0! Coit gity and i^»» 3attie$ J«. l)wer/0,P. ¦ :V»JVi:vs,:<;C(;;,:v;vi^iii:Mis|*!:troductiox Chapter I. The Years of Prosperity . . . . i II. The Long and Dark Night of Persecution . . 6 III. The Dawn of a Brighter Day . . , . 21 I\'. Unexpected Blessings . . . . - ¦ 37 V. .A Succession of Joys and Sorrows .. ., 52 VI. Great and Good Men . . . . . . 74 Second Part — County. Youghal and the Miraculous Statue . , . . 113 Castlelyons — Convent of the Blessed Virgin ., 127 Glanworth — Convent of the Holy Cross ., 131 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 13S Appendix. Three Important Occurrences . . 141 List of Deaths . . 143 Letter of Invitation received by Father Leahy to be present at the Synod of Thurles . . . . . . . , 145 Memorial of the Regulars of Ireland addressed to Members of both Houses of Parliament, April, 1829 . . . , 146 Important Charge concerning the Catholic Religious Com munities, delivered in the Rolls Court, Dublin, on the 3rd of November, I S64 ., .. .. .,150 The Religious Orders — The Penal Laws 167 The Penal Laws versus The Dominican Fathers . . 168 Our Lady of Youghal— " St. Mary of Graces " .. ,.186 Index . . . . . . . . - - i93 £i$t of Tllu$tration$. Page Church of St. Mary's, Pope's Quay, Cork . , frontispiece South Elevation of St. Mary's Dominican Priory, Cork 24 Interior of St. Mary's Church, Cork . . 25 Dr. Hynes • ¦ 39 Father Jandel . . . . 43 Rev. John Albert Ryan, s.t.m. . . ,53 Most Rev. Dr. Carbery, o.P. . . 77 Rev. Thomas Burke, o.p. . . . . , , 81 Most Rev. Dr. O'Callaghan, o.P. ¦ ¦ 85 Most Rev. Dr. Hyland, o.p. . . . . 87 Most Rev. Dr. Flood, o.p. . . . . . . 91 Very Rev. B. T. Russell, o.p. . . . . -93 Most Rev. Dr. Leahy, o.P. . , • ¦ 95 Convent of Y'oughal . . . , . . ..115 Friary of Y'oughal . . . . . . ..117 16. Statue and Old and New Shrine of Our Lady of Y'oughal 119 17. Chalice of Y'oughal Convent .. .. .. 124 Fac-simile Page of Black-Letter Bible . . . . 125 Convent of Castlelyons .. .. .. ..129 Convent of Glanworth .. .. .. • • i33 Doorway in Tower, Convent of Glanworth .. 135 Sieur Boullaye le Gouz . . . . . . . . 187 J- 4- 5- 6. 7-8.9- 10. 1 1. 12. 13- U-Is. 18. 19. 20.21. Introduction. "Let us now praise men of renown, and our fathers in their generation . men of great power, and endued with their wisdom. . Rich men in virtue, studying beautifulness ; living in peace in their houses. All these have gained glory in their generations, and were praised in their days. . Their bodies are buried in peace, and their name liveth unto generation and generation. Let the people shew forth their wisdom, and the Church declare their praise." — Ecclesiastiais, chapter xliv. URING six hundred and sixty-seven years the Dominicans have resided in the city of Cork, and " through weal and woe " have the members of their Order min istered in unbroken succession to the spiritual wants of its people, nor did they hesitate to saci-ifice themselves when necessary for the temporal welfare of those committed to their care. For more than three centuries they remained un molested in their home (St. Mary's of the Isle) on the banks of the Lee. But then persecution drove them from their peaceful cloisters, and obliged them to seek a place of safety where they could live in the Mobservance of their rule, and at the same time labour for those endeared to them by many ties both of nature and religion. They, therefore, retired to "Old Friary Lane,"^'' situated off Shandon Street, where (i) Gibson's History of Cork, page 371, vol. ii. xiv. INTRODUCTION. we find them in the early part of the eighteenth century, 1721, but they again moved off in 1784, and built a convent and chapel in Dominick Street, on the site now occupied by the Butter Crane. At length they settled down on Pope's Quay, where they carry on their priestly avocations for the benefit of the people of Cork and its neighbourhood. Having thus given an outline of the chequered career of the Friars Preachers since their advent in our city, I propose to relate in detail what is known of their years of prosperity, then what befell them when scattered by the ruthless hand of persecution, and, finally, what comes under our observation in these days of comparative freedom, when the Domini cans are no longer hampered in the good work for which their founder established his Order — that of preaching and spreading the Gospel of Christ. To effect this object I shall principally draw from the records of the Order in Cork,<=) and the Hibemia Doviinicana.'-^^ When the information is from any other source, I shall indicate whence it comes. (-) The Abridged Annals of the Order of St. Do7ninic in Cork, published in pamphlet form by the Very Rev. B. T. Russell, o.P., have furnished the materials of this historic account up to the opening of St. Mary's Church, Pope's Quay. fs) Page 214. Church of St. Mary's, Pope's Oltay, Cork. Cbe Dominicans of Cork City ana Connty. FIRST PART— CITY, Chapter l. Cl)e Vears of Prosperity. Treading down this world of evil To his mighty task he goes : Stript of all, he seeks the conflict. Turns him to Christ's banded foes, Grace sustaining, With the fire that inward glows. Lo ! his arms of heavenly temper — Words and signs of wondrous power, Prayers of love, and tears of pity : Whilst his warrior children bore His commission Onward still from shore to shore. — Saint Dominic HE Order of Friars Preachers was intro duced into Cork in 1229 by Philip Barry, a Welsh nobleman, and ancestor of the family of Barrymore, in the county of Cork. As a memorial of gratitude the members of the community placed in their church a bronze equestrian statue of the founder, which re mained intact until the house was suppressed by 2 THE DOMINICANS OF Henry VIII. This convent, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, was erected on one of the marshes of the " five-isled city," and therefore called " Saint Mary's of the Island." The church is described in the history of the Order as a "magnificent church'' — Magnijica Ecclesia. Of these buildings nothing now remains but some stones, which, at its erection, were inserted in the walls of the Priory, Pope's Quay.^'*) We know not the names or the number of the brethren when the community was first established, but their fame and credit had evidently spread, for early in their career David McKelly, a dignitary of the diocese of Cashel, joined the community, and we find that only eight years had elapsed since the foundation of St. Mary's when he was chosen bishop of Cloyne, and in the following year, 1238, was transferred to the metropolitan See of Cashel, of which he had previously been dean. He was replaced in the See of Saint Col- man by another Doininican named Allan O'Sullivan. The new bishop showed his attachment for the Order by erecting, not far from his cathedral on the Rock of Cashel, a beautiful convent and church of Friars Preachers. He attended the first General Council (4) These stones were given by the Corporation of Cork to the Very Rev. B. T. Russell, through the kind intervention of the late Mr. William Hegarty. A coign stone, likewise supposed to have belonged to St. Mary's of the Isle, and bearing this inscrip tion — In hoc signo vinces — "In this sign shalt thou conquer," is to be found in one of the walls of the yard adjoining the mill of Mr. Edwin Hall, Crosse's Green ; but the fact of this stone bearing a recent date causes a doubt as to its appertaining to the old Dominican foundation. CORK CITY .\N1) COUNTY. 3 held in Lyons in 1245, and his name is to be seen subscribed to its acts. He died in 1252, after a dis tinguished career, equally remarkable for zeal and prudence. In the same year Allan O'Sullivan, bishop of Lismore, also departed this life. The Dominican community of Cork was treated with special favour in 1309, an annual donation of thirty-five marks having been granted from the Royal Treasury. Some years afterwards (13 17) the Friars, by the charter of Edward II. to the city of Cork, received the privilege of a free passage through the gate of the newly-erected city walls near their convent.^s) Similar grants were made to St. Mary's in the eighth year of the reign of Edward III. and subsequently. But when we reflect on the treatment given in after years by kings and nobles to the in mates of religious houses in Ireland, we are forcibly reminded of the wise counsel of the Psalmist, " Put not your trust in princes. . . . Blessed is he . . . whose hope is in the Lord his God." — Ps. 145. As in the early history of the Order, its members were raised to the episcopate, so in the following century we find that Philip de Slane was bishop of Cork. About 1321 he was sent to Rome on a special embassy by the King of England, and subsequently appointed one of his Majesty's Council in Ireland. John le Bond who, in 1340, was prior of St. Mary's of the Island, had previously been dean of Cloyne, (5) Gibson's History of Cork, page 368, vol. ii. 4 THE DOMINICANS OF and was elected for the bishopric of Cork, but we cannot say that he accepted the dignity.(^> Edmond Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, and father of the heir presumptive to the throne, coming to Cork when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, took up his residence in the Dominican Convent. Whilst staying here he died on St. Stephen's Day, 1381, and is supposed to ha\e been buried within the precincts of St. Mary's. A Cork Dominican, called therefore " Joannes Corcagiensis," was archbishop of Cologne in 1461. A certain citizen, named David Ferry, left by his will, drawn up about the year 1475, a legacy to the community of St. Mary's for masses for the dead. This legacy was mentioned amongst a number of bequests for repairing churches in Cork, damaged most likely during the disturbances which had occurred in the city. In course of time various circumstances combined in causing the rule to be somewhat relaxed amongst the brethren in Ireland. The principal cause of this was the War of the Roses. Thence arose in our city civil disturbances unfavourable to strict discipline. To remedy this relaxation it was ordained in the General Chapter of Milan, in 1484, that the Very Rev. Maurice Moral, then Vicar-General of the Dominican Order in Ireland, should re-establish strict observance in the Cork convent, as likewise in the other houses under his jurisdiction. The brethren most willingly (6) Monasticon Hibernicum : Archdall, page 57. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 5 submitted to the directions of their superior, and we are assured that fourteen years afterwards, in 1508, the Reform — as exact conventual life is called — was in a most flourishing condition in St. Mary's ofthe Island. In the following year the Dominican communities of Cork, Youghal, Limerick, and Coleraine were formed into a " congregation of strict observance," under the authority of a vicar-general. This arrangement was highly approved of by those assembled in the General Chapter of Rome, A.D. 15 18. An event of great importance took place in 1536. Pope Paul III. made Ireland, hitherto under the jurisdiction of the Provincial of England, a separate Province of the Order. The Irish brethren then elected their own local Superior, or Provincial. This privilege was accepted and acknowledged by the General, and was the means of providentially saving the Dominicans of Ireland from utter extinction — a fate which befell the English branch of the Order at the dissolution of religious houses in the reign of Henry VIII. Cliapter TT. ZU Cong ana Dark night of Persecution. When heresy swept o'er the land like a destroying flood. And tyrants dipped their reeking hands in the martyr's sacred blood — The sons of Dominic then like men embraced the stake and stood Before the burning pile as 'twere the Saviour's holy rood, And kissed their scapulars whilst they bled, three hundred years ago. And when the altar fed the flame and Christ was mocked again, Then faithful voices still were heard o'er mountain, cave, and glen. And thus was saved our country's faith, and thus the Lamb was slain; And ne'er was Ireland's title more "the Isle of Saints" than when The Preacher found a martyr's grave, two hundred years ago. — Rev. T. Burke, o.p. ijHE first wave of persecution which came on the brethren and filled them with dismay — being only a presage of what they were to expect for many years afterwards — was the confiscation of their convent, with all its appurtenances, and its sale to a person named William Boureman at an annual head rent of six shillings and ninepence. This act of injustice was perpetrated under Henry VIII. For CORK CITY AM) COUNTY. 7 a long time afterwards the Dominicans resided in their house, and, though frequently compelled to take to flight or conceal themselves, they never despaired of regaining possession of their cherished abode ; and, strange to say, they contrived at intervals to live in community in St. Mary's of the Isle during the troublesome times which intervened between this act of confiscation and the accession of William III. In the meantime Peter Wall, of the Order of Saint Dominic, was nominated bishop of Cloyne by Pius IV. in 1556. An act of vandalism was committed during the reign of Elizabeth, in 1578, to the great grief of the Catholics who witnessed it. By order of Mathew Sheyne, Protestant bishop of Cork, the image of Saint Dominic was dragged from the " Abbey of the Isle" to the high cross of the city, and publicly burned to ashes. In the beginning of the reign of James I., to whose government the Catholics of Cork refused to submit whilst deprived of "liberty of conscience," the friars began to repair their church and convent ; but persecution soon obliged them, as well as others, to abandon the repairing of the old churches and abbeys. In 1606 the Lord President of Munster subjected the Mayor, Aldermen, and other persons of the city of Cork to heavy fines, and even imprisonment, for refus ing to assist at Protestant service. In the thirteenth year of James I. (1616) a grant was made to Sir John King of the church, steeple, monastery, etc., of the Cork Dominicans. In the following year stringent 8 THE DOMINICANS OF proclamations were passed, condemning the regular clergy to banishment and outlawry. ('' We find it asserted in the Acts of the General Chapter of Rome in 1644, that, four years previously, a Middle Chapter of the Dominicans of Ireland was held in the Cork convent, and that Father James O'Hurley, subse quently bishop of Emly, presided. Several of the other Fathers present soon became illustrious as bishops, or martyrs for the Faith. About the same time a distinguished preacher named Father John O'Morrogh was attached to this house. In 1641 the Irish Catholics arose in self-defence, and the following year the Dominican Order, -re newing its youth like the phcenix of romance, was completely restored throughout Ireland. In the short interval of peace enjoyed by the Catholics, there were forty-three houses in a flourishing condition and six hundred Friars Preachers in the country ; but how soon, alas ! were these either dispersed or murdered. Three years afterwards Lord Inchiquin gave orders that the Catholics of Cork be expelled from the city ; <^' and ere long, the rage of blind fanatics burst forth in all its fatal virulence, especially against the members of the religious bodies, many of whom received the martyr's crown, for they were mindful of that inspired (7) About the year 1630 there were many persons who, in order to be exempt from the "sessa" ot soldiers and other public charges, took up their residence on the island of St. Mary's. Hence it would seem that the island was free from taxa tion, and that its freedom was acknowledged by the authorities. (8) Gibson's History of Cork, p. 77, vol. ii. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 9 admonition : " Strive for justice for thy soul, and even unto death fight for justice." — Ecles. iv. 33. In order to understand what the brethren endured in those dark and trying times, and what glorious fortitude they evinced in their sufferings, it will be sufficient to describe the noble conduct of but a few of those champions of truth and liberty. Father Richard Barry, a Cork Dominican, having in 1647 courageously defended the sanctuary in the Cathedral of Cashel, where he was Prior, and refused to divest himself of his religious dress for that of a secular (as he considered doing so an act of apostacy), was ordered to be burned alive on the Rock of Cashel. Having suffered for two hours with wonderful heroism, he was pierced through with a sword. Four days after this shocking occurrence, when the English soldiers had left the town, the proofs of his martyrdom were judicially examined by the Vicar-General and the Notary Apostolic. His remains were then conveyed in solemn procession, and with joyful anthems, to the beautiful enclosure of his own convent, where it is hoped they still remain in undisturbed repose. Only one year elapsed after this distinguished martyr had gone to his reward, when a young Dominican, Brother Dominic de Burgo, a near rela tive of the Earl of Clanricarde, was captured on board the ship in which he intended to sail for Spain in order to pursue his studies, and was cast into prison at Kinsale, whence he escaped by jumping from the IO TIIE DOMINICANS OF wall to the sea-shore. Covered ^vith mire, without food, drink, or sufficient clothing, he concealed himself for two days in a neighbouring wood, and was then sheltered under the hospitable roof of the family of the Roches, probably of Garretstown. In after life he became the celebrated Bishop of Elphin, for whose head or capture the Government offered a reward. Oliver Plunket, the martyred Archbishop of Armagh, wrote from his dungeon warning him of the attempts made against his life by the Privy Council. He died an exile from his beloved country. Another martyr to his Master's cause was Father /Eneas Ambrose O'Cahill, an eloquent preacher, and a man of great zeal. Recognised by a troop of Cromwell's soldiers as a member of the Dominican community of Cork, they cut him to pieces with their sabres, scattered his limbs, and trampled them under foot. This occurred in 1651. The General Chapter, held in Rome five years sub sequently, described in one of its Acts the furious persecution which had been raging for a considerable time in Ireland, and gives us to understand its fatal results in the following expressive words : — " An abundant harvest of those, who in our Irish province have suffered for the Catholic faith, has been gathered in these our days into the celestial granary ; since of forty-three convents which the Order possessed in this island, not a single one survives to-day, which the fury of the heretical persecutor hath not either burned or levelled to the ground, or diverted to profane uses. CORK CITY AND COUNTV, II In these religious establishments there were counted about six hundred, of whom but the fourth part is now in the land of the living, and even that -number is dispersed in exile ; the remainder died martyrs at home, or were cruelly transported to the island of Barbadoes." In the meantime there was one who on account of the disturbed state of the country appears to have escaped the notice of even his superiors. Father Thomas Fitzgerald, full of zeal and piety, as well as great simplicity of manners, assumed the garb of a peasant, and thus attired exercised his sacred ministry amongst the Catholics of Cork during the entire period of Cromwell's usurpation. Another Cork Dominican, Father Eustace Maguire, was distinguished not only for similar qualifications of piety and zeal, but also for fearless courage. He was chosen governor of the castle of Druineagh, near Kanturk, and defended it so bravely during the Cromwellian wars that it was never captured, nor did it surrender. When Charles II. was restored, the Regulars set about building new convents, or repairing those left standing in retired places. Novices were even received and professed. About this period the Church of St. Mary's of the Isle — then changed into a barn — the spire and convent, etc., were handed over to Captain Arthur Dillon as a grant in trust for the " forty-nine " officers who had served in King Charles's army. Notwith standing this, the Dominicans soon regained posses sion of their property. 12 TIIE DOMINICANS OF A beautiful silver remonstrance, bearing date 1669, and the name of the donor. Father Richard Kent, O.P., is still used at Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Dominican Church, Pope's Quay. A silver crucifix, fe) on which is inscribed the same date, was presented to St. Mary's of the Isle by Father John O'Regan, O.P., who is described in the History of the Order in Ireland as " a distinguished preacher of the Word of God." The most precious treasure, however, in the hands of the Cork Dominicans is the miraculous statue of Our Lady of Youghal, " St. Mary of Graces," which is publicly venerated in their church, and of which an account is given in the second part of this book. In a Chapter held at Athenry, county Galway, in 1676, Father Constantine O'Keeffe, of the Cork com munity, was chosen Provincial of Ireland. He was a profound theologian, an eloquent preacher and poet in the Irish language. He endured great trials and sufferings in the time of Cromwell, and died in 1679. In the previous year the Regulars, as well as other ecclesiastics, were ordered by the authorities to leave the kingdom within a month. This order was given on the 1 8th October, and on the 20th ofthe following month, the day appointed for their expatriation, public notice was issued forbidding any Catholic whatsoever to reside in the city of Cork. To add to this outrageous treatment, the magistrates were in the (9) Also in possession of the present community. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. I3 succeeding year commanded to close all places of Catholic worship.('°) When James II. landed at Kinsale, and thence came to Cork, he lodged at St. Mary's of the Isle, and on the following Sunday assisted at mass in the Fran ciscan church of the North Abbey, situated on what is now known as the North Mall. On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, the Friars Preachers were compelled to leave their convent, because of the unjust laws enacted by him against the Catholic clergy and people, and never after did they resume possession of it. Their island home then became the residence of the Mayor of Cork, and in after years, though called " the great house of St. Dominic," was used by the Earl of Inchiquin as his town mansion. Amongst the inmates of St. Mary's of the Isle at the time of their flight and dispersion was Father William Barry, who, having studied at Toulouse and taught philosophy, returned to Cork, where he became eminent as a preacher both in Irish and English. He was several times elected prior by the brethren. After the dethronement of James II., having suffered much in the persecutions since 1680, he fled to Louvain, where he was chosen prior of the Holy Cross Convent, which belonged to the Irish province. This convent he enlarged and beautified, and at the expiration of his term of office was elected prior of the English (io) A registry ofthe Dominicans of Ireland from 1683 to 1696 is preserved in the Cork house. 14 THE DOMINICANS OF Dominicans of Bornheim, in the Low Countries. He died in 1706. Father Peter O'Garavain, who had been professor of philosophy in Portugal, was the last superior of St. Mary's of the Isle. On his return to Ireland he was appointed head of the Cork com munity, and when the city was captured by King William's army he fled to Lisbon, where he was chosen rector and professor of theology in the Irish College of Corpo Santo. He died exiled from his native country. <'') An Act of Parliament was passed in 1697, ordering all dignitaries and regular clergy to leave the country, and forbidding them to return under pain of death. As a consequence many prelates and friars were transported, or went into voluntary exile. No monastic house in Ireland was left untouched — not one but was suppressed. Still, rather than desert the persecuted Catholics, many of the friars fled to the mountains, concealed themselves in caverns, or were protected by kind-hearted Protestants. It is related that at this time a Cork Dominican, Father John Morrogh, unable through illness to escape, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city jail, where he found rest in death after four years of hardship and confinement. About the same period Father Walter Fleming arrived in Cork, whence he sailed to France, accompanied by Father O'Heyn, author of the Dominican history, Epilogus Chronologicus. In (ij) In 1706. CORK CITY ,\NI) C()UNT^'. 15 the following year the former returned to Ireland with Father Daniel McDonnell, a brother Dominican, but before landing both were seized and cast into Cork jail, where they were kept in chains for more than a year. On regaining liberty they returned to France. Another worth)- of notice was Father James Barrett, who had been married, and becoming a member of the Order after his wife's death was ordained priest in Cork. He was highly connected in this county, and at the time of the banishment of the clergy was advanced in years. Assuming the dress of a herds man, he took refuge in the house of an English friend, at the same time exercising his sacred ministry in the neighbourhood with great fruit. He died a peaceful death in the year 1710.^'=' A visitation was made in 1704 by Father Ambrose O'Connor, who had been appointed Provincial of the Irish Dominicans, whilst in Spain. Though sought after by spies, he escaped unhurt, and without being interfered with in his mission through the country. In the report of his visitation drawn up for Pope Clement IX., he informed his Holiness that there were ninety Dominican missionaries who, though concealed, were actively engaged in the ministry, and that five were in prison suffering for the faith. About the time of the Hanoverian succession, the (12) About the beginning of the eighteenth century an exception was made by the Government in favour of secular priests, on condition that they register their names at quarter sessions. Should they fail to do so, they were to receive treatment similar to that of the regular clergy, for whom there was no mercy. l6 THE DOMINICANS OF persecution somewhat abated, and the Dominicans scattered throughout Ireland began cautiously to form themselves into communities. Therefore, in 1721, we find the brethren of Cork, with Father Peter McCarthy as Prior, living in a narrow lane off Shandon Street, which on that account is still called Old Friary Lane.('3> The registry of professions for this convent dates from 1722. Another book, bearing date 1730, also exists, in which are ascribed the names of those received into the Third Order of St. Dominic, the Confraternities of the Rosary of the Blessed Virgin and the Sacred Name of Jesus. In this book are like wise to be found the names of deceased benefactors. Father Thomas Loghlin, preacher and confessor to the late dethroned king, was prior in 1730. In the succeeding year a Committee was appointed by the House of Lords to enquire into the state of Catholicity in Ireland ; and of the religious houses that had existed in the city of Cork only one Friary was returned in the report, the number of the com munity being unknown. This was evidently the house in Friary Lane. The following resolution was passed by the Committee : — " That it is our opinion that the number of popish priests, monks, and friars, and of public Mass-houses and convents, has of late years greatly increased in this kingdom, to the manifest danger of the Protestant religion of his Majesty's (13) The name had for some years been effaced, but has recently been restored by the Corporation, through the kind intervention of Mr. Michael McCarthy and the late Mr. John O'Brien, t.c. CORK CITY AND COUNTV. 17 Government, and of the peace and welfare of this kingdom." It is pleasing to notice that, notwithstanding these apprehensions, several novices received the Dominican habit, and were afterwards admitted to solemn profes sion in the Cork convent. Amongst others were the Brothers Albert O'Brien, Nicholas Walsh, Thomas Hylan, John Fitzgerald, Dominic Morrogh, John Lynch, Dominic McCurtin, and Dominic Walsh, all of whom were professed between the years 1722 and 1725.(14) We are informed that in 175 1 the Provincial applied to the General of the Order for authority to establish a novitiate in Cork. Eleven years afterwards postulants were sent abroad to receive the habit and to study for this house. Daniel Albert O'Brien, first-mentioned amongst those affiliated to the old Friary, went to Louvain, where, having finished his scholastic course, he was appointed professor of phil osophy and regent of studies. Returning subsequently to Ireland he laboured zealously in Cork and Limerick, being remarkable as a preacher both in English and Irish. The See of Cork was separated from that of Cloyne in 1748, and Dr. Richard Walsh, bishop of Cork, entrusted to Father O'Brien the pastoral charge of the South Parish,('5) and also appointed him vicar-general. Finding that the chapel, a thatched building on the (14) Hibemia Dominica, p. 216. (is) In those days Dominicans held several parishes in Ireland, there not being a sufficient number of secular priests. 1 8 THE DO.MINICANS OF site now occupied by the Presentation monastery and schools, was unfit for Divine worship, the good pastor, nothing daunted by the bigotry of the times, nor dis mayed by the difficulties in his path, undertook to erect the present parish church, which he completed in 1766. When all things were in order he resigned the parish in 1774, and was succeeded by Dr. Francis Moylan, subsequently bishop of Cork. Father O'Brien returned to his convent in Friary Lane, where, after seven years of prayer and labour, he passed to his eternal reward. The members of the Friary Lane community were remarkable for their varied learning. Amongst them were Father John O'Mahony, who was regent of studies and professor of Scripture at Louvain ; Father John Lynch, who filled the chair of philosophy in Rome, and was likewise master in Saint Thomas's College, Seville ; Father Dominic Morrogh, who taught philo sophy for two years, was then master of studies and second regent ; and Father William Lonergan, who besides being rector of the College of Corpo Santo, taught the entire ecclesiastical course both in Lisbon and Louvain. But the brethren of this house were not less reniarkable for their assiduity in the confessional as well as their zeal in the pulpit, and as a consequence their chapel was much frequented by devout persons, one of whom — Miss Nano Nagle, foundress of the Presentation Order^ — deserves special notice, her name being held in benediction by the Irish people. She and her brother, Councillor Joseph Nagle, presented CORK CITY AND COUNTY. ii to the Old Friary a handsome tabernacle, surmountei by a canopy, for exposition ofthe Blessed Sacrameni This valued gift is still preserved by the Cork com munity. As no direct opposition was feared on the part o the authorities, a new convent and chapel were bull by the Friars Preachers in 1784. The site chosen wa that on which the historic Shandon castle former! stood, and where, as already mentioned, the butte crane was subsequently erected. There are many sti! living in the city who cherish a fond and gratefu remembrance of Dominick Street Friary and its in mates during fifty-five years devoted to the interest; both spiritual and temporal, of those who frequentei their beautiful chapel. Two members of this commu nity were chosen by Bishop Moylan to teach theolog; in the Ecclesiastical Seminary, established in Corl during his episcopate — Father Conway, who had beei lecturer of philosophy in the College of Corpo Sante Lisbon, and Father John Sheehan, who was prior 0 the Irish Dominican Convent of Holy Cross, Louvair at the invasion of the French army during the Revo lution. Dr. Nugent, provincial, was at this tim appointed parish priest of Mitchelstown, and vicar general of the diocese of Cloyne. Though the Emancipation Act of 1829 was passec for the relief of the Catholic people of Ireland, it benefits did not extend to the regular clergy, who sooi after experienced the same persecuting spirit mani fested by the clauses of the Charitable Bequests Bill 20 THE DOMINICANS OF which has since been occasionally enforced against them when their rights were in question. They were, nevertheless, content to minister to the spiritual wants of the people, and to fulfil the sacred obligations which, as religious, they had voluntary contracted. The secular clergy and faithful people of Cork held public meetings to protest against this petty intoler ance of the Government, but their protestations were unheeded, and to this day ban and proscription remain on the statute book, and have been frequently brought forward in courts of justice, even in recent years, to the detriment of the regulars.^'*) (i6) The regulars were excepted in "Relief Bill" passed on 13th of April, 1829, by a clause for the gradual suppression of the Jesuits and monastic orders. Religious establishments of females were allowed to exist. Public General Statutes, 1829. 100 Georgii IV., cap. 7. "An Act of Relief of His Majestyls Roman CathoUc Subjects." Chapter TTT. the Dawn of a Brighter Day. Saith Saint Dominic to his chosen, " If the seed be put to keep, It will moulder to corruption, .And no fruit shall any reap.' Saith Saint Dominic to his chosen, " If the seed be cast abroad, It will bring forth in due season For the reaping of the Lord." — Ellen Downing, otherwise "Mary ofthe Nation." HE foundation stone of St. Mary's Church, Pope's Quay, was laid without public ceremony at the close of a memorable day of the year 1832 ; but this silent act of religion signified that the time was not far distant when the Dominicans of Cork would once more rejoice in the possession of peace and prosperity. Seven years had passed, and fleeting clouds were still visible on the horizon, but it may be said that the dense darkness of ceaseless persecution to which all " Regulars " were subjected had come to an end. On the auspicious occasion of the solemn dedication of St. Mary's church, in the year 1839, many Irish bishops, as likewise the Provincials of three 22 THE DOMINICANS OF religious orders, attended the celebration. The Most Rev. Dr. Crolly, archbishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland, preached, the ceremony being performed by the Right Rev. Dr. Murphy, bishop of Cork, assisted by the Most Rev. Dr. Egan, of Kerry ; Dr. Foran, of Waterford ; Dr. French, O.P., of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora ; Dr. Kinsella, of Ossory ; Dr. Healy, of Kildare and Leighlin ; Dr. Hynes, O.P., of Zante and Cephalonia ; and Dr. Crotty, of Cloyne and Ross. A sumptuous banquet was given by the citizens to the bishops and other distinguished persons, amongst whom was the " Liberator," Daniel O'Connell, who presided. A full account of the proceedings was pub lished in the London, Dublin, and provincial Press.''7> For nine years the brethren ofificiated in their new church, whilst residing in Dominick Street, when in 1848 the foundation stone of the present Priory was laid by the late Most Rev. Dr. Delany, in presence of a large concourse of priests and laity. A description (17) To perpetuate the memory ofthe dedication of St. Mary's, Pope Gregory XVI. decreed, by rescript from the Sacred Con gregation of Indulgences, Rome, dated 19th November, 1841, that the anniversary be celebrated with an octave, commencing on the Sunday immediately following the Feast of St. Luke, which falls on the i8th October. A plenary indulgence was granted to the faithful who, having received the Sacraments, would visit the church on the anniversary, or any day during the octave, and pray for the intentions of his Holiness. The same indulgence was likewise granted on the above conditions to all persons who assisted at the annual solemn commemoration of the deceased benefactors of the Church of St. Mary's, the cele bration to take place on any day within the Octave of " All Souls," appointed once and for ever by the Bishop of Cork. It was therefore fixed on the Monday after " All Souls' Day." CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 23 of the ceremony was given in the Cork Examiner of the 3rd May, as follows : — " The foundations were traced out in lines of masonry of great lextent. After the Litany of the Saints was chanted, his Lordship sprinkled the first stone and foundation with holy water. A :silver trowel, used at the foundation of the Metropolitan Church in Dublin, was then presented to his Lordship by the architect, William Atkins, esq., on a massive silver salver ; when his Lordship, taking the trowel, signed the mark of the cross on the corners of the stone and laid the mortar. The stone was then let down into its berth, the foundations were again sprinkled with holy water, and the ceremony was concluded. In a hollow of the stone had been placed a bottle containing a parchment scroll and two beautiful medallions — one of the coronation of Queen Victoria; the other, an exquisite specimen of art, of the iinstallation ofthe reigning Pontiff, presented by Dr. Delany for the occasion. These two medals, as it were, typified the spiritual allegiance paid by the founders to the head ofthe Catholic Church and the allegiance due and paid to the temporal Sovereign. The parchment bore the following inscription : — "Jesus — Maria — Dominicus. Hujus ccenobii fratrum Prae- dicatorum sub titulo Sanctoe Mariae fundamentum jecit, benedix- itque lUustrissimus et Reverendissimus GuUelums Delany, D.D., Episcopus Corcagiensis, assistente clero utriusque Ordinis, populoque hujusce civitatis plaudente, in festo S, Athanasii Doctoris Ecclesias, Pio Nono Pontifice Maximo Ecclesiam guber- nante, Victoria Regina Nostra feliciter regnante, Provinciate Hib. Dom., Adm. R. P. Patritio Dunn, etc., etc., etc' [translation]. "Jesus— Mary — Dominic. The foundation stone of this Con vent of Friars-Preachers, under the invocation of St. Mary, was laid and blessed on the Feast of St. Athanasius, Doctor of the Church, in the year of our Lord 1848, by the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Bishop of Cork, William Delany, D.D., in the 24 THE DOMINICANS OF o>-"oS eu z o so a H U) d,O2O H<:> W M H O \l ^rfijf'^p^ CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 2S Pontificate of Pius IX., in the reign of Queen Victoria, during the Proviucialship of the Very Rev. Father Brother Patrick Dunn. "It also bore the names of the Prior and Fathers of the Com munity, with the architect and principal contractors." Interior of St. Mary's Church, Cork. When the ceremony was concluded, the Prior, Very Rev. B. T. Russell, delivered an eloquent address, the appearance of which in extenso will, doubtless, be hailed by our readers with unmingled feelings of satisfaction. 