YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

THE

CHRONICLES

OF

ENGUEERAND DE MONSTRELET.

CONTENTS

OF

THE ELEVENTH VOLUME.

, . PAGE
CHAP. I.
The king thanks the Parisians for their loy
alty and courage, confirms their privileges*,
and offers them new ones. He restores
sir Robert d'Estouteville to the provost-
ship of Paris. He displaces some and ap
points others to fill their offices, and then
goes to Orleans. Charles, the king's bro
ther, is received by the Normans as their
duke. The king goes into Normandy.
Other events 1
CHAP. IE
The king of France recovers the duchy of
Normandy from his brother Charles duke
of Berry. The lord d'Esternay is drown
ed, and several officers ih Nbrmandy are
" executed or banished. The duke of Berry
vol* xi. b

VI PAGf
Ifeaves Normandy, and sir John de Lor
raine, thinking to follow him, is made
prisoner and carried to the king - 1'
CHAP. HI.
The king of France sets out from Rouen to
Orleans. He sends ambassadors to Eng
land. Several malefactors aire executed
at Paris. The divorce of sir William Co-
lombel from his wife. The lord du Lau
is made prisoner. The king publishes art
edict at Paris against the English. A
truce concluded between the French and
English. Many persons lose their senses
at Paris, at the bean-flowering season 1 1
CHAP. IV.
The king sends commissioners to make re
forms at Paris. Their pages and the
clerks of the palace quarrel. A murder
ous war between the Liegeois and the
duke of Burgundy. A great mortality in
Paris and its environs. The king appoints
certain lords for the guard and defence of
his realm. Events that happened at Paris
in this year MCCCC LXVI. 24
CHAP. V.
The king appoints the count of Dammartin
grand master of his household. He goes
with the queen to Rouen, where he had

Vll PAGE
feppoiiited the earl of Warwick to meet
him. The death of duke Philip of Bur
gundy. The king goes to Chartres, whi
ther he Summons some of the Parisians,
and commands then, to have banners
made according to the different profes
sions and trades. A monk is murdered
in the temple. The queen most honour
ably received in Paris 3 1
CHAP. VI.
The king orders the banners of Paris to be
mustered. Of the war with Liege. Of
the Pragmatic, which a legate from the
pope and Balue attempt to abolish. The
king pardons the duke of Alencon and
the lord du Lau. The count de Saint Pol
concludes a truce between the king and
the duke of Burgundy;, without including
the Liegeois. Other events that happen
ed in the year MCCCCLXV1L - 42
CHAP, VII.
The king sends commissaries to review the
Parisian banners, officers as well as men.
The king's army marches between Mans
and Alencori, to oppose that of the Bre
tons. The duke of Burgundy collects a
large army at Saint Quentin. The three
estates of France assemble at Tours in
MCCCCLXVIL - - SB
b 5

Vlll PAG*
CHAP. VIII.
Tournaments at Paris and at Bruges. The
king goes to Meaux. The prince of Pied'
mont comes to Paris. The lord du Lau
escapes from his confinement in the castle
of Usson, which causes many to lose their
heads. The Bretons and Burgundians
take Merville. Charles de Melun be
headed. The substance of what passed
between the king and the dukes of Berry
and Brittany. Peace concluded with
the duke of Burgundy, in the year
MCCCCLXVIII. - - 64
CHAP. IX.
^The king of France goes to Notre Dame of
Halle. The town of Liege destroyed.
The king ratifies at Paris his treaty with
the duke of Burgundy. He has all the
game round Paris taken alive, to send to
the count de Foix, as a token of friend
ship. A great inundation in Holland and
Zealand. A prisoner in the Chastelet for
theft informs against his companions, who
are all hung. MCCCCLXVIii. - 76
CHAP. X,
The treason of the cardinal of Angers, who,
in consequence, is imprisoned. The king
of Sicily and his queen wait on the king.

IX PAGE
Peace made between the king and his
brother, now duke of Guienne, who
comes to Montils-les-tTours. An alliance
between France and Spain. The duke
of Brittany refuses to wear the king's
order. The ban and rear ban summoned
to oppose king Edward of England. — ¦.
Other events that happened in the year
MCCCCLX1X. - - 86
CHAP. XI.
The earl of Warwick and the duke of Cla
rence, driven out of England by king
Edward, come to France. Queen Mar
garet and her son arrive there also, to
the displeasure of the duke of Burgundy.
The birth of the dauphin, Charles. The
earl of Warwick returns to England. An
alliance between the king of France and;
king Henry of England. The flight of
king Edward. The entry of the queen
of England into Paris. The inhabitants
of Auxerre take part with the duke o£
Burgundy. The king's victories in the
duchy of Burgundy and the countries of
Charolois and Picardy. Of the king's
' journeys, and other events that happened
during the year M CCCC LXX. - 97
CHAP. XII.
The king ot France receives intelligence q£

X PAG?
the victory of king Edward and the de
feat of king Henry's, army. The king
and the duke of Guienn? come to Paris,
and thence go to Orleans, where the
prince of Piedmont dies. Of the death
of the count d'Eu. The duke of Gui-
enne and the count d'Armagnac form an
alliance. Other events that happened in
the course of this year * - 114
CHAP. XIII,
Pope Paul II. shortens the intervals pf the
jubilees. He dies. Pope Sixtus IV. elect
ed in his stead : he was general of the
order of Franciscan monks. A young
girl pretends to have the wounds of our
Lord on her hands, feet, and side 119
CHAP. XIV.
The king of France obtains indulgences for
those who shall say Ave Maria three times.
' The death of t;he bishop of Paris. Of
the duke of Calabria. The roof of Notre
Dame of Clery burnt. The death of the
duke of Guienne. A truce with the duke
of Burgundy. Of the siege and attack of
Beauvais, The townsnien of Auxerre
defeated. Different edicts published at
Paris. Accusations made against the con-^
stable. Paris and Orleans send supplies to
Beauyais - - 12$

xi page
CHAP, XV.
The Parisians are mustered. The duke of
Burgundy marches in disgrace from be
fore Beauvais. Of the king's army in
Brittany. The shameful conduct of the
Burgundians in Normandy. The ^French
reconquer Eu from the count de Roussi.
The queen of France delivered of a son,
named duke of Berry. The lord of Beau-
jeu betrayed to the count d'Armagnac.
Lectoure regained, and the count dAr-
magnac killed, The king of Arragon
flies from Perpignan. The duke of Alen-
con made prisoner. The king goes to
Bordeaux. The son of the count d'Al-
bret beheaded at Poitiers - 137
CHAP. XVI.
The siege of Perpignau. The duke of
Alencon detained prisoner in the Louvre,
The death of the duke of Calabria. The
execution of John Hardy for intending to,
poison the king. Edicts from the king
respecting the gens d'armes and the coin.
An embassy from the king of Arragon.
Other events in this year - 15Q
CHAP. XVII.
The Parisians are reviewed by the king.
Of the Arragonian ambassadors. A con^

xii PAG?
ference between the king and the con
stable. A truce with the duke of Bur
gundy. Other events. The duke of
Alengon corjdemned to be beheaded at
Paris. The king takes possession of An-
jou. The duke of Burgundy besieges
Nuys; He takes several towns, notwith
standing the truce between, the king and
himself - - - - 16.5
CHAP, XVIII. /
King Edward summons the king of France,
to restore to him the duchies of Guienne
and Normandy. Good news from the
French army in Arragon. Some Arra-
gonians beheaded. The king's physicians
open a man alive, and recover him. Of
the feast of St Charlemagne, king of
France. Of the losses of the duke of
Burgundy before Nuys, and of the con
quests gained over hjm i,n Picardy and
Burgundy. Some barons executed at Pa
ris. The reduction of the town of Pefr
pigtiau - ( ".. - - 174,
CHAP. XIX,
An alliance between the emperor of Ger
many and the king of France. Ambassa
dors from Florence and from the emperor.
prudent acts of the king. A devout pro*

xiii PA_qg
session at Paris. Tronquoy, Roye, Mon-i
didier and other places, are taken for the
king. The treachery of the constable. A
great defeat of the Burgundians and Lom
bards by the duke of Bourbon, when the
count de Roussy and several great lords
of Burgundy are made prisoners. The
men of Arras suffer another considerable
defeat by the king's army. The deliver
ance of the prince of Orange. The flight
and decampment of the duke of Bur
gundy from before Nuys. A conference
and treaty of alliance between king Ed- '
ward of England and the French king.
Other events that happened at Paris dur
ing the year MCCCCLXXV. - 183
CHAP. XX,
The duke of Burgundy delivers the con
stable, Louis de Luxembourg, into the
hands of the king's officers, by whom he
is carried prisoner to the bastile at Paris.
The count de Roussy is conducted a pri
soner from Burges to Montils-les-Tours.
The conversation between the king and
him. The trial and execution of the con
stable at Paris. Some of the officers ir^
that city are displaced. The duke d'Alen-
eon delivered from the Louvre. A coun
cil ordered by the king. The duke of

xjv PAG?
Burgundy defeated by the Swiss at Gran-
gon. The duke of Nemours made pri
soner a^t Carlat, in the king's name, by
the lord de Beaujeu. Other events in
this year of MCCCCLXXV. - 203
CHAP. XXI.
The duke of Burgundy borrows money to
raise forces to retaliate on the Swiss for
his late ill success, The arrival of the
king of Sicily at Lyon, where the king of
France then was. What passed between
them. Of the seneschal of Normandy,
who murdered his wife and his hunts
man for adultery. The duke of Lorraine
opposes the duke of Burgundy at Morat
in Swisserland, and in the county of Ro-
mont. The king of France makes seve
ral pilgrimages. The duke of Lorraine
recovers the town of Nancy. The king
of Portugal arrives in France. Other
events that took place, in the year above
mentioned ... gg^
CHAP. XXIL
The duke of Milan is murdered.. The to
tal destruction of the Burgundian army,
and death of the duke of Burgundy, by
the victorious duke of Lorraine, before
Nancy. The reduction of the countries

XV PAQE.
and towns the duke of Burgundy had
usurped from France, such as Arras,
Hesdin, &c. Several beheaded in Arras,
Cambray, and in other towns g44
CHAP. XXIII.
The king summons his parliament from
Paris tq Noyon, to try the duke of Ne
mours. A forger executed at Paris. Of
the victory of the lord de Craon over the
prince of Orange. Of the death of the
duke of Gueldres before Tournay. The
duke of Nemours executed at Paris. A
party of Flemings defeated. Several per
sons hanged at Paris, for having assassi
nated the son of the public executioner 262
CHAP. XXIV.
The cardinal of St George . is detained pri
soner at Florence, where the archbishop
of Pisa is strangled, and several others put
to death, for having murdered Giuliano
de Medici, Rhodes besieged by the Turks.
Of gt Symon arid another that were cru
cified, Of a devout hermit, who lived
fifteen years on the holy wafer. Of a
monster, born in the town of Verona.
Of a marvellous comet, and other extra
ordinary events - - ,272,

xvi pAGB
CHAP. XXV.
The king on his return from Picardy, sets at
liberty the prisoners in the Chastelet. Of
the prince of Orange and sir Claude de
Vaudray in the country of Burgundy.
The statues of St Louis and St Charier
magne removed. The king has twelve
great bombards made. Edward king of
England causes his brother the duke of
Clarence to be drowned in a butt of
Malmsey. An accusation is laid against
Daniel the servant to Olivier le Daim.
On the return of the king from Picardy,
great entertainments are given at Paris in
the year MCCCC LXXVIII, -T 278
CHAP. XXVI,
The king of France's soldiers seize the
money that was sent to pay the Flemish
troops, and gain also the town of Conde
from them. A cordelier friar, named
Anthony Fradin preaches at Paris, and is
afterwards banished. The pope sends a
legate to the king pf France and to the
duke of Austria. The deceit of the last
toward the king, A treaty concluded
between them. Sir Charles d'Amboise
regains many towns for the king in the,
duchy of Burgundy - - 29.Q

XVI 1 PAGP.
CHAP. XXVII.
The king of France presents rich gifts to
several churches. A council held at Or
leans on the pragmatic sanction. An al
liance between the kings of France and
of CastiUe-. A tame lion escapes in Au-
Vergne-, and does much mischief. The
attorney-general of Artois beheaded at
Tours. A new bombard on trial bursts j
and kills many people at Paris. A gascon
captain, named Oriole, and his lieutenant
beheaded at Tours. Other events that
happened in the course of this year
MCCCCLXXVIII. * _ 300
CHAP. XXVilL
Of the king's preparations for wan The
Flemings are admitted into Gambray. Se
veral towns in Burgundy reduced to the
king's obedience, who often visits Cham
pagne in consequence. Ambassadors ar
rive from Spain. The duke of Albany
comes to Paris. The dUke of Austria
defeated near Therouenne, and the son of
the king of Poulaine taken prisoner. The
king's troops are again successful* and
gain seventeen towns* Four score Fle
mish vessels are captUfed, by Coulori and
other adventurers from the coasts of Nor-
uaandy, in the course of the above year SD9

, xviii _*AGfi
CHAP; XXIX.
An embassy arrives from the king of Eng
land to the king of France. The king
Issues a commission against the duke of
Bourbon. The cardinal of St Pietro ad
vincula comes to France as legate. The
king sets the cardinal Balue at liberty.
A body of Swiss troops subsidized in
stead of the Franc-archers. A very se-
, vere winter. Truces are established be
tween the Flemings and the English 3 1 8
CHAP. XXX.
The king of France forms a camp between
Pont de l'Arche and Pont de St Pierre*
Armour which the duke of Brittany had
ordered from Milan is intercepted! The
king taken ill at Tours. During certain
pilgrimages he makes, h& visits the dau
phin at Amboise, and goes thence to St
Claude. A great famine this year 326
CHAP. XXXI.
The deaths of the lady Jane of France,
duchess" of Bourbon, and of the countess
of Flanders^ and also of several persons
at Paris. Events that happened there.
The king returns from his pilgrimage to
St Claude, to Notre Dame of Clery, and
to other places* Ambassadors arrive from

xii PAGF.
Flanders. Of the capture of the town of
Aire. Of the assassination of the lord
Louis of Bourbon, bishop of Liege. Other
events that happened in the course of the
above year - 332
CHAP. XXXII.
The king's illness continuing, he comes
from Tours to Amboise, to recommend
to his son Olivier le Daim. Of the mar
riage of the dauphin with the countess
Margaret of Flanders. A peace concluded
between the kings of England and Scot
land, which includes the good duke of
Albany. The king recommends his health
to the devotions of the monks of the
church of St Denis - - 34(3
CHAP. XXXI IL
The lord and lady de Beaujeu, and others,
come to Pariss to receive the dauphiness.
The death of king Edward of England*
The death of the lady Margaret of Bour
bon countess of Bfesse. The entry- of
the dauphiness into Paris, and her recep
tion there. The steeple of the church of
Sainte Genevieve burnt. The marriage
of the dauphin and dauphiness - 34$
CHAP .XXXIV.
The holy ampulla is brought from thi

X3S . PAGE
church of Saint Remy at Rheims to the
king of France, when dangerously ill, at
Plessis-le-Parc. The devout death of
Louis XI. He is buried in the church
of our Lady at Clery. May God pardon
his soul - - - - 35d
CHAP. XXXV.
The great chronicles of the most Christian,
magnanimous^ and victorious king of
France, Charles VIII. collected and put
together by me, Pierre Desrey* simple
orator of Troyes in Champagne 256
CHAP. XXXVI.
, King Charles VIII. crowned at Rheims. He
afterwards visits several towns in France.
He makes his entry into Paris. Master
Olivier le Daim and his servant Daniel
executed there. John de Doyac has his
ears cut off, and his tongue bored with a
hot iron - - - 3 5_»
CHAP. XXXVII.
The death of pope Sixtus IV. He is suc
ceeded by pope Innocent VlII._ Of the
victorious war of king Charles in Brit
tany. He marries the princess Anne
daughter to the noble duke Fraricis of
Brittany;' Other events - - _6_i

XXI PAGE
CMAP. XXXVltL
King Charles generously restores Roussillon
to king Ferdinand of Arragon. The in
stitution of the order of Filles Repenties
at Paris. The town of St Omer is taken
by the lord des Cordes. A treaty of
peace concluded with the king of Eng
land after the siege of Boulogne; The
treason committed by Carquelevant in the
town of Arras. Amiens well guarded.
The" __£aty between the king of France
and th6 archduke of Austria - 371
CHAP. XXXIX.
King Charles marfi-S Anne duchess of Brit
tany. She is crowned queen of France in
the church of Saint Denis j and hiakes her
public entry into Paris. The king visits
his pt oviitce of P-eatdyV A priest executed
and burnt at Paris. The death of pope
Innocent VIII. He is succeeded by pope
Alexander VI. - r - 377
CHAP, XL;
Of the expeditidn which king Charles un
dertakes to recover his kingdom of Na^
pies, and the reasons that moved him
thereto - - - 382
CHAP. XLL
Friar Jerome Savonarola foretels the invasion
vol. xi. c

XX11 PAGE

of Italy by the king of France. The king
while at Lyon prudently arranges a re
gency to govern the kingdom during his
absence. He departs thence for Grenoble,
where he takes leave of the queen 384
CHAP. XLII.
Tfie king of France sets but from Grenoble*
to cross the alps on his march to Naples 392
CHAP. XLIII.
The king of France makes his public entry
into Turin, where he is received with
great honours and solemnity - 394
CHAP. XLIV.
¦ The king leaves Quiers for Asti, where he
is informed of the gallant conduct of the
duke of Orleans at Genoa. Ludovico
Sforza and his lady visit the king at Asti,
A marvellous event at Genoa - 397
CHAP. XLV.
King Charles makes his entry into the town
of Casal. The marchioness of Montferrat
and her son place themselves under his
protection , : - - - 402
CHAP. XLVI.
The king of France enters Payia. His re
ception there - - , 405

xxiii

PAGE
CHAP. XLVII.
Of the several towns the kins: of France
passes .through in his march from Pia-
cenza to Lucca - - 407
CHAP. XLVIII.
Of the entry and reception of the king of
France in the town of Lucca - 410
CHAP. XLIX.
The king enters the town of Pisa. Others
of his captains advance, as far as Florence 411
CHAP. L.
The king of France, with his lords, enters
Florence, accompanied by his whole army 412
CHAP. LI.
The king makes his entry into Sienna> Vi-
terbo, and other towns - -v 414
CHAP. LII.
The king of France enters Rome with his
army. What passed there - 417
CHAP. LIII.
King Charles departs from Rome with his
army for Naples. What passed on his
march - 422

HERE BgGINNSTH
THE ELEVENTH VOLUME
OF THE
CHRONICLES or
ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET.

CHAP. I.
THE KING THANKS THE PARISIANS FOR
THEIR LOYALTY AND COURAGE, CON
FIRMS THEIR PRIVILEGES, AND OFFERS
THEM NEW ONES. — HE RESTORES SIR
ROBERT D'ESTOUTEVILLE TO THE PRO-
VOSTSHIP OF PARIS. — HE DISPLACES SOME
AND APPOINTS OTHERS TO FILL THEIR
OFFICES, AND THEN GOES TO ORLEANS.—
CHARLES, THE KING'S BROTHER, IS RE
CEIVED BY THE NORMANS AS THEIR
DUKE. — THE KING i GOES INTO NORMAN
DY. — OTHER EVENTS.
The Monday following, sir Robert d'Es-
tooteville *, knight, lord of Beyne, who
/•
* He had been confined in the ,basiile by
¦- *
Louis XI.
VOL. XL B

2
had been provost of Paris during the
former reign, — but the king had deprived
him of that office, and given it to Jacques ,
de Villiers, lord of 1' Isle- Adam, — who was
now restored by him to the provostship.
He presided this day at the town-house,
and the watchword for the night was
given to him as provost of Paris.
On the Tuesday, the king supped
at the town-hall, where was a handsome
service of flesh and fish, — and many of
the nobility, with their ladies, were invited
to meet him. Before supper, the king
addressed some of the heads of the wards,
who were come thither for the purpose,
and said, that he thanked them all, ge
nerally and individually, for their great
loyalty, and the services they had done
him; that, in return, he was disposed to
do every thing possible for them; and
that as he had, during the war, remitted
several imposts, which some might think
was done from the necessity he was then
in for their assistance and support, and
that after a peace he would renew them
he therefore declared that such was not
his intention, for that he had, from his

great affection, freely remitted them, never
to be renewed,— and that if there were
any other things they wished from him,
they need only mention 'them, and he
would grant their requests. He added
that he should leave in their town the
lord de Beyne as their provost, to whom
they would pay the same obedience as
to himself, because he had well served
him at the affair of Montlehery, and for
other causes, which he told to the provost
des marchands, and to the sheriffs of the
city of Paris. He begged of them to be
always true and loyal to him and to
the crown, of France, without any partiality
being found in their town.
This day, the natural daughter to
the king was betrothed to the bastard of
Bourbon; and, after supper, dancings and
other amusements took place : the lord
bastard there danced and made good
cheer. On the ensuing Monday, the 7th of
November, sir Robert d'Estouteville was
conducted to the Chatelet of Paris, by
sir Charles de Melun and master John
Dauvet first president of the parliament
b2

4
of Toulouse, whom the king had ordered
to receive the oaths of office from sir
Robert, as he had nominated him provost
of Paris in the room of Jacques de
Villiers, lord of Isle-Adam, who had rer
ceived the appointment on his joyous
entry into Paris, and to institute sir Robert
into the same. When the letters of his
patent were read before the court or the
Chatelet, sir Robert was instituted into
the office of proyost, without prejudice to
any appeal from the said lord de 1'Isle
Adam. When this was done, the king sum
moned before him the presidents of his
court of parliament, and addressed them
nearly as follows : ' On my coming to
the throne, I ' constituted sir Helie de
Thorettes first president of our court of
parliament, who soon after died. Our
affections were then fixed to replace him
by master John Dauvet, our first pre
sident of our parliament of Toulouse, novr
present; but through the importunities
of several, and at the particular solicitation
of sir John Bureau, we appointed the
president de Nanterre, who has enjoyed

the office, until the arrival of some princes
of our blood before Paris, who have re
monstrated with us on various existing
abuses within our realm, and even in
our court of parliament; for which, and
other causes, |ve declare the said de Nan-
terre to be no longer first president of
oar said court of parliament, but do ap
point, in his place, the said master John
Dauvet, to hold the same during our good
plesaure.' The next day, Saturday, sir Pierre
de Morvilliers, chancellor of France, was
dismissed from that office, and sir John
Juvenal des Ursins, who had been chan
cellor at the time of the decease of king
Charies, was re-appointed in his stead.
At the same time, sir Pierre Puv was
displaced from his office of master of re
quests in ordinary to the king's household,
and master Regnault des Dommans suc
ceeded him.
The king set out for Orleans when
he had made the above arrangements
and took with him Arnoult L'Huiljier,
burgher and banker at Paris, charging
him expressly always to follow and be
near him. He carried also with him

(5
master John Longue-Joye, the younger,
who had lately married the damsel Ge
nevieve, daughter to master John Baillet,
and made him of his great council. Just
as he was leaving Paris, he created master
Charles d'Orgemont lord of Mery, trea
surer of France, Arnoult L'Huillier trea
surer of Carcassonne, and master Pierre
Ferteil, the husband of Terteau, master
of the requests of his household, but
without pay or emolument.
On the Monday following, a great
comet appeared at Paris, about six in
the morning, and so resplendently bright
that a man crossing the -square of the
Greve at that hour, to hear the mass of
the Holy Ghost, was so frightened by it
that he lost his senses and became mad.
The king's brother, as I have saidf
was gone into Normandy, and had arrived
at St Catherine's on the mount, near to
Rouen, where he remained some days,
until the preparations making by the towns
men for his entry into Rouen were ready.
Puring this interval, a great quarrel arose
between the duke of Brittany and the
count de Dammartin, when it was told
tp the duke of Normandy, that the two

said lords intended to arrest and carry
him into Brittany. Sir John de Lorraine,
hearing of . this, went instantly to the
town-house in Rouen, when the magistrates
ordered the inhabitants under arms; and
sir John led a. numerous body of them
to St Catherine's on the Mount, where
admittance was at first refused him, —
but sir John, in despite of the duke of
Brittany and the count de Dammar
tin, and without much ceremony, made
the new duke mount a horse, that
had a saddle, indeed, but no housings,
and in this simple state, with only a,
black velvet robe on, , led him through
the town of Rouen to the church 'of our
Lady, where ' Te Deum laudamus' was
chaunted, and thence to the castle of Rouen.
While the king resided at Orleans,
he made many ordinances and regulations
for the better government of the realm,
and displaced several of his captains.
Among the rest, he took from Poncet de
Riviere, the command of a hundred lances,
but made him bailiff of Montferrant ; and
he acted thus to many others. Poncet
de Riviere, on loosing his command, went

8
on a voyage to Jerusalem, and thence
to St Catherine's on mount Sinai. The
king re-appointed the lord de Loheac
marshal of France, in the place of the
count de Cominges, bastard of Armagnac.
Having done this, the king left
Orleans, and marched his whole army,
his franc-archers and his artillery, great
and small, into Normandy, by way of
Argentan, Eynes, Falaise, Caen, and other
places, to gain possession of them. At the
last town, he met the duke of Brittany,
and they were together for some time.
The duke of Bourbon, in consequence
of the king's orders, had entered ano
ther part of Normandy, and came be
fore Evreux, which would not surrender
on his first summons; but the garrison
afterward capitulated, and the duke and
his men were admitted into the town.
He thence advanced to Vernon on the^
Seine, which also demurred at first, but
afterwards admitted him. Sir Charles de
Melun, grand master of the king's house
hold, took possession of several towns in
Normandy* such as Gisors, Gournay, and
others: he also overthrew six score Scots,

who were marching to the lord de Bueil *
for the duke of Normandy, — which affair
took place at a village, dalled Cailly, in
the bailiwick of Caen.
At this time, the lord d'Esternay
was general of Normandy, — but, for fear
of the king's anger, he had fled from
Rouen, disguised as a cordelier friar, in
company with an augustin monk. They
were met, however, by some of the men
of the grand master at Pont St Pierre,
four leagues from Rouen, who taking
them prisoners, they were afterwards
searched, and much money and other
precious effects found on them and seized.
The new duke of Normandy had gone
from Rouen to Louviers, expecting to
meet the duke of Bourbon; but being
disappointed, he instantly returned to
Rouen, — when the principal persons con
ducted him to. the town-«house, and in
vested him with the duchy, by placing
a ring (as was customary) on his finger,
and he promised to preserve and defend
all their rights and privileges. He, at
i
* Lord de Bueil, — Anthony count of Sancerrc.

10
the same time, reduced the taxes they
had paid before his investiture to one-half*
and the whole assembly of clergy, nobles,
and populace swore obedience to him, and
to support him, as his loyal subjects,
to the last drop of their blood.
They then caused to be read to him
aloud an extract from an old chronicle
preserved in the town-house, which con
tained in substance, that there was for
merly a king of France who left two
sons on his decease, the eldest of whom
succeeded to his throne, and the younger
had for his appanage the duchy of
Normandy, which his brother wanted to
annex to his crown, and great wars en
sued. The Normans, however, so success
fully supported their duke that the king was
forced into exile, and the duke was crowned
in his stead.
After this had been read, they told
him not to be uneasy at any thing, for
that henceforward the townsmen would
supply him with so many engines of
war, and other means of defence, that
no harm should come to him or to their
town.

11

CHAP. II.
THE RING OF FRANCE RECOVERS THE
DUCHY OF NORMANDY FROM HIS BRO
THER, CHARLES DUKE OF BERRY. — THE
LORD D'ESTERNAY IS DROWNED, AND
SEVERAL OFFICERS IN NORMANDY ARE
EXECUTED OR BANISHED. — THE DUKE OF
BERRY LEAVES NORMANDY. — AND SIR
JOHN DE LORRAINE, THINKING TO FOLLOW
HIM, IS MADE PRISONER AND CARRIED
TO THE KING.
On Monday, [the last day .but one of
December, the king of France, returning
from lower Normandy, came to Pont
Audemer, and thence to la Champagne
du Neufbourg, near Conches. He sent
the duke of Bourbon to Louviers, — and
on the first of January, that town sub
mitted to the duke of Bourbon for the
king. This same day the king entered
it, in the afternoon when the lord d'Es-
ternay was brought him by the men of
the grand master, — and he was immediately
after drowned in the river Eure, and the
augustin monk with him, by the officer of

12
the provost-marshal. The ,body of the
lord d Esternay was afterwards taken out
of the river, and buried in the church of
our Lady at Louviers, where his ob
sequies were performed.
At this period, very many officers
of Normandy, were executed or drowned
by the provost-marshal, on account of
their havipg interfered in the dissensions
between the king and his brother. On
the king's departure from Louviers, he
laid siege to the town of Pont de l'Arche,
four leagues distant from Rouen; and on
the 6th of January it was proclaimed
in Paris, that all purveyors, who had
been accustomed to supply the army
with provisions, should repair thither in,.
stantly with forage,— and, also, that the
pioneers should make themselves ready
to march from Ppnt de 1 Arche on the
morrow, under the command of sir Denis
Giber, one of the four sheriffs of Paris
who had been appointed to conduct
them. On the Wednesday, a detachment of
the>king^s army, tjhat,had gone on a foraging
party, took fous men at arms belonging

13
to the duke of Berry, but who had for
merly belonged to the king. One was
called le Petit Bailiff, and had been in
the company of Joachim Rohault marshal
of France, and an accomplice in the be
traying Pontoise to the Bretons. When
brought before the king, they were or
dered to be beheaded instantly; but they
offered, on their lives being spared, to
cause Pont de l'Arche to be surrendered,- —
and as the duke of Bourbon and other lords
seconded their offer, the king pardoned
them. This same day, the king entered
Pont de l'Arche with his army, the gar
rison having retreated from the town into
the castle : among them was master Jphn
Hebert, superintendant of the french
finances. Three days after, the castle like
wise surrendered to the king.
In consequence of these surrenders
/to the king, the town of Rouen sent a
deputation to request a conference, —
which deputation laid every thing that
had been done amiss to the charge of
the dukes of Brittany and Bourbon. Their
commissioners at the conference made se-

14
veralrequests and remonstrances, insisting,
among other, things, that the king should
declare himself satisfied with them, not
withstanding any acts to the contrary,
and that he would not only grant them
his full pardon, but similar franchises to
those he had lately granted to Paris.
They made many other demands, to all
of which the king said he would con
sider on them. While this was going on,
several of the king's army passed and re
passed into the town without interruption.
The duke of Berry, in the mean time,
quitted Rouen, in company with several
of his friends, and went to Honnefleur
and Caen, where he remained some time.
John lord of Lorraine thought also to
escape into Flanders ; but he was met
by a party of the king's army, who
made him prisoner, and brought him to
the king. On the departure of the duke of
Berry, the town of Rouen surrendered
to the king, who, having displaced the
greater part of the officers in Normandy,
appointed others in their places. He
disbanded his franc archers, giving them

IB
leave of absence until the first day of
the ensuing month of March, and sent
back his artillery to Paris : he himself
took the road toward lower Normandy,
and to St Michael's Mount.
At this time, Anthony de Chabannes,
count de - Dammartin, (of whom mention
has been often made) accompanied the
king, and had the command of one hun
dred lances of the gens d'armes, which
sir Charles de Melun had before had-
The king also deprived sir Charles of
his office of grand master of the house
hold, and gave it to the lord de Craon,
although many persons were of opinion
that sir Charles had well served the king,
and done him many considerable ser
vices, — more especially by his great pru
dence and activity in the guard of Paris,
while the king was absent in the Bour-
bonnois ; for it was observed, that had
he not been as diligent as he was, the
king and kingdom would have suffered
much more. While the king was thus
employed, he made an exchange with the
count de Dammartin for a castle he had
in Gascony called Blancaffort; for which

16
he gave him, in sovereignty, all t__e rights
and royalties in the towns of Gonesse,
Gournay sur Marne, and Crecy in Brie, —
and gave orders for his parliament to annex
them, in perpetuity, to his 6aid county of
Dammartin. At this same time, the king command
ed that the fortress of Chaumont sur Loire,
which belonged to sir Pierre d'Amboise,
lord of Chaumont, should be set on fire,
and razed to the ground, which was done.
Monday, the 4th of February, Gau-
vain Manniel, who had been lieutenant-ge
neral of the bailiff of Rouen, was arrested
in that town, and carried prisoner to Pont
de l'Arche, — where, by orders of the mar
shals, a scaffold had been erected, on which
the said Gauvain was beheaded for certain
crimes laid to his charge. His head was
placed on a lance on the said bridge, and
his body thrown into the river Seine. At
the same time, the dean of the cathedral
of Rouen and six of the canons Avere ex
pelled the town, and banished out of the
duchy of Normandy.

17

CHAP. III.
the king of France sets out from
rouen to orleans. — be sends am
bassadors to england. — several ma
lefactors are executed at paris. —
the divorce of sir william colom-
bel from his wife. — the lord du
lau is made prisoner. — the" king
publishes an edict at paris against*
the english.—  a truce concluded
between the french and english. —
many persons lose their senses at
paris, at the bean-flowering sea
SON.
.The king now departed from Rouen for
Orleans, where the queen was, and remain,^
ed there a long time, making excursions to
Gergeau* and in that neighbourhood.
Wliile he was at Orleans, many embassies
came to him from divers countries, on dif
ferent matters. He also there determined
* Gergeau, or Jargeaii, — an, ancient .9W11 foul!
leagues from Orleans.
VOL. XI. C

18
to *end an embassy to England, and select
ed for this purpose tbe count de Roussillon,
bastard of Bourbon and admiral of France,
the lord de la Barde, the duke-bishop of
Langres, master John de PoupaincoUrt, lord
of Cercelles, master Olivier le Roy, coun
cillor in the chamber of accounts, and
others, who set out for England in April,
in the year 1466.
At this time, the officers of justice in Pa
ris, arrested many poor creatures, thieves and
pther malefactors, — some of whom, for their
crimes, were hanged on the gibbet at Mont-
faucon, and others, less criminal, were whip
ped at a cart's tail through the streets of Paris.
At this time also, the damsel Isa-
beau de Cambray, wife to sir William
de Colombel, a rich and powerful man;
was confined a prisoner in the Conciergerie
ofthe palais-royal at Paris, on the complaint
and information of her husband, who charg
ed her with the three following crimes :
first, that she had abandoned him, and
been faithless to his bed ; secondly, that she
had robbed him of large sums of money ;
and, thirdly, that she had compoufided^divers
poisons to compass his death.

19
In consequence of these charges, she was
long detained in prison, and put to the torture,
to make her confess hef guilt. At length/
the court of parliament, having taken full
cognizance of the evidence, and her con
fession, declared that the said Colombel had
sufficiently proved his accusations, — and she
was sentenced to be deprived of all commu
nity of effects, and of her dower. With
regard to the poisons, she pleaded an error
ire the suit, and paid into court six score
livres parisis, as her pledge for re-appearing.
The 10th day of May, in this year, sit
Anthony de Chateauneuf lord du Lau, who
had had the king's pardon some time since,
on certain conditions, was accidentally met
by the lord de Chabesnais, and others, in
the plain^ of Clery, near Orleans ; and be
cause that he and his attendants were dis
guised, they made him a prisoner, and car->
ried him before the king, who ordered him
and his people to be confined in a castle near
Mehun.* On Wednesday, the eve of the Ascen-
* There are thre&Mebuns,— sur Loire, sur Indrp,
s»r Yevre. c 2

20
sion of our Lord, master John Prevost, no
tary and secretary to the king, entered the
bastile, by the king's direction, in a subtle
manner, and took thence one called Mare,
who was lieutenant to the lord des Bordes,
and lately married to the natural daughter
of sir Charles de Melun, son to the lord
des Bordes. On Saturday, the eve of Whitsunday,
was proclaimed through all the squares
of Paris, with sound of trumpet, a sum
mons from the constable of France, which
included one from the king, to declare
that he had received information of his
ancient enemies the English having raised
a very numerous army for the destruction
of his kingdom, — and that they had pre
pared a fleet, accordingly, to invade his
coasts ; that the king, being resolved to
oppose such wicked attempts to the ut
most of his power, had ordered his con
stable- to1 make proclamation thereof in the
usual places throughout the realm, that all
the noble tenants of the king, as well
those of fief as of arriere-fief, of whatever
rank, might be properly prepared with
arms, horses, and habiliments for war, on

2*
the 15th day of June next ensuing, under
pain of corporal punishment and confisca-^
tion of effects. All franc-archers and others
were, at the same time, ordered to be
ready by the said 15th day of June.
The king displaced, at this time, the
lord des Bordes from, being: governor of
the bastile of St. Anthony at Paris, and
gave it to the lord de* Blot, seneschal of
Auvergne, who was said to be,. a. man. of
an excellent character. . .«
At this period, the, lord de Montaur
ban*, who had been admiral of France,
grand master of wpodss and waters, and
the principal cause of the disturbances in
Brittany, which were , followed ;by those iti
France, and who fh8*! received immense
sums of the. public money, diedfet Tours,
and was not mveh lamented.! After his
death, the king gave the office of lord
high,, admiral to the lord bastard of -Bourr
bon, who had married his nataat daughri
ter, — and the P$C$.ti'$:-, grand jraastera ©f
* The lord de ; Mojjtauban— -was of the hj_ifse of
Rohan, had followed jthe king, when dauphin, to
Flanders,— was much beloved and regretted by kiwi,
but not by the people.

22

woods and waters to the lord de CMtillon,
brother to the marshal of Loheac.
A truce was now concluded by sea
and land with England for twenty-two
months* which was every where publicly
proclaimed. At this time, for some particular cause,
the king was moved to -displace the count
du Maine trom his government of Lan
guedoc, and give the same to the bastard
of Biourbon, — who also received, in conse
quence of his marriage with Jeanne, the
king's natural daughter, Ihe castle arid
town of Usson * in Auvergne, said to be
the strongest place in the kingdom, toge
ther with the government of Honnefleur,
and other places in Normandy.
In the month of June, of this year
1466, the beans were very abundant and
good,^-nevertheless, very many persons of
both sexes lost their senses at this time tin
Paris. In the number, was a young man
named master Marcial d' Auvergne f , an
* Usson ,— four leagues from Brioude.
f Mareial d'Auvergne — was the author of the
Atresia Amorum, and several pieces now become very
scarce.

23
attorney in the court of parliament, and
notary to the Chatelet. He had been mar
ried about three weeks to one of the daugh
ters of master Jacques Fournier, king's
counsel in the said court of parliament,—
and lost his senses in such wise that, about
nine in the morning of St. John Baptist's
day, his frenzy seized him, and he threw
himself out of the window into the street,
broke his thigh, and so bruised his body
that he was long in the utmost danger, for
his frenzy continued a longtime; but at
length he recovered.

CHAP. IV.
THE JKING SENDS COMMISSIONERS TO MAK?
j, REFORMS AT PARIS. — THEIR PAGES AND
THE CLERKS OF THE PALACE, f QUARREL.
— A MURDEROUS WAR BETWEEN THE
t LIEGEOIS AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.
-,— (— A GREAT MORTALITY IN PARIS AND
"" ITS ENVIRON — TH^ j K^G r , APPOINTS
CERTAIN LORDS- FOR,. TflE .GUARD AND
DEFENCE OF HIS REALM,— EVENTS THAT
HAPPENED AT PARIS IN THIS YEAR
MCCCCLXVI.
In the month of July, many prelates, lords,
knights, churchmen, and others of the
king's council arrived at Paris, by the
king's orders, as commissioners to inspect
the courts of justice, and to reform what
ever they should find irregular, having had
very great powers given them for the pur
pose. They were twenty-one commission
ers in all, and the lord John bastard of Or
leans, count of Dunois and of Longueville,
wias their president; but no business could

be transacted unless thirteen members were
present, the count de Dunois being always
one. They were icalled ' The Reformers of
the . Public Welfare,' and ..opened their
sittings on the 16th day of July ; and,
that their measures might be salutary,
they commenced by hearing a fine mass
to the Divine Spirit chaunted, in the
holy chapel in the palace at Paris. This
was celebrated by Juvenel des Ursins, arch
bishop of Rheims, who had been chosen
one of the commissioners. This day twelve
month, the king met the count de Charo-
lois at Montlehery.
On the morrow, some of the pages of
the counsellors in the court of parliament,
while waiting for their piasters,,, sought a
quarrel . with the j>ages< pf , these commission
ers, an4 a great riot , emd. noise ensued, be
cause they had refused to pay their wel-
conie-nioney at the |>alafce.. This quarrel
was renewed. with more earnestness tjie, next
day, when their masters returned)^*) *ne
court, -and, proceeded,. at length to hiows
with fists, knives, pnd stones; so that many
were, mucli beaten and bruised, and some

26
even had their eyes knocked out, — and
force was employed to separate them. Se
veral said, that this was only done as an an-
niversary of the battle of Montlehery.
This year was very moist, so that al
though the corn was good in some parts of
France, in others it was spoilt and mildew
ed. There were many tempests, and storms
of thunder and lightning, which did much
damage in divers places of the kingdom,
more particularly in the Soissonnois, where
several houses were destroyed, churches un
roofed, — and infinite mischief was done to
the vineyards and corn-fields.
A serious war now took place between
the Liegeois and the duke of Burgundy,
who, on this occasion, resumed his arms,
and advanced to his army carried in a litteR,
attended by his son the count de Charolois,
with all his nobles, and the whole of his ar
tillery. He began the campaign, by laying
siege to Dinant, as has been amply detailed
in the chronicles of Monstrelet.
The heat of the weather in the months
of August and September, of this year,
was so excessive that it brought on a great
mortality in and about Paris, insomuch that

more than forty thousand persons of both
sexes died. In the number, was master Ar-
noul, the king's 'astrologer, a very good kind
of man, wi^e and pleasant. Several physi
cians, and officers ofthe king died; and such
numbers were buried in the churchyard of
the holy Innocents, and the great hospital
being full of dead and dying, it was ordered
ed, that in future all buryings should be made
in the churchyard of the Holy Trinity,
which church was appertaining to the town-
house of Paris. This mortality continued un
til the month of November. Public prayers
were offered up to God that it might cease,
— and solemn general processions were made
by the different parishes, in which were
carried holy relics, and the shrines of saints,
and even the shrines of our Lady, of Saint
Genevieve and Saint Marcel, when the
number of deaths decreased some little.
At this period, there were great alarms
in Paris, from the number of thieves and
housebreakers, who did great mischiefs dur
ing the night. Some were arrested and
whipped at a cart's tail, and others hanged,
for these crimes, on the gibbet at Paris. Ii}
this year was hanged at Paris, a large Nor-

28
man, a native, of Coutantin, in Norman
dy, for having long, cohabited with his
own daughter, by whom he had several
children, whom they put to death as
as soon as born. He was hanged, — and
she was burnt at Maigny, near Pontoise,
where they resided on quitting Norman
dy. The shrines of St Crespin and St
Crespinian were now brought to Paris*,
in the hopes that they would stop the
mortality^ and,, also to solicit alms for
the new-roofing: of their church at fSoissons,
which ., had ; .been destroyed in the sum
mer by lightning, as has been mentioned.
,.t.J)}irmg this time, the king and his
ministers resided at Orleans, Chartres,
Bourgas, ^Mehuo, Amboise, and other
places,,. where he, received divers em
bassies., from, England, Burgundy, and
elsewhere. The king npw determined to
maj$e war , on . the duke of, Burgund)^,
and, on his son, the count de, Charolois;
and. for this , purpose issued his summons
for . ti^, assembly, -of^ev ban, and arriere-
ban,, ,iii 1^e!;differen(t;,. towns of his ^eajm.
He C|$i>ted,, a large J_ody oi. franc-aretiers
bey oiid.j, their Ht:sUb_ishfcdir pumbeiy and

_>9
made several regulations for the- more
effectual defence of his kingdom. He
appointed the marshal de Loheac his
lieutenant for the town of Paris and the
Isle of France. To the lord de Chatillon
was given the guard of Champagne.
The care of Normandy was intrusted to
the count de Saint Pol, constable of
France, who, a little before, had been
the king's enemy, in conjunction with
the duke of Burgundy and the count de
Charolois. In the month of February, an em
bassy caine to the king : from Brittany,
who, having heard what they had to say,
received them well. They' afterwards pur
sued their journey into Flanders* -to wait
on the duke of Burgundy 'and his son.
The report was now current, that the king
and his brother had made tip their quarrel,
to the great joy of the nation. I should
have mentioned, that, prior to this, the
king had sent master John Hebert and the
bishop of Troys, with others, on an em
bassy to the Liegeois.
It happened, about this time, that three
sergeants at mace of the CMtelet, of bad

36
repute, forcibly entered, during the night
the chamber of a priest of St Paul's church,
while he was quietly asleep, and beat and
mutilated him much ; but not content
with this, they dragged him through the
streets, and, having sorely wounded him
in many places, went their way. The priest
prosecuted them ; in consequence of which
they were confined in the prisons of the
Chatelet, and were sentenced to be banishe4
France, to have their effects confiscated to
the king, and to make an amende honora
ble. From this sentence, they appealed
to the court of parliament, and the king's
attorney appealed thither also against the
sentence, as being too mild for such an out
rage. The court, therefore, confirmed the
judgment of the provost at the Chatelet,
and condemned them, in addition, to be
whipped through all the squares of Paris,
which was done.

SI

CHAP. V.
THE KING APPOINTS THE COUNT OF DAM
MARTIN GRAND MASTER OF HIS HOUSE
HOLD.  HE GOES WITH THE QUEEN TO
ROUEN, WHERE HE HAD APPOINTED THE
EARL OF WARWICK TO MEET HIM. — THE
DEATH OF DUKE PHILIP OF BURGUNDY. —
THE KING GOES TO CHARTRES, WHITHER
HE SUMMONS SOME OF THE PARISIANS,
AND COMMANDS THEM TO HAVE BAN
NERS MADE ACCORDING TO THE DIFFE
RENT PROFESSIONS AND TRADES.  A
MONK IS MURDERED IN THE TEMPLE. —
THE QUEEN MOST HONOURABLY RE
CEIVED IN PARIS.
On Thursday, the 22d day of April, in
this same ^year, Anthony de , Chabannes,
count of Dammartin, who had escaped
out of the bastile, and had afterward
done many mischiefs to the king's subjects
in Auvergne and elsewhere, on his arrival
before Paris with the confederated princes,
was created grand master of the royal
household in the room of the lord de

32
Croy, — and letters were granted him by
the king, to certify that the said Chabannes
had sworn to serve him loyally and faith
fully against all the world.
In the month of June, the king set
out from Paris for Rouen in Normandy ; and
during his stay there, he sent for the earl
of Warwick, who, for some cause, had
been forced to leave England. The earl
landed at Harfleur, and thence went in
a boat, with his company, to the village
of La Bouille on the Seine, five leagues
from Rouen. He arrived there on Sa
turday, the 7th of June, in time for
dinner, which he found ready pre
pared for him ; for the king \^as come
thither to receive him, and feasted him
and his company very grandly. After
dinner, the earl reimbarked in his boat
for Rouen, whither the king and his at
tendants went by land. The inhabitants
ofthe town went out to meet the earl as
far as the gate of the Quay St Eloy,
where the king had ordered all the parishes
to give him a most honourable reception,
with banners, crosses, and holy water
presented to him by ihe priests in their

33
copes. He was thus conducted in procession
to the cathedral, where he made his offer
ing, and thence went to the lodgings that
had been prepared for him at the Ja
cobins. The queen and princesses came like
wise to Rouen, — and J the king remained
there with the earl of Warwick the space
of twelve days, when the earl returned to,
England. On his departure, the king sent
with him the lord admiral, the bishop of
Laon, master John Poupaincourt, his
minister, master Olivier le Roux, and others.
During his stay at Rouen, the king made
him many rich presents ; such as pieces of
gold plate, and a cup of gold ornamented
with precious stones : the lord de' Elourbon
presented him. also with a handsome dia
mond ring, — and the whole ofthe expenses
of himself and his attendants were defrayed
by the king, from his landing at Harfleur
to his re-embarkation. The king, oh his
departure returned to" Chartres, where he
made some stay.
• In the month of June, in this year,
died Philip duke of Burgundy, in the town
of Bruges : his body was afterward carried
VOL. XI. D

34
to Dijon, and interred at the carthusian
convent. But this has been fully described
in the last chapter of the chronicles of En-
guerrand de Monstrelet.
The king while at Chartres, Ordered
the inhabitants of Paris to have banners
made, for their respective professions and
trades to range themselves under : each
banner to have a leader and a deputy-leader,
who were to have the management and
care of them ; and those enrolled under
their governance were to be armed in
jackets^ brigandines, light helmets, and
other sorts of offensive and defensive ar
mour, according to their several stations,
as well tradesmen as officers, nobles, mer
chants, churchmen, and persons of other
ranks, which was done.
In this same month of June, the king
summoned before him at Mellay, near
Chartres, some ofthe principal persons in
Paris, among whom was master John Bou-
lenger, president in the court of parlia
ment, master Henry de Livres, counsellor
in the said court, sir John Clerbout, master-
general ofthe mint, Jacques Rabours, pro
curator of the town of Paris, master

55
Eustache Milet, another counsellor in the
aforesaid court, Nicholas Laurens, Guil-
laume Roger, Jean de Hacqueville, and
other principal merchants, whom the king
sent to his council at Chartres> where they
remained some time.
About this time, two persons, called
Robert, de la Motte and Jean Raoul,
had been long detained prisoners, on the
accusation of a monk of Saint Lo, at
Rouen, named master Pierre le Marechal,
who had charged them, and others* with
being enemies to the king, and with having
conspired against his life. These charges
he could mot however, prove,-— and they
were found to be nothing but lies ; on
which the accuser was sentenced to death,
and was accordingly ^ drowned the 14th
day of July. De la Motte. Raoul, and
the others, were acquitted, and sent to their
homes. The, king, sdon aEek: this, sent an)
ordinance to be sealed at Paris : it was
signed Michel de VilterChartre : by which
the king vailed, for the repebpling of-
Paris, YS&rhieh had been much, depopulated
bjp .wars, 1 mortalities* and other events*
d %

36
that people of all nations and countries
might come and freely reside in that
town, suburbs, and within its jurisdiction,
and enjoy all the privileges attached to
the citizens of Paris, relative to the
crimes of murder, theft, and all others,
excepting that of high treason, — and during
their residence they were to bear arms
for the service of the king, against all
his enemies. This was proclaimed, by
sound of trumpet, in all the squares of
Paris, according to the privileges granted
to such as had been exiled to the towns
bf St Malo ahd Valenciennes. ,
This month, the king issued another
-proclamation, ' for all nobles holding fiefs
or arriere-fiefs, to be ready in arms; and
for those in Paris, and in the Isle of
France, to be prepared on the 15th day
of August to march whithersoever he might
be pleased to lead them.
On the 3rd day of August, a me
lancholy event happened at Paris. One
ofthe nionks of the Temple called friar
Thomas Lovecte, who was the receiver
of his house, had his throat cut by one
of mV brethren, name friar t Henry* in

37
consequence of some dispute that had
happened between them. Friar Henry
on committing the deed, absented himself,
and was not discovered until the 10th
of that month, when, about 10 o'clock
at night, an examiner at the Chatelet
called master John Potin, accompanied
by three sergeants at mace, made such
diligence that he was found hid in a
closet in the hotel of St Pol at Paris,
dressed in a rocquet of white cloth, and
a black hat on his head. In this state, he
was carried prisoner to the Chatelet, and
thence surrendered to the court, of par
liament, to which he had appealed against
his arrest, -^-alleging, that the place whence
he had been taken was a place of sane?
tuary, and claiming to be returned thi
ther. The monks of the Temple claimed
him as a priest of their order, — and he was
given up to them and led to their pri
son. On the 12th of August, in the year
1467, the grand prior of France, attended
by many great lords, assembled at the
Temple to sit in judgment on friar Henry,
when he was condemned to a perpetual
imprisonment in a dark dungeon, and

38
and to be fed, so long as he should
live, on Ihe bread of pain and water of
sorrow. ' At this time, the admiral, and those
before mentioned, who had accompanied
the earl of Warwick to England, return
ed to France, after having staid there
some time and concluded nothing. The king
of England sent, however, to the king
of France, presents of hunting horns,
bottles of leather, and other things, in
return for the very rich presents that
had been made the earl and his attendants
by the king and other lords on his leaving
Rouen. Friday the 18th of August, the king
came to Paris about eight o'clock in the
evening: he was attended by the duke
of Bourbon and many other lords. On
Tuesday, the first of September, the queen
arrived at Paris by water, and landed
near to the church of Notre Dame.
where she found, in waiting to receive
her, all the presidents and counsellors
of the court of parliament, the bishop
of Paris, and numbers of others of the
nobility, handsomely dressed.

39
Near this landing place, several rich
pageants had been prepared by the city
of Paris, — -and when it was known that
she approached the city, a grand pro
cession of boats filled with the principal,
inhabitants, and decorated wit|i silks and
tapestries, went out to meet her. In
some of these boats were placed choris
ters of the holy ehapel at Paris, who sang
most melodiously certain virelays and
pastorals adapted to the occasion. There
were also numbers of clarions and a band
of instrumental music, that saluted the
<|ueen and her ladies, as they entered
their boats, with a variety of melodies.
The citizens had placed in the queen's
barge a beautiful stag of confectionary,
having her arms emblazoned hanging
on his neck. There were likewise
plenty of salvers full of sweetmeats and
fresh fruits of all sorts, with a quantity
of violets and other sweet smelling flowers
-if ' ' ' -" ' Y '
scattered about every part of the barge.
Wines of different sorts were abundantly
distributed to all who pleased to partake
of them' The queen, having performed her

40
prayers in the church of Notre " Dame,
returned to her barge, and was rowed
down the river to the gate in front of
the church of the Celestins, where she
found other pageants. Here she again
landed, and, with her ladies, mounted
the beautiful hackneys and palfreys that
were there, waiting for them, and rode
to the king's hotel at the Tournelles,
where, in front of the gate, was another
pageant. That night, bonfires were light
ed in all the streets, and round tables
placed at different squares and open places,
where meat and drink was given to all
comers. The Thursday folio Aving, the 3rd of
September, master Nicholas Balue, brother
to the bishop of Evreux was married to
the daughter of sir John Bureau, lord
of Montglat. The marriage-feast was
held at the hotel de Bourbon, and was
abundantly splendid. Great honour was
done to this wedding, by the presence
of the king, the qUeen, the duke and
duchess of Bourbon, the Count de Nevers,
madame de Bueil, and all their at
tendants, who partook of the feast,

41
and made them many and very rich
gifts. The king and queen afterwards ac
cepted of many invitations to entertain
ments given by several of their courtiers.
Among others, on Thursday, the 10th
of the same month, the queen, accompa
nied by her sister, the lady Bona of Sa
voy, and the duchess of Bourbon, with
other ladies of their , attendants, supped
at the hotel of master Jean Dauvet, first
president of the parliament, where most
handsome preparations were made for their
reception, — and among other things were
four beautiful baths, in the expectation
that the queen would bathe; but she
declined it from being unwell, and because
the season was unfavourable. In one
of them, however, the duchess of Bour
bon and the lady Bona bathed, as did
madame de Montglat and Perrette de
Chalons, a Parisian, in the adjoining
one, and made good cheer there.

42

CHAP. VI.
THE KING ORDERS THE BANNERS OF PARIS
TO BE MUSTERED. — OF THE WAR WITH
LIEGE. — OF THE PRAGMATIC, WHICH A
LEGATE FROM THE POPE AND BALUE
ATTEMPT TO ABOLISH. — THE KING PAR
DONS THE DUKE OF ALENcON AND THE
LORD DU LAU. — THE COUNT DE SAINT
POL CONCLUDES A TRUCE BETWEEN THE
KING AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY,
WITHOUT INCLUDING THE LIEGEOIS. —
OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE
YEAR MCCCCLXVII.
On the 14th of September, the king or
dered all the banners of Paris to be
mustered without the walls ; and he issued
his commands, that on that day all per
sons, of whatever rank or condition, should
appear under their proper banner proper
ly accoutred for war. Nevertheless, should
there be any who had not yet prepared
their armour, they must make their ap
pearance with defenceable staves, under
pain of death.

