthropo-Metamorphosis; Man transformed, or the artifi
cial Changeling ;" iri which he shews what a strange variety of
shapes and dresses mankind have appeared in, in the different
ages and nations of the world. At the end of the first edition of
this book, in 12mo. is a catalogue of the author's works in print
and manuscript.
ROBERTUS BAYFIELD, M.2b, 1654. Fai
thorne sc. In a hat ; 8vo. finely engraved.
Robertus Bayfield, Mt. 27. Faithorne sc. In
a black scull-cap; 8vo.
The following are the titles of two of his books. He was proba
bly author of some others, of which I have received no information.
The reader will perceive an anachronism in comparing the title of
the first with the dates of his two portraits : but this is not alto
gether unusual in frontispieces, which are sometimes prefixed to
different works of the same writer, or to different editions of the
same work. " Tractatus de Tumoribus preeter Naturam ; or a Trea
tise of preternatural Tumours. By Robert Bayfield, Physician,"
* Mr. Cliffe, a deaf and dumb gentleman now living,* is famous for understand
ing any thing said to him, by the motion of the lips only.
t The.human physiognomy is explained in the " Crounian Lectures on Muscular
Motion," for the year 1746 ; read before the Royal Society, by James Parsons,
M. D. and F. R. S. being a Supplement to the " Philosophical Transactions" for
that year.

t 17-69.
VOL. IV. F

34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Lond. 1662, 8vo. His head with the cap, Mt. 27, is prefixed to
this book, which is dedicated to Bishop Reynolds, of Norwich ;
and a second part of it to the famous Sir Thomas Brown, M.D. of
that city: viz. " Exercitationes Anatomicae'in varias Regiones hu-
mani Corporis, a Roberto Bayfield, Medico: Edit 2dl. Lond. 1668."
12mo. The second treatise is dedicated to his dear kinsman,
Robert Gawsell, esq. and a second part of it to his loving relation,
John Repps, esq. both of them justices of the peace for Norfolk.
It is probable that none of the following persons in this division
were graduates. Quaere.
DR. EVERARD, in his study, smoking his pipe ; a
book open before him ; 12mo.
Dr. Giles Everard ; 8vo. W. Richardson.
Dr. Everard had a higher opinion of the virtues of tobacco, both
in the prevention and cure of diseases, than ever Dr. Ralph Thorius
had.* He was author of a book entitled " Panacea, or a universal
Medicine, being a Discovery ofthe wonderful Virtues of Tobacco j"
1659 ; small 8vo. To this book is prefixed his portrait.
NICHOLAS CULPEPPER, eques. Cross sc. 4to.
Before his " English Physician ;" fol. 1652.
Nicholas Culpepper ; his right hand on a scull;
\2mo. Nicholas Culpepper, in his hair ; two different ;
\2mo. Nicholas Culpepper; in the frontispiece to " Ri
ver ius's Work with Cole."
The portrait above described, is prefixed to his " School of Phy
sic," published after his decease by his widow, who married to her
second husband John Heydon, a noted student in physic and
• See his Poem on Tobacco in the " Muse Anglicans."

OF ENGLAND. 35
astrology, and a great dealer in horoscopes. About the time of
the restoration was published, " The beautifying Part of Physic,"
by Nicholas Culpepper.
Effigies RICHARDI TOMLINSON, M. 23.
Cross sc. a small oval, in the title to his Translation of
Renodams's "Dispensatory," 1657.
Nothing but the youth of this translator, who was an apothecary,
can excuse his nauseous bombast and affectation in the preface to
the reader :
And all goes down like oxyrael of squills. — Roscommon.

POETS.
MILTON ; from a drawing of Mr. Deacon, taken
from an impression of a seal of T. Simon, in the posses
sion of Mr. Yeo.
Milton ; engraved by T. Holloway, from the same.
Milton ; engraved by Ryland, from the same seal.
This is much better executed than the former. See Class
VIIL &c.
EDMUND WALLER, in his famous Panegyric on Cromwell,
has exceeded himself almost as much as the Protector did other
men. His genteel reply to Charles II. in regard to his poem, is
well known. It is also well known that the conquests of Charles
were of a very different kind from those of Cromwell, and that they
would have made a much worse figure in verse. See the reigns of
Charles I. and II.
SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT, when tragedy and comedy were
held in equal abomination with the Liturgy, introduced an opera
called " The Siege of Rhodes," under the notion of an innocent

36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
musical performance.* This was the first dramatic piece of the
kind ever exhibited on the English stage. See the reigns of
Charles I. and II. to the latter of which his portrait belongs.
THOMAS MAY, esq. M. 55 ; over his head is a
chaplet of laurel. Before the second edition of his "Bre
viary of the History ofthe Parliament;" \2mo.
Thomas May, esq. &c W. Richardson.
Thomas May, a celebrated poet and historian, was familiarly ac
quainted with the greatest wits of his time ; and was himself ranked
in the first class of those who bore that character. He was author
of several dramatic pieces, and of two historical poems ofthe reigns
of Henry II. and Edward III. each of which is in the seven books.
But his principal work is his "Translation of Lucan's Pharsalia,"
and his Continuation of that Poem, to the death of Julius Caesar.
He translated the latter into Latin verse. It is by this that we
must take our estimate of him as a poet ; as the imperfect state of
our versification when he wrote, and the gradual flux of our lan
guage since, have contributed to sink the English far below the
Latin translation. He also translated Barclay's " Icon A'nimorum,"
and had a hand in the translation of his " Argenis." His last work
was his " History of the Parliament of England, "f and his Abridg
ment of the same in Latin and English. There is more candour in
this history than the royalists were willing to allow him ; but there
is less elegance than one would expect from the pen of so polite
* Among other causes of the suppression of stage-plays, at this period, was a
pamphlet which had a very considerable effect : it was entitled " Tragicomoedia,
or a Relation of the wonderful Hand of God at Witney, in the Comedy acted
there, where some were slain : together with what was preached in three Sermons on
that Occasion, by John Rowe, of C. C. C. Oxon." 1653, 4to.
, In the " Historia Histrionica," published in 1699, 8vo. is a concise history of
the actors during the rebellion, •' shewing how honourably they served in the king's
army. Next how they returned to acting, but privately; and in Oliver's time, at
Holland-house.' See an abstract of this pamphlet in Oldys's British Librarian,"
p. 62. '
t Bishop Warburton wrote in his copy of May's History, « this history is written
.with much temper, moderation, and judgment, and with great vigour of style and
sentiment."— Lord Hailes. j

OF ENGLAND. 37
and classical a scholar. He was secretary to the parliament. Ob.
13 Nov. 1650, Mt. 55*
THOMAS STANLEY, arm. P. Lelyf Faithorne
sc. a fine head. Before the first edition of his " History
of Philosophy," 1655; fol.
Thomas Stanley, a polite scholar, an accomplished gentleman,
and an eminent poet and historian, was author of many pieces in
verse and prose. His original poems are, for the most part, on
amorous subjects. His translations, which are more numerous,
are from Theocritus, Anacreon, Bion, Secundus, &c. His version
of, and commentary on " iEschyli Tragoedise septem, cum Scholiis
Greecis omnibus, et deperditorum Dramatum Fragmentis," 1664,
fol. is a laborious and valuable work. This ancient Greek poet,
like some of the precious relics of sculpture and architecture of
his country, has suffered much from the injuries of time, but is still
admirable, though greatly impaired and mutilated. The " History
of Philosophy," by our author, is a work of great merit, and gene
rally known. Ob. 12 April, 1678.
CHRISTOPHER WASSE (or Wase), M. A.
black cap, own hair; a small oval.
This ingenious person, who was a perfect master of the Greek
and Latin languages, was some time fellow of King's College, in
Cambridge, and afterward superior beadle of law, in the university
of Oxford. He translated Grotius's " Catechism" into Greek
verse.-f- His English translation of Gratius's " Cynegeticon," and
his comment on that elegant poem, are a sufficient proof of his abi.
lities. Mr. Waller addressed a copy of verses to him on this per
formance. Mr. Hearne, at page 20 of his Discourse prefixed to
* Payne Fisher, poet-laureat to Cromwell, a copious, and not inelegant writer of
Latin verses, flourished before and after the restoration. Tbe following character
by Strada is exactly suited to him. " Nullus hodie mortalium aut nascitur, aut
moritur, aut preeliatur, aut rusticatur, aut abit peregre, aut redit, aut nubit, aut est,
aut non est (nam etiam mortuis iste canit) cui non ille extemplo cudat Epicedia,
Genethliaca, Protreptica, Panegyrica, Epithalamia, Vaticinia, Propemplica, Sote-
rica, Paraenetica, Nffinias, Nugas." See a catalogue of his works in the " Athena
Oxonienses." I have met with no portrait of this person.
t The original is in Latin verse.

38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the eighth volume of Leland's " Itinerary," styles Mr. Christopher
Wase " that eminent philologer ;'' and makes honourable mention
of a son of his, of both his names, who was fellow of C.C.C. in
Oxford. See Dr. Basil Rennet's eighteenth sermon on occasion
of the death of Dr. Creed and Mr. Wase the son. The father died
August 29, 1690.
EDWARD BENLOWES', esq. Before his « Theo-
phila, or Love's Sacrifice;" fol. 1652. I believe it was
engraved by Barlow.
Edward Benlowes; a small oval, surrounded with
laurel foliage. Dan. King sc. In a.sheet which contains .
several views of the old church of St. Paul, together with
some verses by this author.
Edward Benlowes ; 8vo. W. Richardson.
There is a portrait of him in the master's lodge, at St. John's
College, in Cambridge, where he was educated, and to which he
was a benefactor. There is another in the picture gallery at Ox
ford. Edward Benlowes* (or Bendlowes), was a man of genteel ac
complishments. He was a great patron of the poets and other
writers of his time, upon whom he lavished a great part of his for
tune. He was author of a considerable number of poems in Latin
and English, the chief of which is his " Theophila," which gives us
a higher idea of his piety than his poetical talents ; though there
are many uncommon and excellent thoughts in it. But his meta
phors are often strained and far-fetched, and he sometimes loses
himself in mystical divinity. His Latin verses are generally better
than his English. He died, in great want, 1686, Mt. 73. See
more of him in the " Athen. Oxon." See also Howel's " Letters,"
vol. ii. letter LXVI.f
* He wrote his name Benlowes.
t His prayer, at p. 19, of his " Theophila," has been deservedly admired. The
following is a quotation from it : " Let religion and right reason rule as sovereign in
me, and let the irascible and concupiscible faculties be their subjects ! Give me an
estate balanced between want and waste, pity and envy : give me grace to spend
my wealth and strength in thy service : let all my melancholy be repentance, my

OF ENGLAND. 39
WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN. A.Hertochsf 8vo.
Before his " Pharonnida."
William Chamberlain, a doctor of physic at Shaftesbury, in Dor
setshire, was author of a play called " Love's Victory," printed in
4to. 1658, and acted in 1678, under the title of " The Wits led by
the Nose, or the Poet's Revenge." He also wrote an heroic poem,
called " Pharonnida," printed in 8vo. 1659. This was published in
prose, as a novel, in 1683 : it was entitled " Eromena, or the Noble
Stranger." Vide Langbaine and Jacob.
WILLIAM, marquis of NEWCASTLE, who amused himself
at this period with poetry and horsemanship, was, as a natural con
sequence of his rank, much extolled as a poet. His poetical works,
which consist of plays and poems, are very little regarded ; but his
fine book of horsemanship is still in esteem. It was lately reprinted.
Ob. 25 Dec. 1676.' See the reign of Charles I. Class III.
SIR WILLIAM LOWER ; a small anonymous
head; arms; motto, " Amico Rosa, Inimico Spina."
Sir William Lower. W. Richardson.
Sir William Lower, a noted cavalier, wrote and translated the
following dramatic pieces : 1. " The Phenix in Flames," a tragedy.
2. " Polyeuctes, or the Martyr," a tragedy. 3. " Horatius," a
tragedy, from the French of Corneille : this is better translated by
Mrs. Philips. 4. " The Noble Ingratitude,'- a pastoral tragi
comedy, from Mons. Quinault : to this is prefixed his head.
5. " The Inchanted Lovers," a dramatic pastoral. 6. " The
Amorous Phantasm," a tragi-comedy. All these, except the first,
were written during the Interregnum. He translated from the
French the first and third tomes ofthe " Innocent Lady, or illustri
ous Innocence." The most considerable of the books published by
him, are those two which relate to Charles the Second's reception
and entertainment at the Hague. One of them was printed several
joys spiritual exultations, my rest hope, my peace a good conscience, and my ac
quiescence in Thee ! In Thee as the principle of truth, in thy word as the measure
of knowledge, in thy law as the rule of life, in thy promise as the satisfaction of
hope, and in thy union as the highest fruition of glory."

40 . BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
years before the restoration, the other at that era. It is entitled,
N- s- " A Relation of Charles the Second's Voyage to, and Residence at
the Hague, from the 25th of May to June 2, 1660," &c. Hag.
Com. 1660. This is a translation from the French.
FRANCIS GOLDSMITH, of Gray's Inn; a small
oval. There is another head of him, without his name,
engraved by Cross ; underneath are four verses :
" His outward figure here you find,'' &c.
Francis Goldsmith ; with the four verses. W.
Richardson.
Francis Goldsmith translated, from Grotius " Sophompaneas, or
the History of Joseph," which he published with annotations, in the
preceding reign. He also translated into English a Catechism,
written in Latin verse, by the same author. This was printed after
the restoration .* He died at Ashton, in Northamptonshire, in Sep
tember, 1655.
JOHANNES QUARLES. Faithorne f. \2mo.
This has been copied.
Johannes Quarles ; in an oval of bays ; prefixed
to his " Poems;' \2mo. Marshall.
Johannes Quarles; eight verses, "See here a
Phcenix," &;c.
John Quarles, who was one of the eighteen children of Francis
Quarles, by Ursula his wife, bore a captain's commission in the
* We had lately a poet of the same name with the person just mentioned ; per
haps of the same family, but by no means ofthe same character. His writings, in
general, are much esteemed ; but his poetry is greatly admired. Few tragedies have
been read with stronger emotions of pity, than the distressful scenes in his " Vicar
of Wakefield :" yet we cannot but regret, that the author of *' The Traveller"! should
have undervalued hfs genius so far as to write a romance.

t Decies repetita placebit.

OF ENGLAND. 41
royal army, in the time of the civil war.- Upon the decline of the
king's fortune, he retired to London in a necessitous condition, and
applied himself to writing books for his support. His works are
chiefly poems, in which he appears to be the poetical as well as the
natural son of his father. He died of the plague in 1665. See a
detail of his works in the " Athen. Oxon.''
i
GEORGE WITHER published a poem of many hundred lines,
upon the report of the restoration of the parliament by General
Monk, in 1659. It is entitled, " Furor Poeticus, i. e. Propheticus,
a Poetic Phrensie." It is dated from Hambleton, and he tells us
that it was meditated. '•' In dorso pagi, recubans sub tegmine fagi."
I shall conclude all I have to say of this everlasting rhymer,
with two lines of Dryden, which comprehend his whole character
as a poet : " He faggotted his notions as they fell,
And if they rhym'd and rattled, all was well."*
See the two preceding reigns.
HUGO CROMPTON, M. 18. A. Hertochs sc.
\2mo. Hugo Crompton, gen. small 8vo. Before his
" Pierides". 8gc. 1658. This print represents him some
what older than the former.
Hugo Crompton, gen. W. Richardson.
Hugh Crompton was a gentleman well educated, though but of
small fortune^ His necessities, as may be collected from his epistle
to the reader, obliged him to turn author. He published a volume
of poems, entitled, " Pierides, or, the Muses Mount," out of which
Winstanley has given us a taste, as he calls it, ofthe briskness of
* Some extracts from his works were published in small Svo. not many years
ago. The pious and very learned Dr. Lort, after having read them, observed,
" that their perusal would teach him in future, not to trust to report for the character
of an author." The works of Wither are, what we called at Eton, a good sharping
book: and poets by profession will find many sentiments, and many lines ready
made, upon almost any subject, political, moral, or religious. — Loan Haii.es.
VOL. IV. G

42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Ms Muse ; but I must confess I can discover no such matter in that
specimen. He informs us, that he intended his " Muses" for waste
paper, but that he afterward altered his mind in this particular.
He speaks thus of his " Muses :" "I, for want of a better labour in
my ramble, gathered this sallad from Parnassus, and washt it in
Helicon. But thou (reader) must find oil and vinegar, and sugar
it with thy good conceit, if thou pleasest." — He left so much to be
supplied by the reader that his work was, in a short time, generally
neglected.
JOHN TATHAM, poet; an anonymous head, over
which two Cupids hold a crown of laurel. Underneath
are these verses :
" Here is no schisme, the judging eye may see
In every line a perfect harmony. i
And love and beauty, for so great a grace,
Joy in their lovely reconciler's face."— R. C.
John Tatham. W. Richardson.
" John Tatham," says Winstanley, " was one whose muse began
to bud with his youth, which produced early blossoms of not al-
together contemptible poetry," of which he has given us " a taste"
in the following lines. The author addresses himself in the person
of Momus. " How now, presumptuous lad, think'st thou that we
Will be disturb'd with this thy infancy
Of wit ?
Or does thy amorous thoughts beget a flame,
(Beyond its merit) for to court the name
Of poet? or is't common now-a-days
Such slender wits dare claim such things as bays."
However strange it may seem, it is certain that he did " claim such
things ;" and, what is more strange, his claim was readily admitted.
He has been erroneously called City Poet, and was deemed a
worthy fore-runner of Settle. He undoubtedly wrote panegyrics
upon two lord mayors,* in whose estimation they were as good
rhymes and probably pleased as much, as if they had been written
by Waller himself. He was author of several plays, most of which
were published before the restoration.
* In the reign of Charles II.

OF ENGLAND. 43
LEONARD WILLAN ; a bust on a pedestal. T.
Cross sc. Six English verses. Le Willan scripsit. Be
fore his "Astrea, a Pastoral," 1651.
Leonard Willan. W.Richardson. There is an
other different from the preceding (the four trees
wanting in the landscape), and undoubtedly the
original plate ; six English verses :
" Inscriptions are but epitaphs on the dead ;
Such may be his ; to action buried ;
Nor but the rites of friends ; in Want of whome,
His owne hand wrought his monument for his tombe ;
How lasting the materials shall bee,
This age may gess, the next perhaps decree.''
L. Willan ipse scripsit ; T Cross sculpsit.
This pastoral was taken from a voluminous romance, formerly
well known by the title of " Astrea." Willan was also author of
" The perfect Statesman, or Minister of State," 1668, folio.
The author, whom nature seems to have intended for an humble
prose writer, moves very awkwardly when exalted on the stilts of
poetry.
JOHN HODDESDON, Mt. 18 ; six English
verses ; 8vo. Fillian sc.
John Hoddesdon, Mt. 18. W. Richardson.
He was author of " Sion and Parnassus, or Epigrams on several
texts ofthe Old and New Testament," 1650, 8vo.
MURFORD ; in a cloak ; the sea and a ship at a
distance. Under the head are four verses that denote
him a poet :
" He that views Murford's face,"&c.
The «ame plate appears to have been used afterward for
Forbes.

44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
A smallwhole length of a man, dressed like the gentry
of this period, or the reign of Charles I. Over his head
is the word NIM. It is in a small book, called " The,
Life of a satyrical Puppy, called Nym,* who worrieth
all those Satyrists he knows, and barks at the rest ; by
T. M." 1657.
NYM and BUNGE; whole length; 4to. scarce.
It is probable that this whelp never " grew up to dog?s estate ;"t
and that, like other puppies, he was rather impertinent and teasing
than formidable. I am equally a stranger to his . real . name and
his works.
THOMAS PECKE, &c four Latin verses; "Aoni-
dum juvenile decus," 8$c. \2mo.
Thomas Pecke, &c. W- Richardson.
Thomas Pecke was a young gentleman of great expectation, who
translated six hundred of Owen's " Epigrams" into English, while
he was at the Temple. They were printed with " Martial de Spec-
taculis, or, Of the Rarities to be seen in Rome, and with the most .
select Epigrams of Sir Thomas More ; to which is annexed a Cen
tury of heroic .Epigrams," &c. These were published under the
title of " Parnassi Puerperium, or some well Wishes to Ingenuity,"
1659; 8vo. Payne Fisher wrote " Epithalamium in Nuptias eru-
ditiss. juvenis, Thomse Pecke, de Spixford, Com. Norf. Armigeri,
et lectiss. Virginis, Lucia? Ball, Filise spectatiss. Petri Ball, Eq.
aur."
POETESSES.
MRS! CATHARINE PHILIPS ; a bust; inscribed
Orinda. Faithorne f. Frontispiece to her Works; folio.
* Nym, or Nim, seems to be the diminutive of Nimrod,
" A mighty hunter, and his prey was man."
Nym also means, to snatch or steal; hence Niniming Ned in the Beggar's Opera.
t Prior.

OF ENGLAND. 45
Orinda Philips. J. Becket f 4to. mezz.
There is a portrait of her at Strawberry-hill.
Catharine, daughter of John Fowler, a merchant of London, and
wife of James Philips, of the Priory of Cardigan, esq. was much
and deservedly esteemed for her poetical talents. She was styled,
" The matchless Orinda,'' and indeed shone without a rival among
the female wits of her time. She was author of several poems,
which are more to be admired for propriety and beauty of thought,
than for harmony of versification, in which she was generally defi
cient. She translated the " Pompey" and " Horace" of Corneille,
and is said to have been assisted in the former by Charles, lord
Buekhurst and Mr. Waller.* " Pompey" was acted with applause
in Ireland, and " Horace'' by persons of quality at court. Her
Letters to Sir Charles Cotterel have been much admired, and are
among the best of her works. Dr. Jeremy Taylor, who was her in
timate friend, has addressed his excellent " Letter on the Measures
and Offices of Friendship" to her. 06. June, 1664, Mt. 32. Her
works were published after her decease, in 1667.
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS IN DIVINITY,
HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, &c
JOHANNES PRICyEUS. Persin sc. Prefixed to
" Apuleii Metamorphoseos, Lib. XI. cum Notis, 8$c. J.
Priccei, Gouda3, 1650," 8vo. This head, which is well
executed, is, in the copy of " Apuleius" in my possession,
placed immediately after the title.
John Price; in a chair reading. J. Danckerts ;
W- Hollar ; scarce.
John Price, one of the first theological critics of his age, was
educated at Christ Church, in the university of Oxford. Having
embraced the religion of the church of Rome, he travelled into
Italy with Mr. Howard, a son of the Earl of Arundel, and was af
terward retained, in the service of the Earl of Strafford, when he
* See " Royal and Noble Authors," II. p. 98, 2d edit.

46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was lord-lieutenant of Ireland. Then it was that his acquaintance
commenced with the celebrated primate Usher. In the time ofthe
civil war, he wrote several pamphlets in defence of the king, for
which he suffered a tedious imprisonment. Upon his enlargement,
he retired to Florence, was made supervisor of the Grand Duke's
medals, and was afterward, by that prince, appointed professor of
the Greek language at Pisa. He was particularly eminent for his
Commentaries on the Scriptures. His Notes on the Psalms and
the New Testament are inserted entire, and by themselves, in the
fifth tome of the " Critici Sacri." The learned Dutch critic, John
Alberti, spends eight chapters of his " Periculum Criticum" in
strictures upon that work. He is said to have spent the latter part
of his life in the convent of St. Augustin, at Rome. Ob. circ.
1676.
EDWARD LEIGH, esq. M.A. of both universities;
Mt. 48, 1650; four English verses. T. Cross sc.
This gentleman was educated at Magdalen Hall, in Oxford,
whence he removed to the Middle Temple, where he not only
studied the common law, but divinity and history. The books
which he published in the several faculties to which he applied
himself, are an abundant proof of his great industry and extensive
learning ; particularly his critical and theological works, the chief
of which are his " Critica Sacra" on the Hebrew words ofthe Old,
and the Greek of the New Testament, and his " Body of Divinity."
He was representative for the town of Stafford, in the Long Parlia
ment, and was one of the members appointed by the commons to
sit in the assembly of divines. Ob. 2 June, 1671.
GULIELMUS HICKS, gen. Mt. 38, 1658. D.
Loggan sc.
" Though thou no prophet art, nor prophet's son,
Without their spirit, this could ne'er be done.
Though Brightman, Napier, Mede, are gone to rest,
Their sprite yet lives redoubled in thy breast.
Ye that have cast th' Apocalypse to ground,
Because so dark, mysterious and profound,
Why take it up again, and use this glass,
Twill then no longer for a myst'iy pass."

OF ENGLAND. 47
Gultelmus Hicks, &c. W.Richa?*dson.
William Hicks, who received his education in the university of
Oxford, took arms against the king in the civil war, in which he
bore a captain's commission in the trained bands. He was author
of a " Practical Exposition on the Revelation," in folio, to which
two several titles, with different dates, have been prefixed. The
" Apocalypse," like other things that are unintelligible, has been
explained a hundred different ways, and the last exposition has
been generally the most esteemed, especially if it has been adapted
to the time when it was written. Ob. March, 1659-60. Vide " Athen.
Oxon." ED. CHISENHALE, esq. presenting his book to a
man standing at a church door ; various emblematical
figures ; small octavo. Frontispiece to his " History."
Seven English verses:
" Here to the church, one of her youngest sonnes," &c.
Ed. Chisenhale, esq. Copied from the above.
Edward Chisenhale, a gentleman of Lancashire, who bore a
colonel's commission for the king in the civil war, well deserves to
be remembered in the double capacity of a soldier and an author.
He was one of the garrison that with heroic bravery defended
Latham-house, whence he sallied forth, just after the enemy had
been boasting of their provisions, and stole their dinner. He also,
with singular address, drew the besiegers into a place where he cut
off five hundred of them, under a pretence that the house was open.
This exploit was the occasion of his being fined 800/. for delin
quency.* He was author of " A Catholic History, collected out of
Scriptures, Councils, Fathers, &c. occasioned by Dr. Thomas
Vane's book, called The lost Sheep returned," 1653, small 8vo.f
FRANCTSCUS ROUS, armig. Collegii Etonensis
prsepositus, 1656, Mt. 77. Faithorne sc. Before "The
* See Lloyd's ".Memorials,"' p. 690. Particulars of the siege are in Peck's
" Desiderata Curiosa," xi. p. 42, &c.
t Vane was a convert to popery.

48 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Works of Francis Rous, Esq. or Treatises and Medita
tions dedicated to the Saints, and to the excellent through
out thethree Nations ;" fol. 1657.
Francis Rous; four English verses, "Adam the
first this Image claymes as his," 8gc. W. Richardson ; 4to.
Francis Rous; in the " Oxford Almanack," 1744.
There is an original portrait of him, with a mace, as speaker of
the House of Commons, in the provost's lodge at Eton College.
He was provost there in 1643.
Francis, son of Sir Anthony Rous, of Halton, in Cornwall, was
burgess for ' Truro, in that county, in the reign of Charles I. He
was a vehement declaimer in parliament against the innovations and
abuses in church and state ; and particularly against Arminianism,
which he represented as popery in disguise. He was one ofthe
few laymen appointed by the commons to sit in the assembly of
divines at Westminster.* His religious and political principles were
perfectly accommodated to the party which he espoused, and seem
to have ever varied with his interest, which appears to have had a
much stronger hold upon him than his enthusiasm. He was ap
pointed speaker of Barebone's parliament; and made a wild pro
posal to form the English commonwealth after the model of the
Jewish. But as a theocracy was rejected, he thought fit to invest
the regal power in Cromwell, whom he affected to look upon as a
compound ofthe characters of Moses and Joshua. He was one of
those who were called by the Protector to the upper house; and it
was said " that he could not well do less than make that gentleman
a lord, who had made him a prince," by the resignation of the in
strument of government into his hands. He was called " the il
literate Jew of Eton ;" but it does not at all appear, from his
writings, that he deserved that appellation. Ob. 7 Jan. 1658-9.
See more of him in Lord Clarendon's " History of the Rebellion."
JOHANNES SPARROW, &c D. Loggan del.
et sc. 1659. In the upper part of the print are two
* He was said to have entered into holy orders ; but of this there is no proof.
See " Athen. Oxon."

OF ENGLAND. 49
semi-circles full of strange lines and figures, and joined
together by a heart, with this inscription, " The Wonder-
Eye of Eternity, explained by Jacob Behm. in the 40
Questions of the Soul;" 4to.
John Sparrow, a barrister of the Inner Temple, translated " The
high and deep Searching out of the Life of Man," and several others
of the numerous works of Jacob Behmen, a German cobbler,* and a
celebrated enthusiast. Mr. Law, who was also a translator of his
writings, and many other persons, have lately helped to bring this
profound author into vogue.f The mystical divinity of Behmen
may be compared to a cloudy sky in winter weather ; in which the
same cloud which one fancies to resemble a lion, another shall fancy
to be like a bear, and a third a horse. Mr. Law imagined, that Sir
Isaac Newton took the first hint of his philosophy from Behmen's
divinity ; another, that there is a close analogy betwixt that and
electricity ; and it is very probable that some of his readers have
as clearly discovered in it the vortices of Des Cartes.
SIR HENRY VANE deserves to be ranked in the first class of
mystics, as he is little less profound than Jacob Behmen himself.
We are amazed that a man, whose genius carried him so far above
the common level of mankind in his public character, should sink so
far below common sense in his writings. Don Quixote is supposed
to have spoken like a philosopher upon every thing but knight-
errantry; so did Sir Henry Vane upon any thing but religion. He,
as well as every other ridiculous broacher of heterodoxies, had
many followers.! See the reign of Charles I. Class V.
SIR GEORGE STRODE ; a small oval; in the
title to his translation (from the' Spanish) of Fonseca's
"Holy Love;" 1652; \2mo.
* Some say that he was a cow-keeper till he was about twenty-five "years of age,
when he suddenly fancied himself inspired.
t There are not mysteries enough in religion to exercise the active faith of some
zealots, who cannot be satisfied without adding new ones, till they are lost in the
darkness of enthusiasm. But, as they always fancy themselves under the imme
diate direction of Heaven, they then think they are most enlightened ; and believe
that that faith which can " remove mountains," can also discover divine truth in
nonsense and impossibility.
t See the " Life of Baxter;" fol.. part i. p. 74, et seq.
.VOL. IV. H

50 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sjr George Strode; oval ; in a square frame. W.
Richardson.
I have seen another book, published by this gentleman, namely,
" The Anatomie of Mortalitie, written by George Strode, utter Bar
rister of the Middle Temple, for his own private Comfort," &c.
second edition, 1632 ; 4to.
Sir George Strode, a worthy "benefactor to the church and poor,
died 1663, and was buried in St. James's church, Clerkenwell.
GULIELMUS SANDERSONUS, Mt. 68, 1658.
Soustp.* Faithorne sc. Frontispiece to his "Graphice;"
fol.
Gulielmus Sandersonus, Mt. 68, 1658; by Fai
thorne, but without the name of painter or engraver.
William Sanderson was some time secretary to George Villiers,
the first duke of Buckingham of that name. He distinguished him
self by his loyalty to Charles I. in the time of the civil war, and
was a great sufferer in the royal cause. He was author of " A com
plete History of Mary, Queen of Scotland, and her son King James
.of Great Britain ;" The History of King James of Great Britain ;"
and " The History of King Charles I. from his Cradle to his Grave."
The first of these was written in answer to Wilson's " Life of King
James," to which it is inferior in every respect. This author, as
appears by his " Graphice," was better qualified to write on paint
ing, than to compile histories. All his historical works are more or
less deficient in style, in method, and correctness. Dr. Heylin, in
his " Examen Historicum," has been very free, perhaps too severe,
in his censures upon his writings : and Bishop Kennet has been at
least as rigid a censor, in his Notes on Arthur Wilson's " Life and
Reign of James I."t Our author Sanderson was knighted soon
after the restoration, and made a gentleman ofthe king's bed-cham
ber. Ob. 1676.

• The first impressions are those which were made before the name of the painter
was inserted.
t See Rennet's " Complete Hist." ii. p. 662.

OF ENGLAND. 51
JAMES HOWELL, esq. in a cloak, leaning against
a tree; whole length; motto, " Hie ' tutus obumbror"
Mellan and Bosse sc. Before his " German Diet," 8$c.
and also before his " Londinopolis ;' folio. There is an
other impression with arms, but it is hatched.* There is
a small head of him before his Letters, engraved by
Marshall. James Howell, son of Thomas Howell, minister of Abernant, in
Caermarthenshire, was master of more modern languages, and au
thor of more books, than any other Englishman of his time.f In
the reigns of James and Charles I. he was employed in many agen
cies in foreign parts. In 1627, he was chosen one of the represen
tatives in parliament for the town of Richmond, in Yorkshire ; and
in 1640, succeeded Sir Edward Nicholas as clerk of the council.
In the time of the civil war, he was committed a close prisoner to
the Fleet, where he continued for many years. The greatest part
of his works were written for his support during his confinement;
and he indeed appears, in several of his hasty productions, to have
been more anxious to satisfy his stomach, than to do justice to his
fame. His " Dodona's Grove," which was published in the reign
of Charles I. gained him a considerable reputation. But of all his
performances, his Letters are the most esteemed ; though, as Mr.
Wood justly observes, many of them were never written till he was
in prison. But this censure does not affect his Letters to the Earl
of Strafford, in the first volume of that lord's Papers, none of which
are in the "Epistolae Ho-Elianse." Upon the restoration of Charles II.
he was appointed historiographer royal, which office was created
for him. He continued in it till his death, which happened in No
vember, 1666. His life and character may be sesn in his letters,
which abound with anecdotes.
HENRICUS dom. CARY, baro de Lepington,
com. de Monmouth, &c W. Marshall f Before his
» By hatchingh meant engraving with cross lines that usually produce the shades,
which, in Mellan's prints, are generally caused by stronger and bolder strokes of
the graver.
t Cibber, in his." Lives of the Poets," says, that he published no less than forty-
nine; but the author of his Life, in the " Biographia," has not reckoned up half that
number.

52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
translation ofiSenaulfs " Use of the Passions," 1649 ;
Qvo. Hen. Do. Cary, (vel. Carey), baro de Leppington,
comes Monmouthensis, et hon™. ord. Balneae eques.
Faithorne f Before his translation of Boccalini's "Ad
vertisements from Parnassus;" fol. 1656. There is
another head of him before his translation of Cardinal
Bentivoglids " History of the Wars in Flanders;" fol.
1654. Henry Carey, earl of Monmouth; from an origi
nal at Strawberry-hill ; in " Noble Authors," by Mr.
Park.
Henry Carey, earl of Monmouth, was grandson to Henry, lord
Hunsdon * cousin-german to Queen Elizabeth. He was, in his
tender age, educated with the Duke of York, afterward Charles the
First.f Before he entered upon his travels, he received this admo
nition from Charles : " Be always doing something while you are
abroad." It appears that he acted, in conformity to that prince's
advice, as he returned home a complete master of the languages of
those countries through which he travelled. He was a great suf
ferer by the civil war, particularly by the death of his son, a young
gentleman of great hopes, who was killed at Marston-Moor. But
while some of the nobility were actually embroiled in this war, and
others were miserable from the effects of it, the Earl of Monmouth
enjoyed the calm pleasures of a studious retirement. He composed
nothing of his own ; but translated from Malvezzi, Bentivoglio,
Paruta, Bjondi, &c. no less than seven folios, two qctayos, and a
* His son, Sir Robert Carey, father of Henry, and the first earl of Monmouth,
distinguished himself by riding near three hundred miles in less than three days,
when he went from London to Edinburgh, to inform King James of the death of
Queen Elizabeth. He had several falls and sore bruises on the road, which occa
sioned his going battered and bloody into th? royal presence.}
t Lloyd, in his " Memoirs,"' p. 650, says, that Sir Robert Carey, his father, was
tutor to Charles ; but he is mistaken. See what he was to him, in the " Memoirs of
the Life of the Earl of Monmouth," p. 165. 176. 178.
$ See " His Majesties (King James's) Entertainment from- Scotland tp London,"
p. 2 and 3.

OF ENGLAND. 53
duodecimo. Seethe "Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors."
Ob. 13 June, 1661, Mt. 65. He lies buried in the church of Rick-
mansworth, in Hertfordshire. Some notices of him may be col
lected from the inscription on his tomb.
ROBERTUS STAPYLTONUS, eques auratus,
&c. W. Marshall f Before his translation of Strada
" De Bella Belgico," 1650 ; fol.
Sir Robert Stapylton translated from the Latin, Strada's " History
of the Belgic War;" which is the worst work of that author, and
the best of Sir Robert's ; as indifferent prose is preferable to indif
ferent verse. See the reign of Charles I. Class IX.
JOHN PAWLET (orPowLET), marquis of Winchester, famous
for his defence of Basing-house, translated from the French, "The
Gallery of heroic Women," 1652; and Talon's " Holy History,"
1653 ; 4to. See the reign of Charles I. Class III.
ROBERTUS MENTETHUS,* a Salmoneto,
Scotus. P. Mignard p. Roma, 1656. R.Lochonsc.
1661 ; band, cloak, and coif. Under the oval are these
lines :
Hie est quern legis et stupes legendo,
Toto nobilis orbe Salmonetus.
Ilium, inter scopulos et iliceta,
Sub cos'i genuit rigentis axe
Horrens Scotia tristibus pruinis :
Ne tu forte putes fuisse Galium,
Facundos, lepidos, et elegantes
Toto nobilis orbe Salmoneti
Qui " Gallos" legis et stupes libellos." iEgid. Menagius."
This inscription is at p. 120 of Menage's "Poems,'' the 8th
edition, Amsterdam, 1687, where is also the following epigram,
which contains all that I know of his character : —
* Sometimes written Montethus. He is placed here as a Scottish, historian. He
was chaplain to Cardinal de Retz, who speaks very favourably of him.

54 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
In Libros Historiarum Britannicarum Roberti Montetii,
Salmoneti.
Aspera dumosis genuit quem Scotia sylvis,
Quem blando excepit Gallia culta sinu ;
En voluit grates, genti devinctus utrique,
Et potuit dignas pendere Montetius.
Gallorum lingua, seclis memoranda futuris,
Scotorum scripsit fortia facta ducum.
ROBERTUS MONTEITH. Des Rockers.
1 do not remember to have seen any of this author's writings
quoted, except his " History of Great Britain."
GULIELMUS DUGDALE, Mt. 50, 1656. Hollar
sc. Frontispiece to his "History of Warwickshire ;" fol.
Sir William Dugdale. J.Burche; 4to. InDal-
laway's "Heraldic Inquirer" 1793.
Sir William Dugdale. P.Rothwell, 1812; in
Malcolm's "Lives of Antiquaries."
William Dugdale, who was the most laborious and judicious an
tiquary of his age, has rescued from oblivion an infinite number
of curious and useful records relating to the history and antiquities
of his own country. His " Monasticon Anglicanum," in three vo
lumes folio, in which Roger Dodsworth had a large share, contains
an account of the ancient religious orders of monks and friars, of
the foundations of monasteries, and cathedral and collegiate
churches. His " History of Warwickshire" shews how histories
of particular districts should be written. His " History of imbank-
ing and draining the Fens," which was the most estimable of his
performances, is compiled with great accuracy and judgment. But
his " Baronage," the first genealogical history of our nobility, is
not so accurate as the rest of his compilations; though it has its
merit.* His " History of St. Paul's Cathederal ;" his " Origines
* Mr. Charles Hornby, clerk of the Pipe-office, published an anonymous octavo
pamphlet, in 1738, with this title : " Three Letters, containing Remarks on some

OF ENGLAND. 55
Juridicales," and several other works, are in their kind equally
valuable : and his books in general are of special use to the readers,
as well as the writers of English history. It is remarkable, that
the publication ofthe " Monasticon" was productive of many law
suits, by the revival of old writings ; and that the Puritans were
highly offended at it, as they looked upon it as a large step towards
introducing popery.* Ob. 10 Feb. 1685-6.
ELIAS ASHMOLE, Mercuriophilus Anglicus.
Before his " Fasciculus Cliemicus."
Elias Ashmole. Faithorne sc. a bust ; 4to. Fai
thorne was paid 11. for engraving this head.
Elias Ashmole; copied from Faithorne by Michael
Yandergucht. ' Before the " Antiquities of Berkshire;'
8wo.f Elias Ashmole, together with the head of Lilly
the Astrologer. J. Lodge sc. Before their lives and
that of Charles I. 1774, 8vo.
Elias Ashmole. W. Richardson.
Elias Ashmole. Stowsc. From an original picture
in Malcolms " Lives of Antiquaries ;" 4to.
Elias Ashmole, whom Mr. Wood styles " the greatest virtuoso
and curioso that was ever known or read of in England," had a
happy facility in learning every art or science to which he applied

of the numberless Errors and Defects in Dugdale's Baronage." Mr. Hearne,
having mentioned the " Baronage," in a note on p. 251 of " Lib. Nig. Scaccarii,"
adds: "Specimen satis amplum errorum Dugdalianorum in libellum, memorise
causa, retulit Antonius Wood, opusculum in Museo Ashmoliano adservatum, non-
dum autem in lucem editum."
* Warton's " Life of Dr. Bathurst," p. 148. It is also observable, that this
being almost the only one of our books that finds a ready admittance into the libra
ries of monks, has rendered it scarce.
t We are informed, at p. 81 of his " Diary," that he " sat for a second picture to
Mr. Ryley." I have seen neither of these portraits.

56 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
himself. He studied astrology, botany, chemistry, heraldry, and
antiquities ; in all which he was a great proficient. In the latter
end of the reign of Charles I. he retired to the pleasant village of
Englefield, in Berkshire, where he amused himself with botany.
The time he spent in this delicious retirement appears to have been
the happiest part of his life. In 1650, he published, under the
feigned name of James Hasolle, esq. his " Fasciculus Chemicus, or
Chemical Collections, expressing the Ingress, Progress, and Egress,
ofthe secret Hermetic Science," &c. 12mo. His " Theatrum che-
micum Britannicum," published in 4to. 1652, contains many pieces
of our old hermetic philosophers. This work gained him a consi
derable reputation, which was very much increased by his laborious
and accurate "History of the Order of the Garter," published in
folio, 1672.* He has not taken proportionable pains in his " An
tiquities of Berkshire," which might have been much more com
plete. He enjoyed several lucrative places under the government,
in the reign of Charles II. It is well known that he, in his lifetime
founded the Museum at Oxford, which bears his name. Ob.
18 May, 1692, Mt. 76.
GULIELMUS BURTON, LL. Baccalaureus.
Hollar ; in an oval ; holding a book ; small folio.
William Burton was some time usher to Thomas Farnaby, a
famous schoolmaster in Kent, and was himself afterward a school
master at Kingston-upon-Thames. When he was at the university,
he was patronised by the very learned Mr. Allen, of Gloucester-hall,
who appointed him Greek lecturer there. He had the honour of
speaking a funeral oration upon the death of that excellent person,
which was much applauded for its propriety and elegance. He
wrote annotations upon the first of Clement's epistles, in English,
and histories of the Greek and Persian tongues, in Latin; both
which were published in 1657. His principal work is his learned
Commentary on "Antoninus his Itinerary, or Journies ofthe Roman
* He informs us himself, that he made an expensive and laborious collection of
materials for the "Lives of the Companions of the Order of the Garter."t These
are probably in the Museum at Oxford. See Anstis's " Register of the Garter,"
vol. ii. p. 150.

t "Hist." p. 643.

OF ENGLAND. 57
Empire, so far as it concerneth Britain," 1658 ; fol. to which is pre
fixed his head. At page 136 of this book, he gives some account
of his family, and tells us that his great-grandfather expired with
excess of joy, upon his being informed of the death of Queen
Mary. Ob. 28 Dec. 1657.
RICHARDUS KILBURNE, Topographic Can-
tianse author, Mt. 52, 1657, T. Cross sc.
Richard Kilburne. J. Cook sc. 1812; in Mal
colm's " Lives of Antiquaries ;" 4to.
This person was author of the " Survey of . Kent," 1659; 4to.
Several of our greatest antiquaries speak of his book as modern
and superficial, and consequently of small value. See p. 45 of
Kennet's " Life of Somner," before the second edition of that au
thor's "Treatise of Gavelkind," 1726, 4to. ; and p. 15, of the
second edition of " Nicolson's Historical Library," 1714; folio.
JOHN GREAVES ; inscribed, "Effigies Johannis
Gravii," A. D. 1650. E. M. fee*
This eminent mathematician and antiquary was master, in a high
degree, ofthe natural and acquired qualifications which were neces
sary to extend those branches of science to which he applied him
self. He was educated at Baliol College, in Oxford, from Which
he removed to Merton. He was afterward, on the foot of his great
merit, chosen geometry professor of Gresham College. His ardent
thirst of knowledge soon carried him into several parts of Europe,
where he eagerly seized every opportunity of improving it. His
next voyage was into the Eastern countries ; where nothing re
markable in the heavens, earth, or even subterranean places, seems
to have escaped his nice observation. He, with indefatigable in-
* In the improved copy of Ward's "Lives of the Gresham Professors," in the
British Museum, under John Gkeaves, at p. 152, is the following additional para
graph: "The Reverend Mr. Edward Browne,great-grandson of Dr. Thomas Greaves.t
and rector of Walesby, in Lincolnshire, has the head of Mr. John Greaves, etched
on a copper-plate ; several copies of which have been printed off at the expense of
the Reverend Dr. Thomas Birch."— MS.
t Brother to John.
VOL. IV. I

58 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
-dustry, and at the- peril of his life, collected a considerable number
of Arabic, Persic, and Greek manuscripts for Archbishop Laud.
Of these he .well knew the value, as he was a master of the lan
guages in which they were written. He also collected for that
prelate many oriental gems and coins.* He took a more accurate
survey of the pyramids than any traveller who went before him.
On his return from the East, he visited several parts of Italy a
second time. During his stay at Rome, he made a particular in
quiry into the true state of the ancient weights and measures. Soon
after he had finished his second voyage, he was chosen Savilian
professor of astronomy at Oxford. He was eminently qualified for
his professorship, as the works of ancient and modern astronomers
were familiar to him. His books relating to oriental learning, his
" Pyramidographia, or a Description of the Pyramids in Egypt,"
his " Epochee Celebriores," and other curious and useful pieces,
of which Dr. Ward has given us a catalogue,* shew him to have
been a great man. Those which he intended to publish would
have shewn him to be a greater ; but he was stopped in his career
by death, the 8th of October, 1652, in the 50th year of his age.
JONAS MOORE, Mt. 35. 1649. H. Stone p.
T. Cross sc. small.
Jonas Moore. N Yeates.
Jonas Moore, Mt. 45 ; prefixed to his "Arith
metic" 1660; 8vo.
Jonas Moore ; reading; 4to.
Jonas Moore, .one of the most eminent mathematicians of his
age, was born at Whitlee, J in Lancashire. He had a strong pro
pensity to mathematical studies from his' childhood, and in the early
part of his life taught the mathematics in London for his support.
He was employed by the commissioners for draining and dividing
the fens ; and in his survey took notice that the sea made a curve
* He ranged the coins, which the archbishop presented to the university, in their
proper order, and was appointed keeper of them.
t See Ward's " Lives of the professors of Gresham College."
t Spelt Whitk, in Spelraan's ." Villare Anglicum."

OF ENGLAND. 59
line on the beach, from which he took the hint to keep it effectually
out of Norfolk. This added much to his reputation. Mr. Aubrey
informs us, that he made a model of a citadel, for Cromwell to
bridle the city of London, which was in the possession of Mr. Wild ;
and that this citadel was to have been the cross-building of St.
Paul's church.* He patronised the famous Mr. Flamsteed, who
had but a very scanty subsistence at Cambridge when he took him
under his protection. He and Sir Christopher Wren are said to
have persuaded Charles II. to build the Observatory at Greenwich,
in which Flamsteed was placed. He was the first Englishman that
composed a " System of the Mathematics," which was published in
two volumes 4to. 1681. He was knighted by Charles II. who ap
pointed him surveyor-general of the ordnance. Sixty pieces of
artillery, equal to the number of his years, were discharged at the
Tower at his funeral. Ob. Aug. 1679.f See more of him in Birch's
" History of the Royal Society," vol. iv. p. 106.
GULIELMUS BAGWELL, Mt. 66, 1659; six
English verses ; copied.
" In traffic first his youthful time he spent,
And over seas to foreign countries went :
But nature crossed him there, knowing his parts ,
Were destined rather, to improve the arts :
His serious hours on them, his hours of leisure,
Elsewhere the first, the next here brings you pleasure."
William Bagwell was author of " The Mystery of Astronomy
made easy to the meanest Capacity," 1655 ; 8vo. His portrait is
prefixed to a small 12mo. book, entitled " Wits Extraction, con
veyed to the Ingenious in Riddles, Observations and Morals," com
posed by W. B. Truth's Servant, 1664." On the back of the portrait
is printed a curious group of a family seated at table as an evening
party ; with an explanation, engraved by J. Chantry. Bagwell was a
prisoner for debt, in 1637, and wrote a poem upon his sufferings in
1644. * MS. in the " Ashmolean Museum," whence the above account of him is chiefly
taken. Mr. Aubrey concludes the short sketch of his history with saying, " that
he was a good mathematician, and a good fellow. '
t Ashmole's " Diary."

60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JAMES HARRINGTON, esq. &c from an ori
ginal picture in the possession of John Hudson, esq. of
Bessingby, in Yorkshire. Marchif. h.sh. mezz.
James Harrington, esq. Lely p. Hollar f. xoith
arms; 1658; 4to.
Sir James Harrington, Mt. 45; 1654. Fai
thorne sc. 4to. in an octagon,
James Harrington. P. Lely; M.v.Gucht.
James Harrington. P. Lely; W.Richardson.
This political projector was author of a celebrated book, entitled,
" The Commonwealth of Oceana ;" in which he has laid down a
plan for an everlasting republic, the government of which is to be
kept up by rotation. There is great ingenuity in this work ; but it
is, in many instances, as refined, and consequently as impracticable,
as the " Republic" of Plato, or the " Utopia" of More. The author,
who was a great visionary, was sanguine enough to expect to see
it put in execution. Baxter's " Holy Commonwealth" was avowedly
levelled at this political romance. But Harrington, who expressed
a great contempt for that performance, did not vouchsafe to write
a serious answer to it ; but affected to treat the author in a very
cavalier manner, in a half sheet full of cant and ridicule. Two
editions of Harrington's works have been published of late years.
Ob. 11 Sept. 1677. See Katharine Harrington, Class XI.
ROBERT LOVEDAY; octagon; on the top, "Lu-
cidamant." Faithorne sc. 8vo. There is a copy of this
before his " Letters" 1659; 8vo.
Robert. Loveday was translator of the three first part? of " Cleo
patra," and author of a book of letters ; both which performances
were in good esteem. It appears from the latter, that he was an
upper servant in Lord C.'s family, at Nottingham, at the time of the
Interregnum, There is a familiar openness in his letters, which
intimates that the author never intended they should be made
public.