26 THE DOMINICANS OK Address. " In returning thanks for your lordship's presence and blessing on this occasion, I express the gratitude not only of a community devotedly attached to the rule and person of their'Bishop, and, may I be permitted to add, their much-loved and honoured friend, but also of every superior and member of the Dominican Order in Ireland. Long and anxiously, my lord, have we been expecting the interesting ceremony of this day ; and now, in the name of the entire Irish province of Friars Preachers, I hail the episcopal benediction that has just descended on the foundations of St. Mary's Priory as initiatory to the restoration of the discip line and usefulness of our ancient Institute in this country. To you, Very Rev. and Rev. Brethren, who have favoured us with your attendance, we can offer no acknowledgment more accept able than to assure you of the reciprocity of our cordial and respectful attachment, ' careful,' as you know we have ever been, ' to keep with you the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace.' We have no other return, fellow-citizens, to make to you for your friendly sympathies with us on this, as on every other occasion, than, under the sense of this new obligation, to labour more strenuously than ever for the spiritual welfare of yourselves and your families. " The erection of the structure, of which the ground lines are now traced before us, has been undertaken with no other motive than to prepare a meet dwelling-place for the introduction into our conventual life of a new and improved system of regular observance ; or, to speak with more truth and propriety, for the return and re-instatement of the primitive spirit of the Order of St. Dominic, such as it had flourished in Cork more than six hundred years ago, when, for the reception of the first Dominican community, the walls of old ' St. Mary's Abbey of the Island ' arose on the southern banks of the Lee, under the protecting shadows of the mystic round tower and venerable Cathedral of St. Finbarr, the founder and patron saint of this city. To us who have long entertained those desires of renewed monastic life — CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 27 impaired, as it could not but have been amongst us by the effects of penal restrictions and the unfavourable circumstances of the country; to us, who in 1832 laid the foundations of St. Mary's Church, with a view to the eventual establishment on this adjoining spot of our Order in its original integrity — how auspicious is the coincidence that we have found ourselves ready ' to commence the work of renovation at a moment when Pius IX. has issued an encyclical letter to the Superiors of all Religious Orders throughout the Catholic world, a copy of which was ad dressed to our Irish Dominican Provincial, expressive of the warmest paternal affection for the regular clergy, and breathing from the heart of our Holy Father an anxious wish — to use the words of his' Holiness — ' that in every religious community may ¦ be so revived, as to flourish and to prosper from day to day, integrity of morals, holiness of Ufe, the observance of regular discipline, the cultivation of letters and holy knowledge, and above all the laws peculiar to each Order ; that thus may be maintained in each religious family a fervent and vigorous vitality, usefulness to the people secured, the Divine worship upheld, and the glory of God more and more augmented.' Thus, you [see, my friends, that in the breast of the great and good Pontiff the Apostle's ' daily instance and solicitude for all the churches ' is not suppressed under the weight ' of those things which are without ' — accumulated and increasing political anxieties. The same voice which has recently issued forth from the depths of the sanctuary, to herald the new mission of the Church in its gospel of truth and order and blessedness to society, hallowing with the benedictions of heaven every nationaUty which is founded or reconstructed by the spontaneous power of the popular will — that imposing voice is now heard in our monastic solitudes, bidding us, who are exempted by our state of life from the politics as from the pleasures of the world, to build up again our desolate places, and to make the ways of the desert bloom again as the flowering Carmel. Never was an admonition from the Chair of Peter more opportune and salutary. We are fallen on times of mighty portent and marvellous 28 THE DOMINICANS OF changes, of which the issues are not known. For religious truth, new conflicts may have soon to be encountered ; for refigious devotedness, new sacrifices demanded ; for religious triumphs, new heroism called forth. At no former period of church history was it more needful that all the forces of religion should be closely united, compactly arrayed, skilfully marshalled. Every element of spiritual power, however minute or isolated, may, by its attraction to the great centre of unity in counsel and action, be made subordinate to some general good ; and thus, too, may be rendered useful to society and the Church, in their new relations, even the services of one small religious com munity, and still more the combined energies of a scattered religious order. Is it then to be wondered at that, while national and municipal guards are encompassing the seats of reorganised political empire with strength and safety, the greatest reformer of the age should summon to the aid and glory of Christ's spiritual kingdom on earth those religious orders which, as Pius IX, himself writes, ' compose in their several forms that magnificent variety which invests the Church vvith such great lustre, and constitute those auxiliary troops, those chosen battalions of Christ, who have always been amongst the most distinguished ornaments and the firmest bulwarks of religion and of the State.' " To inspire amongst us, the regular clergy of modern times, an emulous imitation of the virtues, learning, utility, and devotedness of our religious predecessors, the Holy Pontiff recalls to our memories the services which our spiritual fathers in their generations rendered to religion in all its high paths of literature, in its perpetual contributions to civilization, in its ministrations to suffering humanity under every shape, in its uncompromising conflicts with error, in its propagation of the faith, and the enlightenment and sanctification of the people ; and when his Holiness recalls specially to our remembrance how those who went before us ' corabatted bravely and suffered joyfully all kinds of cruelties, torments, punishments and deaths,' I cannot but think of the days of the tyrannical and sacrilegious dissolution CORK CITY AND COUNTV. 29 cf our own once flourishing conventual establishments in Ireland — sanctuaries of piety, nurseries of learning, storehouses of charity for the poor — all plundered and prostrated in ruin. I think of the expelled and persecuted friars; and not to stray from the annals and traditions of our own Convent of St. Mary's in Cork, I think of many of the old Fathers of this house, who like the Prophets of old ¦ were put to death by the sword, they wandered about in sheep-skins and goat-skins, being in want, distressed, and afflicted, of whom this world was not worthy, wandering in deserts, in mountains and in dens and the caves of the earth.' "I think, for instance, of the great Irish martyr in the days of the Regicides, Father Richard Barry, of this city and Convent, who rather than stain the white habit of St. Dominic, which he had worn without a blemish from his youth, when offered life in exchange for one word of apostacy to his Church, or one deed of disloyalty to his country, suffered himself to be bound to a stake on the top of the Rock of Cashel and to be burned alive, and to writhe in the tortures of the fiery ordeal for two hours, until a sword pierced his side, and the gushing heart's-blood quenched the flames in which his soul was purified for heaven. I think of the eloquent preacher of Cork, in his days, Father Eneas Ambrose O'Cahill, who, when known to be a Friar of our Dominican Convent, was rushed on, though armless and unoffending, by a troop of ferocious and fanatical cavalry, and crushed under the hoofs of horses, and mangled to pieces with ruthless sabres, and butchered in the streets until his corpse rolled on the pavement a gory and mutilated trunk. I think of the pious and chivalrous Father Eustace Maguire, called by the historian a second Machabeas, who for eleven years defended against the assaults of the enemies of his country and creed the ancient castle of Dromagh, still standing near Kanturk. I think of the venerable Prior of our house. Father John Morrogh, who, when unable to escape the hot pursuit of the persecutor by a timely flight with many of his brethren across the seas, was seized and dragged into a felon's cell in the gaol of Cork, and 30 THE DOMINICANS OF there, after four years of merciless treatment, was delivered by death for the enjoyment of the confessor's crown in a better world. I think, in fine, of Father James Barrett, a man of noble birth in this country, who, to the honour of generous Protestants be it not untold or forgotten, was sheltered from the priest- hunters under the hospitable roof of an old Protestant friend, where he lay long concealed, unbetrayed and unnoticed, in the coarse frieze dress of a herdsman, seldom venturing abroad unless when under the covert of the night-darkness the good old gentleman, the pious priest of a suffering God, would go forth to visit the dying poor with the rites and consolation of their holy religion. Oh ! how can we forget such memories at a moment like this when the shadows of the historical past are mingling along the line of these foundations with the sunshine of the present and the still brighter prospects of the future. These men are not dead for us. In the renewed life to be introduced amongst us in this place we shall walk and be guided in the light of their example, our souls shall be enriched in the inheritance of their virtues — the richest patrimony they could leave to their descendants of the cloister. We shall be aided, in our approaching difficulties, by the efficacy of their intercession, for each of them rising in spirit before me from these newly-blessed foundations, as the apparition of Jeremiah the prophet came up before the High Priest Onias, seemeth in the passing vision, ' as a man admirable for age and glory, and environed with great beauty and majesty'; each is to us in the hour of coming regeneration for our altars and country as the prophet was to the priests and people of Israel, ' a lover of his brethren and of the people of Israel — one that prayeth much for the people, and for all the Holy City.' It is, I fear not to avow it openly, that the religious spirit of such old friars, and of many like them, whose bones lie buried and dishonoured under the vast unsightly modern ruins on Crosse's Green, once St. Mary's Isle, may be brought back and dwell amongst us, the inheritors of their profession and ministry — it is for this purpose that our present community has laid this day the foundations of a convent CORK CITV .VND COUNTY. 3 1 which is to arise amidst countless discouragements, ' in straitness of times,' such as those recorded in Holy Writ, when the second Temple was to be restored after the Captivity. No matter, we must not be discouraged in undertaking so arduous but so glorious a work. " Neither shall we curtail its proportions, or clip its beauty of design. The destination of a convent intended for Dominicans, whose profession as friars preachers embraces the seclusion and asceticism of the cloistered monk with the missionary zeal and cultivated talents of the apostolic priest, should be impressed on the very character and plan of its architecture-^that architecture shall be what is called Romanesque. It at once sufficiently harmonizes with the more classical Roman order prevalent in the adjoining temple ; and is, moreover — a consideration not to be overlooked — national, as it is but a revival of that more ancient than the Gothic style, which yet may be seen in many of our oldest ecclesiastical edifices built in the country, when Ireland was famed amongst the nations as 'the island of saints and scholars.' You may trace our design in the outline fore shadowed in the foundations just risen from the rock. Here, in this western end, are to be the great rooms for general use — the spacious library, so indispensable for priests, whose ministry requires assiduous study and extensive as well as profound learning ; there is to be the oratory, where the religious may retire betimes to pray, and at the canonical hours to recite together the divine office ; further is to be the chapter room, where the assembled brethren may be trained and perfected in the spirit and practice of their rules and constitutions by seasonable monition and mutual edification and encouragement ; and here, too, is to be the extensive schoolroom, once a neces sary portion of every Dominican convent, that was called a ' house of studies.' In the midst, projecting forward in that angle of the building, the abbey tower shall arise, with its glittering cross on the summit, to be hailed from afar by the homeward traveller and the devout pilgrim ; and in its highest story shall be the bell chamber whence shall issue forth thrice 32 THE DOMINICANS OF every day the sweet sounds ot the 'Angelus,' and the frequent summons for priests and people, to remind all of the approaching hour of sacrifice and prayer ; and there, too, shall be the muniment room for the archives of the Dominican Order in Ireland. In the eastern and main portion of the house you can already trace the cells of the friars of the convent ranged along the corridors, in beautiful but simple symmetry at either side, all of moderate size, but of exactly uniform proportions, thus showing forth in the very details of architectural arrangement ' how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity.' " Some of ray friends have asked, since we came on the ground, why is not your convent planned more like a commodious ordinary dwelling house ? why laid out on so large a scale ? why constructed with such massive masonry ? As I am now publicly addressing you all, I may, from this place, remind my enquiring or remonstrating friends that the founders of Catholic establishments, such as our projected convent, can never divest their minds of a belief in the promised immutability and visible splendour of their Church, and that the nearer our religious institutions approach, in the very durability of their materials and the beauty of their construction, to the imperish able and glorious type of religion itself, the more clearly and unmistakably we show forth the depth and solidity of our Catholic faith and earnestness. As long, therefore, as St. Mary's temple, which rests in its grandeur on the rock beneath our feet, shall withstand the shocks of future time, so enduring, I think, should be its indispensable appendage — the house now founded for the officiating ministry of its altars, confessionals, and pulpits. A religious house should not be modelled according to the narrowness and low level of our modern prejudices, but, as near as the altered circumstances of the age and country will permit, after the form of the ancient abbeys still so strong and beautiful even in the ruins which persecution rather than time effected. A religious house, while suited to the exigencies of the present, should be designed and laid down with reference to the probabilities of the future, though its progress towards CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 33 completion may be interrupted and retarded by unexpected casualties, and should be prudently regulated by the extent of actual and available resources. Catholicism in these countries is at present in a state of transition, not from civil persecution to political ascendancy, but from the most abject state of servi tude to the fullest liberty ; and may not time, therefore, develop at no distant period opportunities of increasing the number and efficiency of our present small and, considering the claims of religion upon us, inadequate conventual family ? A time, too may come — and sooner perhaps than is apprehended — when, on the suppression or decay of our collegiate establishments abroad, to which the penal laws of former times had exiled our students, the education of our young clergymen must be conducted by learned professors at home ; and, I ask, would not the citizens of Cork rejoice that St. Mary's church and convent and college should cluster, as the gems on a mural crown, upon the summit of this rock upon which we are now assembled ; aud, while gleaming on the sunny declivity of this hill, should be seen from the principal streets and bridges of this city, and from the whole circuit of its beautiful and far-famed environs. And though all the cells spread out on the general plan may not instantly be needed for the monastic and educational purposes I have just indicated, how desirable it would be that the pious and hard- worked priests of the mission, in this and the neighbouring dioceses, should have an opportunity presented in a religious house such as, with God's blessing, this shall be, to repose occasionally from the labours and distracting cares of parochial duties, and refresh and strengthen their toil-worn spirits in the delicious exercises of a spiritual retreat. And oh ! that all these cells were at this moment finished, how gladly, as Abraham received into his tent the angel visitors, would not the Dominicans of Cork throw wide the gates of their convent for as many as could be accommodated with hospitable shelter, to the ill-treated exiled sons of St. Ignatius who might reach our southern shores ! Welcomed should be the persecuted fathers of that illustrious order of missionaries and scholars, which, by special ordinance 3 34 THE DOMINICANS OF 'of our constitutions, we are bound to revere with singular honour, and to cherish with fraternal predilection. " But I must trespass no longer on the too considerate indulgence of my friends. Again, my lord, I thank your lordship for myself and for my brethren ; may the vows and suffrages of your people and clergy be heard for your long and peaceful life, and may all the desires with which your paternal heart is over flowing, for the instruction and sanctification of your numerous flock, be realised ; may we, your lordship's clergy, secular and regular, be, emulous only to do good, fellow-labourers for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ' ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ, but ever doing the truth in charity, that we may in all things grow up in Him who is the Head.' For the accomplishment of the work before us I have no fears. No doubt difficulties foreseen and unexpected shall be encountered, and with God's blessing shall also be overcome. True, large funds are required, but the whole building need not be finished at once ; it can be done in such parts as may be required, and as resources may be supplied. At worst, it is a work of time. The penny of the poor man will be as ungrudg ingly given as the sovereign of the richer neighbour. If the clergymen of our house had not given to the citizens of Cork, and generations yet to come, several hundreds of pounds, the joint contributions of their Order, towards the erection of St. Mary's Church, we should not be necessitated now to apply to the public for much assistance towards the building of St. Mary's Priory. On our parts, personally, it shall be a work of much toil and sacrifice, but yet sweet, because a labour of love, and hope, and regeneration. Why should we fear ? Is not St. Mary our patroness, and will she ' despise our petitions in our necessities ?' Is it not auspicious that our foundations are laid and blessed on the opening of the month of May, especially sacred to her devotion. Is it not God's work more than ours ? The same Providence which supplied the means for erecting the grand church will erect for us this humble convent, and in its own good time will accomplish the designs and aspirations for CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 35 the fulfilment of which we have this day, my Lord Bishop, invoked the episcopal blessing on this corner stone of the building. ' Unless the Lord build the house, they labour in vain who build it.' " At the beginning of this year Father John A. Ryan, above-mentioned, was elected prior of St. Mary's, his election being confirmed by the Provincial, Father Dunne. He resigned after a few months, and was immediately succeeded by the Rev. B. T. Russell, f'^) How well-deserved was this promotion can be fully understood when we remember that to Father Russell's zeal and untiring energy, aided by the faithful people of Cork and the Catholic laity of the United Kingdom, is almost wholly due the existence of St. Mary's church and priory. The brethren who formed the community at that time were : Very Rev. B. T. Russell, prior ; Very Rev. J. P. Leahy, sub-prior ; Very Rev. J. A. Ryan, S.T.M. ; Very Rev. J. O'Connor, S.T.M., and Rev. Aaron L. Roche. The annals of this house, published by Father Russell, and dating from the laying of the foundation stone, concludes with these significant words : " What God hath commenced, may He accomplish to the end." When we consider the time and circumstances under which the work was begun, we are surprised to find how successful was the result, as shown in the present residence, which though unassuming possesses much architectural beauty viewed in its various details. (18) April 17th, 1848. 36 THE DOMINICANS OF The building was commenced shortly after the famine of 1847, during which heart-rending crisis of our local history the priests of St. Mary's were amongst the foremost to alleviate the sufferings and attend to the spiritual wants of the people. Many instances might be quoted in which the prior and his brethren readily joined with their fellow-citizens in the grand work of charity, which, in such an appalling crisis, is incumbent on every man worthy the name of Christian. To this zeal and energy on the part of St. Mary's community is attributed in great measure the promptitude and willingness of the people of Cork, when disease and famine had passed away, in responding to the appeals made for funds to erect a suitable residence. The present priory is an enduring monument of their generosity, for rich and poor contributed most cheer fully to its construction. ('?' (19) We find by the annals of St. Mary's, that on the 12th May, 184B, the plot of ground adjoining Mulgrave Road, and measuring about 114 feet 5 inches, was purchased by the community from the Wide Street Commissioners for one hundred and fifty pounds, the names of the assignees being Francis Lyons, Danie Murphy, William Clery, Wilham B. Hacket, and John O'Connell. Five days after the deed of transfer (kept in the Deposit of St. Mary's) was duly registered in Dublin. For the remainder of the site of church and priory the Fathers have to pay an annual rent of over one hundred pounds, which sum is generously contributed each year by the citizens. chapter TU. Unexpected Ble$$ing$. For one thing only, Lord, dear Lord, I plead — Lead me aright ; Though strength should falter, and though heart should bleed, Through Peace to Light. I do not ask, Oh Lord, that thou shouldst shed Full radiance here ; Give but a ray of peace, that I may tread Without a fear. Adelaide A. Procter. I'N occurrence of great importance to the Dominicans of Cork took place on the 1 8th October, 1848. The bishop of the diocese, the Most Rev. Dr. Delany, ex amined and authenticated a number of Papal rescripts.(^°^ One of these refers to the body of St. Severus, martyr. His lordship, empowered by the Holy See, fixed for this saint's feast the nth December, on which was granted a plenary indulgence, applicable to the souls in purgatory. To Dr. Hynes, O.P., a native of this city, the brethren owe the privilege of having this sacred (zo) These rescripts, which are in possession of the community, are dated 19th November, 1841, 14th and 21st February, 1842, S. Congregation of Indul., Rome. 38 THE DOMINICANS OF relic. We are informed that his Eminence Cardinal Patrizi proceeded, by special order of Gregory XVI., to the cemetery of St. Agnes, in the Via Nomentana, and thence removed the body, which -was handed over to Dr. Hynes, with power to dispose of it according to his own discretion. Permission was likewise granted to expose it to public veneration. Though the phial of congealed blood, the palm branch, and other tokens of martyrdom are sometimes found in the Roman cemeteries with the bodies of the martyrs, their names are not always discovered. In such cases the Sovereign Pontiff gives a name by which these saints are honoured by the faithful, but there was no such want with regard to St. Severus, for besides the phial tinged with blood, was the inscription, " Sebero in Pace." He is, there fore, venerated under the name received at baptism. On arrival of the body at the Custom House, Dublin, the case in which it was enclosed was opened in pre sence of three members of the Dominican Order, as we see by the following attestation : — "We, the undersigned, testify that the case containing the body of St. Severus was opened in our presence to satisfy the officers of the Custom House that nothing was placed in or taken from it, and that it remained under our close inspection until it was closed with a red riband, and sealed in several places with the small seal of our Province. Dated this 24th day of June, 1842. Convent of St. Saviour's, Dublin. Br. William V. Harold, Provincial. Br. John Albert Ryan. Br. John P. Leahy." CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 39 When these precautions had been observed, the martyr's body was forwarded to its destination, and Dr. Hynes. placed under the side altar of St. Mary's, where it still remains.^^') (21) The rescript relative to the body of this saint bears date 14th February, 1842, is signed by his Eminence Cardinal Patrizi, 'V.-Gen. of the Pope, and countersigned by the Archbishop of iColossus, Vicegerent for the time being. 40 THE DOMINICANS OF The other rescripts authenticated by the bishop (namely, that for the privileged high altar of St. Mary's, Pope's Quay, plenary indulgence on the anniversary of the blessing of the Church, and on that of deceased benefactors) were likewise obtained from the Pope by Dr. Hynes, who shortly after at the request of the Prior of St. Mary's, purchased for the church the beau tiful picture ofthe "Ascension," which now adorns the sanctuary.^^'^) As I am quite sure that their perusal will be interesting to many of our readers, I here give the leading facts of this distinguished prelate's career. John Thomas Hynes received the Dominican habit at an early age in Lisbon, at the College of Corpo Santo. After some months he was removed to Rome, where by a special dispensation(^3' he made his solemn profession in the church of Santa Prassede, then in the hands of the Irish Dominicans. Being ordained priest at the termination of his studies, he returned to Cork, and was assigned to the convent in Dominic Street. Father Hynes was subsequently appointed Bishop of Zante and Cephalonia, and then transferred to Demerara. We are told that he governed these dioceses with the greatest prudence, and was most assiduous and zealous in preaching the Word of God. (22) When writing to the community relative to the above, Dr. Hynes made the following remark : — " Hogan and I had many consultations about your picture. This is the great Roman sculptor of the day, a Cork man, who did honour to his native country by the fame which he acquired in the city of artists." (23) Canon Law requires that the year's Novitiate should be passed uninterruptedly in the same house. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 41 Obliged through delicacy of health to relinquish the laborious duties of the Episcopal Office, he came back to his native country. He was accustomed at this time to spend some months of each year in the South of Europe. More than twenty years ago, when coming home, he was taken suddenly ill in Paris, where he died, fortified by all the consolations of religion. His remains were brought to Cork, and laid in St. Finbarr's cemetery. A beautiful monument marks the spot where he is buried. On the lOth May, 1849, John G. Galwey, of Shan don Street, on behalf of the Very Rev. John O'Connor and the other Dominican fathers, entered into an agreement with Mr. James W^illard, Pope's Quay, whereby the latter bound himself to construct a high altar of the form, dimensions, and material (Italian marble) of one executed by him and then in possession of the Rev. Father Daly, P.P., Kilmurry. This agree ment was signed and witnessed by John Morrogh. The altar, erected in due time, though not pretentious, was still beautiful in its simplicity.*"''*) It was after wards replaced by the present magnificent high altar designed by Mr. Goldie, of London, as were likewise the apse and baladchino erected at the same time. The former altar was subsequently removed to the church of St. Finbarr's West, built by the exertions of the late dean of Cork, the Right Rev. Monsignor Neville. (24) It was consecrated by the Right Rev. Dr. Delany on the loth June, 1851. 42 THE DOMINICANS OF About the middle of September of this year, the Rev. James Joseph Carbery, O.P., returned to Ireland from Rome, where he had recently completed his studies at the Dominican College of San Clemente. He was assigned to the house of his affiliation at Newbridge. The members of the Cork community, remarking how great was the spirit of zeal which animated this young priest, begged of the Provincial to attach him to St. Mary's. The request was acceded to, , and we soon find Father Carbery engaged in the active work of missionary life in Cork, where he became distinguished as a preacher. The Rev. John Thomas Willard, who in after years was so well known and loved by the people of Cork, returned to his native city towards the end of January of the following year, having completed his studies at the college of Corpo Santo, Lisbon, and was assigned to St. Mary's. Early in August, 1850, the Most Rev. Dr. Cullen, Primate of All Ireland, invited the Dominican Provin cial, the Very Rev. J. P. Leahy, to attend the National Synod which was to assemble on the 22nd in the Cathedral of Thurles. The profound learning and unaffected piety of this good priest was the subject of universal admiration at the Synod. An event of the utmost concern, and of beneficial results to the Dominicans, occurred during this year. His Holiness Pius IX., after his return from Gaeta, where he had been e.xiled for well nigh eighteen months, appointed as Vicar-General of the Order the Rev. Ale.xander Vincent Jandel. The new Superior was born CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 43 Father Jandel. in Champsey, in France, on the i8th July, 1810, and was ordained priest at Metz on the 20th September, 1834. Meeting Lacordaire some three years subsequently.'^s) (25) Father Jandel was then Superior of the Petit Seminaire of Pont-de-Mousson. 44 THE DOMINICANS OF the intellectual power of the great preacher made a deep impression upon him. He went to Rome in 1839, foi--the purpose of preaching the Lent at the church of San Luigi dei Francesi. At that time he had resolved to enter the Society of Jesus, but, acting on the advice of a priest of that Society, decided to become a Domi nican, and accordingly received the habit of the Friars Preachers on the 13th Ma}', 1841, in the convent of La Quercia,(=^> from the hands of the Most Rev. Father Ancarani, then General of the Order. The year pre vious Lacordaire had made his solemn profession on the same sacred spot. The appointment of Father Jandel as Vicar-General was not in accordance with what is prescribed by the Constitutions of the Order, as a General Chapter should have been summoned for the purpose ; but in the disturbed state of society, especially in Rome, it would not have been prudent for those entitled to vote to assemble in a body from the different provinces. Therefore the Holy Father, in the exercise of his supreme power, deemed it right to provide a head and pastor for this portion of Christ's flock, though he did not decide this important matter without having first consulted, through the Most Rev. Father Buttaoni, master of the Sacred Palace, Father Palmeggiani, under whose care the Rev. A. Jandel had made his novitiate. The choice of a Superior who had worn the Dominican habit for onlj' ten years caused some surprise amongst the members of the Order ; but (26) This means "The Oak." It is a sanctuary of the Madonna near Viterbo. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 45 very soon was seen the wisdom of the selection, for Father Jandel by his learning and piety proved that it was the hand of God that marked him out for the position to which he was une.\;pectedly raised. On account of the disturbed state of the times, and oft-recurring epidemics, some relaxation had crept into the Order ; but that its members were still animated by the spirit of their founder was evident by the ready acquiescence with which they followed the advice of their saintly Vicar-General, who impressed upon them the necessit}' of the faithful observance of their rules. The Irish brethren, ever ready to listen not only to the commands but even to the wishes of their supe riors, were amongst the first to submit to the directions which emanated from his wisdom and prudence. The members of the Cork community showed not the least hesitation in adopting every suggestion, and quite regardless of any sacrifice which such submission entailed they considered only their spiritual interests and those of the people frequenting their church. The priorship of St. Mary's becoming vacant on the 17th April, 1 85 1, the Rev. B. T. Russell was again ichosen Superior. His election \\as willingly sanctioned by the Provincial. On the 20th July the Very Rev. Robert Augustine White made a visitation to St. Mary's, and in his report passed high eulogium on the fathers for their zeal and " regular observance," which, under the circumstances was singularly in accordance with the aspirations and wishes of their Vicar-General. Some few weeks subsequently the latter came in person 46 THE DOMINICANS OF to visit the community, still living in Dominick Street. His advent in Ireland was an honour which, according to the annalist' of St. Mary's, had never since the time of St. Dominic been conferred on the Hibemia Dominicana; and his account, as recorded in the books of the Cork Convent, quite coincides with the views previously expressed by his Visitor-General. Father Jandel, who on this occasion was accompanied by Father White and Dr. Griffiths, O.P., bishop of the Cape of Good Hope, was waited on b}' Dr. Delany and other distinguished persons of the cit}'. In his tour through England and Ireland he was shown the greatest reverence, though some ecclesiastical digni taries did not approve of his wearing the habit in public when passing through these countries. In the following month Mr. James Roche, who was truly called the *' Roscoe " of our cit}^, because of his \'ast literary attainments, wrote the following letter to Father Russell. As it refers to his admirable essays just then published, I consider its insertion here desirable.