43
It was a fine sight to see the dif
ferent banners march out of Paris, each
handsomely arrayed, and without noise or
confusion. They amounted to from sixty
to eighty thousand helmets, of which
full thirty thousand were armed in brigan
dines, plain armour, and jackets. When
they were drawn up in battle-array, the
king and queen and their court, came
out to see them, which they did with
much pleasure, — for never was seen so
numerous an army issue out of any town
before. There were seventy-seven banners
of the different trades, without including
the standards and guidons of the court
of parliament, of the chamber of accounts,
ofthe treasury, ofthe mint, of the tax
offices, of the Chatelet, and of the Hotel
de Ville, under which were as many, if
not more, able-bodied men than under all
the other banners.
Several tons of wine had been brought
from Paris, and placed at different spots
for those under muster to refresh them-
selves with, as their heads had been
taken off. They occupied a very large
tract of ground; for their line extended

44
from the dunghills between the gates of
St Anthony and the Temple, along the
ditches of Paris, and through the vineyards to
St Anthony des Champs, and from the walls
of St Anthony des Champs to the Grange
of Reuilly, and thence as far as Conflans.
From Conflans, it returned by the Grange
aux Merciers, along the river Seine to
the king's bulwark of the tower of Billy,
and from thence along the walls as far
as the gate of the bastile of St Anthony.
It was a marvellous sight to view the
great numbers who appeared at this mus
ter, — and several persons maintained, that
as many remained in Paris as had come
out. The king set out from Paris on the
22d of September, in the afternoon, on a
pilgrimage on foot to St Denis, having with-
him the bishop of Evreux, the lord de
Crussol*. Philip L'Huillier, and others.
Between Paris and St Denis, he was
accosted by three vagabonds, who demand
ed pardon for having been thieves, rob
bers on the highways, and murderers,
Louis lord de Crussol, — grand pantler of France.

45
which the king kindly granted them,
He remained the rest of the day at
St Denis, until vespers oh the morrow,
when he returned to his hotel of the Tour-
nelles, and supped that night at the hotel
of sir Denis de Hasselin, his pantler, and
assessor of the taxes at Paris, who had lately
become brother-gossip to the king, on ac
count of a (daughter his wife had lately
been brought to bed of, and to whom
the king' had been godfather by the proxy
of the bishop of Evreux : the godmothers
were mesdames de Bueil* and de Mont
glat -f.. The king made good cheer at this
supper ; and three handsome baths had been
prepared, for him, richly adorned, in the
supposition that he would have taken his
pleasure; but he declined doing so, because
he had a cold,' and because the season
was not kindly. ,>
At this time, a serious warfare broke
out between the Liegeois and the duke of
* De: Bueil. Jeanne, natural daughter to the
king married to Anthony de Bueil count de Sancerre,
son to John admiral of France.
f De Montglat. Germairie Hesselin, wife of
John. _3earuyeau lord of Montglat.

46
Burgundy, in alliance with the bishop of
Liege, cousin to the duke of Burgundy
and brother to the duke of Bourbon,
whom the Liegeois marched to besiege in
the town of Huys * ; and after having
been long before it, they gained it, — but
the bishop escaped. The king of France,
in the mean time, ordered four hundred
of his own lances to march to the aid
of the Liegeois, under the command of
the count de Dammartin, Salazart, Robert
de Coniham -j-, and Stevenot de Vignoles,
together with six thousand franc-archers,
taken from Champagne, the Soissohnois,
and other parts of the Isle of France.
The duke of Burgundy, hearing of
the success of the Liegeois, in the cap
ture of Huys, and that they had killed
many Burgundians, assembled his army',
with the determination to destroy the whole
* Huys,— according to modern France, is in
the department of the Ourth., on the Meuse.
f Robert de Coniham. Probably an officer, or
the commander, of the scots brigade in the ser
vice of France, Robert Coningham. He and his
men were defeated by sir Charles de Melun, in
Normandy, when op their march to aid the duke
of Berry.

47
country of Liege with fire and sword, and
he had it thus notified in his proclamations.
Those who published this notice held
in one hand a naked sword, and in the
other a burning torch, to signify, that
the war about to commence was to be
carried on with fire and sword.
In this month of September, the king
gave his letters for the abolition of the
pragmatic sanction* to a legate come
from Rome for that purpose : which/letters
were read and published in the court of
the Chatelet of Paris without ariy op
position. But when master John Balue,
on the first of October, carried them,
during the Vacations, to the court of par
liament to do the same, he found there
* Pragmatic sanction. A confirmation of a de
cree made in the council of Basil, whereby (among
other things established for the reformation of the
ecclesiastical state) the election of prelates, and
collation to benefices, during vacancy, as also the
decision of suits concerning them, (usurped, sortie
time before, by the court of Rome) was restored
unto the canons, priests, or monks ofthe diocese.
This information was published by an edict of
Charles VII. in the year 1438. — Catgrave.  See
a former note, vol. x. p. 94.

48
master John de St Romain, the king's
attorney-general, who formerly opposed
the effect and execution of these letters,
which greatly displeased Balue ; and he
uttered many menaces against St Ro
main,— telling him, that the king would
be much angered at his conduct, and re
move him from his office.
M. de St Romain paid no great at
tention to his menaces, and replied, that
as the king had given him his office, he
would exercise it during the king's plea
sure ; and that when he should please he
might displace him; but that he was
determined , to lose every thing sooner
than consent to any act that was detrimen
tal to his own conscience, to the crown,
or to the public welfare. He told Balue,
that he ought, to be. greatly ashamed for
having brought forward and supported
such a measure.
In consequence of this, the heads of
the. university ..waited on the legate, and
appealed against these letters to a general
council. They went thence to the court
of Chatelet, where they made a similar ap
peal, and had their opposition enregistered.

49
The king sent this legate and the bishop
of Evreux, who had lately been made car-?
dinal* with master John Ladriesch/3,
treasurer of France, and others, to the
count de Charolois, to execute some
commissions he had charged them with.
On the 8th of October, one called
Swestre le Moyne, a native of Auxerre,
having been imprisoned at Thironf, a
long time for certain crimes, was this
day drowned in the Seine, near the Grange
aux Merciers, according to the sentence
of sir Tristan de l'Hermite, provost of
the marshals of the king's household.
Sunday the llth, there was a pro
digious storm of thunder and lightning,
about eight o'clock at night, and before
and after it the most extraordinary heat
that had been ever felt at that season, which
seemed to all persons very unnatural. The
following day, the king went from his
hotel at the Tournelles, to hear vespers
at Notre Dame, — after which, a procession
* Cardinal. He was created cardinal 1464, ac
cording to Ciaconius.
t Thiron, — a small town in Beauce, election of
Chartres. VOL. XI. E

50
was made by the bishop and canons of
that church, when the king retired to
repose himself some time at the hotel of
of his first president of the parliament,
John Dauvet.
The king did not leave the president's
house until dark night, when, looking up,
he perceived a bright star over the hotel,
which followed the king until he had en
tered the hotel of the Tournelles, when
it disappeared, and was not seen again.
News came to the king, on Thursday
the 15th of October, that a large body
of Bretons, having gained possession of
the town and castle of Caen, had thence
marched to Bayeux, and held them both
against the king, which vexed him much,
— and he sent thither instantly the mar
shal le Loheac, then with him, to take
proper measures respecting these towns as
he had under his charge one hundred
lances from Brittany.
The duke of Alencon, who had been
convicted or hi_;h treason during the reign
of the late king, at a court of justice
held at Va d >rre, and of having practised
with the English, the ancient enemies of

51
France, had been condemned, in conse
quence of his confessions, to death, saving
the good pleasure of the king. Flis life
had been spared, but he remained a close
prisoner in the castle of Loches until
the present king's accession, when he was
fully pardoned, and all proceedings against
him were annulled. It happened, that a
lame man had been one of the principal
evidences against this duke, and was much
afraid of his revenge when set at liberty, —
to avoid which, he presented himself before
the king, and solicited to be taken under
his protection. This the king promised,
and personally commanded the duke no
way to injure this man, his family or his
fortune, as he was under his especial pro
tection. The duke engaged to perform
all the king wished; but he soon forgot
his promises, — and, having had the lame
man seized and brought before him, caused
him instantly to be put to death. The
wife of the murdered man appeared before
the king, to make her loss known, and
have redress for her injury; in consequence,
the king seized on all the towns and
lands of the duke, — but it was not long
E 2-

52

before they were restored, and he was
again pardoned. The duke, to show his
gratitude for these repeated marks of
favour, offered to give up his towns to
the Bretons, and to the duke of Berry,
in opposition to the interests of the king.
At this time, sir Anthony de Chateau-
neuf, lord du LaU, grand butler of France,
and seneschal of Guienne, who had been
chamberlain to the king, and more beloved
by him than any other courtier, who had
amended his fortune by the king's service,
to the amount of three or four hundred
thousand golden crowns, had fallen into
disgrace, and was confined in the castle
of Sully sur Loire * ; but in the month of
October, the king sent sir Tristan de l'Her-
mite, and master Guillaume Cerisay, lately
appointed griffier civil to the parliament,
to take the lord du Lau from the prisons
at Sully, and to carry him to t,he castle
of Usson* in Auvergne. While they
were thus transporting him, a report was
* Sully sur Loire, — eight leagues from Orleans.
•J- Usson, — four leagues from Brionde.

53
spread, and long continued, that the lord
du Lau was drowned*.
Tuesday, the 2M of October, the kijug
left Paris to go into Normandy, and this
night lay at Villepreux f, and on the
morrow at Mantes. Prior to his departure,
he sent off such of his captains as were
then near his person to collect the men
under their command, and to follow him
with them into Normandy or wherever else
he might be. He also published an edict,
to declare, that henceforth his pleasure
.was that all officers should remain in
peaceable possession of their places, and
that there should be no vacation, but by
death, resignation, or confiscation ; that
should he, through importunities, grant
any office contrary to this his declaration,
Jie willed, that it should not be valid,
but that strict and equal justice should be
done to all.
From Mantes, he went to Vernon
.sur Seine, where he staid some time ;
* The lord du Lau did not die until 1483
or 1484.
j- Villepreux, — two leagues from Versailles.

during which the constable there joined
him, and found means to obtain from
the king a truce for six months with the
count de Charolois, without including the
Liegeois, who had already made war
against the count, in the expectation of
being supported by the king, according
to the promises he had made them, and
they now found themselves quite aban
doned by him. The constable returned
to the duke of Burgundy with the in
telligence of the truce being signed.
Soon after this, the cardinal of Evreux,
and the others who had been sent by
the king to Flanders, came to him at
Vernon ; and he thence went to Chartres,
whither he sent for the greater part of
his artillery from Orleans, that it might
be transported to Alen9on, and the other
towns of which he wanted to gain the pos
session. The king again sent master John
Prevost to Flanders, with a copy of the
aforesaid truce to the duke of Burgundy.
On the 16th of November, the car
dinal, the treasurer Ladriesche, master
John .Berart, and master Geoffry Alnequin',
came to Paris to review their banners,

55
and to execute other commissions given
them by the king.
The king left Chartres and went to
Orleans, Clery, and other towns there
abouts, and thence to Vendome and
Mont St Michel, having a large train of
artillery with him, and a great number
of men at arms. During this time, the
Bretons issued out in arms from their
country, and gained Avranches and
other towns in Normandy. They spread
over the whole of that part of the country,
as far as Caen, Bayeux and Coutances.
The duke of Burgundy, in consequence
of the truce with France, wherein the
Liegeois were not mentioned, entered that
country unmolested, — when, finding that
they had been deserted by the king, and
that they should be destroyed, they sur
rendered aH their towns to the count de
Charolois, on condition of paying him a
large sum of money, and ' having parts
ofthe gates and walls of their towns pulled
down.

56

CHAP. VII.
THE KING SENDS COMMISSARIES TO REVIEW
THEPARISIAN BANNERS, OFFICERS AS WELL
AS MEN. — THE KING'S ARMY MARCHES
BETWEEN MANS AND ALENCON, TO
OPPOSE THAT OF THE, BRETONS.— THE
DUKE OF BURGUNDY COLLECTS A LARGE
ARMY AT SAINT QUENTIN. — THE THREE
ESTATES OF FRANCE ASSEMBLE AT TOURS
IN MCCCCLXVII.
The cardinal de Balue, and the other
commissaries, proceeded in mustering the
troops under the parisian banners, in
different parts of that town, on the walls,
between the gates of the Temple and St
Martin within the Temple precincts, on
the walls between the tower of wood and
the gate of Saint Honore, in front of
the Louvre, and elsewhere.
The king had it proclaimed through
Paris, on the 22d of November, that all
Who had been accustomed to bear arms
and had been disbanded without receiving
their pay, should appear before certain

57
commissioners whom he had ordered to
settle their accounts, and to relist them
for his service in the wars. On the 24th,
master John Prevost returned to the
king from the count de Charoiois, to whom
he had carried a copy of the truce, with the
count's answer.
On the !26th, a general muster was
made out of Paris, fronting the church
and abbey of St Germain des Pres, unto
the river Seine, when great nutaiibers ap
peared well equipped, both horse and
foot. There were the treasurers of France,
the counsellors, and clerks of the exchequer,
the masters of the mint, the officers of
the treasury and of taxes, the assessors,
the whole court of parliament, the practi
tioners in the court ofthe Chatelet : in all, a
fine and numerous company. With the above
companies were a ^reat <body of horse
and foot under the Standard and guidon
of the Hotel de Ville. The bishop, the
heads ©ftlhe university, the abbots, priors,
and other churchmen of .Paris, appeared
theafe witih a certain number of men, well
a_fmed and well appointed.
When these musters were over, the

58
cardinal,' and the other commissaries, left
Paris to wait on the king, who was between
Mans and Alencon with a very great
army, to oppose the further progress of
the Bretons ; for he was followed by
more than one hundred thousand horse,
and twenty thousand foot: he had also
his train of "artillery to besiege Alencon,
or any other place, that should refuse
him obedience. Truces were now in agita
tion, which kept the king's army, idle, to
the great destruction of the country for
more than twenty or thirty leagues round
Mans and Alencon, which was foraged by
the troops.
The count de Charolois, having had
complete success over the Liegeois, re
turned to St Quentin, and issued his sum
monses for all his vassals to appear there
in arms on the 15th day of December,
under heavy penalties. He also issued
his orders throughout Burgundy, for all
nobles, or others bearing arms, to appear.
before his , commissioners at Montsavion,
there, to receive their pay, and to march
from Montsavion on or before the 20th
day of December for St Quentin, to aid

'59
him in the support of his very dearly
beloved brother the lord Charles of France
and the duke of Brittany, against
all their enemies and illwishers. Such
was the substance of the proclamation.
In consequence thereof, those merchants,
and others, who had gone into Burgundy
on their affairs, returned to Paris as
speedily as they could. The count de
Charolois issued fresh orders for all his
troops to meet him at St Quentin the
4th day of January.
On Sunday, the feast of the holy
Innocents, the duke of Bourbon was sent
to Paris by, the king, to place therein,
as well as in other towns, sufficient
garrisons to defend them against the
Burgundians, and to prevent their
making any inroads through the country.
The marshal de Loheac came with him,
as it was said, to be lieutenant of Paris;
but he departed, two days afterwards, for
Rouen, and other towns in Normandy,
to put them in a proper state of defence^
and remained there some time. The
duke of Bourbon staid at Paris, and was

60
feasted by all the chief persons in that
town. At this time, the town of Alencon
was surrendered to the king by the count
du Perche, son to the duke of Alencon,
as -he was in possession of the castle,
though the Bretons had gained the town.
The king, in the mean time, never quitted
Mans ; and while there, he sent the pope's
legate before mentioned, with Anthony de
Chabannes, count of Dammartin, the
treasurer Ladriesche, and others, to the
Wd Charles in Brittany, to negotiate an
accomm odation.
The king, at length, consented to the
assembly of the three estates; and the
town of Tours was fixed on for their
plaoe of meeting, which was .appointed for
the (first day of April.* The king now
-departed from Mans, and went to Mon
tis les-Tours, Amboise, and other places
in that neighbourhood, On account of the
holding of the three estates at Tours. The
king was .present at their opening, — when,
* The estates were held the ,6th, of April, and
ended the 14th cf the same month. Petite Chronique.

61
after much discussion on the matters on
account of which they were assembled,
they were dissolved at Easter-day, in the
year 1468. Each person now returned to
his home. There were present at this meeting,
besides the king> the king of Sicily, the
duke of Bourbon, the count du Perche,
the patriarch of Jerusalem, the cardinal
of Angers, and many great barons, arch
bishops, abbots, and deputies from [all the
different provinces and towns of France.
The question was agitated at this as
sembly respecting the appanage for the
lord Charles, brother to the king, — and
after mature deliberation, it was agreed,
that he ought to be satisfied with landed
property, having the title of duchy or
marquisate, of twelve thousand livres tour-
nois yearly rent; and that the king,
in addition, should pay him an annual
pension of sixty thousand livres, but with
out serving as a precedent for other children
of France, who should hereafter descend
from the crown, to .demand a similar
establishment, the king having granted so
Very large a sum as sixty thousand livres

from his brotherly affection and his wish
for peace; that, in regard to the duchy
of Normandy, the lord Charles could not
have it, as it was not in the king's power
to grant it by dismembering the crown.
Respecting the duke of Brittany, who
detained the lord Charles in his duchy,
and had taken by force some towns in
France, and was suspected of holding in
telligence with the English, the ancient
enemies of France, it was determined by
the three estates that he should be sum
moned to restore these said towns to the
king; and should he refuse to do so, and
should the king have certain information
of his connexion with the English, he
must recover them by force of arms, and
attack the duke wherever he might meet
him. The three estates promised to sup
port him in these measures, namely, the
churchmen with their prayers and tem
poral effects, and the nobles and com
monalty with their lives and fortunes, unto
death. In regard to the want of due justice
being administered throughout the realm,
the king had a singular desire to accomplish

63
it, and was willing that sufficiently well
informed persons should be elected from
all ranks, to provide a remedy for any
abuses, and establish order and equity.
The three estates were of opinion, that
the count de Charolois ought, from his
near relation to the king of France, and
as a peer of the realm, to exert himself
manfully in these measures.
The king on the breaking up of the
estates, went to Arnboise, and thence sent
an embassy to those assembled at Cam-
bray, to know their resolutions in con
sequence of what had passed at the meet
ing at Tours.

64

CHAP. VIII.
TOURNAMENTS AT PARIS AND AT BRUGES.
THE KING GOES TO MEAUX.  THE PRINCE
OF PIEDMONT COMES TO PARIS.— THE
LORD DU LAU ESCAPES FROM HIS CON
FINEMENT IN THE CASTLE OF USSON,
WHICH CAUSES MANY TO LOSE THEIR
HEADS. — THE BRETONS AND BURGUN-
DIANS TAKE MERVILLE. — CHARLES DE
MELUN BEHEADED. — THE SUBSTANCE OF
WHAT PASSED BETWEEN THE KING AND
THE DUKES OF BERRY AND BRITTANY. —
PEACE CONCLUDED WITH THE DUKE OF
BURGUNDY, IN THE YEAR MCCCCLXVIII.
On Monday, the 5th day of May, the lady
Ambroise de Lore, widow of the late sir
Robert d'Estouteville, provost of Paris, died
about an hour after midnight, and was much
lamented ; for she was a noble, good, and
modest lady, — and all decent, well behaved
persons were honourably received at her
house. This same day, about nine or ten
at night, a mill at Paris, belonging to the
prior of St Ladre, took fire, through the

65
carelessness of a scoundrel-servant, who
had stuck his candle against the wall near
his bed, which fell thereon and burnt the
premises ; but this servant escaped, and ran
away like a fox.
A tournament was held, on the 15th of
this month, in front of the king's hotel at
the Tournelles, by four gentlemen belonging
to the company of the grand seneschal of
Normandy, who had ordered the lists, and
prepared the field. They had caused pro
clamation to be made, that they Would there
be ready to break three lances against all
comers. Many Parisians appeared at the lists,
on the appointed day : the first was Jean
Raguier, overseer of the salt-magazines at
Soissons, treasurer of the army in Nor
mandy, and son to master Anthony Ra
guier, counsellor and treasurer of the king's
armies. John Raguier arrived in great
haste from Rouen, to be ready for this
tournament, and came late in the even
ing of the day to St Ladre, attended by
many gentlemen of the company of Joa
chim Rohauit, marshal of France, and
Others, to the number of twenty horse.
VOL. XL F

66
He remained secretly, and without noise
at St Ladre, until the morrow, when
his companions conducted him, with the
sound of trumpets and clarions, to the
lists. He was attended by four footmen,
dressed in liveries, who kept close to
the side of the courser he rode, ready
to serve him and hold his lance. His
companions were all uniformly dressed
in handsome hoods, embroidered with
great letters of gold.
He made several circuits of the lists
before the other champions appeared, and
behaved gallantly against them, — for he
broke five lances, and would have done
more, had the judges of the field per
mitted it. When he had so honourably
performed his courses, he paraded round
the lists, thanking the ladies and damsels
for their presence, and taking his leave
of the judges, — from all of whom he ac
quired much praise.
He Avas succeeded by an assessor of
Paris, called Marc Senamy, and two sons
of sir John Sanguin, who all acquitted
themselves with courage and address, but
did not gain equal praises with their

67
predecessor. Then came Charles de Lou
viers, cup-bearer to the king, who carried
himself with such gallantry and vigour
that he broke several lances, and the
prize of the day was adjudged to him.
The four champions remained much bruis
ed : two of them carried their arms in
scarfs, and another had his hand badly
wounded helow his gauntlet, — so that the
honour ofthe day belonged to the Pa
risians. On the preceding Sunday, the 8th
of May, another tournament was per
formed at Bruges before the duke of
Burgundy with great triumph ; and there
another Parisian, called Jerom of Cam-
bray, attached to the service of the duke,
tilted, and carried away the prize*.
When the tiltings were over at Paris
the king left Amboise for that city, bring
ing with him the lords of Bourbon, of
Lyon, of Beaujeu, and other great
* Fuller particulars of this tournament may be
seen in the Memoirs of Oliver de la Marche. Philip
de Comines tilted with Jerom, of Cambray ; but
it is not said that Jerom, in this tilting, bore off
the honour.
F 2

68
barons. He made some stay at Lagny
sur Marne, Meaux, and other places in
that neighbourhood. On the day of As
cension was an earthquake felt at Tours,
Amboise, and in divers parts of Touraine.
During the king's stay at Lagny and
Meaux, he had his summons proclaimed
in Paris, for all nobles and others to be
prepared on the eighth day, in arms, to
march whithersoever they should be or
dered, under the severest penalties.
While he remained at Meaux, a
man from the Bourbonnois was there
beheaded, on the 27th day of June, for
having revealed the king's secrets to his
ancient enemies the English. Prior to
this, the king had sent the prince of
Piedmont, son to the duke of Savoy to
Paris, to kindle a bonfire at the Greve,
and to set at liberty all who were con
fined in the prisons of the parliament,
the Chatelet, and elsewhere.
About this time, Charles de Melun, a
man at arms in the company of the lord
admiral, having been made governor of
the castle of Usson in Auvergne, had
tlie guard of the person of the lord du

69
Jjsm intrusted to him on pain of his life.
But this lord made his escape, to the
great vexation of the king, who, in con
sequence, had Charles de Melun confined
in the castle of Loches, and afterwards
beheaded there for his negligence. A
youth called Remmonet, the son of Me
lun' s wife, was also beheaded at Tours
for this escape, — and the king's attorney
at Usson suffered a similar fate at Meaux
for the same cause. The king, on leaving
Meaux, went to Senlis, and thence to
Creil. The Burgundians and Bretons still
kept possession of Normandy, and one
day took prisoner the lord de Merville-^-
which town of Merville is situated between
St Sauveur sur Dive and Caen— and forced
him to surrender the place, in which was a
body of franc-archers. The instant they
entered the town, they murdered all they
found, hung, the lord de Merville, and, hav
ing completely pillaged the houses and easy
tie, set the whole on fire.
The king went from Creil to Com-
piegne, where he made some stay, and
then returned to Senlis; The duke of

70
Burgundy came from Senlis to Paris on
the feast of the Assumption of our Lady
but the king, '"before his departure, had
sent the lord of Lyon and the lord con
stable to the duke of Burgundy, to ne
gotiate terms of peace between them.
The king, however, did not fail to
order his army into Normandy, under
the command of the lord admiral. He
was so diligent that in less than a month
he drove away the Bretons who had pos
sessed themselves of Bajeux.
On Saturday the 20th of August, sir
Charles de Melun lord of Normanville,
and lately grand master of the household,
who had been imprisoned at the castle
of Glaillard*, under the guard of the
count de Dammartin, was tried before
the provost of the marshals, for the crimes
he was accused of, and was this day taken
out of prison, carried to the market
place of Andelif, and there publicly be
headed.
* Gaillard, Q,. Gaillon ? on the Seine.
t Andeli, — Andeli le petit, a league, distant
from Gaillon. The count de Dammartin was the

71
The king remained at Noyon, Com-
piegne, Chauny, and other places there
about, until the 15th of September, when
news was brought him that the lord
Charles his brother and the duke of Brit
tany were become good friends and well-
wishers to his person ; that the lord Charles
was willing to accept of the annual pen
sion of sixty thousand francs, and such
an appanage as those lords whom he would
fix upon as his arbitrators should agree
to. His arbitrators were the duke of Ca
labria and the constable of France.
The duke of Brittany offered to re
store to the king the towns his men held
in Normandy, if those the king had pos
session of in Brittany were given in ex
change, which was agreed to by the king.
greatest enemy to sir Charles de Melun, who once
enjoyed the most unbounded power and favour
with Louis XI. The executioner failed in his first
attempt to behead him ; on which sir Charles arose
and declared himself innocent of the charges laid
against him; but said, that if it was the king's
pleasure for him to die, he was contented, and
relaid his head on the block very quietly, when it
was cut off.

It
Information of this was sent to the duke
of Burgundy then with his army nea?
to Peronne, between Eclusiers and Cappy
on the river Somme ; but he was un
willing to believe it, until it was con-*
firmed by the lord Charles and the duke
of Brittany. And although this recon
ciliation was afterward certified to him by
the herald of the duke of Brittany, he
would not disband his army, but march
ed it to a strong position on the Somme
between Eclusiers and Cappy le Doz,
which he made stronger by outworks.
During this time, different embassies
were sent by the king to the duke of
Burgundy by the lord Constable, the
cardinal of Angers, master Pierre d' Oriole,
and others, to negotiate a pacification,
which the king was greatly desirous of, —
although* his captains were of a different
opinion, and required of the king to allow
them to act, and they would deliver the
duke and his whole army into his hands ;
but this he would, never, permit,— and
even forbade any hostile acts, on pain
of death. On the 12th of October, it
was publicly known that a truce until

73
the ensuing month of April had been
concluded between them, and that the
king, in consequence, had determined to
go to Creil and Pontoise, whither he had
sent his harbingers; but he afterwards
changed his mind, and returned in haste
from Compiegne to Noyon, which he had
just left.
In this interval, Philip de Savoye,
Poncet de Riviere lord Dulse, the lord
du Lau, with others who had joined
them, did very great mischiefs to the
country they had overrun. In conse
quence, a proclamation was made in Paris
on the 8th day of October, for all the
nobles and other vassals within the. pro-
vostshjp and, viscounty of Paris, to ___us»
ter in arms at Gonesse on the Monday
following, and be ready to> march wheue*
ever they should be ordered; This pares*
danaaifcion greatly alarmed the Parisians*,
for feaai the reports @f a^ truce shiauid prove
unfounded. The king: hearing mat the duke oft
Bwgunsfe^. was gone to Peroene,. Left
Noyon in a hawry to meet him! theres/
He wsasY accjampaajied. by few persons,

74
having with him only . the cardinal of
Angers, some few of his household, the
duke of Bourbon, and others. Thus pri
vately did he go to Peronne, to the duke
of Burgundy, who received him, as he
was bound to do, with much respect.
They were long in private conversation,
and seemed so perfectly satisfied with
each other, notwithstanding what had
passed before, that a peace was agreed
on between them. The duke of Burgun
dy, swore that henceforward he would
never do any thing contrary to the king's
will, and that he would remain his faith
ful servant and subject until death.
In concluding this peace, the king
confirmed the treaty of Arras, — and other
private articles were agreed on, as the
king afterwards advertised his nobles,
churchmen, court of parliament at Paris,
and populace, for which great rejoicings
were made, with general processions, and
singing of ' Te Deum laudamus,' and
other praises to God. Bonfires were made
and tables laid out in all the streets for
whoever chose to eat or drink.
While this was passing, news came

75
that the Liegeois had made prisoner and
put to death their bishop, with all his
officers, — which much angered the king,
the dukes of Burgundy and Bourbon,
and others of his brothers. This was fol
lowed by the intelligence that the duke
of Burgundy was preparing to march
against them in person to punish them.
Immediately different news was brought,
namely, that the bishop was neither put to
death nor a prisoner, but that the Liegeois
had constrained him to chaunt at mass ;
that eA^er since they had been well pleas
ed with him, and acknowledged him for
their true lord, promising him all obedience
in hopes by this conduct to efface from
his mind their former behaviour to him.

76

CHAP. IX.
THE KING OF FRANCE GOES TO NOTRE DAME
OF HALLE*. — THE TOWN OF LIEGE DE
STROYED. — THE KING RATIFIES AT PARIS
HIS TREATY WITH THE DUKE OF BUR
GUNDY. — HE HAS ALL THE GAME ROUND
PARIS TAKEN ALIVE, TO SEND TO THE
COUNT DE FOIX, AS A TOKEN OF FRIEND
SHIP. — A GREAT INUNDATION IN HOL
LAND AND ZEALAND. — A PRISONER IN
THE CHASTELET FOR THEFT INFORMS
AGAINST HIS COMPANIONS, WHO ARE ALL
HUNG. — -MCCCCLXVIII.
At this time, the king of France went
on a pilgrimage to our Lady at Halle,
where he did not remain long. Philip
de Savoye and others who had accom
panied him made their peace with the
king, through the mediation of the duke
of Burgundy. When he had performed
his pilgrimage at Halle, he went to meet
the duke of Burgundy at Namur, and
determined to accompany him in his
# Halle,— a town three leagues from Brussels.

77
war against Liege, during which he was
lodged for some time in the suburbs of that
city. With the king was the duke of Bour
bon, the archbishop of Lyon, the lord of
Beaujeu and the bishop of Liege, all
brothers. The bishop had come out of the
town, to endeavour to bring about an ac
commodation, on the part of the inhabi
tants, with the duke of Burgundy.
His offers were, to surrender the town,
with all its effects, on condition that the in
habitants should have liberty to retire whi
ther they pleased unmolested. The duke
not only refused these terms, but swore
that he and his army should perish sooner
than not have the town and its inhabitants
at his pleasure to do by as should to him
seem good. He would not suffer the bishop
to return, but detained him in his camp,
although he had given his word to come
back to Liege and live and die there.
Soon after the departure of the bishop
from their city, and when they knew that
he was prevented from returning, the Lie
geois made several sallies on the king's
and duke's quarters, — but when any of
them were taken, they were instantly put

78
to death. In spite, however, of all their
efforts, the duke of Burgundy gave orders
for a general attack on the city between
eight and nine in the morning of the 3 Oth
day of October, when the Burgundians
and the king's troops entered the town
without resistance; for the better part of
the inhabitants, hearing of the intended at
tack, had fled, leaving behind only the po
pulace, — women, children, old men and
monks, who were indiscriminately killed, —
and every violence was displaj^ed as usual
in a town taken by storm. Many young
women and girls were violated, and after
wards murdered. Although the king,
the dukes of Burgundy and of Bour
bon, the archbishop of Lyon, the bishop
of Liege, and the lord of Beaujeu h, d en
tered the city, the greatest and most cruel
disorders were continued, — such as forcing
convents, killing of children, and priests'
even while officiating at their altars. When
they had satisfied themselves in plundering
the churches and houses, they set them on
fire, and threw down the walls into the
ditches. When this business was done, the king

79
returned to Senlis and Compiegne, whither
he summoned his courts of parliament and
of the exchequer, and others of his council,
to whom he gave different instructions ;
and as he did not intend to stay there long,
he ordered the cardinal of Angers to ex
plain to them the treaty he had concluded
with the duke of Burgundy, consisting of
forty-two articles, which the cardinal spe
cified unto them ; telling them from the
king, that it was his royal will that each
article in the aforesaid treaty should be
most punctually observed, and that it should
be enregistered without delay or difficulty,
under the severest penalties for disobedi
ence. The king left Compiegne, and stop
ped at different places near Paris, without
inclining to enter that city. Several of his
great lords, such as the duke of Bourbon,
his brothers the archbishop of Lyon, the
lord of Beaujeu, the marquis du Pont, and
others, kept him company.
On Saturday, the 19th of November,
the treaty concluded with the duke of Bur
gundy was publicly proclaimed by sound
of trumpets throughout Paris ; and all per-

80
sons Were forbidden to publish any thing
abusive of <he said duke, whether by words,
writings, signs, paintings, rondels, ballads,
defamatory libels, pantomimic songs, or
otherwise, in respect to past circumstances ;
for that all who should act contrary to this
prohibition would be most severely punish
ed for their boldness, as was more particu
larly explained in the body of the procla*
mation. This same day by virtue of a commis
sion from the king addressed to a youth in
Paris, called Henry Perdriel, all the tame
magpies, jays, jackdaws, and other birds.,
whether in cages or not, were seized and
carried before the king*. The places
whence they had been taken were register
ed, as well as all the words they had been
taught to speak, such as ' thief — lecher-
son of a whore — get away — get awav — ¦*
Perette, give me some drink,' with many
other such like expressions.
* The cause of the king's ridiculous order to seize
all the ta'iie magpies in Paris was owing to many of
the Parisians having taught them to cry ' Peronne!1
whence he had so narrowly escaped from the duke- of
Burgundy.

81
By another order from the king, ad
dressed to Merlin de Cordeboeuf, he was
empowered to collect all the stags, hinds,
cranes, and other game he could lay hands
on, and have them conveyed to Amboise.
The count de Foix arrived at Paris in
the month of December following ; and
while there fell most desperately in love
with a very handsome woman, Estien-
nette de Besancon, the wife of a rich mer
chant, called Henry of Paris. This dame
was much prized and courted by all the re
spectable ladies of the town, and was in
vited to the different banquets and enter
tainments then given at Paris, where she
entered into joyous and amorous discourses
with the count de Foix. In consequence
of proposals and splendid offers made by
him, it was agreed on between them, that
she should quit her husband's house at Paris
the 12th day of that momh, and abandon
her husband, children, father, mother, bro
thers and sisters, her relations and friends.
Thus foolishly seduced, she went away.
after the count de Foix with some of his at
tendants that had been left behind in Paris
for the purpose, who conducted her to their
VOL. XI. G

82-
lord, then waiting for her coming, at Blois.
Having passed three days with her at Blois,
the count went to Tours, to wait on the
king, having Estiennette in his company.
She was well received at Tours by her un
cle Martin Ponchier, a rich burgher ; but
within a short time she was sent to her aunt,
the prioress of the convent of Fontevral,
where she was long detained.
The king now fixed his residence
at Tours, Amboise, and at other places in
that part of his kingdom, waiting for the
delivery of the queen, as it was said she
was with child, — but it Avas not so. During
this period, he appointed a certain number
of lances from his establishment, to march
to Arragon, to assist the duke of Calabria
in the recovery of his kingdom. With
these lances, eight thousand franc-archers
and a large train of artillery Avere ordered
on the same service, — but none of them
took the field, although such orders had
been issued.
In the month of February, "ambas
sadors came to Paris from the duke of
Burgundy, for the completion of the
articles of the late treaty of peace. The

83
king sent instant and pressing orders to
the provosts, sheriffs, and nobles in Paris-,
to shew every attention, by entertainments,
and otherwise, to these ambassadors, Avhich
Avas done handsomely and abundantly.
The - first feast was given by the cardinal
of Angers; the second, by the first pre
sident of- the parliament; the third, by
master John de Lidriescb.3, president of
thev chamber of accounts and treasurer
of France; the fourth, by the lord de Mery .
the fifth and last, by the provost and burgher g
of the city, which was plentiful and mag
nificent. During these entertainments, all
their papers Avere expedited through the
courts of laAv, according to the orders before
given by the king.
On Thursday, the 16th of February,
Chariot le Tonnellier, surnamed La Hotte,
a journeyman hosier living at Paris, was
confined in the Chatelet for divers thefts
he Avas charged Avith. He denied his guilt,
and was ordered by the provost of Paris,
and the crown-officers at the Chatelet,
to be put on his trial. He appealed, and
by arrest of judgement, was remanded by
the provost; but as he was passing from
G 2

84
his cell to the chamber of torture, he
caught up a knife that lay in his way
and cut out his tongue. He was, there
fore, led back again, Avithout any thing
more being done on that day.
At this time, some of the dykes in
Holland and Zealand that had been con
structed against the sea broke down, and
caused so great an inundation in the
countries of the duke of Burgundy that
many towns and places were utterly de
stroyed. The damages Avere said to be
much more considerable than Avhat the
duke, in his fury, had inflicted on Liege.
When Chariot le Tonnellier was cured
of the Avounds he had inflicted on him
self by cutting out his tongue, he was
again brought to the torture-chamber,
because he Avould not confess his guilt.
Having been for some time seated on
the stool of torture; he said he Avould
confess the truth, and then told the Avhole
history of his life, and the great number
of thefts that he had committed. He
accused many as his accomplices, and in
the number his own brother surnamed
Le Gendarme, a locksmith, a silversmith,

85
a sergeant fieffe * named Pierre Moynet,
and others, who Avere all immediately ar
rested, examined, and confronted with
Chariot. Having confessed their guilt,
on Tuesday in Passion-week, La Hotte,
his brother, the sergeant, the locksmith,
a shearman, and an old cloaths man called
Martin de Coulogne, Avere ordered to be
hanged on the gibbet at Paris by sentence
of the provost of Paris.
They appealed to the parliament
against his judgement, and the court con
firmed the sentence in regard to four of
them, namely, La Hotte, his brother, the
shearman, and the locksmith, who were
on the following day executed. The two
others, namely, the old cloaths man and
the sergeant, were detained in prison
until after the feast of Easter, when the
old cloaths man was given up to the
provost, and executed on the eve of Low
Sunday. On Good Friday of this year Avas
much thunder and lightning, which alarmed
* A sergeant fiefF_, — Cotgrave says, was an
Tiereditary sergeant employed in the collection of
taxes, &c.

86
many persons, from the old saying, ' that
none should say, Alas! if thunder be not
heard in March.'

[a. d. 1469.]
CHAP. X.
THE TREASON OF THE CARDINAL OF AN
GERS, WHO, IN CONSEQUENCE, IS IMPRI
SONED.  THE KING OF SICILY AND HIS
QUEEN WAIT ON THE KING.  PEACE MADE
BETWEEN THE KING AND HIS BROTHER,
NOAV DUKE OFGUIENNE, WHO COMES TO
MONTILS-LES-TOURS. — AN ALLIANCE BE
TWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN. — THE DUKE
OF BRITTANY REFUSES TO WEAR THE
KING'S ORDER. — THE BAN AND REAR BAN
SUMMONED TO OPPOSE KING EDWARD OF
ENGLAND. — OTHER EVENTS THAT HAP
PENED IN THE YEAR MCCC'CLXIX.
The cardinal of Angers, John Balue, Avho
had within a short time received so much
wealth and so many honours from the
king, by Avhosc recommendation the pope

87
had created him a cardinal, and for whom
the king had done more than for any
prince of his blood, having . unbounded
confidence in him, — this cardinal, forgetful
of his God, and unmindful of the honour
and profit of the king and kingdom, in
duced the king to go to Peronne, where
he Avas, through intelligence from the
cardinal, joined by the duke of Burgundy;
and he there established some sort of a,
peace, Avhich they mutually swore in his
hands to observe. He then prevailed on
the king to accompany the duke in his
attack on Liege, although that city had
risen in arms against the duke through
the instigations and promises of the king.
The consequence was, the slaughter ' and
destruction of the Liegeois, as has been
told. But the worst was, that the king,
the duke of Bourbon, and his three
brothers, with many of the great lords
of France, were in the utmost danger of
being .slain, Avhich would have been the
greatest disgrace France could suffer since
its .becoming a. monarchy.
When the king Avas returning to
Tours, the cardinal prevented him from

88
entering his good city of Paris, and made
him take a circuit of two miles, thinking
to make the king believe that Paris was
ill inclined towards him, and thereby to
excite the king's anger against it.
During the king's residence at Tours
and Angers, he satisfied his brother in
respect to his appanage, by giving him
the duchy of Guienne, and other things,
which greatly pleased him. But the car
dinal, observing the good understanding
that now subsisted between the brothers,
attempted again to throw the kingdom
into the same confusion he had done
before, and to. excite a quarrel between
the king and the princes of the blood.
For this purpose, he sent an especial
messenger to the duke of Burgundy with
full accounts of all that had passed between
the king and the new duke of Guienne,
giving him to understand that their present
union Avas grounded solely on his ruin, —
and that, so soon as they could collect
a sufficient force, they would invade his
territories on all sides. He advised, that
in order to be beforehand with them, he
should assemble the greatest army he pos-

89
sibly Could, and lose no time in declaring
war against France. He added a number
of other treasonable plans, which he had
written and sent by one of his servants
to the duke of Burgundy; but his mes
senger was arrested on the road with all
these papers, which Avere instantly laid
before the king.
The moment their contents had been
read, the cardinal was arrested and carried
prisoner to Montbason *, where he was
left under the guard of monsieur de Torcy
and others. All his effects and plate were
next seized on for the king, after an
inventory had been made of them, — and
commissioners were appointed to examine
him on the crimes laid to his charge. These
were sir Tanneguy du Chatel, governor
of Roussillon, sir William Cousinot, the
lord de Torcy, and master Pierre d' Oriole,
superintendant of the finances, who im
mediately began to interrogate him on
the different charges.
The king made a distribution of the
cardinal's effects according to his good
* Montbason, — a town of Touraine, on the Indre,
five leasrues from Tours.

90
pleasure. His plate was sold, and the
amount sent to the treasurers of the
army for the king's use. His tapestry
was given to the goA^ernor of Roussillon :
his library to master Pierre d'Oriole ; and
a fine entire piece of cloth of gold, tAventy
four ells and a quarter in length, Avell
worth tAvelve hundred crowns, a quantity
of sable furs, A¥ith a piece of scarlet cloth
from Florence, Avere given to monsieur de
Crussol, — and his wardrobe Avith some
of his furniture Avere sold to defray the
expenses of the commission, and of those
who had made the inventory.
About this time, the king and queen
of Sicily visited the king at Tours and
Amboise, where they were Aery honourably
received by him ; after which, the king,
accompanied by the duke of Bourbon
and other lords, Avent toward Niort, La
Rochelle, and divers parts thereabout,
where they met the duke of Guienne, —
and, through the blessing of God, and
the holy Virgin, the two brothers were
completely reconciled, to the great joy
of the Avhole realm. Te Deum was sung
for this event, in all the churches ; bonfires

91
Were made in the streets, and tables laid
out for passengers in all the great toAvns.
The king returned to the queen at
Amboise, who, like a good and noble lady,
had exerted herself much in bringing
about this happy reconciliation, — and may
the Lord, out of his grace, long preserve
it ! It was now deliberated and determined
on by the king in council, to make a
conquest of the county of Armagnac, and
to give it to the duke of Guienne. To
accomplish this, a large train' of artillery
men at arms and franc-archers, AArere
ordered to march thither; and the king
. left /Amboise for Orleans, where he re
mained .five or six days, and then returned
to Amboise. A short time after, these
measures had been - resolved on, monsieur
de Chatillon, grand master, and inspector
general of woods and forests, came to
Paris, to muster and revieAv the banners,
officers and men, that had been enrolled
within that city.
On Saturday, the 4th of NoAember
in this year, the peace that had been
concluded between the kings of France
and Spain was proclaimed in Paris,— and

92
the treaty was publicly read by master
John le Cornu, clerk to the provostship
of Paris, in the presence of the' civil aud
criminal lieutenants of the said provost
ship, and the officers of justice attached to
the court of the Chatelet. The king after
this, resided at Amboise, and other places
near, having Avith him the lord de Bour
bon and his usual courtiers, until the
24th of December, when the duke of
Guienne arrived at Montils-les-Tours, to
wait on the king, attended by a grand
company of the nobles of his duchy. The
king, queen, and the whole court, were
much rejoiced at his arrival, and set off
instantly from Amboise, to welcome and
entertain the duke at Montils-les-Tours.
During this interval, the county of Ar-
magnac was reduced to the king's obedience
without any effusion of blood, — and the
whole surrendered into the hands of the
lord admiral and the count de Dammar
tin, the commanders in chief of the ro/al
army. The court of France remained
with the duke de Guienne at the castle
of Montils-les Tours until Christmas, when
many feasts and entertainments were given
by the king.

93
The duke of Guienne, having taken
leave of the king and Court departed
for La Rochelle and St Jean d'Angeli
to hold his estates, to appoint officers for
his duchy, and to regulate the government
thereof. When the king Avas returned again
to Amboise, he seUt ambassadors to the
duke of Brittany with the collar of ,an
order* which he had lately instituted,
that he might wear it, and swear to the
obsenrance of its laws as a knight-com
panion, as other princes and barons t)f
the realm had done. But although the
king did him this honour, at first he
refused to accept or wear it, — owing, as
was said, to his having accepted the order
of the Golden Fleece, and thus becoming
the brother and ally to the duke of
Burgundy, which much offended the king,
and not without reason -j-.
Shortly after, the king issued orders
for an army of men at arms, archers
* An order. The order of St Michael.
f The duke of Brittany was an ally of the
duke of Burgundy, but was not a knight of the
Golden Fleece.

94
and artillery, to be ready to march and
make Avar on tbe duke of Brittany;
but ten days were first allowed the
duke, to declare his future intentions, a»-
to his conduct -toAvard tlie king, — and
the 1 5th of February Avas the day on
which he was to give his positive answer.
Oil' the 1 4th of that month, a sum
mons from the king, signed ' William de
Cerisay,' Avas published in Paris, by Avhich
the king informed tbe provost, that from
certain intelligence he had learnt hoAV
king Edward of England had e'stablished
a peace Avith all the lords and others
who had opposed his government, — and
that it had been unanimously resolved
in parliament to invade different parts of
the French coast, to destroy and conquer
the country as they had formerly done :
that the king, in consequence, was de
termined to oppose them by every means
in his poAver, and had ordered his ban
and rear ban to be assembled.
He commanded the provost, by these
presents, to constrain vigorously, without
admittance of excuse, all nobles and others,
vassals of the crown, privileged or not,

95
to appear in arms, and sufficiently equipped,
on the first day of March next, on pain
of corporal punishment aud confiscation
of effects. He likewise forbade the provost
and all others to receive any excuses,
under penalty of losing their offices, with
confiscation of effects, any appeals to the
contrary notwithstanding. He also de
clared all such as should fail to make
their appearance in arms on the appointed
day enemies to his croAvn, and that their
effects should be confiscated, without hopes
of pardon. News was this day brought to Paris,
that the duke of Burgundy had been
seen, at Ghent, wearing the blue garter*
on one of his legs, and the red cross
on his mantle, the badge of king Edward,
which plainly demonstrated his friendship
to the English, and that he was a capital
enemy to the king of France. The
duke, however, sent ambassadors to the
king at Tours, Avho waited there a long
time before they Avere dismissed. — At this
* The blue garter. The duke was elected
knight-companion of the Garter the 13th May, 1-163.

96
time, the viscount of Villars*, in Poitou,
departed this life: he, had, Avhile living,
left his fortune to the king of France, to
be enjoyed by him immediately on his
decease. The king, therefore, went into
Poitou, to receive possession of Vifiars
and the other property, and on this account
remained there the Avhole month of April.
In this month master Pierre Durand,
nephew to the cardinal Balue, who had been
long confined in the castle of Mailly,
escaped from prison, and Avent to Paris,
where he was discovered by an apothecary
called Chambatin. He was again arrested,
and confined in the prison of the Concierge-
rie of the palais-royal, wherein he remained
until the 26th day of April, in the en
suing year, and was then delivered into
the hands of the sergeants of the provost
of the marshals, to be carried Avhither
they had been ordered.
t Viscount of Villars. Q. ifnot Thouaisc

07
[a. d. 1470.]
CHAP. XI.
THE EARL OF WARAVICK AND THE DUKE OF
• CLARENCE, DRIVEN OUT OF ENGLAND B*
KING EDWARD, COME TO FRANCE.— QUEEN
MARGARET AND HElR SON ARRIVE f HEI.E
ALSO, TO THE DISPLEASURE OF THE DUKE
OF BURGUNDY. — THE BIRTH OF THE DAU
PHIN, CHARLES. — THE EARL OF WAR
WICK RETURNS', TO ENGLAND. — AN AL
LIANCE BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE.
AND KING HENRY OF ENGLAND. — THE
FLIGHT OF KING EDWARD. — THE ENTRY
OF THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND INTO PARIS.—
THE INHABITANTS OF AUXERRE TAKE PART
WITH THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY. — THE
KING'S VICTORIES IN THE DUCHY OF BUR
GUNDY AND THE COUNTRIES OF CHARO
LOIS AND PICARDY. — OF THE KlNG/s JOUR
NEYS, AND OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED
DURING THE; YEAR MCCCCLXX.
In the month of May in this year, the
earl of Warwick and the duke of Clarence,
VOL. xi. 1ft

98
whom king Edward had forced to banish
themselves, and their . families from Eng
land, arrived at Honnefleur and Harfleur,
with about four score vessels. They r found
there the lord admiral of France, who
^received the earl of Warwick, the duke
' of Clarence, and the count de Vuasanfort *,
and their ladies with, every respect. Their
vessels were admitted in the harbours;
apd after a short time, the ladies, with
their trains, departed, and went to Va-
lognes,, where lodgings had been provided
for them. The duke of Burgundy, hearing of
this, wrote to the court of parliament at
Paris, to Say, that he had received in
telligence of the, king having admitted
the earl. of Warwick and his company
into some of his towns vyithin the duchy
of, Normandy, contrary to the Yarticles
of the treaty of Peronner; and to entreat
that the parliament, would remonstrate
with the king on this subject, to prevent
him from favouring the said Warwick
and his party, Avhom he styled his capital
¦ . •;!'.- , . ..'¦¦:.. ,"' ' :\ti ... !¦ •-... , .' . : i .j
* Vuasanforl. John de Vere, earl of, Oxford.

99
enemy, as well as the enemy of the
realm of France,— otherwise he would
seek him wherever he could find him,'
in the kingdom of France, to do With
him as should seem to him good.
Nevertheless the earl of Warwick
remained some time at Honnefleur, name-
ly, the whole of the month of June,—
arid during this, several of the king's
garrisons made frequent sallies on the
borders of Normandy and Picardy, and
wasted the country. — In this same month
two men at arms urider the conmiand
of the constable waylaid and- murdered'
two young clerks of the treasurer" of tljie'
army, iri' the plains of Beauce, to. rob
them of the money they were cariying
to the troops. Shortly after they were
taken at Honnefleur, and carried^ before
the cbristable at Meaux/ ; who had them
hanged on two trees ^ that were by 'the
side of two different roads. ry .
The kmg all fethis vVhile resided ajf
Tours, Amboise, Vettdome, and 'at 'divers'
places in that country, whither the Eng
lish Carrie \>, hint; 'as did quteen Margaret
and her son' the prince of HVales. ' They
H 2 .-¦'•^

100
had many conferences on the causes of
their having left England, and on puph.9
affairs,— after which, the English return
ed nto Honnefleur, Valognes, St Lo, and
other towns in IVFormandy. The duke
of JJurgundy, in the mean time, had
all Jhe effects of the french merchants
in his countries seized, until his own mer
chants sjiould have restitution made thpm
for the, vessels and goods whicjti these
English had captured on their voyage ti>
Harfleur. On Saturday/the last day of June
ajxmt two or three in the morning the
queen of France wag brought to bed in
the cattle of Amboise, of a fair son, whp
was then baptised by the name of Charles
by the archbishop of ^yon, who was
his godfather w^tli the prince of Wales,
son to king Henry VI. which latter was:
then detained a prisoner by Edward,
calling himself king of England : his god
mother was tjie princess Jeanne of France,
duchess of Bourbon. This event was
celebrated by Te Deums sung in most
of the churches, by bonfires, and public
tables in all the streets of the principal
towns.

101
Not long after this, the king of Si
cily, the duke of Guienne, the duke of
Bourbon, the archbishop of Lyon, the
lord de Beaujeu, and others went to
Angers, Saumur, Pont de Ce, and other
places near, to negotiate a pacification be
tween the king and the duke of BriV
tariy, — and they remained until it was
accomplished. The king having, signed
the treaty, returned to the queen at Am
boise. Ambassadors Avere, in consequence
of this peace, sent by the duke of Brit
tany to the duke of Burgundy, to deliver
up and cancel the alliance that subsisted
betAveeri them, which greatly vexed the
duke of Burgundy, especially on hearing
the good understanding* and union that
reigned between the duke of Brittany and
the king. The duke of Burgundy hearing that
the earl of Warwick was preparing to
sail for England, instantly ordered a fleet
of ships of Avar, full of artillery, and
manned with English, Picards, Burgun-
dians, and others, to cruize in the channel
to intercept him. They sailed close to
the norman coast in hopes of falling in

102
*
with the earl, and there remained at an-
• ' . ¦ . - '. T *
chor a considerable time, — during; which
the king was gone on a pilgrimage to
Mont Saint Michael.
Having performed his devotions, he
returned to AvranChes, Tombelaine*,"
Coutances, Caen and Honnefleur; and
while on the coast, he ordered the ships
Lo^d Admiral, the Colon, and others, to
be victualled, on board of which the earl
of Warwick and the duke of Clarence^
embarked with their company, ' and a
Body of franC-archers and men at .arms
which the king had given, them as an
efecort, arid for their defence. On their
embarking, they weighed arichor, and
set sail iri sight of the Burgundians,
who had been "at anchor, so long with
out doing any thing but expend all their
provision, which forced them to weigh
also, and return to their duke Avith
hungry stomachs. This was matter of
joy to the king, for they had lost much
time in inactivity,— and the victualling
* Tombelaine,— a sinall rock, or island, between
St Malo and Avranches.

103
and manning of this fleet had been very
expensive. The Avind proving favourable to the
french fleet, it soon arrived off the eng-
lish coast,— *-and the " earl of Wanvick and
his company landed, during the; flight
at Plymouth and Dartmouth. Warwick,'
on his landing, instantly disp itched a'
a party of his men ten miles up ';the
country to seisie an enghsh baron, ; who
was quietly sleepirig iri his bed, unsus
picious of this invasion. 'They brought
him to Warwick who ordered him to be
immediately beheaded. From Dartmouth
Warwick marched to Bristol, where he
was well received* — for it; was there he
had left his artillery and baggage when
he fled to Normandy. When he had
remained there about three davs, to col
lect his friends together, he found ^him
self at the head of about sixty thousand
men in arms who promised to stand, by
him until ; death, > and with ¦ them he be-.
gan his march -to' meet* king (Edward;
but it was more than fifteen days after
his landing in England before any in-.
telligenee from him reached France,

104
In this interval, the lord d'Argueil
son to the prinCe of Orange*, who was
of the household of the duke of Bur
gundy, and one of his nearest relatives,
having noarried the sister of the. duke of
Bourbon, suddenly quitted the service of
the duke of Burgundy, and joined the
king, who received him Avith much dis
tinction. The duke, when he heard.
of his departure, was ready to burst
with grief arid vexation ; and declared, in
the presence of the ambassadors from
Brittany, that the ford d Argueil should .
have all the property he possessed , in
his territories confiscated, — and he after
wards had all his castles within his, domi
nions razed to the ground,,!
The king on the 14th, of. October,
sent letters-patent to Paris, which were
read and published in all the squares,
in the presence of the lieutenants., of
the provostship of Paris. They contained
information of the treaty of peace which
he had concluded with Henry VI.: of,
* John de Chalons, son to William prince of
Orange.