OF ENGLAND. 61
HENRY MASS1NGBERD. Cross sc. h. sh.
Copied by W. Richardson.
This person was author of a folio, entitled, " Council and
Admonition to his Children;" Lond. 1656; to which his print is
prefixed. Several authors on music in the next Class.
RICHARDUS ELTON, generosus Bristol, nee
non artis militaris magister, Ann. 1649, Mt. 39. J.
Droeshout sc. h. sh.
Under the print are eight verses, which I shall transcribe, as
they may serve as a specimen of the encomiums which have been
formerly lavished upon authors, whose works are now used for
waste paper. "* If Rome unto her conqu'ring Csesars raise
Rich obelisks, to crown their deathless praise ;
What monument to thee must Albion rear,
To shew thy motion in a brighter sphere ?
This art's too dull to do't; 'tis only done
Best by thyself: so lights the world the sun.
We may admire thy face, the sculptor's art,
But we are extasy'd at th' inward part."
Richard Elton was author of " A complete Body of the Art
Military, being plain and perfect Directions for the ordering and
framing of an Army, both of Horse and Foot : together with the
Manner of Fortifications, and the Art of. Gunnery ;" fol. to which
his head is prefixed. 1 find by Clavel's " Catalogue," that this
book was reprinted after the. restoration. I need not inform the
reader, that the art of war has been almost totally changed since
the publication of this work.
WILLIAM BARIFF, or Bariffe, Mt. 35 ; pre
fixed to " Military Discipline," 1643; 4to. Glover.
William Bariffe, Mt. 42 ; prefixed to the same.
William Bariff ; in armour; sash, &;c. In
Ricraft.

62 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM BARIFFE, who, in the year 1642, was a major in
Col. Hamden's regiment,* flourished during the Interregnum. He
¦was author of a book of " Military Discipline," of which there have
been several editions. The last edition was, I think, printed in
folio, 1661.
RIC. RAWLYNS. R. Gaywoodf. 1656 ; copied.
This person, who styles himself " Professor of Arithmetic in
Great Yarmouth," was author of a practical treatise on that art,
published in 1656, 8vo: before which is the head above described,
engraved much in the manner of Hollar, of- whom Gaywood was a
disciple and imitator.
THOMAS WILLSFORD, Mt.46. R. Vaughan sc.
Under the print are four verses, signed M. Boteler.
Thomas Willsford was author of a book in 8vo. called " Nature's
Secrets, or the History of the Generation of Meteors," 1658; which
he dedicates to the Lady Stafford, sister to Lord Henry Stafford.
At the conclusion he signs himself " her affectionate kinsman."
M. Boteler, whose name is affixed to the lines at the bottom of the
print, addresses a long copy of verses to his honoured uncle, upon
his book of meteors. Thomas Willsford was also author of a
" Treatise of Arithmetic," in 8vo. His head, by Vaughan, is pre
fixed to both his books. Cocker, Leybourn, Hill, and others, have
much improved the art of arithmetic, since the two last-mentioned
authors wrote on that subject.
WILLIAM LILLY, student in astrology. Hollar f
\2mo. William Lilly, Mt. 57. Hollar f.
William Lilly, student in astrology; copied
from Hollar.
William Lilly ; prefixed to his " Ephemeris,"
1650.
* See the " List of the Armies," published in 1642.

OF ENGLAND. 63
William Lilly; do. R.Gaywood.
Willtam Lilly ; oval; do. Marshall.
William Lilly; half length ; sitting at a table;
to his " Christian Astrology." Marshall.
William Lilly ; to his "Ephemeris." R. Vaughan.
William Lilly; in an oval ; between Cardan and
Guido; four verses.
In the Ashmolean Museum is his portrait, which was the pro
perty of the founder. It may be depended upon for the likeness.
William Lilly was a native of Diseworth, in Leicestershire. He
was, for several years, in the condition of a servant ; but having
the good luck to marry his master's widow, with a fortune of 1000?.
he applied himself to the study of astrology. He made so great a
proficiency, that in seven or eight weeks he perfectly understood
how to set a figure. He intimates, that there was something su
pernatural in the progress he made in this art ; as he tells us, that
" he prayed for several weeks to those angels who were thought
and believed by wise men to teach and instruct in all the several
liberal sciences." * In 1647, he finished his book called " Christian
Astrology ;" but has not any where signified that the angels lent
him their assistance in that work ; nor does it appear that there is
any thing in it more than the author himself was well able to per-
form.f It is very certain that he regarded judicial astrology as a
science ; and it is no less certain that he prostituted his pen to the
political purposes of the parliament and of Cromwell. J Astrolo
gical predictions and prophecies were perfectly suited to the enthu
siasm of these times ; and Lilly well knew how to apply them to
* He says, that " the angels very rarely speak to any operator or master; and
when they do speak, it'is like the Irish, much in the throat."— Lilly's "Life," by
himself, p. 88, last edit.
t There is before this book a good head of the author, by Marshall.
X " When Cromwell was in Scotland, a soldier stood with Lilly's (Merlinus)
Anglicus in his hand, and said, as the several troops passed by him, ' Lo hear what
Lilly saith, you are promised victory, fight it out, brave boys;' and then read that
month's prediction." — " Life," p. 83.

64 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the hopes and fears of the populace. He was frequently ambiguous
and oracular, and sometimes amused the people with hieroglyphics ;
many of which, as we are told by Mr. Aubrey, he stole from an old
monkish manuscript. Moore, the almanack-maker, has stolen se
veral from him ; and there is no doubt but some future almanack-
maker will steal them from Moore. Ob. June 9, 1681.*
JOHN BOOKER; oval; in a cloak; a book in his
hand; anonymous; scarce.
John Booker, Mt. 46 ; small.
John Booker. Hollar f \2mo.
John Booker was bred a haberdasher ; f but quitted this em
ployment, and followed that of a writing-master, at Hadley, in
Middlesex. He in a few years rendered himself so eminent, that
he was appointed licenser of mathematical books ; under which
were included all those that related to the celestial sciences. Lilly
tells us, that he once thought him the greatest astronomer in the
* Lilly, though known to be an impostor,:): had, however, a pension of 100!.
a year conferred on him by the council of state. The royalists treated him
wilh ridicule and contempt. He is the Sidrophel of Butler : and Sir John Birken
head, in his "Paul's Church-Yard,"§ satirizes his almanack, where he mentions
" Merlinus Anglicus, the Art of discovering all that never was, and all that never
shall be." Gataker, who well knew the futility of his art, calls him " blind buz-
zarcl."|| He seems to have been checked by no scruples in promoting the rebellion ;
and indeed tells us himself, that he " engaged body and soul in the cause of the
parliament."^ The Life of Lilly, by himself, together with his Life of Charles I. and that of his
friend Ashmole, written by that author by way of diary, have, as they were become
very scarce, been lately republished by Thomas Davies. " A full Answer to a
confused mixture of false, traiterous, and contradictory Observations on the Life
and Actions of the late King Charles, published by William Lilly, in July, 1651,"
is one of the " Historical Discourses" of Sir Edward Walker, 1705, fol.
t So Lilly informs us; but Mr. Wood says, that he was bred a clerk under an
alderman of London : this alderman was probably a haberdasher.

t See Thurloe's " State Papers," v. 431.
§ This pamphlet is a facetious satire upon various books well known at this time,
and supposed to be sold in St. Paul's Church-yard.
|| Gataker's Notes on the 2d Verse of the X. Chapter of Jeremiah, in the " As
sembly's Annotations."
t Lilly's " Life," p. 45.

OF ENGLAND. 65
world ; but it appears that he afterward sunk in his esteem, and
that he thought himself a much greater man. We are told by the
same author, that " he had a curious fancy in judging of thefts,
and as successful in resolving love questions," which was a capital
branch of his trade. George Wharton, who was formerly one of
his astrological friends, had a great quarrel with him, which occa
sioned his publishing, " Mercurio-ccelico Mastix; or an Anti-caveat
to all such as have heretofore had the misfortune to be cheated and
deluded by that great and traiterous impostor, John Booker; in an
Answer to his frivolous Pamphlet, entitled, Mercurius Ccelicus, or
a Caveat to all the People of England;" Oxon. 1644; 4to. The
only work of Booker, worth the reader's notice, is his " Bloody
Irish Almanack," which contains some memorable particulars rela
tive to the war in Ireland. Ob. April, 1667.
CAPTAIN GEORGE WHARTON ; six verses,
" Here the true Counterfeit," 8gc. This print may be
placed in the preceding reign.
George Wharton; six verses, "Wise Nature" &;c.
George Wharton, by Faithorne; six verses, " Who
views," &;c.
George Wharton was descended from a genteel family in West
moreland. He spent the greatest part of his patrimony in the service
of Charles I. for whom he raised a fine troop of horse, which he
commanded in person. When he could no longer keep the field,
he retired to his studies, which he pursued with uncommon appli
cation ; particularly that of astrology, to which he had a strong and
early propensity. His progress in this art was suitable to his pas
sion for it; and he was looked upon by the royalists as equal, at
least, to Lilly and Booker, of whom he was the rival and antagonist.
He was author of Almanacks, Mercuries, and several astronomical
pieces. We are indebted to him for a chronology of the battles,
sieges, and other remarkable occurrences of the civil war, since
printed, with many additions, in the " Historian's Guide," and of
late years in Salmon's " Chronological Historian," He had a
knack of versifying, which he exercised in little sallies of drollery
and satire, which are interspersed with his astrological works.
vol. iy. k

66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Upon the restoration he was appointed treasurer and paymaster
of the ordnance, and created a baronet, which set him above the
profession of an author. The name of Naxoorth, the anagram of
Wharton, is sometimes prefixed to his almanacks. Ob. 12 Aug,
1681. See the reign of Charles II.
JOHANNES GADBURIUS, philomath, natus
comitat. Oxon. An. 1627. Mt. 31. T. Cross sc. Over
his head are the sun, moon, and stars; his left hand rests
on a celestial globe, and the book of Heaven is open be*
fore him.* — The print is before his " Doctrine of Na
tivities," 1658 ; fol.
Johannes Gadburius. Cross sc. \2mo.
John Gadbury, who served an apprenticeship with a tailor at
Oxford, left that occupation, and pursued the vehement inclination
he had to astrology. He learned much of his art from Lilly, under
whom he profited to such a degree, that he was soon enabled " to
set up the trade of almanack-making and fortune-telling for him
self ."f His pen was employed for many years on nativities, alma
nacks, and prodigies. Other astrologers were content to exercise
their art for the benefit of their own country only, but Gadbury
extended his to a remote part of the globe ; as, in 1674, he pub
lished his " West India, or Jamaica Almanack," for that year. He
calculated the nativities of Charles I. the King of Sweden, and
Sir Matthew Hale ; all which are in print. He styles Sir Matthew
f the just and pious Scorpionist, as he was born under the celestial
Scorpion." He was very careful to do justice to all the constel-i
lations, particularly to that just mentioned, as appears from hjs.
" Obsequium Rationabile ; or a reasonable Service performed for
the celestial Sign Scorpio, in twenty remarkable Genitures of that
glorious, but stigmatized Horoscope, against the malicious and
false Attempts of that grand (but fortunate) Impostor Mr. William
Lilly."J He was no less careful to do justice to the merit.' of his
friend Mr. George Wharton, most of whose works he collected and
* In the book is an astrological scheme, inscribed " Lib. Cceli."
t Wood, ii. col. b'86.
t -r  :  " Tibi brachia contrahit ardens
Scorpius, et crelr justa plus parte reliquit."— Vine.

OF ENGLAND. 67
published, in 1683, 8vo. He was living in 1690 * and was thought
to be alive for many years after his decease, as his name continued
to be affixed to an almanack similar to that which was published in
his lifetime. " The black Life of John Gadbury" was written by
Partridge. There are several heads of him, which belong to the
reign of Charles II.
GULIELMUS RAMESEY, generosus; nat. ci-
vitat. Westmonast. 13 Mar. 1626-27. Cross sc. h.sh,
Gulielmus Ramesey, generosus ; Mt. 24; a
bust. William Ramesey was author of a chimerical book in vindication
of astrology. This man did not look upon darkness as a privation
of light, but as a real substance. He asserted that it is an emana
tion from dark stars, as light is from the sun. He even thought
this absurdity supported by Scripture, where he read of "darkness
over the land of Egypt, which may be felt;"f not distinguishing
betwixt the stated laws of nature, and the extraordinary agency of
divine Providence ; or, in other words, betwixt natural and super
natural darkness. The author of number 582 of the " Spectator,"
has made himself very merry with this profound writer, who thought
himself far more sagacious than the rest of his astrological brethren.
He appears to me to be the same person with Dr. William Ramesey,
who was, perhaps, the most credulous and confident of all astro
logers. He was mad by the rules of his art, and promised himself
great affluence of fortune, and much conjugal felicity; but died
poor in a gaol, and had such a termagant for his wife as provoked
him to write, " Conjugium Conjurgium," which appears to have
been written from his feelings. J
GULIELMUS WILLIAMS, alias Willisum,
nat. comitat. Gloc. Janu. 27, 1626; philosophus ;
Mt. 32.
I am credibly informed that this print was copied from that of
Christian Ravius, professor of Oriental languages at Amsterdam.
» See " Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 1051. t Exod. a. 21.
See Dr. Ramksey's article in the reign of Charles II.

66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Williams was an astrologer of inferior note, of which
many flourished at this period, and after the restoration. The
respect then paid to astrologers, by the generality of men of learning,
was equal to the contempt they lie under at present.* Some
among the vulgar beheld them with rude admiration, and thought
that an order of men who were familiarly acquainted with the stars,
and privy to the decrees of Heaven, were in the highest degree re
spectable. Others,\vho looked upon their art as sorcery, regarded
them with horror and detestation. The white witches were com
monly thought to be masters ofthe black art; but were supposed to
have too much probity to put it in practice.
ROBERT MAY, Mt. 71, 1660; six verses, "What
wouldst thou view" 8$c. Before his "Accomplished Cook/'
1660; 8vo. (Gaywood.)
Robert May, who was son of a cook retained by the old Lady
Dormer, was, at her expense, sent over to France, to improve him
self in the art of cookery. Upon his return to England, he was
hound apprentice to Arthur Hollingsworth, cook to the grocers'
company and the Star-chamber. Upon his leaving his master, he
entered into the service of Lady Dormer, who kept four cooks be
sides our author and his father. " Such notable houses (says he)
were then kept, the glory of that, and the shame of the present
age : then were those golden days wherein were practised the
triumphs and trophies of cookery : then was hospitality esteemed,
neighbourhood preserved, the poor cherished, and God honoured."
After the decease of the hospitable Lady Dormer, he served the
Lord Castlehaven, and several others of the nobility and gentry ;
and was, in 1659, when he put the last hand to his book, in the
service of Lady Englefield. The author's fundamental principle
seems to be, to make things palatable with any ingredients, or at any
expense. This has been followed by a multitude of other writers on
cookery ; and is indeed apparent in every book on that art, from
the " Queen's Closet opened," down to the last ofthe modern sys
tems. He has given us a handsome bill of fare for Lent, which
* The famous BIr. Joseph Mede spent much of his time in the study of astrology ;
and the most valuable of Lilly's astrological books belonged to the excellent Bishop
Bedell, whose " Life" was written by Dr. Burnet. See Lilly's " Life," p. 23, edit.
17-15.

OF ENGLAND. 69
consists of sixteen articles in the first course, and as many in the
second. The pudding branch has been greatly improved by our
late writers, one of whom has published one hundred different re
ceipts, for puddings. Our author May has wholly omitted to treat
of the mystery of carving, which is anatomically discussed in seve
ral subsequent treatises ; in one or two of which is a set of rules
for doing the honours of the table. — See more of this man in the
account of him before his book.*
SIR ROBERT GORDON, of Straloch; from an
original painting in the College of Aberdeeen. Trotter sc.
8vo.
Sir Robert Gordon, of Straloch. Harding exc.
8vo.
Sir Robert Gordon, an eminent Scottish antiquarian, was author
of the following works : 1. Several Latin topographical and anti
quarian essays, published in Blaw's Atlas of Scotland, 1656. The
Dutch editor thought proper to insert Buchanan's treatise, De Jure
Regni, supposed to be a democratic, but really an aristocratic, per
formance, if viewed practically, as it prefers a senate and nobles, as
in Venice, to kings ; but points out no new organ of the popular
voice. And he dedicated the work to Cromwell, while Sir Robert
had inscribed it to Charles II. as the dedication itself, afterward in
the hands of his son James Gordon, parson of Rothimay, was pro
duced to shew. — Of this great work Sir John Scott, of Scotstarvet,
was the projector, and bore the expense : the maps were drawn by
Timothy Pont, under the direction of the ministers, as ordered by
the General Assembly ; most of the descriptions are by Sir Robert
Gordon. It is remarkable the county of Angus is omitted.
2. Origo et processus familix illustrissimce Gordianorum in Scotia, a
4to. MS. of about nine sheets, extending to the year 1596, com
posed in his seventieth year, or perhaps translated from the MS.
history of the family of Gordon, by Sir Robert Gordon, of Gordon-
* The author of the " School of Instruction for the Officers of the Mouth,"
flourished at the same time with May. He excelled all his contemporaries in
folding of napkins. See the prints in his book, which exhibit them under a great
variety of forms. This practice continued for many years. It seems to have re
quired almost as much time as dressing an elegant dinner.

70 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ston, who also wrote an account of the family of Sutherland, and
died in 1656.
3. Epistola ad Davidem Buchananum de Historicis Scoticis : pub
lished by Hearne in the Prolegomena to Leland's Collectanea, and
several manuscript letters and papers preserved in the Advocate's
Library, and other repositories.
The dates of Sir Robert's birth and death do not appear, but he
wrote in full vigour in the time of Charles I.

AN IRISH AUTHOR.
JACOBUS WARjEUS, eq.aurat. &c. Vertuesc.
h.sh. Before his Works.
Sir James Ware. Thane.
Sir James Ware, auditor- general of Ireland, and one of the
privy council in that kingdom, in the reigns of Charles I. and II.
was one of the most able and industrious antiquaries of his time.
The grand object of his researches was the history and antiquities
of his own country; for which he made very copious collections,
and on which he published several estimable pieces. One of the
most considerable of his writings is his book " De Hibernia et Anri-
quitatibus ejus, Disquisitiones," 8vo. ; of which two editions were
published during the Interregnum. His son, Robert Ware, esq.
translated all his works that have any relation to the kingdom of
Ireland, and published them in one volume folio, 1705. This
edition is improved to three volumes in folio, by Walter Harris, esq.
The learned and industrious author, who was the Camden of his
age and nation, died at Dublin, the 1st of December, 1666. His
valuable collection of manuscripts, which were purchased by Henry,
earl of Clarendon, were by him brought into England, and deli
vered into the custody of Dr. Tenison, when he was vicar of St.
Martin's in the Fields. There is a catalogue of them in print, by
Edm. Gibson, B. A. afterward bishop of London.

OF ENGLAND. 71
CLASS X.
ARTISTS, &c.
PAINTERS OF HISTORY, &c
ISAAC FULLER, ipse p. T. Chambars sc. In the
c< Anecdotes of Painting;' 4to. — There is a good por
trait of him, by himself, in the Picture Gallery at
Oxford. Fuller was a disciple of Francis Perrier, who etched the antique
statues and bas-reliefs. He was as excellent in portrait, as he
was deficient in history. He painted the altar-pieces at All Souls
and Magdalen College, in Oxford ; both which are very indifferent
performances. He has, in the latter, imitated the Last Judgment
of Michael Angelo, in which he has not succeeded. There is in the
picture by that celebrated master a wildness of invention; but it
is the wildness of a great and irregular genius : Fuller's has more
of the wildness of a dream. His colouring is harsh and unnatural.
Mr. Addison has written a beautiful Latin poem on this perfor
mance, in which he has shewn himself a better painter than Fuller.
He has described what it should be, not what it is.* Ob. circ.
1676. PETER LELY, a German, who came into England in the late
reign, painted the pictures of Charles I. and of Cromwell. He
practised history, landscape, and portrait ; but soon abandoned
the two former branches, and cultivated only the latter ; in which
* Fuller has introduced into this picture the portrait of an hostler that lived at
the Greyhound-Inn, at Oxford, who is aaid to have offended him, and to have been
therefore placed among the damned. This seems to be in conformity with Michael
Angelo, who has introduced into his Last Judgment a very ridiculous portrait of
the pope's master of the ceremonies, in as ridiculous a situation. f The painter of
die west window of the church of Fairford, in Gloucestershire, has,' perhaps, for a
like reason, exhibited, in his piece of the Resurrection, a devil driving an old wo
man into hell ina wheel-barrow.
t The figure is at the bottom of the piece, and is known by the asses' ears. See
Richardson's f* Account of Statues," &c. p. 271, second ''edit.

72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he succeeded. He became the painter in vogue after the resto
ration. See the reign of Charles II.
ROBERTUS WALKER, pictor; se ipse p. Lom
bart sc. h.sh.
Robertus Walker. T. Chambars sc. In the
"Anecdotes of Painting;" copied from the above print.
The original portrait is at Belvoir Castle. There is another of
him, by himself, in the Picture Gallery, in Oxford.
Robert Walker, a good painter of portraits, did those of Crom
well, and many of the parliament generals. The Grand Duke of
Tuscany gave 500/. for a picture of the Protector by his hand.
This was in the possession of a gentlewoman who was related tb
him, and who asked that sum for it because she was determined
not to sell it. When the money was paid by tbe Grand Duke's
agent, she parted from it with regret. Mr. Misson tells us, in his
" Travels," that this portrait, and that of Thomas, earl of Ossory,
were the only pictures of Englishmen in the Gallery of illustrious
Generals at Florence. This artist died soon after the restoration.
EDVARDUS MASCALL, pictor; ipse p. J. Gam
mon sc. 4to.
Edward Mascall; in the print with Gentileschi,
in Lord O? ford's "Painters"
Edward Mascal painted portraits at the time of the Interregnum,
but rose to no great eminence in his art.
MAJOR-GENERAL LAMBERT. Bannerman sc.
In the "Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.
Lambert, sitting painting; se ipse pinxit. J.Smith
fee. 1697. I was credibly informed by one of the
family residing in Oxfordshire, and who is in pos
session of the original picture, that it is General

OF ENGLAND. 73
Lambert. It certainly is not Lambert the landscape
painter, as classed by Bromley.
Major-general Lambert took up the pencil for his amusement,
after Cromwell had wrested the sword from his hand. He painted
flowers, which he was fond of cultivating. He is supposed to have
learned his art of Baptist Gaspars.
The arts, which flourish best under an accomplished and muni
ficent monarch, in time of peace, seemed to be almost totally ex
tinct during the republican government. They could scarcely be
said to revive after the restoration of Charles II.
THOMAS SIMON ; a small oval by Yertue, in his
volume of the " Works ofthe Simons," plate xxxv.
Thomas Simon, who was formed in England by Briot, a cele
brated French medalist, rivalled the classic artists of antiquity.
He and his master were retained in the service of Charles I. but
almost all the capital works of the former were executed during
the protectorate of Cromwell, the dies for whose crown,* half-
crown, shilling, and sixpence, were exquisitely cut by him, as were
also his great seal, and that of the Commonwealth. His trial-piece
of the crown of Charles II. shews to equal advantage the excellence
of his hand. He was sometimes assisted by his brother Abraham,
the ingenious modeller in wax, of whom there is an account in the
reign of Charles.
MR. JOHN LUCAS ; a small head, in the fron
tispiece to Winstanley's " Loyal Martyrology" 1665;
8vo.
* This piece, which has about the edge a motto from Terence, " HAst nisi pe-
riturus mihi adimat nemo," is scarce, It sold, "Credite, posteri!" at the late
Mr. West's sale, for 68/. I, who know not who was the purchaser, and therefore
am absolutely free from personal prejudice, cannot help observing, that he appears
to be far gone in the frenzy of the virtu. Dr. M * *, though a virtuoso himself,
would, surely, in this instance, have pronounced him insane, if he had given only a
quarter of the money.
It should be observed, that though the information of the fact mentioned in this
note, came to me from a very good hand, I have, since it was printed, been told it
is, at least, questionable.
t Scil. Ang. Scot, et Hib. which are in the legend of the obverse. V. Terent.
" Andr.'' act. iv. sc. 8. 1. 14.
VOL. IV. L

74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mr. John Lucas; enlarged from the print above;
8vo.
Mr. John Lucas, a mercer of very good estate and reputation at
Hungerford, in Berkshire, was one of the loyal adventurers that,
joining with Penruddock, Grove, and others, at Salisbury, in their
unsuccessful attempt to restore Charles the Second, was taken pri
soner by the republican troops, brought to trial, found guilty, and
lost his head in 1655.
ROBERT VAUGHAN ; from a drawing in the
possession of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William
Oldys'. R. Grave, jun. sc. 8vo.
Robert Vaughan was a native of England, and one of those in
different engravers, whose labours were confined to the ornament
ing (if such a word may be properly used upon the occasion) of
books. We know little of his life; but Vertue informs us, from
Ashmole's manuscript, that during the Interregnum, he engraved a
print of Charles the Second; to which he added so offensive an in
scription, that an accusation was preferred against him for it after
the restoration ; but of what consequence it was to Vaughan we are
not told. Among his works are the prints for Norton's Ordinal ; the
portrait of Sir John Wynn of Gwedyr, a large whole sheet print ;
Edward Terry, rector of Greenford, said to be the best by
Vaughan, with the date 1655; he engraved also several plates of
monuments and other antiquities.
There is a print of Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, general of
the parliament; which Ames mentions as by J. Vaughan. Mr.
Walpole supposes this may have been an error of the press ; if not,
he adds, that it might have been by a brother of Robert Vaughan.
It is probably a mistake ; unless designed for a G. and then it
might have been engraved by William Vaughan, who engraved the
scarce set of prints of Sir William Dick of Braid ; and who fre
quently put his baptismal name in Latin.
MUSICIANS.
CHRISTOPHORUS SIMPSON. J.Carwardenp.
Faithorne sc. Before his " Division Violist, or an In-

OF ENGLAND. 75
troduction to the playing on a Ground;" fol. 1659.
There is an original portrait of him in the music-
school at Oxford.
Christopher Simpson. Carwarden'; Grignon.
In Hawkins's " History."
Christopher Simpson was patronised by Sir Robert Bolles, a gen
tleman of Lincolnshire ; who having a seat in parliament, some
times resided in London, and Mr. Simpson with him. He was a
great composer of instrumental music, and excelled on the division-
viol. Besides the work above mentioned, he made large annota
tions on "The Art of setting, or composing Music;" Lond. 1655.
He also published a very good " Compendium of practical Music ;
containing, 1. The Rudiments of Song ; 2. The Principles of Com
position ; 3. The Use of Discords; 4. The Form of figurate Descant ;
5. The Contrivance of Canon ;" 8vo. several times printed.* Before
this is a smaller head than that above described, engraved by the
same hand. The author, who was a Roman Catholic, died in the
house of his patron, soon after the restoration^ See the reign of
Charles II.
JOHANNES GAMBLE, philomusicus. T. Cross
sc. h. sh.
Johannes Gamble. W. Richardson.
John Gamble was regularly bred to music under Ambrose Bey-
land, a noted master of that art, with whom he served an appren
ticeship. Upon his leaving his master, he became one of the mu
sicians to the playhouse, and afterward cornet to the king's chapel.
After the restoration, he was appointed one of the violins to
Charles II. and composer of music to the king's theatre. He pub
lished "Ayres and Dialogues, to be sung to the Theorbo-Lute, or
Bass-Viol," 1657 ; fol. before which is his portrait. Some amorous
pieces, written by Thomas Stanley, esq. are in this book ; before
which are commendatory verses by A. Brome, Richard Love
lace, &c.
* This book has been commended by Dr. Hayes, now professor of music at
Oxford. t The above article is chiefly taken from a manuscript account of musicians, in
the Aahinolcan Museum, by Mr. Wood.

76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WRITING-MASTERS, &c.
EDWARD COCKER, Mt. 26. Gaywoodf.
Edward Cocker. Mt. 26, 1657; oval, adorned
with foliage; 4to. (Gay wood.)
Edward Cocker, Mt. 28, 1660; copied from the
next above. See the reign of Charles II.
Edward Cocker, who was deservedly reckoned among the im
provers of the arts of writing and arithmetic, published no less than
fourteen copy-books, engraved by his own hand. Some of his
calligraphical pieces, which were done on silver plates, have a
neatness and delicacy superior to the rest. There was never any
writing-master before or after him who printed so much : indeed
his being so general a publisher has been justly objected to him as
a fault. Mr. Evelyn mentions Cocker, Gery, Gething, and Bil-
lingsley, as comparable with the Italian masters, both for letters
and flourishes." Cocker's " Vulgar and Decimal Arithmetics"
have been often printed. He was also author of a small English
dictionary, and editor of a book of sentences for writing, called
" Cocker's Morals." Ob. circ. 1677.
THOMAS SHELTON, master of short-hand; Mt.
49, 1650; \2mo.
Thomas S helton; ina small oval of foliage. This
is the title to his " Tachy-graphy." There is a small
bust of him in the Latin edition of this book, which was
published in 1671.
Thomas Shelton ; a small oval. Cross sc. Before
his Psalms in short- hand, probably published at this
period. Qucere. See an account of him in the reign
of Charles I.
* " ScuJptura," edit. 1759, p. 92.

OF ENGLAND. 77
JEREMIAH RICH. Cross sc. \2mo.
Jeremiah Rich ; Svo.
Jeremiah Rich. Cross; different from the other.
Jeremiah Rich, Mt. 24; prefixed to his "Pen's
Dexterity."
" Currant verba licet, lingua est velocior illis :
Nondum lingua, suum dextra peregit opus."
" The Pen's Dexterity : by these incomparable Contractions, by
which a sentence is as soon writ as a Word : allowed by Authority,
and passed the two Universities, with great Approbation and Ap
plause. Invented and taught by Jeremiah Rich, 1659." This,
which is his best work, is supposed to be that which is recom
mended by Mr. Locke.
John Lilburne offered to give the author a certificate under his
own hand, that he took down his trial at the Old Bailey with the
greatest exactness. The book of Psalms in Rich's Character is in
print. His short-hand was taught in Dr. Doddridge's academy at
Northampton.
NOAH BRIDGES: " Res valet, Ars prcestat ; si
Res peril, Ars mihirrestat ;" \2mo. Engraved in the
manner of Loggan.
This gentleman, who was educated at Baliol College, in Oxford,
was clerk to the parliament that assembled there in 1643. He was
author of " The Act of short and secret Writing," 1659, 12mo.
which it is probable Mr. Wood had not seen, as he makes no men
tion of it in his article. His head is prefixed to this book. See
the reign of Charles II.
JOHN BROWNE, mathematical instrument-
maker ; a whole length. Gay wood sc.
John Browne; an etching. P.R. \2mo.
Browne, in 1656, published a " Description and Use ofthe. Car
penter's Rule," &c. to which is prefixed his print.

78 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
A SCHOOLMASTER.
PETER VOWEL ; from a drawing in the King's
" Clarendon ;" 4to. R. Cooper sc.
Peter Vowel was master of the free-school at Islington, and be
ing known to entertain great hopes of the restoration of Charles II.
was charged by a blind clergyman, whom he had relieved and fed
at his table, with uttering treasonable words. For such expressions,
which he disavowed, he was brought to trial (Lisle sitting as
president), found guilty, and executed at Charing-cross. Colonel
Gerard and Mr. Vowel were the two first that suffered for treason
against the government of Cromwell.

CLASS XI.
LADIES, AND OTHERS OF THE
FEMALE SEX.
RACHAEL MIDDLESEXItE comitissa. Vandyck
p. Lombart sc. Flowers on a table before her; h. sh.
Rachel, daughter of Francis Fane, the first earl of Westmoreland.
She was first married to Henry Bourchier, earl of Bath ; secondly, to
Lionel Cranfield, the third earl of Middlesex, who succeeded his
brother James in 1651. Lionel died without issue by her, Oct. 26,
1674. I have seen her picture at Basilden, in Berkshire, among
the ancestors of the late Lord Viscount Fane. She is said to have
left a very large sum to build a private chapel ; but the money was
never applied to the use for which it was intended. Lord Fane
used to speak of her as a very good woman. Her portrait was painted
by Vandyck, in the reign of Charles I. The print should have
been inscribed, " Lady Rachel Fane, or Rachel Countess of Bath."
Anachronisms of this kind are too common upon portraits.
PENELOPE, countess of WILTON ; a jewel at
her breast. Hollar f. \2mo.

OF ENGLAND. 79
Penelope, domina Herbert. Vandyck p. W.Sher-
win sculpsit ; rare.
Penelope, domina Herbert. Vandyck p. Lom
bart sc.
Penelope, daughter and heir of Sir Robert Naunton, secretary of
state to James I. and author of the " Fragmenta Regalia." She
was first married to Paul, viscount Banning, and afterward to Philip,
lord Herbert ; who, upon the death of Earl Philip his father, in
1652, became earl of Pembroke. This is unquestionably the lady
here meant. There was not a countess of Wiltshire for some
centuries, till Edward VI. created an ancestor of the Duke of Bol
ton, earl of Wiltshire.
The LADY FALCONBERG. G. King sc. a
medal. In Peck's "Life of Cromwell." We are told
by Dr. Swift, in vol. iv. p. 94, of his " Letters," that
she was extremely like the pictures he had seen of
her father.
Mary, countess of Falcon berg, third daughter of
Oliver Cromwell ; drawn and engraved by W. Bond,
from a three quarter portrait in the possession of Oliver
Cromwell, esq. 8vo.
Mary, third daughter of Oliver Cromwell, a lady of great beauty,
but of greater spirit, was second wife of Thomas, lord viscount Fal-
conberg.* Bishop Burnet, who styles her a wise and worthy woman,
says, that " she was more likely to have maintained the post (of

* Doctor Hewitt is also said to have married the Protector's younger daughter,
and probably both of them with the entire approbation of their father, who might
be fearful, if any revolution should take place, and his family suffer a reverse of
fortune, the husbands of his daughters might wish as much for a separation, as they
then courted the honour of their alliance. Perhaps Oliver was of the same opinion as
Marshall, an independent minister, who gave for the reason of his marrying his
daughter with the ring and Common Prayer Book, that the " statute for establishing
the Liturgy was not yet repealed, and he was loath to have his daughter whored and
turned back upon him for want of a legal marriage."

80 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
protector) than either of her brothers ; according, to a saying that
went of her, ' That those who wore breeches deserved petticoats,
better ; but if those in petticoats had been in breeches, they would
have held faster.' "* After Richard was deposed, who, as she well
knew, was never formed for regal power, she exerted herself in
behalf of Charles II. and is said to have had a great and successful
hand in his restoration. It is very certain that her husband was
sent to the Tower by the committee of safety, a little before that
great event,, and that he stood very high in the king's favour, t
Ob. March 14, 1712.
ELIZABETH CROMWELL, mother of Oliver
lord-protector, 8vo. in Noble's "Memoirs of the Crom
well Family."
Elizabeth Cromwell, mother of the lord-pro
tector ; mezz.
Elizabeth, the wife of Oliver Cromwell ; dratvn
and engraved by W. Bond, from a half length portrait,
in the possession of Oliver Cromwell, esq. 8vo.
This lady, was daughter of Sir Richard Steward; Stewart^
or Stuart, of Ely, knt. descended, though very remotely, from
the royal house of Scotland. — Both Mr. Cromwell, and his wife

* Burnet's " Hist, of his own Time,'' p. 83.
t I am very credibly informed, that Lady Falconberg frequented the established
church. When she was in town, she went to St. Anne's, Soho ; when in the
country, to Chiswick. She was a very genteel woman, but pale and sickly. She
was known to be very charitable. From the information of a person who knew her
in the decline of life. See a remarkable passage concerning her in Dr. Z. Grey's
" Review of Neale's History of the Puritans," p. 36.
Since this note was printed, 1 had the honour to be informed by the Earl of
Ilchester, who remembers her well, and to whom she was godmother, that she must
have been far gone in the decline of life when she was pale and sickly, as she was
not naturally of such a complexion. The following anecdote of her is at p. 39, of
the " Vindiciae Anti-Baxterianae." " It is a well-known story of a great man that
would, before King Charles, put a jest upon Oliver's daughter, the Lady Falcon-
berg: — Madam, I saw your father yesterday.- — What then, sir ?— He stank most abomi
nably. — I suppose he was dead then ; was he not? — Yes. — I thought so ; or else, I be
lieve, he would have made you. stink worse. At which the king laughed heartily.

OF ENGLAND. 81
were persons of great worth, and no way inclined to disaffection,
either in the civil or religious principles, but remarkable for living
upon a small fortune with decency, and maintaining a large family
by their frugal, circumspection.
To ease the" expenses incident to a numerous progeny, Mr.
Cromwell carried on a large brewing business, but it was by ser
vants, whose accounts were entirely inspected by Mrs. Cromwell
herself. She was a careful prudent mother, and brought up her
family, after her husband's decease, in a very handsome, but frugal
manner, chiefly from the profits arising from the brewhouse, which
she continued to carry on upon her own account, and by that means
gave each of her daughters a fortune sufficient to marry them to
persons of genteel families.
Her greatest fondness was lavished away upon her only son^
whom she ever partially loved ; and to her he was every way de
serving of it, behaving always in the most filial and tender manner
to her, and upon his exalting himself to sovereign greatness, he
gave her apartments in the palace at Whitehall, where she con
tinued till her death, which happened Nov. 18, 1654.
As it was with great reluctance she partook of the pageantry of
sovereignty, so she continued undazzled with its splendour; and the1
regard she had for Oliver, rendered her constantly wretched, from
the apprehension she had of his danger : she was discontented if
she did not see him twice a day ; and never heard the report of a
gun, but she exclaimed, " My son is shot."
Though so averse to Oliver's protectorate, she seldom troubled
him with advice ; when she did, he always heard her with great
attention ; but acted as he judged proper : and with respect to her
funeral, entirely opposite to it; she requesting, when dying, to have
a private one, and that her body might not be deposited in West
minster Abbey. Instead of fulfilling this request, the Protector
conveyed her remains with great solemnity, and attended with
many hundred torches, though it was day-light, and interred them
in the dormitory of our English monarchs, in a manner suitable
to those of the mother of a personage of his then rank. At the
restoration, her body was thrown (with others) into a hole, before
the lodgings belonging to one of the canons or prebendaries, in
St. Margaret's churchyard.

vol. iv.

to

82 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MRS. ELIZABETH CLEYPOLE ; from an ori
ginal miniature by Hoskins; in the collection of Thomas
Coutts, esq. R. Cooper sc. 4to.
Mrs. Elizabeth Cleypole; in Simon's "Medals."
G. Vertue sc. 4to.
Mrs. Elizabeth Cleypole. W. Richardson; 8vo.
Elizabeth, the second and favourite daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
was christened July 2, 1629, at St. John's church, in Huntingdon;
and married John Cleypole, esq. eldest son of John Cleypole, esq.
of -Gray's Inn, whose congenial sentiments with Cromwell on poli
tical affairs paved the way to the match. Mrs. Cleypole had an
elevation of mind and dignity of deportment, blended with the affa
bility and mildness of the most humble, and was universally re
spected by all parties. She appears to have laboured under great
bodily complaints, which, joined to the loss of a favourite child,
hastened her dissolution. What is also generally allowed to have
accelerated it, was the death of Dr. Hewit, who was beheaded, for
endeavouring to bring in Charles the Second. The ineffectual
attempts she made on her father to save the life of this person is
accounted for, by the knowledge she had of his clerical capacity,
frequently having attended his congregation when he preached ;
and the remembrance of his fate caused her to have repeated
conferences with Oliver just before her death. In some of these,
she painted the guilt of his ambition in the most glowing colours,
which, says Lord Clarendon, exceedingly perplexed him ; and ob
serves, that he took much pains to prevent any of his attendants
hearing ; yet many expressions escaped her, which were heard by
those near, respecting cruelty and blood : and she was particular
in mentioning Dr. Hewit ; the near approach of her dissolution
giving her liberty to say what she formerly thought, yet durst not
at the time express. It is however certain, that either what she
said, or her death, affected him wonderfully, as he never after ap
peared cheerful, but settled into a confirmed melancholy to his
death. This amiable woman died at Hampton-court, amidst the prayers
of all for her recovery, and her loss was lamented by the whole
court, but particularly by her husband and father. No respect
whatever was omitted that could be paid to her memory. The

OF ENGLAND. 83
Protector ordered the body to be removed from the palace in
which she died to the painted chamber in Westminster, where it
lay in state some time ; and from thence conveyed, in the night of
August 10th, in great pomp, to the dormitory ofthe English kings,
where it was deposited in a vault made purposely to receive it.
The inscription on the coffin was,
Depositum
IBustrissimte Domina; D. Elizabethan,
nuper uxoris Honoratissimi Domini,
Domini Johannis Claypole
Magistri Equitis ;
necnon Filiat Secundm
Serenissimi Sf Celsissimi
Principis
Oliveri, Scotia; Sf Hibernia;
Sfc.
Protectoris ;
Obiit
apud Mdes Hamptonienses,
Sexto die Augusti,
anno atatis sua; Vicesimo Octavo,
Annoque Domini
1658.
In the year 1725, when alterations were making in Henry the
Seventh's chapel, previous to an installation of the knights of the
Bath, they discovered, near the steps of the founder's tomb, the
vault of this lady. Mr. Fidoe, clerk of the works, observing the
workmen extremely busy, and in confusion, went to them, when he
found they had forced the silver plate (with the above inscription)
from the coffin, and endeavouring to conceal it; Mr. Fidoe took it
from them, and delivered it to Dr. Pearce, the dean, who said, he
would not take any thing that had been deposited with the illus
trious dead, and ordered it to be carefully replaced.
It is asserted that she was a warm partisan for King Charles I.
as well as for Charles II. But it is a well known fact, that she
constantly used all her influence in behalf of any who fell into
misfortunes on account of their loyalty ; indeed, all that were in
distress partook of her pity, and very many of her bounty, which,
with her munificence, rendered the very large allowance the Pro
tector settled upon her inadequate.

84 BIOGRAPHICAL HFSTORY
LADY FRANCES RUSSELL, fourth and
youngest daughter of Oliver Cromwell ; drawn and
engraved by W- Bond, from a three-quarter portrait, in
the possession of Oliver Cromwell, esq. 8vo..
This lady is reported to have been much disappointed by heir
father, in his rejecting several honourable proffers made to him, to
solicit her in marriage, particularly from King Charles the Second,
during his exile • and the Duke of Enghien, only son ofthe Prince
of Conde; and at length permitted the addresses of an amiable
young gentleman, the Honourable Robert Rich, esq. grandson and
heir to Robert, earl of Warwick, and that without the knowledge
of her father.
This alliance met with innumerable difficulties ; one great reason
why Oliver objected to it was, his having engaged her in marriage
* Lord Broghill (afterward earl of Orrery), who might be properly called the
common friend of King Charles and the Protector, endeavoured to effect a recon
ciliation between them, by the former's marrying this lady, to which not only the
king, but also she herself, and her mother, gave their assent ; but as it was a deli
cate point to obtain Oliver's concurrence, it was not thought adviseable to be too
precipitate, but to let the report circulate abroad before it was mentioned to the
Protector : when it was judged proper to be broke out to him, Broghill went as
usual to the palace, and being introduced to his highness in his closet, he asked,
"Whence he came, and what news ¦ he had brought?" His lordship replied,
" From the, city, where I have heard strange news indeed !". " Ah ! what is it ?"
"Very strange news indeed 1" " What is it?" "Perhaps your highness will be
offended." " I will not," replied Oliver hastily, " be itwhat it will." Broghill then,
in a laughing way, said, " All the city news is, that you are going to restore the
king, and marry him to Lady Frances." Oliver smiling, said, " And what do the
fools think of it?" ',' They like it, and think it is the wisest thing you can do, if
you can accomplish it." Cromwell looking steadfast at BroghiJI, " Do you believe
so too 1" who, finding the proposal pleasing to him, went on, " I do really believe it
is the best thing you can do, to secure yourself." The Protector, walking about with
his hands behind him, in a musing posture, turned about to his lordship, " Wby do
you beljeve it ?" Upon which he endeavoured to convince Oliver of the expe
diency and necessity of the thing ; that nothing was more easy to bring about th$
restoration, and that he would have the king for his son-in-law, and, in all proba
bility, become grandfather to the heir of the crown. To this the Protector listened
with attention, and traversing the apartment twice or thrice, said, " The king will
never forgive me the death of his father." " Sir," replied his lordship, " you were
one of many who were concerned in it, but you will be alone in thp merit of restoring
him; employ somcbpdy to sound him uppn it, and see how he will take it; I'll do
it, if you think fit." " No, he will never forgive me his father's, death ;" besides,'
he is so damnably debauched, he cannot be trusted." His lordship was fearful of
proceeding farther, and so the discourse took another turn.

OF ENGLAND- 83
to William Dutton, esq. who was bequeathed to Lady Frances by
his uncle, John Dutton, of Sherborne, in Gloucestershire, esq. one
ofthe richest men in the kingdom; who, by his will, dated Jan. 14,
1655, and proved June 30, 1657, left this bequest; " I humbly
request and desire, that his highness, the lord-protector, will be
pleased to take upon him the guardianship and disposing of my
nephew William Dutton, and of that estate I, by deed of settle
ment, hath left him ; and that his highness will be pleased, in
order to my former desires, and according the discourse that hath
passed betwixt us thereupon, that when he shall come to ripeness
of age, a marriage may be had and solemnized betwixt my said
nephew, William Dutton, and the Lady Frances Cromwell, his
highness's youngest daughter, which I much desire, and (if it take
effect) shall account it as a blessing from God."
Lady Frances and Mr. Rich, notwithstanding this and other im
pediments, overcame all obstacles, but not without great trouble,
and were married Nov. 11, 1657, their nuptials being solemnized
with great pomp and splendour. — The lady's happiness, which
seemed so much to depend upon the gaining this husband, was but
short lived, for he was cut off soon after, dying Feb. 16, having
been married only two months ; unfortunately she had no issue by
Mr. Rich. Had he lived some time longer she would have been a
countess ; and had she had a son by him, the child would have
inherited the title of Earl of Warwick.
She did not long remain a widow; her relation, Sir John Russell,
bart. solicited and obtained her hand : by him she had a numerous
family. The late baronet, Sir John Russell, was descended from
this marriage. She had also the misfortune to bury this gen
tleman, not many years after their marriage ; after which she had a
posthumous son. She remained his widow till her death, which
was the long space of fifty-one years. Unhappily for her,, she saw
%he fine estate of the Russells ruined in supporting the laws and
liberties of the kingdom, and by an attachment to the person of a
monarch, who made but poor returns for so generous an assistance.
The ample jointures she enjoyed were sufficient to have enriched
her family, had they been managed with discretion, which it is
probable they were not : frugality was seldom, or ever, adopted
by any of her family, and, it may be presumed, was unknown to her.
She died Jan. 27, 1.720-1, at the very advanced age of eighty-
four, after surviving all her brothers and sisters. After Oliver
was declared protector, his daughters resided chiefly in apartments

86 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of one of the palaces ; and such attention was paid to them bf
foreign princes and states, that their ambassadors constantly paid
their compliments to these ladies, both when they came into, or
left the kingdom.
DOROTHY, wife of Richard Cromwell, lord-pro
tector ; an etching ; 4to. Thane exc.
Dorothy, wife, of Richard Cromwell, was eldest daughter and
coheiress of Richard Major, of Southampton, in the county of
Hants, esq. Very little is known of her, considering that she was;
at one time, the second person in the kingdom. There is every
reason to suppose that she was scarce (if ever) at court during
Oliver's protectorate, and never during that of her husband.
Among all the illiberal things that were levelled against the pro
tectorate house of Cromwell, her character is almost the only one
that scandal has left untouched. She was married at Hursley,
May 1, 1649, and died Jan. 5, 1675, in the forty-ninth year of her
age, and was buried in the chancel of Hursley church, leaving be
hind her the character of a prudent, godly, practical Christian.
By her husband (whom it is thought she never saw after he retired
to the continent in 1660) she had nine children, six of whom died
in their infancy.
Oliver Cromwell, her second son and heir, born at Hursley,
July 11, 1656, upon his mother's death, succeeded, by the set
tlement made upon her marriage, tb the manor of Merdon, at
which time he was not of age by about three years. He was very
active at the revolution, and would have raised a regiment of horse
for the service of Ireland, if he might have been permitted to name
his captains ; but the cautious William, from his name, his post,
and the advantages he had asked for, declined accepting the offer,
as judging it imprudent to make the son of one, and grandson of
another, who had sat upon his thrones, too popular at such a
juncture. In the reign of that king, he found it necessary, on some ac-.
count or other, to present a petition to parliament ; and gave his
petition to a friend, a member, who took it to the House of Com
mons to present it. Just as this gentleman was entering the
house with the petition in his hand, Sir Edward Seymour, the
famous old Tory member, was also going in : on sight of Sir
Edward so near him, the gentleman found his fancy briskly soli-

OF ENGLAND. 87
cited by certain ideas of fun, to make the surly, sour, old Seymour,
carry up a petition for Oliver Cromwell. " Sir Edward," says he,
stopping him on the instant, " will you do me a favour ? I this
moment recollect, that I must immediately attend a trial in West
minster Hall, which may keep me too late to give in this petition,
as I promised to do this morning ; 'tis mere matter of form ; will
you be so good as to carry it up for me V " Give it me," said Sir
Edward : the petition went directly into his pocket, and he into
the house. When a proper opportunity happened to produce it,
Seymour put himself upon his feet, and his spectacles, and began
to read, " The humble petition of — of— of— of the devil!" said
Seymour, " of Oliver Cromwell !'' The roar of laughter in the house,
at seeing him so fairly taken in, was too great for Sir Edward to
stand it ; so he flung down his petition, and ran out directly.
Oliver died May 11, 1705, and was buried with his family at
Hursley, the 13th of the same month ; and though he lived to be
sixty-one years of age, he never was married. He is said to have
possessed a great deal of the spirit of his grandfather, with some
thing of his look and genius.