<=7) "National Bank of Ireland, Rev. Dear Sir, Cork, 27th August, 185 1. You will please to accept from me for your community a copy of the Essays, of which, as the impression was very limited, not more than ten now remain unappropriated. Should you find leisure to look over them, pray indulgently recollect the writer's very many years, and very discordant general demand on his time. Some of them you probably have already seen, but here (27) These essays by Mr. Roche are to be found in the Cork Library, also in that of St. Mary's. CORK CITY AND COUNTV. 47 they are all considerably enlarged and corrected. The press compositor's constant sickness has caused many errors still apparent, though marked for amendment in the proofs on every occasion by me, through the stupidity of the under-workmen, and sometimes, too, from their assuming a right to alter what they deemed wrong. Thus, Campbell's Kne in the Pleasures of Hope, 'Like angels' visits, few and far between,' was by these mercenary gentlemen ascribed to Moore's Lalla Rookh, which like blunders did not reach me until too late to correct. Believe me. Rev. Dear Sir, Yours most respectfully, James Roche." A second letter from Mr. Roche to Father Russell (who had sent him a cop}- of his abridged Annals of St. Mary's of the Isle, with an account of the new Priory) contained the subjoined interesting informa tion : — "I have read with pleasure the Account of the New Dominican Convent, etc., which you were so good as to present me. I per fectly recollect Dr. Nugent, who in 1784 or 5 accompanied the late Standish Barry, of Leamlara, to France, and remained with him for about a year at Nancy, in Lorraine. I do well remember seeing Father John Sheehan at Louvain in 1793, when the late Joseph Oliffe, the bishop's(28) father, was a student there. It was there that my brother Richard of your Order said his first Mass, 17th March, St. Patrick's Day, 1778. He had declined the offer of an uncle, then one of the first merchants in Rotterdam, to make him his partner and heir, a sacrifice of forty thousand pounds thus perfected, rather than abandon his vocation. This large sum afterwards devolved to the family in general, my uncle Shaving died intestate.'X^s) (2S) Dr. Oliffe, o.P., of Madras, is the prelate here alluded to. (29) The originals of these letters are kept in the deposit of :St. Mary's. 48 THE DOMINICANS OF On the 22nd October, 1851, the Very Rev. R. A. White sent to the Dominican communities of Ireland a memorable document, dated from St. Saviour's, Dublin, in which he laid down certain ordinances in accordance with the missionary state of the country, and suitable to the number of priests considerably reduced by religious persecutions. In January of the following year the Rev. B. H. Power^s"' was affiliated to St. Mary's. He was a young priest of rare culture and intelligence, being remarkable for his musical and literary abilities. About this time the prior wrote to Dr. Newman to express his sympathy with the distinguished Oratorian on the occasion of the well-known action brought against him by the infamous apostate Achilli. He received the following reply : — "Oratory, Birmingham, Jan. 17th, 1852. My Dear Father, Your kind and satisfactory letter came to-day, and I am obliged to you for it. It is a great consolation to me to hear of your good prayers for me. I know the value of them, and feel very grateful. Good will come of it if I am so supported. Achilli has just shown the white feather, though it involves a very anxious crisis. He is attempting to hinder me from bringing any witness to court, by going off on some technical objection. Yours, my dear Father Russell, Very truly in Christ, John H. Newman, of the Oratory." (3°) A nephew of the Very Rev. B. T. Russell, o.p., and edu cated at Corpo Santo, Lisbon. CORK CITV AND COUNTY. 49 On the 5th of the following month Father Russell went to St. Saviour's, Dublin, to replace the Rev. Augustine White, prior, \\ho, having been appointed assistant to the General of the Order, was obliged to take up his abode pro tern, in the Hospice of the Minerva, the official residence of the General. On the da}- of Father Russell's dejDarture, a meeting of the community was held to consider a proposal made by a committee of the butter merchants of the cit}- for the purchase of the old house in Dominick Street. The Priory, Pope's Quay, ^\•as then nearly finished, and the committee being desirous of building a market on the site. Father Russell agreed to transfer the interest for a certain monetary consideration. (31) On the 3rd June, 1852, the Dominicans took posses sion of their new home, and as Father Russell's desire was that those who aided him should never be forgotten by the community he instituted the custom of offering the twelve o'clock Mass every Sunday of the year for the welfare of all benefactors, living and dead. At a chapter held in the College of Newbridge on the 3rd of the following month, the Rev. B. T. Russell was elected Provincial. With the least possible delay the Cork community assembled and unanimously chose fji) This money was expended in liquidating the debt on the Priory. The plot of ground formerly called the Strand, fronting Pope's Quay, containing about seventy-five feet, then in the tenancy of the Rev. B. T. Russell and Rev. J. Leahy, was : granted to the former by the Commissioners of the Encumbered Estates Court, Mountifort Longfield and Charles James Har- jgrave, on the 24th March, 1852. The deed, which was duly I signed in Dublin, is kept in the deposit of St. Mary's. 50 THE DOMINICANS OF the Rev. J. P. Leahy, S.T.M., (3=> as prior. Some days previously the brethren received from the Vicar- General a circular letter relating to the important subject of the studies ofthe Order. He informed them that the Pope had appointed a special commission to prescribe rules for Dominican studies suitable to the necessities of the present time. " In order," he says, " to meet the objections of the adversaries of religion, we must not only have a thorough knowledge of the teaching of St. Thomas, our trusted leader, whose principles — philosophical and theological — we are by a happy necessity bound to follow, but we must likewise be grounded in the admitted experiments of modern science, as otherwise we should be like soldiers, who in the days of gunpowder invention have recourse only to the shield and arrow to repel the attack of the invader. Again, before studying the ' Summa,' we should strive to become well versed in controversy especially in matters in which the infidelity of our own times endeavours to mislead and contradict the prin ciples of true religion and morality. The Holy Scriptures and ecclesiastical history should be the subjects of our anxious application, and in order to succeed in acquiring a proper understanding of the former, we should study the Hebrew and Greek languages.'' Meanwhile, to show the necessity of the greatest care in the selection of books, and in confir mation of his wisdom in prohibiting students to read (.12) Ex-Provincial. CORK CITY AND C(JUNT\'. 51 a certain class of works, Father Jandel quotes the inspired words of St. Paul — " See that no one be deceived by philosophy or foolish falsehood according to the tradition of men, according to the elements of the world, and not according to Christ." The Vicar- General, \\'ho like St. Dominic was enthusiastic about the grand teaching of St. Paul, closes his letter with the words of the Apostle to Timothy — " Keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding the profane novelties of words. . . attend unto reading, to exhortation, and to doctrine. . . . meditate upon these things, that thy profiting may be manifest to all" — ISt Epistle, chapters iv. and vi. (33^ (33) The resolutions approved of by the Papal Commission, and mentioned in this circular, were incorporated in the consti tutions of the Order, and are to be found in the new edition, page 537, No. 1061, and following. Chapter U. JT Succession of 3ov$ and Sorrows. He who sent them fishing is with them still, And He bids them cast their net; And He has the power their boat to fill. So we know He will do it yet. Though the storm is loud, and our voice is drowned, By the roar of the wind and sea ; We know that more terrible tempests found Their Ruler, O Lord, in Thee. Adelaide A. Procter. N the 29th Ma}', 1852, the Rev. John Albert Ryan, S.T.M., was called to his reward, in the se\'enty-eighth year of his age. The bishop, Dr. Delany, officiated at the funeral obsequies, assisted b}- the Right Rev. Dr. Hughes, O.S.F., Vicar Apostolic of Gibraltar, and a large number of the local clergy. His remains were laid in the cemetery attached to the church. Father Ryan's career was varied and distinguished. As early as the year 1810, he delivered, in the South Parish Church, the funeral oration of the Right Rev. Florence McCarthy, coadjutor in the See of Cork. This dis course was afterwards published in pamphlet form, proving thereby that even then his eloquence was of no mean order. For some }-ears Fathers Ryan CORK CITY AND COUNTY. S3 and Harold (a fellow Dominican, and subsequently Provincial of Ireland) conducted a boarding school at Bloomfield, in the neighbourhood of Dublin. M Rev. John Albert Ryan, s.t.m. Amongst its distinguished pupils was John Pius Leahy, late bishop of Dromore. In the year 1815 an important historic event took (34) This school was closed in the year 1815, 54 THE DOMINICANS OF place in the old Townsend Street Chapel, Dublin. Five bishops were consecrated at the same time, and Father Ryan, whose fame as a pulpit orator had spread throughout Ireland, was invited to preach. In address ing the newly-consecrated prelates, he advised them against being swayed by the voice of the people where faith and morals were concerned, but rather to be to their respective flocks prudent leaders of thought, in order to guard them against the quicksands into which political bias and opinions might lead them. Some years afterwards. Father Ryan was appointed rector of the Dominican college of Corpo Santo, Lisbon, (3s) but soon after, at the request of the Propaganda, he undertook a mission to Philadelphia. Having been successful, he returned to Cork in the year 1829 or '30, and six years subsequently^ss) -was appointed visitor- general of the convent of St. Catherine of Sienna, in Drogheda — a proof of the esteem in which he was held by the authorities of the Order. Fie died, as already mentioned, in 1852. On the 20th October of this year, a meeting of the young men of Cork Avas convened by Father J. P. Leahy in one of the long rooms attached to the church. He invited those assembled to inaugurate in their city a branch of the Young Men's Society founded in Limerick by Dean O'Brien. After five or six weeks, (35) The patents for this appointment were dated 21st Febru ary, 1822, and were sent on the part of the General by the Rev. Joseph Velzi, then Procurator General, and subsequently Cardinal. (36) January i8th, 1836. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 55 during which similar meetings were frequentl}- held. Father Leahy had the happiness of seeing this admir able society established in Cork. About the month of September, 1854, a provincial synod of Leinster was held in the pro-cathedral, Dublin. The archbishop. Dr. Cullen, who presided, announced that he had received a communication from the Pope, through the Cardinal Prefect of Pro paganda, directing him to make known to those assembled his desire that the old religious orders be invited to give missions throughout the country. The provincial. Father Russell, who was present, cheerfully acceded to the request, saying that he and his brethren would willingly undertake such missionary work, as they considered it within the sphere of action of the Friars Preachers. The bishop of Kerry, Dr. Moriarty, A\'ho had always entertained a personal regard for the order, immediately invited the Dominicans to give a mission in Tralee, which was most successful. On the 8th of the same month Father Leahy was appointed coadjutor bishop of Dromore. He wrote from Dublin to the sub-prior of St. Mary's, announcing with regret his resignation of the priorship, because it was the first step towards separating himself from his brethren. His consecration took place in the church. Pope's Quay, on Rosary Sunday, October ist. The primate. Dr. Dixon, officiated, assisted by Dr. Delany and Dr. Kilduff, bishop of Ardagh. There were likewise present the Archbishop of Dublin, and the Bishops of Cloyne, Kerry, and Raphoe, as well as 56 THE DOMINICANS OF many priests from various dioceses in Ireland. After the consecration, the high sheriff" and other Catholics of the city presented the new bishop with an address expressive of their profound esteem, accompanied with a rich service of altar-plate and a purse contain ing three hundred sovereigns. On the following day he received from the Young Men's Society, and others frequenting the Dominican Church, similar addresses of congratulation, as well as valuable presents. Dr. Leahy was subsequently entertained at a banquet given at the Mansion House by the bishop and priests, who also presented an address, to which amongst other signatures is attached that of Father Mathew.fs') Being very beautiful both in style and sentiment, it is here subjoined. "to the right reverend JOHN PIUS LEAHY, D.D., BISHOP OF AULON, and coadjutor BISHOP OF DROMORE. My Lord, We, the clergy of this city and diocese, cannot allow this occasion of your elevation to the Episcopacy to pass without expressing our deep feeling of regret at the prospect of your departure from amongst us, as well as of the love and venera tion that we entertain for your exalted character. During your mission of twenty years amongst us, the many opportunities we have enjoyed of appreciating your rare endow ments have served only to endear you the more affectionately to the heart of every one amongst us. We have admired the fervour and emotion of that eloquence with which you preached God's Word in the pulpit ; we have profited by the profound and varied erudition which you have uniformly displayed in our hall (37) The original is preserved in St. Mary's Priory. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 57 of conference. In the moments of social intercourse you have attracted our regards by the unaffected gentleness and elegance ot your demeanour. The engaging sweetness of your manner has encouraged us often to seek your counsel, and our con fidence has been amply repaid by the soundness and wisdom of your advice. In the virtues that should adorn the priestly character you have ever been to us an example and a model. It is, therefore, my lord, with feelings of no ordinary regret that we contemplate our approaching separation. The illustrious Order of Preachers, which was the ambition of your young heart and the choice of your ripened judgment, is graced by its chain of hallowed recollections in this your native city, as well as throughout the Church at large. Many of our holiest and distinguished predecessors in the ministry, who devoted themselves to the salvation of God's people — when the name of priest or friar was enough to bring peril or death, to immure them in the dungeon, or conduct them to the scaffold — were the children of St. Dominic. Many of the brightest orna ments of religion, whose memory will be ever enshrined in the hearts of the people, were members of the Order to which you belong. You have not fallen away from the virtues of your fathers in religion, and have proved yourself worthy of the name and habit you bear. What your own modesty would neither recognise or acknowledge has been now emphatically pro claimed in your selection, by the highest authority in God's church, for the august dignity of the episcopal office to which you have just been raised. We know full well, my lord, that the language of eulogy is distasteful to your good sense, and unwelcome to your ears. Your humility has ever sensitively shrunk from the faintest whisper of approbation or applause ; you have been content to labour unobtrusively for God alone. But on this occasion, the eve of your departure, you will pardon our lingering with a fond remembrance on the noble and endearing traits of a character that we have so long and so deservedly revered. We hoped that for many a year to come it would be your lot, as it would be out delight, that you should 58 THE DOMINICANS OF continue to labour with us ; but as God has ordained it other wise, you have our warmest wishes and prayers for your future welfare. No length of time, no distance of place, shall sever the ties that bind us ; and you will still permit us to claim you as a father and a friend. We derive some degree of consolation on your departure, from our conviction that your future career will be one of honour and of usefulness, that you will be an ornament to that venerable and glorious Hierarchy of Ireland to which you have been associated, and that your ministry, which we pray may be prolonged for many years, will be a source of happiness and blessing to the favoured flock that has been committed to your care : — Michael O'Sullivan, v.g. Dominic Murphy, v.g., p.p., St. Finbarr's. Edmond Hogan, Provi. o.s.f. Jeremiah O'Brien, p.p. George Sheehan, v.f. John F. Falvey, p.p., Glanmire and Dunbullogue. James O'Sullivan, p.p., Blackrock. Denis F. Macleod, o.m.c. Patrick Riordan, r.c.v. Patrick A. Lyons, o.s.a. Augustine Maguire, r.c.c. James B. Daly, p.p., Kilmurry, Theobald Mathew. John Jas. Murphy, Pres. SS. Peter et Paul. William Cunningham, r.c.c. Charles O'Connell, r.c.c. John Holland, p.p., Passage, George Brennan, r.c.c. Timothy O'Sullivan, r.c.c. Timothy O'Donovan, p.p., Desertserges. Denis MacSwiney, r.c.c. Denis Mahony, r.c.c. John Wall, p.p., Watergrasshill. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 59 Patrick Murphy, cc. Patrick O'Flynn, r.c.c. Christopher Freeman, r.c.c. Lower Glanmire. Daniel Foott, o.s.a. Patrick Begley, r.c.c, St. Finbarr's. Eugene Cullen, o.c.c. Charles Browne, o.s.f. Denis O'Donohue, r.c.c J. Barry. Jeremiah O'Connell, cc John Keleher, p.p., v.f., Kinsale. John Browne, r.c.c. Samuel Lucey, p.p., Lower Glanmire. James J. O'Reardon, Provincial Capuchins. John McNamara, r.c.c John J. Crowe, cc William O'Sullivan, r.c. Vicar. Patrick Moran, o.s.a. Maurice Walsh, p.p., Ovens. Thomas Walsh, r.c.c. Walter Murphy, o.s.f. Thomas O'Brien, o.s.f. John P. Clancy, r.c.c Daniel Horgan, p.p. Lawrence Gillooly, cm. George A. Hely, o.s.a. A grammar school was established about this time in St. Mary's for the education of postulants for the order, but was afterwards discontinued, the priory being made into a house of studies for those who were professed.(38) The school, however, produced excellent (38) Father Bonello, a Maltese Dominican, was appointed Pro fessor of Philosophy. 6o TPIE DOMINICANS OF fruits, as four of the pupils joined the order — the present bishop of Cork, and the ex-provincial. Very Rev. Father Condon, being of the number. John Windele, son of the celebrated Cork archaeologist, likewise attended this school. He possessed many brilliant qualities, which augured well for his future career, but died ere his hopes could be realized. The following letter shows the special and affec tionate regard which the General of the Order entertained for the community of St. Mary's. " Rome, \oth Februaty, 1855. To the Very Rev. Prior and Rev. Fathers of the Convent, Cork. My Dear Rev. Fathers, Divine Providence has honoured your convent in a special manner, by calling, within the lapse of three years, one of its members to the government of the Province of Ireland, (39) and another to the sublime dignity of the Episcopate. The honour conferred on these two religious is a just recompense of their merit and zeal, and shows the high esteem in which your con vent is held, whilst imposing upon you great obligations. It is your duty to sustain this reputation, and, by your devotion and generosity, to correspond to the call of God, to the desires of the Church, and to the favours already received. Dr. Leahy and the Very Rev. Father Provincial have laboured strenuously in the erection of your convent. Consumed with the desire of re-establishing strict discipline, they have, by the choice of a convenient site, and the laying down of appropriate foundations, neglected nothing that might facilitate its accom plishment. When, four years ago, I had the pleasure of visiting (39) Father Russell, who was elected Provincial July 3rd, 1852. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 6l you, the house in Cork was the only one in Ireland which combined the form of a convent and monastic building. Now that you enjoy the results of these labours, you should strive to inherit the spirit which has inspired them, and to reahse the object for which they were intended. I have too much confi dence in your good will not to be persuaded that you will receive with joy this fatherly invitation, and that you will forthwith put it into practice by establishing in your community common life and observance. Your convent will thus become a model, and can, if necessary, be chosen as a Noviciate or House of Studies. It will especially encourage the young people who are at present being trained here in "regular observance," and who, on return ing to their native country, will undoubtedly persevere in the same course. If, owing to the small number of Religious and the multi plicity of your occupations, certain points of "observance" seem to you impossible, you have only to let me know, and I shall readily dispense you according to your necessity, and with the concurrence of the Provincial, until circumstances render them practicable, for I have no desire to impose on you an insupportable burden. I therefore appeal to your good-will, upon which I count, and in which I shall not be disappointed, and beg of our Lord to bless you. I also ask the assistance of your prayers for me and for the Order. Br. a. V. Jandel." The Rev. Thomas R. Hyland^t'"' was, with four others, solemnly professed on the nth February, 1855, in St. Mary's, Tallaght; Father Burke, who was then Master of Novices, presented them to the Provincial, who received their vows. (40) Subsequently chronicler of the Cork house, and later on coadjutor bishop of Trinidad. 62 THE DOMINICANS OF On the 3rd October, 1857, the Rev. Bartholomew Power, O.P., in St. Mary's Church was inaugurated on the 30th May, 1880, the opening sermon being preached by the Most Rev. Dr. Fitzgerald, bishop of Ross, who made an eloquent appeal to his audience to aid in liquidating the debt 'y£'^oo), most of which was realized by the members of the Confraternity of St. Thomas Aquinas, which is appropriately called the " Angelic Warfare." On its base are inscribed the following words in gilt letters: — " In honour of St. Thomas of x^quin, their holy patron, this pulpit was erected by the exertions of the young men ofthe Sodality ofthe ' Angelic Warfare,' 1880." Just a month after this ceremony, the priorship of St. Mary's being vacant, the Very Rev. Father Carbery, ex-provincial, was elected to the office. He was (52) It was designed according to the Italian renaissance, a style which prevailed in Italy during the fourteenth and two succeeding centuries. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 77 universally greeted on his return to Cork, as he was much beloved by all classes whilst previously living in the city. Most Rev. Dr. Carbery, o.p. {Late Bishop o/I-Iajnilton, Canada^i This position he retained about two months, when he was summoned to Rome by the General, who appointed him his assistant. After three years resi dence in the Eternal City he was raised to the 78 THE DOMINICANS OF episcopal See of Hamilton, in Canada. Though he presided only four years over this diocese, he promoted in a wonderful manner the spread of religion and piety. No wonder then that he is affectionately remembered by the people whose spiritual interests he so well guarded. Dr. Carbery came to Cork towards the close of the year 1887 with the intention of visiting Rome on the occasion of the Papal Jubilee, but his health, already impaired, became gradually weaker, and he peacefully passed away on the 19th December of the same year. After office and high mass at St. Mary's his remains were transferred to Limerick, and laid under St. Saviour's Church, in the vault built according to his own design. The following sketch of his life will, I doubt not, be of interest to those who were acquainted with the deceased. He was born in Westmeath in .1822, and made his preparatory studies in the seminary of Navan. When nineteen years of age he went to Rome, and entered the Dominican Order. Having completed his studies at San Clemente, he was ordained priest and returned to Ireland. The first sphere of his labours was St. Mary's, Pope's Quay, where, for over ten years, he exercised the duties of his sacred ministry. At the time of his death one of the local papers observed : — " Though many years have passed since he lived among the people of Cork, the memory of Father Carbery is still fresh in the minds of those who knew him, and the kindly demeanour and kindlier actions of the young Dominican are still cherished and fondl}^ remembered." CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 79 Recognising his great worth, the Provincial ap pointed him prior of St. Saviour's, Limerick, where, as in Cork, he produced a lasting impression on the hearts of all with whom he came in contact. Young men especially were the objects of his untiring zeal, and there are many who ascribe to him their success, both in spiritual and temporal afi'airs. After some years he was elected Provincial. Then, as already stated, he became assistant to the General, and subsequently Bishop of Hamilton. More than a passing notice in this account of the Dominicans is due to the Rev. Thomas Burke, who, though not a native of Cork, willingly identified himself with the work of his brethren at St. Mary's. He felt quite at home with the people and their priests, and whenever invited to preach amongst them re sponded, as he often remarked, '' with real pleasure." He was ever ready to aid them not merely in saving their souls, but in building their churches and schools, as well as providing for those in need of temporal assistance. He was born in Galway on the 8th of September, 1830, and at an early age attended a school conducted by Dr. O'Toole in his native city. Then, as afterwards, he was remarkable for great wit and an exuberance of mirth. When seventeen years old he entered the Dominican Order in Italy, making his solemn pro fession in Perugia on the 5th January, 1849. He subsequently received minor orders from the present Pope, then bishop of that diocese. After three years' 8o THE DOMINICANS OF course of studies at the College of Minerva, Rome, he was deputed by Father Jandel to orgaize the Novitiate for the English province in Woodchester, Gloucester shire. On Holy Saturday, 1853, after his arrival, he was ordained priest by the Right Rev. Dr. Burgess. He was sent to Tallaght in 1855 to superintend the Irish Novitiate, which had then been opened. This position he held for twelve years, when he was appointed prior of Saint Clements, Rome. Returning to Ireland in 1869 he was assigned to St. Saviour's, Dublin, and in 1872 chosen to be visitor-general to the Dotninicans of America. Meanwhile his reputa tion as a preacher had spread, and in the United States he found a wide field for his eloquence. His victorious defence of Ireland's rights against the unjust attacks of James Anthony Froude, the unreliable English historian, caused the defamer to retire ignominiously. Father Burke preached so successfully in America that the monetary results in connection with objects of religion and charity amounted to seventy or eighty thousand pounds. Notwithstanding the excitement and success of this tour, that yearning to return home — so common to Irishmen when far from their own country — took possession of him, and he was frequently heard to say, " I am obliged to admit I feel a little lonely." His return to Ireland was the subject of an enthusiastic welcome. Priests and people joined in presenting him with an address on his arrival at Queenstown. After visiting Galway, his native cit}-, CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 8l he went to Tallaght, and when called out to preach throughout the country spared neither his physical or intellectual powers, but ever spent them ungrudgingly Rev. Thomas Burke, o.p. in his Master's cause. He frequently declined epis copal and other ecclesiastical dignities, as he felt that his special calling was preaching the Word of God. Cardinal Cullen once proposed, to get him appointed to a See in Canada, but Father Burke immediately 6 82 THE DOMINICANS OF manifested his sorrow in the following words : " Your Eminence, I don't know how I can have offended you that you should seek to humiliate me in this fashion. You would like me to go to Canada, to that wild, barbarous region, where I'll surely be frozen or starved to death before six months are over my head ? Oh ! your Eminence, think better of it and let me off" this time." Suffice it to say the proposal was not repeated. He was also offered the bishopric of Galway, but to the personal knowledge of the writer, declined the honour, his dearest wish being to live and die a Friar Preacher. When therefore his precious life was cut short at the early age of fifty-three, a thrill of sorrow was aroused amongst the people of Cork. He died at Tallaght, county Dublin, on the 2nd July, 1883. Eight days previously had he risen from his bed in order to plead the cause of the starving peasantry of Donegal, and he said to those assembled on the occasion : " Three times I took up my pen to say that I could not come to-day, and each time it fell from my hand as I heard the cry of the famished ones asking for bread." After the sermon (53) he returned to Tallaght exhausted and agonizing, and never preached more. His remains were laid in the cemetery of the convent, but were afterwards removed to a mortuary chapel in the memorial church built as a reminder of what he has done for " faith and fatherland." (53) Preached in the Church of St. Francis Xavier, Gardiner street, Dublin, on Sunday, June 24th. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 83 Thus ended the career of one of our greatest Dominicans, who never swerved from the path he had ichosen until called by his Divine Pilaster to his well- 'Carned reward. On account of his intimate connection with the Dominicans of Ireland, and especially those of Cork, I would ask my readers to dwell with me awhile on the distinguished career of our present bishop, the Most Rev. Dr. O'Callaghan. The South Parish claims to be his birthplace. He was bom in 1839, and at an early age vvas placed under the care of the Christian Brothers of the North Monastery. Here were instilled into his mind not only the principles of piety but likewise those of profane learning, for which he manifested great aptitude. He afterwards attended a school at Sunday's Well, conducted by Mr. D. O'Connor, then received lessons in the classics from Mr. O'Sullivan, South Mall, from whence he passed to the grammar school of St. Mary's Prior}?-. In 1857 he entered the noviciate at Tallaght, the Rev. Father Burke being then master of the novices. Having made his profession, he studied philosophy under the same gifted teacher, and then left for San Clemente, Rome. He attended the theological lectures delivered by a Dominican at the college of the Minerva, and was elevated to the priesthood in 1 864. Returning to Ireland after twelve months he was assigned to the convent of Tallaght, where for six years he was employed in teaching. He then was sent to Cork, and contracted the smallpox, which raged in the city, in 84 THE DOMINICANS OF 1872, but after a long illness regained his usual health and vigour. In the following year he was appointed prior of the West Convent, which is situated in Claddagh, a poor though romantic spot in Galway. This position he held scarcely twelve months when he became superior of St. Catherine's, Newry. After five years he went to Rome, where the students of San Clemente were placed under his care. The Rev. Father Mullooly dying about this time, Father O'Callaghan succeeded him as prior of the Irish Dominican CoUege.^^-t) This position he occupied for some years, when in June, 1884, he was appointed coadjutor-bishop of Cork. His consecration took place on the Feast of SS. Peter and Paul, in the Church of San Clemente, which was splendidly decorated for the occasion. Cardinal Simeoni, pre fect of the Propaganda, was celebrant, assisted by Monsignor Salua, O.P., commissary of the Hoi}- In quisition, and Dr. Kirby of the Irish College. Dr. O'Callaghan arrived in Cork on the 2nd August, and was enthusiastically received by the people. After the death of Dr. Delany, one of the most eminent bishops of this century. Dr. O'Callaghan, by right of succession, took possession of the diocese. In order to give some idea of what he has done since then, it is merely necessary to quote the words of the Irish Catholic oi the 8th September, 1888 : — "To speak in (54) Father Mullooly was deservedly considered a most distin guished antiquarian. He discovered the ancient (now the subterranean) Church of San Clemente. CORK CITY AND COUNTV. 85 Most Rev. Dr. O'Callaghan, o.p. {Bishop of Cork.') 86 THE DOMINICANS OF detail of Dr. O'Callaghan's services to the Church since he has been raised to the episcopate would be impossible within the limits at our disposal, but it is no exaggeration to say that his lordship has displayed, in the great Sphere of duty to which he h^s been called, those characteristic virtues of humility, devotion, and self-abnegation, as vvell as of firmness, in every righteous cause, which have always rendered him the beloved of his brethren in religion, and the esteemed and revered friend of those beneath his sway." May God prolong his life to continue the glorious work in which he is engaged — ad multcs annos. About three months after Dr. O'Callaghan's con secration, the Most Rev. Dr. Hyland closed his earthly career. As my readers may remember he was especially connected with St. Mary's. His death occurred at Trinidad, at the early age of forty-seven, but though his life was short it was full of merit and good works. He was born in Dublin in 1837, of a pious family, four members of which entered the religious state.(53) The deceased prelate joined the Dominican Order in 1856, and, like the bishop of Cork, made his noviciate at Tallaght, under the care of Father Burke. Having been professed, he went to Rome to complete his studies, to which he applied himself with assiduity and marked success. In 1861 he was raised to the priesthood, and returning to (55) His brother, the Very Rev. Clement Hyland, o.s.F., was guardian of the convent of his Order at the time of the bishop's death, and two sisters had become " Poor Clares." CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 87 Ireland in the following year, was assigned to Hoi}- Cross Abbey, Tralee, whence after twelve months he came to Cork. There are still in our city so many Most Rev. Dr. Hyland, o.p. {Late Coadjutoy-BisJwp 0/ Port 0/ Spain.) friends by whom he is remembered that it is unneces sary to dwell at length on the qualities which distin guished Father Hyland. His zeal, eloquence, and 88 THE DOMINICANS OF self-sacrifice in the exercise of his sacred office are proverbial. During his stay in Cork he not only worked for the welfare ofthe people, but was likewise employed in teaching the students of St. Mary's, and meanwhile archivist of the convent.