105
England, and orders for the admission of
all the English of his party into France
on their private affairs, or commercial
transactions, with or without passports,-^—
but to the exclusion of all AArho supported
the late king Edward IV. his allies and
abettors. This day, neAvs arrived in France,
that thp duke of -Clarence and the tearl
of Warwick ^prospered greatly in their
enterprises; that they had taken the field
in pursuit of Edward, — and that' the greater
part of the nobles, prelates and- gentle
men of England > had joined them, more
especially the populace of London, who
had gone* out to meet Warwick, having-
turned their backs on Edward; that king-
Henry, who had been so long- detained
in; confinement by Edward, was fully
restored to liberty- and to his crown, —
that j Warwick had been appointed regent J
of the^ kingdom, — and that great rejoicings -
ha^i taken , place in London. All the
french prisoners were sent* home free of
ransom; but* Warwick had seisjed lonthe
persons . and a effects < of those vv4io were
subjects- to> the duk& of ' Btogundy. And

100
the intelligence concluded by' saying, that
Edward, finding himself thus abandohed, •
had fled the kingdom, to seek an asylum
with.., ¦his, brother in law the duke of
Burgundy, — but that his wife and family i
had remained behind. .
The king of France, having made
a long stay at Tours and Amboise, moved
by devotion, went on .a pilgrimage to
the church of our Lady at Celles, in
Poitou,— whence after a few days, he re
turned to Amboise.
In the month of November, the
king sent letters to Paris, to order all
the nobles, clergy, and inhabitants of that
city, to make processions in praise of
God and the virgin Mary, and to con
tinue them, laying aside all other em
ployments whatever, for three days, to
return thanks for the great victory which
Henry of Lancaster,? king of England, had
gained over the earl of March, who had, for
a long time usurped his throne, by the sup
port of the duke of Burgundy, and, also, for
the happy peace arid good understanding
that now subsisted between him and the
king of England., These processions.

107
thus ordered, were executed in all the
principal towns of France.
Shortly after, he dispatched other
letters lo Paris, to say, that he should
send thither the queen of England, con
sort to king Henry, with her son the
prince of Wales, his princess, daughter
to the earl of Warwick, and her mother the
countess of Warwick, the lady Wiltshire,
and other ladies and damsels that were
Avith the queeri of England.
Queen Margaret came thither as
the king had given notice, attended, ac
cording to his orders, by the counts d'Eu,
de Vendome, and de Dunois, the lord de
Chatillon and other noblemen. When she
approached Paris, the bishop, the cou/t
of parliament, the university, the provosts .
of Paris, and the court of Chatelet, by
express, orders from the king, together
with the principal inhabitants, came out
to meet her, handsomely dressed, and in
very numerous bodies. •
She made her entry by the gate of
St James,-r-and all the streets through
which she passed from that gate to the
palace,< where apartments had been hand?

10$
somely prepared for her,. Avere adorned
Avith hangings of tapestry, and had tents
pitched in all the squares. At this time
the royal artillery was removed from Tours
to the Louvre, Avherein it was deposited,— -
and the king wrote to the provost and
sheriff!., that it was his pleasure to hold
the feast of his order in their city:
having the intention to bring a large
company of nobles and knights-companions
with him, he willed 'that lodgings should
be provided for them by the inhabitants,
according to the choice of his harbingers
which was complied with.
In* the month of December of this
year, sir; Arthur de Longueval entered
the town of St Quentin, in the name of
the king, with the consent of the inha
bitants* Afterward, on the 10th day of
that month, the constable carrife' thither^
with two hundred ^ lances and archers;
and > on; the 1 4th, master John Ladriesche,
treasurer of France, master Robert Fessier,
master Pierre de Boieuval, arid other of
ficers* attached to the constable, made a
proclamation by sound of trumpet, at the
table -of'' marble* in the palace at Paris,

109
to make known the capture of the town
of St Quentin, in the Vermandois, by
the lorji; constable, and ordering the pub
lic to return thanks to God, praying him
to grant prosperity to the king and to
the constable, in the recovery of the.
other pledged towns, which he intended
to wrest from the hands of (Charles, sty-^
ling himself duke of Burgundy: suck
Avere the words of the proclamation. ,
The king left Amboise, in the month
of January, for Clery and Orleans, and
thence Avent into Beauce. He lay the first
night at Puiset*, and on the jnprrow.at
Palaiseau, near Montiehery. The next
day, he dined at Seaux, at the house of
master John Baillet,, master in ordinary
of requests of the king's household, and
that evening came to his hq^el pf the
Tournelles at Paris. He was accompa
nied by the queen* madam de Bourbon,
an4 other ladies and damsels, their atten-
tendants, and remained in Paris until
the 2;6thiof January, when he set put
fm Senlis, Compiegne, and other places
» Puiget,— a village near Orleans;*

110
thereabout, where his army Avas quarter
ed, in readiness to march against the
duke of Burgundy. His artillery was
sent after him, by land and water, to
Compiegne, Noyon; and other parts of
Picardy and Flanders. Proclamation Avas
also made in Paris, that all franc-archers
and nobles, in the Isle of France, should
make themselves ready, and, properly
equipped, to follow the king to the army.
Iri the mean time, great quantities of
powder and cannons were made and con
structed at Paris. •
Before the king joined his army,' he
sent sir Christopher Paillard, member of
the chamber of accounts, and sir James
Hesselin, comptroller- of the salt maga-
gazines at Paris, to the toAvn of Auxerre,
to summon the inhabitants to surrender
the place to the king, and admit a garrison
from him. These commissioners' 'made
them an eloquent harangue; but they
required time for consulting among them
selves, and until the Thursday following'- to
give their answer. To wait their answer, the
commissioners went to the town of Joigny,
six leagues distant, where they >sfaid un-

111
til the Thursday, when the toAvnsmen sent
them their answer by an inhabitant of
Auxerre,. said to be a cooler, who told them,
that the inhabitants of Auxerre had garrison
ed their town with a steady -garrison for the
duke of Burgundy, as they Were resolved to
live, arid die in his service, and to defend
their town for him. The day the duke's
garrison was admitted, one of the townsmen,
called Guillemin Goutier was killed, —
which was a pity, for he suffered from
supporting the cause ofthe king.
On the king's departure from Paris
for Senlis, the towns of Amieris, Roye' and
Mondidier, ?, surrendered tortus obedience1.
The 4th of February,' general processions
were made at . Paris, at < which the ' queen]
madame de Bourbon, and the court as
sisted, to the cathedral ch'Urch of Notre
Dame, and -thence to our Lady of Re
covery at the Carmelities. At both places
prayers were offered up for the prosperity
pf the, king ana queen. '¦<&*¦. ''--•¦'
It was now published, that the three
before-riientioned towns had a submitted
to the king's obedience, to which Ab
beville vvas added,^— but ' this was ground^
less. Masons, carpenters, and various

112
other workmen, Avere now collected at
Paris,, and; sent to the toAvns uthat had
surrendered, , under o the, care of master
Henry de la Cloche, king's attorney at
tlie Chatelet, a good and loyal French
man, who conducted them to Roye, where
they erected strong outworks and bul
warks, as well as at the other towns*
These Avorkmen remained in those ¦ parts
a considerable time, even, unto Easter,
when the king agreed, to a l; truce with
the duke of Burgundy. The duke ^ had
been besieged in his encampment be
tween Bapau mes and Amiens; and was
in such misery and distress for pro
vision that, had it not been for the truce,
the king might have had his whole army
at his pleasure.
Since the commencement of this
war, the king had been very successful
in his different engagements with the
Picards and Flemings, as well against
the foraging party from the enemy's camp
as against others of the burgundian party.
Great damages had been done in the
duchy of Burgundy, the county of Cha
rolois, and in the Maconnois, where the

113
royal partisans gained much plunder, made
many good prisoners, and slew numbers.
The lords count-dauphin of Auvergne,
of Comminges, of Combrodes, of Charente,
sir William Cousinot. and several others
of the nobility, would have conquered
the whole country had not the king sent
to stop them on account of the truce,
which was very displeasing to them as
well as to many more who had a regard
for the king's honour. On this occasion
several libels were written and placed in
the churchyard of the holy Innocents at
Paris and on the town-house, greatly-
blaming and abusing many of the lords
about the king's person.
During the truce, the king, the duke
of Guienne, and others of the nobility
fixed their quarters at Ham with the
constable, whence there were great goings
and comings between the ambassadors of
the king and those from the duke of Bur
gundy. Nothing, for a long time, was
concluded on ; but at length, a truce for
one year was signed, — during which, com
missioners were to be appointed on each
side,- to examine into the matters in dis-
VOL. XI. I

114

pute between the king and the duke,
and between their partisans. The king
riow left Ham, and every person retired
to his hoirie, but the royal army was
quartered in the toAvns he had won prior
to the truce.

[a. d. 1471.]
CHAP. XII.
THE KING OF FRANCE RECEIVES INTELLI
GENCE OF THE VICTORY OF KING ED
WARD AND THE DEFEAT OF KING HENRY*S
ARMY.— THE KING AND THE DUKE OF
GUIENNE COME TO PARIS, AND THENCE
GO TO ORLEANS, WHERE THE PRINCE
OF PIEDMONT DIES. — OF THE DEATH OF
THE COUNT D'EU. — THE DUKE OF GUI
ENNE AND THE COUNT D'ARMAGNAC
FORM AN ALLIANCE. — OTHER EVENTS
THAT HAPPENED IN THE COURSE OF
THIS YEAR.
At this time, there were great dissen
sions in England between Henry of Lan-

115
caster, king of that country, his son the
prince of Wales, the earl of Warwick,
and other nobles of that party, against
Edward earl of March, who had usurped
the throne. A civil war ensued, which
was very bloody and murderous on, both
sides. This warfare lasted until the month
of June in this year, when news Avas
brought to the king of France, at Ham,
that Edward had landed in England, Avith a
large army of English, Easterlings, Flem
ings, Picards, and of other nations, Avhich
the duke of Burgundy had sent to his
aid, and was on his march to meet the
poAvers of Henry, Warwick, and the other
lords of the lancastrian party : that several
engagements had taken place, in which
many were killed' on each side, — but that
victory had remained with Edward, as
as well from treachery on the part of
some of Henry's army as from other
causes ; that the prince of Wales was
slain, which was a pity, for he was a
very promising and handsome prince ; that
Warwick was dead, — which was a great
loss, as he was singularly disposed to
serve the king and his realm, and the
I 2

116
king had been at a very considerable
expense in supporting him while in France,
and in conveying him back to England.
This intelligence was, therefore, most dis
agreeable to the king.
Having received this bad news, the
king departed from Ham, taking with
him the duke of Guienne, the count de
Dammartin, the president of his chamber
of accounts, and se\Teral others, to Paris, —
where, hoAvever, he made no long stay.
While he Avas there, many feasts were
given, — and the king himself kindled the
bonfire in the place of the Greve, on
St John Baptist's day. On leaving Paris,
he Avent to Orleans, where the prince of
Piedmont fell so dangerously ill that he died.
The king, after this, went to visit the queen
and the dauphin at Amboise, and thence to
Tours. The king was much displeased at the
defamatory epigrams and libels that had
been published against the constable and
others ; and for the better discovery of their
authors, he had it proclaimed throughout
Paris, by sound oftrumpet, that all persons
who had any knowledge of them, should in-

117
-stantly appear and give information thereof
to commissioners named for this purpose,
who would pay three hundred golden crowns
to each informer ; and that such as should
have any knowledge of the authors, and fail
to inform against them, would have their
heads cut off. A young scholar of Paris,
called Pierre le Mercier, son to a spectacle
maker in the palace, was confined on sus
picion of having written them, but soon
after set at liberty, nothing being proved
against him. Master Henry Mariette, who
had been lieutenant-criminal in the provost's
court, Avas also confined, as well for these
libels as for certain words he had used (as
was said) against master John Ladriesche,
treasurer of France, but Avas afterward de*
livered from the prison of the Conciergerie
by the court of parliament.
In the month of July died the count
d'Eu. It was a pity : for he was a noble,
wise, and good lord, Avho had ever served
the king most loyally, to the utmost of his
power. The county of Eu reverted to the
the crown, — and the king gave it to the con
stable, to the great disappoinment of the
count de Nevers, the count d'Eu's brother,

118
who expected to have this county after
his brother's decease, with his other lands,
as being his legal heir.
From the month of July to Christmas,
nothing particular happened in France, ex
cept that there Avas frequent intercourse be
tween the ambassadors ofthe king and those
ofthe duke of Burgundy, to establish a per-
rhanent peace. This year, the mortality
was very great throughout the kingdom
from a severe flux, Avhich carried off num
bers of persons of distinction in Paris - and
elsewhere. The duke of Guienne returned in the
course of this year, after he had come back
from Picardy to his duchy, discontented with
the court. He sent for the count d'Armag-
nac, who Avas an exile, and whose estates
the king had given to his brother ; and on
the count d'Armagnac's coming to him, he
restored the greater part of them to him,
contrary to the will or inclination of the
king. The count d'Armagnac, being joined
by the count de Foix, made preparations
to carry . on a war against France. The
king, to prevent any damage being done to
his realm, dispatched a large body of franc

119
archers, artillery, and five hundred lances'
to the borders of Guienne, Avhere they were
posted some time.
In the mean time, news arrived that
the duke of Guienne was dead at Bor
deaux, — but it Avas unfounded. Divers ne
gotiations now took place respecting the
truce which expired on the 4th of May;
and on the 1st of that month the lord de
Craon, master Pierre d' Oriole, and others,
were employed on that business.

CHAP. XIII.
POPE PAUL II. SHORTENS THE INTERVALS
OF THE JUBILEES. — HE DIES. — POPE SIX
TUS IV. ELECTED IN HIS STEAD : HE WAS
GENERAL OF THE ORDER OF FRANCISCAN
MONKS. — A YOUNG GIRL PRETENDS TO
HAVE THE WOUNDS OF OUR LORD ON
HER HANDS, FEET, AND SIDE.
Pope Paul II. a Venetian, and of a very
avaricious character, made a change, this
year, in the intervals of the jubilees, which
had been before celebrated every fifty

120
years : he now appointed them to be held
every twenty-five years. His reasons were,
that as iniquities were become more abun
dant than ever, it was necessary that there
should be more frequent opportunities offered
to the people to pray for and obtain from
our Lord the remission and pardon of their
sins. Many expressions were said to have-
been used by this pope Avhich ought not
to be repeated, — for God is the sovereign
Judge, and the only scrutinizer of hearts.^
He had begun to build a magnificent palace
near the church of St Mark, at Rome, but
died, the 21st of July, Avhile he vvas busied
about it, having reigned with papal dignity
seven years.
Almost immediately on his decease, he
was succeeded by pope Sixtus IV. * The
new pope was, prior to his elevation, called
Francis of Savona, in the genoese territory.
He was a doctor of divinity, of a good
reputation, and decent manners. It was
for these excellent qualities, that, while
general of the Franciscans, he was created
* Pope Sixtus IV. — Francis Albescola de Rovere
was the son of a fisherman of Celles, five leagues
from Savona.

121
«
a cardinal by Paul II. without his solicita
tion or knowledge.
Shortly after he arrived at his riew
dignity, Bernardo Justiniani, ambassador
from Venice, harangued him on the rapid
advances of the Turk, Avho had despoiled
Christendom of two empires, four king
doms, twenty provinces, and two hundred
cities, Avith the loss of immense numbers
of men, women and children, — and Bernar
do exhorted the pope to make every ex
ertion to oppose the enemy pf the faith.
Pope Sixtus Avas very assiduous in
the reparations of the city of Rome, and
restored a bridge over the Tiber, anciently
called Pons Judeeus, but since called the
Sixtine Bridge. He re-established the hos
pital of the Holy Ghost, where great alriis
are daily distributed to sick persons and poor
orphans. He was zealous for the salvation
of souls, and not sparing of his pardons and
indulgences to devout Christians in various
parts of the wprld, and did many acts
worthy of rememembrance.
During the reign of this pope, a young
virgin, called Stine, in the town of Hame*,
Hame. Probably Hamela, in Westphalia, 28

122
in Westphalia, who had lately been con
verted to the Christian faith, was marked
on the hands, feet, and side, with the
wounds of our Saviour. About fifteen
weeks after her conversion, on the feast
of the holy sacrament, (Corpus- Christi-
day) she displayed these vvounds in the pre
sence of twelve witnesses, and foretold,
that within two hours afterward they would
be no more seen, Avhich was verified. — for
miles south-west from Hanover. Hamela seems to
have been the scene of more miracles than one.
In 1284, this town was so much infested with rats
that every method was tried in vain to extirpate
them. One day, a man of prodigious size came
thither, dressed in a curiously-coloured robe, and
offered, on certain terms, to extirpate them ; which
being agreed to, he drew out of his sleeve a small
flute, and, as he was playing on it, the rats left their
holes and followed him to the river Weser, and
were all drowned. When he came to receive his
recom pence, the townsmen laughed at him. On
the morrow, while the inhabitants were at church, it
being a feast-day, he again played on his flute, and
was followed by all the children under fourteen
years to the number of one hundred and thirty, to
the mountain of Kopferberg, where they all dis
appeared with him, as was seen by a young girl
who had followed and watched them. Martiniere's
Geographical Dictionary.

123
at that precise time the wounds were all
perfectly healed.

[a. d. U72.]
CHAP. XIV.
THE KING OF FRANCE OBTAINS INDULGENCES
FOR THOSE WHO SHALL SAY AVE MARIA
THREE TIMES.  THE DEATH /OF THE BI
SHOP OF PARIS.  OF THE DUKE OF CALA
BRIA.  THE ROOF OI NOTRE DAME OF
CLERY BURNT. — TH3 DEATH OF THE
DUKE OF GUIENNE.— A TRUCE WITH THE
DUKE OF BURGUNDY.-^OF THE SIEGE
AND ATTACK OF BEAFVAIS.— THE TOWNS*
MEN OF AUXERRE DEFEATED. — DIFFER
ENT EDICTS PUBLISH2D AT PARIS. — ACCU
SATIONS MADE AGA:NST THE CONSTABLE.
— PARIS AND ORLEANS SEND SUPPLIES TO
BEAUVAIS.
On the first of May, in this year, a ge
neral procession was made to the church'
pf Notre Dame in Paris, where a solemn
sermon was preached by a doctor in divi-

124
nity, called master Peter Brete, a native
of Tours, who declared, among other things,
the king's singular confidence in the blessed
Virgin ; and he entreated his audience, and
the inhabitants of Paris, in his majesty's
name, that henceforward, when they should
hear the great bell of the church toll at
midday, they would fall on their knees, and
repeat three Ave Mirias for the welfare of
the kingdom of Fraice.
Not long after this procession, master
John Chartier, bishop of Paris, was taken
suddenly ill and died the same day. His loss
was much regretted, for he was a devout and
good man, and very learned. The episco
pal palace was crowded with the popu
lace of Paris, to see lis body, which lay in
state in the great hall where they piteously
lamented him, and prayed for the salvation
of his soul ; on going away, the greater part
kissed his hands and feet, firmly believing
him to be a saint and well beloved by God.
On the 15th of May, the king sent letters
to the provost and sheriffs, to declare,
that the bishop, during his lifetime, had
been his enemy, and kept up an intelli
gence with the duke of Burgundy and the

125
confederate princes when before Paris, arid
had practised with the inhabitants to favour
them. For these causes, he willed, that
an epitaph be placed on his tomb, declara
tory of his conduct toAvard his king, which
the aforementioned officers ordered to be
written for the purpose of being thereon
affixed. The truce between France and Bur
gundy, which would have expired on the
4th of May, was prolonged until the 1 5th
of- the ensuing month of June. In the
month of May* the duke of Calabria, ne
phew to the king of Jerusalem and Sicily,
whom the king ha$ honoured by promising
him his eldest daughter in marriage, went
from his duchy of Lorraine to the duke of
Burgundy, to treat of a marriage with the
duke's daughter, thus leaving the daughter
of the king, — which astonished every one,
that he should thus falsify his faith by neg
lecting a princess of France, to seek to
unite himself with a daughter of Burgun
dy, a subject and vassal to the king of
France. Prior to this, the duke of Bur
gundy had made a severe Avar on France,
in favour of the duke of Guienne, and un-

126
der pretence of giving him his daughter in
marriage, — which he never accomplished,
but acted quite contrary, and abused ma
ny others, under shadow of giving them his
daughter. On the 14th of May, an unfortunate
accident happened to the church of, Notre
Dame of Clery, near Orleans, which the
king had lately rebuilt, and covered with
a handsome roof of carpentry, slates, and
lead. A plumber at work on the roof had
inadvertently come down leaving a fire,
which had served to heat his soldering
irons, unextinguished, Avhich being blown
by the wind, set the wood on fire, and
the whole Avas burnt to the ground.
The king received, this day, certain
intelligence by the lord de Malicorne, a
confidential servant to the duke of Guienne,
that his brother Avas dead, at Bordeaux.
The lord de Craon, master Pierre d' Oriole,
master Olivier le Rom, Avith other ambas
sadors to the duke of Burgundy, now re
turned, to inform the king Avhat they had
done, and of the truce they had prolonged
to the 15th of June. During the truce,
the duke, nevertheless, took the field with

127
his army, and posted his park of artil
lery between Arras and Bapaumes, at a
place called Hubuterne, in Artois.
The king, in consequence of the death
of his brother being confirmed, departed
from Plessis, near Tours, and proceeded
toward Guienne, and appointed neAV of
ficers in La Rochelle, St Jean d'Angeli,
Bordeaux, and other places. He made
the l°rd de Beaujeu, brother to the duke of
Bourbon, governor of the duchy of Gui
enne. The duke of Burgundy, still perse
vering in his wickedness, , and mad at
tempts against France, sent his army be
fore the town of Nesle*, in which was
captain for the king one called the Petit
Picard, having under him five hundred
franc-archers from the Isle of France.
They endeavoured to gain it by storm,
and make several furious attacks, but were
gallantly opposed by Picard and his com
panions. The next day, about five in the
morning, Picard, in company with the
countess of Nesle, issued out ofthe town
to meet the bastard of Burgundy, who com-
* Nesle, — three leagues from Roye.

128
manded the army, and endeavoured to con
clude a treaty.
But the bastard would only consent to
the following terms of capitulation, — -name
ly, that Picard and his men should be al
lowed to march away in safety, on surren
dering the place, but leaving behind their
arms and baggage. On Picard's return to
Nesle, he told the franc-archers of the terms
he had obtained; but though their lives
were spared, they were to leave their horses,
arms and baggage ; when soriie of them im
mediately pulled off their armour, even be
fore the terms were signed, — and, in this in
terval, the townsmen admitted the Burgun-
dians, who notwithstanding the capitulation,
charged these disarmed archers, and mur
dered all they could. A party fled for safe
ty to the church of Nesle, but were fol
lowed by the Efurgundians, and barbarous
ly put to death. When this slaughter had
been completed, the duke of Burgundy ar
rived, on horseback, and entered the church,
which was half a foot deep of blood, from
the poor creatures who there lay naked and
dead. On looking around, he said, it AA^as
a fine sight ! and he was glad to have with
him such excellent butchersll

129
The ensuing day, Saturday the I3th>
the petit Pieard and others that had been
made prisoners, were ordered by the, duke
to be hanged, — and the town was razed and
set on fire. On the morrow, the burguri-
dian army marched from before Nesle to
Roye, wherein were fourteen hundred of
the company, and under the command
of Pierre Aubert, bailiff of Melun and Nug-
non. There were also other captains, such
as Loiset de Belagny governor of Beauvais,
the lord de Mouy, the lord de RubemprS,
having full two hundred lances, well ap
pointed. But notwithstanding the fortifi
cations had lately been repaired and
strengthened by the king, and the town Avell
victualled, with plenty of artillery on the
walls, they surrendered on the 16th, with
the loss of all their horses, armour, bag
gage and artillery, to the detriment of the
king of more than one hundred thousand
golden crowns. They were obliged to
march out naked all but their purpoints,
with wands m their hands, — and the duke
remained there a long time.
The duke marched from Roye, to lay
siege to Beauvais, and arrived before it ori
VOL. XI, K

130
the 27th of June, when he instantly began
to attack it. In the course of that night,
Guillaume de la Vallee, lieutenant to the
seneschal of Normandy, entered the town
with two hundred lances, which greatly
succoured the garrison and inhabitants, for
lie arrived very opportunely as the. Bur-
gundians were recommencing their attack,
— when, mounting the walls, they made
them to retreat. On the morrow, there ar
rived, the lord de Crussol, Joachim Rohault,
the company of the lord de Bueil, Guevin
le Groing, the lord de Torcy, and other no
bles from Normandy, to the amount. of more
than three hundred lances. They made
a \Tigorous defence, and Avere strongly sup
ported by the city of Paris, who sent thi
ther a body of pioneers, Avith pickaxes,
shovels, flour, wine, gunpowder, and plenty
of all sorts of stores, Avhich were of great
relief to those in the town. Several sal
lies and skirmishes took place before the
town, in which many Burgundians were
killed and wounded.
At this time, a number of the inhabi
tants of Auxerre sallied out of their town
on a foraging party, to collect cattle and

131
whatever else they should find in the coun
tries attached to the king, for the victual
ling of Auxerre, and advanced as far as
Joigny, and Seignelay*. The bastard of
Seignelay, the lord de Plancy, and others,
to the number of three hundred, took the
field to fight them, — and they no sooner
came in sight than these gentlemen charged
them so vigorously that eight score were
killed, and four score made prisoners ; the
rest escaped by flight, or were drowned.
As the Burgundians had approached
so near to Paris as Beauvais \, sir Denis
Hesselin, pantler to the king and pro
vost of the merchants, made great pre
parations against them, — such as repairing
the walls and the battlements, cutting
deep and wide trenches, having the chains
to barricade the streets in good order,
walling up some of the gates, strengthening
others, and causing abundance of cannon
to be prepared.
On the 2d of July, the lord de Ru-
bempr6, arrived at Paris from Beauvais*
* Seignelay, — a town in Burgundy, three leagues
from Joigny.
t Beauvais — is 16 leagues from Paris.
K 2

132
with letters from the captains in that
toAvn to the lord de Gaucourt, lieutenant
for the king in Paris, and to the provosts
and sheriffs, to inform them, that there
was; such scarcity in the burgundian camp
that a loaf of bread, worth two farthings in
BeauA^ais, was ofthe valueof three solsparisis
to the enemy ;. and that the duke of
Burgundy Avas in such despair that he
had determined to gain the town or lose
the greater part of his army. They there
fore desired that there might be sent
them, Avithout delay, small artillery, cross
bows, and provision, — all of Avhich was
done, under the conduct of the bastard de
_ Rochechouart, lord of Meru, who carried
thither sixty cross-bowmen, cross-bowrs, ar
tillery and proAasions, from Paris.
About seven in the morning of the
9th of Jul}-, after the duke of Burgundy
had kept up a brisk fire, from his artillery,
against the walls of Beauvais, at the- gate
of the general hospital, a large detach
ment entered the ditches with faggots,
and other materials, to fill them, and
erected their ladders against the wall
near the hospital-gate, Avhich they -vigor

133,
rously attacked. The guard of this gate
was intrusted to the care of sir .Robert
d'Estouteville lord of Beine, and provost
of Paris, Avho with his company behaved
themselves most gallantly. This attack
lasted from seven in the morning until
near eleven in the forenoon ; and the Bur-
gundians Avere so roughly treated that,
including those thrown doAvn from the
walls, killed and wounded, their loss
amounted from fifteen to sixteen hundred
men: it Avould have been much more
considerable, if the besieged could have
made a sally ; but all the gates on
the side of the enemy's camp Avere walled
up. This was a great vexation to those
nobles, and valiant captains, in the town, —
such as the count de Dammartin, Joachim
Rohault, marshal of France, Salazart, Guil-
laume de la Vallee, Mery de Coue, Guerin
le Groing, the lord de Beine, the brothers
de Torcy, and several more, Avho had
under their command from fourteen to
fifteen thonsand combatants.
During this attack, through the mercy
of God, only three, or four of the royalists-

134
were slain, and it Avas said that this Avas
owing to their own rashness. And although
the burgundian artillery kept up a con
tinued fire until the 9th of July, not
more than four persons Avere killed by it.
Onthe day succeeding this attack, sir
Denis Hesselin sent from Paris to Beau
vais, by daybreak, a fresh supply of arrows,
cross-bows, gunpowder, and surgeons to at
tend the wounded.
Saturday the 21%t day of July, a mes
senger of the king's household was con
fined in the prison of the Chatelet for
having published in several parts of Paris,
that the constable had drawn out of Beau
vais the principal captains, under pre
tence of holding a council to consider on
the means of defending that town, during
Avhich the burgundian army had been
well victualled, Avhich would not have
happened if these captains had been left
in Beauvais. This charge was highly
offensive to the constable; and on his
complaining thereof, the messenger was,
by the king's orders, delivered into the
hands of master Miles, usher ofthe house
hold to the constable, and conducted to him,
to make good his accusations against him.

135
The besieged in Beauvais made a
deep trench, on the day after the late
attack, to enable them to sally out undis
covered, — by Avhich means, Salazart and
others of his company, one morning at
daybreak, entered the enemy's camp, and
killed all they met. They burnt three
tents, and all within them. In one were
slain two persons of rank, although they
offered a large sum for their ransoms.
The alarm being now spread, and the
shouting- of 'Salazart for ever!' having
roused the. Burgundians, it was necessary
for him to retreat toward Beauvais; but
in doing so, he carried off some handsome
artillery, particularly some mortars that
had done much mischief to the town, —
and as they were heavy, they threw them
into the ditch. They brought into the
town two fine serpentines and a large brass
cannon, called One of the Twelve Peers,
which the king had lost at the battle of
Montlehery. Salazart Avas very closely pursued, and
much beaten and wounded ; and though
his horse had suffered greatly from the
pikes of the Flemings it carried him
into Beauvais, when it dropped down

136
dead. From this sally to the 21st, nothing
material occurred, — when the inhabitants
of Orleans sent, by way of Paris, to Beau
vais one hundred tuns of wine from their
vineyards, as a present to the lords and
the garrison, to invigorate them against
the Burgundians. They sent thither, at
the same time, large supplies of arrows,,
crossrbows, and gunpowder, under the
escort of some of the burghers of Orleans,

137
CHAP, XV.
THE PARISIANS ARE MUSTERED. — THE DUKE
OF BURGUNDY MARCHES IN DISGRACE
FROM BEFORE BEAUVAIS.— OF THE KING'S
ARMY IN BRITTANY. — THE SHAMEFUL
CONDUCT OF THE BURGUNDIANS IN NOR
MANDY, THE FRENCH RECONQUER EU
FROM THE COUNT DE ROUSSI. — THE QUEEN
OF FRANCE DELIVERED OF A SON, NAMED
DUKE OF BERRY.  THE LORD OF BEAU
JEU BETRAYED TO THE COUNT D'ARMAG-
NAC.  LECTOURE REGAINED, AND THE
COUNT D'ARMAGNAC KILLED.  THE
KING OF ARROGAN FLIES FROM PERPIG-
NAN. — THE DUKE OF ALENCON MADE PRI
SONER. — THE KING GOES TO BORDEAUX.—
THE SON OF THE COUNT D'ALBRET BE
HEADED AT POITIERS.
At this time, the Parisians were mustered
and reAiewed by the lord de Gaucourt,
lieutenant for the king in Paris, master
John de Ladriesche, and sir Denis Hes-
selin, king's pantler. It was a fine shoAV
to see them all under arms, and so hand-

138
somely equipped; but it would have been
finer, if all the banriers and cross-bows
that had been detached to Beauvais had
been present.
Further detachments were demanded
by the captains in Beauvais, to the number
of three thousand men, fully equipped;
but they were refused on account of the
numbers already sent thither, and because
it Avould not only put the inhabitants to
great expense but much weaken the defence
of Paris. Sir Denis Hesselin remonstrated
so ably Avith the captains in Beauvais on this
subject that they were satisfied with the
support already given, but requested that
one hundred cross-bowmen and gunners
might be sent to them Avhich was done.
About three o'clock in the morning
of Magdalen -day, the duke of Burgundy
commenced a disgraceful retreat from be
fore Beauvais, having done nothing, during
the twenty-six days he was encamped there,
but fire his artillery day and night against
the toAvn without materially damaging it,
or hurting the inhabitants. He rnade
two violent attacks, in which he lost
numbers of his most valiant warriors,

139
besides a great quantity of artillery won
by the king's garrison in Amiens.
On the departure of the Burgundians
they destroyed all the villages on their
line of march, until they came before
St Valery, which was instantly surrendered'
to them, because there was not a force
within it sufficient for resistance. They
then marched to Eu, which was also sur
rendered for the same cause.
The constable of France, the grand
master of the household, and the other
captains in Beauvais, marched thence,
with eight hundred lances, on the 29th
of July, for Arques, Monstiervillier, and
the country of CauXj, on the supposition
that the Burgundians would advance thither,
which in fact they did, and with a view
of being beforehand Avith them. The Bur
gundians encamped at the village of Fer-
rieres, between Eu and Dieppe, and re
mained there some time, but without
conquering any place except the new
castle of Nicourt*, which they entered,
as there were none to oppose them. They
held it for three days> — and on their
* Nicourt. Q.. Nicorps a village near Coutances.

140
departure set fire to the castle and town
which was a pity, for it was a large and
handsome place. They afterwards burnt
Longueville, Fahy, and many other places
in the bailiAvick of Caen, Avhich all his
Avealth Avould be' insufficient to restore.
These Avere all the noble duke's acts of
valour until the first day of December.
During this interval, the king had re
mained inactive in Brittany, Avith about fifty
thousand combatants, because he had been
amsued with different embassies from that
duke, and entertained hopes of a pacification
Avithout bloodshed or loss of men; for he
Avas much more anxious for the preservation
of his subjects' lives than the duke of Bur
gundy, who was cruel and obstinate, as he
had shown and was daily demonstrating.
The duke, having done great damages
by fire to the toAvns and villages of that
country of Caux, now advanced tOAvard
Arques and Dieppe ; but his army Avas there
so beaten that he quitted that part of the
country and marched for Rouen, where
he was more roughly treated than before;
insomuch that, from the frequent and cou
rageous sallies made from that toAvn, he was

141
forced to retreat in disgrace for Abbeville
spreading abroad a report that he intended
to attack Noyon, and take it by storm. The
lord de Crussol hastened thither for its de
fence, and Avas joined by others of the king's
captains to repulse his cursed fury ; but one
misfortune he was the cause of, — for these
captains, to secure the toAvn and prevent the
Burgundians from posting themselves in
the suburbs, caused them to be burnt and
destroyed — which Avas a needless loss, as
the enemy never appeared there.
About this time, sir Robert de Es-
touteville, provost of Paris, left Beauvais
with the nobles of his provostship and a
certain number of franc-archers, and posted
himself in the suburbs of Eu, on the side
of Abbeville. The same day, the marshal
de Rohault took possession of the other
suburbs leading toward Dieppe, — and they
immediately summoned the Burgundians
to surrender. They were so much fright
ened at the appearance of the royalists
that they instantly accepted of terms, —
namely, that all the knights should march
away mounted on a common hackney,

142
and that the other Burgundians should
depart with nothing but wands in their
hands > leaving behind all their arms, hordes,
and baggage, and pay, as a ransom, the
sum of ten thousand croAvns.
Sir Robert and the marshal lost no
time in marching to St Valery, AArhich
surrendered on similar terms, and paying
six thousand crowns. They thence pro
ceeded to Rambures*, a handsome and
strong castle, in Avhich were some Bur
gundians, but Avho came out of the castle
and surrendered it to the French, on
condition of being allowed to march away
in safety with their arms and baggage.
While these things were passing, the
partisans of Burgundy, such as the count
de Roussi -f, son to the constable, and others,
took the field in Burgundy, and overran
the country of Tonnerre, without meeting
any resistance. They destroyed that coun
try and' attempted to gain Joigny, — but
by timely reinforcements sent thither by
the king, were prevented. They then ad-
* Rambures, — a town in Picardy, near Abbeville
t Roussi, — Anthony of Luxembourg count of
Roucy, son to the constable of St Pol.

143
vanced to Troyes, — but their only acts
of valour consisted in setting fire to all
the villages and barns on their march.
These acts were retaliated, on the part
of the king, by the count dauphin of
Auvergne, and other nobles in his com
pany, who burnt and destroyed several
small towns and villages in Burgundy.
They did irreparable damages, in revenge
for what the Burgundians had done to
the, subjects of the king, their supreme
and true sovereign, to whom they had
behaved as rebels.
In the month of September, the king,
who had been some time , in Brittany,
concluded a truce v/ith the duke, in which
were included all his allies; and in the
number, he declared the duke of Bur
gundy to be one, who accepted of this
truce, — but he had comprehended his allies
also, whom he declared to be the emperor
of Germany, the kings of England, Scot
land, Portugal, Spain, Arragon, Sicily, and
other kings, to the number of seven,
with several dukes and great lords.
At this time, the queen of France
was delivered of a son, called Francis
Duke of Berry, but he did not live long.

144
• ToAvard the end of October, it hap
pened, as the lord de Beaujeu, brother to
the duke of Bourbon, was travelling, . by
the king's orders, through the county "of
Armagnac, as governor of Guienne, well
attended by nobles and gentlemen, that
while he was residing in the city of
Lectoure *, he was betrayed into the hands
of the count de Armagnac, — by which
means, the said count regained his city
of Lectoure. Having thus Avon it, he
set at liberty many of the lords Avho
had accompanied the lord of Beaujeu;
but they were soon after arrested by the
king, on suspicion of having betrayed their
governor, and some were imprisoned in
the castle of Loches. The king Avas much
grieved at the capture of the lord de
Beaujeu, and, to obtain his liberty, he
sent a considerable army, with artillery
against that city, while he himself went
to Poitiers, La Rochelle, and thereabout,
until St Andrew's day, when he returned
to Angers.
* Lectoure, — a city in Arpagnac, the capital of
Lomagnc.

145.
Among those who had been imprison
ed at Loches, on suspicion of treason
against the lord de Beaujeu, was a gen
tleman, his servant, called Jean Deymer,
who was condemned and quartered for it
in the town of Tours, having confessed
his treachery against the king and his
master. At his execution, he spoke most
honourably of the lord de Beaujeu, de
claring his loyalty and ignorance of the
treason plotted against him, and laid the
whole blaipe on the younger son of the
d' Albret family, ford of St Basile, in whom
the lord de Beaujeu had great confidence,
he having been brought up in the family
of Bourbon, and having received many
favours from that house.
The king made a long stay in Poitou,
and on the borders of Brittany, un*»ii
the day fixed for the meeting between
him and the duke of Brittany. Oudet
de Rie, lord de l'Escun, to whom the
king had been very bountiful, had taken
great pains to bring this about,— and when
it took place, the king gave to the duke
the county of Montfort, besides a large
sum of .money. When the business had
vox. XI. L

146
been concluded, the duke of Brittany sent
information of it to the duke of Burgundy,
and demanded tohave returned the treatyof
alliance that had been made between them.
On the 3rd of February, in this year,
there appeared, about six in the evening,
great lights in the sky resembling candles,
whence issued brilliant flashes, to the terror
of many; but they did not last long..
On the 7th of the same month, the bishop
of Paris, son to monsieur de la Forest,
made his entry, as bishop, into the city.
After the service in the cathredral,
he entertained, handsomely and abundantly,
at dinner, the churchmen, the members
of the university, of the parliament, cham
ber of accounts, masters of requests, se
cretaries, the provost, sheriffs, and principal
inhabitants. During the siege of Lectoure, a ser
pentine was fired from the walls, which
killed the king's corhmander of the artillery
and four gunners.
At this time, the duke of Alencon.
was made prisoner by sir Tristan de THer-
mite, provost of the marshals, and brought
before the king, for having, as it was said
quitted his country to sell and deliver

147
up to the duke of Burgundy all his pos
sessions in La Perche and Normandy,
together with his duchy of Alencon.
On the 5th of March following, the
count d'Armagnac had negotiated a ca
pitulation for the surrender of Lectoure
with sir Yves du Fau, whom the king
had sent thither on purpose, — and it Avas
agreed that the count, his lady, family
and attendants, should be allowed to de
part in safety. But it happened other
wise, — for the count was murdered by the
king's army who stormed the town. The
cause was this: several of the royalists,
under cover of the capitulation, had en
tered the town, — which when the count
saw, he would have put them to death in
spite of the treaty. The French, seeing this
cried out to their companions for assistance,
when the seneschal of Limousin, and great
numbers, forced an entrance Avhere the breach
had been made, and killed the count d'Ar
magnac and so many of the inhabitants,
that the countess of Armagnac with three
women and three or four men were the
only persons, who escaped death. The
town was pillaged,—- and the lord de Beau-
L _J

148
jeu with the other lords and gentlemen
whom the count had detained in his pri
sons, were set at liberty, and waited on
the king. The first intelligence the king re
ceived of this event was brought by one
qf his post-expresses, called John d'Au-
Vergne; and the king was so well pleased
with his diligence that he appointed hira
his herald, and gave him one hundred
crowns of gold.
The cardinal of Arras* having be
haved with great gallantry at the siege
of Lectoure, entered the town, which was
afterwards burnt, and the walls razed to
the ground. When news of this conquest
and of the death of the count d'Armag-
nae, reached the king of Arragon at Per*
pignan, he fled thence further into his
own dominions, as well on this account
as because he heard that Philip of Savoy
was marching an army, from Dauphiny
and Savoy, against him, to offer him battle,
and to recover the town of Pergignan,
* Cardinal of Arras. John Joffroy, then bishop
of Alby.

which he had taken from the king of
France. On Saturday morning, the 14th of
March, the king, who then resided at
Plessis du Pare, formerly called Montils
les Tours, set off very early, arid Avith few ,
attendants, for Bordeaux and Bayonne.
That no person living might follow him,
he ordered the gates of Tours to be closed
until ten o'clock had struck, and had a
bridge broken down near to Tours, to pre
vent any one crossing the river. For
further security, he commanded the lord de
Gaucourt,, the captain of the gentlemen
in his household, to remain in Tours for
the same purpose.
On the 7th of April, just before Easter,
the younger son of the count d'Albret,
who had betrayed the lord de Beaujeu
into the hands of the count d' Armagnac,
and who, on the capture of Lectoune,
had been made prisoner, was brought to
Poitiers,, where he was tried and condemned7
for this offence to be beheaded, and was'
then executed; after which, his body was:
put into a coffin, covered with a pall em
blazoned with hfe arms, and carried by

150
the four orders of mendicant friars in Poitiers
for interment, when a handsome service
was performed. In this month of April,
the truce between the king and the duke
of Burgundy was prolonged to the end
of the ensuing year.

[a. d. 1473.]
CHAP. XVI.
THE SIEGE OF PERPIGNAN. — THE DUKE OF
ALENCON DETAINED PRISONER IN THE
LOUVRE. — THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF
CALABRIA. — THE EXECUTION OF JOHN
.HARDY FOR INTENDING TO POISON THE
KING. — EDICTS FROM THE KING RESPECT
ING THE GENS D'ARMES AND THE COIN.
— AN EMBASSY FROM THE KING OF AR
RAGON.— OTHER EVENTS IN THIS YEAR.
About the end of April, in the year 1473,
the king of Arragon made an attack on
the town of Perpignan, and gained it from
the lord du Lau, who had the guard of
it ; but the castle remained unconquered, —

151
arid the garrison held it for the king 6f,
France a long time after the capture of
the toAvn. When Lectoure had been destroyed,
the king ordered the army to Perpignan,
in which were besieged the king of Ar
ragon and his son. With the nobles and
captains of this army was the cardinal
of Alby who behaved himself most pru
dently and courageously. This siege lasted
long, even until the month of June, —
when the king, to hasten it, sent thither
a reinforcement of four hundred lances
from Amiens and the adjacent towns,
together with a large train of artillery and
cannoniers. The duke of Alencon, who had been
confined in the castle of Loches, was
brought to Paris, and arrived at the castle
of the Louvre between nine and ten at
night, the 16th day of June. He disem
barked from the boats that had brought
him from Corbeil, under the guard of
the lord de Gaucourt and the lord de
la Chaloterie, master of the household
to the king, having with them fifty archers
©f the guards, and twenty- four gentlemen

152
of the household. When they had left
him in the castle of the Louvre, they all
returned to the king, except the lord de
la Chaloterie, who had the care of him, —
and he was guarded by the archers of
the toAvn of Paris. The first night, he
was lodged at the Silver Lion, in the
street of St Honore : and the following
day, which was Corpus-Christi-day, he
was brought back to the Louvre at the
same hour, between nine and ten in the
evening. During this long siege of Perpignan,
the king's troops had suffered greatly
from the excessive heats, and from want
of provisions, — which made them agree to
a truce, for a short time, with the be
sieged, when each party was supplied as
to their greatest wants. In this interval
the king sent another reinforcement of
men at arms, artillery and provisions,
under the command of the lord de Gau
court. He also ordered master John Bon-
Vre and the banker of the treasury to
buy up all the provisions they could lay
hands on, and send them to Perpigan.
About this time, in the month of

153
July, died the last born child of the
king, called the lord Francis duke of Berry.
The kirig was so much grieved that for
six hours no one dared to speak to him.
In this same month, the duke of
Calabria died of the plague, in his duchy
of Lorraine. Immediately after his decease,
news was brought, that a german, the
commander of the late duke's forces, had
taken prisoner the count de Vaudernont
heir to the duchy of Lorraine, with the
avowal and by the instigation of the duke
of Burgundy. In order to obtain the
count de Vaudemont's liberty, a youth,
nephew to the emperor of Germany,
and then a student at Paris, was arrested
by way of reprisal, and as an hostage for
the count's safety. A conference was
appointed to be holden this month at Senlis,
between commissioners from the king and
the duke of Burgundy, to settle their
differences. The king sent thither the t;ount de
Dammartin, who went in great pomp,
the lord chancellor, the lord de Craon,
the first president of the parliament of
Paris, master Guillaume de Cerisay, and

154
master Nicholas Bataille, who after re
maining there until the middle of August,
returned without having done any thing*
At this period, the duke of Burgundy
marched an army into Guelderland, to
subdue and take possession of it.
On the 8th of August, as the king
was coming out of the castle of Alen
con, by accident a very large stone fell
from the battlements on his sleeve : he
narrowly escaped being killed by it, but
was saved by his confidence in God, and
the blessed Virgin Mary, in whom he put
his whole trust.
The commissioners from the king and
the dukes of Burgundy and Brittany now
left Senlis without having - accomplished
any of the points they had met on.
In regard to the weather of this year,
it was exceeding^ hot from the month
of June to December, more so than had
been felt in the memory of any man
living, — which caused the wines to be of
such bad qualities that quantities were
thrown away, — and there Avas not any
frost until after Candlemas-day.
As there were now reports, that the

155
Burgundians were marching for Lorraine
and the Barrois, the king sent thither
five hundred lances, under the command
of the lord de Craon, whom he made
his lieutenant-general. He also ordered the
nobles from the Isle of France and Norman
dy, with the franc-archers cantoned in divers
parts of Champagne, to advance toward Lor
raine, where they remained for more than
two months, and then returned without
having seen the enemy.
The duke of Burgundy brought the
emperor of Germany to Luxembourg,
whence he went to the town of Metz,
to exhort the inhabitants to admit the
duke of Burgundy and his forces : but
as they refused to comply, he return
ed to Luxembourg and thence into Ger
many. At this time, the duke of Burgundy
sent to Venice to negotiate a loan, that he
might subsidize, for three months, six hun
dred lances from that country. These troops
passed through the duchy of Milan, and pro
ceeded to the upper parts of Burgundy,
to form a junction with the subjects of
the said duke, whose army was not suf-

isa
ficiently strong to meet that of the king"
which lay upon his frontiers. The' king
now married his eldest daughter*, Avhom
he had promised to the late duke of
Calabria, to the lord de Beaujeu; brother to
the duke of Bourbon. The Burgundians,
by treason and otherwise, suddenly in
vaded the Country of the Niverriois, and
took several towns belonging to the count
de Nevers, such as La Roche, Chatillon,
and others.
The king's commissioners, who had be
fore been at Senlis> now went to Compiegne,
in expectation of meeting those from
Burgundy, who had promised to come
thither; but after waiting some time iri
vain, they returned to Paris, and went
thither again on the 15th of January.
It was now currently reported, that the
duke of Burgundy, seeing he could, not
by open force destroy the kingdom of
France, notwithstanding' all the pains he
had taken to accomplish it, had formed
* Eldest daughter. Anne of France, a most
accomplished woman. She made a great figure in
the succeeding reign.

157
a conspiracy to poison the king ; in which
business he employed a person called
master Ythier Marchanty who had been
a servant to the late duke of Guienne,
and another called John Hardy, servant
to this Ythier, who, after the death of
the duke of Guienne, had sought pro
tection from the duke of Burgundy.
John Hardy undertook to manage
this affair, and consequently, the poisons
were delivered to him, with promises
of great wealth on his success : at the
same time, fifty thousand crowns were
paid him down, for him to distribute
among such as he should judge able to
assist him. He had also money given
him for his expenses; and this madman.
Hardy, not having the fear of God before
hir eyes, nor foreseeing, that had his plot
succeeded, (which, thanks to God, it did
not) the whole of the noble realm of
France would have been destroyed, set
out on his journey to thev place of the
king's residence.
On his arrival at Amboise, forgetting
that the king had formerly kindly re
ceived him and given him great sums

158
t>f money, inorder to execute his damn
able enterprise, he addressed himself to
a person who had the charge of making
sauces in the royal kitchen, with whom
Hardy was acquainted during the time they
were both in the service of the duke
of Guienne. Hardy communicated to him
his plan, and offered him twenty thousand
crowns if he would assist him to ac
complish it. The saucemaker listened to
him, but said he could not engage in
the business without the consent of
Colinet, the king's head cook, who had
likewise been in the same service with
themselves. He promised to mention the
matter to Colinet, and urge him to join
them, — but desired Hardy to give him
the poisons to show the head cook. Soon
after, the saucemaker and head cook having
discussed the business together, went and
informed the king of the plot, who was
very much alarmed, but most honourably
and handsomely reAvarded them for having
discovered it. John Hardy had set out for
Paris, but was instantly followed and
overtaken near Estampes, Avhere he was
arrested and brought back to the king.

159
who interrogated him, arid had him ex
amined by others, as to the charges made
against him, — all of which he confessed
to be true.
To make the matter public, and that
his trial might have the greater notoriety,
the king set out from Amboise for Char
tres, Meulanc, Creil, and other places
in the Beauvoisis, followed by Hardy,
chained Avith heavy irons, in a Ioav cart,
under the guard of John Blosset; esquire,
captain of one hundred archers of the
dauphin's guard, fifty of whom always
surrounded the cart. Thus guarded, he
was sent to Paris, to be delivered up to the
provost and sheriffs, Avhere he arrived on
Thursday the 20th day of January, about
three o'clock in the afternoon; Avhen sir
Denis Hesselin, the provost, and others,
went out to receive him in the suburbs,
t>eyond- the gate of St Denis. With sir
Denis were the four sheriffs, their officers
and great crowds of people, and the archers
of the town in handsome array.
Hardy Avas placed on a high chair
in the middle of the cart, that he might
be seen by the populace, Avho were strjctly

160
forbidden to abuse him by words or deeds.
Thus was he conducted along the great
street of St Denis, to the town-house, when
he was delivered up, by John Blosset,
to the provost and sheriffs, under whose
guard the king had ordered him to be
placed, that they might have the honour
pf trying and executing him.
While the king was at Creil, he is
sued an edict respecting the gens d'armes
of his realm, by which he declared that
each lanceman should not have more
than six horses, — namely, three horses for
himself, his page and his armour-bearer;
the two archers have two horses, and one
for the varlet; but they were no longer
to have panniers to carry their arms. They
were not to remain longer than one
day in any village when on their
march. And proclamation was made
to forbid all merchants from selling or
affording to any of the gens d'armes
cloths pf silk or camlets, on pain of. for
feiting the money these gens d'armes*
might give or owe for them; and no
woollen cloths Avere to be sold them of
a higher price than thirty-two sols parisis
the ell.

161
At the same, time, he issued another e$ic$
touching the coin, and ordered the grands
blancs to be exchanged for eleven deniers
although before they hacj only been wgrt'o.
ten denie.rs,— the targes, eleiren denier^
tournois, tihaj. ,had been worth twelve,^
tfae crown, thirty sols three deniers tour-
noisk; and _>o on with the rest, fpr tb,§
jawhole value ofthe coin was changed.
On the #0th' of January, a recon
ciliation took ejffecjt between the king
and . the constable. He had possessed
himself of the toAvn Cjf $t Quentin, anfi
driy<en out the lord de Creton, who tfj^re
commanded one hundred lances jfor the
king. By .this reconciliation, the constable
eemained not only master, as before, pf
St Quentin, but the town of Meau^.ai^
other places were given up to him, pf
which he nad before been deprived. Com
missioners were also .appointed to inquire
.arfter those who had spoken disrespectfully
of the constable Jjelatjve to his taking $$.
Quentin, that they might be Jbrpugbf; to
.punishments Money was likewise given
liim for the fpay of _hj_3 irpop^, wh
•VOL. X'l. M

162
was the means of preventing his town
of St Quentin from being taken.
The king about this time, left Am
boise for Senlis, where he remained while
his commissioners and those from Bur
gundy were labouring to bring about a
peace. At length, the truce was prolonged
to the middle of the ensuing May, in
the expectation of a more lasting agreement
being concluded before then. The king
went from Senlis to Ermenonville in
Santerre, belonging to master Pierre L'Or-
fevre, counsellor in the chamber of accounts
where he staid a month, — during which
time, the duke of Bourbon, Avhom the
king had repeatedly sent for, came at
last, but did not remain more than ten
or twelve days, and returned, with the
king's leave, to his OAvn country, to celebrate
Easter, promising to come back the Sunday
after Easter which he did.
On the 30th of March, John Hardy,
fcefore mentioned, was condemned by the
court of parliament to be taken to the
gate of the prisons of the Conciergerie,
and there put into a tumbrel and draAvn
before the town-house, Avhere a scaffold

163
had been erected for the quartering of
his body, according to the sentence, which
was executed. His head, placed on the
point of a lance, Avas to remain in front
of the town- house, and his four quarters
were sent to four of the principal towns,
at the extremities of the kingdom, — on
each of which an inscription was to be
put, declaring the cause why they were
thus placed, — and the bpdy was ordered
to be burnt, and reduced to cinders at
the place of execution. All the houses
ofthe said John Hardy, particularly that
in which he had been born, Avere to be,
razed to the ground, and no buildings
were to be thereon erected in future ;
an inscription was also to be placed on
the spot, declaratory of the enormity of
the offence, and why these buildings had
been destroyed. Hardy was executed in
the presence of the lord de Gaucourt,
king's ' lieutenant, the first president of
the parliament Boulenger, the two provosts,
and sheriffs, and other principal persons
of the town ; and he had a celebrated
doctor in divinity, called doctor Hue, as
signed to him for the care of his soul. On
M 2

164
the Saturday following, the head of Hariif,
which had heeri placed on a lance before'
the town-hbusfe, was taken down, nobody
knew how, _tnd thrown into a cellar hard by.
This day, a handsome embassy came
tb Paris from the king of Arragon, and
w&s honourably received there by the
etwnt de ^enthievre*, the lord de Gau
court and others, who feasted them well
in divers piarts of Paris until Palm Srindfl^,
when their festivities ceased on account
of the approaching Passion-week. Thfe
king arrived at Paris after Easter, the f 6fh
<fay of April, in the year 1474.
* Count de Penthievre — Jean de Brosse— *ha4,
by his wife Louisa de Laval, Rene, who married
Jeanne, only daughter to the historian Philip de
Comiri'es.