LADY PENELOPE GAGE ; from an original
at Hengrave. R. Cooper sc. 4to. In Gage's " His
tory and Antiquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk."
Lady Penelope Darcy, third daughter of Thomas, earl of Rivers,
by Mary his countess, had from her mother, in 1643, a settlement
made on her and her heirs, of Hengrave and other property in Suf
folk. It is said that Sir George Trenchard, Sir John Gage, and Sir
William Hervey, each solicited her in marriage at the same time;
and that to keep peace between the rivals, she threatened the first
aggressor with her perpetual displeasure ; humorously telling
them, that if they would wait, she would have them all in their
turns — a promise which the lady actually performed. The person
first favoured by her was Sir George Trenchard, of Wolverton, in
Dorsetshire. This marriage was soon followed by the death of her
husband, without issue; and in the following year, Penelope mar
ried Sir John Gage, of Firle, in Sussex, whose descendants are
now owners of Hengrave.
Lady Penelope remained a widow till the year 1642, when she
married Sir William Hervey, of Ickworth, in Suffolk, who sat in

88 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
parliament for St. Edmund's Bury, in the third of King Charles the
First, and was sheriff of Suffolk in 1650. By a former wife, Susan,
daughter of Sir Robert Jermyn, of Rushbrook, he had several
children, of whom Sir Thomas Hervey, a younger son, was father
of John Hervey, first earl of Bristol. Mary, one of the daughters,
in 1648, became the wife of Lady Penelope's third son, Sir Edward
Gage. Upon this marriage, his mother gave them the manor of
Chevington, and other lands in Suffolk, and settled upon him, in
remainder, expectant on her decease, the manor of HengraVe, and
her other Suffolk property. Sir William Hervey died on the 30th
of September, 1660, and was buried at Ickworth. By his last
marriage there was not any issue. Lady Penelope survived him a'
few months only.

DOMINA PASTON, 1659. Faithorne sc. h. sh.
This print is companion to that of Sir Wm. Paston.
Lady Paston; oval, with arms. W.Richardson. ¦
This lady appears frpm the arms, which are a chevron betwixt
three owls, to be the second wife of Sir William Paston. His first
was Catharine, eldest daughter of Robert Bertie, earl of Lindsey,
who received his death's wound, valiantly fighting for Charles I.
at Edge-hill ; and grand-daughter of the gallant Peregrine, lord'
Willoughby, of Eresby. It is observable that this lady and her
husband were descended from two of the bravest men that we read
of in our English annals. See " Biographia Britannica," article
Bertie. See also Paston, Class VIII.
The LADY ELEANOR TEMPLE. G ay wood f
1658 ; \2mo. Four English verses. The plate is in the
possession of the Duke of Buckingham.
The Lady Eleanor Temple, &c. W. Richardson.
This is most probably the wife of Peter Temple, esq. of Leices
tershire, styled, on the print, Sir Peter Temple. His wife being1
called Lady Eleanor, doesnotprove her to have been of a noble family.
At this time, they had not established the distinction betwixt Eleanor
Lady *** and Lady Eleanor ***, which last title is now applied1

OF ENGLAND. 89
to the daughters of peers. , But it is at least doubtful whether her
husband was a knight; and if he was, dame, not lady, is the proper
prefix to the Christian name of a baronet's or knight's wife.

LADY KATHARINE HARRINGTON, wife to
Sir James Harrington, Mt. 36, 1654 ; octagon.
Faithorne sc. 4to.
There seems to be no doubt that this is the portrait of Katharine,
daughter of Sir Marmaduke Dorrel, of Buckinghamshire,* and wife
of Mr. Harrington, commonly called Sir James Harrington, the
well-known author of " The Commonwealth of Oceana,'' and the
translator of the first six books of the " iEneis :" but it is certain
that she was not married to him till after the restoration. + He
was then almost totally changed in body and mind : his constitu
tion was broken, and his intellects visibly impaired, by a tedious
imprisonment, by harsh treatment, and as some believe, from the
effects of poison. This lady was, in her younger years, not only
admired for her personal accomplishments, but greatly celebrated
for her wit. Mr. Harrington made his addresses to her when she
was in the pride of youth and beauty, and surrounded with ad
mirers. He was then undistinguished from the crowd; but she
afterward, from motives of interest, became his wife. As he did
not meet with the returns of affection from her that he expected, an
open rupture ensued soon after their marriage : but they were soon
reconciled, and he treated her with great civility to the end of his
life.
MRS. JANE LANE; in Lord Clarendon's " His
tory;" 8vo.
Mrs. Lane ; on horseback, with Charles II. in
Clarendon's " History."
Mrs. Jane Lane; oval, in a square; in Charles's
"Preservation after the Battle of Worcester." J. Scott.
* Several of the. Dorrel family lie buried in the church of WestWycomb, Bucks.
t See " Biographia," IV. p. 2538.
VOL. IV. N

90 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mrs. Jane Lane. R. Cooper sc.
Mrs. Lane. Stow sc From an original picture in
the collection of Sir Hugh Smith.
The following is said to have been done for Mrs.
Lane; an anonymous portrait after Moysner, by W.
Hollar, 1645.
Mrs. Jane Lane. R. Cooper sc.
Mrs. Lane was a woman of uncommon sense and spirit, and
famous for assisting Charles II. in his escape, after the fatal battle
of Worcester. The royal fugitive, disguised in her father's livery,
rode before her on horseback, from Bentley Hall, in Staffordshire,*
to Mr. Norton's, near Bristol. This adventure was conducted with
such singular address, that the king passed unnoticed through that
long journey. Her services were amply rewarded at the restoration.
She was afterward married to Sir Clement Fisher, baronet, of
Packington Hall, in Warwickshire. •{•
MRS. SUSANNAH PERWICH; in an oval; 8vo.
P. Rogerson del. T. Cross sc. Eight English verses.
Susannah Perwich, &c. W. Richardson.
Susannah, daughter of Robert Perwich, whose wife was mistress
of a very noted boarding-school, at Hackney, was the admiration
of all that knew her, for her accomplishments of body and mind.

* Bentley Hall was the scat of Mr. Lane, and about twelve miles from Boscobel
Wood, where the king was concealed in an oak. Col. John Lane, brother to Mrs.
Jane, was aiding in liis escape.
t " Life of Major Bernardi," by himself, p. 5,' and 6. That author informs us,
that after the king arrived at the late Sir George Norton's house, near Bristol, he
went into tbe kitchen, by the advice of his supposed mistress, the better to conceal
himself; and that, as he was " standing by the fire-side, near the jack, the cook-
maid desired him to wind it up ; and he fumbling until the spit stood still, the maid
struck him, and calling him a black blockhead, asked where the devil he had lived,
that he had not learnt to wind up a jack? The king modestly answered her with
a blush, that he was a poor .tradesman's son, and had not been long in his lady's
nervice." — Bernardi's " Life," p. 6 and 7.

OF ENGLAND. 91
She had not only that quickness of apprehension, and readiness of
elocution which is natural to her own sex, but a solidity of judgment
rarely seen in men. Such was the pregnancy of her parts, that of
eight hundred ladies educated in her mother's school, there was not
one that ever attained to half her excellence in music, dancing, and
those other useful and ornamental qualifications in which ladies
are usually educated. Music was so peculiarly adapted to her
genius, that she excelled on several instruments ; and was, at
about fourteen, well qualified to play any thing on the treble viol
in concert, at first sight. Lawes, Simpson, Jenkins, and other
celebrated masters of music, listened to her with admiration, when
she sung or played their compositions, or her own. Her name was
so well known abroad, that she was frequently visited by foreigners
of eminence. But of all her excellences, as the author of her
" Life" assures us, her piety was the greatest ; and her highest
qualification was to die the death, as she had lived the life, of a
Christian. Ob. 3 July, 1661, Mt. 25. See her " Life," by John
Batchiler, both in prose and verse, with various anagrams and
acrostics on her name, 12mo. 1661 ; before which is her portrait.

DORCAS BRABAZON. Georgii Lane, eq. au.
dilcct. conjux. 1662. In Simon's " Medals," plate 22.
Lady Lane, daughter of Sir Anthony Brabazon, of Tallaghstown,
in the county of Louth, knt. married 1644, to Sir George Lane,
principal secretary of state, and privy-counsellor to King Charles II.
in Ireland. Ob. 1671.

MADAMA KILLEGRE, (perhaps) Killegrew.
Hollar f 1652; half length.

Madam Killegrew. Gaywood sc.

3JF TP W * 3)P tP

An anonymous portrait of a woman: her hair is
dressed in many formal curls, which nearly resemble
bottle-screws. This is the only similar idea that occu,rs
to me at present ; and I shall look no farther, as it is

92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
sufficient to express my meaning. The folloiving lines
are under the head :
" Lo here a beauty in her morn, who shakes
Day from her hair ;.and whose perfection makes
The sun amazed, a heaten on earth to view :*
So much can birth and education do."
I have the first leaf only of the dedication belonging to the
book to which this very ugly print of a great beauty was prefixed.
This is the address :
" To the true mirror of her sex, the truly honourable Mrs. Ellinor
Pargiter ; and to the most accomplished, with all real perfections,
Mrs. Eliz. Washington, her only daughter, and heiress to the truly
honourable Laurence Washington, Esquire, lately deceased." It is
probable, that this beauty, who dazzled the sun out of countenance,
" Vultus nimium fulgidus aspici," soon changed her name ; and
especially as she was heiress to a man of fortune. f It is to be re
gretted that a lady of so many accomplishments should be so little
known, and that the engraver has given us so vile an idea of the
splendour of her beauty.
JANE, LADY C^SAR, daughter of Sir Edward
Barkham, knt. lord mayor of London in 1622, and
wife of Sir Charles Caesar, knt. master of the Rolls,
married 1626, died June 16, 1661, aged 60; buried
at Bennington, in Herts. R. Wilkinson exc. 4to.
This lady, the daughter of Sir Edward Barkham, knight, and
alderman of London, who had served the office of mayor in 1622,
was the second wife of Sir Charles Caesar, master of the Rolls, by
whom she had issue, Julius, the short-lived heir, rather to his
father's contagious disease than to his estates, who died of the
small-pox, five days after Sir Charles, on the 11th of December,
1642; Henry, who succeeded his father in the paternal estate;
* I was about to censure this passage, till I recollected an observation of Mr.
BickerstalF, " That a metaphor cannot be carried too far, when it is applied to a
lady's charms." See Ihe " Tatler," No. 34.
t We learn from Collins's " Peerage," that the first Earl Ferrers married Eliza
beth, daughter and heir of Laurence Washington, esq. of Caresden, in Wiltshire, :

QF ENGLAND. 93
Charles, and Edward, who died infants, the former in 1634, the
latter in 1639; a second Charles, who lived to the age of matu
rity ; a daughter, Jane, who also fell a victim on the 3d of Novem
ber, 1642, at the age of two years, to the small-pox, about a
month before her father became infected.
Sir Charles's relict died in the house of her son, Charles Ceesar,
at Much Hadam, in Herts, June 16, 1661. She had passed most of
the years of her widowhood at Linwood, in Lincolnshire, on an
estate which probably was settled on her at her marriage, and
which, with other property in that county, seems to have composed
her marriage portion. She had also made purchases in Lincolnshire ;
for, by her will, dated April 15th, 1657, and proved Nov. 16th,
1661 ; she bequeaths to her " youngest son, Charles, the lands '
which she had bought of William Hastings, of Ashfordby, in the
parish of Billesby ; and of Thomas Wright, of East Raysin ; and of
Jeremiah Walker, of Appley ; all in that county ;'' with a charge
that he should sell them, if required, to her eldest son, Sir Henry,
at the price which she had paid for them. To Charles also, who
seems to have been her favourite son, she gives 1000/. and the
great jewel, which was left to her by her mother, the Lady Bark
ham ; and to Sir Henry, only 100/. for mourning, because of
former gifts, such as the use of 1000/. for nine years; also 400/. &c."
Her husband, his first lady, herself, and all her children, with the
exception of Charles, are buried at Bennington. On the tomb of
this lady is inscribed, " Here lyeth the body of the most vertuous,
charitable, and truly religious lady, Dame Jane Caesar, daughter to
Sir Edward Barkham, knt. lord mayor of London ; late wife of
Sir Charles Caesar, knt. master of the Rolls, by whom she had'
nine children, two only surviving her, viz. Sir Henry Caesar, knt.
lord of this manor, and Charles Caesar, of Much Hadham, esq.
She lived wife to Sir Charles Caesar fifteen years, and remained
his widow eighteen. She died in the 60th year of her age, at
Much Hadham, in this county, much honoured and lamented,
June 16, and was here interred, June 27, 1661, in hopes of a
blessed resurrection."

94 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS XII.
PERSONS REMARKABLE FROM A SINGLE
CIRCUMSTANCE IN THEIR LIVES, &c.
RICHARD PENDERILL, a farmer, who helped
to preserve Charles II. after the fatal battle of Wor
cester. See the reign of Charles, in which his
portrait was painted.
WILLIAM PENDERILL, brother to the former.
His portrait, which represents him in the eighty-
fourth year of his age, was probably drawn in the
reign of William III.
JAMES NAYLOR, born at Ardesloe (Ardesley)
near Wakefield, in Yorkshire, "was an Independent,
and served quarter-master in the parliament army,
about the year 1641; turned Quaker in 1641,
(1651-2); was punished for blasphemy, 1656; au
thor of many books. He died at Holm, in Hunting
donshire, 1600, aged 44." T. Preston f.
James Naylor; in a large hat. F . Place ; scarce.
James Naylor; in a large hat. R. Grave sc.
James Naylor; a large B. in his forehead; a
small print. In Pagit's " Heresiography."
I take this to be the only genuine likeness of him.
This enthusiastic visionary, who was converted to Quakerism by
George Fox, was some time an admired preacher among the people

OF ENGLAND. 95
of that religion. As his features bore a near resemblance to the
common pictures of Christ, it struck his imagination that he was
transformed into Christ himself. He presently assumed the charac*
ter of the Messiah, and was acknowledged as such by his deluded
followers. He affected to heal the sick, and raise the dead; and
entered triumphantly into Bristol, attended by many of this sect,
who strewed his way with leaves and branches of trees, crying,
" Hosanna, blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord."*
He Was pilloried, burnt through the tongue, and branded with a B
in his forehead, for blasphemy, and was moreover sentenced to be
whipped, and confined to hard labour. The discipline of a prison
soon restored him to his senses.+ One of his books is entitled,
" Milk for Babes, &c. written in the Time ofthe Confinement of his
outward Man in prison." Lond. 1661 ; 4to.
" The Portraiture of MARTHA HATFIELD."
She is represented lying in a bed, in one of the trances of
which the book that it belongs to gives an account. The
print is prefixed to " The wise Virgin, or a wonderful
Narration of the various Dispensations of God towards
a Child of eleven Years of Age; wherein, as his Seve
rity hath appeared in afflicting, so also his Goodness,
both in enabling her (when stricken dumb, deaf, and
blind, through the Prevalency of the Disease) at several
Times to utter many glorious Truths concerning Christ,
Faith, and other Subjects ; and , also in recovering her,
without the use of any external Means, lest the Glory
should be given to any other ; to the Wonderment of
many that came far and near to see and hear her, with
some Observations in the fourth Year since her Reco
very." By James Fisher, a Servant of Christ, and late
Minister of the Gospel, in Sheffield; the 5th edition,
1664. The epistle dedicatory, by the author, is dated
the 20th Jan. 1652.

* Coke's " Detection," &c. p. 59, 60.
t See his Recantation in Lord Somcr's " Tracts,'' II. 272.

96 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Martha Hatfield; copied from the above, in Caul-
field's " Remarkable Persons."
This title so fully expresses the contents of the book, that nothing
more need be added, but only that she was the daughter of Anthony
and Faith Hatfield, of Leighton, in the West Riding of Yorkshire,
and was twelve years old, the 27th of September, 1652; that she
was seized with the disorder which the author calls the spleen wind,
on the 6th of April, the same year, and suffered repeated convul-'
sions, and was rapt into several trances, till the 9th of December
following, when she was restored to her senses. She continued in
this state when the book was first published with an imprimatur,
signed "Joseph Caryl, 18 April, 1653." The licenser says, that
" the truth ofthe particulars related in the Narrative will be avouched
by many persons of worth," and concludes thus : "We hope, reader,
those that are engaged in this work dare not commit such an im
piety as to gull the world with a forgery." This seems to intimate
that Caryl himself suspected the truth of the relation, which will
naturally remind the reader ofthe story of Elizabeth Barton, the pre
tended holy maid of Kent. This pious fraud was so artfully ma
naged as to deceive even Sir Thomas More, who cannot be supposed
accessary to any kind of imposture,
ROGER CRAB; a wood-cut; whole length ; four
English verses. Before his Life, to which is prefixed
this title: " The English Hermit, or the Wonder of this
Age; being a Relation of the Life of Roger Crab,
living near Uxbridge,* taken from his own Mouth,
shewing his strange, reserved, and unparalleled Kind of
Life, who counteth it a Sin against his Body and Soul, to
eat any Sort of Flesh, Fish, or living Creature, or to
drink any Wine, Ale, or Beer. He can live with three
farthings a week. His constant Food is Roots and
Herbs; as Cabbage, Turnips, Carrots, Dock-Leaves,
and Grass; also Bread and Bran, .without Butter or
Cheese. His clothing Sackcloth. He left the Army,
* At Ickcnliam.

OF ENGLAND. 97
and kept a Shop at Chesham, and hath now left off that,
and sold a considerable Estate to give to the Poor ;
shewing his Reasons from the Scripture: Mar. x. 21.
Jer. xxxv. — Wherefore, if Meat make my Brother to
offend, I will eat no flesh, while the World standeth, &;c.
1 Cor. viii. 13."
Roger Crab; in Caulfield's "Remarkable Per
sons!' Roger Crab. W. Richardson.
Dr. Cheyne, who was an advocate for the Lessian diet, and men
tions the longevity of some of the ancient asceticsof the desert,
who lived on that kind of food, probably never heard of this strange
humorist ; or if he did, he passed him over in silence, as a mad
man, who seems to have destroyed himself, by eating bran, grass,
dock-leaves, and such other trash as was comprehended within his
pious plan of living for three farthings a week. If Crab had resided
in France or Italy, he would indubitably have retired into the mo
nastery of La Trappe. He died the 11th of September, 1680, in
the 60th year of his age, and was buried at St. Dunstan's, Stepney;
where there was a tomb, with an epitaph to his me'mory. See Ly-
sons's " Stepney."
MARRIOT, the great eater ; h. sh. several Eng
lish verses.
Marriot ; at the shambles ; \2mo.
Marriot; with wooden shoes, S$c. W. Richardson. .
Marriot, the great eater; in Caulfield's "Re
markable Persons."
Marriot was a lawyer of Gray's Inn, who piqued himself upon
the brutal qualifications of a voracious appetite, and a powerful
digestive faculty; and deserves to be placed no higher in the scale
of beings than a cormorant or an ostrich. He increased his natural
capacity for food by art and application ; and had as much vanity
vol. iv. o

98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
in eating to excess, as any monk ever had in starving himself.
See two copies of verses upon him among the works of Charles
Cotton, esq.
BARBARA URSELIN, kc. Isaac Brunn delin.
et sc. 1653. She is represented playing on the harp
sichord: underneath is a Dutch inscription. I never saw
but one proof of this print, which is in the collection of
ihe Earl of Bute* Copied by W. Richardson.
The lively portraiture of Barbara, wife to Michael
VANBECK, born at Augsburg, in High Germany ;
the daughter of Balthasar and Anne Ursler;\ aged 29,
A". Dom. 1658. R. Gaywoodf. Lond. The following
note was written under one of these prints which is, or
was lately, in the possession of Mr. Frederick, bookseller
in Bath :%
" This woman I saw in Ratcliffe Highway, in the
year 1668, and was satisfied she was a woman." — John
Bulfinch. The face and hands of this woman are represented hairy all over.
Her aspect resembles that of a monkey. She has a very long and
large spreading beard, the hair of which hangs loose and flowing
like the hair of the head. She is playing on an organ. Vanbeck
married this frightful creature, on purpose to carry her about for a
show.
HANNAH TRAPNEL ; in the dress of a Quaker,
listening to the inspiration of an evil spirit. Gaywood
fecit ; 4to. very scarce.
* The Catalogue, of Heads, in this second edition (1775), has been enlarged
from the grand collection of prints in the possession of the Earl of Bute, In which
is a great number of English portraits, and many of them very rare. Lord Mount-
stuart was pleased, in the most obliging manner, to point out to me some Consi
derable additions to the biographical part of this work.
t Urslerin.
$ I have heard that it was purchased by Mr. Bui) about 1775.

OF ENGLAND. 99
Hannah Trapnel, a Quaker and pretended pro
phetess. J. Berry sc. 4to. Copied from the above.
This woman, who was a follower of James Naylor, took up her
residence for some time in the neighbourhood of Whitehall, where
she fell into several trances, in which she uttered strong expres
sions, as revelation against the person and government of Oliver
Cromwell. For these she was sent to Bridewell, as an impostor
and vagabond. She afterward inclined to the fanatical party, and
went on pilgrimage to visit Carew the regicide, who was confined
by Cromwell's order in Pendennis Castle. Sewel in his History of
the Quakers, notices " a certain woman that came into the parlia
ment house with a pitcher in her hand, which she breaking before
them, said, So should they be broken to pieces : which came to
pass not long after." This could be no other than Hannah Trap
nel. See Sewel's " History of the Quakers," p. 185.
JAMES HIND ; oval; cut in wood ; prefixed to his
" Confession." James Hind; oval; from the above. W.Richardson
James Hind; on horseback, in armour; (portrait
of Charles II.)
James Hind declares in his confession, May 2, 1649, " I de
parted England and went to the Hague ; but after three days
departed for Ireland, and landed at Galloway, and was corporal to
the Marquis of Ormond's life-guards ; was wounded at Youghall,
in the right arm and hand ; made an escape to Duncannon, thence
to Scilly, and the Isle of Man ; went to Scotland, sent a letter to
his majesty, and represented my services, &c. which was favour
ably accepted ; for no sooner had the king notice of my coming,
but immediately I had admittance and kissed his hand, and com
mended me to the Duke of Buckingham, then present ; came to
England, was in the engagement of Warrington and Worcester,
where I kept the field till the king fled ; and in the evening, the
gates being full of flying persons, I leaped over the wall by mysell
only, travelled the country, and lay three days under bushes and
hedges, because of the soldiery, till I came to Sir John Packing1-

100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ton's woods, where I lay five days ; and afterward came on foot to
London, by the name of James Brown; lodged five weeks in Lon
don, and was taken November 9th, 1651, at Dowry's the barber,
near Dunstan's church, in Fleet-street. This is all that was de
clared by him, who remains captived in close prison in the gaol of
Newgate.— James Hind.
ABRAHAMUS WOOFE, Mt. 60 ; emblems; battle
at bottom.
Among the curious pamphlets in the British Museum, is one
entitled, " The Tyranny of the Dutch against the English, wherein
is exactly declared the (almost invaluable) loss which the Com
monwealth of England hath sustained by their usurpation, and
likewise the sufferings and losses of Abraham Woofe, then factor at
Lantore, and others in the island of Banda ; never published before,
formerly collected in loose sheets by Mr. Woofe himself, and now
illustrated and extracted but of his papers by John Quarles.
London, printed by John Crowch and Thomas Wilson, and are to
be sold at Mr. Woofe's house over the Water Gate, in Cole Harbour,
1653 ; 8vo. 86 pages.
The title-page shews Woofe was in England; we gather this, also
from the following lines in the explanation of the frontispiece, in
which is Woofe's portrait.
" But Heav'n thought good, to make this truth appear
By Woofe ; then clouded there, now shining here."
i The frontispiece represents the cruelties of the Dutch, after the
< taking of Lantore. The dedication to Oliver Cromwell is signed
. " Abraham Woofe."
The following anonymous portraits belong to the
Interregnum, or the reign of Charles II.
A half length of a man, THOMAS MANLEY; pre
fixed to his "Paraphrase on Job;" hair, black capx sash,
and shoulder-knot ; four verses :
" The pencil can no more," &c.
T. Cross sc. 8vo.

OF ENGLAND. 101
Another portrait of a man in a loose robe, black cap,
short falling band; "Firma nobis Fides," in a label
over the arms. Faithorne sc.
A man in a cloak, holding a pen; with several verses:
" This picture represents a heavenly mind," &c.
T. Cross sc. \2mo.

REMARKS ON DRESS.

It appears by the broad seal of Charles II. in Sandford, dated
1653, that he wore long hair and whiskers. It also appears from
the prints of him, in Sir William Lower's account of his entertain
ment at the Hague, the same year, that he sometimes wore a large
cravat, and, at other times, a long falling band with tassels. His
ruffles were large, his doublet short, his boots were also short, with
large tops, his hair long, with a lock on the right side much longer
than the rest.
Mr. Benlowes, in his " Theophila," published in 1652, has given
us a print of a man of mode. In his hat, the brim of which is ex
tended horizontally, is a large feather : it inclines much to the right
side, as if it were falling off his head. His hair is very long, his
ruffles are double, his doublet reaches no lower than the waistband
of his breeches ; his sword is enormous, and suspended to a belt,
which comes over his right shoulder ; his breeches are large, with
puffs like small blown bladders, quite round the knees ; his boots
are very short, with fringed tops, which are near as ample in their
dimensions as the brim of his hat.* It appears from the same
author, that black patches were sometimes worn by the beaux at
the time of the Interregnum. f Short hair, short bands, long cloaks,
and long visages, frequently occur in the portraits of this period.
» See " Theophila," p. 210.
t Ibid. p. 194, Stanza viii. — At this period, a bill against the vice of painting,
wearing black patches, and immodest dress of women, was read in the House of
Commons. See the " Parliamentary History."
At the same time was published a pamphlet, entitled " The Loathsomeness of
long Hair, with an Appendix against Painting, Spots, naked Breasts," &c.
Patches, which derived their origin from the Indians, were called, in the dialect
of the vulgar, beauty spots ; but were, in reality, spots of deformity, and would have

102 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mr. Benlowes has also given us prints of two ladies, engraved
by Hollar ; one in a summer, the other in a winter dress. The
former is without a cap, has her hair combed like a wig, except
that which grows on the crown of the head, which is nicely braided,
and rounded in a knot. Her neck-handkerchief is surrounded with
a deep scalloped lace, and her cuffs are laced much in the same
manner. The sleeves of her gown have many slashes, through
which her linen is very conspicuous : her fan is of the modern make.
The latter is represented in a close black hood, and a black mask,*
whichjust conceals her nose. She wears a sable tippet, and holds
a large muff of the same kind, which entirely hides her arms.
The strings of the falling band hung down to the breast, with
tassels or other curious work, to which some would foppishly add
other ornaments, as the old epigram following shews :
" A reverend dean, with band starch'd and clean.
Was to preach before the king ;
In his band-strings was spy'd a ring there was ty'd,
Was not that a pretty thing 1
The ring .without doubt, was the thing put him out ;
That he could not tell what was next ;
For all that was there, did say and declare
He handled it more than the text."

been so esteemed had they been natural. Sir Kenelm Digby informs us, that the
¦following fact was well known to all the English court.
A lady, who was his relation, and who, as he says, was " niece of Fortescu, the
daughter of Count Arundel," made him a visit. She was then in all the pride of
her beauty, which she endeavoured to heighten with artificial embellishments, and
was particularly nice in her patches, to which Sir Kenelm had an aversion. He
brought several arguments to dissuade her from the use of these savage ornaments.
Among others, as she was with child, he said, " Have you no apprehension that
your child may be born with half-moons upon his face ; or rather, that all the black
which you bear up and down in small portions, may assemble in one, and appear in
the middle of his forehead ?" This remonstrance occasioned her leaving off the
practice of patching ; but his words made such an impression upon her imagination,
that the daughter of whom she was then pregnant, was born with a spot " as large
as a crown of gold," in the middle of her forehead. — Digby's " Discourse concern
ing the Powder of Sympathy," p. 101, edit. 1658.
* It is well known lhat the mask has concealed many immoralities, and that it
was long worn by women of intrigue, and prostitutes of the town. Dryden, in the
epilogue to his " Love Triumphant," mentions " Masks and Misses"t as persons of
much the same character. It was indeed frequently worn by women of the strictest
virtue ; and generally on the first night of a comedy, in the reign of Charles II.

The word Miss was formerly used for a woman of ill fame.

OF ENGLAND. 103
John Owen, dean of Christ Church, and vice-chancellor of Ox
ford, went in querpo, like a young scholar, with powdered hair ; his
band-strings with very large tassels, a large set of ribands at his
knees, with tags at the end of them ; Spanish leather boots with
large lawn tops, and his hat mostly cocked.
After the close-stool-pan sort of hat, came in the sugar-loaf or
high-crowned hat; these, though mightily affected by both sexes,
were so very incommodious, that every puff of wind blowing them
off, they required the almost constant employment of one, hand to
secure them.

104 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

APPENDIX

THE INTERREGNUM.

FOREIGNERS.

HENRICUS CAROLUS DE LA TREMOU-
ILLE, &c. nobilissimi Ordinis Garterii Eques ; in
armour. P. Philippe sc.
Charles de la Tremouille, styled " Prince de Tarente," was son
of Henry de la Tremouille, duke of Thovars. He was elected
knight companion of the Garter, together with Henry, duke of
Gloucester, in 1653, at Paris; was installed at Windsor, in April,
1661. He died in his father's lifetime, the 14>th of September,
1672. He was husband of the Princess of Tarente, so often mentioned
in the letters of Madam de Sevigne.
There is a print by Nantueil, after Champaigne, of
HENRY of ORLEANS, duke of Longueville and
Crequi. This was probably the same person that was sent ambassador to
Cromwell, together with Mancini, nephew to Cardinal Mazarine.
ERIC ROSENKRANTZ, Signeur de Rosenholm,
&c. A. F. f. a small bust in Hofman.
Eric Rosenkrantz, who visited England in the reign of Charles I.
from a motive of curiosity, was, in 1652, sent hither on an extra
ordinary embassy, in conjunction with PEDER REETZ, of whom
Hofman has also given us a print. Cromwell who considered

OF ENGLAND. 105
RoSenkrantz as a young minister without experience, asked him
whether there were many such forward geniuses among the Danes
who were qualified to manage the arduous affairs of state before
their beards were grown 1 Rosenkrantz, who had occasion for all
his temper and discretion not to say too much or too little upon
this attack, replied, with an admirable firmness, " Sir, my beard,
though it be young, is, however, older than your republic.'' The
Protector, from this smart reply, conceived a different opinion of
him, and treated him with much higher regard.* He died in
1681. Peder Reetz, lord of Tygestrup, died in 1674, having been
chancellor, privy-counsellor, and chief treasurer, to the King of
Denmark.
JACOBUS CATS, Browershavius, Ord. Holl.
Advocatus, Sigillorum Custos, &c, Ob. 12 Sept. 1660;
without the engravers name.
Jacobus Cats; in an oval; supported by many
Cupids; Mt. 77, 1655; folio.
This eminent person is memorable as a lawyer, a politician, and
a poet. He came first into England to consult Dr., Butler, in a
hectic case ; and, twice afterward, in quality of ambassador, in the
reign of Charles I. and in the protectorate of Cromwell, having
been here at the time of the engagement betwixt Blake and Tromp.
He soon after retired to Ghelsea, where his lodging, and that of
two others who were joined with him in the embassy, was sur
rounded by soldiers. This greatly alarmed them : but, as Crom
well told him upon his complaint, it was to prevent their being torn
to pieces by the mob, who were extremely exasperated against the
Dutch. He and his colleagues were hereupon secretly sent away
with great care and dispatch by command of the Protector.
MENASSEH BEN ISRAEL. Rembrandt f. 1636;
etched with uncommon nature and spirit, 4to. See the
" Catalogue of the Works of Rembrandt," No. 250.
Menasseh Ben Israel, Mt. 38,, 1642. Salom
Italia. * " Hofman,'' artic. Rpseskrantz, p. SO.
VOL. IV. P

106 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Menasseh Beri Israel, a learned' rabbi and physician, sind the
chief of the Jews who resided in the Low Countries, was an agent
in their behalf with the Protector for their settlement in England;
for which he is said, by several writers, to have offered him 200,000/.
but upon condition that St. Paul's cathedral should have been
appropriated to their use * This tempting proposal persuaded
Cromwell, at least he pretended to be persuaded, that the cause
of the Jews was the cause of God, and that their establishment
would be in order to their Conversion, as Christianity, in its purity;
was to be found in England, particularly among the Independents.
This met with the strongest opposition from the generality of the
people, especially the clergy; several of whom, contrary to the
instructions which they had received from Cromwell, exerted the
whole force of their argument? against the rabbi, in a set dispu
tation, and backed it with all the weight of their authority. Heath,
in his" Flagellum,"+ tells us, that Oliver " gulled the Jews of their
earnest-money." Mention is made of several of Ben Israel's works
in the Bodleian Catalogue. His- " Vindicite Judseorum," published
soon after his return to Holland, has been mentioned to his credit
by several writers, who, though no friend to the Jews,, were in
clined to do justice to his uncommon candour and abilities. The
completest account of his character and writings is in Wolfius's
" Bibliotheca Hebrsea."
CHRISTIAN RAVIUS, of Berlin, of whom there
is a print in 12mo. which corresponds with that of
Williams, or Willisum, was, at this time^ a professor
of Hebrew in London.

*Tovey,.in bis " Anglia Judaica," p. 259, says, ''As soon as King Charles was
murdered, the Jews petitioned the council of war to endeavour a repeal of that act
of parliament which had been made against them, promising, in return, to make
them a present of 500,000(. provided that they could likewise procure the .cathe
dral of St. Paul to be assigned them for a synagogue, and the Bodleian library at
Oxford to begin their traffic with; which piece of service, it seems, was undertaken,
by those honest men, at the solicitation of Hugh -Peters and Harry Marten, whom
the Jews employed as their 'brokers, but without any success.''!: See what Tovey
says of Menasseh Ben Israel, p. 280, &c.
t P. 167. t Monteth's "History of Great Britain," p. 473.

OF ENGLAND. 107
Christianus Ravius, Berlinus; in an oval; Mt. 32 ;
ships in the distance; \2mo. This was afterward altered
to Williams.
After he had spent about eight years in foreign universities, he,
in 1613, became a sojourner at Oxford. He was, for his oriental
learning, patronised by Archbishop Usher ; and was, by Grotius,
recommended and introduced to Cardinal Richelieu, who would have
sent him as his agent into the Eastern countries; but he declined
the proposal, alleging his attachment to the archbishop, who was
indeed a very generous patron. It is certain, that he was at Con
stantinople in 1639, and that he there became acquainted with the
learned Pococke. In 1648, having taken the covenant, he was, by
the powers in being, appointed fellow of Magdalen College, in
Oxford. Mr. Wood, whose account of him is chiefly taken from
the dedication of his " Discourse of the Oriental Tongues," ad
dressed to Primate Usher, has mentioned all his writings, of which
this " Discourse," is the most considerable. He is censured, in
" Dr. .Pococke's Life,"* as a man of little judgment and great in
discretion in his conduct. He died in Germany, in 1677. His
portrait is prefixed to his " Grammar of the Oriental Languages,"
8vo. 1649.

JOANNES RULITIUS, Kirchbergse natus 1602;
Mt. 50. Heidelbergam redux; Ministerio functus
Dorcestriae annos 5 ; Heidelbergae, 1 ; Amstelodami
in Ecclesia Anglica, 4; ibidem in Germanica, 13. C.
Dusart ad vivum del. J. Brower sc. four Latin verses ;
h. sh.D. Johannes Rulitius, &c. four Dutch verses ;
half sheet. H. de Mayer f.
< I have placed this person here according to the date of his age;
perhaps improperly. I know no more of him than what is inscribed
oh' his print. * P. 14, &c. 33, 'o2.

108 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
, AEONAPA02 $IAAPA2, YI02, IQANNOY, A9H-
NAI02. Claud Mellan del. et sc. h.sh. See a particu
lar description of this print in Florent Le Compte.
Leonard Philabas. Piccino, advivum, 1658.
Leonard Philaras, a native of Athens, was minister from the
Duke of Parma to the King of- France. He was a man of emi
nent learning, and one of Milton's foreign correspondents. In his
Twelfth Epistle, which is addressed to him, he mentions the re
ceipt of one of his letters, together with this head : " missam deinde
salutem cum effigie," &c. In his Fifteenth, which is particularly
curious, he gives him a circumstantial account of his blindness.
Philaras, who deplored his calamity, made him a visit in London,
and encouraged him not to despair of a cure. Milton was then
Latin secretary to the Protector.
"RIGEP DANDULO, a Turk by seven descents,
came into England with Abde Aga, agent from the
illustrious Hamet Basha, of Argier; and was here
baptized into the Christian faith, by Mr. Gunning,*
at Exeter chapel, in the Strand, Nov. 8, 1657." —
Cross sc. Before Dr. Warmstry's " Narrative of his
Conversion," 1658 ; \2mo.
Rigep Dandulo; in Caulfield's " Remarkable Per
sons."
Rigep Dandulo descended from the noble family of the Danduli
at Venice, was the only son of a silk-merchant in the isle of Tzio.
He came into England from a motive of curiosity, and was enter
tained in the house of Lady Laurence, at Chelsea, with whose son
he had been formerly acquainted at Smyrna. Dr. Warmstry, who
visited this lady, was strongly inclined to attempt his conversion ;
though Dandulo was ignorant of the languages with which the
doctor was acquainted. Lady Laurence and her family came
heartily into this pious design. Mr. Peter Gunning offered to,
* Afterward Bishop of Ely.

OF ENGLAND. 109
second Dr. Warmstry iri his arguments ; and Mr. Samois, chaplain
to the Earl of Elgin, and a good proficient in the Turkish language,
undertook the office of an interpreter. Dandulo at first appeared
extremely averse from changing _ his religion ; but his mind was
strangely wrought upon by a dream, which was more efficacious
than every other motive ; and he was soon after baptized at Exeter-
hpuse, in the presence of several persons of distinction. In the
" Narrative" is a long discourse of dreams of the providential kind,
and a detail of the arguments used for his conversion.*
CATHARINE LETHIEULLIER, born 8 Jan.
1587 ; married Jacob Desbouvrie, of Killeghorn, in
Holland, September 9, 1630. T. Luttichuysf. anno
1656 ; a half length, sitting in a chair.
Catharine Le Thieullier, or Lethieullier, as now written, was
daughter of John Le Thieullier, a gentleman of Flemish extraction^
who resided chiefly in Germany, by Jane Frappe, daughter of John
Frappe, of Tournay, who married, to her second husband, John de
Weez, of Frankfort, who deceased in 1604, in two years after their
marriage. In July, the following year, she came over to England,
with her son John Le Thieullier, and her daughter Catharine, who
was born on the 8th of January, 1587 ; married on the 9th of Sep
tember, 1630, to Mr. Jacob des Bouverie, minister of Killeghorn,
in Holland; and died in 1664, aged 77. She probably left no
issue, as she was in or about her 43d year when she married. She
lies buried, with her mother, in the church of St. Helen's-le-Grand.
She was great-great-aunt of Sir James Burrow, knight, master
of the crown-office, and fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian So
cieties ; and also of Smart Lethieullier, esq. who was also fellow of
the same societies; and of John Loveday, .esq. of Caveisham, in
Oxfordshire. The present family of Desbouverie are collaterally

* In Kennel's "Register and Chronicle," under July, 1660, is this passage:
" Upon reading the petition of Philip Dandulo, a convert Turk (his majesty being
present), it is ordered that it shall be recommended to the ministers of London, who
are desired, to collect the charity and benevolence of all well-disposed persons
within their several parishes." Kennet informs us, that another petition for his
farther relief was read and granted at the council-board, on the 8th of March, 1660-1.
t His father was martyred for his religion, at Valenciennes, in Hainault, under
the Duke of Alva's administration.

110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
related to this lady. Mr. Smart Lethieullier had a very good pic
ture of her, which is now in the possession of Edward Hulse, esq.
of Aldersbrook, in Essex, who married the only child of CbaTles
Lethieullier, brother to Smart, and sole heiress of both these gen
tlemen.* Vera Effigies DOMINI BLASII de Manffe, Ne-
tini, Siculi,^. 72, 1651; in an oval. W. Hollar fecit.
Blasii de Manfre; in Caulfield's "Remarkable
Persons." He is represented standing against a pillar, and again, at a dis
tance, upon a stage, spouting water in a large and violent stream
from his ear. Near him is a long double row of glasses ; above
him is the sun in full splendour, with this inscription, " Solus sicut
Sol ;" also Fame with two trumpets, and another inscription, " Fama
volat." Under the oval are sixteen Latin verses, which inform us
of his drinking water in large quantities, and discharging it from
his stomach converted into various sorts of wine, simple-waters,
beer, oil, and milk; and performing this before the emperor and
several kings. It is certain, that he was one ofthe most wonderful
jugglers that ever appeared in the world, and that he was, by the
generality of the people, and even by some persons of rank and
eminence/regarded as a magician. But those who are acquainted
with the effects of drugs, the tricks of legerdemain, and the won
derful faculties ofthe human frame, may account for it, strange as
it Js, without imputing it to supernatural powers. He was certainly
'in Germany, France, and several other countries of Europe, but
very prudently declined going to Spain, for fear of the Inquisition. f
The late Mr. James West asserted, that he lived long in England.
* This article was communicated by Sir James Burrow.
t It is certain, that, in my remembrance, a horse, which had been taught to tell
the spots upon cards, the hour of the day, &c. by significant tokens, was, together
with his owner, put into the Inquisition, as if they had both dealt with the devil ;
bdt the supposed human criminal soon convinced the inquisitors that he was an
honest juggler; and that his horse was as innocent as. any beast in Spain.

OF ENQLAND. HI

CHARLES II. WAS RESTORED ON HIS
BIRTH-DAY, MAY 29, 1660.

CLASS I.
THE ROYAL FAMILY.

CHARLES II. on horseback; crown on his head;
cavalcade underneath ; Overton ; sheet.
Charles II. on horseback, as in the coronation pro
cession. Gay wood f 1661; large sh. There is another
print of him, with the same procession, by Chantry.
The horse on which the king rode at his coronation, was bred
and presented to him by Thomas, lord Fairfax, the parliament
general.
Charles II. Mt. 30, 1660. W.F.invenit, J.Ch. sc.
in armour ; h. sh.
Carolus II.- Lely p. Lutterelf. 4to. mezz.
Carolus II. Lely p. Becket f. small; mezz.
Carolus II. Lely p. sold by Brown;* whole length;
sitting; large h. sh! mezz.
Charles II. Lelyj). Thomson exc. sitting; h. sh.
mezz. Charles II. Lely p. Blooteling f. 1680; h. sh.
mezz.
* Probably the engraver.

112 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Carolus II. Lely p. Vandrebanc sc. almost as large
as the life.
Charles II. Lely p. Vertue sc. 1736. From. a pic
ture in Bridewell Hall, London; h.sh. One ofthe set
of Kings.
Carolus II. &c Lely p. Faberf. 1750; whole
length; sh. mezz. From an original in the possession
ofthe Duke of Richmond.
Carolus II. Wissingp. Vandervaartf. h.sh. mezz.
Carolus II. Kneller p. R.White sc. 1679 ; sh.
Mr. Walpole observes, that Robert White took the first print he
ever engraved from the works of Kneller.
Carolus II. Kneller p. Becket f. coronation robes ;
whole length ; large h.sh. mezz.
Carolus Secundus. Kneller p. Smith f. h.sh.
Carolus Secundus. (Kneller p.) Smith f.4to. mezz.
Carolus Secundus. (Kneller p.*) J. Smith and
Roger Williams f. h. sh. mezz.
Carolus II. Kneller p. R. Williams f Sold by J.
Smith. The following inscription which teas very pro
bably written by Smith himself, is on the proof, which
was in the collection of Mr. Spencer, miniature-painter :
" Drawn, begun, and finished by J. Smith ; and
the head entirely by Smith." In the same hand is
"J. Smith f."

* Though the painter's name is not engraved on this print and the next above,
they are known to be done after Kneller.

OF ENGLAND. 113
Charles II. Kneller p. Skilman sc. large h.sh.
Charles II. Kneller p. Picart sc. direx. 1724; 4to.
Carolus II. J.Riley p. W. Faithorne (junior) f
h.sh. mezz.
The king's remark upon the original portrait was, " That if it was
like him, he was a very ugly fellow." But the painter, who was
an excellent artist, certainly did him justice.
Charles II. own hair, slit sleeves. Faithorne exc.
4to. Carolus II. arms of England, 8$c. at the four cor
ners of the print. Faithorne sc. large h. sh.
There is another, by the same hand, in octavo.
Charles II. in armour ; six English verses. Fai
thorne sc.
Carolus II. Hollar f half length; h.sh.
Carolus II. a head in a square. Hollar f. 8vo.
Carolus II. rex, &c Hollar f. 8vo.
Carolus II. standing ; emblematical figures. C.
Schut invenit. All but the face is done by Hollar, sh.
Charles II. in armour; half length; inscribed,
" Redivivo Phcenici Carolo," 8gc. Emblematical fi
gures, a phcenix,8$c. engraved by Hollar ; the portrait
is by another hand.
Charles II. on horseback. Diepenbeck invenit ;
Caukercken f. emblematical figures ; six French verses;
sh. VOL. IV. Q

114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. on horseback, with a small viexb of
Whitehall j royal oak, ship, Sgc. neat; 4to.
Carolus II. &e< a bust in the frontispiece to Sprat's
" History of the Royal Society." Hollar f. 4to.
Charles II. hat and feather. Gaywoodf. h. sh.
Charles II. &c sold by Stent ; h. sh.
Carolus II. Hertoehsf small ; 8vo.
Carolus II. done from a fine medal of him. Bloote-
lingf. mezz. small.
Carolus II. Loggansc. large falling band ; star
and garter ; oval.
Carolus II. Loggan sc. in armour. Before Ross's
translation of" Silius Italicus ;" fol.
Charles II. Loggansc. without the king's name;
inscribed, " Fidei Defensor."
Charles IL view of a sea-fight. J. de Ram exc. ¦
Charles II. on horseback ; 4to. Van Merlen.
Charles II. in an octagon; Bouttats ; small.
Charles II. in an octagon; V. Merlin; quarto^
Charles II. Kneller; P.Vandrebanc ; sheet.
Charles IL in an oval, on a pedestal, on which
are the arms of England ; fourteen English verses ;
Dancker Danckerts ; folio.
The portrait seems by Van Dalen.
Charles II. half length; in an oval; sitting in his
robes; crown and sceptre; crown, lion, and unicorn, at

OF ENGLAND. 115
the corners. (Faithorne.) Sold by Robt. Gibhz. From a
sermon preached at his coronation in Scotland, before the
battle of Worcester; 4to.
Charles II. in a Van Dyck dress, when prince and
duke of Cornwall; in an oval; small folio. W. Faithorne ;
rare. Charles II. sitting and holding a charter in his
hand; in the title to Wood's " Historia et Antiquitates
Universitatis Oxoniensis." A. D. Hemsus ; R. White.
Charles II. six Latin verses, " Aspice quem Re-
ducem Pietas," Sec. a good portrait ; no name of en
graver. Charles II. in an oval ; " Honi soit qui mdl y
pense." 8vo. style of Hollar.
Charles II. several good portraits in Simon's "Me
dals ;" 4to. c$c.
Carolus Secundus; in an pval of laurel; motto,
rose and thistle ; engraved by R. White, when a youth ;
4to. Carolus IT. R. White sc. whole length ; frontispiece
ta Pitt's "Atlas;" large h. sh.
Carolus II. R.White sc. three prints, in 8vo. oval.
Carolus II. Vandrebanc* sc. garter robes; large sh.
Charles II. W. Sherwin sc. vohole length ; h.sh.
Carolus II. Sherwin sc. laurel chaplet ; 4to.
* Sometimes spelt Vanderbank.

116 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. R. Nason pinx. R. Cooper sc.
Carolus II. Sherwin f. 1669; large sheet ; mezz.
Carolus II. Van Hove sc. 8vo. ;
Charles II. in armour; in his right hand is a
sword; his left points to a celestial crown, inscribed
" Carolus ad Car olum ;" various emblems. Van Hove sc.
8vo. Carolus II. hat and feather* P. S. excud. 4to.
Charles II. sitting. E. le Davis sc. The face was
afterward erased, and that of King William inserted.
Carolus II. sold by Becket ; 4to.mezz.
Carolus II. J. S. (Smith) f. E. Cooper exc. whole
length ; 4to. mezz.
Carolus II. &c. R.Cole f h.sh. mezz. Thisprint,
which was engraved by Sir Ralph Cole, is very scarce :
so is the following.
Charles II. Francis Place f. mezz*
Carolus II. Edward Rixonfi h.sh, mezz.
Carolus II. oval frame; above, " Fidei Defensor ;"'
below, " Dieu et Mon Droit."
Carolus II. holding a sceptre in his right hand; on
a table are three crowns ; 4to.
Carolus II. a headin a flaming heart, on which rest
three crowns.
* Mentioned in Vevtue's MS.

OF ENGLAND. 117
' Charles II. inscribed, " God save the King ;" 4to.
Charles II. sitting in a chair of state; collar of
the Garter, cjr.
Carolus IL Gonzales Cocques p. Q. Boelf. aqua
forti, h.sh.
Carolus II. Willemsenf. oval ; six English verses.
Carolus II. Willemsenf. in armour ; h. sh.
; Carolus II. Phil. aGunst sc. oval ; foliage ; large
h. sh. Carolus Stuart IL Koninck van England, SjcAto.
Carolus II. &c. his statue in the Royal Exchange.
Gibbons fecit. P.Vandrebancsc. large sheet.*
Carolus II. &c. on horseback; sold by Garret ; h.sh.
• Carolus II. &c. on horseback. A.deBlois sc, h.sh.
Charles II. on horseback ; by NVisscher; 4to.
Charles II. and his Queen; whole lengths; stand
ing ; the arms of Great Britain betwixt them ; oblong
h. sh. Stent.
Charles II. and his Queen; two plates, byVertue;
head-pieces in the quarto edition of Waller's Works.
Carolus et Catharusta. Frederick Hendrick van
Hove sc. ornaments: large sh.
* Gibbons is said to have had " an exclusive licence for the sole printing of this
statue, and prohibiting all persons to engrave it without his leave." — " Anecdotes
of Painting," &c. iii. p. 84, notes.

118 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. and his Queen ; the Duke of York,
the Prince of Orange, Prince Rupert, the Duke of
Monmouth, and General Monk. J. Clark sc.