^s^' The fruits of his energy in this interesting sphere have been such as to considerably lighten the labours necessarily entailed on the writer of this historical account. For eighteen years Father Hyland thus devoted himself to the interests of religion, and was then deservedly promoted to the priorship of Tralee. Two years subsequently he was appointed coadjutor of the Most Rev. Dr. Gonin, O.P., archbishop of Trinidad. His consecration took place in the church of San Clemente, Rome, on the 30th April, i882,(-='7) the celebrant being his Eminence Cardinal McCabe, the late archbishop of Dublin. He then went without delay to Port of Spain, where he literally wore himself out in the service of his Divine Master, and after two years died from the effects of a virulent climatic fever, his constitution, already enfeebled, being unable to cope with the disease. May his memory be cherished, and may his noble example ever live in the minds of his brethren and his numerous friends. At the close of the visitation in June, 1885, the Very Rev. J. T. Towers, provincial, made the following observations : — " Since the last visitation the province, (36) The writer succeeded to this office in November, 1890. (;7) The title assumed by him vvas that of Bishop of " Evrea. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 89 and this house in particular, ha\ e had to lament the death of the Very Rev. Father Willard. The greater part of his hoi}- life was spent in St. Mary's, of which he was a son. Here he edified his brethren by his sanctity, zeal, and self-sacrifice. Stricken down in the prime of life by a painful malady, he bore his trial with patience and resignation, so that when summoned hence his death was like his life, " precious in the sight of the Lord."(-') His sterling qualities were so much appreciated that he was several times elected to the responsible position of prior, both in Cork and Newry. He died September 2Sth, 1884, aged fifty-eight years. His remains were laid in St. Mary's Cemetery. On the 4th February, 1890, the Most Rev. Dr. Flood, O.P., was invested with the pallium as archbishop of Port of Spain. The ceremony took place in the cathedral of Trinidad, the Most Rev. Dr. Butler, s.j., bishop of Demerara, officiating. Amongst the many distinguished persons present was the Governor of Trinidad. Dr. Flood has laboured strenuously for the welfare of those committed to his care. The grand results which have attended his untiring efforts do not surprise us when we consider the high qualities of mind and heart with which he is endowed. We wish him many (58) A reference was likewise made to the new high altar, at the erection of which the baldachino was raised to its present height. This altar was consecrated by the Most Rev. Dr. O'Caflaghan, on the ist May, 1S88. 90 TPIE DOMINICANS OF years of happiness and success in the good work in which he is engaged.^ss) The Very Rev. B. T. Russell, whose name is well known to our readers, died on the-ioth July, 1890, in the Dominican Priory, Cork. His career was most distinguished. For sevent}^-four years he shone as a leader and an ornament in the Order to which he belonged. Bearing an extraordinary love to the habit of St. Dominic, and desirous of spending his life as an humble friar, he could not be induced to accept the episcopal dignit}-. The personal friend of many great men, he never aspired to other title than that of " Friar Preacher.'' He was born in Cork, on the 25th March, 1799, and entered the Order when eighteen years old. Having finished his studies in Corpo Santo, he returned in 1823 to his native cit}-, where, heedless of contempt and prejudice, which in those days was frequently the portion of priest and friar, he preached and laboured unceasingl}- in the old chapel of Dominick Street. When Catholic Emancipation was granted to Ireland in 1829, our "silver tongued preacher," as hewas called, making an appeal on behalf the Christian Brothers' Schools, thrilled his audience by the following expres sive words : — " Let us give glorf to God to-day, for to-day we are free ; our bonds have been broken, and we are delivered ; but no ! we are not all free. There (59) The name of Father Vincent Flood is mentioned in the Records of St. Mary's Priory early in the year 1870. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 91 is one slave in your midst, and that is he who addresses you. Yes, my brethren, yes. I, alas! am still a slave. Most Rev. Dp. Flood, o.p. {A Tckbishop of Port of Spain. ) for I am still in the e}-es of the law a felon. "('^''' This feeling of slavery did not however deter him from (6°) Father Russell alluded here to the exclusion of the regular clergy from the benefits of Catholic Emancipation. See his appeal on this subject, page 65. 92 THE DOMINICANS OF exercising his ministry in pulpit and confessional during his long and laborious life. His uprightness of character, blended with sweet ness and discretion, as well as deep-seated piety, attracted not only the young, but those advanced in years. His Order was to him as poverty to St. Francis of Assysium, " his spouse and his queen." He lived only for its advancement, and his heart seemed to throb only for its v\-elfare. We need but look on St. Mary's, its church and priory, both built by him, which are ornaments to the city, and, we trust, foun tains of good — spiritual and temporal — to glean some idea of Father Russell's capabilities and well-regulated zeal. His peaceful, happy death was a fitting close to a life so full of merit and good works. He was buried in St. Mary's Cemetery after the requiem high mass, celebrated by the Most Rev. Dr. O'Callaghan, O.P. His brethren united with other dear friends of the laity in raising a beautiful monument in the sanctuary of the church, as a testimony of their sincere regard.^^') Two months had scarcely passed, after Father Russell's demise, when Dr. Leahy, bishop of Dromore, departed this life. These distinguished men were fellow-students in Corpo Santo, and co-labourers in the city of Cork. Rivals only in the cause of religion, they were closely united by ties of the deepest affection. Like his friend, John Pius Leahy was a (6i) This monument vvas designed by Mr. Hynes, and executed by Mr. O'Connell, sculptor, with the exception of the bust, which vvas the work of Thomas O'Farrell, r.h.a,, Dublin. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. Very Rev. B. T. Russell, o.p. 94 THE DOMINICANS OF native of Cork. Born on the 25th July, 1802, he went when fifteen years old to Corpo Santo. Having made his profession in the Dominican Order, he was ordained in 1825, and was immediately assigned to teach various branches of ecclesiastical subjects — philosophy, theology, and the history of the Church — being thus employed for fifteen years. He was like wise rector of the college of Corpo Santo, founded by the celebrated Dominic O'Daly, a native of Kerry.^*^) Father Leahy was elected prior of the Dominican Convent of Cork in 1847, and was subsequently Provincial of Ireland. In this capacity he attended the Synod of Thurles in 1850. Deservedly held in high repute as a theologian, he was appointed Master of Conference for the diocese of Cork. Such was the career of this great man before he was compelled, in 1854, to leave the retirement so dear to him, in order to become coadjutor-bishop to Dr. Blake in the diocese of Dromore. The latter dying six years subsequently. Dr. Leahy succeeded to him, and governed the diocese for thirty years. He ruled his flock mildly but firmly, spreading every where the sweet odour of his virtues, being specially remarkable for profound humility, which pervaded his every movement. Though gifted above most men with the power of eloquence — by reason of which he was considered the first pulpit orator in Ireland — he shrank instinctively from the public gaze, and loved nothing better than retirement. Nevertheless, was he (62) Also called " Dominic of the Rosary." CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 95 ever ready to make church or oratory resound with words of light and charm, when prompted by the call of duty or charity. Most Rev. Dr. Leahy, o.p. {Late Bishop of Broniorc.') During his episcopate Dr. Leahy had always at heart the advancement of religion, and under his paternal care the Poor Clares and Sisters of Mercy were introduced into Newry, as well as the latter into 96 TPIE DO.MINICANS OF Rostrevor and Lurgan. In Newry also during his time were established the Dominican Church and Priory of St. Catherine. Many other churches and schools, besides religious bodies, owe their e.xistence in Dromore to its honoured bishop, who until his death was ever the same unassuming Father Leahy that v\ras loved and revered by the people of Cork. If humility be the foundation of all other virtues, there is little doubt that Dr. Leahy had reached the climax to which this virtue leads, true nobility and sanctity of soul,' combined with a holiness of life to which few can attain. No wonder then that his death, like his life, was considered that of a saint. His obsequies were celebrated in the cathedral of Newry on the 9th September, 1890, and were attended by an immense concourse of people, besides many prelates, amongst whom was Dr. O'Callaghan, O.P., celebrant on the occasion. The remains of the deceased bishop were laid in the cemetery attached to the "old chapel" of Newry, where for some }-ears the Dominicans had officiated. The Most Rev. Joseph Larocca, general of the Order, died in January, 1891. His successor. Father Frtihwirth, a native of Austria, was elected at Oulins, near Lyons, on the 20th of September. Being a man of great learning, he was appointed master of studies in the Dominican Convent of Gratz in 1876, and more than once declined the episcopal dignity.<^3) (63) Only on three occasions in six hundred years has an Austrian been elected General of the Dominican Order. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 97 About this time two altars of exquisite design and superior workmanship were erected in the Church, Pope's Quay.(^+) We are indebted for these altars to Miss Susan Murphy, who bequeathed one thousand pounds to the community of St. Mary's. She was sister of the late Count Murphy, and Nicholas Murphy of Carrigmore. The writer avails of this opportunity to express his own and his brethren's heartfelt gratitude to this well- known and distinguished family, and to give them the earnest assurance of constant remembrance in the prayers of the community. Amongst the many deceased friends of the Cork Dominicans was one who was connected with them from his boyhood, and whose memory shall be ever held in the most affectionate esteem. Mr. Thomas Bresnan was a man of rare virtue, and conspicuous for uprightness of character and holiness of life. A faithful member of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, and attached from his youth to the Sodality of the Holy Name (established at St. Mary's for the teaching of catechism on Sundays), he scrupulously observed the rules of these societies, and was united with both up to his death. The members of the Sodality, (64) The plans were drawn by Mr. Hynes, and the work executed by Messrs. Daly and Son, Cook Street. 'The group surmounting the altar of our Lady, and the statue over that of St. Dominic, were wrought and erected by Mr. Smyth, of Dublin — the former at the expense of the female branch of the Confraternity of the Rosary, and the latter at the expense of the Sodality of St. Thomas Aquinas. 98 THE DOMINICANS OF appreciating his high qualities, elected him president each succeeding year. At the inauguration of the Young Men's Society at St. Mary's, by the late Dr. Leahy, Mr. Bresnan was amongst those present. He was subsequently appointed vice-president, which position he filled with honour for twenty-five years, when on the retirement of the president, Mr. John George McCarthy, he was elected his successor. Resigning after two years, he was presented by the members with his portrait, accompanied by an address and testimonial. Some years before his death — having resigned the president ship of the Sodality of the Holy Name — his fellow- labourers likewise gave him a beautifully illuminated address. It was as follows : — " Address of the Sodality of the Holy Name of St. Mary's Cork, To the President, Thomas Bresnan, Esq., on his resignation of his Office, March, 1889. Very Dear President, We cannot allow your half-century of edifying labours in the service of our Sodality to close without addressing to you our sincere gratitude for the many tokens of good will and kindness in all your relations with us, as well as the sense of our loss at your resignation of the Presidential Office, so long illustrated by your virtue, which, like the lamp before the shrine, ever showed us light to guide us on our way, and as a gentle zephyr fanned into flame the flagging zeal of our members. It is now fifty years since you joined our Sodality, at a time when the struggle of our faith had still to be fought — when true and sturdy hearts and willing hands were still needed to build our Churches and our Convents — when the heavy chain of CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 99 intolerance, though freshly unbound from our limbs, had still left its canker-wounds and its dismal marks on our manhood - St. Mary's had indeed emerged from the obscurity of Friary Lane, and its muffled bell had been replaced by the melodious Angelus-peal, but the members of the Order were yet housed in the Old Friary of Dominick Street. In the meantime religious bigotry held high sway in our city, though the long night of serfdom was fast passing away before the rising sun of Catholic freedom. And foremost in the van of that mighty change, you vvere ever ready in the ranks of the zealous, self-sacrificing band, whose work (accomplished in one generation) we see in Catholic Cork of to-day — studded as it is, with glorious temples, and still more glorious institutions. Besides your multifarious and noble labours in other spheres of action, nearest of all we think of your life-long connection with the Dominican Order, and the Sodality of the Holy Name. We shall always associate your never-failing presence, and silent, but most persuasive example, with the exalted objects aimed at by our Sodality, and with the pious practice of its rules. We too, with you, have often heard the good counsels of the venerated patriarch Dr. Russell, the founder of the St. Mary's branch of the Sodality of the Holy Name ; of the Most Rev. Dr. Leahy, bishop of Dromore, holiest and wisest of men ; of Dr. Carbery, the chosen friend and apostle of youth; of the gentle ascetic Father Conway, truest of friends ; and of the long line of saintly sons of St. Dominic (including our own venerated Bishop), who have dwelt and laboured in St. Mary's Cork — their memory will be ever green in our hearts, while their wise words, let us hope, have not been quite unfruitful in shaping our actions and our lives. In conclusion, while we deeply regret that your resignation of office is unavoidable, we trust and pray that God will spare you many years of restored health, still to edify us, and still to be — ' Like the oak by the fountain in sunshine and storm, Like the rock on the mountain unchanging in form. lOO THE DOMINICANS OF Like the course of our river through ages the same. Like the dew rising ever to heaven, whence it came. Signed on behalf of the Sodality, James A. Dwyer, o.p., Spiritual Director. Patrick Hegarty, Vice-President. James A. Sullivan, Secretary!' It is only right to add that this eloquent address, which was illuminated with exquisite taste and in the most perfect style by Mr. Brennan, a young local artist, was composed by Laurence O'Sullivan, Esq., afterwards and still the revered vice-president of the Sodalit}'. Mr. Bresnan died at his residence, Patrick's Hill, on the ISt May, 1893. R. I. P. A circular letter was received by the Prior of St. Mary's on the i6th September of this year, relative to the death and glorious career of Cardinal Zigliara, O.P., who died in Rome on the loth May previous. Having been elevated to the purple, he was appointed by Leo XIII. prefect of a committee of Dominican fathers, to whom was entrusted the revision of the w-orks of St. Thomas, and before his death had the pleasure of seeing published many volumes of the new edition, which by desire of his Holiness is now entirely under the control ofthe Dominican General. ^^s) In 1894 the community of St. Mary's lost one of their young priests, the Rev. A. M. McGowan, who (65) One member of this committee (Very Rev. James Littleton) is an Irishman. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. lOI died in the prime of life, being only twenty-eight years old. He had laboured in the city somewhat more than three years, and was remarkable for won derful zeal both in pulpit and confessional. At his death, which took place on the 20th March, he left many sincere friends to mourn his loss. He was born in Carlingford, county Louth, under the shadow of the ruins of an ancient Dominican convent, which very probably was the means of directing the course of his after life. With reason do we apply to him the words of Holy Writ : " Being made perfect in a short space, he fulfilled a long time." Wisdom, chap. iv. His remains lie in the cemetery attached to the church. Within the lapse of four months the Rev. Gabriel Moore, O.P., was called to his reward.*^^) He was a young priest of great promise, being highly cultivated, and conspicuous for sterling virtue and goodness of heart. Having completed his studies at San Clemente, Rome, he was about leaving for Ireland, when suddenly taken ill he departed this life on the 25th July, 1894, not having been yet three years ordained. The Bishop of Cloyne, Most Rev. Dr. Browne, visited Youghal a short time after his consecration, and received addresses from various bodies in the town. Amongst them was one from the Presentation Convent Schools. In his answer, the Bishop alluded to the Franciscan and Dominican houses which had («6) He was brother of Father Moore, then Prior of St. Mary's. I02 THE DOMINICANS OF formerly existed in Youghal, and in reference to the latter expressed himself thus : — -" There was another monastery in this great old town — a Dominican monastery — also amongst the earliest foundations of the great Dominican Order in Ireland, and in that monastery was a famous statue of 'Our Lady of Graces.' May I not conclude that it is that Mother of Gracious- ness who has watched over this great old Catholic town, and that it is owing to her intercession with our Divine Lord that the faith has been preserved through every phase of difficulty and trial, so that now it has come to our lot to see once again in this town a display of Catholicity, such as must give comfort to the heart of a bishop." The consecration of the new side altars in the church. Pope's Quay, took place on the 5th February, 1895, during the celebration of a solemn Triduum, which opened the previous Sunday. The altar of St. Dominic was consecrated by Dr. Browne, whilst the Bishop of Cork performed a like ceremony at that of the Rosary, over which was placed the miraculous statue of "Our Lady of Graces." An overflowing con gregation attended each evening of the Triduum, and eloquent sermons were preached by the Venerable Arch deacon Coughlan, Blackrock ; Rev. Lewis Butler, O.P., of Dublin, and Very Rev. Canon Keller, P.P., Youghal. On the third day high mass was celebrated in presence of his Lordship Dr. O'Callaghan by the Very Rev. Father Moore, O.P. Presuming that a somewhat detailed description of CORK CITY AND COUNTY 103 this memorable celebration would interest our readers, I have added the following account : — The Celebration of a Solemn Triduum in the Church of St. Mary's, Cork. On the evening of Sunday, February 3rd, 1895, a Solemn Triduum was opened in the Dominican Church. It had a triple object — the formal inauguration of the new side altars and the marble statues surmounting them, the consecration of the altars, and the installation of the image of " Our Lady of Graces" above the altar of the Rosary. The Most Rev. Dr. O'Callaghan, o.p., presided, and the devotions commenced with procession of the Rosary, in which the prior and community, with his lordship the bishop, the Venerable Archdeacon Coghlan, and also the members of the confraternities of the Rosary, the Holy Name, and St. Thomas of Aquin, took part. An overflowing congregation attended, as also on the other days of the triduum. Archdeacon Coghlan, P.P., Blackrock, then delivered a beautiful and impressive discourse on devotion to the Blessed Virgin, taking for his text the words of the " Magnificat," " Behold from henceforth all nations shall call me blessed." Having enlarged in eloquent terms on the virtues and prerogatives of Mary, and having alluded to the procession which had just taken place, as a small recognition on the part of those present in her honour, the venerable preacher concluded by saying " that on such an evening, and in such a church, it would be unpardonable in him to omit referring to one whom he might, in a most emphatic manner, style the apostle of devotion to Mary. If ever there was a saint in the history of the church whose zeal and reverence and whose enthusiasm and personal worth entitled him to be called the privileged apostle of devotion to Mary, it was St. Dominic. That evening they were to have unveiled before them a beautiful marble group representing Our Blessed Lady giving the Rosary to St. Dominic." The preacher then described the devotion of the Rosary, and thus concluded his discourse. Immediately afterwards the group I04 THE DOMINICANS OF of statues was blessed by the Bishop. The statue of St. Dominic surmounting his own altar was blessed on a previous occasion. The side altars of Our Blessed Lady and St. Dominic were consecrated on Monday, at ten o'clock, the former by the bishop of the diocese, and the latter by the Most Rev. Dr. Browne, the bishop of Cloyne. They are of elaborate construction, and were designed by Mr. Hynes, architect, and executed by Mr. Daly, builder, in the most exquisite and artistic manner, the style being Corinthian, in keeping with that of the church. A curved coning in the superstructure of each altar forms a niche, lit from behind, in which respectively is the group of statues and the statue of St. Dominic, which have been alluded to already. A tabernacle of beautifully-wrought brass on the Rosary altar is surmounted by a marble structure which now contains the image of Our Lady of Youghal. On Monday evening the devotions of the triduum were resumed, and consisted, as on the previous evening, of pro cession of the Rosary, sermon, and benediction ofthe most Holy Sacrament. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Lewis Butler, o.P., of St. Saviour's, Dublin, and was listened to with rapt attention by the congregation. He said that many in stances were recorded in sacred scripture of how, in moments of supreme national peril and impending ruin, the people of God were rescued by the hand of a woman. He made special mention in this respect of Deborah, Judith, and the mother of the Machabees, but remarked that they were only the figures and precursors of one greater than them all, and that was the humble Virgin of Nazareth, the mother of Jesus Christ. Mary, by her agency, saved not one generation but all the generations of men. Referring to St. Dominic, Father Butler said that when strugghng with the Albigensian heresy he preached in vain, until one night the Blessed Virgin appeared and presented to him the holy Rosary. Whilst afterwards employing this spiritual weapon the most hardened sinners were softened by his words, and thousands of heretics were saved by the power and prayers of a woman. He then spoke of Ireland, and said that persecution CORK CITY AND COUNTY. I05 had done its utmost to destroy the faith of our country. The broken arches, the burned shrines, the ivy-clad walls, the land thrice confiscated, told all that she had suffered in the cause ot truth and justice. But there was one thing left, and this could never be snatched from the bleeding hands of Ireland. That was the Cathohc faith. The reason of this unchangeable fidelity was to be found in our devotion to the holy mother of God — a devotion handed down from father to son and mother to daughter, until it became an heirloom in every Irish Catholic household. Tuesday was the closing day of the triduum. High mass vvas celebrated at eleven o'clock by the prior (Father Moore) in the presence of the bishop. He also presided at the evening devotions, which began with procession in honour of " Our Lady of Graces." The Very Rev. Canon Keller, p.p., of Youghal, preached. The Fathers of St. Mary's considered it not only most becoming but also a great privilege that Canon Keller should preach at the close of this solemn triduum, as it was principally intended to honour " Our Lady of Graces," whose sacred image formerly belonged to his parish, and he himself was so distinguished an ecclesiastic, being revered as such both by his brethern of the priesthood and the entire Catholic laity of Ireland. The priests of Cloyne, when about to choose one of their body to be their bishop, placed his name as dignissimus at the head of the Ust of those deemed worthy for the exalted position. And to the laity he appeared, even to those who differed with him in his political action, as the "good shepherd " or pastor, being prepared to suffer imprisonment, as he did, and even what was worse, suspicion and coldness on the part of his superiors, rather than betray the flock entrusted to his care, or their interests when at stake. In his sermon, Canon Keller delicately and beautifully con nected the marvellous merits of " Our Lady of the Rosary " with those of " Our Lady of Graces," for whilst dilating on the former he brought the minds of his hearers to dwell on the latter. "That occasion," he said, "was specially dear to him, when, for the first time after the lapse of many generations, the venerable I06 THE DOMINICANS OF figure of ' Our Lady of Youghal ' was exposed for public venera tion and devotion ; and being an occasion too that had been blessed in a special manner by our most holy father the Pope, under the patronage of the venerated prelate of this diocese." Having spoken of the great devotion and confidence in Mary which prevailed in this truly Catholic land, he said that " he did not know a nation in all the pages of the history of the church where the Catholic faith had been more steadfastly adhered to, or where greater sufferings or sacrifices were made for the faith than in Ireland. Meanwhile churches were levelled to the earth, shrines were burnt and altars overthrown, but the figure of ' Our Lady of Youghal ' was saved ; and he envied them, while he congratulated them, on possessing that sacred rehc, which for a long succession of ages, in the old time of Youghal by the sea, was a source of veneration and attraction to countless multitudes of our forefathers." At the conclusion of the sermon, benediction of the most Holy Sacrament was given by his lordship the Bishop, and thus terminated this memorable triduum, which abounded with so many tokens of deep piety and love on the part of the Catholics of Cork towards the mother of God in her hope-inspiring character of " Our Lady of Graces." A Public Appeal for Funds to Repair and Improve St. Mary's Church, Pope's Quay. In a leading article of one f^'' of the local papers the remarks transferred to these pages appeared in its issue of the 24th of February, 1896. They refer to an appeal which was made on the previous day by the community of St. Mary's to the citizens of Cork, for funds to enable the Fathers to make certain necessary repairs and improvements in their church. (67) The Daily Herald. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 107 " Catholic Cork has reason to be proud of the result of yester day's meeting in St. Mary's Church. Convened for the purpose of raising funds for the preservation and improvement of the beautiful structure in charge of the Dominican Fathers, the meeting was thoroughly representative of the leading citizens, and successful beyond the most sanguine expectations of the promoters . . . In a city famed for its liberality on behalf of every movement appealing to the charitable and religious instincts of its people, another proof has been given . . . . of the boundless generosity of which it is capable, wlaen a worthy object, such as that of yesterday's meeting, is concerned . . St. Mary's Church is one of the many sacred edifices of which Cork can justly boast, tt is also in charge ol an Order which has played a memorable part in the extension of the Catholic faith in all parts oi the world, and in its preservation in Ireland when penal laws were enacted to ex tinguish it ... . Since their establishment amongst us in Cork, the Dominican Fathers have worked indefatigably in the sacred cause of religion. The Church of St. Mary's has been the scene of their unselfish labour for nearly sixty years. It is a structure of much architectural beauty, and is frequented by a large congregation. But the effects of time have told on its condition, and the work of restoring and preserving it in a fit state cannot be longer delayed . . We need only refer our readers to the statement made by the Rev. Prior (Father Moore) to convince them of the urgency of the appeal. The citizens who attended the meeting did their part in a manner worthy of their Irish faith." Important Public Meeting. The Catholics of Cork assembled in great numbers in St. Mary's Church, on Sunday, February 23rd, 1896, for the purpose of raising funds to defray the expenses already incurred, or to be incurred, by the community in making necessary repairs and improvements in the church. The Prior, Very Rev. Father Moore, proposed that Mr. Nicholas Io8 THE DOMINICANS OF Murphy (Carrigmore) would take the chair, and the motion was received with acclamation by all present. Amongst those vvere— Rev. Father O'Sullivan, o.s.A. ; Rev. Father McSwiney, o.s.A. ; Rev. Father O'Mahony, o.s.A.; Alder man P. J. Madden, Messrs. P. J. Hegarty, John McDonnell, James Murphy, M. D. Daly, J.P. ; Edward Ryan, Lieut.-Colonel Murray, M. P. Buckley, J.P. ; Peter O'Flynn, Thomas Crosbie, A. M. Cole, T.c ; Maurice O'Donnell, t.c. ; M. C. Daly, T.c. ; Francis Curtin, Dominick O'Leary, D. J. Twomey, P. Fielding, P. Tracey, P. Kirwan, John Canty, P. Cahill, John English, James Hogan, Christopher J. Dunn, J.P. ; L. O'Sullivan, Joseph Deyos, Thomas Attridge, J. McCormick, J. J. Nunan, G. Moran, J. A. Hanrahan, S. F. Hynes, John Twomey, P. Moriarty, J. Cahill, F. J. Murphy, Pierce Roche, John G. McCarthy, C. O'Sullivan, James J. Scanlan, Michael McCarthy, t.c. ; D. J. O'Mahony, John O'Connor, Wifliam Ryan, M. J. Barry, H.c; Thomas Travers, John Riordan, W. Smiddy, T. J. Cagney, E. McNamara, P. J. Riordan, T. J. Sheedy, D. J. Lucy, T.c; D. Fitzpatrick, J. H. Sugrue, John Ryan, John Cross, N. Cole, J. Nolan, John Murphy, Thomas Mullins, A. Henley, Stephen Perry, j.p. ; Ignatius Harrington, Edward Geary, P. Barrett, Jerome Twomey, R. Tivy, B. M. Egan, Timothy Kiely, James O'Reilly, John Perry, R. J. Murphy, hon. sec. Cork Young Men's Society; W. J. Cahill, T. J. Clanchy, h.c. ; Dr. Brown, Michael McCarthy, C. O'Connell, Thomas Mockler, John Galgey, C. Paul, R. O'Hanlon. The following members of the community were also present — Rev. Father Moore, Rev. Father Dwyer, Rev. Father Masterson, Rev. Father Walsh, Rev. Father O'Kane, Rev. Father Quinn, Rev. Father Howard, and Rev. Father Duggan. The following report was read by Father Moore. I will lay before you, gentlemen, what we have done and what we intend to do. From time to time portions of the overhanging acanthus leaves of the capitals of the piUars, through damp or other causes, became detached and fell to the ground, but fortunately at times when the church was empty. Early last year a considerable portion of one of the capitals fell, and this CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 109 caused us serious anxiety as to the condition of the ceiling. On examination, however, we found it to be, on the whole, in a perfectly sound state ; the wood-work behind was in excellent order, and the stucco adhered to the wood, and was firmly knit together. Still, to reassure those frequenting the church, we asked the architect, Mr. Hynes, to report fully on the matter, and to offer such suggestions as he deemed advisable. He accordingly laid before the community three plans: (i) To remove the ceiling altogether, and to substitute one in wood or light fibrous plaster; (2) to remove the stucco capitals of the pillars, and the heavier ornaments of the entablature and panels, and to replace them with others of wood ; (3) to secure all the ornaments with stroug copper wire, to strengthen the deeply undercut leaves, and to saturate the entire surface of the stucco with an indurating material, which would render it proof against damp caused by the condensation of hot air. Acting under the advice of the architect, we determined to adopt the third plan. Thus we shall provide for the safety of those who frequent the church, without spoiling the classic ceiling and its ornaments. As the indurating material referred to is supplied in various tints, we applied a few subdued tones of colour in order to bring out into stronger relief the different sections of architraves, frieze, medallions, etc. Provision is being made, moreover, for the more effectual ventilation of the church by adding glass hoppers to the windows, and opening near the ceiling of the aisles several chimney shafts, originally made in the main walls for purposes long since abandoned. Other works which vve intend to carry through without further delay are the decoration of the apse and the reconstruction of the organ, retaining some of the stops and incorporating them in the new instrument, or the erection of an entirely new organ. A most important work, likewise, is the renewal of the leaden gutters of thereof and side towers. The present gutters have been repaired again and again, and it is with difficulty that we can keep the water out. Nearly thirty years have elapsed since we made an appeal to our friends, but at length urgent necessity compels us to solicit their help, as no THE DOMINICANS OF we have no resources of our own, and we feel assured that their response will be in keeping with the more than friendly interest they have ever shown in this church and community. The Chairman said he was sure the citizens of Cork would not turn a deaf ear to the appeal which Father Moore had made. On the contrary, they would give promptly and hberally on this occasion. He then called on Mr. Crosbie to propose the first resolution. Mr. Crosbie said the task of proposing the first resolution had been very much simpHfied by the statement they had heard from the Father Prior of that church and community. He believed that that church had been in existence for about sixty years, and his own memory assured him of the fact. That church had always been an object of pride and admiration to the citizens of Cork. But the church had more than its external beauty to recommend it. It had entwined in its history associations which were dear to them. There were names in connection with it that still awake a thrill of pride and gratitude in the hearts of Corkmen. Many still amongst them remembered the saintly Bishop of Dromore ; few of the seniors had for gotten Bishop Carbery, and surely the memory of Dr. Russell was still green in the hearts of many of their fellow-townsmen. These great men had found successors worthy of them, who had kept alive the traditions and the teaching and the splendid example they afforded to those who surrounded them, and they now asked the citizens of Cork to aid them in main taining the noble temple in which they all worshipped. The fathers whom they saw around them in their white robes would pass away as their predecessors had passed away, and, like them, he had no doubt would be held in honour and gratitude amongst the community, but the church would remain. The servants of the temple depart, but the temple remains. The edifice was one of which the citizens of Cork would be always proud, and when the Dominicans asked them to help in preserving it, they were simply asking the worshippers to work for them selves. Having said so much, he would conclude by moving this simple and straightforward resolution — "That the works under- CORK CITY AND COUNTY. I i i taken by the Dominican Fathers, for the preservation and improve ment of their beautiful church, are absolutely necessary." Mr. C. J. Dunn seconded the resolution, and observed that after the lucid explanation of the works which they heard detailed by Father Moore, and the admirable manner in which Mr. Crosbie had developed the question, very little remained to be said. The external works were such as were absolutely necessary in a climate of this kind that suffered particularly from, rain-fall and humidity of every kind, and they had heard it was absolutely necessary to secure the roof in order to keep out the rain. The community did not incur any unnecessary expense in undertaking these works ; they were only doing what was absolutely necessary. He believed they would agree with him that the community adopted the right course in approving of the improvements suggested by the architect, by which the edifice would lose none of its internal beauty. He was quite sure the citizens would appreciate in a practical manner that the works undertaken were of a thoroughly necessary character. The resolution was passed unanimously. Mr. A. M. Cole proposed the next resolution as follows : — "That considering the Dominican Fathers have not appealed to the generosity of their feUow-citizens for the last thirty years, and having no resources of their own, it is the opinion of this meeting that their appeal is worthy of the warmest support of the pubhc." Mr. Crosbie, he said, had so fully compassed the ground that very little remained for him to say in support of the resolution entrusted to his care. He was certain the citizens of Cork would open their hearts and purses to this appeal, and remove any anxiety from the minds of the Fathers to whom this church had been entrusted, and that their appeal would meet with a ready, willing, and liberal response. Mr. James Scanlan, in seconding the resolution, said his earliest recollections were associated with that church. That magnificent meeting was a guarantee that the Dominican Fathers would get what they required, and that the church would be preserved in its beauty and elegance, and would remain so when the Fathers had passed away. 112 THE DOMINICANS. Alderman Madden proposed " That a subscription list be now opened." He looked upon that resolution as being pre eminently the resolution of the day. He was sure that the appeal made by the good Fathers of St. Mary's would be met in a generous spirit ; and if it was not, he was mistaken in the people of Cork. He did not think that there was a community that leant less on the people of that city in his time than the Dominican Fathers. It was now thirty years since they made an appeal to the people of Cork, and it was a marvel to him how they sustained that edifice for such a length of time out of their own resources. Mr. John Rearden seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. On the motion of Father Moore, Messrs. Frank Murphy and Ignatius Harrington were appointed treasurers to the fund ; and Messrs. Stephen Perry, James O'Sullivan, Richard Twomey, and John Galgey, secretaries. He announced that a number of subscriptions were already sent in. A collection was then made, and a very large number of subscriptions were handed in. Father Moore, on behalf of the community, returned thanks to Mr. Nicholas Murphy for presiding. He had been always, he said, to them a true and good friend, and they did not know how to thank him sufficiently for his kindness on that and every other occasion. He had also to thank the gentlemen who had spoken to the resolutions, and all their generous benefactors. The proceedings then terminated. The entire amount realized by this appeal exceeded £i,6oo. This generosity was but a sequel to the numberless proofs, which the citizens of Cork had given through a long succession of years, of their unalterable attachment to the Dominicans, who for so many centuries have laboured without interruption in the city by the Lee. SECOND PART— COUNTY. Vougbal and tbe miraculous Statue. " It is one long chaplet of memories, Tender and true and sweet. That gleam in the past and the distance. Like lamps that burn at her feet. Like stars that will shine for ever, For time cannot touch or stir The graces that Mary has given, Or the trust that we give to her." Adelaide A. Procter. i|HE Dominican Convent of Youghal,**^) county Cork, was founded in 1268 by Thomas, son of Maurice Fitzgerald, then Viceroy of Ireland, under the title of "Lord Justiciary." In 1243, John, his paternal grandfather, founded the priory in Tralee, where he was buried. The remains of Thomas were laid in the cemetery of the Youghal Convent, which was dedicated to the Holy Cross, probably on account of the red cross marked on his family shield.