165
[a. d. 1474]
QHAP. XVII.
THE PARISIANS ARE ( REVIEWED BY THg
¦ KING. — OF THE ARRAGONIAN AMBASSA
DORS. — A CONFERENCE BETWEEN THE
KING AND THE CONSTABLE. — A TRT/CE
WITH THE DUKE OF BtJRGyNBY. — OTHER
EVENTS. — THE DUKE OF ALEN9QN CON
DEMNED TO BE BEHEADED AT PARIS.— r
THE KING TAKES POSSESSION OF ANJOty.
— ^THE.DUKE OF BURGUNDY BE£IEGE§
NUYS*.— HE TAKES SEVERAL TOWNS, NOT
WITHSTANDING THE TRUCJE BETWEEN TH^
KING AND HIMSELF.
JThe king ordered a re vie av ofthe Parisians
pnv Saturday the 20th of Ajprtf. They
were drawn up from the bastile o^ St An
thony, along $ie ditches, to the tower of
Billy, — and thence, in batt]e-arpy, to the
Grange aux Merciers : there was another
division formed on the opposite side pf the
* Nuys, — a town in the department of the Roer}
in the pjce^f nt division* pf France.

166
town. They made a brilliant and formida
ble appearance, — for the whole number was
.estimated at one hundred and four thousand
men, all in uniforms, with red hoods and
white crosses. A large train of artillery
was also drawn out of Paris, which added
much to the beauty of the spectacle.
The king was accoihpanied at this re
view by the arragonian ambassadors, who
were astonished at the numbers of men
under arms that Paris alone had sent
forth. The king was attended by his guards,
the gentlemen of his household, the count
de Dammartin in great pomp, Philip
of Savoy count of Bresse, the lord du
Perche, Salazart, and several other captains
and gentlemen of reriown. After the re
view, the king went to Vincennes to sup
per, taking with him the arragonian em
bassy ; arid shortly after, he gave to the two
principal ambassadors two cups of fine gold,
embossed with figures, which weighed forty
marcs, and had cost three thousand two
hundred crowns of gold.
The king left Paris for Senlis, Avhere
he made some stay ; and during that time
two embassies came to him, one from
Brittany and another from Germany, — the

167
chief of which last was the duke of Bava
ria. With the embassy from Brittany came
Philip des Essars, lord of Thieux, master of
the household to the duke of Brittany, who
had been very active against the king. He
was, however, kindly received by him, pre
sented Avith ten thousand crowns, and ap
pointed general inquisitor and inspector of
waters and forests in Champagne and Brie,
— which office the lord de Chatillon had
held, but it was taken from him to be given
to Philip des Essars.
While the king was at Senlis, Erme-
nonville, and other places in that district,
an embassy arrived from the duke of Bur
gundy, which remained long, but conclu
ded nothing. The king then departed for
Compiegne, Noyon, and divers places there
about, — when a meeting was appointed be
tween him and the constable, to settle some
differences between them, near a village*,
where a bridge was thrown over a river, and
each had a large party of guards for his per
sonal security. Their mutual accusations
* A village. The place of meeting was on a bar
ricaded bridge, near to La Fere, three leagues from
Noyon.

168
were discussed, and particularly the cap
ture the constable had made, by force, of
St Quentin, by driving thence the lord de
Creton and his garrisoft, — which had greatly
angered the king, who, for this reason,
had stopped the payments due to the con
stable's troop of four hundred lances, for
the months of April, May, and June.
After a long conversation, the king
Ordered the arrears of pay to be made
good, and continued. as before, and they
parted good friends. Peace was likewise
made betweeri the constable and the count
de Dammartin, — and the king, On his
goirig away, freely pardoned the constable,
who promised and swore never to commit
any more faults, but to serve him hencefor
ward faithfully against all, Avithout any ex
ception whatever.
During this period, the king passed
some time at Senlis, Ermerioriville, Pont
St Maixence, and other places near. He
went almost daily to the abbey de la Vic-
toire, to adore the statue of the Virgin,
Avhich was there in great request, — and
in honour to her, made the prior very rich
gifts, in money, to the amount of ten thou-

169
sand golden croAvns. This year, from his
singular love to his people, and his wish
to avoid the shedding of human blood,
he agreed to a truce with his adversary
the. duke of Burgundy for one year, to
expire the first of April in the year 1475;
although several embassies had come from
the emperor of Germany, humbly to de
sire that he would not conclude any truce,
for that he Avould reduce the duke by force
of arms to sue for his mercy, — and that
whatever conquests the emperor should
make, he would give to the king, Avithout
his putting himself to the smallest cost.
Notwithstanding these flattering proposals,
the king assented to a truce with the duke
of Burgundy, to the great displeasure of
all his good and loyal subjects.
The Burgundians, -nevertheless, and in
contempt of the truce, at first committed
many outrages on the king's territories and
subjects, without making any reparation;
and it was scandalous thus to see a vassal of
the king injure, with impunity, the Goun*
try and subjects of his sovereign lord.
In the beginning of July, the king
returned to Paris, but only lay there one

170
night. On the morrow, he went to the
church of Notre Dame, and thence to the
holy chapel in the palace. He dined in
the apartments of master John de Ladries-
che, president of the charfiber of accounts,
in the conciergerie of the palace ; and about
four in the afternoon he embarked in a boat
at the point of the palace, and went to
the tower of Nesle, where he mounted his
horse and rode to Chartres, Amboise, — and
thence to Notre Dame de Behuart, in Poi
tou. In this year, the king sent a very large
army, with franc-ardhers and others, and a
considerable train of artillery to conquer
the kingdom of Arragon. Prayers were
offered up that God would give them grace
to behave well, and return in health; for
it was commonly said, that Arragon was
the churchyard of Frenchmen.
Monday, the 18th day of July, the
duke d'Alencon was brought before the
court of Parliament, — when the chancellor,
master Pierre d' Oriole, recapitulated his
former crimes, and the sentence that had
been passed upon him by the court held
at Vendome, under the late king Charles,

171
(whose soul may God pardon !) and the
grace the present king had shoAvn him, not
only by granting him his life, but his liberty
and estates, for which favours he had shown
the blackest ingratitude. The present ac
cusations were then brought forward, when
he was found guilty of high treason, and
condemned by the chancellor to be behead
ed at Paris, saving the good pleasure of
the king to order otherwise; and all his
effects, hereditary and acquired, were con
fiscated to the king's use.
The duke, having heard his sentence,
was led back tb his prison in the Louvre,
under the guard of sir Denis Hesselin, sir
James Hesselin his brother, sir John de
Harclay, commander of the night-guard
in Paris, and others appointed by the king
for this purpose.
When this affair was finished, the king
went toward Angers, and took possession of
that town and all other places and lord
ships in Anjou belonging to the king of
Sicily, for certain reasons moving him there
to; and the government and administration
of them was given to master Guillaume
de Cerisay, greffier civil in the court of par-

172
liament. The king then returned through
Beauce to Chartres, and to Bois-de-Males-
herbes, where he staid a long time, hunt
ing stags, wild boars, and other beasts, of
which he found such plenty that he was
very fond of this part of his kingdom;
although otherwise, it is but a poor coun
try. On the king's departure, he went to
Pont de Chamois, the residence of the lord
de Beaujeu, were he remained until the
6th of October, and thence went to Mon^
tereau-faut-Yonne. During his absence, the
members of his grand council went daily
fo Pont de Chamois.
The duke of Burgundy had now de
clared war against the Germans, and had
marched an army to lay siege to Nuys, a
good town near Cologne, on the Rhine,
where he and his army remained long. The
king sent an embassy into Brittany, com
posed of the chancellor, Philip des Essars,
and others, Avho on their return, brought
with them sir Pierre de Morvilliers, for
merly chancellor of France, Avho had at
tached himself to the late duke of Guienne,
and on his death had sought an asylum
in Brittany.

173
The Burgundians, notwithstanding the
truce, took the city of Verdun, in Lor
raine, of which the king was protector;
and to recover it, he sent thither three hun
dred lances, and four thousand franc-archers,
under the command of the lord de Craon,
and others. The Burgundians took also by
storm a town in the Nivernois called Molins
en <E*ibers, whither, likewise, the king sent
men at arms and artillery. The Burgun
dians, however, regardless of the truce, never
failed, when any favourable opportunities
©Jened, to oppress the subjects, towns, and
eBUj__r_es ofthe king of France.

K - ¦ .

17*
CHAP. XVIII.
KING EDWARD SUMMONS THE KING OF
FRANCE TO RESTORE TO HIM THE DUCHIES
OF GUIENNE AND NORMANDY. — GOOD
NEWS FROM THE FRENCH ARMY IN ARa
RAGON. — SOME ARRAGONIANS BEHEADED.
— THE KING'S PHYSICIANS OPEN A MAN
ALIVE, AND RECOVER HIM. — OF THE
FEAST OF ST CHARLEMAGNE, KING OF
FRANCE. — OF THE LOSSES OF THE DUKE
OF BURGUNDY BEFORE NUYS, AND OF
THE CONQUESTS GAINED OVER HIM IN PI
CARDY AND BURGUNDY. — SOME BARONS
EXECUTED AT PARIS. — THE REDUCTION
OF THE TOWN OF PERPIGNAN.
King Edward about this time, sent his he
ralds to the king of France, to summon him
to restore the duchies of Guienne and Nor
mandy, which he claimed as his property,
— and in case of refusal, to declare Avar
against him. The king gave his answer to
these heralds, and sent by them, to king
Edward, the handsomest courser in his sta
bles ; and he, moreover, sent him by Jean

175
de Laslier, his* harbinger, an ass, a wolf,
and 'a wild boar, with Avhich the heralds
returned to their own country.
In November, the king came near to
Paris, and was lodged at Ablon sur Seine,
at Vincennes, Haubervilliers, and spther
places. He thence went to the house of
master Dreux Bude, examiner to the court
of chancery, called Bois-le-Comte, while
the archbishop of Lyon, the lord de Beau
jeu, and others of his court, were lodged
at Mietry, in the Isle of France. The
king, from Bois-le-Comte, went with the
above-named lords to Chateau Thierry,
where he made some stay. About the 12th
of December, he came to Paris, for the
feast of Christmas, and performed his de
votions on that day in the church of Notre
Dame. Intelligence was brought to the king,
on St Stephen's day, that the English were
in great force at sea, and near to the coast
of Normandy, at St Michel. He instantly
ordered a body of archers, which he had
just raised, and called The Dauphin's
Guard, to mount their horses and hasten
into Normandy.

17(1
Nearly at the same time, he heard
finom his army in Arragon, that they had
taken a place near Perpignan, called Gonrie,
in which were several gentlemen, inha
bitants .of Perpignan, whom they would
hasee put to death, had they not promised to
cause the town of Perpignan to.be surren
dered to the king's arms within a certain
time by them named. But as they failed.
in their promise, some .of them were be
headed : in the number Avas one called Ber
nard de Douys. Soon after, an agreement
was made between the king and ;the Arra-
gprnaaas, by which Roussillon Avas. again re
stored to ;him.
,in the month of January, somei>_uv
gundian adventurers collected together, and
made several inroads .on France, even so
far as Compi6gne, plundering or killing, all
they met. They attempted to build them
selves a place of security at Arson, near
R'oyje, whither they had brought a number
of fpianeers. When the king heard ofithis,
hersent orders fpr the garrisons of Amiens,
Beani^ajis, and totheir places, to assemble with
me company of the grand master, ;fche
cross-bows and archers of Paris,, and 'to

177
put themselves under the command of sir
Robert d'Estouteville, provost of Paris,
and destroy these Burgundians and their
strong hold. But the Burgundians no
sooner heard of these orders than they
packed up their plunder, and ran aAvay, like
thieves as they were.
This same month, a franc-archer of
Meudon was confined in the prisons of
the Chatelet, in Paris, for divers robberies,
and even sacrilege in the churchy of Meu
don. He was condemned, for these crimes,
to be hanged at Montfaucon, — but he ap
pealed to the court of parliament, whither
he was led for trial. That court dismissed
his appeal, and confirmed the sentence of
the provost of Paris, to whom he was re
manded for execution; but the surgeons and
physicians of Paris petitioned the king, that
as a variety of persons were afflicted with
the stone and other internal disorders, and
that as this franc-archer had complaints si
milar to those of which the lord de Bou-
chage* now lay dangerously ill, it was re-
* Bouchage. Imbert de Balarney, counsellor and
chamberlain to Louis XI. and one of his greatest fa
vourites.
VOL. XL N

178
quisitethat tine internal parts of a living man
should be examined, and that no better
subject could have offered than this franc-
archer under sentence of death.- The
physicians and surgeons^ in consequence of
the king's permission, opened his body,— -.
and having examined his bowels, replaced
them, and seAved up the bod}^. By the
king's orders, every care Avas taken of Aim ;
and Avithin fifteen days, he was perfectly
cured, and was not only pardoned for his
crimes but had a sum of money given to
him. On the 28th of January, the king,
having a particular affection and reverence
for the exalted and deA^out virtues of St
Charlemagne, ordered, that henceforward
his feast should on that day be celebrated,
which was done in the city of Paris like
unto a Sunday, and continued on every
succeeding 28th of January.
The town of Nuys was revictualled by
the Germans from Cologne, and other
places under the obedience of the emperor;
notwithstanding the duke of Burgundy had
been so long before it, and had placed a
considerable fleet on the Rhine to hinder

179
any reinforcements, or stores, from entering
the town. The duke's fleet was destroyed,
and from six to seven thousand persons, that
were on board of it, Avere killed or drowned.
The Burgundians, before this, had suffered
great losses in the army that was besieging
Nuys. j In the month of March, the king of *
dered four hundred lances from the garrisons
of Amiens, Beauvais, and other parts, to
make an inroad on the territories of the
duke of Burgundy, to retaliate the damages
done by his partisans on the country round
Roye, Peronne, and Mondidier, in contempt
of the truce. The royalists, in consequence,
invaded Artois, and advanced even to the
suburbs of Arras, in which they lodged one
whole night. - By means of flails, and por
table windmills, they thrashed and ground
all the corn they could find in the barns
throughout Artois and Picardy; which,
together with great numbers of cattle, pri
soners,* and utensils, were carried off by
Salazart and the other captains to Amiens,
and their different garrisons.
Puring this, the king never stirred
from Paris, but kept his Lent there/ making
n 2

180
good cheer, and, as he said, being healthy
and well satisfied. In this month,, a youth,
son to a brigandine maker, who had been
partly brought up by a fresh-water fisher
man of Paris, named Jean Pensart, know
ing that this fisherman had acquired a large
sum of money by the sale of his fish
during" Lent, which he gained by pur
chasing from different lords the produce
of tt^e ponds by wholesale, and being in
stigated by the devil, entered the house
of this fisherman, and seeing where he
kept his money, opened the door of the
house after midnight to three Scotsmen,
in order that they might rob the said
Pensart. One was called Mortimer, sur
named the Esquire, and the name of
another was Thomas Clark. By the
assistance of this youth* they carried off
the money, amounting, to two thousand
five hundred livres tournois.
The fisherman made such diligence to
recover his money that, on the same day
the youth was found within sanctuary.
at the Carmelites in Paris. He was instant-'
ly dragged thence, and carried to the prisons
of the Chatelet, for the weight .of his irons

181
prevented his walking, — and he there con
fessed that the Scotsmen had taken all the,
money. Great activity was used in seeking
them ; and Mortimer was seized, and would
have been carried to prison, by orders of
master Philip du Four, had not two of
the scots guards attacked him and his ser
geants, and effected the rescue of Mortimer.
Thomas Clark was afterward discovered,
having taken sanctuary in the church of St
Catherine-du-Val-des-ecoliers, and was
made prisoner, — but not before he had
courageously defended himself against the
officers of the provost of Paris, having
wounded several. At length he was over
powered, and confessed, at the prison, that
he Avas guilty of this robbery, — and great
part of the money was restored, which he
had hidden near St Estienne des Gres.
For this and other offences, the provost
condemned him to the gallows ; but he ap
pealed from this sentence to the parlia
ment, — which appeal was dismissed, and he
was sent back to the provost, who was
ordered to execute his sentence, which was
done on the 16th of March, on the gibbet
of Paris, in the presence of sir Denis Hes-

183
selm arid master Jean de Buel, as commis
sioners for the lieutenartt-eriminai La
Dehors, on account of a severe illness that
prevented his personal attendance.
At this time, the town' of Perpignan
surrendered' to the king's obedience ; when
the inhabitants were permitted to go whi
ther they pleased with their effects, — but
the artillery, which was very handsome and
of great value, was detained-

[A. D. 1475.]
CHAP. Xrx.
AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN THE. EMPEROR. Of
GERMANY AND THE KING OF FRANCE.— AMr
B _^SS AD0RS FROM FLORENCE AND FROM THE
EMPEROR. — PRUDENT ACTS OF THE KING.
— A DEVOUT PROCESSION AT PARIS.— -TRON-
QUOY, ROYE, MONDIDIER AND OTHER
PLACES, ARE TAKEN FOR THE KING.—
THE TREACHERY OF THE CONSTABLE. — A
GREAT DEFEAT OF THE BURGUNDIANS
AND LOMBARDS BY THE DUKE OF BOURBON,
WHEN THE COUNT DE ROUSSY AND SEVE
RAL GREAT LORDS OF BURGUNDY ARE
MADE PRISONERS.-t-THE MEN OF ARRAS
SUFFER ANOTHER CONSIDERABLE DEFEAT
BY THE KING'S ARMY. — THE DELIVERANCE
OF THE PRINCE OF ORANGE.— THE FLIGHT
AND DECAMPMENT OF THE DUKE OF BUR
GUNDY FROM BEFORE NUYS.— A CONFER
ENCE AND TREATY OF ALLIANCE BETWEEN
KING EDWARD OF ENGLAND AND THE
FRENCH KING'.— OTHER EVENTS THAT
HAPPENED AT PARK' DURING, THE YEAR
MCGCCLXXV. ' ' • : f
On the 7th day of April, in this year, ari
alliance was concluded between the em-

184
peror 01 Germany and the king, — which
he ordered to he proclaimed first in front of
the hotels of monsieur du Maine, duke of
Calabria, and ofthe ambassadors from Brit
tany, and then throughout the streets and
squares of Paris. There arrived at Paris,
in the course of this month, two embassies ;
one from Florence, and the other from the
emperor of Germany; Avhich were most
honourably received and feasted, as well by
the king as by other great lords of" his
court. Early in April, the king left Paris for
Vernon-sur-Seine, where he had appointed
the rendezvous for the admiral and his other
captains, to determine on the manner of
concluding the war that was about to take
place, for the truce Avould expire the last
day of April. He then returned to Paris
on the 14th, — and on the 25th he departed
for Pont St Maixence, to prepare his army.
The king took with him, besides the officers
of his household, eight hundred lances well
equipped, and a large train of great and
small artillery, in which were five very large
bombards : four of them Avere named Lon
don, Brabant, Bourg-en-Bresse, and St

185
Omer. In addition to the above, he had
his french and scots guard, his gentlemen,
and a great company of franc-archers from
the Isle of France and Normandy. Pro
visions were sent from all parts, for the
constant supply of the army.
On the first of May, the king departed
from the abbey tof La Victoire, whither he
had gone from Pont St Maixence, to ar
range the plan of his war against the Bur
gundians; and detachments were sent
against Tronquoy * and Mondidierr Ori the
10th, the archbishop of Lyon joined the
king from Paris, where he had been ap
pointed the king's lieutenant in the council,
and reported, that, a very devout and gene
ral procession had taken place at Paris on
the 3d, the feast of the holy Cross.
All the children in Paris walked in pro
cession, each holding a taper in his hand to
fetch the holy Innocent, and carry it to
Notre Dame. The archbishop of Lyon
and the chancellor walked beside each other,
followed by the lord de Gaucourt, lieutenant
for the king in Paris, the provosts and she-
* Tronquoy, — a village in Picardy, near Mondidier.

186
riffs, the presidents and Cdrinsellors of the
parliatrient and chamber of accounts, and
such nufnbers of the populace that they
we_fe estimated at rhore than orie hHndr&fl
thousahd persons. The holy Innocent was
borne, in this, procession, by the first presi
dent of. the parliament, Nanterre president
iri the same court, Ladriesche president of
the chamber of accounts, and by> the prd-
vost of marchands. All the archers of the
town were drawn out to preserve order, and
prevent noise and rioting.
The 2d of May, the king sent to surri-
mon the tdwri of Tronquoy to surrender,—
but the Burgundians killed those who suttt,-
moned them; upon which the king ordered
the batteries to be opened,— and the artillery
played with such success that, by five in the
«venin$ ofthe same day, a breach Avas made,
and. the toAvn taken by -storm. All within
were killed or hariged except one', called
Motin de Caulers, whom1 the king Caused to
be spaced, and made him an assessor extraor
dinary at Paris; The place, however, Avas
not taken without having iriade a strong de
fence, by which the governor of Pontoise,
who was said to have been an excellent of-

187
fieef, and Mafiy of the king's troops were
killed. The town, was afterward destroyed
arid razed to the ground.
On the 3di the royal army marched
for Mofididier, because it had refused to sur
render,— _.__<_ oft the 5th it wass won by ca-
f>-tu_a_ioriy on condition that the inhabi
tants might depart in safety, leaving thei_>
effects behind. This place was also de
stroyed. Ori the 6th, Roye surrendered,—
ahd the Burgundians marched away Avith
their biagga^e in safety. The Castle of Mo-
reril followed the ei_a*p_e of Roye.
Theste Victories catosed sueh- dismay' that
had- the king nsarehed his* aimy farther he
would* aoeii have reduced' to' his obedience*
all the towns of the duke of Burguridy,
as1 well in Flanders afc in Picardy, for every
Pne fled before him. To interrupt ti_e Ca>
reer of fchis^ grand5 army, the king* i^e-VeTd
mformaMori1 from diffeM* (ftta-freTs*. and
even from the lord cottstabte, _hat it Would
fee necessary for him to look to «he< defence
of Normaridy, for that the English- Were
preparing to make a landing on that coast.
The constable likewise wrote to him* that
he might boldly advance- to Ntorinandy

188
without paying any attention to Abbeville
and Peronne, for that during his absence
he would reduce these towns to his obe
dience. The king folloAved this advice,
and went into Normandy, taking Avith him
the lord admiral, five hundred lances, and
the nobles and franc-archers : the rest of
the troops were disbanded and sent to their
homes. But Avhen he arrived in Nor
mandy he heard nothing of the English,
although he went along the coast to Har
fleur, Dieppe, Caudebec, and other places.
During this excursion, nothing was done for
the king, as was promised by the constable :
on the contrary, his subjects on the borders
suffered very much from his absence, by the
inroads of the Burgundians.
The king went on a pilgrimage to the
church of our Lady of Ecouis*, and thence
to a house called Gaillarbois f, belonging to
Colon, lieutenant to the lord admiral, where
he made some stay ; and Avhile he was there,
he received intelligence from the constable
of the arrival and landing of the English at
* Ecouis,— a market-town in Vexin Norman,
eight leagues from Rouen.
t Gaillarbois. — near Ecouis.

189
Calais,— and that the duke of Burgundy
had raised the siege of Nuys. It had been
reported that the duke had gained posses
sion of that town with the consent of the
emperor, and that they had united their
forces to make war on the king of France,
which was after Avard found to be exactly
the reverse of truth.
In this interval, an english herald,
called Scales, Avas made prisoner, and many
letters found on him, addressed to dif
ferent persons. These letters the king saw ;
and the herald assured him, that a large body
of English had disembarked at Calais, — and
that king Edward was to be there in person
on the 22d of June, at the head of twelve
or thirteen thousand combatants. He be
sides assured him, that the duke of Burgun
dy had made his peace with the emperor,
and was returned to Brussels, the whole of
which turned out to be faslehoods. The
king was also informed, Avhile at Ecouis,
that the constable had sent to the duke
of Bourbon his sealed engagement, to at
tempt to suborn and induce^ him to take arms
against the king, and unite himself with the
duke of Burgundy, all of which greatly

190
surprised him. Jle instantly Sent for the
duke of Bourbon, and repeated hip sum
mons tp come to him by the bjsh#$ ojf
Mende, by whom the dulgB of Ifowbpn had
sent the first intelligence of this tFeasoH.
with the constable's sealed proposals.
The king heard, nearly at the same
time, that the duke of Bourbon, whom he
had appointed his lieutenant-general against
the Burgundians, had, with his army, fallen
in with the enemy at Guy, near to Chateau
Chinon-f-, and had defeated them with Aery
great loss in killed and prisoners. Two
hundred lances from Lombardy were slain,
•- — and among the dead were the lord de
Conches and several others. The prison
ers were the count de Roussy, the marshal
of Burgundy, the lord de Longy, the bai
liff of Auxerre, the lord de LTsle, the ban*
nerrbearer of the lord de Beauchamp, the
son of the count de St Martin, sir Louis
de Montmartin, sir John de Digoigne, the
lord de Rugny, the lord de Cheligny, the
two sons of the lord de Vitaulx, one of

* CMteau Chinon, — in the Niverndls, oapital dl
MorvaiU.

191
whom was count de Joigriy, and others-
This defeat happened on Tuesday the 20tJ_
of June, In contradiction to the intelligence the
king had received from the constable," the
king heard from the emperor, that he had
revictualled and reinforced the town of
Nuys for one year ; that he had taken
thence all the sick and Avounded, and re
placed them with fresh troops ; and that
he had reduced the duke of Burgundy to a
nonplus, having taken from him great part
of his artillery, his service of plate, and
other baggage.
On the 27th of June, the lord admiral,
who had been ordered by the king to in
vade and lay waste Picardy and Flanders
with fire and sword, advanced thither Avith
his -troops, and put to death all he met,
ravaging, at the same time, the Avhole
of the country. He one day posted
some ambushes near to Arras, and thefr
dispatched about forty lances to ap
pear before the walls, who were no sooner
espied by the garrison than a grand sally
was eagerly made; in the expectation of dis
comfiting them. The forty lanqes, on being

192
attacked, retreated toward the ambuscades,
so that the men from Arras were surrounded
and put to flight, leaving on the field from
twelve to fifteen hundred dead. The horse
of the lord de Romout, son to the count of
Savoy, and brother to the queen of France,
Vvas killed, but he himself escaped. The go
vernor of Arras, sir James de St Pol, with
other lords of name and renoAvn, were made
prisoners, Avhom the lord admiral caused to be
led before the walls of Arras, and summoned
the inhabitants to surrender the town to the
king's obedience, otherwise he Avould order
his prisoners to be beheaded in their sight.
The king had held the prince of Orange
some time his prisoner, whose ransom was
set at thirty thousand crowns : but in the
month of June the king restored him to his
liberty without ransom: in gratitude for
which, he became the king's vassal, and did
him homage for his principality of Orange.
The king sent him home at his own expense,
with powers to coin money of gold and sil
ver, of the same alloy as the coin of Dau
phiny, and to grant pardons and remissions
of all offences excepting heresy and treason.
The king presented to the nobleman who

193
had made the prince prisoner ten thousand
crowns in ready money.
In the month of June, the king- sent
orders to the provost of Paris to cause
public notice to be given of the arrival
of the English at Calais, and to com
mand all the vassals of the crown to hold
themselves in readiness on the 3rd of July,
and to assemble on that day between Paris
and Vincennes, to march whithersoever
they should be ordered, notwithstanding
any privileges to the contrary, which, on
this occasion, must be waved. In con
sequence of this proclamatiori, the Parisians
sent a large body . of men at arms, well
mounted and equipped, to join their provost
in the Soissonnois.
The king passed some time in Nor
mandy, at Notre Dame de Ecouis and
Gaillarbois, whence he departed from Notre
Dame de la Victoire, and after a short
stay went to Beauvais. In this month of
July, the duke of Burgundy, who had been
before Nuys for twelve months, decamped
by night, and in disgrace, Avithout having
gained any advantages. He returned to'
his own country with great losses iri men
VOL. XI. 9

194
and baggage, to meet his brother-in-laAV
king Edward of England, whom he had
prevailed on to come thither, in pursuance
of his wicked designs against the king of
France and his kingdom.
At this time, the countries of the duke
of Burgundy suffered much from the de
struction caused by the French, in burning
towns and laying waste eA'ery part they
passed through. The king had sent repeat
edly for the duke of Bourbon, Avho at lehgth
came to him while he was at Notre Dame
de la Victoire. The duke arrived at Paris
in the month of August, triumphantly ac
companied by nobles and gentlemen, to the
amount of five hundred horse, and departed
thence on the 14th to wait on the. king.
Having staid some time Avith him, he set
out for Senlis, on his way to Clermont.
The king received, in the month of
August, an embassy from the king of Eng
land, whose ambassadors were lodged at
Libons in Santerre; and after some con
ferences had been held with the king, he
sent his chancellor, and the minister of
his finances, to Paris, to borrow a sum of
money under promise of repayment on

195
All-saints-.day. The sum lent by the town
was seventy-five thousand crowns of gold,
which was given to the enghsh ambassadors,
in consideration of a treaty which they
had concluded with the king. The town
of Paris sent him, at the same time, a large
body of men - at arms well dressed and
mounted, and paid by the toAvn.
On the 29th of August, the king in
company with the archbishop of Lyon, the
duke of Bourbon, and a great body of his
nobility and men at arms, to the number,
as estimated, of one hundred thousand horse,
set out from Amiens to Pecquigny*, to
meet king Edward of England, Avho came
thither, attended by his van and rear bat
talions (the main army remained behind in
battle-array), to hold a conference. "Two
sheds of Avood had been erected for the
purpose, hy the king's orders, on the bridge
pf Pecquignj', fronting each other, but di
vided, from top to bottom, by a trellis of
Wood- work, through which the two kings
might thrust their hands. The king of
* Pecquigny, — three leagues from Amiens, on
the road from Calais to Paris. O 2

196
France came to his shed the first ; ancl in
stantly an english baron, there in waiting,
set off to inform the king of England, who
was in his camp, a good league distant from
Pecquigny, where were twenty thousand
English, well furnished with artillery.
King Edward soon arrived and entered
his shed having twenty-two lancemen that
had followed him, posted in the river, beside
the bridge, the whole time the two kings were
in conference. During this, a very heavy
fall of rain came on, to the great vexation
of the french lords, who had dressed them
selves and their horses in their richest ha
biliments, in honour to king EdAvard. The
king of England, on approaching the
king of France, put one knee on the ground
twice ; and the king of France received him
kindly, and made him rise*. A general
conversation now ensued" betAveen the kings,
the archbishop of Lyon, the duke of Bourbon,

* Comines says, that they saluted each other
most respectfully, — and that, during the stay of
Edward, Louis was very anxious to avoid showing
any appearance of ridiculing the English-

197
the minister' of the finances, arid others, to
the number of a hundred persons, whom
the king of France had with him. After
this general conversation, the company
retired, and the two kings reriiained alone
for some time iri private conference. On
their parting, it Was published, that a treaty
had been' concluded" on the following
terms; — A truce was agreed to for seven
years, to comuierice the 29t_i day of August,
1475, and to expire on the same day in
the year 1482. By this truce, all Eng
lishmen were allowed to enter France*.
whether armed or riot, provided there were
not more than one hundred persoris in ariy
one company. The truce was proclaimed
at Paris, Amiens, and in other parts of
the realm. The king of England thdri
acknoAvledged the receipt of seventy-five
thousand golden crOwns ; and the king made
very liberal presents to all the courtiers of
Edward; to the heralds and trumpets, who
made great rejoici rigs for the same, crying
out^ ' Largesse au trh noble et puissant roy de
France ! Largesse, Largesse !' The king of
France,- moreover^ promised to pay king

198
EdAvard an annual pension of fifty thousand
crowns * for these seven years.
The kin 5 of France paid great court
to the duke of Clarence, brother to the
king of England, and made him many rich
gifts. Edward now collected the troops he
had sent to Abbeville, Peronne, and else
where, and, having packed up bag and
* CA, D. 1475. With fifteen hundred nobles
and gentlemen, and fourteen thousand archers on
horseback, besides a numerous bo;ly on foot, did
Edward (IV.) invade the dominions of France from
Calais. Had the king been steady, his allies faith
ful, and his courtiers honest, nothing but a miracle
could have saved the dastardly detested Louis (XI.)
But the admirable poiicy of that king, never dis
played before or since (on so honest an occasion),
the want of conduct in Burgundy and sincerity in
St Pol, together with the atrocious corruption of
the english nobles and indolence of Edward, com
bined to rescue the monarchy of France from utter
ruin. Louis most wisely abandoned every punctilio,
suffered with patience the insolence of the in
vaders, bribed judiciously with an unsparing hand,
consented to an immediate payment of 75, 000 crowns,
and an annual tribute of 50,000, — and at length
sent his enemies, defeated of their expectations
and covered with ridicule, to wait the effect of pro
mises which were never meant, to be performed.'
Andrews' Hist, of England.

193
baggage, marched back to Calais, to cross
the sea to England. He was escorted to
Calais by master Hesberge, bishop of Ev-
reux. King Edward left with the king of
France two of his barons the lord Howard,
and his master of the horse * until certain
things that Edward Avas to send him from
England should arrive. These two barons
were the confidential servants of Edward,
and had been greatly instrumental in nego
tiating the truce and other treaties betAveen
the two kings, and were in consequence
much feasted at Paris.
The king of France and his lords
before mentioned now left Amiens for Sen
lis, where he made some stay. While he
Avas there, he ordered the officers of his •
household, and particularly sir Denis Hes
selin, to show these two barons all the cu
riosities in Paris, of which he acquitted
himself so as to deserve the king's thanks.
They remained in Paris eight days, during
which they were daily feasted, and carried
to the forest of Vincennes for their amuse
ment. Am°ng other entertainments, a
* Comines calls him sir John Cheamand Chaney.

200
grand one was given them at the king's
palace of the Tournelles, to which were
invited many ladies, damsels, and citizens'
wives and daughters, to add to its bril-
lancy. These two barons now 'left Paris,
to wait on the king at the abbey de la
Victoire near Senlis.
This month the king departed: from
the abbey de la .Victoire for the Soisson-
nois, and stopped at the abbey of Notre
Dame de Liesse. During this journey, he
took possession of the town of St Quentin>
which the constable had seized by driving-
out the royal garrison ; for the constable
had now deserted the king, and; joined- the
duke of Burgundy. But what Avas worse,
he had Avritten letters to king Edward, after
he had crossed the sea to England, in
which he called him a cowardj a pitiful
and poor sovereign, for having: made a
treaty Avith a king who would: not keep
one of his promises, and that in the end
he would finds himself completely duped.
King Edward^ on the receipt of these
letters, discovered/ the treachery, of. the
constable to his sovereign.
The king gave his permission for

201"
the _ord HoAvard and the master of the-
horse to return to England, and presented
them, on their departure, with many
valuable gifts, as well- in money as in
gold and silver plate. He caused pro
clamation to be made in Paris; that they
were at liberty to carry away with them
as much wine as they pleased, on paying
for it. The king passed the month of October
at Verdun, and other places on the borders
of Lorraine, and then returned; to Senlis
and to the abbey de la Victoire, Avhere
ambassadors met him from Brittany, Avho
concluded a peace between him and their
duke, on his renouncing all": the- engage
ments and alliances he had formed against
the king. The duke of Burgundy accepted
of a truce similar to that Avhich had
been concluded with the English.!
On the 16th of October, this truce
was proclaimed' by sound of trumpet
throughout Paris. It was to commence
the _4.h of the preceding: month,, and' to
continue for nine years; and the mer*
chandise of both countries was to have
a free passage and entrance in and through-

202
out each of them, — and during this period,
every one had liberty to repossess his
landed property.
The king returned to St Denis, and
thence to Sauvigny near Montlehery.
to Malesherbes, to Orleans, Tours and
Amboise. On the 20th of November, a gentle
man called Regnault de Valoux, a native
of Poitou, and greatly in the confidence
of the count du Maine, was, by sentence
of the court of parliament, brought to
- Paris to be executed and quartered, for
having made many journies to divers
great lords of the realm, to induce them
to form conspiracies against the king, and
to the prejudice of the kingdom and the
public welfare. By orders of the court,
great attention was paid to the future
salvation of the soul of Regnault ; for the
curate of the Magdalen-church at Paris
a very able divine, and two learned clerks,
cordelier friars, were allowed him. His
members were hung on four of the gates
at Paris, and his body on the gibbet.

203

CFIAP. XX.
THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY DELIVERS THE
CONSTABLE, LOUIS DE LUXEMBOURG, IN
TO THE HANDS OF THE KING'S OFFICERS,
BY WHOM HE IS CARRIED PRISONER TO
THE BASTILE AT PARIS. — THE COUNT DE
ROUtSY IS CONDUCTED A PRISONER FROM
BURGES TO MONTILS LES TOURS.— THE
CONVERSATION .BETWEEN THE KING AND
£IM. — THE TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF
THE CONSTABLE AT PARIS. — SOME OF
THE OFFICERS IN THAT CITY ARE DIS
PLACED. — THE DUKE D'ALENCON DELI
VERED FROM THE LOUVRE. — A COUNCIL
ORDERED BY THE KING. — THE DUKE OF
BURGUNDY DEFEATED BY THE SWISS AT
GRANSON. — THE DUKE OF NEMOURS MADE
PRISONER AT'CARLAT, IN THE KING'S
FAME, BY THE LORD DE BEAUJEU. —
OTHER EVENTS IN THIS YEAR OF
MCCCCLXXV.
In one ofthe articles ofthe truce, between
the king pf France and the duke of Bur-

204
gundy, was a stipulation for the delivery
of the constable de St Pol into the hands
of the king's officers. This was complied
with by the duke ; and the constable was
given in charge to the lord' adhiiral bastard
of Bourbon, the lord de St Pierre, the
lord de Bouchaige, master Guillaume de
Cerisay, and 'others, by AArhom he was
carried prisoner to Paris. They led him
on the outside of the walls to the entrance
of the bastile from the fields; but as that
gate was closed, they took him to the
gate of St Anthony, and thence through
part of the town to that fortress.
The constable had on a short cloak
of camlet, lined with black Velvet, in which
he Avas Avrapped up, arid mounted ori a
small courser in fine condition. When
he dismounted, he was met in the court
of the bastile by the lord chancellor, the
first president of the court of parliament,
and all the other presidents and councellors
of that" court"; there was also sir Denis
Hesselin, master of the king's household,
to receive him. Those who escorted him
delivered him over to the care of Philip*
L'Huillier; governor' of the bastile:" but

205
the lord admiral, before their departure,
addressed the chancellor and the presidents,
in the presence of the constable, nearly
in the following Avords : ' My lords who
are here present, behold the lord de Saint
Pol, whom the king ordered me to de
mand from the duke of Burgundy, in
consequence of an article in the last
truce concluded between them, and who
performed his promise by delivering him
into my hands. I have taken every care
of him, and now surrender him up to you,
for you to proceed on his trial with as much
diligence as may be, — for this the king has
charged me to say to you.' After which,
the lord admiral quitted the bastile.
The constable being thus left in the
hands of his judges, they lost no time in
proceeding to his trial, and examined him
on the various charges laid against him.
To the interrogatories he made verbal
answers, as to the different points of his
imputed crimes, which were all put down
in writing, copied out fair, and sent to the
king. On the 4th of December, one of the
king's heralds, called Montjoye, a native

206
of Picardy, and who had resided mostly
with the count de St Pol, Avhile constable,
came to Paris with his son, to Avait on
master John de Ladriesche, president of
the chamber of accounts, and treasurer of
France, who was from the country of Bra
bant. He brought to him letters from the
count de Marie, his wife and children, to in
duce him to aid, with all his interest, the
coristable, father to the count de Marie.
The president refused to receive the
letters brought by the herald, except in
presence of the lord chancellor and the other
ministers of the king, — and, for this reason,
carried the herald to the chancellor, that
the letters might be opened and examined.
•But as John de Ladriesche remained long
in conference with the chancellor, the herald
and his son returned to their lodgings, and,
mounting their horses, set out for Bourget* ;
although they told their host to say, if
any one should inquire after them, that
they were gone to sleep at Bourg la Reine.
When John de Ladriesche had quitted the
chancellor, he sought Montjoye, to have
* Bourget, — within a league of Paris.

207
the letters, and, not finding him, sent for
him to Bourg la Reine, Avhere he had never
been; but two archers of Paris discovered
him at Bourget, and brought him and his
son back to Paris. They Avere carried to
the town-hall, and examined separately by
some of the king's council, and their de
positions Avere reduced to writing by sir
Denis Hesselin. They Avere then delivered
over to the care of Denis Baudart, an archer
of Paris, in whose house they Avere confined
twenty-five days, and strictly guarded by
three archers of Paris.
At the beginning of December, the
count de Roussy* was conducted, as a
prisoner of war from the great tower in
Bourges to Plessis du Pare, formerly called
Montils les Tours, where the king then re
sided. The king remonstrated sharply Avith
him on the foolish conduct he had long per
severed in, and the great and manifold out
rages he had done to his country and subjects
as marshal of Burgundy for the duke, and
^iow disgracefully he had been made pri-
* Count de Roussy, — Anthony of Luxembourg,
son to the constable.

208
soner, while bearing arms against his
sovereign, by the duke of Bourbon. The
count had pledged his word to the lord de
Combronde, from whom the duke of Bur
gundy had purchased him for twenty-two
thousand golden crowns. Of all this the
king reminded him, — and frightened him
so effectually that the count's blood ran
cold. At length, hoAvever, the king agreed
to his ransom, for forty thousand crowns, —
but only two months were allowed him for
the payment ; and he was assured, that on
his failure he would be put to death.
The trial of the constable now pro
ceeded rapidly before the chancellor, pre
sidents, and councellors of the court of
parliament, the lordde St Pierre, and others
nominated for the purpose. It was ordered
that on Tuesday the 19th of December,
the constable should appear before the par
liament, to hear his sentence read. On
Tuesday morning, the lord de St Pierre,.
who had the care of him, came into his
chamber, in the prison of the bastile, and
said, ' My lord, what are you abput? are
you asleep?' The constable replied, '..Oh

209
no! It is long since I have slept; but I
am amusing myself with thinking, and
other fancies.' St Pierre then said, that he
must rise to appear before the court of par
liament to answer some questions which'
the members Avanted to put to him, and
which could not be Avell done out of court.
In saying this, St Pierre added, that it had
been ordered that he should accompany him,
as Avell as sir Robert d'Estouteville, the
provost of Paris. This somewhat alarmed
the constable for two reasons, which he
then declared.
First, because he thought it Avas in-«
tended by this measure to take him from
under the guard of Philip L'Huillier, go
vernor ofthe bastile, by whom he had been
attentively treated, and place him in the ,
hands of d'Estouteville, whom he reputed
his enemy, and who, he thought, would
use him harshly ; and, secondly, he was
afraid of being insulted, should he pass
through the populace of Paris.
These alarms were removed by the
lord de St Pierre, who assured him, that it
was not intended to carry him to another
prison,-*-and he engaged. to convey him,
vol. xl. p

210
without insult, to the court of parliament.
On this he mounted his horse, and set out
from the bastile, and went to the palace of
justice riding between the lords de St Pierre
and d'Estouteville, who made him dismount
at the steps, opposite the Porte aux Merciers
in the court.
As he mounted the steps, he met the
lord de Gaucourt and Hesselin, who saluted
him, and bade him welcome. The constable
returned their salutes, and, when at the
top, was led to the ' tour criminelle' of
the court of parliament, where he found
the loi'd chancellor, AArho addressed him
nearly as folloAvs : — ' My lord of St Pol,
you have hitherto been reputed a knight
of the utmost courage and fortitude : since
that has been your character, you will now
have greater need to display it than ever.'
He then added, ' My lord, you must take
from your neck the collar ofthe king's order,
which you noAV wear.' The count replied,
that he Avould willingly do so, and applied
his hand to take it off his neck ; but as it
was fastened by a pin behind, he . desired
St Pierre to aid him, which he did. He
then kissed it, and delivered it to the chan-

211
ceilor. He was then asked by the chancel
lor for the sword which had been given him
When he was created constable : he replied,
that he had it not,— for when he was ar
rested, and carried to the bastile, every
thing was taken from him but what he now
appeared in. The chancellor held him
excused for not producing the SAVord, and
departed. Immediately after came master John
de Poupaincourt, one of the presidents of
the court of parliament, and spoke as
follows: — ' My lord, ypu knoAV, that, by
tlie king's orders, you have been confined
in the bastile for certain crimes that have
been laid to your charge. These crimes
have been inquired into, and you have been
heard, and you have put in your answers
and justification. But after long and ma
ture deliberations on the evidence on both
sides, I am to declare to you, that in the
judgement of the court, you have been
guilty of high treason, and, in consequence,
are sentenced to death by the said court,
without delay,— that is to say, you are to
be beheaded in the course of the day, in
front ofthe town-house of this city,— and
p 2

212.
all your effects, personal and real, are con
fiscated to the king's use, together with all
your lordships, and every sort of inheritance,
hereditary or acquired.'
This sentence greatly astonished him,
for he did not imagine that either the king
or the parliament would have adjudged him
to death ; and he said, ' Ah, Gpd be praised !
this is a very harsh sentence, — and I supr*
plicate and entreat that he Avould give me
the grace to acknowledge all his bounties
this day.' Then, turning to the lprd de St
Pierre, he said, ' This is contrary to all you
have before told me would happen.' He
Avas then transferred to four doctors in
divinity, one of whom was a cordelier friar,
called master John de Sordun, — another an
augustin monk,— the third, the grand pe
nitentiary of Paris, — and the fourth, master
John Hugh, rector of St Andre des Arts,
and dean of the faculty of theology in Paris.
He requested of them and ofthe chancellor,
that he might have the sacrament ad
ministered to him, which was not granted;
but he had a mass chaunted, Avith Avhich
he was forced to content himself. They
gave him holy water and holy bread, of

213
which he ate some, but never drank of any
thing from that time.
He remained with these his confessors
until one or two o'clock after midday, when
he descended from the palace, and mounted
his horse, to go to the town-house, where
the scaffolds were erected for his execution.
He was attended by the greffier and ushers
of the court of parliament,— and on his
arrival at the town-house, he dismounted,
and was conducted into the office, against
which a large scaffold had been placed,
from whence a gallery of Avood led to a
smaller scaffold, which was to be the place
of his execution. He made, during his
stay in the office, many pitiful lamentations
to his confessors, and dictated his last will,
urider the good pleasure of the king, to sir
Denis Hesselin, who wrote down his dis
positions*. Having staid in the office
until three o'clock, he advanced on the
scaffold, — and throwing himself on his knees,
with his face to the church of Notre Dame,
he was long at his prayers with much de-
* It was a codicil he now added to a will he had just
before made at Peronne. See the particulars of both,
and his trial, in the third volume of Comines,— Preuves.

214
votion and contrition ; during, which, master
John Sordun held a crucifix before him,
which he often kissed with the utmost re
verence, and crying bitterly. When his
prayers were ended, he rose up, arid one
called Petit Jean, son to Harry Cousin, the
chief executioner at Paris, came to him,
and, with a small cord, tied his hands,
which he most patiently suffered ; after
which, he led him further on to the small
scaffold, where he stopped and looked at the
chancellor, the lord de Gaucourt, the provost
of Paris, the lord de St Pierre, the graffier
civil of the parliament, sir Denis Hesselin,
and others the king's officers in great num
bers, praying for the king, and entreating
them to pray for his soul, — 'not,' as he said,
' if it should cost them any thing, and be
any way injurious to their interests.' He
then turned to the populace, and besought
them to pray for his salvation. Having
done this, he placed his two knees on a
small woolen cushion, having on it the arms
of the town, and moved it with one of his
feet more conveniently. His eyes were now
bandaged by Little John, Avhile he was
praying to God, talking to his confessors,

215
and earnestly kissing the cross. Little John
now took the sAvord, which Avas given to
him by his father, and instantly made his
head fly from his shoulders so expeditiously
that the body fell at the same time on the
scaffold with the head.
Little John took up the head, and,
having Avashed it in a pail of water placed
there for the purpose, fixed it on the rails of
the scaffold for the view of the spectators,
who amounted, as was thought,7 to more
than two hundred thousand persons. After
some little time, the body was stripped, and,
with the head, wrapped in a fine linen
cloth, and put in a Avooden coffin which
sir Denis Hesselin had caused to be pre
pared. A body of cordelier friars now
approached, to carry away the corpse, to
inter it in their church at Paris, — to whom
sir Denis Hesselin ordered forty torches to be
given, to convoy the body to their church,
where, on the morrow, a handsome funeral
service was performed. Another was also
celebrated in the church of Saint John
en Greve, where a grave had been dug,
on the supposition that his body would
have been there buried. Indeed, this

2\6
would have been the case, had not master
John Sordun told the constable, that a coun
tess de St Pol, had been buried in their
church which made it desirable that he
should be there interred likeAvise. This the
count assented to, and prayed his judges that
his body might be carried to the church
of the Cordeliers.
After the execution, the whole of
the crimes of the said constable, and the
sentence passed on him, were publicly
read in the court of parliament, with
open doors, Avhen divers enormous treasons
by him committed, were now divulged.
Among others, it was declared, that the
duke of Burgundy in conjunction Avith the
count de St Pol had sent ambassadors,
namely, sir Philip Bouton and sir Philip
Pot, knights, on the part of the duke,
with Hector de l'E cluse, on the part of
the constable to the duke of Bourbon,
to prevail on him to join them in arms
against the king, and abjure his allegiance
to him ; and although the lord de Fleurac
had told them, that their attempt was vairi,
for that the duke wrould rather die than
forfeit his loyalty, the said L'Ecluse

217
had again returned thither with informa
tion from the constable, that the English
were about invading France, and, with the
assistance of the duke of Burgundy and
the constable, would doubtless conquer the
kingdom. He strongly advised the duke
of Bourbon, that, to avoid the ruin that
must ensue to his towns and countrv,
he should join them as he would find
it most .profitable so to do, — for should any
misfortunes befal him after this notice, he
Avould have himself solely to blame for
them. The duke of Bourbon replied to
L'Ecluse,? that he, should not follow his
advice,— for, that he Aypuld rather die, with
the loss pf all he possessed, and be re
duced to the poverty of Job, than con
sent, in art or part, to any thing that
should be to the .prejudice of the king
or his kingdom. Hector, therefore, went
back again as unsuccessful as before.
The duke of Bourbon had, during
these negotiations, transmitted the constable
sealed proposals to the king, which clearly
discovered the constable's treason ,in this
instance, and also in others which he had
confessed on his trials The examinations

218
were all read, — but as they were of great
length, I omit them for the sake of
brevity. After the constable had confessed him
self, and was preparing to mount the
scaffold, he told his confessors, that he
had sewed up in his doublet seventy
half-crowns of gold, which he took out
and gave to the Cordelier, to be distributed
in charity from his love to God and for
the ease of his conscience. The Cordelier
replied, that they would be well employed
if distributed among the poor novices of
of his convent : the Augustin said the same.
In order to satisfy them, he desired that
they would divide the sum among them
selves, and make such distribution in cha
rities as their consciences should approve
of. He then took a gold ring set with a
diamond from his finger, and, giving it to
the penitentiary, desired that he would
offer it to the image of the virgin Mary,
and place it on her finger, which he pro
mised to perform. Addressing himself to
master John Sordun, he said, ' Reverend
father, here is a stone that I have long
worn round my neck, and which I loved

21£
much for its virtue of preserving the
wearer from all poison and pestilence, —
which stone I beg of you to bear to
my young son, to whom you will say,
that I entreat he will be careful of it,
out of love to me.' The friar promised
to obey his wishes.
After his execution, the chancellor
demanded of the four confessors if he
had given them any thing ; and they in
formed him of the half-crowns, the ring,
and the stone. The chancellor said, that,
in regard to the half-crowns and the ring,
they must obey the injunctions of the
deceased; but as to the stone, it must
be delivered to the king, for him to do
with it according to his pleasure. In con
sequence of the execution of the constable
the following short epitaph was made:
' Mille quatre cens l'annee de Grace
Soixante quinze, en la grande place,
A Paris, que Ton nomme Greve,.
L'an que fut fait aux Anglois treve,
De Decembre le dix-neuf,
Sur un echauffaut fait de neuf.

220
' Fut amene le connetable,
Accompagnie grand et notable,
Comme le veut Dieu et raison,
Pour sa grande trahison :
Et la il fut decapit6,
En cette tres noble cit6.'
On Saturday, the 23d of December,
an edict was published at Paris, by sound
of trumpet, to notify the displacing of the
master and officers of the mint, and the
causes for the same, In their places, the
king appointed only four persons, namely,
sir Germain de Merle, Nicholas Potier,
Denis le Breton, and Simon Ausoran. It
was ordered by this edict, that the crowns
of gold bearing the stamp of the king,
and Avhich had been current for twenty-fogr
sols parisis three deniers tournois ; should
be current for thirty- five unzains, equiva
lent to twenty-five sols eight deniers parisis ;
and that the other crowns that were marked
with a crescent instead of a croAvn, should
pass for thirty-six unzains, worth twenty-
six sols six deniers parisis, — and the new
twelve-penny pieces were to pass for tAvelve
.pennies tournois.