HISTORICAL PIECES.
CHARLES II. and his Queen, sitting; the arch
bishop of Canterbury and the clergy presenting an ad
dress ; lords and ladies of the court.
Charles II. with his Qixeenjoining hands; a sheet;
Van Heven ; scarce.
Charles II. receiving the first pine-apple culti
vated in England, from Rose the gardener, at Daw-
ney Court, Bucks, the seat of the Dutchess of Cleveland.
R.Gravesc. Charles II. sitting in a chair of state; Archbishop
Sancroft and F. Lord Guildford standing by him.
W. F. Before Chamberlayne's " Present State;" 8vo.
Charles II. "A Ra-ree Showe ;" the king is re
presented blowing bubbles, with a box at his back,
and going up a bridge, " West-ward Hoy," attended
by three persons, one with a mace, (officers to both
houses.)— The king is again represented with a show-
box at his back ; half way up his legs in mire ; three
persons pushing him back ; and putting the lords
and commons into the show-box, transformed into
popes or bishops. The king has two faces, repre*-
senting the Protestant religion and popery. The
dresses covered with female faces ; to the right,
a view of Oxford, and Louse Hall. A. Pare. Cu-

OF ENGLAND. 119
ri'ous and rare, supposed to be published by Stephen
College. The printer was fined 500/. for publishing it.
Charles II. in a sheet of letter -press, inscribed
" The manner of his Majesty's curing the Disease called
the King's Evil." F. H. Van Hove sculp. London,
printed for Dorman Newman ; scarce.
Charles II. and his Queen, receiving Ogilby's book
of subscriptions for his " Survey ofthe Roads;" 4to.
Charles II. on his throne, presenting a charter or
instrument to the university of Oxford. Before Wood's
" Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis ;"
fol. 1674.
Charles II. attended by several of the nobility,
clergy, 8gc. and William Prynne presenting a book to
him. Frontispiece to the first volume of his " Records,"
in folio, sh.
Charles II. on his throne ; Archbishop Sheldon on
his right hand, and Lord Clarendon on his left; General
Monk in an oval below. Loggan sc. 4to.
Charles II. leaning his hand on Archbishop Shel
don ; a small head of General Monk at the bottom.
Loggan sc. Before R. Atkyn's " Origin and Growth of
Printing." Charles II. sitting in a chair of state ; Archbishop
Sheldon and the Earl of Shaftesbury standing by him.
W. F. (Faithorne) f Before several of the early editions
of Chamberlayne's "Present State of England;" \2mo.
Charles II. with Mrs. Lane, on horseback ; Mr.
Lascelles riding before ; four verses ; an etching.

120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. on his throne, touching for the evil;
to Browne's "Charisma Basilicon," 1634;' 8vo. Ri
White. Charles II. taking his departure from Scheveling;
his portrait above, supported by angels. P. H. Schut.
Charles II. holding his court, at the Hague; several
by P. Phillipe, 8$c.
Charles II. in council, giving orders for burning
the Dutch fleet ; the crown falling from his head; Lon
don inflames, fyc. very rare.
Charles II. crowned 23c? April, 166J, with the
Duke and Dutchess of York, the Lord-chancellor, Duke
of Albemarle, Archbishop of Canterbury and York,
Bishops of London, Winchester, Exeter, and Norwich ;
oblong sheet ; E. Smithfield ; very rare.
Charles II. and Donna Catharinse Queen; whole
length; singularly habited; sold by Matthew Collins, in
Cannon- street ; folio; scarce,
Charles II. and his Queen Catharine, in their
robes : the King is receiving with his right hand a
wreath of flowers from the Queen ; Fame blowing her
trumpet; crown and globe on a table. P. Williamsen delin.
et sculp. 1662; rare! In the collection of A. H. Suther
land, esq.
Charles II. though a genius, acted in direct opposition to every
principle of sound policy ; and, in appearance, without propensity
to tyranny, made no scruple of embracing such measures as were
destructive to the civil and religious liberties of his people. He
chose rather to be a pensioner to France, than the arbiter of Eu
rope ; and to sacrifice the independence of his kingdom, and the
happiness of his subjects, than to remit his attachment to indolence
and pleasure. He, under the veil of openness and candour, con-

OF ENGLAND. 121
cealed the deepest and most dangerous dissimulation. Though he
was a slave to love, he appears to have been an entire stranger to
the softer sentiments of pity and compassion. He was gay, affable,
and polite ; and knew how to win the hearts, when he could no
longer gain the esteem of mankind. He was so accustomed, for
his own ease, to divest himself of his grandeur, that he seemed to
have forgot what belonged to his dignity as a king.
Donna CxlTHARINA, sister to Don Alfonso, pre
sent king of Portugal ; taken from the original as it
was presented to Don Francisco de Mello, ambassador
of Portugal in London. R. Gaywoodf. 4to.
Donna Catharina, daughter of John IV. king of
Portugal ; her hand on a crown; h. sh.
Donna Catharina, daughter of John IV. P. Wil-
liamsenf. Stent exc. h.sh.
Donna Catharina, &c. Hollar f. 4to.
Donna Catharina, Infanta, regina, &c. Van Hove
sc. 8vo.
Donna Catharina, sereniss. Infanta, &c. h.sh.
Catharina, &c. daughter to John IV. D.aPlaats
p. A.de Bois ¦ sc. h. sh.
' Catharina, &c. D.aPlaats p. A.de Bois sc. large
h. sh.Catharina, &c. Faithorne sc. In the dress in which
she arrived. Her hair is formally curled like a peruke;
her gown black, with slashed sleeves ; point handkerchief
and ruffles, an ample farthingale, with laced petticoats,
gloves in her left hand; h. sh.
Catharina, &c. Overton, 1662; large h. sh.
VOL. IV. n

122 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Catharina, &c. Lely p. Becket f 4to. mezz.
Catharina; &c. Lely p. Blootelingf. h.sh.
Catharina, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf 1680; h. sh.'
mezz. .
Katharine, queen, &c drawn in the character of
St. Catharine, with her wheel. J. Huysman* p. Tomspn
exc. whole length ; sh. mezz.
Catharina; in an oval, richly ornamented ; four
English verses ; sold by Matthew Collins, 8$c. scarce.
Catharine. Sherwin f. large sheet, mezz. oval;
dedicated to Prince Rupert ; scarce.
Catharine ; in the dress in which she came from.
Portugal; arms of Portugal at bottom. Loggansc. very
rare. . Catharina, &c. J. Huysmanp. W. Shertvinsc.
in the character of St. Catharine ; whole length ; sh. — ;
There is a portrait of her in this character at Gor
hambury. Katharine, &c. Wiss'ing p. Smith f. whole length;
large h. sh.
Catharina, &c. J. Bapt. Caspars p. E. le Davis
sc. whole length ; large h. sh. Before Pitt's " Atlas."
Catharina, &c. Peter Williamsen f large h. sh.
Katharine, &c. G. Glover f. whole length ; 4to.
Catharina, &c. Shenvin sc. oval ; 4to.
* Sometimes spelt Huysinan, and Hoiisman.

OF ENGLAND. 123
Catharina, &c. Sherwin f. h.sh. mezz.
Catharina, &c. in an oval foliage. J. Gammon sc.
h. sh.
Catharina, &c. er mined robe ; collar of diamonds ;
cross and pearl; very large sh.
Catharine, consort of Charles II. pearls about her
stays; crown, 8$c.
Catharina, &c Coenraet (Conrad) Waumans sc.
Martinus Vanden Enden exc. 4to.
Catharina, &c. A. Lommelin sc. large h.sh.
Catharina, &c. Arnold de Jode sc. h. sh.
The manners of this princess, especially at her first appearance
at court, retained a strong tincture ofthe convent; and were but ill
formed to please, much less to reclaim, the polite and dissolute
Charles. She at first rejected the English dress, and the attend
ance of English ladies ; and chose to appear in the formal habit of
her own country, and be attended by her duennas, whose persons
were the scorn and the jest of every courtier. She, for some time,
carried herself towards the royal mistress with all the disdain which
she thought became her dignity and virtue : but when she saw that
the king was resolved to retain her, she suddenly fell into the other
extreme, and treated her with such excessive affability and conde
scension, as lost the little esteem he had for her. The first years
of her marriage were rendered unhappy by almost every passion
that could disturb a female mind. At length, every spark of con
jugal affection seemed to be extinguished, and she sunk into all the
tranquillity of indifference. See the next reign.
HENRIETTA MARIA, queen-mother ; four
French verses.
Henrietta Maria, late queen; black veil; \2mo.

124 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The queen-mother returned to England in 1660, after an absence
of about nineteen years. She declared, upon her re-entering So
merset-house, " That if she had known the temper of the English
some years past, as well as she did then, she had never been obliged
to leave that house." She exerted herself with her usual vehe
mence against the marriage of the Duke of York with Anne Hyde,
which she was determined to prevent or annul. She also expressed
the strongest dislike to those ministers who had the greatest share
of the royal confidence and favour. On a sudden she appeared to
be reconciled to the match, and to acquiesce in the ministry. This
was imputed to a soothing, or, to speak more properly, . an inti
midating letter, sent her by Cardinal Mazarine. Upon the breaking
out of the plague, in 1665, she retired to France, where she died
in August, 1669, in the 60th year of her age.* It appears from
Sir John Reresby's " Memoirs," that she was secretly married to
Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban's.
JAMES, duke of York. Lely p. Tompson exc. in
armour; h.sh. mezz.
James, duke of York. Lely p. Browne: in armour,
ixsting his truncheon on the mouth of a cannon.
Jacobus, dux Eboracensis, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf.
oval ; large as the life; large sh. mezz:
James, duke of York, &c. Lely p. G.Valckf. 4to.
mezz. James, duke of York. S. Cooper p. R. Williams f.
8vo. mezz.

* The funeral oration, at her interment in the church of St. Denis, was spoken
by father Senault, who, in this discourse, imputed the troubles of Charles to his
infidelity, which gave such offence to Sir Leoline Jenkins, then' ambassador in
France, that he, on this occasion, expostulated with Senault, who alleged in his ex
cuse, lhat he used this word as less clwquant than heresy.t

t See a curious letter on this subject, in the " Letters of Sir, Leoline Jenkins,"
p. 670.

OF ENGLAND. 125
James, duke of York, in armour ; ships at sea;
Kneller p. Smith f (1697);* h. sh. without the. dukes
name.
It is commonly called James II. but there is great reason to be
lieve that the original portrait was painted in this reign, when he
was lord high-admiral. As the plate was by some accident lost,
the prints became extremely scarce in Smith's lifetime, who offered
a guinea apiece for as many as could be procured for him.
James, duke of York ; a small whole length, in his
robes. (Kneller p.) Smith f
Another small whole length by Smith, with some varia
tion. Palmer exc. small h.sh. mezz.
James, duke of York and Albany, in full dress,
holding a truncheon; sea-fight in the distance; W. Sher
win; rare.
James, when young; truncheon in his left hand, his
right on a helmet; H. Ideman ; small sheet.
Jacobus, dux Ebor ; in an octagon; T. van Merlin;
4to. James, duke of York ; whole length. John Baptiste;
W. Sherwin sc.
DerHertrog von Jorck, &c. in armour; in an oval;
H. Cause.
James; small whole length, when young; born 1633.
Sold by Thomas Jenner ; rare.
N. B. This was afterward altered to Princess Anne.
* The date of the engraving this print, and many others by Smith, is taken from
a manuscript lent me by the late Mr. Mac Ardell, the engraver, who told me that
it was a copy from a list of the works of that artist, written by himself.

126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
James, duke of York, when young, playing at ten
nis ; Merian.
James, duke of York, &c W. Richardsom.
James, duke of York, 1 684. Kneller ; J. Verkolliei
altered when king.
James, duke of York; commander of this most noble
society of the artillery men, in armour. W, Vaughan sc.
scarce ; large 4to. ¦
James, duke of York, in armour, in a border of
laurel. " England doth boast thy birth and riper yeares,
But France arid Flanders speak the rest with teares." — I. H.
large 4to. scarce.
James, duke of York. S.Luttichuys pinx. R.Cooper
sc.
Jacobus, &c. supremus dominus admirallius.
Simon Luttichuys (Lutwich)p. Van Ddlen,jun.sc. large
h. sh.
James, duke of York. S. Cooper p. R.Williams f.
h.sh. mezz.
Jacobus, dux Eboracensis. D. Loggan sc. Before
Pitt's "Atlas;" whole length; large h. sh.
Jacobus, dux Eboraci ; his right hand on his
breast. R. White sc. sh. This was altered when he
was king.
Jacobus, dux Eboraci. James Gammon sc. a large
oval.

OF ENGLAND. 127'
•. Jacobus, dux Ebor. In the robes of the Garter.
R. White sc. k. sh.
. James, duke of York ; large as the life; in an oval
of flowers. E. le Davies sc. large sh.
/James, duke of York. M. Meridn sc.
James, duke of York; oval; in armour ; arms, 8gc.
at the four corners ; small 4to.
: James, duke of York, with Anne Hyde, his dutchess ;
two head-pieces ; a representation of a sea-fight in both..
Vertue sc.
There is a portrait of James, duke of York, with his dutchess, by
Lely, at the Queen's House.
The Duke of Yoik, though he had a quick relish for pleasure,
followed business with that closeness of application which the king
his brothesr wanted ; and wanted himself that quickness of appre
hension, that natural sagacity arid apparent benevolence of temper,
which was so conspicuous in the king. His notions of government
were as erroneous as those of his father and grandfather ; and the
large steps which his brother took towards arbitrary power, were in
a great measure owing to his instigation. He was, what rarely
happens, revengeful and valiant almost in the same degree ; and
displayed such courage in the first Dutch war, as rendered him
more popular than all the other acts of his life. His bigotry to the
Roman Catholic religion, which was still increasing with his years,
had the strongest influence upon his conduct; and at length
prompted him to such measures as were condemned by the sober
and judicious of all religions.

ANNE HYDE, dutchess of York. P. Lely p. Lom
bart sc. four French verses ; " Telle est la charmante
Duchesse," 8gc,
There is a copy of this head in a latter edition of the translation
of St. Evremohd's works. It is inscribed, " The Dutchess of Ma
zarine."

128 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
. Anne, dutchess of York. Smith f. Sold by Palmer ;
small h.sh.
Anne Hyde, &c. Vander Werffp. Simmoneau sc.
h. sh.
Anne Hyde, dutchess of York ; mezz. Lely; R.
Thompson. Anne Hyde, &c. mezz. Wissing ; Williams.
Anne Hyde, &c. Lely ; J.L. Claessons; 1793. In
Harding's " Grammont."
Anne Hyde, &c. W.Richardson.
Anne Hyde, &c. From a drawing in the collection
of A. H. Sutherland, esq. in the " Noble Authors," by
Park. Anne Hyde, dutchess of York. J. S. Agar sc.
1815 ; from the original of Sir P. Lely, in the collec
tion of the Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon ;
in Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits."
Anne, dutchess of York. Stent exc. h.sh.
Anne, dutchess of York. Stent; 4to.
Her portrait, by Lely, which was once the property of her father,
is now at Amesbury.
Anne, dutchess of York, was the elder of the two daughters of
the Lord-chancellor Clarendon.* She possessed, together with a
* It is said that Lord Clarendon's wife was a woman of low condition, who
walked to London from Trowbridge, in Wilts, and placed herself in the service of a
brewer, who married her and left her a large fortune. On his death she consulted
Lord Clarendon (then Mr. Hyde, an attorney) as to her affairs ; and he married
her, and by her had two daughters. The elder, Anne Hyde, was dutchess of York,
wife of James II. by whom she had two daughters, Queens Mary and Anne. In
the house, where she resided at Trowbridge, is a crown carved in wood, over one of
the doors. — Binuley.

OF ENGLAND. 129
large portion of her father's understanding, the beauty and accom
plishments of her own sex in an extraordinary degree. She had
a dignity in her behaviour, which was by some, who regarded her
as Anne Hyde, rather than the dutchess of York, mistaken for
haughtiness. She sometimes amused herself with writing, and
made a considerable progress in the Life of the duke her husband,
which she shewed to Dr. Burnet in manuscript ; but the work was
never finished. Her misconduct before she was dutchess of York
was amply atoned for by her conduct afterward. Ob. 31 March,
1671. MARIA, ducissa Eboracensis. Lely p. Browne;
h. sh. mezz.
Maria Beatrix, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf. h.sh.
mezz. The Dutchess of York. Wissing p. R. Williams f
h.sh. mezz.
Maria Beatrix, &c. P. Vandrebanc sc. large
h. sh.
Mary of Este, dutchess of York. R. White sc.
whole length.
Mary of Este, &c. R. White sc. Before " The
History of the House of Este," 1681; 8vo.
The Dutchess of York. Smith f. whole length; h.sh.
mezz. Mary, dutchess of York. P. Schenckf. mezz. 4to.
Maria, dutchess of York ; flowers in each hand.
There is a head of her, together with the duke's, in Lord Lans-
down's "Poems," 4to. 1732. It was engraved by G. Vander-
gucht. See the reign of James II.
vol, iv. s

130 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The LADY ISABELLA, daughter of James, duke
of York, and Mary his dutchess ; a child, with a chap-
let of flowers on her head, and. her left hand on the fore
head of a lamb ; h. sh. mezz. Lely ; A. Browne.
Lady Isabella; with a dove; mezz. Lely; E,
Cooper.
Lady Isabella, and Ann Hyde ; mezz. P. Lely;
A. Browne.
' Isabella, second daughter- of James, by Mary of Este, was born
the 28th of August, 1676. She died the 2d of March, 1680.
HENRICUS, dux Glocestrise. Luttichuys (Lut-
wich) p. C. van Dalen, junior, sc. large h.sh.
Henricus, dux Glocestrise, &c. Mt. 20. Lut
tichuys p. oval; \2mo.
Henricus, dux Gloucestriae, &c. Filius tertius
genitus regis Caroli primi. G. White sc.
Henricus, dux, &c. in the robes of the Garter ;
whole length; h.sh.
Henry, duke of Gloucester. R. White sc. whole
length. Henry, duke of Gloucester. S. Luttichuys pinx.
R. Cooper sc.
Henry, duke of Gloucester ; (Hollar) 8vo.
Henry, duke of Gloucester, standing at a table,
with his sister Maria, P. Dowager of Orange ; sntall
whole length, a death's head on the table j AH.(ertochs.)
A short view ofthe Lives, 8$c. 1661 ; \2mo.

OF ENGLAND. 131
Henry, duke of Gloucester; a boy's head, inscribed
" The Effigies," fyc. spiritedly etched; no name of artist,
but probably Streeters.
Henry, duke of Gloucester. Vertue sc. 1736; h.sh.
This belongs to the set of Kings.
There is an oval half-sheet print of Prince Rupert,
in armour, from a retouched and altered plate, with
Stent's name on it, thus inscribed: " The Effigies of the
high-borne Prince Henry, duke of Gloucester," fyc.
There is a portrait of him in the Ashmolean Museum.
The Duke of Gloucester was a young prince of great hopes, who
possessed almost all the good qualities of his two brothers, without
any of their bad ones. The king had an extraordinary love and
esteem for him, the effect of his virtues and amiable deportment;
and was observed to be more deeply affected at his death, than
with any calamity that had ever befallen him. Ob. 13 Sept. 1660,
Mt. 20-21. See the reign 'of Charles I.
The heads of the following princes and princesses are placed
according to their heirship to the crown.
MARIA, princeps Auriaca. Lely p. Blootelingf.
h. sh. mezz.
The Princess of Orange. Lely p. R. Tompson exc.
h. sh. mezz.
The Princess of Orange. Lely p. Printed for E.
Cooper; h.sh. mezz.
The Princess of Orange. Lely p. E. le Davis sc.
Maria, princess van Orange. Lely p. G. Valckf.
1678. The Lady Mary was so far from being corrupted by a dissolute
court, and a licentious age, that she maintained throughout her life

132 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the most unaffected piety and virtue. She was married, in this
reign, to the Prince of Orange ; and made the most exemplary wife
to a man, who, when a hero in the bloom of youth, had scarce a
single quality to recommend him to the female sex.
The LADY ANNE. Lely p. Tompsonexc. h.sh,
mezz.
The royal Princess Anne, married to Prince George
of Denmark. Nic.Visscherexc. large h.sh. See Noble's
" Continuation," vol. I. p, 17.
MARY, princess of Orange, L eldest daughter of
Charles I. Hanneman p. 1660. Faithorne, junior, f
h. sh. mezz. See the reign of Charles I.
The Prince of Orange. Lely p. E. le Davis sc.
The Prince of Orange. Lely p. sold by Browne ;
h. sh. mezz.
The Prince of Orange. Lely p. Tompsonexc. h.sh.
mezz.
Gulielmus Henricus, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf.
1678 ; h. sh. mezz.
Gulielmus Henricus, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf.
1678; large h. sh.
Gulielmus Henricus, &c. Lely p, G.Valck sc.
mezz. large h. sh.
The Prince of Orange, young, in armour. Becket
exc. mezz.
William, prince of Orange; sold by R. Peake;
h.sh.

OF ENGLAND. 133
Guillaume Henry, prince d'Orange. Ragueneau
p. P. Philippe sc. sh.
The Prince of Orange. C. van Dalen sc. h. sh.
Guillaume Henri, prince d'Orange. J. Verkolie* f.
sh. mezz.
Gulielmus Nassavius, &c. oval; hat and feather;
small 4to.
Wilhelmus Henricus, &c. P. Bouttats sc. large
h. sh.
Wilhelmus III. prince van Orange, on horseback;
the name of the horse, ivhich is adorned with ribands
reaches to the ground; curious.
Gulielmus, prince d'Orange; half sheet; G. Valck;
altered when king.
Gulielmus, prince d'Orange, on horseback ; P.
Janse ; H.Rokes; scarce.
Gulielmus, prince, &c. in an octagon; Van Merlin.
Gulielmus, prince, &c. in armour, crowned with
laurel ; Jas, Allard, 1660 ; fol.
Gulielmus, prince, in his cradle. See Princess
Mary, Class I. in the reign of Charles I.
Wilhelmus a Nassau, &c. holding seven
darts, in the same manner . as they are held in the
paw of the lion, in the arms of the seven United
Provinces; 4to.
There is a portrait of him, by Netscher, in his own hair, at
Buls trode. * Or Verkolje.

134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
When Lewis XIV. invaded the United Provinces, the whole
people were seized with such terror, as nothing but the immediate
dread of the horrible inundations to which those countries are sub
ject, could equal. Then it was that the young Prince of Orange
formed a resolution, which seemed to be the effect of despair itself,
to deliver his country, or perish in the attempt. He soon gave vi
gour and dispatch to the councils of the States, infused a military
spirit into their raw and undisciplined troops, and not only checked
the rapid progress of Lewis, but ravished from his hands the towns
he so perfidiously had taken. The most unjust, as well as the most
trivial actions of this vainest of all princes, are committed to sculp
ture;* and even his courage has been immortalized. There is a
print by Edelinck, after le Brun, which represents him on horse
back ; and just under his horse's feet is a figure partly man and
partly frog, holding the darts of the Seven Provinces. But we
know that the courage of the young stadtholder of these provinces
was as much superior to that of Lewis XIV. as the spirit of a lion is
superior to that of a frog.
The Prince and Princess of ORANGE ; whole lengths,
with two gentlemen and four young ladies of their court
in waiting; oblong h. sh. very rare.
The PRINCESS HENRIETTA. P.Williamsen sc.
1661 ; h. sh.
Henriette dAngleterre, duchesse d'Orleans; a
large sheet.
Madame Henriette Anne,| princesse de la
Grande Bretagne. C. M,( Claud Mellan) sc. a bust ;
4to. Henriette Anne, &c. copied from the above. Vander
* See the prints engraved and printed at the Louvre, particularly the volume of
medals. t She was named Henrietta Maria, after her mother. See the " Bioaranhra"
p. 2056. b '

OF ENGLAND. 135
Werffp. (delin.) J. Audran sc. In Mons, Larreys
" History ;" fol.
Henriette, &c. N. de L'Armessin sc. large h. sh.
Henrietta Maria, dutchess of Orleans. Piatt sc.
In Harding's "British Cabinet."
Henrietta, &c. in an oval; L. Boisse ; 4to.
Henrietta, &c. R. Peake.
Henrietta^ &c. Des Rochers ; 8vo.
Henrietta, &c. Mt. 17; octagon; 4to.
Henriette d'Angleterre, duchesse d'Orleans,
Eponsee le 13 Mars, 1661, &c. in an octagon; 4to.
stag hunt to the left; scarce; quaere if 'the same. as men
tioned in the next above ; 4to.
There is a portrait of her at Dunham, the seat of the Earl of
Stamford, by Largilliere. There is another at Amesbury ; and a
third, by Petitot, at Strawberry-hill.
Henrietta Maria was the youngest daughter of Charles I. and
wife to Philip, duke of Orleans, only brother of Lewis XIV. She
was a woman of uncommon sense and vivacity, and in readiness of
wit superior to the king her brother. She is "said to have attracted
the particular uotice of Lewis, at the time that he extended his
conquests over the ladies of his court, with as much rapidity as his
generals did over the Spanish territories in the Netherlands.* She
came over to England to attach her brother to the French interest ;
and concluded a private treaty with him against the Dutch, which
was much more for the advantage of Lewis than of Charles, but
equally to the. dishonour of both. The duke her husband was cer
tainly jealous of her, and even suspected that too great familiarities

* Bishop Burnet tells us, that Lewis's courtship of Madame was " only a pre
tence to cover his addresses to Mademoiselle La Valiere, one of her maids of ho
nour; whom he afterward declared openly to be his mistress, and who is well
known to have loved him for his own sake."

136 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
had passed betwixt her and his brother. He is said to have caused
her to be poisoned soon after her return to France.* Ob. 30 June,
1670, Mt. circ. 25.
PRINCE RUPERT. Lely p. Tompson exc. robes of
the Garter; h. sh. mezz.
Rupertus, &c. totius Anglise vice-admirallus.
Lely p. Blooteling exc. 1673; sh. This is the most cha
racteristic and valuable print of Rupert.
Prince Rupert. Lely p. Vansomerf mezz. This
print, which is mentioned in Vertue's manuscript, is pro
bably the same that has on it " Tomson excudit," which
is in Vansomer's manner.
Prince Rupert, &c. S. Cooper p. etched by Bre-
therton. The engraver gained much credit by this print.
Prince Rupert &c. vice-admiral, &c. Kneller p.
R. White sc. large h. sh.
Prince Rupert, &c. Faithorne sc. h.sh.
Rupertus, Princeps, &c in armour; standing by
the sea. His left hand is on a female head, adorned with
pearls; h.sh.
Prince Rupert, who was a man of harsh features, a great hu
morist, and of little elegance in his manners or his dress, was but
indifferently qualified to shine in the court of Charles the Second.
He made a much better figure in his laboratory, or at the head of
• See Burnet, I. p. 301. Ludlow, HI. p. 227. She declared to the duke her
husband, a little before she expired, " that she was the willinger to die, because
her conscience upbraided her wilh nothing ill in her conduct towards him."  Fenton's
" Observations on Waller's Poem to the Dutchess of Orleans."
In the " Gentleman's Magazine," for July, 1773, p. 324, 325, is a very remark
able letter, concerning the death of that princess ; but it seems not to be sufficiently
authenticated.

OF ENGLAND. - 137
the fleet; in which station he was equal, in courage at least, to any
ofthe sea-officers of this reign. He particularly distinguished himself
in that memorable engagement in the second Dutch war, in which
the brave Earl of Ossory commanded under him. He died at his U Aug.
house in Spring-gardens, the 29th of Nov. 1682, aged 63. His l673-
jewels were valued at 20,000k and among them was a pearl valued
at no less than 8000/. See the preceding reign; see also Class VII.
and X. in the present
The Prince of HANOVER ; in armour ; battle at a
distance; h. sh. mezz.
George Lewis, duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, as we are
informed by Mr. Wood, came into England in 1680, to pay his
respects to the Lady Anne, daughter of the Duke of York. He was
then created doctor of law, with great solemnity, at Oxford.* The
manner of engraving evidently shews that the print was done about
this time. It has been mistaken for the portrait of his son, after
ward George II. and the battle for that of Oudenarde.
The PRINCE, consort to the Princess ANNE.
PRINCE GEORGE, &c. brother to the King of
Denmark. Printed on the river Thames, 1683.
George, prince of Denmark; two prints, one a large
sheet. P. Vandrebanc sc\ See the following reign.

* " Fasti Oxon." ii. col. 216.
t The match between Prince George and one of the daughters of the Duke of
York, seems to have been long in view, as may be presumed from some particu
lars in the Earl of Carlisle's speeches, addressed to him in 1664, at the court of
Denmark. See " Carlisle's three Embassies," .'p. 399. 423. The prince's mar
riage with the Lady Anne was celebrated on the 28th of July, 1683. He shortly
after told the king, that he grew fat since he was married. The merry monarch re
plied, in his usual strain of pleasantry, " that if he would walk with him, hunt with
his brother, and do justice on his niece, he would not grow fat." — A Wood's
" Life," p. 328.

VOL. IV,

138 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

CLASS II.
GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE AND OF
THE HOUSEHOLD.
See the Lord Chancellors and Lords Keepers in the sixth Class.
THOMAS WRIOTHESLY, earl of Southampton,
(lord -treasurer.) In Clarendon's " History ;" 8vo.
. Thomas Wriothesly, earl of Southampton ; 4to.
Gardiner.
Thomas Wriothesly, &c In Simon's " Medals!"
p. 29.
His portrait, together with that of his countess, by Vandyck, is-
at Bulstrode.
The Earl of Southampton, like another Sully, was placed at the
head of the Treasury after the ravage and confusion of the civil
war. He, with the capacity and application of that able minister,
undertook to reduce the public accounts to regularity and order;
and happily succeeded in that great attempt. But the king, who
had not the least economy himself, was too apt to overlook that
virtue in others ; and, what was still worse, was inclined to pull
down much faster than his treasurer could build up. This excel
lent person, who was loyal, and yet a patriot, died too soon for the
good of his country. He was a man of a quick and lively concep-.
tion, prompt elocution, and invincible integrity. He was of an
amiable and exemplary character in domestic life ; and, to say all
in one word, was iri his great office in the Treasury, what his
friend the Lord Clarendon was in the high court of Chancery.
Ob. 18 May, 1667. Upon his decease, the Treasury was put inta
commission, and the Duke of Albemarle was appointed first com
missioner.

OF ENGLAND. 139
THOMAS OSBORNE, earl of Danby, lord high-
treasurer, &c Lely p. Blootelingf. h. sh. scarce.
Thomas Osborne, &c. W. Faithorne.
Thomas Osborne, duke of Leeds. R. White.
Thomas Osborne, duke of Leeds; in " Noble Au
thors," by Park.
Sir Thomas Osborne, afterward earl of Danby and duke of Creat. earl
Leeds, succeeded Thomas, lord Clifford in the office of lord high- f^'jj1'
treasurer ; which the latter resigned upon the passing of the Test 1673.
Act.* When he entered upon his employment, the Treasury was
totally exhausted, and the very name of a lord-treasurer was be
come odious : and it required the utmost stretch of his abilities to
restore, in some degree, the public credit, and bring the revenue
into tolerable order. This he, by skilful management and great
industry, effected : but he was thought to be too much in the in
terest of the court, to act with integrity in his high office. The Earl
of Shaftesbury, his capital enemy, caused him to be impeached in
parliament, with a view of extorting such secrets of state from him 1678.
as might increase the popular odium against the court. He made
such a defence as was expected from his extraordinary talents, and
proved that what he had done was by the king's orders. He was
imprisoned till the year 1684, when he was released upon bail.
Upon the disgrace of the Earl of Danby, the Treasury was put
in commission ; and Arthur Capel, earl of Essex, was appointed
first commissioner. See Capel in the " Biographia."
JOHN, earl of Radnor, &c lord privy-seal. Knel- Promoted
ler p. R.White exc. mezz. large h.sh. scarce.
John, earl of Radnor; small 4to. W. N. Gardiner.
John, lord Roberts, who commanded a regiment under the Earl
of Essex in the civil war, was a leading man in the councils of
* It is well known that Sir Thomas Clifford was rewarded with the treasurer's
staff, and afterward with a peerage, for advising the king to the infamous expedient
of shutting up the Exchequer, of which he received the hint from the Earl of Shaftes
bury.

1661.

140 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the patriotic junto, and had afterward a principal hand in the
restoration. He had much learning,* but it was mixed with the
pedantry of the last age ; and some virtues, but they were soured
1669. and debased by a morose and splenetic temper. He was appointed
lord-lieutenant of Ireland, in a time of confusion, when the various
claims to the estates in that kingdom were to be adjusted. His
parts were by no means equal to this government, at so critical a
juncture ; as he had a genius rather for starting than solving diffi
culties. He treated the Irish nobility with haughtiness and con
tempt, and was himself treated with much less ceremony than he
expected. The king found it necessary to remove him from this
employment; and, soon after his return to England, appointed him
Created president of the council, and created him earl of "Radnor. He was
i679U'y' 0Dserve(i t0 Puzzle business, and retard the dispatch of it, more
than any man that had ever been in the great offices which he en
joyed. Oi. 1685. His daughter Letitia Isabella, who was first
married to Charles, earl of Drogheda, was afterward the wife of
Mr. Wycherley, the famous dramatic poet.t
HENRY, duke of Norfolk, earl-marshal, &c Lely p.
Blcoteling sc. sh.
Blooteling received thirty guineas for engraving this head.
Henry Howard, duke of Norfolk, earl-marshal, and first peer
Qf the realm, was grandson to Thomas, earl of Arundel. He was
a man of great good -nature, and a patron of learning ; but there
was nothing shining in his character. On the contrary, he is re
presented, in the " Memoirs of Grammont," as a man of a slender
capacity, and little or no politeness in his manners. He was a
considerable benefactor to the Royal Society, who assembled at
his house in London, after the fire in 1666. He, at the motion of
Mr. Evelyn, gave the Arundel Marbles to the university of Oxford. J
* He was instructed in the mathematics by Matthias Pasor, son of George Pasor,
author of the " Lexicon to the Greek Testament." I mention this as introductory
to the following more memorable circumstance : The same Pasor instructed the great
Dr. Pococke in the oriental languages. See Pasor in Wood.
t The Countess of Drogheda went into a bookseller's shop at Tunbridge, where
Mr. Wycherley happened to be, and asked for tho " Plain Dealer ;" upon which a
gentleman pointing to him, said, " Madam, there is the Plain Dealer for you."
This interview produced an acquaintance, which ended in marriage.
i See the Dedication to the " Idea of the Perfection of Painting," translated by
Mr. Eve!,) n.

OF ENGLAND. 141
These were by far the most precious of the Grecian relics which
his grandfather possessed, and the most valuable of their kind in
the world. They formerly stood exposed to the air in the garden
belonging to Arundel House* This benefaction will probably be
remembered by the editions of the " Marmora Oxoniensia" of
Dr. Prideaux, Mr. Maittaire, and Mr. Chandler, when the original
inscriptions are totally obliterated. He died the 1 1th of Jan. 1683,
and was succeeded by his son Henry, who married the Lady Mary
Mordaunt, daughter of Henry, earl of Peterborough. It is well
known that this lady was divorced from the duke, and afterward
married to Sir John Germaine, bart.
GREAT OFFICERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD.
The Duke of ORMOND, lord-steward of the house- Promoted
hold. Wissingp. R.Williams f. h.sh. mezz. 1660-
James, duke of Ormond. Kneller p. Ravenet sc.
h. sh.
Jacobus, dux Ormondise. Kneller p. 8vo. This
print is curious, as it is one of the very few engravings
executed by George White, the mezzotinter: it is without
his name.
James, duke of Ormond. J. v. Berse.
Duke of Ormond. Bocquet sc. In "Grammont,"
1809; 8vo.
Jacobus, dux, marchio, et comes de Ormond.
Loggan sc. large h. sh. This has been copied by Michael
Vandergucht. * The duke had a seat at Albury, in Surrey, where the Hypogeum, or Subter
raneous Grotto, cut through a hill, has been much admired. It is about a furlong
in length, and leads into a fine valley. t But this is exceeded by the Hypogeum at
Park Place, the seat of Mr. Conway; where, besides several elegant works of art,
there is, perhaps, a greater variety of natural beauties, than are to be seen on any
spot of the same extent in the three kingdoms.
t See Gibson's " Camden," col. 184.

142 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Jacobus, dux Ormondite. Loggansc. 8vo.
James, duke of Ormond ; in armour; oval; mezz.
Vertue, in his manuscript, mentions a half-length mez-
zotinto of the Duke of Ormond, by Robert White.
There is a portrait of him, by Lely, at Amesbury, and another at
Woburn. The Duke of Ormond was an excellent soldier, an accomplished
courtier, and an able statesman ; and, what was a better character
than all these, he was the good, the humane, and benevolent man.
He did and suffered much in the cause of Charles I. and was one
of those royalists whose characters were never tainted, and which
were revered even by their enemies. Cromwell offered to restore
his immense estate to him ; but he was a man of too nice honour to;
accept of that offer from one who, he thought, had no right to make
it. He was a warm friend, and a placable enemy ; and was never
known to have any enemies himself, but those who were offended at
his virtues. He had an admirable talent at speaking; and never failed
to convince, as he spoke only on the side of truth and equity. His
military exploits in Ireland in the late reign, and his wise govern
ment of that kingdom in the present, the hardships he suffered in
his exile, and his active loyalty to his banished sovereign, are
amply recorded in his " Life" by Mr. Carte, in two volumes folio.
Ob. 21, July, 1688, Mt. 78.
Promoted EDWARD, earl of Manchester, one of the chiefs of the Presby-
1660. terian party, was voluntarily chosen for the office of lord-chamber lain
by the king. He indeed highly merited the honour which was con
ferred upon him. See the " Continuation of Lord Clarendon's Life,"
p. 47. See also the reign of Charles I. Class VII.
HENRY JERMYN. Schiavonetti ; in " Gram-
mont ;" from the picture at Strawberry-hill.
Henry Jermyn, &c. W. N. Gardiner ; fol.
Henry Jermyn ; small oval.

OF ENGLAND. 143
Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban's ; from an original
by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of the late George
Drummond, esq. at Stanmore. Godfrey sc. 4to.
Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban's ; in Gram-
mont's "Memoirs;" 8vo.
Henry Jermyn (second son to Sir Thomas Jermyn, of Rushbrook,
in the county of Suffolk, knt.) was treasurer of the household to
King Charles the First, and master of the horse to the queen. In
the beginning of the civil war, he spared neither pains nor expense
in obtaining arms and ammunition from foreign parts, for the royal
service. He exposed himself to the greatest hazard in attending
the queen into England, and landing her in safety at Burlington,
Yorkshire, in 1642, and conducting her thence with all the power
he could raise through the enemy's quarters, to tbe king at Oxford.
For this service he was, by letters patent, bearing date at Oxford,
Sept. 3, 19 Car. I. advanced to the dignity of a baron of the realm,
by the title of Lord Jermyn of St. Edmundsbury, in Suffolk; with
limitation of that honour, in want of issue of his own body lawfully
begotton to Thomas his elder brother, and the heirs male of his
body. He raised a regiment, and was wounded in the arm by a pistol-
shot, in a skirmish previous to the first battle of Newbury, in Sep
tember, 1643. He afterward (in July 1644) went to France, and
continued there till the restoration ; soon after which period, he was
sent to conduct the queen-mother to England. Cowley and Sir
William D'Avenant were patronised by him while he was at Paris ;
and the former lived in his family.
He served King Charles the Second, while in exile, with great
fidelity; and was employed by him in several embassies to the King
of France, which he performed with great diligence and wisdom.
In consideration of these services he was, by letters patent, bearing
date atBreda, in Brabant, April 27, 1660, created earl of St. Alban's,
in com. Hertf.
It has been generally thought, that he was privately married to
Queen Henrietta Maria, but at what period their union took place,
we are unable to ascertain. She died at Columbe, in France, Au>
gust 31, 1669.
On the 13th of May, 1671,. he was appointed lord-chamberlain of

144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the household, which employment he held till September 11, 1674;
and in May 1672; he was installed a knight of the Garter. Ob.
December, 1683.
HENRY BENNET, earl of Arlington. P. Lely p.
J. Houbraken sc. In the collection of Sir Thomas Han-
mer, bart. " Illust. Head."
Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, lord-chamber-
Iain of the household ; white staff ; h. sh.
Henry Bennet, &c. Thane.
Henry Bennet, &c. mezz± small oval. A.Bloote-
ling; J. Lloyd exc.
Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington; collar and badge
ofthe Garter.
Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington; 8vo.
There are portraits of him in Christ Church-Hall at Longleat,
and Lord Bathurst's, at Cirencester.
Creat. earl Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, secretary of state and lord-
sa April chamberlain to Charles II. was educated at Christ Church, in Ox-
Made lord- ford, where he distinguished himself by several pieces of poetry,
ehamb. which are printed in different collections of occasional yerses. In
1674. ' tne re'8'n 0I" Charles I. he was one of the under secretaries to
George, lord Digby, secretary of state ; and afterward entered a
volunteer into the royal army, where he received many honourable
wounds.* He followed the fortunes of Charles II. with whom he
was long a wanderer; and was employed by him in several embas
sies, before and after the restoration. He had an uncommon talent
at raillery and ridicule, and employed these low arts to undermine
the credit ofthe Lord-chancellor Clarendon; and when his own
credit began to decline, the same arts were returned upon himself.
He was one of the cabinet council, notorious by the name of the
* The prints represent him with a large cut on his nose.

OF ENGLAND. 145
Cabal, to which much of the political, infamy of this reign will for
ever adhere. They advised the king to shut up the exchequer, and
persuaded him that his interest was unconnected with that of his
people. Ob. July 28, 1685, Mt. 67.
GEORGE, duke of Albemarle, master of his ma
jesty's horse. F. Barlow p. Stent exc. h.sh.
George, duke of Albemarle. Barlow p. Wm.
Clarke sc.
Geoegius, dux Albemarle. D. Loggan ad vivum
delin. et cozlavit, 1661 ; half length, h. sh. This is one
of Loggan s best prints, and the original of several
others; it resembles the picture at the Duke of Queens-
berry's, at Amesbury. The print is copied by Sheppard.
George, duke of Albemarle; a small oval, inscribed
G. M. in Faithorne' s manner.
George Monck, duke of Albemarle. Gaywoodf.
h. sh. There are two others 4to. and a third 8vo. by the
same hand.
George Monck, &c. White sc. 8vo.
George Monck, &c. J. Ch. (Chantry) sc. 1663;
chaplet of laurel ; 8vo.
George Monck, &c. B. Audran.
George Monck, &c. Bocquet sc. In " Noble Au
thors," by Mr. Park.
George Monck, &c. H. R. Cook sc. In Prince's
"Worthies of Devon;" 4to. 1810.
George Monck, &c. W. T. Fry sc. 1816 ; from
VOL. IV. U

146 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the .original of Sir P. Lely, in the Town-hall, Exeter;
in Mr. Lodge's "Illustrious Portraits."
George, duke of Albemarle, inscribed, ." The Effigies
of the valiant and. renowned;" on horseback. R.P.
Sold by S. Lye, Cannon-street ; scarce.
George, duke of Albemarle, &c. Before his "Ob-
s'ervatiofts on military and political Affairs," 1671 ; fol.
George, duke of Albemarle. R. Preeke exc. 1661 ;
large 4to.
\ George Monck, &c. Before his "Funeral Sermon"
by Seth (Ward), bishop ofSarum, 1670; 4to.
George, late duke of Albemarle, &c. E. le Davis sc.
h, sh.George Monck, &c. on horseback ; Stent; h. sh.
George, duke of Albemarle and his dutchess,
standing hand in hand; sold by Stent ; very bad.*
Mr. Walpole, in vol. ii. p. 179, of the second edition of his
"Anecdotes of Pajritjng," mentions a capital half-length of him at
the Countess of Montrath's, Twickenham Park:
His portrait is m the gallery at Gorhambury.
George, duke of Albemarle. R. Cooper sc.
Appointed George Monck, duke of Albemarle, who had a very early incli
ne 'horse n^on t0 a military life, served in the Low Countries, under the
1660. Lords Oxford arid Goring. In the civil war, he at first adhered to
Created the king; but having suffered a tedious imprisonment for his
July 7, loyalty, he took the covenant, and entered into the service of the
1660. * There is a print of George, prince of Denmark, with naval trophies, designed
and engraved by Burghers, and prefixed to the Oxford verses on the death of that
prince, this anonymous pottrait has beeu mistaken for the Duke of Albemarle.

OF ENGLAND. 147
parliament He signalized himself at the battle of Dunbar, where
he had a principal share in that important victory. He was after
ward employed by Cromwell in reducing Scotland, which he did
effectually, and had the chief management of affairs, in that king
dom. It is well known that he had the greatest hand in the res
toration, and that his gallant behaviour on board the fleet, in the 1666.
Dutch war, was almost without example. He is not so well known
as an author, though in that character he was not without merit.*
He had talents both for peace and war ; but his capacity was moreJ
adapted to the field than the cabinet. His conversation and ad
dress were better suited to those scenes of action to which he had
been accustomed, than to the drawing-room of Charles II. Oi..
3 Jan. 1669-70. See Class VII.
GEORGE, duke, marquis, and earl of Bucking
ham. S.Verelstp. Becket f. h.sh. mezz.
George Villiers, duke, marquis, and earl of
Buckingham, &c R. White sc. h. sh. In Guillim's
" Heraldry ;" folio.
George, duke, marquis, and earl of Buckingham,
&c. master of the horse. Before his Works, 8vo.
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham. Boc-
quetf. In "Noble Authors," by Mr. Park, 1806.
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, a man of great wit and
humour, and of the most whimsical caprice, was the admiration and
the jest of the reign of Charles the Second. He was the alchy-
mist and the philosopher ; the fiddler and the poet ; the mimic and.
the statesman. How shall I sketch the portrait of one who had,
such a variety of faces, or draw him in miniature who was of so
great, and at the same time of so little a character ? He has left us
a specimen of his admirable wit in his " Rehearsal" which is a crea
tion of his own, and had a considerable effect in reforming the stage.
Ob. April 16, 1687, Mt. 60.f
* See the " Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors."
f It is certain, from what Lqrd Clarendon tells us, that the duke frequently
diverted himself with the preachers at court. The following story was told <ia as a'

148 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JAMES, duke of Monmouth, (master ofthe horse).
Lely p. Blooteling sc. large h.sh.
James, duke of Monmouth, &c. Lely p. Blootelingf.
oval; in armour; large as the life; large sh. mezz.
James, duke of Monmouth. Wissing p. Vander-
vaartf. h. sh. mezz,
, James, duke of Monmouth. Kneller p. Vandre-
banc sc. in armour ; sh.
Jacobus, dux de Monmouth, &c. robes of the
Garter. Loggansc. h.sh. This is the handsomest
print of him.
James, duke of Monmouth ; two prints by Van Hove;
small 8vo.

fact by Dr. Dibben, an intimate friend of Mr. Prior, and the translator of his Se
cular Ode into elegant Latin. A young divine of great modesty, who preached
before the king, on Psalm cxxxix. verse 13, " I am fearfully and wonderfully
made," was the innocent occasion of much mirth in the chapel royal. ; This
young man, who is supposed to have been in a sweat, more from apprehension than
the warmth of the season, happened, before he named his text, to wipe his face with
one of his hands, on which was a new glove, and with the die of it unluckily blacked
himself. The Duke of Buckingham, upon comparing the words of the text with
the figure of the preacher, was instantly seized with a fit of laughter, in which he
was followed by Sir Henry Bennet and several other courtiers ; nor was the king
himself, who thoroughly enjoyed a jest of this kind, able to keep his countenance.
The Reverend Mr. Gosling, of Canterbury, upon reading this anecdote, made the
following observation, which I shall give the reader in that gentleman's own words :
" I have heard my father (who was of the chapel royal in King Charles the Se
cond's time) tell this story of a Dr. Resbury, without the circumstance of the glove,
which seems needless from another story of him. While he was in waiting at
Windsor, he observed a person pass him in the street, and turn back to look at him
sp often, that at last he pretty roughly asked what he meant by it. He very
civilly asked pardon; but said he was a painter; that he had then in hand a picture
of Nathan reproving David, and thought that the doctor had the most reproving
face he had ever met with. This occasioned some harsher language, to which the
artist replied, he had got as much as he desired, and took his leave." The anecdote
of the preacher, as corrected by Mr. Gosling, seems lo be the more authentic; but
he certainly was, chaplain to King William and Queen Anne, as appears from his
epitaph in St. Giles's church, at Reading,

OF ENGLAND. 149
James, duke of Monmouth. P. Stent ; sold by
Overton. James, duke of Monmouth and Buccleugh. Nic.
Visscher ; large h. sh.
James, duke of Monmouth. P. Schenckf. in ar
mour. James, duke of Monmouth ; in armour ; collar of
the Garter.
James, duke of Monmouth ; a head-piece; in the
quarto edition of Waller's Works.
Jacques Scot, due de Monmouth. V. Wcrff p.
(delin.) Picart sc. direx. 1 724 ; 4to.
James, duke of Monmouth; mezz. oval; Lely; P.V.
Somer ; 4to. scarce.
James, duke of Monmouth, on horseback; Netscher
and Wyck p. W. Baillie sc.
Jacobus, dux de Monmouth, &c on horseback ; a
cypher, probably for Francis Barlow.*
Mr. Pennant, in his " Tour in Scotland,"f informs us, that there
is a large spirited picture of the Duke of Monmouth on horseback,
and another in armour at Dalkeith-house. The same author ob
serves, that all his pictures have a handsome likeness of his father.
At this house is a portrait of Lucy Walters, his mother, of whom
Mr. Bull has an authentic drawing.
James, duke of Monmouth, was a natural son of Charles II. by Created
Mrs. Lucy Walters,! daughter of Richard Walters, of Haverford- f^§ h
West, in the county of Pembroke. Courage and good nature, 15 Car. II.

* There is a poor print of him, "sold by Overton," sh. This is not worth lhe
collector's notice.
f p. 61. t She was sometimes called Mrs. Barlow.