**'' The (68) A view of the town, including this convent, appears in Smith's History of Cork, vol. i., book ii., chap. i. (69) Hib. Dom,, pp. 239, i7'2-72). This title was changed in course of time to " Our Lady of Graces," as will be seen in the account of the miraculous statue. 114 THE DOillNICANS. houses of Tralee and Sligo, built by the Geraldines, as well as five others of the Order in Ireland, and that of Louvain, bore the same appellation. The Friary of Youghal was built to the north of the town, (7°) and though the dwelling has totally disappeared, the ruins of the church may still be seen surrounded by monuments of the dead. Judging from the foundations, which have occasionally been un covered, it consisted of nave, choir, and south aisle.*?'' The dwelling was situated, according to conventional custom, on the north side. There still exists to south-east a massive though mutilated pier, which supported the arches as well as the west end of the nave, and fragments of the side walls. There can be little doubt but that it was a beautiful church, and no mean specimen of the Gothic style in the thirteenth century, as can be seen by the foliated capitals still adhering to the pier. Above the west doorway was a three-light window, which all but fills the entire gable. Tradition tells us that a subterranean passage, running in a southerly direction, connected the Priory with St. Mary's Col legiate Church. When in 1847 a grave was being dug in the cemetery for the body of a man named (70) To the south was the Franciscan Convent, founded in 1260 by Gerald Fitzgerald, brother of Thomas (Ware, de Antiquitatibus Hib., chap. 26, p. 146). Others assert that Wifliam de Vesey was the founder. The beautiful Presentation Nunnery now occupies the site. (71) The measurements, exclusive of walls, were — Nave, 73 feet by 24 feet 8 inches ; choir, 66 feet by 24 feet 8 inches ; and south aisle, 105 feet by 21 feet. — Rev. Samuel Hayman, a.b. Convent of Youghal. 1X6 THE DOMINICANS OF Broderick, there was found a freestone effigy of a knight in armour, with a sword at his side. The coffin was placed over the efiigy, which is still sup posed to be undisturbed.*?^' The convent lands were given by the English Government to various persons successively — first, in 1 581, to a military man named William Walsh, at a nominal rent of twenty-two pence for ever ; then for a term of years to John Thickpenny, who was also a soldier. As certified in the " MS. of Lismore," by A. St. Leger, the Friary was granted to Walter Raleigh on the 3rd of February, 1586, at an annual rent of ;£^I2 19s. 6d.*"' All his Irish grants were conveyed by Raleigh to Mr. Richard Boyle, the first Lord Cork, on the 7th December, i6o2.*?'t> The buildings were, however, destroyed in the following year, and the agents whom Raleigh employed for the purpose were, according to authentic accounts, most unfortunate. The first who undertook the demolition fell dead from the roof of the church, all his limbs being broken ; also three soldiers, who threw the Holy Cross from the top of the monastry, met with frightful deaths. Within eight days of the outrage one died insane, another was consumed by vermin, and the third killed by the seneschal of the Earl of Desmond.*?^' (.72) Article by Rev. S. Hayman, a.b., Kilkenny Archceological Journal, 1854-55, p. 333. (73) A proviso was made in the deed that the Act passed in Limerick, anno. 33 of Henry VIIL, for lands given by the king, should not be prejudicial to this deed. (74) Patent Rolls. (75) Theatre of Catholique and Protestant Religion, p. 124, CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 117 The following were distinguished members of the Youghal community : — Dominic O'Ronain, who having completed his studies at Louvain, was ap pointed master of novices in 1654. This position he held for ten years, and then returned to Youghal, Friary of Youghal. where he zealously fulfilled his priestly duties for a con siderable time. Raymond O'Fahadh, who had made his studies at Victoria, in Spain, and was an eloquent preacher. James O'Henny, who also studied in Spain. His excellent qualities were the subject of praise on the part of O'Heyne, O.P., in his Epilogus Chronologicus, quoted by the Rev^ S. Hayman in his Book on Youghal; also, Hib, Dom.,, p. 273. Cbe miraculous Statue. OLY CROSS," the title of the convent of Youghal, was changed to that of " Our Lady of Graces,'' because of a statue of the Blessed Virgin, which the Friars ob tained in a miraculous manner. A piece of wood brought in by the tide was found on the river's bank adjoining the town. This wood being rare in the locality some fishermen wished to appropriate it, but they were unable to lift it though they harnessed ten horses for the purpose. The ebbing tide bearing it towards the Dominican Convent, t\Vo of the religious brought it to the cloister. The Prior being informed in a vision, which he had during the night, that the image of Our Lady, the "Virgin of Great Power," was in this wood, found it accordingly.*?*' Another account tells us that the piece of timber was exposed to the weather near the porch of the church. A blind man entering the building, and seeking with outstretched hand for holy water, dipped his fingers into the rain water lodged in a cavity of the (76) Les Voyages et Observations du Siettr Boullaye le Gouz, p. 454, published 1653. This author was called by his contem poraries the "Catholic Traveller," having visited all the countries of the world. Statue and Old and New Shrine of Our Lady of Youghal. I20 THE DOMINICANS OF wood. Thinking it was holy water he at once washed his eyes, according to his custom, and on the instant his sightwas restored. This miracle led to the examina tion of the wood and the consequent discovery of the image. This image was the object of special devotion to the faithful, who flocked from all parts of Ireland to venerate it. By a decree ofthe Most General Chapter,*??' held in Rome, 1644, all alms offered in honour of the pious image were to be applied to the convent of Youghal, and the Provincial was ordered not to dispose of them otherwise. This statue of the Madonna and Child is of Italian workmanship of the fifteenth century. It is a carving in ivory about three inches long, much worn and dis coloured by time.*?'' During the persecutions the Dominicans removed the image to a place of safety. It was afterwards enclosed by a daughter of one of the Geraldines in a silver case, richly decorated with floriated ornaments and surmounted by a cross. In front are folding doors, which when open display the sacred relic. On the inside of the doors are a crucifixion and the figure of a saint respectively. The case bears the following (77) The ordinations of a Most General Chapter are equal in force to those of three ordinary General Chapters, and bind in perpetuity. — Hib. Dom., p. 114. (78) To the pencil of Mrs. Collins, the daughter of the late James Roche, the "Roscoe'' of Cork, is to be attributed the front view of the shrine, which with the image is beautifully illustrated in the Ulster Joiirnal of Archceology, April, 1854. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 121 Latin inscription : — Orate pi'o anima Onorice filicB Jacobi de Geraldinis quce me fieri fecit. Anno Domini, 1617. " Pray for the soul of Honoria, daughter of James Fitzgerald, who caused me to be made. A.D. 1617." It will be interesting to add here a letter of Crofton Croker to the Rev. James J. Carbery, O.P., afterwards the bishop of Hamilton, in Canada. " 3 Gloucester Road, Old Brompton, London, 24;';^ October, 1853. Rev. and Dear Sir, I beg to thank you most sincerely for your kindness in for warding to me the very beautiful drawings I have received with your letter of the 21st instant, and I hope when you next com municate vvith Dr. Russell you will do me the favour to convey to him my acknowledgments, which I have now the pleasure to express to you. The shrine was for a few days in my custody, through the kindness of my lamented friend, the late Mr. James Roche, who assisted me in my translation of M. Boullaye de Gouz's tour in Ireland in 1644, by whom it is supposed to be mentioned. We differed, I think, about the identity of the lady who presented the shrine to the Dominicans, Mr. Roche conjecturing hastily, as I still think, that she was a Countess of Desmond, whereas I believed Honoria (Onoriae) to be the daughter of Sir James Desmond who was killed in 1597 by the sons of Sir William Bourke, and whose body was gibbetted at Kilmallock. This lady was married to her relative, John Fitzgerald, seneschal of Imokilly, and after his death to Sir Edmond, son and heir of Sir John Fitzgerald, of Cloyne and Ballymaloe. It is altogether a most interesting rehc, and allow me to add to my expression 'beautiful drawings' — a far higher comment from an antiquarian — ' and most accurate.' 122 THE DOMINICANS OF If at any time I can be of service to you in this neighbourhood, believe it will give me sincere pleasure, and that I remain very truly, Your obedient and humble servant, T. Crofton Croker. The Rev. James J. Carbery, etc., etc." It is well to remark that Honoria Fitzgerald was not the long-lived Countess of Desmond who was called Catherine, and whose father was Sir John of Dromana, nor was she daughter of Sir James Desmond, slain by Bourke in 1597, but of James, fifteenth Earl of Desmond, long known as " the pretended Earl."*?^' During a temporary cessation of the persecutions the Dominicans returned to Youghal, but were com pelled to leave owing to the Act passed on the 1st May, 1698, commanding all religious orders to depart from Ireland. They then entrusted the sacred image to Sir John Hore, of Shandon Castle, county Waterford ;**°' but we find it again in the hands of the Dominicans once more residing in Youghal in 1756. The community consisted of three priests, Thomas O'Kelly, prior, Dominic Houghlahan, and James Flynn. From the time of its discovery up to our own days miraculous powers have been uninterruptedly ascribed to the image of " Our Lady of Graces," and as long as (79) Religious Foundations of Youghal by Rev. Samuel Hay man, and History of Cork by Rev. C. B. Gibson. (80) Hib. Dom., p. 273. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 123 it was possible the Irish people made pilgrimages to the Friary of Youghal in order to honour it.*^'' Amongst the frequent instances of cures and graces obtained by prayers offered in honour of this image was that of Mr. Michael O'Callaghan, father of the present bishop of Cork. The new shrine is a votive offering of thanksgiving for his recovery, and bears the following inscription : — Sanctcs Maries Gratiarum Michael 0' Callaghari Familiague devote Gratias agentes, A.D. MDCCCLXXII. "Michael O'Callaghan and family devoutly returning thanks to Saint Mary of Graces, 1872." This shrine was designed by the late Mr. Goldie, of London. The work was executed in Paris, under his personal supervision. Mr. Goldie would accept no remuneration for his own eminent personal services, as he was desirous of participating in the noble offering of the donors. This venerable image is now in the possession of the Dominican community of Cork. No precise record exists as to the manner in which it came into their hands, but the following may throw light upon the subject. In the dark days of persecution it was ordained by the authorities of the Order in Ireland that when, as frequently happened, the inmates of a (81) The following appears in the Register of the Order of St. Dominic: — "In the year 1639, 19th February, Father James Hurley was confirmed Provincial of Ireland, having been elected in the Chapter assembled on the 12th October, in the convent of 'Our Lady of Graces' of Youghal." He was afterwards bishop I of Emly. Another Dominican Convent called " Saint Mary of '• Graces" still exists at Milan. 124 THE DOMINICANS OF Chalice of 'Ioughal Convent. convent were dispersed by the enemies of religion, the sacred vessels, vestments, and other religious objects, should be sent to the nearest community, that they might not be lost or desecrated. This regulation reasonably accounts for the existence of three objects CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 125 f^tto fcnsrrilwiB'JKnBf-'vf iKJiiti tjiSKrafr / tntlilfiturfmffifi'fHtfiSUU'Jifiir'.'WJ.' /( t«7^^ tot an 3 Joairi cb^-^qudw F(Kfait:wibijpj)taI«fotfcnj8;scn)[ofl pal5«i£ird"orrertion£ct6S:R$ rimf,p' piml 15 fe^oriJ Msm'' . M't'cnT 4n fttbiyjlk'Tifaitaitwtt'.lfttiiiKK'intriU . otitnctaft.nwfailrj.^wiujiBiW'no I'sjj.^wpifftro.J&n'ilfonimMnifljf ; / ctt3lt''IiMiat tjo iinjjttoirfmt (pffifilii* '-' pMii-giJij iflfaptiTj tOKtit.iEttirf ftaore ronjilT^imlieitop aiof pi HKeSotAr:" '^iotinitrJdjctane RlHt^loo: vrrjpci itatogj h.^'iy-op -rajfira v^ m^vn pJiite.iSSD ilii bntlJxbarto.'nii'coSifcf vferpata [;rftioma|»3ocrot •t(Dii(ts(A-' lo^M'afu'lOTvbanlTiiucitttpi^ aS t^lEtfcfioliia^TJdifj'oaJ^capiTe iiocrea^ Rt&f fcwrs't iwuffif la--' ft AtTmttntific lojfl. i mctuixwilrti^ a^firrlt fobfimwiB^- fjcfn Ei! if J, ;fit vot •:] uit tttiit md i i>-tty ci'gr-^viod.y aqrii afpdlami tM% ¦ ^ ¦ jErnAf'rt''q'ciTcth-'iiii'':ai>:»(f>iVi'HCj^ fa-Tfe-i virciitt 1 rJtCcffni limat-i ¦ ( . EflHtsiftiii-fl in!ttiicni>rp I'tt dtp tri . .^ ft«a-e5K4.€tpfu[«iTj tvtli'j titatti ffl*fnirtit'ibnrT(i5(iD0L[q;!'cra.tj|tn ffScft'ttfgiC'jniancTM^ffr^D^.l^fft' , j , flii£tt;'';.yi'Jf(i!ifiMria_'i i.rm Jin^o cfti'' -ty tt Wt»'¦ wH tn < U hO H > z;o U hh 1.-. ¦> I30 THE DOMINICAN.S. appeared in 1706. He was at this time sixty years old, and acquainted with Fathers O'Cuiffe and Barry, from whom most probably he learned the facts which have been mentioned. Ware's mistake can be accounted for by saying that there may have been, as in other parts of Ireland, two convents at Castlelyons — one of the Franciscans, and the other of the Dominicans — and that as in Youghal both were introduced by the Fitzgeralds, so in the present case the two foundations owed their origin to the family of the Barrymores. The lands belonging to this convent were granted at the time of the dissolution of religious houses to Richard Boyle, Lord Cork, who assigned them to his son-in-law, David Barry, the first Earl of Barrymore. In the reign of James II., as has been already said, the Dominicans regained possession of them, but in the year 1698, when the bishops and other dignitaries, as well as the regulars, were exiled from the kingdom, the property finally reverted to Lord Barrymore, and is still in the hands of the family. In the year 1749 the ruins of the Castlelyons Convent, with the nave, choir, and bell-tower of the adjoining church, were seen by De Burgo,(^7)and all these structures appear to be yet in the same con dition, as can be inferred from the illustration which accompanies the account now brought to a close. (S7) Hib. Dom., p. 292. 6lanwortb. Convent of tbe fioly Cross. ' O honoured cross, O beauteous tree, In Eden's bowers was none like thee. What glory may with thine compare. The Lord, the King of ICings, to bear.'' ijX a hill above the bank of the river Fun- cheon, which flows to the north-west of Glanworth, county Cork, the noble family of the Roches, who were proprietors of the town, established a convent of the Domini can Order. This distinguished fainily is of French origin, and was called " de la Roche." It traces its descent from Charlemagne and other kings of France, as likewise from the counts of Flanders. It also claims relationship to the kings of England through Elizabeth de Clare, the niece of Edward I., who being the widow of John de Burgo, father of William, the duke of Ulster, married Raphael de la Roche.^*^' Though many trustworthy v/riters '¦^9) make express mention of this Dominican foundation, Charles Smith (88) This account is taken from the genealogy of this family compiled in 1615 by Sir William Segar, commonly called "garter," and found in the Heraldic Registry of London. Hib. Dom., p. 334. (89) Ware, Harris, Alemand, O'Heyne, and Echard, o.P. 132 THE DO.MINICANS. alone ('^'^^ gives as the date of its occurrence 1227. This, however, must have been a typographical error, for though the writer may have discovered this date in otherwise reliable manuscripts, it could not be the year in which the Dominicans first settled in Glanworth, as no mention is made of their existence there in the " Catalogue of the Convents in Ireland" drawn up by a member of the Order in 1300. It must have been therefore after this Catalogue had appeared that the Order was introduced. The ruins of the church still exist, and they consist of the nave and chancel. Between them rises a low square tower, supported on four finely pointed arches. The windows, though square on the outside, are beautifully arched on the interior. Near the castle, the ancient seat of the Roches, which is situated just on the margin of the river, is a well dedicated to St. Dominic, which is held in great veneration by the peasantry .'5'' Smith tells us that at his time a large concourse of people used to assemble every year at the well on the 4th August, the feast of St. Dominic, and that many tokens of miracles were to be seen on a beautiful tree overhanging the well.^') Father David Roche, who lived in the convent of Glanworth about the year 1640, was distinguished for (90) History of Cork, vol. i., p. 351. (91) The castle was occupied by Lord Fermoy in 1601, but for feited by his descendant in 1641. — Lewis' Topographical Dic tionary, vol. i., p. 655. (92) History of Cork, 1750. :>-r Convent of Glanworth. 134 THE DOMINICANS OF his great virtue and learning, as well as eloquence and cultivated manners. He was esteemed as a man of great merit throughout the whole of Munster.^) Another Dominican of this house, Father John Browne, was residing with James III. (commonly so called), as his confessor, and that of the Queen, Mary Clementine. He received the habit in the convent of Glanworth from a namesake. Father John Browne, who was a native of Galway, and Provincial of Ireland during the reign of James H.^?-*) Besides these two illustrious men there were others affiliated to the Glanworth convent whose career is deserving of special notice. Theobald Roche was master of studies in 1654 at Louvain. He held this position till the end of 1657, spreading around him the light of his extensive know ledge and the odour of his virtue. Gerald Gibbon studied at Burgos, in Spain, and then returning to Ireland became remarkable for his great and persuasive eloquence. He was prior of the convent of Glanworth, his native town, as also in other parts of Munster. Having clothed many young aspirants with the habit of the Order, he was at length obliged to fly from his convent on account of the per secutions, and went to Belgium. He died a holy death in 1685. Constantine O'Garavain having made his studies (93) O'Heyne, O.P,, Epil. Chronol, quoted by Hib. Dom., p. 615. (94) Idem, p. 335. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 135 with distinction in the convent of the Most Blessed Virgin of Athoca at Madrid, returned in 1673 to his native country, where he laboured most zealously Doorway in Tower, Convent of Glanworth. amongst the people for twenty-six years, both in the pulpit and confessional. He received a large number ;into the Order, but was finally compelled to leave 136 THE DO.MINICANS OF Ireland in 1699, and go into Burgundy, in France. O'Heyne, the Dominican writer, who was intimately acquainted with Father O'Garavain from his childhood, described him as being "a man ofthe highest character, and of an exceedingly mild disposition." John O'Brian, having completed his ecclesiastical course in Palencia, in Old Castile, was appointed lecturer of philosophy at the convent of Holy Cross, in Louvain, and also sub-prior and master of novices. He then went into Spain, but was, in 1686, elected prior of Louvain, where towards the end of the follow ing year he was made sub-regent, and subsequently regent of studies. Having completed his office, he passed into Portugal. Whilst there engaged in teach ing he was made master of theology. Then leaving Portugal he went to Viterbo, in Italy. Father O'Brian was not only distinguished for his great learning, but also for the holiness of his life. Peter Hennessy, of the same convent of Glanworth, studied philosophy in Galway under the celebrated O'Heyne, and afterwards theology in Brittany. When ordained priest he was usually engaged as curate or vicar in some church in the town of Galway, and was an eloquent and impressive preacher. There were two other Dominicans of Holy Cross, Glanworth, the account of whose career will, I think, interest our readers, were it only for the coincidence that they were both brothers, not only in religion, but also of the same family. Father O'Garavain, having completed his collegiate CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 137 course with eclat in Spain, was desirous to return to Ireland, but his wishes were frustrated by the de structive and cruel war of William, Prince of Orange. Going, therefore, to La Rochelle, in France, he re mained there for many years in the convent of his Order. He was remarkable for his rare virtue as a religious. His brother left his native country, intending like wise to prosecute his studies in Spain, but was captured at sea by the Moors, and sold as a slave to an African prince. The daughter of this prince becoming greatly attached to him on account of his manly beauty, the father offered her in marriage to young Garavain on condition of his abandoning the faith of Christ and professing himself a Mahometan. But the good religious boldly refused not only to abjure his holy faith, but also to get married though he should still remain a Christian. The prince being unable to over come hiswonderful fortitude byfavours or ill-treatment, handed him over to a Turkish pasha, with whom he remained faithful to his religion and the vows he had made to God.^) (95) Epilogus Chronologicus. — O'Heyne, o.p. Conclusion. HAVE now brought to a close this "Historical Account" of the Dominicans of Cork city and county. I have shewn what they achieved since their arrival in the city in 1229, and likewise in Youghal,^ Castlelyons, and Glanworth, from the time of their respective foundations ; how devoted they ever were to the call of duty, even when exposed to imprisonment or death. For more than six hundred and sixty years their succession amongst the people of Cork has never been interrupted, notwithstanding the persecutions to which they were subjected. But how is this fidelity and this marvellous steadfastness of purpose to be explained ? Simply by that bond of brotherhood, or golden chain, the precious links of which consist of their three vows to God and His representatives. These promises imposed no galling shackles, but rather a light yoke, freeing them from all worldly ties, and forming them into a solid phalanx, ever ready to do battle with the enemies of religion and humanity. It is true their weapons, though honour able, did not always meet with the world's approval. To this, however, they were quite indifferent, for their principles were not of the world, but of Christ their THE DOMINICANS. I 39 Master, who they did well to remember was always looked upon as a sign to be contradicted. Every friar preacher might with good reason have appro priated to himself that beautiful motto of Cardinal Newman, Cor ad cor loquitiir — " Heart speaks to heart " — for each had in view the same objects and professed the same obligations as his brethren. He therefore well understood the aspirations of those whose sole ambition was to have but "one heart and one soul." Being men of intellect and extensive knowledge, they only aimed at " Truth," the standard of their Order ; and recognizing that " Knowledge is power," they persevered in their undertakings, and boldly faced the attendant dang-ers, fully conscious that truth would in the end prevail. We must likewise remember their strong and undying attachment to the Irish people, whose prospects, temporal and spiritual, they had at heart ; nor turned they to right or left when the welfare of Ireland's sons and daughters was threatened, but rather endangered life itself in their efforts to save them from national degradation or hopeless despair. No wonder, then, that well-informed Protestants should defend them in their untiring exertions for Faith and Fatherland^the two objects with them uppermost, whether in distant lands or on their native soil. Whilst, then, the members of religious orders are now-a-days regarded by some with contempt and distrust, might they not at least be allowed to enjoy that liberty of conscience which is the universal claim I40 THE DOMINICAN.S. of this nineteenth century ? Should they commit a crime against society, let them, like others, be punished rigorously. But when they are despoiled of liberty and deemed unworthy to live amongst their own people, simply because they profess to observe what is clearly prescribed in the Gospel as the more perfect state, can lovers of justice and fair-play blame the regular clergy for complaining that they are treated in an ex ceptionally harsh manner in being excluded from the benefits conferred on their fellow-Catholics by the Emancipation Act of 1829 ? The regulars are still inscribed on the Statute Book as outlaws and felons. Are those opprobrious epithets never to be erased, or are they to remain as a stigma against a nation that more than any other in the world makes profession of liberty and justice ? Why should England, whose flag is thrown as a shield of protection over those subject to her sway, and whose cherished motto is Fiat fustitia, permit such a stain to disfigure her laws ? Were these odious statutes generously and speedily abolished, a new era of religious freedom would dawn for Catholics, as with their priests, regular as well as secular, they could in future serve God without fear of molestation from those who do not profess their faith or understand their cherished traditions. Jlppendix. Three Important Occurrences. ^O bring the account of the Cork Dominicans up to the present date, 1896, it is necessary to leave on record three important occur rences. The first was the election of the Very Rev. J. L. Hickey as Provincial. It took place in the Provincial Chapter held in St. Saviour's Priory, Dublin, on the 25th of April, 1896. Father Hickey having resided in Cork as Prior of St. Mary's or otherwise at various times, had become well known to the citizens, and won universal esteem. Before he was chosen Provincial he had been in Rome for a number of years as Prior of San Clemente, or Consultor of the Congre gation of the Council, and " Oualificator" of the Holy Office. In whatever position he occupied he was in variably held in the highest regard by all with whom he came into contact. The second occurrence was the expiration of the Very Rev. J. M. Moore's tenure of office as Prior. It terminated immediately after the Provincial Chapter. Only a short time elapsed when he was unanimously elected Prior of St. Mary's of the Rosary, Tallaght, 142 THE DOMINICANS OF county Dublin. Father Moore, on his departure from Cork, left behind him the most enduring sentiments of affection and regard on the part of the inmates of St. Mary's Priory, and a host of others outside the community. He was succeeded in St. Mary's by the Very Rev. M. A. Keane, who was installed in his office on the 20th of June, to the great pleasure of the Dominicans, who hailed his arrival amongst them. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 143 List of Deaths. A list of deaths drawn up by Father B. T. Russell was found in one of his manuscript books, and as it comprises most of the time spent by the Dominicans either in Old Friary Lane or Dominick Street, the writer inserts it here : — Obits. — St. Mary's, Cork. Father Master Dominic Morrogh, whose signature is attached to the " approbation " of " De Burgo," Hib. Dom., as "Theol. Magr.," died April 20th, 1759. The second whose " approbation " is attached being Father "Joannes Franciscus Netterville, Ordinis Prsedicatorum, S. Theologice Magister" [year not given]. Father Master Daniel O'Brien, 1780. Father John O'Mahony (Trinity Sunday) June 3rd, 1787. Father William Lonergan, August 15th, 1787. Father Lewis Walshe, P.G., January loth, 1792. Father William Hanly, P.O., January 28th, 1793. Father Michael Mead, p.g., June ist, 1798. Father Master John Sheahan, April 5th, 1800. Father Master Antony Conway, August 3rd, 1802. Father Richard Roche, Sse. Thesse. Prses., September 6th, 1805. Father Eugene McCrohan, P.O., June 26th, 181 1. Father Patrick Lonergan, October 8th, 1819. Father Master Denis Dean, June i8th, 1827. (From Directories of various dates ) Father Master John Nugent, 1820. Father P. J. Robert O'Connel, 1837. Very Rev. Patrick Hyacinth O'Loughlin, P.G., June 23rd, 1837. Very Rev. John Lewis Savage. Father Bartholomew Hyacinth Power, died in Australia, August 6th, 1864. 144 THE DOMINICANS OE The following personal memorandum addressed to his brethren, and likewise in Father Russell's hand writing, was subjoined to the list of obits. : — Amongst our benefactors remember in th& suffrages of the Order Mary Letitia B , Sister of Charity, who died in St. Vincent's Hospital, and was buried in the Sisters' Cemetery, Donnybrook. Recall again and again her holy life and liberality towards our Convent of St. Mary's, Cork. Amongst our friends of the secular clergy remember especially the Very Rev. Michael O. Sullivan, founder and vicar-general of the Vincentian Congre gation of Missions in Cork. The Rev. Maurice Walsh, p.p., of the Ovens, diocese of Cork. The Rev. John Crowe, p.p., Carrigaline.(96) (96) Many others should be held in grateful remembrance as benefactors by the Dominicans of Cork. CORK CITV AND COUNTY. 145 Letter of invitation received by Father Leahy to be PRESENT AT THE SynOD OF THURLES. ' The Very Rev. John Pius Leahy, provincial of the Dominican Order in Ireland, received the following document, printed in Latin, from the Most Rev. Dr. Paul Cullen, then archbishop of Armagh, on the 8th of August, 1850. A faithful translation of it is here given : — " Paul, by the grace of God and the favour of the Apostolic See, archbishop of Armagh, primate of Ali Ireland, delegate of the Apostolic See, etc. To our most illustrious and reverend brethren, the archbishops and bishops of Ireland, and all others who are bound to attend the National Synod, greeting in the Lord. By our other letters, published on the thirtieth day of May, we summoned the Plenary Synod of Ireland, to be held at Thurles on the fifteenth day of August, the feast of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. As, however, for grave reasons, it cannot be celebrated on the appointed day, by the same authority with which we convoked it, we defer and adjourn it to the twenty-second of the same month of August. On that day, therefore, we ask and require in the Lord all archbishops and bishops and others obliged to attend, to assemble in the same city on the aforesaid twenty-second day of August, in order to inaugurate the Synod with becoming solemnity. Meanwhile, we earnestly desire that God be again and again implored to deign to infuse into our minds the spirit of His wisdom, so that by His divine assistance we may be able to accomplish by fitting means those things which are right and avoid all evils. Given at Drogheda, on the sixth day of August, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty. N.B. — A preliminary meeting will be held on the twenty-first." The Very Rev. Mr. Leahy. 146 THE DOMINICANS OF Memorial of the Regulars of Ireland addressed to Members of both Houses of Parliament, April, 1829. Drawn up by Rev. John P. Leahy, o.s.d., afterwards Bishop of Dromore. {See page 64.) To the Wisdom of the Members of both Houses of Parliament, the following considerations are respectfully submitted on behalf of the Regular Clergy professing the Roman Catholic Religion in Ireland. This small and unprotected portion of his Majesty's subjects have learned that a Bill is now in progress through Parliament containing clauses intended for their gradual but certain extinc tion. Conscious of their own innocence, they most humbly deprecate a measure injurious to their reputation, and, in their humble opinion, wholly unmerited. 