221
This day, by permission from the kin£
the remains of Regnault Veloux, Avho
had been executed for treason, were col
lected together, — his body from the gib
bet of Montfaucon and his head from the
lance to which it had been affixed, front
ing the town-house, — and carried to the
church of the Cordeliers for interment,
where a handsome funeral service was
performed for the salvation of his. soul,
all at the cost and expenses of the
friends and relatives of the late Regnault
Veloux. On St Stephen's day, in this year
there appeared before the town-house in.
Paris a lombard knight, called sir Boufille,,
who had been challenged to mortal com
bat on foot by an arragonian knight, but
who had failed to keep his engagement
on the day appointed for the combat.
To obtain such damages as in reason he
ought to have, the said Boufille had come
before the count de Dammartin, whom
the king had nominated judge to decide
the differences between them. Boufille
appeared in full armour, with his battle-axe
on his wrist ready for the combat, and
was preceded bv his banner and three

222
trumpets, followed by many servants, one
ofAvhom bore another battle-axe. After
he had stated his case, and made his
appeal to the count de Dammartin, he
retired to his lodgings at the sign of the
Great Cup, near to the town-house.
Sunday "the 28th of December, the
duke of Alencon, who had long been con
fined in the prisons of the Louvre, was,
by orders from the king, taken thence
about six in the evening, to be lodged
in any private house that should be by
his guards thought sufficiently secure. Sir
Denis Hesselin, Jacques Hesselin his
brother, and sir John de Harlay, com
mander of the night-guard of Paris, were
appointed to conduct him ; Avhich they
did, to the house of the late Michael
L'Huillier, whither he was preceded by
four lighted torches,
In the month of January following,
the king caused proclamation to be made
in Paris, that, whereas, from long anti
quity, the kings of France had been al
lowed by the different popes to assemble
every five years, the prelates of France
for the reformation of the church; and
whereas this had been neglected for some

223
years, the king, desirous to guard and
preserve the rights of the gallican church,
noAv ordered a council of the prelates
and churchmen to be holden at Lyon,
or in some town near; and for this pur
pose the king commanded all archbishops,
bishops, and other dignitaries, to be re
sident in their several dioceses, that they
might be in readiness to attend this coun
cil at whatever place it should be ap
pointed to be holden, under pain of having
all their temporal property seized on by
the king, should they fail of obeying this
edict as to their residence, within six
months after the proclamation of the said
edict. Another proclamation followed the
above, stating, that whereas the king, to
ansAver some urgent demands respecting
the public welfare, had ordered a crown
to be paid for every pipe of wine that
was exported and that all other provision,
was to pay in proportion, which taxes
had for some time been neglected to be
raised: he therefore ordered the tax of
a crown to be paid from one extremity
of the kingdom to the other, on every

224
pipe of Avine exported, ,but that the taxes
on other provisiori; were to cease and
be annulled. Mastefli Laurence Herbelot,
king's counsellor, and Denis Chevalier,
formerly notary to the Chatelet, Avere ap^
pointed to collect this tax, — although the
king had, a little before, nominated master
Pierre Jouvelin inspector of accounts, who.
was noAv displaced by this new appoint
ment. In the month of February, the king
left Tours and Amboise for the Bour-
bonnois and Auvergne. He there per
formed a nine-days devotion at; the church
of our Lady- at Puy, and afterwards went
into the Lyonnbis and Dauphiny. During
his stay at Puy, he received intelligence
that the Swiss had met the duke of Bur
gundy and his army as they wTere on
their march to enter Swisserland, and
had defeated him Avith the loss of sixteen
or eighteen thousand men, and taken all
his artillery. It was thus told:— When the duke
of Burgundy had won the toAvn of Gran-
son, he marched his army along the
lake of Neufchatel, toward Fribourg, and

225
found . means to gain two castjes at th$
entrance of Swisserla.id. Trie Swis^ though
informed of this as well as of the capture
of Granson, kept adya.ici is;' to meet him,
and, on the Friday preceding the first
Sunday in Lent, surjxranded these castles
so effectually that none could come out.
They posted two ambuscades in a small
wood hard by, and near to the main
body of the Burgundians. On the mor
row very early,, the duke began his march
with the artillery ; hut he had no sooner
passed the ambuscades than the Swiss,
who did not amount to 'more than six
thousand infantry armed with cuiverinsi,
began to fire with such success on the
enepiy that the duke's van, panicstruck,
took to flight with very great loss*. The
Swiss charged the main bodv, which fled
alsp ; and the duke himself escaped with
great difficulty, attended by only four per
sons : he never stopped, but often looked
behind him, unt 1 he came to Joign£,
which was eight country leagues from the
* Comines says, that he lpst but seven men
at arms. Louis de Chalons, lord of Ch&teau Guypn,,
was the only man of note killed.
vol. xi. a

226
place of his defeat, and equal to sixteen
leagues of pretty France, which may God
preserve and guard ! The duke lost the
greater part of his best captains, — and
there was great slaughter among the Bur
gundians. After this disgraceful flight,
and after the Swiss had taken all his
artillery, plate, and baggage*, they won
* The spoils of the duke greatly enriched the
poor Swiss, and would have been of more advantagfe
had they known the value of the prize. They sold
his silver plates and dishes for pewter. The largest
diamond then in the world, having an immense
pearl fastened to it, was picked up by a Swiss,
replaced in its case, and thrown under a cart, and
aold afterward to a priest for a florin, who again
resold it for three francs. This diamond was, for
some time, the first in the crown of France : it is
now the second, and known under the name of
Sanci, from having been last in the possession of
Nicholas de Harlai, lord of Sanci, celebrated in the
reigns of Henry III, Henry IV. Sanci bought it of
don Antonio, prior of Crato, who died at Paris, and his
pretensions to the crown of Portugal with him.
Varillas in his Hist, of Henry III. makes a fine
"but false story of this diamond.— — ComiNes.
It used to be said that this diamond was called
€tnt*six, from weighing 106 carats. I believe the
emperor Napoleon has it attached to his sword.

,227
the two castles, and hanged all the Bur
gundians within them. They also regained
the toAvn of Gransoh, and took down
from the gibbets the Swiss and Germans,
to the number of five hundred and twelve,
W;hom the duke had caused to be hanged,
and buried them. At the same time,
they seized on an equal number of Bur
gundians then in Granson, and tied them
up with the same ropes, and at the same
places where the Germans and Swiss had
been hanged.
The king, during the month of March
had sent the lord of Beaujeu to besiege
the duke of Nemours, in the town of
Carlat in Auvergne, Avith a considerable
force and a large train of artillery. The
duke surrendered himself into the hands
of the lord of Beaujeu, who conducted
him to the king then in Dauphiny,—
whence he was, by the king's orders,
carried prisoner to the castle of Vienne.
During the siege of Carlat, the duchess
of Nemours, daughter to Charles d' Anjou
duke of Maine, was brought to bed iri
the castle, — but whether from vexation.
at the situation of her husband's affairs,
o 2

228
or from illness in childbirth, she died: it
was a pity, for she was a good and honour
able lady. The duke was afterwards re
moved from the castle of Vienne to Pierre-
en-cise, near Lyon.
In the month of April, the count de
Campo Basso*, a Lombard or Milanese,
who had the command of two hundred
lombard lances at the siege of Nuys, arid
had also been with the duke at the de
feat at Granson, left the duke of Bur
gundy, and went to Brittany, claiming
* Count de Campo Basso. 'Every author who
mentions him calls him by this name ; but his true
one was Nicholas de Montfort. He prqb^bly de
scended from some lord of the house of Montfort
l'Amaury, several of whom, established themsg^yes
in the kingdom of Naples, and took the tnje of
Campo Basso from lands situated in the province
of Molissa of that kingdom. Cifron, a_aitre d'h&tel
to the duke of Lorraine, when made prisoner
by the duke of Burgundy, who caused him to be
hanged, would have told liim of the intended trea^
chery of Campo Basso, but he would not hear him.
toiiisXI. informed him that Campo Basso was a
traitor ; but he refused tp believe it, thinking it only
a uevice of the king to gain Cawpp Basso to his
service.'  -Comines.

229
relationship with that duke, under pre*
tence of going on a pilgrimage to the
shrine of Saint James in Gallicia. The
duke of Brittaiiy received him' well, and
made him handsome presents in money.
Camrio Basso published abroad, that the
duke of Burgundy was cruel and inhu
man, — that, all his enterprises would prove
abortive,^ — and that he was only losing
time; people, and money by his foolish
obstinacy.

2$0
[a, d. 1476.]
CHAP. XXI.
THE DUKE* OF BURGUNDY BORROWS MONEY
TO RAISE FORCES TO RETALIATE ON THE
"SWISS FOR HIS LATE ILL SUCCESS. — THE
ARRIVAL OF THE KING OF SICILY AT
LYON, WHERE THE KING OF FRANCE
THEN WAS.— WHAT PASSED BETWEEN
THEM. — OF THE SENESCHAL OF NORMAN
DY, WHO MURDERED HIS WIFE AND HIS
HUNTSMAN FOR ADULTERY. — THE DUKE
OF LORRAINE OPPOSES THE DUKE OF BUR
GUNDY AT MORAT IN SWISSERLAND, AND
' IN THE COUNTY OF ROMONT*! — THE KING
OF FRANCE MAKES SEVERAL PILGRIMAGES.
— THE DUKE OF LORRAINE RECOVERS THE
TOWN OF NANCY. — THE KING OF PORTU
GAL ARRIVES IN FRANCE. — OTHER EVENTS
THAT TOOK PLACE IN THE YEAR ABOVE
MENTIONED.
In the month of May, in this year, the
duke of Burgundy, smarting from the
*. ftomont, — a town of Swisserland, in the canton
ef Fribourg, and capital of an extensive bailiwick,.
which was formerly a county.

231
defeat at Granson, was more eager than
ever to be revenged on the Swiss and
Germans, and determined to lay siege
to the town of Strasbourg; but this he
was unable to do without reinforcements
of men, and without obtaining a loan of
money from his different towns. To sue-'
ceed in this business, he dispatched his.
chancellor, master William Gounet, and
pther delegates to the number of twelve,;
to the principal towns under his govern
ment, to relate to ihem his distress from
the defeat at Granson, and to express
his determination to be revenged on the
Swiss, which induced him to apply to
them for money and men. He wanted
them to advance him a sixth part of their
property, and six men each town, one
of whom was to be equipped in armour.
The towns in Ghent, Bruges, Brussels,
Lille, and the estates of Flanders, replied
to this application from the delegates,
that in regard to the duke of Burgundy,
whom they considered as their natural
lord, if he were hardly oppressed by the
Germans, or had not a sufficiency of
men to return to his own country in

safety, they Avould e_tpo_e their lives and
fortunes in the bringing of him home';
but in respect to continuing the war, they
had resolved not to afford him any further
assistance in meri or money.
In this interval, the- king of France
had rriade Lyon his chief residence, making
gbod cheer ; and thither came to him
his uncle the king of Sicily, to whom
he gate a cordial reception on his ar
rival, carrying him to see the fair and
the handsome citizens' wives and daughters
of Lyon. Thither also came a cardinal,
nephew to the pope, who had committed
sbme outrages against the king at Avignon,
and- also against the archbishop of Lyon
legate from the pope. The cardinal Avait-
ed some time for an audience, — 'but at
length %he di&pntes between him, the king;
and the archbishop* Were amicably settled.
At the same time, the king of Sicily
entered into-- engagements- with the king,
that the county of Provence after his de
cease, should revert, with all its fights
and privileges*.' to the king, anti b_r
united for ever to the cit>ww. fi& ^re»-!
tii_n for' this, queen Margate of Eng*-

233
land daughter to the king of Sicily, and
Widow of Henry VI. was released front.
her imprisonment by the king of France
who> paid king Edward fifty thousand
golden crowns for her ransom. In con
sequence, queen Margaret joined in the
cession of the county of Provence to the
king after her father's death, on having
a sufficient pension Secured to her an
nually for her life.
On the 13th day of June, the senes
chal of Normandy, count of Maulevrier,
and son to the late sir Pierre de Breuey
killed- at the battle of Montlehepyv went
to the village of Romiers, near Dourdan,
which befonged to hin_i- for the sake of
hunting. He took with him his lady, the";
princess Chstvlotte pf France, nattiiai
daughter of tlie late king Charles Vii. i_fy
Agnes Soreli AfteP the chaos,, whetothiief
were returnee" to* Ro___ier_.< to sup m4 -SHife*
the seneschal'reffired to asiiigle-bedde^SOoflii
fop* the night. His lady retired afeb V&
another chamber, — when, moA^ed by hW
cijeitleriy p_tB_d__s-(a_i to husband said), she
called* fto'he. a gentleman frbM> Poitou^
mMid&Pkm de la Vei^ae, wh& was- ttegd

234
huntsman to the seneschal, and made him
lie with her. This was told to the seneschal
by the master of his household, called Pierre
TApothicaire ; when he instantly arose, and,
taking his sword, broke open the door of
the chamber where his lady and the hunts
man were in bed . The huntsman started up in
his shirt, — and the seneschal gave, him first
a severe blow with his sword on the head,
and then thrust it through his body, and
killed him on the spot. This done, he
went into an adjoining room where his
children lay ; and, finding his wife hid un
der the coverlid o'f their, bed, dragged her
thence, by the arms, along the ground,
and struck her between the shoulders with
his sword. On her raising herself on her
knees, he ran his sword through her breast,
and she fell down dead. He sent her body
for interment to the abbey of Coulons,
where fcer obsequies were perrarmed, — and
he caused the huntsman to be buried in
tbie .gayden of the house wherein he had
been killed.
While the king was at Lyon, he kept
ajarge army, ready for any event, in that
neighbourhood, — and there heard that the

235
duke of Lorraine had joined the Swiss,
Berners, and Germans, in their opposition
to the duke of Burgundy, Avho, in his mad
ness and folly, had again entered Swisser-
land. He had with him a considerable
train of artillery, and a great number of
merchants, who, bringing provisioris, fol
lowed the army, that was encamped before
a little town in Swisserland, called Morat,
with the intent to besiege it.
On the 22nd day of June, very early
in the morning, the duke of Lorraine made
an attack on the duke's van, and defeated
the whole of it. This van consisted of
more than twelve thousand combatants,
and was under the command of the count
de Romont*, who, in great haste, found
means to escape with eleven others.
The Swiss that were in Morat now
joined the troops of the duke of Lorraine,
forced the camp of the Burgundians, and
put to death all they met Avithout mer-
cy-js The duke of Burgundy was glad
* Count de Romont. Jacques de Savoye count
de Romont, baron de Vaux, son to Louis duke de
Savoye and Anne of Cyprus.
f In an open building at Morat, the blanched

&36
to retreat with the few of his army who
had escaped this general slaughter, and
again fled, frequently looking behind him
to Joigne, which was distant fifteen or twen
ty french leagues from the field of battle.
He again lost all his baggage, which con
sisted of his plate, tapestries, and number
less valuables.. The Swiss and Germans, in
consideration of the great services the duke
of Lorraine had done them, presented him
with all the burgundian artillery that had
been taken, to make him amends for his
artillery which the duke of Burgundy had
Garried off from Nancyf when he had storm
ed that town.
According to the accounts of the he
ralds and pursuivants who examined the
field of battle, there Avere twenty thousand
seven hundred men slain- this day, as well
withiri-as' without .the encampment. » ,
The Swiss pursued the Burgundians
after the defeat, and slew,, many on ..their
flight to Joigpe,— and set,, fire to and de
stroyed the whole ofthe county of Romont,
'¦ • " ¦' . '¦ ¦'• .:•.:.¦;.' mii.:)
bdh__ of thi. Burgundians _kih a.* .hisbattl«<are nww
shown. -• J ' ' ¦

and put to death without mercy all who
fell into their hands.
When this business was done, the
duke of Lorraine withdrew to Strasbourg,
and departed thence with four thousand
combatants, to lay siege to his toAvn of
Nancy, in which were from a thousand
to twelve hundred men in garrison for the
duke of Burgundy. Having formed his
siege, he went into Swisserland, and re
turned thither with a strong reinforcement
of men. The king, having made a long stay at
Lypn, went to JPlessis les Tours, to the
queen and dauphin, and remained there
some time. He thence made a pilgrimage
to the church of our Lady, of Behuart,
to offer up his thanksgivings that his affairs
had prospered so well during his stay at
Lyon. He sent also many rich gifts to
churches wherein the holy Virgin was
j_aj*i<?ula_iy worshipped. Among others, he
gave two hundred golden crowns to the chu rch
of our Lady at Ardembourg in Flanders.
On his return from "Lynn, he was accompa
nied by two dames of that .town as far as
Orleans : ©ne was called La Gigonne, who

238
had been married to a merchant of Lyon,
— the other was named La Passefillon, wife
to another merchant of the same place
called Anthony Bourcier. The king, in
order to do honour to these two women,
made them very handsome presents, — and
married La Gigonne to a young Parisian,
named Geoffry de Caulers, to whom he
gave money and offices. The husband of
La Passefillon he appointed counsellor in
the chamber of accounts at Paris, in the
room of master John Reilhac, whom, for
this purpose, he displaced. On leaving
Orleans, he put these women under the pro
tection of Isabeau de Caulers, wife to mas
ter Philip le Begue, examiner of accounts
in the exchequer at Paris, to conduct them
to that city.
The king went from Orleans to Am
boise and Tours, where the queen and the
dauphin Avere, and thence on a pilgrimage
to our Lady of Behuart, and other places
of devotion, and then returned again to
Plessis les Tours.
When the town of Nancy had been
some time besieged by the duke of Lor
raine, it was surrendered to him on ca-

239
pitulation, that the Burgundians should
march away in safety with their baggage.
It was not more than a month after the duke
of Lorraine had revictualled and regarrison-
ed Nancy, before the duke of Burgundy,
who, on his defeat at Morat, had retreated
to the toAvn of Rivieres, near Salines, in
Burgundy, where he had assembled as
large a force as he Avas able, appeared be
fore it, to besiege it in his turn. The duke
of Lorraine, in the ^ mean time, had gone
into Swisserland, to collect a sufficiency ,
of troops to succour Nancy, and to raise
the siege. About this period, the king of Portu
gal, who laid claim to the crown of Spain
in right of his queen, left Portugal, and
came to Lyon, and thence to Tours, to
solicit the aid of the king in the recovery
of his lawful rights. He was kindly re
ceived by the king, and remained some
time at Tours, where he was handsomely
feasted by many of the nobles, but all at
the king's expense. On leaving the kin^,
he went to Orleans, where he was well re
ceived, and thence came to Paris,., and
made his public entry. ¦->!¦- *y-

no
He arrived on Saturday, the £3d of
Kovembeis between two and three in the
afternoon* at the gate of St Jacques ; but
the different ranks in Paris went put to
meet him as far as the windmill, dressed
in their holyday clothes, and in the same
manner as if he had been king of France.
The provost of marohands and the sheriffs,
issued out first, dressed in rohes of cloth
sand white and red damask, trimmed with
martin skins : they Avere accompanied by
the burghers and officers of the town.
After them came sir Robert d'Estouteville,
provost of Paris, attended by his lieute
nants, civjl and criminal, the king's coun
sellors, and practitioners at the Chatelet,
who were very numerous, and decently
drejssed. Then came the lord chancellor
d'Oriole, the presidents and counsellors of
the court '.of parliament and of the exche
quer, and the 6mcer,s of the mint and of
£jbe tHaasury, followed by numbers of pre
lates, aBchbishops, bishops, and other no-
fele persons. Thus attended, the king of Portugal
'mfoered the gate of St Jacques, where he
again met the provost of marchaaods and

241
the sheriffs, who presented him with a
very handsome canopy, emblazoned at
each corner with his royal arms, and in
the center with the arms of Spain. Having
this canopy supported over him, he was
Conducted to the church of St Estienne
des Grecs, where he found the rectors of
the university, who harangued him on his
welcome to Paris. He then advanced tp
the church of Notre Dame, and was there
received most honourably by the bishop.
Having finished his prayers, he proceeded
across the bridge of Notre Dame, and was
met at the entrance of Marchepalu by fifty
lighted torches, that placed themselves
around the canopy. At the end of the
bridge of Notre Dame, a large scaffold
was raised against the house of a mantua-
maker, named Motin, on which was re
presented a pageant, allusive to his arrival
at Paris ; and then he was conducted to
his lodgings, at the ho^se of master Lau-
renee Herbefot, in the rue des Prouvaires,
wh«re he was well received.
Many rich presents were made him,
as well by the city as by other persons, —
and he Was carried to see all that was re-
VOL. XI. R

242
markable at Paris and in its neighbourhood..
He was first taken to the court of parlia
ment, which was very resplendent, — for
all the chambers were adorned and hung
with tapestries. In the great chamber, he
was met by the lord chancellor d' Oriole,
the presidents, prelates, and counsellors,
handsomely dressed; and a eause was
pleaded before him, touching the patronage
of the crown, by master Francois Hasle,
archdeacon of Paris, and the attorney-ge-;
neral, who were opposed by master Pierre
de Brabant, advocate in that court, and the
curate of St Eustache. The pleadings of
the tAvo advocates were very eloquent and
pleasant to hear ; after Avhich, he was
shown the different chambers and apart
ments of the court.
On another day, he was carried to the
hall in the bishop's palace, to be present
at a theological disputation ; and thence
he went to see the prisons and court of the
Chatelet,, which was likewise hung with ta
pestry, — and all the officers of the court
were dressed each in his official robe.
Sunday, the first of December, all the
members of the university passed in pro^

243
Cession under the windows of his lodgings,
to attend high mass at the church of St
Germain l'Auxerrois, In his different yisits,
he was always attended by the lord de
Gaucourt, who gave him, at his hotel, a mag
nificently rich supper, to which was invited
a very numerous company of both sexes.
In the month of October, it was dis
covered, at Tours, that a person called
Jeanbon, a native of Wales, who had a
handsome pension from the king, and who
was married to a woman from Mantes with
a good fortune, had conspired, at the soli
citation of the duke of Burgundy (as he
himself had confessed), to poison the dau^
phin of France. For this crime, he was
condemned, by the provost of the king's
household, to be beheaded, At the place
of execution, he was asked if he wished
to say any thing more; he replied, No
thing, except that he hoped the king would be
pleased to have compassion on his wife
and children. The prisoner was then told,
that he might have the choice of being
beheaded or of having his eyes put out.
He chose the last ; and it was done by the
provost, who then gave him up to his wife,
B 2

24*
—and the king ordered that his pension
should be continued in her name.

CHAP. XXII-
THE DUKE OF MILAN IS MURDERED. — THE
TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF THE BURGUN
DIAN ARMY, AND DEATH OF THE DUKE
OF BURGUNDY, BY THE VICTORIOUS
DUKE OF LORRAINE, BEFORE NANCY. —
THE REDUCTION OF THE COUNTRIES AND
TOWNS THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY HAD
USURPED FROM FRANCE, SUCH AS ARRAS,
HESDIN, &C. — SEVERAL BEHEADED IN
ARRAS, CAMBRAY, AND IN OTHER TOWNS.
In the month of December, and during
the feasts of Christmas, the duke of Milan*
Avas unfortunately assassinated by a gentle-
* Duke of Milan, — Galeas Maria Sforza. Having
indulged his illicit passions at the cost of the most
respectable houses in Florence, two injured noblemen,
Lampognano and Visconti, assassinated him. His
infant son was placed under the guardianship pf
Ludovico Sforza, surnamed the Moor, who seized
the dukedom for himself. Andrews.

U5
man of that country. He had accosted
him in the great church of Milan, under
pretence of speaking with him, while he
was walking there with a foreign ambassa
dor, and had thrust his knife through the
slashes of his robe, three or four times, into
his loAver belly — so that he fell down in
stantly dead, without saying a word. The
cause of this action was, that the gentle
man, his relatives and friends had employed
all their money to purchase a vacant abbey
for one of their kindred,-^and the duke
had deprived him of it, to bestow it ori
another, and would not suffer their relative
by any means to enjoy it. The gentleman,
having made many fruitless requests to the
duke on this business, determined to put
him to death, which he did as above re
lated. (
Had this gentleman failed, he had a
companion bent on the same business, who
would have killed the duke of Milan, be
cause he had detained his wife as a mis
tress against her inclinations. By the
judges and nobles of Milan, it was resolved
that the whole of the families of these two
persons* males and females, Should be put

to death, wherever they should be found,
- their habitations demolished, and razed
to the ground, — all their possessions de
stroyed,— and even their trees bearing
fruit should be pulled up bv their roots ;
and this sentence was carried into execu
tion! In the month of December, the lady
Agnes of Bourbon departed this life, at
the castle of Moulins, in the Bourbonnois.
She was the widow of the late prince Charles
duke of Bourbon and of Auvergne, by
whom he had a noble issue, as well males as
females, — namely, the present noble prince
John duke of Bourbonnois and Auvergne,
who married the most excellent princess
Jeanne of France, eldest daughter to the
late king Charles of France ; Louis lord of
Beaujeu, who died young ; Charles arch
bishop of Lyon, primate of France and
cardinal of Bourbon ; Pierre lord of Beau
jeu, married to the eldest daughter of the
present king of France ; the prince bishop
of Liege ; the lord James who died at
Bruges ; the lady Jeanne, married to the
prince of Orange lord of Arlay ; the lady
Margaret, married to Philip of Savoy lord

247
ofBresse*. The defunct lady had long
lived a holy life, and her loss was much
regretted and bewailed by her children, fa
mily and friends, and by all the inhabitants
of the Bourbonnois and Auvergne, — and
may her soul be blessed! Her remains
were interred in the church of Souvigny.
- The duke of Burgundy, as before re
lated, had marched to besiege the town of
Nancy, and had reduced it to such distress,
by famine, that negotiations were opened
for its capitulation. But on the eve of Epi
phany, the duke of Lorraine arrived with
twelve or fourteen thousand SAyiss arid Ger
mans to raise the siege, combat the Bur
gundians, and secure Nancy.
Four days before his arrival, which
was on the 5th of January, the count of
Campo Basso, the lord Ange, and the lord
de Montfort, quitted the duke of Burgun
dy, and abandoned his camp, — and, prior
to the battle, the count of Campo Basso
carried away with him full nine score men
at arms. On the Saturday following, the
other two captains, before named, took
* He was afterwards duke of Savoy.

348
with them six score men at arms, Who were
all resolved to turrl to the french party,—
but this was kept secret on afcCount O'f the
existing truce ; and it Was ordered, by thdse
to whom they had addressed thfctoseltel,
that, for the present, they should march
into Lorraine. This was done, with the
exception of a party which remained for the
guard of Cond6 *, on the Moselle, through
which place all the provisions fbr the Bur
gundian army passed, from the vale of Met_s
and the country of Luxembourg.
The count of Campo Basso f joined
the duke of Lorraine, and informed hirn
minutely of the exact state of the burgun
dian force. On this day, the 4th of- Janu
ary, the duke of Lorraine arrived at St
Nicholas de Varangevillewith his reinforce
ment of Swiss, who amounted, from an
account taken, to ten thousand five hun
dred. Of Germans, there were also many,
beside Lorrairiers and other fighting men.
On Sunday, the 5th, the duke of Lor*
* Conde, — within two leagues of Nancy.
f Campo Basso, when near to St Nicholas, threw
off the red scarf, (the badge of the Burgundians) arid
surrendered himself tb the duke of Lorraine.

249
raine dislodged, about eight in the moftiing,
and marched the Swiss to Neuville, arid be
yond a pond, when they formed their army
in array. The Swiss were formed in two
divisions ; the one commanded by the
count d' Abstain and tbe governors of Fri-
bourg and Zurich,-— the other, by the go
vernors of Berne and Lucerne. About
midday, the whole began to advance,— one
division along the river side, and the other
on tho great road leading from Neuville to
Nancy, The duke of Burgundy had already
drawn up his army in battle-array without
his camp, having iri front a rivulet that was
by trie hospital called La Magonne, between
two strong hedges, and between hitti
and the Swiss, On the great road by
which the other divi_ion of the Swiss Was
advancing, he had posted the main body of
hi. artillery. Thus, as the two divisions of
the Swiss were advancing, the Bufgundtans
fired on them when within cross- bowshot,
and did them some mischief; but that divi
sion which ,bad taken the main road, wheel
ing thfough a small Wood, fell Oft the duke
of Bufgtifidy's flank.

250
While this was passing, the duke or
dered his archers, who were on foot, to
wheel and front the Swiss, and formed
two Avings of his men at arms to give them
battle, — one wing under the command of
Jacques Galiot, an italian captain, and the
other under sir Josse de Lalain, high bailiff
of Flanders. When the Swiss found them
selves on the duke's flank, and on higher
ground, they made as desperate a charge as
ever men made, discharging, on their ad
vance, their portable culverins. This dis
charge (which was not like a tax-gatherer's)
threw the duke's army into confusion, and
was followed by their flight.
This division of Swiss now attacked
the wing commanded by Jacques Galiot,
and defeated it instantly. The other wing,
under sir Josse de Lalain, had advanced
on the Swiss, but were so courageously re
ceived that the infantry were soon put to
flight, and followed by the cavalry as fast
as spurs could make them. They made for
the bridge of Bridores, half a league from
Nancy, and on the road to Thionville and
Luxembourg. But here their hopes of
passing were destroyed by the treachery of

251
Campo Basso, who had barricaded the
passage of this bridge with carts and wag
gons, and was Avith his men drawn up under
arms on the opposite side ; so that when the
Burgundians were thus checked and over
taken by the Lorrainers, who followed at their
heels, they Avere forced to attempt fording
the river, — and there the slaughter was much
more than on the field of battle, for such
as attempted to pass the river were either
killed by the Swiss or drowned: very few
escaped death, or being made prisoners.
Some, on noticing this ambuscade of
Campo Basso, fled to the woods : but they
were pursued by the peasants, — and for
four leagues round nothing was to be seen
but dead bodies. The pursuit after the Bur
gundians lasted during two hours after
nightfall; and the duke of Lorraine in
quired, on all sides, what was become of
the duke of Burgundy ; whether he had
fled, was slain, or made prisoner: but at
that moment no one could answer his
questions. The duke of Lorraine, on this,
dispatched a confidential servant to John
Dais, town-clerk of Metz, to learn if the
duke of Burgundy had passed through that

252
town ; and on the morroAv, John Dais sertt
for ansAver, that assuredly he had not passed
that way, —and that no one knew what was
become of him, for he had not taken the
road to Luxembourg.
On the morrow, Epiphany-day; the
count of Campo Basso brought to the duke of
Lorraine a page, who had been made prisoner,
named Baptiute, a native of Rome, and of
the Colonna family, in the employ ofthe
count de Chalon a Neapolitan, who was
with the duke of Burgundy. On being
interrogated, the page led a large company of
Lorrainers to the place where the duke of
Burgundy lay dead*, arid naked, with
fourteen others in the same state, but at
* UBderfieath are two epitaphs made on tbe duke
of Burgundy, taken from Heuterus, historian of ihe
Low Countries, and Teschenmacher, in his history of
Aleves. • i i.
* Te pacis piguit, te txduit atque quietis,
Carole, sicquejaces? jamque quiesce tibi.'
' Te1 pigtiif pacis, feduitqne quietis, in ufna
Morttr. jam Garble, litis amieejafce.
/Ethera num p&reaat tibi, Vel descensus averni,
Solicitus nee era., mc neque cura prcmit.'

253
spme distance frpm each other. The duke
had received a blow from a halbert on the
side of his head, above the ear, which had
pierced to his jaAV : a pike had been thrust
through his thighs, and another pike had
passed through his fundament. This body
was knowu to be the duke's from six marks;
the first, and principal, Avas the loss of all
his upper teeth, vvhich had been caused by
a fall : the second, by the scar of a wound
that he had received Ori the right side of
his throat at the battle of Montlehery ; the
third, by his long najls, Avhich he wore of
a greater length than any other person of
his court : the fourth, by a scar of a car
buncle, Avhich he had formerly had on his
shoulder : the fifth, hy an ulcer at the lower
part of his belly, on the right groin, — and,
sixthly, by a nail that was wanting to one
of' his. toes. By all these marks, he was
acknowledged to be the duke of Burgundy
by his own physician, a Portuguese,
named MattbJeu, and algo by the grooms
of his bed chamber, the great bastard of
Burgundy, sir Olivier de la Marche, his
chaplain, awd others of his court, prisoners
to the duke of Lorraine.
< rf...

254
The body having been so clearly as
certained to be that of the duke of Burgun
dy, it was carried into Nancy, Avashed
and cleaned, and then placed on a table,
and dressed in a vesture of cloth from the
neck to the feet, Avith a pall of black velvet
over the body, in a dark chamber hung with
black velvet. Under his head was a pillow
of black velvet; and at the four corners of
the table were large lighted tapers, with the
Crucifix and holy water at his feet.
While he lay in this state, the duke
of Lorraine came to see him, dressed in
mourning, and wearing a large golden
beard, that descended to his girdle, in
imitation of the ancient Preux, and in ho
nour of the victory he had gained over
him. Having taken one of his hands from
under the pall, he said, — ' May God receive
your soul! You have done us many and
grievous injuries and vexations.' After-
which, he took some holy water and
sprinkled it over the corpse. All who
pleased now entered to see him; and the
duke of Lorraine had him handsomely
interred, and caused a solemn service to be
said over hjim.
In consequence of the death and defeat

255
of the duke of Burgundy and his army, the
duke of Lorraine and his captains held a
council, and determined instantly to enter
the duchy and county of Burgundy, and
other parts under the dominion of the late
duke, to reduce them to the king's obedi
ence, which was accomplished without any
resistance. Those of the country of Auxerre
submitted also, and took the oaths of al
legiance to the king. — In this battle, the
greater part of those who had accompanied
the duke were slain. The great bastard of
Burgundy was made prisoner, whom the
duke of Lorraine afterwards carried to the
king of France in Picardy. The bastard
Baldwin of Burgundy and several other
great lords were also taken prisoners.
The king of France being assured of
the death of the duke of Burgundy, and
the events that had subsequently taken place,
left Tours on a pilgrimage of devotion. He
returned by Chartres Villepreux * and Au-
bervilliers*, to Notre Dame de la Victoire,
and' thence to Noyon and Compiegne,
In this interval, very many of the places
that had been occupied by the duke of Bur
* Towns in the isle of France.

256
gundy, Avere surrendered to him; such as
Mondidier, Peronne, Abbeville, Montrieul
sur mer, and others near to Arras. But
those in this last town, at first, refused to
submit, and fortified themselves Avith men
at arms, provisions and artillery. Many
agents were sent by them to the king, who
at lastsucceded in obtaining a truce; during
which, the king made the greatest prepa
rations of gens d'armes, artillery, and of
warlike stores, that had been seen, waiting
the determination of those in Arras— whe
ther they would submit peaceabljy or reneAV
the war. To defray the expenses of so
large an armament, the king borrowed great
sums from Paris and the other principal
towns in his kingdom,
The king, however, found means of
gaining possession of the city of Arras*,
into which he made his entry on the 4th of
May, and fortified it more strongly against
the town of Arres, — into Avhich a number
* The city of Arras. Arras is divided Jntq two
parts, — one called the city, the other tbe town.
The city was surrendered to the king by the. lord d'fjs-
querdes, or des Cordes; but it was necessary to gain
the town, which was done by negotiation.

257
of persons attached to the burgundian party
had thrown themselves, and eA en many from
those towns that had lately submitted to
the king, who, though for the most part
adventurers, and without any leader of note
had strengthened the fortifications, and
uttered daily blgsphemies against the king.
To these they added all manner of insults, —
such as erecting gibbets in the town and on
the walls, on which they hung his badge of
the white cross, shoAving their naked pos
teriors to him, and other indecencies.
During these insulting follies, some of
the inhabitants of the town waited on the
king, to endeavour to obtain a pacification ;
and although these adventurers had per
severed over long in their impudence, the
king agreed to accept the submission of those
in Arras, as offered to their sovereign lord,
for neglect of proper homage and of different
dues; and that the revenues of the said
towns should be collected by his commis
sioners, and in his name, until the princess
of Burgundy should have performed her
homage by proxy. The king also promised
not to send any body of men at arms into
VOL. xi. s

258
the town of Arras without the consent of
the inhabitants. * ' Y
These matters being settled, the king
sent into the town the lord cardinal of Bour
bon, the lord chancellor, sir Guiot Pot
bailiff of the Vermandois, sir Philip de
Crevecoeur lord Desquerdes, governor of
the said town, with other nobles, to receive
the oaths of the inhabitants of Arras ; but
while this was doing, some of the townsmen
rebelled, and came in arms to the abbey
of St Waast, where the cardinal and the
other lords were at dinner, bawling out,
' Kill, kill them !' The commissioners were
more frightened than they had ever been in
their lives, — but at this time no mischief
happened. When they returned to the city of
Arras, the king departed to celebrate Easter
at Therouenne. He thence went to Hedin,
when the town surrendered : but some pil
lagers ofthe Burgundy-party seized on the
the castle, against which the king ordered
his artillery to play, and a wide breach was
soon made; but as the royalists were pre
paring to enter it, those Avithin surrendered
on having their lives and fortunes spared.

259
&nd on being permitted to march away in
safety. A. D. MCCCCLXXVI I.
Early in the above year, after Hediri
had been gained, some of the inhabitants
of Arras under pretence of going to the
king of France, obtained passports from the
lord admiral. He, however, suspected their
intentions, and caused them to be follow
ed, — when it Was found that they Were
going to Flanders to the princess of Bur
gundy, and were in consequence arrested
and brought back to Hedin, where they
were tried. It was now discovered that the
object of their journey was treasonable;
and they were accordingly sentenced to be
beheaded in the market-place of Hedin, to
the number of eighteen : among them was
master Oudart de Bucy, attorney- general
of the town of Arras and country of Artois.
His head was cut off in a hood of scarlet
cloth lined with fur : both were nailed fast
to the top of a pole, that the head might
not be carried away ; and under the hood
was written, « This is the head of master
s 2

260
Oudart de Bucy, king's councellor in his
court of parliament at Paris *.
When these examples had been made,
the king went on a pilgrimage to our Lady
of Boulogne. He was very indignant at
the rebellious conduct of the inhabitants of
Arras, and declared that the town should
be destroyed. To effect this, he ordered a
large force to march and besiege it, which
was done, and the artillery -began to play
on the town, when the king returned to
the city about the end of April. The forti
fications were much battered, and the bul
wark which those in the town had erected
against the city was so completely destroyed
that the view of the interior of the town
was laid open.
The inhabitants now gave themselves
up for lost; but they found means to obtain
the king's mercy, although he had aban-
* The townsmen of Arras had broken the terms
of their late treaty, and had revolted. Oudart de
Bussy was one of the principal authors of it. He
had accepted from the king an office in the parliament
of Paris, but instead of exercising it with honour,
had rebelled. The king ordered him to be beheaded
in his hood, and afterward exposed, as mentioned in
the text.

261
doned the town to be plundered by his men
at arms and franc-archers, who were very
much discontented thereat, considering that
the pillage of the town had been i solemnly
promised to them. As the men of Arras
had persevered in their rebellion, had in
sulted the king, and proceeded from bad to
worse by killing many of his troops, they
thought them undeserving of mercy. How
ever, the capitulation was signed : and the
royal army marched into Arras on Sunday,
the 4th of May.
This matter being settled, the king
Went to the abbey of Notre Dame de la Vic
toire ; and the lord admiral, the nobles
and franc-archers separated for their own
homes. While the king was at the above
mentioned abbey, news was brought that
fifty of his archers had been refused admit
tance into Peronne, whither they had carried
five prisoners in his name. He went, there
fore, to Peronne, thinking that a rebellion
was intended, and staid there some time.
Having had information that the Flemings
were arming, with the intent to invade
his country, he issued a proclamation, which
was published at Paris on Sunday the 18th

262
of May, for all persons, of every description
whether privileged or not, to be ready in
arms to resist the invasion of the Flemings.
The king went to Cambray, which
surrendered on capitulation, and remained
there until Trinity Sunday, to recruit his
men at arms.

CHAP. XXIII.
THE KING SUMMONS HIS PARLIAMENT FROM
PARIS TO NOYON, TO TRY THE DUKE OF
NEMOURS. — A FORGER EXECUTED AT
PARIS. — OF THE VICTORY OF THE LORD
DECRAONOVER THE PRINCE OF ORANGE. —
OF THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF GUEL-
DRES BEFORE TOURNAY. — THE DUKE OF
NEMOURS EXECUTED AT PARIS.— A PARTY
OF FLEMINGS DEFEATED. — SEVERAL PER
SONS HANGED AT PARIS FOR HAVING AS
SASSINATED THE SON OF THE PUBLIC EX
ECUTIONER.
The king sent his letters-patent to Paris,
to order the presidents. . and councellors of
his parliament, ano. the masters of requests

26

.->

of his household, to come to Noyon, and
form there a court of justice in his presence
and, in conjunction with the princes of his
blood, to try the duke of Nemours, who
had long been confined in the bastile of
St Anthony at" Paris. The parliament,, in
obedience to this order, set out from Paris
on the 2d of June, to arrive at Noyon the
ensuing day, which had been appointed for
this trial. On the 14th of June, a person Avho
had been of the king's household was im
prisoned for having forged the king's signet,
and that of one of his secretaries, by which
means he had sent letters to divers toAvns,
arid obtained large sums of money, which
he had appropriated to his own use. He
was tried before the provost, or his lieu
tenant, of the royal household, and sent to
Paris, to have the following sentence exe
cuted upon him, namely, to be pilloried
with a paper cap on his head, then burnt
in the forehead, his right hand cut, off, to
be banished the kingdom, and all his effects
and inheritances to be confiscated to the
king. In this month of June, the king gave

264
the command of an army to the lord de
Craon*, to march into the country of
Burgundy, and make war on the prince of
Orange f for some injuries which the lord
de Craon had complained of having been
done him by the prince, who was not of
the same family with himself. The king,
also, who had appointed the prince governor
of that country, displaced him, and gave it
to the lord de Craon, although he had been
the means of reducing it to the king's
obedience. The prince of Orange detached into
Burgundy a knight ef that country called
sir Claude de Vaudray, who made head
against the lord de Craon for some time,
until it was known that the prince had en-
* Lord de Craon. George de la Trimouille lord
of Jonvelle, baron of Craon, first chamberlain to the
king, with whom he was a great favourite, and held
the governments of Champagne, Brie, Burgundy
and Touraiiie. He obtained the county of Ligny
from the confiscations of the constable of St Pol and
had the governments of other towns in the kingdom.
The barony of Craon in Anjou fell to his lot.
t Prince of Orange, — John de Chalon, second of
the name.

265
tered a town called Guy*, when the lord
de Craon advanced to besiege it. He re
mained before it two days, — when learning
that the lord de Chateau Guyon-f, brother
to the prince of Orange, was marching to
his relief, he advanced in battle-array to
meet him, and a great conflict ensued, in
somuch that there w§re killed on both sides
from fourteen to fifteen hundred combatants.
To return thanks for this defeat, the king
ordered a general procession to be made at
Paris, to the church of St Martin des
Champs. In the course of the month of July,
the duke of Gueldres had marched from
fourteen to fifteen hundred Germans against
the town of Tournay, thinking to burn
the suburbs, and quarter himself at Pont
d'Epierre, near the town. Two sallies
Ave re made from the town : in the first,
the duke was mortally wounded, and his
body was carried into Tournay. In the
second sally, four hundred of the king's
* Guy. <_>. if not Gray ? on the Soane, ten leagues
from Besancon.
t De Chateau Guyon, — Louis or Hugh de Chalons
half brothers to the prince of Orange.

see
lances and some of the townsmen attacked
and put to flight the Germans and Flemings,
— two thousand of whom were slain, and
seven or eight hundred made prisoners.
Te Deum laudamus was chaunted at Paris,
and bonfires were made in all the streets
for this signal victory.
On Monday, the3d day of August of
this year, messire Jacques d'Armagnac,
duke of Nemours and count de la Marche,
having been conducted as a prisoner to the
bastile of St Anthony on the 4th day of
August in the preceding year, by reason of
certain offences and crimes by him com
mitted and perpetrated, — during which time
of his imprisonment in the said bastile.
many interrogatories were put to him con
cerning the said charges, to which he an
swered verbally and in Avriting, on many
different days, as well before the chancellor
of France, named Pierre d'Oriole, as others,
the presidents and counsellors of the court
of parliament, and also before certain great
clerks of the kingdom, dwelling in divers
cities and towns of the said kingdom, sum
moned and assembled for this purpose in
the city of Noyon, with and in company

267
of the said officers of the parliament, and
in presence of the lord de Beaujeu, then
representing the person of the king, — the
proceedings held by the court aforesaid
against the said duke of Nemours were ex
amined, and also the defence by him made,
and, after mature deliberation, it Avas de
creed, that sir John \e Boulenger, first pre
sident of the parliament, accompanied by
the greffier criminel of the court and sir
Denis Hesselin, master ofthe king's house
hold, should instantly set out for the bas
tile, and declare to the duke of Nemours,
that the court, having fully considered the
charges laid against him, and the whole of
his defence and confessions, have found
him guilty of high treason, and sentence
him to be beheaded for the same, this day,
in the market-place at Paris, and all his
effects and inheritances to be confiscated to
the king. .The execution took place at
three in the afternoon of that day, on a
scaffold erected in the market-place. After
he was beheaded, the corpse and head
were put into a bier, and' delivered to the
cordelier friars, to be buried in their church.
About ^even or eight score Cordeliers came

268
in procession to fetch the body, and
forty torches were given to them to escort
the bier to their church.
The kinsr was this month at Therou-
enne, and thence detached part of his
army to drive away a body of Flemings
Avho had encamped near to Blanfbsse*.
They no sooner heard of this order thai!
they immediately decamped, but not be
fore the royalists arrived, and slew upwards
of two thousand of them. They were also
pursued far into Flanders; and the king's
army passed by Mont de Cassel to Fiennes
and other places, which they razed, or
took possession of, and killed full two thou
sand more of the Flemings. Many solemn
processions were made at Paris for these
successes. In the month of August, the son of
Henry Cousin, the chief executioner at
Paris, called Petit John, (who had already
done several notable deeds in the way of
his profession, and, among others, had be
headed the late constable of St Pol) was
murdered in Paris at the instigation of a
* Blanfosse, — a village in Picardy, near Breteuil.

269
carpenter, named Oudin du Bust, a native
of Picardy. This Oudin had conceived a
mortal hatred against Petit John, because
he had some time before beaten him, in
consequence of a quarrel that had arisen
between them. The cause of this quarrel
was Oudin having demanded the amount
of a deed for money he had lent Petit
John which had been repaid all but the
expenses of the bond. To be revenged,
Oudin had formed an acquaintance with
three disorderly youths of Paris ; one was
called l'Empereur du Houlx, sergeant at
mace; the other, Jean du Foing, a plumber,
— and the third, Regnault Goris, a silver
smith and son to Martin Goris, broker of
jewelry. All these four having determined
on their plan, waylaid Petit John, and at
tacked him at the corner of the rue des
Grenelles, near the hotel of the Moulinet.
The first that came up to him Avas
l'Empereur du Houlx, who, under the
mask of friendship, took him firmly under
the arm; telling him not to be afraid of
the others, for they would do him no mis
chief. As he said this, Regnault Goris ap
proached, and hit Petit John on the head

270
with a stone, that made him stagger. His
pretended friend then let go his hold, —
and John du Foing thrust a javelin through
his body, so that he fell dead on the spot.
When he was dead, Oudin du Bust came
and cut off his legs, and then they all four
separated and , took sanctuary within the
church of the Celestines; whence, on the
following night, they were taken, by orders
from sir Robert d'Estouteville, provost of
Paris, and the members of the council, in
consequence of the informations that had
been laid before them, clearly proving the
murder to have been committed by a pre
concerted plan. The Celestins appealed
against this, as a breach of their privileges,
but the court of parliament dismissed their ap
peal, and declared the murderers incapable of
being received in sanctuary. The bishop
afterward claimed them as his clerks; but
the parliament published an edict, to declare;
that they should not enjoy the privilege of
clerks, and returned the matter to the pro
vost, who sentenced them all to be hanged.
They appealed against this sentence
to the court of parliament, who confirmed
it,— ^and they were all four executed on the

271
gibbet of Paris by the hands of Henry
Cousin, father to the late Petit John, who
was thus avenged on them for the murder
of his son, the 28th day of August. They
were hanged in a row: first, l'Empereur
du Houlx, then John du Foing, Regnault
Goris, and, last of all, Oudin du Bust.
The three first were handsome youths ; and
for this business a young son of a shoemaker
was publicly flogged and banished the
realm, for having conspired the death of
Petit John, although he Avas not actually
present when he was killed.

272
CHAP. XXIV.
THE CARDINAL OF ST GEORGE IS DETAINED
PRISONER AT FLORENCE, WHERE THE
ARCHBISHOP OF PISA IS STRANGLED, AND
SEVERAL OTHERS PUT TO DEATH, FOR
HAVING MURDERED GIULIANO DE ME
DICI. — RHODES BESIEGED BY THE TURKS.
— OF ST SYMON AND ANOTHER THAT
WERE CRUCIFIED. — OF A DEVOUT HERMIT
, WHO LIVED FIFTEEN YEARS ON THE HOLY
WAFER. — OF A MONSTER, BORN IN THE
TOWN OF VERONA. — OF A MARVELLOUS
COMET, — AND OTHER EXTRAORDINARY
EVENTS.
About this time, and soon after the death
ofthe duke of Milan, a violent conspiracy
was formed in the city of Florence, by
the family of Pazzi, of which Francesco di
Pazzi was the leader, against the family
of the Medici. Francesco, accompanied
by several of good family in Florence, and
other conspirators, assassinated, with a dag
ger, Giuliano de Medici in the church of
Santa Maria di Fuori> during the celebration

273
of the mass. His elder brother, Lorenzo
de Medici, was also Wounded but re
covered *.
For this crime the reverend father in
God Nicholas, cardinal of Saint George,
and nephew -f to count Jerome, was de
tained in close confinement ; and Francesco
Salviati, archbishop of Pisa, was publicly
hanged in his archie piscopal robes at the
gatesof the Medici-palace. ' Several ofthe
conspirators, and their relatives, Ave re
hanged at the same time and place, and
others executed in divers mariners.
Pope Sixtus IV. in revenge for these
executions, fulminated, in the name of
the cardinals in consistory, an excom-
niunication and interdict against the city of
Florence, and incited a cruel war against
Tuscany, in the name of the church, — in
which War numbers lost their lives.
During this time, an ambassador from
the republic of Venice obtained the liberty
* For further particulars, see Scipione Ammirato,
and other italian historians, — and particularly the
life of Lorenzo de Medici, by W. Roscoe, esq.
t Cardinal of St George. Q., if it should nd£
be ' of Riario, and nephew to the pope Sixtus IV.J'
VOL. XI, T

27.4
of the cardinal of St. George, Avho returned
to Rome: nevertheless, the Avar Avas still
continued between the church and the
Florentines, but it Avas at length ended, and
the excommunication and interdict Avere
taken off.
The JeAvs, about this time, stole a child
of twelve years of age, called Symon, in
the city of Trent, Avhom they crucified, and
caused to suffer the mysteries ofthe passion,
in ridicule of Avhat our Saviour had suffered,
— for which they Avere. most severely pu
nished, according to their deserts. The
body of the child was carried in procession,
as a martyr, to ;the cathedral, Avhither
great crowds of people flocked from all
parts ; for through the devotion of this child
many miracles Avere performed in remem
brance of the passion of our Lord.
A similar crime was committed by the
Jews in the city ofOpiterge*, Avithin the
principality of Venice, Avhere they martyred
a youth in like manner. They were brought
to Venice, and having confessed their
* Opiterge. The ancient latin name was Opiter-
gium, — the modern Oderso : it is in the Venetian state
twelve miles from Trevigio. Martiniere.

275
guiltiness of this abominable crime, were
burnt alive bet\A'een the two marble columns
in the place of St Marco.
At this time, a girl was born at Verona,
which had one head, two feet, and four
arms : two were larger than the others,
Avhich she could move, — but ihe others
Avere smaller, and motionless. She had
tAvo bellies joined to the stomach, and two
openings through Avhich she passed her
excrements, and other natural superfluities.
In this state, she was carried throughout
Italy, begging money of all that were der
sirous to see and examine her.
About this time, there Were great inun
dations with very high Avinds, that overthrew
many buildings.
The grand Turk now led a numerous
and puissant army by sea and land to be
siege the city of Rhodes, which he bom
barded at several places, and slew very
many Christians. He surrounded the city
on all sides, and advanced even to the tower
of St Nicholas, which was thought impreg
nable; but fie Avas on the point of taking
it, and ready to shout, ' Town won !' Avhen
the grand master displayed from the walls

276
a great banner, painted with the represen
tation ofthe blessed cross; which banner
was no sooner displayed than the Turks
became Minded, and, by the Divine aid of
our blessed Saviour, were reprilsed. They-
made no further attempts on the city,— but
there were numbers slain on both sides.
The Turks, on their ill success at
Rhodes, invaded part of the kingdom of
Sicily, and gained many towns. They put
the inhabitants to death, and seized their
effects, so that they were become a Cruel
pestilence to Christendom. They took the
city of Otranto, and slew almost all the
inhabitants, on account of their religion,
which they suffered with singular patience
for the honour of God,— and at length
they seized the archbishop, whom they
put to death by sawing him in tAvo.
A devout Hermit, who resided in Swis-
serland near Underwalden, subsisted for the
space of fifteen years on the holy wafer,
which he received at the monthly sacrament,
without taking any other food. This -has
been attested by many persons, witnesses
of the fact.
I have forgotten.to mention a marvel^

2:77
lous comet that appeared in the year 1477,
on St Agnes-day, in the month of January,
—and therefore the bloody wars that took
place between different princes, with the
great, miseries that ensued, need not be
wondered at. This comet was visible at
Cologne, in the opposite direction to the
constellation Libra, having an immease
tail, thirty degrees in length. On St
Blaise's day, the 3d of February, it re
mained stationary in the constellation of
Aries, throwing its tail to the eastward, near
the Pleiades. It Avas of different colours,
-^sometimes white, at others all on fire, in
clining to a lemon colour. The astrologers
considered it as indicative of battle,
epidemic disorders, and plagues: and in
consequence, the following summer was
hotter than had been remembered by any
then living. In some parts, subterraneous
fires broke forth, from the vehemence of
which may God preserve us!
We will noAv return to notice events
that happened in France, Flanders, Bur
gundy and England, at the period we quitted
them to make mention of the surprising
circumstances contained in this chapter.