150 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
youth and beauty, ambition and pliancy of temper, contributed to
render him the favourite of his father, the minion of the people',
and the tool of faction. Accumulated wealth and honour, univer
sal popularity and royal favour, though more than he, could well
bear, did not satisfy him. He knew not how to be happy without
sovereignty, while he enjoyed all its advantages, without any of
its cares. He even pretended that he had a right to the succes
sion ;* and it is certain that the king for some time connived at his.
ambition, as he thought his faction a proper counter-balance to that
of the Duke of York.f The Earl of Shaftesbury, who managed
him as he thought fit, first formed the project of raising him to the
throne. See the next reign.J

GREAT OFFICERS OF SCOTLAND.
WILLIAM, duke of Queensberry. Kneller p. Van-
drebanc sc. large sh.
Created • William, earl of Queensberry, was made lord justice-general and
sVeb. ^0T^ high-treasurer of Scotland, by Charles II. and appointed lord
1683-4. high-commissioner of that kingdom in the beginning of the next
reign. This nobleman and the Earl of Aberdeen had the manage
ment ofthe affairs of Scotland in 1681, after the departure ofthe,
Duke of York. They have been both justly censured for their
rigorous and oppressive administration. Great numbers were out
lawed by the Earl of Queensberry, only for conversing with such
as refused the Scottish Test. These conscientious persons were
v * The pretended secret History of Charles II. and Lucy Walters, was published,
under borrowed names, in the "Perplexed Prince;" written in the manner of a;
novel, and dedicated to William, lord Russel. The king is there said to have been
certainly married to her. This book, which is but a mean performance, had a great'
influence on the populace.
t Welwood, p. 169.
t The Duke of Monmouth had a sister, Mary, who espoused William Sarsfield,
esq. of Lucan, in Ireland,§ by whom he had an only daughter, named Charlotte,
who was married to Mr. Vesey, an, Irish gentleman. Mary espoused, to her second
husband, William Fanshawe, esq. master of the requests to Charles II. She died
in April, 1693, leaving issue by him one son and three daughters. See Sandford's
" Genealogical History," p. 645, last edit.

§ Elder brother to Patrick, styled earl of Lucan.

OF ENGLAND. 151
branded with the name of rebels. He fell into disgrace soon after
the accession of James, because he refused to change his religion.
Ob. 1694. b
JOANNES BAP. COLBERT, &c. Baro de Seig-
nelay. Nanteuil sc. 1660. There are various other
prints of him. The best that I remember to have seen is
that engraved by Ant. Masson; sh.
Joannes Bap. Colbert. Jac. Lubin sc.
Joannes Bap. Colbert. C.leBrun; G.Edelinck;
large sheet.
John Baptist Colbert, privy-counsellor and superintendent of the
finances, secretary, and minister of state to Lewis XIV. and one of
the ablest politicians that any age or country has produced, was
born of Scottish parents in France. He instituted, established,
and directed manufactures. He was perfectly acquainted with all
the springs of opulence, and knew how to convey them into their
proper channels. Trade received life, vigour, and stability under
his auspices ; and the French marine would have become formida
ble, if the jealousy of Louvois had not turned aside his master's
ambition to conquests at land. The canal of Languedoc, begun
and carried on under his direction, was itself a work that would
have immortalized a Roman. He died at Paris, on the 6th of Sep
tember, 1683. His library of books, printed and manuscript, is
said to have been superior to any private collection that ever was
made.* He is mentioned here, as being enrolled by the Scots in the
splendid list of their illustrious persons.
THOMAS, first lord Clifford of Chudleigh ; from.
the original of Lely, in the collection of the Right Hon.
* Colbert had a brother, whom he introduced into the management of affairs,
and an acquaintance with the great world. The Germans and the English found,
to their 'detriment, if not their disgrace, that he was a very artful and able ambas
sador. He has been frequently confounded with the great Colbert. That he was
a different person will appear from his character in Mons. Wicquefort's " Rights,
Privileges, and Office of Ambassadors," translated by Digby. t
t See p. 421.

152 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Lord Clifford. W. Holl sc. In Lodge's " Illustrious
Personages of Great Britain ;" folio, quarto, and octavo.
Thomas, lord Clifford, of Chudleigh, was the eldest of the three
sons of Hugh Clifford, of Ugbrook, in Devonshire, a gentleman
who had been intrusted with the command of a regiment of foot
for the king in the beginning of the rebellion, by Mary, daughter
of Sir George Chudleigh, of Ashton, in the same county, baronet. —
He was born on the 1st of August, 1630, and completed his educa
tion at Exeter College, in Oxford, where he became a gentleman
commoner on the 25th of May, 1647 ; and " was accounted," says
Wood, " by his contemporaries there a young man of a very un
settled head, or of a roving shattered brain." The fervid and san
guine disposition which drew on him this censure from dull and
plodding judgments, enabled him to reap the fruits of study without
labour, and he left the university in a state of proficiency which
astonished those who had uttered it. He travelled for some time
on the continent, and on his return, was entered of the Middle
Temple, and studied the law with an assiduity which leaves little
room to doubt that he then intended to adopt it as a profession.
The ancient affection, however, of his native county to his names
and family, opened new prospects to him. The borough of Totness
elected him to serve in the parliament, by which Charles the Se
cond was restored, and rechose him for the first which was called
by that prince. He was now in his proper sphere of action. The
freedom of debate was suited to his natural impatience of control,
and his ambition was soothed by splendid visions of preferment.
He possessed all the requisites to establish parliamentary reputa
tion, and exercised them with a freedom and boldness at that time
seldom practised. He commenced his career by opposing the
measures of government ; grew distinguished and formidable; made
terms with the king's ministers ; and became a most steady advocate
for the royal prerogatives.
He now privately engaged himself, in concert with some other
members of the House of Commons, to use his most strenuous
endeavours to augment, by all practicable means, the authority and
revenue of the crown ; and it has been said, that Lord Clarendon's
opposition to those measures, was the principal cause of that great
man's fall. Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, and secretary of
state, was his first eminent political friend and patron, and his
strict intimacy with that minister, together with a strong rumour

OF ENGLAND. 153
that he had been secretly reconciled to the church of Rome about
the time of the restoration, introduced him to the favour, and
shortly after to the confidence, of the Duke of York. In compli
ment to that prince, and perhaps to relieve and solace a spirit of
peculiar ardency, he attended the duke in the great sea-fight with
the Dutch of the. 3d of June, 1665, and became so interested in
the tremendous novelties which he that day witnessed, that he
chose to remain with the fleet after the command had devolved, in
the duke's absence, on the Earl of Sandwich, with whom he sailed,.
in the beginning of the following August, on the expedition to
Bergen, in Norway.
On the '26th of October, 1666, he was appointed comptroller of
the household, and on the 5th ofthe following December, sworn of
the privy council ; on the 13th of June, 1668, the office of treasurer
of the household was conferred on him; and, presently after, the
Treasury being put into commission on the death of the Earl of
Southampton, he was named one of the lords commissioners. He
became now, perhaps, the king's most confidential adviser, and
this was presently after in a manner publicly acknowledged by his
reception into that cabinet council, which, from the initial letters of
the names of the five who composed it, obtained the denomination
of" the Cabal." The whole designs of which were, the establish
ment of absolute monarchy, and the restoration of the Romish
religion. Charles the Second, who thirsted for absolute monarchy chiefly
for the sake of personal ease, determined to ensure his future ser
vices by giving him the strongest proof of his favour and gratitude.
On the 20th of April, 1672, created him baron Clifford, of Chud
leigh, in the county of Devon, to which honour was added, a grant
of considerable estates, chiefly in Somersetshire ; and, on the 28th
of the following November, he was appointed lord high-treasurer.
In the preceding year the king, who had become the voluntary
vassal of Louis XIV. resolved to gratify that prince by breaking
the league, known by the title of the triple alliance, which had been
formed against France in the year 1667, between England, Sweden,
and the United Provinces, and to make war on the latter of those
powers. His coffers were exhausted ; the parliament not then
sitting ; and no reasonable hope to be entertained from assembling
it, of obtaining a grant of money for the prosecution of a measure
so unpopular.— In this dilemma, Charles is said to have declared
that he would give the staff of high-treasurer to any of his minis-
vol. iv. x

154 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ters who could contrive a feasible plan to raise 1,500,000/. without
an application to parliament. -** The next day," as the story goes,
" Lord Ashley (afterward the notorious earl of Shaftesbury) told
Clifford that there was a way to do this, but that it was dangerous,
and might, in its consequences, inflame both parliament and people.
Clifford, impatient to know the secret, plied the Lord Ashley with
visits, and having drunk him to a proper height, led him insensibly
to the subject of the king's indigence. Lord Ashley, warm and
unguarded, dropped the 'important secret of shutting up the Exche
quer. Clifford took the hint ; left the Lord Ashley as soon as he
possibly could ; went the same night to Whitehall ; and, attending
till the king rose, demanded the white staff. The king renewed
his promise if the money could be found, and then Clifford disclosed
the secret, and was accordingly made lord-treasurer." The whole
of this, however, seems to be fabulous. The project of shutting
up, as it was called, the Exchequer, by which the bankers, who
had supplied Charles's necessities with money, borrowed of others
on the security of the revenues, were disabled from fulfilling their
engagements, was devised and recommended by Ashley alone.
Lord Clifford held his high appointment for little more than six
months ; about the time that he obtained it, Charles, at his sugges
tion, published a declaration for universal liberty of conscience and
worship, and for the suspension ofthe penal laws against dissenters
of all descriptions. It was presently perceived that this measure
was contrived for the encouragement and benefit of the Roman
Catholics ; the House of Commons took it up with great warmth ;
voted it to be illegal ; and not only endeavoured, by two several
addresses, to persuade the king to revoke it, but broke out into
open hostility against the Papists, and brought in a bill for a new
test, peculiarly framed to disqualify them for all public employ
ments. The peers received it with more moderation, but Clifford
defended it in that house with a haughtiness and violence of ex
pression, which provoked the utmost resentment and disgust. It
was on that occasion that he applied the quoted phrase, " mon-
strum horrendum ingens," to the vote of the Commons, and re
proached that branch of the legislature in terms of anger and con
tempt, never, peihaps, before or since applied to it by a speaker in
the upper house. The Lords, however, sanctioned the king's de
claration by their vote, but the majority was small, and no less
than thirty signed a protest against it. The chancellor, Shaftes
bury, spoke and voted against it, and the king, to whom Clifford

OF ENGLAND. 155
had not only previously submitted the plan of his speech, but by
whom some additions had been made to it, intimidated by the re
sentment which it had produced, and the artifices ofthe treasurer's
enemies, determined to abandon at once his measure, and his
minister. The appointment of Sir Thomas Osborn, afterward duke of
Leeds to that important post, was the result ; Clifford retired,
overwhelmed with chagrin, to the country. Some remarkable par
ticulars of his latter days have very lately appeared in a publication
of the diary of his intimate friend, John Evelyn, who tells us, that
his resignation " grieved him to the heart, and at last broke it."
Mr. Evelyn adds, that when he took leave of this nobleman, on his
quitting London for ever, Lord Clifford " wrung him by the hand,"
and said, " Good bye — I shall never see thee more — do not expect
it— J will never see this place, this city or court, again ;'' and
couples with these speeches, which evidently refer rather to future
life than death, a very idle rumour of the day, that he perished soon
after by his own hand.
He died, as we are informed by Prince, in his " Worthies of
Devon," of a fit of the stone, at his house of Ugbrook, in that
county, in September, 1673.; and his friend, Mr. Evelyn, from
whom alone we have any view of his private character, makes some
atonement for the blemish so carelessly cast on his memory, by
recording that he was " a valiant uncorrupt gentleman ; ambitious,
not covetous ; generous, passionate, and a most sincere constant
friend."

CLASS III.
ENGLISH PEERS.
DUKES.
WILLIAM SEYMOUR, duke of Somerset. Lely p.
1671. Vertue sc. 1724; large h.sh.
- William, duke of Somerset, was son of Henry, lord Beauchamp,
by Mary< daughter of Arthur, lord Capel. He succeeded his grand-

156 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
father William, who, on the 25th of April, 1660, was restored to
the title of duke of Somerset, forfeited by the attainder of his
great-grandfather, in the reign of Edward VI. Ob. 1671.

CHRISTOPHER, duke of Albemarle, (son of
George). Sherwin sc. sh. See the next reign.

created WILLIAM CAVENDISH, duke of Newcastle.
16 March
1664-5. 'Diepenbeke del. Clouvet sc. See the reign of Charles I.
Class III,

The Duke of RICHMOND and LENOX ; with a
black holding his hat and feather. H. Gascar p. whole
length, mezz.
TheDukeofRiciiMOND. W. Wissing p . J. Becket f
with a greyhound ; h. sh. mezz.
The Duke of Richmond. Wissing p. R. Williams f
robes ofthe Garter; 4to. mezz.
The Duke of Richmond. DuBroynp. R. Tomp-
son exc. h. sh. mezz.
The Duke of Richmond, Kneller p. R.White exc.
h. sh. mezz. All these prints represent him young.
The Duke of Richmond, &c. Le Davis.
The Duke of Richmond, F. Jollai/i,
The Duke of Richmond; whole length. B. Lens.
At Dalkeith-house, the seat ofthe Duke of Buccleugh, in Scot
land, are portraits of the duke and his dutchess in one piece.

OF ENGLAND. 157
Charles Lenox, first duke of Richmond, was the only son of
Louise Renee de Penencourt, of Queroualle, in France,* by King
Charles the Second, who being present at his baptism, gave him
* This lady coming into England, in the year 1670, with the Dutchess of
Orleans, the king's sister, his majesty was so taken with her beauty and deport
ment, that he created her dutchess of Portsmouth, countess of Farneham, and
baroness of Petersfield, all in the county of Southampton, to enjoy during her life,
by letters patent, dated at Westminster, August 19, 1673. And likewise by his
intercession with the then French king, Louis XIV. the territory of Aubigny, in
France, which, by the death of Charles Stuart, sixth duke of Richmond and Lenox,
reverted to that crown, was given to her grace, by grant, dated at St. Gerraains
en Laye, in the month of December, 1673, and thirty-first year of his reign, during
her life ; the remainder to such of the King of Great Britain's natural sons by her,
as he shall name j under the same limitation as the grant by Charles VII. of
France, anno 1422, to John Stuart, ancestor to the aforesaid Duke of Richmond.
Aubigny is a town in Berry, in France, situate on the river Nere, given (accord
ing to Pere Daniel) to John Stuart, the third lord Darnley of the name of John,
On March 24, 1422, to whom the county and earldom of Eureux was also granted
in 1426, and who was killed at the battle of Herrings, on February 12, 1428-9.
The French king, by his grant dated at Versailles, in the month of January,
1684, in the forty-first year of his reign, reciteth, " That the territory of Aubigny
upon Nere, in the province of Berry, having been given, in the year 1422, by
Charles VII. to John Stuart, in consideration of the great and commendable
services by him done in the wars ; and by default of heirs male, the same having
reverted to the crown, anno 1672, on the death of the Duke of Richmond, he, in
regard to the King of Great Britain, had, by his letters patent, dated in the month
of December, 1673, granted to the Lady Louise Renee de Penencourt de Querou
alle, dutchess of Portsmouth, the said territory of Aubigny, with all rights to the
same belonging, for her life ; remainder to such of the natural male children as she
shall have by the King of Great Britain, in tail-male, by the said king to be
named ; remainder to the crown of France. And whereas, the said King of Great
Britain, had appointed Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond, his natural son, master
of the horse, and knight of the Garter, to succeed the said Dutchess of Portsmouth
in the said inheritance ; he, the said King of France, being willing to annex to
the said inheritance a proper title, and such as should be agreeable to the illustrious
birth of the said Duke of Richmond : and at the same time to confer honour on
the said Dutchess of Portsmouth, whose progenitors always held a considerable
rank in the province of Britanny, as well in consideration of their birth, services in
the army, as alliance to ancient families, and otherwise; and also considering the
great extent of the said territories, consisting of the town of Aubigny, two consi
derable castles; two parishes and fiefs, extending to the court and parliament at
Paris; being likewise mistress of the waters, forests, fairs, markets, and all places
im the said territories ; therefore he unites, creates, and erects the said town, terri
tory, castellany and castle of Aubigny, fiefs and lands, &c. into a dutchy and.
peerdom of France, with all pre-eminences and prerogatives thereunto appertaining ;
to be enjoyedby the said Lady Louise Renee Penencourt de Queroualle, dutchess
of Portsmouth, during her life; and after her decease, by the said Duke of Rich
mond, and the heirs male of his body, in name, title, and dignity of dukes of

158 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the surname of Lenox, and his own Christian name Charles. He
was born July 29, 1672, and being of great hopes, was, in the third
year of his age, created, by his royal father, baron of Setrington,
in the county of York, earl of March (a title derived from the
Marches in Wales), and duke of Richmond, in Yorkshire, by letters
patent, bearing date at Westminster, August 9, 1675.
And his majesty considering, with what lustre and glory the
house of Lenox had shone in former times, and that by the death
of Charles Stuart, duke of Richmond and Lenox, the dignity of
the Duke of Lenox was immerged in the crown ; therefore, that
the honour might be again revived, his majesty bestowed the
estate of Lenox on his son, the aforesaid Charles, duke of Rich
mond : and by letters patent, passed in Scotland, on September 9,
created him duke of Lenox, earl of Darnley, and baron Methuen,
of Torbolton, and to the heirs male of his body.
His grace was elected, April 7, 1681, a knight companion of the
most noble order of the Garter, and installed at Windsor on the
20th of the same month. At that time, and formerly, as pictures
shew, the knights of the Garter wore the blue riband round the
neck, with the George appendant on the breast : but the duke's
mother having, sometime after his installation, introduced him to
the king, with his riband over his right shoulder, and the George
appendant on the left side, his majesty was so pleased with the
conceit, that he commanded all the knights companions of the
order to wear it the same way. The Duke of Richmond was
made master ofthe horse to the king, on the removal of the Duke
of Monmouth ; which office, during his minority, was executed by
three commissioners, Henry Guy, Theophilus Oglethorpe, and
Charles Adderly, esqrs. but on the accession of King James to the
throne, his mother having promoted the bill of exclusion, his grace
was removed from that honourable employment. November 14,
1693, he took his seat in the House of Peers.
In the reign of King William, he served in Flanders, and was
aid-de-camp to his majesty. He was also one of the lords of the
bed-chamber to King George I. and departing this life, at his seat
at Goodwood, in Sussex, May 27, 1723, was buried in King Henry
the Seventh's chapel, in Westminster-abbey, but afterward removed
to Chichester cathedral.
Aubigny, and peers of France ; with all jurisdiction, rights, honours/authority, &c.
belonging to the said dignity of peers and dukes, and sovereignty of the said
dutchy ; doing homage to the crown of France."

OF ENGLAND. 159
The Dutchess of Portsmouth was amused by the Earl of Shaftes
bury, who well knew her influence over Charles, with the visionary
hopes of a parliamentary settlement of the crown upon the duke
hef son. His predecessor, in the dukedom of Richmond, was
Charles Stuart, who married a celebrated lady of his own name,
with whom the king was deeply in love. He died in his embassy
to Denmark, the 12th of Dec. 1672.
The Duke of. Richmond married, in January, 1692-3, Anne,
widow of Henry, son of John, lord Belasyse, of Worlaby, by whom
he had one son, Charles, second duke of Richmond, Lenox, and
Aubigny; and two daughters, Lady Louise, born Dec. 24, 1694,
married to James, third earl of Berkeley, and Lady Anne, married
to William- Anne, second earl of Albemarle.
HENRY, duke of Grafton. T. Hawker p. Becket f
whole length; large h. sh. mezz.
Henry, duke of Grafton. Kneller p. Becket f
large 4to.
The Duke of Grafton. J. Becket f. a ship at sea;
h. sh. mezz.
The Duke of Grafton. E. Cooper exc. small 4to.
mezz.
Henry Fitz-Roy, second natural son of Charles the Second, by
Barbara -Villiers, dutchess of Cleveland, born Sept. 20, 1663, being
of a brave and martial spirit, addicted himself first to the experience
of maritime affairs, having been in several naval expeditions with
Sir John Bury, knt. vice-admiral of England: he was, by letters
patent, bearing date August 16, 1672, created baron of Sudbury,
viscount Ipswich, and earl of Euston, all in the county of Suffolk ;
and September' 11, 1675, created duke of Grafton, in the county
of Northampton. August 31, 1680, he was elected a knight of the
most noble order of the Garter ; but being then at sea, with Sir
John Bury, he was installed at Windsor by his proxy, Sir Edward
Villiers, knt. afterward earl of Jersey, Sept. 30, following.
December, 15, 1681, he was chosen by the corporation of the
Trinity House, to be one of their elder brothers ; and on the 30th

160 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of the same month, constituted colonel ofthe first regiment of foot-
guards, which was given, in 1688, to the Earl of Lichfield, but
restored to him in the same year by the Prince of Orange. In 1682,
he was appointed vice-admiral of England; and in 1684, was sworn
recorder of St.Edmundsbury, in Suffolk. In 1685 appointed lord-
lieutenant and custos rotulorum of that county, and also by patent,
remembrancer in the First-fruits office, ranger of Whittlebury
forest in Northamptonshire, and gamekeeper at Newmarket.
At the coronation of James II. he performed the office of lord
high-constable of England. And on the landing of the Duke of
Monmouthin the West,1685, he commanded a part of King James's
forces, and behaved with great gallantry in the action of Philips-
Norton Lane, in Somersetshire, narrowly escaping with his life. — >
In 1687, the Duke of Somerset having declined conducting Ferdi
nand D'Ada, archbishop of Amasia, Pope Innocent XL's nur.cio, to
his public audience, he was prevailed on by the king to perform it;
and accordingly, on the 3d of July that year, he solemnly conducted
him to Windsor, attended by Sir Charles Cotterel, master of the
ceremonies, in one of his majesty's coaches. The same year
(being then vice-admiral of England), he had the command of a
squadron of his majesty's ships of war, to receive Mary Sophia,
queen of Pedro II. king of Portugal, in Holland, and conduct her
to Lisbon. He afterward sailed for Tunis, where he arrived',
Oct. 16, 1687; and having brought the corsairs of that place to
amity, he returned to England in March, 1688, and waiting on the
king was graciously received.
On the landing of the Prince of Orange, he was one of the Pro
testant peers, then in London, who, with the archbishops of Canter
bury and York, &c. signed a petition to King James, " That in the
deep sense of the miseries of a war, &c. they did think themselves'
bound in conscience, and out of the duty they owe to God, their
holy religion, &c. most humbly to offer to his majesty, that in their.
opinions, the only visible way to preserve his majesty and his king
dom, would be the calling of a parliament, regular and free in all
respects, &c." The Jesuits were so enraged at this petition, that
they published a paper with this title, Some Reflections upon the
humble Petition to the King, ofthe Lords, who subscribed ihe same ;
presented November 17, 1688.
On King James's arrival with his army at Salisbury, November 19,
the Duke of Grafton, with the Lord Churchill (afterward duke of
Marlborough), were the first that went over to the Prince of Orange.'

OF ENGLAND. 101
And such confidence had his highness in his grace's good dispo
sition to him, that when King James had the first time withdrawn
himself from Whitehall, he dispatched the Duke of Grafton from
his camp at Henley, to go and take possession of Tilbury Fort, with
his regiment of foot-guards. But after the meeting of the Conven
tion, when it came to be debated in the House of Peers, Whether the
throne being vacant, it ought to be filed up by a regent, or a king,
the duke was one of the forty-nine, that voted for a regent. How
ever, his grace, with the Duke of Ormond, the Dukes of Southamp
ton and Northumberland, soon after acknowledged the Prince and
Princess of Orange for king and queen. And at their coronation he
attended, and bore the king's orb.
In 1690, he embarked with the Earl of Marlborough for Ireland,
who arrived before the harbour of Cork, Sept. 21, and two days
after, the greatest part of the land-forces went on shore, headed by
the Duke of Grafton, who coming the next day within a mile ofthe
town of Cork, began a formal siege. And a considerable breach
being made, the grenadiers were ordered to storm the town, headed
by his grace, and some resolute volunteers. But as he was leading
them on to the assault, on September 28, he received a wound with
a shot, which broke two of his ribs, whereof he died, at Cork, on
October 9, following; and his corpse was brought to England, and
buried at Euston, in Suffolk.
The Duke of Grafton married the Lady Isabella, only daughter,
and at length heir, to Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, viscount
Thetford, &c. secretary of state, and ofthe privy council, knight of
the most noble order of the Garter, and lord-chamberlain of the
household to Charles II. by the Lady Isabella of Nassau, his wife,
one of the daughters of Lewis of Nassau, lord of Beaverwaert, and
count of Nassau, and sister to Henry of Nassau, seignior de Auver-
querque, master of the horse to William III. and father of Henry
earl of Grantham ; and by her had Charles, his only child, second
duke of Grafton, born at Arlington-house, in St. James's, Park ;
who, in right of his mother, became earl of Arlington, viscount
Thetford, and baron Arlington ; her father being created baron
Arlington, of Arlington, in the county of Middlesex, March 14,
1663, and viscount Thetford in the county of Norfolk, and earl of
Arlington, April 22, 1672, with limitation to the heirs of his body
lawfully begotten.

vol. iv.

162 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGE FITZROY, earl (afterward duke) of
Northumberland, &c H. Gascar p.* A. looker exc.
large h. sh. mezz.
The Duke of Northumberland. Wissing p. Wil
liams f. 4to. mezz.
Created George Fitzroy, duke of Northumberland, was another natural
1682!"' son of Charles II. by Barbara, dutchess of Cleveland. In 1683,
he was elected knight of the Garter. In 1701, he succeeded Henry,
duke of Norfolk, as constable of Windsor Castle, and lord lieute
nant of the county of Surrey. In the reign of Anne, he was con
stituted lord- lieutenant of Berkshire, lieutenant-general of the
queen's armies, and one of the lords of her privy council. He
married, in 1685, Catharine, daughter of Robert Wheatley,-of
Bracknol, Berks, esq. and relict of Thomas Lucy, esq. of Charlecote,
in the. county of Warwick. He died without issue.
HENRY CAVENDISH, duke of Newcastle, on
horseback; with his elder brother Charles, viscount
Mansfield. A. V. Diepenbeke. Lisebetius sc. In the
Duke of Newcastle's book of " Horsemanship ;" sheet.
Henry Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, 1676.
W.Richardson; 1811; oval ; hat and feather.
Henry Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, was the only surviving son
of the celebrated William, marquis of Newcastle, who, by his steady
adherence and loyalty to Charles the First, suffered a loss of no
less a sum than 733,579/. the only return for which was the honour
of being made a duke at the restoration of Charles the Second.
His grace dying in 1676, at the advanced age of eighty-four, was
succeeded in his honours by this nobleman ; who, though less con
spicuous than his father in the political hemisphere, yet held many
dignified offices and posts of state. He married Frances, daughter
of William, second son of Robert Pierpoint, earl of Kingston, which
lady brought him four sons ; three of which died young ; and the
* It is observable that all the prints after Gascar's paintings are very uncommon.

OF ENGLAND. 163
surviving son, Henry, after his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter
and heir of Joceline Percy, earl of Northumberland, called himself
Percy, but died in the lifetime of his father, anno 1680. The
Duke of Newcastle had also five daughters ; who, upon his decease,
in 1691, proved his coheirs: at which time, the titles of Cavendish
of Bolsover, viscount Mansfield, earl of Ogle, and earl, marquis,
and duke of Newcastle became extinct. The title having termi
nated in the name of Cavendish, was next revived in that of Hplles,
in the person of John Holies, earl of Clare ; who, having married
Margaret, third daughter and coheir of -Henry Cavendish, the last
duke of Newcastle, was raised to that dignity in 1694; but having.
no male issue, this honour expired again upon his decease, July 15,
anno 1711. Whereupon Thomas Pelham Holies, earl of Clare
(who had been so created in 1714), was, in 1715, advanced to the
dukedom of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with limitation, in default of
issue male, to his brother Henry, and his issue male; both of these,
however, deceasing, the said title once more became extinct, on his
grace's death in 1768. But having, in 1756, been created duke of
Newcastle under Line, in Staffordshire, with an entail, on failure of
issue male of his own body, to Henry Clinton, earl of Lincoln, and
his issue male, by Catherine Pelham his wife, niece to him the said
duke, this last-mentioned title, upon his death, descended accord
ing to the above limitation, and is now vested in the noble family
of Clinton.

HENRY, duke of Beaufort. Wissing p. R. Wil
liams f. h. sh. mezz.
Henry, duke of Beaufort ; in armour ; anonymous;
(Vandyck); (Faithorne). This has been mistaken for
Edward, marquis of Worcester, by Granger.
Henry, duke of Beaufort. Kneller p. R. White sc.
large h. sh.
A print from this plate, with some alteration in the arms, &c.
was sold at Paris, in the reign of Anne, for the head of Lord
Bolingbroke. The name of Desrochers, the engraver, is inscribed
on the print.

164 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Henry Somerset was son of Edward, marquis of Worcester, who
had a considerable share in the transactions ofthe late reign; and
was, in his father's lifetime created earl of Glamorgan by Charles I.*
He was by Charles II. July 30, 1660, constituted lord-lieutenant
of Gloucestershire; and, in 1672, lord-president of the council in
the principality of Wales; and lord lieutenant of the several coun
ties of Anglesey, Brecon, Cardigan, Caermarthen, Glamorgan, and
Radnor, in South Wales ; and of Carnarvon, Denbigh, Merioneth,
Montgomery, Flint, and Pembroke, in North Wales. He was also,
on August 22, appointed lord-lieutenant of the county and city of
Bristol ; and on August 27, the same year, sworn of his majesty's
privy-council; having on June 3, the same year, been installed
one of the knights of the Garter. And having been eminently ser
viceable to that king (as is expressed in the patent) since his most
happy restoration ; in consideration thereof, and of his most noble
descent from King Edward the Third, by John Beaufort, eldest son
of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swinford, his
third wife, he was, by letters patent, dated on December 2, in 1682,
the thirty-fourth year of his reign, advanced to the title of duke of
Beaufort, with remainder to the heirs male of his body.
At the funeral of Charles II. he was one of the supporters to
George, prince of Denmark, chief mourner ; and, by James II. was
made lord-president of Wales, and also lord-lieutenant of all
the above-mentioned counties ; and at his coronation, carried the
queen's crown. In June 1685, he was made colonel of the eleventh
regiment of foot, then first raised, the command of which he re
signed that year to his eldest surviving son, Charles, marquis of
Worcester. — He exerted himself against the Duke of Monmouth,
in 1685; and, in 1688, endeavoured to secure Bristol against the
adherents of the Prince of Orange : upon whose elevation to the
throne, his grace refusing to take the oaths, lived in retirement till
his death, Jan. 21, 1699, in the 70th year of his age. He was bu
ried in Beaufort chapel at Windsor, and a very elegant monument
erected over him, the inscription of which is inserted in Pote's " His
tory of Windsor," p. 38 1 , and Ashmole's " Berkshire," vol . iii. p. 1 62;
having had by Mary his wife, eldest daughter of Arthur, lord Ca
pel, widow of Henry, lord Beauchamp, five sons, and four daughters;
his dutchess died in the eighty -fifth year of her age, Jan. 7, 1714,
and is buried at Badmington.
* See the article of Edward Somerset, marquis of Worcester, in the Intfcrreg-'
num, Class III.

OF ENGLAND. 165

A MARQUIS.
HENRY SOMERSET, marquis of Worcester.
Blooteling sc.
Henry Somerset, marquis and earl of Worcester;
robes ofthe Garter; h. sh.
Henry, marquis of Worcester, (inscribed Earle).
P. Stent ; oval.
Henry Somerset, &c. W. Richardson.
He was afterward created duke of Beaufort. See the above
article.

EARLS.
CHARLES, earl of Derby. A. Blootelingf h.sh.
mezz. The Earl of Derby. Lely p. R. Tompson exc. h. sh.
mezz. Charles, earl of Derby; in an oval. W.Rich
ardson.
Charles Stanley, earl of Derby; in " Noble
Authors," by Park.
Charles Stanley was son of James, earl of Derby, by his coun- Created
tess, grand-daughter to the renowned William, prince of Orange, ^ss.
and not inferior to her great ancestor in spirit and bravery.* In
1642, when his father joined the royal army with a large supply of
* This was the heroine that defended Latham-house in (he civil war.

166 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
men and money, he committed to him the lieutenancy of the coun
ties of Lancaster and Chester, with an injunction to put the king's
commission of array in execution ; which he performed with reso
lution and dispatch, and then entered upon hostilities. This occa
sioned aproclamation to be issued out against him by the parlia
ment, " for murdering, killing, and destroying."* It is observable,
that this was the first proclamation of the kind, after the com
mencement ofthe civil war.f He married Dorothea Helena Rupa, a
German lady ; and dying the 21st of Dec. 1672, was succeeded by
his son, William; who, having no surviving issue male, the, title
descended to his brother, James, the twenty-second earl of Derby,
and the tenth of his family.

JOSCELINE, earl of Northumberland. Lely p.
Browne; h. sh. mezz.
His portrait, by Sir Peter Lely, is at Petworth.
Created Joscelinc Percy, the last earl of Northumberland of that name,
lioT". had issue by his countess, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas, earl of
Southampton, and lord high-treasurer of England, a daughter, who
was named Elizabeth, after her mother. This great heiress was
married, first, to Henry Cavendish, earl of Ogle, son and heir to
Henry, duke of Newcastle, by whom she had no child : she was
next claimed in marriage by Thomas Thynne, esq. of Longleat ;
who was murdered before consummation : and, lastly, was married
to Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset. Josceline, her father, died
at Turin, the 21st of ^ii^y, 1670. After his decease, the earldom
of Northumberland was claimed by James Percy, a trunk-maker,
who pretended to be the next heir-male,- and commenced a suit

* He was then Lord Strange.
t Charles, eighth earl of Derby, was nothing behind his father in loyalty, venturing
his life to restore King Charles the Second. In August, 1659, on'Sir George Booth's
rising in Cheshire, he appeared at the head of divers gentlemen in Lancashire ; but
being defeated, he was taken, before the end of that month, in the habit of a serving
man, and brought prisoner to London, in order to be brought to trial ; but General
Monk soon after declaring for the king he was set at liberty, and in consideration
of his own loyalty and that of his family, he was constituted lord-lieutenant of tha
county of Lancashire, and July 30, 1660, was also constituted lord-lieutenant of the
county of Chester.

1605.

OF ENGLAND. 167
at law in pursuance of his claim ; but it was adjudgetl to be ill
founded.* He was father of Anthony Percy, who was lord mayor
of Dublin in the year 1700.
The Right Honourable the Lord Burghley, earl
of Exeter. P. Lely p. R. Tompson exc. fondling a
greyhound; h. sh. mezz.
The original is in the grand collection at Burghley-house, near
Stamford. John, lord Burghley, fifth earl of Exeter, married Anne, only Created,
daughter of William, earl of Devonshire, and sister to William, duke May 4,
of Devonshire, also widow of Charles, lord Rich, son and heir of
Charles, earl of Warwick, a lady celebrated in one of the first
poems of Mr. Prior, to whom her lord was patron-, it is from
Burghley he dates his ingenious epistle to Fleetwood Shephard, esq.
The Earl of Exeter had by her John, his son and heir ; William
Cecil, of Snape, in the county of York, esq. several times mem
ber for Stamford, as was his brother Charles after him ; and Ed
ward, who all three died unmarried. The latter was at the siege
of Barcelona, A. D. 1706, and died there after raising the siege.
Also four daughters, Christian, Anne, and Frances, who died young;
and Elizabeth, married to Charles Boyle, earl of Orrery in Ireland,
and baron of Marston, in England.
This noble earl had a learned education, and an excellent genius,
for the improvement whereof he travelled twice to Rome, and the
polite parts of Europe ; whereby no person was better adapted to
adorn the court, or fitter for the administration of public affairs.
But his lordship not taking the paths at the revolution in 1688-9,
he lived for the most part in the country, always in great honour
and reputation; affable and pleasing to his friends, bountiful to the
poor, and a constant assertor of the religion and liberties of his
country. His lady was a faithful companion in his travels, and was
present when he died, on August 29, 1700, in his last return from
Rome, in the village of Issy, near Paris ; she survived him three
years, and was buried near him, under a very magnificent and ele
gant monument, brought among other exquisite works from Rome,
» See " The humble Petition of James Percy, Cousin and next Heir-Male of
Josceline, &c." fol.

168 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and erected in the church of St. Martin's, Stamford; whereon is this
inscription, which farther shews how greatly they excelled in what
ever was commendable.
H. S. E.
Johannes Cecil, baro de Burghley, Exonise comes, magni
Burleii abnepos haudquaquam degener. Egregiam' enim indolem
optimus moribus optimus artibus excoluit. Humanioribus lileris
bene instructus, peregre plus vice simplici, profectus est. et ab ex-
cultis Europae regionibus, multam antiquitatum linguarum, necnon
et rerum civilium scientiam reportavit. Cum nemo forte melius
vel aulam ornare, velcurare respublicas posset ; maluit tamen otium
et secessum.
Itaque ruri suo vixit, eleganter, sumptuose, splendide, liberalibus
studiis oblectatus, amicis comis et jucundus, egenis largus, legum
et ecclesise Anglicanse fortis semper propugnator. Suarum virtutum
et perigrinationum, imo fere et scientiarum, sociam habuit uxorem,
Annam ex preenobili domo de Cavendish, Gulielmi comitis Devoniw
filiam, corporis, forma et animi ingenio, et omnibus quae foeminam
decere possent, dotibus insignem : E qua quimque liberos suscepit :
Fcelix conjuge foelix et prole ! sed inter omnia, vitam quae faciunt
beatiorem, mortalitatis hand immemor, dum apud Itulos prsecipua
artis opera curiosus lustrabat, hoc monumentum illic ubi exquisitis-
sime fieri potuit, sibi et charissimas lecti sui, et ilerum et curarum
omnium consorti.
F. F.
Obiit ille, Obit ilia
Aug. 29, 1700. Jun. 18, 1703.
JOHN EGERTON, earl of Bridgewater, 1680.
W. Claret p. large 4to. mezz. There is another
portrait of him, which belongs to the reign of Wi l-
liam III.
John Egerton, second earl of Bridgewater, was sworn of the
privy council on Feb. 13, 1666 ; and though he complied not with
all the counsels of those times, yet he continued a privy-counsellor
' the remaining part of King Charles the Second's reign, as appears
by his being again sworn in 1679, when his majesty dissolved the
old privy council, and constituted a new one ; which circumstance

OF ENGLAND. 169
presents us with some idea of his lordship's character as apatriot;
for if he had not been a popular person, and one that stood up foi
the liberties of the people, they would not so heartily have
acquiesced in his ^appointment, nor would the king. have nomU
nated him as one, had be not known Lt would be acceptable to the
public. In 1667, he was appointed to examine into the application
of the several sums of money granted to his majesty for main
taining of the war against the Dutch ; and was also, in that and
the succeeding reign, lord-lieutenant and custos rot;ulorum of Buck
inghamshire, Lancashire, Northamptonshire, and Hertfordshire,
as also high-steward of the university of Oxford. Sir Henry
Chauncey, who was well acquainted with his lordship, has given
us this memorial of him in his " History of Hertfordshire."
He was a learned man, delighted much in his library, and allowed
free access to all who had any concerns with him. His piety,
devotion in all acts of religion, and firmness to the established
church of England, were very exemplary ; and he had all other
accomplishments of virtue and goodness. He was very temperate
in eating «nd drinking ; but remarkable for hospitality to his neigh
bours, charity to the poor, and liberality to strangers. He was,
complaisant in company, spoke sparingly, but always very perti
nently ; was true to his word, faithful to his friend, loyal to his
prince, wary in council, strict in his justice, and punctual in all his
actions. He lies buried by his lady in the chancel of Gaddesden,
(near his mansion-house of Ashruge) in the county of Hertford,
where, on a monument, is the following inscription :
" Here lies interred
John, earl of Bridgwater, viscount Brackley, baron of Ellesmere,
and one of the lords ofthe privy council, and lieutenant of the
counties of Bucks and Hertford, and custos rotulorum of both, to,
King Charles II. and King James II.' who desired no other memo
rial of him but only this :
" That having (in the 19th year of his age) married the Lady Eli
zabeth Cavendish, daughter to the then earl, since marquis, and
afte,!,; that duke of Newcastle, he did enjoy (almost 22 years) all
the happiness that a man could receive in the sweet society of the
hest of wives, till it pleased God in the 44th year of his age to
change his great felicity into as great misery, by depriving him„of
his truly loving and entirely beloved wife, who was all his worldly
bliss ; after which time humbly submitting to, and waiting on the.
'vol. iv. z

170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
will and pleasure of the Almighty, he did' sorrowfully wear out
23 years, 4 months, and 12 days, and then on the 26th day of
October, in the year of our Lord 1686, and in the 64th year of his
own age, yielded up his soul into the merciful hand of God who
gave it. "Job xiii. 15,
" Though he slay me, yet I will trust in him."
EDWARD RICH, earl of Warwick and Holland.
Wissing p. Smith f (1684) whole length ; large 4to.
Edward Rich, earl of Warwick, &c. W. Rich
ardson.
Created Edward Rich was son of Robert, earl of Warwick, by Anne, his,
1618 2' second wa?"e> daughter of Edward, earl of Manchester. He married
Charlotte, daughter of Sir Thomas. Middleton, of the county of
Denbigh, bart. and by her had one only child, named Edward
Henry,, who succeeded him in 1791. This Edward Henry was, at
the time of his death, which happened in 1721, lord ofthe bed
chamber to George I. As he died unmarried, the earldoms of War
wick and Holland, with their appendages, descended to. Edward,
son of Cope Rich, esq. The latter was son of another Cope, fourth
son to the Earl of Holland, who was beheaded.
The widow ofthe Earl of Warwick, remarried, in 1716, the cele
brated Joseph Addison, who died at Holland-house,, near Kensing
ton, on the 17th of July, 1719.
PHILIP STANHOPE, earl of Chesterfield ; a
small oval. Worlidge sc. \2rno!*
Philip, earl of Chesterfield. E. Bocquetsc. "In
Memoires of Grammont ;" 8vo. 1809.
Created Philip, the second earl of Chesterfield, who; in the early part of
I628i yg, i^fe, resided with his mother, in Holland',' received his education
* This print was done from the original by Lely, and was intended for Mr. Wal-
pole's edition of the *' Memoires de Grammont," where is much mention, of this earL
Lord Harrington has the picture.

OF ENGLAND. 171
with William III. when prince of Orange. He promoted the re
storation of Charles II. who deservedly esteemed him, and in 1662,
appointed him lord-chamberlain to the queen. In 1680, he was
sworn of the privy council. His other civil and military employ
ments, are enumerated in Collins''« " Peerage." He lived tempe
rately, and died calmly, at upwards of eighty years of age, on ithe
28th of January, 1713. He was grandfather to Philip Dormer,
earl of Chesterfield. The character of this great man, which reflects
a lustre upon his family, naturally interests the reader in the per
sonal history of every one that has any relation to it.
His lordiship had three wives ; 1st, Lady Anne Percy, eldest
daughter of Algernon, earl of Northumberland, by whom he hail
one son, Algernon, that died in his infancy; and she d.ying in 1654,
his lordship married, 2dly, Lady Elizabeth- Butler, daughter to
James, duke of Ormond, by whom (she dying in July 1665) he had
issue one son, Henry, that likewise died an infant; and a daughter
Elizabeth, born in 1663, married to John Lyon, fourth earl of
Strathmore, in Scotland ; 3dly, his lordship wedded Lady Eliza
beth Dormer, eldest daughter and coheir to Charles, earl of Caer
narvon, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. Her ladyship
died in 1679. The sons were, 1st, Philip, the third earl of Chester
field; 2nd, Charles, who changed his surname to Wotton, derived
from his grandmother (enjoying the estate of the Wottons, by gift of
his half-uncle, Charles Kirkhoven, lord Wotton, and earl of Bello-
mont), and married Jane, daughter and coheir of Gilbert Thatiker,
of Repton Priory, in the county of Derby,, but deceased without
issue, Feb. 6, 1703-4. His lady was secondly wedded to Thomas
Stanhope, tff Ervaston, esq. but had no issue by him.
Lady Mary, eldest daughter, born in 1664, and died in January,
1703, was the first wife to Thomas Coke, esq. of Melburne, in the
county of Derby.
Lady Catherine, born in 1675, was married to Godfrey Clark, of
Chilpot, in thepounty of Derby, esq. 'She died Dec. 3, 1728.
CHARLES BLOUNT, earl of Newport. P.v.So-
m.e.r; V. Green; whole length ; mezz.
Charles, son of Montjoy, earl of Newport, succeeded his elder
brother George, but died soon after, in 1676, unmarried. The title
became extinct by the death of his brother Henry, in 1681.

172 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN, earl of Rochester. Lely p. R. White sc.
1681 ; sh.
John, earl of Rochester, born April, 1648, died
the 26th of July, 1680. R. White sc. 8vo. Before his
" Life," by Dr. Burnet ; 8vo.
' John, earl of Rochester. Vandergucht sc*
John, earl of Rochester. Thos. Hill ffmxit. J.Smith
fecit. ¦ Altered from Sir John Crisp.
John, earl of Rochester. W. N. Gardiner sc.
John, earl of Rochester. Harding.
John, earl of Rochester. Bocquet ; in " Grdm-
mont," 8vo. 1809.
John Wilmott, earl of Rochester; in "Noble
Authors," by Mr. Park.
John Wilmott, earl of Rochester; crowning his
monkey with a wreath ; from the picture mentioned in
the note ; in Harding's "Biographical Mirrour."
Created John, son of Henry Wilmot, earl of Rochester, held the first
1652. °' rank °f tne men °f w't and pleasure of his age ; and he will ever be
remembered for the extreme licentiousness of his manners and his
writings. He had an elegant person, an easy address, and a quick
ness of understanding and invention almost peculiar to himself;
and, what may now perhaps seem improbable, he had natural mo
desty. He entered, with blushes in his face, into the fashionable
vices of this reign ; but he well knew that even these vices would
recpmmend him, and only be considered as so many graces added
to his character. His strong, and lively parts quickly enabled him
to go far beyond other men in his irregularities ; and he soon .be
came one'of the most daring profligates of his age. He was in a
* There, is a portrait of him at Warwick Castle, crowning his monkey with a
wreath.

OF ENGLAND: 173
continual state of intoxication for several years together;* and the
king, who admired his sallies of wit and humour, was more de
lighted with his company when he was drunk, than with any other
man's when he -was sober. He was ever engaged in some amour
or other, and frequently with women of the lowest order, and the
vilest prostitutes of the town. He would sometimes, upon these
occasions, appear as a beggar, or a porter ; and he as well knew
how to assume the character, as the dress of either. After he had
run the giddy round of his pleasures, his eyes were open to con
viction, and he became the Christian and the penitent. His re
pentance began with remorse and horror, but ended with hope and
consolation. See Class IX.
EDWARD, lord MOUNTAGU, earl of Sandwich.
Lely p. Blooteling sc. collar of the Garter ; h. sh.
Edm^ard, lord Mountagu, earl of Sandwich. Vertue
sc. large 8vo. copied from the next above.
Edward Montagu, &c. E.Bocquet sc. In "Noble
Authors," by Mr. Park.
Earl of Sandwich. W. N. Gardiner sc. 4to.
Edward, earl of Sandwich; leaning on a cannon;
mezz. Dunkarton.
There is a portrait of him by Lely, at Chiswick.
The Earl of Sandwich, who shone in his public character as the Created
general, the admiral, and the statesman, was in private, among his Julv 12>
friends, the open, the candid, and benevolent man. He served
Oliver, whom he regarded as his sovereign, with the same fidelity
as he served Charles II. ; but he could not transfer his allegiance to
Richard, who he knew was horn for a much humbler station than
that of governor of a kingdom. He commanded the fleet that
brought over the king at the restoration, and was his proxy when
he married the infanta. His counsels did honour to the cabinet,
which he never disgraced but once ; and that was by advising the
Dutch war, in which he lost his life. In the battle of Southwold
* " Life," by Burnet, p. 12.

174 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Bay, after he had by his conduct rescued a great ipart of the 'fleet
from the most imminent danger, and given -at the same time the1
most astonishing proofs of his bravery, his ship was surrounded
with flames. He thereupon leaped into the sea, where he unfor
tunately perished, on the 28th of May, 1672. Several of his letters
and negotiations arean print, Mr. Evelyn informs us, that he some
times amused himself with engraving.*
Some have been of opinion, that this valiant Earl of Sandwich
could not «asily have avoided being taken, had he gone into the
long-boat ; and that he supposed his being carried, as it were in
triumph, into Holland, might be a lessening to his own or his coun
try's honour. — When he saw Sir Joseph Jordan (who might have
relieved him) sail past him, he declared to those about him, that,
if they were not relieved, tbey must fight it out to the last man;
and some have imagined, that after such a declaration, he thought
himself engaged to be the last man himself.
Whatever his reason was for sacrificing his life, he was so far
from seeming desirous to part with it any sooner than his honour
or his duty obliged him, that he used his utmost endeavours to save
the ship ; but when the fire had taken hold of her to such a degree
that no hopes remained of saving her, he ordered his first captain,
Sir Richard Haddock, and the rest of the officers, and even his own
servants, to use their best endeavours to save themselves, and to
take no care of him ; so that he remained in the ship alone.
Gerard Brandt (a Dutchman), whose partiality often carrieshim
beyond the truth in favour of his own countrymen, acknowledges,
in his life of De Ruyter, that the squadron of Van Ghent entering
into the action, several men of war fell upon the earl ; that,- however,
he continued to maintain himself, and give the last proofs ef aa un
fortunate valour till noon, when a fire-ship took hold of his ship. —
" Such (says Brandt) was the end of this earl, who was vice-admiral
of England, valiant, intelligent, prudent, civil, obliging in his words
and deeds ; who had performed great services to his king, not only
in war, but also in affairs of state and in his embassies."
John, duke of Buckingham, who was present in this action, then
a declared friend to the Duke of York, and never of that party which
the, earl was supposed to favour, during the whole course of his life,
writes of him in these words : ." Yet the enemy had no success to
boast of, except the burning our Royal James ; which, having on
* " Sculplura," third edit. p. 115.