1st. They have taken the Oath of Allegiance, and exerted themselves to disseminate, as widely as their influence extended, the principles of loyalty and good morals. One of their brethren (Arthur O'Leary) was the first to vindicate that Oath of Alle giance, and at a time when the French, then at war with this country, were presumed to be landed in this Kingdom, he, by the force, frequency, and eloquence of his Addresses, confirmed the Common People in their allegiance, and attached them un alterably to the Throne. In thus discharging his duty, he only went before, but scarcely surpassed in zeal his less gifted Brethren. 2nd. In the year 1756, when a motion, unfavourable to the Regular Clergy, was made in the Irish House of Commons, the generahty of the Kingdom thought it cruel to harass or oppress them. In the year 1782 a similar motion was attended with a like result. These humble men of retired habits, therefore, trust that in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, when CORK CITY AND COUNTY. I47 the spirit of toleration has gained such universal ascendancy, illiberal enactments, which were rejected at a less enlightened period, will not be adopted. Even in the Turkish dominions, at Constantinople, Jerusalem, and other places, the Religious Orders, now threatened with proscription in Ireland, are tolerated. 3rd. In the Regular Institutes, as existing in this country, there is nothing, it is presumed, which would seem to call for their destruction. The Members of these Institutes, like the other Roman Catholic Clergy, derive their subsistence from the voluntary contributions of the faithful, and their slender income is given in exchange for the necessaries of life. They are governed by a Superior of their own Body, who is always a native of this kingdom, and the most conspicuous among them for his prudence, learning, and piety. He has the power of cor rection ; and, in case of omission on his part, that power devolves to the Bishop, without whose licence Regular or Secular Clergy men do not preach or perform any Ministerial Function. Thus, their internal economy relates only to their private conduct, whilst their pubhc ministry, subject to the same inspection, cor rection, or control, as that of the Secular Clergy, is employed to promote the order of Society, to inculcate the principles of Morality, and in numberless instances, to bestow an excellent and gratuitous education on the poor. 4th. Should any illustrious Member imagine that their sup pression is acceptable to the Catholic Laity, they most humbly request a supension of judgment until they can produce proofs to the contrary. The opinion of a few, if any there be, cannot counterbalance the voice of milhons ; and a body of men expect from the Wisdom of the Legislature the justice which a single Judge would not refuse a Culprit, namely, that of being heard in his defence before sentence is passed. To prove that they have not deserved punishment, they refer with gratitude to the Peti tions to be presented to Parliament in their favour by those best acquainted vvith their conduct. 5th. The prospective nature of the clauses affecting Regulars in the Roman Catholic Relief Bill would appear to imply, either 148 THE DOMINICANS OF that the liberty which a Roman Catholic inherits from the Gospel, of serving God in the manner he deems most conform able to his conscience, should be restrained ; or that the prin ciples and institutions of the Regular Clergy of the Kingdom are subversive of the peace and order of society. If upon examina tion the latter can be discovered, immediate punishment, not indulgence, should be awarded them. 6th. Nor do the reasons alleged for their extinction appear well founded. Those adduced by a Right Honorable Member of the House of Commons on moving for a Committee, were (as is most respectfully submitted) altogether groundless, and must have originated in a misconception of Religious Institutions, or in impressions, resulting from insidious misrepresentations ; for, It is not correct to state, "that they owe no allegiance, save to a Foreign Superior," because they know, and are con vinced, that their Religious Obedience does not in the slightest degree conflict or interfere with that full and per fect allegiance which, confirmed by oath, they owe and pay only to His Most Gracious Majesty, King George IV. It is not correct to state, " that they are unnecessary to the free exercise of the Roman Catholic Religion." That Religion contemplates the practice of certain virtues, confirmed by Vow, as tending to the greatest perfection of a Christian life, and where the making of such Vows is prohibited under penalties, now inflicted only on Felons, the exercise of that religion cannot be free. It is not correct to state, "that the Suppression of Regular Orders has been called for by the Protestant portion of the Nation." The Bishops of England have not demanded it ; neither have the Bishops of Ireland. No such enactment has been required in a single Petition presented on behalf of any of the Universities. Such demands may have been made, but they have proceeded from persons unacquainted with the nature and character of Religious Institutions, and were founded on groundless prejudices. Do they deserve the attention of a statesman ? The very places from which CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 149 Petitions against the Regulars proceeded were precisely those in which not a single Regular existed. Their destruc tion was not required by Lancashire, Dublin, or Cork, dis tricts wherein the Regular Clergymen are most numerous. They, therefore, confidently hope that Honorable Members will not suffer an unoffending Body to be most grievously injured and finally destroyed, merely to dissipate the mis conceptions of uninformed men. It is not correct to state, that the clauses referred to " will not affect the present Members of Regular Orders.'' A certain number in each House is necessary to perform the clerical duties therein established ; should the number be diminished the religious wants of the Public will not be supplied, nor the surviving Members of the Institution be furnished vvith support ; thus would these latter be destined to suffer more than the ordinary infirmities and helplessness of old age. 7th. In conclusion, they respectfully call your attention to the impolicy of embodying in a Relief Bill, framed for the express purpose of producing general satisfaction, the severe penalties consequent on a misdemeanour, and these to be inflicted on per sons whose only crime would be that of serving God in the best manner their consciences might dictate. Is this the freedom we deem our birthright ? Or is it justice to stigmatise a body of men without affording to them the means of vindicating their conduct ? or to punish as criminals freeborn subjects whose loyalty and allegiance stand unimpeachable and unimpeached ? The Regular Clergy professing the Roman Catholic Religion in Ireland cannot cease to hope that the Senators and Counsellors of a most Gracious King, in a free country, will not sanction clauses so uncalled for, so impolitic, and so severe. I50 THE DOMINICANS OF Important Charge Concerning the Catholic Religious Communities, delivered in the Rolls Court, Dublin, on the 3rd of november, 1 864. Javies Pickaj'd Simms, petitioner ; fere7?iiah Quinlan and John Egan, Executors of Michael John Simms, deceased, and Bridget Simms, respondent ; and the Court of CJiancery Regula.iion Act, 18^0, sec. IS- Decision of Master of Rolls (drawn up and corrected by himself.) The Master of the Rolls proceeded to deliver judgment in this case, as follows : — A motion has been made in this case, on behalf of the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Russell, by way of appeal against the order of William Brooke, Esq., the Master in this matter, bearing date the 13th January, and signed 4th March, 1864; and a motion has also been made, by way of appeal against the said order, on behalf of the Rev. Thomas Conway. The petitioner, James Richard Simms, is the residuary legatee in the will of Michael John Simms ; the respondents, Jeremiah Quinlan and John Egan, are his executors. The ques tions which arise are — first, whether the bequest in the will of the testator, Michael John Simms (called by mistake Matthew James Simms in the Master's order), to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew T. Russell, and the bequest in the said will to the Rev. Thomas Conway, are void; secondly. If void, are they bequests for charitable purposes, and should they be carried out cy pres ? The part of the Master's order appealed from is as follows : — " Having regard to the statute of the loth George IV., c. 7 (the Roman Cathohc Relief Act), I declare the bequests in the will of the testator, Matthew James Simms, to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Rus sell ; and of .£500 to the Rev. Thomas Conway, as trustee for the benefit of the Order of the Dominican Friars respectively, null and void ; and being so void by the statute law, the sums CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 151 thereby bequeathed form part of the residuary fund of the said testator." The name Matthew James in the Master's order is a mistake for Michael John. I shall first consider the bequest to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Rus sell. The bequest is in these words : — " I bequeath .^500 to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Russell, of St. Saviour's Roman Catholic Church, Dublin, or the survivor of them, to be applied as they shall deem best for the mainten ance and education of two priests of the Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland." The petitioner, James Richard Simms (who was, as I have already stated, residuary legatee in the said will), filed his discharge on the 3rd March, 1863, to the charge of Jeremiah Quinlan and John Egan, the executors of the said will ; and the said discharge states, amongst other things, as follows : — " That by the will of the said Michael John Simms, the testator be queathed ^500 to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholo mew Thomas Russell, and the survivor of them, to be applied as they should deem best for the education and maintenance of two priests of the Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland ; and dis- chargeant, as residuary legatee of the said Michael John Simms, and interested as such in setting aside the said legacy, avers and charges that the said Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland [for the education and maintenance of two priests, of which order the said legacy is so bequeathed as aforesaid] is a religious order, community, or society of the Church of Rome, resident in the United Kingdom, and bound by monastic vows ; and dischargeant avers that said order consists either of persons who became and were admitted members thereof since the 23rd of April, 1829 [the date on which the Roman Catholic Relief Act came into operation], or who, being then members of the same, did not deliver to the clerk of the peace of the county where they were then residing the notice or statement required by the provisions of the statutes in that behalf; and dischargeant avers that the said order is an illegal society, and that the said sum of ^500 was bequeathed for the maintenance and benefit of said order, and for the education of priests to be members of the said order, 152 THE DOMINICANS OK and dischargeant therefore submits that the said legacy is void for illegality, and also for uncertainty." The said Rev. Robert White, by the name of Robert Augustin White, and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Russell, filed their charge on the 5th May, 1863, and submit to the court that the legacy bequeathed to them is not void on any of the grounds stated in the discharge of the petitioner, and their charge proceeds thus : — " These chargeants admit that they are members of the Order of Saint Dominic, and priests of that order, and that the Order of.Saint Dominic is an order of the Roman Catholic Church, bound by religious and monastic vows ; but chargeants altogether deny that the said order consists either of persons who became, and were admitted, members thereof since the 13th day of April, 1829 [this is the date of the Royal assent, but the act did not come into operation for ten days — i.e., until the 23rd of April, 1829], or who, being then members of the same did not deliver to the clerk of the peace for the county wherein they were then residing, the notice or statement required by the provisions of statute in that behalf, for chargeants say that they themselves were respectively members of the order prior to the 13th of April, 1829, and that each of them duly delivered to the clerk of the peace of the county of the city of Dublin, on or about the month of October, 1829, the notice or statement required by the 28th section of the statute of the loth George IV., c. 7, and the schedule annexed to the said act. And chargeants further say that there are in Ireland a considerable number of persons mem bers of the said order, who were members thereof before the passing of the said act, and who delivered to the clerks of the peace of their respective counties such notice or statement as by the said act required. And chargeants submit, as matter of law, that the said bequest to chargeants, upon the trust aforesaid, is not invalidated by the terms of the statute; and further, that even if the court should be of opinion that it would be illegal to apply the amount of the said bequest for the benefit of any members of the said order, becoming such after the passing of the said act, yet that is competent for chargeants legally to apply CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 153 the same for the benefit of the said members of the said order, who were such previous to the passing of the said act." The chargeants then submit that if the bequest was illegal, the amount ofthe legacy should be applied by the court, cy pres, for such legal charitable purposes as would most nearly approximate to the objects specified by the testator, and that if the bequest is illegal, a scheme should be settled by the court. A discharge has been filed by the petitioner to the charge of the said Rev. Robert White and the Rev. Bartholomew Thomas Russell, and the petitioner submits that the legacy to them is void, even though they should establish the statements therein by evidence. An affidavit was made by the petitioner in support of his state ments, which affidavit was filed on the 26th of June, 1863. I shall refer to that affidavit more particularly when considering the case of the legacy to the Rev. ,Mr. Conway. It has been con tended, on the part of the appellants (the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. B. T. Russell), that they are entitled under the will of the testator to apply the legacy of £^20 " as they shall deem best for the education and maintenance of two priests of the Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland," and that it would not be illegal to apply the .£500 to the education and maintenance of such priests of the order as were such at the passing of 10 George IV., c. 7, and who complied with the terms of the statute, and that therefore the legacy is valid. I am of opinion that that is not a reasonable construction of the bequest. The priests of the order who were so in 1829 were advanced in life at the date of the will (iSth November, 1861), which was thirty-two years after the passing of the statute, and I do not think that the testator can be presumed to have intended that the £^^00 should be applied exclusively, if at all, for the education of priests of the Order of Saint Dominic, who must, at the date of the will, have been between fifty and sixty years of age. If not, the bequest is void.(97) I do not, however, concur with the Master, who by his order states that the bequest is "void by the Statute Law"; and (97) Sir B. Read's case referred to in 4 Reports, 113. 154 THE DOAIINICANS OF the necessity of deciding whether the bequest is void as being contrary to the policy of the law, or void by the express terms of the statute, is that if a charitable bequest is void by the express enactment of a statute, the bequest cannot be carried out cy pres ; but if the bequest is void as being contrary to the policy of the law the bequest may, according to the weight of authority, be carried out cy pres. There is no provision in the statute of George IV., c. 7, making a bequest in favour of persons bound by monastic vows void. The 15th section of the 7 and 8 Vic, c. 97, contains the following proviso :— " Provided always that nothing herein mentioned shall be construed to render lawful any donation, devise, or bequest to or in favour of any religious order, com munity, or society of the Church of Rome bound by monastic or religious vows, prohibited by an act passed in the loth year of the reign of King George IV., entitled 'An Act for the Relief of his Majesty's Roman Catholic Subjects, to or in favour of any mem ber or members thereof.' " But it appears to me that the latter statute carried the matter no farther than the loth George IV., c. 7 ; and it was, I apprehend, only intended by the Charitable Bequests Act to exclude from its operation bequests void, as being contrary to the policy of the loth George IV. It is necessary, therefore, to consider (there being no express pro vision in the latter Act making a gift or bequest in favour of persons bound by monastic vows void) whether such bequest is void as against the policy of the statute. Previous to the Tolera tion Act dissent was neither recognised nor permitted. In the case of the King v. Larwood (Lord Raymond, p. 30), it is laid down that "time out of mind there was a discipline established in the Church of England which all persons were obliged to observe — by the canon law before the Reformation, and since the Reformation by the statutes of Edward VI. and Elizabeth ; so that the law took no notice of such persons as Dissenters before the act of the first William and Mary,'' the Toleration Act. Thus, previously to the Reformation every one was, or was supposed to be, a Roman Catholic ; and from the Act of Uniformity to the Toleration Act, every one was, or was sup- CORK CITY AND COUNTY. I 55 posed to be, a member of the Church of England or Ireland, dissent being only connived at, but not recognised by law. The Toleration Act, first William and Mary [English], and 6 Geo. I., c. 5 [Irish], to a certain extent recognised dissent, but excluded Roman Catholics from the benefit of the enactment. The Eng lish Act, 31 Geo. III., c. 32, and the Irish Act, 33 Geo. III., c. 21, sec. II, which provided ' that a Roman Catholic should not be subject to any penalty for not attending Divine service in the parish church, to a very limited extent gave toleration to the Roman Catholic Church.(9S) Prior to the Reformation gifts or bequests for the promotion of doctrines opposed to the Roman Catholic religion, or to support ministers not of the Roman Catholic Church, would have been void, as opposed to the then pohcy of the law. After the Reformation, and Act of Uniformity, gifts or bequests for the promotion of doctrines opposed to the theu Established religion, or for the support of Roman Catholic priests would have been void as contrary to the policy of the law. After the Toleration Act the law was altered as to Protes tant Dissenters. As to Roman Catholics, I shall have to consider the statutes relaxing the penal laws. While the penal laws were in force a gift for the maintenance of Roman Catholic priests was decided to be superstitious and invalid. (99) So a bequest to be applied to such purposes as the superioress of a convent or her successor should deem most expedient was held to be void.(i°o) So a bequest of legacies to several Roman Catholic establishments in foreign countries and in these kingdoms were held to be void — viz., to each superior for the time being of the Benedictine Monks of the Southern or Northern provinces [an establishment in England], to the English Black Nuns at Paris, to the estabhshment of the Benedictine Nuns at Cambray, to the English Benedictine Monks of in Lorraine ; to J. Bolton, for the maintenance of a Roman Catholic minister, for ever, were (98) Evans v. Cassidy, 11 Irish Equity Reports, 249-250. (99) Gates V. Jones, cited 2 Vernon, 266. (100) Smart v. Prujean, 6 Vesey, 567. 156 THE DOMINICANS OF held to be void.(ioO So in Cary v. Abbott, 7 Vesey, 490, decided in the year 1802, a bequest for the purpose of educating and bringing up poor children in the Roman Catholic faith, was held to be illegal — such bequest was void, as being contrary to the then policy of the law, and not by reason of any provision by statute making it void. Witlj regard to Protestant dissenters, prior to the Toleration Act, gifts in favour of their places of wor ship, ministers, or schools, vvere invalid, as being superstitious —that is, as tending to promote doctrines contrary to those of the Established rehgion.(io2) It is perfectly clear, therefore, in my opinion, that prior to the relaxation of the penal laws against Roman Catholics, the bequest in this case to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. B. T. Russell, to be applied as they shall deem best for the education and maintenance of two priests of the Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland, would have been invalid as contrary to the policy of the law. Although a bequest for the maintenance and education of two secular priests of the Roman Catholic Church would have been invalid prior to the relaxation of the penal laws, yet such bequest would now be valid, having regard to the provisions of the 10 Geo. IV., c. 7. The question, however, is whether the bequest to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. B. T. Russell, to be applied as they shall deem best for the education and maintenance of two priests of the Order of Saint Dominic in Ireland is valid, that order being bound by monastic vows, and the priests of the order being monks. Mr. Brewster has referred to several statutes prior to the 10 George IV., c. 7, to show what the policy of this law vvas as to the regular clergy, prior to the passing of that act ; and the enactment of the 9 William III., c. I ; 2 Anne, c. 3 ; 2 Anne, c. 7 ; 8 Anne, c. 3, sec. 16 and 31 ; 21 and 22 George III., c. 24, sec. 5, are important to establish what was the pohcy. Was that policy altered, so far as the regular clergy were concerned, by the 10 George IV., c. 7 ? (i°i) See De Garcia v. Lawson — Note to 4 Vesey, Jun. ,2-ad. edition, 433. (102) Tudor" s Law of Charitable Trusts, 20. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 157 The 28th section of that statute is as follows : — "And whereas Jesuits and members of other rehgious orders, communities, or societies of the Church of Rome, bound by monastic or religious vows, are resident within the United King dom, and it is expedient to make provision for the gradual suppression and final prohibition of the same therein ; be it there fore enacted, that every Jesuit and every member of any other religious order, community, or society of the Church of Rome, bound by monastic or religious vows, who at the time of the commencement of the act shall be within the United Kingdom, shall, within six calendar months after the commencement of this act, deliver to the clerk of the peace of the county or place where such person shall reside, or to his deputy, a notice or statement in the form and containing the particulars required to be set forth in the schedule of this act annexed; which notice or state ment such clerk of the peace or his deputy shall preserve and register amongst the records of such county or place, without any fee, and shall forthwith transmit a copy of such notice or statement to the Chief Secretary of the Lord Lieutenant, or other chief governor or governors of Ireland, if such person shall reside in Ireland, or if in Great Britain, to one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State ; and in case any person shall offend in the premises, he shall forfeit and pay to his Majesty, for every calendar month during which he shall remain in the United Kingdom without having delivered such notice or statement as is hereinbefore required, the sum of ^50." The 29th section is as follows : — " And be it further enacted, that if any Jesuit or member of any such religious order, com munity, or society as aforesaid, shall, after the commencement of this act, come into this realm, he shall be deemed and taken to be guilty of a misdemeanour, and being thereof lawfully con victed, shall be sentenced and ordered to be banished from the United Kingdom for the term of his natural life." The 33rd section enacts, " That in case any Jesuit or member of any such religious order, community, or society as aforesaid, shall, after the commencement of this act, within any part ot 158 THE DOAIINICANS OF the United Kingdom, admit any person to become a regular ecclesiastic, or brother, or member of any such religious order, community, or society, or be aiding or consenting thereto, or shall administer or cause to be administered, or be aiding or assisting in the administration or taking any oath, vow, or en gagement purporting or intended to bind the person taking the same to the rules, ordinances, or ceremonies of such rehgious order, community, or society, every person offending in the premises in England or Ireland shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and in Scotland shall be punished by fine and imprisonment. " 34. And be it further enacted, that in case any person shall, after the commencement of this act, within any part of this United Kingdom, be admitted or become a Jesuit, or brother or member of any other such rehgious order, community, or society as aforesaid, such person shall be deemed and taken to be guilty of misdemeanor, and being thereof lawfully convicted, shall be sentenced and ordered to be banished from the United Kingdom for the term of his natural life. "35. And be it further enacted, that in case any person sen tenced and ordered to be banished under the provisions of this act, shall not depart from the United Kingdom within thirty days after the pronouncing of such sentence and order, it shall be lawful for his Majesty to cause such person to be conveyed to such place out of the United Kingdom as his Majesty, by the advice of his Privy Council, shall direct. "36. And be it further enacted, that if any offender, who shall be so sentenced and ordered to be banished in manner aforesaid, shall, at the end of three calendar months from the time such sentence and order hath been pronounced, be at large within any part of the United Kingdom, without some lawful cause, every such offender being so at large as aforesaid, on being thereof lawfully convicted, shall be transported to such a place as shall be appointed by his Majesty for the term of his natural life.'' I am of opinion, having regard to the sections of the said statutes of the 10 George IV., c. 7, to which I have referred. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 1 59 that any bequest for the education and maintenance of regular priests of an order bound by monastic vows, who have become such since the passing of the statute, is invalid, being contrary to the policy of the law. There is, however, no express pro vision in the act making the bequest void. I have already stated that I do not consider it to be a reasonable construction of the bequest, and having regard to the date of the will (15th Novem ber, 1861) that it was to be apphed exclusively for the benefit of the monks who were such on the 23rd of April, 1829, the date on which the act came into operation. If not, the bequest was void.(i°3) If the bequest vvas void, as being contrary to the policy of the law, but not void by the express provision of the statute, the next question which arises is, whether the bequest should be carried out cy pres. That question is one of difficulty. If a bequest is void under the express provision of a statute it will not be carried out cy pres.(^°A) However, when there is a charitable bequest, which is invalid as being contrary to the policy of the law, the bequest is applied cy pres. In Cary v. Abbott, 7 Vesey, 490, the bequest there (which would now be valid) was for the purpose of bringing up poor children in the Roman Catholic religion. The bequest was decided to be illegal, being contrary to the then policy of the law. The Master of the Rolls (Sir W. Grant), in giving judgment, said ; — "The consequence of the disposition being void, if authority was out of the question, would be an intestacy ; that the gift, being so void, must be considered as no gift. But this is con tradicted by authorities without number. According to them, whenever a testator is disposed to be charitable, in his own way and upon his own principles, we are not to content ourselves with disappointing his intention if disapproved by us ; but we are to make him charitable in our way and upon our principles ; if once we discover in him any charitable intention, that is sup- (103) See Sir B. Read's case, referred to 4 Reports, 113. (104) I Jarmanon l¥ills,yd edition, 225; Tudor on Charitable Trusts. 90, 273 ; Middleton v. Cater, 4 B. C. C. 409 ; Chapman v. Brown, 6 Vesey, 404. l6o TFIE DOMINICANS OF posed to be so liberal as to take in objects not only within his intention, but wholly adverse to it, it is not for me to overturn the settled law and practice, according to which charitable be quests are void, as to one object, m.ay be appropriated to an other." So in Muggeridge v. Thackwell, 7 Vesey, 75, it was laid down by Lord Eldon that, where a gift denotes a charitable intention, but the object to which the exercise of it is applied is against the pohcy of the law (as in the case of a gift to superstitious uses), the court would lay hold of the charitable intention, and execute it for the purpose of establishing some charity agreeably to the law, in the room of that contrary to it. The case of the Attorney-General v. Vint, 3 De Gex and Smale, 704, appears to have been decided on the same principle. In Shelford on the Law of Mortmain and Charitable Uses, p. 99, itis thus laid down : — "When a devise is to a superstitious use made void by statute, or to a charity void by the statute 9 George II., c. 36, the land or fund will belong to the heir-at-law, or next of kin ; but where it is in itself a charity, but the mode in which it is to be applied cannot by the law of England take effect, as for promoting a religion contrary to that estabhshed by law, then the Crown, by sign-manual directed to the Attorney-General, may give orders to what charitable purpose it shall be applied." Mr. Shelford then referred to Cary v. Abbott, which I have cited, in which the court declared the bequest of the residue to be void, but directed it to be applied to such use as the king should appoint by sign-manual. The same direction was given where money was directed to be applied in teaching the Jewish Law.(io5) The question then arises, is the bequest to the Rev. R. White and the Rev. B. T. Russell a charitable bequest ? I apprehend that a bequest for the benefit of ministers of any denomination of Christians is a charitable bequest. (i°6) It is now necessary to advert to the ground upon which the Master has (103) Da Costa z;. De Paz, Ambler, 228 ; 2 Swanston, 487. De Garcia V. Lawson ; 4, Vesey, 433, 2nd edition ; I, Mer, 100. (106) I, Jarman on Wills, 193; Tudor on Charitable Trusts, p. 10 ; Shelford on tlie La-iv of Mortmain and Charitable Trusts, ed. 1836, p. "]},. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. l6l decided that the bequest to the Rev. Robert White and the Rev. B. T. Russell cannot be carried out cy pres. The Master re ferred to the passage of Lord Hardvvicke's judgment, in De Costa V, De Paz, Ambler, 288, that "When the devise is to a superstitious use, and made void by statute, or to a charity, and made void by the Statute of Mortmain, then it should belong to the heir-at-law or next of kin. But where it is in itself a charity, but the mode in which it is to be deposed is such that by the law of England it cannot take effect, as in the present case, pro moting a religion contrary to the Established one, then the Crown, by sign-manual directed to the Attorney-General, may give orders what charitable manner it shall be disposed." The Master's judgment then proceeds thus : — " That passage is badly expressed. What, no doubt, Lord Hardwicke said, and what he has always been understood to have meant (107) was to draw a distinction between a gift void by statute, and one which, offend ing against no statute, was forbidden by the lex non scripta." The Master then adds : — " As I shall have frequent occasion to refer to this distinction, it will be convenient to call it Lord Hardwicke's rule." The Master then refers to cases which, he considers, illustrate Lord Hardwicke's rule, as he understands it ; but which, with great respect to the Master, appear to me to be opposed to the interpretation he has put on Lord Hardwicke's words. — Gates v. Jones 2 Vernon is thus stated in the Report — " Gates V. Jones : case in the Exchequer, affirmed in the House of Lords, where a charity was given to maintain Popish priests applied to other uses by the king, and not to turn to the benefit of the heir.'' The Master refers to the argument of counsel in Cary v. Abbott, to show that that case "is not to be found." Sir W. Grant, however, acted upon it in Cary v. Abbott. If Gates V. Jones be correctly reported, it is an authority against the Master's view. A gift to maintain Roman Catholic priests was, of course, perfectly legal by the common law. Such be quest became illegal by the effect of the Act of Uniformity, and (107) See Lord Eldon's words, 7 Vesey, 46, 47, and Sir Wm. Grant's words, same volume, 495. II l62 THE DOMINICANS. the penal laws against the Roman Cathohcs. There was no express enactment making gifts for the maintenance of Roman Catholic priests void, but it was clearly contrary to the pohcy of the statute law under which the Protestant Church was esta bhshed. So in Cary v. Abbott, 7 , 590, the Vesey bequest was for the purpose of educating and bringing up poor children in the Roman Cathohc faith — that would have been a perfectly valid bequest by the common law when the Roman Catholic rehgion was the Established religion. It became invahd by the opera tion of the Act of Uniformity and the penal laws against Roman Catholics. But there was no express enactment against a bequest for the educating of poor children in the Roman Catholic faith. The bequest, however, was against the policy of the statute law, and therefore invahd, but the bequest, being a charit able bequest, was carried out cy pres. The case of Da Costa v. De Paz was, no doubt, the case of a bequest for advancing the Jewish religion, and would have been invalid prior to the Refor mation, as being contrary to the policy of the common law, but it was invalid as contrary to the policy of the statute law under which the Protestant religion had become the Established re ligion. So Lord Eldon laid down in Muggeridge v. Thackwell, that where a gift denotes a charitable intention, but the object to which the exercise of it is applied as against the policy of the law, as in the case of a gift to superstitious uses, the court would lay hold of the charitable intention and execute it for the purpose of estabhshing some charity agreeably to the law, in the room of that contrary to it. So the case of the Attorney-General v. Vint, 3 De Gex. v. Small, 704, is contrary to the view taken by the Master, as in that case the bequest was contrary to the policy of the statute law and not contrary to the policy of the common law. The result of the case appears to be this : — If a charitable gift or bequest is expressly made void by statute (as in case of the English Mortmain Act), the bequest will not be carried out cy pres. Secondly, if a charitable bequest is invalid, as bein^ contrary to the policy of the common law or statute law, it will in general be carried out cy pres. Thirdly, if the testator shews CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 163 an intention not of general charity, but to give to some particular institution in some particular place, and such intention cannot be carried out, the court will not hold that the gift is applicable to charity generally, it will fail altogether. Applying those principles to the appeal of the Rev. R. White and the Rev. B. T. Russell, I am of opinion that the bequest to the Rev. R. White and the Rev. B. T. Russell was a charitable bequest, but was invahd, being contrary to the policy of the 10 George IV., c. 7 ; but that it was not contrary to any express provision contained in that act. Secondly, being contrary to the policy of that act, the be quest is to be carried out cy pres. Thirdly, I am of opinion that the Wheatley Church case, and the decision of Lord Chancellor Blackburne in Carbery v. Cox, have no application to the be quest to the Rev. R. White and the Rev. B. T. Russell. Fourihly, the bequest should, in my opinion, be carried out under the sign- manual, and not by the court. The case of Muggeridge v. Thack well, I think, estabUshes that, although there is some conflict in the cases. The case of West v. Shuttleworth, 2 M. &¦ K., 698, and cases of that class, have no application. Lord Cottenham, in giving judgment, said, with respect to bequests for masses. that there was nothing of charity in their object. The intention was not to benefit the parish, or to support the chapel, but to secure a supposed benefit for the testatrix herself. With respect to the appeal by the Rev. Patrick Thomas Con way, the bequest to him was in these words : — " I bequeath .