278
CHAP. XXV,
THE KING, ON HIS RETURN FROM PICARDY*,
' SETS AT LIBERTY THE PRISONERS IN THE
CHASTELET. — OF THE PRINCE OF ORANGE
AND SIR CLAUDE DE VAUDRAY IN THE
COUNTRY OF BURGUNDY. — THE STATUES
OF ST LOUIS AND ST CHARLEMAGNE RE
MOVED. — THE KING HAS TWELVE GREAT
BOMBARDS MADE. — EDWARD KING OF ENG
LAND CAUSES HIS BROTHER THE DUKE OF
CLARENCE TO BE DROWNED IN A BUTT
OF MALMSEY. — AN ACCUSATION IS LAID
AGAINST DANIEL THE SERVANT TO OLIVIER
LE DAIM. — ON THE RETURN OF THE KING
FROM PICARDY, GREAT ENTERTAINMENTS
ARE GIVEN AT PARIS IN THE YEAR
MCCCCLXXVIII.
1 he king of France, before he left Picardy.
appointed the lord bastard of Bourbon, ad
miral of France, his lieutenant-general for
the management of the war in that country.
He assigped, for the cantonments of his
men, the cities and toAvns of Arras, Tour
nay, Lens, LaBassee, and other places on

279
the frontiers of Flanders, which still held
out for the princess of Flanders, daughter
to the late duke of Burgundy. Having
arranged these matters, the king Avent to
pay his devotions to Notre Dame de la
Victoire, whose image Avas richly ornament
ed, and thence proceeded to Paris. As he
arrived on tlie feast-day of St Denis, from
his reverenCe to the saint, he delivered all
the prisoners confined in the Chatelet.
The king made no long stay in Paris,
but went to Tours, Amboise, and places
in that district, Avhere he the more Avillingly
resided. During this intenral, the Burgundians
and other enemies to the king, under the
prince of Orange, and sir Claude de Vau-
dray, committed great devastations in Bur
gundy, and defeated many parties of the
royal forces, more especially at the toAvn
of Gray sur Saone, wherein they Avere
quartered. The Burgundians killed a num
ber of gentlemen of the companies of Sa
lazart and Coninghame, a scots captain.
The king had this year great devotion
for St Louis and St Charlemagne, and or
dered that their statues of stone, which-

280
had been placed in their rank with those-
of the other kings os France in the great
hall of the palace, should be removed and
placed beside the chapel at the upper end
of the said hall,— which was done, and the
expenses of their removal were paid by
Robert Cailletel, receiver of taxes in the
city of Paris.
In the month of December, the king,
to increase his artillery, ordered twelve great
bombards to be cast of a prodigious length
and weight. . Three of them Avere to be
cast at Paris, three at Tours, three at Or
leans, and three at -Amiens; and at the
same time a quantity of iron bullets were
cast at the founderies at Creil, of which
charge was given to master John de Reilhac
his secretary. In the quarries near to Pe
ronne, were also made many stone bullets
for the bombards, — and great stores of
scaling ladders and small pieces of ordnance
were constructed, for the attack of several
towns in Flanders and Picardy that remain
ed to be reduced.
At this period, king Edward of Eng
land, having been assured that his brother
the duke of Clarence had intentions of

281
Cjcossing the sea to give assistance to his
sister. The widowed duchess of Burgun
dy, ordered him -to be arrested and confined
in the tower of London, Avhere he re
mained for some time. During his confine
ment, the king assembled his council, who
condemned him to be drawn on a sledge from
the tower to a gibbet, and thereon hanged,
— after which, his entrails were to be thrown
into a fire, his head cut off, and his body
quartered. But this sentence was changed
at the intercession of his mother, and the
execution deferred until the month of
February following, when he was taken
out of prison, and, after he had confessed
himself, was thrown alive into a butt of
malmsey Madeira, which had one of its
ends taken off, and held therein, with his head
downwards, until he expired. He was then
taken out: his head was cut off, and carried
to be buried at the Carmelite's church, be
side his duchess, daughter to the late earl
of Warwick, who had been slain at the
battle of Coventrv, at the same time when
the prince of Wales, son to the sainted
Henry of Lancaster, fell *.
* The earl of Warwick was killed at the battle

282
An event happenecTat this time, at
Paris, that made some noise. Daniel de
Bar, servant to master Olivier le Daim *,
of Barnet, — and the prince of Wales was ungene
rously murdered after the fatal battle of Tewkesbury,
for a spirited answer to an insolent demand from
Edward IV.
* Never was the proverb of ' like master like
man'—' tel maitre, tel valet,' so truly exemplified
as in Louis XL and Olivier, le Diable, Olivier le
Mauvais, or, as the king ordered him to be called
in his letters of nobility, Olivier le Daim. I copy
from the 222d number of Proofs to Comines what
M. Godefroy said of this infamous character.
' Philip de Comines cries out justly against
the choice the king made of a man of such a cha
racter as his ambassador to the princess of Bur
gundy. Master Olivier (for thus he was called in
the low countries, where, to this day, the masters
of any trade are called by their Christian names
only) was born in the little town of Thielt, a de-
peridancy on the castlewick of Courtray in Flanders.
He went to Fiance and became barber to the_king,
whose confidence he gained by his intrigues.
' Having acquired great riches, the desire of
appearing with eclat in the country of his birth,
which is the usual presumption of persons sudden
ly raised from the dregs of the people to high
rank, blinded him so much that he accepted of an
embassy, which he naturally should, have refused,
if he had not been devoured with pride.
•The magnificence of his equipage only serv-

283
first barber and valet de chambre to the
king, was arrested and imprisoned by the
court of parliament, in consequence of
Several informations laid against him, and
ed to make him more despised by his countrymen^— —
and the barber was plainly seen under the dress
of a prince. The ghent men would have made
his time pass unpleasantly, and, if he had
not avoided it by a precipitate retreat, would
have suffered what he afterward could not escape
from. ' He was one of the most profligate and un
principled men in the world.'
Here follows what a french author, named
Boitel, relates of the latter end of his life, in the
321st page ' des intentions morales, civiles, et mili-
taires d'Antoine le Pipre,' printed at Antwerp in
the year 1625.
' You must know that Louis XI. king of France,
bewitched with friendship for Olivier le Daim,
(whose first trade was that of barber) made him
governor of the castle of Loches, which was and
is at this moment, a handsome establishment, appoint
ed him to the government of St Quentin, in Picardy,
and made him one of the gentlemen of his bed
chamber. He had purchased considerable lord
ships from the great riches he possessed, and plung
ed into all kinds of luxuries, as well during the
king's life as after his death.
* It happened one day that a young gentleman
committed a crime, for which the provost of tbe

284 '
especially on the complaint of Marion, the
wife of Colin Panier, and another dissolute
woman, who charged the said Daniel with
having forced them and with haying corn-
king's household had him confined. His wife, fear
ing the consequences might be fatal to her husband,
solicited every one whom she thought had credit
with king Charles VIII. Thinking that Olivier le
Dajm might enjoy the same favour as with the late
king, from seeing him richly dressed, followed by
many of the courtiers, and having admittance to
the king's apartments when he pleased, she ad
dressed herself to him, and entreated that he would
' Y
obtain her husband's liberty. Olivier observing that
the suitress was young, handsome, and elegantly
made, promised the deliverance of her husband,
provided she would yield to his desires, which after
many difficulties, she consented to.
'To perform his promise, he went to the pro
vost and desired that he would not criminate the
gentleman, which he refused. He then begged
that he would allow him to escape, as if he had
forced his way out of prison ; but this he more
obstinately refused. Master Olivier, seeing himself
thus disappointed, began to reproach the provost
for his ingratitude, — for he had given him his place,
and had also obtained for him, from Louis XI.
many rich presents; and when that king was much ir
ritated against him for bad management in his office,
he had appeased the king's anger. In short, these
seproaches had such an effect on the provost that he

285
mitted upon them the beastly arid abominable
sin of sodomy. When the parliament and
the provost began to examine more minutely
into these charges, the women contradicted
told him to consider on some means for the. prisoner
to escape, provided that he were not brought into
trouble, nor implicated, — for those who had caused
him to be confined had great power. Master Olivier
replied, that the most secure method would be to
strangle him in, his dungeon, and to thr-ow the body
into the river; for then his enemies would.be satisfied,
and his wife, by avoiding the infamy of a pubjic
execution, would likewise be contented, — and this
would be the means of gratifying all parties.
' Having fixed on their plan, master Olivier so
licited the lady to come that night to his lodgings,
which she complied with, , assuring herself, that on the
morrow she should obtain her husband's liberty; but
' she was deceived ; for while master .Olivier, was car
ressing her in bed, his valet de chambre Daniel, with
another called Oyac, strangled the miserable gentle
man in the provost's prison, and then dragged the
body to the Seine. The corpse floated on the water,
as . they were unable to sink it. The boatmen drew
' it to the bank, where it lay the whole day, and was
viewed by. numbers, who immediately recognised it
for the body of such a gentleman. The wife, who
had risen early in the expectation of meeting her
hnsband, was told that( he had been drowned, and
was , then lying on the bank of the river. Thither
she hastened and found the report but too true.
* This unfortunate lady flung herself on the

2o6
themselves, and denied the facts, confessing
that they had been induced to make such
accusations at the instance of Panier, the
husband of Marion, and of another called
corpse, and, with bitter tears, cursed Olivier le
Daim, who had deceived her, and ravished her honour,
under promise of procuring her husband's liberty.
Her lamentations excited the pity of the populace in
so great a degree that they informed the officers of
justice of what had happened. On this, master
Olivier was arrested, and sentenced to the torture;
but without suffering much, he confessed the fact,
imagining his judges would not dare to condemn him,
and, if they should, he trusted to his favour with the
king. He was, however, completely mistaken; for,
being hated for his abuse of authority under Louis
XI. he was sentenced to be hanged and strangled.
His servant Daniel was condemned to make a pecuniary
restitution to the widow.
4 With regard to Oyac, he was not hanged, because
it had appeared on the trial that he would not assist
to strangle the gentleman in prison, although he had
aided to throw him into the river; for which he was
condemned to have his ears cut off, his tongue
pierced, and to be banished the realm.
' Master Olivier vvas pitied by none: and it may
be shown, from an infinity of examples, .hat a dis
graceful or an unfortunate death is commonly the lot
of such as put their trust in the favour of princes,
abuse their authority, and only make use of their
great riches in the commission of the most enormous

287
Janvier, enemies of the said Daniel, in
order to be revenged on him. The two
Avomen Avere therefore sentenced, by the
provost, to be whipped naked and banish
ed the realm ; and their effects were to be
confiscated to the king, out of Avhich suf
ficient damages should first be taken for the
said Daniel; as an indemnification for these
false charges. This sentence was executed
in all the squares of Paris, on Wednesday,
the 1 1th day of March.
In this month, the king came from
Tours toward Paris, and staid two days at
Ablon sur Seine, at the house. of Marc Se-
namy, assessor of Paris ; whence he came

crimes. God becomes tired of their iniquities, and
commences even in this world to punish them for their
•wickednesses.' This crime may be nearly matched by that of
another monster in our own country. Colonel Kirke,
when pursuing the duke of Monmouth's partisans at
Taunton, was guilty of an act attended with rather
more insulting cruelty; and to him likewise may be
applied the motto, * Tel maitre, tel valet.'
There is also a similar story told in 491. of the
Spectator ; but it is not mentioned by Comines, or by
any other historian of thatpdriod that lam acquainted
with. ,

288
to his palace of the Tournelles, arid on the
morrow morning, paid his devotioris at the
cathedral to the blessed virgin Mary. This
done, he went to Louvres, and places in
that neighbourhood, where he staid some
time, and then proceeded to Hediri, Ami
ens, and other towns in Picardy. While
he was there, the lord Howard came to
him from the king of England, to endea
vour to conclude a peace between him and
the Flemings. The king appointed the
lord de St Pierre to confer with him on the
subject; and in the interval, the king
marched the whole of his army and artil
lery into Picardy. A. D. MCCCCLXXVIII.
After Low Sunday, in the month of
March of the aboVe year, the duchess of
Orleans arrived at Paris, in company \yith
the duke of Orleans,— a young son of the
duke of Cleves, nephew to the duchess, 
madame de Narbonne, daughter to the late
duke of Orleans, and wife to the viscount
of Narbonne, son to the count of Foix, 
the son of the count of Vendome, and a

. 289
number of lords, gentlemen, ladies and
damsels, who were twice most magnificently
feasted in the city of Paris.
The first entertainment Avas given by
the cardinal of Foix, in the hotel d'Es-
tampes, near the bastile, — and the second,
by the lord cardinal of Bourbon, at his
hotel, Avhere he gave a grand supper on
Wednesday the last day in March. At
this supper, there was the greatest plenty
of every delicacy that could be procured,
with music and singing, mummeries, farces,
and other gallant amusements. This sup
per was served up in the gilt gallery,
where all the guests attended but madame
de Narbonne, — Avho, on account of her be
ing far- gone with child, and to be more at
her ease, supped with her husband and
seven more, in the loAver apartments of
the said hotel, belonging to John Roye,
secretary to the duke of Bourbon, who had
the care of his hotel.

VOL. XI. U

sgo.

CHAP. XXVI.
The king of France's soldiers seize
the money that was sent to pay the
flemish troops, and gain also' the
town of conde from them.  a cor
delier. fr i er, named anthony fradin
preaches at paris, and is afterwards
E/Nlflirr.THE POPE SENDS A LEGATE
TO THE KING OF FRANCE AND TO THE
DUKE OF AUSTRIA. — THE DECEIT OF THE
LAST TOWARD THE KING. — A TREATY
CONCLUDED BETWEEN THEM  SIR
CHARLES D' AMBOISE REGAINS MANY
TOWNS FOR THE KING IN THE DUCHY OF
BURGUNDY.
In the month of April, Guerin le Groin
bailiff of St Pierre-le-Monstier, and Robinet
du Quesnoj^, Avho had each the command
of one hundred lances for the king, re
ceived information, while cantoned in
Picardy, that the Flemings were sending
a large sum of money to Douay for
the pay of their troops and the support
'of the town. These captains took the

291
field to intercept this money, which they
did, killing many, and making prisoners"
of others of the escort. Intelligence of
this Avas instantly carried to the garrisons
in Lille and Douay, who made all haste
to recover the money and prisoners;
but although they were in great numbers
the French not only saved themselves but
sleAv four score, or better, and carried
off the money in safety, — their loss not
amounting to more than twenty-six or
twenty-seven mem
The king arrived in Picardy during
the month of May, — but nothing of con
sequence passed except gaining from the
Burgundians the little tevra of Conde,
Which Avas inconveniently situated for sendj
ing provisions and stores to Tournay. A
garrison for the duke of Austria was in
the place, who defended it for a short
time ; but when they saw the great army
that Avas advancing to besiege it, they
surrendered the toAvn and castle, to the
king, on being allOAved to march away in
safety with their arms and baggage;
In this year, a cordelier friar, a na
tive of Ville-Franehe, in the Beaujolois,
u 2

qi.

come to preach against the profligate man
ners of the times atvParis. He preached
long and strongly on the vices Avhich
blemished the creatures of God, and with
such good effect that many women, who -
had abandoned themselves to carnal plea
sures, and otber debaucheries, changed
their course of life. Some gaATe them
selves up to religious pursuits, aban
doning those pleasures they had of late so
wildly followed. He blamed all ranks,
and preached on the justice and govern
ment of the king, the princes, and great
lords of the realm ; adding, that the king
was ill served, — that he had about his
person servants who were traitors, — and
that, if he did. not discard them, they
would destroy him and the kingdom also.
The king when told of this, ordered
that the friar should be forbidden to
preach ; and for this purpose, master Olivier
le Daim, the king's barber, came to Paris
to see that he Avas put under an interdict.
This was very displeasing to several of
both sexes, Avho Avere much inclined
to follow him, for the sake of his ser
mons ; and tor iear any insult should be

293
offered him, they had him AAratched, night
and day, in the convent of the Cordeliers
in Paris. It Avas said that numbers of
women went to him secretly, by day and
night, Avith knives and staves hidden under
their clothes, to spike such as should en
deavour to hurt him, or hinder him from
preaching : telling him not to be afraid
for that they Avould perish sooner than
any mischief should befal him.
During this time, a legate from the
pope came to the king in Picardy, to
remonstrate Avith him on the enormous
evils the infidels were doing to Christendom,
and to exhort him to make peace with
duke of Austria, and unite in opposing
the further progress of the Turks. By this
means the war against the Burgundians
was somewhat relaxed, in the hope of
establishing a peace ; but although the war'
ceased on the part of the king it Avas
still continued by the enemy in the courity
and duchy of Burgundy, where several
towns were recovered from the king, and
numbers of his troops killed.
On Tuesday the 2oth day of May,
a public proclamation was made by sound

294
of trumpet, which Avas the ancient custom,
in all the squares of Paris, to forbid all
persons, Avhatever might be their rank,
to cause any assemblies of the people
in Paris without the express leave and
licence of the king, — for that, of late,
many persons had assembled, under pre
tence of hearing certain sermons preach
ed in the said toAvn by friar Anthony
Fradin, of the order of Cordeliers ; and
that numbers had also assembled at the
convent of the Cordeliers to guard the
said friar, to whom no insult whateA'er
had been offered by the officers of his
majesty's justice, but to Avhom some of
the king's counsellors had been sent, to
interrogate him on certain secret matters
of Avhich the king Avas desirous to know
the truth : that persons had remained for
nights in the said convent, under pretext
of guarding, as they said, the above
friar, which was matter of great scandal.
In consequence thereof, and by the
advice of the court of parliament, and of
the provost of Paris, all persons, of Avhat
ever rank or condition, Avere hencefor
ward forbidden, to hold such assemblies

295
in the convent of the Cordeliers, or else
where, under pain of corporal punishment
and confiscation of effects. In regard to
those who might at that time be assem
bled at the Cordeliers, they Aver© ordered
(instantly, on this proclamation being made,
to- depart thence to their own home%
under pain of the aforesaid penalties. All
husbands Avere strictly charged to forbid
their wives going thither, and to hold similar
assemblies in future.
When this proclamation Avas read,
many of the auditors, by way of derision,
said that it was all nonsense ; that the
king Avas ignorant of the business, and that
it Avas very ill judged to issue so foolish a
proclamation. Monday, the 2d of June, the first
president of the parliament and others,
Avho said they were so charged by the
king, declared to friar Anthoy Fradin
that he was banished the kingdom of France
ordering him instantly to quit the realm.
This he did on the folloAving day; but
when he left his convent great crowds
of the populace sighed and cried on ac
count of his departure. They were so

296
much angered thereat that, iri their rage,
they uttered many marvellous and scan
dalous things. ' Numbers of both sexes
followed him far beyond Paris, and then
returned. The king remained in Picardy, with
the intent of reducing to his obedience
such toAvns and places as the duke of
"Burgundy Avas possessed of at the time
of his death, and which he had acquired
by his rebellious conduct. For this pur
pose, he had with him the handsomest
train of artillery, and finest body of men
at arms, franc-archers, and other soldiers,
that had been seen in France. He Avas
long inactive, in the expectation of re
ceiving some propositions from the Flem
ings^ and Maximilian duke of Austria,
who, by his marriage with the princess
Mary of Burgundy, was their lord.
Ambassadors at length came from
the duke of Austria to the king, while
at Arras and at Cambray, who proposed
to restore peaceably to the king the coun
ties of Artois and of Bologne, with the
towns of Lille, Douay, Orchies, St Omer
and others, together with the entire duchy

297
of Burgundy. In return for these, the
king Avas to give up the possession of
Cambray, Quesnoyle Comte, Bouchain,
and some other toAvns. For the more
ready communication on the above mat
ters, the duke of Austria marched his army,
Avhich Avas said to consist of -twenty thou
sand combatants, between Douay and Arras,
where he encamped. Under pretence of
these exchanges, the duke amused the
king Avith fine promises until the end
of June, Avhen the king did not gain any
one thing that had been promised, al
though he had liberally restored to Maxi
milian all the towns on his part, thinking
that the duke Avould as liberal^ keep
the engagements on his side,— but he
had been completely deceived throughout.
The army whieh the king had sent
to upper Burgundy, to recover the toAvns
in that district, under the command of
sir Charles d'Amboise*, governor of Cham
pagne, had been very" successful. He
reduced to the king's obedience the towns
of Verdun, Monsavion, and Semur-en-
# Sir Charles d'Amboise,— lord of Chaumont.

298
Auxois, by assault or capitulation. He
laid siege to the town of Beaune, which
lasted some time; but in the month of
July, its inhabitants surrendered on con
dition that they should have their liA'es
and fortunes spared, on payment of a fine
of forty thousand crowns for their rebellion.
They were also condemned to make res
titution to the merchants of Paris and
other toAvns in the kingdom for all Avines
sold, but not delivered, and for all the
sums of money they had borroAved. The
garrison Avere allowed to march, with
- their baggage, Avhithersoever they pleased.
In the month of July, a grand em
bassy came to the king, in Arras, from
duke Maximilian of Austria, and the chief
towns in Flanders. They Avere heard
by the king in counoil,-— and, after mature
deliberation, a truce was agreed on, to
last for one whole year, during which a
free intercourse Avas to be allowed to the
merchants of France and Flanders with
their merchandise. When this was settled
the king departed for Paris, — but did not
enter the toAvn, as he Avas told that an
epidemical disorder carried off numbers

299
of the inhabitants. He went, therefore,
to Vendome, where he staid some time,
and thence Avent to Behuart, and to other
plaees of pilgrimage*.
*Thisyear, Louis XI. went to Boulogne-sur-mer,
to make homage of his kingdom to the holy Virgin.

300

CHAP. XXVII.
THE- KING OF FRANCE PRESENTS RICH
GIFTS TO SEVERAL CHURCHES. — A COUN
CIL HELD AT ORLEANS ON THE PRAG
MATIC SANCTION. — AN ALLIANCE BE
TWEEN THE KINGS OF FRANCE AND OF
CASTILLE. — A TAME LION ESCAPES IN
AUVERGNE, AND DOES MUCH MISCHIEF. —
THE ATTORNEY -GENERAL OF ARTOIS BE
HEADED AT TOURS. — A NEAV BOMBARD
ON TRIAL BURSTS, AND KILLS MANY PEO
PLE 'AT PARIS.— A GASCON CAPTAIN,
NAMED ORIOLE, AND HIS LIEUTENANT
BEHEADED AT TOURS. — OTHER EVENTS
THAT HAPPENED IN THE COURSE OF THIS
YEAR MCCCCLXXVIII.
i HE king, on his return from Picardy,
made many rich presents to diArers churches
and saints. When he Avas at the abbey
of Notre Dame de la Victoire, near Senlis
he gave two thousand francs to be em
ployed in procuring silver lamps to hang
before the altar of the Virgin. He cover
ed the shrine of St Fiacre with silver,

301
which amounted to the Aveight of seven
or eight score marcs. From his great
and singular faith in St Martin, he or
dered a handsome trellis of silver to be
made round his shrine, in his church at
Tours, — which was done, and Aveighed
from sixteen to seventeen thousand marcs,
and cost, when finished and put up, full
tAvo hundred thousand francs. It should
be known, that to furnish silver sufficient
for all these great works, commissioners
AArere appointed to seize on all the plate
they could find in Paris and other toAvns,
which Avas reasonably Avell paid for ; but
notwithstanding this, great quantities were
hidden and no longer seen in those places
where they were used to be visible,— and
henceforward, on this account, when any
weddings or other feasts took place, where
much silver plate Avas wont to be exhi
bited, nothing Avas seen but handsome
cups of glass and dishes of earthen Avare.
About this period, the king held a grand
council of prelates, churchmen, and learned
men, as well from the universities of Paris
and Montpellier as elsewhere, in the town
of Orleans, to consult on the best means of

302
recovering the pragmatic sanction, and of
preventing the money for the vacant bene
fices being sent out of the kingdom to Rome.
At this assembly tbe lord de Beaujeu pre
sided, as representative for the king, — and
the lord chancellor, with other lords of the
council, attended.
The lord chancellor, in the presence of
the lord de Beaujeu and the rest, opened
the meeting, by declaring the cause of this
assembly being held at Orleans, and the
reasons which had moved the king to call
them together. He Avas replied to by master
John Hue, dean of the faculty of theology,
in the name ofthe university of Paris, who
made many remonstrances on the subject,
and spoke loudty and boldly, because he
was supported by the university. Another
learned clerk spoke also, as representative
of the university of Montpellier. When
this assembly had continued some time, the
king came to pay his devotions to our Lady
at Clery*, and thence came to Orleans,
where he only staid half a day. The as
sembly noAv broke up, without having con-
* Clery — is two or three leagues from Orleans,

303'
eluded any thing, — and it was adjourned to
Lyon, to be there holden on the first day
of May following.
While the king was in Touraine, he
sent sealed letters to his good citizens of
Paris, to make known to them, that having
sent ambassadors to the king of Castille
and Leon, respecting some differences that
had arisen betAveen them, they had reported,
on their return, that the king of Castille
was perfectly, satisfied with what the ambas
sadors had said from the king, and had
promised and SAvorn to observe a strict
alliance with him. For this the king Avas
desirous that public thanksgivings should be
offered up to God and to the blessed Virgin ;
that a general procession should -be made at
.Paris, with bonfires in all the streets. A
procession was, consequently, made from
the church of. Notre Dame to that of St
Genevieve, where a sermon was preached
by the prior of the carmelite friars, in which
he detailed at length the honourable in
tentions of the king, and the contents of
his letter. A gentleman in Auvergne having kept
a tame lion, he, after some time, escaped,

304
and Avas the terror, of the country, — for
he devoured men, AAromen, and children,
whenever he chanced to meet them. The
country people rose against hirn, to kill
him, and his master accompanied them.
On meeting the lion, he recognised his
master, and came up to him, when he was
instantly put to death. Another extraor
dinary event happened also in Auvergne,
by a spring bursting forth where no Avater
had been before, which event Avas ' pre
ceded by an earthquake.
In the month of November of this year,
Simon Courtois, Avhom the king had made
his attorney-general for the county of Artois,
taking advantage of the truce, left Arras,
under pretence of looking after his con
cerns in Flanders ; instead of Avhich, he
went to the princess of Flanders, consort
to Maximilian of Austria, and, unmindful
of the honour the king had just conferred
on him, by making him his attorney-general,
told the princess that he was her verjr humble
servant, as all his family had been. He
added, that if she Avould accept of his al
legiance, and make him her attorney^ge-
neral, Artois should be restored to her, —

305
for he would father that it Avas in her hands
than in the king's. This was told to the
king's governor in Arras, Avho had Siruon
Courtois arrested and sent to Tours, where,
having confessed the above, he was be
headed. A great bombard, that had been cast
at Tours, Avas brought to Paris the Monday
before Epiphany to be proved, and was,
for this purpose, drawn out into the fields
in front of the bastile of St Anthony. It
Avas pointed toAvard Charenton, and when
first fired threw the ball as far as the galloAvs
on the bridge of Charenton; but as those
present did not think it had discharged all
the powder that had been put into the cham
ber, they ordered it to be recharged, and the
chamber perfectly cleaned of all that re
mained within it, which was done, and an
iron ball, weighing five hundred weight,
put into its mouth, before which stood
John Maugue the founder of it. As the
ball rolled down the bombard, by some
^unknown accident the powder iri the cham
ber took fire before the match Avas put to it,
and by its discharge tore in pieces John
Maugue and fourteen other persons; whose
V©l. xi. x

306
heads, legs, arms and bodies, were blown
into the air. The ball killed a poor innocent
bird-catcher that was attending his nets in
the fields ; and the bursting of the bombard
maimed fifteen or sixteen others, several of
whom died ; so that by this accident twenty-
two or twenty-three persons lost their lives.
The remains of John Maugue were collect
ed, put on a bier, and carried to St Merry
for interment ; and proclamation was made
through the streets of Paris, that all people
should pray for the soul of John Maugue,
Avho had lost his life iri the king's service.
The 22d of May, the body of Laurence
Gamier, of the town of Provins *, which,
by sentence of the court of parliament, had
been hanged on the gibbet a year and half,
for his having murdered a receiver of taxes
in the town of Provins (but for which a
pardon had been granted, though not con
firmed by the court,) was taken down, at
the request of his brother, by Henry Cousin,
the executioner at Paris. The body was
put on a bier, covered with a pall, and
from the gibbet carried into Paris by the
* Provins, — an ancient town in Brie, diocese of
Sens.

307
gate of St Denis; four of the town-criers
preceded the body, ringing their bells, and*,
having the arms of Gamier emblazoned on
their breasts. Round the bier were four
wax- tapers, and eight lighted torches,- borne
by men in mourning, having on their breasts
similar arms to the criers. In this state
was the body carried through Paris to the
gate of St Anthony, when it was placed
on a mourning car, to be conveyed for in*-
terment at Provins. One of the before
named criers went first, crying aloud, ' Good
people, say your Pater-nosters for the soul
of Laurence GarniCr, who, while living*
resided at Provins, and whose body has
been lately found dead under an oak, that
God may have mercy on his soul !'
On the 18th of March,' a gentleman
of Gascony, named- Oriole, was brought
prisorier to Tours. He had commanded a
company of one hundred lances for the king :
but his company having been lately broken
with some others, he was disgusted, — and
it was reported to the king that he had used
threatening language, and that he was plot
ting with his lieutenant to quit the service
and attach himself to the duke of Austria.
x 2

303
He was convicted of high treason, and,
for this and other offencei_ was beheaded
at Tours, in Gompany with his lieutenant.
After the execution, master Henry Cousin,
who had beheaded them, carried their
heads and part of their members to be
fastened to the gates of Bethune and
Arras. The lord de Mauves, whose company
of a hundred lances had been broken, was
also confined a prisoner in Paris. He was
arrested at the hotel du Cornet, near to St
Jean en Greve, by Philip L'Huillier, go
vernor of the bastile, and was afterward
carried by him or others to the king at
Tours, where he was set at liberty, as
innocent of the crimes laid to his charge.

309
[a. d. 1479.]
CHAR XXVIII.
OF THE KING'S PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.—
THE FLEMINGS ARE ADMITTED INTO CAM-
BRAY. — SEVERAL TOWNS IN BURGUNDY
REDUCED TO THE KING'S OBEDIENCE, WHO
OFTEN VISITS CHAMPAGNE IN CONSE
QUENCE- — AMBASSADORS ARRIVE FROM
SPAIN. — THE DUKE OF ALBANY COMES TO
PARIS. — THE DUKE OF AUSTRIA DEFEATED
NEAR THEROUENNE, AND THE SON OF THE
KING OF POULAINE TAKEN PRISONER. —
THE KING'S TROOPS ARE AGAIN SUCCESS
FUL, AND GAIN SEVENTEEN TOWNS 
FOUR SCORE FLEMISH VESSELS ARE CAP
TURED, BV COULON AND OTHER ADVEN
TURERS FROM THE COASTS OF NORMANDY,
IN THE COURSE OF THE ABOVE YEAR.
The king of Frarice, immediately after
Easter, made preparations for a renewal
©f the war, as the truce with Maximilian
was nearly expired, and as no ambassadors
had arrived from Austria to propose a pre-

310
longation of the truce, or to conclude a
definitive peace, as had been hinted during
the last conference.
In the month of • May following, al- '
though the truce Was not expired, the in
habitants of Cambray admitted into their
town Flemings, Picards, and other enemies
to the king, of the party of the duke of
Austria, who drove out the royalist garrisons
of the town and castle, notwithstanding the
king had given the guard of it to the lord
de Fiennes. Soon after, three or four
hundred lances, Flemings, and Picards,
appeared before Bouchain, in which were
only sixteen lances as garrison for the king.
They instantly retired into the castle, ob
serving that the townsmen Avere determined
to admit their enemies as soon as they should
appear. The Flemings had no sooner
gained possession of the town than they
attacked the king's lances, whom they took,
and put all to death, except one, who es
caped by hiding himself in a chamber, and
then dropping down, through one of the
privies, into the ditch. The king was very
indignant at this conduct, and not without
reason, for the truce had been violated

311
without thesriiallest blame attaching to him
or his subjects.
He lost no time in sending large trains
of artillery to the duchy and franche
comte of Burgundy, and great reinforce
ments of men at arms and franc-archers
to the governor of Champagne, whose ap
pointment of lieutenant:general he had re
newed. The governor exerted himself di
ligently, and took by storm the castle of
Rochefort, killing all within it, and plunder
ing it of its effects. He thence proceeded
to Dole*, which, after battering it some
time, he also won by storm, Avhen many
of the chief merchants were slain, and the
town was razed to the ground.
In the month of June, sir Robert d'Es
touteville, lord of Beyne, departed this life,
at Paris, having been provost of the same
for forty-three years. He was succeeded in
this office by Jacques d'Estouteville, son to
the deceased, in recompense, as the king said,
for his loyal services at the battle of Mon-
tlehery, and in other affairs. While the
king was at Montargis, he Avas much re-
* Dole, — on the river Doux, in Franche Comt<_.

$12
joked at the good news thatAvas there brought
him from sir Charles d'Amboise, and set
out for the abbey of Notre Dame des Vic-
toires, near Senlis, and make his offering!.
and thanksgivings. He thence came to the
castle of Vincennes, where he only staid a
night, and set out for Provins, on his road
to Champagne, Langres and other places.
In the mean time, great stores of ar
tillery, powder, saltpetre, and particularly
sixteen very large bombards, were embark
ed on the Seine, to be transported to Chalons,
Champagne and Bar le Due, to attempt
the conquest of Luxembourg, — but that
expedition did not take place.
Saturday the 3d of July, a handsome
embassy from Spain arrived at Paris, under
the care of the bishop df Lombez and the
abbot of Sit Denis, by orders from the king.
The provost of marchands, and the sheriffs
went out of the town to meet them, ac
companied by different ranks of people.
Having made their entrance into Paris, they
Avent to St Denis, where they were grandly
feasted by the abbot, having been enter
tained on their passage through Paris by
certain of the king's officers.

313
In this year, the duke of Albany came
to Paris, having been driven out of Scotland
by the king his brother, to seek a refuge
with the king of France *. Great honours
were paid him ; and the lord de Gaucourt,
as king's lieutenant, with all the professions
of Paris, went out to meet him, and accom
pany him on his entry into Paris, by the
gate of St Anthony, on the road leading
to Vincennes. He Avas lodged in the rue
St Martin, although he had not more
than ten or twelve horse in his company :
and the king ordered that Monipenny and
Concressaul^ tAvo Scotsmen of rank in the
french service, should attend upon him f.
* It is singular that the three contemporary mo-
narchs, Edward IV. of England — James III. of Scotland
— Louis XL of France, should have each murdered
his brother. t For further particulars relative to the duke of
Albany, I refer to Pinkerton's History of Scotland.
In a note to the Cronique Scandaleuse by the abb6
Lenglet du Fresnoy, he says, — * Alexander Stuart,
brother to James III. king of Scotland, died at Paris
1483, and was buried in the convent pf the Celestins.
But by Pinkerton he was alive in 1484, and was ac
cidentally killed, when a spectator at a tournament at
between the duke of Orleans and anbther knight,
by a splinter from a lance. His sam John was duke

314
In the month of August, the Flemings,
who were quartered in the frontier towns
of Flanders, took the field with the intent
to combat the king's forces, and advanced
toAvard Therouenne. They battered tlje
town much with their artillery ; but it Avas
gallantly defended by the lord de St Andre,
lieutenant of a hundred lances under the
duke of Bourbon, and other lords and cap
tains of the king's army. While this was
passing, the different royal garrisons in
Picardy, collected together for the relief of
Therouenne; and having taken the field,
they came in sight ofthe flemish army within
one league of Therouenne. This army was
very numerous, and Avas said to have com-
sisted of sixty thousand combatants, under
the command of the duke of Austria, the
count de Romont, and others of that party.
A sally was made from Therouenne by the
garrison the moment their friends were near,
by seA^eral companies of lancemen, under
the command of the lord des Cordes and
other captains ; and 'their attack was so
rapid and vigorous that the vanguard of
of Albany, and regent of Scotland during the mi
nority of James Y.

315
the duke of Austria was defeated, with
great slaughter and loss of baggage.
While the van of the enemy were
pursued, some of the king's franc-archers
too busily employed themselves in plunder
ing their baggage ; and the count de Romont
who had; from fourteen to fifteen thousand
infantry under his command, . fell on them,
and slew the greater part. It Avas said
that the loss on both sides, that day,
amounted to nearly fifteen thousand men,
of which from eleven to twelve thou
sand Avere Burgundians. The French like
wise made nine hundred or a thousand
prisoners ; and in the number was the son
of the king of Poulaine, and another youth
said to be the favourite ofthe duke of Austria,
with many others of good family and large
fortunes *.
On the king's side, the captain Bea-
voisien, and Vaast de Mompedon, bailiff
of Rouen, were killed, and about three
* This battle of Guinegate decided nothing; for
though Maximilian was beaten, he remained master
of the field, — and Comines says, that had he attempted
Therouenne or Arras, he would have found" both
towns empty.

316
hundred of the franc-archers. After this
defeat, the duke of Austria, the count de
Rorhont, and others of their captains, having
rallied their men, marched to a place, called
Malaunoy, in Avhich was a gascon captain,
called le Cadet Remonnet, having with
him seven or eight score gascon cross-bows.
The Burgundians attacked the place, Avhich
was for some time well defended by the
Gascons ; but at length it was stormed and
the greater part of the garrison put to death :
the rest saved themselves by leaping into
the ditches,. With regard to Remonnet
he Avas made prisoner, and, on assurance
of his life, carried to the duke of Austria,
who, regardless of the assurance that had
been given, had him hanged, three days
afterward, in cold blood. The king of
France was so enraged at this that he or
dered fifty of the principal prisoners that
had been taken to be hanged by the provost
marshal, by way of revenge. Seven of the
chief prisoners were hanged on the spot
where Remonnet had been executed, — ten
before Douay, ten before St Omer, ten
before Arras, and ten before Lille. The
provost Avas escorted, to perform these exe-

317
cutions, by eight hundred lances and six
thousand franc-archers, who afterwards ad
vanced into the country of Guines and
Flanders, where they took seventeen towns
or strong holds, burning and destroying
the country, and carrying off cattle, sheep,
horses, and every thing portable, to their
different garrisons.
At this time, Coulon and pther adven
turers at sea from the coasts of Normandy
captured four score flemish vessels, which
were on their voyage to fetch rye from
Prussia, to victual their country, and the
produce ofthe herring fishery for that year.
It was the greatest loss that had befallen
the Flemings at sea for upwards of an hun
dred years, and they suffered much from
it

318
[a. d. 1480.]
CHAP. XXIX.
AN EMBASSY ARRIVES FROM THE KING OF
ENGLAND TO THE KING OF FRANCE. —
THE KING ISSUES A COMMISSION AGAINST
THE DUKE OF BOURBON. — THE CARDINAL
OF ST PIETRO AD VINCULA COMES TO
FRANCE AS LEGATE. — THE KING SETS
THE CARDINAL BALLUE AT LIBERTY. 
A BODY OF SWISS TROOPS SUBSIDISED
INSTEAD OF THE FRANC-ARCHERS.  A
VERY SEVERE WINTER. — TRUCES ARE
ESTABLISHED BETWEEN THE FLEMINGS
AND THE ENGLISH.
At the commencement of this year, the lord
Howard, a prothonotary, and other am
bassadors from England, crossed the chan
nel to wait on the king of France re
specting the maintaining of the truce.
They were handsomely received, and mag
nificently feasted by the king, who, on
their return, made them rich presents in
money and in silver plate.

319
In this year, the king issued a com
mission to master John Avais, counsellor
in his court of parliament, and to John
Doyac ofthe town of Cusset*, in Auvergne,
to examine into different charges that had
been made against the duke of Bourbon
his toAvns, officers, and subjects. These
two men accepted their commission with
pleasure, in the hope of destroying the
duke of Bourbon, against all truth and
justice, but in order to gain the good
graces of the king, and to force the duke
into banishment. In obedience to the
commission, they summoned all the prin
cipal officers of the duke, such as his
chancellor, his attorney-general, the captain
of his guard, and others, to appear per
sonally before the court of parliament
on an appointed day, when they were
severally interrogated by commissaries, and
detained long in Paris. Master Francis
Hasle, the king's advocate, pleaded against
them, and wanted stronger measures to
be pursued, — but they were all set at
* Cusset, — a town in the Bourbonnois, near St
Gerand.

320
liberty by the court, and returned to their
homes. Master John Hebert, bishop of Con
stance, was next summoned to appear
before the parliament, to answer to certain
crimes of which he Avas accused. On his
appearance, he was examined, and, by
orders of the court, was committed as a
prisoner to the prisons ofthe Conciergerie.—
and all his temporal effects were confiscated
to the king's use.
In the month of August, a truce
was concluded Avith the duke of Austria
for seven months : during three of them
a free intercourse was to be allowed for
merchants and merchandise" to pass and
repass from each country : three others
Avere to be void of all warfare, — and
the seventh for consideration as to war
or peace. Monday the 4th of September, the
cardinal of St Pietro ad vincula*, legate
from the pope, arrived at Paris, and was
most honourably received there by all
ranks of people, who went out to meet
¦* Julian de la Rovere, afterwards pope Julius II.

him , by the gate of. St Jacques. All the
streets through which he passed to the
Church of Notre Dame, where he made
his devotions, were hung with tapestry.
When these were finished he proceeded
to the , lodgings that had been , prepared
for him at the college of St Denis near
the Augustins, accompanied by the cardinal
of Bourbon. On the Tuesday master Olivier le
Diable, called le Daim, the king's barber,
feasted the legate, the cardinal of Bourbon,
and many other prelates and nobles, as
grandly as possible. When dinner was
over, he carried them to the park of
of Vincennes, to amuse themselves in
hunting deer; after which, they returnr
ed to their different homes.
On Thursday and Friday, the vigil
and feast of the nativity of the blessed
Virgin, the legate attended A^espers in the
church of Notre Dame ; and great crowds
were there to see the ceremonies observ
ed on the occasion, which were solemn
and magnificent. Ori Sunday the legate dined and
supped with the cardinal of Bourbon at
VOL. XI. Y

322
his h^tel. There were present, at these
entertainments, riiany archbishops, bishops,
and nobles of high rank ; such as thq
archbishops of Besaricon and Seris, the
bishops of Chartres, NeVers, Therouenne,
Amiens, Aleth*, and others ; the lord de
Curtori, Moireau, master of the house
hold to the king, and many more.
Monday the 14th, the legate went
to St Denis, where he was feasted, by
the abbot, arid thence into Picardy and
Flanders, to attempt bringing about a peace
between the king and the duke of Austria.
He staid some time at Peronne, thinks
ing he Ishould have an easy access into-
Flanders, whither the king sent master
Francis Hasle, the provost of Paris, and
others, who returned Avithout having done
any thing.
The legate carne back to vParis on
the '21st of December, and Avent to the
hotel of Bourbon, where he was enter
tained, by the cardinal at supper, and
lay there that night. On the morrow
he left the hotel . of Bourbon by the gol-
* Aleth,— a small city hi upper Languedoc.

S&3
den gate, and crossed the . river to the
hdtel of Neelle, where he mounted hif /
horse, which was waiting for^ him, and
proceeded, Avith his attendants, to "Orleans,
and there remained until the king had
set at liberty the cardinal Ballue, who
Came to the legate at Orleans.
The king had remained almost the
whole of the winter in Tourairie. About
the Epiphany he went to Poitiers, and
other places, and returned to Tours, and
to Forges*, the end of January. It was
about this time that the king reduced the .
whole body of franc-archers in France,
and substituted, in their place, the_ Swiss
with their pikes; and he caused a pro
digious quantity of pikes, halberds, and
large daggers, to be made, by all the
cutlers in his kingdom.
The winter, this year, began late:
there was no frost until St Stephen's day,
and it lasted only until the 8th of Fe
bruary. But, if it began late, it was
* Forges. There are-several towns of this name
one in Aunis, near la Rochelle, which I should sup
pose to be the one in the text,— another in. Nor-
inandy, famous for its mineral waters.
Y 2

3H
most severe ; for the oldest persons did
\ not remember the frost so sharp: the
river Seine, Yonne, Marne, and all
that fell, into the Seine, were so hard
frozen, that all kinds of carriages passed
over, as on dry land. Great mischiefs
were done j;o several bridges by the thaAV :
some were quite ruined, and carried away
on the before-named rivers, — and large
pieces of ice drove riiany boats against
the bridges of Notre Dame and Saint
Michel at Paris. They, however, for
some hours, formed a rampart, arid per
haps saved these bridges; but, the danger
was thought so great that all Avho lived
upon them carried away every thing of
val ue out of their houses. The ice broke
seven of the large piles at the Temple-
mill. During this hard Aveather, no floats
of Avood came down the river, — Avhich
raised the price excessively, insomuch that
the billet cpst seA^en or eight -sols parisis.
To relieve the poorer sorts, the country
people of the neighbouring villages daily
brought green wood in carts or on horses'
backs to Paris. The Avood Avould have
been dearer if the astrologers had told

325
truth, for they predicted that this frost
Avould last until the 8th of March: the
thaAv, however, began three weeks sooner
than they had foretold, — but the Aveather
continued extremely cold until May Avas
far advanced, which destroyed all the
buds of the early vines, and the fruit-
blossoms were cut off.
In the course of the Avinter, and even
during the month of April, Avhen the
truce Avith the Flemings expired, no hos
tilities took place; for the duke of Austria,
had sent an embassy to the king, at
Tours, and a prolongation of the truce
was agreed on for one year, in the ex*-
pectation that in the interval nieans might
be found for a general peace. Another
embassy came likeAvise from England res
pecting the truce; arid the king took
the trouble of going as far as Chateau Reg
nault*, to meet the ambassadors and hear
their business. This being settled, they
returned to king Edward, — and on their
departure, it Avas publicly said, that the
•?'Chateau "Regnault,— a town in Totrraine, near
Tours. '- .''. . -¦

326
truce between France and England had
been renewed for a very long time.
In the month of March, the king
was suddenly taken ill while at Plessis
le Pare, near Tours, and was for some
time in very great danger ; but, by the
grace of God, his health was restored,
and he was soon perfectly recovered.

[a. d. 1481.]
CHAP. XXX.
THE KING OF FRANCE FORMS A CAMP BE
TWEEN PONT DE L'ARCHE AND PONT
DE ST PIERRE. — ARMOUR WHICH THE
DUKE OF BRITTANY HAD ORDERED FROM
MILAN IS INTERCEPTED. — THE KING
TAKEN ILL AT TOURS. — -DURING CERTAIN
PILGRIMAGES HE MAKES, HE VISITS THE
DAUPHIN AT AMBOISE, AND GOES THENCE
TO ST CLAUDE. — A GREAT FAMINE THIS
YEAR.
Early in this year the king ordered ari;
inclosed camp, which he had caused tp

be made of wood, to be erected on a large
plain near Pont de l'Arche, to be ready
when he should take the field against his
enemies, and went thither to see it. With
in were posted a numerous body of men
armed Avith pikes and halberds, according
to his new regulations. The command of
these troops Avas given, to sir Philip de
Crevecoeur, lord des Cordes, and to master
William Picard, bailiff of Rouen. The
king ordered the men to remain in this
camp the space of a month, to see how
it would answer, and what sorts of pro
vision, would be the most suitable to
them. This camp was, ordered to be ready
on the 15th of June ; and the king on
his way thither, celebrated the feast of
Whitsuntide at the church of our Lady
in Chartres. Thence he came to Pont
de l'Arche, apd to this large inclosure,
which was formed between Pont de
VArche and Pont de Saint Pierre. One
side of the inclosure had a ditch on the
outside, — and within were pitched tents
and pavilions, with the artillery an i all
requisite stores, The lung judged from its

proportions what quantity of provision
would be necessary were the space com
pletely filled with all he intended to send.
When he had visited and fully examined
it, he departed, very well satisfied for
Chartres, Selome, Vendome, and Tours,
Jhaving ordered the troops that had been
encamped to march back to their former
quarters. The duke of Brittany had sent, in
the course of this year, to purchase
armour at Milan ; such as cuirasses, sa-
lades, &C. which were packed up with
cotton to prevent their rattling, and like
bales of silks. These packages Avere put
on mules, and arrived in safety until they
came to the mountains of Auvergne, Avhen
the officers of John Doyac* seized them
and sent instant information thereof to
to the king, Avho, by way of recompense,
gave the armour to John Doyac and his
servants. The vines almost universally failed
this year throughout France, — and the
* John Doyac — '"was governor of the province
of Auvergne. '¦'' .

3±g
Avines ofthe preceding year, though of little
worth, were sold, in consequence, at an extra
vagant price : what at the beginning of
the year Avas sold for four deniers the
bottle at taverns now rose to twelve. Some
merchants of Paris, who had preserved
their wines at Champigny sur Marne and
other places, sold it by retail very dear,
viz. at not less than two sols parisis the
bottle, Avhich Avas at the rate of thirty-six
livres the hogshead. The scarcity Avas
so great that the wine-merchants were
obliged to fetch Avine from the farther
parts of Spain, which was brought to
Paris. :-.¦'¦.
The garrisons on the frontiers of
Picardy and Flanders, regardless of the
truce, made constant inroads on each other.
carrying on adeadly warfare; for whatever
prisoners were made, they were unmercifully
hanged by both parties, without ever ac
cepting of ransoms.
The king, when recovering fromliis
late illness, set out from Tours for Thouars,
where he had a relapse, and was . in
.great danger of dying. To obtain better
health, he sent great .offerings, and large

330
sums of money, to divers churehes, and
made many religious foundations. Among
others, he founded in the holy, chapel at
Paris, a perpetual mass, to be daily chaunt-:
ed at seven o'clock in the morning, iq
honour of St John, by eight choiristers
from Provence, Avho had belonged to the
chapel of the late Rene king Of Sicily,
and on his decease had been taken into,
the service of the king of France. He
established one thousand livres parisis as
the fund for this mass, to be received
annually from the receipt of taxes on all
sea-fish sold in the markets at Paris.
The king had also vowed to make
a pilgrimage to St Claude*, which he
undertook, but AA'ent first to make his
offerings to our Lady of Clery, and
thence departed for St Claude. For the
security of his persori* he was escorted
by eight hundred lances, and a large force
ef infantry, amounting, in all, to. six thou
sand combatants. BefoflB \ie set out from
Touraine, he went to Amboise to see his
son the dauphin, Avhom he had but little
* St Claude,— in Franche Comt£, sis leagues
from Geneva.

331
noticed, gave him his blessing, and put
him under the care of the lord de Beau
jeu, whom he. made lieutenant-general of
the kingdbm during his absence. The
king declared to the dauphin that he must
obey the lord de Beaujeu in Avhatever he'
should order him, the same as if he himself
were present and gave the orders.
Corn Avas exceedingly dear this year
throughout France, more especially in the
Lyonnois, Bourbonnois, and in Auvergne,
insomuch that great numbers of people
died of famine; and had it not been for
the profuse alms and succours from such
as had corn, the mortality would have
been more than doubled. Crowds of poor
people left the above-named provinces, and
came to Paris and other great toAvns.
They Avere lodged in the barn and con
vent of St Catherine-du-Vabdes-ecoliers,
whither the good citizens of both sexes
Came from Paris to relieve and nurse them.
They were at length carried to the great
hospital, Avere the most part of them died ;
for when they attempted to eat they could
not, having fasted so long that their stomachs
were ruined.

332
[a. d. 1482.]
CHAP. XXXI.
THE- DEATHS OFTHE LADY JANE OF FRANCE,
DUCHESS OF BOURBON, AND OF THE
COUNTESS OF FLANDERS,' — AND ALSO OF
SEVERAL PERSONS AT PARIS. — EVENTS
THAT HAPPENED THERE. — THE KING RE
TURNS FROM HIS PILGRIMAGE TO ST
CLAUDE, TO NOTRE DAME OF CLERY, AND
TO OTHER PLACES. — AMBASSADORS AR
RIVE FROM FLANDERS.— OFTHE CAPTURE
OF THE TOWN OF AIRE. — OF THE AS
SASSINATION OF THE LORD LOUIS OF BOUR
BON, BISHOP OF LIEGE. — OTHER EVENTS
THAT HAPPENED IN THE COURSE OF THE
ABOVE YEAR.
On Thursday the 4th of May, between
four and five in the afternoon, that noble
example of good morals and virtue, the
lady Jane of France, wife to John duke
ofthe Bourbonnois and Auvergne, depart
ed this life, in her castle of Moulins in
the Bourbonnois, in consequence of a fever

333
which the art of medicine could not sub
due. She was buried in the church of
our Lady at that toAvn, and was greatly
lamented by her lord, her servants, and
indeed by all in France who wrere any
Avay acquainted with her virtues and the
many excellent qualities she was endowed
with. Some little time prior to this event
died the countess of Flanders and of
Artois, sole child to the late Charles duke
of Burgund)r, wife to the duke of Austria,
and niece to the duke of Bourbon. She
left issue two children, a son and a daughter,
who remained at Ghent under the guar
dianship of the Flemings.
In this same year of 1482, many
noble persons of both sexes died of fevers
and other incurable disorders. 'In the
number were the archbishops of Narbonne
and Bourges, the bishop of Lisieux, master
John le Boulenger, first president of the
parliament, sir Charles de Gaucourt, lieu
tenant for the king in the town of Paris,
who was much regretted, — for he was
a handsome frank knight, a prudent man
and very learned. Several counsellor :. and

334
advocates. of the parliament died also:
among others, master Nicolle Bataille,
who Avas said to be the greatest lawyer
in all France, a good and pleasant com
panion, ' and Avas, not without reason,
much lamented. It was said that he died
of indignation and grief at the conduct
of his wile the daughter of the late mas
ter Nicolle Erlaut, who had been treasurer
of Dauphiny. Notwithstanding that she
had enjoyed all possible pleasure with her
husband, had brought him twelve children,
and he Avas not' more than forty-four
years of age when he died, yet she con
ducted herself most wantonly, and like a
common strumpet, with several rakish
fellows during her marriage. In the num
ber, she was particularly attached to a
young lad called Regnault la Pie, son
to a Avoman who sold sea-fish in the
Paris-market. He had been formerly in
great confidence with the king, as ' his
valet de chambre, but had been dismissed
for some faults and irregularities, of which
Olivier le Diable, called Le Daim, his
companion, and barber to the king, had ac
cused him.

335
This woman became passionately fond
of him, and for his support sold or pawned
her jewels, and the plate of her husband,
— and even robbed her husband of money
to give to her lover. Of all this, the husband
was informed : and anger and grief thereat
caused his death, Avhich was a great loss.
May his soul rest in repose in the kingdom
of Heaven !
The king returned from St Claude to
the abbey of our Lady at Clery very ill;
He performed nine days devotion there;
and by the grace of the blessed Virgin, in
Avhom he had singular faith, he Avent away
greatly recovered and eased of his com
plaints. During his stay at Clery, there
Was great mortality in his household : among
others, died a doctor of divinity, whom he
had lately appointed his counsellor and al
moner: he was the son of a butcher, a
native of Tours, and his name was doctor
Martin Magistfi. The king On leaving
Clery Went to Mehun sur Loire, and to
St Laurens des EauX, and remained there
abouts until , the middle of August, when
he returned to Clery to celebrate the feast
of the Virgin. While at Clery, an hand-

336
some embassy Came to him from Flanders,
who explained to his ministers thatthe cause
of their coming was to endeavour to obtain
a conference to be holden, — for that the sole
wish of the country of Flanders was to have
a lasting peace with the king. These am
bassadors were Avell received by him, — and
he gave such answers as satisfied them. On
their return to Flanders, they Avere, by the
king's orders, conducted by the lord de St
Pierre to Paris, and well feasted by the
provost of marchands and sheriffs : thence
they set out for Ghent, and the other towns
in Flanders Avhence they had come.
After the return of the Flemish ambas
sadors, the king ordered the troops that
were in garrison in Picardy to take the field
under the command of the lord des Cordes.
This army made a fine appearance, consisting
of fourteen hundred Avell furnished lances, six
thousand Swiss, and eight thousand pikes.
They marched triumphantly, but Avithout
noise, to lay siege to the town of Aire, which
is a considerable place betA\-een St Omer
and Therouenne, and was garrisoned by a
party from the duke of Austria. The French
soon opened their batteries and frightened

337
the inhabitants; but some of the captains
of the garrison, having a good understanding
with the lord des Cordes, concluded a ca
pitulation for the surrender of the place to
him. It was managed by a knight called
the lord des Contrans *, who was of Picardy,
and governor of the toAvn for the duke of
Austria. On his surrendering the place, he
took the oaths of allegiance to serve the king
faithfully, — and the king, as a recompence,
gave him the command of a hundred lances.
He also received thirty thousand golden,
crowns in ready money.
In the months of August and Septem
ber of this year, sir William de la Mark,
surnamed the Wild Boar of the Ardennes,
conspired to levy a bloody Avar against that
noble prince, and reverend father in God,
the lord Louis de Bourbon, bishop of Liege,
by whom he had been brought up and
educated. His object was to assassinate the
bishop, that his brother might succeed him
in the bishoprick. To assist him in his
abominable enterprise, the king' of France
supplied him with men ; and he collected
* Lord des Contrans. It is Cohem in Comines.
VOL. XI. 2

338
in and about P_tris a body of three thousand
good-for-nothing fellows, whom he clothed
in scarlet jackets, havirig on their left sleeve
the figure of a boar's head. They were
lightly armed; and in this state he led them
irito the country of Liege, where, on his-
arrival, having intelligence with some traitors
iri the city, he urged them to excite the bi
shop to march out of the town, that he
might accoiriplish his ends ori him.
Urider pretence, therefore, of attadi-
.tientto his person, they advised him strongly
to march against the enemy at the gates,
and assured him that they Would all follow
him in arms, and support and defend him
to the last drop of their blood, and there
was not the smallest doubt but the wild boar
would be defeated with disgrace. The bi-
_>hop Complied with their advice, sallied
but of Liege, and advanced to where La
.Mark was posted. La Mark, observing
this, quitted his ambush, and marched strait to
the bishop ; and the traitors of Liege, now
findirig their bishop in the hands of
_his erierny, fled back to their town without
striking a blow. The bishop was greatly
dismayed at this, — for he had now no one

339
with him but his servants and vassals, while
La Mark came up to him, and without
- saying a word, gave him a severe cut across
the face, and then killed him with his own
Jiand. This done, L,a Mark had the body
stripped and placed naked in front of the
cathedral church of St JLambert in Liege,
where he was shown dead to all the in
habitants who wished to see him. Almost
immediateljr after his death, the duke of
Austria, tfie prince of Orange, and the count
de Romont arrived wijth troops to succour
him ; but on hearing of his unfortunate fate,
they marched away witfyput doing any
thing.

z 2

340
ClIAP. XXXII.
*
The king's illness continuing, he comes-
from tours to amboise, to recommend
to his son olivier le daim. — of the
marriage of the dauphin with the
countess margaret of flanders.— a
peace concluded between the kings
of england and scotland, which in
cludes the good duke of albany. 
the king recommends his health to
the devotions of the monks of the
church of st denis.
The king was again so dangerously ill, at
Plessisle Pare, that he was much afraid of dy
ing, and, for this reason, Avas carried to Am
boise, to see his son. He made many Avise re
monstrances to him on the state of his king
dom, — and as he thought his was an in
curable disorder, he exhorted him, after his
decease, to have some of his most faithful
servants, whom he Avould name, in his good
remembrance. He mentioned first master
Olivier le Diable, called le Daim, his barber,
and John de Doyac, governor of Auvergne,

341
as having served him loyally, — and that
Olivier had done him most essential servi es»
which he could never have accomp ish _d
himself without his aid : that Olivier was a
foreigner, — and he advised him to make
use of him and keep him in those offices
which he had given him. The king re
commended also the lord du Bocage, and
sir Guyot Pot, bailiff of the Vermandoi:-'
charging the dauphin to folloAV their coun
sels, Avfiich he had always found good and
prudent. He desired of his son that
he Avould not dismiss any from their
offices, and that he would pay every at
tention to his poor people, Avhom he had re
duced to great distress and poverty. He'
remonstrated with him on many other sub
jects, which were afterward made public
in the court of parliament, and in the
principal of towns of the realm.*
The king advised the dauphin to give
the command' of his troops to the lord des
Cordes, whom he had ajwavs found able
and trusty, of excellent cbnduct, and a
notable k ni ght . H aving held this disco u rse
* See the 366th number of Proofs to the me.
mojrs of Comines, for a copy ofthe instructions
of Louis XI, to the dauphin.