OF ENGLAND. 175
board, her not only a thousand of our best men, but the Earl of
Sandwich himself, vice-admiral of England, was enough almost to
style it a victory on their side ; since his merit, as to sea affairs,
was most extraordinary in all kinds."
Bishop Parker, who was as zealously ofthe Duke of York's party,
writes thus in his History of his Own Times: " Sandwich having
sadly shattered seven of their ships, and beat off three fire-ships,
at length, being overpowered with numbers, fell a sacrifice for his
country. A gentleman adorned with all the virtues of Alcibiades,
and untainted by any of his vices ; of high birth, capable of any
business, full of wisdom, a great commander at sea and land, and
also learned and eloquent, affable, liberal, and magnificent."
It was supposed by many, but unjustly, that the Duke of York
did not support him as he might have done towards the beginning
of the action ; and agreed by all, that Sir Joseph Jordan, the earl's
vice-admiral, might have disengaged him. Nevertheless, the loss
of the earl occasioned great reflections on the duke ; and, in the
parliament which met at Westminster in October, 1680, when the
exclusion-bill was in debate, some members, actuated by party rage,
openly charged him in the House of Commons with the loss of the
Earl of Sandwich.
EDWARD, lord MONTAGU, viscount Hinch-
ingbrook, baron of St. Neot's, earl of Sandwich.
Lely p. Blooteling sc. half length ; h.sh. This print
has been mistaken for the portrait of the first earl, whom
it resembles. Edward Montagu, &c. a circle ; mezz. P. Lely;
rare.
Edward, second earl of Sandwich, son of the former, succeeded
his father in hishonoursand estate. He died in February, 1688-9,
in the prime of life; He married Anne,, fourth daughter of Richard
Boyle, earl of Burlington,, by whom he had two sons and a daugh
ter, who survived him.-
There is a print, inscribed, " Edvardo Montague,
Conte di Sandwich," &c. but it is totally unlike both the
father and the son.

176 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ARTHUR, earl of Essex. Lely p. Lutterelf. 4to.
mezz. Le Compte d'EssEX. Lely p. B.Picart sc. dir.
Arthur, earl of Essex, murdered July the 13th,
1683. Savage sc. In a large half sheet, with seven others:
Arthur, earl of Essex. V. Hove, to an account of
his murder ; 1690.
Created Arthur Capel, earl of Essex, was son of Arthur,- lord Capel, who
?fi*MPri'' was beheaded. He was a man of resolution and ability, and gained
great reputation by asserting the honour .of the British flag, when
he was sent to Denmark. His spirited behaviour on this occasion
recommended him greatly to the king, who, on his return, made
him a privy-counsellor, and appointed him lord-lieutenant of Ire*
land. He acted with singular prudence and integrity in the
government of a country which had not perfectly recovered its
stability, after the shocks and convulsions of a civil war, and where
petty factions and jarring interests continually called for- .the
exertion of his abilities. He was particularly careful to exculpate
his character from false accusations, saying, that he "would rather
suffer himself to be made a pack-horse, than bear other men's
faults."* He was afterward one of the leading members of the
House of Lords ; and was, upon the disgrace of the Lord-treasurer
Danby, of whom he was an avowed opppnent, appointed one of
the new privy council, and first commissioner of the Treasury.
About this time, the nation was as much intoxicated with faction,
as it had been with loyalty at the restoration; and he was named
as one of the accomplices in the Meal-Tub Plot. Upon this he
threw up his place in disgust, and sided with the Duke of Mon
mouth and the Earl of Shaftesbury, though he was one. of the prin
cipal persons who had contributed to their disgrace. He was after-.
ward accused as one of the conspirators in the Rye-House Plot,
and committed to the Tower. He was found there. not long after,
with his throat cut in the most horrid manner-. As he had been an
advocate for suieide, and was subject to the spleen,f it was sup
posed by some that he had laid violent hands upon himself:' others,
* See his " Letters,'' p. 245. t Burnet.

OF ENGLAND. 177
with less probability, supposed that he was murdered by his own
servant; and others, with least of all, that he was killed by an
assassin sent by the Duke of York, who, together with the king,
was seen at the Tower the same morning on which the murder was
perpetrated. Ob. 13 July, 1683.*
Bishop Burnet recites, that a party of horse was sent to bring him
up from his seat in Hertfordshire, where he had been for some time,
and seemed so little apprehensive of danger, that his lady did not
imagine he had any concern on his mind. He was offered to be
conveyed away, but he would not stir. His tenderness for Lord
Russell was the cause of this ; thinking his absconding might incline
the jury to believe the evidence the more.
Sir Henry Chauncy, in his History of Hertfordshire, says, he was
a person of an agreeable stature, slender in body, adorned with a
comely countenance, mixed with gravity and sweetness, and was
easy of access : his mind was sedate, but his discourses were gene
rally free and pleasant, and his demeanour very complaisant ; his
promises were real and sincere ; his reprimands smart and inge
nious, having a quick apprehension, good elocution, sound judg
ment, great courage, and resolution unalterable; he was always
wary and circumspect in council, where he endeavoured to obstruct
all arbitrary power, and the increase of the Popish interest, having
a particular regard for the established religion of his country ; he
was very temperate in his diet, strict in his justice, tender of his
honour, and constant to his friend ; he delighted much in his library,
which enabled him to speak on all occasions with great applause,
* See more of him in his " Letters,'' wjth his life prefixed, published in a quarto
volume, 1770. These " Letters" are written in the plain and clear style of an expert
and able man of business. It should be observed, lhat the above character is coin
cident with that given by Bishop Burnet, and should be admitted with caution,
particularly in what relates to his death. His biographer endeavours to invalidate
the charge of suicide brought against him, telling us, that, "he was a nobleman of
most virtuous and religious principles, and of the greatest sedateness of mind."t
He says, that " it was then, and hathsirice been thought, that he was murdered by
Paul Bomeney, a French servant, who attended liim."$ He adds, that Borneney
was strongly suspected to have been prompted to this act by the Earl of Suther
land and Lord Feversham, and by the contrivance and direction of the Duke : that
Bomeney, in consequence of this suspicion, was dismissed from the Earl's family,
and " thereupon cherished and entertained by the court, and made one of the life-
guards."§ t " Life," p. xiii. notes.. } Ibid. p. xi. § Ibid. p. xv. notes.
VOL. IV. 2 A

178 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and would 'spend his vacant hours in the viewitig of records, and
learning of the mathematics. These were his diversions, together
with recreating himself in his fine gardens and pleasant groves at
Cashiobury, which were of his own plantation.
The Earl of Essex married Elizabeth, daughter of Algernon Percy,
earl of Northumberland ; which -lady was interred in the vault of
the family in Watford church, near her husband, Feb. 5, 1717-18.:
They had issue six sons, Algernon, Charles, Arthur, Henry, Alger-,
non, and Arthur ; also two daughters, Elizabeth and Anne : whereof
only the last Algernon and Anne lived to maturity. The said Anne
was married to Charles Howard, third earl of Carlisle ; she died his
widow, Oct. 14, 1752, aged 78, and was buried at Watford.
ROBERT SPENCER, earl of Sunderland ; from
an original picture by Carlo Marratti; in the collection
qf Earl Spencer. In the "Royal and Noble Authors,"
by Park.
Robert, the only son and heir of Henry, first earl of Sunderland,
by Dorothy Sidney, the Sacharissa of Waller, possessed a manly.
disposition and ready parts. Having travelled abroad, he was ap
pointed ambassador extraordinary to the court of Spain, and after
ward created secretary of state along with Sir William Temple.
Soon after the accession of James the Second, he was made presi
dent of the council, and one ofthe commissioners for ecclesiastical
affairs, in which office he is said to have made a step to popery,
without any previous instructions; so that the change looked like
that of a man who, having no religion, took up one rather to serve a
turn, than because he was truly a convert. He was afterward in
great favour with William III. and gained such an ascendancy over
the king, that he brought him to agree to some things, which few
expected he would have yielded to ; but falling subsequently into
some discredit at court, for his supposed opposition to a standing
army, he resigned, and retired to his seat at Althorpe. Ob. 1702.
See "Royal and Noble Authors," by Park.
ARTHUR ANNESLEY, earl of Anglesey. Bocquet
sc. From a drawing in the collection of R. Bull, Esq.
in " Royal and Noble Authors," by-Mr. Park.

OF ENGLAND, 179
Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey ; a small oval.
Thane exc.
Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey. Harding
sc. 8vo.
Arthur Annesley, was, in 1661, created by Charles II. an English
peer, by the titles of Baron Annesley, and Earl of Anglesey. He
was remarkable for his loyalty to that prince, to whom he strictly
adhered during the time of his exile ; and upon all occasions en
deavoured to promote his interest at the hazard of his own life and
fortune ; wherefore the honours he. obtained from his majesty after
the restoration, it may be presumed, were duly merited by his ser
vices.* He was treasurer of the navy, a commissioner for settling
the Irish affairs, lord privy-seal, and might, we are informed, have
been prime minister, if he had not declined it to avoid envy. As
he declined no other power, under no kind of government, this anec
dote seems suspicious, and we should much question, whether any
man declined being prime minister for that reason.
This nobleman is famous for a controversy with James Tuchet,
earl of Castlehaven ; but drawing on another with the Duke of
Ormond, he was disgraced ; though the author of his life, in the
Biographia Britannica, ascribes the Cause of his fall to a remon
strance which he presented to the king; wherein he took too much
liberty with his majesty, and greater with the religion of the Duke
of York.
He is mentioned by Walpole, in the " Noble Authors," as having
made various publications, and is imagined to have digested Whit-
lock's Memoirs. He passed the latter part of his time in retire
ment ; and died at his house in Drury-lane, in 1636, just as some
thought he would have been appointed lord -chancellor to King
James II.
By Elizabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir James Altham,
of the county of Hertford, knight, he had surviving .five sons :
James Altham, who was created an Irish peer, by the title of Baron
* While a private young man he was engaged on the side of Charles I. whose.
party he quitted for that of the parliament. Wood says, he,took both the covenant
and engagement > but the latter is contradicted in the Biographia Britannica.
Certain, however, it is, that during the protectorate of Cromwell, he was not trusted
by the rump or the army.

1661.

180 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
.Altham, with limitation of that honour to his younger brothers,
Richard, Arthur, arid Charles, anno 1680. Also six daughters,
whereof Dorothy married B.ichard, earl of Tyrone ; Elizabeth, to
Alexander M'Donnel, second son to the Earl of Antrim ; Frances,
first to William Wyndham, of Felbrigge, esquire; and secondly,
John Thompson, lord Haversham ; Philippa, first to Charles, lord
Mohun; and secondly, Thomas Coward, esquire, serjeant at law;
Anne to  Baker, esquire ; and Bridget, who died young.
CHARLES, earl of Carlisle.. Faithorne f 8vo.
Charles, earl of Carlisle; in Guillims "Heraldry;"
Blooteling.
Created Charles Howard, earl of Carlisle, had a considerable share in
April 20, the Restoration ; and was,' in his capacity of a public minister, well
qualified to do honour to the king his master, and himself. In
1663, he was sent ambassador to the czar of Muscovy, to recover
the privileges of the Russian company. He met with no success
in this embassy ; but, on the contrary, was treated with disregard,
and even indignity, which he resented with a proper spirit. He
afterward went in quality of ambassador to Sweden and Denmark,
to cultivate the alliance with these kingdoms. There is an account
Of the three embassies in print, with the earl's portrait prefixed.
This book contains many curious remarks upon the countries
through which he passed.* He was afterwards appointed governor
of Jamaica. He died, according to Heylin, in 1684; according to
others, in 1686.
He was interred in the minster ofthe cathedral at York; where,
on a monumental pillar of white marble, under his effigies, is the
following inscription :•
" Near this place is interred
Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle,
Viscount Morpeth, Baron Dacres of Gillesland,
Lord-lieutenant of Cumberland and Westmorland,
Vice-Admiral of the coasts of Northumberland,
Cumberland, Bishoprick of Durham, town and
County of Newcastle, and maritime parts adjacent,
* It is rcprintedtn Harris's " Voyages."

OF ENGLAND. 181
Governor of Jamaica, Privy-counsellor
To King Charles the Second, and his Ambassador
Extraordinary to the Czar of Muscovy,
And the Kings of Sweden and Denmark,
In the years MDCLXIII and MDCLXIV ;
Whose effigies is placed at the tcp of this monument.
He was not more distinguished by the
Nobility and antiquity of his family,
Than he was by the sweetness and affability
Of a natural charming temper,
Which being improved by the peculiar
Ornament of solid greatness,
Courage, Justice, generosity, and a public spirit,
Made him a great bessing
To the age and nation wherein he lived.
In business he was sagacious and diligent,
And in war circumspect, steady, and intrepid.
In council, wise and penetrating.
And though his character may secure him
A place in the annals of fame,
Yet the filial piety of a daughter*
May be allowed to dedicate
This monumental pillar to his memory,
Obiit xxiv. Feb. 1684, iEtat. 56."
His lordship married Anne, daughter to Edward, lord Howard,
of Escrick, who, surviving him, died in December 1696, having
had three sons, Edward, who succeeded as second Earl of Carlisle,
Frederick Christian, who was born at Copenhagen, in Denmark,
Nov. 5, 1664; and being slain at the siege of Luxemburgh, was
buried in Westminster-abbey ; and Charles, who died young : also
three daughters, Lady Mary, who died Oct. 27, 1708, and was
buried in York Minster, married to Sir John Fenwick, of Wallington,
in the county of Northumberland, bart. ; Lady Anne, to Sir Richard
Graham, of Netherby, in the county of Cumberland, bart. afterward
Viscount Preston, of the kingdom of Scotland ; and Catherine, who
was buried in Westminster-abbey Oct. 11, 1684, unmarried.
"WILLIAM, earl of Craven ; in armour ; long wig ;
half length. In Guillim's " Heraldry ;" fol.
* Lady Mary Fenwick.

182 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Created The Earl of Craven was colonel of the Coldstream regiment of
1664 '' 16' foot-guards, and one of the privy-council to Charles II. He is said
to have been secretly married to the queen of Bohemia, the king's
aunt. It is certain that he was much in her favour and confidence.
The Duke of Albemarle and this lord continued in London, and
prevented much mischief during the pestilence.
Having been a great sufferer in the royal cause, King Charles
the Second, on his restoration, taking into consideration his losses
in his service, created him an earl, and in 1670, on the death of
George, duke of Albemarle, constituted him colonel of the regi
ment of foot-guards, called the Coldstream regiment; likewise lord-
lieutenant of the county of Middlesex, and of the borough of South
wark; and June 30, 1660, custos rottilorum of Berkshire. He
was also high-steward of the university of Cambridge, one of the
governors of. the Charter-house, and one of the lords proprietors
of the province of Carolina in North America.
The Earl of Craven continued in the esteem of King Charles II.
during the whole course of his reign;' and Elizabeth, Queen of Bo
hemia, the king's aunt, committed all her affairs to his lordship.
When King James II. came to the crown, his lordship attended at
his coronation, April 23, 1685, and for some time was in his favour,
and was sworn of his privy-council ; but at length having intimation,
that the king, 'would be pleased with the resignation of his com
mission, he said, " If they took away his regiment, they had as
good take away his life, since he had nothing else to divert himself
with." Upon which he was allowed to keep the regiment.
But on King William's accession to the crown, the earl's said
regiment was bestowed on General Thomas Talmash; and John
Holies, earl of Clare, afterward Duke of Newcastle, was consti
tuted lord-lieutenant of the county of Middlesex. However, his
lordship, to the time of his death, though divested of every office
dependant on the crown, was ever ready to serve the public, and
was particularly famous for giving directions in extinguishing fires
in the city of London and suburbs ; of which he had so early in
telligence, and was so ready to assist with' his presence, that it
became a common saying, " His horse smelt a -fire as soon as it
happened." The Earl of Craven, in his younger days, was one of the most
accomplished gentlemen in Europe;^ a,, useful subject, charitable,
abstemious ag to himself, generous to others, familiar in his con
versation, and universally beloved. He died unmarried, April 9,

, OF ENGLAND. 183
1697, aged 88 years and 10 months, and was buried at Binley,
near Coventry, April 20, following.
Whereupon the dignity of Lord Craven of Hampsted Marshall,
according to the entail, devolved on William, son and heir of Sir
William Craven; which Sir William Craven, born August 26, 1638,
was the eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas Craven, of Appletree-
wick, in Craven, brother to Sir William Craven of Lenchwike, and
Sir Anthony Craven, sons of Robert Craven of Appletree-wick, son
and heir of Henry Craven of the same place, elder brother of Wil
liam Craven, grandfather of William, earl of Craven.
RICHARD SACKVILLE, fifth earl of Dorset.
Bocquet sc. In the " Royal and Noble Authors," by
Park.
Richard, fifth earl of Dorset, born in Dorset-house, Sept. 16,
1622, and was elected for the borough of East-Grinsted to that par
liament begun at Westminster, November 3, 1640, bearing the title
of Lord Buekhurst, and was in the list of those who were reproached
for being Straffbrdians, being one of the fifty-nine who voted against
the attainder ofthe Earl of Strafford. His lordship succeeded his
father in 1652, and on the meeting ofthe House of Lords, in 1660
(after being laid aside by Cromwell), the Earl of Dorset was ad
mitted, with other noble peers, who having, succeeded to the honours
of their fathers, had never sat in the house. He was before this in
credit with other nobles, who meant to restore the royal family,
monarchy, and episcopacy ; and, on taking his place in the house,
was at tbe head of all affairs in that critical time, when the Lords
•concurred with General Monk, and had a great share in the happy
settlement ofthe kingdom. On their first assembling, they sent a
message to the general, " That they would employ their councils
and utmost endeavours with him, for the procuring a safe and well-
grounded peace/'
April 26, 1660, the Earl of Dorset was one of the peers ap
pointed to frame an ordinance, for constituting a committee of
safety of both houses, and report the same to the house. The day
after, they Ordered a conference with the House of Commons, to
consider of some ways and means to make up the breaches and distrac
tions ofthe kingdom; and, appointing a eommittee to consider of the
privileges of their own house, the Earl of Dorset was chosen chair-
,man of that committee.

184 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
On May 1, they ordered the Earl of Dorset and five other lords,
or any four, to meet every Saturday in the afternoon, as a com
mittee to peruse and perfect the journal-book of their house, once
a-week. And it appears by the journals, that the Earl of Dorset
was also chairman for settling the militia ; and chairman of the
committee for the king's reception, and of several other committees.
On May*2, it was ordered, that the statues ofthe late king's majesty
be again set up in all the places from whence the same were pulled
down, and that the arms of the commonwealth be demolished
wherever they are, and the king's arms set up in their room ; and
that the king's majesty be publicly prayed for by all ministers in
their churches ; and that some place be considered of, where
General Monk's statue shall be, set up. All which particulars were
referred to the committee of privileges (whereof the Earl of Dorset
was chairman), to consider and make report to the house. On
May 4, the Earl of Dorset reported from the Lords the judgment
given in the house against the Earl of Northampton, and others,
in July, 1642 ; on which it was ordered, that the Earl of Lincoln,
the Earl of Dorset, the Viscount Say and Sele, and the Lord Craven;
do presently meet, and draw up an order to repel the said judg
ment, and report the same to" the house presently ; and the Lord
Chief-baron Wild to assist their lordships. Thereupon the same
day the Earl of Dorset reported the draught of an order, concern
ing the nine impeached lords, which was read, and approved of by
the house as follows.
" Whereas upon Wednesday the 20th of July, 1642, it was by
the Lords, then assembled in parliament, awarded and adjudged in
these words following : That is to say, that Spencer, earl of North
ampton ; William, earl of Devonshire; Henry, earl of Dover;
Henry, earl of Monmouth; Charles, lord Howard of Charlton;
Robert, lord Rich ; Charles, lord Grey of Ruthen ; Thomas, lord
Coventry, and Arthur, lord Capel, shall not sit and vote in the
Lords' house, during this present parliament. 2. That they shall
not enjoy the privilege of parliament. 3. That they shall stand
committed to the Tower, during the pleasure of this house, with
other matters therein contained, as by the said judgment and award
remaining on record may appear. Now upon serious debates and
considerations, had by the Lords now assembled in parliament, of
the said judgment or award, and of the matters and things therein
contained ; they do declare, ordain, and adjudge the said judgment
or award, and every matter therein, shall be repealed, annulled,
and made void, &c.

OF ENGLAND. 185
On May 8, they appointed a committee to consider of all things
for the reception of the king, in such a manner as may be most for
his honour and expedition of his coming, of which the Earl of
Dorset was chosen chairman ; and sent a message to the Com
mons to join a proportionate number of their House to them, to meet
and agree, in what manner his majesty's reception in England may
be most for his honour. The next day the Earl of Dorset reported
from the committee of privileges, " That their lordships think fit
for the peers of this kingdom, to assess themselves with horse and
arms for the militia, and not to be rated and assessed by the com
missioners of the county," which was accordingly ordered by the
house. The same day he reported from another committee, an
ordinance for constituting a committee of both houses of parliament, for
managing the great affairs of the kingdom, and settling the militia for
the safety thereof, which was read twice and recommitted. Also a
committee being then appointed to receive information where any of
the king's goods, jewels, or pictures are, and to advise of some
course how the same may be restored to his majesty, he was chosen
chairman thereof : and on the 12th of May, ordered that all persons
possessed of any of the king's goods, jewels, or pictures, shall bring
them in to the committee within seven days, on forfeiture of all such
goods, &c. and that this order be forthwith printed and published.
May 15, the Earl of Dorset reported from the committee, for the
king's reception, " That they yesterday had before them several of
the king's servants, and Sir Robert Fenn, and Sir Henry Wood,
clerk of the green-cloth, Mr. Kennersley, of the wardrobe; Mr.
Armory, of the stable, and Mr. Jackson, clerk of the kitchen, gave
in their estimates, viz. £. s. d. ¦
For necessaries for the king's present reception, as 7 oqqq 0 0
silver plates of all sorts and sizes . . . . J
For table-linen of all sorts  300 0 0
For a week's diet, at 50/. per diem  350 0 0
For coaches and stables  2950 0 0
For furnishing his majesty's bed-chamber . . . 1801 19 0
For repairing the mews  1000 0 0
Somerset-house estimated at . . . . . . . 500 0 0
The crown and sceptre, besides robes .... 900 0 0
In all £14,501 19 0
Which report was confirmed.
vol. iv. 2 b

L8© BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
May the 29th, the Lords went, as a house, to wait on his majesty
at Whitehall; and the next day the Earl of Manchester, the
Speaker, acquainting them, that the Duke of York, and the Duke of
Gloucester, commanded him to return thanks for their lordships'
civility to them, and to signify their desire to come and sit in the
house as members : and that places may be provided for them,
the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Dorset, and the Earl of
Bridgewater, were named to attend immediately his majesty, and
acquaint him, that there being no precedents that shew where
their proper places are, they desire his majesty will please to
consult with what persons he pleases herein, and then to deter
mine the place himself; and their lordships were to acquaint
the Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester with his majesty's
answer. Whereupon, on their return, the Earl of Northumberland re
ported, " That his majesty said, he conceived that the seat on the
right hand of the state, where the king of Scots anciently used to
sit, will be of no more use now, seeing that title is involved in his
majesty. And his majesty said, he himself sat in that seat as Prince
of Wales, therefore desired that place may be reserved for the
Prince of Wales, and that the seats on the left-hand of the state
may be fitted up speedily for his brothers, the Duke of York and
Duke of Gloucester. And accordingly the House gave directions
to have it done."
, July 30, 1660, he was, jointly with Thomas earl of Berkshire,
constituted lord-lieutenant of Middlesex, and city of Westminster ;
and in October, the same year, he was commissioned with other
lords, for the trials of the regicides of King Charles I. At the
coronation of Charles II. April 23, 1 66 1 , he was appointed sewer of
England for that day, and had the Earl of Chesterfield his assistant.
On November 3,. 1661, he was admitted, with his Royal Highness
the Duke of York, into the. Society ofthe Inner Temple.
On July 15, .1670, he was constituted jointly with Charles, lord
Buekhurst, his son, lord- lieutenant of the county of Sussex, and
custos rotulorum thereof. The Earl of Dorset died August 27,
1677. In his. private capacity, he was an indulgent husband, a
tender father, and a generous friend.
He had to wife the. Lady Frances, daughter to Lionel Cranfield,
first earl of Middlesex, and at length heir to Lionel, third earl of
Middlesex, her brother. By this lady he had issue seven sons, and
six daughters : 1. Charles, who succeeded him in his honours and

OF ENGLAND. 187
estates; 2. Edward, who was born April 2, 1641, and died un
married in the year 1678 ; 3. Lionel, born June 25, 1645, and died
July 21, following; 4. Richard, born April 30, 1646, and died in
the year 1712; 5. a second Lionel, born Oct. 25, 1656, and died
young; 6. Cranfield, born Dec. 18, 1660, and died Jan. 1, follow
ing ; 7. Thomas, born Feb. 3, 1662, and died Aug. 14, 1675. The
six daughters were, the Ladies Elizabeth, Anne, and Catharine,
who all died young; Lady Mary, born Feb. 4, 1646, married Roger
Boyle, lord Broghill, son and heir of Roger, first earl of Orrery ;
Lady Anne, born June 7, 1650, married Alexander, fourth earl of
Hume, in Scotland; Lady Frances, born Feb. 6, 1655, married
Dec, 1 1, 1683, Sir George Lane, of Tuske, in the county of Ros
common, knt. and bart. and then principal secretary of state, and of
the privy council to Charles II. in Ireland, and afterward created
Lord Viscount Lanesborough.

Don CARLO, earl of Plymouth. J.Smith exc. h.sh.
mezz.
Charles Fitzroy, earl of Plymouth, commonly called Don Carlos, Created
was a natural, son of Charles II. by Mrs. Catherine Peg,* daughter ^U'J,29,
of Thomas Peg, of the county of Derby, esq. This young noble
man, who inherited his mother's beauty, died at Tangier, Oct. 17,
1680. He married Bridget, daughter of the lord-treasurer Danby,
who was afterwards married to Dr. Bisse, late bishop of Hereford.

CHARLES BEAUCLAIRE, earl of Burford; and Created
JAMES, lord BEA UCLAIRE, his brother. White sc. wTe.27'
whole lengths ; h.sh. In Guillim's "Heraldry;' fol.
There are two beautiful anonymous prints, engraved
by A. Blooteling, of these brothers ; the elder is in a bon
net; the younger, in a cap and feather. The authenticity
of these heads hath been questioned ; but upon a strict
examination, I have no doubt concerning them.
* She is sometimes called Green, as she afterward married Sir Edward Green,
of Essex, baronet. See " Fast. Oxon." ii. col. 135.

188 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
. The Earl of Burford and Lord Beauclaire were natural sons of
Charles II. by Mrs. Gwynn. There is a picture of Mrs. Gwynn
and her two sons at Welbeck. It is said, that before the Duke of
St. Alban's was ennobled, his mother, calling to him in the king's
presence, said, " Come hither, y.ou little bastard :" which the king
in a genfle manner reproved her for : she told him that. she had no
better name to call him by. He was soon after created Baron of
Hedington, and Earl of Burford, both in the cpunty of Oxford ; and
to the heirs male of his body, with remainder, for default of such
issue to his brother James, lord Beauclaire, and the heirs male
of his body ; which James died in France, about Michaelmas, in
the year 1680, unmarried. Charles, earl of Burford, was also farther
advanced to the dignity of duke of St. Alban's, by letters patent
dated Jan. 10, 1683-4, and was constituted registrar of the high
court of chancery, as also master-falconer of England, with re->
mainder to the heirs male of his body.
In the reign of James II. his grace had a regiment of horse;
•which, being under the command of his lieutenant-colonel, Lang
ston, was among the first that went over to the Prince of Orange,
on his landing in the West. His grace at that time was with the
emperor's army in Hungary, having been at the siege of Belgrade,
where he gained great honour in the general assault, on Septem.:
ber 6, 1688. Being of full age, he was introduced into the House
of Peers, Sept. 26, 1692, and the year after made the campaign
under King William, arriving in the camp at Park, near Louvain,
in June, 1693. Returning with King William into England, he
was sworn captain of the band of pensioners, Nov. 30, 1693, and
served in the campaign of 1 695,
In 1697, the King of France acquainting his majesty with the
Duke of Burgundy's marriage, he was pleased at Kensington,
Dec. 21, to appoint his grace, then one of the lords of the bed
chamber, to return the compliment of the French King and the
Dauphin. Queen Anne continued his grace captain of the band of pen
sioners, and, at the head of them, he closed the procession, Sept. 7,
1704, on her majesty's going to St. Paul's on the thanksgiving-day
for the glorious victory obtained at Blenheim, or Hockstet, on
August 13, that year. On the change of the ministry, in 1710, his
grace resigned his place of captain of the band of pensioners ; but
George I. on his accession to the throne, re-instated him in that
post; and constituted him, Nov. 12, 1714, lord-lieutenant, and

OF ENGLAND. 189
custos rotulorum of Berkshire; and March 31, 1718, he was
elected one ofthe knights companions of the most noble order of
the Garter, and installed at Windsor, on April 30, following.
The Duke of St. Alban's died May 1 1 , 1726, in the fifty-sixth
year of his age ; at which time, besides the offices before mentioned,
he enjoyed those of high-steward of Windsor and Oakingham, in
Berkshire. He married April 13, 1694, the Lady Diana Vere,
daughter, and at length, sole heir of Aubrey de Vere, the twentieth
and last earl of Oxford, of that noble family, whereof Alberick,
their direct ancestor, is mentioned in doomsday-book to be an
earl in the reign of King Edward the Confessor. She was first lady
of the bed-chamber, and lady of the stole, to Queen Caroline,
when princess of Wales. His grace by her (who survived him till
Jan. 15, 1741-2) left eight son's, of whom Charles, the eldest, suc
ceeded his grace as second duke of St. Alban's.
ROBERT, earl of Yarmouth, &c. lord-lieutenant
and vice-admiral of the county of Norfolk. P. Van-
drebanc sc. large sh.
This print gives a just idea of his person, which, in the latter part
of his life, was unwieldly from irnmoderate fatness, to which his
father was much inclined.
Robert, earl of Yarmouth. E.Lutterel p. Lloyd
exc. 1682 ; mezz.
Robert, earl of Yarmouth ; copied from Vandre-
banc. B. Reading sc. 8vo.
Robert, earl of Yarmouth, son of Sir William Paston, of Oxnead, Creai
in Norfolk, by Catharine, daughter of Robert Bertie, earl of Lind- ^g
sey, possessed many virtues as well as ornamental and amiable
qualities, and was one of the most learned and polite among the
nobility. He was so zealous a cavalier, that he, in his father's life
time, distressed himself to supply Charles II. with money in his
exile. He. was so devoted to the court, that he was threatened with
an impeachment by the popular party, though they had nothing
material to lay to his charge, and no man was more capable
of defending himself to advantage. About eight years before his

190 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
death, he was attacked by several ruffians, who shot five bullets
into his coach, and one into his body. He had such a sense of his
providential escape, that he solemnly kept an anniversary thanks-?
giving upon that day to the end of his life. He was exemplary in
the duties of religion, and expressed a strong sense of it at the
approach of death. He died on the 8th of March, 1682, aged
51 years, and was buried at Oxnead.

GEORGE BERKELEY, earl of Berkeley; in his
robes, h. sh. (Loggan).
George, earl of Berkeley. Bocquet sc. In "Noble
Authors," by Mr. Park.
George, earl of Berkeley. W. N. Gardiner.
George, earl of Berkeley, descended in a direct line from Robert
Fitzharding, who was of the royal house of Denmark, became at
the death of his father, in 1658, 13th Lord Berkeley, and having
greatly manifested his loyalty to King Charles II. in order to his
restoration, as well as afterward, by divers eminent services, was
advanced to the title of Viscount Dursley, as also to the degree of
an earl, by the title of Earl of Berkeley, Sept. 11, 1679, having
been sworn of his majesty's most honourable privy-council, July 17,
1678. His lordship was, by King James II. made custos rotulorum of
the county of Gloucester, in Feb. 1684-5, and on July 21, 1685,
was also sworn of his privy-council. At that mornarch's first
withdrawing himself, on Dec. 10, 1680, he was one of the lords
who met at Guildhall, next day, and having sent for the lord
mayor, and aldermen, subscribed to ' a declaration, "That they
would assist his highness the Prince of Orange, in obtaining a free
parliament, wherein our laws, liberties, and properties may be
secured ; the church of England in particular, with a due liberty,
to Protestant dissenters ; and in general, the Protestant religion
over the whole world may be supported and encouraged, &c." At
the accession of William and Mary, he was appointed one of their
privy-council; and July 27, 1689, constituted custos rotulorum of
the county of Surrey,

OF ENGLAND. 191
He bestowed upon Sion College a very valuable library, which
was collected by Sir Robert Coke ;* and was author of a little
book, valuable for its merit as well as its rarity, entitled " Histo-'
rical Applications, and occasional Meditations upon several Sub
jects, written by a person of Honour," 1670 ; 12mo.f In this book
aire several striking instances of the testimony which some men
of eminence have borne to the importance of religious life, and the
consolation to be received from it, especially at the approach of
death.}. Ob. 1698.
This noble earl was buried at Cranford, in Middlesex, where a
monument is erected to his memory with this inscription :
" Here lyeth the body of George, earl of Berkeley, Viscount
Dursley, Baron of Berkeley, Mowbray, Seagrave, and Bruce, who
had the honour to be a privy-counsellor to K. Charles II. and
K. James ; eminent for his affability, charity, and generosity. He
married Elizabeth, one of the coheiresses of John Massing--
beard, esq. of the family of the Massingbeards, in Lincolnshire.
He departed this life the 14th of October, 1698, Mt. 71, in hopes
of a blessed resurrection ; for the merciful shall obtain mercy.''

VISCOUNTS, &c.
THOMAS BELLASYSE, lord viscount Faucon-
berg, &c. Maria Beale p. A. Blooteling sc. 1676 ; large
h.sh. scarce and fine.
Thomas Belasyse, (Bellasyse, or Bellasis),
viscount Falconberg. White sc. h. sh. In Guillim's
"Heraldry" * There is a printed catalogue of the books belonging to this college.
t Fenton, in his " Observations on Waller's Poem," to the author of " Historical
applications," &c. says, " He was a person of strict virtue and piety; and of such
an undistinguishing affability to men of all ranks and parties, that I have been told
Mr. Wycheriy strained his character into that of Lord Plausible in the "Plain
Dealer." The founder of this noble family is said to have been a younger son to
one of the Danish kings, who attended the Duke of Normandy, and settled in
England after the Conquest."
% I bad seen this book, but did not know who wrote it, before the publication of
the second edition ofthe " Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors," where there is
a farther account of it.

192 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Belasyse, viscount Falconberg; mezz<
A. Blooteling 4to.
Thomas, second viscouht Falconberg, married first, Mildred,
daughter to Nicholas Sanderson, viscount' Castleton, and she dy->
ing without issue by him, he married, secondly, Mary, daughter of
Oliver Cromwell, at Hampton Court, Nov. 18, 1657. The Earl of
Clarendon, gives this account of him.
" After Cromwell was declared Protector, and in great power,
he married his daughter to the Lord Falconberg, the owner of a
very greatestate in Yorkshire, and descended of a family eminently
loyal. There were many reasons to believe that this young gentle
man, being then about three or four and twenty years of age, of
great vigour and ambition, had many good purposes, that he thought
that alliance might qualify and enable him to perform : his marriage
was celebrated at Whitehall" (Wood has given the time at Hamp
ton Court),." with all imaginable pomp and lustre; and it was ob
served, that though it was performed in public, according to the
rites and ceremonies then in use, they were presently afterwards in
private married by ministers ordained by bishops, and according to
the form in the book of common prayer, and this with the privity
of Cromwell."
In 1657, he was made one of the council of state ; and in June,
1658, when Dunkirk was taken by the Spaniards, the French king
sent the Duke of Crequi, together with Monsieur Mancini, nephew to
Cardinal Mazarine, prime minister, to congratulate Cromwell on it;
who, in return of the compliment, sent his son-in-law, the Lord Fal
conberg, to Calais, to congratulate the French monarch, for their
joint prosperity.
This was the only employment the Lord Falconberg had under
Cromwell ; for, as the noble author above-mentioned relates, " his
domestic delights were lessened every day ; he plainly discovered
that his son Falconberg's heart was set upon an interest destructive
to his, and grew to hate him perfectly." And Whitlock relates, that
Richard, the Protector's son, was betrayed by his near relations, and
those of his council. In 1659, he was by the council of state sent
to the Tower.
That he was in the secret of the restoration of King Charles II.
is evident from General Monk's conferring on him the regiment
which was Sir Arthur Haslerig's, on April 25, the same day the par
liament met that restored the king.

OF ENGLAND. 193
Bishop Burnet writes, that Cromwell's daughter, married to the
Lord Falconberg, " was a wise and worthy woman, more likely to
have maintained the post- (of Protector) than either of her brothers;
according to a saying that went of her, that those who wore breeches
deserved petticoats better ; but if those in petticoats had been in
breeches they would have held faster." It may be presumed, that
she was influenced by this lord, her husband, and (from what had
been said) concurred with him in the restoration.
King Charles IT. was so well satisfied with his lordship's conduct,
that he constituted him lord-lieutenant of the bishopric of Durham,
July 27, 1660; and the same year also made him lord-lieutenant and
custos rotulorum of the North Riding of Yorkshire, which he held
till 1687, when, not complying with the designs of King James II.
he was put out of the commission. '
He was also, by King Charles II. sent ambassador to the state of
Venice, and the Princes of Italy ; and made captain of the band of
gentlemen pensioners, on the surrender of that employment by his
uncle John, lord Bellasyse, of Warlaby, in 1673. He was likewise
one of those sworn of the privy-council on April 21, 1679, when his
majesty declared he was resolved to lay aside the use he had hitherto
made of a single ministry, and to constitute such a privy-council as
may not only be fit for the consultation and digestion of all business,
but may be best informed in the true constitutions of the state, and
thereby the most able to counsel him in all the affairs and interests
of this crown and nation.
On the accession of King William and Queen Mary, he was sworn
of their privy-council, and on March 28, 1689, constituted lord-
lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire, having, as before-
mentioned, been put out of the commission by King James II. and
in consideration of his great merits, was advanced to the honour of
Earl Falconberg, on April 9, in the first year of their reign. He died
without issue, Dec. 31, 1700, and was buried at Cockswold, in the
county of York, where a monument is erected to his memory, with
the following inscription.
M. S.
H. S. E.
Thomas Belasyse, Comes Falconberg, Baro de Yarum,
Vir Primarius, Priscse Nobilitatis Exemplar,
Animi magnitudine, fortitudine, Prudentiet,
Et rerum agendarum Peritia Singulari,
Ad publica obeunda munera
vol. iv. 2 c

I?4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Vere formatus.
Regise Pensionarium Cohortis Preefectis
Sub Carolo IIdo- sub quo, et Gulielmo III"°-
Com. Ebor qua ad Aquilonem vergit Prorex,
Quorum utriq; a sanctioribus Consiliis
Utriq ; fidus pariter, et charus ;
Nee inter Anglos solum, apud exteras vero Gentes inclaruit
Sub Carolo Ild°• apud Rempublicam Venetam.
Sabaudiee item, Hetruriaeq; Duces,
Splendida Legatione functus,
Regiee Dignitati, Regniq ; Commodis
Provide Consuluit,
Graviter satisfecit.
Gemino Fcelix Conjugio;
Mildredse primum, Vice-Comitis de Castleton Filiee.
Postea Marise* Cromwelliorum stirpe, Patre Olivero, Progenitse,
Ilia, brevis aevi, msesto Marito superstite decessit,
Haec Marito meesta superfuit,
Quam indissolubilis Amor, non ficta Pietas,
Studiumq; Conjugi morem gerendi,
Caram Marito, Posterisq; Exemplum
Jure reddiderunt.
Ptochotrophio propriis sumptibus extructo,
Hujusce Parochise Pastori.
Annuum in perpetuum stipendium legavit.
Et cum bene Latere frustra alias quesierat,
Septuaginta et 'duos emensus Annos,
Quietem hactenus denegatam
Maturo in Ccelum secessu tandem consecutus est
Dec. 31m°- A. S. H. 1700mo-
WILLIAM, viscount STAFFORD. Lutterel f.
large 4 to. mezz.
William, viscount Stafford; in an oval. R.Cooper
sc. From the print of the Howard Family ; 4to.
Created William Howard, viscount Stafford, was accused in October, 1678,
1640. 0f conSpiring against the life of his sovereign. He happened to be
* The said Mary died March 14, 1712.

OF ENGLAND. 195
from his own house when he was sent for ; but confiding in his
innocence, he voluntarily surrendered himself in two days after
wards. The fury of the times was such, and the people so blinded
with false zeal, that he was one ofthe five Peers impeached by the
House of Commons of being concerned in that commonly called
the Popish plot; though, the discerning part of mankind then, and
the unprejudiced since, looked upon it as a contrivance calculated
to serve the nefarious views of some traiterous politicians. How
ever, he was, upon the evidence of the perjured Titus Oates, and
other flagitious wretches, convicted of high-treason, fifty-five Peers
pronouncing him guilty, and thirty-one voting him not guilty. His
lordship being brought to the scaffold, on December following,
averred his innocence to the last, solemnly protesting before God
and man, that what the witnesses against him had sworn, wa6 false;
and submitted to the axe with great composure and devotion. His
fate was lamented by al] good men ; and his enemies were disap
pointed in their scheme of overthrowing the constitution at that
time. On June 3, 1685, a bill passed the House of Peers, entitled, " An
act for reversing the attainder of William, late viscount Stafford ;"
in the preamble to which it was asserted, " That it was now mani
fest, that William, late viscount Stafford, died innocent; and that
the testimony, on which he was convicted, was false ; as also, that
it appeared by record of the King's Bench, that one of the wit
nesses was convicted of perjury."
By his lady, he had three sons, and six daughters. The sons
were, 1st, Henry, afterward earl of Stafford: 2d, John, continuator
of the line ; and '3rd, Francis, who, being groom of the bedchamber
to King James II. when, on December 17, 1688, at one in the morn
ing, he removed from Whitehall, attended his master into France,
and died at Paris, in 1692, leaving, by Eleanor his wife, daughter
of Henry Stanford, of New Inn, in Staffordshire, esq. a son, Henry,
who wedded  daughter of Bartholomew Berkeley, of Speckley,
in Worcestershire, esq. but died without issue.
Of the six daughters of Lord Stafford, Alathea, Ursula, and
Mary, were nuns ; Isabella, the second, was the third wife of John
Powlett, marquis of Winchester ; Anastatia, the fifth, was married
to George Holman, of Warworth, in the county of Northampton, esq.
and Helena, the youngest, died soon after she was born.
Henry, the eldest son, in consideration of his father's sufferings,
and his noble descent, was created Earl of Stafford, October 5,

196 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
1688, with remainder, for want of issue male, to John and Francis,
his brothers, and their heirs male respectively. By the same patent,
Mary, his mother, was made countess of Stafford for life, and his
sisters were allowed the rank of daughters of an earl of England,
and to use and bear the surname of Stafford. This Henry earl of
Stafford, retiring in 1688 with his sovereign into France, was, on
April S, 1694, married at St. Germain's en Laye, to Claude Char
lotte, .eldest daughter of Philibert, count of Grammont, and dying
April 19, 1719, without issue, was succeeded by William, son of
his brother John Stafford Howard.
WILLIAM, lord RUSSEL. Kneller p. Houbraken
sc. In the collection of the Duke of Bedford. Illust.
Head.
William, lord Russel; Mt. 44, 1683. Kneller p.
Vandrebanc sc. large h. sh.
William, lord Russel. Kneller p. Picart sc.
direx. 1724; 4to.
William, lord Russel, Mt. 44, &c. Cooper exc'.
mezz. 4 to.
William, lord Russel, &c. Savage sc. In a large
h.sh. with several others.
William, lord Russell, mezz. E.Lutterel.
William, lord Russel. C. Knight sc. 1792. In
Lady Russel's " Letters." 8vo.
Lord Russel. Bocquet sc. In "Grammont;" 8vo.
1809. William, lord Russell. E.Scrivensc. 1814. From
the original of Sir P. Lely. In Mr. Lodge's " Illus
trious Portraits,"

OF ENGLAND. 197
His portrait at Woburn Abbey bears a strict resemblance to
Houbraken's print.
William, lord Russel, was a man of probity and virtue, and
worthy of a better age than that in which he lived ; an age, when
silence and freedom of speech were equally criminal ; when a per
jured witness was more esteemed than an honest patriot, and law
and equity were wrested to the purposes of an enraged faction,
and an arbitrary court. As he was apprehensive for the civil and
religious liberties of his country, he distinguished himself by pro
moting the bill for excluding the Duke of York from the crown,
which he carried up to the House of Peers.* He thought resist
ance preferable to slavery ; he had moreover the honesty to avow
it, and persisted in it to. the last, though a retraction of this prin
ciple would probably have saved his life.f He was accused of
being an accomplice in the Rye-House Plot, and consequently of
conspiring the death of the king, a crime of which he was abso
lutely innocent. All that was proved, against him, by suspected
witnesses, was, that treasonable words were uttered in his presence,
though he bore no part in, or assented to, the conversation which
occasioned them. When he had taken his last leave of his lady,
he said that " the bitterness of death was past;" and he soon after
went to his execution, and submitted to the fatal stroke with a re
solution worthy of the cause in which he suffered. He was the pro-
tomartyr of patriotism in this reign : Algernon Sidney was the
second. t He was beheaded July 21, 1683.
* Col. Titus, in his speech for excluding the Duke of York, declared, " That to
accept of expedients for securing the Protestant religion, after such a king mounted
the throne, was as strange as if there were a lion in the lobby, and they should
vote, that they would rather secure themselves by letting him in, and chaining him,
than by keeping him out." This sentiment is put into verse by Bramston, in his
" Art of Politics."
t See Birch's " Life of Tillotson," p. 101, et seq. Edit. 2.
$ Patriotism is perhaps the most frail, as it is the most suspected of all human
virtues : and it seems, from some recent instances, to be almost as difficult to bring
positive proof of the sincerity of it, as it is to prove a negative in point of chastity.
The patriotic characters of Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney, supported by an ap
parent inflexibility of conduct, and sealed by martyrdom, seemed to be fixed upon
an immoveable foundation. But this foundation, everlasting as it seemed to be,
has, in the opinion of some, lately sustained an alarming shock. § Possibly, in a
mercenary age, when other means had been tried in vain, they thought it expedient
See Barillon's dispatches, in the Appendix to Dalrymple's " Memoirs."

198 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The LORD GREY. Lely p. Browne; h. sh.mezz*
altered to Samuel Butler.
Thomas, son of Thomas lord Grey, and grandson of Henry, earl
of Stamford, succeeded his grandfather in title and estate, after the
demise of his father, in 1673. He was imprisoned for being con
cerned in the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion ; but admitted to bail,
and at last had the benefit of the pardon granted, on March 10,
1685-6. April 24, 1696, he was appointed lord-lieutenant and
custos rotulorum of the county of Derby; and April 28, 1697, was
made chancellor of the dutchy of Lancaster, lord-lieutenant and
custos rotulorum of the county of Leicester; and at the funeral of
Queen Mary, bore one of the banners of England and France quar
terly ; and in the reign of Queen Anne, was one of her privy-council.
He first married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Daniel Hervey, of Combe,
in Surrey, knt. and secondly, Mary, daughter and coheir to Joseph
Maynard, of Gunnersbury, in the county of Middlesex, esq. son and
heir to Sir John Maynard, knt. one of the commissioners of the great
to baffle the arts and instruments of corruption hy turning them against itself, and
to seem to yield to it from an honest motive of liberty ; and that in this " the end
would justify the means." But this is too disingenuous a refinement in politics to
admit qf any stress. It is much more probable, that Barillon appropriated a large
portion of secret service-money to his own use, and artfully placed it to the account
of Algernon Sidney. Hence he might at once have gained credit with Ihe king his
master, by persuading him that he had conquered the stubborn virtue of aformidabre
enemy to despotism, and paid that attention lo his own emolument, which was very
probably his principal aim. Fond as mankind are of novelty and censure, they
scarce ever efface the early impressions which they have received in favour of those
they love and admire. Hence it is that we are extremely averse from believing
that there was any real duplicity of character in these illustrious persons.
¦ Tarde, quae credita lasdunt,

Credimus." — Ovid.
The whole matter appears to me to turn upon this short question : which is the
fairer object of belief; the patriotism of great and established characters, or the
veracity of a man employed in evil arts, and the avowed minister of corruption 1 I
can by no means persuade myself to give credit to Barillon's facts against the tenor
of the lives of such men as Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney. If the venerable
names of Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley should be, and I make no question but they
are, wantonly and wickedly aspersed in the French archives, they would still, in my
estimation, retain their primitive purity and dignity, and stand foremost in the bright
list of our Protestant martyrs.
* I believe this is the portrait of Ralph Lord Grey of Werke, who succeeded his,
father William,and died 1675. — W. Richardson.

OF ENGLAND. 199
seal of England. By his first lady he had two sons, who died
infants, and a daughter Diana, who died young; and no issue by his
second lady.
The Earl of Stamford died Jan. 31, 1719-20, aged 67, without
surviving issue, when his titles, and part of his estate, descended
to Harry Grey, esq. son to John Grey, third son of Henry, the first
earl of Stamford.

First DUDLEY, lord North, from the original
picture in the collection ofthe Earl of Guildford; in the
" Noble Authors," by Park ; 1 800.
Dudley, lord North; oval. Thane exc.
Sir Dudley North, succeeded to the title of Lord North, by the
death of his grandfather in 1600, which he enjoyed till some years
after the restoration. He was one of the finest gentlemen in the
court of King James, or rather his son Prince Heriry ; and was
(says Mr. Roger North) full of spirit and flame. In 1645 he a-
pears to have acted with the parliament, and was nominated by
them to the administration of the admiralty, in conjunction with
the Earls of Essex, Northumberland, Warwick, and others. After
he had consumed the greater part of his estate in gallantries, he
retired and lived more honourably in the country upon what was
left, than ever he had done before. He there amused himself with
writing " A Forest of Varieties, a collection of Essays in prose and
verse, 1659,"* and enjoyed his life to the great age of 85, so as to
see his grandchildren almost grown up. Ob. 1666.
He married Frances, daughter and coheir of Sir John Brocket,
of Brocket-hall, in Hertfordshire, and by her had issue four sons;
Dudley, who succeeded him ; Charles, and Robert, who died in his
lifetime, and John : also two daughters, Dorothy, married to
Richard, lord Dacre, at St. Margaret's, Westminster, Jan. 4, 1624,
and after his decease, to Chaloner Chute, of the Vine, in Hamp
shire, esq. ; and Elizabeth, who died unmarried.
Second DUDLEY, lord North. E.Harding ; from
* SeeBrydge's " Memoirs of the Peers of England," vol. i. p. 543, and " Noble
Authors," by Park, vol. iii.