£500 to the Rev. Patrick Thomas Conway, of St. Mary's Priory, Cork, Roman Catholic clergyman." No trust appears on the will, but there was a secret trust disclosed to the Rev. Mr. Conway by the testator in his lifetime ; and if that trust was invalid the bequest is invalid.(io8) The discharge of the petitioner to the charge of the executors alleged that the Rev. Thomas Conway was a mem ber of the Order of Saint Dominic, and that is not denied ; and the said discharge further stated that the said legacy to the Rev. Thomas Conway was in trust for the sole use and benefit of the (:o8) Tee V. Ferris, 2 Kay Ss'J. 164 THE DOMINICANS OF members of the Order of Saint Dominic, and was void. The Rev. P. T. Conway, by his charge, states—" That chargeant has read that portion of the petitioner's discharge in this matter, which impeaches the said bequest to this chargeant on the ground that the said legacy vvas left to this chargeant upon trust, that he would take and apply same for the maintenance and support, or for the use and benefit of the members of the Order of Saint Dominic resident in the United Kingdom, and chargeant saith that no trust, save as hereinafter mentioned, was imposed upon chargeant in relation to the said bequest — that is to say, that he, the testator, had a conversation with chargeant, who informed him that he had bequeathed, or would bequeath, to chargeant the sum of .£500, and that the said sum was, or would be, so bequeathed to chargeant, to be applied in or towards the redemption of the rent to which the church in Cork with which this chargeant is connected was subject ; and char geant saith he does not remember the precise words used by the said testator, but they were to the above effect. And chargeant saith that the church vvith which chargeant, as a Roman Catholic clergyman, is connected, is the Roman Catholic church or chapel known as Saint Mary's Church, on Pope's Quay, in the city of Cork, and that the said church is held by certain clergymen as trustees thereof, subject to a yearly rent of ;^6o or thereabouts, and chargeant submits that the said trust for redeeming the said rent is a perfectly vahd trust, and that the petitioner is not en titled by law to have the said bequest to chargeant set aside." The petitioner has filed a discharge to the charge of the Rev. T. P. Conway, which states that— "With regard to the third and fourth paragraphs of said charge, petitioner refers to such proofs as to the truth of the statements therein as the said chargeant may make, and petitioner charges that the said church therein referred to is a church belonging to said Order of Dominican Monks, whereof the said chargeant is a member, and is main tained and kept by them and for their use and benefit as such members of the said order, and for the exercise of their calling and occupations as such members as aforesaid of said order, and CORK CITV AND COUNTY. 1 65 petitioner submits that the alleged trust for the redemption of the head rent of said church so used, attended, and occupied by the members of the said order, in the exercise of their calling as members of the said order, is one for their own use and benefit, and is therefore illegal, having regard to the constitution of the said order, as stated in petitioner's said former charge, and which, in order to avoid repetition, he begs may be taken as incorpor ated with this discharge, so far as the same relates to the said bequest." An affidavit has been made by Timothy Molony, Esq., Justice of the Peace, which states that the Roman Catholic church of Pope's Quay, in the city of Cork, to which the Rev. P. T. Conway is attached, is very largely frequented by the Cathohcs of Cork, and is one of the ordinary and principal places of Roman Catholic worship in said city. I am of opinion that the bequest to the Rev. P. T. Conway was invalid, as contrary to the policy of the loth George IV., c. 7. The church belongs to the Order of Dominican Monks, bound together by monastic -VOWS, and Rev. P. T. Conway is one of the members of the order, and the trust is for the redemption of the rent of their church. The fact that the Roman CathoUc inhabitants may be permitted to attend the church cannot vary the question. I am also of opinion, for the reasons I have stated, in reference to the appeal of the Rev. R. White and the Rev. B. T. Russell, that charitable bequests contrary to the pohcy of the statute law or the common law should in general be carried out cy pres. The question of difficulty in the case of the bequest to the Rev. Mr. Conway is whether the principle of the Wheatley Church case, and the case of Carbery v. Cox, governs the bequest. I entertain doubt as to the Wheatley Church case, but it has been recognised by Lord Chancellor Blackburne in Carbery v. Cox, and by the Lord Chancellor in Daly v. the Attorney-General.("9) I do not see any sound distinction between the bequests of Carbery v. Cox of an (109) The Master of the Rolls read the observations of the Lord Chancellor, in Daly v. the Attorney-General, nth Irish Chancery Reports, 45-46, in relation to the Wheatley Ch\irch case, and the decision of Lord Chancellor Blackburne in Carbery v. Cox. l66 THE DOMINICANS OF annuity to the monks of Mount Mellory, to be appropriated for the improvement of the chapel of Mellory, and the bequests to Mr. Conway which was in trust for the redemption of the rent of the chapel in Cork ot the monks of Saint Dominic. I am bound by those decisions, and so far as the bequest to the Rev. Mr. Conway is concerned, I shall therefore declare that the be quest to Mr. Conway is void, and that it cannot be carried out cy pres. The Master's order will, therefore, be affirmed as to the bequest to the Rev. Mr. Conway, but will be varied as to the be quest to the Rev. Mr. White and the Rev. Mr. Russell. I myself entertain an opinion that the cy pres doctrine in charity cases is contrary to common sense, and have never been able to under stand why the Court of Chancery is to make a will for a person which he did not himself make. This appears to have been Sir W. Grant's opinion according to his judgment in the case of Cary v. Abbot. The injustice was flagrant during the existence of the penal laws, when a bequest forthe maintenance of Roman Catholic priests might be applied to the maintenance of clergy men of the Established Church. This was what judges in former days called cy pres, and the principle was very justly commented upon by Mr. Scully, in his well-known work on the penal laws. At present there is little, if any, injustice in the application of the principle of cy pres, because in this case, for example, the bequest to the Rev. Mr. White and the Rev. Mr. Russell might, on the reasonable appUcation of the cy pres doctrine, be appUed to the maintenance and education of two secular priests. CORK aTY AND COUNTY. 167 The Religious Orders — The Penal Laws. Five months after the adverse judgment passed on the Dominicans by the Master of the Rolls, an article, which I here give, appeared in the Dublin Evening Post. It relates to a public meeting which was to be held in the Chamber of Commerce of Cork by the leading citizens. We perceive by our contemporary, the Examiner, that the citizens of Cork are to hold a pubhc meeting, pursuant to requisition, under the presidency of the Mayor, -to protest against the continuance of the penal law upon which the decision of all the Chancery tribunals, ending with the Court of Appeal, was founded in the case of Simms v, Quinlan. There , is nothing more repulsively characteristic of the still vigorous spirit of English intolerance than the grafting of penalties, full of its worst instincts, upon measures even of benefit and relief, as in the case of Emancipation. Against the application of those penalties, or any apparent submission or indifference to the pohcy which has dictated them, it is the duty of Catholics not only to protest but to resist. In the case of Simms v, Quinlan, the operation of the penal clauses of the Emancipation Act affect ing religious orders comes home to the door of the southern capital in a more especial manner, because it defeats the bounty of a Cork testator to a Cork community of the illustrious Order against which it has been enforced, and actually plunders, in the name of the law, a public institution which the people of Cork have endowed for their own spiritual service. Cork assembles to discharge its own immediate duty, and take the place of honour corresponding with the place of injury ; but the citizens of Cork should not be left without the zealous support and encouragement of their countrymen all over Ireland ; for, although the smart of this legislative iniquity by which the Fathers of St. Mary's have been divested of their property— 1 68 THE DOMINICANS OF or rather of the property which they adminitser for the public — is local just at present, the iniquity itself is universal, and should meet with universal protest and resistance. The Penal Laws versus the Dominican Fathers. A numerously attended meeting, called on a requisition to the Mayor, signed by most of our leading citizens, was held on April 25th, 1865, at one o'clock in the Chamber of Commerce, for the purpose of entering a formal protest against the continuance of the old penal law on which the Chancellor's.decision, depriving the Dominican Fathers of a bequest of £,yiO made to the Prior of St. Mary's for abating the rent of the church, was based. Amongst those present were — The Mayor, N. D. Murphy, m.p.; John Francis Maguire, m.p.; D. Leahy Arthur, j.p., d.l.; Martin Hayes, WiUiam McNamara, J. N. Murphy, Timothy Mahony, j.p.; the Rev. J. J. Canon Murphy, William Hayes, Francis Lyons, T.c; Maurice Murray, W. Galgey, Michael Sullivan, C. Cremen, John J. O'Connor, t.c; Frederick Lyons, Edward McNamara, N. J. Murphy, T. Scannell, t.c; Daniel Mulcahy, Bartholomew Daly, Robert Lambkin, James Dwyer, T.c; D. Sheehan, Daniel Donegan, J.P., aid. ; Nicholas Murphy, John Madden, Dr. Denis C. O'Connor, Daniel Finn, T.c; Sir W. Hackett, Thomas Hayes, M. Barry, professor Q.c.c. ; Daniel O'Sullivan, ex-high sheriff; J. W. Clery, j,P.; William J. Murphy, James J. O'Brien, D. McCarthy Mahony, C. Moynihau, John Hegarty, Patrick Hegarty, T.c; WiUiam Hegarty, ald. ; Daniel F. Leahy, J.P.; John Sullivan, John A. Hanrahan, sohcitor; Alexander McCarthy, j.p. ; Daniel McSwiney, Mark O'Brien, James McSwiney, William McSwiney, John George MacCarthy, solicitor ; Matthew O'Regan, Thomas Bresnan, John Hanrahan, W. O'Connell, David A. Nagle, Corns. Ahearne, R. Sutton, jun.; M. J. Collins, T.c; Denis O'Flynn, S. O'Hea Cussen, Denis Hickie, T.c; J. Slattery, Jas. O'Connor, T. McAuliffe, Anthony Murray, Dr. O'Flynn, Patrick Farrell, WilUam Scannell, Ed. O'Regan, A. McCarthy, town clerk ; Timothy Flynn, P. O'Sullivan, T.c ; John Hurley, Alderman Keller, Alexander Nichols, T. Barrett, t.c ; Edmund Burke D.L.; CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 169 Barry J. Sheehan, T,c ; Peter Pennington, David O'Meara, Dr. Bullen, jun.; Andrew Fitzgerald, Thomas Waters. J. O'Callaghan, Michael Carey, etc. On the motion of Mr. Maurice Murray, seconded by Mr. Patrick Hegarty, the chair vvas taken amidst applause by the Mayor. Messrs. E. McNamara, N. Murphy, F. Lyons, and T. Bresnan were appointed secretaries. The Mayor said he had convened this meeting to-day on a requisition signed by a very numerous and influential body, and in taking the chair he may say that he most heartily concurred in the obj'ects for which this meeting was assembled. He held that every man is equal, and that every man, no matter what his religious denomination may be, is entitled to whatever the law of the land gave him as well as he was, but he demanded for himself and his co-religionists that they also should be allowed equal rights to whatever the law of the land gave them. It is quite true that in past times the Catholics have laboured under many serious disabilities ; thanks to the Catholic Emanci pation Act many of these disabilities have been removed, but a few still remain in the statute book which ought to be at once removed from it. He was not going to say any thing about the disabilities under which they formerly laboured. With the past they had nothing to do. They could only look to the present. He was sure that in this matter there could be but one opinion. He was sure that if they were to take the opinion of all the citizens of Cork on the matter, irrespective of difference of religion, that, save some few fanatics, they would all agree in saying that this penal law, for such it was, should no longer degrade the statute book. They met there to ask Parliament for the relief of a most praiseworthy and noble community from a grievous and unjust statute. They were there to ask the Govern ment to remove from the statute book clauses which were in tended to satisfy a bigoted party, and which should certainly not in the middle of the enlightened nineteenth century any longer remain part of the laws of Great Britain. I70 THE DOMINICANS OF Mr. N. D. Murphy proposed the first resolution. He said — Mr. Mayor and gentlemen, the duty has devolved on me of proposing the first resolution. I wish most sincerely that, occupying the public position I now do, I had made it a duty of my earlier life to prepare myself for doing well and properly what I am now called on to do, namely, to propose an important resolution at a great public meeting. However that may be, I must take to myself that I am sincere, most sincere in wishing well to the object for which this meeting was called together, and I ask you, gentlemen, that with whatever want of ability I may speak to the resolution, that you will at any rate give me credit for perfect sincerity. I do not know, sir, that it will be necessary for me, or, indeed, for any person whose duty it will be to address you to-day, to urge on this meeting the adoption of this resolution by any very formidable array of arguments or great collection of facts. We are met here to-day because a great wrong has been done to a most useful religious community in this city. That honoured and respectable community has been put by the laws of this country into such a position that they are no longer entitled to receive whatever sums any citizen of Cork may in the free exercise of their judgment think proper to give them. But independently altogether of this, the most important part of the whole is that the Act of CathoUc Emancipation, the Act which its preamble stated itself to be an Act to relieve the Catholic subjects of her Majesty — this act of relief actually contained a clause which placed upon the statute book of the kingdom a penal statute against the priesthood, which had actually never before existed at aU, even in the worst days of the Penal Laws This clause was inserted by the statesman who passed the Emancipation Act as a kind of sop — a kind of tub to a whale — in order to satisfy the intolerance of those who would but for the introduction of this and similar clauses have opposed and perhaps succeeded in throwing out the bill. I venture to say that very few of the gentlemen assembled here to-day, very few of the people of this country, are aware that until the passing of the Emancipation Act this clause never existed. I say, sir, CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 171 that there is no reason whatever why this clause should not at once be aboUshed — no sound reason whatever that it should for a single session darken the pages of the statute book. As I have said that clause and the others were not opposed, in order not to imperil the bill, but they were introduced by the ministry and consented to by the Catholics on the full understanding that they were to remain a dead letter. Those clauses are not then at all, properly speaking, parts of the act of relief passed at the time. They vvere merely introduced to satisfy a feeling now happily passed away, and then immediate repeal vvas called for. The clause does not stand alone. I shall just read another clause, which enacts that if " any Jesuit or member of any such religious order shall after the passing of this Act come into the realm he shall be deemed guilty ot a misdemeanour, and shall he banished from the kingdom for the term of his natural life.'' Was this an enactment which ought to be allowed on the statute book? I say most decidedly it should not. There were comments made on this clause at the time, and it vvas said that Catholic countries also banished the Jesuits, and why should not England do the same thing. Now it would be all very well if the Catholic religion was on the same conditions in the countries where this had been done, as in England, but such was not the case. In these countries the Catholic religion was the religion of the State, the episcopal appointments were recognised, and there may be some show of reason for the claims made by the State to a right to banish the Jesuits ; but in England, where CathoUcity was merely tolerated, it was quite plain no such right could exist. The speaker then read an extract from a speech delivered during the debate on the Catholic question by Mr. Labouchere, and which set forth that as long as any persons behave themselves properly their religious opinions ought not be interfered with. He then continued to say — Such are the words of one of the ablest statesmen of the day, and I do not think it necessary to detain you any longer by any further remarks. I shall merely point out another matter, which is much of a similar nature with these objectionable 172 THE DOMINICANS OF clauses. Another clause introduced into the Emancipation Act, in order to soothe the prejudices of those who imagined that the country would be seriously injured by the passing of the Act, was a clause which enacted that your worship, or any other Catholic mayor, should not carry into a place of worship the insignia of your office. I really think one of those clauses is just as ridiculous as the other. I do not know, sir, whether it is quite correct to introduce to this meeting any matter except the one which we have actually come to determine, but I cannot help saying that this matter is only part of a greater question which our legislators will one day have to decide on, namely, the position of the Established Church in Ireland. There is no doubt that the very least that can be required by the people of Ireland, composing, as they do, four-fifths of the population of the country, is, at least, religious equality. I speak not of religious superiority, although in justice and right reason the population of any country is entitled to have as the religion of the State that in which the majority of its people believe. That question I am not about to enter on, but I repeat that to- religious equality at least the people of this country are entitled, and until the anomaly of an Established Church, professing a religion different from the majority of the people, is removed, the country can never either be prosperous or contented. The right hon. gentleman con cluded by referring to a speech delivered in 1864 by a man who certainly was no warm adherent of the Roman Catholic Church, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli, in which he recommends as the only cure for the condition of Ireland, " perfect religious and pohtical equality." He proposed the following resolution: — Resolved — "That the continuance of penal enactments against the persons and property of some of the most emirient, most useful, and most respected of the Catholic clergy of these kingdoms is a flagrant abuse and injustice, and a disgrace to civilization.'' Mr. D. F. Leahy seconded the resolution. He said that the thanks of the Catholic community at large were due to the Rev. Prior of ^t. Mary's for bringing this matter before the public. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 1 73 Everyone knew vvell that no one vvas more retiring than the reverend gentleman ; no man would be more sorry to have to enter a court of law, and for these very reasons the reverend gentleman deserved their most sincere thanks for contending in the manner he did against the attempts made to deprive his Order of the bequest left to them by a charitable fellow-citizen. Had not public attention been drawn to this matter by the courageous conduct of this reverend gentlemen, the disgraceful clause in question would have been allowed to remain unnoticed on the statute book. The resolution was then passed unanimously. Mr. Maguire, m.p., proposed the second resolution. He said — Mr. Mayor and gentlemen — Mr. Leahy has made a very pertinent, and, in my opinion, a most apposite remark. He has said that we, the Catholics of Cork, are deeply indebted to the Prior of St. Mary's for having formally brought this question under the notice of the Cathohcs of the empire. Now, it is not the first' time that the Catholics of Cork and of Ireland have been in debted to the Dominican Order. If any Catholic, interested in the records of his church, will only look back to the history of the country for the last three hundred years, he will find that by no one branch of the great religious Orders, which have been the pride and glory of his church, have greater services been done to the CathoUc faith and the followers of that faith than by that illustrious Order. At one time the Order of St. Dominic vvas great and powerful in Ireland. It had its seats of learning, possessed noble priories and convents, it enjoyed large revenues, and it had larger hearts to administer them for the service of religion and the benefit of God's poor. But when the hand of the spoiler was heavy upon them^when their sanctuaries were desecrated, when their roof trees were given to the torch, when they were scattered abroad and hunted through the land as felons — I ask did the Fathers of St. Dominic even then desert the country and desert their flocks ? If we seek for an answer to this query we shall find it in contemporary history — that the more eagerly were they sought to be driven from the country the more earnestly did they 174 THE DOMINICANS OF cling to the soil, and the more zealously did they strive to keep alive the spirit of the old faith in the breast of a down-trodden and persecuted race. Among the religious Orders of Ireland there was no greater zeal manifested or more sublime heroism displayed than by the noble followers of St. Dominic. We, then, not only owe a debt of gratitude to the venerated Prior of St. Mary's for his courage and determination in fighting a battle of principle on behalf of the Catholics of this city, but we, in common with our brethren throughout Ireland, owe a lasting obligation to the Order itself for the priceless services which it rendered to endangered faith in the worst hours of a blighting persecution. Mr. Murphy referred in his admirable address to that so-called measure of Catholic relief, the Emanci pation Act, and he has said, which is historically true, that Sir Robert Peel and the promoters of the measure were obliged to propitiate the rampant spirit of intolerance which offered the greatest obstacle to the passing ot any measure of relief. It is a most interesting thing for us Catholics of the present day to look back to the history and incidents of the great struggle, and we cannot do so without feeling a lively sense of gratitude — not to the Dominican Fathers who bled upon the scaffold or pined in the dungeon in defence of the faith, but to the gallant, though humble, frieze-coated peasants of Clare, who really broke the chains that had been forged in blood and fire nearly three hundred years before. It is a curious thing to consider the spirit in which the Emancipation Act was proposed, and what were the feelings of those who were its proposers. For instance, one of the statesmen who earnestly advised the English Government of that day to propose and carry a settlement of the Catholic claims, wrote an important and confidential letter, which had a good deal to do with the pushing on of the question, and which commenced in these words — " I must begin by premising that I hold in abhorrence the association, the agitators, the priests, and their religion." That was the expression of the inner mind of one who was still anxious that the Catholic claims should be adjusted, and that the CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 175 danger to which the existing state of things gave rise should be put an end to. That was written by the Marquess of Anglesey, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. It was by the awakened energy of the Catholic people of Ireland, it vvas mainly by the courage and self-devotion of the Catholic peasantry of Clare, that Emancipation was forced from one of the most unwilling Cabinets that ever attempted to deal with an unpalatable and obnoxious question. Sir Robert Peel was always averse, and on what he conceived to be great and even lofty principles of Protestant statesmanship, to conceding anything to the Catholic cause. The Duke of Wellington was just as averse. The great mass of the English people were in reahty opposed to a com prehensive settlement. And thus it was to the Catholic people of Ireland, led well and wisely by O'Connell, that the great boon of Emancipation was wrested from King, from Cabinet, from Church, and from Parliament. It was vvith the utmost difficulty that Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, and Lord Lyndhurst could obtain the sanction of the King to make even the slightest allusion to a possible settlement of the Catholic claims in the Royal Speech. And after Sir Robert Peel, as the spokesman of the Cabinet and the leader of the House of Commons, had given notice that he would, on the 5th of March, bring the motion referred to in the Speech before the House, he was informed that the King had withdrawn his consent to the proposal of any measure of relief. The Cabinet was practically broken up, and it was only at the last hour — in fact only a few hours before the motion was to be brought forward, that the King consented to allow, as he said, his ministers to " go on." At that time all Ireland was in a flame. The Catholics were eager and determined to be free from the last link of a galUng slavery that had lasted for centuries, and was illustrated by every description of persecution — confiscations, plunder, cruelty, and degradation. There was, on the other hand, a great amount of ultra-Protestant feeUng that could not be propitiated, and that imagined that all kinds of horrors were to be the result of freedom to their Cathohc brethren. I need not 176 THE DOMINICANS OF describe the state of things in England ; but looking back to these times, and judging of them by the light of the memoir left by Sir Robert Peel, as well as by other records, it must be clear that the ministers of that day had a work of the greatest and most critical difficulty to undertake ; and the wonder is how, in spite of the opposition of the King, the Church, the powerful Protestant or anti-Catholic party, and the lukewarmness of the Cabinet, Emancipation was carried as soon as it was. But if it has done good, and conferred a boon on Catholics generally, it has inflicted a positive wrong on those who now appeal to us for sympathy and protection. Mr. Leahy has said that he never knew that such provisions existed as have now started up into vicious activity. Why, sir, you have the statement of Dr. Russell to the effect that, when the representatives of the religious Orders were sent over to London to watch their imperilled interests, not only did the advocates and real friends of Emancipation assure them that the clauses in question, which were passed to pro pitiate the enemies to all Catholic claims, would remain a dead letter, but that the same was asserted by the promoters of the Bill — by the ministers themselves. In fact it was distinctly understood that they were to remain inoperative, and would never be put in force. But now you have seen how this slumbering iniquity has sprung into life. If we. Catholic lay men, stand here this day as freemen, emancipated, the equals of our Protestant brethren, there is one class not free, one class not emancipated, who still retain, clanking round them, fetters of the chain forged for our Catholic forefathers three hundred years since. It is our duty to protest against the continued existence of these iniquitous clauses. I do not hold out the delusive hope that they will be at once repealed ; but this is no reason why we should tamely endure their existence. If a wrong be done you, it is not because you cannot obtain immediate redress that you are not to proclaim that it is, as in this case, a wrong, an insult, and a grievance. But we have assembled here to-day for something more than the mere entering of a protest against obnoxious clauses of the Act of CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 177 Emancipation ; we have assembled for another purpose than to pay a merited compliment to one of the most meritorious and illustrious of the religious Orders of our country— we have met to free them from a pecuniary difficulty, we have met for the purpose of giving back to them what a CathoUc on his dying bed imagined he had a perfect right to bequeath to them, but which an unjust law took from them. A respectable Catholic citizen made a bequest to the Prior of St. Mary's. For what purpose ? To abate the rent of a church which belongs to every Catholic in the city. And if any purpose should have saved that bequest from the meshes of an iniquitous law, the purpose to which it was to be appUed should have done so ; but the Chancellor who administered the law administered it only according to its letter and spirit, and we Catholics say nothing against his interpretation of the law. The Dominican Fathers not only lost ;^Soo, but .^200 besides. Our first obligation to those gentlemen is to repay them the .£200 incurred in costs ; our next is to restore to them the .^500 of which the law, in our opinion, wrongfully deprived them. The Catholics of Cork are ready and willing to pay the entire £700, and they ought to do so as the most solemn and emphatic protest against a law which, passed under false pretences, is a disgrace to the statute book of a country calling itself free. The Dominican Fathers incurred these heavy costs in a contest of principle, and we are indebted to them for their courage and determination. After one or two other observations Mr. Maguire read the resolution, which is as follows : — Resolved — "That the recent decision against the venerated Prior of St. Mary's, showing that these penal enactments can still be enforced, and depriving a public church of the endowment which a fellow-citizen bequeathed to it, calls for a prompt and emphatic protest from the citizens of Cork," A "prompt" protest, gentlemen, we have given; but the "emphatic" protest remains to be recorded — recorded in the face of our feflow-citizens, in the face of our country, and in the face of the Imperial ParUament ; and that emphatic protest will 178 THE DOMINICANS OF be to lodge in the bank, to the credit of the Prior of St. Mary's, the sum of .