342
the kirig then returried to Plessis near
Tours. At this time, the king sent for a num
ber of musicians, Avho played on low-toned
instruments, whom he lodged at St Come
riear to Tours. They were about six score
iri number, and, with some shepherds from
Poitou that played^on their pipes, assembled
before the king's apartments, but never saw
him, and there played for his amusement
and to prevent him from falling asleep. On
the other hand, he collected a great many
devout people of both sexes, such as hermits
and others of holy lives, to pray incessantly
to God that his days might be prolonged *.
Inuthe months of October and Novem
ber, an embassy "arrived from Flanders, —
and the king referred them to master John de
la. Vacquerie, a native of Picardy, and
who had lately been appointed first president
of the court of parliament, the lord des
Cordes, and others. They held frequent
conferences, and at length agreed to a treaty
of peace betweeri the king and the Flemings,
— and by one of the articles, the dauphin
* Among others, he sent for Francis of Paule?
afterwards St Francis, and the founder of the order
of Minimes in Fiance.

343
was to marry the daughter of the diiljie of
Austria, then under the guardianship of the
town of Ghent. The king was much re
joiced at this, and was very willing tp
sjgn the treaty. Te Deums Avere chauntefl
throughout the realm,' for jpy of this event,
ano! bonfires made in all the streets pf
Tours. *
It was now reported, that the flemish
ambassadors were gone to Qhent, to bring
back to Paris their countess, and that thp
king Jiad ordered the lady of Beaujeu his
eldest daughter, the countess of- Dunois-J-
sister to the queen, the lady of Thouars,
the lady of the lord admiral, and other ladies
and damsels to be ready to receive jher, as
it was expected she would arrive at Paris
about the 8th of December : but her arrival
was postponed until some trifling matters
of dispute, that had arisen on the part of
the Flemings, should be settled.
In this year, a war broke out between
the kings of England and Scotland; and
the Scots advanced very far intp England,
* For particulars relative to the treaty of Arras
see number 369. of Proofs to Comines.
t Agnes, daughter to Louis duke of jSavoy,
wife to Francis I, count of Dunois.

344
where they did much mischief: but not
withstanding the Scots were one hundred
thousand men more than the English, a
treaty was entered into by means of the
duke of Albany, brother to the king of
Scotland. The duke of Albany had laid
claim to the croAvn of Scotland, which he
'said his brother had usurped from him ; for
that they were twin-children, and he had
teen the first that was delivered on earth,
and therefore, by right of seniority, the
crown Avas his. The duke of Albany had
concluded a treaty with the English, which
had prevented any battle being fought :
and the scots army returned to their coun
try, and the English to their garrisons *.
In the month of January, the flemish
ambassadors, who had concluded a peace
by means of the marriage of the dauphin
with the lady Margaret of Austria, return.
* Mr Pinkerton attributes to Richard duke of
Glocester the rebellion of the duke of Albany, and
his assumption of the title of Alexander "King of
Scotland. Alban)' joins Glocester on his march
against Berwick ; but the Scottish king is forced to
return on account of a revolt of his nobles, who
destroy his favourites.
See Pinkerton's history of Scotland, — for the
account in the text is very erroneous.

343
ed to France. By orders from the king,
the principal persons of Paris went out to
meet them, having, at their head the bishop
of Marseilles, the king's lieutenant in
Paris, the provost of marchands, and the
sheriffs. A doctor in divinity, named
Scourable, made the ambassadors a fine
harangue, Avhich pleased them greatly. On
the morrow, which was Sunday, the 4th
of January, they attended high mass at the
church of Notre Dame, Avhither a general
procession was made, — and the doctor,
Scourable, preached an excellent sermon,
which gave much satisfaction. Te Deum
was sung, and bonfires Avere made, and
public tables were spread in the principal
streets, When the church-service Avas over,
the ambassadors were grandly entertained
by the city of Paris in the town-hall.
The lord cardinal of Bourbon was as
much, if not more, rejoiced than any one,
on peace being restored : and in honour
of it, had a splendid morality, or farce> ex
hibited at his hotel of Bourbon, which
numbers of the Parisians went to see, and
were much delighted with their entertain
ment. It would have been more brilliant;

346
but the weather was very rainy and wet,
which damaged the tapestry and other de
corations that adorned the court of the
hotel, for it was covered and hung with
tapestry, of which the cardinal had very
great abundance. The ambassadors, having
been spectators of this entertainment, de
parted from Paris, on the ensuing day, to
wait on the king at Amboise. They had a
most gracious reception, and saw the dauphin
twice, who treated them very kindly. On
their quitting Tours, whither they had after
ward gone, the king ordered thirty thousand
crowns, stamped with the sun, to be given
them to defray their expenses, besides a
handsome service of plate which he pre
sented to them, On the return of the am
bassadors to Paris, they had all the articles
ofthe peace publicly read, with open doors,
in the court of parliament, and then en-
registered. After this act, master William
Picard, bailiff of Rouen, conducted them
from the court of parliament to his house,
in the rue de Quinquempoix, where he
entertained them, and a large company,
with a most plentiful dinner.
The king wrote letters addressed to all

347
ranks in Paris, by which he earnestly be
sought them instantly to go to the church
Of St Denis, and pray to him to make in
tercession with Our Lord Jesus Christ,
that the north wind might not blow, — be
cause, according to the opinions of physicians,
the north wind did much harm to the health
of mankind, and to the fruits of the earth.
By the king's orders, numerous processions
were made at divers times from Paris to
St Denis, where public prayers were offered
up for his recovery, and many masses
chaunted.

348
[a. d. 1483.]
CHAP. XXXIII.
THE LORD AND LADY DE BEAUJEU, AND
OTHERS, COME TO PARIS, TO RECEIVE THE
DAUPHINESS.  THE DEATH OF KING
EDWARD OF ENGLAND. — THE DEATH OF
THE LADY MARGARET OF BOURBON COUN
TESS OF BRESSE. — THE ENTRY OF THE
DAUPHINESS INTO PARIS, AND HER RE
CEPTION THERE. — THE STEEPLE OF THE
CHURCH OF SAINTE GENEVIEVE BURNT. —
THE MARRIAGE OF THE DAUPHIN AND
DAUPHINESS.
On Saturday, the 19th day of April, after
Easter, the lord and lady de Beaujeu arrived
at Paris, on their way to Picardy, to receive
the dauphiness from the hands ofthe Flem
ings, who, by the late treaty of peace, were
to deliver her into the hands of the lord de
Beaujeu, as representative ofthe king. The
lady of Beaujeu made her entry into Paris,
as the king's daughter, and created some
new corporations of trades. She and her

349
lord were handsomely accompanied by great
barons and their consorts, such as the lord
d'Albret, the lord de St Valier, and others,
— the lady of the lord high admiral, and
many more ladies and damsels, — who staid
three days in Paris, during which they were
magnificently entertained by the cardinal of
Bourbon. In this month of April, Edward king
of England died, — as some said, of an apo
plexy, and others, that he was poisoned by
drinking too much: of the goodrwirie of
Challuau, which he had received as a pre
sent from the king of France. It was said,
however, that he was not carried off im
mediately, but lived long enough to secure
the crown to his eldest son. In this same
month', died also the lady Margaret of Bour
bon, countess of Bresse, wife to Philip of
Savoy, of a lingering illness, which her
physicians could not check : it was a pity,
for she was a good lady, full of virtue, and
much beloved.
On the 3d of May, by orders from
the king, all ranks in Paris, from the highest
to the lowest/ went in solemn procession to
St Denis, to pray for the prosperity of the

350
king, the queen, the dauphin, and all the
princes of the blood, and also to return
thanks for the flourishing appearance of the
Jfruits of the earth.
Monday the 2d of June, the dauphiness
made her public entry into Paris about
five o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied
by the lady of Beaujeu, and many others.
She entered by the gate of St Denis, where
three stages were erected : on the uppermost
was a representation of the king, as so
veredgn : on the second Avere two .beautiful
children, dressed in white damask, to re
present the dauphin and the lady Margaret
•of Flanders : on the lower one were re
presentations ofthe lord and lady of Beaujeu.
On each side of the different personages
wereJbong escutcheons of their arms embla-
__oned. There were likewise four figures, to
represent the peasantry, the clergy, the
tradesmen and the nobility, each of whom
addressed a couplet to her as she passed.
All the streets Avere hung with tapestry, and
{there were other pageants allegorical to the
dauphin and dauphiness. In honour of her
<arrival, all the prisoners in the different
;gaols were set at liberty, and several new
corporations of trades were made. '

351
On the 7th of June was a great thunder
storm at Paris between eight and nine at
night. A flash of lightning set fire to the
steeple ofthe church of St Genevieve, burnt
all the wood- work, which had lasted nine
hundred years, and melted all the covering
of lead, and the bells within the steeple.
It was supposed that one hundred weight
of lead on the steeple was destroyed, — so
that it was pitiful to see the damages done.
During the month of July, the mar
riage-feast ,of the dauphin and the lady
Margaret of Flanders was celebrated in the
town of Amboise ; at which were present
the most noble persons of the kingdom,
who had come thither by the king's orders,
from the cities and principal towns of his
realm.

X

3j_>
CHAP. XXXIV.
THE HOLY AMPULLA IS BROUGHT FROM THE
CHURCH OF SAINT REMY AT RHEIMS TO
THE KING OF FRANCE, WHEN DANGER
OUSLY ILL, AT PLESSIS LE PARC. — THE
DEVOUT DEATH OF LOUIS XI. — HE IS
BURIED IN THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY
AT CLERY.— MAY GOD PARDON HIS
SOUL !
In the course of this year, the king deter-
riiined to have the holy ampulla brought to
him from Rheims: Avhich had descended
filled with oil, by the Divine grace, by
nieans of a Avhite dove, in the year 500, to
good St Remy of Rheims, to anoint and
consecrate king Clovis of France, the first
Christian king, who died in the same year,
— and his body is interred in the church
of St Genevieve at Paris.
This sacred ampulla had remained in
the church of St Remy, for 983 years, when
it was taken thence by Claude de Mont-
faulcon, governor of Auvergne, whom the
king had especially commissioned for the
purpose. It was brought to Paris on the

353
last day of July, and was carried with -much
reverence, and in procession, to repose in
the holy chapel of the palace, Avhere it re
mained until the morroAv, and.Avas then
comreyed to the king at Plessis le Pare. It
was accompanied by the rods of Moses anti
Aaron, and the cross of victory, which had
been sent to the good king St Charlemagne,
that he might obtain a conquest over the
infidels. They had remained undisturbed
in the holy chapel, with other relics, until
they were removed, on this first day of
August, by the bishop of Sees, and others
appointed by the king to bring them to him
at Plessis. The 25th of August, the king's illness
so much increased that he lost his speech
and senses. News Avas brought to Paris,
on the 27th, that he was dead, by letters
from master John Briconnet, which obtained
belief, from the writer being a man of honesty
and credit. In consequence of this intel
ligence, the provost and sheriffs, to provide
against accidents, ordered a strong guard at
each of the gates, to prevent any persons
from entering into or going out of the town,
This caused it to be currently rumoured
VOL. xi. a a

354
that the king was dead, but the report was
unfounded, —for he recovered his speech and
senses, ate and drank, and lingered on until
the 30th of August, Avhen, betAAreen six and
seven in the evening, he gave up the ghost ;
and his corpse Avas instantly abandoned by
those who had been so obsequious to him
during his life.
His body Avas dressed as usual in such
cases, and carried from Plessis to the church
of our lady at Clery for interment, as he
had thus ordered it before his decease ; for
he would not be buried with the noble kings
of France, his predecessors, in the habitual
church of St Denis, — but would never give
any .reason that induced him to refuse being
there interred. It was, however, generally
thought that it Avas owing to his attachment
to the church of our lady at Clery, to Avhich
he had been a very great benefactor.
During his reign, there were some low
persons always about him, such as Olivier
le Diable, called le Daim, John de Doyac,
and others, who had committed very many
acts of injustice, in Avhom he had greater
confidence than in all his ministers or kin
dred. They had so overloaded the people

355
with taxes that, at the time of his death
they Avere almost in despair; for the wealth
he gained from his subjects he expended
upon churches, inbestoAving great pensions
among ambassadors, and people of low
degree, to whom he could not resist making
great gifts, insomuch that he had alienated
the greater part of the domain of the
crown. Notwithstanding the many serious
affairs he had had upon his hands during
his reign, he brought all his enemies under
subjection ) and he was so feared and re
doubted that there were non© so great in
France, not even those of his blood, Avho
slept in safety in their houses.
Before his decease, he was sorely afV
flicted with different disorders,— for the cure
of which his physicians prescribed many ex
traordinary remedies. May these afflictions
be the means of preserving bis soul, and
gain him admittance into paradise, through
the mercy of Him who reigns for ever and
ever! Amen.

a a 2

35Q
CHAP. XXXV.
THE GREAT CHRONICLES OF THE MOST
CHRISTIAN, MAGNANIMOUS, AND VIC
TORIOUS KING OF FRANCE, CHARLES VIII.
COLLECTED AND PUT TOGETHER BY ME»
PIERRE DESREY, SIMPLE ORATOR OF
TROYES IN CHAMPAGNE.

PROLOGUE.

I cannot sufficiently wronder, when I con
sider the extraordinary mutability of fortune
in this transitory life, nor hinder the tears from
filling my eyes. I had determined to Avrite a
Chronicle of the life of that most illustrious
king, prince Charles VIII. of France, in
the expectation that it might have been of
great length ; but although he was a mag
nanimous prince, full of proAvess and vic
torious, the fickleness- of Dame Fortune
having allowed him several praiseworthy
and triumphnt conquests, resigned him into
the hands of Atropos in the thirty-eighth
year of his age, and in the prime of man-
hooch

357
As a commencement to this chronicle,
I must say, that king Louis XI. departed
this life in the month of August, in the
year 1483, and that his only son, king Charles,
VIII. succeeded him; who, in his youth,
was somewhat tender and of delicate health,
— but, as he greAV up, he gave signs of a
good understaiiding, that could! distinguish
betAveen vice and virtue, — and, in the course
of a few years, he became a man of greater
ability by putting a check to his voluptuous
ness. From this, it may easily be foreseen
hoAV worthy he would probably have be
come if cjeath had not carried him off so
earlj'. His father, the late king, Avould not
alloAV him to learn the latin tongue, as he
thought polite literature would prove an
hinderance to his attending to the well govern
ing of his kingdom, — more especially as the
father perceived that his son had quick parts,
and being wrell informed in some things, he
thought applying to letters Avould also prove
dangerous in his delicate state of health ;
for, in his early years, he would have been
unable to have gone through any laborious
course of study.

358
However, not long aftei^ the death of
his father, he willingly began to read books
in the french language, and also made an
attempt to learn the latin. He commenced
his reign, like a pious prince, by paying
his devotions toward his God, and by listen
ing to the counsels of wise men, that he
might be instructed hoAV to govern his
kingdom with uprightness. He was naturals
rally affectionate to all his kindred, and earnest
that they might unite with him for the
general welfare of his people and king
dom.

359
[a. d. 1484.]
CHAP. XXXVI.
KING CHARLES VIII. CROWNED AT RHEIMS.
—HE AFTERWARDS VISITS SEVERAL TOWNS
1 IN FRANCE.  HE MAKES HIS ENTRY INTO
PARIS.— MASTER OLIVIER LE DAIM AND
HIS SERVANT DANIEL EXECUTED THERE.
 JOHN DE DOYAC HAS HIS EARS CUT OFF,
AND HIS TONGUE BORED WITH A HOT IRON.
¦. Vi . ¦- ¦
In the year 1484, king Charles, being four
teen years of age, was conducted by the
noble princes of his blood, namely the
duke of Orleans, the count of Angouleme,
the count of Foix, the count of Vendome,
the lord of Beaujeu, the lord of Dunois,
the duke of Lorraine, and numbers of
other princes, barons, and gentlemen, to the
city of Rheims, to be consecrated and
anointed with the holy oil. He Avas also
attended by the twelve peers of France, or
their substitutes, who all appeared to serve
him in their different functions, according
to ancient usage, in such cases established.

360
After the ceremony ofthe consecration, he de
parted from Rheims, to visit some of the
adjoining towns, wdiere he was received
with all due honours : the streets Avere hung
with tapestries, — and the clergy, Avith all
ranks of people came out to meet him, —
and bonfires and every demonstration of
joy at his arrival Avere displayed in every
town he came to.
About this time, one Daniel, a native
of Flanders, and servantto master Olivier le
Daim, was condemned for certain crimes by
him committed, to be hanged ori the gibbet at
Paris*, which was done. And Jiot long
after, his master Olivier, Avho had been in
the confidence of the late king, Avas sen
tenced to a similar punishment for having
acted criminally, aud been too bold in his
Avickedness, Another of the late king's fa
vourites, John de Doyac, was, Avithin a
short time, condemned by the court of par
liament to be publicly Avhipt by the hang
man, and to have orie of his ears ctit oif, and
his tongue bored with a hot iron in the pil
lory, at the market-place of Paris, for having
See a preceding note.

361
made too free Avith the effects of some of the
princes, and for having insulted them. He
was afterward carried from Paris to Mont-
ferrant, where he was again Avhipt, and
had the other ear cut off.
After king Charles had been conse
crated at Rheims, he was conducted to the
abbey of St Denis to be crowned, and to
perforin the accustomed ceremonies. Thence
he was carried by the aforesaid lords to
Paris, and made his entry as folloAvs : On.
the 6th of July, all ranks in Paris issued
out in handsome order, each person well
dressed, and according to his estate, to wait
on the king at St Denis, and to do him the
honour and reverence belonging to him.
The bishop of Paris and all his clergy were
among them, together Avith the whole court
of parliament, the provost of Paris, all the
officers ofthe courts of justice andof accounts,
the provost of marchands, the sheriffs, dressed
in their robes of state. This procession
advanced. a little beyond the chapel of St
Ladre, where it met the king, accompanied
by the duke of Orleans and the lords be
fore named. The provost and sheriffs
having paid due obeisance, presented to the

362
king the keys of the gate of St Denis,
through which he Avas to make his entry
into Paris. Each company having paid
their respects, and made .offers of all ap
pertaining to their different professions;
withdrew to the rear, to follow the king
according to their rank.)
Thus accompanied, the king entered
Paris on a courser, having rich trappings
of cloth of gold, armed in brilliant armour
excepting his helmet of parade, which was
triumphantly borne before, on a courser of
great value, and caparisoned in the same
manner as that he rode on. Instead of a
helmet, he wore a most brilliant crown,
adorned with precious stones, to show that
fie was king, — and a rich canopy of cloth
of gold was carried over him. The princes
and the other lords, were richly armed, —
and their horses were superbly decorated
in divers manners, to do honour to the king
on his entrance into the capital of his realm.
The gentlemen and pages of honour were
likewise superbly dressed, and so numerous
thatit is impossible to notice them.
Many pageants, mysteries, and other
devices, were displayed by the toAvn, having
an allegorical allusion to the king's name

363
of Charles. The streets were all hung with
tapestries : and there were persons appointed
in the principal ones to offer meat and wine
to all passengers. In, short, every one ex
erted himself to show his loyalty, and his
cordial love to the king. He was conduct
ed by the clergy in their robes, many bearing
relics, and rich jewels, to the church of
Notre Dame. At the corner ofthe rue neuve
de Notre Dame, he Avas met by the rector
of the university of Paris, attended by all
the doctors and other persons of science,
who, having made his reverence, delivered,
an eloquent oration. The king then pro
ceeded to the cathedral, and offered up his
thanksgivings ; which being done, he was
conducted to the palace, where a mag
nificent and plentiful supper was served
up in the great hall to the king, the
princes of the blood, and other great lords.
He lay that night at the palace, and re
mained in Paris soirie days.
After his entry the king helda royal
session in his court of parliament ; and he
sojourned several days in the city of Paris,
where he daily displayed the great love he
had for his people, and for the general
welfare of his kingdom. He had been

364
ivell instructed in his youth as to religion,
and ever remained a good Catholic, be-
loved by his subjects. Many councils Avere
held during the king's stay at Paris, of
the princes of the blood and great lords, on
the most effectual means for the relief of
his subjects, — and Avhen the conduct of
the late king in granting such prodigal pen
sions, in the profusion he was accustomed
to do, was laid before them, it Avas considered
that the revocation of ; these grants, and ap
plying them to the use of the state, Avould
be the best and speediest mode of affording
ease to the people. These affairs being
settled, sumptuous justs and tournaments
took place, on the joyful arrival of king
Charles in his town of Paris.
The king, on quitting Paris, Avent to
visit other toAAms, such as Rouen, Troyes,
and Orleans, into which he made his public
entry attended by his princes and nobility.
These arid other toAvns Avhich he- visited
received him most honourablv, and tried to
rival each other in their exertions to display
greater magnificence and more splendid en
tertainments on the king's coming among
them, so much was he respected and be
hoved throughout his kingdom.

365

CHAP, XXXVIL
ihe death of pope sixtus iv. — he is suc
ceeded by pope innocent viii.  of the
victorious War of king charles in
brittany.— he marries the princess
anne daughter to the noble duke
francis of brittany. — other events.
In the course of the latter end of this year
pope Sixtus IV. died at Rome: he had
been general of the Franciscans, and had
Avell and catholicly ruled the holy see during
the space of nearly thirteen years. He had
been very solicitous about the public wel
fare, in the reparation of churches, and in
embellishing the city of Rome, without
sparing his private purse Avhere he thought
the honour of God Avas any way interested .*
* In a note, p. 135 of Mr Andrews* History
of Great Britain, a very different character is given
of this pope: 'As ignorant as turbulent.' ' He re
ceived without respect, or hospitality, the learned
Greeks who fled from tbe Constantinople, and gave
s=o trifling a reward to Theo. Gaza for a translation
that the angry sage flung it away, and, leaving the
iudience, repeated a greek proverb, that thistles

On the 13th of August, he was sue*
ceeded in the papal dignity by Innocent
VIII.* He was from Genoa, of parents
in the middle ranks, but much respected
and beloved. His father's name was Aaron,
but his own was John Baptista, — and he
was a cardinal-priest, under the title of
Cardinal pf St Cecilia, but commonly
called the cardinal of Melfe. He was the
poorest and most humane of the whole
college of cardinals, and was deserving of his
election to the papal chair for his benignity
and humility. He was magnanimous, and very pru
dent in all his actions, — and from his conduct
during his legation at Sienna, he gave a
good example to his brother-cardinals, and
of what might be expected from him if
raised to the popedom. On that event
onlv could delight the palate of an ass.' Luckily
the pope did not understand the language of the
sarcasm.' * Innocent VIII. — John Baptista Cibo, a noble
genoese, but originally of greek extraction. Ha
was called, prior to his elevation to the papacy, the
Cardinal of Melfe. He had several children before
he entered holy orders, and did not neglect them
during his reign.

367
taking place, he opened the treasures o
the church to all faithful Christians for the
remission of their sins. He lived in good
union with the Romans and all other people
in Christendom. At this period, king Charles, with the
advice of his council, made arrangements
for the war in Picardy. The command of
that army Avas given to sir Philip de Cre
vecoeur, lord des Cordes; for Maximilian
duke of Austria, who had married the heiress
of the late duke of Burgundy, had raised
a poAverful army, to enable him to demand
with success the country of Artoise, and
other parts in Burgundy, although they
had been occupied by the late king, Louis
XI. and were since peaceably possessed by
his spn, the present king.
The lord des Cordes was therefore
ordered into Picardy, to resist any hostile
attempts that should be there made, and to
oppose Maximilian. According to the
chronicle of master Robert Gaguin, a
severe war broke out in the year 1485, in
Brittany, which was so prudently conducted
on the part of king Charles that he victoriously
gained almost the whole of that duchy.

368
During this Avar, duke Francis of Brittany
died, leaving two daughters : the one called
Anne succeeded shortly after to the duchy,
on the death of her sister. The king iioav
took the field in person, and attended by
manjr great lords and valiant captains, made
several attacks on the town of Nantes, to
prevent these daughters of the late duke
' of Brittany from marrying without his con
sent. This campaign, hoAvever, was not
very successful : for king Henry VII. of
England had sent a large force to the as
sistance of the Bretons, although, a short
time before this, Henry had fled from that
country as a fugitive, and sought an asylum
with king Charles. He remained Avith
' him some time, as he Avas liberally ajded
Avith money and men, with whom he crossed
the sea to England, where, after the death
of king Richard, he peaceably enjoyed that
kingdom, by means' of the aid he had
received from king Charles, which clearly
shows the ingratitude of the english mo
narch *.
The before-mentioned master Robert
* See the english historians.

369
Gaguin was sent on an embassy on this
subject to England, in company with
the lprd Francis de Luxembourg and
Charles de -Marigny*. However, after
all, the french army, under their king,
was victorious, more especially at the
battle of St Aubinf , while the king was
at Laval, Avhen the Bretons and English
were totally routed, with very great slaugh
ter. The French gained the field of battle,
— and for two leagues around, nothing
was to be seen but dead bodies. Near to
where the battle was fought was a wood
in Avhich the Bretons had lodged a great
deal of gunpoAvder; and thinking that
the French would attempt posting an
ambuscade therein they played their ar
tillery, which set fire to this powder, and
it blew up, to the great astonishment of
the French, who, by Divine Providence
(the true Protector of the French blood)
had not entered this wood. The explo
sion alarmed a stag, who ran out of the
* Their passport is, in the Fcedera, dated 10th
December 1490, for themselves and four score
horses. f See rflistoire de la Bretagne.
VOL. XI. £ b

370
wood, with eyes full of tears, and made
for the french army as for a place of
refuge. It should be noticed, that prior to
the engagement, large flocks of pies and
jays were seen to fight Avith such obsti
nacy in the air, at a place called La
Croix de Malere, that when victory de
clared for one party, the roads and fields
were Covered with the vanquished, which
seemed to the French a very extraordinary
circumstance. After the battle of St Aubin, a
pursuit took place, when many prisoners
Avere made, and others driven to seek
shelter in some of their strong places, to
save their lives. The French in conse
quence of their victory, conquered the
greater part of Brittany.
The principal lords of Brittany now
began to consider on the means of es
tablishing a lasting peace with the king
of France ; and as they thought his projected
union with the lady Margaret of Flanders
was riot agreeable to him, since Avar with
Maximilian her father had hitherto been
the only fruits of it? they prposed that

371
he should marry the duchess Anne of Bt it*
tany,— and by this means that duchy
would be firmly united to the crown of
France, and would form an alliance of
the utmost utility to all parties.

CHAP. XXXVIII.
KING CHARLES GENEROUSLY RESTORES
ROUSSILLON TO KING FERDINAND Otf
ARRAGON. — THE INSTITUTION OF THE
ORDER OF FILLES REPENTIES AT PARIS.
— THE TOWN OF ST OMER IS TAKEN BY
THE LORD DES CORDES. — A TREATY OF
PEACE CONCLUDED WITH THE KING OF
ENGLAND AFTER THE SIEGE OF BOU
LOGNE. — THE TREASON COMMITTED BY
CARQUELEVANT IN THE TOWN OF ARRAS.
— AMIENS WELL GUARDED. — THE TREA
TY BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND
THE ARCHDKUE OF AUSTRIA.
When the king was returned from his
expedition into Brittany, and had con
cluded a treaty with the Bretons on the
terras before mentioned, he generously
B b 2

372
restored to Ferdinand king of Arragon
the county of Roussillon, and gave him
a free acquittance of the sums of money
this county had been mortgaged for, — and
for the accomplishment of this, he sent
thither, as his ambassador, the lord Louis
d Ambois, bishop of Alby. There were
some, however, who thought that this
county should not have been restored, —
and, to appease all murmu rings on the
subject, the king had it published that he
had only acted in conformity to the orders
given by his late father, king Louis, when
dying. It was therefore the opinion of
many, that a perpetual friendship should
noAv be established between the kings of
France and of Arragon.
In the year 1494 Avas established the
order of repentant wromen and girls, who had
been public strumpets at Paris. The institu
tion of this order, in honour ofthe blessed
Mary Magdalen, was commenced by a
devout sermon preached by friar John
Tisserant, a Franciscan monk, — and a
house that belonged to the family of
Orleans was granted to them, wherein re
side many devout women.

373
After the restoration of the county
of Roussillon, the lord des Cordes was
so active Avith his army, in Picardy, that
he gained b)f force of arms, for the king,
the town of St Omer. He valiantly passed
the breach into the toAvn, his battle-axe
hanging on his Avrist, and followed by
numbers of gallant men at arms, shouting
out, ' Vive le roi !' which so astonished
the inhabitants that they submitted to his
pleasure. ' Some days after this, the king of
England, ungrateful for the services he
had receiAed from the king of France,
as has been mentioned, landed a large
force at Calais, and marched it to lay
siege to Boulogne. The lord des Cordes,
imagining that the English would make great
efforts to gain Boulogne, he being go
vernor of' Artois, left St Omer, haA'iug
well garrisoned it and other towns, in com
pany with the bastard cardon captain of
Arras, and hastened, Avith a bod)7 of French,
to throw himself into Boulogne, to oppose
the English, and force them to raise their
siege. In consequence of this, only Car-
quelevant, a Breton, remained in the

374
castle of Arras, — and that town was given
up traitorously to the archduke, as shall
be more amply detailed hereafter.
When the ford des Cordes* and
Cardon had shown their resistance to the
king of England's troops before Boulogne
they found means to conclude a peace
which was very advantageous to the king
dom of France: for the English were to
recross the sea without interfering more
jn the quarrel with the archduke.
Master Gaguin tells us, in his chro
nicle, that this peace was very agreeable
to the king of England ; for he loved the
French in his heart, but had been con
strained by his subjects to send this ar
mament to Boulogne, — and by his advice
and remonstrances he had prevented its
advancing farther into the kingdom ; but
that he had been obliged to dissemble, to
avoid being suspected by the English of
having too strong- an inclination to king
Charles, whose former kindnesses he could
never forget, and this treaty of peace
* The lord des Cordes — was used to say, that
he would willingly pass seven years in hell tp re.
cover Calais from the English.

375
was not long in being ratified by the two.
kings. Within two or three days after this
peace had been concluded, the town of
Arras was won by a party from Maxi
milian's , army during the night, o\ving
to the treason or neglect of Carquele-
vant. He had entrusted the keys of the
gates to some of his people, — so that
the enemy entered ihe place without meet
ing- any resistance whatever, while he was
asleep in bed. They first plundered all
the principal persons,andthen the churches ;
and. according to Gaguin, these Germans
committed such destruction that it seemed as
if they were come not to take possession of
the town but utterly to destroy it.
After some months, Maximilian ' de
molished a large tower in the market
place, and several other fortifications,
Avhich Louis XI. had erected te defend
the city against the town of Arras. He
also caused the Avails of the city to he
destroyed, and fortified the town against
it, which was not displeasing to several
of the inhabitants, as they hated even the
french name, although, from the remotest

376
antiquity, they had been alsays dependant
on the kings of France, as their sovereign
lords. .
Shortly after, Maximilian found means
to obtain a truce, that he might again
employ his army on similar expeditions,
— for the truce on his side was only a
pretence. It was not long before a party
from the garrison of Arras appeared under
the walls of Amiens at midnight, thinking
to take it by surprise; but the French
garrison and the toAvnsmen aa ere too well
on their guard, and made such good
use of their bows and artillery that they
' repulsed the enemy Avith vigour, so that
they Avere glad to retreat from the sub
urbs of St Pierre, where they had form
ed a lodgement, and return in all haste
to Arras, whence they had come. Had
the lord de Rubempre been allowed to
folloAV his inclinations, he would have
sallied out after them, for he was very
eager to defeat them ; but sir Anthony
Clabaut, then mayor of the toAvn, and
the council would not permit him, saying,
that in their opinion it was fully suffi
cient to defend the toAvn Avell Avhen at
tacked.

377
The principal lords of France, in con
junction Avith those of Picardy, solicited
the king to conclude a lasting peace with
the archduke : terms were, in consequence,
agreed on, — and the county of Artois was
restored to Maximilian; by Avhich means
all Picardy Avas in perfect union Avith
Frarice, and remains so to this day, Avhich
is of very great advantage to the Avhole
realm.

CHAP. XXXIX.
KING CHARLES MARRIES ANNE DUCHESS OF
BRITTANY.  SHE IS CROWNED QUEEN
OF FRANCE IN THE CHURCH OF SAINT
DENIS, AND MAKES HER PUBLIC ENTRY
IxNTO PARIS. — THE KING VISITS HIS PRO
VINCE OF PICARDY.  A PRIEST EXE
CUTED AND BURNT AT PARIS.  THE
DEATH OF POPE INNOCENT VIII. — HE
IS SUCCEEDED BY POPE ALEXANDER VI.
When king Charles had espoused Anne
duchess of Brittan)7, as a proof of his af
fection and love, he Avilled that she should

378
be crowned queen of France with every
magnificence. The ceremony began by
a grand mass chaunted in the abbey-
church of St Denis by a re\erend car
dinal, assisted by the archbishop of Sens
and other bishops. When this Avas done
the queen Avas solemnly crowned ; after
which, a magnificent dinner was served
and an open court was kept. Having
made a short stay at St Denis, she pre
pared for her public entry into Paris,
Avhere she was received with all due
honours. The whole of the clergy in their
copes of cloth of gold, and bearing holy
relics, came out to meet her, as did the
bishop of Paris, the provost of marchands,
the sheriffs, and all the companies of
trades in their holyday dresses. When
they had paid their obeisances, the queen
entered Paris iri triumph. All the streets
were hung with tapestries : many pageants
and mysteries were exhihited, — and bon
fires, and all other usual demonstrations
of joy, were made on her arrival. She
was conducted in great state toward the
cathedral of Notre Dame; and at the

379
corner of the rue neuve Notre Dame, the
rector of the university, attended by all
his doctors, was waiting to make his
oration ; after Avhich, she proceeded to
the cathedral to offer up her prayers.
She was then conducted to the palace
where apartments had been handsomely
fitted up for her, becoming her state.
During the queen's residence in Paris,
a variety of amusements took place, such as
justingSj tournaments, dancings and feasts.
The king lived with her in the greatest har
mony and love ; and, in course of time, they
•had three fine boys, AArrio Avere spared -to
them but a short time; for they all died
in their infancy, during the expedition] to
Naples, according to the Divine will.
May God give them grace to pray for
us! When peace was concluded Avith
the archduke, the king resolved to visit
Picardy, which he did at divers times,
accompanied by some of the princes of
the blood, his lords, and valiant captains.
He made a public Cntry into several towns
wherein 'be was mdst honourably received
and grandly feasted,— for they Avere de-

380
lighted to see their king. Although every
toAvn tried to surpass the other, yet the
entertainments at Amiens were the most
sumptuous and magnificent. The barons,
and common people, of Picardy Avere
exceedingly pleased that the king had
come to visit them, and were more ar
dent than before in their affections to so
benign a prince.
On the morrow of Corpus-Christi-
day, to the great, scandal of all Paris,
a priest called master John L'Anglois,
Avhile in the chapel of St Crispin and
St Crispinian in the church of Notre
Dame, moved and instigated by the devil,
approached the priest sa\ring mass, — and
after the consecration of the host, this
wicked priest tore it furiously from the
hands of him Avho had just consecrated
it, and threw it on the ground with
contempt, thinking to trample it Avith his
feet. He wras instantly seized and car
ried to prison, Avherem he Avas some time
detained for examination. When this
took place, he persevered in his iniquity
and refused to adjure his errors ; for which
he Avas publicly degraded from his priest-

381
hood in the church of Notre Dame, and
delivered over into the hands of master
Pierre de la Porte, then lieutenant cri-
minel for the provost of Paris. De la
Porte sentenced him to be drawn on a
hurdle to the pig-market, there to have
his tongue cut out, and his body burnt
until consumed to ashes, — Avhich sentence
was executed.About this time, pope Innocent died
at Rome. He had peacefully governed
the church during his papacy, and Avas
full of mercy, for he absolved the Vene
tians from the censure which had been
fulminated against them by his predecessor
Sixtus. Roderigo Borgia was elected pope
in his stead, and took the name of
Alexander VI. The new pope was a,
Spaniard by birth, and of a robust and
courageous disposition: he had been vice-
chancellor to Innocent, and was full of
enterprise and revenge against his enemies.
During the reign of this pope, king Charles
made a most victorious expedition into
Italy, as shall be more fully related
hereafter.

382

CHAP. XL.
OF THE EXPEDITION WHICH KING CHARLES;
UNDERTAKES TO RECOVER HIS KINGDOM
OF NAPLES, AND THE REASONS THAT
MOVED HIM THERETO.
When king Charles had, by his prudence,
ubj ugated or reduced to peace all the
countries that were immediately on his
frontiers, so that he had not any distur
bances to apprehend from those quarters,
like a magnanimous prince, and full of
prowess, he turned his thoughts to regain
the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily,
which legally and justly belonged to him,
Although he was small in body, he had
a great mind, — and from the time he,
had determined on his project, nothing
could dissuade him from it.
Master Robert Gaguin declares, in
his chronicle, that he would never listen^
to the ambassadors that were sent to him
by the Parisians, to entreat him to lay
aside the expedition to Naples: on the con
trary, he assembled, with all diligence*

383
a most numerous army of horse and
foot, and selected able captains to com
mand them.
The king was strongly excited to
this measure by pope Alexander and
Ludovico Sforza, who both hated Al-
phonso^ for having, as it Avas said, usurped
the crown of Naples, and done many
injuries to the barons of that country.
For this reason, the pope and Ludovico
had invited Charles to invade Italy. The
king, for the more readily assembling
of his men at arms, made the city of
Lyon his chief residence, to be near at
hand for the march of his arftiy.

384

CHAP. XLf.
FRIAR JEROME SAVONAROLA* FORETELS THE
INVASION OF ITALY BY THE KING OF
FRANCE,— THE KING WHILE AT LYON
PRUDENTLY ARRANGES A REGENCY TO
GOVERN THE KINGDOM DURING HIS AB-
SENCE.HE DEPARTS THENCE FOR GRE
NOBLE, WHERE HE TAKES LEANE OF THE
ttUEEN.
Before king Charles had shown any
intentions of marching into Italy, friar
* Jerome Savonarola — was a jacobin friar, and
had foretold that the king of France would invade
Italy, to punish the inhabitants for their vices, and
their rulers for their tyranny. He afterward preach-
ed against king Charles. He was burnt at Florence
by the intrigues of pope Alexander VI. at the in
stigation of the Venetians and the duke of Milan,
against whose vices he had publicly declaimed.
The death of Jerome Savonarola was a dis
grace to the times. Florence supported him as an
inspired person. His piety, his austere life, and
his edifying sermons gained him> the esteem and
admiration of all the Florentines. There may,
perhaps, have been some imprudence in his sermons,
which persons of piety will attribute to zeal; and

385 . ,
Jerome Savonarola preached publicly in
the year 1493, in several toAvns of Italy,
the invasion of king Charles, which
caused him to be looked up to by the Floren
tines as a true prophet.
While the king was at Lyon, regu
lating the plans he should pursue in his
intended attempt to recover the kingdoms
of Naples and Sicily, he sent the duke
of Orleans forward over the Alps, in com
pany Avith many other lords and captains
and a large detachment of troops, as am
bassadors to Milan, Genoa, Venice, Florence,
Lucca, Pisa, Viterbo and Rome, and to
different towns in Lombardy, to learn
whether they would keep their promises
to the king, and support him in his ex
pedition to Naples. Having been ho
nourably received every where, the duke
of Orleans returned to his county of Asti,
when the promises of support were again
repeated. At this time, the lord des Querdes(more
commonly called des Cordes) fell dangerously
the pope was too severe in having him burnt for the
slight, censure he had passed on his conduct, which
was notoriously infamous.
VOL. XI. C C

386,
ill at Lyon, as he Avas preparing to cross
the Alps with the king. Being advised by
the physicians to return and try his native
air of Picardy, he took leave of the king
and departed from Lyon, but Avas unable to
proceed further than the toAvn of Bresle,
three deagues from Lyon, Avhere he died.
By the king's command, great honours
Avere paid to his body, Avhich Avas put into
a leaden coffin ; in all the toAvns it passed
through, processions came out to meet it;
and it Avas carried to the church of our Lady
at Bologne-sur-mer for interment, according
.to the orders he had given.
King Charles, before he left Lyon,
held several councils respecting the ap
pointment, of a regency to govern the, king
dom in his absence. Duke Peter of Bour-
bon, who had married the lady Anne of
France, Avas nominated sole regent ofthe
kingdom: the lord de Baudricourt Avas
made governor of Burgundy, — the lords' de
Avaugour and of Rohan, .gqA^ernors of Brit
tany,— the lord d'Orval, governor of .Cham
pagne) — the lord de Graville, governor of
the country of Caux, Normandy and all Picar
dy — and the ford d Angduleme, goA'ernor of

387
that county and of Guienne. All these lords,
having taken their leave of the king, set
out for theirrespective governments.
The king remained, some days after
their departure, enjoying the good cheer
and pleasures of Lyon, — and the beauty of
the Lyonnoises, was also one great induce
ment to detain him there ; but an epidemical
disorder having appeared, he set out from
Lyon with his queen and court for Vienne,
Avhich is seven leagues below Lyon. When
the king and queen left the ancient toAvn of
Vienne, they passed through Villeneuve,
and other towns, wherein they were received
with due honours, to Grenoble.
On Saturday, the 23d of August, in
the year 1493, king Charles accompanied
by his queen, and numbers of princes, lords,
ladies and damsels, made his entry into
the town of Grenoble; which entry was
very magnificent, as well on the part of
the clergy, who came out to meet him in
rich copes and bearing relics, as on the
part of the court of parliament in that
town, and the nobles and inhabitants, all
well dressed according to their different
ranks, some in handsome liveries, others
c c 2

38B
with divers devices, as their fancy led thfem.
Those Avho had been deputed to present the
keys oftne town to the king, made an eloquent
harangue in his praise. A rich canopy Avas
carried Over his head, and another over that of
the queen ; and they Avere thus cond ucted into
the town, where all the streets were hung
with tapestries. SeA'eral allegorical pageants
and mysteries Avere displayed, in honour of
the king and queen. When this procession
arrived at the cathedral, their majesties
dismounted to offer Up their prayers, and
were thence conducted to their lodgings, in
the palace of the court of parliament.
The king and queen staid six Avhole
days at Grenoble, where several councils
Were held relative to the greater security
of passing the Alps Avith the army. It Avas
thought advisable to send back the carriages
that Avere there in Avaiting to transport the
king's bf^gage, and other stores for the
troops, and in their stead a number of
mules were collected for this purpose, other
wise too much time would have been lost,
-^fbr this is the usual mode of trans-.
porting merchandise across the mountains.
Proper persons Avere selected to fix on

389
the quarters for the king and his army, so
that as little confusion as possible might
arise ; and the chief manager in this business
was Pierre de Valetayt,— and a better
chief could not have been fixed on, for he
was perfectly Avell acquainted with the
whole country the army was to march
through. Purveyors were also appointed
to go from town to town to collect pro
visions for the cavalry and infantry, every
article of which was to be paid for at a re
gulated price,— and no pillaging of any
l<ind Avas to be permitted Avith impunity.
Those among them were to have the titles
of marshals, maitres d'hotels, and provosts,
accordingly as they behaved themselves
well. To preserve the friendship of those
italian toAvns Avhich had promised support,
and to keep them to their engagements, the
folloAving persons were sent to them (as their
fidelity was not overmuch to be depended
upon), namely, John de Cardonne, master
of the household, to Florence; the lord
Charles Brillart to Genoa; Gaulcher de
Tintevjlle to Sienna; La Ville Rigault
d'Oreilles to Milan; Adrian de LTsle te

390
Pisa ; the lord de Louan to Lucca, — and
Others to Viterbo. With each of these en
voys, were sent gentlemen of the long robe,
to make harangues, should there be neces
sity. On the same business, the following
persons were sent ambassadors to the diffe
rent regencies and princes of Lombardy and
Italy : the lord de la Trimouille to the king
of the Romans ; Louis Lucas to Ludovico
Sforza, at Milan ; the lord du Bocage to
the Venetians ; the lord d'Aubigny to Rome,
accompanied by the lord d'Autun, the pre
sident Grusna}r, and the general de Bidont,
as ambassadors to the pope; the lord d'Ar-
genton, in company Avith Monstreau, Avas
sent elsewhere. The commanders of the king's army
Avere the princes of the blood and others,
namety, the duke of Orleans, the lord de
Montpensier, the lord de Foues, the lord de
Luxembourg, the lord de Vendome, the
lord Angillebert of Cleves, the lord John
Jacques, the prince of Salerne, the lord:
de Miolens, the lord de Piennes, the mar
quis de Saluces, de Vienne, de Rothelin,
the marshals de Gie and de Rieux, the se*
neschals of Beaucaire and of Normaridy.'

391
together with numbers of other barons,
knights, captains of renoAvn, and loyal
gentlemen. The following nobles Avere nominated
for attendants in the king's company : de
Bourdillon, de Chatillon, de la Palice,
George Edouille, — together with some of
his household, such as Paris, Gabriel, d' Yjon,
and others of his domestics. They also
served as masters of the household, in the
room of those who had been sent forward
as ambassadors or envoys. Guyot Lousiers
had the command of the artillery. The lord
de Ghaudbyt had charge of the fleet, to
gether with the bailiff of Vitry, Jehannot
du Tertre, Perot de Bache, the lord de
Villeneuve, Rene Parent, the bailiff of St
Pierre du Monstier, John Chateau Dreux,
Hern6 du Chesnoy, John de Lasnay, the
lord du Fau, Adam de LTsle, Giraut and
Charles de Susaine, the lord de la Brosse,
Honore lord du Chef: and likewise the
officers in ordinary to the king, such as
butlers, cupbearers, valets, grooms, ushers
of the chamber, and many more, suitably
to the state of so great a monarch on this
occasion.

392
When king Charles had staid six days
in Grenoble for the arrangement of his
affairs, he took leave of the queen, who N
departed thence, for France, most honour
ably accompanied. ,

CHAP. XLII.
THE KING OF FRANCE SETS OUT FROM GRE
NOBLE, TO CROSS THE ALPS ON HIS MARCH
TO NAPLES.
On Friday, the 29th of August, the king,
having heard mass and taken leave of his
queen, set out from Grenoble to dine at a
place called La Meure, a village dependant
on a barony belonging to the count of
Dunois. He thence Avent to. sup and lie
at the small town of Escoy, where he was
honourably received by the burghers and
inhabitants. On the morrow, he dined at
St Bonnet, and Avent to lodge at a small
city in Dauphiny, called Gap. The next
day he dined at Forges, and supped at
Embrun*, where he Avas joyfully received
*. Embrun— is 24 leagues from Grenoble, and .
from Gap.

393
by all ranks, and lodged at the bishop's
palace, who was then absent on an embassy
from the king to the pope.
On Monday mbrning, having heard
mass in the church of our Laclv, the king
*) c?
left Embrun for St Crespin, where he lay,
and thence Avent to Briancon *. He A^a*
received Avith every honour by the clergy
and people, and conducted to an im
mense inn without the toAvn, as the most
convenient lodgings for him. He and his
company were there served with plentiful
cheer, and excellent wines. On the 2d of
September the king dined at Serzene; and
in the evening was at the provostship of
Ourse, where, after his repast, a tall man,
native of la Poille, was brought before him,
as charged Avith being one ofthe 'principaux
maistres de la vau-pertef .' After the kirig
had heard what he had to say, he delivered
him into the hands of his officers of justice,
who, having duly examined the charge
laid against him, caused him to be publicly
hanged on a tree.
* Briancon, — capital of the Briangonnois, 9
leagues from Embrun, 19 from Grenoble.
f Vau-perte, — a sodomite. — -~ D,u Cange.

394
The ensuing day, the king dined at
Chaumont, and immediately after entered
Savoy, to lie at Suse. The duchess of
Savoy, accompanied by many lords, ladies,
and damsels, had come thither to meet
him, and entertained him handsomely. On
quitting Suse, he dined at St Jousset, en
tered Piedmont, and lodged at Villanne*,
— and Avherever he came, he Avas received
Avith all due honours. On the morrow, he
made preparations for his entry into Turin;
as described in the folloAving chapter.

CHAP. XLIII.
THE KING OF FRANCE MAKES HIS PUBLIC
ENTRY INTO TURIN, WHERE HE IS RE
CEIVED WITH GREAT HONOURS AND SO
LEMNITY.
On the 5th of September, as king Charles
a pproached Turin, he was met by a procession
of the clergy, accompanied by the nobles
* Villanne. Q.. if not Villa-nova d'Asti ? a town
in Piedmont, about four leagues distant from Turin_
and from Asti.

39.5
and inhabitants of that city, the uni\"ersity,
and by the noble lady the princess of Pied
mont, most magnificently dressed in cloth
of gold frize, after an antique fashion, or
namented with large sapphires, diamonds,
rubies, and other precious stones. She had
on her head a heap of gold ornaments, in
termixed Avith carbuncles, jacinths, and
tufts of fine gold. On her neck she wore
eollars, with wide rockets, decorated with
large oriental pearls, having also bracelets
of the same. Thus richly dressed, she was
mounted on a palfrey led by six lackeys,
well equipped in cloth of gold, and attended
by a company of damsels most elegantly
dressed, and numbers of lords, knights,
esquires and pages of honour.
In this manner did the king enter
Turin, the streets of which were all de
corated with cloths of gold or of silk ; and
in different places were stages erected, on
which mysteries Avere represented from
the Old and New Testaments, and upon
historical subjects. The king was conT)
ducted to the castle, Avhere he Avas received
by the aforesaid lady of Piedmont, the
duke her son, his uncle the lord of Bresse,

-336
and other great barons, to the melodious
sounding of trumpets, clarions arid other
instruments. Eyery offer of service and
support was made to .fie king in his ex
pedition to Naples ; and it must not he
omitted, that public tables were laid out in
all the principal streets, for the refreshment
of every one that chose to sit down at
them. The ensuing day, the princess of Pied
mont led her son into tfie king's apartments-
Ay here they dined joyously together; and
after the repast the king took his leave of
them and the other lords to sup and lie at
Quiers*, whither orders had been previously
sent for his handsome reception, which Avas
accordingly done: and he Avas so AArell
pleased that he remained in Quiers three
days amusing himself in feasting, and Avith
the ladies, f
* Quiers,— five miles to the eastward of Turin.
f It was an attachment to the beautiful daughter
of a physician that detained Charles at Quiers, and
made him repeat his visits. — See further particulars
iu the notice of a MS. history of Gohori, in the
viith vol. of Notices des MS. in the National Library
at Paris.

397
CHAP. XLIV.
THE KING LEAVES QUIERS FOR ASTI, AVHERE
HE IS INFORMED OF THE GALLANT CON
DUCT OF THE DUKE OE ORLEANS AT GE
NOA. — LUDOVICO SFORZA AND HIS LADY
VISIT THE KING AT ASTI. — A MARVELLOUS
EVENT AT GENOA. i
On Tuesday the 9th of September, the
king, after tharikihg the lords and ladies of
Quiers for the honourable reception they
had given him, departed for Villa-nuoAa ;
and thence weflt to supper in the toAvn of
Asti, belonging to the duke of Orleans,
where he was received by all ranks of in
habitants with greater magnificence than at
any other town, considering their means.
The king was lodged at the house of orie
John Roger, and the other fords in differerit
houses. The duke was absent on the Coast of
Genoa, on the king's business, and to pro-
Vide for the security of his expedition. The
morning after the king's arrival, a false
messenger arrived at Asti, with every mar__

398
of bringing hasty neAvs, — and it was in
stantly rumoured that the French had been
defeated at sea. The king immediately as
sembled his council, to consider hoAv to act-
in consequence of this unfortunate event ;
but the messenger was not noAv to be found,
to hear the particulars from him ; and with
in a short time another messenger arrived
with better heAvs, for he brought certain
information that the duke of Orleans, Avhilst
cruizing in the gulph of Rapallo, near Ge
noa, had defeated the army of the prince
of Tarentum, and taken forty, thousand
prisoners, and that the slaughter /of the
enemies of France had been so great that
the numbers were not knovn : a few had.
escaped over^ the mountains : and . among
the prisoners were a son to sir John Fregoso *,
and a nephew to the cardinal ' of Genoa :
Frederic -f> who was the commander ofthe
neapolitan army, had expired through fear.
The floAver of the italian nobility was in
this rbattle. - •
* Sir John Fregoso, — natural son to Paul Fres_os_
cardinal-archbishop and' duke of Genoa.
t Frederic— ^was brother to Alphonso king of
Naples. ' .; i

399
The duke of Orleans had with him,
at this glorious victory, the lord de Piennes,
John de la Grange, Charles de Brillac, Avho
was then knighted, the. bailiff of.Dijon, the
lord Guyot de Lousiers, Avith numbers of
other nobles and gentlemen of name. After
the victory, the duke of Orleans Avas seized
with a fever, 0Avhich forced him to return
to Asti, Avhere the king still was.
To Asti came also, from Milan, Lu
dovico Sforza, and his consort, the daughter
of the duke of Ferrara, Avho brought Avith
her a profusion of rich dresses and jewels
to display before the king. They conver
sed together, like old friends, — for the traitor
Ludovico had not then manifested the
iniquity of his malignant mind, as he after
wards did, but for which, in the end he Avas
severely punished*.
When king Charles had staid some
time at Asti, he was much indisposed for
tAvo or three days-f, and removed from
his lodgings to more airy apartments in
* He was made prisoner by Louis XII. and
confined in the castle of Loches, where he died.
f. With the small pox. See Roscoe's Leo X. if
it were not another disorder.