200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the original picture in the collection of the Earl of
Guildford. S.Harding; 1799.
Dudley, second lord North. Rivers dim. from
the original picture, &;c. in the " Noble Authors,"
by Park.
Sir Dudley, the fourth Lord North, had a learned education, in
the university of Cambridge, and was made K.B. as early as 1616,
at the creation of Charles, prince of Wales. He was an eminent
instance of filial duty to his father, before whom he would not put
on his hat, or sit, unless enjoined to do it. In the early part of his
life he travelled abroad, and served as captain under Sir Francis
Vere. He served his country in several parliaments, and was misled
to sit in that of 1640, till he was excluded : after which he lived
privately in the country, at Tostock, in Suffolk, and amused himself
with writing "Observations and advices economical," 12mo. 1669,
in which is the epitome of his life. He also wrote a volume of
Essays, printed in 1682, 8vo. Ob. 1677*

ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, lord Ashley.
R. Thompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
Lord Ashley, inscribed " The son ofthe Lord Chan
cellor ;" mezz. Lely ; R. White exc.
Lord Ashley is better known as the son of the lord chancellor
Shaftesbury, and the father of the author of the " Characteristics,"
than from any thing extraordinary in his own character. His son,
who was educated with the greatest care, was, in the early part of
his life, under the tuition of Mrs. Birch, the learned daughter of a
schoolmaster in Oxfordshire, who was so great a mistress of Greek
and Latin that she could readily speak these languages. Her
pupil read the classic authors in their respective originals, when
he was but eleven years of age. He was afterward under the care
of Mr. Locke, who was principally concerned in his education.
• See Park's " Noble Authors," and " Memoirs of the Peers of England," by
Sir Egerton Brydges.

OF ENGLAND. 201
Lord Ashley, who became earl of Shaftesbury upon the death of
his father in 1682-3, died Nov. 10, 1699,* and was buried at Win-
borne, St. Giles.
He married Dorothy, daughter to John, earl of Rutland ; and
by her had issue three sons, Anthony, John, and Maurice ; and
four daughters, Lady Frances, married to Francis Stonehouse, of
Hungerford-park, in the county of Berks, esq. ; Lady Elizabeth,
Wife of James Harris, of Salisbury, esq. ; and died 1744 ; Lady
Dorothy, married to Edward Hooper, of Hern-court, in the county
of Southampton, and of Boveridge, in the county of Dorset, esq. ;
and died in 1749 ; and Gertrude, who died 1704, unmarried.

BARONS.
ROBERT, lord BROOKE, baron Brooke, of Created
Beauchamp's-court, in the county of Warwick, lord- lll'o.'
lieutenant of the county of Stafford ; obiit Feb. 13,
1676. G. Valcksc. 1678; large h. sh.
This nobleman was son of Robert Grevile, lord Brooke (who was
killed at Lichfield), by Catharine,xdaughter of Francis, earl of Bed
ford. He was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II. and
was one of the six lords sent by the House of Commons to present
the humble invitation and supplication of the parliament, " That
his majesty would be pleased to return, and take the government
of the kingdom into his hands." — Lord Brooke was appointed lord-
lieutenant ofthe county of Stafford, and city of Lichfield, Aug. 20,
1660 ; and constituted recorder of Warwick for life, in a new charter
granted to that corporation ; which office his predecessors, Fulke,
* Dryden, in his character of the lord-chancellor Shaftesbury, speaks with great
contempt of Lord Ashley :
" Bankrupt of life, and prodigal of ease :
And all to leave what with his toil he won,
To that unfeather'd two-legg'd thing a son."
. Absalom and Acuit.
Here the poet evidently alludes to Diogenes's cock, with the feathers plucked off,
which he called " Plato's Man;" namely, fiwov Sircrcui*, awrseov; animal bi'pes, implume.
Vide " Diog. Laert." Edit. Hen. Steph. p. 213.
vol.. IV. 2 D

202 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
first lord Brooke, Robert lord Brooke, his father, and the Earl of
Bedford, his uncle (during the minority of his brother Francis),
had held before bim. He was likewise chosen high-steward of
Stafford, and Stratford-upon-Avon; and contributed much to the
embellishment of Warwick Castle, by fitting up the state-apartment
there, at a considerable expense, and in a manner suited to the taste
of the times in which he lived. He married Anne, daughter, and
at last sole heir, to John Doddington, esq. son and heir of Sir s
William Doddington, of Bremer, in the county of Southampton ;
by whom he had six sons, John, Francis, Charles, Robert, William,
and Fulke, who all died young ; and two daughters, Anne, married
to William, earl of Kingston; and Doddington, to Charles, earl,
and afterward duke, of Manchester. He died at Bath, Feb. 17,
1676; and leaving no male issue, was succeeded in honour and
estate by 'his youngest brother, Fulke, fifth lord Brooke, who was
(soon after the death of his brother) chosen recorder of Warwick ;
and upon the renewal of the charter of that corporation, was therein
constituted recorder for life.

" JOHN, lord BELASYSE (or Bellasyse*), baron
of Worlaby, during the late wars, lieutenant-general
of the counties of York, Nottingham, Lincoln, and
Derby ; governor of the city of York and garrison of
Newark, and captain-general of his majesty's horse-
guards to King Charles I. ; late captain-general of the
forces in Africa, and governor of Tangier ; lord lieute
nant of Ethe ast-Riding of Yorkshire ; governor of
Hull, and captain of the guard of gentlemen-pen
sioners to his present majesty, King Charles II."
Mt. suce 20. Vandyck p. (Reg. Car. I.) R. White sc.
engraved in the manner of Lombart' s half lengths.
John, lord Bellasyse, second son of Thomas, lord viscount Fal
conberg, raised six regiments for Charles I. in the civil war; and was
anofficer of distinction atthe battles of Edge-hill, Newbury, and Nase-
by, and at the sieges of Reading and Bristol. He fought with his usual
* His name is sometimes spelt Bellasis, but is more properly written Bellasyse.

OF ENGLAND. 203
valour at the battle of Selby, and bravely defended the garrison of
Newark against the English and Scottish armies ; and, in considera
tion of his conduct and courage in many gallant actions in the time
ofthe rebellion, was by King Charles I. created Lord Bellasyse, of
Worlaby, in the county of Lincoln, by letters-patent, bearing date at
Oxford, Jan. 27, 1644-5. He was likewise by the same king made
lieutenant-general of the counties of York, Nottingham, Lincoln,
and Derby ; governor of the city of York, and captain of the gar
rison of Newark-upon-Trent ; as also captain-general of his majesty's
guards. By King Charles II.' he was constituted captain-general of his
forces in Africa, and held many important posts ; but professing
the Romish religion, resigned his employments upon passing the
test act, in 1673*
A very lofty and costly monument, of curious workmanship,
stands affixed to the east wall of the church, in the church-yard of
St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Middlesex ; on which, above the sarco
phagus, is his lordship's coat of arms, impaling those of Powlett;
and on the base the following inscription:
" This monument was erected in the year of our Lord, 1736, by
the pious direction of the Honourable Dame Barbara Webb, wife of
Sir John Webb, of Cunford Magna, in the county of Dorset, bart.
and the Honourable Catharine Talbot, wife of the Honourable John
Talbot, of Longford, in the county of Salop, esq. surviving daughters
and coheirs of the Right Honourable John, lord Bellasyse, second
son of Thomas, lord viscount Falconberg, in memory of their most
dear father, his wives and children.
" Who for his loyalty, prudence, and courage, was promoted to
several commands of great trust by their majesties, King Charles I.
and II. ; viz. having raised six regiments of horse and foot in the late
civil wars, he commanded a tertia in his majesty's armies at the
battles of Edge-hill, Newbury, andNaseby; at the sieges of Read
ing and Bristol ; and afterward, being made governor of York, and
commander-in-chief of all his majesty's forces in Yorkshire, he
fought the battle of Selby with the Lord Fairfax ; and being lieute
nant-general of the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, and
* Titus Oates, in his "Narrative of the pretended Plot," 1678, mentions this
nobleman as deeply concerned in exciting a rebellion. This occasioned his im
prisonment in the Tower, where he remained in durance till the accession of
James II.

204 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Rutland, and governor of Newark, he valiantly defended that gar
rison against the English and Scotch armies, till his majesty came in
person to the Scotch quarters, and commanded the surrender of it.
At which time he also had the honour of being general of the king's
horse-guards ; in all which services, during the wars, and other
achievements, he deported himself with eminent courage and con
duct, and received many wounds, sustained three imprisonments in
the Tower of London ; and after the happy restoration of King
Charles II. he was made lord-lieutenant ofthe East- Riding of the
county of York, governor of Hull, general of his majesty's forces
in Africa, governor of Tangier, captain of his majesty's guard of
gentleman-pensioners, and first lord-commissioner ofthe treasury to
King James II. He died the 10th of September, 1689, whose re
mains are deposited in this vault.
" He married, to his first wife, Jane, daughter and sole heiress of
Sir Robert Boteler, of Woodhall, in the county of Hertford, knt.
by whom he had Sir Henry Bellasyse,* knight of the most honoura
ble order of the Bath, interred in this vault; Mary, viscountess
Dunbar, and Frances, both deceased.
" He married, to his second wife, Anne, daughter and coheir to
Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, in the county of Suffolk, bart. who
also lies interred here.
" He married, to his third wife, the Right Honourable the Lady
Anne Powlett, second daughter of the Right Noble John, marquis
of Winchester, sister to Charles, late duke of Bolton, and is here
interred." On the sarcophagus, above the said inscription, is the following
account of his progeny by his last lady :
" The Right Honourable John, lord Bellasyse, had issue, by his
third marriage with the Lady Anne Powlett, three sons and nine
daughters, whereof three sons and five of the daughters died in
their infancy; Honora, lady dowager Bergavenny, widow and relict
of George, lord Bergavenny, one of the coheirs of the said John,
lord Bellasyse, who died without issue the 6th of January, 1706, and
is interred in this vault.
" The Honourable Dame Barbara Webb, and the Honourable
Catharine Talbot, the two surviving daughters and coheirs, now
living, who caused this monument to be erected.
* This Sir Henry married Anne, second daughter of Francis, lord Brudenell, but
died without issue.

OF ENGLAND. 205
" Also the Honourable Isabella, the youngest daughter, who mar*
ried Thomas Stonar, of Stonar, in the county of Oxon, esq. one of
the coheirs of the said late Lord Bellasyse, and died without issue
the 4th of June, .1704."
CHARLES, lord GERARD, of Brandon, gentle
man of the bed-chamber to his sacred majesty, and
captain of his majesty's horse-guards, &c. 1666.
W. Sherwin sc. sh.
Charles, lord Gerard, who descended from the very ancient Created
family of Geraldine, or Fitzgerald, in Ireland, raised a regiment of 21 Car. I.
foot, and a troop of horse, for Charles I. in the civil war. He
fought in many battles with the ardour of a volunteer, and displayed,
at the same time, all the conduct of a veteran. He particularly
signalized himself in Wales, where he took the fortresses of Car
digan, Emblin, Langhorne, and Roche ; as also the strong town of
Haverford- West, with the castles of Picton and Carew. He had
two brothers and several uncles, who had commands in the royal
army. Ratcliffe Gerard, one of his uncles, had three sons, who all
fought for the king at the battle of Edge-hill. He was one of the
lords who presented the Duke of York, as a popish recusant, at
the King's Bench bar, in Westminster-hall.* He was created Earl
of Macclesfield, July 23, 1679, and died Jan. 7, 1693-4.
DENZIL HOLLES, baron Holies. White sc.
Frontispiece to his " Memoirs," 1699 ; 8vo.
Denzil, baron Holies, of Ifield; Mt. 78, 1676;
Ravenet sc. In the " Historical Collections relating to
the Families of Cavendish, Vere, Harley, and Ogle;
by Arthur Collins," 1752 ; fol.
There is a portrait of him at Welbeck.
Denzil, lord Holies, second son of John, the first earl of Clare, Created
was one of the most distinguished of the popular leaders in the jj'cgfji
reign of Charles I. His courage, which was very extraordinary,
* See Birch's " Life of Tillotson,'' second edit. p. 78.

206 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was constitutional^ and proceeded from a principle inherent in his
family. His patriotism, which was as extraordinary and as active
as his courage, seemed to proceed from as fixed a principle. In
the part which he acted against Charles, with whom he had for
merly lived in great intimacy, he appears not to have been influ
enced by personal hatred, party animosity, or the common motives
of interest or ambition. He acted from a much nobler motive than
any of these, an inviolable attachment to the liberties of his country.
He had long entertained a jealousy of the prerogative ; and there
fore, in the last parliament of James I., sided with the party that
opposed the court. This jealousy was much increased in the next
reign ; and he entered, with his usual spirit, into all those measures
that he thought necessary to reduce the power of the king within
bounds, and became a leader of the Presbyterian party, as he be
lieved it to be on the side of liberty. He was greatly alarmed upon
seeing Cromwell at the head of the Independents ; and Cromwell
was little less alarmed at seeing so able a chief at the head of the
Presbyterians. He was, by the Independent faction, impeached of
high-treason, which occasioned his flying into France. He was
employed in several embassies after the restoration, when he re
tained the same jealousy for liberty. He refused the insidious
presents offered him by Lewis XIV. with as much disdain as he
had before refused 5000Z. offered him by the parliament, to in
demnify him for his losses in the civil war.* Ob. 1679-80, Mt. 81.
SIR MARMADUKE LANGDALE, the first Lord
Langdale ; mezz. (. W. Humphry ) fee . from the original
at Holme on Spalding-more, 1774 ; 8vo.
Marmaduke Langdale, descended from an ancient family of
York, was knighted by King Charles I. 1627. He was esteemed
* If the reader candidly considers the situation of the patriotic, or popular paTty,
with regard to France, in the year 1679, he will be inclined to think that Lord
Hollis, how much soever Barillon, the French ambassador, might flatter himself,
was far from being cordially in the interest of Lewis XIV. as it stood in opposition
to that of his own country. t But granting all that is said of him'bj this minister
to be tiue, he seems to have been the last and the least corrupted of the patriots.

t See Dalrymple's " Memoirs,'' vol. ii. art. i. p. 260, &c. and compare what is
said of him with the tenour of his conduct. See alio the last note to the article of
Lord Russell.

OF ENGLAND. 207
a serious and wise man, and a good scholar. In the early part of
his life he was attached to the liberties of the subjects, but after
ward, was as zealous in his majesty's service, and distinguished
himself by his valour and good conduct. The Duke of Hamilton,
with the Scotch army, being defeated at Preston by Cromwell, Sir
Marmadtike was taken prisoner ; he effected his escape, and retired
abroad, loyally attending King Charles II. in his exile, by whom
he was created Baron Langdale of Holme, in the county of York,
1658. He returned at the restoration, having lost 16,000Z. without
any other recompense, than the consciousness of having suffered in
a good cause. He died at Holme, 1661.
FRANCIS, first Lord SEYMOUR, of Trow
bridge ; from the collection of the Right Hon. the Earl
of Egremont. Piatt sc. In Adolphus 's " British Cabi
net ;"' 4to.
Sir Francis Seymour was the third son of Edward, lord viscount
Beauchamp, son and heir of Edward, earl of Hertford, and younger
brother to William, duke of Somerset, who was restored to that title
- (which had been previously forfeited) by the kindness of King
Charles II.
Sir Francis was a man of interest and reputation in the country,
where he principally resided, and highly esteemed for his know
ledge in rural affairs, and equitable administration of justice to the
people. In the beginning of the long parliament he was returned
knight of the shire for Wilts ; and, as he did not adopt those vio
lences which distinguished some members of the House of Com
mons, and having a great friendship for the Earl of Strafford, he
was, by his interposition, called up to the House of Lords in the 16th
year of King Charles's reign, by the title of Baron Seymour of Trow
bridge. On the trial of Strafford, Lord Seymour distinguished him
self by refusing to yield to those reasons which induced the bishops
and several lords, who could have done that unfortunate nobleman
material service, to wave their right of sitting in judgment.
When the disputes between the king and parliament were in
flamed to their greatest height, Lord Seymour was a constant ad
herent to the royal cause. He followed the king to York, and was
one ofthe commissioners named by him, on the treaty at Uxbridge.
On trie restoration of Charles II. his loyalty did not pass un-

208 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
noticed. He was made a privy-counsellor, and, on the 1st of
June, 1660, constituted chancellor ofthe duchy of Lancaster.
Lord Seymour was twice married ; first to Frances, daughter of
Sir Gilbert Prinne, by whom he had a son and a daughter; and
afterward to Catharine, daughter of Sir Robert Lee, of Bilsley, in
Warwickshire, by whom he had no issue. He died July 12, 1664,
and was buried at Bedwin, Wilts.

SCOTCH NOBILITY.
JOHN, duke of Lauderdale. Lely p. Houbrakensc.
1740. In the collection of the Earl of Dysert. Illust.
Head. John, duke of Lauderdale. Riley p. Becket f h.sh.
John, duke of Lauderdale ; robes of the Garter.
Valck sc.
The Duke and Dutchess of Lauderdale. Lely p.
Tompson exc. sh. mezz.
The Duke and Dutchess of Lauderdale ; 8vo.
B. Reading sc.
John, duke of Lauderdale. Ryland; in Smollett.
The original picture is in an apartment belonging to the Earl of
Breadalbane, in Holyrood-house.
Created The Duke of Lauderdale, who had been employed in several
duke, 1672. treaties in the late reign, and had been a sufferer in the cause of
Charles II. was highly in favour with that prince. He was thought,
before the restoration, and especially during his imprisonment after
the battle of Worcester, to have had some sense of religion ; but
his conduct afterward was utterly inconsistent with every social
and religious principle. He taught the king the political maxim of
"neglecting his friends, and making friends of his enemies." His
whole system of politics was much of the same cast. When he

OF ENGLAND. 209
was high-commissioner in Scotland, he enslaved his country by
every mode of oppression : he loaded it with taxes, ruined its trade,
plundered its inhabitants, and persecuted its religion. When the
people were grown mad by bis cruelty, he obstructed the course
of justice, and blocked up every avenue to the throne. He was
one of those who were employed in forging chains for the English,
and who will ever be remembered by the name of the Cabal. He
was servile and imperious, haughty and abject; was a man of °reat
learning, but awkward and ungainly in speech and behaviour. He
practised all the arts of cunning and dissimulation to gain power,
and was the barefaced tyrant after he had gained it. Ob. 24 Aug
1682, Mt. 68.
JOHN LESLIE, duke of Rothes, from the original
of Sir P. Lely, in the collection ofthe Right Honourable
the Earl of Rothes. C. Picart sc. in Lodge's " Por
traits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain," folio,
quarto, and octavo.
The Duke of Rothes was the only son of John Leslie, fifth earl
of Rothes, by Anne, second daughter of John Erskine, eighth earl
of Mar. He was born in the year 1630, and succeeded to the titles
and estates of his ancestors in the eleventh year of his age. The
loss of his parents, for his mother also had died in the preceding
year, was a misfortune, the effects of which attended him through
life ; for having been early betrothed to the eldest daughter of the
Earl. of Crawford, he went soon after his father's death to live in
that nobleman's family, where his education was almost wholly neg
lected. In 1650, he took up his residence, with becoming splendour,
at Leslie, the mansion of his forefathers; and on the arrival of Charles
the Second in Scotland, from his exile in Holland, was among the
first to wait on that Prince, to whose favour the fidelity and impor
tant services of his father to the late king had given him peculiar
pretensions. But Charles, who had at this period only compliments
to bestow, gave him the sword of state to carry at the coronation,
which took place in that country on the first of the following Ja
nuary. In the succeeding month, the Scottish parliament having resolved
to raise an army for the restoration of the monarchy, this young
nobleman equipped from his dependants, in the county of Fife, a
vor.. iv. 2 e

210 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
regiment of horse, at the head of which he accompanied Charles to
Worcester, where, in the unfortunate battle of the third of Septem
ber, 1651, he fell into the hands of the rebels, and was sent a pri
soner, with some others of the nobility of his country, to the Tower of
London. There, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and in some other places,
he remained in strict custody till the summer of 1655, wheu Eliza
beth Murray, countess of Dysart, a woman not less remarkable for her
intriguing spirit than for her beauty, and one of the few towards whom
Cromwell is said to have betrayed an amorous inclination, procured
his release through her influence over the usurper, and he was per
mitted to return to Scotland. He remained there unmolested till the
beginning of January, 1658, when, probably on some political sus
picions, but professedly to prevent the consequences of a private
quarrel, he was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle, and in the following
spring his estates were sequestrated. These hardships, operating
on a disposition in which loyalty might be said to have been almost
natural, riveted his attachment to the royal cause. He was libe
rated in December, 1658, and suffered to retire to his own house,
where he remained till the design for the restoration became publicly
rumoured, when he fled to the king at Breda, and remained with
him till that great event occurred.
In addition to his affection to the crown, and to the family which
held it, his resolution in executing his master's commands was as x
remarkable as his invariable obedience to them. Charles, even be
fore the restoration, seems to have determined to intrust to him the
chief management of the affairs of Scotland. On the first of June,
1661, he was appointed president of the council in that country, and
one of the four lords extraordinary of the session, and was consti
tuted the king's high commissioner to the parliament which met at
Edinburgh, on the 1 8th of June in the following year. The staff of
high treasurer, which had been held by Crawford, his father-in-law,
was presently afterwards delivered to him, with the singular accom
paniment of commissions of general of the forces, and captain of
the troop of horse-guards ; and in the summer of 1663, he was no
minated to the office of keeper of the privy seal.
Certain it is, that he earned these excessive favours, if not by a
sacrifice of all public principle, at least by a most reprehensible duc
tility. He was largely concerned in procuring that extravagant bill
of the year 166-1 , called by the Scots " the Act Reeissory," by which
all the parliaments thaj; had been held in Scotland since 1633, were
declared illegal, and all their proceedings annulled. This frightful

OF ENGLAND. 211
measure, which, however .pregnant of general confusion and mis
chief, aimed only at the overthrow of the Kirk, was concerted with
the furious Sharp, Archbishop of St. Andrews, to whom, with re
spect to ecclesiastical affairs, Rothes seems in a great measure to
have devoted himself. From a ministerial opponent he presently
degenerated into a persecutor. The military were scattered in those
parts of the country in which the covenanters abounded; the parish
priests were directed to transmit lists of such as avoided the esta
blished worship, to the general, Sir James Turner, and they were
forced into the churches at the point of the bayonet. Turner, though
a most obedient soldier, and naturally rough and furious, was fre
quently reprehended by him for acting too mildly with them. The
covenanters resented these outrages by an insurrection so ill con
certed, and so weakly supported by any persons of power, that they
were discomfited on their first appearance in arms. Rothes, who
was then at the court, and who had persuaded the king, perhaps be
lieving it himself, that all but a few obstinate fanatics had submitted,
on receiving the news posted into Scotland, with intentions suffi
ciently vindictive, which, however, were fomented to the utmost on
his arrival, by the influence of the primate. About fifty of the insur
gents, who were mostly of the lowest class, were put to death ; many
fled to Ireland; the more moderate covenanters sullenly obeyed,
and abandoned their conventicles ; and a miserable calm, simply the
effect of terror, succeeded. It was evident, however, that a state of
order so procured could not be long maintained, and the remedy
was obvious. Two of the independent nobility, members of the
established church, went to London, and represented to the king
with firmness the state of the country, and the causes of the evils
under which it suffered, and besought him to dismiss the ministers
to whom they ascribed them.
Charles was moved by their arguments, and dispatched an order
to Scotland, that the primate should be restrained from going to
Edinburgh, and confined to his diocess ; but he hesitated as to Rothes,
for whom he entertained a real friendship. Such indeed was that
nobleman's influence over his mind, or such his own secret affection
to the measures that he was requested to relinquish, that, even while
he seemed to give way to the councils ot those lords, a letter from
the earl prevailed on him to empower the Scottish privy-council to
require all whom they suspected to be enemies to the church to re
nounce the covenant, and to proceed against such as refused it as
traitors ; directing, however, by a private order that such power should

212 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
not be exercised to the utmost, but by his special command, farther
than for the purpose of. exciting terror in the contumacious. By a
second, and bolder, suggestion to the king, at the same critical pe
riod, he seemed to render the overthrow of his own authority inevit
able, inasmuch as it drew down on him the resentment of the whole
body of the nobility. He charged a majority of the privy-council
with disaffection to the church, and proposed that a special council
should be nominated to sit at Glasgow on ecclesiastical affairs, and
so far was he from concealing this imprudent advice that he avowed
it even to the earl of Lauderdale, who was not only a professed cove
nanter, but his known enemy. In the mean time the two Scottish
peers, who yet remained in London, redoubled their efforts against
him ; but the king still paused, when an accident is said to have pro
duced the crisis to which those endeavours had been hitherto vainly
applied. A division ofthe Dutch fleet, which in 1667 sailed up the
Thames, was directed to enter the Frith of Forth ; to threaten an
attack, by way of feint, on the Scottish coast ; and then secretly to
join De Ruyter, in that well-known enterprise. A great consterna
tion was excited in that part of the country, but the matter ended in
the discharge of a few innocent shot against the works at Brunt-
island. Rothes happened to be then on a progress in the north, and
not only the danger which it was pretended had menaced Scotland
was charged by his enemies on his absence, which was represented
as gross negligence, but even the subsequent insult, which tarnished
for a time the naval glory of England, was in some measure ascribed
to the same cause.
Charles at length consented to deprive him of the immoderate
power with which he had been invested, and which he had exercised
with so much indiscretion and, indeed, tyranny ; this, however, was
accomplished gradually, and with all possible mildness, for the king
had determined to dismiss him with no signs of disgrace. The
army, contrary to his advice, was first disbanded, by which his
commission of general was reduced to a mere title. Rothes now
flew to the court, besought the aid of the Duke of Monmouth, who
had married his niece, and condescended to apply himself even to
Lauderdale ; but it was too late. He was presently deprived of the
treasury, but with a special approbation, under the great seal, of his
conduct in that post. The rest of his offices followed, except only
that of the privy-seal, which he held for many years after. And now
came the counterpoise, in Rothes's mind very unequal, to these se
vere mortifications: in the month of October, 1667, shortly before

OF ENGLAND. 213
which time these alterations had occurred, he was placed for life in
the dignified, rather than powerful, station of high chancellor of
Scotland. From that period he had scarcely any ostensible concern in the
government of the country. Charles's attachment to him, however,
remained unaltered; and there is little reason to doubt that he was
secretly consulted to the last on the affairs of Scotland. The
strongest proof of his master's esteem was yet to come. On the
29th of May, 1680, he was created Duke of Rothes, and Marquis
of Ballinbreich, to which were added several other titles of peerage,
with remainder to his heirs male, of which, though at that time he
only had daughters, he was not of an age to despair ; but he survived
the acquisition of these new dignities little more than one year. He
died at Holyrood House, on the 27th of July, 1681, and was buried
at Leslie, with an extravagance of pomp, scarcely every equalled in
the funeral of a subject; so remarkable indeed as to have been com
memorated by an engraving, specially for that purpose.
The Duke of Rothes married Anne, daughter of John Lindsay,
aerl of Crawford and Lindsay, by whom he had two daughters,
Margaret and Christian: the dukedom, of course, died with him.
The elder of these ladies, who became the wife of Charles Hamilton,
. fifth earl of Haddington, succeeded to the titles of Countess of
Rothes, &c. and from her the present earl is descended; the second
married, first, James, third marquis of Montrose; secondly, Sir John
Bruce, of Kinrass, baronet.

JAMES, earl of Perth, &c. Mt. 31 . Wm. Faithorne
ad vivum del. et sc.
"James, earl of Perth; lord Drurnmond and Stob-
hall ; lord justice-general of the kingdom of Scot
land ; one of the extraordinary lords of the session ;
and one of the lords of his majesty's most honour
able privy-council in that kingdom ;" 1683, Mt. 34.
Kneller p. R. White sc. h. sh.
The inscription of this print has been altered, both as to his age
and preferments. This was done when he was made lord high-
chancellor of Scotland, in 1684. See the next reign.

214 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS, earl of Elgin, Mt. 62, 1662. Faithorne
sc. h. sh. Before his "Funeral Sermon."
There is a portrait of him at Dunham, the seat of the late Earl
of Warrington, and now of Earl of Stamford.
Created This nobleman was brother, and successor in- honour and estate,
loll. ' *° Edward, lord Bruce, who was killed in a duel by Sir Edward
Sackville, afterward earl of Dorset. He attended Charles I. at his
coronation in Scotland, when he was created earlof Elgin. He
was also created Baron Bruce, of Wharlton, in the county of
York, 17 Car. I. He was a man of uncommon parts, and of a
good domestic character. The delicacy of his constitution, which
was hectic, prevented him from interesting himself in the admi
nistration of public affairs, for which he was well qualified by his
natural and acquired abilities. He was the first in descent from
Mary, queen of France, youngest daughter of Henry VII. His
son Robert was created earl of Ailesbury. Ob. 21 Dec. 1663,
Mt. 63.
- WILLIAM KERR, third earl of Lothian, from the
original of Jamieson, in the collection of the Most Noble
the Marquis of Lothian. H Meyer sc. In Lodge's
" Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain"
folio, quarto, and octavo.
William Kerr, third earl of Lothian, was the eldest son of Sir
Robert Kerr, created earl of Ancramin 1633, by Elizabeth, daugh
ter of Sir John Murray, of Blackbarony ; but the earldom, which
had been settled first on the fruit of his father's second marriage
with Anne, daughter of William Stanley, sixth earl of Derby, and
widow of Sir Henry Portman, of Orchard, in Somersetshire, failing,
on the death of Charles, the only son by the second marriage, it
reverted to this nobleman, whose lineal descendant, the present
Marquis of Lothian, now enjoys it. William, though third earl of
Lothian of his family, did not inherit that dignity. He had mar
ried Anne Kerr, countess of Lothian in her own right, daughter
and heir to the second earl ; a lady of his own blood, but most dis
tant kindred, and the honour was therefore conferred on him by a
new patent, on the 31st of July, 1631.
This earl, the chief care of whose parents had been to fix in his

OF ENGLAND. 215
mind, even from his infancy, an attachment to monarchial govern
ment, and an affectionate veneration towards the person of the
reigning king, became, by a strange perverseness, perhaps the most
sincere and bitter enemy among his countrymen to both. In this
double rebellion, however, at once against his father and his prince,
he had the merit at least of consistency, for his fidelity to the cause
which he had espoused was invariable, and even unsuspected, and
his motives wholly disinterested ; and hence, rather than from his
talents, which were not of the highest class, he possessed the entire
confidence of his party. He appeared in 1638 among the most
vehement of the covenanters, and was in the following year nomi
nated, with thirteen others, to manage the deceitful and vexatious
treaty then offered by them to Charles, at Berwick. In 1640, he
had a command in the Scottish army which invaded England; was
present at the siege of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which was the only
exploit worth naming in the expedition ; and on the reduction of that
town was appointed governor of it by the party which then ruled in
Scotland. He was soon after named one ofthe four commissioners
of the Scottish treasury; and in 1641 was placed at the head of a
deputation of trusty covenanters, who were sent to London to offer
to the parliament a Scottish army to serve against the Irish rebels,
and to procure from that assembly an engagement to maintain such
troops as might be raised for that purpose. This agreement, which
had indeed been previously made, and which had deeper views than
the proposed expedition, was presently confirmed. The army was
levied, and Lothian, to whom the command of a regiment was
given, sailed with it to Ireland, where he seems to have done nothing
worth recording.
In the autumn of 1646 he was placed at the head of a com
mission, under the authority and direction of which himself and
some others waited on the king, then in the hands of the Scottish
army, to exhort him to accede to the last bitter propositions offered
to him by the rebel parliament in England, which, as is well known,
Charles positively and magnanimously refused. The surrender of
that prince's person, by the traitors who then governed Scotland,
speedily followed. Lothian, who had been a willing party to that
infamous measure, and had protested in parliament against a late
feeble effort of doubtful loyalty, which is known in the Scottish
history by the name of " The Duke of Hamilton's engagement,"
was now appointed secretary of state, in the room of that noble
man's brother, the earl of Lanerick, who soon after fled to Holland.

216 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
In the mean time the close of Charles's miseries approached. A
treaty, however, still subsisted between him and his House of Com
mons, whose authority, now little less shorn than his own, the
leaders of the covenant faction had resolved to support to their
utmost ; nor were they less anxious to deceive the world into a
milder opinion of their late treachery towards the king, by some
public expression of their horror and resentment of the extremities
to which he was reduced by the new military usurpation. With
these views, as Lord Clarendon informs us, " The Earlof Lothian,
and two others, who were known to be most zealous for the cove
nant, and most enraged and incensed against the proceedings of
the army, were made choice of, and presently sent away, that they
might make all possible haste to Westminster, and were, immedi
ately upon their arrival, to demand permission to wait upon the
king, wherever he should be, and to receive from him such farther
directions as he should judge necessary for his service." They had
scarcely arrived in London when Cromwell marched his army
thither; dispersed in a moment the frantic and iniquitous assembly,
which had for some years usurped the name aud authority of a
parliament, and erected his " high-court of justice" forthe con
demnation ofthe king.
The troubles of Lothian's commission was considerably narrowed
by these events. He had been directed to flatter this nominal par
liament; to amuse the unhappy Charles with new deceptions; and
to enter a cold dissent, should circumstances render it necessary,
from any resolution of violence against the royal person. A large
abstract of his instructions, displaying a turpitude of various trea
chery, inconsistent even with the fraud and apathy of the vilest
diplomatic negociations recorded in history, has been preserved
by Lord Clarendon. Nothing, however, now remained to be done
but to make the protestation against the sacrifice of the king, which
was not presented till he had been twice dragged before the tribu
nal' by which he was to be judged, and was couched in terms
which scarcely maintained even the affectation of sincerity. The
remnant of a legislature, which Cromwell had permitted to subsist,
partly understood the spirit which had dictated this profession, and
having first murdered the king, returned to Lothian such an an
swer as they thought would be agreeable to the persons by whom
he had been sent, as well as to himself, who, as Lord Clarendon in
forms us, " had upon all occasions carried the rebellion highest, and
shewedHhe most implacable malice to the person of the king."

OF ENGLAND. 217
But, however welcome the treason, some points in the reply of
the traitors were little relished by Lothian and his brethren : they
were told plainly that the government of England was to be
strictly republican-, and almost as plainly, that it was intended to
compel Scotland to adopt the same system. The constitution of
Scotland, a monarchy with few limitations, had remained untouched;
and the covenanters, far from aiming at the destruction of the regal
character, looked forward with hope to the authority of the young
king, as an instrument which they might easily bend to the accom
plishment of all their purposes. The commissioners therefore re
joined, in a tone whieh gave much offence ; and their English friends,
having neither time nor inclination to expostulate farther with them,
and foreseeing some probable inconvenience, from the liberty of
persons of such condition disposed to argue for loyalty, shut them
up without ceremony, nor were they, released till the arrival of a
remonstrance from Scotland, when they were sent to Gravesend,
strictly guarded, and embarked there for their own country.
Of Lothian, we have no farther intelligence after this period,
than that he was dispatched to Breda by the Parliament in the
beginning of the succeeding year, 1650, together with the Earl of
Cassalis and others, to invite Charles the Second to Scotland, on '
the hard conditions, so frequently rejected by his royal father, as
they now were by himself.
William, third earl of Lothian, survived till 1675. He had issue
by his countess, five sons ; Robert, the eldest, who succeeded to the
dignities, and was in 1701 created marquis of Lothian; Sir Wil
liam; Charles, ancestor of the Kerrs of Abbotsrule; Harry and
John, who died young. He had also nine daughters ; Anne, wife
of Alexander Fraser, master of Saltoun; Elizabeth, married to
John lord Borthwick ; Jane and Margaret, who died young ; Mary,
wife of James Brodie, of- Brodie ; Margaret, married to James
Richardson, of Smeaton; Vere, to Lord Neil Campbell, second
son of Archibald, marquis of Argyll ; Henrietta, to Francis Scott,
of Thirlestane ; and Lilias, who died unmarried.

JOHN CAMPBELL, earl of Loudon. J. Thane.
Johan. Com. Loudoun Summus Scotiae Cancel-
larius, 1645; in Simon's " Medals," p. 15.
VOL. IV. 2 P

218 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
John Campbell, son to- Sir James Campbell, of Lawe'rs, the
founder of the House of Lawers, was, by King Charles the First,.
created Earl of Loudon, 1633. His lordship was appointed com
missioner from the covenanters in Scotland, and committed to the
Tower for signing a letter written by the Marquis of Montrose,
offering to put his country under the protection of the French king,
provided he would assist the party in their designs. After a few
months confinement he was released by the interposition ofthe,
Marquis of Hamilton, and, renewing-his professions of duty to the
king, was appointed lord-chancellor of Scotland, being esteemed the.
most eloquent man of his time. On the defeat of the king at the
battle of Worcester, he fled to the Highlands, made his peace, and
died in obscurity, 1663.
RICHARDUS, dominus MAITLAND, &c. Knel
ler p. Vandrebanc sc, large h. sh.
Ricardus, dominus Maitland, &e. Mt. 31,1 683.
Michelin ; P. Vandrebanc. This is the first impression :
it was afterward altered to resemble Kneller s picture ;
scarce.
Richard, earl of Lauderdale. Harding.
Richard, &c. V. Berghe.
Richard, lord Maitland, was eldest son of Charles, earl of Lau
derdale; brother to the high-commissioner of Scotland.* He was.
lord justice-clerk for that kingdom, to which high office he was
promoted in 1681 : he was also; one of the privy-council in this
reign. He lost his places for corresponding with the Earl of Argyle,:
who was attainted.. This occasioned his flying into France, where.
he translated the " jEneis," which he thoroughly understood as a
grammarian, or verbal critic. We see the tame, the uninformed
features of Virgil in this translation ; but he has seldom, if ever,
* Upon the decease of the high-commissioner, the title of Duke became extinct,
and the dignity of Earl descended to his brother Charles, who was succeeded by
his son Richard, 1691.

OF ENGLAND. - 219
hit the majestic air of that prince of Roman poets: and even where
the latter has exerted all his fire, his translator is as cold as death.
" Such is our pride, our folly, or our fate,
That few but those who cannot write translate. — Dunham.
He died abroad, soon after the revolution.
GUALTERUS, Comes de LESLIE, Ceesareus ad
Portam Ottomanicam Orator. A neat whole length,
holding a truncheon.
Count* Leslie, a Scotsman, who was able in the cabinet, and
prudent and intrepid in the field, was, from his exact knowledge of
men and manners, perfectly skilled in the arts of negotiation. Sir
Paul Rycaut, in his Dedication of " The present State of the
Ottoman Empire," informs us, that in his embassy to the Porte,
he was treated by the Turks with greater distinction and regard
than they had ever paid to any ambassador, f The same author,
.who was well acquainted with his character, speaks of him in these
terms ; " To do justice to this worthy person, he hath brought a
reputation to the British nation above any in our age ; whose vir
tues and industry have acquired the highest trusts and preferments
in foreign parts, and done the same honour to his king, under whom
he was born a subject, as to the present emperor and his ancestors,
under whom he is, and hath always been a faithful minister ; hav
ing deserved so eminently for saving the whole German empire
* He was a count of the empire, and may be placed here, or at the end of this
class. t See " A Relation of a Journey of the Right Honourable my Lord Henry
Howard, from London to Vienna, and thence to Constantinople in the Company of
' his Excellency Count Lesley, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Coun
sellor of State to his Imperial Majesty, &c. and Extraordinary Ambassador from
' Leopoldus, emperor of Germany, to the Grand Siguior, Sultan Mahomet Hau the
Fourth. By John Burbury, Gent." 1671, 12mo.
Lord Henry Howard, who was afterward Duke of Norfolk,! began his journey
in February, 1664, and went to Constantinople the same year. It appears, at
p. 34, of this book, that Francis Hay, baron of Delgate, was nephew to Count
Leslie. He was one of the embassy, as was also Mr. Edward Howard, brother to
Lord Henry. The Earl of Winchelsea was then English ambassador at Constan
tinople.

} Wood's " Fasti," ii. col. 172.

22Q BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
from the treason of Wallestein, by his own single act of bravery (a
story notoriously known to all the world), as can never in gratitude
be forgot by that nation, nor want its due record and place in the
history of that country." Lady Mary Wortley Montague, in her
letter from Peterwaradin,* tells us that Count Lesly laid Belgrade in
ashes, 1685. It is probable, that, by this exploit, he restored tran
quillity to the empire.
Walter, count Leslie, died March 4th, 1667-8.

CHARLES SEATON, earl of Dunfermline. Rich
ardson; 1796.
Car. Setonus, &c in Simon's " Medals," plate XX.
Charles Seaton, second earl of Dunfermline, who in the begin
ning of the civil troubles engaged with the covenanters, was one of
the committee of parliament, in 1640; and one of the Scotch com
missioners appointed to treat with the king for peace, and was ap
pointed privy-counsellor for life by the parliament, in 1641 . He was
also one of the committee of estates, from 1644 to 1646 ; but re
turned to his allegiance, and was appointed lord privy-seal, by
Charles II. in 7116. Ob. 1674. See the reign of Charles I.
JAMES ERSKINE, earl of Buchan; from an
original painting in the possession of the Earl of
Buchan. Trotter sc. 8vo.
James Erskine, seventh earl of Buchan, succeeded his father as
earl of Buchan, in the year 1640. He had a fine of 1000/. imposed
on him for his loyalty to King Charles the First; but obtained a
remission by Cromwell's act of grace and pardon in 1654.
This nobleman greatly improved the paternal estate, being heir to
his mother, Mary Douglass, countess of Buchan, who died in 1 628,
and becoming entitled to considerable property in right of Margaret
Ogilvy, his grandmother, whodied April 20, 1630. The same year
he became heir-general to Patrick Ogilvy, of Auchterhouse," his
great grandfather. He .married Lady Marjory Ramsay, eldest
* Vol. i. p. 134.

1C60.

OF ENGLAND. 221
daughter of William, first earl of Dalhousie, and by her had issue,
William, eighth earl of Buchan, and four daughters : Lady Mar
garet, first married to Fraser of Inneraluchy, and afterward to
Charles, fourth lord Fraser; Lady Anne, married to James
Canaries, D.D. ; Lady Henrietta, married to Thomas Forbes, of
Tolquhoun ; and Lady Jane, married to George Gray, of Halker-
ton. His lordship died in October, 1664.

IRISH NOBILITY*
ROGER, earl of Orrery, &c. J. Mynde sc. 8vp.
Roger, earl of Orrery. Hai^ding.
Roger, earl of Orrery,! fifth son of Richard, earl of Corke, Created
merited, as well as his father, the appellation of Great. He was Sept.o,
great in the cabinet, but much greater in the field, where he acted
a very capital part, and may deservedly be ranked with our military
heroes. No man, in these latter ages, has more distinguished him
self for cool courage, pregnant invention, and reach of thought
than he has done, in the very article of difficulty and danger;
in which none of our countrymen ever equalled him but the great
Earl of Peterborough, who was altogether as happy in his strata
gems and expedients. He, like Atticus, prudently adapted him
self to the changes of the times ; but not by a timid and cautious
conduct, or securing himself by inaction, much less by mean or
sordid compliances. He was a most useful subject to Charles the
First, Cromwell, and Charles the Second. He was not great in
poetry, having written several of his dramatic pieces in the gout,
the paroxysms of which seem to have occasioned some straining
and distortion of thought in these compositions. Dryden some-
* In Gough's "Anecdotes of Topography," p. 686, mention is made of a head
of Lord Donnegal, by Hollar, in a map of Ennishore (Enishowen), a province in
Ireland, dated 1667. The person here represented is Arthur Chichester, second
Earl of Donnegal, and nephew to Arthur the first.]: See an account of him in
Lodge's " Peerage," vol. i. p. 228.
t He often occurs in history under the title of Lord Broghill.
+ Created 30 March, 16if.

222 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
where compares the issue of his brain to the son of Semele, the
god who was produced in torture. Mr. Walpole, who has given
us a detail of his writings, observes, that "the Gout was a very
impotent muse."* His " Art of War," published in folio, 1677,
is a work that does him honour, and is well worthy the reader's
notice.f He died October 16, 1670, in the fifty-ninth year of
his age. His " State Letters," together with his Life, by his
chaplain, Mr. Thomas Morrice, are well worth the notice of the
reader. THOMAS, earl of Ossory. Van Hove sc. h. sh.
Thomas, earl of Ossory ; a small oval; mezz.
Thomas, earl of Ossory. Rdvenetsc. Engraved for
Carte's " Life of the Duke of Ormond ;" fol.
" Thomas, lord Butler, earl of Ossory, general of
his majesty's subjects of Great Britain, in the service
of his highness the Prince of Orange, and the States
ofthe United Provinces; lieutenant-general of his
majesty's forces in the kingdom of Ireland ; lord-
chamberlain to the queen ; one of the lords of his
majesty's most honourable privy-council, in the
kingdoms of England and Ireland ; one of the lords
of his majesty's bed-chamber ; and knight of the
most noble order of the Garter." Lely p. Vandrebanc
sc. sh.
A pompous list of titles and honours, under the portraits of men
of rank, sometimes compose the history of the person represented.
* " Noble Authors,'' vol. ii. p. 239, 2d edit.
t I cannot say so much for his " Parthenissa," a romance, in folio, which was
never completed. The author probably thought it unfashionable not to exercise his
pen in this species of writing, which was much in vogue in the reign of Charles II.
When England ap'd the gallantries of France,
And every flowery courtier wrote romance.
The greatest work of this kind is "Artamenes, or the Grand Cjrus," which is not
of a size suitable lo the grandeur of its hero.

OF ENGLAND. 223
Here we have a man who shone with unborrowed lustre, whose
merit was the foundation of his fame. Though he seemed born
for the camp only, he was perfectly qualified for the court ; not as
a wit, a mimic, or buffoon, but by a propriety of behaviour, the
result of good sense and good breeding. His courage on board
the fleet was scarcely exceeded by that of Prince Rupert and the
Duke of Albemarle ; and theirs was never exceeded by that of
any other sea-officer. He commanded the English troops in the
service of the Prince of Orange ; and at the battle of Mons contri- 1677.
buted greatly to the retreat of Marshal Luxemburg, to whom
Lewis XIV. was indebted for the greatest part of his military glory.
He, on this occasion, received the thanks of the Duke of Villa
Hermosa, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, and also the thanks,
of his Catholic Majesty himself. His speech, addressed to the
Earl of Shaftesbury, in vindication of his father, was universally
applauded :* it even confounded that intrepid orator, who was in
the senate what the Earl of Ossory was in the field. These his
great qualities were adorned by a singular modesty, and a probity
which nothing could corrupt. Poets and historians praise him in
much the same terms, as prose naturally rises to the language*'of
poetry on so elevated a subject. He died of a fever, July 30, 1680,
in the 46th year of his age. The Duke of Ormond, his father, said,
" that he would not exchange his dead son for any living son in
Christendom." See Class VII.

ROGER PALMER, earl of Castlemaine; in a
large wig ; \2mo. (Faithorne.)
Roger, earl of Castlemaine. Harding.
Roger Palmer, earl of Castlemaine ; from an
original by Kneller, at Strawberry Hill, in the " Noble
Authors," by Park.
Roger Palmer, husband to Mrs. Palmer, tlie royal mistress,f
was, by Charles II. created earl of Castlemaine. A man of nice
honour would never have accepted of this title, as the whole world
• See " Biog. Brit." p. 1075.
t Afterward Dutchess of Cleveland*

224 BIOGRAPHICAL- HISTORY
knew on what account it was conferred. It indeed appears that he
had some scruples upon that head, as he did not accept of it when
it was first offered him. In 1680 he was accused as an accomplice
in the Meal-tub Plot, and was brought to a public trial; but nothing
was proved against him. He was a good proficient in the mathe
matics, and was the inventor of a " horizontal globe," of which he
wrote an explanatory pamphlet.* He was author of " An Account
of the present War betwixt the Venetians and the Turks," &c. 1660;
l'imo. and of "A short and true Account of the material Passages
in the late War betwixt the English and Dutch ;" 1671 ; 12mo. His
head is prefixed to both these books. See more of him, and his
works, in the " Catalogue of the Royal and noble Authors." See
also the reign of James II.

HENRICUS HERUS, baro de Colerane, &c.
half-length, standing at a table ; h.sh. This print was
begun by Faithorne, who engraved the face, wig, and
neckcloth, and a very small part of the adjoining dra
pery ; the rest was done by Vertue.f
Henry, lord Colerane, with Thomas Killegrew,
inscribed " The princely Shepherds."
Henry, lord Colerane, Mt. 67, 1703 ; mezz. oval;
VIVIT HERVS.
Henry Hare, lord Colerane ; in " Noble Authors,"
by Mr. Park.
Henry Hare, or Here, lord Colerane ; an anony
mous whole length, in a pilgrim's habit, sitting and.
writing ; Jacob's ladder, with angels, ascending and de
scending, in a pyramid ; a view of Venice at a distance.
Faithorne sc. h.sh.

* " Hist, of Europe for 1705."
t From the information of his widow.