£500, of which an iniquitous law deprived him, and the ^200 which he incurred in a spirit ahke of devotion to re hgion and liberty, for which devotion we now offer him our earnest thanks. I beg, sir, to propose the resolution. Mr. D. O'Sullivan seconded the resolution, and in doing so trusted that the Roman Catholics of Ireland would, by a unanimous effort, procure from the House of Commons the repeal of the clause under which an act of such injustice had been done. The resolution was passed unanimously. Mr. J. N. Murphy proposed the next resolution, and said that there was very little necessity for his adding anything to the valu able statements which were made by Mr. Maguire in the course of his eloquent address. He would commence by saying that all they asked for was that which he was sure every one of his fellow- citizens, whatever might be his religion, would be ready to con cede to them, namely, perfect equality, which he thought was a right that ought to be enjoyed by every citizen of this empire living peaceably and paying taxes. As to his Protestant fellow- citizens, he was happy to say that they would all admit the justice of this demand. The condition of Ireland had lately occupied a great deal of attention in the House of Commons and elsewhere in England, and there had been letters in the Times and in the other leading papers, in which it was stated that Ireland had nothing whatever to complain of. Now, the object for which they were obliged to meet to-day was a fact that showed that the statement that Ireland had nothing to complain of was erroneous. The Act, some of the clauses of which they now sought to have repealed, was the Emancipation Act — the loth George IV. On referring to that Act he found some very extraordinary clauses in it. In the 7th clause it was provided that all Jesuits and members of other rehgious Orders in Ireland should, within one month after the passing of the Act, send in their names to the Clerk of the Peace, and that if they did not do so they should be liable to a penalty of CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 179 ^50 a month for whatever time they should fail to comply with the Act. There was another clause which provided that if any Jesuits or members of other religious Orders came into Ireland after the passing of the Act they should be obliged to quit the country within thirty days for the remainder of their lives, and that if they did not do so they should be taken, tried, and banished for the term of their lives. Imme diately before the Emancipation Act was passed an influential deputation went from the city of Cork and waited on the Prime Minister (the Duke of Wellington) in London. The Right Rev. Dr. Leahy, the bishop of Dromore, who was a member of that deputation, told him (Mr. Murphy) that the Duke, when spoken to about these clauses, said that it was necessary to insert them to satisfy the prejudices of persons whose opposition would otherwise cause the entire rejection of the Act, but that those clauses would be nuU, and that they were always intended to remain so. They all knevv the circumstances under which the bequest in question was left. The late Mr. Simms left a bequest to the Fathers of St. Mary's, and the object for which the bequest was left was to decrease the rent of the chapel. The intention was a perfectly just one, and yet the law said that that intention was not to be carried out. It was pro mised, as he had said, by the Duke of Wellington and by all the members of the Cabinet that the clauses to which he had referred would not be carrried out, and yet here they found a gentleman who in order to invalidate the bequest, asked to have those clauses enforced. Now, Mr. Simms left the bequest to those pious and worthy clergymen, the Domini can Fathers of this city, for a laudable purpose, and yet under those clauses they were deprived of it. He did not mean to say that the Lord Chancellor did not decide properly, for he was sure that the Chancellor only did what he was bound to do, but the law stepped in and said that every bequest made to those pious gentlemen was invalid. If a member of the Jewish synagogue in Dublin left, in order to pay the rent of the synagogue, a sum of money to the clergyman l8o THE DOMINICANS OF conducting it the law could not interfere. He would not for a moment say that the Jews or any other body ought not to have perfect freedom, or that they should be in any way interfered with. He would say that all men should enjoy perfect equality, religious and political, but he would ask were three-fourths of the population of Ireland — were some four and a-half millions of people — not to enjoy the same privileges as three hundred and twenty-two Jews. Were not the Roman Catholics of Ireland to be placed on an equal footing as regarded religious and political freedom with these people ? Were they not to be in the same position, especially when the proportion in point of number vjas fourteen thousand to one ? He could not help asking was it just that Jews, who did not beUeve in the redemption of mankind by our Saviour, should be entitled to a right which was refused to the religion of a great people — the religion which, in common with all other Christian creeds, had as its fundamental principle the redemption of mankind by our Lord. He believed that the most important part of the meeting was the petition that it was intended to present to Parliament on this question. That petition being presented would be quickly followed by a motion, and when attention was drawn to the matter he ventured to assert that nine out of ten of the English members would support that motion. It would obtain the sup port of a party in England which was now a power in the State, and which in future times would be a greater power still — he meant the great Manchester party. It was to that party they had to look for the removal of the disabilities which still pressed on the Catholics of Ireland. He was sure that when their atten tion was pointed to the matter their full assistance would be granted, and that the clauses would be repealed. The question of the Protestant ascendancy, which now occupied so much attention, would receive the full consideration of the Manchester party, and to that party the Roman Catholics of Ireland and of England should look for being placed in a position of religious and political equality with their feUow-citizens. He felt that there was scarcely any necessity for him to make reference to CORK CITY AND COUNTY. l8l the services of the Dominican Order in this country in past times. Many of the priests of that Order suffered death when the penal laws were in full force in the cause of religion and charity. During those fearful times, when the penal laws were at their height, it was the law of the land that if any Jesuit or any member of a religious order was found in this country he should be hanged and quartered. They would find it stated in the Hibemia Dominicana that in those times numbers of the pious and zealous members of the Order suffered the last punishnjent of the law for nothing but for having preached the Gospel. The pious fathers of the Order now in this city had imitated the example of their predecesssors, and the citizens were bound to do everything in their power to support them. To do so the present meeting was called, and he believed that the case of Simms versus the Dominican Fathers, although it caused those gentlemen a good deal of present annoyance, would be in the end the means of removing from the statute book the last penal enactment against the Catholics of this country. Mr. Murphy then concluded by moving the following resolution :— Resolved — " That however deeply we might feel the wrong and insult if we were ourselves thus treated by law as only felons and out laws are treated, we feel far more deeply indignant that this wrong and insult should be inflicted on peaceful and holy clergymen, whose lives are ceaselessly devoted to works of charity and piety, against whom not one word of reproach has ever been said or written, and who are endeared to the whole Catholic community by priceless services rendered and the noblest example afforded." Mr. McCarthy said — Mr. Mayor and gentlemen, I beg to second the resolution so ably proposed by Mr. Murphy. It is not necessary that I should occupy your time with many comments. Indeed it is almost imposible to do so. O'Connell himself used to say, " Give me a difficult and doubtful case and I will argue about it for ten days if you like. Give me a perfectly clear case and I will find it difficult to argue about it for ten minutes." Now this is just one of those perfectly 1 82 THE DOMINICANS OF clear cases which it is alike almost unnecessary and almost impossible to argue about. The laws of the country find certain clergymen, our fellow-citizens, and it says to them, without why or wherefore — you are outlaws ! It is true you are associated only for purposes of charity and piety — to practise those sacred counsels which the Divine author of Christianity taught from the Sacred Mount — we care not, you are outlaws ! It is true that your fives are so absolutely blameless that not even calumny itself has a reproach to whisper. We care not — you are outlaws ! It is true that your lives are entirely blame less, but are spent in good works, and are endeared by priceless services rendered to every Catholic family in the community. We care not — you are outlaws ! You're outlaws — we will con fiscate the property which is as clearly yours as the property of any man here is his — nay, we have power to attack your persons, to say to you, you must not breathe your native air, or if you do we will give you a felon's shame and a felon's doom 1 Now, is there any man in this room, is there any man in this community, who has one single word to say in defence of such a law as this ? It is true that as to personal attacks the fathers are safe. There are two reasons for this. One reason is that no one would wish to enforce them, another, a plainer and a simpler reason, is, that they dared not be enforced. The Ministry that would attempt to enforce them would be attacked by all classes and parties and swept out of office in a week. Even as regards their property, it also is generally safe, and this is also for two reasons. One reason is, that by a simple arrangement the law may be evaded. Another and clearer reason is, that most men would rather sweep the streets or beg from door to door than to make use of a penal law to deprive venerable clergymen of what is as certainly and honestly theirs as my coat is mine. And who are they whom the law thus wrongs and insults ? We have many old civic families in Cork, but none older, none more respected, than the family of St. Dominic. For six hundred years and more their fathers have served our fathers. In olden CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 1 83 times the abbey of St. Mary's vvas the pride of Cork. It sent its doctors to the great councils of the Church. It sent prelates to rule not only Cork and Cloyne and Cashel, but Cologne and Mayence and Besangon. It offered its munificent hospitalities to native princes ; and when a Lord Lieutenant came to Cork it was at St. Mary's of the Isle he lodged. In the dark penal times they were ever true to us. A father of the convent, rather than tarnish by one stain the white robe of St. Dominic, submitted to be burned alive on the Rock of Cashel — a flaming beacon of the injustice of the time and of the indomitable heroism that conquered the injustice. In after days at the old friary in Friary Lane — in the more recent friary in Dominic Street — they brought the learning and talents that had won rare honours in foreign universities to minister to the wants of Cork. And in latter times who will say that they have uot been worthy of their Order and their predecessors ? Who does not feel any insult or injury to them as an injury and insult to himself? But the matter may be put on even broader grounds. We object to injustice because it is unjust. And if it so happened to-morrow that any body of Protestant clergymen, being men of blameless lives and spotless character, were banned by the law as the Dominican Fathers are banned, we would assemble then, as we have assembled to-day, to protest against the injustice with our persons, with our voices, with our purses, and with our hearts. Mr. McCarthy concluded by seconding the resolution. Mr. J. W. Clery proposed the next resolution, which was as follows : — Resolved — " That the Mayor, the secretaries, and the proposers and seconders of resolutions be constituted a committee to prepare a petition to Parliament for remedying this abuse, which petition shall be signed by the Mayor as chairman of this meeting, and be entrusted for presen tation to the members for the city, aided by Mr. Maguire, m.p." Dr. O'Connor seconded the resolution. He said that he had heard with great pleasure the many speeches delivered, and 18^ THE DOMINICANS OF observed that now, as ever, Corkmen were directed by the dictates of prudence and good sense. They were determined to obtain, by means strictly constitutional, the repeal of a very obnoxious clause, which in common with a few others disfigured a most useful Act. At the same time he thought that the Government were not to blame for the long continuance of these clauses on the statute books. They had been there now for nearly forty years, and yet the Government had never been asked to repeal them. It was then the Catholics of Ireland who were to blame. Mr. D. O'Flynn moved as an amendment that the members named in the resolution be requested to draw up a substantial resolution to bring before the House. There being no seconder to the amendment the original reso lution was passed unanimously. The Mayor was then moved from the chair, Mr. Maguire moved thereto, and a vote of thanks passed to his worship for his dignified conduct in the chair. Mr. W. Hegarty moved the following resolution : — Resolved — "That, as the best practical protest against the injustice which the law has inflicted on the P'athers of St. Mary's Church, n subscription list be now opened to make up the sum of ;^50o, of which the law has unjustly deprived them, together with the expenses incurred, and that the committee make arrangements for carrying out the collec tions." He said that there were a few facts connected with the present church and priory of St. Mary's which may not prove unin teresting to the meeting. The old church was, as many of them knew, a very small, uncomfortable structure, built in a narrow little street in the back part of the city. The Rev. Mr. RuSfeell succeeded, by great exertions, in erecting in place of the old church the noble building which was now an ornament to the city and a memorial to the pious munificence of the Catholics of Cork. The clergymen of St. Mary's had, however, to pay for this church a very heavy ground rent. In order to lessen or remove this heavy rent a worthy citizen of Cork left of his own CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 1 85 free will a large sum of money. Now the law intervened and it said to those pious clergymen, those men who did more to prevent vice from being prevalent in Cork than all the officers of the law — it said to those men, " You cannot receive this bequest." Such a law should never have existed, but as it did exist its repeal was imperatively called for. The Rev. Mr. Russell, not satisfied with having built a noble church, also erected a handsome priory, and when erecting the priory he sent for him (Mr. Hegarty), who was then chairman of the building committee, and said to him that there was a quantity of stone in the Corporation yard which he wanted for the building, and for which he offered to give ^^70. On mentioning the matter to Mr. A. Deane, who was on the committee, that gentleman said to give them to Father Russell for £p, los., and the elder Mr. Jameson said, in reply to a remark of his, that Father Russell deserved the stone twenty times better than did the Protestant clergyman who got the stones of the old Exchange to build the tower of St. Fin Barr's. This showed the spirit with which the Protestants of Cork regarded the Dominican brethren. The church of St. Mary's and the priory were both built, and into them were built many of the stones of the convent of St. Mary's of the Isle, destroyed by the hand of the spoiler centuries ago. The resolution was seconded by Mr. T. Hayes, and passed unanimously. A subscription Hst was then opened, and a large sum collected, after which the proceedings terminated. Our Lady of Youghal — " St. Mary of Graces." (Page ii8.) The Dominican historians, John 0'Heyn("°) and Dr. Burke, the Bishop of Ossory, otherwise Thomas de Burgo,("") tell us of the existence of the miraculous statue of the Blessed Virgin in the convent of Youghal. Dr. Burke makes mention of it in the fol lowing words : — " A most pious image of the ever Blessed Mother of God was formerly preserved in the sacred precincts of this convent, to which the faithful used to have recourse from all parts of Ireland, voti causa, that is, on account of a vow which they had made to do so. In the acts of the Most General Chapter, held in Rome, 1644, under the fifty-sixth Master-General of the Order, Thomas Turco, of Cremona, a decree is extant applying all the alms offered in honour of the most pious image of the Blessed Virgin of Youghal to the convent of that town, and ordering the Pro vincial not to dispose of them otherwise." About one hundred years before the time of Dr. Burke, Boullaye le Gouz, who was known by his contemporaries under the title of the " Catholic Traveller," on account of having visited most, if not all, the countries of the world, gives us, in a work which he published in 1653, descriptive of his travels, (no) Epilogus Chronologicus. (ill) Hibemia Dominicana, pp. 239, 272, 273. the dojiinicans. 187 a ver}- interesting account ofthe image of " the Virgin of God," as he expresses it, which had been venerated in the Dominican church of Youghal some years before his arrival in that town. The account is full of quaint- .^-^ ^^^f^ ^ f^^J^MrJBr *^ ^^^^vS"'^^^^^ ^ff3 s f^^?'~'!5.!,*"5i'*"!'*'* p m^^^S^T^^'^^fW •-^. '**^- Sieur Boullaye le Gouz. ness and expressions of simple piety. These are his words : — " In the convent of St. Dominic was the image of the Virgin of God, which had been formerly the object of the greatest devotion in Ireland. It arrived there (Youghal) in a miraculous 1 88 the DOMINICANS OF manner. The tide brought a piece of wood to the river's bank adjoining the town, and a number of fishermen wished to take it away, the wood being rare in this place, but they could not remove it. They harnessed ten horses for the purpose, without any effect. On its return the tide carried it towards the Dominican Convent, when two religious put it on their shoulders and placed it in the courtyard of the convent. The Father Superior during the night had a vision informing him that the image of our Lady, the Virgin of great power, was in this wood, and accordingly it was found in it. This is what is said about it by the Catholics, who up to the present have the greatest devotion towards it ; but the Dominicans, having been persecuted by the English settlers, have carried it elsewhere. "(112) We learn from Sir John Pope Hennessy, the late Governor of the Mauritius, in his book entitled Sir Walter Raleigh in Ireland'-^'''^^ — "That in 1586 the Dominican Friary, which had been built in Youghal by Thomas Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald in 1268, was granted to Raleigh. During his mayoralty of Y'oughal in 1587 he ordered or allowed the destruction of this fine building, the massive piers and broken arches of which still remain. Raleigh's agents in the demolition, according to a book(i'4) published in 1620, were unfortunate. 'An' Englishman breaking down the monastrie of S. Dominique's in Youghall fell dead from the toppe of the church, all his limmes being broken, a.d. 1587. Also three soldiers who did caste downe and burne the holy roode of that monastrie died within one seanight after they had done it.' " (112) x^es Voyages et Observations du Sieur Boullaye le Gouz, P- 454- ("3) Page 63. (¦14) Theatre of Catholique and Protestant Religion, p. 124, quoted by the Rev. S. Hayman in his book on Youghal. CORK CITY AND COUNTY. 1 89 Sir John Pope Hennessy also says in his work on Raleigh(''s' — " The miraculous image of the Virgin, which made the monastery famous throughout Europe, was saved from Raleigh and his soldiers by the daughter of one of the Geraldines whom he had pursued." "From Raleigh's time to this," the same writer remarks, "there has been a perpetual succession of Dominican cus todians of the ruined abbey and the sacred image, the Rev. B. Russell, of Cork, being the present holder of that office (1883)." It is interesting to know that Father Russell was historiographev of the Hibemia Dominicana from 1832 till the time ofhis death, 1890. In the History of Cork by the Rev. C. B. Gibson, M.R.I.A., London, 1861 (p. 369) the following observa tions relative to this cherished image, as well as to that of S. Dominic, are made : — "The Dominican Friars were at one time possessed of two highly-prized relics — the image of S. Dominic and of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Matthew Cheyne, the Protestant Bishop of Cork, laid violent hands on the image of S. Dominic in 1578, and had it publicly burnt at the High Cross, to the great grief of the Irish of that place. The miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin is a carving in ivory, about three inches long, and a good deal worn and discoloured by time ; it is in the custody of the friars, pre served in a silver case." The Rev. Samuel Hayman, B.A., in his Notes and Records of the Ancient Religious Foundations of Youghal, 1855 (p. 47), refers to this statue in the following manner: — "The image of the Madonna and Child, for which this friary (I's) Page 64. I90 THE DOMINIQA-NS OF was famous, is of ItaUan workmanship of the fifteenth century. It is of carved ivory, about three inches high. Lady Honor Fitzgerald, of the Geraldine family, presented the Dominicans of Youghal with a silver gilt shrine("6) for the image when in their possession." In a note at the foot of the same page he says : — "This shrine and image (of Youghal) are beautifully illus trated in The Ulster Journal of ArchcEology, April, 1854." The illustrations are in connection with a most interesting article'"'^ concerning the image by the same writer, whom we have just quoted. It concludes with the following words : — " The writer's obligations are due to his gifted friend, Thomas Crofton Croker, f.s.a., for much kind assistance in procuring the illustrations of the shrine. He would offer his respectful thanks to Mrs. CoUins, daughter of the ' Roscoe ' of Cork, the late James Roche. To this lady's pencil the open front view of the shrine is to be attributed. He begs to acknowledge also the kindness of the Rev. Mr. Russell, Superior o.s.d., Dublin, and of the Rev. Mr. Carbery, of St. Mary's Priory, Cork, through whose permission the other drawings have been made. The whole are now, for the first time, given to the public.'' In order not to pass over anything which would tend to throw light on this cherished relic and its surroundings, I shall here, in conclusion, give an in teresting extract from the Historical and Descriptive Notices of the City of Cork, published in 1849, by John Windele. ("6) See illustration, page 119. ("7) This is one of two papers which are headed, "Relics of Antiquities at Youghal, County Cork," by the Rev. Samuel Hay raan, B.A. The other paper concerns "An Ancient Pectoral Cross found at Youghal in 1814." CORK CITy AND COUNTY. 19I Having dilated on the beauties of the then new church of St. Mary's, Pope's Quay, and also having given an account of " St. Mary's of the Isle," of some of its inmates, and its varying fortunes, he continues to say, at page 75 : — "After the year 1690 the work of eradicating was effectually executed, and for the next sixty or seventy years the brethren diminished in numbers, and cowering under the heaviness of persecution concealed themselves in the by-parts of the city. The last place of their sojourn, previously to their occupying their present convent on the hill of Shandon, was in Friary Lane, an obscure and narrow passage leading off from Shandon Street, where they congregated in concealment until the relaxation of the penal code. Of their splendid priory on the island not a vestige (118) now remains. The site was until lately occupied by a distillery (St. Dominic's distillery) and a brewery. Strange transformation ! The present convent is quite in keeping with the altered fortunes of the fraternity. It is a plain and undis tinguished building. Amongst its relics is the miraculous image ofthe blessed Virgin Mary, formerly belonging to the Dominican Convent at Youghal, and whereof mention is made in the acts of the General Chapter held in Rome in 1644." He then describes the image, and appears to agree with Mr. Crofton Croker as to the identity of" Onoria," the donor ofthe silver case in 1617, with the daughter of Sir James Desmond, who was killed in 1597. He closes his remarks about Dominick Street Friary by saying : — "As conventual records must be kept in every Dominican community, according to one of the constitutions of the Order (Rome, 1608), Bourke had great facihties in the compilation of (iiS) See note, page 2. 192 THE DOMINICANS. his work,(ii9) as historiographer. That office is now held by the Rev. Bartholomew Russell, of St. Mary's, Cork, a gentleman fully qualified, by his talents and industry, to fulfil its interest ing duties. In that capacity he now holds several of the MS. chronicles and documents formerly held by Bishop Bourke." ("9) Hibemia Dominicana. Tndex. .-V. Achilli, Apostate, 48 .-Vddress to Dr. Leahy, o.p , 56 .Address lo Thomas Bresnan, 98 Appeal, Public, for Funds, 106 .\rchitects — Atkins, W^illiam, 23 Deane, Kearns, Architect of St. Mary's Church, Cork, alluded to,* 25 Goldie, Mr., 41, 69, 123 Hurley, Jolm, 63 Hynes, Mr. , 97 Archi'I-ecture— Gothic Style, 31, 114 Italian Rennaisance, 76 Romanesque, 31 Archives of the Franciscan P'athers, Cork, 128 Australia, 62 Austria, 96 ArTIS'IS, ScULrTORS — Brennan, Mr., 100 Cahill, Mr. , 63 Hogan, Mr., 40, 63 Authors — Alemand, 131 Archdall, 4 BouUave le Gouz, 118, 121, 186, 187 Burke, Rev. T., o.p., 6 Campbell, 47 Crofton (iroker, 121, 122, 190, 191 Dante, title page Authors, contd. — De Burgo, o.p., 130 Downing, EUen, 21 Echard, o.p., 131 Gibson, Rev. C. B., ix., 3, 8, 122, 189 Harris, 131 Hayman, Rev. Samuel, 116, 117, 122, 188, 189, igo Longfellow, title page Mctiarthy, Denis Florence, 74 Madden, R. R., 65, 67 Moore, Thomas, 47 O'Heyne, o.P., 14, 131 Proctor, Adelaide A, 37, 52, 113 Roche Janies, 46, 121 Russell, Father, o.P., x, 47 Smith Charles, 113, 131, 132 Wadding O.S.F. , 128 Ware, 127, 131 B. Barry, .Standish, of Leamlara, 47 Benefactors, 144 Bequests Bill, Charitable, 19 Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Dominican Order — Blond, John le, 3 Burgo, Dominic de, 9 Carbery, James Joseph, 77, 78, 99 Corcagiensis, Joannes, 4 Flood, Patrick Vincent, 69, 89. 90, 91 French, Dr., 22 (ionin, Dr., 88 *The following inscription may be seen on a marble slab in the porch leading to the south aisle of St. Clary's, Pope's Quay ; — " The Dominican Community of Cork inscribe this stone in testimony of their gratitude to Kearns Deane, Esq,, Architect, who with une.xampled generosity and public spirit designed this building and directed the progress of its erection. 1832." 194 INDEX. Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Dominican Order, contd. — Griffiths, Dr., 46 Hyland, Thomas Raymond, 86, 87 Hynes, John, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40 Leahy John Pius, 55, 56, 60, 66, 92, 95. 96, 98, 99 McKelly, David, 2 O'Callaghan, Thomas Alphonsus, dedication, 60, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 92, 96, 102 O'Carroll, William Dominic, 64 O'Hurley, James, 8, 123 Oliffe, Dr., 47 O'Sullivan, Allan, 2, 3 Salua, Monsignor, 84 Slane, Philip de, 3 \\3.\\, Peter, 7 Zigliara, Cardinal, 100 Other Bishops and Ecclesiastical Dignitaries — Blake, Dr., 94 Browne, Dr. 101 Burgess, Dr., 80 Butler, Dr., S.J., 89 Colossus, Archbishop of, 39 Crolly, Dr., 22 Crotty, Dr., 22 Cullen, Dr. (Cardinal), 42, 55, 81 Delaney, Dr., 22, 23, 37, 41, 52, 55, 62, 71, 84 Dixon, Dr., 55 Egan, Dr., 22 Fitzgerald, Dr., 76 Foran, Dr., 22 Healy, Dr., 22 Hughes, Dr., o.s.f., 52 Kilduff, Dr., 55 Kinsella, Dr., 22 Kirby, Dr., 84 McCabe, Cardinal, 88 McCarthy, Florence, 52 Moriarty, Dr., 55 Moylan, Dr., 18, 19 Murphy, Dr., 22 Neville, Monsignor, 41 Newman, John II. (Cardinal), 48, 139 Other Bishops and Ecclesiastical Dignitaries, contd. — Notary Apostolic, 9 O'Brien, Dean, Founder y.m.s., 54 Patrizi, Cardinal, 38, 39 Plunket, Oliver, 10 Prefect of Propaganda (Cardinal), 55 Sheehan, R. A., 71 Simeoni, Cardinal, 84 Walsh, Richard, 17 Ballymaloe, 121 Birmingham Oratory, 48 Bishops, five consecrated, 54 Blackletter-Bible, 125 Bloomfield, Dublin, 53 Bonsheim, 126 Bornheim, 14 Boureman, William, 6 Bradshaw, Sister Mary Letitia, 144 Bresnan, Thomas, 97, 98 Brooke, William, 65, 150 Burgundy, 136 C. Canada, 81, 82 Cape of Good Hope, 46 Carlingford, loi Cashel, 9, 29 Castlelyons, Dominican House of, vn., 127, 138 CatalogueofConvents in Ireland, 132: Chalice of Youghal , 124, 125, 126 Champsey, 43 Chapter General of Milan, 4 Rome, 5, 8, 10, 120, 128 Intermediate (Middle) of Ireland, 8, 68 Provincial of Dublin, 128 Provincial of Newbridge, 49 Chapter of Athenry, 12 Chancery, Master of, 150 Christian Brothers' Schools, 90 Chronicler of St. Mary's Cork, 61 Churches — St. Finbarr's West, 41 P"ranciscan, 13 iNi>i-:.\. jys Claddagh, 84 Cloyne, 2, 19, 55, 121 Coleraine, Dominican Community of, 5 CoUins, Mrs., 120 Cologne, 4 Commissioners, Wide Street, 36 Commiltee of Butter .Merchants, 49 Committee of House of Lords, 16 Congregation of Indulgences,Sacred, Rome, 22, 37 Constitutions of the Dominican Order, new edition, 51 Contents, i,\. Cork, Convent and Church of, xiii. , I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, i3< 34, 3S> 36, 37, 39, 4°, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 55, 56, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 76, 86, 89, 97, 163 Coghlan, Rev. John (Ven. Arch deacon), 71, 102 Council General of Lyons, 3 Majesty's, 3 Privy, 10 Cromwell, 12 Cromwell's Cruelties, 12S Soldiers, 10 Usurpation, 11 Wars, II Crowe, Rev. John, P.P., 144 Custom House, Dublin, 38 D. Daly & Son, Builders, 97 Daly, Rev Father, P.P., 41 Day, Robert, j.p. , 126 Definition of the Immaculate Con ception, 64 Demerara, 64 DUlon, Captain Arthur, 11 " Dominic ofthe Rosary," 94 Donegan, Daniel, J.P. , 62 Droglieda, St. Catherine of Sienna, 54 Drogheda, St. -Mary Magdalen, 64 Dromore, 53, 55, 66, 92, 96 Druineagh, 11 Dublin, Convent of St. Saviour's, 38, 48, 49, 66, 67, 80, 141 Pro-Cathedral, 55 Ecclesiastics, Secular and Regular, whose names are attached lo Address presented to Dr. Leahy, o.P., 58 Egan, John, 150 Elphin, 10 Emancipation Acl, 19, 65, 90, 91, 140, 170 et seq. Encumbered Estates Court, 49 E\-enL of great importance, 5 F. I-'EAsrs — St. Athanasius of, 23 St. Luke of, 22 St. Patrick's Day, 47 Ferry, David, 4 Fitzgerald, John, 69 Franciscans, 130 French Revolution, 19 Friars Preachers, 600, and 43 Houses of, in Ireland, 10, 11 Friars Minors, 127, 128 Froude, James Anthony, 80 Gaeta, 42 Galgey, John, 112 Galway, 12, 79, 80, 82, 136 Galwey, Jolm Cr, 41 Garretstown, 10 Gibraltar, 52 Glanworth, Dominican House of, vii. Convent of the Holy Cross, 131, 133, 138 Grammar School, Cork, 59 Guild of St. Thomas Aquinas- Young Men's Society 63 196 INDEX. H. Hall, Edwin, 2 Hanoverian Succession, 15 Hegarty, James and Patrick, 62 Hegarty, Patrick, 100 Hegarty, William, 2, 62 Hibemia Dominicana, .xiv., 17, 46, 113, 120, 122, 130, 134, 181, 1 86, 192 Holy Cross Abbey, Tralee, 87, 88 Hospice of the Minerva, Rome, 49 House of Studies, 59, 61, 70 Hyland, O.S.F,, A'eiyRev. Clement, 86 I. Ilhistrations List of, xi. Inscription, Latin, on inner Shrine of the Statute of our Lady of Youghal, 121 J- Jandel's, Father, Letter to Commu nity of Sl. Mary's, Cork, 60 Jesuits, The, and Monastic Orders, 20 fournal, Cork, Historical and Arch- icological, vii. Ulster, of Archaology, 120 K. Kanturk, 11 Keller, Canon (Ven. Archdeacon), P.p., 102 Kerry, 55, 94 Kinsale, 9, 13 Languages, Hebrew and Greek, 50 Irish, 12 Leamlara, 47 Letter of the General of the Order, 60 Letter of Invitation to Synod of Thurles, 145 Limerick, Dominican Communil)- •of, 5, 63, 78, 79, n6 Lisbon, Irish CoUegeof Corpo Santn, 14, 18, 19,40,42,48, 54, 71, 72, 90, 92, 94 Lismore, MS. of, 116 List of Deaths, 143 Louvain, Holy Cross Convent, 13, iS, 19, 47, 114 Low Countries, 14 Lurgan, 96 Lyons, Thomas, J. P., 62 M. McCarthy, John G., 62 McCarthy, Michael, 16 , McMuUen, Barry, 69 Madras, 47 Madrid, Convent ofthe Most Blessed A'ii-gin of Athoca, at, 135 Mahony, "Timothy, J.P. , 62 Mansion House, Cork, 56 Mathew Father, 56 Aleeting, Important Public, 107 Memorable Document, 48 Memorial of the Regulars of Ireland addressed to Members of both Houses of Parliament, 146 -Metz, 43 Missions, 55 Mitchelstown, 19 JNlurphy, John Count, d.l., 62, 97 Murphy, Nicholas, 97, 107, 112 Alurphy, Nicholas Dan, 62 Murphy, Susan, 97 Murray, Maurice, D.L., 62 N. Nagle, Councillor Joseph, 18 Nagle, Nano, 18 Nancy, Lorraine, 47 Newry, 84, 89, 95, 96 New Shrine, the Statute of Our Lady of Youghal, 123 INDEX. 197 Newspapers — Cork Examiner, 23, 74 Cork Herald, 106 Irish Catholic, 84 Noi;iLn'V — Barry, David, 130 Barry, John, 127 Barry, PhiUp, Founder of "St. Marie's of t_he Isle," i Barrymore, Lord, 128, 130 Bourke, Sir William, 121, 122 Boyle, Richard, the First Lord Cork, 116, 130 Burgo, John de, 131 Clanricarde, Earl of, 9 Clare, Elizabeth de, 131 Desmond, Countess of, 121, 122 Desmond, E.irl of, T16, 122 Desmond, Sir James, 121, 122 Desmond, Sir J ohn, Drom-.ma, 1 22 Fitzgerald, Edmond, 121 Fitzgerald, Honoria, daughter of James, 121, 122 Filzgerald, John, 121 Fitzgerald, Maurice, 113 Fitzgerald, Thomas, 113 Geraldines, 114, 120 Here, Sir John, 122 Inchiquin, Earl of, 8, 13 James, the pretended Earl, 122 King. Sir John, 7 Lord President of }ilunster, 7 Mortimer, Edmond, 4 Roche, Raphael de la, 131 Segar, Sir William, 131 A'esey, William de, 114 Novitiate, Cork, 17, 61 English Province, So Irish, 80 O. O'Brien, John, 16 Observance, Regular, 45, 61 Observance, Congregation of Strict, 5 O'Callaghan, Michael, 123 O'Connell, Daniel, The Liberator, 22 O'Connor, Denis, M.D., 62 O'Connor, Dr., o.s.A., dd O'Sullivan, James, lOO O'Sullivan, Lawrence, 100 P. Palencia, Old Castille, 136 Papal Commission, 51 Papal Rescripts, 37, 39 Parliament, Act of, 14 Peel, Sir Robert, 66 Penal Laws versus Dominican Fathers — Meeting at Cham ber of Commerce, 167, 168 Perry Stephen, j.p. , 112 Piazzia di Spagna, Rome, 63 Pistoris, Nicholas, 126 Popes — Clement I.\'., 15 (Gregory XVI., 22, 38 Leo XIII., 76, 79, 100 Paul III., 5 Pius IV., 7 Pius IX., 25, 27, 28, 42, 63, 74, 75 Priests and Brethren ofthe Domi nican Order — Ancarani, Father, 44 Barrett, James, 15, 30 Barry, Richard, 9, 29 Barry, William, 13, 128 Bonello, Father, 59 Browne, John, 134 Burke, Nicholas Thomas, 6, 61, 79, 80, 81, 86 Butler, Lewis, 102 Buttaoni, Father, 44 Carbery James J, 42, 63, 69, 76, 77, no, 121, 122 Carroll, ^^'illiam Dominic, 64 Condon, Cornelius ITyacinth, 5o Conway, .\ntony, 143 Conway, Father, 19 Conway, Patrick Thomas, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 150 Costello, Father, 62 Dean, Denis, 143 Deely, James Thomas, 70 1198 INDEX. IPriests and Brethren of the Domi nican Order, conld — Dunn, Patrick, 25 Dwyer, James A., 88, 100, io8 Fitzgerald, John, 17 Fitzgerald, Joseph Dominic, 64 Filzgerald, Thomas, 11 Fleming, Walter, 14 Flood, P. v., 69 Flynn, James, 122 Friihwirth, Father, 96 Gibbon, Gerald, 134 Hanly, \\'illiam, 143 Harold Wilham \'., 38, 53 Hennessy, Peter, 136 Hickey, Joseph Lewis, 70, 71, 141 Houghlahan, Dominic, 122 Howard, Father, 108 Ilylan, Thomas, 17 Hyland, Thomas Raymond, 61, 69, 71 Jandel, Alexander Vincent, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 6°, 61, 64, 69, 70, 76, 80 Keane, M. A., 142 Kent,. Richard, 12 Lacordaire, Pere, 43, 44 Larocca, Joseph, 76, 96 Leahy, John Pius, 35, 38, 42, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 145 Littleton, Janies, .100 Loghlin, Thomas7 16 Lonergan, Patrick, 143 Lonergan, William, 18, 143 Lynch, John, 17, 18 JlcCarthy, Peter, 16 McCroghan, Eugene, 143 McCurlin, Dominic, 17 McDonnell, Daniel, 15 ilcGowan, Augustine Mathew, 100 Maguire, Eustace, 11, 29 Masterson, Father, 108 ?»Iead, Michael, 143 Moore, James Michael, loi, 102, 141, 142 Moore, Matthias Gabriel, loi Moral, Maurice, 4 Morrogh, Dominic, 17, 18, 143 Priesis and Brethren of the Domi nican Order, contd, — Morrogh, John, 14, 29 Mullins, Patrick Thomas, 68 Mullooly, Joseph, 70, 84 Netterville", John Francis, 143 Nugent, Dr., 19, 47 Nugent, John, 143 O'Brian, 'John, 136 O'Brien, Daniel, 143 O'Brien, Daniel Albert, 17 O'Cahill, /Eneas Ambrose, 10, 29 O'Callaghan Father,, 69 O'Carroll, W. D., 64 O'Connell, P. J. Roberl, 143 O'Connor, .Vmbrose, 15 O'Connor, John 35, 41, 62 O'Cuiffe, Constantius, 128 O'Daly, Dominic, 94 O'Fahadh, Raymond, 117 O'Garavain, Constantine, 134, 136 O'Garavain, Father, and his brother, 136, 137 O'Garavain, Peter, 14 O'Henny, James, 117 O'Heyn, John, 14, II7, 12S, 134, 136, 137, 186 O'Kane, Father, 108 O'Keeffe, Constantine, 12 O'Kelly, Thomas, 122 O'Loughlin, Patrick Hyacinth, 143 O'Mahony, John, 18, 143 O'Morrogh, John, 8, 14, 29 O'Regan, John, 12 O'Ronain, Dominic, 117 Palmeggiani, P'ather, 44 Power, Bartholomew Hyacinth, 48, 62 Quinn, Father, 108 Roche, Aaron L., 35 Roche, David, 132 Roche, Theobald, 134 Roche, Richard, 47 Russell, Bartholomew Thomas, x, 2- 25, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 55, 60,65,67,69,70,90,91, 92, 93, 99. "0, 121, 125, 150, 189 IN HEX. 199 Priests and Brethren of the Domi nican Order, contd, — Ryan, John A., 35, 38, 52, 53, 54 San Vito, Joseph Maria, 70 Savage, John Lewis, 143 Scanlan, Richard Dominic, 68 Sheahan, John, 143 Sheehan, John, 19, 47 Towers, John Thomas, 88 Walshe, Lewis, 143 Walsh, Dominic, 17 Walsh, Father, 108 Walsh, Nicholas, 17 White, Robert Augustine, 45, 46, 48, 49, 63, 65, 150 Willard, John Thomas, 42, 62, 64, 89 Philadelphia, 54 Philippi, Nicolas, 126 Poor Clares, 95 Portico, St. Mary's, Cork, 63, 75 Presentation Monastery and .Schools, 18 Priory, Pope's Quay, Cork, 2, 49, 56 Privy Council, 10 Propaganda, 54 Protest of ^'ery Rev. B. T. Russell, 65 Provincial of England, 5 Provincial of Ireland, 12 Public Meeting in Chamber of Com merce, Cork, 68 (,)uercia La, "The Oak," Sanctuary ofthe Madonna, near^'iterbo, 44 (Quinlan, Jeremiah, 64, 150 (Queenstown, 80 R. Raleigh, WaUer, ii-6 Raphoe, 55 Regicides, 29 Registry of Dominicans of Ireland, Registry, Heraldic, of London, 131 Regulars, 11, 12, 20, 2i, 68 Rehef Bill, 20 Remhardi, Mark,' 126 Revision of the Worksof St. Thomas, 100 Roche, Alfred, Illustrations by, 115, 119, 129, 133, 135 Roche, James, 46, 120, 121 Rock of Cashel, 2, 9, 29 Rolls, Master of the — Important Charge, 64, 65, 150 Rolls, Patent, 116 Rome, %, 42, 44, 60, 70, 77, 78, 83, 84, 88, 101 Rostrevor, 96 Rotterdam, 47 Royal Personages — Charles II., 11 Edward I., 131 Edward II., 3 Edward HI., 3 Elizabeth, 7 Henry VIIL, 2, 5, 6, 116 James I., 7 James II., 13, 123, 128-, 130 Victoria, 23, 25 William III., Prince of Orange, 7, 13 Royal Treasury, 3 S, Sacred Palace, Rome, 44 San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, 44 Santa Prassede, Rome, 40 See of Cashel, 2 Cork, 17, 52 Cloyne, 19 Hamilton, Canada, 78, 79, 121 Seminaire Petit, Pont de Mousson, 43 Seminary, Ecclesiastical, 19 .Seminary, Navan, 78 Sheyne, Matthew, Protestant Bishop, Cork, 7, 189 Simms, James Richard, 64, 150 Simms, Michael John, 65, 150 200 INDEX. Sisters of Mercy, 95 Sligo, Dominican House, 114 Society of Jesus, 44 Society of St. Vincent de Paul, 97 .Society, Young Men's, 54, 56, 63 Sodality of Holy Name, 98 Solemn Triduum, .St. Mary's, Cork, 103 .Spain, 15 Strasburgh, 126 St. Agnes, 38 St. Catherine, Dominican Church and Priory of, Newry, 96 St. Dominic, title page, i, 51, 103 St. Francis of Assysium, 92 St. Ignatius, Exiled Sons of, 33 Sl. Mary's Collegiate Church, Youghal, 114 St. Mary's of the Isle, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 26, 30, 47 St. Mary of Graces, Milan, 123 St. Paul, 51 St. Severus, 37, 38 St. Thomas, 50, 63, 71 St. Timothy, 51 Synod of Leinster, 55 Synod of JIaynooth, 73 Synod, National, 'Thurles, 42, 94, 145 Tallaght, St. Mary's, 61, f 83, 86, 141 Thickpenny, John, n6 Thurles, 42, 94 Toulouse, 13 Tralee, 55, 87, 114 5,81, 82, Trinidad, 61, 64, 69, 88, 89 Twomey, Richard, 112 U. United Slates, 64, 80 V. \'icar-General, Circular Letter of, the Studies of the Order, 50 Victoria, Spain, 117 Vilerbo, 44, 136 W. Walsh, Rev. Maurice, p.p., 144 Walsh, William, 116 War of the Roses, 4 Westmeath, 78 \\'ide Street Commissioners, 36 Windele, John, son of the Cork Archaeologist, 60 Woodchester. Gloucestershire, 80 Youghal — Chalice of, 124, 126 Dominican Convent of, 113 Dominican House of, vu., loi, 115, "7, 138 Jranciscan Convent of, loi, 114 "Our Lady of Graces," 12, 102, 103, 113, 118, 122, 123, 125, 126, 186 Presentation Nunnery, 114 cork: printed bv guv and co. ltd., 70, patricic street. 3 9002 04077 3013