400
the convent of the Jacobins, that over
looked their gardens. It was there the
duke of Orleans and the other lords of the
council arranged many things for the fur
therance of his expedition, and also for
the general Avelfare of his kingdom. ; During
this interval, Ludovico Went back to Milan,
but shortly returned, although his support
was but feigned and full of deceit.
It was about this time that three or
four french gentlemen in Genoa, Went to
the sea shore to bathe', and 'were shortly
aftenvard joined by another, who stripped
himself to bathe Avith them,— AvhCri lo, a
iarge fish rose from the* bottom of the
sea, and bit the latter gentleman until the
blood came. Perceiving himself Avqunded,
he attempted to escape by driving off the
fish, but he, having tasted his blood, re1
turned again, bit him in several places,
and at length dragged him by force' under
the water, and he was never seen after-
Avard, which seemed a very marvellous
event to many persons in Genoa.
The king having remained in Asti
from the 9th of September until the 6th
of October, departed from it for ever,
to accomplish the object of his expedition,

401
Oh the morning of the 6th, having
heard mass as usual, and taking some re
freshments, he set out from Asti, dined at
La Fariniere, and lodged at Moncal*, Avhich
is the first toAvn on the road toAvard Lom
bardy, and of a tolerable size. It belonged
to the late marquis of Montferrat, and the
king was honourably received there by the
marchioness, his widoAV, her eldest son the
present marquis, and: her second, carted
Constantine. She .showed him the whole
extent of the fortifications of the, town and
castle, and how Well' they Avere provided
with artillery and military stores. She also
pointed mitto him the heads of three traitors
who had beeri, a short time before, executed
for having caused a watf between Ludovic^
Of Milan and her husband, the late marquis:
" ' :The marchioness treated the king with
the greatest hospitality and kindness, making
offers of every thing she had for his service,
- — and teriderly reminding him how her de
ceased lord had left her and her children
under his especial protection; 9 The kirig
? . ./.A.. - ' 'i ' ' ' ¦ 1
'* Moncal, Q. Moncalvo ? nine miles north of
Asti.
AOL. XL D d

402
behaved to her very affectionately ; and
on the - morroVv he departed from Mon-
calvo, to dine and sup at Casal, the capital
of the possessions of the marquis of Mont
ferrat.

CHAP. XLV.
KING CHARLES MAKES HIS ENTRY INTO THE
TOWN OF CASAL. — THE MARCHIONESS OF
MONTFERRAT AND HER SON PLACE
THEMSELVES UNDER HIS PROTECTION.
The king of France left Moncalvo on the
7th of October ; and on his arrival at Casal,
he was received with all demonstrations
of joy, and conducted to the castle, where
his lodgings had been prepared. At the gate
of the castle was the marchioness of Mont
ferrat, richly dressed, with her son, who
having humbly saluted the king, and not
knowing the french language perfectly
well, the count de Foix and the lord Louis
made their harangue,' which was in substance
what the lady had before said, — and that
they placed all their possessions, without

403
exception, under his protection, — that now
they gave him possession of the toAvn and
castle of Casal, Avith all other their, strong
places. The king benignantly accepted of
the trust, and entered the castle of Casal
to the sound of trumpets and horns.
The lady feasted the king and his
company most plentifully with all sorts of
meats, wines and hypocras, so that nothing
could have been better. On the morrow,
the king presented the young marquis with
new and rich dresses, in the french fashion,
demonstrating, by his liberality, that he
received him under his protection, — and he
remained three days in this town.
On Friday, at sunrise, the king de
parted from Casal, to dine at Consse, and
sup at Mortare, where he was well re
ceived, lodged in the castle, and handsomely
feasted. The next day he went to take
up his quarters in the town of Vigeue*,
and was triumphantly received there by
Ludovico Sforza and his lady, with other
lords of that country. After the usual
ceremonies were over, and they had dis-
* Vigeue. Q. Vige-vano ?
D d 2

404
coursed sufficiently, he was conducted to
his apartments in the castle, Avhich was;
pleasantly situated, and himself and his
company were well entertained.
On Monday, the 23d of October, the
king Ayent to see the Granges, half a league
from> Vige-vano. These Granges belong
to the lord of Milan, are beautifully si
tuated, and hold immense quantities of corn
and cattle, and are the place of receipt for
all rents due to him in kind. In the first,
there is a spacious court of stables, the
roof of which is supported on handsome
columns, for stallions of great value, and
adjoining were others for mares and colts.
At this time, in other stables were full
eighteen hundred horned cattle, — such as
fat oxen, ooavs, and buffaloes. In the
sheep-folds, Avere about fourteen thousand
sheep and goats. In short, it Avas a place
excellently contrived, and of great value.

'405

CHAP. XLVI. ¦ <
THE KING OF FRANCE ENTERS PAVIA. — HIS
RECEPTION THERE.
The king, having left the Granges, ad
vanced toward Pavia— and Avhen he was
near that city, the clergy came out in hand
some procession, to meet him. They con
ducted him in this state to the principal
church, called II Duomo, and thence fo
his apartments in the castle, Avhich was
large and well situated. The duchess and
her young son were waiting there to wel
come him on his happy arrival; and he
and his company were well- feasted with -a
variety of meats arid wines, frohl the 14th
until the 17th, when he took his departure,
after hearing mass, to dine:at Beriofle, and
sup and lie at Castel San Joanne. ' On the
morrow, he dined at Roqueste, and thence
resolved to make his entry into- Piacenza.
As the king approached Piacenza iri
the afternoon of the 18th of October, the
clergy, judges, officers, and principal in
habitants came out to meet him in a hand-

406
some procession, as all the other towns had
done, and led him in triumph to the apart
ments that had been prepared for his re
ception. While he was in this town, a
messenger came to him in haste with let
ters, containing in substance, that on that
day the young duke of Milan had died,
which much afflicted and vexed the king.
Tears filled his eyes, without any dissembling,
and to perform his duty to God, he or
dered on the morrow a solemn funeral ser
vice to be celebrated, — after Avhich were
distributed large sums in alms to the poor,
all at the king's expense, and chiefly under
the direction of the lord Reginald d'Oreilles.
It should not be forgotten, that the king
invited the nobles and principal inhabitants
to this funeral service : and that they, in
gratitude for his benignant humanity, pre
sented him with several immense cheeses,
as large as our greatest millstones, which
he sent to France, as a gift to the queen.
The king, having staid six days in PiacenZa,
departed.

407

CHAP. XLVIL
A7F THE SEVERAL TOWNS THE KING OF FRANC©
PASSES THROUGH IN HIS MARCH FROM
PIACENZA TO LUCCA.
After the kirig had heard mass at Piacen-
za, on the 23d of October, he set out to
dine and sup at the little toAvn of Fioren-
2Uola *, where the people received hin\
very affectionately. On Friday, he lay at
another small town called Borgo San Do
mino -f-, Avhere he Avas equally well received.
On the 25th, he Avas quartered at Fornove^*
which is of tolerable size, having a large
abbey, and lies at the foot of the Ap-
penines. . On the Sunday, he went to Borgo di Val
di Taro § ; and the next day, after hearing
mass, he werit to Beers, where he and his
* Fiorenzuola, 13 miles from Piacenza.
t Borgo San Domino, — 20 miles from Piacenza.
% Fornove, — 10 miles from Parma, remarkable
for the victory of Charles VIII. with nine thousand
men, over the confederated princes of Italy.
§ Borgo di Val di Taro, — a small city, capital
of the country called Val di Taro.

"408
train were much straitened for room ;
but it was necessary to exercise patience
according to the country they were in. On
Tuesday fie left Beers to lie at Pontremoli *,
Avhere he -was received with processions,
and lighted tapers and torches, as in the
preceding toAvns. At this place, Pietro
de Medici Availed on the' king Avith intel
ligence from ' Florence, and placed himself
under his protection. To' obviate any at
tempts of those Avho Avere inimical, fie pro
mised to place in his hands a small town
called Sarsina -f ; arid he aftenvards delivered
up another gOdd place of the Florentine^,
called ;Sarsonella, near to SarsanC. .
On -Wednesday, the king visite'd the
church^of Notre -Dame des Miracles, near
to the toAvn of Pontremoli, and dined at
Yole. ' This day owing ^to some quarrel,
several Germans were killed in Pontremoli,
for which- theireountrymert reA'ehged'thenV
selves severely on their return from Naples.
The whole army marched on, the 30th into
Sarsina, and there halted for six days, on
* Pontremoli, — 40' leagues from Parma.
+ Q.. Sarsina ?

409
account of a rebellion among the Florentines.
Ludovico Sforza, who was already beginning
to form his. plans of treachery, came again
to visit the king at this place, and returned
suddenly to Milan.
On the 6th of November, the king
marched his army to Massa, a burgh with
a castle having deep ditches all around it:
near to it is a mountain Avhence white and
-black marble is dug, — and from it is seen
the sea, about half a league off. , He Avas
honourably received by the . lady, of : the
place. — On Friday, he left Massa, and took
up his quarters at Pietra Santa*, a small
town belonging to the Florentines ; but the
king having been duly informed that it formed
part of the duchy of Genoa, and that the
inhabitants had put themselves under the
Florentines for their better security, and
through subtilty, he placed in the castle a
strong garrison of gens d'armes until his
return. * Pietra Santa, — six miles from Massa.

410
CHAP. XLVIII.
OFTHE ENTRY AND RECEPTION OF THE KING
OF FRANCE IN THE TOWN OF LUCCA.
When the king made his entry into Lucca,
he was met by the clergy, and principal
townsmen in procession, a league distant,
— and what was most singular, the greater
part of them were dressed in fine cloths of
gold, or in velvets. After they had all
paid their respects to the king, they con
ducted him into the town, which was richly
decorated with tapestries, and divers pa
geants. He was lodged in the bishop's
palace, Avhere he and his company were
grandly entertained.

411
CHAP. XLIX.
THE KING ENTERS THE TOWN OF PISA. —
OTHERS OF HIS CAPTAINS ADVANCE AS
^FAR AS FLORENCE.
-The king left Lucca onthefolloAving morn
ing, after hearing mass, to dine at Primat,
and in the evening entered Pisa, having
been met by the clergy, governor and
chief inhabitants. It was doubtless here
that he received the truest marks of affec
tion, — for the very children in the streets
as well as others of higher ranks, shouted
out, 'Liberty for ever!' They submitted
themselves unreservedly to his will, for they
were greatly molested by the Florentines;
and it was melancholy to hear their com
plaints of them. The king assured them
of his support in maintaining their liberty,
which gave greater joy than I can describe,
— and it need not be wondered at if, in con
sequence, the king and his company were
so magnificently feasted. The next morn
ing, he marched from Pisa, to dine at Pont
Codere, and lodged at Empoli*.
* Empoli, a town 15 miles west of Florence.

-412
On the llth of November, the king
went to lie at Pont-de-Signe, which is a
very pleasant place, and tarried there five
or six days, because the Florentines had
rebelled against Pietro de Medici, who had
delivered up to the king some strong places
and castles. But so firm a countenance
was shown to the' said Florentines, and
the royal artillery Avere" so 'weir pre pared to
march against Florence and such as were
the most active in reUellion, that they sent
ambassadors to offer their, obedience to the
king, to sue for pardon for their trans
gressions, and to entreat that he would come
to their toAvn.

CHAP. L.

THE KING' OF FRANCE, AVlTH HIS LC-RDS,
* ENTERS FLORENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY
"HIS AVilOLfi ARMY,
On Monday, tlie 17th of November, the
king, having assembled his whole army and
train of artillery, advanced to a large

413
palace- near to Florence, where he dined,''
The florentine nobles, with numbers ofthe
lower ranks, came thither to pay him their
respects; which they having done, and
presented him, with the keys of their gates,-
the- french army marched into the town
of Florence by companies,' each under its
own captain, and with displayed banners,
in handsome order. | This lasted a long
time, for there Avere a greater body of
men under arms than the Florentines had
ever before seen.
When the companies had all passed,
the king, accompanied by his princes and
nobles, entered the town completely -artned,
with his body, guard and his hundred gen
tlemen all in armour. He was conducted,
having a handsome canopy borne, over
his head, to the cathedral, and ttpence to
the lodgings that had been prepared -for
him in the mansion of Pietro de Medici,
where he and his company were more
sumptuously, entertained than^ can be
imagined. . ,;
The king, the better to subjugate, and-
keep the Florentines in check, remained
some days in Florence. He marched aWay

414
on the 21st, and was lodged at a large
palace not. far distant. The next day,
Saturday, he went to St Ca_sant,. where
he remained the Sunday; and on the
Monday, he advanced to Poggiobonzi*,
which is a prettily situated toAvn, and,
though small, well peopled. On the morrow,
the king dined at the abbey of Aye, and
thence went to his quarters in the city of
Sienna.

CHAP. LI.
THE KING MAKES HIS ENTRY INTO SIENNA,
VITERBO, AND OTHER TOWNS.
When the king was within a league of
Sienna, he was met by a procession of the
clergy and inhabitants, who having made
an harangue, presented him with the keys
of their town, as an acknowledgement of
his being the lord thereof. He was after
wards conducted thither with great solem
nity, — and the streets had been gaily de-
* Poggiobonzi, — 21 miles from Florence.

415
corated to welcome him. He was lodged
in the palace of the bishop, near the
cathedral, where he and his company Avere
entertained. On Thursday, the king de
parted from Sienna, dined at Buonconvento,
and lay at St Clerico, where he tarried
all Friday. On Saturday, he dined at
Ricoure, and lay at La Paille. Having heard
mass on Sunday, he proceeded to Acqua-
pendente, a town situated on a height, and
belonging to the pope ; notwithstanding
which, the king was very honourably re
ceived, with processions, and the keys of
the gates were preserited to him. ' On Wed
nesday, the 10th of December, the king
crossed Monte-Fiascone, and fixed his
quarters for the night at Viterbo, a handsome
town, belonging also to the pope. The
inhabitants, however, made a splendid
¦ entry for him, submitting themselves to
his obedience ; they conducted him to his
lodgings at the bishop's palace, a spacious
and pleasantly situated mansion, near to
the gate leading to Rome.
The king remained five days in Viterbo;
and, during that time, frequently visited
the shrine of St Rosa, whose body was

416
incomplete preservation as -to flesh and
bones. He, placed the lord de Gaiasche,
with a good garrison, in the castle, and y
dispatched the lord de la Trimou-ille to
pope Alexander, who promised fidelity to
the king, and, for greater assurance thereof)
dismissed some of his cardinals, and eA^eri
his confessor. On Monday, the 15th of December,
the; king left Viterbo, dined at the small
town of Roussillon *, and lay a. a little
town called Naples \, where- he halted
until Friday,. .when he advanced to* Brac-
ciano, belonging to the lord Virgilio d'Orsini,
where he dined and lay. He there er>
camped, and Avhile thus occupied, he re
ceived an embassy from the pope to agree
to his entering Rome with his army.
During this interval,, the lord de Ligny
marched a strong detachment of Germans,
to take possession of Ostia, ; a strong place
at the mouth of the Tiber, and a Con
venient seaport. The duke of Calabria
vias at this time in Rome, and, front his
* Roussillon, — Ronciglione, lO miles, frora
Viterbo. t Naples. Q.

417
boastings, it was thought he would achieve
wonders against the French,— but he was
soon forced to make a, precipitate retreat
into La Puglia; and immediately after, the
lord de la Trimouille and the marshal de
Gie marked the quarters for the army- in
Rome as undisturbed as they would have
been hi any town of France.

CHAP. LII.
THE KING OF FRANCE ENTERS ROME AVITH
HIS ARMY. — WHAT PASSED THERE.
On the last day of December, king Charles.,
with his princes, lords, and gens d'armes,
entered the city of Rome as a conqueror,
with his whole army, and train of artillery,
in such handsome array as astonished the
Romans. J5ut as it was nearly riight, an
immense number of torches were lighted,
and he entered the city by the Porta Fla-
minia, near to the church of Santa Maria
del Populo. He traArersed part of Rome
to his lodgings in the palace of San Marco^
VOL. XI. E e

418 y
where he had his park of artillery, and the
rest of his army marched to the quarters
that had been marked for them by the before
mentioned lords.
Pope Alexander Vi. hearihg of the
great army which the king of France had
marched into the city, shut himself rip iri
the castle of St Ahgfelo, fearing some Coffin-
motions. But by advice of the council,
' the king sent to hirii the counts of Foix, of
Bresse, and of Ligny, with the marshal
of Gie and master John de Rely bishop
of Angers, who harangued the pope in
such wise that he todk courage, — arid hence
forward there Avas a good intelligence be^
tween the king, the pope, and the other
nobles. ,
The kirig, though daily occupied by
his council on the business he was engaged
in, found means to visit the churches arid
holy places in Rome, with much devotion ;
arid he was shown wonderful relics and
precious treasures, to which he and his erim-
pany paid singular respect. The king dis
played his sovereignty in Koffie by having
three or four galloAvs erected, arid by 6r-
dering some thieves and malefactors to bte

410
thereon hanged. He caused others to be
whipped, droAvned, or deprived of their
ears, to demonstrate that, as a true son o^
the church and most Christian king, he
enjoyed the same powers of executing
justice in Rome as in his town of Paris.
At this time, a very large piece of
the Avail of the castle of St Angela fell, of
itself, into the ditch, to the great vex
ation and fright ofthe pope. The Romans,
on the other- hand, thought it a miracle.
The king visited the Coliseum, and other
curiosities in Rome.
Friday the 16th of January, the king,
attended by all his nobles, heard mass in S$
Peter's ; and the pope, to shoAv his affection,
conversed most familiarly with him, the
king and he walking arm in arm, like
brothers. In short, such was their friend
ship that the bishop of St Malo* was
* Bishop of St Malo. He was one of the king'.!
greatest favourites, and is mentioned before under
the name of *Briconnet. He was rich, able in
finance, and called •General, from being general of
finance.
/ / For full p^rtifcula*^ ^f thjp transaction, #e£
J3urchard's very curious diary of pope Alexander,
a fragment of which published by Leibnitz.
E e 2

420
created a cardinal, — -and the king remain-
with the pope some days.
Tuesday, the 20th, the king heard
mass in the french chapel, and afterwards
touched and cured many afflicted with the
king's evil, to the great astonishment of
the Italians, who witnessed the miracle.
This same day, the pope chaunted high
mass at the great altar in St Peter's, in
the presence of the king, his nobles, and
principal officers. There were twenty-five
cardinals, about thirty archbishops, forty
bishops, and a number of other prelates
and churchmen. When mass was done, the
pope and the king came together to a
place that had been prepared for them at
the entrance of St Peter's, when a bishop
displayed the impression of our Saviour's
face on the holy handkerchief three times,
— and all the people cried aloud, ' Mercy !'.
The pope was then carried to a scaffold
in front of the church, where the king was
seated beside him, and the cardinals ac
cording to their ranks, and next to them
the french princes ofthe blood. The pope
then ordered the Confiteor to be said for
the full remission of sins, as in the year of

421
jubilee, which was proclaimed by three
cardinals in three different languages^
namely, in Latin, French, and I talian. When
the pope gave his benediction for the jubilee,
he had his left hand on the king's shoulder, *
and thus were all persons absolved from
every sin and crime they might have com
mitted. At this time, there was a Turk* in
the castle of. St Angelo, whom all the
people were admitted to see, to his great
vexation. After the ceremony of St Peter's,
every one returned to his lodgings rejoicing
and the king visited the seven privileged
churches which are in or near Rome. On
the Sunday following, the pope and the
king, to prove on what friendly terms they
were, rode together through Rome, — when
the king showed, to him and his cardinals,
his fine army and train of artillery: a
pleasing sight to his friends, but aterror to
¦ ' * A Turk. Zizim, the unfortunate brother of
Bajazet. He was given up to the king of France
by pope Alexander; but, not until (as it was be
lieved) he had had a slow poison administered to
him.

his eneihies. On the 27th of January,
the king gave orders fof the army to be in
itadiness to march from Rome; and he went
to take his humble leave of pope Alexander
arid his cardinals, Avho had all given him
a h_mdsoh_e reception.

CHAP. LHI.
KING CHARLES DEPARTS FROM ROME WITH
HIS ARMY FOR NAPLES.— WHAT PASSED ON
HIS 'MARtm
<y : -
The king t>f Fiance breakfasted and dined
with the pope on the 28th of January; and
after they had long conversed together on
certain particular aftairs, the pope gave
him fiis benediction., — when he set out from
Rome, carrying the Turk away with him.
The cardinal of Valencia, son to the pope,
accompanied the king, as a hostage for
the pope, who went that night not further
than Marina, a small town seven o_"e_g__t
miles from feome. lOh the moirow, he
lay at Vetetri, which is a city, and wag

423
lodged In the bishop's palace: he staid
there gome days,— during which, the car
dinal, h%e a traitor, abandoned th^king.
The king, while at Veletri, received, on
the last day of January, by a messenger,
certain intelligence, that the tbrd Angilberfc
of Cleves, a renowned german captain, ha4
won by assault, in spite of all resistance,
the town and castle of Monte F®r|ino'*,
belonging to the lord James Conti, wb#
had broken his engagements with the king,,
.-r-and on this account, the place was der
stroyed by fire and sworol. Many prisoners
were made there by the lord Angilbert, and
in the number were two sons of James
Conti. The king remained in Veletri on Sun^-
day, the first of February, and also &$.
Monday, as it was the feast of the purifica-
|fon ofthe Virgin, attended by fpur cardinals
and six archbishops. On Tuesday an$
Wednesday following, he passed through
Valmontone, to La Botine. On the 5th,
he came to Florentines where lie halted,
because a j>ew had humbly supplicated bim
* _$qnte Fortino, — a town in the marquisate ef
Ancona, 12 miles from Ascoti.

424
that he might be baptised. The king
therefore, instantly led him by the hand
to the church, had him baptised by his
confessor, the bishop of Angers, the king
giving his own name Charles, and settled
a handsome income on him. In this town
is an abbey, in which it is said lies the
body of St Amboise.
The king advanced on Friday to Verlic,
where he dined and lay, — and the lords of
the town came to meet and offer him the
keys of it, as a proof of their obedience.
It is said, that the body of Santa Maria
Jacobi, the sister of the Virgin, is interred
there ; on which account, as the king wished
to see it, he staid there until Monday, when
he proceeded to Bahut to dinner. In the
afternoon; the king, like a valiant prince,
armed himself, and went to visit the siege
which the French were carrying on against
a strong town, and still stronger castle
called Mont St Jean. Many violent assaults
were made, and as gallantly opposed by a
garrison from all nations, who wounded
numbers of the French., The king, on
his arrival, ordered the place to be stormed
on alk sides, which was done with great

425
effect, arid lasted for eight hours. A breach
was at length made in the wall, through
which the French instantly rushed, and
put all the garrison, to the number of
nine hundred and fifty-five to the sword;
— but not without having many of their
men killed and wounded.
The government of this town and
castle Avas given to the lord of Taillebourg,
who guarded it to his honour. It was
esteemed to be impregnable ; and not long
before this, Alphonso of Naples had remained
before it for seven years, but was unable
with all his forces, to conquer it. The
king returned from this place to Verbie,
and thence to Bahut, where he lay, — arid
there heard that the duke of Calabria had
fled from St Germain*, on learning the
fate of St Jean. St Germain, from its
situation, is the key to the kingdom of
Naples, the town being very strong, with
two or three castles well fortified, and the
whole is crowned by a very large monastery,
in which reposes the body of St Benedict.
On Thursday, the 1 2th of February,
* St Germain. I should suppose it to be Monte
Cassino, from the description of it.

426
the king lay at the small town of St Cy-
prienne, and dined the next day at Aquino,
the birthplace of the celebrated doctor and
saint Thomas of Acquino, and thence went
to lie at St Germain. On the morrow, he
lay at Mignano. Monday, the 16th, he
dined at Notre Dame di Correggio, and
supped at Tiano, where he was joyfully
received, and there heard the Avelcome news,
that the duke of Calabria had also fled
from Capua. The inhabitants of Capua
here waited on him with the keys of
their town, and, with uplifted hands, sup*
plicated him to have mercy ©n them.
The king remained the whole of ih«
next day at Couy, and on the Wednesday,
made his public entry into Capua, and was
lodged in the castle, which as well as the
town, was of great strength. The ensuing
day, he entered Aversa, and was equally
well received, and took up his lodgings
in the palace of the bishop. On the Friday,
the citizens and inhabitants of Naples came
to salute the king at Aversa, to assure him,
that 'king Alphonso had embarked and sailed
for Sicily, to present him with the keys
of their toAvn, and to submit themselves

427
to his good pleasure and obedience. Upon
this, the king sent thither the marshal de
Gie and other lords, who were alfowed to
enter the city, with all their attendants, ac
cording to their pleasure. — The king left
Aversa on Saturday, to dine at Poggio-
Reale, which is a beautiful place, much
more extensive than the park of Vincennes,
with a variety of fine trees, and curious
birds and game of all sorts, both small and
great, fountains, meads, and wines of the
finest flavour. It would take too much
time to relate all its magnificence.

END OF VOL. XI.

NOTES AND EMENDATIONS.

Page 3. line 19. Bastard of Bourbon.] Joanna,
youngest of the king's four natural daughters
, married to Louis de Bourbon, count of Rousillon
afterwards admiral of France.
Page 7- line 2. Sir John de Lorraine.] Qu.
John count of Harcourt, brother of Frederic
count of Vaudemont? See before, vol. x.
page 303-
Page 7. line 19 from the bottom. Mehun.]
The first place of his confinement was Sully sur
Loire, from whence he was removed to the castle
of Usson in Auvergne. He was afterwards
restored to favour and made .governor of
Rousillon. Page 20. line 7. Lord des Bordes.] Philip de
Melun lord des Bordes, was governor of the
bastille, and father of Charles de Melun the grand
master before mentioned. Both father and son.
were involved in the same disgrace. But the
former, more fortunate in being less elevated,
was only dismissed from his office, while the,
latter was soon afterwards brought to the scaf-

430
fold. The government of the bastille was now
committed to Hugh de Chavigny Seigneur de
Bloc. Page 46. line 12. Stevenot de Vignoles.]] This
Stevenot de Vignoles was probably a son of
Amadour de Vignoles the brother of La Hire
who was killed at Creil in 1434 and continued
the posterity of the lords de Vignoles in Lan
guedoc. Page 48. line 14. Him.] He was according
ly displaced, though not till some years_ after,
and the reason assigned was the opposition he
made in the affair of the pragmatic sanction.
Du Clos. Page 49. line 9. Thiron.] Many historians
speak of the number of secret executions per
formed at the command of Louis by this Tristan
l'Hermite, whom he usually called by the fami
liar appellation of " mon Compere." This cruel
man, not content with mere obedience, executed
every mandate in the most barbarous manner.
Louis may well be reproached for the favour,
with which he honoured this minister of his
wrath whom he should not have looked upon
in any other light than that of a necessary instru
ment of justice." Du Clos.
Page 54. line 13. Cardinal of 'J_Wk#/] Balue
obtained the cardinal's hat at the earnest solici
tations of his master, and as a recompense for
bis services in the affair ofthe pragmatic sanction

491
/
ivhen he was, so nobly checked by St Romain.
Pope Paul the second was afterwards thoroughly
ashamed of having been prevailed on to eleVate
to the sacred dignity a person of so thoroughly
scandalous and depraved a character, and ex
cused himself on the ground of compulsion.
Du Clos. Page 67. line 6 from the bottom. Lyon.] The
archbishop of Lyons. See after, p. 284.
Page 75. last line. Him.] The progress of
the war with the Liegeois is detailed very much
at length in the second book of Philip de Corn-
mines, where also the reader will find ail the
particulars of an affair which is not even hint
ed at in this place. The king had himself ex
cited the commotions in Liege, the intelligence
of which is here said to have so disturbed him
by means of his secret envoys. After having
done this, he had the imprudence (most unac
countable in one his consummate craft) to come
and meet the duke of Burgundy in the duke's
ipwn town of Peronne. The treaty between them
Was already far advanced when news arrived of
this disturbance, and then also intelligence was
brought ' to the duke of the infamous intrigues
by which it had been occasioned. The duke
immediately ordered the gates of the town
to be closed and made Louis his prisoner,
and in this State the king remained for some
4ays in hourly apprehension ofthe death which

432
his duplicity and treachery towards the diike
had richly merited. But next to the folly of
the king, the most extraordinary circumstance
in the whole transaction is the weakness of the
duke ; who, as if he had never known by ex
perience that the king was neither to be bound
by treaties, nor by obligations, had no sooner suf
fered his first rage to pool than he humbled
himself on his knees before his prisoner, and
asking forgiveness of him whom on the con
trary he ought not himself to have forgiven,
permitted him to depart in safety upon his
simple engagement to renounce the league he
had made with the inhabitants of his rebellious
city. Page 79. line_6. Cardinal of Angers/] Balue,
who at this time held both the bishopricks of
Angers and Evreux. The former he obtained
from the Pope by means of the most treacherous
proceedings against Jean de Beauveau,. its
bishop, and his former patron and benefactor.
See Du Clos. t
Page 87. line 12. Observe/} See before
page 15. The circumstance of the king's im
prisonment seems to be most studiously avoided
by this historian. Perhaps he did not know
of it ; for Louis who, to the latest hour of
his life, reflected on his extreme imprudence
and imminent danger with the utmost shame,
not only was careful never to mention it him-*

433
self but was highly offended if he heard or sus«
pected that it was ever mentioned by others.
Comines, who gives the relation, was present at
Peronne and in the very chamber next to that
where the king was confined at the time of the
adventure. Page 89. line 10 from the bottom. Sir
Tanneguy du Chdtel.] Youngest son of Olivier
lord du Chatel, and nephew of Tanneguy du.
Chatel provost of Paris who died in 14-49.
Tanneguy the younger was viscount of Belliere
In right of his wife Jane de Ragueriel, lady of
Malestroit, and viscountess of Belli _re. He is
celebrated in history for his generous attention
to the funeral of Charles the seventh, which
was shamefully neglected by his attendants.
Louis the eleventh rewarded this service by a
suitable care of his obsequies. He was killed at
the siege of Bouchain in 1477, and left issue two
daughters; Page .91. line 7. Long preserve it'!]' From
this expression it should appear that the writer
of this chronicle committed every event to
writing as soon as he was informed of it and
never afterwards revised his annals with a re
ference to subsequent affairs.
Page 96. >last line. Viscount of Villars. 2. if
not Thouars/} Louis d'Amboise viscount of
Thouars dying- without issue male, his daughter
brought the titles ThOuars and Talmont int©
vol. xi. r f

434
he family of Tremoille by marriage with
Louis J. count of Guines, &c. who died in
1483. Page. 106. line 6. Behind.] This sudden
revolution seems to have been effected solely
by the over-powering influence of the Nevils.
The marquis of Montacute, who had been lately
forced to resign the earldom of Northumberland
on the reconciliation between Edward and the
house of Percy, and who was too fond of actual
power to think the title of marquis a compen
sation for one of the greatest earldoms of Eng
land, was easily persuaded to join the party of
his brother, and on hi. defection, Edward
was seized with a panic, and leaving his army
at Nottingham fled beyond seas. Stowe, 1470.
Page 113. line 4. Combrodes.] Combrodes,
Qu. Comborn? John I. viscount of Comborn,
counsellor and chamberlain, to Charles the
seventh, married Jane of Rochechouart and
died about 1482. Who was count or lord of
Charente I cannot tell. But qu. does this-
mean James de Bourbon lord of Charency? He
married into the family of la Tour d'Auvergne,
which renders it the more probable.
Page 116. line 5. King.] It is evident that
these events are related in a very confused and"
hurried manner. Edward landed in the Humber
during the winter of 1470. On the 14th of
April, being Easter-day, 1471, was fought the

435
battle of Barnet in which Warwick fell, and
with him Bouchier lord Cromwell, sir John
Lisle, and others. Montacute also was killed
by his brother's men, being detected in a
treacherous manoeuvre to join king Edward's
party. Holland, duke of Exeter, was left for
dead on the field; but he found means to escape
and got over to Burgundy where he was seen
by Philip de Commines following in the train
of duke Charles from place to place, a barefooted
mendicant. On the 4th of May following queen
Margaret having landed with a considerable force
in Devonshire and thence marched up the
country, was met by king Edward at Tewkes
bury when the decisive battle was fought, which
as is well known, terminated with the utter
overthrow of all the hopes of the Lancastrain
party. Besides prince Edward (who is said to
have been murdered in cold blood after the
engagement was over) there fell Courtney earl
of Devonshire, lord John Somerset, (a brother
of the duke's] lord Wenlock, and many knights
and gentlemen of name. The duke of Somerset
(with several others) was treacherously made to
quit sanctuary under promise of pardon and
afterwards beheaded; but he at least deserved
his fate for having fled from the prince of
Wales's side during the battle and left him to
be made a prisoner. Stowe.
Page 116. line 12. Died.] By this must
_ f 2

436
be meant Amadeus IX. count of Savoy, who*
succeeded his father Louis in 1465 and died
tb,is year. He was succeeded by his son
Philibert I. who died 1476 without issue by
Blanche of Milan his wife. Philibett was suc-
• ceeded, by his brother. Charles I. who died in
1488 leaving issue by Blanche of Montferrat
one son, Charles }l, who died without issue
in 1495, upon which. Philip count of Bresse
the brother of Amadeus the ninth, (mentioned
before, vol. x. p. J 58) succeeded tot he dukedom,
and diedshortly after. See p. 35.
Page 117. line 8 from the bottopir Count'
d'Eu.] Charles count d'Eu, the kst prince of
the blood of the fine of __rtois- His character
is-, thus gayest by Du Clos., " II axroit toute&
les vertus splkles, sans en affecter 1'eclat^ peu
touche d'une fausse gloire, il. pensoit que eeile
dfun prince qui n'est pas: ne sur le trone, est
d'en etre l'appui. et trouva sa veritable gloire
dans sa fidelite pour son rok et ses services
pour l'etat." It is a strange mistake to. call
the count de Nevers. his brother, in which case
there could have been no pretence for the
king's giving away his honours and estates.
The count de Nevers was his nephew, being
the son of Bona of Artois and Philip count
of Nevers., her husband.
Page 120. line 16. Tears.] He died of a
Stroke- of apoplexy brought on, as Phtina says,

437
by good living, suddenly in his chamber. This
historian, (who, however, suffered from some
persecution under his authority) Is not very
favourable to his memory. His luxury and pride
he represents to have been inordinate. Among
other stories told of him, it is said that he
prided himself excessively oh his comeliness of
person and wished at his accession to have as
sumed the name of Formosus, but was deterred
by some of his cardinals who, being more
conversant in history than himself, reminded
him of the miserable fate of the only pontiff
who had borne that name. He then chose
that of Paul, but could never afterwards esteem*
himself completely happy, from his wish in
that important particular having been frus*
trated. It was reported of him that he used
to paint his face like the ladies, whenever he
appeared in public. He wished, at another
time, to issue a papal bull ordaining that all
cardinal's hats for the future should be made
of silk : but in this also he was over-ruled:
by the common sense of those about him. He
was at least as great an enemy to learning
and learned men as his predecessor had beeU
a promoter and encourager of both ; but here
again it is the learned Platina who speaks.
He was notorious for having one living wit
ness at least of his amours, which became the

438
subject of an epigram somewhat more pointed
than is usual on such occasions.
Pontificis Pauli testes ne Roma requiras.
Filia quam genuit, sat docet, esse marem.
Sanctum non possum, patrem te dicere possum,
Cum video natam, Paule secunde, tuam. N
Page 126. line 18. Lordde Malicorne.] Guy
de Sourches, lord of Malicorne.
Page 128. last line. Butchers ] Audi alteram
partem. " The duke of Burgundy sent a trum
pet to the inhabitants of Nesle commanding
them to open their gates to him. They ask
a truce for a few days to consult concern
ing the terms of capitulation to be proposed.
But leave being granted, while the business
was still in agitation, they rise upon the duke's
trumpeter and his companions and murder them
when peaceably walking in the streets. Moved
to excessive anger by this act of treachery, the
duke commands the lady of Nesle to quit the
place, and no sooner was she departed than he
gave orders for a general massacre." Heuterus.
Thus, though the historian of Burgundy admits
the massacre, (stating at the same time a pro
vocation by which it is almost justified) he
says not a word about the violation of sanctuary,
or about the savage expressions which the
duke is here said to have uttered.
Page 130. line 11. Lord de Crussol.} Charles

• 439
rde Crussol, seneschal of Poitou, grand
pannetier, and knight of St Michael ; one of
the few servants of Louis who were faithful to
the king without abusing their trusts. He was
made governor of Dauphin _ the ensuing year
and died soon after. As grand pannetier he
Was succeeded by his son James de Crussol,
and in his new government by John de Dajllon
seigneur du Lude. Du Clos. In Morery he is
called Louis.
Page 145, line 6 from the bottom. Lord de
I'Lscou.} Should be Odet Daiciie, lord de
Lescun. He has been mentioned before in th^
course of this work. As bailiff of the' Cotentin
he rendered consider ible services to the crown
in the wars of Charles VII. Among the sweep-
in<>- changes made by Louis on his accession,
Lescun was deprived of his office and retired
into Bretagne where he was much in the con-
..fidence of the duke and also of the unfortu
nate duke of Guienne. But it does not appear
that in a single instance he acted contrary to
the interests of the crown. He has been
charged by some writers with (and sometimes
as an instrument, at others as a principal in)
the supposed poisoning of the king's brother.
But besides that there is no good reason to
believe that this* prince was poisoned at alk
it is not consistent with any other action of
Lescun's life to imagine him in any manner

44a
concerned in such an act of villainous Iniquity.
He was afterwards in favour with the king
who gave him the county of Comminges on
the death of the bastard d' Armagnac; and
this, perhaps, was the only motive for the absurd
suspicion. Page 147. line 6 from the bottom. Count
dy Armagnac] John V. count of Armagnac, whose
life was but a tissue of crimes, of murder,
incest, and treason. His sister he seduced, and
afterwards pretended to make his wife, under
Circumstances of scandalous imposition. He
was killed by a soldier named Gorgia whom
the king afterwards promoted to the office of
archer de la garde. A writer of the reign
of Charles VIII. pretends that he was assassina
ted while the treaty was on foot ; but the
present account seems to contradict that report.
SeeDu Clos.
Page 148. line 2 from the bottom. John Joffroy
then bishop of Alby.] Joffredy. See note, vol. x.
p. 139. Pasje 149. line 10 from the bottom. Count
d'Albret,] Charles d'Albret lord of St Basile,
commonly called le cadet d'Albret. It seems
there was sufficient proof of his guilt ; but
James de Lomagne lord of Montignae, the
governor of Leitoure, though the principal per
son concerned in the same transactions, was par
doned in consideration of the testimony he
could produce against others.

441
Page 153. line 6. Duchy of Lorraine/}
Nicholas, only son of John duke of Calabria
(who died, greatly regretted for his princely
virtues, three years before] and grandson of
Rene king of Sicily. For some time before his
death, this young prince had been in treaty with
the duke of Burgundy, for a marriage with
Mary his only daughter and presumptive
heir to his vast dominions. This negotiation
was most obnoxious to Louis ; and the inter
ruption of it by the young man's death just then
when there appeared to be no farther obstacleto
its accomplishment gave occasion to the suspicion
of anotherpoisoningwhich onsomeaccounts seems
tobeattendedwith greater probabilitythan that to
which the death of theking'sbrotherwasattributed.
By the death of this duke of Calabria, the male
line of Rene became extinct and the inheritance of
Lorraine passedtololante the daughter, of Rene who
byhermarriagewith Frederic count of Vaudemont
(dead in 1470)had issue Rene countof Vaudemont
and afterwards duke of Lorraine; whom the
duke of Burgundy (probably enraged at the
failure of his hope of uniting the duchies of
Burgundy and Lorraine by the marriage of
his daughter) imprudently as well as unjustly
contrived to make prisoner as related in the
text ; but he was very shortly obliged to set him
at liberty. Page 154. line 6. It/} The cause of this
expedition was briefly as follows. Some years

442
before, Adolphus the son of Arnold duke of
Gueldres rebelled against his father, deposed
and imprisoned him and took possession of his
estates. Complaint of this outrage being made
at the papd and imperial courts, the duke of
Burgundy was appointed umpire and awarded to
the old duke a portion only of the hereditary
state for his maintenance, with which he seemed
to be well satisfied. His son on the contrary
swore " that he would rather throw the old
man into a well and himself afterwards than,
acquiesce in such a sentence." Justly indignant
at this monstrous ingratitude, the duke upon
this deprived the unnatural villain of his estates
which he thereupon purchased of the father
at the price of 92,000 florins. Arnold died
five years afterwards, having by his last will
disinherited his son and confirmed his sale to
the duke of Burgundy. The duke of Juliers
however, had some . claims to the succession
which it was more difficult to compromise; and
these, together with the opposition made by
some of the towns of Guelderland and Zutphen
to the duke's possession involved him in an
expensive and sanguinary warfare. Du Clos.
Page 190. line 19. Lord de L'isle.] Qu.
William de l'isle lord of Marivaux, &c. maitre
d'hotel to the cardinal of Bourbon in 1484, who
died in 1511.
Page 190. line 5 from the bottom. Count de
Joigny.] John de Chalons lord of Viteaux was

443
second son of John, and brother of Louis
prince of Orange. Hmrried Jane sister and
heir of Louis de la Tremouille, count of Joigny
who died s. p. in 1467; and his eldest son by
this lady had the title of count de Joigny in
right of his mother.
Page 192. line 5. Count of Savoy.] James,
one of the youngest sons of Louis count of
Savoy, was count of Romont. He married
Mary daughter of Peter de St Pol and of Mar
garet of Savoy his sister. Philip de Comines
exclaims against these incestuous marriages, which
he says, were very common in the house of
SavOy. Page 199. last fine. Sir John Cheam and
Chaney.] " Sir John Cheyney." Stowe.
Page 216. line 8. Cordeliers.] The posterity
of the constable de St Pol will be best understood
by the following table.

444

N
<H
O
u

Eldest son,
Peter II. married Mar
garet of Savoy, dowager
of Montferrat and died in
1482.

Second son.
Anthony, count of Bri-
enne, and Roussy, married
Antoinette de Bauffre-
mont countess of Chargny
and 2ndly, Frances de
Croy daughter of theprince
of Chimay.

' Mary, -countess of St Pol
who by her second mar
riage with Francis count
of Vendome, brought the
county of St Pol, &c.
into the house of Bour
bon. Frances, married to
Philip of Cleves count of
Ravenstein. By the first marriage.
Philiberta, countess of
Cliarny, married John
prince of Orange.

J By the second marriage.
Charles count of Bri-
enne, Ligny, Roussy, &c.
died 1530. Ancestor of
the house of Piney-Luxem-
bourg.

Third son,
Louis, count of Ligny,
married Eleanor, princess
of Altamura, and died
in 1503, without issue.
Besides these three sons, who were temporal
princes, the constable had two others, John his
eldest, who was called count of Marie and
Soissons, and killed at the battle of Morat, in
the life-time of his father, and Charles bishop
of Laon who died in 1509. His daughters were
Jacqueline the wife of Philip de Croy, count of
Porcien, Helen the wife of Janus of Savoy count
of Geneva, Philippa abbess of Moncel, and Jane
a nun. Of all these children, Louis and Jane
Were the offspring of his second marriage with
Mary of Savoy, the sister of Margaret the

445 '
wife of his eldest surviving son Peter. The con
stable had besides, a numerous illegitimate pro
geny — John bishop of Angouleme, Jane mar
ried to Anthony d'Ailly lord of Varennes, Mar
garet the wife of Philip d'Inchy castellan of Douay,
&c. &c. Page 229. line 11. Obstinacy.] To explain
the occasions and consequences of the several
wars in which the duke of Burgundy was en
gaged down to the period of his death,, would
be to overload this meagre chronicle With a
profusion of commentary which it hardly seems
to deserve. It is better to refer- generally to
the histories of the times, especially to Comines,
for all these particulars..
Page 233. line \Qt\ Life.] This is entirely
a mistake. Queen Margaret had been set at
liberty in. November 1475 and on the) 7th of
March following, she renounced all herf claims-
to the county in favour o£y the king.; This
^as two. months befoBer the treaty with king
Rene was concluded. DuClos.
Page 249. line 8. Lucerne.] The army of
the duke of Lorraine is thus divided accord*
ing to Du Clos. The infantry commanded by
Guillaume Harfer, general of the Swiss, the
cavalry by the- count of Tierstein. The corps.
de Bataille consisted of 8000 infantry supported
by 1500 horse on the right, and 500/ on the
left wing. The rear-guard was composed of

446
only 800 foot. Rene" commanded the whole
army in person and had with him the counts of
Linange and Salins, the lords of Bassompierre,
Blamont, &c. &c.
Page 254. line 12. Slain.] Among them
the lords of Bievres, Contay, and la Viefville.
The two bastards, Anthony and Baldwin, the
counts of Nassau, Retel, Chimay, Oliver de la
Marche, and others, were made prisoners.
Page 265. line 15. Duke of Gueldres.] See
note to page 154. The duke of Gueldres
(Adolphus) had been confined a prisoner in the
castle of Courtray ever since the events which
are there mentioned. But, on occasion of the
king's imprudent invasion of the duke of Bur
gundy's territory, the Flemings brought him
out of his prison to command their forces and
become the husband of their young sovereign
Mary of Burgundy. His death put an end to
this design ; and the competitors for the hand
of the heiress were then reduced to three, viz.
tbe dauphin of France, John son of the duke of
Cleves, and Maximilian son of the emperor
Frederic and king of the Romans. The violent
conduct of Louis towards the states of Burgun
dy blasted the expectations which he might
otherwise have very reasonably entertained for
his son. Mary is said to have felt a personal
repugnance to the heir of Cleves, and an equal
partiality for her imperial suitor. In his favour

447
•therefore the die was ultimately cast ; and their
marriage took place on the 18th of August in this
same year, 1477-
Page 268. line 3. Church.] This nobleman
would have fallen unpitied had it not been for
the execrable inhumanity which accompanied
his execution, his children being brought to the
scaffold and made to stand there in such a
position that the blood of their father might
sprinkle their bodies.
Mary of Anjou his wife, died in child
birth of the effects of the shock which she ex
perienced on hearing of his captivity. Of his
three sons, Louis only lived to the age of man
hood. He was restored to his father's honours
and fell at the battle of Cerignole on the 28th
of April 1 503. * Of his daughters, Margaret
was the wife of the mareschal de Gie, Catherine
married John duke of Bourbon, and Charlotte,
Charles de Rohan.
Page 281. line 19. 'Expired.] This impro
bable story is, I believe, satisfactorily refuted
and justly ridiculed by historians.
Page 287. last line. With.] Heuterus relates
a story, something similar, of a governor of a
town under Charles duke of Burgundy, upon
whom that prince afterwards caused exemplary
punishment to be inflicted for his crime. The
alledged crime of Kirke, is, I believe, now
pretty generally admitted to be a fabrication,

448
and was probably founded on the Burgundian
anecdote by some anti-jacobite writer.
Page 3 i 3. line 19. Brother.] Say rather,
"Should have been charged with the murder
of their brothers." The duke of Guienne is
believed by the best historians to have died a
natural death ; and the earl of Mar (youngest
brother of JattiesTII.) met his fate, according to
the account adopted by Drummond of Haw-
thornden, in a manner merely accidental. The
execution of George duke of Clarence, though
it may well be said that the king ought to
have pardoned- his brother, yet, as it was the
consequence of actual treason fully proved in
the regular course of law, certainly does not
merit the appellation of a murder.
Page 315. line 17. King of Poulaine.] Who
this imaginary personage may be intended for'
I cannot tell. If for Maximilian, it is entirely
a mistake. He was not made prisoner. Nor
Was there any other prince or son of a king
present at the engagement.
Page 332. line 10. Niece to the duke of
Bourbon.] Her death was occasioned^ by a fall
from her horse while hunting. Maximilian*
was really much attached to her. But if he
had not been so, his sorrow for her loss Could
scarcely have been the less sincere as the death
of their natural sovereign left him with very

Am
little personal claim on the affections of the
states pf Flanders and other parts of her remain
ing dominions. Her only son was Philip of
Austria duke, of Burgundy who, by his marriage
with Joanna the heiress of Castille and Arragon,
transmitted the kingdom of Spain to his posterity.
Her daughter Margaret was first affianced to the
dauphin, but afterwards most imprudently reject
ed, by him for Ann of Bretagne. She was then
affianced to John prince of Spain; but he died
before the solemnization of the nuptials. At
|ast she found a husband in Philibert the fair,
duke of Savoy, but had no children by him, and
after his, death (which happened within three
yea™ from the time of their union) she retired
to tlie court of the emperor her father, and
became, towards the end of her life, justly cele
brated as the governess of" }:he low, countries,
She died'in 1532,
Page 337. line 15. Sir William de la Mark.}
Third son of John the first, count of Aremberg
and, brother of Robert de la Marck, .first duke
pf Bouillon. He married Jane of, Arschot
baroness of Schonhouen, by whom he had
Joha baron of Lumain who died 1526.
Page 339. line 16. Thing.] Louis %l. is
exculpated by Du Clos, in the account which
heaves, of this transaction, from any concern in
the. bishop's murder other than that of having
ii_rnish'ed'"the Wild Boar" witli the mean's q$
vojl. XL ff £

45.0
raising a force for the purpose of securing
a passage through the territories of Liege
for the French armies in any future attempts
to subdue the country of Brabant. When the
bishop was so treacherously abandoned by his
followers, " the Wild Boar" advanced directly
to him and thus addressed him. "Louis of
Bourbon, I have sought thy friendship and thou
hast refused it to me." Saying this, he clove
his head with a battle-axe and ordered hi§
body to be thrown into the Meuse. The crime
did not pass unpunished, the murderer being
executed " at Utrecht two years afterwards by
order of Maximilian.
Page 349. fine 3. Lord d'Albret.) Alan,
lord of Albret, father of John who was after
wards king of Navarre.
Page 355. last line. Amen.] The only sur-
viving children of Louis XI, were Charles VIII,
Anne the wife of Peter de Bourbon lord of
Beaujeu, and Jane the wife of Louis duke
of Orleans, afterwards Louis XII.
Page 385. line 5. from the bottom. Lord
des Querdes.] Philip de Crevecoeur lord des
Querdes marshal of France in 1483.
Page 3S6. line 7 from the bottom. Lard
de Baudricourt/} John de Baudricourt lord of
Choiseul, marshal of France in 1418.
Page 386. line 5 from the bottom. Ler$
4 'Avaugour.] Francis bastard son of duke Francia

451
the second of Bretagne, count of Vertus barons
of Avaugour, lord of Clisson.
Page 386. line 5 from the bottom. Rohan.]
John viscount de Rohan married to Mary
daughter of Francis I. duke of Bretagne.
Page 387. line 4 from the bottom. Lord
d'Orval.] John d'Albret, lord of Orval, who
by his marriage with Charlotte daughter of
John count of Nevers, and sister of Elizabeth
duchess of Cleves acquired the cpunty of Rethel
in Champagne as her coparcenary share.
Page 390. line 9. King of Romans.] Louis
II. de la Tremouille, viscount Thouars and prince
of Talmont, grandson of George count pf Guisnes
and Boulogne. He was killed at the battle of
Pavia. Page 390. line 14. Lord d'Argenton.] Philip
de Comines, the historian.
Page 320. line 20. Lord de Montfiensier.']
Gilbert de Bourbon, lord of Montpensier, father
of Charles duke of Bourbon and constable of
France. He married the daughter of the mar
quis of Mantua and died in 1496.
Page 390. line 7 from the bottom. Lord de
Vendome.] Francis de Bourbon count of Ven
dome, married to a daughter of the constable
de St Pol. He died in 1496, and was father
of Charles, and grandfather of Anthony, duke
of Vendome and king of Navarre.
Page 390. line 6 from the bottom. Lord
g g 2

452
Ang.illebe.rt of Cleves.} Engilbert. second sen of
John duke of Cleves* and Elizabeth heiress of
Nevers, afterwards called duke of Nevers.
Page 390. line 6 from the bottom. Lord
John Jacques.] John James Trivulzio, marquis of
Vigevano, one of the greatest generals of- his
age. Page 390. line 5 from the bottom. Prince
of Salerno.} Anthony de Sari Severino prince
of Salerno, son of the famous Robert de San
Severino. Page 390. line 3 from the bottom. Marquis
de Saluces.] Louis II. marquis of Saluces died
in 1504. Page 390. line 3 from the bottom. De
Vienne.] Vienne. This family was divided
into so many branches that I cannot fix on the
person here meant.
Page 390. line 2 from the bottom. Marshal
de Gie/} Peter de Rohan, lord of Gie, marshal
of France, in 1475.
Page 390. line 2 from the bottom. De-
Rieux/} John V. lord of Rieux and Rochefort,
marshal of France.
Page 390. last line. Seneschal of Beaucaire.]
Stephen de Vers, seneschal of Beaucaire, cham
berlain to the king, a native of Languedoc of
mean extraction, through whose instigation
principally, this extravagant expedition was- un
dertaken. Brissonnet, another court favourite,

te
afterwards a cardinal, was the second promoter
ofthe enterprise. See Comines.
Page 390. last line. Seneschal of Normandy.]
Louis Despres, lord of Montpezat, seneschal of
Normandy. Page 391. line 6. De Bourdillon.] Qu. Imbert
de la Platiere, youngest son of Philibert de la
Platiere lord des Borde_? He was a great fa
vourite: with Francis I. and Henry II. and was
iharesclial of France in 1562. He died in 1567
s. p. But more probably this was 'his uncle or
some other relation.
Page 391. line 6. De la Palice.\ James de
Chabannes, lprd of la Palice, marshal in 1515.
Pa,ge39l. line 16. Perot de Bcclt/} Perron
de Baschi,. Maitre d'hotel to Charles VIII,
one,' of the sons of Berthold de Baschi
lord of Vitozzo, squire to king Louis III.
of Sjcily, and lineally descended from Hugolino
de Baschi, sovereign lord of Orvieto, who iri
1322 was driven from his seignory and after-
ward? entering into the service of the republic
of Pisa, beat the Florentines at the battle of
, Bagno iri 136.3. The descendants of this family
settling in France., became marquisses of Aubais
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Page 391. line 7 from the bottom. Lord
de k Brow} Ren£ de la Brosse, . count of
Pentkievre, son of John count of Pen thievre, and
son-in-law to the historian Philip de Cominef.

454
He was killed at the battle of Pavia in
1524. Page 392. line 3. Duchess of Savoy.] Blanche,"
daughter of William the ninth marquis of Mont-
ferrat, and widow of Charles the first duke of
Savoy, protectress of the dukedom for her son
Charles the second, then an infant.
Page 398. note. Frederic — was brother t»
Alphonso king ^of Naples.] But it is entirely a
mistake that he died of the fright, since he out
lived both his brother and his nephew, and en
joyed for a short time the title of king of Naples.
He did not die before the year 1504.
Page 401. line 7. Marquis of Montferrat/}
Boniface the fifth, of the house of Pakeologus.
died in 1493, and was succeeded by his eldest son
William IX. The marchioness, his widow, here
mentioned, died at the age of 29, while these
negotiations were going on ; and upon her death
the marquis of Saluces and Constantine prince
of Servia, her brother, disputed the tutelage
of the young marquis. Philip de Comines was
sent to Casal for the purpose of accommodating
this dispute; and his decision was in favour
of Constantine. That prince is, irt the text,
erroneously calledthesecondson of the marchioness,
when in fact, he was her brother. John George,
who was himself marquis or Montferrat after
the death of William, was the only younger son
of Boniface the fifth. See Guicciardini. lib. 2.

455
Page 405. line 4. Pavia.] The king went to
Pavia to visit the young duke of Milan, John
Galease, who was then' lying dangerously ill in
the castle of that place. He had lately married
Isabel of Arragon who (with her only child,
Francis, then but a few months old) went out
to meet the king as here mentioned. The death
of the duke which happened before the king
left him was universally attributed to poison,
administered by Ludovico Sforza his uncle who
had long governed the dukedom in his nephew's
name, and upon his death assumed the title also
of duke, in prejudice of the infant son of John
Galease. See Guicciardini, lib. i.
Page' 416. line 12. Naples.] Q. Nepi, half
way between Viterbo and Rome?
Page 416. line 14. Lord Virgilio d'Qrsini.]
Count of Tagliacozzo, ancestor of the dukes of
Bracciano. He was a general in the Neapolitan
service and died in 1497.
Page 416. line 9 from the bottom. Ligny.}
Ligny. See note p. 109. vol. xii.

H. Bryer, Printer,
Bridge-street, Blackfriar9, London.

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