OF ENGLAND. 225
The reverend Mr. Lort, late Greek professor at Cambridge, on
whose authority I rely, informed me that this is the portrait of Lord
Colerane; and that the print is prefixed to Lauredanus's " Ascent
of the Soul."
Henry, son of Hugh, the first baron of Colerane, was eminent Created
for divine and human literature. He was particularly skilled in 16*5.
antiquities, especially medals, of which he well knew the utility.
His family, which is said to have sprung from a branch of that of
Harcourt, in Lorrain, and to have had its descent from one of the
Norman adventurers who attended the Conqueror, has been noted
for men of learning.
: Lord Colerane's publications appear to have been " The Ascent
Of the Soul ; or David's Mount towards God's House : being
Paraphrases on the Fifteen Psalms of Degrees. Written in Italian,
by the illustrious Gio. Francesco Loredano, a noble Venetian,
1656; rendered into English, Anno Dom. 1665:" Lond. 1681; fol.
Before this book is a frontispiece engraved by Faithorne from his
Lordship's own design : it is an allegorical print of the translator in
a pilgrim's habit, sitting and writing. The book itself is dedicated
to the, most honoured Lucinda, in verse and prose: and at the close
of the volume are verses superscribed — " The eucharist at Easter,
1657 ; on the recovery of my most dear and honoured Lucinda."
" La Scala Santa ; or, a Scale Of Devotion, musical and gradual :
being Descants on the Fifteen Psalms of Degrees in Metre ; with
Contemplations and Collects upon them, in Prose," 1670: 1 68 1 ; fol.
ARTHUR CHICHESTER, earl of Donnegal.
W. Hollar, 1661 ; a small oval, in a map of Enishowen :
in the British Museum ; copied.
Arthur, the eldest son of Edward, viscount Chichester, was born
June 16, 1606 ; and July 16, 1625, was appointed captain ofthe
first troop or company that should become void ; which happening
in 1627, by the resignation of the Lord Valentia, he succeeded him
in the command of fifty horsemen, and was made governor of Car
rickfergus for life, after the decease of his father. In 1639, he
represented the county of Antrim in parliament; in 1640, was cap
tain of sixty-three carbineers, with the pay of 1/. 4*. a day. and, by the
name of Colonel Arthur Chichester, did good service against the
rebels. vol. iv. 2 G

226 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He was residing at Carrickfergus when the first tidings were
brought thither, on Saturday, October 23, 1641, about ten o'clock
at night, of the approach of the rebels. He immediately, by fires
and alarm drums, raised the country, and the next day (leaving only
fifty musketeers, under Captain Roger Lyndon, to guard the castle)
delivered the rest of the arms, with ammunition, to the country
people, whom he formed into companies ; and on the 25th, with
about three hundred horse and fooV marched to Belfast, where he
was joined by one hundred and fifty men from Antrim. On the 27th,
he met the Lord Montgomery at Lisburne, whose forces united
were about one thousand horse and foot ; and November 1 , a com
mission arriving from the Lords Justices and Council, to him and
Sir Arthur Tyringham, to command in chief within the county of
Antrim, and to order and dispose of places according to their dis
cretion, they took the best methods in their power for the defence
ofthe country, and suppression of the rebellion.
King Charles, being satisfied of his loyalty and affection, and of
his good abilities to serve him, constituted him by commission,
Feb. 14, 1643, governor of Belfast and the territory of Enishowen,
forbidding all persons to billet or garrison any soldiers in those
places, or make any assessments upon the inhabitants, without his
licence and approbation ; and for the better fortifying of the town
of Belfast, his majesty directed the lord-lieutenant to advance 1000/.
to him forthwith. — But when, through the defection of the army in
the north, he could do the king no farther service in those parts, he
removed to Dublin, where, in December, 1644, he was sworn ofthe
privy-council ; and Jan. 2, following, with the rest ofthe officers of
the Marquis of Ormond's regiment, resolved not to take the cove
nant, then imposed upon them by the English parliament, but to
preserve their allegiance to his majesty, and obey the orders of his
lord-lieutenant. His fidelity to his prince, affection to his country; and activity
against the rebels, were so eminent, that the Marquis of Ormond,
in his letter to the king, Jan. 19, 1645, thus represents him to his
majesty : " You have been graciously pleased of late to reward some,
that have either served your majesty actually, or suffered for you
eminently in their persons or fortunes, with new creations, or with
additions of honour in this kingdom. That Colonel Arthur Chi
chester hath missed such a mark of your majesty's favour, I con
ceive to have been through his own modesty, and my not represent
ing his personal merit. If he outlives his father, he will be in among

OF ENGLAND. 227
the foremost of the viscounts of this kingdom in place, and, I am
sure, beyond them all, except one, in fortune, though he be for the
present deprived of the latter for his faithfulness to your majesty's
crown, the same means whereby his uncle got both it and his
honour. He hath served your majesty against the Irish rebellion
since the beginning of it ; and when, through an almost general
defection of the northern army, he was no longer able to serve your
majesty there, he came, with much hazard, to take his share in the
sufferings of your servants here, and with them to attend for that
happy time, that, we trust, will put us in a condition to contribute
more to your service than our prayers. If your majesty shall think
fit to advance this gentleman to an earldom, I conceive that of
Dunnegall, a county in the province of Ulster, wherein he should
have a good inheritance, is fittest, which I humbly offer to your
majesty's consideration, as a part of the duty of
" Your majesty's, &c.
" Ormond."
The king, upon this representation, was pleased, by privy-seal,
dated at Newcastle, Jan. 15, 1646, and by patent at Dublin,
March 30, 1647, to create him Earl of Donnegal, with limitation of
the honour to the issue male of his father, and the annual creation
fee of 15/. sterling. In 1647, he was one ofthe four hostages sent
by the Marquis of Ormond to the English parliament, as surety for
his performance of the articles between them, for the delivery of
Dublin, and the other garrisons, to their commissioners.
After the restoration he was made captain of a troop of horse,
and in 1662, one of the trustees for satisfaction of the personal
arrears of the commissioned officers, for service in Ireland before
June 5, 1649. June 25, 1661, he took his seat in the first parlia
ment after the restoration ; was governor of Carrickfergus ; and in
1668, established a mathematical lecture in the university of Dublin ;
but dying at Belfast, March 18, 1674, was buried at Carrickfergus,
May 20, 1675, according to his request in his will, whereby he
bequeathed to the poor of that parish 50/. and to those of Belfast
200/.
MURROCH O'BRIEN, first earl of Inchiquin ;
a small head, inscribed, 1646, Hon. D. Mor. Bar.

228 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Dinghinquin. D. Prceses. Prov : Momonie, Mt. 30.
in Simon's « Medals," plate XV.
Murroch O'Brien, the sixth baron of Inchiquin, was a nobleman
of great spirit, and performed many brave actions for the service of
his country, in the distracted time of the rebellion. At his accession
to the honour he was in his minority, but had a special livery of his
lands, and taking early to arms, went into Italy, then the seat of
war, to improve himself in that science ; where he served in the
Spanish troops till his return to Ireland in 1639, in which year he
took his seat in parliament, and was constituted vice-president of
Munster, under Sir William St. Leger, whom he accompanied
against the rebels in the county of Waterford, and with Colonel
Jephson marched into Roche's country and Orrery ; relieved the
castle of Rathgogan, and took Ballyha, with the slaughter of two
hundred of the enemy.
Having the command of a troop of English horse, he defeated
a party of Irish in the barony of Fermoy ; and on Sir William
St. Leger's death, the lord-lieutenant conferred on him the entire
military command of Munster, joining the Earl of Barrymore in
commission with him, to manage the civil government ; upon whose
decease be became solely vested with the civil command, and was of
the privy-council to King Charles the First.
In the latter end of the war, his forces being seduced by Crom
well's spies, revolted, whereby finding himself exposed to his ene
mies, and his life in danger, he embarked with Lord Ormond, and
landed at Perouse, in Basse-Bretagne, in France ; from whence he
went to Italy, and, returning to France, was made lieutenant-general
by the French king of his army : after which he served in Spain and
.the Netherlands ; and being ordered to command the troops sent to
assist the Portuguese on their revolt from Spain, he, with his eldest
son, and all his family, were taken by an Algerine corsair, which
occasioned the sending of Count Schomberg on that service, who
extricated the King of Portugal from many troubles.
Having ransomed himself and family, he retired into France, and
surviving his own private troubles, and the confusions of the public,
lived to see the restoration of Charles II. with whom he returned
into England, and was rewarded by him, for his eminent services
and sufferings, with the dignity and title of Inchiquin, and was

OF ENGLAND. 229
restored to his estate by act of parliament in England ; and in the
act of explanation, the sum of 8000/. was ordered to be paid him out
of the treasury, as a mark of his majesty's favourable and gracious
consideration of his loyal service.
His lordship by his will, dated Sept. 11, 1673, directed his body
to be buried in the cathedral church of Limerick, and after his
youngest daughter Mary's portion of 3000/. should be paid, that his
son should cause a handsome and decent monument to be built
over his grave. Lord Inchiquin died September the 9th, 1674,
aged 58.
HILDEBRAND, third and last lord Allington,
of Killard, in Ireland. R. Wilkinson exc. 4to.
This nobleman succeeded his nephew Giles, lord Allington, of
Wimondley, in the county of Hertford, who died an infant of ten
years old, in 1691 ; in whom the English Barony ceased, and the
Irish honour devolved on his uncle Hildebrand, in whom, he dying
without issue, the male line of the Allingtons and the title became
extinct together.
William, lord Allington, elder brother of Hildebrand, third and
last lord of the family, left his estate, at that time the largest
in Cambridgeshire, to his relict, till his children came of age, with
a power of granting leases, in order to raise fortunes for his daugh
ters, and that then it should go to his heir male. The will, however,
being improperly drawn up, the widow found she had a power of
granting leases for any time; and accordingly made a lease ofthe
whole to Henry Bromley, afterwards lord Montfort, for 999 years ;
so that Hildebrand, lord Allington, uncle and heir male of Giles the
last lord, could receive no benefit from the reversion, and sold his
right to the said Mr. Bromley. An act of parliament, obtained
some years since, enabled the late Lord Montford (or others for him)
to dispose of this estate to pay incumbrances ; and by virtue of
the powers contained in this act, the noble seat of Horseheath
Hall has been sold to strangers, and has been subsequently pulled
down.

WENTWORTH DILLON, earl of Roscommon.
S. Harding, 1800.

230 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Wentworth Dillon, son of James, the third earl of Roscommon,
is supposed to have been born in Ireland about the year 1633,
during the government of that country by the Earl of Strafford,
who, being both his uncle and godfather, gave him his surname.
At his seat in Yorkshire he was first instructed in Latin, in which
he made considerable progress ; but when the prosecution com
menced against Lord Strafford, he was sent to Caen, in Normandy,
.by the advice of Archbishop Usher, who had converted his father
from popery. At Caen he prosecuted his academical studies under
the learned Bochart ; and afterward travelled into Italy, where he
examined with care the valuable remains of classical antiquity, and
acquired uncommon skill in the knowledge of medals. Soon after
the restoration, Lord Roscommon returned to England, and was
made captain of the band of pensioners ; but this preferment
proved a misfortune, as it led him into extravagances which induced
a passion for gaming. This impaired his fortune, involved him in
quarrels, and made it prudent for him to retire to Ireland to look
after his estate. On his return to England he was appointed
master ofthe horse to the Dutchess of York, and married Frances,
daughter ofthe Earl of Burlington. He now cultivated literature,
and formed a plan of a literary society ; but the gout put a period
to his life and his project in 1684. At the moment in which he
expired, he repeated with the most fervent devotion two lines of
his own version of Dies Ira;.
" My God, my father, and my friepd,
Do not forsake me at my end."
Lord Roscommon was the author of several poetic pieces, which
possess considerable merit, but on which such high commendations
were bestowed in his own time, as he probably would not have
obtained had he been of inferior rank. Fenton partially remarks,
" In his writings we view the image of a mind that was naturally
serious and solid, richly furnished, and adorned with all the orna
ments of art and science, and those ornaments unaffectedly dis
posed in the most regular and elegant order." From this account
of the riches of his mind, says Dr. Johnson, who would not
imagine that they had been displayed in large volumes and nu
merous performances ? who would not be surprised that they are
not sufficient to form a single book, or to appear otherwise than
in conjunction with the works of some other writer of the same
petty size ? We must however allow of Roscommon, what is very

OF ENGLAND. 231
much to his honour, that he is the only correct writer in verse before
Addison ; and that if there are not so many or so great beauties in
his compositions as in those of some contemporaries, there are at
least fewer faults. His versification is smooth, but rarely vigorous,
and his rhymes are remarkably exact. He improved taste if he did
not enlarge knowledge, and may be numbered among the bene
factors to English literature.

END OF vol. iv.

Printed by J. F. Dove, St. John's Square.

DIRECTIONS

S?OR PLACING RICHARDSON'S COLLECTION OF PORTRAITS IN GRANGER'S
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

*ft* The Numerals stand for the Vol. and the Figures for the Page.
ABEL, Aid. and R. Kilvert, two maine projectors for wine,
1641, iii. 248.
Alabaster, Guil. Mt. sues LXVI. ii. 351.
Albemarle, Christopher, duke of, iv. 156.
_  , Anne, dutchess of, v. 355.
Allen, Thomas, M. A. ii. 145.
Alsop, George, v. 56.
Archangel, Father ; inscribed, " Reverendus Pater Archan-
gelus," &c. ii. 82.
Archee, jester to King Charles I. ; inscribed,
" This is no Hackle John nor Summers Will,
Bat here is mirth drawn from the Muses quill :
Doubt not (kinde Reader), be bat pleas'd to view
These witty jests, they are not ould but new.''

iii. 241.

Armstrong, sir Thomas, executed 1684, v. 174.
Atundell, Thomas, earle of, ii. 274.
¦  ¦  , Alathea Talbot, countess of, iii. 208.
Ashmole, Elias, iv. 55.
Aylett, Robert ; inscribed,
" Dies mei sunt ut umbra inclinata,
Consumpsimus annos tanquaru sermonem."
Ayscue, sir George, v. 158.
vol. iv. 2 h

iii. 29.

234 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Baokwell, Edward, alderman of London, Obit. 1679,
v. 184.
Bacon, sir Nathaniel, 1. 330.
Balfore, sir William, iii. 109.
Bancroft, the Rev. Richard, archbishop of Canterbury,
ii. 43.
Banfi, John ; inscribed, " Johannes Banfl Huniades Rivu-
lensis Ungarus olim," &c. Gowy del. iii. 282.
Barkley, sir Robert, one of the justices of the King's
Bench, iii. 19.
Barkstead, John, regicide, executed at Tyburn, 1662,
v. 135.
Baron, Robert ; inscribed,
" Vultus Appellinea pictus Barone tabella est,
Totus Apollinea pingitur arte liber."
Mt. sues 17. iii. 138.
Beard, Thomas, schoolmaster to Oliver Cromwell ; in
scribed, " Pedantius," ii. 375.
Bedford, Lucy Harrington, countess of; inscribed, " No-
bjlissima & Prudent. Do. Lucia Harin. com. Bedfordias,"
ii. 171.
Bell, Francis, a Jesuit ; inscribed, " R. P. F. Franciscus
Bel Conventus," &c. ii. 385.
Benlowes, Edw.aid> iv. 38.
Bethel, Slingsby, esq. one of the sheriffs of London and
Middlesex, anno 1680, v. 184.
Blount, sir Henry, v. 275.
Brady, Henry ; inscribed, "Adm. Rev. illustri clanssimoq .
D.D. H. Brady, equiti," &c. v. 91.
Brereton, sir William, major-gen. of Cheshire, Stafford?
shire, and Lancashire, iii. 74.
Bridgeman, Dr. John, bishop of Chester, 1628, ii. 168.
Brog, sir William ; inscribed, " Heer Wilhelm Brog, Rid-
der ende coronej general Vande Scotsche natie anno
1635," iii. 81.

THE PORTRAITS. 235
Brome, Richard ; inscribed,
" Reader! lo heere thou wilt two faces finde,
One of the body, t'other of the minde ;
This by the graver so, that with much strife,
Wee thinke Brome dead, hee's drawne so to the life
That by's owne pen's done so ingeinously
That who read's it must thinke hee ne'er shalt dy." — A. B.
iii. 131.
Browne, Richard, major-general of Oxon, Berkshire, and
Buckingham, iii. 71.
Bruen, John, i. 303.
Buckingham, George Villiers, duke of ; from an extra rare
print by Droeshout, ii. 23.
Bullaker, John ; inscribed, " R. P. F. Joannes Baptista,
alias Bullaker," &c. ii. 384.
Bullen, or Bulleyn, initial letters W. B. i. 305.
Bullingbrooke, Oliver St. John, earle of, Lord St. John of
Bletso, ii. 299.
Burton, William De Faid. com. Staff, anno Mt. sua 47,
1622, ii. 147.
Calender, the earle of, iii. 79.
Calver, Mr. Edward, of Wilbie in the county of Suffolke,
iii. 106.
Cameron, sir Ewen, chief of the clan Cameron, iv. 13.
Carleton, George ; inscribed, " Vera effigies Rdi in Christo
Patris Carleton Episcpi Cicestrien"9," ii. 57.
Cartwright, sir Hugh, chevalier Anglois, iv. 22.
 , William ; inscribed,
" Thus thy left hand the mighty Stagyrite
Supports, that thou mightst shield him w"' thy right :
Whose early soul aym'd high yet allwaies hit ;
The sharpest, cleanest, full square, leading wit ;
The best tymes best, could'st farthest soonest pierce,
Of all that walk in prose or dance in verse ;
Tis Cartwright in his shadow's shadow drest.
He never is transcrib'd that once writes best," ii. 367.

236 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Carve, Thomas, Tipperariensis Notarius Apostolicus, v. 97.
Castlehaven, Mervin, earl of, ii. 326.
Cawton, Thomas; inscribed, "Si non nunc quando,"iii.336.
Chambers, Dr. anno Mt. sues 88, i. 173.
Chapman, George, ii. 129.
Child, sir Josiah, bart. vi. 123.
Clifford, lady Anne, the only daughter and heir of George,
earl of Cumberland, Mt. 13, 1603, ii. 176.
Colerane, Constantia Lucy, lady, v. 401.
College, Stephen ; inscribed,
" By Irish oaths & wrested law I fell,
A prey to Rome, a sacrifice to liell.
My bleeding innocence, for justice cryes ;
Heare, heare, O Heaven, for man my suit denyes." vi. 8.
Corbet, col. Miles, regicide, executed at Tyburn, 1662,
v. 201.
Cork, Richard Boyle, first earl of, ii. 327.
Cornish, alderman, executed October 23, 1685, vi. 129.
Coryate, Thomas ; inscribed, " Vera effigies Thomas Co-
ryat," ii. 149.
Cottington, Francis, lord, ii. 273.
Cotton, Charles, esq. v. 252.
Crompton, Hugh, iv. 41.
Cromwell, Elizabeth, wife ofthe Protector ; inscribed,
" From feigned glory and usurped throne,
And all the grealnesse to me falsely shown,
And from the arts of government set free,
See how Protectress and a Drudge agree.'' iii. 298.
Cumberland, George Clifford, earl of, armed for a tour
nament, i. 243.
Curtius, sir William, vi. 36.
Cutts, John, lord, iv. 119.
Daniel, Samuel, poet, ii. 128.
Davies, John, writing-master of Hereford, ii. 165.

THE PORTRAITS. 237
De la Mer, Henry Booth, lord, vi. 77.
Denbigh, Basil Fielding, earl of, ii. 296.
Denny, lord, i. 137.
Derby, Charles, earl of, lord Stanley, &c. iv. 165.
Desborough, major-general John, iii. 366.
Devonshire, Edward Courtney, earl of, i. 190.
Dingley, Robert ; inscribed, " Vera effigies Roberti Din-
glei in Artib. Magistri," iii. 326.
Dixie, sir Wolstan, lord mayor, 1585, i. 300.
Dod, John ; inscribed,
" A grave divine ; precise, not turbulent ;
And never guilty ofthe churches rent.
Meek even to sinners ; most devout to God :
This is but part of the due praise of Dod." ii. 74.
Dolben, John, archbishop of York, 1683, 06. 1686, v. 13.
Dorislaus, Dr. assassinated at the Hague, 1649, iii. 30.
Dorset, Edward Sackville, earl of, ii. 285.
Drayton, Michael ; inscribed, " Effigies Michaelis Dray
ton, armigeri poetae," ii. 127.
Ellesmere, Thomas Egerton, baron of; inscribed, "Ho-
noratiss Dus Thomas Egertonus, Baro de Ellesmer," &c.
ii. 90.
Ellis, Edmund ; inscribed, " JEtatis suae 28, An° D1 1662 ;"
arms, five half-moons, v. 54.
Elizabeth, princess ; inscribed, " Serenissima Princeps
Elisabetha, filia secunda Caroli Magn. Brit. Fran. &
Hib. Regis." iii. 287.
Essex, Robert Devereux, earl of, his excellency, &c.
general of the army, iii. 59.
 , Margaret Elizabeth, countess of, iii. 212.
Estienne, chevalier, seigneur des Vignau du Plessis, &c.
i. 93.
Everard, Dr. Giles, iv. 34.

238 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Fairfax, William ; inscribed,
" To Frankenlhal when seige Cordova layde.
So was our Britishe king-craft overkDav'd
By Gondomer as in it Martir-made ,
This honorable Cadet ; and soe stav'd
Of all recruits that Burroughs there comander
Our glorious Borrooghs was compell'd to render." ii. 100.
Fairfax, the right honourable Ferdinand, lord, iii. 65.
Falconberg, lady, iv. 79.
Falkland, the lady viscountess Lettice, iii. 236.
Fell, John, bishop of Oxford, v. 19.
Finch, Edward; inscribed, " Ed. Finch his perambulations,
and away for Hamersmith," ii. 366.
Flatman, Thomas, poet, v. 256.
Gamble, John; inscribed,
" This to the graver owes,
But read and find
By his own hand,
A most harmonious mind." jy_ 75.
Garnet, Henry; inscribed, "Si quid patimini propter jus-
titiam beati petris Henricus Garnetus, Anglus e societate
Jesu passus 3 May 1606," ii. 80.
Geninges, or Jennings, Edmund ; inscribed,
" Edmundi speciem spectat quicumque Geuingi
Robora, virtu torn spectet et ille fidem.
IpsVM ter DVroe fera LeX, fera neXVe bearVnt,
Terq. omenta dies dena Decemhris erat.
Namq tenet raptum dum cor e corpore liclor,
Gregory e coelis numina lingua petit;
Huic dens ex proprio vix nato nascitar ore,
Rohoris hoc signam proq fideq Deo." i. 275.
Goldsmith, Francis, poet, iv. 40.
Gondamor, count ; inscribed, " Effigies eximij viri Dni
Didaci Salmientide Acuna. comitis de Gondomare equitis
nobti ordinis Calatravae," ii. 222.
Goodwin, John; windmill over his head, iii. 332.

THE PORTRAITS. 239
Greatrakes, Valentine, v. 232.
Guldeforde,sir Henry, i. 109.
 , lady, i. 148.
Gyles, Henry; inscribed, " Glass painting for windows,
as armes, sundyals, history, landskipt, &c. Done by
Henry Gyles ofthe city of York," vi. 145.
Hall, Jacob, the famous rope-dancer, vi. 13.
Hall, John, poet, Mtatis suae 19, 1646, iii. 158.
 , John; inscribed, "I. H. anno aetatis suas 35," i. 30S.
Harley, sir Robert, iii. 88.
Harper, sir William, lord mayor, 1561, i. 301.
Harrison, John, esq. of Leedes, iii. 98.
Harrington, James, iv. 60.
 ', sir John, translator of Ariosto, i. 313.
Hartford, William Seymour, marquis of, ii. 289.
Hartgill, George, i. 267.
Harvey, Dr. William ; inscribed, " Gulielmus Harveus,"
iii. 115.
Heath, Henry; inscribed, " R. P. F. Paulus A. S. Mag-
dalena alias Heath," &c. ii. 385.
Herbert, Edward, lord, of Chierbery, ii, 318.
Herrick, Robert, poet, iii. 136.
Heydon, John ; inscribed, " Vera et viva effigies Johannis
Heydon," &c. v. 303.
Heywood, John, poet; inscribed, " I. H," i. 207.
Hicks, William ; inscribed,
" Though thou no prophet art, nor prophet's son,
Without their spirit, this could ne'er be done ;
Though Brightman, Napeir, Mede, are gone to rest,
Their sp'rite yet lives redoubled in thy breast.
Yee lhat have cast.th' Apocalyps to ground,
Because so dark, mysterious, and profound,
Why lake it up againe, and use this glasse,
Twill then no longer for a mystrie passe.'' iv. 46.

240 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Hill, Emery, esq. founder of the almshouses in Tothill
Fields, v. 194.
Hobson, Tobias, the Cambridge carrier, iii. 242.
Hoddesdon, John ; inscribed,
" Though in this darker shade there something lyes
Might bee the load-stone of all learned eyes,
There's ne'er a leafe in which I cannot spie
Th' Author in's more true Anatomie :
Yet all's too little, Hee is but made less
By th' Painter's Pencil, or the Printer's Press." iv. 43.
Holland, Philemon, iii. 118.
 , Henry Rich, earl of, ii. 298.
 •, Hezekiah, minister of the gospell at Sutton Va
lence in Kent, iii. 338.
Hollis, sir Tretswell, v. 164.
Hoskins, sir John, vi. 117.
Hotham, sir John, governor of Hull, iii. 11.
Hudson, Jeffery, queen Henrietta Maria's dwarf, iii. 245.
Huntingdon, Elizabeth, countess of; inscribed, "Vera
effigies Dominae Elizabethan nuper comitissae Hunting
don," iii. 210.
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, earl of, ii. 292.
James, duke of York, ii. 254.
Jefferies, sir George, lord chief-justice of England, v. 122.
Jegon, John, Mt. 50, 1601. Ob. 1617, ii. 53.
Jessy, Henry, ii. 373.
Jollife, lady Mary, daughter to Ferdinando, late earl of
Huntingdon, v. 371.
Jordan, admiral sir Joseph, v. 161.
Ireland, William, a Jesuit ; inscribed, " R. P. Gulielmus
Irlandus societatis Jesu sacerdos," v. 94.
Ireton, Thomas Sanders de, iv. 6.

THE PORTRAITS. 241

Keeling, Josiah, vi. 7.
Kingston, Richard ; inscribed,
" Umbra viri facies hsec est surgentis in ultutn,
Effigiem melius pagina culta dabit.
Ingentes animse superant virtutibus artem
Vostermanne, tuam, vel Titiane tuam."
Koningsmark, Charles John, lord, vi. 40.

v. 52.

Lamotte, John, esq. citizen of London, iii. 102.
Langhorn, Richard, executed 14th July, 1679, v. 129.
Lant, Thomas ; inscribed, " God is my lot, God createth,
Man immitateth, Vertu flourisheth, Death finisheth ;"
initial letters T. L. i. 331.
Lawson, sir John, slain 1665, v. 160.
Lee, sir Thomas, mercer, i. 301.
 , William ; inscribed, " Effig. vera Guli. Lee Patris
Huius Progeniei, ^Etatis suae 89, An" 1632," iii. 104.
Leland, John, a bust on a pedestal, in Refectorio Coll.
Omn. Anim. Oxon, i. 126.
Lenox, James Stuart, duke of, ii. 281.
Ley, sir James, lord chief-justice of the King's Bench,
ii. 95.
Lister, sir Martin, knight, 1626, iii. 90.
Lockyer, Nicholas ; inscribed, " The true Effigies of the
truly Religious, Learned, and Juditious Divine, etc. Ni
cholas Lockyer, Mr. of Arts," iii. 325.
Lower, sir William, iv. 39.
Lovelace, Richard, a bust on an urn, inscribed, " Lucasta
Posthume Poems of R. L." iii. 132.
Lumley, John, lord, 1609, ii. 37.
Mackenzie, sir George, Ob. 1691, Mt. 55, v. 131.
Manchester, Edward, lord Montague, baron of Kimbolton,
viscount Mandevile, &c. ii. 273.
vol. iv. 2 i

242 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Marriot, the great eater ; inscribed,
" Here to your view's presented the great eater,
Marriot the lawyer, Grayes-Innes cormorant ;
Who for his gutt is become a meer cheater ;
Those that will feed him councell shall not want." iv. 97.
Marsham, sir John, Mt.suce 80, v. 269.
Massingberd, Henry ; inscribed,
" I thinke it meete as long as I am in this tabernacle to stir you np, by putting
you in remembrance ; seeing I know that the lime is at hand that I must lay
down this my tabernacle, I will eudevour therefore that ye allso may be able to
have remembrance of these things after my departure, Pet. 2. 1. 13, 14, 15.
The Lord will perfect yl which concerneth me, Psal. 13. 8." iv. 61.
Massinger, Philip, poet, iii. 129.
Matthews, Tobias, archiepiscopus Eboracensis, ii 82.
Matoaka als. Rebecka, daughter to the mighty Prince
Powhatan, emperor of Virginia, ii. 186.
May, Thomas, esq. poet, iv. 36.
Meldrum, sir John, iii 79.
Mews, Dr. Peter, bishop of Winchester, 1684, Ob. 1707,
Mt. 89, v. 6.
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, earl of, ii. 297.
Middleton, Thomas, poet; inscribed, " Vera effigies Tho.
Middleton, gent." iii. 132.
Street, Thomas ; inscribed, " Thomas Street Miles, jus-
ticiarius Communis Banci, iEtatis 63," vi. 117.
Mill, Humphry; inscribed, " The second part of the Night
Search, with the projects of these times, in a poem by
H. Mill," iii. 139.
Mingh (or Minns), Christopher, admiral, 1666, v. 162.
Moll Cut-purse ; inscribed,
" See here the Presidesse o'th pilfring trade,
Mercuryes second Venus's onely mayd.

THE PORTRAITS. 243
Doublet and breeches in a un'form dresse
The Female Humurrist a kickshaw messe.
Here no attraction that your fancy greets,
But if her features please not read her feats.'' iii. 252.
Monck, Nicholas, bishop of Hereford, 1660, Obit . 1661,
Mt. 60, v. 8.
Mordaunt, John, viscount; inscribed, " L'lllustrissimo Ca-
valiero Giovanni Mordaunt d'Aviland, barone de Ry-
gole," &c. iii. 313.
Morice, sir William, knight, secretary of state to Charles
II. v. 101.
Mosly, sir Nich. clothworker, lord mayor of the city of
London 1599, i. 299.
Mountaigne, George, archbishop" of York 1628, ii. 49.
Mowbray and Mai travers, Henry, baron of, ii. 314.
Murcot, John ; inscribed,
" Here stand and live in thy immortall page,
Thou golden Preacher in an iron age ;
Ireland laraenls thy losse whose powerfull word,
Wrought on her greater conquests then the sword ;
Their bodies were subdu'd by armes and arts,
But thou (blest conqueror) didst win their hearts." iii. 338.
Myddleton, sir Hugh, the original projector of the New
River, which he brought from Ware, in Hertfordshire, to
London, and by which he was ruined, ii. 103.
Nalton, the true effigies of Mr. James, iii. 336.
Neale, Thomas ; inscribed, "Vera effigies Thomas Nigelli,
armigeri Warnefordiensis," iii. 161.
Newcastle, William Cavendish, earl of, viscount Mansfield,
lord Boulsover and Ogle, ii. 290.
 , Henry Cavendish, duke of, 1676, iv. 162.
 , Margaret, dutchess of, v. 261.

244 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Newport, Mountjoy-Blount, earl of, loid Mountjoy of*
Thurveston, master of the ordinance, ii. 303.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, earl of, 1619; inscribed,
" If art could shew the spirit in the face,
And in dead lines express a living grace ;
You might (though wanting an inscription) sweare
That this the shadow of a Percy were :
For when the noble Romane worthies liv'd,
Though greater fame their fortunes have atcheiv'd ;
No braver spiritls did in Rome command.
Then were the Percy's of Northumberland." ii. 81.
Nott, sir Thomas, kn', one of the gentlemen-ushers in ordi
nary ofthe honble privy chamber, to his present Mafie King
Charles the Second, v. 190.
Oates, Titus, standing in the pillory, vi. 167.
Okey, col. J. executed at Tyburn 1662, iii. 74.
 , on horseback, iii. 74.
Oldcastle, John, lord Cobham, i. 50.
Orange, the most illustrious and noble William of Nassau,
prince of, born 1627, and married 23 May 1641, iii. 264.
 , the high borne princesse, Mary princesse of Orange,
etc. maried at Whitehall 23 May 1641, borne 4 Nov.
1631, ii. 257.
O'Toole, Arthurus Severus Nonesuch, Mtatis 80.
" Great Mogul's landlord, of both Indies king,
Whose self-admiring fame doth loudly ring,
Writes fourscore years, more kiDgdoins he hath right to,
The stars say so, and for them he will fight too :
And though this worthless age will not believe him".
But clatter, splatter, slander, scoff to grieve him ;
Yet he and all the world in this agree.
That such another Toole will never be." ii. 100.
Overbury, sir Thomas, writing his epitaph; inscribed,
" Those swan-like notes, sung so inspiredly
To thy untimely fall, prove most exact

THE PORTRAITS. 245
Lines drawne from life, and thy swift Tragedie
Showes but thine owne Soules Prophecie in Act.
Thy Name and Vertues live, to kill thy mould
Was all Imprisonment, and Poyson could,
But thy more heavenly Self from double chaines
Sett free (at once) thy Body and the Tower
In that supreme unpartiall court remains,
Wher nor Ambition, Envy, Lust have power,
Redeem'd from poysonous plotts, from Witches charme,
From Weston & th' Apothecaries harme." ii. 128.
Oxendon, sir Henry de Barham ; inscribed, " Non est
mortale quod opto 1647," v. 260.
Oxford, the right honourable and truly generous Robert
Veere, earl of, Lo. Bulbeck, Sandford, and Scales, being
the 23d earle of that noble family since the Conquest.
He was slayne at the seidge of Mastrict, anno 1632,
and left issue two sons, ii. 291.
Paris, Matthew ; inscribed, " Matthaei Parisiensis his-
torici (qui obijt 1259) vera effigies, ex libro ejus chroni-
corum MS. olim sui ipsius, nunc regio desumpta," i. 58.
Parkinson, John, author of the Herbalist, iii. 155.
Paston, lady, with coat of arms, a chevron betwixt three
owls ; motto, " De luevix ie pense mieulx." iv. 88.
Pecke, Thomas ; inscribed,
" Aonidom juvenile decus doctaeque Thalia;,
Gloria Peckeidum deliciaeque domus ;
Pingitur effigies tantura hie, sed vivet imago
Ilia Animi jEterno perpetuanda stylo." iv. 44.
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, earle of, and Montgomery, etc.
lord chamberlaine of his MaKes most honble houshold,
ii. 283.
Pendrill, William, of Boscobell, Mt. 84, vi. 1.
Pennington, the true portraiture of the right honourable
Isaac, lord mayor of the city of London, iii. 92.

246 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Pennington, the true portracture of that famous and valliaht
sea cap' sir John, knight, one of the gentlemen in ordi-
narie of his Ma"" privie chamber, governour and captaine
of Sandowne Castle in Kent, and vice admirall of his
Mata fleete for this expedition, anno 1636 & 1637, iii. 58.
Perrott, sir John, deputy of Ireland 1584, i. 241.
Percy, Thomas, principal in the Gunpowder Plot conspi
racy, 1605; inscribed, " Hsec est vera & prima origi-
nalis editio Thomas Perci," &c. ii. 190.
Perwich, Susanna ;
", Her's all that's left, Reader, untimely Death
Hath snatcht lhe rest ; he needs would stop the breath
Of this our sweet harmonious Queene of love,
And by her lifeless picture plainly prove
Nor Goodness, Beauty, Breeding, finest parts
Where sin is found, can shend from his fierce darts,
But what th' Effigies wants, the Booke will tell
Her inward Splendors, looke and view them well." iv. 90.
Peters, Hugh ; windmill on his head and the devil on his
shoulder, iii. 342.
Pope Hadrianus IV. i. 55.
Pope Johannes VIII. commonly known by the name of
Pope Joan, i. 53.
Pordage, John; inscribed, '" Effigies Johannis Pordage,
philosophi, medici, theologi, authoris hujus figuree hiero-
gliphicse," iii. 344.
Poyntz, major-generall, iii. 71.
Prideaux, the right reverend father in God John, late Bp
of Worcester, ii. 339.
Purchas, Samuel ; inscribed, " Anag. Samuel Purchas,
pars sua celum," ii. 68.
Rainbow, Edward ;
" His face you see, but not his noble mind,
That like his fame was great and unoonfin'd,

THE PORTRAITS. 247
Yet humble too, and honours would prevent;
But's virtues built the greatest monument :
Which all devouring time cannot deface
Till the world wants both gratitude and grace.'' V. 11.
Ramsey, lady Mary, wife of sir Thomas Ramsey, a great
benefactress to Christ-church Hospital, i. 337.
Richards, Nathaniel ; inscribed, " Vera ac viva effigies
Nathanaelis Richards, gen :" motto, " Despice mundum
respice finem, senite supera non terrestria, suspice
caslum," &c. iii. 139.
Richardson, John, D. D. bishop of Ardagh, aged 74, An"
D* 1653, iii. 318.
Ricraft, Josiah ; inscribed,
" Of all the guifts of God's most sacred Spirit
The guift of tongues being of much precious merit,
By which man mainly differs from a beast,
And all rare knowledge richly is increast ;
How much to our industrious Ricraft then,
Is dne, for his great paines and useful! pen ;
Who thus hath made so copious a collection
Of th' Orient Characters, for fair direction
To learn those tongues. A work most excellent,
And of more worth than pearles most Orient,
For which, with grateful heart give God the praise,
And crown brave Ricraft's browes wtb fragrant bayes.'' iii. 149.
Ridley, Mark ; inscribed,
" Missus ab Elisa, Ruthensis, quinque per annos,
Anglis ni desis, te Vocat ilia donium;
Tute Mathemalicis clarus magnetica calles,
Paeonias laudes doctus ubique capis." i. 307.
Roe, sir William, ironmonger, lord mayor of the city of
London, 1592, i. 299.
Rossetti, cardinal, iii. 270.
Rous, Francis ; inscribed,
" Adam the first this image claymes as his
Within the second Adam's image is ;

248 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
That is the hidden face, not seene by thee,
But God it sees, and it God's face shall see." iv. 47.
Rudyerd, sir Benjamin, surveyor of his Ma"B court of wards
and liveries, iii. 108.
Rummin, Elinour, the famous ale-wife of England ; in
scribed, " When Skelton wore the lawrell crowne,
My ale put all the ale-wives downe." i. 150.
Rupert, the illustrious and high-borne prince, count pala
tine of ye Rhine, &c. knight ofthe most noble order of
the garter, and generall of the horse to his Ma"6 King
Charles, anno 1643, ii. 157.
Rutland, the right honorabell Francis Manners, earle of,
baron Ross of Hamlake Belvoire, and Trusbutt, and
knight of the honorable order of the garter, ii. 30.
Ryder, sir William, haberdasher, lord mayor of the city of
London 1600, i. 299.
Salisbury, William Cecil, earle of, &c. knight of the
garter, ii. 294.
Saltonston, sir Richard, lord mayor of the city of London
1597, i. 299.
Sedgewick, the Rev. Obadiah, iii. 337.
Sey and Seale, William Fines, viscount and lord, ii. 312.
Shirley, sir Robert, ambassador from the Persian court to
Pope Paul V. by whom he was treated with great dis
tinction, ii. 88.
Shirlaeus, James, a poet ; a bust on a pedestal, inscribed,
" Jacobus Shirlaeus," G. Phenik pinx. iii. 129.
Skelton, John, poet laureat to King Henry the Eighth, i. 130.
Skippon, Phillip, esq. major-generall of the army, &c.
iii. 69.
Slater, the true portraiture of thelearned Mr. William, D.D.
ii. 65.

THE PORTRAITS. 249
Smith, the honourable sir Thomas, knight, late embassador
from his Maae to ye great emperour of Russie, governour of
the honble and famous societyes of marchants tradinge to
ye East Indies, Muscovy, the French and Somer islands,
company treasurer for Virginia, etc. ii. 84.
 , captayne John, admirall of New England; in
scribed, " These are the lines that shew thy face ; but those
That shew thy grace and glory brighter bee :
Tby faire discoveries and fowle-overthrowes,
Of salvages, much civilliz'd by thee,
Best shew tby spirit, and to it glory wyn ;
So thou art brasse without, but golde within.'' ii. 102.
Somerset, the lively portraict of the lady Frances, countesse
of, ii. 173.
Sommers, Will, kinge Heneryes jester; inscribed,
" What though thou think'st mee clad in slrauge attire,
Knowe I am suted to mine owne desire,
And yet the characters describ'd upon mee
May shewe thee that a king beslow'd them on me.
This home I have betokens Sommer's game,
Which sportive tyme will bid thee reade my name ;
All with my nature well agreeing too,
As both the name, and tyme, and habit doe." i. 149.
Southampton, the right honourable and most noble Henry
Wriothsley, earle of, baron of Titchfield, knight of the
most nob. ord. of ye garter, ii. 30.
Standford, Henry Gray, earl of, lord Gray of Groby, Bon-
vile, and Harington, &c. ii. 302.
Stapleton, Thomas ; inscribed, " Thomas Stapletonus,
Anglus, aetat. anno LXIII," i. 271.
Sterling, William Alexander, earl of; inscribed, " Vera
effigies Gulielmi comit. de Sterlin, aetatis suae LVII,"
iii. 142\
vol. iv. 2 k

250 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Steuart, the picture oi. the most noble and learned ladye
Arbella, &c. ii. 187.
Stevenson, Matthew ;
" The printer's proffit not my pride,
Hath this idea signify'd;
For he puslit out the merrie pay,
And Mr. Gaywood made it gay." v. 258.
Stokes, William, a vaulting-master; inscribed,
" Ingeniosa tibi vivani manus edidit umbram
Verum hominem motus te probat esse tuus;
Sed tarn moto agili, tanta vertiginis arte
Extemplo spacium te per utrumq ralas,
Corpore sub fie to mihi Spiritus esse videris,
Aut corpus chymica spirituale manu.
Nullam senLit equus molem tuus impiger, omnes
Pervolitas partes, nee mora pondus habet." — T. S.
iii. 197.
Strode, sir George, iv. 49.
Symonds, the pourtraiture of Mr. Joseph, late vice provost
of Eaton Colledge, Mt. sua 50, iii. 340.
Talbot, sir Gilbert, 1516, i. 70.
Tatham, John, poet;
" Here is noe schisme, the judging eye may see
In every line a perfect harmony ;
And love and beauty for so great a grace
Joy in theire lovely Reconciler's face.'' iv. 42.
Taylor, John, the water poet, ii. 134.
Temple, Susanna, the only daughter of Sir Alexander Tem
ple, knight, lady Thornhurst, lady Lister, iii. 228.
 , sir Peter, kn', iv. 22.
 , the lady Elinor,
" Her exact'st portraiture neerest the life,
Is Vertues patterne, molher, mayd, and wife.
Whose names her glorious character to host,
This liveing Temple of the Holy Ghost." iv.88.

THE PORTRAITS. 251
Tdtnes, George Carew, earl of, ii. 300.
Urchard, or Urquhart, sir Thomas, knight.
" Of him whose shape this picture hath design'd,
Vertue and learning represent the mind." — W. S. iii. 160.
Urselin, Barbara, born at Augsbury, wife to Michael Van-
beck. " Vanbeck married this frightful creature on pur
pose to carry her about for a show." iv. 98.
Vandun, Cornelius, born at Breda, soldier with King
Henry at Tournay, yeoman of the guard, ahd usher to
Kings Henry and Edward, Queen Mary, and Queen
Elizabeth, Obiit 1577, Mtatis sute 94, i. 302.
Venner, Dr. Tobias, anno 1660, Mtatis suce 85, iv. 32.
Vere, sir Francis, i. 288.
Wadd, or Waad, sir William ; inscribed, " The lively por
traiture of the worthy knight, sir William Wadd, lieute
nant of the Tower," &c. ii. 108.
Waller, sir William, knight, sargeant major generall of ye
parliaments army, and one of the members of yc honoblc
House of Commons, 1643, iii. 66.
Wallingford, the righte honourable William Knollis, vis
count, baron of Grayes, Mr of the court of wardes, and
one of his Mato most honMe privie counsell, and knight
of the garter, ii. 35.
Walton, Brian, bishop of Chester, 1660, editor of the Poly
glot Bible, iii. 319.
Warwick, Elizabeth, countess of; inscribed, " Elisabet co
mitissa Warwyck," iii. 218.
 , the right honourable Robert, earl of, baron of
Leeze, &c. lord high admiral of England, one of his
Majesty's most .honourable privy council, and his Ma-

252 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
jesty's lieutenant of the counties of Norfolk, Essex, &c.
ii. 280.
Warwick, and Holland, the right honb" Edward Rich, earl
of, iv. 170.
Weaver, captain Thomas ; inscribed, " T. W."
" Our eyes may here a double beauty find ;
His face this shewes, his book presents his mind,
Which a few dawney minutes have improv'd,
To such vast summes of worth, as makes him lov'd ;
And as this shadow now appeareth his,
That likewise is Heaven's effigies." — J. S. iii. 139.
Welby, Mr. Henry, G', Mtatis sua 84.
" Arabia yields a phenix, and but one,
England, tbis phenix, and besydes him none,
To solitary desarts boath retyer,
Not minding what the world doth most admire.
His face, though it was much desyr'd by many,
Tn forty foure yeares was not seen by any :
She, in spyc'd flames, in fervent zeale he dyes,
And boath in tyme, new phenixes shall ryse."
Epitaph, Obijt die 29 Octobris, 1636, iii. 102.
Wentworth, Darcy, Mtatis sua 32, 1624; inscribed,
" Lex regit et hostes contra ducis arma tuetur
Hunc populum, legis qui sacra jussa I'acit." ii. 109.
— —  , Henrietta Maria, lady, vi. 158.
Westmorland, Mildmay Fane, earl of, lord le de Spencer
and Burghwash, ii. 299.
Westphaling, Herbert, bishop of Hereford, 1585, i. 256.
Wharton, Philip, lord Wharton of Wharton, ii. 315.
Whitelock, Bulstrode ;
" To limme thy merits and heroick meedes,
Illustrious Whillock, is a task lhat needes
A nobler draught, for who dares be so bold
To cut in brasse, what shold be grav'd in gold ;
Or with one poor hexastick raise ye columnes
Of his vast merit which deserveth volumes."

THE PORTRAITS. 253
Whyte, Richard ; inscribed, " Ricardus Vitus Basinstbchius
comes Palatinus." " Vive Ricarde diu, rebus majoribus orte
Vite Britannorum vita, valeqne diu ;
Vita Britannorum, quid enim ? nisi jure voceris
Vivere quippe facis mortua gesta virum ;
Mortua na fuerat (quoru imemor exlitit Mtas
Omnis) et antiquo semisepulta situ." i.272.
Wight, John ; initials J. W. ; inscribed,
" Welcom tbe Wight
That bringeth such light." i. 333.
Wildman, major John ; motto, " Nil Admirari," iv. 6.
Willan, Leonard, a bust on a pedestal; inscribed,
" Glorious inscriptions (arts ornaments) wayt,
Truth to disguise, onely on prosp'rous Fate ;
Such traibes from fanning, mercenary w itts.
His fortune or his temper not befitts ;
No judge praeposest; if approv'd his fame.
Shall wante no other monument but his name."
Leo Willan ipse scripsit, iv. 43.
Winchester, John Pawlet, marquisse of, earle of Wiltshire,
and lord St. John of Basing, ii. 288.
Winstanley, William, Mt. 39, 1667.
" Let olhers drinke of Nectar, boast of Bayes ;
The juice Jolh grape, and barley we will prayse;
For from th' effects of their all-conqu'ring juice
Proceed Ibe fancy's of our sparkling Muse.
Bookes of these names and nature we despise
As being fill'd with many foolery's;
Them, and the world's choice treasures we doe grace
With a fool's cap as b'ing the fittest place."

v. 270.

Wither, George, poet;

What I was is passed by :
What I am away doth Hie :
What I shall be none do see,
Yet in that my beauties bee." jj^ 137

254 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING
Woodcocke, Martin, a Catholic priest, executed at Lan
caster, 1646. Latin line, " Eamus et nos ut mofiamuz
cum eo ; Joan 11. 16." ii. 386.
Worcester, Henery Somerset, earle of, ii. 292.
Wortley, the true and lively portraiture of that learned and
valiant k', sir Francis of Wortley in the county of Yorke,
k' and baronet, deceased, prisoner in the Tower of Lon
don 1652, iii. 136.
Wren, Matthew, D. D. successively bishop of Hereford,
Norwich, and Ely, died April 24th, 1667, in his 82d year,
ii. 338.
Young, John ; inscribed, " P. Joannes Yongus, Hibernus,
Societ. Jesu, Obijt Romge die 13 July 1664, JEtat 75,"
v. 92.
York, Ann Hyde, dutchess of, iv. 127.

ADDITIONS
TO RICHARDSON'S COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED BRITISH PORTRAITS.
BALFORE, sir William, etc. fac simile, from the scarce
print, in Ricraft' s "Survey of England's Champions," iii.
109.
Brereton, sir William, major gen. of Cheshire, Staffordshire,
and Lankashire, from do. iii. 74.
Brooke, the right honble Robert, lord, &c. was shot at Lich
field, from do. ii. 316.
Browne, Richard, Essqr, generall of Oxon, Berkshire, and
Buckingham, from do. iii. 71.

THE PORTRAITS. 255
Burton, Robert, author of " The Anatomy of Melancholy,"
ii. 70.

Calender, the right honourable the earle of, etc. from
Ricraft, iii. 79.
Cleypole, Mrs. Elizabeth, the favourite daughter of Oliver
Cromwell, iv. 82.
Cromwell, Robert, Esq. father ofthe Protector, died 1617,
ii. 115.
 , the religious, successful, and truly valliant lieu
tenant generall, from Ricraft, iii. 64.
 , Richard, Protector of England, Scotland, and

the dominions and territoryes thereunto belonging, iii.
300.
 , Henry, lord deputy of Ireland, iii. 302.

Denbigh, Basil Fielding, earle of, &c. from Ricraft, ii.
296.
Essex, Robert, earle of, his excellence lord generall of
the parlimts army, etc. lately deceased, from Ricraft, iii.
59-
Fairfax, the most noble Ferdinand, lord, generall of the
Northern countyes ; from do. iii. 65.
 , the most excellent sir Thomas, captin, generall
of the armyes, etc. from do. iii. 62.
Lasley, his excellence Alexander, generall ofthe Scotch
army; from do. iii. 77.
Manchester, the right honble Edward, earle of, &c. ma
jor generall ofthe Association; from do. iii. 68.
Markham, Gervase, iii. 161.

256 DIRECTIONS, &c. A
Massey, Edward, Esqr. major generall of the West ; from
Ricraft, iii. 70.
Meldrum, sir John ; from do. iii. 79.
Poyntz, major generall; from do. iii. 71.
Ricraft, Josiah ; from his " Book of Alphabets/' iii. 149.
Roberts., the right honourable the lord, from Ricraft, iii.
73.
Skippon, Phillip, Esqr. major generall of the army, &c.
from Ricraft, iii. 69.
Standford, Henry Gray, earle of, lord Gray of Groby, Bou-
vile, &c. from Ricraft, ii. 302.
Vere, sir Horace ; from a scarce print by Faithorne, ii. 99.
Waller, sir William, major gen. of Surry, Sussex, and
Hampshire ; from Ricraft, iii. 66.
Warwick, the right honble Robert, earle of, lord Rich of
Leeze, and lord high admiral of the seas; from do.
ii. 208.
Willoughby, the right honourable the lord of,- Parham, &c.
from do. iii. 73.

*•* The reason for inserting the list of Portraits in this volume was, to prevent the
confusion that might arise, from its being mistaken as part of lhe General Index at
the end of Vol. VI.

END OF VOL. IV.

II S

i£ v: