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YALE
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
In Memory of
JOHN EWING DURAND
B.A. 1876
The Gift of his son
SAMUEL EWING DURAND
B.A. 1919

^bree Centuries of S^erb^ebire Hnnals.

Three Centuries

OF

Derbyshire Annals

AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE

Records of the Quarter Sessions
OF THE COUNTY OF DERBY,

FROM

QUEEN ELIZABETH TO QUEEN VICTORIA.

BY THE
REV. J. CHARLES COX, LL.D.. F.S.A.,
Rector of Barton-ie-Street,
Author of " Churches of Derbyshire" " Hoixj to Write the History of a Parish^'' " The Capitular
Muniments of Lichfield" etc., etc.
IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

" FOR WHICH END I TAKE IT MEETE, THAT HOWSOEVER THOSE RECORDES HAVE HERETOFOER BEENE
SUFFERED TO LIE IN THE HANDES OF THE CLARKE OF THE PEACE, AND BY THE DEATH OR REMOVE OF
HIM, HAVE BEEN TO SEEKE ; YET NOW THE INCONVENIENCE BEING FOUNDE, AND THE RECORDS THEM
SELVES BEING GROWNE TO GREATER BULKE, THE SAME SHOULD BE LODGED IN SOME SPECIALL AND
PROPER ROOMS UNDER SAFE CUSTODIE, BUT NOT WITHOUT AN JNVENTORIE (OR REGISTER) INDENTED,
WHEREOF THE ONE PART TO REMAINE WITH THE CUSTOS ROTULORUM, AND THE OTHER WITH THE
KEEPER OF THEM." — Lambara's ^'' Eirenarcha^ or the OJfice of Justice of the Peace." Ed, 1602.

aLonbon :
BEMROSE AiND SONS, 23, OLD BAILEY; AND DERBY.

MDCCCXC.

CONTENTS, VOL. IL

SECTION v.— CRIMINAL. PAGE
The County Gaol. Gaolers or Governors. Chaplains.
Surgeons. Debtors. Houses of Correction at Derby,
Chesterfield, Ashbourne, Tideswell, and Wirksworth.
Capital Punishment — Hanging ; Burning to Death ;
Pressed to Death ; Hung, Drawn, and Quartered.
Gibbeting Whipping. Pillory. Stocks. Branding.
Transportation of Felons. The Assize Ordinary.
Criminal Offences. Articles of Misdemeanor. Sedition.
Larceny. Assault. Game Law Offences. Swearing.
Immorality. Witchcraft and Charms i
SECTION VI.— FISCAL.
Subsidies. The Board of Green Cloth. Benevolences and
Loans. Ship Money. Commonwealth Assf.ssments. The
Excise. A Tax on Leather. Hearth Money. Window
Tax. Hair Powder Certificates 9t
SECTION VIL— POOR LAW.
Introductory. Overseers. Women Overseers. Assessment.
Settlement and Removal. Rogues, Vagabonds, and
Vagrants. Petitions for Relief. Workhouses, or Houses
of Industry. Habitations. Apprentices. Lunatics 131

Vlll CONTENTS, VOL. II.
SECTION VIII.— ECONOMICAL. page
Prices of Corn. Clerk of the Market. Weights and
Balances. Hemp and Flax. Wool Winders. Cotton
Mills. Bridges. Highways. Canals. Railways. Rates
of Carriage. Rates of Wages. Civil Disputes. Drovers,
Badgers, Swailers, and Hucksters. Recognisances.
Alehouses 183
SECTION IX.— TERRITORIAL.
Deeds Enrolled. Close and Plea Rolls. Rent Charge
Roll. Deeds relative to County Property. Enclosure
Awards. Gamekeepers' Deputations. Court Leets of
Elvaston, Thurlston, and Ambaston 259
SECTION X.— MISCELLANEA AND ADDENDA.
Coroner. Pinxton and South Normanton Assessments.
Swarkeston School House. The Shire Hall. Royal
Aids. The first Post Stage for Derby. Cattle Plague
of 1745-1755. Damage by Fire. Horse Slaughterers.
Theatrical Representations. Friendly Societies. Free
masons. Gunpowder Mills and Magazines. Polling
Districts. The Lord-Lieutenant and the Commission 281
APPENDIX.
Enclosure Awards 303

SECTION v.— CRIMINAL.

• t HI ¦

The County Gaol. Gaolers or Governors. Chaplains.
Surgeons. Debtors. Houses of Correction at Derby,
Chesterfield, Ashbourne, Tideswell, and Wirksworth.
Capital Punishment — Hanging; Burning to Death;
Pressed to Death; Hung, Drawn, and Quartered.
Gibbeting. Whipping. Pillory. Stocks. Branding.
Transportation of Felons. The Assize Ordinary.
Criminal Offences. Articles of Misdemeanor. Se
dition. Larceny. Assault. Game Law Offences.
Swearing. Immorality. Witchcraft and Charms.

SECTION v.- CRIMINAL.

:n—

^bc County (Baol.
In the year 1532, "An Acte concernynge where & under wha..
manner the Jayles within this Realme shalbe edefyde & made"
became law. The preamble recited that it was necessary and com
mendable to substantially edify gaols in those towns in every shire
as are most suitable for prisoners, especially where " the Assyzes &
Sessyons ben usually kepte & where is moste resorte & repayre of
people, to the intent that by the menes thereof fewer shall escape,
& also the rather & oftener relyeff & charyte of the people shalbe to
.the Prisoners mynystred." The justices of twenty-two specified
shires are ordered within a year to have a common gaol newly built ;
and then, as though it were an afterthought, is added — " Be it further
enacted by auctorite aforesaid that like prysion in every behalfe be
had for a newe Jayle to be made within the Countie of Derbye in
like fourme as is afore provyded for other Shires aforesaide." *
Up to this date the prison for felons in the counties of Nottingham
and Derby was at Nottingham. But many years passed by before
the ju.stices of Derbyshire obeyed this Act. In 1566, as has been
already stated, a separate sheriff was appointed for eacli of these two
counties. Two years later the justices of assize, at the summer gaol
delivery at Derby, insisted upon the county fulfilling its obligations.
The following is a copy of the agreement then made between the
justices of assize and the justices of the peace, recently found at
Belvoir Castle : —
At the Assizes holden at Derb' the xxvjth day of July Anno decime Regine Elizabeth
Hyt ys agreed by Sr James Dyer Knight Lord cheifife Justice of the Common pleas and
' 23 Henry VIII., i,. 2.

4 three centuries of DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Nicholas Barbara one of the Quenes Maties Serjantes at Lawe Justices of Assize & of the
peace Sc of Generall gayle delyvery wtin the said county of Darb' at the dyssyre & with
the consente & assente of all other justices of the peace of the same countie then &
there beinge presente That a newe taxation shalbe made and a Some of monye levyed
amountinge to the thyrde part of one Fyftent throughe oute all the Sheyr of Derb' for
and towards the newe making of a Gayle within the said Countie of Darb'.
James Dyer
Nicholas Barham. *
At the Mich. Sessions,' 1588, John Baxter, of Kirk Langley, was
appointed by the justices gaoler of the newly built common prison
for the County of Derby, Mr. Bentley, of the Swan, and Mr. Fytche
being his bondsmen.
This gaol was from the very first a gross discredit to the shire,
and was notorious, even in those evil days for prisoners, above all
others for its foulness and consequent frequent visitations of plague
and gaol ffever. It would almost seem as if the county authorities
deemed it most economical to confine their prisoners in a place
where fatal fevers were nearly a certainty ; for it was built in the
Corn Market, over the then open brook, which was at that period
merely the town sewer. Hutton, the historian of Derby, writing
of his recollections of the old gaol, which had been before then
materially improved, says — " Our ancestors erected the chief jail
in a river, exposed to damp and filth, as if they meant to drown
the culprit before they hanged him. A worse situation could not
have been chosen ; it extended across the Corn Market, one of
the principal streets, as if to hide the brook, or bind the flood.
The wretched irihabitant was open to the pubhc, and they to
him. A vile arch admitted the horse passenger, and a viler the
foot ; inconvenient to both, hurtful to the stranger, dangerous to
the inmate ; a reflection upon the place, without one benefit as a
counterbalance." The condition of this prison and its' terrible visitations of sickness
have been incidentally portrayed in that part of the fourth section
of this work, which deals with the condition of the Recusants under
Elizabeth. In the year 1610, the sudden rising of the brook in
the night time drowned three of the prisoners ere they could be
rescued. An undated petition, but certainly of the Commonwealth period,
* Belvoir MSS. Vol. IV.

THE COUNTY GAOL. 5
and probably of the year 1647, gives the name of the gaoler of that
date, together with several other interesting particulars : 
To ye right worpU ye justices of peace in open Sessions Assembled, The petition of
Henry Agard.
Sheweth, That yor petitioner haveing byn gaoler for about thirteene weekes hath disbursed
to ye bakers for bread to ye prisoners forth of his owne money fifteene pounds foure
shillings & sixpence & twelve shillings for straw, which is to yor petitioner unsatisfyed.
Yor petitioner being gaoler about two yeares since did disburse for ye places for ye Ladyes
to sitt in foureteene pounds tenne shillings in ye old place, and for tents in ye Frier Yarde,
Derby being Visited,"eight pounds.
And in that yeare there was deu to him for bread for ye prisoners thirty pounds of which
said three last summes hee hath received of ye County about foure & twenty pounds.
The petitioner humbly prayeth An order from this Court to redeame ye same.
And m tender commiseration of ye. prisoners being ready to famish havinge in this
extremity of dearnes of Come but a penny a day allowed them, Doth therefore humbly
pray that two pence a day may bee allowed them, & that present order may bee taken to
rayse monyes to satisfy ye same, and he shall pray etc.
The Court, in answer to this prayer, ordered that " Monyes bee
allowed for bread- & for Henry Agard whatt hee hath layed forth,"
and further ordered that the prisoners' allowance be two pence a day
until the next sessions.
The reference in the petition to the tents in the " Frier Yard," is
explained by the fact that in 1645 there was an outbreak of the
plague at Derby, and that the Assizes were held in Friar's Close ;*
the term " visited " was a usual seventeenth century euphemism for a
visitation of the plague.
The county records that yet remain afford hardly any other infor
mation with respect to the gaol till the latter part of the reign of
Charles II., but thence onwards the references are numerous. In
1680, the two following petitions were presented to the justices by
prisoners cruelly detained through non-payment of the fees of the
clerk of assize. It is satisfactory to know that the justices at once
ordered their " enlargemente " : —
The petition of Francis Gibson A poore prisoner in Derby Goale to the Right
Worshipful! his Maties Justices of the peace at the quarter sessions houlden at Derby
the S of October 1680 humbly sheweth
That whereas I youre poore petitioner, having beene confined to the Common Goale at
Derby for four score weekes together, & I had my tryall at St. James Asizes was twelfth
month & at the last Asizes my pardon Came Downe and was Red to mee, but I am still
continued here at the Cunteries charge and my owne Reuin by the Clarke of the Asizes for
feese which he demands of mee, which I am altogether Unable to pay, for of all this

Hutton's Derby, p. 191.

6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
fourscore weeks I have beene here, I have not had the vallor of A grote from any Relation I
.have in the world ; nether have I any friends or Relations to help mee in the least if I was
shure to perish ; And Mr. Vessy the Goaler knows my powverty soe well, that provided I
might be set at liberty he saith he will forgive me my feese which are deu to him, therefore
worthy Gentlemen I humbly beg of youre Worships, that you will comiserate my condition &
by some meanes procure my liberty, And I shall ever pray for the prossperity of your Noble
familys whilst I live & am J'ran : Gibson.
The petition of John Taylor A poore prisoner in Derby Gaole to the Right
WorshipfuU his Maties Justices of the peace at the quarter sessions houlden at Derby
the 5 of October 1680 humbly sheweth
That whereas I youre poore petitioner have beene confined prisoner in the Comon Goale
at Derby allmost A twelfth month for selling two Beasts in Chesterfeild for which I had my
tryall at Lent Asizes that the last Asizes my Pardon Came & was Red to me, but I am still
Continued here at the Cunteryes Charge & my owne Reuin, by the Clarke of the Asizes for
feese which he demands of me ; which I am altogether Unable to pay, for I have of all this
long time I have layne here had nothing at all to live Upon but the bare alowance of the
Contury ; And I have neather friends nor relations will give me A grote if I were shure to
perish for want of soe much, therefore Worthy Gentlemen I humbly beg of youre Worships
that you will Comiserate my Condition & by some meanes provide my liberty & I shall ever
pray for the prossperity of your Noble familys whilst I live and am John Taylor.
In 1682, considerable repairs were executed at the county gaol.
The following appears on the orders at the Easter Sessions of that
year : —
Ordered That Sr Simon Degge, the Clerke of the peace and Mr. John Bagnold or any
two of them whereof Sr Simon Degge to bee one doe contract with such p'son or p'sons as
they shall see convenient for the buildinge of the County Gaole, and that pursuant to the
said Agreemt the Clerke of the peace p'sent Treasurer of this County for the money raised
and to be raised for repair of the said County Gaole pay such sume and sumes of money as
by such Contract are Covenanted to bee paid to such p'son or p'sons with whom they have
so contracted for the doeinge thereof; And deliver an accompt of such Contract and
paymts as aforesaid to this Court at the Sessions- next after the worke is finished and for
their respective doeinge herein this shall be their Warrt And that the Clerke of the Peace
shall bee accquitted discharged and saved harmelesse by this Courte for what hee shall Act
or doe as to payment of moneys in pursuance of this Order.
It might almost appear, from the wording of this order, that a new
gaol was about to be erected, but in the margin is written — " Sr
Symon Degge, Clerke of the Peace, & Mr. Bagnold appoynted to
contract for Repayre of Gaole." Sir Simon Degge was at this time
not only Recorder of the borough of Derby, but usually acted as
chairman of Quarter Sessions. He lived at Babington House.
Bread, until quite recent days, was the only food supplied to
prisoners at the public charge. Its quality was a frequent cause of
complaint. At the Trans. Sessions, 1682, a general petition from the

THE COUNTY GAOL. 7
prisoners was presented to the justices with regard to this question.
The following Order was the result : —
Whereas the poor prisoners in this County each preferred their petition to this Court this
p'sent Sessions, by which it appeared upon readinge hereof that they complayned of Thomas
Mee the p'sent Baker appointed by Order of last Sessions to bee baker of the said poor
prisoners' bread, that his bread was not soe wholsome and serviceable as that which former
Bakers have delivered to them to their great injury, And therefore prayed that another
Baker might be employed by this Court to joyne with the said Thomas Mee in bakeing of
their bread for the future ; by which meanes they might expect better usage, It is Ordered
by this Court upon consideration had of the said petition, and for the reliefe of the said
petitioners that for the future from this time forward and untill the further Order of this
Court that John Piggin bee joyned with the said Thomas Mee in the bakeing of the said
poore prisoners' bread and that they bake weeke for weeke by turnes, And that the Gaoler
keep their Tallies severall and distinct in Order to the keeping and deliveringe Upon their
Accompts by the same distinct to the Clerke of the peace.
There were in these days no "visiting justices," and the habit of
directly petitioning the court of Quarter Sessions was of frequent
occurrence. The Humble Petition of Roger Barber a poore Prissoner in the Common Gaole for
the County of Derby, To the Right Worshipful! his Maties Justices of the peace at
the Generall Quarter Sessions of the peace houlden for the County of Derby the 17th
day of April! Annojme Dom 1683 Humbly Sheweth
That whereas I yr Worships poore petitioner being Cast into Prison through the Mallice
of one Edmund Hall, under pretence that I am a madman, the reason of which is by reason
I have threatened to sue him for severall things done unto mee as follows, first he hath
throwne stones at my sheep & knocked several! in the head & hath killed severall of my dogs
yt I have kept to help mee to drive my sheep & keep sheep & other things to eat up my Grass
to my great detriment & disadvantage ; & hee had a Mortgage on my house from my father &
by reason I was thrifty & paid him his money againe, nay more for hee tooke twelvepence
above the price of the bond is the great cause of this my sad Condition which I humbly
desire yr worships to take into yr most Judicious Considerations and forth of yr Clemency
graunt mee my Enlargement (for I am a poore lame Impotent Creature & have nobody to
look after my sheep which is all I have to live upon), and allso to cause him the said Edmund
Hal! to make mee Restitution for the wrongue I have sustained by him, & I yr poore
petitioner shall for Ever be bound to pray for yr Worships good healths & prosperities
whilst I live & am Roger Barber.
In the same year (1683), two other petitions reached the justices.
John Hardy, who had been imprisoned for three months " through
false & malicious wordes " on a charge of bastardy, prays for liberty,
the child being now dead ; and Richard Blount, imprisoned on a like
charge, which he also denies, for over a year, makes a similar prayer
" haveinge noethinge to live upon but the bare County Allowance."
In each of these cases, the justices constituted themselves an irregular

o THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
court of appeal, and ordered discharge, without apparently hearing
any evidence.
An incident of the troublous times of the Prince of Orange revolu
tion may here be introduced. William Longston, the constable of
Youlgreave, was ordered to take to Derby gaol a prisoner committed
for alleged high treason against the new government, but having
Jacobite sympathies the constable favoured his prisoner's escape, with
the eventual result of being himself committed to gaol. The fol
lowing appears in the Orders of the Epiph. Sessions, 1689 ; —
Whereas William Longston of Yolgreave Indicted at Michallmas Sessions last for
willfully p'mitting one Ralph Mather Comitted to his Custody for Suspition of High
Treason to escape from him whoe submitted to this Cort of his fine whereupon this Court
Imposed the fine of Twenty pounds upon him for such his offence upon condition that if
the said Longston did not produce the said Mather at this Sessions and the said 'Willni
Longston appearinge at this Sessions And had not retaken the s'd Mather according to the
Order of this Court doth Order that the said Will'm Longston bee comitted to the County
Goale until hee pay the sume of Twenty pounds for his Fine as aforesaid.
At the Mich. Sessions, 1691, it was "Ordered that the Prisoners'
allowance of one penny halfe penny a day be reduced to the allow
ance of one penny per diem till further order in regard of the Cheap-
nesse of Corne & the debt the County is in more than what is raised
for that purpose ; " but the following Epiphany, owing to the
" dearnenesse ol Corne," order was made to revert to the i^d.
per diem.
At the same sessions, upon a petition of the prisoners in the county
gaol read in court, setting forth that " the River water would bee of
necessary use, & great benefitt to them upon severall occasions &
praying that the same might be brought by Pipes into the said
Gaole," it was ordered that the clerk of the peace take a lease of the
water on behalf of the county, and that " the charge of the Branch
and the yearely Sallary of forty shillings " be paid by him out of the
public money.
The question of the prisoners' bread once more came before the
court at the Mich. Sessions, 17 12, when the following entry was made
in the orders, together with a minute relative to the repair of the
gaol roof: —
This Court being informed that greate irregularities are used touching the delivery of
and v° ''/"""" '" '^" County Goale, more bread being taken in Than ought to be,
Collv ffor" '°7"r'""Vr''' "^ "°' '" ""''""^y '° y^ Sre.te charge & abuse of the
County , ffor remedy whereof It is Ordered by this Court that the Treasurer of the County
doe inspect ye said ill practices and settle what Prisoners ought to wXad ^ .t^rtof

THE COUNTY GAOL. 9
all the Prisoners in the County Goale be delivered to the Treasurer at any tyme upon
request, and for the future the County Bakers take care to deliver the bread to such
Prisoners only as are in the said List, and to such Prisoner in person and not otherwise,
And that noe bread be delivered to any person that boards in the said Coalers House or is
of such circumstances or ability as can maintaine himselfe. And further ordered that the
boards upon ye County Goale Leads being loose and decayed and dirt and sludge got
betwixt the same yt the Leads be taken up and ye top of ye Leads changed, and that the
Treasurer of ye County cause the same to be done and pay for ye same out of the Treasury.
At the Easter Session.s, 1713, the Court issued a stringent order
to their gaoler not to accept prisoners of the borough of Derby,
the borough having their own gaol, which was, however, if possible,
in worse order than the county prison and too small for their small
requirements. The following is a copy of the Order, which was
repeated in almost identical terms a year later : —
Ordered by this Court that the Goaler of ye County of Derby do from the date hereof
refuse to accept or take into his custody any prisoner or prisoners comitted or to be comitted
to him by Virtue of any Warrant or Mittimus from the Mayor Recorder or any other authority
whatsoever of the Burrough of Derby in ye sd County of Derby.
In 17 17, it was discovered that the bakers had entered into a
conspiracy with the gaoler to deliver county bread to those prisoners
(chiefly debtors) who boarded in the gaoler's house and paid him
chamber rent. The court took means to prevent this for the future,
by ordering that the bread should be delivered personally by the
bakers to the prisoners in the upper common gaol for debtors and in
the felons' gaol, and nowhere else.
At the Mich. Sessions, 17 18, it was reported that the gaol beds
were much out of repair, and the treasurer was ordered to buy new
planks and other things requisite for their repair.
In the following year, a prisoner escaped from the felons' gaol by
a window into the Corn Market, and on the representation of the
gaoler the court ordered the window to be immediately stopped up.
At the Easter Sessions, 1724, presentment was made of a causeway
near the end of the wooden bridge at the back gate of a house in
Derby in possession of Mr. Thomas Litchfield, which was in so
inconvenient a condition as to be a public nuisance, and was
especially detrimental to the prisoners in the County Gaol, " diverting
the ancient watercourse which cleansed and scoured the filth and
nastiness from the Gaol." The court ordered the causeway to be
renewed at the charge of the county.
Complaint was made to the justices in 1726, that the county gaolers
were taking unreasonable and extortionate fees for keeping persons

lO THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
committed to their charge, and it was ordered that for the future
8s. 4d. should be the committal fee.
From an entry made at the 'Epiphany Sessions, 1732, it transpires
that the county prisoners were then in the custody of a female gaoler.
It was ordered that " Mr.s. Mary Greatorex, widow, keeper of the
Goale for this County do give account upon oath at next General
Sessions what means she has used towards the retaking Elias
Wheldon, and George Hamblet, and John Bradshaw comitted to her
custody." On the evening of February 13th, 1752, between seven and eight,
four prisoners broke out of the county gaol, Derby, by making a
breach through the bottom part of the wall, and then, breaking the
ground, came through on the bridge. The next morning Anthony
Frost, one of the escaped felons, was found in the prison, having
voluntarily returned again to his old quarters the same night, by
getting into gaol again through the same hole at which he had
escaped. His. three companions do not seem to have been again
apprehended. At last the county was shamed into providing more decent
accommodation for their prisoners, and in 1755-6 a plain, substantial
brick building was erected in Friar Gate to serve as a gaol for felons
and debtors, and also as a house of correction for short sentence
prisoners. It was a great improvement on the two county prisons
that it superseded ; the architect was Mr. Irons, of Warwick. The
area of the prison, including the gaoler or governor's house in the
front, the back rooms of which commanded a view of the several
courtyards, was 126 feet by 121 feet. The ground behind the prison
was divided into three yards, one for male felons, another for male
debtors and house of correction prisoners, and a third, much smaller
one, for women. There were only seven separate cells, and a common
day-room for the felons, so that young and old, untried and convicted,
capital and petty offenders, all herded together without distinction.
Irons were used on all committed before trial, and for grave offences
after conviction, refractory prisoners being doubly ironed at the
discretion of the governor. The prisoners were allowed to work and
receive all they could earn ; no work was found for them by the
county, either in the gaol or house of correction, but they procured it
for themselves subject to the approval of- the gaoler. The nature of
the work is sometimes indicated in the annual accounts, as when the
gaoler purchased wool, combs, and, on another occasion, flax-dressing

THE COUNTY GAOL. II
machines. Playing at ball was allowed for exercise in all the yards,
but no other games. There was no other allowance to the prisoners
save bread ; but they were permitted to buy meat and vegetables and
beer, the last article being supposed to be limited to a quart per diem.
The governor or gaoler was allowed to supply better accommodation
to prisoners, on payment, in two- rooms over the chapel, and was also
permitted to let his own apartments, and this was done not only for
debtors but actually for felons, when they had well-to-do friends.
The debtors, of whom we specially treat below, had a separate place
for sleeping, and had the use of a courtyard in common with the
persons confined in the house of correction, but they had also the
exclusive privilege of walking on the flat roof of the prison, which
was 90 feet long by 26 feet wide ; and on payment of sixpence a
week they might have a pair of sheets and a flock bed, instead of the
straw assigned to the other prisoners.*
The prison was originally designed for twenty-one criminals and
twenty-six debtors, and was good of its sort for the time at which it
was erected, but in the present century it got disgracefully over
crowded. The noble movement of John Howard, the prison philanthropist,
resulted in an Act,t wherein provisions were made for the better
preserving of the health of prisoners and for preventing the gaol
distemper. The result was that at the Trans. Sessions, 1774, advertisements
were ordered to be inserted in the Derby newspapers " for persons
willing to make a Bath & two rooms over same according to Act of
Parliament." At the next Sessions, the lowest tender, ^98 13s. 6d.,
proffered by Elisha Sims, was accepted. At the same time, and in
pursuance of this Act, a gaol surgeon, Mr. John Harrison, of Derby,
was appointed at a salary of £20. Annual whitewashing and
scraping of the prison walls was now ordered, and another yearly
charge that henceforth appeared on the accounts was eight guineas
for " straw for the felons."
A charge of ten guineas was incurred in the year 1784 " for
ventilating the gaole."

* For several of these particulars we are indebted to a privately printed report of a
Committee of Aldermen of the city of London, appointed in 1814 to visit various county
gaols, with a view to the reconstruction of Newgate.
t 14 George III., c. 59.

12 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1764, it was ordered by the court : —
That the following Rates and Fees be taken by the Keeper of His Majesties Gaol for the
said County and no other : —
;^ S. d.
For the Lodging of every prisoner in his House per week  026
For the Discharge of each Prisoner out of Custody  0134
To the Turnkey   020
For the Copy of every Warrant  010
For signing a Certificate in order to obtain a Supersedeas  ..020
For liegistering each Declaration  010
For attending with every Prisoner in order to give Bail or be otherwise
discharged  020
And it is further Ordered that the Clerk of the Peace do cause this Order to be printed and
that the Keeper of the Gaol for the time being do observe the same upon pain of being
prosecuted according to Law.
In 1782, we find that Blyth Simpson, the gaoler, was in receipt of
£60 salary for the combined offices of gaoler of the felons and
debtors and keeper of the house of correction. Two years later a
most salutary Statute became law, whereby " no gaoler is to suffer
tippling or gaming in the prison, or to sell any liquors therein, under
the penalty of ;^io, to be recovered by distress upon conviction."*
The utterly discreditable condition of things in the county gaol was
thereby revealed, for evidence was forthcoming that Blyth Simpson
had actually made a profit equal to double his salary by the sale of
liquor to the prisoners within his gaol. He was not, however, removed
from his office, but £120, from that time onwards, appeared to his
credit in the annual account of the treasurer, in addition to his
previous salary, under the head — " A year's increase of Salary on
account of his not being allowed to sell ale." The amount of
drunkenness within a small gaol to permit such a profit as this must
have been terrible. On the successor to Mr. Simpson being appointed,
in 1793, the salary of the gaoler was fixed at .^200, but there were
still many regular and casual fees pertaining to the office, such as
discharge fees of prisoners and those for flogging. In 18 17, the
justices commuted the fees for £64 los., which was henceforth added
to the stipend.
In 1789, a stable was purchased for the gaoler at a cost of £?>A.
Extensive repairs and slight additions, costing over ;^6oo, were made
to the gaol in 1798-9.
Meanwhile, as population increased in Derbyshire, chiefly through

24 George III., c. 54, sec. 22.

THE COUNTY GAOL. 1 3
the mining and cotton spinning industries, the accommodation for the
county prisoners became notoriously insufficient.
The attention of the magistrates to its then disgraceful condition
was frequently called both by philanthropic visitors and by Judges of
Assize. In 1817, it was discussed by the justices in session, and an
experienced architect ordered to report, who in December of that
year condemned it as " insufficient and insecure, as well as wrong
and defective in construction." At the Lent Assizes, 18 18, Mr. Baron
Garrow personally visited the gaol, and in his subsequent charge to
the Grand Jury severely censured the county as to its condition and
insufficiency. The Grand Jury, numbering twenty-three gentlemen,
thereupon presented the gaol in terms according with the Judge's
remarks, but actually down to the time of the Summer Assizes, 1820,
the justices did nothing. This assize brought Mr. Baron Garrow
again to Derby, who indignantly denounced the supineness of the
justices, and threatened, unless the work was at once undertaken, to
lay a heavy fine upon the county. On August 9th, the Grand Jury
published in the Derby Mercury a strongly worded address and
appeal to the justices, calling upon them to proceed.
A return made to the Home Secretary in 1820, showed that in the
three previous years actually more than three times the number of
criminals for which it was designed had been at one time confined
in this gaol; viz., sixty-eight in 1817, sixty-three in 1818, and sixty-
tiine in 18 19.
There was yet further and needless delay, but at last, at Mich.
Sessions, 1822, the court deterrnined on the purchase of six acres of
land belonging to Large 's hospital near the Uttoxeter Road.
The plans and designs of Mr. Francis Goodman for the new gaol
were approved at the Epiph. Sessions, 1823, the expense being esti
mated at ;^37,403, exclusive of the purchase of the site, the treadmill,
and the furniture. The committee submitted the plans to the Society
for the Improvement of Prison Discipline, at whose suggestions
various alterations were made which added materially to the estimate.
The extensive buildings were completed in 1827, and at that time
formed the most complete prison establishment in the United
Kingdom. The plan was upon the radiating principle, and con
sisted of 161 cells, having twenty-one wards for the classification
of prisoners, the governor's house standing in the centre. The total
expenditure, as declared at the Easter Sessions, 1828, amounted to
.£¦63,335 5s- 6d.

14 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
On the rejection of the Reform Bill, in October, 1831, formidable
riots broke out in Derby. The old county gaol, which had been
purchased of the county and improved for the use of the borough,
was broken open and the prisoners released. The mob then made
an attack, which was repulsed, on the new county gaol. The result
of these riots was that eight martello towers were designed and built
at the angles of the gaol walls, at a cost of ;£ 1,540.
In 1880, the Government undertook the remodelling of the prison,
commencing by improving the system of drainage, and filling up all
existing cesspits. The old central brick partitions in the present
male reception ward have been removed, and the whole modernised ;
the Governor's house completely gutted and rebuilt as offices ; and
the visiting rooms, etc., and. the three large wings brought into a
central hall, on the modern system. The female prison has been
almost rebuilt ; a reception building and hospital provided-, and a
new laundry constructed. The boundary wall has been pulled down
on one side, and a new one, enclosing an enlarged area, erected ; the
old Treadwheel House replaced by a lofty and well-ventilated
building, and a new kitchen and bakehouse provided, and fitted with
steam boilers, etc., so that all food is now cooked by steam, a great
improvement on the old system. Numerous other small alterations
and additions have been made, such as pulling down old outbuildings
and walls around yards, to let in light and air. A modern disinfecting
apparatus has been put up, and a mortuary and dissecting, room
provided. The prison has thus during a period extending over seven
to eight years, been almost entirely rebuilt and modernised, the work
being executed largely by prison labour, only a few skilled free
workmen being employed.

(3aolers or (Boveriiore.
In the previously quoted papers and records mention has been
made of four county gaolers, namely, John Baxter (1508), Henry
Agard (1647), Mr. Vessy (1680), and William Wragg (1690) ; and
an indictment shows that Joseph Walker was gaoler in 17 18. From
1720 downwards we are able to give a complete list of the gaolers
or governors of the county prison. Down to 1760, the names and

CHAPLAINS. 1 5
dates are taken from the contracts for the transportation of felons,
and, subsequently from the Orders of Sessions.
1720, Sept. loth, John Greatorex.
1726, June 29th, Mary Greatorex.
1733, Aug. 28th, John Greatorex.
1741, May 2nd, Henry Greatorex.
1743, April 13th, Samuel Greatorex.
1744, Feb. isth, Richard Fletcher.
1750, April 15th, John Greatorex.
1752, Oct. 6th, Richard Fletcher.
1756, April 3rd, John Greatore.x.
1758, Sept. 27th, John Marriott.
1760, Sept. 17th, Blyth Simpson.
1793, Epiph. WiUiam Eaton.
1832, Trans. Richard Eaton (resigns).
1832, Mich. John Sims.
1852, Mich. James Henry Sims.
1879, C E. Farquharson, the present Governor_,
late Captain 21st Hussars, was appointed Governor of Northampton
prison by the magistrates of that County in 1876, and transferred
by the Prison Commissioners to Derby in 1879.

Cbaplatns.
With regard to the spiritual welfare of the prisoners, it is of
interest to note, though not very creditable to the justices, that the
first move for a chaplain proceeded from those in confinement. At
the Epiphany Sessions, 17 10, the following order was made ; — " Upon
Petition of the Prisoners in the County Goale for Divine Service &
Prayers &¦ Preaching, This Court haveing taken the same into
consideration doe nominate elect and make choice of Jasper
Hossington of Derby in the County of Derby Clerke to doe the
same if he will except of it upon the termes proposed by this Court
CviztJ to read ym prayers or Divine Service once a week at least, &
to Preach once a Moneth at least ; the tyme for so doing to be
performed at the Electon & convenience of the said Mr. Hossington,
for which This Court doth Order & it is hereby Ordered that Mr.
John Wright Treasurer doe pay to the said Mr. Hossington five

l6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Pounds per Annum wh money is to be paid Quarterly from the date
hereof" Jasper Horsington was vicar of Mackworth from 1695
to 1724. Though the Sum of £$ seems small for his services at
the gaol, Mr. Horsington held such a multiplicity of appointments
that he doubtless made a fair income. In the AUestree register
he is described as " curate of AUestree, vicar of Mackworth,
curate of Quarndon, & one of ye Friday Lecturers at All Saints
in Derby.''
In 1722, on the death of Mr. Horsington, William Lockett obtained
the gaol chaplaincy at a like stipend ; he was also vicar of both St
Michael's and St, Werburgh's, Derby. On Mr. Lockett's death in
175 1, the same duties and salary were assigned to William Blackwell,
curate of St. Peter's ; and to him succeeded, at the Easter Sessions,
1761, the Rev. Mr. Dixon. At the Michaelmas Sessions, 1766, the
justices took a more generous view of their duties, both with regard
to chapel and chaplain, now that the prisoners were in the new gaol,
and " ordered that Blyth Simpson keeper of His Majesty's Gaol for
this county do employ a proper workman to Bench round & Desk
the Chappel in the said Gaol for the convenience of the prisoners
there during service." The cost of these improvements, as certified
at the next sessions, was ;^22 13s. 9d. At the same sessions it was
resolved that the salary of the chaplain be raised from £<, to ;^20,
" for performing that office on the execution of Criminals & for
performing divine service in the Chappel of the said Gaol every
Monday Wednesday & Saturday, & also for preaching a sermon
every Saturday."
At the Easter Sessions, 1769, Rev. John Scale, .vicar of St.
Michael's and St. Werburgh's, was appointed chaplain at a salary of
.^20; but the salary was raised to .2^30 in 1774, when the appointment
of a chaplain became by law compulsory.* After the death of Mr.
Scale, the Rev. Ellis Henry was appointed in 1775, at a salary ot
£zo, which was augmented in 1787 to ;^35. At Easter, 1806, the
Rev. Nicholas Bayley, vicar of St. Michael's, was appointed, the
salary being augmented to £4.0 in the following year.
In 1814, the Rev. George Pickering, vicar of Mackworth, was
appointed chaplain, the stipend being then ;^7o, which was increased
in 1 8 17 to ^^120, and afterwards to ^150. Mr. Pickering resigned in
1855, and was succeeded by Rev. Henry Moore. The present

•13 George III., u. 58.

DEBTORS. 17
chaplain, who was appointed in 1877, is the Rev. Charles Edward
Crellin, M.A. The present chapel is a low inconvenient room, and
does not compare at all favourably with the places of worship in
several other gaols of a like size.

Surocone.
The first appointment of a surgeon to the gaol was made, on com
pulsion by Act of Parliament, in 1774, when John Harrison was
nominated at a salary of £^0, inclusive of medicine. He was also
allowed three guineas for travelling to Chesterfield and Bakewell
when the sessions were held there. At the Trans. Sessions, 1784,
John Harrison and Timothy Pitman were appointed joint surgeons.
Four years later the appointment was solely in the hands of
Mr. Pitman, who only received a salary of ;^20, though extra grants
were voted by the court on several occasions. In 1793 Mr. Pitman
died, and at the Easter Sessions of that year Francis Fox was
appointed at ;£20 per annum, which was, however, augmented to ^^"40
in 1802. In 1823, Douglas Fox was elected, on the resignation of
his father, and the salary, on occupying the new gaol, was raised to
;£i20. On the resignation of Mr. Douglas Fox in 1855, Mr. Henry
Francis Gisborne received the appointment. The present surgeon is
Mr. C. A. Greaves.

2)ebtor0.
The miserable and deplorable condition of debtors throughout
England during both the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has
long been well known, though the chief incidents of the harsh opera
tions of the law and of the cruelties of the gaolers have been in the
main drawn and published from the London gaols, especially from
the Fleet prison. The following petitions from Derbyshire debtors,
and other illustrations of their treatment in the county, show that the
lot of the provincial debtor was about as melancholy as that of his
fellow-sufferers of the metropolis.
The following letter written on November 15 th, 1662, by Mr. George
Sitwell, of Renishaw, to an Eckington yeoman, then in the house of
correction at Chesterfield, before being passed on to Derby gaol, is
3

1 8 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
proof of the frequency of imprisonment for debt, and the little salutary
effect that such a system possessed : —
You desire me to lay downe mony for your inlargmt & you will morgage land to me for
my security, you are a straunge man to make such an offer to goe about to deceive your
freind ; for I know the estate of your land is in your brother, so that without him you can
make noe assurance, its true he writt to me that yf you would have paid him that you owe
him he would reassure it back to you, but you tooke noe care to doe that, so that you
are like to suffer for it till it be done. Now you may discerne what it is to be an honest
man, I formerly redeemed you twice out of prison, & all I had for my labor was a great
deale of trouble to gett mine owne mony againe from you ; when your brother hath
reassured the land, then yfhe will not, I will redeeme you upon good assurance: sol
remaine Your friend
G. S.
Yf you can gett so much favour of the Bayly as to stay at Chesterfeild till your brother
come to you it will be the best for you otherwise when you are at Derby you must send for
him thither. Vale. * t
The earliest petition to the justices that we find among the extant
records of the shire is one of the time of Charles IL, from a member
of a family of considerable standing in the county, the Lowes of
Locko and Denby, a younger branch being also established at
Hazelwood for several generations — a family that supplied many
justices for the county bench; John Lowe, the elder brother of the,
petitioner being himself on the commission of the peace : — '
The petition of Jasper Lowe ye Brother of John Lowe Esq now A poore prisoner in
the Comon Goale in Derby to ye Right Worshipful! his Maties Justices of the peace at
the quarter sessions houlden at Derby the 7 of October 1620 : humbly Beggs
That wereas I youre Worships poore petitioner was by my unkind Brother sent to this
Uncomfortable prison, where I have nothing at all to live Upon but the bare allowance of
the Cuntery ; truely I know not that I owe A grote in Ingland, but all that my Brother can
object against me is for that through paverty & want I was inforced to repaire to the last
sessions houlden at Bakwell : for releefes, where the Justices were pleased to order me
two shillings & six pence A week to be paid by the parish of Denby and worthy Gentelmen
if this allowance shuld be taken from me I doe not know which way is possable for me to
live, but in gret danjer to perish ; which prevented by your Worships clemency will oblige
me to love Honer and pray for you whilst I live and am Jasper Lowe.
In 1683, a general petition from the debtors in the Derby gaol
reached the justices, to the following effect : —
The Humble Petition of All & singular the poore Debtors in the Common Goale for
the'County of Derby To the worship!! Gentlemen of the Grand jury this Gen'all Quarter
* This letter was kindly supplied to us by Sir George Sitwell, Bart.

DEBTORS.

19

Sessions of the Peace houlden for the said County of Derby this iSth day of Aprill
Annoque Dom. 1683 Humbly Sheweth
That Whereas the Countrey hath been at soe great A Charge as to build A Goale for
Debtors seperate & Apart from Fellony, & the Goaler will not suffer us to have the Priyilidge
of the leads & threatens to take the great Roome from us as Allso yt if there come in A
hundred debtors they shall bee all Lodged in the three lowe Rooms or hee will turne them
downe to lodge in the neither Goale Amongst the Fellony before they shall have the Benefit'
of the upper Chambers for hee sayes those-are for himself & by reason wee are very thronge-
at present for yt wee are forced to lye three in A bed wee make bold to let you understand
our Greivances humbly desireing you to take the same into serious Considderation & let the
Court understand whether the Countrey builded the prison for debtors or for Goaler as Allso
that you would some (or all) of you come & vieue whether it be not sufficient and stronge
Enough for the Security of the Goaler & wee youre poore petitioners shall for Ever be bound
to pray for yr worships good health & prosperities whilst wee live.
This petition is endorsed — " The Gaole to bee made more secure."
This petition affords proof that the flat roof of the old Corn
Market Gaol, as was the case with its successor in the Friar Gate,
was intended to be used by the debtors for exercise.
In 1691, a remarkably bold little book was published by Moses
Pitt, called The Cry of the Oppressed. The secondary title explains
the nature of the work, for on the title page it is described as " A
True and Tragical Account of the Unparallel'd Sufferings of Multi
tudes of poor Imprisoned Debtors, in most of the Gaols in England,
under the Tyranny of the Gaolers and other Oppressers, lately dis
covered upon the occasion of this present Act of Grace for the
Release of poor Prisoners for Debt or Damages ; some of them being
not only Iron'd & Lodg'd with Hogs Felons & Condemn'd Persons,
but have had their bones broke, others Poisoned & Starved to Death,
others denied the Common Blessings of Nature, as Water to Drink
or Straw to Lodg on ; others their Wives & Daughters attempted to
be Ravished ; with other Barbarous Cruelties, not to be parallel'd in
any History or Nation ; all which is made out by undeniable Evi
dence." Pitt's book is the result of communications addressed to no
less than sixty-five debtors' prisons in England, and is dedicated to
the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament. The opening of
the preface truthfully says that " it is a small book as full of Tragedies
as Pages, which are not Romances but Truths, they are not acted in
Foreign Nations among Turks and Infidels, Papists and Idolaters ;
but in this our own countrey, by our own Countreymen and Relations
each to other, not Acted time out of mind by men many Thousands
or Hundreds Years agone, but now at this very Day by men now
living in Prosperity, Wealth, and Grandeur ; they are such Tragedies

20 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
as no Age or Countrey can parallel." The following are the state
ments of the debtors here printed with regard to the gaols of
Chesterfield and Derby : —
From the Gaol at Chesterfield.
Sir, We hope there is not such another Prison again in England as ours, for the Court the
Prison is held under, it hath destroyed all the poorer sort of People in Scarsdale ; if a
Stranger come into the Town, let him come from where he will, if he owe anything to any
Man, straightway a Capias is laid on him, and there he must pay before he go, or procure
such Security as can hardly be got ; and if he come out of any other County or Shire, as
Nottingham, Yorkshire, &c., into close Prison he must be clapt, and if he have no Money
wherewith to help himself withal, he may starve for want of Sustenance, for no Relief at
all will be afforded him, neither by the Town, nor by the Gaoler ; and if the Prisoners make
any Complaint, all that is said in excuse is, if any Allowance should be afforded them, they
would never pay their Debts, and so the poor Prisoners may starve for Want. If we
Complain of this hard Usage to the Steward or Gaoler, they say, they pay such a great
Rent for their Places, that they cannot afford the Prisoners anything ; so Relief they have
none, not so much as fair Water, but what they pay for, and many times, for the bestowing
of a Penny, must give a Halfpenny ; so good Sir, if you can remedy our poor Condition,
whereby we may have some small Allowance to the Prison, it will be the greatest Comfort in
the World, both to us, and those that come after us. Hoping to hear from you some
Comfortable News of our Releasement, we remain poor Prisoners in Chesterfield Gaol, John
Hay, George Wright, &c. Novem. 25. 90.
From the Gaol at Derby, Septemb. the 22D, 1690.
Sir, We the Prisoners for Debt in the Gaol of Derby, have received several Letters and
Printed Papers from you concerning the Act of Grace for the Relief of poor Imprisoned
Debtors, for which we thank you ; we have here inclosed sent you our Grievances (and.
desire that you should Print them with what speed may be) which are as foUoweth.
Our County of Derby hath been at the Charge of Building a new Gaol, for the separating
of Debtors from Felons, according to the Act of Parliament ; and also that Debtors should
not be constrained to Lodg in the Gaoler's House, which is Eight Shillings a Week Charges
for Diet. Notwithstanding William Wragg, the keeper of the Gaol, hath withheld several
of the Rooms in the aforesaid Gaol from the Debtors several years together, which saicj'
Rooms Debtors have formerly enjoyed, but persons that have been Condemned for High
Treason, have been permitted by the said Gaoler, for some extraordinary benefit to himself,
to have the use of those Rooms, which said Persons by the Act of Parliament ought not to
come among Debtors ; and the want of these Rooms hath been very prejudicial to the poor.
Debtors, in respect of their Health, and hereby also they are in great danger of Diseases to
breed among them by the Noisome smell that is occasioned by the Crowd ; and when the
weather is cold, half of the poor Debtors cannot come to the Fire to get their Meat drest,
and are almost starving. And the keeper doth say, That if Three Hundred Prisoners
come, they shall have no more Room. The Debtors do humbly conceive. That it will be
judged very reasonable, that such Persons, who, by the Act of Parliament, ought not to
come amongst Debtors, should have the use of those Rooms, and that the Debtors, fof
^ whom they were built, and who have also contributed towards the building of them, should,
not enjoy them. And for want of these Rooms many have been forced to Lodg in the
Gaoler's House, which is above Twenty Pound a Year Charge for Diet, besides other"
Expenses which cannot be avoided ; which hath been in a great measure to the Ruin of
many persons, and hath made them incapable of paying their Debts, which otherwise might'
be prevented. Several other Abuses the Debtors have received from their Keeper, and his

DEBTORS. 21
Turn-Key fosepk Shei~win, as upon a Complaint made, by us poor Debtors, \o fohii Barrow
Esq ; and  Finney, Esq ; in both their years of High-Sheriff, hoping to be relieved by
them under these Abuses ; our Keeper William Wragg hearing of it was very Angry with
us the poor Debtors, and caused us to be Lock'd up in our Rooms for several nights
together, which was not done before ; so that when we had occasion to go to the House of
Office to Ease our selves we could not, neither could we have anything brought us to comfort
our selves when we were not well. And also he threatened one John Finney, who wrote
the complaints to the said High Sheriffs, who was then, and is now, a Prisoner, that he
would make him swallow his knife. Also when the poor Debtors have no Money, and
cannot be Trusted by the Keeper for a little Ale when they are not well, he hath refused to
let them have it where they might be Trusted, and also have more for their money. And
further, When People come to bring any of us Work, whereby we may get an honest Penny
towards our Relief, and also when any come to bring us Victuals, the Turn-Key will not
suffer them to stay to pay or receive Money for what they bring ; and if they be not just
ready to come when he calls, he curseth them, and calls them Whores, and Salt-Birches, so
that they are unwilling to bring us either Meat, Drink, or Work. As whereas we the poor
Debtors do usually Petition the County, for the Charity of all well-disposed People, for
something towards our Relief against the good time commonly called Christmas ; and tho'
we are at the Charge of sending Persons to Collect the same, yet notwithstanding our
Keeper will suffer none to go to Collect it, but some particular persons, who have been Five
or Six Years in his Custody, and to whom he hath shewed Kindness above others, by
granting them Liberty to be at home almost all the time of their Confinement ; and for this
Kindness shewed to them, they are afraid to displease their Keeper in answering his Desires,
which is to give the Money they have Collected into his, or his Wifes Hands, which they ^
have usually done ; and hereby we have been Defrauded of a great part of our Money ;
which hath been given. At Christmas was Two Years there was gathered by the Collectors
confession, between Eight and Nine Pounds, and we the poor Debtors had not above Four
Pounds of it ; neither would our Keeper ever since give us an Account of the rest, altho' we
have several times demanded it, and have also charged him openly with cheating of us.
Likewise, about Two Years since. The Right Honourable the Earl of Devonshire gave us
the poor Debtors Five Pounds, which would have been to every one of us Five or Six
Shillings, had it been honestly disposed of, but we had but Two Shillings and Half a Crown
a piece. Several other Gentlemen have given to us poor Debtors, and we have been abus'd
in the like manner. Likewise our Keeper has a Prejudice against some sf us the poor
Debtors, for declaring there his Abuses to his Face for which reason he hath caused the
Countray Allowance to be taken from some of us, but upon our Complaint to our Justices
it was allowed to us again. Also Elizabeth Hardey, a Prisoner, received her Allowance of
Bread, which was a Four Penny Loaf, and that Day the Bread was delivered, after she had
Eaten some of it, was discharged from her Actions, the Turnkey came immediately and took
the remaining part of the Loaf from her; Winefrid Buxton, widow, aged seventy, a
Prisoner almost Four Years, the same Day she had her discharge from her Creditor, the
Keeper took her Allowance of Bread from her, and she continued a Prisoner above a Fort
night after, because she could not have her discharge from the Sheriff, and so lost her Bread
for that time ; and this the Keeper did, because she refused to pay those unjust Fees which
he demanded. Several others have been abused by paying undue Fees. Likewise we the
poor Prisoners have been abused by our Keepers putting his Swine amongst us, Four or Six !
at a time, for several Days and Nights together, when the water has come into his yard, and
thereby we have been almost Choaked, and could not open our Doors into our Lodging
Rooms, but the Swine ran in upon us ; in like manner, he hath Abused us, by putting
Felons among us, when he might as well have kept them separate from us. Many other
Grievances we might alledg.
But we Humbly Pray, That the Parliament, or at least the Judges, will be moved with
Pity and Compassion to look upon our Miserable Condition. And as the County, together
with our selves, (tho' now in a low condition,) have been at the Charge to build a new Gaol

22

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

for poor Debtors, and on which, (under God,) our Health, whilst in durance, doth much
depend, so likewise we may enjoy the Privileges we have paid for ; and that an end may be
put to the Gaoler's Arbitrary Government, hoping that our Confinement will be thought to
be sufficient punishment for that which was not, nor is not, in our power to help, without
this Cruelty and Oppression added to it. And that there may be a Table of Fees, and of
the Gifts that Benefactors have or shall bestow upon, and to the said Gaol, for the release of
poor Prisoners, and that it may be set up in the said County-Gaol, where all Prisoners may
see their Charge, and that the Chamber-Rent may be settled according to the Statute made
in the Twenty Second, and Twenty Third Years of Charles the Second of Blessed Memory,
so that we may Enjoy so much of the Liberty as is there set forth, and we the poor
Prisoners for Debt, shall ever Bless God, and them for it. We are yours,
Mich. Laughtenhouse, etc.
There is abundant testimony in the Orders of Sessions to the
immediate use made in the county of the Act of Grace for the relief
of small debtors, referred to in the Cry of the Oppressed. The
following are the entries at an adjourned Sessions held at Derby
on October 2nd, 1691 : —

A List of Prisoners taken by Sr Simon Degge & discharg'd by him at this Sessions from

the County Gaole & Townes Gaols.
Robert Willson.
Jonathan Middleton.
Thomas Latham.
Richard Wright.
Samuel Boomer.
Mary Amott.
Francis Davies.
Hugh Roome.
Thomas Marriott.
John Tonnycliffe.
John Needham.
Thomas Denman.

Henry Flint.
William Moore.
William Parker.
Thomas Jenkinson.
Thomas Fletcher.
John Welch.
John Jackson.
John Finney.
John Towle.
Robert Ward.
William Muggleton, discharged from the
Townes Gaole.

A List of the Prisoners discharged at this Sessions by the Court from the County Gaol.
Robert Jeffry in Execution at the suit of John Barrow Esq Debt 22li. 40s. Costs and at
the suit of Ralph Brough upon a Cap 20li. Debt.
Francis Smith upon a Cap : at the suit of John Nevell gent, charged nothing & at the same
suit in execution 141!. & at the suit of Ralph Sherman a Cap : loli. at the Suit of Eliz.
Stone i81i.
George Blackwell at the suit of Alice Stamford upon a Cap. looli.
William Johnson upon a Cap : at the suit of Luke Vallence loli.
Thomas Robinson upon a Cap at the suit of George Tomlinson Debt 3oli.
Thomas Haywood in Execution at the suit of John Haynes gent. loli. Debt loli.. Damages,
. Philipp Strongitharme upon a Cap at the Suit of Francis Bridges, Illi. 2s. 4d.
Henry Allen upon a Cap at the Suite of Francis Tallent charged nothing a Cap at the
Suite of John Redferne i61i. a Cap at the Suit of John Harvey charged Nothing.

A List of the Prisoners discharged at this Sessions by the Court from the Gaole for the
Borough of Derby.
William Stevenson at the suite of William Allen Debt 2oli.

DEBTORS. 23
Francis Hutchinson in Execution at the Suite of John Hunt Debt 411. 19s. and alsoe in
execution at the Suit of Thomas Higginton Debt 3li. is.
Elizabeth Corden upon a Cap at the Suite of John Haynes for 7oli. and John Dowly.
A List of the prisoners discharged at this Sessions by the Court out of Chesterfield Gaole
for the Lib'ty of the hundred of Scarsdale.
Stephen Hayne charged with two sev'all Executions one at the Suit of Francis Lowe gent
for 20li. i6s. 2d. one other Execution at the Suite of George Horobbin for 81i. l6s.
John Hay charged wth three sev'all Executions one at the Suit of Joseph Jackson for
I4li. iss. 2d. another at the Suit of Charles Peace for 7li. i6s. & at the Suite of John
Kosleven for 5li. i6s. & one comon proces at the Suite of George Hall.
John Bartin charged"with an Execution at the Suit of Jonathan Lee gent, for 4li. 17s. 2d.
And upon another Execution at the Suite of Elizabeth Turner for I4li. 15s. 8d.
Robert Tissington charged wth a Cap : at the Suite of Richard Dakeyne & alsoe wth an
Execution for the Sume of I2li. Ijs. 6d. and wth one comon p'ces at the Suite
Edmund EUott.
John White charged in Execution at the Suit of Godfrey Stansall for the Sume of
loli. 15s. 6d.
Samuel Foram charged wth a Cap : at the Suit of Winnifrid Poole for 40li. Debt.
Elizabeth Sijiith charged wth an execution at the suit of William Lowden for lili. i8s, 4d.
and alsoe wth a Comon warrt at the Suit of Thomas Innocent.
John Lambert charged wth an Execution at the Suite of William Uttersall Debt 7li. 2s. lod.
A List of the prisoners in the Gaole for the County of Derby that was heard at this
Sessions but not discharged.
Jeremiah Ward upon a Cap : at the Suit of Thomas Jennings Debt 53li. & in execution 4oli.
Debt 4od. costs.
Continued because first charged wth above looli.
John Higton upon a Cap at the Suit of Jane Farmore Debt 40li. at the Suit of Richard
Burbridge upon a Cap : 5oli. at the Suit of Francis Garret upon a Cap looli. at the
Suite of Francis Garret-another Cap 40li. at the Suit of John Osbourne a Cap : looli.
at the Suit of Anthony Fitzherbert a Cap : 40li. at the suit of Thomas Daykn a Cap.
looli. at the Suit of Thomas Walker a Cap : 6oli.
Continued because charged above 200li.
Edward Needham at the Suit of Thomas Chapman upon a Cap. 25li. at the Suit of Richard
Allen a Cap : 34li. at the Suite of Rebecca Sale a Cap : 25li. at the Suit of Richard
Allen Danll Biichcroft John Lord upon a Comission of Bankrupt.
Continued because charged with above 20oli.
William Blackwell upon a Cap : at the Suit of John Upton Esqr : 20U. at the suit of Alice
Stamford a Cap lOoli.
Continued worth above loli.
Rowland Swann upon a Cap : at the Suit of Laurence Pott loli. and at the Suit of John
Hollingworth a Cap 1411.
Remanded because once heard before this Sessions.
William Yates upon an Action of Privilidge charged Nothing at the Suit of John Chambers
and at the Suit of Thomas Walker a Cap 40li.
Continued worth above loli.
Richard Wright upon a Cap : at the Suite Samuel Ward charged nothing upon an other
Cap : at the Suit of George Tomlinson charged nothing and upon a Cap : at the Suit
of Robert Burton i61i. -^
Continued worth above loli.

24 'three CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Thomas Briggs upon a Cap : at the Suit of John Briggs loli. and in Execution at the Suit
of Paul Jenkinson Barrt. 4oli.
Continued worth above loli.
John Williamson upon a Cap : at the Suite of John Turner gent 20oli. upon a feigned action.
Remanded charged wth above 200li.
William Barlow upon a Cap : at the Suit of William Cockle 2oIi. at the Suit of George
Storer a Cap loli.
Continued worth above loli.
William Alton a Cap : charged nothinge at the Suite of John Hayne and a Cap : at the Suit
of William Purdue charged 22li.
Continued worth above loli.
Joseph Austen in execution at the Suite of Joane Hallowes Debt looli.
Remanded because charged with above 20oli . in execution.
Prisoners in Chesterfield Gaole for the Lib'ty of the hundred of Scarsdale that was heard
at this Sessions But Not discharged.
George Brough charged in Execution at the Suit of Paul Jenkinson Barrt. for 7oli.
Continued worth above loli.
Adam Blackoe charged wth two Sev'all Cap : Isueinge forth of their Matys Cort of Record
at Chesterfield one at the Suite of Robert Ward and the other at the Suite of Revell
Coply and Since that charged wth sev'all Warrts Issued forth of their Matys Cort of
Comon Pleas at Westm : (viz) one at the Suite of Robert Ward for 40li. another at the
Suite of AUce Stamford widd. for lOoli. another at the Suit of John Upton & Anthony
Upton for 24li. another at the Suit of Mr. Thomas Statham upon a ppr : 2oli. another
comon Processe at the Suite of William Oldfield and Since hee the said Adam Blackoe
tooke his Oath in order to his discharge was charged wth another warrt at the Suite of
Thomas Bagshaw gent for 20oli.
In 1695, the following petition reached the court : —
To the Honble and right WorpU his Maties Justices of peace and Quar' at their
Generall Quarter Sessions held at Derby for the County of Derby upon Tuseday the
fourteenth of this Instant January, Ano Dom. 1695
Humbly Sheweth
That your poore Petitioner William Ward of Goatham in the parish of Parwich in this
County Labourer hath bin Prisoner in this County Goale for debt about 2 yeares, who hath
a Wife & three small Children and now great with Child againe. And hath nothing to
Mentain himselfe upon but the bare alowance of the saide Goale ; And that his wife for
want of a Livelyhood, and wherewthall to pay her Landlords rent was Necessitated to
Leave her habitation and her Children to the Charge of the said Parish. Therefore your
poore Petitioner humbly prayes this Honourable Bench to take the premises into your
serious Considerations and grant your poore Petitioner's Wife an order of Court to the said
Parish for a Weekly 'alowance, dureing youre poore Petitioners Confinmt. That she may
returne again into the said Parish to her Children as also for an Habitation, And youre
Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray etc.
There are various other petitions of about this date to the court,
from debtors, still extant among the county papers, but the above will
suffice as an example.
At the Michaelmas Sessions, 17 13, it was ordered that " the Goale
Windowes be mended and a Chimney in the Debtors Goale be alsoe
Repaired and other Repaires about the Fyerharthe in ye said Debtors

DEBTORS. 25
Goale be done by the Treasurer of this County who is to pay for ye
doing thereof"
At the Summer Sessions of 1715, there was a further discharge of
imprisoned debtors, as witness a transcript of an order then made : —
" Ordered that the persons whose names are under prisoners in the
County Goal & also the two prisoners under mentioned to be in the
Goal of the Burrow of Derby be discharged and released according
to the act of Parhamt lately made for the releasing of Insolvent
debtors. John Dicken. William Crosley.
John Farnworth. Humphrey Gregory.
Richd Cantrell. Anthony Heathcote.
John Peach. Ralph Hudson.
John Woodwarde. Margarett Bagshaw.
William Shaw. Richd Millhouse.
Peter Kenyon. Elizabeth Lowe.
Martin Thompson. Thomas Braddock.
In the Burrow Goal
John Blande and Edward Gillott."
In 1718, Joseph Walker, the county gaoler, was indicted for
extortion in taking unreasonable fees from one William Wilders, a
debtor ; and further for lodging William Wilders and other debtors
with the felons.
The old scandal with regard to the bread allowance keeps
continually recurring. " The poor Prisoners in Derbyshire Goal for
Debt'' thus addressed the justices in 1731 — "Whereas yr Worships
are pleased to allowe a pound of Bread each day, and finding it not
sufficient to support Nature, and if not handy craftsmen are sorely
Starved for want of Bread, and some hath had no bread for 24
houres. We once more make Intercession to yr worships for the
former allowance of Bread, and having short Weight from the Bakers,
and of Late been Less than usual (Mr. Weston excepted who sends
us good bread and good weight). We Crave yr Worships Charity
towards yr poor Petitioners that we may have our bread full Weight
and our former allowance.
L. Atterbury. Edward Hurd.
W. Brough. Ed. Bradbury.
James Lee. Robt. Handforth."

26 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
There is an entry in the orders at Mich. Session.s, 1737, that eleven
prisoners for debt were discharged, in accordance with the Act for
the relief of insolvent debtors (10 Geo. II).
In 1747, the following graphic letter was received from the debtors
of Derby gaol by Mr. Richard Bagshawe, one of the county justices,
giving the most painful details as to their cruel treatment. It is
addressed " To Richard Bagshaw Esq at Castleton. To be left at
Mr. Kirkman's at Chesterfield. Post paid, and so forwarded with
speed." *
Worshipful Sir
We are unfortunate prisoners for debt in the Sheriff's prison for Derbyshire, & are
sorry to trouble your Worship with an affair of this kind ; but it is necessity obliges Us to
apply to your worship with this complaint against John Greatorex (present Gaoler) of his
Exactions & abuses Upon Us & all his late prisoners ever since he has been in office, which
is but about a year & an half, We have not at this Time wherewithal to imploy Counsel to
move your worship & the rest of the Justices at the next Sessions in a Suitable manner.
Therefore humbly desire you'll be pleased to excuse this our freedom, & tenderly beg you'll
be so good to read this our long & tedious petition & consider our unhappy Case, & be
pleased to assist us in our present Calamities, that we may be dealt withal as Human
Creatures, which we shall always acknowledge with the most greatest acknowledgments &
be ever obliged to pray for you & your families health & prosperity, & the which we .shall
ever confess the Greatest charity that can be done for us.
The Goalers Exactions are truly sett forth in the Shortest Manner we are able to
prevent troubleing you too much & the which so far as concerns us separately we are
ready to verify upon Oath & can sufficiently prove every Individual of the rest by
undiniable Evidences so farr as concerns all those prisoners that are released which
some of us can testifye of our own knowledge in a great measure & which are as
follows, to wit
That Jno Greatorex was placed in his Office of Goaler but abt a year & an half since That
he keeps a publick house & retails Spirituous Liquors at Exhorbitant prices which as well
as exacting great premiums to wit 8d. a week for each prisoners' Dyet & Lodging is of great
Prejudice to ye prisoners by reason they dare not send for necessaries elsewhere without
being abused by the Goaler, & if prisoners have a mind to live in the house & spend extra
vagantly they are admitted to go at large & do as they please ; but if they leave the house &
go into the Goal then they are sure to be abused which is most of our cases. That the
Goaler & his Wife have agreed for her to have the sole Managemt of the prisoners, he to
have so much a Week & to take his pleasure. That the Gaoler's Wife exacts 3s. 6d.
Garnish of every prisoner that lyes ith house, and also 3s. 6d. Garnish when they go into
the Goal, & likewise 3s. 6d. when charged with a fresh Action, & on refusal she causes 'em
to be stript & even sells their Cloaths to raise the Garnish, if prisoners Goods are left in
her custody by the Carrier or other Messenger she exacts Money of the prisoners before she
will part 'em a little before last Assizes she forceably took one of the prisoners Bedding
from him on pretence of the Messenger that brought it owed her a shilling, which Bedding
she denyed before Mr. Gisborne, notwithstanding she stopt 8d. in part, but since the Assizes
she extorted another Shilling, then she deliver'd the Goods, she also extorted Is. 6d. more
from the same prisoner for another parcell of Goods delivered to her, on pretence of carriage,
• being in all 3s. 2d. which was clear money to her, for we were lately informed that the

¦ This letter has been kindly supplied to us by Mr. W. H. G. Bagshawe.

DEBTORS. 27
Messenger that brought the Bedding paid for what he called for & that the Carrier was paid
for the other Goods. That the Goalers Wife has ordered lyce & other Filth to be put into
the prisoners Beds & other places in the Goal, & turned the Debtors out of their rooms &
put in many felons with their Gang amongst the Debtors & suffered 'em to lye there for half
a year together, that she has fed great numbers of Geese in the prison with nasty Granes
which caused an insufferable stench, that she has lockt up the Outmost Door of the prison
for a fortnight together to prevent the prisoners getting in their necessaries & receiving
charities brought for them, That she has lockt the Door of the Walk on the Goal for ten
weeks together to hinder the prisoners having the Benefit of the Air & even prevented 'em
making use of the water in the Hall of the prison. That when some of the prisoners were
in Liquor she has robbed 'em of their money & other Things & even caused their Shoes to
be pulled of to search for money, that when the prisoners wives & other persons came to
see 'em & to bring 'em necessaries she forces Liquor on them or they must not return out
of prison, That several Charities has been given to her for the prisoners but she has kept it
for her own use, That the County allows us each a Shief of Straw the month to lye upon,
but the Goaler applyes that charity mostly to his own use, some of us having had only five
Shieves i'th year. That the Goaler suffers a Whelp to lye i'th goal all Night for this half
year which makes nasty work i'th Goal, That he suffers a Vile man, who was last Assizes
sentenced to be imprisoned for treasonable words to lye amongst the Debtors and in the day
time to go at large where he pleases. And the Goaler has suffered and done a great many
more such like Exactions and abuses upon Us too tedious to mention and in short does every
thing he can to annoy us in order to deter others from leaving his house.
At the last Assizes the Judges were petitioned against the Goaler, and they ordered the
Grand Jury to come down and examine into the Affairs, which they did and examined 4 or
5 of the prisoners there being as many more to examine, but the Jury said they were satisfied
and did not examine the whole and upon their reporting the Matter to the Judge we were
credibly informed that his Lordship reprimanded the Goaler and discharged him keeping a
publick house, and desired the Justices to make some Rules and Orders for the better
Government of the Prison and to settle the Goalers fees according to the Statute.
Since the Assizes both the Goaler and his wife have used us worse and they declared they
valued not our petition, and the Goaler said what his Wife did was right and that he
would vindicate her and that we should suffer for what we had done, boasting of his friends
that interceded on his behalf, they also declared they valued not Mr. Gisborn, what had he
to do with their prisoners, they wld do what they pleased with Us, and even the other day
the Goaler declared he'd be revenged on some of us.
Indeed, Sir, we are most miserably dealt with all not being suffered to have anybody to
come at us ever since the Assizes till within this day or two (the Goaler expecting we shall
complain at the next Sessions agt him) tho' some of us may go down into the house to
people, but others of us are not suffered, and in that Manner, we are distressed and even
compelled to spend our money with 'em. Nay they even provoke us as much as they can
possibly to mutiny in order to take that advantage and confine us more but we are resolved
to be content and bare our Burthen with patience.
Inclosed is a draft of the Rules and Orders for the better Govement of this prison with a
Table of the Goalers Fees, which We recommend to you Worships Consideration to settle
and adjust as you think proper, a great many of 'em being taken out from those now in the
King's Bench prison, And we humbly beg that your Worship will cause some Rules and
Orders to be settled and established this next Sessions that we may be dealt w'thall as is
becoming to Christians, and that we may not be given up as a prey to mercenary and
inhuman Goalers.
And we as in Duty bound shall ever pray etc.
C. Girling, Tho. Johnson, Henary Lowe
Bernard Gregory, Bennit Higton, John Clay.
Derby Goal, 1st October, 1747.

28 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Sr, We humbly beg Liberty to disclose to your worship who this Goalers wife is, by which
you may have a better Idea of her life and conversation. She was the pretended wife of
Roger Johnson who was hanged at Tyburn some years ago, and who was partner with
Jonathan Wild— she has often boasted of Roger's having a Ship of his own and of their
merchandizing in Flanders and elsewhere, and of his being cast into Newgate, and of her
renting the Tap there with Mary Geary, and how she used to manage the prisoners there,
and of her being in several other Goals. We need not trouble your worship any further
only her present conduct and behaviour as well to the prisoners here as also to others is
manifestly known amongst all her present neighbours. Her son Christopher Johnson has
taken advantage of prisoners when in Liquor and picked their pocketts, he has also
committed several Robberies upon others and even attempted to Robb a Neighbours money
Cupboard, he was Catched in the fact, but what money he took could not be guessed at
though he was seen to give his mother some money saying at same time, here's all I gott
when I gett any more I will give it you (being overheard to say so), but what money it was
cant yet be known— nay, even he wld have persuaded that Neighbours Daughter, whom he
attempted to robb, to go upstairs to search their Boxes, for that he had Keys and could
open 'em.
At the Mich. Sessions, 1748, complaint was again made against the
gaoler by the debtors, as to extortionate fees and other offensive
conduct, and a committee of the justices living nearest to the town of
Derby was appointed to draw up and amend the table of fees.
The condition of the debtors was materially improved in the new
gaol erected in 1756, which has been already described.

Ibousea of Correction.
Each county had for the most one or two minor prisons, in addition
to the county and borough gaols, for the detention of small offenders,
long before the days of Elizabeth. But it was not until after the
monasteries, with all their eleemosynary functions, had been so
hastily swept away, that the term " House of Correction " came into
general use. Early Elizabethan legislation provided that in every
shire there should be at least one house of correction for rogues,
vagabonds, and sturdy beggars.* In the next reign, the purposes of
the house of correction were more specially defined ; in addition to
their being the places for the detention of rogues, and vagabonds, and
those who by incorrigible and dangerous habits set the local constable
at defiance, all such poor persons as would not employ themselves on
appointed work were therein to be imprisoned. The shires were
ordered to provide their houses of correction with " convenient back-

" 18 Elizabeth, i;. 3.

HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 29
sides thereto adjoining together with mills, turns, cards, and such like
necessary imployment to set the rogues and other idle persons on."
By the same statute it was also provided that women having bastards
chargeable to the parish might be therein detained.* To these
houses, constables, overseers, and afterwards excisemen brought their
prisoners in the first instance ; and to the same places the justices
occasionally committed those sentenced to short terms of imprison
ment. In the time of Elizabeth and the first Stuarts, there were three of
these smaller gaols in Derbyshire, namely, at Derby, Chesterfield,
and Ashbourne ; and to these, at a later date, were added Wirksworth
and Tideswell. But we are able to learn little about them in detail
until the second half of the seventeenth century.
The Derby House of Correction for county offenders (for there
was another one pertaining to the borough) used to be situate in
Walker Lane, but in 1756 it was amalgamated with the county gaol,
and both prisons brought under the same roof The earliest entry of
any length among the county records with regard to this prison is
the following petition from the keeper ; it is undated, but is about
the year 1662 : —
To the right worshipfuU the Justices of peace at the Sessions houlden for the County
of Darby.
The humble petition of Thomas Sharman, Master of the house of Corection in
Darby, Humbly Sheweth,
That whereas formerly the antient pay to the house of Correction in Darby, hath beene
full duble & more to the pay of the other two houses of Corretion of Chesterfeild &
Ashborne, in regard of Continuall attendance, both at the Assises & Sessions, or at any
other meeting of the Justices in the Shire townes, yet may it please you to be informed that
the aforesd house of Correction in Darby, is made equall, nor worse than the other for the
master of the house of Correction in Chesterfeild, hath a house found him by an order from
the Sessions, for the uphoulding, maintaining, & repairing of the same house, at the Cost
& Charge of the County, whereas your petitioner finds himselfe a house, & doth uphould
& maintaine the same, at his owne proper Cost and Charges, soe that the late vendings of
the lease, & the greate repaire of the same, to make it fit for the present hath beene a greate
hindrance to your petitioner, his raising of a stocke for the imploying of the prisoners
which youre worships hath or shalbe pleased hereafter to Commit to his Charge,
Your petitioners humble request therefore is, that your good worships will be pleased, to
take my inst. cause into youre serious considerations, and to order that he may have an
amendment of his wages, according as he was promised at the first by this worshipfuU bench,
and that to be payd twice a yeare at Midsumer & Christmas, if it be but one shilling more
a trained souldier on" every pay day, which will but rise to 3s. 6d. the trained souldier to bee
payd .... by the two hundreds assygned to this house of correction .... [defective].
* 7 James I., c. 4. The more important later legislation affecting houses of correction is
in statutes 12 George II., c. 29, and 17 George II., c. 5.

30 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Female gaolers seem then to have been the fashion in the county ;
we have already chronicled their appointment to the county gaol,
and we now find that they also acted as keepers of the lesser prisons.
On the death of Thomas Sharman, he was succeeded by his daughter.
On the daughter's death, Thomas Walker received the appointment,
and when Walker died in 1695, the justices were asked to appoint
his married daughter, Mrs. Taylor, the precedent of Sharman's
daughter being urged. The following letter from Sir Robert Wilmot
to his brother justices will be read with interest : — July nth, 1695.
I am earnestly soUicitcd by this Bearer Mrs. Taylor, Daughter to Mr. Walker, late Master
of ye House of Correction, to Recommend her to your Favour to have the office to be
continued to her for some few years untill her son is of Age to performe and Execute ye
same. She affirmes the like was once don to a woman (Mr. Shermans daughter) immediate
predecessor to Mr. Walker : she further sayth yt she is in all Respects ready prepared to
execute the same) as she hath don for this 7 or 8 years last past, dureing which time her
father, Mr. Walker, hath bene very infirme and helplesse : and farther also affirmed that it
is very well knowne yt she is more than ordinarily qualified to oversee and direct those
under her charge in such imployments and manufactures as most proper to imploy you in.
My humble opinion would have been, if I had been so well as to have waited upon you at
Bakewell, yt she would probably, by reason of her long experience execute ye office as well,
or better, than any a stranger thereto, and it would be of some conveniency that she is in
possession of a House fitted for ye purpose, for this comty, as I take it, hath no County
House, as other have provided at ye Charge of ye County. But my opinion, together with
my humble service hereby presented is wholly submitted to yr judgement, who am yr
humble servant Robert Wilmot.
There was, however, another applicant for this post in the person
of Apothecary Fletcher, who applied in the following terms, but we
have not been able to ascertain which candidate was successful : —
To the WorppfuU The Justices of Peace for ye County of Derby.
The humble petition of Geo : fletcher late of Derby apothecary and Licentiate in Phisick
Sheweth Providence this Juncture of time hath brought him the said Geo : Fletcher from
Ireland, Aged & in meane State Tho healthy Active, Welknowne times past to many for
his publick works to his Cost etc.
The master of The house of Corection in Derby being vacant by the death of Mr,
Tho: Walker,
The prayer is That your Worpps will Settle your suppliant to be Keeper of "the said house
of Correction in Derby to doe. And Receive all that Legally belongeth to the said Employ
And your petitioner shall pray for your healths, & happiness etc.
I doe not doubt but to have had his Grace the Duke of Devonshire's recomendation to
this Employ had I had an opportunity upon ye account of that Service his Grace was pleased
to put upon mee in the late revolution.
The considerable discretionary powers vested in keepers of houses
of correction is illustrated by an entry on the Orders at Mich,

HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 31
Sessions, 1719, with respect to Grace Rowe, committed to the house
of correction at Derby for three months for stealing a gown, wherein
the justices order her " to be kept to hard labour and severely
punished in such manner and as often as the Master thereof shall
think fitt."
Abraham Ward, tallow chandler, was appointed by the justices to
the post of master of this prison in the summer of 173 1, on the death
of Jonathan Mead.
The office of master or keeper of the Derby house of correction
was amalgamated with that of county gaoler in 1756.
The Chesterfield house of correction was for the two hundreds of
Scarsdale and the High Peak. The earliest prison of this character
at Chesterfield, of which we have any record, was built in 1615, on the
bank of the little river' Hipper ; the building was as odious as its
situation. The piece of ground on which it was erected was conveyed
in fee to Lord William Cavendish and others, " for ye buildinge of a
house of correction for suche persons as shoulde bee apprehended
within the hundreds of Scarsdale & High Peake."
During the latter part of the Commonwealth period the following
petition was presented to the justices by the master : —
To the Right WorpU the Justices of Peace for the County of Derby.
The humble Petition of John Whittaker Maister of the house of Correction in Chesterfield.
Sheweth That whereas att the Generall Quarter Sessions of ye peace houlden att Derby the 14th
of July in the two & twentith yeare of ye late Kings Raigne, your petitioner had then an
Order graunted unto him by ye Courte that hee should continue Maister of ye said 'house
of Correction, & to have wages for ye same as formerly. And that ye said house of
Correction should be repayred & amended, & soe uphould at ye generall charge of ye
Inhabitants wthin ye hundreds of High Peak & Scarsdale as formerly & nothing is yett
done in it
Yett soe it is, may it please this WorpU Bench that notwithstandinge the sd Order the
High Constables for the sd Hundreds of High Peake &; Scarsdale, doe detayne & Keepe
backe a great part of your petitioners accustomed wages, as your petitioner cann make it
evident in every p'ticular (as may appeare uppon ye Indorsement of this petition) your
petitioner haveinge alsoe lost much tyme and expended his monies in travelling to soUicite
them for ye same. In which regards (togeather with ye hardnes of ye present tymes, & ye
former losses your petitioner sustained in ye sd house, in ye beginninge of these troubles)
your Petitioner is much impoverished, & not well able to subsist.
May it therefore please your good Worpps to take ye premisses into your grave con
siderations & to graunt your petitioner such further order whereby hee may receive ye
monies soe in arrears from ye sd high Constables, & alsoe for tyme to come Receive his
wages, either at every Quarter Sessions as it shall grow due, or aft some such certaine tyme
as your Worpps shall thinke fitt to appointe, it being formerly levyed after ye Rate of 2s. 6d.
for every trayned souldier.
And your petitioner as in duty bound shall pray etc.

32 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In 1730, Joshua Needham, on account of his infirmities, was
repioved from the office of master, and Samuel Elliot, on the petition
of the mayor and chief residents, was appointed by the justices in
his place.
At the Mich. Sessions, 1741, the court decided to suppress the
Chesterfield house of correction as unnecessary, but the master,
Samuel Elliott was to continue to live there, and to receive ;^io per
annum. However, at the summer sessions of 1744, ^^he justices
reversed their decision, and re-opened this house of correction.
From the annual financial reports, we find that George Bretland
was master in 1782, at a salary of ;^20 ; John Glossop, in 1784, at
;^26 5s., soon afterwards increased to ;^30 ; and that Daniel Glossop
was appointed master in 1800, and John Roberts in 1819 at a like
stipend. In the accounts of 1789-90 there is a query, which does not
surprise us, against an item of $s. 6d. for a pack of cards for the
constable of Pleasley, charged against the county, and appearing in
the accounts of the master of the Chesterfield house of correction !
We can only suppose that the constable ordered them whilst waiting
there with a prisoner. In the year 18x5 upwards of £SS0 was spent
by the county on the Chesterfield prison. In 1820, J. Walker was
appointed surgeon to the prison at a salary of ;f 20.
The earliest record of the Ashbourne house of correction, beyond
its mere mention, occurs in the following petition presented to the
justices in 1660, on behalf of a loyalist ironmonger: —
To the Right WorpU the Justices of the Peace for the County of Derbie.
Wee whose Names are subscribed, Inhabitants within the Town & Parish of Ashbume, &
other neighbours thereto adjoyning, do certifie unto your Worps, That George Woods of the
said Towne & Parish, Ironmonger^ having been faythfuU & Loyall during the Troubles to
his Matie, is in our Judgemts both in respect of his Trade and his AbUitie and honestie a
very fitt person to bee constituted and intrusted the Keeper of the house of Correction in
the said Towne. And wee humbly desire Your Worps (if yee shall judge it meet, as wee
hope you will) that by Your Order hee may bee setled in & intrusted with the said Office
accordingly. Dated the 2 1st day of December in the twelvth year of ye Reign of our
Soveraign Lord Charles ye second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France
and Ireland, Defender of the Faith etc.
' Jo : Milward. .. Edward Cooper.
Anne Cokayne. Richard Wallton.
- Thomas Cokayne. _ Robert Yates.
Francis Sleigh. William Walker.
Roger Jackson. George Bowne.
Thomas Brown, vicar ibm. ..- Thomas Sheepie.
-Hen : Knyveton sen. WUliam Bradshawe.
Hen : Walker. Abraham Cade.

HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 33
Francis Beresford Sr. Robert Hemsworth.
Francis Beresford Jr. Ben : Taylor.
Edward Browne. Jo : Hayne.
Wm. Frogott. R.ilph Eyre.
Antho : Eaton. Robert Shatwall.
Ralph Norton. Henery Reade.
John Lee. — John Mellor.
GUbt Swift. Robert Buxton.
Arthur Buxton.
A petition of 1677 gives us the name of the then master of the
Ashbourne house of correction, together with that of his pre
decessor : —
The humble petition of WiUiam Cantrell Mr. of the house of correction at Ashborne,
humbly sheweth unto yor worshipps That whereas yor petitioner was constituted Mr. of the
said House after the decease of one Abraham Greenewood formerly Mr. thereof whoe dyed
indetted & yor petitioner paid to his wife towards the mayntenance of her & her children 22 /»'
& alsoe expended 20 li in buildinge a house for the securinge of prisoners which hath much
weakened yor petitioners estate & occasioned him to neglect his tradinge, yor petitioner
therefore prayeth that if it bee yor worshipps pleasures to remove yor petitioner from his
place to take it into consideration that some reasonable allowance may bee given yor
petitioner towards his disbursements & that his arreares for halfe a yeare may bee paid to yor
poor petitioner.
One of the incidental duties of the masters of these prisons is
named in the Orders of 1 719. A sheepstealer was ordered by the
justices to be whipped in open market at Ashbourne in the forenoon,
and at Dovebridge in the afternoon ; and for quelling any disturbance
that might be attempted by his relatives or confederates, the keeper
of the Ashbourne house of correction (who was to administer the
punishment) was to take with him the late Act of Parliament for
quelling riots, and to publicly read it before each flogging.
At the Epiphany Sessions, 1722, it was decided to build a new
house of correction at Ashbourne.
In 1765, James Hurd resigned the keepership of this house of
correction, and Thomas Litton, jun., was appointed in his place at a
salary of £lS. The salary was raised to £2$ in 1787. In 1790,
;^33 7s. was expended for the purchase of ground for building another
house of correction, but in 1813 a yet larger one was required, and
;^270 was expended on the site. The new building was finished in
1815 at a cost of ;^2,252 Ss. iid. In the same year a new master,
J. W. Whiston, was appointed, at a salary of ;^ 2 5, but the salary was
raised two years later to ;^SO. In 1820, the Rev. T. Gibbs was made
chaplain at a salary of £'^0.

34 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Up to the reign of Queen Anne, the hundred of the High Peak
had been content to share with the hundred of Scarsdale in the
Chesterfield house of correction, but in the year 1711 it was decided
that the High Peak should have a prison of its own, and though
Bakewell was originally named for the purpose, the more central
claims of Tid.es"well prevailed. The following are the entries in the
Orders of the Easter and Trans. Sessions for that year : —
After reading her Majtyes Declaration agt Immorality & prophanes and upon application
made to this Court that some more easye method might be taken for ye Punishmt of wicked
and disorderly p'sons and discouragement of vice and more strict observation of ye Royall
Commands in the said Declaration, And this Court takeing into their Sessions' Consideration
in what manner to p'vide for the poore, the vast charge expense and burthen whereof this
County in a lamentable manner labours under. And likewise how the Laws against Rogues
Vagabonds to be loose and disorderly p'sons may more effectually be put in Execution, And
it being represented 10 this Court that the Hundred of High Peake and a great p'te of the
County thereunto adjoyninge are very much discouraged and in some measure disabled from
Setting up Manufactures for employment of the poore & punishmt of Vagrants and Idle
dissolute p'sons for want of some convenient Prison Goale or house of Correction for ye
punishmt of such like p'sons It was this day Ordered And this Court doth Order that a
house of Correction shall be Erected and established at Tidswell in this County, And that
William Shore of Tidswell aforesaid shall be, and is hereby appointed Master or keeper of
the same, and shall imediately enter on the said Office.
This day on Reading the Petitions from the Gentlemen and Freeholders in the
Hundred of High Peake returning their thanks to this Court for the Order of the last
General Quartr Sessions of the Peace for this County whereby an house of Correccion was
appointed and Ordered to be Erected at Tidswell in this County and that William Shore of
the said Towne should be Master and keeper thereof, and praying that a Competent yearely
Sallery might be allowed, to the said William Shore, for the Same ; And it now on debate
of the premises, appearing to this Court, that the Law cannot so effectuaUy be put in
Execution without the said House of Correction, And the said William Shore haveing
behaved himselfe honestly and dilligently in the said office since the said last Sessions. It
is this day Unanimously Ordered by this Court that the Order of the said last Generall
Quarter Sessions for ye Erecting and appointing of the said house of Correction, and the
said William Shore keeper or Master thereof, shall be & is hereby confirmed. And this Court
doth further Order and appoint that the sd William Shore shall Sc is hereby allowed twenty
pounds and for the same to Comence and begin from the said last General Quarter Sessions,
being the tenth day of April last past. And the Treasurer of this County is hereby Ordered
& appointed, from tyme to tyme, out of the County Treasure to pay the same.
The method of passing vagrants being altered by the Vagrant Act
o^ i739j all houses of correction became filled with tramps. This
brought about a dispute between the justices of the counties of Derby
and Nottingham about vagrants being sent out of certain parts of
Nottinghamshire to the Chesterfield prison. The Derbyshire justices
closed the Chesterfield house to the vagrants of the neighbouring
shire, whereupon a mandamus was obtained to compel their admis
sion. The Derbyshire justices, in their obstinacy, took the expensive

HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 35
step of entirely closing the Chesterfield prison by an order of 1741,
as has been already recorded. The consequence of this order was
that a great increase of vagrants were sent on to the small house of
correction at Tideswell, " frequently 20 of a night and generally 30 or
more in a week." The space for confining vagrants at Tideswell was
" only 6J ft. in length by S ft. 7 in. in breadth, and not of strength
sufficient to secure them without keeping a continued guard," so that
at the Trans. Sessions held at -Bakewell in 1741 the master complained
of insufficient accommodation, and, after a formal presentment by the
grand jury, the following order was made : — " High Peak House of
Correction, being Presented by the Grand Jury to be out of Repair
and not sufficient to hold the Prisoners, it is ordered by this Court
that Richard Bagshawe and Thomas Chetham Esqrs., two of His
Majesty's Justices of the Peace for this County do view the same and
lay out what they think proper for the necessary Repairs thereof and
make their Report thereof at the next Sessions to be held for the
County." In pursuance of the above order several estimates for repairing were
laid before these two justices, the lowest of which was ;£^40. Think
ing this too large a sum to expend on someone else's freehold, they
declined repairing the house, and reported to subsequent sessions.
Whereupon, at the Trans. Sessions, 1744, an order was made
empowering Messrs. Bagshawe and Chetham to purchase a suitable
house at Tideswell, and to convert it into a house of correction, the
money to be raised in the usual way by rate on the hundred per
trained soldier. At the next sessions these two justices informed the
court that they had purchased a house at Tideswell, subject to the
goodness of the title, and an order was made for ;^So to be raised and
paid to Mr. Bagshawe for the purchase and conversion of this house.
But the title proving defective, the agreement was at an end, and a
suitable house was not found till 1746, when a vote of ^40 was
recorded, and another vote of £'^4. is. 6d., in 1747, to complete the
purchase and building, both sums to be paid to Mr. Bagshawe.
These several sums having been raised and expended in the purchase
and repairs of the house, the attorney's bill of law charges only
remained, and the same was presented to the court by Mr. Chetham
at the Mich. Sessions held at Chesterfield in 1747. Whereupon
Mr. Bache Thornhill, who only qualified as a justice at these sessions,
objected to the former proceedings as being irregular for want of a
presentment by the grand jury, and Messrs. Bagshawe and Chetham

36 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
being the only other justices present, declined proceeding in the matter,
although they, being in a majority, could have made any order that
they thought proper. At the next January Sessions, held at Derby,
before a full court, and without any notice to Messrs. Bagshawe and
Chetham, who were not present, the previous orders by which the
sums had been levied and expended on the Tideswell house of
correction were cancelled on account of the absence of grand jury
presentments,* and it was further ordered "that the Clerk of the
Peace of this County do wait on the said Mr. Bagshawe and
Mr. Chetham to Demand that the said sums of money by them
received by virtue of the said Recited Orders be by them Repaid
into the Hands of the said Treasurer and that in case they shall
refuse to comply with such Demand the said Clerk of the Peace is to
take the opinion of counsel touching the Proper Method of Com
pelling them to repay the sd Sums of Money."
The only excuse for this high-handed treatment by the court of two
of their brother justices, is that it was probably brought about through
pressure from the freeholders through the grand juries, as they were
usually very jealous of their rights of initiating the financial business
of the county. Naturally enough, Messrs. Bagshawe and Chetham
refused to comply with the demand to restore the money {£ 144 is. 6d.),
which they had expended on the authority of three different orders
of the court. The opinion of three separate counsel was taken by
the two justices, and they united in believing that, if the money paid
by the county treasurer was honestly and fairly laid out for the
benefit of the county by the two justices to the best of their
judgment, no criminal procedure would lie against them if they had
erred, and that there would be considerable difficulty about any
proceeding for the recovery of the money. They were further
advised not to refund and to let matters take their course. Apparently
this advice was followed, and the idea of recovery seems to have
been abandoned. t
From the treasurer's accounts, we find that William Shore, junior,
was master of the Tideswell house of correction in 1782, at a salary
of ;£'2o, and that the following were subsequently appointed masters
*As to the financial powers of grand juries, see Section ii., pp. 117, 118 of Vol. i.
Jl resentments by grand jury in connection with houses of correction are especially provided
for in the statutes 13, 14, and 17 George II. t- .' r
G.^B^gsh^we °^ "'^'^ particulars, we are indebted to original papers lent us by Mr. W. H.

HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 37
or keepers at a like salary: — 1797, Thomas Bagshawe; 1803,
Samuel Mather; 1804, George Sheldon; 1805, William Sheldon.
The county spent over ;£'6oo upon a new house of correction at
Tideswell in the year 18 16.
In 1827, the county incurred expenses amounting to £6 12s. od.
in having a pew erected in Tideswell church and allotted to the house
of correction.
There was a house of correction at Wirks'Worth in the reign of
Charles IL, but for some reason with which we are not acquainted, it
was subsequently suppressed. In the reign of George II., strong
efforts were made to secure its re-establishment. The inhabitants of
Wirksworth petitioned the court of Quarter Sessions to the following
effect : — " That Wirksworth is a very populous place and greatly
oppressed with Poor by reason of the Mines now in decay. That in
order to their better maintenance (the present yearly pay amounting
near six shillings in the pound) your Petitioners are erecting of
Workhouses and establishing a manufacture for their employment,
but neither the undertaker nor your Petitioners can proceed therein
without an house of Correction be continued there as formerly."
The petition was largely and influentially signed, and included the
names of Charles Hurt, Thomas and Philip Gell, John Mellor, and
Edward Buxton. Another petition was presented, to a like effect,
from the gentlemen freeholders and inhabitants of the wapentake of
Wirksworth, signed by representatives of the townships of Matlock,
Wensley, Bonsall, Elton, Brassington, Hognaston, and Middleton.
They stated that they paid about a sixth part of the charge of the
maintenance of the houses of correction in the county, and had been
well content to do so, knowing their value, so long as they had one at
Wirksworth, but that the house at Ashbourne " so farr from being
useful is a charge and damage to us being so remote."
The result of these petitions was that the court, at the Trans.
Sessions, 1727, restored the house of correction to Wirksworth, and
re-appointed Richard Wheatcroft to the mastership which he had
previously held. In 1782, James Wingfield was master at a salary of
£\^, which was increased to ;£'20 in 1787. To him succeeded Thomas
Mather in 1797, the salary being raised in 1810 to £2^.
The Poor Law Amendment Acts of 1834 and subsequent years,
and the Police Act of 1839, amended by later Acts of Victoria, have

38 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
rendered houses of correction a superfluity, their place being now
taken by the tramp wards of the union workhouses, and by the
numerous " lock-ups " of our modern police-stations.

Capital puniebment
Though the Court of Quarter Sessions, during the centuries herein
under review, did not possess that power of life and death which in
feudal days pertained to the lords of the great manors, yet the county
papers and records afford occasional proofs of the terrible frequency of
capital punishment. Among a few disjointed Elizabethan papers
is the record of the Derby gaol delivery at the .summer assizes of
1578. There were twenty-one prisoners, all of them apprehended on
suspicion of felony. Of these seven were discharged, one was com
mitted to Nottingham, eight were sentenced to various terms of
imprisonment, and five were hung. The names of those who suffered
death were Peter Greaves, of Bubnell, Thomas Robinson, of Wirks
worth, Eleanor Wright, of Bakewell, Edward Morrys, of Chesterfield,
and Christopher Harrison, of Monyash. At the Derby summer
assizes of 1591 seven were hung. There are also a few gaol delivery
returns of the eighteenth century, from which we find that a man was
hung in 1723 for horse stealing, another in 1726 for a like offence,
and two others in 1727 for the same crime. A woman was hung for
rick burning in 1734. In 1752, a man was hung for sheep stealing,
and in 1753 one for sheep stealing and one for robbing £S 17s. in
money. During the present century many suffered the extreme
penalty of the law at Derby for other offences than murder. In
1800 a man was hung for forgery. The following year was disgraced
by a number of capital sentences, for after the summer assizes of 1801,
the bodies of two convicted of highway robbery, one for house
breaking, and two for sheep stealing, were swung from the Derby
gallows. In 1817, four men were hung for rick firing; in 18 19, one
for highway robbery; in 1825, one for rape; and, in 1833, one for
bestiality — the first who suffered on the gallows of the new gaoL
The punishment of death was abolished in a great number of cases
by Sir Robert Peel's Acts, 1824- 1829. The Criminal Law Consolida
tion Acts of 1 86 1 confined death to wilful murder and high treason.
Public executions, with all their ghastly contagion of evil, were not
abolished until 1868.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. 39
As to other forms of capital punishment besides hanging, it is now
almost quite forgotten that BURNING TO Death was not reserved for
heretics only, and that it has been used within one hundred years.
Women were burnt at the stake not only for high but for petty treason.
Petty treason included the murder of a master by a servant or a
husband by a wife, so that rarely a year passed by in England
without one such sickening a spectacle. In i6oi, a woman was burnt
to death in Windmill Pit, Derby, for poisoning her husband. A girl
in farm service at Swan wick was burnt in 1693 for murdering her
master. So far as we can ascertain, this was the last case in Derby
shire of death by burning, but there were far later instances in other
parts of the country. On the western circuit occurred what were
probably the two last of these cases. In 1782, Rebecca Downing was
burnt for poisoning her master. In 1784, Mary Bayley, of Ports
mouth, was condemned for the murder of her husband ; the judgment
stands thus entered against her — " to be drawn on an hurdle to the
place of execution on Monday the eighth of March, & burned with
fire until she be dead." She was executed by virtue of this sentence,
and her body was burned at the stake only sixteen years before the .
beginning of the nineteenth century.* The punishment of hanging
in these cases was substituted for that of burning in 1790.!
A yet more awful sentence was the peine forte et dure, or the being
Pressed to Death, a judgment, dating from the reign of Henry IV.,
pronounced on those who refused to plead and remained mute.
Before the infliction of this sentence, the accused was warned three
times of the penalty which would attend obstinate silence, and
allowed a short time for consideration. If the prisoner still persisted
in silence, the Judgment of Penance, as it was termed, was thus
pronounced : — " That you be taken back to the prison whence you
came to a low dungeon into which no light can enter ; that you be
laid on your back on the bare floor, with a cloth round your loins,
but elsewhere naked ; that there be set upon your body a weight of
iron as great as you can bear — and greater ; that you have no sus
tenance save, on the first day, three morsels of the coarsest bread, on
the second day three draughts of stagnant water from the pool nearest
to the prison door, on the third again three morsels of bread as before,
and such bread and such water alternately from day to day until you

Pike's "History of Crime in England," Vol. ii., p. 279'
+ 30 George III., c. 48.

40 three CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
die." It has generally been supposed that the case of Major Strange-
ways, pressed to death at the Old Bailey in 1658 on refusing to plead
when charged with the murder of his brother-in-law, was the last
instance of death under the awful penalty ; but the criminal annals of
Derbyshire afford an example several years later, for a woman was
pressed to death in the County Hall, Derby, as a mute, in the year
1665."' As late, however, as 1726 a man charged with murder at
Kingston stood mute, and after the usual warning was placed under
the weight. For an hour and three-quarters he bore the torture and
sustained life under a pressure of four hundredweight. At last he
succumbed and asked for mercy ; he was brought back to the bar and
pleaded " not guilty," but was hung. By an Act of 1772, judgment
was awarded against mutes as if they had been convicted or had
confessed, but a further statute of 1827 directs the court to enter a
plea of " not guilty " when the prisoner refuses to plead.
That disgusting medley of butchery and torture, being HUNG,
Drawn, and Quartered, which our forefathers reserved as the
penalty for high treason, has already been described in the account of
the treatment of the recusants under Elizabeth. To Derbyshire
belongs the discredit of being the last instance in the provinces
in which a modified form of this judgment was carried outt
It was inflicted on the persons of three men of the humblest
position, one a framework-knitter and two stonemasons. In 18 17,
when the distress amongst the labouring classes, especially of the
Midlands, was very severe, and when all projects of constitutional
reforms were stifled, a few half-starved men, excited by the de
signing informers and perjured spies of the Government, formed a
riotous and murderous scheme, which was hatched at the White
Horse, Pentrich. The two or three score of peasantry that took part
in this rising were immediately scattered by the Yeomanry ; but the
policy of the Government was to terrify the people, in the hopes of
suppressing all demands for reform, and therefore the outbreak was
termed a rebellion, and those apprehended were charged with high
treason, and with the crime of levying war against the king and
* A singularly cruel instance of the application of this awful punishment to a woman
occurred at York, on March 2Sth, 1586, when Margaret Clitheroe was pressed to death for
refusing to plead when accused of harbouring Roman Catholic priests and hearing mass,
knowing that if she pleaded she would bring about the death of others. In the last 4to
edition of Challoner s Memoirs there is a ghastly plate, illustrative of this scene.
t -The last instance occurred on May ist, 1820, when the five Cato Street conspirators
were beheaded after being hung.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. 4I
seeking to subvert the state. A special commission, consisting of
four judges, was appointed, and the trials began on October isth.
The proceedings closed on October 2Sth. The greater part of the
prisoners were condemned to transportation, but the capital sentence
for high treason * was pronounced upon three of the ringleaders,
James Brandreth, William Turner, and Isaac Ludlam. On November
1st, the Prince Regent signed the warrant for the execution of these
three misguided peasants, remitting that part of the sentence that
related to quartering, but ordering the hanging, drawing, and
beheading. The High Sheriff, Mr. Thomas Hallowes, after consulta-
tion with the prison surgeon and other officials, contemplated taking off
the heads of the sufferers with a knife, the work to be done by some
one skilled in anatomy, but the idea was abandoned after communica
tion with the authorities in London, and it was settled that the execu
tion should take place in the old way. Two axes were ordered ot
Bamford, a smith of Derby, who was instructed to make them 8|
inches across the edge and one foot long, after the pattern of one
that had been used for beheading and was then in the Tower. On
the morning of Friday, November 7th, the three prisoners received
the Sacrament. Bamford, the smith, attended to knock off the irons,
and to substitute others of just the same size and weight, but fitted
with locks, so that they could be easily removed. The hurdle or
sledge was then brought within the gaol ; it was a very simple
machine, prepared, like the block, by Finney, the town joiner, con
sisting of a few cross bars of wood nailed upon two strong beams.
A horse was attached to it, and each of the three condemned men
was dragged round the gaol-yard, their hands being held to prevent
their being jolted off. On mounting the scaffold in front of the gaol,
Brandreth exclaimed, " It is all Oliver and Castlereagh ; " Turner,
following him, also called out, " This is all Oliver and the Govern
ment ; the Lord have mercy on my soul."t They hung from the

* For the horrid details of such a sentence see Vol. i., page 263, of this work.
¦j- There was a difference of opinion among reporters and spectators as to the exact words
used, but those given in the text are supported by far the greater weight of evidence. One
or two government papers tried to minimise or deny these references to Oliver, who was a
degraded Government spy, and who appears to have urged on these miserable men to open
crime. Brandreth and his fellows during their imprisonment often asserted that if it had
not been for Oliver they would not have been there. The night before the opening of the
special commission, the walls of All Saints' church, and other wall spaces in the town, had
chalked upon tiiem in large letters — "Jurymen, remember Oliver." The files of the
London "dailies" of the period, the Chronicle, Herald, Courier, s.n& Times, as well as
London and provincial weekly journals, have been searched to compile this account.

42 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
gallows for half-ari-hour. On the platform, in front of the gallows,
was placed the block and two sacks of sawdust, and on a bench
two axes, two sharp knives, and a basket. The block was a
long piece of timber supported at each end by pieces a foot high,
and having a small batten nailed across the upper end for the
neck to rest upon. The body of Brandreth was first taken down
from the gallows, and placed face downwards on the block. The
executioner, a muscular Derbyshire coal miner, selected by the
sheriff for his proficiency in wielding the pick, was masked, and
his name kept a profound secret. Brandreth's neck received only
one stroke, but it was not clean done, and the assistant (also
masked) finished it off with a knife. Then the executioner laid
hold of the head by the hair, and holding it at arm's length, to the
left, to the right, and in front of the scaffold, called out three
times — " Behold the head of the traitor, Jeremiah Brandreth." The
other two were served in like manner. Turner's neck received
one blow and the knife had to be applied, but Ludlam's head fell at
once. The scaffold was surrounded by a great force of cavalry with
drawn swords, and several companies of infantry were also present.
The space in front of the gaol was densely packed with spectators.
" When the first stroke of the axe was heard, there was a burst of
horror from the croj(vd," says an eye witness, writing to the Examiner,
" and the instant the head was exhibited there was a terrifying shriek
set up, and the multitude ran violently in all directions, as if under
the influence of a sudden frenzy.''
In that crowd, we believe, was the poet Shelley. The day
before the execution, the Princess Charlotte died in childbirth.
Shelley seized the occasion to write a vigorous pamphlet, drawing
a contrast between the two deaths, and giving certain details
relative to the execution. The following is one of Shelley's para
graphs in this pamphlet descriptive of the scene within and with
out the gaol on that eventful day : — " When Edward Turner
(one of those transported) saw his brother dragged along upon
the hurdle he shrieked horribly and fell in a fit, and was carried
away like a corpse by two men. How fearful must have been
their agony sitting in solitude that day when the tempestuous
voice of horror from the crowd told them that the head so dear to
them was severed from the body ! Yes, they listened to the mad
dening shriek which burst from the multitude, they heard the rush
of ten thousand terror-stricken feet, the groans and hootings which

GIBBETING. 43
told them that the mangled and distorted head was then lifted in
the air."*
The remains of these three " traitors " were buried the same night
in one grave in the churchyard of St. Werburgh, without any
religious ceremony, under an escort of javelin men in the charge of
Mr. Simpson, the under sheriff.
In the new gaol at Derby, the block upon which these men were
beheaded is still preserved. It consists of two 2J inch planks
fastened together, and is 6 feet 6 inches long by 2 feet wide. Six
inches from one end a piece of wood is nailed across three inches
high. The whole is tarred over, but the old warder drew our
attention to the fact that, though the cell where it is kept is very dry,
the wood is still in places damp. It is a gaol tradition that the blood
of these unhappy men, shed in 18 17, has never and will never dry.

(SibbctirxQ,
The habit of gibbeting or hanging in chains the body of the executed
criminal near the site of the crime, with the intention of thereby
deterring others from capital offences, was a coarse custom very
generally prevalent in medieval England. Some early assize rolls of
the fourteenth century pertaining to Derbyshire, that we have con
sulted, give abundant proof of it being a usual habit in the county
at that period. In 1 34 1, the bodies of three men were hung in chains
just outside Chapel-en-le-Frith, who had been executed for robbery
with violence. In the same year, a woman and two men were
gibbeted on Ashover Moor for murdering one of the King's
purveyors. When we come to the records of the earlier times included in these
volumes, no entry of special cases of the use of the gibbet in Derby
shire has been brought to our knowledge, save two incidental
references to the fact in the time of the Commonwealth, one at
Wirksworth, and the other at Sinfin Modr.
This wretched practice prevailed down to almost modern times.
It was usual to saturate the body with tar before it was hung in

* This very rare pamphlet bears the singular title of " W^ pity the fluviage, but forget the
dying bird." An address to the people on the death of the Princess Charlotte. By the
Hermit of Marlow.

44 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
chains, in order that it might last the longer. This was done with
the bodies of three highwaymen, about the middle of last century,
gibbeted on the top of the Chevin. They had robbed the north
coach when it was changing horses at the inn at Hazelwood, just
below the summit of the Chevin.* After the bodies had been
hanging there for a few weeks, one of the friends of the criminals
set fire, at night time, to the big gibbet that bore all three. The
father of our aged, informant, and two or three other of the cottagers
near by, seeing a glare of light, went up the hill, and there they saw the
sickening spectacle of the three bodies blazing away in the darkness !
So thoroughly did the tar aid this cremation, that the next morning
only the links of the iron chains remained on the site, of the gibbet.
The last person gibbeted at Derby was Matthew Cokayne, who
was hung in 1776 for the murder of Mary Vicars, an old woman,
resident in Tenant Street. The body was afterwards suspended in
chains from a gibbet,- which had to be erected on the open space
nearest to the scene of the crime. The gibbet post was consequently
erected where the outbuildings of the infirmary now stand, between
the London and Osmaston Roads.
The last instance of gibbeting in the county took place at a much
later date, namely, after the March Assizes, 1815. The following is
the account of the offence as given in the Derby Mercury for March
13th, 181S :—
On Saturday morning, Anthony Lingard, the younger, aged 21, was put to the bar,
charged with the murder (by strangulation) of Hannah Oliver, a widow woman, aged 48
years, who.kept the turnpike gate at Wardlow Miers, in the parish of Tideswell, in this
county. It appeared in evidence that the prisoner committed the robbery and murder in the night
of Sunday the 15th of January last ; that he took from the house several pounds in cash and
notes, and a pair of new woman's shoes ; that immediately after the deed was perpetrated,
he went to a young woman in the neighbourhood, who was pregnant by him, and offered to
give her some money with a view to induce her to father the child upon some other person ;
that he gave her the shoes, and also some money ; but it being rumoured that Hannah
Oliver had been murdered, and that a pair of shoes had been taken from her, the young
woman returned the shoes to the prisoner, who said that she had no occasion to be afraid,
for that he had had them of a person in exchange for a pair of stockings. The shoes,
however, were returned to him ; and the evidence adduced in respect to them, as weU as in
respect to a great variety of circumstances connected with the horrid transaction, was given
in such a very minute detail of corroborative and satisfactory proofs, as to leave no doubt in
the minds of everyone that the prisoner was the person who had committed the murder,
independent of his own confession, which was taken before the magistrates, previous to his
committal.

thenJ. L f t \ Manchester and the north used to go up King Street, Duffield, and
was the^L wh/I \^\ '°. ^azelwood. At the top of this hill, to the left of the road,
was the inn where was the first change after Derby ; it is now a farJn-house

GIBBETING. 45
The trial on the part of the prosecution being closed, and the prisoner not having any
witness to call, the learned judge carefully summed up the evidence to the jury, who after a
few minutes returned a verdict of guilty.
His Lordship then passed the awful sentence of the law upon the prisoner, which was
done by the learned judge in the most solemft and impressive manner, entreating him to
make the best use of his time, and to prepare himself during the short period he had to live,
for the great change he was about to undergo.
Since his condemnation he conducted himself with greater sobriety than he had manifested
before his trial ; but his temper was obstinate, and his mind lamentably ignorant : and
being totally unacquainted with religious considerations, he exhibited very imperfect signs
of real penitence, and but little anxiety respecting his future state. He acknowledged the
crime for which he was about to suffer the sentence of the law, but was reluctantly induced
to pronounce his forgiveness of the young woman who was the principal evidence against
him. At 12 o'clock yesterday he was brought upon the drop in front of the County gaol, and
after a short time occupied in prayer vidth the chaplain (who had previously attended
him with the most unremitting and tender assiduity), he was launched into eternity. He
met his fate with a firmness which would deserve the praise of fortitude if it was not the
result of insensibility. He appeared but little agitated or dejected by his dreadful situation.
Let the hope be encouraged that his example may operate as a warning to those among
the multitude of spectators, who might not before feel aU the horror with which vice ought
to be regarded. When wickedness is thus seen not in its allurements, but in its consequences,
its true nature is evidenced. It is always the offspring of ignorance and foUy, and the parent
of long enduring misery.
Before the Judge left the town, he directed that the body of Lingard should be hung in
chains in the most convenient place near the spot where the njurder was committed, instead
of being dissected and anatomized.
In Rhodes' Peak Scenery, first published in 1818, mention is mad*
of the gibbet of Anthony Lingard. " As we passed along the road
to Tideswell, the little villages of Wardlow and Litton lay on our
left . . . here, at a little distance on the left of the road, we observed
a man suspended on a gibbet, which was but newly erected." The
vanity of the absurd idea of our forefathers, in thinking that a
repulsive object of this kind would act as a deterrent of crime, was
strikingly shown in the case of this Wardlow gibbet. It is related of
Hannah Pecking, of Litton, who was hung on March 22nd, 1819, at
the early age of 16, for poisoning Jane Grant, a young woman of the
same village, that " she gave the poison in a sweet cake to her com
panion as they were going to fetch some cattle out of a field near to
which stood the gibbet post of Anthony Lingard."
The treasurer's accounts for Derbyshire, for 1815-1816, show that
the punishment of gibbeting involved a serious inroad on the county
finances. The expenses for apprehending Anthony Lingard amounted
tO;^3i 5s. sd., but the expenses incurred in the gibbeting reached a
total of ;^85 4s. Id., and this in addition to ten guineas charged by
the gaoler for conveying the body from Derby to Wardlow.

46 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Mbippina.
One of the commonest punishments of a violent character inflicted
in public in the medieval days was that of whipping or flogging.
It was resorted to almost equally by the spiritual and the civil courts,
in the former case usually for incontinency, in the latter case usually
for thieving. At the summer assizes at Derby in 1586 seven men
and' four women were ordered to be whipped in the market place.
In addition to various incidental allusions to floggings at different
dates and for different offences already made in these pages, there is
frequent entry of sentences of this character in the Orders of Sessions,
which begin in 1682. The following are some of the examples
transcribed verbatim : —

1684. Ordered that Samuel Levesly & William Bennett Jun both convicted for Petty
Larceny bee delivered over to the Custody of the Master of the House of Correction in .
Derby there to remaine for the space of one moneth, during which time hee is required by
this Court to punish them by whippinge & keepinge them to hard labour. And to allowe
them noe more maintenance than what they shall gett by their labour.
1685. Ordered by this Court that Hambleton Buxton and Richard Gilbert who severally
stand Convicted in this Court for a Petty Larceny by them severally done and comitted
bee severally stript to the wast and whipt through the Towne of Derby the next market day
and that the said Richard Gilbert bee afterwards conveyed to Ashborne. to bee whipt there
in like manner the next market' day there and from thence returne backe to the Comon
Gaole being accused by Indictment for Perjury there to remaine till hee find good sureties
for his appearance att the next quarter Sessions to answer the same And that the said
Hambleton Buxton bee after conveyed to Wirksworth the next Markett day there and whipt
there alsoe in manner aforesaid and then sett at lib'ty.
1691. Whereas Thomas Carlile als Carelesse and William Ward stand convicted of Petit
Larceny at this Sessions It is Ordered by this Cort that they bee Carryed back to the County
Gaole and that on Fryday the Twenty fourth of this instant ApU the Sheriffe of this County
cause them to bee stripped to the wast and whipt till bloody in the heighth of the market at
Derby and then remanded to the said Gaole and on Ashbourne Faireday next to bee stript
to the waste and whipt till Bloody in the heighth of the said Faire in Ashbourne and after
wards to bee delivered to the master of -the house of Correction in Derby there to be kept
untill the next quarter Sessions of the Peace and that they have noe allowance during their
stay there but what they shall earne by their labour.
1696. It is ordered by this Court that Thomas Swaine Indicted this Sessions for petty
Larceny and found Guilty thereof bee comitted to ye House of Correction in Chesterfield
and there severely whiped, and alsoe in open and high markett the next markett day after
wards and to bee thence conveyed to Wirkswoorth there to be whiped on Tuesday following
in open and high markett and from thence to be reconveyed to the House of Correction in
Chesterfield and on the next markett day next after to bee againe conveyed to Wirksworth
and in time of open and high markett there againe whiped after such execution done as afore
said to bee discharged.

WHIPPING. 47
1708. Cutberd Rodgerson and Mary his wife both found Guilty this Sessions of Petty
Larceny Ordered both to be whipt through the markett in the hight thereof to be Strip'd to
the wast and whipt at a Carts ars from one end of the Towne of Wirksworth unto the
other. 1709. Robert Smedley of Morley in this County being found Guilty of Petty Larceny for
receavinge One Ewe Sheep of the Goods and Chattels of  Ordered to be whipt by
the master of the house of Correcoon in Derby and then he is discharged paying his ffees.
In 1718, two prisoners, on their confessing to several petty larcenies,
were ordered to be " severely whipped the next Market Day at
Derby from the gaol round the Market Place."
A man convicted at the Epiph. Sessions, 1729, of sheep stealing,
was ordered to be " publickly wipt round the Market at Derby
between the hours of 12 and i three Market days next following."
The first instance that we have noted of private flogging, is at the
Mich. Sessions, 1733, when Thomas Matkin was ordered to be sent to
the house of correction at Ashborne, and there privately whipped.
On the next market day, he was to be taken to the Ashborne Market
Cross between 12 anjl i, and there to make a public confession of his
crime, and afterwards to be discharged on payment of his fees. His
offence was assaulting and abusing Roe Port, Esqr., one of the justices
of the peace.
The entry quoted above, under 1708, shows that the public whipping
of women was continued in Derbyshire in the reign of Queen Anne,
though it is stated in Yiks's History of Cri/ne tha.t men were flogged in
public and women in private during the eighteenth century. But we
have much later evidence than this of the public whipping of women.
At the Quarter Sessions held at Bakewell in 1735 three prisoners were
ordered to be flogged naked to the waist, two of whom were women.
On September 29th, 1738, Alice Pearson, single woman, confessed to
stealing " the cloth belonging to the Coach Seat being the property
of Bach Thornhill Esqr," when taken before Mr. T. Gisborne.
Justice Gisborne, in forwarding the committal to the Clerk of the-
Peace at Chesterfield, where she was to be tried at the Sessions, coolly
writes across the committal, in a big straggling hand — " She is a
Yorkshire woman, I hope she will be severely whipd at Chesterfield
and sent home."
At the Mich. Sessions, 1751, a strolling woman, pretending to be
deaf and dumb, was ordered to be severely whipped next market day
at Derby, in the open market, as a vagrant and cheat, and to be kept
at hard labour in the house of correction until further order.

48 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
It should not be forgotten that constables and other parish officials
could whip vagrants of both sexes, under Acts of Henry VIII. and
Elizabeth, found wandering in their parishes, a permission of which
they usually freely availed themselves. The posts of the parish
stocks were often made high, with iron fastenings for the wrists
high up, so that they served for whipping posts. The whipping of
female vagrants was forbidden by a statute of I79i'

The punishment of the Pillory, by which the head of the offender
was exposed in a confined and painful position in some public place
.to all the ill usage that the mob chose to assail it with, was until
recent days a favourite one in England. The two or three calendars
of prisoners of Elizabethan date pertaining to Derbyshire, that have
come down to our times, are a proof of its frequent application. Five
prisoners on one occasion and nine on another were condemned to
exposure in the pillory at Derby previous to a short period of impri
sonment. At the summer assizes, 1726, John' Clowne, "convicted of
a Misdemeanor is Ordered to be set in the Pillory next Market day
at Derby between the hours of eleven and one for the space of one
hour and to suffer three months imprisonment." In 1732, Ellen
Beare was convicted of endeavouring to persuade a man to poison his
wife, and of giving him poison for the purpose ; she was sentenced to
stand twice in the pillory, and to suffer imprisonment for three years-
George Lomas, for forging the hands of Thomas Cheetham and Richard
Bagshawe to a certificate, was condemned, in 1736, to stand in the
pillory of Tideswell for an hour, and to be imprisoned for six months.
Subsequently the pillory was considered specially suitable for false
swearers, and perjury had strength enough to hand down one of the
most ancient of barbarous public punishments even into the reign of
Victoria. It was applied to various offenders up to 18 16, and it could
be applied to perjurers and suborners of perjury up to June 30th,
1837-

STOCKS. 49

Stocks.
The Stocks were so common a form of punishment and existed
in almost every parish that but few words need here be said about
them. They were mostly used for petty offences such as drunken
ness and resisting the constable or other parish officials. The idea
of the stocks was to excite local contempt for the offence, so in
1685 Joseph Snow, convicted at the Derby sessions of drunkenness
and violence at Derby, was condemned to occupy the stocks in his
native village of Pentrich during three successive Sunday afternoons.
The village stocks usually stood very near the church, and some
times actually in the churchyard. James Crozier, of Bakewell, con
victed in 1703 of wilfully breaking the stocks there, was righteously
condemned to the occupancy of the said stocks so soon as they
were repaired.
In Fairey's General View of the Agriculture of Derbyshire, published
in 1815, occurs the following passage: — "Sitting in the Parish or
Township Stocks, a summary and wholesome manner of paying for
the less heinous offences against good morals, seems here, and almost
everywhere else, to have gone into entire disuse ; although ridicu
lously enough, every country place continues religiously to uphold its
stocks. On a great many occasions when seeing them repairing, or new
ones erecting, and such as lately had been renewed, I have inquired
whether anyone in their place remembered a single instance of the
stocks being used ; but have almost invariably, except by very old
persons, been answered in the negative." We have, however, come
across instances of stocks being used in Derbyshire, later than
Fairey's time. At Killamarsh they were used in 1827, and again in
1829. In this case the outer supports of the stocks were stone ;
these two stones are still standing in the churchyard, to the east of
the church, about four feet apart. They used to be fixed just outside
the gate of the churchyard, which was the most usual place for the
stocks, so that the occupier might be exposed to the contempt of the
worshippers. The following shows that the stocks have been used quite of late
years in the county of -Berkshire : —
A novel scene was presented in the Butter and Poultry Market at Newbury, on Tuesday
(June nth, 1872) afternoon. Mark Tuck, a rag and bone dealer, who for several years had
5

so THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
been well known in the town as a man of intemperate habits, and upon whom imprisonment
in Reading gaol had failed to produce any beneficial effect, was fixed in the Stocks for
drunkenness and disorderly conduct in the Parish Church on Monday evening. Twenty-six
years had elapsed since the Stocks were last used, and their re-appearance created no little
sensation and amusement, several hundreds of persons being attracted to the spot where
they were fixed. Tuck was seated upon a stool, and his legs were secured in the Stocks at a
few minutes past one o'clock, and as the church clock, immediately facin.g him, chimed each
quarter he uttered expressions of thankfulness, and seemed everything but pleased at the
laughter and derision of the crowd. Four hours having passed. Tuck was released, and by
a little stratagem on the part of the police, he escaped without being interfered with by the
crowd.*

Branbing.
It would be foreign to our purpose to say anything of the origin,
meaning, and gradual expansion of the term Benefit of Clergy, as it
would take us back to centuries with which we have no concern.
Suffice it to say that in the sixteenth century exemption could be
claimed from convictions for various serious offences by the offender
showing that he was a clerk, that is, that he could read. This
privilege could only once be claimed, therefore the safeguard of
branding in the hand was adopted, in order that those persons who
had taken benefit of clergy might be recognised. At the Trans.
Sessions, 1696, the following order was entered : —
Whereas John Palmer late of Wirksworth in this County Butcher was Indicted at this
p'sent Sessions for the felonious Stealinge of another Sheep price five shillings the Goods
and Chattells of a p'son Unknowne upon which Indictment the said John Palmer was
arraigned and upon his arrainmt pleaded not Guilty and for his tryall put himselfe upon
his Country whoe found him Guilty of the felony whereof hee Stood indicted as afore
said, whereupon the said John Palmer prayed the benefit of his Clergy which was granted
him by the Court, and hee read, whereupon the Court gave Judgment that the said John
Palmer should bee burnt in his left hand which was Executed Accordingly. It is
furthered ordered by this Court that the said John Palmer remaine in Gaole till hee finde
Sufficient Suretyes for his Good behaviour to bee approved of and taken by Recogn. by
Mr. Justice Pole and Mr. Justice Borrowes and for his appearance att next Sessions and
then to abide further Order of this Court.
In the year 1698 a retrograde statute was passed substituting
branding on the left cheek for thieves claiming benefit of clergy.
Two were thus branded in open court at the Lent Assizes of 1699 at
Derby, but within eight years this Act was repealed, as it was found
to provoke bravado and conrinued evil life, the sufferers being unable

* Notes and Queries, 4th Series, Vol. X., p. 6.

TRANSPORTATION OF FELONS. S'
to obtain any honest employment. By this repealing statute of Anne,
benefit of clergy was enlarged and declared to be in law what it had
long been in fact, a means of showing mercy to criminals convicted
for a first time, for it provided that any person convicted of felony
to which benefit of clergy might apply was, upon his own request, to
be punished as a clerk convict, without any use of the reading test
This Act extended branding, but materially reduced long terms of
imprisonment. Branding was not discontinued till the reign of
George III., and benefit of clergy was not entirely abolished before
the reign of George IV.

transportation of Jfelone.
Transportation of felons was first brought into general use as a
punishment in 171 8, by the statute 4 Geo. I., c. 11, continued by
6 Geo. I., c. 22, which statutes allowed the judges a discretionary
power to order felons, who were by law entitled to benefit of clergy,
to be transported to the American Plantations. This system of
transportation continued till the American War, in the year 177S, and
great numbers of felons were sent out, chiefly to the province of
Maryland. The county records of Derbyshire with reference to this
subject commence August 8th, 1720, and terminate on May i6th,
1772. The order of procedure on the conviction of a felon, whose
crime came within the provision of the statute, was as follows : — At
the termination of each gaol delivery, the court appointed certain
justices to contract with whoever they might select for the transporta
tion of the convicts. The first so nominated were " Robert Wilmott,
Jun of Osmaston — Robert Wilmott of Chaddeston — Brook Boothby,
and Thomas Gery Esquires." Then next followed an order signed
by the clerk of assize, specifying the names of the convicts and the
terms of their several sentences. The first of such orders is dated
August 6th, 1720, and is addressed to Mr. Wilmot, of Osmaston.
Amongst the names of felons enumerated is that of " Hellen Martin,
who was convicted of Theft and Larceny, for which she is liable to
the penalty of burning in the hand ; " a pen has, however, been
passed through this entry, and the reason is explained in a letter
addressed to Mr. Wilmot, of which the following is a copy:—
" August 9, 1720. I send you enclosed an order for the transportation

52 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
of the Felons in Derby Goal— Signed Thomas Blencowe (Clerk of
the Assizes)." The letter has this postcript — "Since the order was
drawn up, the Judge, at the instance of my Lady Atkins, has altered
his mind as to Hellen Martin, that she should not be transported, and
being just now going out of Town cannot stay to transcribe the order,
therefore beg your pardon for sending it erased." The contractors
employed by the magistrates were merchants. Mr. Jonathan For
ward, whose house was in Fenchurch Street, over against the Mitre
Tavern, in London, appears to have been a large exporter of this,
description of merchandise, and it would seem by his letters that he
had cells at his residence provided for the reception of his freight.
A convict on being delivered to a contractor became his, and his
assigns, personal property for the term of his sentence, and as the
man's value for sale when landed in America would depend on his
physical strength, the sum to be given by the justices to the
contractor formed a topic of dispute. The sum per head actually
given varied from two to three guineas. In answer to an enquiry
made by the Clerk of the Peace, Mr. William Pole, of Liverpool,
merchant, replies on August 22nd, 1743, " If he (the convict) be
either old or large I cannot take him under £$." This shows pretty.
close packing in the ships, none of which exceeded one hundred tons
burden. The agreement having been signed, the men or women
were conveyed in waggons (though sometimes on horseback), accom
panied by the warders on horseback to the port of embarkation.
The . cost of taking eleven prisoners to Liverpool was estimated at
.£'20 1 8s. sd., and the journey there occupied four days. On the
arrival of the felons, the contractor was required to give a receipt for
their bodies and sign a bond for their safe custody, and, further, to
procure from the Governor or chief Custom House officer of the port
at which they were landed a certificate pursuant to the statute. On
Plate I. is a reduced fac-simile of one of these printed certificates, of
the year 175 1.
The number of male and female convicts transported from Derby
shire between 1720 and 1772 amounted to 199.
The following are copies of the full set of documents with the
transportation of Samuel Hibbard in 1736 : —
Derbyshire. At the General Delivery of ye Goal of our Lord the King of his
County of Derby held at Derby in & for the same County on Tuesday the eighteenth
day of March in the eighth year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Ld George ye 2nd King
of Great Britain &c. before Sr Francis Page Knt one of ye King's Justices assigned to

TRANSPORTATION OF FELONS. 53
hold Pleas before the King himself Thos Blencowe Esqre and others their fellows
Justices &c.
Whereas at this present Sessions of Goal Delivery held for this County Samuel Hibbord
is convicted of theft & larceny for which he is liable to the penalty of burning in the hand
It is ordered by this Court that he the said Saml Hibbord be ' transported as soon as
conveniently may be to some of his Majesty's Colonies & Plantations in America there to
remain for the space of seven years And it is further ordered by this Court that Thos Abney
Robert Wilmott of Osmaston Samuel Saunders John Gisborn & Thomas Gisborn Esqres
Justices of the Peace for this County or any two of them be & they are hereby nominated &
apointed to contract with any person or persons for the Transportation of ye said Saml
Hibbord and to cause such sufficient security to be taken as the Statutes in that case made
and provided direct to be taken by order of Court and also to order him to be delivered
pursuant to such contract to the person or persons contracting for him or to his or their
Assigns. By the Court
Tho. Blencowe
Clerk of ye Assizes,
Memorandum of an agreement and contract made between Thomas Abney Robert Wilmot
of Osmaston Samuel Sanders John Gisborne and Thomas Gisborne Esqres some of his
Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby and Thomas Martin of Liverpool
in the County of Lancaster and George Tyner of the same place Merchants as follows
And whereas the said Thomas Abney Robert Wilmot of Osmaston Samuel Sanders John
Gisborne Thomas Gisborne Esqres have received an order of the Court of General Goal
Delivery held at Derby in and for the said County on Tuesday the eighteenth day of March
in the eighth year of the reign of his present Majesty before Sr Francis Page Knight one of
the Justices of our said Lord the King and other Justices his Associates assigned to hold the
said Assizes there by and under the hand of Thomas Blencowe Esqre Clerk of the said
Assizes relating to the transportation of Samuel Hibbard who is thereby ordered to be
transported to some of his Majesty's Colonies and Plantations in America according to the
several Acts of Parliament for that purpose made which order is as follows to wit.
Derbyshire At the General Delivery of the Goal of our Lord the King of his
County of Derby held at Derby in and for the same County on Tuesday the eighteenth
day of March in the eighth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the second
King of Great Britain before Sr Francis Page Knight one of the Kings Justices assigned
to hold Pleas before the King himself Thomas Blencowe Esqre and others their fellow
Justices.
Whereas at this present sessions of Goal Delivery held for this County Samuel Hibbard
is convicted of theft and larceny for which he is lyable to the penalty of burning in the
hand. It is ordered by this Court that he the said Samuel Hibbard be transported as soon
as conveniently may be to some of his Majesty's Colonies and Plantations in America there
to remain for the space of seven years and it is further ordered by this Court that Thomas
Abney Robert Wilmot of Osmaston Samuel Saunders John Gisborne and Thomas Gisborne
Esqres Justices of the Peace for this County or any two of them be and they are hereby
nominated and appointed to contract with any person or persons for the transportation of
the said Samuel Hibbard and to cause such sufficient security to be taken as the Statutes in
that case made and provided direct to be taken by order of Court and also to order him
to be delivered pursuant to such Contract to the person or persons contracting for him or to
his or their Assigns. By the Court
Thos. Blencowe Clerk of the Assizes.

54 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Therefore by virtue of the said recited Authority it is agreed by the said Thomas Abney
Robert Wilmot of Osmaston Samuel Sanders John Gisborne Thbmas Gisborne or two or
more of them whose names are subscribed with the said Thomas Martin and George Tyrer
That the said Samuel Hibbard shall be delivered by John Greatorex Goaler for the said
County unto the said Thomas Martin or his Assigns at the Goal in Liverpool before the
fourth day of September next that the said Thomas Martin shall transport him to some of
his Majesty's Colonies and Plantations in America and that the charge of carrying him to
the said Thomas Martin shall be bore by the said County of Derby and that at the time of
delivering the said Prisoner they the said Thomas Abney Robert Wilmot of Osmaston
Samuel Sanders John Gisborne and Thomas Gisborne or their Assigns shall pay unto the
said Thomas Martin the sum of Four pounds four shillings and the said Thomas Martin
hereby promises and agrees with the said justices to take the said Samuel Hibbard into his
care and custody when tendered unto him on or before the said fourth day of September
next to transport him according to the said recited Order and at the same time to enter into
such security as the Statute in that case directs or shall be reasonably required upon payment
of the said Four pounds four shillings.
Dated the twenty seventh day of August in the year of our Lord 1735. Thos Martin
Geo Tyrer
Witnesses to the signing hereof by the said
Thomas Martin and George Tyrer
John Greatorex
Henry Greatorex
Jno Durnill.
The 29th day of August 1735 Received then by the hands of Mr. John Greatorex the
said Samuel Hibbard and at the same time received of him Four pounds four shillings
By Thos Martin
Signed in the presence of
Jno Durnill
Henry Greatorex.
Know all Men by these presents that we Thomas Martin of Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Merchant and George Tyrer of Liverpool in the said County of Lancaster
Merchant and John Doe are held and firmly bound unto Joseph Hayne of the Borough
of Derby in the County of Derby Gentleman Clerk of the Peace for the said County of
Derby in Five hundred pounds of lawful British Money to be paid to the said Joseph
Hayne or to his certain Attorney his Executors Administrators or Assigns to which pay
ment well and truly to be made we bind ourselves and every of us by himself for the
whole and in gross and the Heirs Executors and Administrators of Us and every of Us
firmly by these presents sealed with our seals dated the seven and twentieth day of
August in the ninth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King George the second over
Great Britain and so forth and in the year of our Lord Christ 1735.
Whereas Samuel Hibbard now remains in his Majesty's Goal for the County of Derby
in order to be transported into America pursuant to the several orders made by the Justices
of Goal Delivery for the said County for the term therein mentioned, to wit, the said
Samuel Hibbard for seven years to commence from the eighteenth day of March in the
said eighth year of his present Majesty's reign And whereas the above bound Thomas
Martin and George Tyrer have this day contracted and agreed to and with Thomas Abney
Robert Wilmot of Osmaston Samuel Sanders John Gisborne Thomas Gisborne Esqres
his Majesty's Justices of the peace for the said County of Derby or some of them for the
transportation of the said person. The Condition therefore of this obligation is such
that if the said Thomas Martin and George Tyrer or either of them their or either of their
Executors Administrators or Assigns shall within three months next after the date of the

TRANSPORTATION OF FELONS. 55
said obligation convey and transport the said Samuel Hibbard to some of his Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations in America there to remain for the term of years mentioned And
if also the said Thomas Martin and George Tyrer or either of them their or either of their
Assigns shall procure one or more Authentick Certificate or Certificates from the Governours
or Chief Custom House Officers of the place of the landing of the said person so to be
transported there (Death and casualties of the seas excepted) and deliver the same to the
said Joseph Hayne his Successors or Assigns within three months next after such delivery
of the said person so to be transported and if also the said prisoner be not suffered to
return to any part of Great Britain or Ireland by the consent or wilful default of them the
said Thomas Martin and George Tyrer nor either of them their nor eitber of their Assigns
within the said respective limited Term then this obligation to be void. Thos Martin
Geo Tyrer.
Sealed and delivered in the presence of
John Greatorex
Henry Greatorex
Jno Durnell.
Port Oxford in Maryland.
This may certify that Thomas Hallsall master the ship Squire from Liverpool
burthen one hundred Tuns, no guns navigated with sixteen men British built p Regr
arrived at this port the twenty sixth day of April one Thousand seven hundred and thirty
six, here landed and put on shore Samuel Hibbard said to be convicted of theft and larceny
at the Sessions of Goal Delivery held for the County of Derby on Tuesday the eighteenth
day of March one thousand seyen hundred and thirty four.
Sam Chamberlaine
D. CoUr & N Offr.
Dated at the Custom House at Port Oxford in Maryland the twenty eighth day of April
in the ninth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second King of Great
Britain Anno Dom 1736.
When the American declaration of independence closed one
receptacle for our convicts, another was speedily found in Australia
and the neighbouring islands. Between 1787 and 1857 no less than
108,715 convicts were transported to the Australian colonies. Only a
few were sent after 1852, and none have been transported since 1867.
Derbyshire seems to have supplied its full contingent of convicts for
the Australian colonies, though there seem to be no other papers
extant about them otherwise than the entries in the accounts. In
1786, Mr. Blyth Simpson incurred an expense of ;£'20 os. 4d. for
" conveying two transports to Portsmouth," and later on in the same
year ;£'ii9 for "conveying seventeen transports." In 1790, the same
gaoler incurs an expense of £77 os. 4d. for "conveying eleven
transports from Derby to Woolwich." Under the expenses of the
year 18 17 occurs the large sum of ;^339 incurred by William Eaton
in " conveying 42 convicts to Woolwich and Sheerness ; " these were
the associates of the three men executed for high treason in connec
tion with what has been absurdly termed " the Pentrich insurrection."

56 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Zbc assise ©rbinaris.
The following information might, perhaps, have been more correctly
given when treating of the office of Sheriff ; but it is not out of place
here, as it concerns the entertainment of the Judges when they visited
Derby for gaol delivery, and therefore pertains to matters criminal,
The most serious expense to which a High Sheriff used to be put
was the Assize Ordinary, or entertainment for the Judges, Judges'
servants, and all the varied retinue of the Sheriff and his friends.
An interesting, and hitherto unprinted, memorandum, unfortunately
not quite perfect, tells of the extensive scale on which preparation was
made for this judicial feasting at Derby, in 1598, when Francis
Fitzherbert, of Norbury, was High Sheriff.
viijth August, 1598. A note how every 
To Ryde. "
Richard AUport undersheriff, Rowland Eyre, Charles Agard, John Waldram, John Rooe,
Robert Lambert, Thomas Eyre, Mathew Knyveton, James Sleigh, Francis Columble, Roger
Rooe, Nicholas Allen, George Columble, Thomas Gelstrop, George Lytton, Alexander Goff,
Edward Cocks, Thomas Sleigh, Thomas Cotes, Edward Allen, Wm. Whitaker, Wm.
Cleyton, Alexander Coke, Anthony WooUey, Richard Abbey, John Hyde, George Eyre,
Robt. Barber, Lawrence Barber, Francis Fox, Richard Senyor, Thomas Bates, Thomas
Cooke, Thomas Buxton, Richard Dale, Robt. Haslam, Thomas WooUey, Wm. Owtram,
Robt. Woolstenholme, Rowland Richardson, Richard Sleigh, Humfrey Teele, Thomas
Hawk, James Elliott, John Buckton, Edward Wingfield, John^ Stathem, Edward Adames,
Roger Newton, Wm. North.
Wayters in the great Ch 
Rowland Eyre, Charles Agard, John Waldram, Ruben Lambert, Thomas Eyre, Mather.
Knyveton, Francis Columble, Roger Rooe, Nicholas Allen, George Columble, Thomas
Gellstrop, Edw. Allen, Wm. Cleyton, Edmund Cocks, Alexander Goff, Thomas Cotes,
Richard Abbey, Thomas Woodward, Thomas Burton, Francis Fox, Richard Dale, Thomas
Baker. To scrape trenchers. — ^Jack Syte, Robt. Walker.
Porters. — Richard Sleigh, Roger Newton.
Stewards &= darks of the kitchen. — ^John Rooe, James Sleigh, Thomas Cooke.
Cookes. — Wm. Norton, Wm. Cooke, John Dawson, Ric. Cooke, George Cooke, John
Shore, John Pawley.
Caterers. — Symon Wilkinson, Wm. Garratt.
Kytchen Stewards. — Henry Gardyner, John Pawley.
Kytchen .Soysj.— Thomas Gyte, Will. Hiblyn.
Usshers in the hall. — Henry Sheldon, Thomas Woolley, John Buckton, Edmund Wingfield.
To help them. — Will. Plomer, Mychaell Ogden.
Wayters in the parler &-= hall.— George Lytton, Robert Haslam, George Eyre, Lawrence
Barber, Humfrey Seele, Anthony Woolley, Wm. Owtram, Robt. WoUstenholme, John
Seath, Willm. North, Edward Adams, and gentlemen's men.
Holberders to wayt of the Gaole.— y^ra. Clayton, John Hyde, Alexander Cotes, John
Buckton, Thomas Cotes, Robt. Woolstenholme, Robt. Barber, Lawrence Barber,
Edmund Wingfield, George Eyre, Wm. Owtram, Robt. Haslam, Humfrey Seele,
Thomas Woolley, Thomas Burton, Richard Dale.

THE ASSIZE ORDINARY. 57
To Wayte about the Sheriffs chayre in the /5a//.— Rowland Eyre, John WaUdram,
Francis Columble, Roger Rooe, George Columble.
To keepe the barres of the hall vizt. iiij at a *«?-?-.— Edmund Cocks, Alexander Goff, Thomas
Baker, Richard Dale, Thomas Sleigh, Anthony WooUey, Richard Abbey, Francis
Fox.*
The very lavish way in which Sir Thomas Reresby, in the next
reign, supplied the Assize tables at Derby, is detailed in the following
note : —
" He was Sheriff of Derbyshire, which office he was reported to
have performed at too prodigal a rate in the year 161 3. I find among
old papers a bill of fare for provisions at the Lent assizes, with this
superscription upon it, in Sir Thomas's own hand :— ' The Stewards'
appointment for Lent Assizes at Derby, when I was Sheriff for that
county; wherein I find 15 several sorts of fowl, among others young
swans, knots, herns, bitterns, &c. ; three venison pasties appointed for
every meal, 13 several sorts of sea fish, 14 several sorts of fresh-water
fish, each appointed to be ordered a different way, &c.' "t
The following covenant was entered into on January 14th, 1652,
and is endorsed, in George Sitwell's hand — " A Note concerning the
Ordinary at the Assizes." %
" It is agreed betweene Henry ffranceys gentle on the behalfe of
George Sitwell Esqr Sheriffe of the County of Derby of the one pte,
& Hugh Newton of Derby Inne keeper concerneinge the provision of
the said Geo : Sitwells' house at the Assizes at Derby, for the said
County at both the next Assizes, as followeth
ffirst That the said Hugh Newton shall pvide all manner of provision
for both the Assizes at his house in Derby in such manner as shalbee
both for the honor & creditt of the said high sheriffe in as full a
manner as hath formerly beene
And in consideracon thereof the said George Sitwell is to pay unto
the said Hugh after theis rates followinge vizt
for all such psons as shall sitt at the sheriffs Table 4s. 6d. apeece the
number beeinge 20 or above

* Belvoir MSS., Vol. XIII.
t B. M. Add. MSS., 29, 442 ; where it also mentions that, "He built Estwood Hall at
Ashover of ffree stone and leaded the roof, which cost him about ;^2,ooo only to live in that
year that he was Sherif of Darbyshire."
X This covenant is kindly suppHed to us by Sir George Sitwell, from the Sitwell MSS. at
Renishaw.

58 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
for all such psons as shall sitt at the under-sheriffes Table 2s. apeece
the number beeinge lo or above
And for all the Livery men & such as sitt at their Table is : 6d :
apeece
And for soe many as breakefast 6dL apeece
And for the grand Jury 2s. apeece
And for the Judges Servants 2s. apeece
And for the High Sheriffe & such as breakefast or dine that day they
goe homewards 2s. 6d. apeece
And for every Venison pastie vij.
And for every hodghead of beare wch shall bee layd in a seller for
H t. d.
the Sheriffs use by his appoyntmt at the Assizes ' 1:5:0
And as for venison the said George Sitwell is to pvide it himselfe
Hen : Ffranceys
Hugh Xewton "
The Sheriff^s expenses in entertaining the Judges of Assize became
so serious that, in 1690, forty-four of the leading county gentlemen
entered into the following compact : —
Derb : SS : Articles of Agreemt made & Eaitred into by several! Gentlemen of the
County of Derby whose names are hereunto Subscribed Conceming the Shrevalry of the
said County etc
Imprimis It is greed by all the p'sons whose names are hereunto Sabscribed That noe
one of them shall directly or Indirectly either by himselfe or by any other p'son or meanes
whatsover seek or endeavour to free or excuse him or themselves ^th^ &om beicg
nominated Sherriffe for the sd County or made Sherri^ thereof wichoat the consent Jt
approbation of Six or more of the p'sons Excepting all & every Such p'son and p'sons as
have beene SherrifiTe of the sd County And alsoe all & every such other p'son and p'sons
as shall hereafter be made Sherriffe of the sd County after such time as be or they shall have
once beene made S: p'formed ye office of Sherriffe for the said County.
zndly But noe one of the p'sons who shall Subscribe these Articles shall when he is made
Sherriffe of the sd County have above fforty nor under Twenty livery men for his attendance
at any of the Assizes or however not more in Number of Such livery men at ye Assizes or at
any other lime or place when his presence as Sherriffe of the sd County shall be reqmied
then ye Subscribers incase ye Subscribers be above fforty besides ye nominall Servants of
Such p'son that shall be Sherritte of which number not exceeding forty of the number
of the Subscribers the Liverymen that are to be p'vided by such Gentiemen that shall
Subscribe to these Articles shall be part.
3rdly That when ever any one of the Subscribers to these Articles shall be made Sherriffe
of ye sd County he shall within the Space of ffuurteen dayes next after he shall have taken
upon him ye sd office give notice in writing lo every other of the Subscribers to these
Articles & appoint a time & place within one month next ensneing for every other of the
sd Subscribers to send in Such p'son as ye shall respectively designe to attend ye sd Sherriffe
in his office with ffive pounds to be then pd to the sd Sherriffe by him to be disbursed for ye
p'viding of ye sd S vant a livery (viz) a hatt, halt band. Coat, Breeches, Stockings, a Belt
Sword & Javelin, in convenient time before the next Assizes, and ye sd Livery to Continue

THE ASSIZE ORDINARY.

S9

Three Years & noe longer and every fourth Yeare successively ye Sherriffe for the time
being shall p'vide a New Livery Upon the rates & Tearmes aforesd And ye Respective
Liverymen soe habited shall at every Assizes for ye County dureing the Continuance thereof
attend each Sherriffe yt is A Subscriber according to ye Tenure of these Articles.
4thly That when any one of the sd Subscribers shall be made Sherriffe of ye sd County
he shall at each Assizes dureing his Shrevalty at Such house as he shall think fitt p'vide two
Ordinarys, and noe more, one for himselfe cS: the other Subscribers at ye rate of four
shillings for each Gentleman the other for liverymen at the rate of one shilling sixpence
& noe more.
5thly That when any one of the sd Subscribers shall be made Sherriffe of ye sd County every
other of the said Subscribers shall p'sonally accompany such Sherriffe at the Assizes for the
sd County & shall dureing Such Assizes Dyne at ye Sherriffe's Table and pay for his own
Ordinary And incase any of the Subscribers shall be hindred from comeing to ye Assizes by
any extraordinary occasions Then such Subscriber shall p'cure some other Gentleman to
rep'sent him & accompany the said Sherriffe and pay as himselfe should doe if p'sent. And
every Subscriber shall likewise pay one Shilling sixpence for his Liveryman's Ordinary &
defray all other charges both of such charges & his horse dureing the said Assizes.
6thly If any thinge contained in these Articles be found Inconvenient or impracticable
in there Useing the same shall be altered & amended from time to time by such of the
Subscribers as ye Major p't of all the Subscribers shall at any time appoint and agree upon
ye not Increaseing in ye Generall ye charge of ye sd Subscribers nor shall any Gentleman
be admitted to Subscribe these Articles who shall have had them offered to them before ye
last day of December One Thousand Six Hundred & Ninety & shall have refused to
Subscribe the same Except Such Gentlemen who have already beene Sherriffes of ye sd
County & Minors under the Age of Twenty and one Years.

John Bradshaw
Paule Jenkinson
George Vernon
WQliam Eyre
Samuell Pole
Thomas Wright
Tho : Stones
Robert Wilmot of Chad'son
Robert Mower
John Revell
Robert Revell
Henry Every
Richard Stubbing
Charles Scrimshoe
Richard Bate
George Savile
Robert Wilmott
Gilbert Clarke
Strelly Pegg
John Gilbert
John Leech
Jno. Berisford

Benjamin Ashton
George Sitwell
Robert Harding
John Spateman
John Turner
John Wigfall
Robert Sacheverell
Henry Coape
Henry Cavendish
Edward Coke
Gilbert Mundy
Architell Gray
John VVilkins
Rowland Ockover
Robert Newdygate
Tho : Browne
Jno : Stanhope
Fran : Mundy
Charles Pye
Edwd : Abney
Philip GeU
Robert Doxy

6p THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Criminal ©ffencee.
Criminal offences were prosecuted at Sessions in three modes — by
Indictment, by Presentment, or by Information.
Prosecution by indictment, the most usual method, is an accusation
preferred in the name of the Sovereign to the grand jury and found
by them on their oaths. It is sent to the grand jury written on
parchment, before it is returned " found " it is called a bill, and only
becomes an indictment on that return. With most county records, we
believe the parchment indictments of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries are numerous, but very few of the earlier Derbyshire ones
are preserved, and those relate to indictments about highways or other
civil offences.
Prosecution by presentment could be made by any twelve of the
grand jury for offences within their own knowledge. Presentment
was also usually made by the parish constables of various offences
(named under Constable) during the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries at the Quarter Sessions, and prosecution on such a present
ment became valid when the constable had appeared before the
grand jury and supported his presentment on oath.* A large number
of these Derbyshire presentments are extant, many of them endorsed
as being sworn to by the constable, showing that procedure was
taken. Prosecution by information at Quarter Sessions could only be
instituted in cases where, by a penal statute, an informer is allowed to
take this course to recover the penalty. Some of those technical
informations are among the county papers, but other informations
referred to in this section are merely what at a later date were
termed depositions, or the notes ot evidence upon which a justice or
justices committed.
The books of minutes of Indictments pertaining to the Derby
shire Sessions do not begin earlier than the year 17 1 1. We have
analysed the various offences therein recorded for ten years, namely,
from 171 1 to 1721, with the following result: Larceny, 37; sheep
steahng, 13 ; house breaking, 3 ; forcible entry, 5 ; assault, 36; game
offences, 3 ; refusing to watch and ward, 3 ; trespass, 4 ; keeping a
disorderly house, 6; exercising trade without serving apprendceship, 3;

These petty constable presentments were finally abolished by 7 & 8 George IV., c. 38.

CRIMINAL OFFENCES. 6 1
droving, badging, and swailing without license, 378 ; repair of high
ways and bridges, loi ; obstructing highways, 16 ; constable not making
presentment, 8 ; converting a barn into a cottage, 6 ; also one each of
the following offences — nuisance, usury, breaking Wirksworth house
of correction, gaoler for extortionate fees of debtors, over-stocking
Hatton moor, breaking the pound, furious driving, perjury, false
weights, slander, gander snatching, false imprisonment, entertaining
guests on a Sunday, pulling wool off live sheep, not repairing gate,
not obeying high constable's warrant, and refusing to execute office of
overseer. The following indictments during this period seem worthy
of more notice than a mere arithmetical computation ; — Joseph Lee,
of Chesterfield (1714), for drinking damnation and confusion to the
Church of England and for declaring there was nothing true in the
Common Prayer ; he was convicted on his own confession of being
drunk, and was fined 5s., and bound over. — Bartholomew Booth, of
Mellor (1714), schoolmaster, for teaching a school without taking the
oaths and making the declaration ; fined IDs. 8d. — Richard Cope, of
Buxton (1715), for not sending his cart to the mending of the high
ways according to notice given in Church. — William Foxglove, of
Tideswell, fellmonger (1716), for "keeping a great mastiff dogg and
suffering it to go loose and unmuzzled by which means he hath done
great injuries" ; fine 12s. 8d., also compensation of £8 7s. od. to
Edward Palfryman, who had been bitten ; and Samuel Bennett, of
Derby, for saying " God dam ye Parliament," and for saying " God
dam Harly and St. John."
Some of the more noteworthy offences mentioned in the county
papers are separately chronicled in this section, chiefly of an earlier
date than these minutes of indictments. In point of law, justices in
sessions had, and to a great extent still have, jurisdiction over almost
all offences inferior to treason, yet it has never been the practice for
them to try any indictments for capital felonies ; in fact, few felonies,
except simple larceny, were tried at the sessions. In this forbearance,
the justices act on the caution given in their commission, " that if a
case of difficulty shall arise, they shall not proceed to give judgment
except in the presence of some justice of one of the benches or of
assize.' It is not until the 6th year of William and Mary (1694) that com
plete calendars of the prisoners tried at Derbyshire Quarter Sessions
are found. From that date down to 1760 Ihey exist intermittently,
with numerous omissions. From 1760 down to the present date.

62 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
hardly any are wanting ; they have been arranged chronologically in
decades. The calendar first began to be printed at Easter Sessions,
1799. The following is an extended transcript of the first of these
calendars ; it is written on parchment. It will be noticed that all the
thirteen prisoners tried were charged with stealing articles of food.
1694.
Amos Bradshawe for stealing one Ewe sheep price 6/- of the goods of a man unknown.
Elizabeth Howe for stealing a cheese value i/- half a strike of peas valued gd. of the goods
of John Gamble.
The same for stealing two hens price 8d. of the goods of Jonathan Spencer.
The same for stealing two hens price 8d. of the goods of James Beighton.
Adam Greene & Francis Greene for stealing one wether sheepe price i/- of the goods of a
man unknown.
Anthony Roose for stealing one wether Sheepe price 5/- of the goods of a man unknown.
William Moreton &. John Hill for stealing one Ewe sheep price 10/- of the goods of John
Mann.
Edward Mather for stealing one Ewe sheep price 5/- of the goods of a man unknown.
Symon Ford & Sarah Ford for stealing one strike of Wheat flour of the goods of Robert
Parr value 4/-.
John Mabkin otherwise Ballidon for stealing one Ewe sheepe price 10/- of the goods of
Robert Wells.
The same for stealing one wether sheep price 5/- of the goods of Henry Feme.
Joseph Brother for stealing 14 cheeses to the value of 7/- two blankets value 2/6 one coat
value 5/- a panel of yarn value 2d. of the goods of Thomas Rosee.
Thomas Dawson and Eleanor his wife for stealing two Turkey cocks price 3/- of the goods
of Henry Jones.

articles of fiDisbemeanor.
The legal term '' misdemeanor " includes every indictable offence
below the degree of felony. It is thus easily distinguishable from
the baser class of crimes, but its extent downwards is less capable
of being marked with precision. In order to constitute a misdemeanor,
beyond those acts expressly made misdemeanors by statute, the
offence must consist of some attempt to commit a clearly iiidictable
offence, or must violate the public peace, or interfere with the due
course of justice, or must injure or insult the moral feeling of the
public. In earlier times, when statutes defining offences and
elaborating penalties were far fewer, the preferring general articles of
misdemeanor of a wide, varied, and sometimes trivial character was a
common custom, sometimes set in motion by an individual, but more
often by the principal inhabitants of a parish or township. In certain

ARTICLES' OF MISDEMEANOR. 63
cases, through such presentments, the offender or offenders could be
bound over by the justices to be of good behaviour, or indictments
could be based on them. The presentments in cases of this descrip
tion, of the seventeenth century, are sometimes not a little curious.
Articles of misdemeanor presented against George Woodward, of
Belper, husbandman, in 1656, allege that " he went to the house of
William Tantum, in Morley Parke & called to Tantum's wife & tould
her yt one Godfrie Litchfield was driveing her Cow to ye pinfould
whereupon shee ran forth to looke after her Cow & there was not any
such driveing, & in her absense ye said Woodward entred ye house,
broke open severall chests, rifeled them, tooke down her pewter, brasse,
& kettells & broke some of them, upon ye woman's returne hee tould
her hee had destrayned upon her goods but showed noe warrant " ;
that he arrested one Ralph Tomlinson, of Hazelwood, on a pretended
writ and carried him about from place to place prisoner for three days,
making him pay " fifteene shillings for Ale & Tobacco which hee &
his Company devoured " ; that he arrested another man at Duffield
and forced him to pay 15s. for pretended charges, claiming to be "a
Bayliffe of ye Generall Court ; that to get himself money & drink,
he fixes suits among his neighbours," " one Ballydon of Shotley
oweinge one Allen (both being Colliers) eight pence, ye said Wood
ward arrested him & tooke him to an Alehouse in Belper & there
forced him to spend fifteen shillings or there about " ; that on St.
James' Day " Edward Calowe goeinge about his occasions to ye Cole
pitts upon Chevin, ye said Woodward did ride after him, overtooke
him, did beate him & wounde him, & endanger his life, hee being a
very aged man " ; that on Calowe repairing to Colonel Saunders and
obtaining a warrant to bind him over to the Sessions " ye cunstable
of Belper gave him notice of it, & upon ye Lord's Day after, ye
cunstable tould Calowe hee would meete him on Monday to execute
itt, but did not, & ye said Woodward upon Tuesday with one Bayliffe
arrested Calowe & tooke him to Lenton prisoner but never did declare
against him."
At the Trans. Sessions, 1676, very voluminous articles of misde
meanor were presented to the honorable bench sitting at Bakewell
against Richard Silcock by '" the inhabitants of the Townes of Codnor
& Loscoe unanymously." The articles are in eleven heads, some
much elaborated, by which they allege that Robert Silcock (i) had
obtained through false statements an order from the sessions of 8d.
a week to be paid by the overseer of the poor, although well able to

64 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
work ; (2) that William Gladwin would have given him five pounds a
year wages and meat and drink and lodging, but that he refused it ;
(3) that he had a son that might have been bound apprentice to a Joiner,
but he would not let him go; (4) that he became a sojourner in the
house of Mary Bardell, a woman of bad repute, " whoe allsoe brewes
without a lycense & keepes a lewd & disorderly house where there
is frequent quarrellinges & feightinges between them " ; (5) that
Mary Bardell hath had several warrants brought against him " all to
the great trouble & charge of our said Townes " ; (6) that he has not
come to church for several years but spends the Sabbath in an ale
house ; (7) that Mary Bardell taking refuge one night at a neigh
bour's from Silcock's " fewery," he came with a burning candle after
midnight and threatened to burn the house down unless they turned
her out ; (8) that he put the towns to the charge of 8s. 8d. by a
false charge against a stranger at an alehouse of felony ; (9) that a
warrant against Silcock for a false writ cost the towne 9s. ; (10) "not
withstanding all ye greate & unnecessary chardges that the said
Silcock hath heretofore putt on ye said Townes, he still threatens
that if this Honble. Bench would but take his Oath he would make
it cost ye said Townes Twenty pounds more" ; (11) that in all other
ways that he possibly can, he tries to become "chardgable & burden
some to our said Townes." To these Articles there are ten signatures.
As further samples of these proceedings, we will give two verbatim
copies of these proceedings, the one of 165 1 promoted by a parish, and
the other, of 1676, prompted by an individual.
Articles of misdemeanoure preferred against Clement Wakelin of Colon, July 3rd 1651 :—
To the Honble. bench of Justices of the Peace the humble petition of divers of the
parish of LuUington and Colon,
Who humbly shew that Clement Wakelin of Colon is a frequent breaker of the peace,
havinge assaulted & stroken divers of his neighbours, viz. Thomas Dakin, Peter Marshall,
Robert Swan, & others, and that he is a frequente abuser of officers to the State on their
office, calling the Constables rogue & knave when they are executing the dutyes of there
office, that he menaceth & threatneth many persons & states, that he is a disturber of the
publique worship of God, haveing two severall Lord's days disturbed his Minister when he
was in performing his duty in the pubUque service of God.
Their humble petition therefore is that this Honble Bench would be pleased to take some
process with the sayd Clement Wakelin, as they in their wisdome shall thinke fit, that the
publique worship of God may not be hereafter disturbed by him, & that his neighbours may
have & enjoy there goods safely & quietly by him, & hereby you shall oblige your humble
petitioners to pray to God, etc.
Lawrance Brooke Thomas Heathcote
Thomas Chamberlayne Custons Heme
William Drake Nicolas Heath
John Francis Thomas Cook, ould constable
Robert Swan Thomas Taylor, constable.

SEDITION. 65
Articles of Misdemeanor preferred by John Hoydon of Darley in the said County of
Derby, yeoman, against Mary the wife of Anthony Goodwin of the same towne & County
Husbandman Before John Lowe Esq. One of his Maties. Justices of Peace a Quorum for
the sd. County of Derby ; and taken the l6th day of May in the 28th yeare of our Sovereigne
Lord Charles the Second by the grace of God of England Scotland France & Ireland King
deffender of the faith. Annoque Dom. 1676.
Imprimis That she the said Mary Goodwin is of evill name & fame generally & doth
often waike from house lo house & carry false tales with her to sett her neighbours at
variance. 2ly That when persons come to demand any just debts from her, she will usually
forsweare the debt & raise false scandalls upon them & tell them yt she will sweare to what
she saith, & theireliy often brings them to agreement according to her owne rainde for feare
of a false Oath against them & particularly one George Williamot sent his wife to demand
twenty-five shillings of the said Mary Goodwin of a just debt, & she the said Mary forswore
it ; whereupon George Williamot sued her and then she swore he would have ravished her.
3ly That she is a Common breaker of the King's peace & doth often fight with her
neighbours. 4ly That Anthony Goodwin her husband and she keeps an Alehouse & therein keeps
very much disorder by suffering people to drinke commonly there upon the Sundays in the
time of Divine service. Robert Dunn & John Hoydon swear to these Articles. To. Lowe.

Sedition.
The informations sworn before Derbyshire justices of the seventeenth
century, which are still extant, show that charges of using seditious
language were by no means uncommon. Some of the more
characteristic of these are given at length, both Roundhead and
Cavalier, as they afford a good deal of insight into the unhappy
condition of provincial life during that period of civil strife.
In 165 1, speaking slightingly of Cromwell, or drinking the king's
health, was a serious offence, and savoured of high treason, as witness
the sworn information against Hugh Sheldon and William Calton, of
Youlgreave : —
The information of Samuell Carrington of Youlgrave Shoemaker taken before Raphe
Clarke Esquire the 20th of September 1651.
This informant saith that Hugh Sheldon of Youlgrave came to this informant's shopp
windowe and said to this informant nowe the State is in a sad messe since Gen'all Cromwell
is come into England : And further saith that since Gen'all Cromwell canie into England
the said Hugh Sheldon was with divers others in an alehouse in Youlgrave drinking the
king's health haveinge all theire hatts throwen uppon the flore and hee sawe the said Hugh
Sheldon drinck the said health.
The further examination of Samuell Carrington above said
This examinant saith that after the Scottisse aremie was comme into England that hee heare
William Calton saye God blesse king Charles and put off his hatt, and said hee would
raigne ere long wch the said Calton said in an Alehouse in AUport in the p'sence of divers
others. Ra : Clarke.
6

66 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In 1654, Elizabeth Chawner, of Brailsford, presented a petition to
the justices at Quarter Sessions assembled, complaining of personal
abuse that she experienced from one William Chawner, presumably
a relative, and compelled attention to her case by a further charge
against him of using evil language against Lord Fairfax and Colonel
Saunders. The result was that the offender was bound over to good
behaviour under the recognisance of two sureties.
The humble petition of Elizabeth Chawner of Braylsford spinster
That yor petitioner hath beene much abused with disgracefuU tearmej tending much to her
disrepute, by William Chawner of the same towne, who called her separate whore, and
badd her goe to Fairfax and Sanders houlding upp a Pitchforke betwixt his hands resembling
a paire of Gallowes, And said this is theires and the separates Fortune, being not content to
abuse mee alone, but his Exelensie Thomas Lord Fairefax and CoUonell Thomas Sanders.
The sd Chawner further said that I went to the Church to serve the divell, much revilinge
the Roundheads (as hee Called them) sayinge if the Caveleirs weare not better than they
hee wished they weare all hanged. All which and with others I am reddy to prove to this
Honoble. bench.
Therefor humblie praie the good behaviour against the said William Chawner and that yor
wilbee pleased to take such Course that yor petitioner may live peaceablie by the said
Chawner and shee shall dayly praie, etc.
Another example of these informations, taken from a later
Commonwealth date, gives details as to the offence of singing a
royalist ballad in a public house, together with drinking the health of
the son of the late king : —
The information of Henry William';on of Stanton and Newhall in the County of Derby
husbandman taken on his Corporall oath before James Abney Esq. one of the Justices of
the Peace for the County aforesaid the 24th day of Aprill 1658.
Saith the day and yeare above written yt he and his informant saw SamueU Buckberry
drinking in the house of Henery Heys victualer in Newhall Lordship, and then and there
also heard him sing a certain song in relation to ye late King and his eldest Sonn Charles
Stuart, at the Conclusion whereof the said Buckberry demanded if any man there present
would pledge an health to ye late King's eldest sonn, whereupon diverse persons absolutely
refused to drink any such health, and some others were silent, then the said Buckberry
replyed he would drink that health himself, and did drinke the sd health imediately :
Henry X Williamson
his marke.
The Information of Henry Parker of Stanton and Newhall in the county aforesaid Cole-
miner taken on his Corporall the day and yeare as above -vvritten
Saith that the day and yeare above written Samuel Buckberry was drinking in Henry
Heyes his house (being an Alehouse), and this informant did heare him sing a song in
reference to ye late king and his eldest sonn, and imediately after the sd Buckberry did
drinke the health of Charles Stuart, and invited others to drinke in the same manner but
they refused : Henry X Parker
his marke.

SEDITION.

67

The examination of Samuel Buckberry of Tutbury in ye County of Stafford barbar taken
ye same day and yeare above written
Saith that on ye 24th day of Aprill as abovesaid he was at Henry Heyes his house to
trimme Colliers, and after did sing a song referring to the late king, and after the conclusion
of the song tooke a Cann of Beare and dranke and further saith not. James Abney.
The last instance of seditious language under the Commonwealth
that we quote is undated, but is probably of the year 1650, and seems
to be evidence that had been taken down to lay before the Parlia
mentary Commission of that year for inquiring into the condition of
the ecclesiastical benefices. Though we have not hitherto met with
the name of Smerwick Clark as a vicar of Crich, we can but conclude
that he was either then holding the Benefice or officiating for the
vicar.

Chrich.
Witneses.
PatrickMoris

Mary
Moris

Mary Moris

GorgeBrowneMilesentBrowneMilesent Browne
John Wyld
Richard
VardenCharity Lillewod

Articles Concerninge Smerwick Clarke.
Hee usually speakes again.st the Army sayinge that they goe on in there one
strength, and in the pryde of there one harte, and that God will not deliver by
them.
Hee spooke in justification of Hamleton* sainge that he was wrongfully put to
death, and when the Generalles declaration which he sent to the good people in
Scotland came forth hee said it was lyes, and said that England was the first
that brooke Covenant and that the Scotes was the first that selled Remormation
{sic) in England.
Upon a victory in Ireland against the Rebelles there and a day of Thanksgivinge
beinge apoynted by the parliment and a booke Coming to hand Concerning the
same, he said it was lyes and trudd it under his feete and said would he Reed
lyes in the Church.
And when the Lorde Generall went into Scotland he said to the Clarke I warant
thee Clarke Crumwell will come back with a Bluddy Nose.
And Concerning Richard Varden hee said that hee would make him to stand
upon a Tube bottome with a superscription on his head before the Justices and
that Justis Benit should be the man that should witnes against him.
Hee usually carrieth about with him the Kinge's picture uppon a bookes liefe,
and usually sheweth it to such as have beene enemys to the State.
And Concerning John Wyld hee said that none was against him but such as wear
malicious envyous persons and such as weere in a Consperasi against him and
that they weere of the devell and to the devell they will goo.
Hee is knowne to be a Comone Iyer and a frequenter of leude Company and is
only sosyety is the basest of men and wee for our partes cannot say that ever wee
heard him pray for the good successe of the parliment.
And upon his present oposinge of him hee said that hee cared neither for the
parish nor Benit ( ? Benefice) but hee would have it from above and that hee

* The Duke of Hamilton, who had been sent by the King to Scotland to suppress the
Covenant, was adjudged guilty by the Parliament of high treason against the State, and put
to death on March 9th, 1649.

68 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
would breeke open the Church doore upon the Saboth day morning and hath
broken the loocke of the lych gates.
And when the parliment hath apoynted dayes of Thanksgiveinge for any
victoryes he hath Changed them to other dayes of his one devisinge and in his
preaching hath caled them Rotten parlimentires.
When the Restoration of the monarchy was brought about, the
charges of seditious language continued, though of course the offence
was then of a different character ; that which was loyalty in 1659
becoming treason in 1660, and vice versa. The following are the two
earliest charges of this character that we have met with among the
county papers subsequent to the Restoration, and both yield evidence
of the trashy talk that was thought worthy of being noted by
informers : —
Derb. SS. 30 May 13 Charles II. (1661).
This Informant saith that uppon ye nynthe day of this instant May he beinge in Company
with John Hague, an inhabitant within Aston in ye said County, Thomas Thornell and
others at one Sara Barbors House in Derwent in the sd County : He ye said John Hague,
in this informants hearing, tooke uppon him to speake of ye act of oblivion and said ye
Kinge was a foole and a knave if he made it not voyde, and hanged not upp all ye Rounde-
heads, where uppon this informant rep'hended him ye said John Hague telling him of ye
dangerous Consequence of these words soe by him speaken as aforesaid, but this informant
further saithe yt ye sd John Hague grew high in his languadge and repeated ye words above
and others Roger Barber.
Robt. Eyre.
The information of John Roulston of Etwall Labourer taken before Richard Coke Esqr
September ye 22d 1664.
Who saith yt about this time two yeares this informer did heare Henry Alsibrooke ye
elder of Church Broughton wish yt ye bone meadow were full of souldiers and he amongst
ym and yt he should never be light at heart till yn yt they may pull downe ye higher powers
(meaninge ye Kinge) and yt if there were any riseinge if he had noe horse of his owne he
would take ye best horse he could light on and hoped to be at ye dealinge Rich. Coke.
This may, perhaps, be the best place to introduce a reference to a
conviction for high treason at Derby in 1665, which has hitherto been
unchronicled ; nor have the circumstances attending it been
apparently known to any of our national historians. Historians of
the reign of Charles II. all note the armed rising of a small body of
religious fanatics in Yorkshire and Westmoreland in the summer of
1663. It was quickly suppressed. Fifteen were found guilty of high
treason on trial, of whom several were executed. Some have
minimised this rising as of trifling moment, and one designedly
fostered by the Government to enable them to pass measures such as
the Conventicle Act ; whilst others have regarded it as the partial

SEDITION. 69
explosion, happily soon suppressed, of a generally organised
conspiracy to do away with both the episcopacy and monarchy. But
it has not up till now been known that this was followed by another
rising, apparently of some reality, of the Presbyterians and other
disaffected persons in the Midlands, which was to take place on
October 12th, 1664. Though chiefly in Nottinghamshire and
Staffordshire, Derbyshire had its share, and among the last arranged
Domestic State Papers of the Public Record Office are found various
documents which give authoritative information.*
The Earl of Devonshire, towards, the end of 1664, received
instructions from the Council to inquire into this plot, as Lord-
Lieutenant, so far as Derbyshire was concerned. After a diligent
examination of those charged with complicity, he wrote the following
letter to Secretary Sir Henry Bennett, afterwards so well known as
the Earl of Arlington : —
" Sir, Upon Wednesday the 12th of this moneth I went to Derby where
I met with my Deputy Lieutents and some Justices of the Peace,
whom I desired to assist mee in this service. Before my going I sent
out warrants for such persons as wee then thought fit to bee examined,
and caused them to bee apprehended and brought to. Derby. Upon
the examination of these wee sent for such others as thereupon wee
saw cause to suspect. I send you herewith the copy of all the
examinacons as it was sent me yesterday by the Clarke of the Peace
whom we imployed in the takeing of them. They are of great
length and held us foure days. However the informacon you will
have from them, I thinke, will not bee much more then you know
allready, saving that Caulton in his last examinacon speaks of a
designe of Presbiterians in Staffordshire, wch was to second the
intended riseing of the I2th of October, about a moneth after as
Fletcher told him Masr. Glad man had ordered it. Those wee had
any witnesses against, though but one, are committed to the Gaole.
Others against whome wee had lesse proofe, though there were
reason enough to suspect them, are bayled and I here send you their
names. I wondered that Caulton that could make soe large
discoveries of what was done in Yorkshire and Staffordshire could
say soe little of this County where hee was an Agitator ; but the

* Domestic State Papers, Charles II., Vol. 103, No. 149; Vol. 115, No. 56; Vol. 125,
No. II and No. 56 ; also Entry Book, No. 22, p. 211.

70 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
reason hee pretends for it is that hee found those here already engaged
with those of Staffordshire, and that there were few Anabaptists here
that hee durst trust my Cousin Frescheville was present at all the
examinacons, from whom you will have a perticular account con
cerning the persons now questioned, who are most of them very
inconsiderable there being not proof enough against some we most
suspect. Wee were all of us I assure you very intent upon this
service to have made as full a discovery as possibly we could have
all the disaffected persons of this County. I shall not add further
to yor trouble but to assure you that I am with great respect
Yor most affectionate and humble servant, W. Devonshire."
" It may be further observed from Caulton's examinacons that this
hath been a continued design carried on fqr 2 years together under
severall pretences."
[Addressed] " To the Right Honorable Sr Henry Bennett his
Maties principall Secretary of State at London."
The result of this inquiry was that the following persons were
committed to the gaol to await the Assizes : — Thomas Caulton (the
informer), Philip Wild, James Wright, John How, Francis Shelly, and
Robert Hollingworth. Four persons of some consideration were
admitted to bail, namely. Colonel Saunders, of Commonwealth fame,
Robert Porter, Thomas Goodwin, and Edward Barker.
Every care seems to have been taken to sift the evidence before
bringing the matter before a jury. The Attorney-General directed
the three Counsel retained by the Crown to prosecute, to go through
the informations in March, 1664-5, ^-^^ to report to him. The
following letter shows that they decided only to give evidence against
Wild, with the result that Wild was convicted of high treason and
sentenced.
" Sir, According to your direccons in your letter of the eleventh of
March wee did againe consider of the evidence agt Wright and
Howe and the other prisoners att Derby and wee finde noe evidence
agt any of them but onely the testimony of Calton except agt Wild,
soe as wee did not thinke fitt to p'ceede agt any but Wild who was
try'd upon Sattrday, The course of our evidence agt him was to

SEDITION. 71
make the genrall plott appr and that sevrall was attainted and
executed for itt. This wee did by Waters Nicholson and Calton.
Then we brought it downe to the prisoner that Calton acquainted
him wth the plott and that Lockier would raise 500 att Nott and
offered the prisoner any imploymt under him. Hee said hee would
consider of itt. After this hee spake of the plott to one Revill, and
after hee comeing into the company of Allen and Roper, hee asked
them if any would bee listed as souldrs and hee would give them
presse money. Allen said hee would be listed for the King; the
prisoner reply'd, it is noe matter for whome I will find you
captaines. Allen ye witnesse reply'd, these were dangerous words :
it is noe matter, sayd the prisoner, there will bee an alteracon wthin
fouer or five dayes. The prisoner challenged none nor made any
defence but sd hee had a hurt in his head and a peice of his scull was
taken out and that hee did not remember yt ever hee sd any such
word and if hee did yt hee was in drinke and p'duced some
witnesses that att the falle and waine of ye moone hee was distempered
in his braine and yt a litle drinke would make him distempered in his
braine att any time ; and our witnesses did say that hee had been
drinking att the speakeing the word, but that they did not knowe
that hee was drunke and the prisoner brought some evidence that hee
was not engaged of either side in the late troubles and that hee did
frequent the church. This was the substance of his defence. The
Jury hath found him guilty and on Monday judgemt was given agt.
And wee have it in comand from the Judge to acquaint you that in
regard Easter is soe neer and that there is hopes hee may make
some discovry, yt hee will give order yt execucon shalbee done on
Thursday in Easter weeke. This is the best accompt yt can be
given of this businesse from Yor very humble servts,
Charles Dalyson.
Willm. Ellys.
Nich. Willmot.
Derby 20 March 1664."
[Addressed] " For our much honed freind Sir Geoffrey Palmer,
Knt and Bartt his Maty's Atturney Genii, att his lodgings in the
Middle Temple These."

72 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Poor Wild was respited, and availed himself of his respite to
forward the following petition for pardon to the king ; —
To the King's Most Excellent Matie.
The humble Peticon of Phillip Wylde of Woolley in the County of Derby
Humbly sheweth
That through his animadvertancy and unadvisednes yor Petr was at the last Assizes and
generall Gaole delivery held for the County of Derby convict and condemned for high
Treason whereupon yor Petr humbly peticoned yor most sacred Matie for his Repreive by
whose most gratious favour yor Petr had his life given to him.
Vor Petrs humble suite to yor most sacred Matie is that yor Matie will as already yor
gratious Matie hath done take into yor pious and princely consideracon yor Petrs poore
and deplorable condicon and that yor Petr may have yor Maties warrant for his pdon
amongst others that sue out their genrall pdon for that yor Petr by reason of his poverty
is not able to pay the fees of a pticuler pdon.
And yor Petr as in duty bound shall ever pray for yor Maties most happy and
psperous reigne.
The petition was at last granted ; it is of some interest to follow
it through its various stages.
At ye Court at Whitehall June ye 22th 1665.
His Maty is gratiously pleased to referre this Peticon to Mr Baron Turner before whome
the Peticoner was tryed to certefy his Maty how farre ye Petr is capable of mercy. And his
Maty will then declare his further pleasure. Arlington.
[Endorsed] May it please yor Matie uppon the tryall of the Peticoner it apeared to mee
uppon the evidence, that his scuUe had binne broke and that not only upon the least
drinking of any strong liquor but att severall seasons in the Moone hee would bee very
extravagant wch induceth mee humbly to conceive him to bee a proper object for yor Maties
mercy. All wch I humby submitt to yor Matie. Chr. Tumor.
You are to make copies of the Indictment and Attainder of Phillipp Wilde who was at
the last Assizes holden for the County of Derby attainted of high Treason and deliver the
same to this bearer. And for soe doeing this shall be your warrant.
Dated this 27th of June 1665. T. Palmer.
To Mr Farringilon Clerke of the Assize for ye County of Derby or to his Deputy or either
of them.
I doe hereby certify that at the last Assises and generall gaole delivery held for the County
of Derby before Sr Christopher Turner Knt one of the Barons of his Maties Court of
Excheqr and others Justices assigned to deliver the goale there Philip Wyld of Wolley in
the sayd County of Derby was then indited and convicted of high treason in endeavouring
to list souldiers and levy open warr agt the King and was at the same Assises adjudged to
bee hanged drawne and quartered. A. Farrington, Clicus Coron and Assiars.
Phillip Wilde.
Pardon to Phillip Wilde of Wolley in our County of Derby who was convicted att the
late Assizes held for ye Counly, of high treason in endeavring to list souldiers and lay open
warre agt us and was att that time adjudged to dye for ye same. Sr Christopher Turner is
to cause his name to be inserted among others in the generall pardon by the prepareing &c.
June 27th 1665. By his &c.
T c r-u • . T' Arlington.
To Sr Christop Turner. °

SEDITION. 73
The result, so far as Derbyshire was concerned, of the examination
into the alleged plot, and the trial of the offenders, was certainly very
insignificant, as it merely brought about the conviction, for high
treason, of a single man, with a broken skull, given to drink, who was
subsequently pardoned. We hear no more of those of some position
who were supposed to be cognisant of the plot, and who were ad
mitted to bail by the Lord-Lieutenant ; but, some twenty years later,
old Colonel Saunders, who had played so prominent a part in Derby
shire during the Commonwealth, and who, after the general pardon,
lived peaceably at Little Ireton under heavy recognizances, was dis
charged from his bond given at the Restoration, both in his own
person and in that of his sureties.
The matter came before the court at the Trans. Sessions, 1687,
when the following entry and order were made upon the books : —
"Att the Court at Hampton Court the i8th of June 1687 By the
King's Most Excellent Matie and the Lords of His Maties
most honble Privy Councill.
Upon readinge this day at the Boord the humble Petition of
Thomas Saunders of Little Ireton in the county of Derby Gent
setting forth That on the 26th of July In the 35th yeare of his late
Matys reigne, Hee entred into a Recognizance before Sr Henry
Every barrt One of his Matys Justices of the Peace for the County of
Derby of Two Thousand Pounds Penalty together with two Suretyes
each of them in a Thousand pounds penalty. Conditioned for the
Pet'rs personall appearance before his late Maty in Councill when
thereunto required, and not to depart without License and in the
meane tyme to keepe his Maties peace, as well towards his Maty as
all his leige people. That the Petr hath ever since behaved himselfe
peaceably and loyally, was never sumonned to attend the Councill, nor
hath anything beene objected against him. And therefore prayinge
the said Recognizance may be vacated His Maty was graciously
pleased to grant the Petrs request, And accordingly did Order That
the said Sr Henry Every or such other of his Mat) s Justices of Peace
for the said County whome it may concerne doe Cause the said
Recognizance to bee forthwith delivered up to the Petr and vacated
upon Record. John Nicholas."
" Upon hearing read in Court this p'sent Sessions by the Clarke of
the Peace An Order of his Most Excellent Maty and the Lords of
his Most Honoble Privy Councill dated at Hampton Court the i8th

74 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
day of June 1687 Granted upon the humble petition of Thomas
Saunders of Little Ireton in this County gent. For the vacatinge a
Recognizance entred into by the said Thomas Saunders of Two
Thousand pounds penalty, and from his two Surtyes of One
Thousand pounds penalty a peece before Sr Henry Every barrt one
of his Matys Justices of the Peace for this County the 26th day of
July In the 35th yeare of his late Matys reigne Conditioned for the
said Thomas Saunders his p'sonall appearance before his late Maty in
Councell when thereunto required and not to depart thence without
License and in the meane tyme to keepe his Matys peace as well
towards his then Maty as all his leige people, This Court in humble
Obedience to and in p'suance of the said Order doth Order and it is
Ordered by this Court That the said Recognizance bee and is vacated
accordingly discharge of the said Mr. Saunders and his Surtyes."
The old Parliamentary Colonel, and Custos Rotulorum for Derby
shire, enjoyed his perfect freedom for eight years, dying in 1695, at
the age of 85. He was buried at Mugginton.*
We give one more example of informations of the reign of Charles
IL, for seditious language, consisting of the charges made against
John Wilcock, of Weston-on-Trent, together with his reply : —
Derby SS. The information of Joseph Creswell of Weston upon Trent in ye county
aforesd Laborer taken upon oath ye second daye of August in ye 2lst yeare of or Soveraign
Lord King Charles ye Second before us John Harpur Barronet and Robert Harding Esqs
Two of His Majesties Justices of ye peace of ye sd County as followeth
The sd Informant sworne and examined sayeth yt on Saterday being ye 24th day of July
last, after six of ye Clock at ye night Hee came to ye house and shopp of John Wilcok
of Weston upon Trent aforesd in ye County aforesd Mercer wherein ye sd John Wilcok
then was present, as allso one Elizabeth Rose of Weston aforesd spinster, and this Informant
there sitting downe uttered and spoake these words Vidt (what Newes with you) to which
this Informant answered Mr. Wilcockes I can tell you Good Newes I heare the King hath
Granted an order That wee shall have no more Conventicles, To which ye sd John Wilcok
then and there replyed these words (There will bee Conventicles, for all Him, and I hope
there will not be a King Long).
The Information of Elizabeth Rose of Weston upon Trent aforesd spinster Taken upon
oath ye same second day of August in ye yeare aforesd before us His sd Majesties Justices
of the peace aforenamed as followeth
The sd Informant sworne and examined sayeth yt on Saterday the 24th day of July last
past about sun sett she was in the shopp and Howse of John Wilcoks of Weston upon
trent aforesd Mercer before and when ye sd other Informant Joseph CresweU came in
thither, and stayed there while the discourse happened betwene ye sd Joseph CresweU and
ye sd Wilcoks, and shee heard not ye sd John Wilcoks ask ye sd Creswell what newes or

* See some interesting particulars and pedigree of the Saunders family in the nth vol. of
the Rehqiiary from the pen of Mr. John Sleigh.

SEDITION.

75

what newes with you, But as soone as ye sd Joseph Creswell came into ye sd Howse and
Shopp, He ye sd Joseph Creswell of his owne accorde being full of Drinke Spoke and
uttered these words to the sd John Wilcok vizt you are an. old Conventicular Rogue, The
King hath granted out an order yt all such conventicle Rogues as you are shall be Hanged,
not Imprisoned, but just Hanged upp. To wch ye sd Wilcok then and there to the sd
Joseph Creswell replyed in these words vzt If that bee then wee shall have a King but a
whyle where on ye sd Joseph Creswell offered to strike ye sd Wilcok but did not, and bad
her, this informant, beare witness, and hereon came out of ye sd Shopp and further shee
this Informant knoweth not. John Harpur.
Robt. Hardinge.
The examination of John Wilcoks of Weston upon Trent (on same day before same
justices) as followeth.
This examinant sayeth yt on ye 24th of July last past the sd Informant Joseph Creswell
about ye same time of ye day aforemencioned came to this examinants sd Howse and Shopp
where Elizabeth Rose and this examinant then was, and the sd Joseph Creswell called this
examinant Round-headed Rogue and tould him the king had granted an order yt all Round-
headed and Conventicle Rogues should be hanged upp at theire owne doores. To which
this Examinant upon ye sd Joseph Creswells sd provocation confesseth That hastily and
unadvisedly hee Replyd Then there would not bee a King long ; but further saith hee
being then much provoked and abused with ye sd Creswell his sd ill words against him, this
examinant, Hee doth not now well Remember what hee then sayed. John Harpur.
Robt. Hardinge.
The following is the latest instance of a charge of seditious
language that we have found among the Derbyshire records, namely,
of the year before the '45 rising. The motives -of Benjamin Barker
in making this charge become at least suspicious, when we find that
he at the same time swore an information against John Lewis as to
an assault upon himself and wife : —
The Information of Benjamin Barker of Matlock in ye sd County taken upon oath ye
23d day of June 1744
This Informant upon his oath saith that on ye 20th June Instant John Lewis of the
Liberty of Lea in ye sd County Cursed the King (to wit) King George ye 2d and Dammed
him saying — Dam ye King. The mark of
X Benjamin Barker.
Sworne the Day and year above
written before me
Isaac Borrow.

76 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Xarceni?.
A very large proportion of the numerous informations of the seven
teenth century that are extant among the Derbyshire records per
taining to larceny, relate to the stealing of sheep. In those days of
open moors and unenclosed commons, the temptation to theft of this
character was very strong, and was not materially checked by the
tremendous penalties, usually of death, thereto attached. The
following is the first record of this crime that is among the
informations : —
The examination of Robbert Sowter of Duffeild wyer drawer taken before mee John
BuUok Esqr one of his Maties Justices of the Peace for this county the 8th day of November
1633- Being examined where hee had the ewe sheepe that was found yesterday fortnight amongst
his owne sheepe, and marked with raddle, and an eare croppe like unto his owne sheepe,
and then challenged by widdow Collier of Chevinside to bee her sheepe saith
That about a fortnight before, hee tooke up the said sheepe in Morley way lane, pasturing
with his owne sheepe there, taking it to have beene one of his owne sheepe that hee had
lost a little before, and thereupon did then sett his raddle marke and eare croppe upon it.
Jo. BuUok.
The warning a prisoner against committing himself by any state
ment of his own is a comparatively modern product of English law.
The general use of our justices in the past much more nearly
corresponded to modern French methods of ascertaining the guilt or
otherwise of those suspected. The person charged was almost
invariably examined by the magistrate privately, a course of action
which not infrequently led to confession. Thus Richard Royall, of
Tibshelf, accused before Henry Wigfall, of Renishaw, on October 9th,
1648, of sheep stealing, was examined by that justice, with the result
that his confession is added to the informations : —
"This examinant saith that he upon Satterday last being the 7th day of October wrought
at a Neighbors house the forenone of that day and in the night affter being necessitated for
vittalls for his Familley he whent out into the Groundes of Thomas Ouldham of Hartshill
in the sd County of Derby yeoman and thence tooke one of his sheepe and kild it and cast
the skinn and the bowells into a pitt upon the Common and carried the rest of the aforesaid
sheepe whom to his owne house."
A man charged with stealing a .sheep from Egginton common,
in 1674, hit upon this ingenious excuse in his confession to the
justice — that he was walking back from market at Derby at great
speed in the dark across the common, when he trod on a sleeping
sheep, the sheep rising and he not knowing what it was, but thinking

LARCENY. -j-j
he was being attacked and going to be robbed, wrestled with it until
he had by evil chance killed it ; then finding the sheep was dead, and
expecting he might be suspected of purposely killing it, thought he
had better take it to his house and use it, and hence the mutton that
the constable found in various parts of his dwelling.
Farm produce was often stolen, especially grain, and also yarn.
We have only noted two or three instances of horse stealing. In
1683, a noteworthy petition was presented to the Justices in Session
by Gervase Browne, in which he made bold to inform their worships
that he had had the mare, for which he and his brother Robert were
committed to gaol upon suspicion of feloniously taking, "on Sunday
sevennight of one George Arthur of Hansworth Woodhouse, a horse
coorser, who desired mee to sell or swop ye said Mare for him at
Bakewel faire and hee would content mee for my paines and it seems
hee knowing himself guilty durst not undertake to doe it, but his
guilty conscience accuseing him and feareing lest wee should bee
apprehended, being hee had her not above 3 miles off and then should
cause him to be taken hee forthwith causes us to be apprehended,
and sent to Derby gaole where God knows I fear wee must stay
untill the Assizes and the Constable of Bakewell did take of my
brother 3/2. in money bateing is. 6d. which I hope yr worships will
please to order him to give us yt wee may have something to main
taine us and pay our fees with." The petition is endorsed — " Deliver
the 3//. unto the Gaoler for the use of the prisoners."
The following is an example of the informations of the first half
of the seventeenth century, with regard to the stealing of a goose : —
Derb SS. The Information of Willm Jackson of Alfreton in the sayd County
husbandman and John Godbeare of Riddinges in the sayd parrish of Alfreton,
taken before John BuUok Esqr one of his Maties Justices of the peace for this
county of Derby 26th November 1638.
The sayd William Jackson sayth that on Thursday night last hee had a white-gray goose
stolne out of his yarde in Alfreton aforesayd neare unto the dwelling house of George Clarke
and his wife went the next morninge to the Constable to search for ye sayd goose ; who
taking with him the sayd John Godbere to assist him, The sayd Godbeare sayih yt they
found in the sayd George Clarke's house parte of a goose newly baked (that night as hee
thinketh) in three pastyes, and the rest locked up in a little boxe amongst other ihinges, wch
box when they shaked, the blood dropped out, and found the winge beinge white dryinge
by the fire. Jo. Bullock.
The examination of the sayd George Clarke then and there taken.
Who sayth yt on Fryday was senight hee this exat comminge from worke out of Shrop
shire through Derby hee there bought a goose in ye market wch cost him xvjd and brought
her home to his wife who beinge great wth childe had a desire to have parte thereof
presently baked, and soe tooke some batch meale and baked some parte of the sayd goose

78 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
in three little pastyes uppon the tyle stones, and the rest shee poudred upp in a pott to keepe
till such time as shee could gett some other meate to bake with it, and on the Fryday last
beeinge a fortnight after, the constable comminge to this examinant's house to make search
for a goose of William Jackson that was stolne, found the sayd pastyes and the remainder
of the sayd goose in the sayd pott, and tooke away the same from this examinant. And
denyeth that the same was the sayd WiUiam Jackson's goose, or that hee ever stole any
goose from the said William Jackson. Jo. BuUok.
The depositions relative to a robbery of butter at Ashbourne, in
1742, show that at that time a large trade was done with London in
butter. It was sent to the metropolis by stage waggon in pots
averaging 24lbs. a piece.
Pewter ware was often stolen during the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries : it generally seems to have fetched about 6d. a pound.
As might naturally be expected, the earlier records of Derbyshire
stealing include many instances of the robbery of lead ore and of
mining implements in connection with that industry. A copy is
given of the examination of a labourer charged with this offence in
1634 :—
The examination of Adam Flint of Wirkesworth labourer taken before Jo : BuUok Esqr
one of his Maties Justices of the peace for this County of Derby 4.th Aprilis 1634.
Being demanded whether hee did not yesternight about tenne or eleaven of the clock come
into a coe* in Dainewall within the towneship of Cromford in the parrish of Wirkesworth
belonging unto the right honble Sr Robbert Heath Lord chief Justice of his highnesses
court of Common Pleas and Sr Corneleius Verminden Kt and whether hee did not breake
the said coe :
Saith, That hee was in the same coe about that time, and that hee did breake downe some
part of it, whereby he gott into it.
Being demanded to what intent hee came thither at that time, saith That it was with
intent to have taken but a small parcell of Oare out of the sd Coe to the value of 6d.
Being demanded what hee would have done with such a small quantity of Oare as hee then
confessed hee would have taken saith
That hee knoweth not what hee should have done with it, for that hee thinketh hee should
not have gotten money for it.
Being further demanded whether ever hee was at the said Coe before to steale out any
oare from the same Saith
That hee never was at the said Coe before to steale away any oare from thence, nor ever
anywhere else with such an intent or purpose — Jo : BuUok.
Among the more interesting details for offences of this description
may be mentioned the apprehension of a vagrant by the constable of
North Winfield, in 1633, for cutting boughs^ qfj^ew in the churchyard
of that parish to make into bows.

* Coe was the name for a small house or hut near to a mine, in which the miners stored
the ore, or kept their tools.

ASSAULT. 75
A curious charge was brought in 1639 against a music master, of
Chesterfield, of stealing drapery from the shop of the Mayor of that
borough. The following is the result of the examination of the
accused : —
The examination of Thomas Brandwood of Chesterfeild in the Countie of Derby
Mussistion taken before John Greaves Esquire, one of his Maties Justices of the Peace for
the Countie of Derbie aforesaid The seaventh dale of May : Ano dni 1639.
Beinge demandeth whether hee was in Mr. Will : Newton's shopp now Maior of Chester
feild, upon Friday the third day of May last past, sayth hee was twice there that day, first
in the morninge and afterwards aboute twelve o Clocke ; And the first tyme hee looked if
twoe Remlants of Cloth hardley yards apeece. And had a price of them (but left them) but
afterwards thinkeinge the Cloth worth his monie, haveinge had much familiaritie with Mr.
Maior, for that hee had taught one of his daughters to play of the Verginall, hee made bould
to take the towe peeces of Cloth away, Mr Maior's Children beinge present and in the shopp
(when hee soe tooke them) not with intent to steale them, but to paie for them the price that
was made of them. Never doubtinge there would have bene any evill construction made of
this his Act because hee did it openly and esteemed himselfe of soe much Credyt with Mr
Maior : And further sayth not. John Greaves.
Our extracts, under this head, shall be brought to a close with an
information that gives the remarkably varied contents of a hawking
bag, stolen in 1652 : —
The information of John Holt of Chesterfield within the County of Derby Chapman
taken at Dronfield Upon oath before Lionell Fanshaw Esq one of the Justices of the Peace
within the said County Upon the 25th day of March 1652.
This informant saith yt on Thursday at night last himselfe Edward Holt and his wife and
Godfry Hodgkinson and his wife lodged in a Barne of George Hodgkins in Worsop, and yt
when this informant and the rest afore mentioned were prepareing to goe to bed Henry
Firth come in amongst them, and laid himselfe downe upon a hawkinge bagge of Edward
Holts wherin were a bible 3 pairs of cordevant gloves one paire of sheeps leather gloves two
tobacco boxes two silver scales and a dozen and eleaven pairs of bondstringes and yt after a
little time the said Firth pretendinge to goe home to Troway where he lives left this
informant and the rest and yt before any one else come into or went out of the said Barne,
the said hawkinge bagge and comodityes in it before mentioned was gone, for wch reason
this informant positively accuseth the said Firth for conveyinge away and stealinge the said
bagge and said comodityes in it and further saith not. L. W. Fanshawe.

assault.
There is nothing much as a rule to distinguish the assault cases
of the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries from those of the present
time, and it is unnecessary to burden our pages with records of the
vulgarity, coarseness, and cruelty of those days. Perhaps, however,
there are sufficient characteristics about these two cases to warrant

8o THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the reproduction of the informations, the one relative to an assault on
the constable and watchman of Ashbourne in 1653, and the other on
a Scotch pedlar in 1665.
August 29th, 1653. Richard Watson, of Ashborne, haberdasher of smallwares, beinge
Constable of Ashborne aforesaid, saith uppon his oath that on Saturday the 20th of August
last, between Tenne and Eleven of the Clocke in the night, Mr. German Buxton with Two
others with him, one called Lees whoe lives at Ladyhole and the other called Whitehall,
came to this informer's house, and one of them (they beinge together) knocked deboystly
at this informer's dore and molested him and his wife ; and one of the company threatened
the watchman and said hee would knocke them over there pates, and one of the said
company said yt if his partners would consent to him hee would ruinate the Towne, and
said there was none in the Towne but Appron-men, Butchers, and Tinkers ; and this
informer saith that a Candle was fixed uppon the Post of this informer's house, where it
burnt part of the post, and had it byn but a yard higher might have fired the whole Towne ;
and this informer saith that the said company continued about Three Quarters of an houre,
and when they departed, the said German Buxton gave order to his man to stay till the
Constable came and then make him acquainted, and said wee will goe drink at Mr.
Hippeslays in the meane tyme ; and this informer further saith that hee was in his owne
house at the same tyme ; but his wife would not suffer him to goe forth for feare hee should
have byn hurt.
William Spalton of Ashborne, shoemaker, saith uppon his oath, that uppon Saturday,
being the 20th of August, German Buxton, Mr. Lees, Mr. Whitehall's brother, of Yeldersley,
and one Valentine Jackson some other that night after they had byn at Mr. Manlove's house
walked in the Towne and disturbed severall people, and the said Mr. Whitehall had a large
Bill in his hand ; and further this Informer saith that the said Mr. Whitehall (the other
before-named beinge wth him) would have examined this informer (hee being watchman)
and threatened to strike him, and did endeavour it, had hee not byn held backe ; and this
informer further saith that the said German Buxton did knocke uncyvilly at the dore of
Richard Watson the Constable, and they commanded the watchman to depart from them,
and there uppon this Informer departed beinge not able to resist them. Edw. Manlove.
Archibald Macleod of Glascoe in the kingdome of Scotland saith upon his oath before
Charles Agard Esqr of Foston, that upon Friday the last day of March, 1665, about tenn
of the clocke in the forenoone passinge as a Traveller with severall sortes of linnen Clothe
brought out of Scotland to sell here in England and callinge at the house of John Wetton in
Sudbury, Inkeeper, to enquire for customers to buy his cloth, was demanded by Jane, the
wife of the afore-named John Wetton, the price, which being disliked by the said Jane as
too great, shee gave this informant many ill words as Scotche Do^ge_and, traitor, and '^
afterwards stroke him with her fist upon the face, where upon this Informant endeavoured to
defend himselfe, A certain man to him unknowne but was informed hee was a Chesherman
and a Carrier in the house aforesayd then beinge with a certaine paire of tonges stroke this
informant upon the head three or four tymes and gave three dangerous wounds to this
informant upon the left side of his head in soe much that this Informant bled exceedingly,
and further this Informant saith not. Cha : Agard.

GAME LAW OFFENCES. 8 1
(Barne OLaw ©ffences.
The earliest papers relative to game law offences among the
Derbyshire records, are of the Commonwealth date. The game laws
were rigidly kept up by the " Keepers of the Liberties of England."
An order was issued, through Colonel Saunders, to all the Derby
shire constables in 1650, reciting the penalty of 20s. " for spoylinge
and distroyinge of every feasant, partidge, hare, mallard, pigeon, and
such like games, with any gunnes, netts, crossbowes, or other instru
ments or engynnes, and alsoe for spoyling and distroyinge of every
egg of feasant and partidge, and likewise for killing and distroyinge of
hares with harepipes, cords, or other engynnes." The order also
recited the penalty of 40s. on any person keeping greyhounds or
setters (" setting doggs "), except such as had an estate of inheritance
of ;£'io per annum, or an estate for life of £'^0, or the value of ;^200
in goods or chattels. " Nevertheless," continues the order, " of late
yeares the severall games above mencioned have beene more ex
cessively spoyled and distroyed then hath beene in former tymes,
especially by the vulgar sort of people and men of smalle worthe
imployinge most parte of there tyme in takinge such said games,
thereby bringing themselves the rather unto poverty.'' The con
stables were empowered ^^....arrest such offenders withotit^^janiajjt.
In 1658, the constables of Derbyshire were specially warned to
present all game law offenders at the next Quarter Sessions. The
following is the presentment of Daniell Clarke, constable of Alfreton,
at the Epiph. Sessions, 1658 : —
" Wee present Rowland Allsoppe of Alfreton labourer for traceing
of Hares in ye snow, i8th of this month.
Wee present John Roome of Alfreton for ye like.
Wee present James Garrett senr of Somercoates for ye like."
The Belper constable, at the same sessions, presented " Thomas
Luke collyer for snareinge fesants off a tree."
The following game informations sworn before Justice Lowe, of
Hazlewood, will serve as a specimen of that class of document of the
reign of Charles II. : —
The Information of Francis Ratcliff of Yolgrave in the Counly of Derby against Francis
Smith of Yolgrave in the said County tayler taken upon oath before John Lowe Esqr one of
his Majestyes Justices of the Peace and Quorm for the said County the 30th day of
November 1674.
7

82 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The said Informant saith that upon Saturday morning last being the 28th day of this
instant November hee saw the said Francis Smith trace a hare in the snow in Haddonfeild
banke and shoote her with his gunn and carry her away and the same morninge hee saw
him trace and kill another hare with his gun in Mr. Buxton's ground neer to Haddon feild
which said Land belongeth to the Right Honourable John Earle of Rutland but now in the
possession of the said Mr. Buxton or his Assignes.
The Information of George Sheldon alias Middleton of Yolgrave husbandman against the
said Francis Smith taken before John Lowe Esqr the loth day of December, 1674.
The said Informant saith that hee saw Francis Smith and one Samuell Robert's man upon
Sunday afer the snow fell, as they went to the cattell they had either of them a Mungrill
and killed a hare nigh a close called Shockedale and Francis Smith carried her away.
The Information of William Bache of Stanton gentleman and Richard Nuttall of the same
towne and county mynor against Humphry Fisher of Yolgrave labourer and the above-
named Francis Smith before John Lowe Esqr the loth day of December 1674.
The Informant William Bache saith that the said Francis Smith did confesse to him that
hee had coursed and killed a hare in the snow upon Sunday after ye snow fell.
The said Informant saith that hee did advise the above named Humphry Fisher to make
away his greyhound for that my Lord Rosse was comeing to the Country and that hee would
bee angry att him for keepeing a greyhound and the said Fisher answered h'ee would keepe
him and that hee neither cared for my Lord Rosse nor his Lady, and Richard Nuttall the
other Informant did upon his oath the day and yeare above written affirme that hee was
present when Fisher made this reply to Mr. Bache. Jo : Lowe.
In 1687, Christopher Thorp, constable of Bolsover, presented
" William Godly of Bolsover for destroyinge of hares and fesants and
other sort of game by shuetinge in a gune not beinge qualified
accordinge to the statute att Barlborough att severall tymes untill ye
4th of October."
At the Epiph. Sessions, 1691-2, it was
"Ordered by this Court That Thomas Alsop Clerke Indicted in this
Court for Shootinge in an hand Gun charged wth Powder and Haile
Shott against a Statute in that case made and provided, appeare at
the next gen'all quarter Sessions of the peace to bee held for this
County and then Travers the Same wth effect If the Justices of
assize at the next Assizes to bee held for the County of Derby shall
determine the said offence to bee within the Jurisdicrion of this
Court, and to whome this Court humbly referrs the same."
The numerous documents relative to game keepers' " deputations,"
that are extant among the County Records, will be mentioned under
another section.

SWEARING.

83

Swearing.
A good deal of cheap ridicule has been undeservedly expended
upon the Puritans of the Commonwealth for their legislation
against profane swearing, as though it was something altogether
novel and exceptional. This ridicule is not only poor in point of
morality, but also gives evidence of exceeding ignorance on the part
of the sneerers. The canon law, binding on all England, had ever
prohibited under penalties profane oaths and blasphemy. The post
Reformation canons provided that —
" If any offend their brethren by swearing, the churchwardens or
questmen and sidesmen in their next presentment to their ordinaries
shall present the same, that they may be punished by the severity of
the laws according to their deserts : and such notorious offenders
shall not be admitted to the Holy Communion till they be reformed."
This canon was by no means a dead letter ; we could produce
abundant evidence that in the diocese of Lichfield, presentments
followed by heavy penalties for profane swearing were frequent in the
reign of Charles I. The records of many convictions. for swearing
before the ecclesiastical courts, from Staffordshire country parishes,
have passed through our hands of the years 1630-1640. Moreover
the offence was dealt with by statute law long before the Common
wealth. An attempt was made, in 1601, to punish common swearing
by statute law, but the bill, having been carried up to the Lords,
it dropped after the first reading. Five bills having this object were
introduced during the earlier part of the reign of James I., but it was
not until 1623 that an act was carried defining and controlling the
offence. The 21 James I., c. 20, provided a forfeit of I2d., or in
default, being placed in the stocks for three hours, and the culprit, if
under the age of twelve, was to .be whipped. In July, 1635, Letters
Patent were granted for establishing a public department for enforcing
the laws against swearing, and the money realised was to be paid over
to the Bishops for the benefit of the deserving poor. But by far
the chief suppression of the sin of blasphemy was carried out by the
ecclesiastical courts. When, therefore, these courts were abolished
thoughtful men saw at once that the special kind of moral offences
that they had held in check must now be dealt with more stringently.
Hence came about the greater rigour of the ordinary law in dealing
with blasphemers during the Protectorate, and the convictions appear
in the records of the civil courts.

84 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Under the Commonwealth, a single justice could convict for
swearing, but he had to return to the next Quarter Sessions a list of
such convictions, or a certificate of each case. The following are
some of the earliest examples under the new legislation : —
Md that before me Francis Revell Esqr one of the Justices of Peace of the keepers of the
liberties of England by authoritie of Parliament, It hath this present day (being the xviijth
of November 1650) beene duely proved by the oath of Parnell the wife of William Beardsley
of Sherland in the said County husbandman. That Henry Robinson of Shetland aforesaid
husbandman did upon the xvijth of the same moneth sweare two most odious & detestable
oathes : vidlt By God's blood ; by God's blood ;* and hath paid six shillings and eightpence,
which is distributed to the poore of the same Parish Accordinge to the late Act of Parliament
in that case made & provided. Fr. Revell.
Febr loth, 1650. George Hardy of Hopton convicted for swearinge by God & other
such like othes 6 severall tymes before me Edw, Manlove.
George Gould of Yeavelie convicted likewise for swearinge 6 oathes by God & by the
blood of God since ye first of August 1650. Edw. Manlove.
A certificate of such persons as have bin Convicted upon the late Act of this present
Parliament intituled an Act for the preventing of profane swearinge and Curseinge before
Gervase Bennett Esqr one of the Justices of Peace of this County of Derby since the last
Quarter Sessions of the Peace holden for this County January the seaventh and eighth 1650.
Jan. 24th 1650 Wm. Taylor de Belper Convicted for swearing the first time
Jan. 31st 1650 Jo : CrosseweU de Chester Taylor Convicted the first time
Feb. loth 1650 Wm Miles de Headnaston Yeoman Convicted the first time
Feb. 7th (sic) 1650. Wm Miles convicted the second time
Feb. 13th 1650 Rich. Slack de Chadsden husbandman convicted the first time
Feb. 2ist Wm Rivitt de Brettby convicted the first time
Feb. 24th Tho. Gorse de Quarndon Carpenter convict, the first time
Feb. 2Sth Wm Taylor de Spoondon convict, first time
March 14th Tho. Pim de Sawley husbandman convict, the first time
March 20th 1651 Jo : Lowe de Ockbrooke Convict, first time for swearinge
AUice wife of Jo : Wood of Windly first time convict.
Feb; loth AUice Smith de Sinfin Wid. Convict, first time
1650 Luke Tebbatt de Dreacott husbandman Convict, first time Ger. Bennett.
At the Trans. Sessions, 165 1, Justice Bennett presented a list of the
convictions for swearing, two of them being women ; and at the Mich.
Sessions of the same year, a further list of ten,' some of whom had
been convicted three times. Among Justice Manlove's certificates for
the year 1653 is one against William Taylor, of Bradley, " for swearinge
Tenne oathes uppon the Twentie second of October." The different

* A particularly foolish little book, with a foolish title, A Cursory History of Swearing,
was published on this painful subject in 1884. As a sample of the writer's egregious blunders,
he says with respect to such an oath as that in the text — " The whole brood of Catholic oaths
were swept away by the besom of the Reformation " — and proceeds to give a ridiculously
untrue origin of the use of the word " bloody."

IMMORALITY. 35
justices had varied ways of filling up their certificates. Justice Pegge
styling the offence " curseinge."
The following is an instance of the kind of informarions which set
justice in motion in such cases : —
November 17th, 1651.
The Information of William Hiberd of Ashover taken before mee Samuel Taylor Esqr
one of ye Justices of peace within ye said County.
This Informant sayth yt upon Fryday night beeing the fourteenth day of this Instant
November Richard Dakin of Ashover gentleman, beeing farr gone in drinke, swore twenty
severall oathes, & was very much debeysted other ways.
John Spencer of Ashover aforesaid sayth that at the time aforesaid hee was at the house of
William Hiberd whereinto comes ye said Richard Dakin beeinge full of drinke and
quarelling with the said William Hiberd swore twenty severall oathes & was very much
debeyssed other wayes. S. Taylor.
The offence is now regulated by 19 George II., c. 21, which imposes
a penalty of is. upon a labourer, 2s. upon a tradesman, and 5s. upon
a gentleman.

3mmoralit?.
The same ignorance that has so often been shown in commenting
upon Commonwealth legislation against blasphemy is equally
common with regard to the legislation of that period against im
morality. Instead of being more particular with regard to offences of
that character, the fact is that under Puritan government such sins
were punished less frequently and less severely. Up to the time of the
abolition of the ecclesiastical courts, all offences of this character, in
cluding pre-nuptial fornication, had been habitually punished on the
presentment of the churchwardens. Instance after instance could be
given of midland villages wherein various breaches of the seventh com
mandment, not now usually taken cognizance of, were punished by
the ecclesiastical authorities up to the very eve of the outbreak of the
Great Rebellion. It was imperative, for their credit's sake, that the
Roundheads should substitute statute law in the place of that which
they swept away. With regard to cases of bastardy, though the law
before the Commonwealth time chiefly took cognizance of it because
of the illegitimate children becoming chargeable upon the parish, still
women thus offending were liable to punishment in the houses of
correction, and the Derbyshire records show that such punishment

86 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
was by no means uncommon in the days of the Stuarts. The fol
lowing is a petition presented at Trans. Sessions, 163 1 : —
To the right Worll his Maties Justices of the peace for the County of Derby aforesaid.
The humble petition of Ann Evens now in the house of Correction in Derby Humbly
sheweth That yor poore petitioner has bin in the sd house of correction for the space of six
month last past for haveing a bastard child and has bin sevearely punished for her offence.
Therefore yor sd poore petitioner humbly prayes yor good Worps to take her condition
into yor grave and serious consideration and graunt her her Libertie and yor sd poore
petitioner will ever praye, etc.
It was usual for the father of a bastard to be bound over to hold
the parish harmless from keeping the child. In cases where the
child died, evidence had to be produced of the death at Quarter
Sessions, and there are various papers of this character among the
county records. For instance, in 1632, William Edwards, minister of
Ashover, William Wing, clerk, three of the churchwardens, and other
of the chief inhabitants testify to the death of an illegitimate child,
and pray that the recognizance of the father may be withdrawn.
The following remarkable defence of a woman of Bradley when
charged with having an illegitimate child, wherein she alleges a
marriage with the then representative of the Kniveton family at the,
hands of a Roman Catholic priest, is sufficiently noteworthy to be
quoted at length, and with this we beg to take leave of this unsavoury
subject : —
The Examination of Abigail Bramwell of Bradley taken the nineteenth day of September
1657 before Edward Manlove and Edward Pegg Esqrs two Justices of peace of the said
county. The said Examinate beinge charged to have a bastard Child and thereupon prosecuted in
the behalfe of the parish of Bradley aforesaid to which parish the said child may be charge
able Answereth that about twelve Moneth since she was married to Gilbert Kniveton Esqre
(late of Bradley, deceased) at London in a house shee kno-wes not, nor in what streete shee
knowes not, nor of what name the Parson is that married her shee knowes not, and saith that
when shee was married to the said Gilbert Kniveton none were present but the said Gilbert
herselfe and the Preist that married them and further saith the said Preist that married them
was a popish Preist. ^ Edw. Manlove. Edw. Pegge.

Mitcbcraft aiiD Cbarms.
When Reginald Scot published his " Discovery of Witchcraft " in
1584, he was more than a century in advance of his time. A statute
had been enacted towards the close of the reign of Henry VIII., and

WITCHCRAFT AND CHARMS. 87
reaffirmed by Elizabeth, declaring all witchcraft and sorcery to be
felony without benefit of clergy.* The pedantic and superstitious
James was as much behind the age as Scot was in advance of it. Six
years before he came to the English throne, James Stuart issued his
" Demonologie," being riioved to compose the work by " the fearful
abounding at this time in this country of those detestable slaves of the
devil, the witches or enchanters." When he came to the English throne,
the Parliament, through his influence, passed a retrograde " Act
against Conjuration, Witchcraft, and Dealing with Evil and Wicked
Spirits," wherein the subject was treated with greater elaboration,
cruelty, and credulity than in all past statutes. By this Act, the in
vocation or conjuration of any evil spirit was to be felony ;¦ and to
entertain, employ, feed, or reward such a spirit, as well as to exhume
any dead body, or any" part of it, for purposes of witchcraft, or to
practise any witchcraft by which anyone should be killed, destroyed,
wasted, pined, or lamed were also felony, and as such punishable by
death. Certain minor forms of incantation subjected the guilty person
to the pillory.f Convocation also was ready to deal with this imagi
nary crime, and by the 72nd Canon of the Convocation of the
Province of Canterbury, 1604, prohibited attempts to cast out devils
by the clergy without special license of the bishop of the diocese. A
terrible amount of innocent blood was shed through this unhappy rc-
jdval of the superstitious sport of witch-finding, the victims numbering
beyond doubt many thousands. This flame of credulity burnt steadily
right through the seventeenth century, though with much more vigour
before than after the Commonwealth ; but even such a proverbially
learned and upright judge as Sir Matthew Hale passed sentence of
deatjx by burning on two women at Bury St. Edmunds in 1665. Two
witches were executed in 1705, and five in 1712. In 1716, Mrs. Hicks
and her daughter aged nine, were hung for the same imaginary crime
at Huntingdon. The laws against witchcraft then lay dormant for
some twenty years, when an ignorant person attempting to revive
them, by finding a bill against an old woman in Surrey for the prac
tice of witchcraft, brought about their repeal inj. 7^6. By that Act,
which repealed the wicked laws of James I. and his predecessors, the
crime of witchcraft, except as an imposture, ceased to exist in the eye
of the law.|

* 33 Henry VIII., c. 8 ; 5 Elizabeth, c. i6.
t I James I., c. 12.
t Q (lenrtTp 11.. r. c.

T I james 1., c. 12.
I 9 George II., c. 5

88 . THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Within three years of the accession of James I. the new Act
against witchcraft was put in force in the county of Derby, the
witches of Bakewell being burnt to death in 1607 ; but the stores
of the Public Record office refuse to yield any information as to
their number or the particulars of the offence, so that we can do
no more than chronicle the fact. The County Records are naturally,
for the most part, silent on this once common crime, because being
felony it came before the judges of assize and not before the justices,
save by way of commitment. There are, however, a few papers of
interest relative to this offence, of three of which we give full
transcripts. The first is a certificate to the justices from John Rowlandson,
Vicar of Bakewell, as to ,charm,s alleged to be issued by a Mr.
Hall, an offence which could be dealt with at "Quarter Sessions. Mr.
Rowlandson was instituted to the vicarage in 161 5, but held it for a
long period ; the certificate is undated, but we believe it to be towards
the end of the reign of Charles I. : —
To the right honble and right worpU his maties Justices of peace for the county of Derby.
The humble certificate of John Rowlandson vicar of Bakewell, Shewinge that about five
yeeres since one Ellen Gregory of Over Haddon in the parrish of Bakewell came to mee in
the church of Bakewell, & seemed to bee much troubled with a thinge that was sowed up in
a cloth & hunge in a stringe about her neck ; wch beinge opened, there was founde in it a
paper in wch (to my best remembrance) there were about tenne lynes written, but soe as
that I could not read all, The wrightinge (as I conceaved) was intended for a charme, or
some such like thinge ; & (as the poore woman confessed to mee) it was hunge about her
necke by one Mr. Hall who had 3 li. of her husband in hand, & was to have 3 li. more
when shee was cured of her lunacy. But yt charme being taken away, the same man comeing
to her afterwards did fasten uppon her annother paper, in which there was nothing soe much
wrighting as in the former, for uppon ye sight of it I read it & founde that to bee but a peece
of the Lord's prayer ; I am enformed that this Mr. Hall dwells about Glossop and is by trade
a Webster, But this I am confident of that hee is about 40 yeeres of age of a rayddle stature,
& somewhat yellowish haired, for I have since mette wth him, & tould him of his folly, wch
hee could not deny, but seemed to promise reformation, which if hee have not made good,
hee deserves to bee severely punished, either as a charmer, or as a cheater or in some other
such manner as shall seeme best to your Wisedom.
In 1650, the following informations were tak^n before Justice
Gervase Bennett, one of the most active of the Derbyshire
Commonwealth justices, against one Ann Wagg, of Ilkeston. Be
yond the fact that the reputed witch was committed for trial,
we know nothing as to her fate ; but slipshod and puerile as the
statements are, and wholly illogical in their reasoning, they are
just as strong as many that were followed by the capital sentence,
so we should think there is little doubt that Ann Wagg was burnt

WITCHCRAFT AND CHARMS. 89
to death on evidence that now-a-days would not even convict a
poacher : —
The Information of Francis Torratt of Ilkestone in the County of Derby Baker, Taken
before Gervase Bennett Esq., one of the Justices of peace for this County June the xviiith
1650, upon his oath.
Concerning Ann Wagg of the same Widdow upon .Suspicion of being a Witch or useing
enchantmt Whereby she hath done hurt & impayred divers persons with their goods.
Saith she hath beene comonly suspected to bee a Witch & about three yeares agone the
said Anne did upon a. certain Satterday give forth some speeches against this Infor & his
Wife to Elizabeth Parkson this Infor then Servt whoe told this Infor of them & the next
Lord's Day as this Inforr his Wife & the said Servt weere going to church the said Anne
Wagg stood in the way & frowned upon the said maide butt uttered noe Words &
presently the Mayd fell sick & was not able to goe a Stones Cast & the same night this Inforr
caused his mayd to lye neere to this Infor and his wife & about nine of the Clock in the night
the Mayd Cryed out Master Mr. but this Infor & his Wife being both awake Could not
answer her untill Somthing went of the Maydes bed and then this Infor gott of his bed and
the Maid said see you not this Catt, looke where shee goes & this Infor could not stir till the
Catt was gone & then this Infor went to the Mayd & then shee cryed out of her throate &
there her Winde was stopt. And the Mayd haveinge formerly heard that the putting the
tongues into the fire the Woman if she was a witch Could not goe. She did put the tongues
in the fire & the said Anne did not goe till they were taken forth againe. And lately the
Minister Mr. Foxes Wife faUing suddainely sicke about five weekes since the said Ann was
suspected as this Infor hath heard & the said Mr Fox fetcht her downe & his Wife drew
blood on her. Ger. Bennett.
The Information of Wm Smith of Ilkestone in the County of Derby husbandman Taken
before Gervase Bennett Esq one of the Justices of peace for. the said County June the Six
& twentieth 1650.
This Infor saith that about two Monthes since Ann Wagg Came to John EUott's to
desire Milke & shee not being provided to give her went Away Grumbling & this Infor said
Would you had given her some but before the next Morning they found a Calfe of theires
dead wch was well overnight.
The Information of AUice the wife of Wm Day of Ilkeston aforesaid taken the same day
concerning the same matter.
Saith that about two or three yeares since one Elizabeth Webster dyed who tooke upon her
death that Anne Wagg had done her hurt & this Infor would have had her the said Webster
to have forgiven the said Ann Wagg but she refused & would not.
The Information of Elizabeth the Wife of George Gothard of Ilkestone aforesaid taken
concerning the same matter.
Saith about fifteene yeares since Ann Wag Came to this Infers house to buy some
whea but this Infor told her she had promised it her sister & she answered is not my Money
as good as hers & the same night this Infors Child fell suddainely sick & was taken with a
Continuall Shakeing & soe continued a week and then recovered & by the foureteene dayes
the child was well recovered & then the said Ann Wagg the very same Satterday was
fortnight came to buy butter but this Infor not haveing any for her she went away & the
very same night the Child fell sick suddainely & dyed before morninge.
The Information of Ann the wife of Tho : Ancoke taken ye same day concerning the
same matter. This Informant saith about tenn dayes since she had a daughter about
fifteene yeares of age whoe being sick the said Mayd in her sickness & divers of the
Neighbours had some feare least Anne Wagge had done her some hurt & caused her to be
sent for and they asked forgiveness each of other & soe the Girle dyed & in the time of her

90 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
sickness the mayd said she was witch-ridden for this she knowes because she could not
speake. The Information of AUice the wife of Wm Carpenter of Ilkestone aforesaid taken the
same day Concerning the same matter upon her oath Saith Ann Wagg is of ill repute & that
about twelve monthes since this Informant's child was taken suddainely with a skreeking &
soe continued about a weeke & then dyed & she being ill reputed before did then Call her a
Witch, & was the rather induced to beleeve soe by reason the Child was taken with
skreeking & foming att the Mouth wch fitts Continued for the space of foure dayes & then
the Child dyed. Ger. Bennett.
Thirty years later a vague charge of witchcraft was brought against
the well known Romanist baronet. Sir Henry Hunloke, himself a
justice in the time of James II. , together with some of his tenantry.
The charge was considered sufficiently grave to be met by articles of
general misdemeanour exhibited against the complainant, Elizabeth
Hole: Articles of Misdemeanour exhibited & sworne unto against Elizabeth Hole of Wingerworth
in the County of Derby spinster before Thomas Eyre Esqr one of his Maties Justices of the
Peace of the County of Derby aforesaid the Tenth day of September Anno Dom. 1680.
Imprimis. The sayd Elizabeth Hole ali Turner is a very disorderly & dissolute person &
very troublesome, & dangerous to her neighbours, as may appeare by the particulars
foUoweing. Item. The sd EUzabeth hath defamed & scandalized Sr Henry Hunlocke Barront, one
Richd Clayton Gent, Richard Marshall, & one William Walker by giveinge forth in speeches
that the sd Sr Henry & the rest have held her in witchcraft, by means of which speeches
the sayd William Walker is bound over to appeare at the next Assizes for this Counly aforesd
to his great trouble & expence.
Item. The sayd Elizabeth hath formerly cutt up the woods and underwood of the sayd
Henry Hunlocke to the damage of the sd Sr Henry.
Item. The sayd Elizabeth hath claimed marriage of severall married persons of good
repute (Charles Dixon, Geo. Hole, John Fidler, Francis Eastmeate), And publikely justified
the same to their great scandall.
Item. The sayd Elizabeth hath further scandalized the.sd Sr Henry Hunlocke by
declaringe publikely that the sd Sr Henry withheld her right from her where as the sd Sr
Henry is & alwayes was a stranger to any of her concerns.
Item. The sd Elizabeth hath further defamed the sd Sr Henry & the other persons
abovesd by sayinge they first went about to starve her & now goe about to Destroy her by
conjuration. Item. The sd Elizabeth (if any neighbour thwart her humour) imediately threatens to goe
to Mr. Gladwin & place them ( meaning imprison theni) to the terror of her sayd
neighbours. Item. The sd Eliz. hath further scandalized the sayd William Walker by saying
publikely to him, Goe carry thy stolen goods home to the Hall meaning Sr Henry Hunlock's
house. Item. The sd Eliz. hath likewise scandalized the sayd William Walker at other tymes
by saying hee had robbed Sr Henry Hunlock's clossett, whereas there was never any such
thinge done.

SECTION VI.— FISCAL.

Subsidies. The Board of Green Cloth. Benevolences
AND Loans. Ship Money. Commonwealth Assessments.
The Excise. A Tax on Leather. Hearth Money.
Window Tax. Hair Powder Certificates.

SECTION VI.— FISCAL.

Subsibies.
The various acts for the payment of subsidies for imperial or royal
purposes, under the Tudors, contained long and elaborate regulations
for the assessment and collection of the tax, which we have only
space to briefiy summarise. The taxpayers were divided into two
classes, (i) landowners charged in respect of their income in terris,
and (2) persons charged in respect of their movables in bonis, which
included crops from land. Sometimes a light poll tax was added for
persons not otherwise charged. Aliens paid double. A full sub
sidy was 4s. in the pound in terris, and 2S. 8d. in bonis; but sometimes
the subsidy was collected in parts. An exemption was allowed for
persons having less than £'^ in value, at which figure the charge
began. The inhabitants of the northern counties of Northumberland,
Cumberland, and Westmorland were exempted, as liable to be
ravaged by Scotch invasions. The appointment of commissioners for
the management of the tax was in the hands of the Lord Chancellor,
associated with other great officers of the crown. For the purposes
of as.sessment they were to divide themselves into sets of district com
missioners for the various hundreds, and to issue their precepts to the
constables and other inhabitants to attend for examination. The
assessors were to be appointed by and to return their certificates to
the commissioners, and persons dissatisfied in the assessment were
allowed an appeal to the commissioners. Collectors were also
appointed by the commissioners, who were accountable to the high
collector of each shire, who in his turn was accountable to the ex
chequer. The commissioners being invariably landowners, and as a
rule local justices, it is not surprising to find that the subsidy in terris

94 three centuries of DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
was assessed on monstrously low terms, whilst that in bonis, levied on
the merchants and traders, was sometimes as egregiously high.*
In 1592, after much debate, an Act was passed by the two Houses
granting three entire subsidies for the next three years (in addition to
the old fifteenth and tenth grants), to be paid half yearly at Easter
and Michaelmas, but with a proviso that the grant should not be
drawn into a precedent. At the same time two clerical subsidies of
4s. in two years were confirmed.f On July 20th, 1594, the lords of
the Council wrote to the Commissioners of the subsidy in Derbyshire,
significantly ordering that all the Commissioners of that shire should
meet together in one place for the purpose of rating themselves ;
such rates to be set down in writing and signed, so that the Council
might know who were present. Accordingly, on August 29th, four of
the Derbyshire Commissioners met at Belper and set down the rate
of their own assessments as follows, each of them being in terris
only : — John Manners ;^40, William Cavendish ;^30, John Stanhope
;^20, and John Rodes ;^26 13s. 4d. The other Commissioners, who
were not then present, were Sir Humphrey Ferrers, Francis Leeke,
Godfrey Foljambe, William Bassett, John Harpur, William Kniveton
of Bradley, and William Kniveton of Mercaston.
Among the recently discovered Belvoir Castle records is a note, in
the handwriting of John Manners, dated September 8th, 1595,
of the names of the Commissioners for Derbyshire for the different
hundreds, with the date of their meeting for the purpose of assessing
the half subsidy due that Michaelmas.
Scarsdale. John Manners, Francis Leeke, William Cavendish,
and William Kniveton of Mercaston, at Chesterfield, Sept. 23d.
High Peak. John Manners, Francis Leeke, William Cavendish,
and William Kniveton, at Bakewell, Sept. 24th..
Appletree. William Bassett, John Stanhope, William Kniveton
of Bradley, Willi9.m Kniveton of Mercaston, at Brailsford, Sept. 25th.
Wirksworth. Sir Humphrey Ferrers, William Kniveton of
Bradley, William Kniveton of Mercaston, Henry Sacheverell, and
William Bassett, at Kirkireton, Sept. 23d. . . .
Repton. Sir Humphrey Ferrers, William IBassett, and Henry
Sacheverell, at Repton, Sept. 23d.

* See Dowell's History of Taxation and Taxes in England, vol. I., pp. 151-9. Mr.
Dowell describes the method adopted as " a burlesque of assessment and a travCstie of
taxation." t 35 Elizabeth, cc. 12, 13.

SUBSIDIES. 95
Morleston. William Bassett, Henry Sacheverell, and John Stan
hope, at Denby, Sept. i8th.*
In 1601, after the Spaniards had landed in Ireland and fortified
Kinsale, the crown asked for further subsidies. There was much
debate in the Commons, and it was urged that the subsidy should be
gathered by a new commission, and not according to the old roll ;
the iniquity of justices of the peace assessing themselves at £6 or
;^lO, when the statutory qualification for a justice was that they
should be assessed at £20, being pointed out by some bold members.
In the event, four entire subsidies were granted.-f-
On January 12th, 1601-2, the Commissioners for these subsidies
were nominated for the different hundreds of Derbyshire. They
were much the same as in the list just given of 1595. John Bentley
was added for the hundreds of Scarsdale and High Peak; Francis
Fitzherbert and Richard Harpur were new Commissioners for
Wirksworth, Morleston, and Appletree ; whilst John Francis was
associated with Richard Harpur as the only two for Repton. On the
same date the Scarsdale Commissioners issued their precept to
Godfrey Clark, high constable of that hundred, to summons the con
stables and principal inhabitants to meet them at Chesterfield on
April 1 5th, for the purpose of raising the subsidy granted by the late
Parliament by presenting the names of all persons within their con
stabularies who have lands of the yearly value of 20s., or are worth
in goods ;£"300 or upwards, and also the names of all aliens and
strangers inhabiting. amongst them, with particulars of their estates.
The first grant made to James I. in 1605, by the Parliament that
so narrowly escaped the gunpowder plot, included three subsidies
from the laity.| On June 17th, 1606, Sir John Bentley wrote to Sir
John Manners enclosing a list of the Derbyshire Commissioners for
the assessment of the first payment of the first of these subsidies.
The list included the names of Lord Cavendish, Sir John Manners,
Sir Francis Leeke, Sir Peter Frescheville, John Parker, Sir John
Bentley, Henry Sacheverell, William Kniveton of Bradley, Francis
Fitzherbert, Richard Harpur, Robert Bainbrigge, and Sir John
Stanhope. On January 17th, 1606-7, the Derbyshire Commissioners
received a letter from the lords of the Council complaining of the
smallness of the amount received in discharge of the last subsidy.§
In 1620 subsidies were granted for assistance to the new King of
* Belvoir MSS., Vol. xii. + Belvoir MSS., Vol. xiv.
. X 3 James I,, c. 25. § 43 Elizabeth, c. 17.

96 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Bohemia, and also in 1623 as compensation for the abolition of
monopolies. Ship- writs then took their place till 1641, when they
were again granted to the king. In 1663 the final subsidies were
granted by Parliament, when it was generally admitted that the
subsidy, as a method of taxation, had become effete.

^be Boarb of (Breen Clotb.
The Board of Green Cloth was, in the Elizabethan and Stuart
times, the worst remainder of the ancient right of purveyance for the
King's use. Under the authority of this board, victuals for the
use of the royal household were exacted at prices far below the real
value, and in quantities far beyond any possible requirement.
On December i8th, 1593, an agreement was entered into between
Sir Francis Knollys, treasurer of the Queen's household, and Sir James
Croft, controller, and the rest of the officers of the Green Cloth, with
Robert Milward, to compound for the delivery of 40 oxen and 200
sheep from the county of Derby.* The order also authorises Robert
Milward, as purveyor, to seize upon hay, pasture, and even drovers
for the cattle when conveying them to town, at "reasonable price and
payment." All justices, bailiffs, constables and other officers are
warned to aid and assist the purveyor to the best of their power.
So much dissatisfaction was caused by the enforced collection of this
provision in kind, that the Earl of Shrewsbury, acting for the rest of
the justices, was at last able to enter into an arrangement with the
Board by which each hundred should pay annually a fixed sum to
Robert Milward as purveyor. This did not, however, work well, and
the arrears had got so considerable by January, 1596-7, that Milward
drew up an account of the deficiencies of the three past years and
submitted it to the bailiffs of the respective hundreds. The following
is a copy of this account : —
Mr. Myllward's Account and the Bailiffs for the provision, 22 Januai-y 1596.
Woorkesworth. Arrerages.
First in old arrerages imposed by the old Erie . . . . xxiijj. v]d.
1 595 Itm this yeare behinde  xxvjj. ijrf.
1596 Itm this yeare behinde wherof he hathe a pticuler notise \\]li. xixf. vija'.
Itm Wigley the Baylif hath in his owne handes . . . . xU. vija". .
In Roger Skymer's hand  iiij/z. jj. yl.
Sma vij/z. vjj. iiijd.
* Most of the information pertaining to the Board of Green Cloth and Derbyshire is taken
from the Belvoir MSS.

-viij/a. vs.

THE BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH. 97
Repton and Greasley.
There is behinde in all in this Hundred  U. ijrf.
Sma Is. ijd.
Derbie towne.
In old arrerages  xxxj.
1595 In this yeare  xxs.
1596 In this yeare  xxxs.
Sma iiij//.
Scarsdale.
Mr Strelley is v yeares behind  xxxiiijj. iiijrf.
Pleasley Sherbrouk and Tloughton for the yeare 1594 .. xxiiijj-. iiij(/.
Stretton for the yeare 1594  viijj. xd.
Sma iijA'. vjj. vjd.
A pticuler he hathe of this.
Itm there was vijli. xi]d. for iiij yeares arrerages sett uppon '
this Hundred to be levied uppon the gent and best men, • vij/«. xi]d,
wch was never collected  ^
1596 Norton for this yeare  .¦  xxvjs. vn]d.
Dronfield  xlijj. xd.
Glapwell & Rowthorne  xi]s.
AUferton  xxvji. viijrf.
Elmeton & Creswell ;  xiijs.
Sutton & Duckmanton  xxxiiijj.
Sma Scarsdale xviij/«.' xs. v']d.
Heigh Peak.
This Hundred is nothing behinde but onely Ivijj. xd. wch was '
pt of those arrerages imposed upon the gent and best men for . Ivijj. xd.
iij yeares wch the Bayliff hath undertaken to see discharged
Appletry.
Bayliff Ball offereth to stopp ixli. in his hande of the moneyi
due in the yeare 1595 for his fees wch he sayth he did not j-ix/z. xjj.
receive before  J
Anthony Latham was behinde xlijj. viijt/. whereof as he saith 1 
xxs. for the old Erie and for Mr Strelley xxij.f. viij^;?. . . S
Sma tota Ui. vij.f. ixd.
Woorkesworth.
A pticuler note of the said xxiijj. vjd. for arrerages sett downe at lardge as yt is due.
Mr Knyveton of Bradley for Imber Grange  ijj. vjd.
Mr Blackwall for Wendsley  ijj-. vj^.
Mr Flackett  ij^.
Mr Edward Cocken  xi]d.
Mr Anthony AUsop   xi^d.
Mr John Basford  xijrf.
John Harrison Hurdloe   ijJ.
Thurston Dale   xviijrf.
Adam Woolley  ij.f.
Edward Myllward for Bentley  xijd.
Ric. Cotton  xijd.
George Jackson  xijd.
George Buxston  xijd.
France FuUwood  xijd.
Tho : Woodward, Winster  xi]d.

98 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Nichas Hurt  xijaf.
Tho : Woodward of Knyveton  xijd.
Mr Armestrong for Poole Hall .  ijJ. xxiiji. v]d.
A pticulr of the xxvji. ijd.
1 595 Mr John Flackett  vjs. viijd.
Hartington Soke  xj-
Dethick Tansley & Lea  vijj.
Woorkesworth  ijj. vja".
Sma xxvj.r. ijd.
Workesworth. A pticuler of the iij//. xixs. vijd.
1596 Mr Flackett   viiji.
Dethick Tansley & Ley  xjs.
Hartington Soke  viijj.
Mapleton & Thorpe  viijj-.
Knyveton, Ofcote and Underwood  xxiijd.
Woorkesworth  iiij.f.
Bradbume . . . . .  xxs.
Sr Humfrey Ferrers for Lea demeaues & his grandge . . xviijj. viijf/.
Sma iij//. xixs. vijd.
Scarsdale. A pticuler of the vijli.
The Countess of Shrewsbury  vjj-. viijd.
Therle of Shrewsbury  vji. viij<^.
Francis Leek, Esq  iiij.5.
Godfrey Follambe, Esq  iiij.?.
Wm Cavendishe, Esq  iij.f. iiij<^-
Jo Rodes, Esq  iijj-
Peter Fretchevile Esq  iij.f-
Wm Bradburne, Esq   ij.f. vjd.
Mr Hercules Foliambe . .  ijs.
Mr Robert Syttwell  ijJ-
Mr John Parker  xvjd.
Mr Barker of Dore  xiiij^.
Mr Revill of CarUngthorpe  xvj^.
Mr Basford Cutthorp  xvjd.
Mr Longe  xijd.
Mr Strelley  xijd.
Mr Blunt  -. . xvjd.
Mr Lynaker  xvjd.
Sma xlvij.f.
Wch being unpaide for iij yeares cometh to vijli.*
On February 3rd, 1596-7 the ofificers of the Green Cloth write, from
the Court at Whitehall, to the young Earl of Shrewsbury, and to John
Manners and Sir Humphrey Ferrers as his deputies, requesting the
immediate collection of all arrears of money due in respect of the
composition for the Queen's household. If all the arrears were not
* Belvoir MSS., Vol. XIII., No. i.

THE BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH. 99
paid up at once, security was to be taken for the appearance of the
defaulters at the Queen's counting house at Court.
On September 13th, 1597, the Earl of Shrewsbury wrote to the
officials of the Green Cloth, enclosing a warrant for their signature
for the appearance before his deputies of those who had refused to
pay their share of the provision composition ; and on the i8th of the
same month the Board send their reply to John Manners and Sir
Humphrey Ferrers, requiring them immediately to call the defaulters
before them and to bind them to make their personal appearance at
the Green Cloth on October 20th.
The next year the trouble with Derbyshire over this hated impost
was renewed. In April, 1594, the Derbyshire justices heard from the
Board to the effect that Mr. Serjeant Lancaster, master of the house
hold, and other officers were at Creslowe on April loth, and remained
there four days, expecting the delivery of the sheep according to the
new composition, but none appeared. The Board upbraided the
Derbyshire justices for their neglect, warned them that they might
be fined 2s. 6d. per sheep, and gave them till next May loth to deliver
the right number of sheep at Creslowe in good condition. The receipt
of this letter was acknowledged by John Manners, John Rodes,
W. Cavendish, John Bentley, H. Sacheverell, and John Francis.
After waiting till April 25th, the justices wrote to Lord North, Sir
William Knollys, and the rest of the officers of the Green Board
asking for an extension of time for the composition of that year,
owing to the barren state of the county. On the same day they sent
a copy of that letter to the Earl of Shrewsbury, and wrote further
begging him to move to appoint someone to undertake to serve the
provision for Derbyshire who would accept a reasonable sum and
who would give them longer time for the levy. Thpy reported that
Robert Milward declined to act any longer, and that they had neither
the sheep nor the oxen that would content the officers. Tliey stated
how unwilling the people were to pay this charge, and hoped that the
Earl might be able to get the Board to accept a composition of ;^l6o
or ;£^i8o, which was quite as much as Nottinghamshire paid.
The officers of the Green Cloth, however, were firm in their demands,
and on May 8th wrote again to the Derbyshire justices, from the
Court at Greenwich, stating that order had been given to the purveyor
to take within the county as many oxen and sheep as were contained
in his commission, unless good and serviceable cattle were speedily
delivered at Creslowe. They stated that the Earl of Shrewsbury

100 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
had offered on their behalf ;^2oo in lieu of cattle, but it was so
far short of the composition that it could not be accepted. On the
1 6th of the same month, the Earl of Shrewsbury writes from Broad
Street to the justices saying that he had offered openly to the Board
and had also pressed on the chief of them privately the proposal of
;£'2oo, but it was not accepted, whereupon a Commission was directed
to Walton, whom the Earl thought " an honest and sufficient man."
He had got a like commission for Yorkshire and Staffordshire, and
the Earl suggested he should be offered a sum of ;^220 when he
reached the county. The justices took the Lord Lieutenant's advice,
and on the visit of the purveyor in June they compounded with
Walton for ;£'22o, with a private fee of ;^20 for himself, but still found
the county so unwilling to pay the levy that they wrote to the Board
asking for warrants to distrain on those refusing. The Board replied
accepting the composition, declining to grant warrants, but stating
that they would send a marshal to compel the attendance before them
of any refusing their share.
Christopher Walton was the chief purveyor of the Board, and
seems to have had the refusal of all their contract's or compositions-
He was purveyor, at this time, we know, for the counties of Devon
shire and Wiltshire, as well as for Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Notting
hamshire, and Derbyshire.
By the composition that the justices made they rendered them
selves personally liable for the different hundreds. Earl of Shrewsbury
for Scarsdale, John Manners for High Peak, John Stanhope and
Henry Sacheverell for Appletree and Morleston, and Francis
Fitzherbert and Sir Humphrey Ferrers for Repton and Wirksworth.
But the people were so unwilling to pay, that in August, 1598, the
justices wrote to Lord North and the other officers signifying that
they could no longer perform the composition, with the result that the
Lord-Lieutenant was ordered to instruct the bailiffs of the different
hundreds to distrain for the arrears due to the household.
In March, 1598-9, Christopher Walton entered the county with full
power as purveyor to seize all cattle and sheep that were required.
After the conclusion of the Easter Sessions, John Manners wrote to
the Lord-Lieutenant, on behalf of the justices, saying that as they
had declined the composition they could not undertake to make any
new assessment, and that the purveyor had no power to treat with
them, only to take the cattle, and begging him to intercede with Lord
North and the others that they would be mindful of the state of that

THE BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH. Id
poor shire. In return the Earl wrote to his uncle urging him to
renew the composition at ;£'220, with another gift of ;£'20 to the pur
veyor ; but the Board continued to levy on the cattle and sent down
their own marshal to arrest defaulters and bring them up to London.
On May i8th, 1599, John Manners and Sir Humphrey Ferrers
write to the Earl, saying that Walton had already taken a good many
sheep and oxen before his further suggestion came, and that if now
they agreed to give him £240 they would still have to bear the loss of
the cattle already taken ; they begged him to try and compound for
them at some lesser rate. On June 6th, 1599, a special meeting of
the justices was held at Derby, attended by John Manners, Sir
Humphrey Ferrers, H. Sacheverell, J. Stanhope, John Willoughby,
and W. Kniveton, with the result that they sent a communication to
Lord North and the Board to the effect that the county had been
greatly charged by the late purveyance, amounting to 29 oxen and
180 wethers, which were levied at such an under rate that the late
owners were willi,ng to give ;^5o to have them restored and making an
offer of .^i8o as annual composition, which had been the uttermost
rate till Walton came, and further being willing to give Walton ;^20
towards his expenses. In the next month, the justices again came
to an arrangement with Walton.
For six years the composition with the purveyor continued to be
renewed year by year, at about ;^200 per annum ; but on January
22nd, 1606-7, Christopher Walton wrote to Sir John Manners declining
to continue the service of the provision in Derbyshire any longer. A
week later Sir John forwarded this letter to the justices, adding that
Walton should be entreated to continue his services. On February
8th, the justices wrote to Walton begging him to continue the service
of the provision for their shire, and promising to see henceforth that
the money was duly collected.
In 1611, the county again defaulted over this vexatious charge.
Sir John Harpur and Sir John Bentley were deputed by the other
justices to go up- to London to try and arrange matters with the
officers of the Green Cloth and with the Lord-Lieutenant. How
ever, they reported that the Green Cloth would not be satisfied with
any money, but would have forty lean oxen and ten score good
wethers. This odious system of purveyance and pre-emption, as a part of the
royal prerogative, was formally extinguished by statute at the time of
the Restoration.

I02 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

, Benevolences anb Xoans.
Royal exactions by way of benevolence were irregular means
resorted to for securing additional revenue chiefly from the rich
bourgeoisie. These benevolences were sometimes obtained by flattery
and royal letters when a king was popular, but subsequently at times
took the more peremptory form of being demanded at the hands of
commissioners. Notwithstanding the express condemnation of
benevolences by statute, that kind of levy was resorted to by Henry
VII., in 1491, when he took a benevolence from the abler sort for
the popular expedition to France.* The next benevolence was the
"amiable graunte" demanded by Henry VIII. in 1528; the same
sovereign levied another in 1545, after the costly expedition to
Boulogne. Queen Elizabeth received throughout her reign a very considerable
sum in " gifts " from her subjects both in town and country, often
under much pressure, but no formal benevolence, under that title, was
generally exacted. However, the cognate form of exaction, under
the name of " loan," was freely resorted to during Elizabeth's reign ;
" loans" to the crown were usually found to be a very precarious
security, and at last came to be looked upon as simple exactions
without any prospect of recovery.
An interesting letter from the Earl of Shrewsbury to his brother-
in-law John Manners, who was then Sheriff of Derbyshire, as well as
deputy-lieutenant, dated January nth, 1588-9, begs him to call
together Godfrey Foljambe, Thomas Gresley, John Harpur, and
Thomas Kniveton, in whom he felt special trust, to make them
acquainted with a communication just received from the Council.
The Council demanded a " loan " from Derbyshire of ;£^2,ooo at the
least, to be lent by men of lands and means for the general defence
of the realm. John Manners was required, as soon as he had con
sidered from what persons the money may be had, to send their
names and residences, together with the amount which each was
able to provide. On the back of this letter is a rough draft of
the names and amounts. Francis Leeke, Godfrey Foljambe, Thomas
Gresley, John Manners, John Harpur, Sir Thomas Cokayne,
William Bassett, Mrs. Frechville, and Henry Sacheverell are each
* Ab opulentioribus tantum. Bacon's Works, Vol. vi., p. 121.

BENEVOLENCES AND LOANS. I03
put down for ;^ioo ; fourteen names are entered for ^^50 each ;
and forty-nine for ;£'25.* On March 12th, Thomas Kniveton,
writing from Mercaston to excuse himself waiting personally on
John Manners, owing to a cold and fever, strongly objects to the
loan ; and the deputy-lieutenant himself writes to the Earl saying
that, notwithstanding the fervour against the Spaniards, nothing is
worse liked than the payment of this loan money which he is
charged to demand. Nevertheless, as in duty bound, John Man
ners persisted in the work assigned to him, and on March 27th,
1589, wrote to Anthony Latham, high constable of Scarsdale, to warn
the following gentlemen to bring their money to Derby, on April 5th,
according to the privy seals they had received : — James Linacre of
Linacre, John Gill of Morton, — Spenser of Glapwell, Richard
Kirkland of Nortnanton, Christopher Sclater of Barlbro', Francis
Leeke of Sutton, John Parker of Lees, John Rodes of ' Staley,
Godfrey Foljambe of Walton, George Revell of Normanton, and
John Longe of Clowne. The " privy-seal " was the official document
demanding the particular share of the " loan " assigned to a special
person, sealed with the royal privy seal and sent down into the
provinces by the Council. A letter is extant from one of the
Scarsdale gentlemen mentioned above to John Manners, namely
Robert Spencer of Glapwell, in which he acknowledges the receipt
of the Queen's privy-seal demanding £2$, but declines to pay as it is
insuflBcient in that it wants his name ; he promises to pay the money
when it has been made perfect. Henry Sacheverell, of Hopwell,
writes about the same time concerning the ;^iOO demanded of him,
and hoping to be discharged, as the Earl of Shrewsbury was
mistaken in his estate, thinking that his father was dead.
On May 7th, 1589, the Earl writes to his- brother-in-law, from
Sheffield, saying that it troubles him to hear of the slackness of those
gentlemen who ought to be the most forward to do the Queen's
pleasure, but that he (John Manners) cannot be discharged nor
receive allowance till the rest of the money be paid. He recommends
that new privy-seals be delivered to those in arrear warning of pay
ment by an early day, and if they fail he will ask the Council to
grant his deputy-lieutenant's discharge and to summon those who
refuse before their lordships for contempt.
In September, 1589, John Manners drew up a list of those who had
paid their contributions to this enforced loan, according to their
* Belvoir MSS., Vol. xi.

104 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
hundreds ; after enumerating all those who had discharged their
obligations, the list thus concludes — " John Zouche of Codnor remains
in London and has not paid, also Lady Bradburne, who refuses on
the score that she has conveyed her land to her sons-in-law, Mr.
Ferrers and Mr. Cotton. Also Mr. William Cavendish of Hardwick'
Henry Sacheverell of Morley, Francis Leeke of Sutton, Robert-
Spencer of Glapwell, and another have not paid.
To this communication. Sir Francis Walsyngham replied on October
3rd, on behalf of the Council, to the effect that the four gentlemen
last-named on his schedule of defaulters might be spared ; but that
the money must be got from Lady Bradburne, Mr. Zouche, and Mr.
William Cavendish, save that if the last of these cannot or will not
be found, a privy-seal must be directed to some other fit person.
Another loan was exacted from the County of Derby in the next
year, John Manners, to his sorrow, being again appointed collector.
This renewed exaction brought about organised resistance from many
of the gentlemen of the county, who strongly objected to the
capricious and uncertain nature of such an impost. Humphrey
Dethick, of Newhall, the sheriff for that year, called together the
chief of those to whom privy-seals had been addressed in the south
of the county, with the result that the following memorial was drawn
up and forwarded " to the Right honorable and our Verie good Lord
the Earle of Shrewsburie " : —
Right Honorable with humble remembrance of our duties — Havinge receaved this daye of
Mr. Manners her maties Collector appointed for the loan of money within this countie,
divers privie scales for severall sumes. Wee finding ourselves to be more charged thereby
than our present abilities are able to supplie, and the greatest number of us havinge lent her
matie money at her last time and a number of poore men beinge also now charged who are
most unable to perform this Loane, do humblie besech yr good L. to be a meadiator for us
to the body of the Councell that we may not be charged with theis payment now, but that
the Countrey may be safelie rated respectinge their contynuall charge and payments and that
for such Somes as their Honors shall sett downe your good L. may have blancke retomed to
ym whereby such as were able and not charged the last time may paie and the residew of the
Some wch they shall not supplie may be made upp upon such persons as yr honore shall upon
examination of the state of the Countrey find most able to performe this service. And so
humblie take our leaves at Derby this xxth of March, 1590.
yr Lo. humblie to commande,
Humphrey Dethick, vie.
Tho Gresley
John Curzon
Patricke lowe John Ffrancis.
Henry Kendall Ralph Sacheverall
William Blackwall ,, Mundy
Richarde Harpur.*
* Shrewsbury Papers — Lambeth, Vol. vii., f. 35.

BENEVOLENCES AND LOANS. 105
On June 30th, 1592, the Lords of the Council wrote to John
Manners, as Collector for the Queen for the loan in Derbyshire, under
standing that he had paid ;^930 to the Queen, but that there were
divers persons who had not paid and had not been excused ; he was
therefore required to fix a certain day for all those who had received
a privy-seal and had defaulted to make their payment ; and in case
any still refused, to take bond for their personal appearance before
the Council.
In 1597 another loan was claimed from Derbyshire, and John
Manners was beset with requests for exemption from many of those
to whom privy-seals had been addressed namely : — William Rivett,
of Melbourne, because of loss among his sheep ; John Claye, of
Wakebridge ; William Blackwall, of Blackwall ; John Longe, of
Holmehall ; Francis Gilbert, of Youlgreave (to whom John Manners
kindly lent the ;^20 rather than the privy-seal should be disobeyed);
Patrick Lowe, of Denby, who said he was in debt .^1,500 ; Henry
Howden ; William Barwell ; Richard Sale ; Walter Powtrell ; William
CoUidge ; Robert Larke ; Nicholas Longford ; and Robert Collier.
. . On September ist, 1597, John Manners sends to the Council .^815, by
his servant James Sleigh, which was the total the loan of that summer
had produced, and stated that he had allowed some to defer payment
till October. Lord Burghley personally replied to this letter from
Theobalds, on September 9th, acknowledging the money and list of
names who had paid, and asked to be informed as to those who sought
to be excused on the ground of disability and of the truth of their plea.
On June 25th, 1598, the council sent another of their loan missives
to John Manners requiring him to fix a day for payment by the
defaulters, and afterwards to bind over any continued defaulters to a
personal appearance before the council. .At the same time a letter
was received from the Queen apologising for not having repaid
previous loans. The number of those who declined to pay this year
materially increased ; in fact, the list sent to the council at the end of
July of those who had received privy-seals but had refused to lend
was far in excess of those few who complied. The defaulters num
bered fifty-three, and included such names as Eyre, Bagshaw, Gresley,
Mundy, Stanhope, Agard, Bassett, and Harpur.
On September 2nd, 1598, John Watkinson of Brampton, and
William Buckley of Bonsall, were bound over, each in a sum of ;^40,
to appear before the council on October l6th, to answer why they
had not lent ;^20 each on their privy-seals.

I06 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
When the disputes between James I. and his Parliament began in
1614, on the refusal of the Commons to go into the question of
supply until their grievances were, redressed, the House, was dis
solved without passing any Act of subsidy. The King, warned of
the very general and to a great extent successful resistance to
his predecessor's last effort for a " loan," determined cannily on
a "benevolence" of a novel character, that doubtless appealed suc
cessfully to the hearts or interests of not a few of his subjects.
On July 4th, 1614, the Council sent a circular letter to the Sheriff
and justices of Derbyshire asking them to call upon the gentle
men of the shire, " of their own free motion," and " out of their
dutiful love and great affection to his Majesty, in contemplation
of the many blessings of his most gracious government," to give
unto the King plate or money, or both. The gifts were to be
sent to his Majesty's Jewel House in Whitehall, with a register in
writing of the value of every particular gift, and the names of the
several givers, " that they being presented to his Majesty's view,
he may be pleased to take notice of their good affections, which he
will ever retain in his grateful remembrance."
The next instance of a " benevolence " is one of peculiar interest,
as it shows the stern spirit that was gradually rising against these
capricious exactions. When Charles I., early in his reign, namely
in 1626, was so badly advised as to press for a benevolence, or
" free gift," as it was on that occasion absurdly called, Derby
shire was practically unanimous in refusing it. Four of the hun
dreds declined to subscribe a farthing " otherwise than by way of
Parliament," and in the whole county the people only contributed
.£^20 4s. od. This was a grave foreshadowing of the troubles that
culminated in the Great Rebellion. The following is the highly
interesting and full reply sent to the Council by the Derbyshire
justices : —
Maye it please yor Lopps
Accordinge to a letter wth instructions from his most excellent Matie dated the 7th day
of July last and accordinge to other Letters of yor Lopps of ye 26 of the same concerninge
the raysinge of monies as of free guift to his Matie from the people of this County of
Derby, Wee whose names are underwritten and other his Maties justices of ye Peace for
ye same County, have wth our utmost industry and judgment endeavoured so to pforme
that his Maties service as that the effect thereof might have rendred our endeavor
acceptable. But so it is that the successe therof hath bene so meane as were not to be
related but that wee are in duty to give account unto yor Lopps of our owne pro-
ceedinges ; humbly prayinge that his rnost excellent Majesty may be satisfyed concerninge
our diligence in the service. On Tuesday the l8th day of July beinge the daye of our

BENEVOLENCES AND LOANS. I07
Quarter Sessions at Derby it was agreed on by opinion of ye most, as ye best way to
bring his Maties desier to effect and most conformable to the instructions to addresse
ourselves to ye country, not all at one place and time but on diverse dayes in ye six
severall Hundreds of this County. The prosequution and effect whereof appeareth in
a Schedule hereunto annexed.
Now for as much as the sommes of mony in the same expressed to have bene ofifred by
the people of the County amount but to 20//. and 4s. and the sommes of mony wch wee
his Maties Justices of the Peace whose names are subscribed amount only to 91//. or
thereabout wch in ye totall is but III//. 4.?. a somme nothinge answerable eyther to our
desires or his Maties occasions, wee have soworne to appoint Collectors for ye same till yor
Lopps pleasure be therein further knowne.
So we humbly take our leave resting
At yor Lopps commandement
W. Devonshyre Era. Coke
He. Wilughby Jo. BuUok
Petr. Frechevile Chr. FuUwood
Roger Manners N. Browne
Henr. Agarde Richrd Caryer
Fro Chesterfield this 17th of August 1626. / Sr Henry Willughby
The Hundred of Morleston } Sr Henry Lea and
assembled Aug. 4 before us (^ Sr Richard Harpur
Desired a weeke tyme to consider, wch in regard of their importunity & their present
inclinacon not to give, was granted them. Neverthelesse at their meeting agayne they all
denyed to give otherwise then by way of Parliament.
The Hundred of Repington f Sr George Greaseley and
assembled Aug. 7 before I Sr Thomas Burdet
Desired time to consider, wch graunted, they conferred awhile together & then wth one
voice denyed to give, otherwise then by way of Parliament.
The Hundred of Appletree f Sr Henry Agard and
was assembled Aug. 8 before us I Sr Francis Coke
And upon the 14th rtf the same wch day was given them they promissed to give as
followeth :— //. SS. d.
/Willm. Millwarde of Eaton Esqre  200
Mrs. Margaret Longford  o 10 8
Thos. Heacocke  040
Willm. Jackeson  o94
John Whithall  o 10 8
( Thomas Pegge  080
ColUngwood Sandes  0160
Nicholas Oldham  080
Geo. Harrison  P I3 4
Clement Rossington  080
VHen. HiU  ° 5 4
6 13 4
All the rest denyed to give unlesse by way of Parliamt.

The Names & somes of
such as have given in
this Hundred.

io8

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

The Hundred of Wirkesworth f Christofer Fulwood
assembled Aug. 8 before us \ Richard Carryer
And upon the 14th of the same, wch day was given them they promised to give as
followeth : —

//. SS. d.

The names & somes of
such as have given in '
this Hundred.

/^John Feme of Hopton . .
Robt. Greatrax
Tho. Stone
Willm. Booth
Tho. Feme
Eliz. Goodwyn
John Wolley
John Feme of Hartington
Humf. Alsop
Martha Bradley . .
Wm. Buckley
Raph. GeU 
Wm. Alsop 

0

10

0

0

10

0

0

10

0

0

10

0

0

10

0

0

10

0

0

6

0

0

8

0

0

8

0

0

6

8

0

8

0

0

5

0

0

8

0

s

9

8

The rest denyed all to give anything but by way of Pliamt.
[

Wm. Earle of Devonshire
Sr Peter Fretchvile
Sr Fra. Coke
Christofer Fulwood &
Nicholas Browne
Denyed all to give anything but by way of Parliamt.

The Hundred of High Peake
assembled Aug. 9 before us

The Hundred of Scarsedale
assembled Aug. 12 before us

Wm. Earle of Devonshire
Sr Peter Frechvile
Sr Roger Manners
Sr Francis Coke
John Bullock &
Christofer Fulwood

Denyed all in like manner excepting onely Sr John Rhodes who is willing to give viijli.
The inhabitants of the towne of Derby assembled before the Bayliffes deny all to
give in like manner.
The Justice of the Peace for this County having all appointed this present day for their
meeting at Chesterfeild to make this their relacon to yor Lopps. We whose names are
underwritten being assembled accordingly & conceiving his Matie desire to be no lesse
directed unto ourselves then to those wth whome we have dealt doe humbly make our
severall answeres as followeth ; —
I Henry Willughby having at Christmas last lent unto his Matie the some of 30/2. doe
humbly pray in this present occasion to be excused.
I Peter Frechevile am willing to give unto his Matie 30//.
I Roger Manners am willing to give his Matie 9//.
I Henry Agard having lent unto his Maty 10//. at Christmas last humbly pray for this
present to be excused.
I Francis Coke am willing to. give his Matie 8li.
Mr. John Manners being not in the contrey sent his man excusing him & in his name
promising to give his Maty twenty pounds — 20//.

SHIP MONEY. 109
I John Bullocke am willing to give his Matie after the rate of foure intire subsedyes as
I stand assessed.
I Christofer Fulwood am willing to give to his Matie after the rate of foure intire subse-
dies as I stand assessed.
I Nicholas Browne am willing to give to his Maty after the rate of foure intire subsedyes
as I stand assessed.
I Richard Carryer being a clergyman & standing charged wth paymt of subsedyes for
theis foure yeares yet to come & conceiving that theis letters are not at all addressed to the
clergy do humbly submit myselfe freely to give when such direceon shall come unto the
clergy whatsoever I shall be required unto.
The rest of the Justices of the Peace usuaUy residing in this County namely Sr George
Greasely, Sr Tho. Burdet, Sr John Ferrers, Sr Henry Lea & Sr Richard Harpur expected
here to joyne wth us in this our certifficate as having had notice of the tyme & place, not
coming accordingly we cannot certefy yor Lopps what they are willing to contribute or what
answere they will make : — ¦ W. Devonshire Fra. Coke
He. Wilughby Jo. BuUok
Petr. Frechevile Chr. Fulwood
Roger Manners N. Browne
Henr. Agarde Richrd Caryer
[Endorsed] From the Justices of Derby about the contributions — the 17 of Aug.
The sume given by the people but 20//. 4s. od. By the Justices 91//. The Justices rated
themselves not before but after the assemblie.
Few Justices present.*
As we read between the lines of this memorable communication
from the Derbyshire justices, it is obvious that they themselves had
very considerable sympathy with this resistance to arbitrary taxation-
For a time Charles and his advisers were overcome by the wide
spread character of the opposition, and the king, in March, 1628, gave
his consent to the Petition of Rights, which put an end to benevo
lences and forced loans by the clause that enacted — " That no man
hereafter be compelled to make or yield any gift, loan, benevolence,
tax, or such like charge, without common consent by Act of Par
liament, and that none be called to make answer, or take such oath,
or give attendance, or be confined or otherwise molested or disquieted
concerning the same, or for refusal thereof"

Ship (TDonei?.
Blind to repeated warnings, and forgetful of the most solemn
pledges, the advisers of Charles I. in their next difficulty again
attempted an extra-parliamentary method of taxing the nation. The
* State Papers, Domestic, Charles I., Vol. xxxiii., No. 131.

no THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
king continuing to attempt to rule without a Parliament, and having
failed to exact a sufficiency by straining to the utmost the feudal
revenue from wardship, the fines for knighthood, and the patents for
monopolies, decided, in 1634, to raise money by ship writs. This
was no new expedient, for in earlier days they formed a well-known
expedient for getting together a navy in war times. In the days of
the Plantagenets, before the use of cannon made such a difference
between ships of war and ships of trade, and before the time when
the country possessed any regular navy, writs were issued by the
sovereign, when occasion needed, to the seaport towns calling upon
them to furnish ships and men for the defence of the kingdom.
Although Elizabeth had inherited a small navy from Henry VIII.,
and had materially increased it, still two-thirds of the ships that
fought against the Armada were derived from the merchant navy and
were the result of ship writs. Ship writs, too, had brought together
the greater part of the English fleet that engaged in the only warlike
enterprise by sea of the of reign James I., namely, the attack on Algiers
in 1618. Even as late as 1626, when at war with Spain, the seaports
had been required on the royal warrant to provide a fleet and to main
tain it for three months. But then these were all war precedents, and
applied only to the seaport towns. The ship writs, however, issued
on October 20th, 1634, were made at a time when there was no
immediate war. England, taken by surprise, for the most part
quietly submitted, and a sum was raised of ;£'i04,252. The Court,
growing bolder, on August l8th, 1635, ordered a second issue of
ship writs to extend to inland as well as to maritime counties and
towns. Sir John Gell, of Hopton, afterwards the local leader of the Parlia
mentary forces, was then Sheriff of Derbyshire, and on September
nth he wrote to Secretary Coke with regard to the writ to the two
boroughs in the county that the inhabitants of Chesterfield were
very conformable, but that at Derby they rejected it altogether,
apparently on a question of jurisdiction, and would not suffer him to
be present at their assessment. He recommended that the share of
Derby should be raised from ;^I20 to ^£'250 or ;^300, as there were
many residents very rich, and that they usually bore a twentieth part
of payments in the county, as Sir Francis Coke and other deputy-
lieutenants had informed him.* The total demand from the shire
* Domestic State Papers, Charles I., Vol. ccxcvii.. No. 34.

SHIP MONEY. Ill
under this writ was ;^3,500, of which ;^90 was to come from the
clergy. The opposirion shown in the town of Derby to the ship money
demand was shared by many other boroughs and counties. Special
resentment seems to have been felt at the sheriff issuing orders to the
constables to assess, which naturally roused the jealousy of the
justices. In one of the. Oxfordshire hundreds, the constables
unanimously refused to proceed to the assessment, and troubles of a
like kind arose in Devonshire, Lancashire, and Staffordshire. One of
the Derbyshire jusrices, a man of high-standing and family. Sir John
Stanhope, of Elvaston, absolutely refused to recognise the writ in any
way. He had himself been sheriff in 1629. The Council felt bound,
if they were to retain authority, to make an example in such a case
as this, and on December 13th, 1635, issued the following warrant for
Sir John's arrest : —
A warrant directed to Mathew Francis Esqre one of his Mats Sergents at Armes to fetch
before the Lis the person of Sr John Stanhop of Elvaston in the County of Derby Kt for
refusinge to paye the moneys assessed upon him towards the shipping, and reseving of the
distresse taken by warrant from the Sheriff for the same. Dated the 13th of Dr 1635.
Signed Lo. A. Bp. of Cant. Ea. Morton
Lo. Keeper Ea. of Kellie
Lo. Privie Scale Lo. Cottington
Ea. Marshall Mr. Compr,
Lo. Chambr. Mr. Sec. Coke
Mr. Sec. Windebank.'
In addirion to thus sending for Sir John Stanhope, the lords
of the council ordered the sheriff to at once make full distraint
upon the goods of Sir John and also on those of Sir Pope
Blount for their respective amounts of the ship money. He was
ordered to distrain not on horses but on goods suitable for vic-
tuaUing, such as wheat, pease, beeves, muttons, or hogs, and to
take suflScient to bear the charge of conveying them from Elvaston
to London.
Resistance was so wide-spread that in February, 1636, Charles sub
mitted a case to the judges as to the legality of the levy. Their
judgment was that such writs for ships, men, and victuals were legal
" when the good and safety of the kingdom in general is concerned —
and the whole kingdom is in danger" adding that the king was the
* Domestic State Papers, Charles I., Vol. ccciii.. No. 135.

112 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
sole judge both of the danger and how it was to be prevented.
Although, therefore, it was obvious to any intelligent person that
the kingdom was not in danger, if the king chose to say it was
then the writs were legal, and so the court for a time triumphed,
but only to its own destruction. Fortified by this judgment,
Charles issued a third set of ship writs in August, 1636. In the
autumn the sheriff of Derbyshire, John Milward, forwarded his
certificate to the Council, showing that he had only succeeded in
levying ;^700 out of the ;^i,300 demanded. He also reported that
the town of Derby had paid no part of the ;^63 at which it was
assessed, and that several gentlemen (justices) of the county, namely,
Mr. Gresley and others, refused to pay and that he had threatened
them with distraint.
In October of the same year a fourth ship-writ reached the county,
this time for the full sum of ;£'3,500. Sir John Harpur, the new Sheriff
that Michaelmas, had the duty of collecting it. On February 27th,
1636-7, he forwarded the following letter and plan of assessment to
the lords of the Council : —
Right honoble, In obedience to his Matyes writ and directions from yor Lopps for prperation
of a shipp in the Countie of Derbie for his Matyes service I have caused to be assessed and
taxed the sume of 3,500li. in the rateing whereof upon the severall towneships I have governed
myself (as much as might be) by such publique payments as have bine usuall in the said
County. The perticular sume of everie Constablerie is mentioned in the schedule here inclosed wth
distinction of the charge of the Clergie according to yor Lops appointment And some
addition is therein proposed to be raised out of prtended exempt places from their towneships
for supplie of others unable to pay. And although some part of the money in the said
schedule in reguard of the povertie of the parties cannot wthout great pressure be prsently
leavyed nor the rates of some impropriate tythes and some other thinges for the prsent be
distrayned for, because the owners thereof reside not in the County whereby one hundred
pounds and upwards is not yet come to my hands. Yet in my desire of expediteing the
service I have brought up the whole sume of 3,500li. humbly desireing that if I finde any
absolute refusall to pay the said sume of lOoli. and upward to me I may have the honorable
assistance of this Board to heipe myselfe. And soe I shall remaine to be commanded by
your Lopps. In all humblenes, John Harpur. 27 Feb. 1636.
Com Derbie.
Hundreds. Constableries. Asessmts. Clergie asessed for their Spiritualities. Temporalities.
;£ s. d. ;£ s. d. £ s. d.
Highpeake Ashford . . 052 16 00
Chelmarton and | jy^_ Holland Rector 001 00 00 000 10 00
Buxton . . 044 00 00 j^^_ E^^„, j^^^j^^ ^^, ^^ ^^
Darley . . . . 044 00 00 ;

SHIP MONEY. 113
[Abstract]. £ s. d.
Sum total for the Hundred of Highpeak  704 o o
Do. do. Scarsdale  789 4 o
Do. do. Reppingdon  378 8 o
Do. do. Wirksworth  440 o o
Do. do. Morleston & Litchurch  440 o o
Do. do. Appletree  589 12 o
[The following appears after Appletree Hundred]. £ s. d.
•Derbie Towne  175 00 00
Increased in Dovebridge supra  003 12 00
In Duffeild .  008 16 00
Codnor Castle, &c  005 00 00
Dale Abbey and WiUestrop  005 00 00
Hopwell  003 00 00
Sm. total 200 08 CO
Sm. tot jf3,S4i 12 00*
With regard to this assessment for the ship-money. Sir John
Manners' papers give particulars of some of the High Peak townships.
1636, Dec, 2nd. The cessment of Over Haddon, Great Rowsley,
Little Rowsley, and Darley for ship-money, made by George
Columbell senior, George Columbell junior, John Taylor, Henry
Bradley, John Stevenson, Hugh Newton, George Brodhurst, William
Goodwin, and George Hatfield, the total amount being £44.
1636, Dec. 4th. The cessment of Eaton and Alsop for levying
;^8 1 6s. imposed on that constablewick for providing a ship of 350
tons,t made by Thomas Alsop, Thomas Milward, and John Mellon-
1636, Dec. loth. The cessment in the constablery of Middleton
for providing a ship for the King made by Richard Rowland, Robert
Bateman, Thomas Garret, Richard Slater, and Francis Ridyard, the
total amount being £?, i6s. X
The '• Long Parliament," which the King was compelled to summon
in 1640, speedily made short work of the ship writs by "An Act for
declaring illegal and void the late proceedings touching ship money
and for vacating all records and processes concerning the same." §
The two following undated petitions to the Derbyshire justices are
among the county papers, the one from the constable of Kniveton,
* Domestic Papers, Charles I., Vol. cccxlviii.. No. 51, etc.
t The cost of providing, manning, and victualling a ship was reckoned in these writs at
;^I0 per ton, therefore this writ for ;^3,500 on Derbyshire was supposed to supply a ship of
that burden ; but it was notorious that very little of the money thus levyed went towards a
navy. J Belvoir MSS., Vol. xvii. § 16 Charles I., c. 14.

114 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
and the other from the inhabitants of Mappleton, both make mention
of the ship money, and are evidently of this period : —
To the right Worll his Maties Justices of the peace and Quorum assembled at the quarter
sessions at Derby for the said County.
The humble petition of Thomas Wiberley Constable of Knyveton Ofcoate and Underwood
in the sd county
Sheweth unto yor good worps that yor petitioner beinge Constable of Knyveton cum
membris aforesaid, is to pay in moneys to Mr. Walker the high Constable, And divers of the
inhabitants doe refuse to pay their levies and taxes in regard that it is of late found out that
many of the lands within the lib'tie pay not any thinge but the Shipp Money, and divers
lands that are situate in the p'sh of Knyveton doe pay to Ofcoate and Underwood wch is in
Ashborne p'sh, and soe some of the said inhabitants doo answer yor petition that they will
pay for their land where it lyeth, and they will not pay except all other lands within the
lib'tie pay as well as the lands whereby yor petitioner is in danger to incurre the displeasure
of the Court.
In Consideration whereof yor petitioner humble suite is that yor good worpps wil be
pleased to sett down an order that yor petitioner may have his levies paid him, and that all
the lands within the lib'tie may pay their levies, and pay within the lib'tie where they are
scituate, and if any refuse to pay for their landes that they hould, that then they may be
ordered to appeare at the next monthly meetinge within the woopentage of Wirksworth
their to shew cause why they doe refuse, And yr petitioner as in duty bound shall ever
pray, etc.
To the Right Worll his Maties Justices of the peace and Quorum for the Countie of Derby.
The humble petition of the Inhabitants of Mapleton
Humbly sheweth unto yor good Worps That whereas yor poore petitioners haveinge formerly
beene at great Charges wth manie taxations laide upon them Concerninge the Towne of
Mappleton in the said Countie of Derby, being all or the most pte of the towne verie poore
men. And whereas divers s'vall p'sons have heretofore held, and still doe hold Certaine
groundes belonginge to the said towne of Mappleton wch have heretofore paid both towards
his Maties provision and the Shipp Money, And now deny to pay the taxation laid upon
them, Concerninge the trayninge and the Charge of settinge for the prest Soldyers, Prayinge
that in this case yor petitioners may be relieved as to youre good worps shall seem most fitt
and convenient And thtt those p'sons houldinge the groundes aforesaid may pay theire due
according to every one's rate, wch soe houldeth the groundes as aforesaid, towards the easinge
of us youre poore petitioners, we havinge had all the charge laid upon us hitherto And soe
are likely still to have unlesse youre good worps will be pleased to sett downe, and take some
order for our reliefife herein. And yor poore petitioners shall be ever bounden to pray, etc.

Commonwealtb assessments.
Under the Commonwealth the system of assessing the taxpayers
was very materially improved. The old capricious method, which
had made the very name of " subsidy man " a bye word redolent of
peculation, and an equivalent of the Scriptural "publican," was
.^wept away, and the taxpayers were rated by the local authorities on
a fair equitable basis, every endeavour being made to arrive at what

COMMONWEALTH ASSESSMENTS. II5
each was really worth. In order to obtain a more rapid and
continuous supply of funds for the parliamentary forces, a plan of
monthly assessments was adopted and this method of monthly pay
ment was maintained throughout the Commonwealth, after the
pressing necessity for it had passed away. Derbyshire was called
upon, by an ordinance of February 20th, 1644, to pay a monthly sum
of £2^$ I OS. 5 id. The committee, appointed to arrange the details
of the assessment and to collect the impost, consisted of Sir George
Gresley, Sir John Curzon, Sir John Gell, Sir Edward Coke, Sir
Edward Leech, Sir John Coke, Sir Samuel Sleigh, together with
Randall Ashenhurst, Henry Wigfall, John Wigley, Robert Eyre,
Ralph Clarke, Rowland Moorwood, John Mundy, Thomas Saunders,
George Poole, and Edward Charlton. For the town of Derby,
Thomas Gell, recorder, and Nathaniel Hallowes, Luke Whittington,
and Robert Mellor, aldermen, were appointed. On May 26th, 1645,
the same committee were authorised, by a special ordinance of
Parliament, to raise an additional monthly sum, not exceeding
£1,600, "in an 'equal indifferent' and proportionable way" to the
previous levies, owing to Derbyshire being the seat of so much of the
strife of the times. The preamble runs as follows : — " Whereas the
County of Derby is frequently infested by Incursions of the Enemy,
to the great prejudice of the Inhabitants of the said County, and
whereas the said County hath raised a considerable number of Horse,
Foot, and Dragoons for their necessary Defence and Service 0$- the
Publique, and must be at great charges in maintaining their Forces,
and providing other things requisite for the Defence and Safety of
the said County ; and without the raising of Moneys to defray the
charge the Inhabitants of the said County cannot be preserved in
such safety as is necessary : It is therefore ordained," etc. The force
supported by this special levy was not to be used outside the county,
except with the consent of the committee.
The system of the usual monthly assessment of the Common
wealth was as careful and fair in its plan and method as the old
subsidy had been careless and anfair. In Derbyshire the required
sum from each hundred was to be raised by a rate at so much in the
pound on each township or parish. The commissioners or committee,
all local men, divided themselves into sub-committees for the hundreds.
The sub-committee for the hundred appointed by warrant ".two at
the least of the honest and able inhabitants within each parish " to be
surveyors and assessors. These assessors ascertained the yearly

Il6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
value of both the real and personal estate of the inhabitants, and
returned their assessments in writing. These assessments or surveys
were next laid before the sub-commissioners, and then with the
assistance of the high constable and any other officials or persons
they liked to summon, the assessments for each township were signed
and sealed in duplicate. One copy was to be delivered to the
appointed sub-collector, and the other to the general receiver of the
county, by him to be transmitted to the lords of the treasury. The
salaries of the different receivers, the general receivers for the county,
the high collector for the hundred, and the sub-collector for the town
ship were all fixed by act of Parliament at id. in the pound on moneys
collected ; and all the receivers were to be men of the district
With regard to the ordinary monthly assessments of these times,
there are a few isolated papers among the county records. Colonel
Colvile mentions in a note a small bundle relative to the monthly
assessment of Pinxton and South Normanton for 1646-9, but these
we have not been able to find.
A slip of paper, only five inches by three, is the one Derbyshire
fragment that tells of a curious and almost forgotten tax of the
Puritan times. It runs as follows : — All ye ministers are to give
nottice of ye meale tax next Sabboth daye, Thomas Saunders." At
first sight this paper seems to have reference to some charge on corn
or flour, but it relates to an impost of much greater interest. A
weekly meal tax, or contribution from every person of the price of one
meal per week, which he was supposed to give up, was exacted by the
Parliament for six years, producing during the time it was collected
no less a sum than ^608,400. After abolishing all special seasons
of obligation according to the Church's calendar, as superstitious and
of man's invention, the Parliament most inconsistently ordered a
monthly fast ; and afterwards, by way of uncon.scious compen.sation
for the abrogation of Friday abstinence, they actually commanded
abstention from one meal a week !

^be jeycise.
To the Parliament belongs the credit or discredit, according to the
financial views adopted, of introducing into our fiscal system inland
duties imposed upon a great variety of articles. On the continent, taxes
of this description had long been known, but this new impost, or excise.

THE EXCISE. 117
was first introduced into England by ordinances of 1643, which were
strengthened and continued by others up to 1647. The system of
inland duties on articles of consumption was termed excise — a phrase
coined in Holland where the method was first adopted, from the
excision of a part of the article taxed. Originally intended to be
adopted only for a limited period during the stress of circumstances,
the excise or new tax was found to be, notwithstanding opposition,
so profitable, that it was soon continued as a permanent charge. The
schedule to the order of July 23rd, 1643, specifies ale, beer, cider, and
perry ; and of imported articles, wine, tobacco, grocery, wrought and
raw silk, furs, hats, lace, leather, linen, thread, and wire. Two months
later the list of imported articles that were henceforth to be excised
was considerably extended, and afterwards various other native or
inland goods. Under an ordinance of September 20, 1649, the com
missioners had power to let out to farm the excise upon all or any
commodities. Most of these excise duties became blended with and
formed part of the articles taxed, and -this imperceptible operation
soon removed friction ; but it was different with the excise on ale
and strong drinks.
When the revenue of the. Crown came to be settled immediately
after the Restoration, the excise duties on beer and ale and other in
toxicants were transferred to the crown, the duties being continued at
almost exactly the same rate as under the commonwealth. The duty
on beer and ale was paid by common-brewers weekly ; but innkeepers
and victuallers paid on the various excisable liquors they retailed
according to a monthly return. The Derbyshire documents of the
time of Charles II. show that excisemen were often accused, probably
with good cause, before the justices, of unfairness and roughness in
carrying out their duties. The longest of these documents shall
suffice as an example : —
Articles of Misdemenor preferred against William Page before his Maties. Justices of ye
peace in open Sessions holden at Chesterfield for the county of Derby upon I2th day of
January Anno Dom. 1674.
Impr. That William Page drew out James Wrights drinke, threw some away, gave some to
Henry Taylor of Paintridge and Robert Sandon and others, and being demanded why hee
did for, hee swore he would throw it on the ground and sett the house on fire when hee had
done, And discharged him from brewing any more, or sell what drinke hee had brewed.
Susanna Frost )
Robert HoUinworth I Witnesses.
2d. That WiUiam Page was told that James Wright had a License under two Justices of
the peace hands to brew Ale at that time, and he replyed that he neither cared for "a

Il8 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Lycense nor the Justices of the peace, and said that they might .... if they would ;
before the same witnesses.
3d. That William Page refused to leave a Rate in writing of what hee charged the
Brewers withall when hee came to gage their vessells, or tell them what the vessells would
hold. James Wright ")
Willm. Roobotham ? Witnesses
Sara Heaward -'
4thly. That James Wright upon ye rSth day of December being required to come before
the Commissioners of Excise to pay his duty of Excise at Alfreeton ye sd i8th day of
December being no market day, William Page charged James Wright that he had to pay one,
pound five shillings and sixpence And his due to pay was .but twelve shillings and sixpence
And that James Wright tendered his money. Robert HoUinworth 1
Susanna Frost ("Witnesses
Sara Heaward •'
5thly. That William Page had given false Entries to the Commissioners of Excise, and
particularly upon the i8th of December at Alfreeton not being the market day by charging
Twelve Shillings and sixpence upon William Roubotham And the duty was but nine shillings
one penny half penny, And further he demanded of him Twentie Shillings for a Contempt
when there wa; none, And further hee and one Timothy Ratclif would have money privately
before the Excise should be payed, but hee would not give them any.
Susan Johnson ¦»
WiUiam Roubotham jWitnesses
6thly. That William Roubottom tendered his money in due time. And it was throwne
away upon the floor by the Excisemen ; The said tender being in the office of Excise and
¦ hee never had it againe. William Gretrox Xwitnesses
William Rubotham /
7thly. That William Page went into William Roubotham's Seller and drew drinke out of
severall vessells and threw it upon the ground. William Roobotham, Witness.
8thly. That WiUiam Roobotham's wife agreed with WiUiam Page to the filling of one
vessell Two shillings and foure pence, And next time hee came to view the Seller he swhore
it was a Contempt, And hee would double the duty for it although hee found it standing in
ye Seller The very first Vessell ; And bad William Roobotham bring with him Ten shillings
when he came to pay the Excise for that vessell, besides doubling the duty for the vesseU,
And when he came to pay the Excise They demanded twentie shillings for a Contempt.
Susan Johnson, Witness.
gthly. That William Page frequently calls the Alewives jades . . and . . , and sweares at
them  and such like Execrations, And that he refuseth to gage. And said he
would have a grant a vessell. Willm. Roobotham
James Wright
Susanna Frost
.Susanna Johnson
lothly. That Willm. Page said that he would give Elizabeth Sydebotham that which
should hinder her for appearing at the Bench, being a good Evidence in ye Cause.
Richard Cotes, Witness.
Occasionally, however, we find proof that the justices had to
interfere on behalf of the unpopular collectors of revenue, as the

Witnesses.

THE EXCISE. Iig
following order made at the Trans. Sessions, 1683, tesrifies :—
William Roberts, licensed victualler, of Sutton, was bound over in
.^100 to appear at the next Assizes at Derby, and " in the meane
time to bee of the good behaviour, for saying that the Excisemen
were knaves and theire actions were worse than the Plotters, the
wordes being spoake imediately after the King's proclamation."
With the advent of William of Orange to the throne, certain
alterations were made in the excise, whereby considerable ad
ditions were made to the tax on brewing for sale, and the spirit
produced by the first distillation at the distillery was taxed, in lieu of
an excise on the spirits themselves. The result of this was to bring
about further conflicts between the local excisemen and the brewers
and distillers. In the spring of 1694 several complaints, supported
by influentially signed petitions, re.ached the justices, as to unfair
exactions on the part of some of the officers. It was probably as
the result of this that the following letter was sent to the Derbyshire
justices by the chief officers of excise in London, and entered upon
the Orders of Mich. Sessions, 1694: —
" A letter from their Maty's Comrs of their Revenue of Excise
To the Justices of the peace in this County.
Gentn. Wee their Matys Comrs of Excise haveinge thought it our duty
to p'mitt noe p'son to bee Imployed in Collectinge or Manageinge the
Excise whoe is unfaithfuU to the trust reposed in him oppressive to the
Subject or otherwise disafected to their Matys service, and not
beinge able to receive soe true an Information concerninge those Im
ployed in yor County as from you (to whose care the Examination
of all Misdemeanors within yor County is cofnitted by their Matys
Comission) and the judgment betwixt the Payer and the Levyer of
Excise is entrusted by the Statute doe make it our earnest request to
you and every one of you that you will for their Matys Service and
the Publicke Good give yor Selves the trouble to examine wheather
any of the Excise Officers of what Quallity Soever in yor County
have been guilty of any Unfaithfullnesse in their Office or have in any
Sort oppressed the people or have discovered themselves any wayes
disafected to the Governmt either in words or actions or in any
manner or kind whatsoever And in Case you shall find any such that
you will not only Punish them by one Course of Law but transmitt
the Informations to us that they may bee dismissed from the Service

120 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In the p'formance whereof you will doe an acceptable Service to
their Matys and very much oblige Gentn,
Yor most Humble Servants,
Fra. Parry. Sam. Datewood.
Tho. Hall. Step. Evemee {sic).
Edw. Clarke. Jno. Foche.
Fra. Onslowe. J. Danvers.
Excise Office,
Lond., 27 Sept., 1694."
In 1697, the excise officers had a new duty imposed on them by
the imposition of A TAX ON LEATHER, which was to remain in force
for three years. No sooner was the Act in operation than several
legal conflicts arose between Derbyshire tanners and the officers.
The most serious of these cases came before the Epiph. Sessions,
1697-8, by way of appeal, with the following result as entered in the
orders : —
"Upon an Appeal brought by one Robert Lomas pursuant to an
Act of Parliamt Intituled an Act for layinge a Duty upon Leather
for the Tearme of three years. The matter of fact being That Mr.
Joseph Harvey one of his Maties Officers of Excize had Seized two
and twenty Calves skinns of the said Robert Lomas pretending hee
had not made an entry wth the proper officer of the same thereby
intendinge to defraude his said Matie of the Duty arrising by virtue
of the said Act. And Upon hearing Councell and Witnesses
Examined upon oath on both parties It appearing to this Court that
the Seizure of the said two & twenty Calves Skinns was wrongfull
and injurious to the said Robert Lomas, And it further alsoe
appearinge that there was a Judgmt given against such Seizure upon
the said matter of fact By Sr Henry Every and Gilbert Thacker Esq
two of his Maties Justices of the Peace of this County wch the said
Mr. Harvey has refused to observe in Contempt of the said Justices,
This Court doth therefore order and It is ordered by this Court that
the Judgmt of the said two Justices bee and is Confirmed and that
the said Mr. Harvey doe forthwith deliver bail unto the said Robert
Lomas the said two and twenty Calves skinns soe by him Seized
and taken as aforesaid And that the said Mr. Joseph Harvey doe
enter into Recognizance sittinge the Court."
In 1 7 10, some further addition was required for the purposes of the

THE EXCISE. 121
war of the Spanish succession, with the result that the tax on leather
was re-imposed, and in the following year was raised from id. the lb. to
ijd.* No sooner was this excise re-imposed than renewed disputes
appear among the Derbyshire records. At the Trans. Sessions in
17 1 2, this order was entered : —
" Upon an appeal brought this Sessions by Joseph Moore of
Caldwell in the parish of Dronfield, Tanner, to be relieved from a
Fine of twelve pounds & ten shillings set upon him by a Warrt &
Order for levying the same under the hands & Seals of the Lord
James Cavendish & Michael Burton Esqr for using false weights in
weighing his leather thereby defrauding her Matie of the duty taxed
upon Leather by virtue of a late act of Parliamt & for other
irregulariries & abuses committed agt the said Act It is therefore
upon hearing the sd Matter & Witnesses examined upon oath in open
Court ordered by this Court that the sd order & Judgmt of the said
Justices be confirmed & that the same money be levyed as the Act
directs." A further order of the court, made at Mich. Sessions, 1713, deals
with a technical dispute that rose between the tanners and the
excisemen as to the manner of cutting the hides : —
" Queen's Officers of the duty on Lether & Tanners of the County.
The case in difference betwixt the sd Officers and Tanners & in
which they appeal to this Court for their direction & order is what &
how much leather shall be accounted & adjudged pates of hides
dressed & whether such pates & tayls shall pay ad valorem by tale or
by weight within the laws for laying certain dutys upon hides etc.
And ye Court being willing to know & be informed of what extent
& largenes & in what manner pates were heretofore usually nitt in
this County examined sev'all antient Witnesses upon Oath who
thereupon informed this Court that the antient & usuall way & method
of nitting pates of the same length & extent behind the homes of
every hide as they respectively were before the homes. Therefore
the Court takeing the mre into consideration & takeing itt to be even
a prejudice to the Tanners to nitt more into the pates than the sd
usuall method do direct & order that the rule & method of nitting
pates of hides by the Tanners of this County be by nitting the same,
of the same length & extent behind the homes as shall be before the
* 9 Anne, c. 11 ; 10 Anne, c. 26. The tax was made perpetual by 3 George I., c. 7.

122 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
homes And do order that the Tanners do for the future pay for such
pates & also tayls ad valorem & not by tale or weight And also do
further order that the Tanners shall ascertain the value of such pates
and tayles with ye proper officer in their respective divisions
pursuant to the laws for laying such dutys on leather if such Officer
& officers are willing to enter & take the same but if they or any of
them refuse so to do Then the Tanners concerned therein shall as
certain the value thereof with the next Justice of the peace of this
County or place where such pates & tayles shall be so nitt & tanned
And afterwards render the Duty according to such valuation to the
Collector of such dutys for the time being and if such Collector refuse
to accept the same yett nevertheless such Tanner shall be at liberty
to remove sell and dispose thereof."
In 1718, the excise officers seized certain leather said to be un
taxed, and the charge was sustained before two justices who fined the
delinquent ;^I2 los. ; but on an appeal to Quarter Sessions, the
decision was reversed, the officers had to refund the fine and deliver
up the leather. Several like cases of conviction were reversed on
appeal at subsequent sessions.
The tax on leather was doubled in Vansittart's budget ot 18 13, but
was reduced to the old level in 1822, and finally abolished in 1830.

Ibeartb ni>one^.
In order to make up the required amount of revenue " to support fshe
king's crown and dignity," Parliament granted to Charles II. , in 1662,
the first English tax in respect of houses which was charged at 2s. for
every fire hearth and stove. Hence the levy soon became known as
hearth money, and the obnoxious collectors as chimney men. It was
assessed on a return made by the occupier after notice from the
constable. The local officer was to enter each house and verify the
return, and the returns were to be delivered to the justices at the
Trans. Session. The clerk o'f the peace was to enrol the accounts
and to send a duplicate to the court of exchequer. None of these
returns, so valuable for statistical purposes, are now extant among the
county records, but a table drawn up from the Hearth Books of 1690,
at the Public Record office, shows that there were 24,944 houses in
Derbyshire at that date subject to the tax, possessing 36,901 hearths.

HEARTH MONEY. I 23
The tax was paid in half-yearly portions, the collection being made
by special officers, who paid over their receipts to the high constable
of the hundred, who in turn handed them over to the sheriff of the
county. Those were exempted from the tax who by reason of poverty
or the smallness of their estate were exempted from church and poor
rates, or who could prove the annual value of their house to be not
more than 20s. The tax from first to last was regarded as a pecu
liarly odious one ; it touched many of the poorer classes who had
hitherto escaped direct taxation ; it was farmed out to the highest
bidder and hence extorted most rigorously ; and it brought about,
through the inquisitorial visits of the chimney men, a constant and
ever jarring invasion of the privacy of home. The eloquent passage
from Macaulay on this tax, with its apt citations from contemporary
ballads, is too well-known for quotation.
Among the Sitwell MSS. is an undated and unsigned letter relative
to this tax, addressed to Simon Degge who usually acted as chairman
of Sessions in the riegn of Charles II. It is, we suppose, from
Renishaw township. The date is probably 1663, for mention is made
of two Acts on the subject. The Act of 1662 was amended in detail
in 1663, and again in 1664.*
For Simon Degg Esqr
Sr There is a Warrt directed to our Constable from the High Constable for 20//. oSs. wch is
said to be in arreare to his Matie for hearth money in this Townshipp, but noe direction of
whome, or after what manner it is to be gathered. We can not imagine that any who have
seriously perused those two Acts for hearth money, would have those who have pd theire
money for those hearths they have, to make good the ffailure of theire neibours, it is soe
dissonant to reason, that we conceave it a gross -mistake in the High Constable, and imagine
he hath forgotten his direction from the Justices att the Sessions for admitt one should
make good the failure of his neighbour, then every man would be lyable to make good the
whole, if there be a failure, it is either in the officers, or in some particuler persons who have
not paid.
The prmisses considred we knowing you to be an understanding discreet person, and a
great lover of Justice, make bould to give you the trouble of this, and humbly intreat you
would please to direct the Constable what he is to doe therein ; for we who have done our
duties, paid our money, and have acquitances according to the Act, conceave we ought to
pay noe more till another rent day : and thereby you will not onely doe a favour to us, but
yor whole Country in generall and will oblige us to be Yor humble servts.
Though there are not many Derbyshire papers extant of the earlier
years of the Restoration, three or four prove that the county shared
in the general dislike to the hearth money. There are two petitions
* 13 and 14 Charles IL, c. 10 ; 15, c. 13 ; i5, c. 3.

124 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
to the Sessions against the claim in cottages which pleaded statutory
exemption, and one case of a grievous assault on a " chimney man."
The following memorandum from the fly leaf of one of the old
registers of Darley Dale affords a further proof of the zeal of the
officials in seeking hearths.
Memorandum, That in ye year 1685 An officer imployed for ye collecting of Hearth money
demanded money for a hearth in ye Burley field house which had been for many years used
for a barne only, & had not been payd for as haveing no hearth remaining ; of which a Cer
tificate was made to exempt it from payment for ye future. Subscribed by
John Edwards, Rector
Richard Adams, Churchwarden
George Wagstaff, Constable
Which Certificate (in behalfe of James Ward then occupant of ye said house) was allowed
by ye Justices at ye Sessions at Bakewell July 14, 1685, & subscribed by

Francis Barker 1 . .. t^
Robert Ashton * J"=""= °^ y^ ^^'"''¦

William of Orange, on his route from Torbay, received many
petitions complaining of the hearth tax. Recognising the popularity
that would accrue from its repeal, he had no sooner come to the throne
than he ordered the House of Commons to report on the subject. To
their adverse report, the new king promptly gave assent, and an act
for the abolition of this first house tax was promptly carried, with a
great flourish of trumpets, " in order to erect a lasting monument of
their Majesties' goodness in every hearth in the kingdom."*

^be Minnow tlay.
Notwithstanding the magnanimous air with which William III. had
repealed the house-tax in the shape of hearth-money, in a year or
two he himself followed the Stuart example and reverted to a house
tax, only this time it took the form of taxing the openings for light
instead of the openings for smoke. The new _tax of i696_imposed
upon every dwelling-house, except those not paying church or poor
rates, the following charge : — for each with less than ten windows,
2s. ; from ten to twenty, 6s. ; twenty or more, lOs. It was managed
by the commissioners of the land-tax, and parochial collectors were
selected from " the most substantial " inhabitants of the district.f

* I and 2 William and Mary, c. 10.
+ 7 and 8 William III., t. 18.

THE WINDOW TAX. 1 25
The tax was much disliked, but in two respects it was an improve
ment on its predecessor ; the inquisitors could generally satisfy them
selves outside instead of inside the house, whilst the local collection
and power of Quarter Sessions removed some of the alien feeling
with which the hearth-money had been regarded. I'he Act was
amended in 1709, when houses with twenty and under thirty were
charged los., and with thirty or more, 30s.*
The first mention of the Window Tax in the orders occurred
at the Epiph. Sessions 1698-9, when various oaths were taken as to
houses having only 8 or 9, or 18 or 19 windows. " Ordered that
James Platts of Longford bee charged but two shillings for his
windows, it appearing to this Court upon his Oath that hee had
but eight windows." " Ordered that Jacob Gaunt of Yeavly bee
charged but six shillings for his windows, it appearing upon his
Oath that hee had but nineteen windows." At the same sessions,
appeal was made on behalf of Mr. Doughty, Schoolmaster of Repton,
asking the court's opinion on his being charged with the window tax
duty for the school house, in respect of his inhabiting some part of
it. The collector was ordered by the court to forbear levying till
the court learnt how other like schools were charged. At the
next sessions, an exemption was claimed because the house had not
been inhabited since the previous Midsummer. In 1703, there were
nineteen cases of appeal as to number of windows heard at Quarter
Sessions ; in fact throughout Anne's reign there were cases at every
sessions. At the Epiph. Sessions, 17 10- 11, "This Court doth order
that William Fowke of Quorne in this county, being a poore man
dwelling in a small poore little cottage in the said Liberty, be for the
future excused and is hereby discharged from the payment of any
duty or tax upon his lights or windowes in his said Cottage." At the
Easter Sessions, 171 1, " Upon the oath of Thomas Bond of Derby
mason that Mr Benjamin Parker's house in St. Alkmund's parish in
Derby hath but 17 Lights or windowes in his house there, two of
which windowes in ye Garrott have beene made up long before ye
Window Act, ordered yt he pay for no more.'' At the same sitting
of the court, a case was sworne to that just escaped the heaviest
charge under the amended Act — "Upon the oath of Mr. Wm.
Chambers that he hath but 29 windowes in his house in All Saints'
parish in Derby, Ordered that he pay but for 29 windowes."
* 8 Anne, u. 4.

126 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The following is given as the form of appeal to the sessions : —
To her Matyes Justices of the peace at their generall Quarter Sessions held at Bakewell
in the County of Derby.
Whereas I (John Beestone) am Assessed the sum of six shillings this present yeare 17 14
for my Dwelling House in Doveridge in the said County, and not having any more than the
number of nine Windows or Lights in the same, do humbly Appeale to this honourable
Court That I may be abated in the said Assessment for my said House. John Beeston.
Various other Acts were passed in later reigns in which the charges
on windows were recast, and steps taken to prevent the temporary
blocking up of lights to evade the assessment. Skylights, and
windows to passages, staircases, kitchens, cellars, laundries, and brew-
houses, etc., etc., were all by degrees included as the need for increased
revenue became more pressing. During the great war with France,
the charges were raised on several occasions, until in 1808, by a
gradually ascending scale, beginning at 6s. 6d., the charge on a house
of 180 windows reached ;^93 2s. 6d., with 3s. additional for every
window over 180. The yield from this form of house-duty, in 1815,
was about ;£^2,ooo,ooo. In 18 17, one glazed window was allowed in
farm houses, for the dairy or cheese room, free of duty. This is the
reason, unknown to many of the present generation, why the words
" Dairy " or " Cheese room " are still found over windows of some
quiet undisturbed farm houses of the country districts of Derbyshire.
The window tax was not finally repealed until 185 1, under the
chancellorship of Lord Halifax, then Sir Charles Wood, who replaced
in our fiscal list the tax on inhabited houses.
The antiquary and the lover of picturesque domestic architecture
have every reason to abhor the memory of both hearth and window
money ; the former caused many a country manor-house or fine old
grange to be dismantled of its chimney shafts, whilst the latter
brought about the still commoner disfigurement of blocked up or
defaced windows.

HAIR-POWDER. 127

1bair-powt)er.
Hair powder, which was first introduced about 1590, was for a long
time only occasionally used by fashionable ladies and their footmen ;
but about the middle of last century it began to come into general
use and was accepted as tantamount to the wearing of a wig. In
England, before 1775, the fashion became general among men of
wearing the natural hair long, tied in a pig-tail, and powdered. In
1795 Pitt proposed to tax the use of hair-powder ; though ac
knowledging that the proposal might at first thought seem ridiculous,
he estimated that such a levy would produce ;^200,000 per annum and
was, therefore, to be seriously regarded. On the part of the op
position. Fox replied that a fiscal arrangement dependent on a
capricious fashion was an absurdity. However the proposal passed
into law, and after May 5th, 1795, every one in Great Britain using
hair powder was required to take out an annual certificate costing
a guinea.* Exemptions were allowed to the royal family, and their servants ;
to clergy with an income of under ;^ioo ; to subalterns, non-com
missioned officers, and privates in army and navy ; and to all officers
and privates of the yeomanry and volunteers enrolled during the past
year. A father having more than two unmarried daughters might
obtain, on payment for two, a license for the remainder. The master
of a household, on making a return of all his servants and their
duties who wore powder, might obtain a certificate for each servant,
which would serve for any successor in the same capacity during the
year. The persons using powder were required to apply for and take
out certificates at certain offices. Duplicate lists of the certificates
granted had to be forwarded by the official " distributor " for the
district to the Clerk of the Peace to be by him preserved. Hence the
appearance of documents of this class among the county records.
Full returns for the county of these certificates for the years 1795 and
1796 are still preserved. They are arranged in two forms — firstly, a
list of names and descriptions of those who had taken out certificates,
arranged according to parishes, and wholly in manuscript ; and,
secondly, a list on folio printed forms, arranged alphabetically for the
whole county, giving in parallel columns the number of the certificate,
* 35 George HI., c. 49.

128 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the date, the person's name, and description. The first "distributor"
for the Derbyshire district was Richard Leaper Head.
We will give, as a specimen, a single sheet of the first of these
returns : —
A List of Persons describing themselves as residing in the parish of Darley in the County
of Derby, who have taken out Certificates for using Hair powder for the year 1795-
Names. Descriptions.
Darley. Cooper Susannah
Dakeyne Joseph Cotton Manufacturer
Dakeyne Thomas Ditto
Dakeyne Daniel, jun. Ditto
Dakeyne Peter Ditto
Dakeyne Edward Ditto
Dakeyne James Ditto
Dakeyne John Gent.
Southern Thomas (of Wensley) Housekeeper
Wray Lucy One of the five Daughters of Wray the Revd Wm.
Wray Mary Second of 5 Daughters of Do.
Wray Revd. William
Wray Frances Wife of Wray Revd WiUiam
Hampston Joseph Lodger with Hopkinson Joseph
Holden Robert Esqr Housekeeper
Harpham Robert Butler to Holden Robt Esqr.
Holden Captn Robert Inmate with Holden Robt Esqr.
Peat Sarah Housekeeper to Holden Robt Esqr.
Spray William Under Butler to Holden Robt Esqr.
Whitworth Mark Footman to Do.
Pitt proved right in his estimate ; the yield of the hair powder tax
amounting to .^210,136 for the first year of its levy, and this notwith-.
standing that the leading members of the opposition and their
followers ceased to use hair powder. The prominent Whig families of
Derbyshire are conspicuous for their absence from the certificate lists
of 1795 and 1796. But the amount of ridicule that the tax aroused,
the wearers being termed " guinea pigs," and the absurdity of the
opponents of the government giving up their accustomed mode of
hair dressing, together with the still greater absurdity of Tory squires
insisting on plastering the hair of all their servants with flour for the
pleasure of paying another patriotic guinea, soon brought a general
abandonment of the custom among sensible folk, though a minority
clung to the custom with much persistency.* This tax was added td"

* So late as 1820, Major John Cox, of Derby, an excellent Tory, declined for some time
to allow his son Edward (father of the author of this work) to become the pupil of a well-
known clerical tutor, for the sole reason that the clergyman did not use powder and wore his
hair short, arguing that he must, therefore, be a dangerous revolutionist.

HAIR-POWDER. 1 29
the group of assessed taxes in 1802. In 1812, 46,684 persons in
Great Britain still paid hair-powder duty. This was the year of the
re-opening of Drury Lane Theatre, to which the " Rejected Addresses "
refer. It is in the first of these addresses that the humorous lines
occur : — " God bless the guards, though worsted Gallia scoff;
God bless their pigtails, though they're now cut off."
The tax soon became merely an additional levy on J;he man servant
of fashionable life. In 1855 the number of these powdered flunkeys
had decreased to 951, so. that soon after the tax was repealed as
unproductive. It is said that of late the beplastering of the heads of
coachmen and footmen is on the increase ; if the admirers of this
silly custom only knew the unpleasant origin of the use of powder
for the heads of men servants, it would be at once abandoned.

10

SECTION VIL— POOR LAW.

• iSgi"

Introductory. Overseers. Women Overseers. Assess
ment. Settlement and Removal. Rogues, Vagabonds,
AND Vagrants. Petitions for Relief. Workhouses, or
Houses of Industry. Habitations. Apprentices.
Lunatics.

SECTION VIL- POOR LAW.

3ntrobuctor^.
" Under cover of the ' Reformation,' Henry VIII. got to himself a
vast proportion of what was expressly given in trust for the poor.
He got it under false pretences. He gave it to his favourites, in
breach of honour, honesty, and his pledged faith. This monstrous
pillage of the poor, and gross fraud upon the nation, produced an
immediate effect. The real and deserving poor, robbed of what was
thus from of old set apart to meet their true needs, were flung upon
society. Vagrancy had thus everywhere a colourable excuse given
to it, and soon largely increased. Instead of the true remedy being
applied, and a part of what had been wrongfully misappropriated
being restored, a new burthen was cast upon the country for the
support of the poor as a class. Thenceforth ' pauperism ' became a
caste in England." * Thus wrote Mr. Toulmin Smith, the able literary
barrister, himself a Nonconformist, in the best known of his works,
nearly forty years ago ; and although some historians have differed
somewhat in their estimates of the causes that brought about the
enormous increase of pauperism that flooded England in the sixteenth
century, and beneath the weight of which she still staggers, the
opening up of new sources of information, both national and private,
since the time of Mr. Toulmin Smith, has most abundantly substan
tiated his strongly expressed conclusions.
Though other minor causes had some small share in bringing
about the misery and mendicancy of so large a section of the nation,
the one true overwhelming cause was the wholesale sweeping away of
* The Parish : its Powers and Obligations at Law ; 2nd Edition, p. 144.

134 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the monasteries, a measure conceived in sin, and brought forth in the
most wanton and reckless greed.* Even if the administration of the
wealth and means of the monasteries had been made to change
hands, and had been appropriated for useful and national purposes, it
would still have been a mistake thus hastily to disband corporations
whose very raison d^etre was the disposal of alms and care for the
sick and infirm. But when the monks were pillaged to find funds for
the profligate courtiers of the most licentious king that has ever
degraded a European throne, what wonder that the results of such a
policy were wofully evil.
We have quoted from a cool-headed critic of these days as to the
pauperism these measures created ; we shall now quote from a good
old writer who lived in the generation after the dissolution, writing
these words in 1591 as to the use the monastic houses made of the
property which they regarded as " the patrimony of the poor."t
" They made such provision daily for the people that stood in need
thereof, as sick, sore, lame or otherwise impotent, that none or very
few lacked relief in one place or another. Yea, many of them, whose
revenues were sufficient thereto made hospitals and lodgings within
their own houses, wherein they kept a number of impotent persons
with all necessaries for them, with persons to attend upon them :
besides the great alms they gave daily at their gates to everyone that
came for it, yea, no wayfaring person could depart without a night's
lodging, meat, drink, and money ; (it not) being demanded, from
whence he or she came and whither he would go.
" They taught the unlearned that was put to them to be taught :
yea, the poor, as well as the rich, without demanding anything for
their labour, other than what the rich parents were willing to give to
them of mere devotion.
" There was no person that came to them heavy or sad for any
cause that went away comfortless. They never revenged them of any
injury, but were contented to forgive it freely upon submission. And
if the price of corn had begun to start up in the markets, they made
thereunto with wainloads of corn, and sold it under the market price

* The sequel to this act — the confiscation of the property of the Guilds (which were the
"benefit societies" of the Middle Ages), as planned by Henry VIII., and carried out by the
adventurers who surrounded the boy king Edward VI., added yet another wave to the
flood of pauperism. Reference will be made to this in the next section, under "Rates of
Wages." t Cole MSS. (Brit. Mus.) xii. ; quoted in Gasquet's remarkable and memorable work on
Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, i88g.

INTRODUCTORY. 1 35
to poor people to the end to bring down the price thereof If the
highways, bridges, or causeways were tedious to the passengers that
sought their living by their travel, their great help lacked not towards
the repair and amending thereof; yea, oftentimes they amended them
on their own proper charges.
'' If any poor householder had lacked seed to sow his land, or
bread, or corn, or malt, before the harvest, and come to the monastery,
either of men or women, he should have had it until the harvest, that
he might easily have paid it again. Yea, if he had made his moan
for an ox, horse, or cow, he might have had it upon his credit. And,
such was the good conscience of the borrowers in those days, that
the thing borrowed needed not to have been asked at the day of
payment. " They never raised any rent, or took any rent, or took any incomes
or garsomes of their tenants ; nor ever took in or improved any
commons ; although the most part and the greatest was ground
belonging to their professions." . ..." All sorts of people were
helped and succoured by abbeys. Yea, happy was that person that
was tenant to an abbey, for it was a rare thing to hear that any
tenant was removed by taking his farm over his head. He was not
afraid of any re-entry for non-payment of his rent, if necessity drove
him thereunto. And thus they fulfilled all the works of charity in all
the country round about them, to the good example of all lay persons
that now have taken forth other lessons, that is nunc tempus alios
postulat mores!'
To be a poor Christian used to be held an honour; Henry VIII.
changed all that, and made poverty a crime. His children, Edward
and Elizabeth, showed how they had been taught to regard poverty
by the very spirit of their poor law legislation, as will be shown
under the different sub-headings of this section.
It seems difficult to exaggerate the astounding numbers of the
beggars that swarmed everywhere, when the rankly covetous actions
of Henry VIII., with their necessary sequel of riotous living and
outrageous expenditure on the part of the few, had been thoroughly
accomplished. The alarm created by their numbers is about the only
excuse that can be offered for the astounding severity of Edward VI. 's
Statute of Vagabonds, to which definite reference will shortly be
made. One careful writer actually estimates that for one beggar at
the beginning of the reign of Henry, there were a hundred in the days
of Elizabeth. Even if we reduce this estimate by one half it

136 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
presents a singularly sad picture, very much the reverse of the
delusions that are generally propagated as history about the glorious
days of " Good Queen Bess." Nor are these estimates the vague
generalities of prejudiced surmisers. Let us give a contemporary
account from the same Elizabethan writer, from whose MS. we have
already quoted, of the funeral of the great Earl of Shrewsbury, the
Lieutenant of Derbyshire. " At the funeral of George, late Earl of
Shrewsbury, celebrated at Sheffield in Yorkshire, the 13th day of
January in the 33rd year (1591), there were by the report of such as
served the dole unto them, the number of 8,000. And they thought
that there were almost as many more that could not be served
through their unruliness. Yea, the press was so great that divers
were slain and many hurt. And further it is reported of credible
persons, that well estimated the number of all the said beggars, that
they thought there were about 20,000." It is thought, adds our author,
in order to form a better idea of the general and grievous poverty,
that all these poor people, thus ready to struggle for a small dole,
were abiding and dwelling within thirty miles compass of Sheffield.
The greater part of them would come from Derbyshire, where the
Earl's estates lay, and where he was so well known.
The stress of beggary does not seem to have been quite so severe
after the Commonwealth, though it was occasionally a serious trouble
when corn ran up to a great price. The following is a presentment
made by the Grand Jury at the Quarter Sessions, held at Chester
field, on January 12th, 1674 ; — " The Grand Inquest for ye County of
Darby observing that in this present time of dearenesse of Corne
there is a great grievance in ye County by reason of the Wandering
of great multitudes of Poore out of their owne Parrishes into other
places to begg releife Wee therefor desire that Order may be taken
by the Court to restrayne persons from Wandering from the place of
their habitations into other Parrishes to begg releife ; " signed by
Geo. Heathcote & sixteen other jurymen.
" The poor of England," says Blackstone, " till the time of Henry
VIII., subsisted entirely upon private benevolence, and the charity of
well disposed Christians." * It now remains for us to consider how
Acts of Parliament took the place of the older form of relief, and
what serious labours were now imposed upon the justices, their poor
law administration forming by far the largest part of their civil
administration. * Blackstone's Commentaries, Vol. I ; Bk. I. ; Sec. 6.

OVERSEERS. 137

©verseers.
It was by the later poor law legislation of Elizabeth that "Overseers
of the Poor " were brought into existence in every parish. Previously
the alms of the faithful deposited in the church alms-box, or con
tributed in other ways, and sometimes gathered by appointed
" Collectors," were not unfrequently divided amongst the poor by
honest men chosen by the parish, and styled in early records
" Distributors." * It is usually said in hand-books and in articles on
the Poor Law, that these officers were created by the elaborate statute
of 43 Elizabeth, but this is a mistake. By the 39th of Elizabeth,
c. 3, it was enacted " that the churchwardens of every parish and
four substantial householders of the said parish, who shall be
nominated yearly in Easter week, under the hand and seal of (not by)
two or more justices of the peace in the same county, dwelling in or
near the same parish, shall be called ' Overseers of the Poor ' of the
same parish." This was an avowedly temporary Act, and it was
renewed in most particulars as abiding legislation, four years later.
Their office and duty were principally to raise competent sums for
the necessary relief of the poor and impotent, and to provide work
for such as were able, but could not get employment.
This Elizabethan legislation gave appeal to Quarter Sessions
against parish officers' accounts, and occasional instances are found
among the Derby records of resort being made to the court for this
purpose. But another and more frequently used appeal to the court
lay with respect to the actual appointment of overseer by " any
person or persons aggrieved." Several such appeals are extant in
the county papers, particularly of the seventeenth century, and are
chiefly based upon the customary rotation not having been observed
A curious point of appeal with regard to the appointment of over
seer comes to light on different occasions, when a woman had been
chosen for the office. The first instance of this kind that we have
noted occurred in 1684, in the case of a female churchwarden, but
which may rightly be here mentioned, as under the statute all church
wardens were also overseers of the poor. The following Order of the
court rendered the election void : —
Upon hearinge Mr. Turner Attorney on behalfe of Mary Jaques of Draycott whoe informed
this Court that the Minister and Inhabitants of the p'ish of Little Wilne had elected the
* See Toulmin Smith's The Parish.

138 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
said Mary Jaques to bee one of the churchwardens of the said p'ish and being alledged
by the said Mr. Turner that shee as a woman was not capable of that Office nor by Lawe
compellable to serve it And therefore prayed the Order of this Court to discharge her from
the same. Itt is thereupon ordered that the said Mary Jaques bee freed and discharged
from the said office and that the Minister and Inhabitants of the said p'ish doe forthwith
proceed to a newe election.
In 1695, the court, on appeal, distinctly affirmed the incapacity of a
woman to hold office of overseer.
Ordered by this Court that Mrs. Elizabeth Sleigh and William Mellone bee discharged
from serveinge the office of Ov'seere of the poore of Hartington Parish Shee beinge a
woman Incapacitated to Serve that office and William Mellone haveinge Served the office
the yeare last past and that Jonathan Brunt William Fletcher and WiUiam Bagnold Serve
the said office pf ov'seere of the poore for the said parrish of Hartington for the yeare
ensueinge and execute the same accordinge to their powers and directions of the severall
Acts of Parliament in that case made and provided.
In later instances, however, the Derbyshire court of Quarter
Sessions did not consider itself bound by these precedents, and
accepted the occasional appointment of women to the position of
overseer as a matter of course.''' The following Order was made
at Easter Sessions, 1712, on the motion of Mr. Balguy : —
Whereas Mrs. Isabel Eyre widdow late officer of Woodland in this county is considerably
out of Pockett since she served ye offices of Headborow & Overseer of the Poore of the
said Liberty and yt several persons neglect & refuse to pay the assessmente. This Court doth
therefore order & it is hereby ordered that the accounts of the said Mrs. Isabel Eyre be laid
before ye Justices of this County at their next Monthly Meeting for the Hundred of High
Peake, or before any two Justices of the same hundred at any other tyme before or after ye
said Monethly meeting, etc., etc.
The original Poor Law Statutes fully recognised the appointment
of the overseer by the parish and the parish only, the appearance
before two justices being merely a formal ratification of the appoint
ment and a reminder of the legal obligations pertaining to the office.
After the Act of the 14th of Charles II., it became customary to
serve the appointed overseers with printed or written forms signed by
the two justices, instructing the new officials as to the nature of
their duties. The Derbyshire records include a variety of these
forms, but none earlier than the reign of George I. Plate I. is a
somewhat reduced facsimile of the form supplied to the overseers of
Brampton in the year 1732.
Later legislation necessitated the alteration of this form ; but
though in the later ones the justices "appoint" the Overseer, they
* In this, there seems no doubt that they were right. " A woman can be appointed and
will be compellable to serve,'' says Toulmin Smith, in his Parish, p. 151.

PLATE. J.

'"f Vertue of the Statute made (in the Three anJ
fortieth Year of the Reign.of oar late Sovereign
Lady Queen Elizuhith) for the Relief of the Poor;
Thefe are to Will and Require You whcrfe
Names are here under-written, That YoiiJ to
gether with the ChUrch-wardensof your pjulh
lor the time being, do, according to the lame
Statote, take Order from time to time '' fo^ tins
Year to come) for the fetting to work all the Poor within youi Parifh,
Cas well married as uamarried ) that arc able to work, and have no
means to maintain themfelves, nor ufc.no ordinary and daity Tjade >
. oftifc to get flieir ilivliigb^— And ai|gfor^& ptacihg out as Ap
prentices «H foch Childrefl within your fairf FarTOi as are fit to put
"lorth, vvhofc Parents ate not able to keep and maintain them.' ifti'id
alio for the raifing of a convenient Stock of Flax.Hcmp, Wool ,Ti«<S!,jj;,
Iroa, and other neceffary Ware and Stuff in your fiid Parifii for tfijt
purpofe ; And dfb for the providini;; of iieccff^ry Relict foi al! (Lcli
Poor withifl.your faid Parifb, as are Lame, Old.Blmd, JmpottfK. anA-
Unable to work, wherein if you be fou^d ncghgciit, or fbail f?.i[,fo
meet once a Mmrtb, to confer together for the purpofe alorftfeids-
then Yoa ate to forfeit -lo s. a-piece Ibrcvcrv Montb that you ffiall
be found remifs or careJefe therein. And tXwxdbK In. dut you bil
nw in the Premiflcs at your pertts.^-^ffw t!{e /^ .

.if4^^'^-

in fht I

-¦<>iT»lTSoveAii!Ki^tnit^en^,f^'mil^ the GriieefGii of Great
Britata, France, and Ireland, ^^'C*^ - ' . .- . -. . -
Annotj; Dom. iiSjZ •  -.,. /

jev'ofthe Ref^
af Gill of Great
cfender of the f'lith &c.

r.^-^^^

^/ra-i/n.

Bnnted 6>r ii. Vmtenf, at the Pnaw ami &ej;ttt,;a7£r-agtia{| I'uSee-Lsnt^ seat
St. DMJIarfi ChoiebjTityfai.j(fr«». .

OVERSEERS. 1 39
only appointed those who had been previously nominated or elected
by the vestry of their own parish. The following appointment of the
overseer of Unston in 1784 shows the change in the official notifica
tion : —
" Derbyshire (to wit.) To Thomas Webster, of the Township of
Unston, in the said County, he being a substantial Householder.
We whose Hands and Seals are hereunto put, being his Majesty's
Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby, do hereby appoint
you whose name is above-written, to be Overseer of the Poor of the
said Township, for the space of one Year next ensuing the Date
hereof, according to the Directions of the Statute in that Case made.
For the due performing of which Office, you must take Notice that
once every Month, you with the Churchwardens of your Liberty
must assemble together and make an equal Rate upon the Inhabitants
thereof; and with the Monies raised thereby you must relieve the
Impotent, place out as Apprentices the Children of those Parents
who are not able to maintain them, and provide a sufficient stock of-
Materials for the Employment of those that are able to work.
Which Rate, before it can be collected, you must get ratified by
two of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the said County,
and must give public Notice thereof to your Inhabitants the next
Sunday after the same is so ratified. And you must also take Notice
that if you relieve any Person not wearing the Poor's Badge, or
one that is not duly registered in Books to be kept by you for that
purpose (except upon pressing occasions), you will incur a For
feiture of Twenty Shillings for each offence. To all which and
to every thing else relating to your Office, you are hereby required
strictly to conform.
GIVEN under our hands and Seals the 14th day of April, 1784.
Wm. Bagshawe.
J. Rotheram."
The legislation of 1834 materially changed the duties and responsi
bilities of the Overseer of the Poor.

140 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

assessment
It was not until 1572, that the legislature ordered that a general
assessment for the relief of the poor should be made in every
township. It was provided that, if any surplus remained after
providing for their maintenance, it should be applied to setting
rogues and vagabonds to work under the superintendence of over
seers. The principle was re-affirmed and extended by the general
Poor Law statute of 43 Elizabeth. By that statute it was enacted
" that the churchwardens and overseers of the poor of every parish,
or the greater part of them, shall, by and with the consent of two
or more justices of the same county, whereof one to be of the
quorum, dwelling in or near the same parish or division where
the same parish doth be, raise weekly or otherwise by taxation of
every inhabitant, parson, vicar, and other, and of every occupier
of lands, houses, tithes impropriate, propriations of tithes, coal
mines, or saleable underwoods in the said parish, in such competent
sum or sums of mone;y as they shall think fit, a convenient stock
of flax, hemp, wool, thread, iron, and other necessary ware and
stuff, to set the poor on work ; and also competent sums of money
for and towards the necessary relief of the lame, impotent, old,
blind, and such other among them being poor and not able to
work ; add also for the putting out of such children to be
apprentices, to be gathered out of the same parish, according to the
ability of the same parish."
The same statute gave a right of appeal against rates for the
relief of the poor to any persons " who shall find themselves .grieved
with any cess or tax, or other act done by the churchwardens and other
persons or by the justices allowing the rates." Such appeal was to
be made to the Quarter Sessions, who were to make such order
thereon as by them should be thought convenient ; the same to
conclude and bind all parties.
No doubt this liberty to appeal was freely used from the time of
the passing of the statute, but the Derbyshire records do not supply
any instances until we come to the time of the Commonwealth.
The form of appeal to the Quarter Sessions, in this as in other
cases, seems to have been invariably by petition up to the time
of the Restoration. We can find no instances in Derbyshire
previous to that date, of appearing before the court through

ASSESSMENT. I41
attorney or counsel. Several petitions against assessment are
extant of the year 1649. The inhabitants of Meynell Langley, in
the preamble of their petition, state that they " have been sore
burdened & oppressed with greate Taxes & payments & alsoe
four quarters of souldiers & whereas the parke is houlden by some
which never yealde or Contribute anything att all towardes the
easment of yor said petitioners which being but a few & housekeepers
that have continually daily extraordinary charges, whereas they that
houlde the said parke at Langley have not the like by reason they
are no housekeepers there," etc. They therefore prayed the court to
" sett downe an Order whereby the houlders of the said parke,
which are Mr. Robert Haywood, Mr. Henry Buxton, & Richard
Warde .... may be compelled to contribute." The petition is
signed by Thomas Jolly, John Parkins, Richard Grovenor, and
several others ; the court granted the prayer, ordering that the
park be proportionably assessed with the rest of the township.
At the same time, James Finny, and other inhabitants of Great
Longston petitioned against " the great inequality in all assessments
in ye same towne to ye Church & poore." They asked for a new
valuation to be made according to the quantity and quality of every
man's holding, and named Robert Craven, clerk, Mr. William Wright,
James Finny, and George Sheldon as suitable assessors.
Another petition presented at the Trans. Sessions, 1649, 's from
Peak Forest and is of interest as showing in what jurisdiction
that extra parochial district was then held to be. The petition
states that " ye Peake Forrest is very spatious and lyeth in ye
Constableryes of Chelmerton and Hope ; " they prayed that " for
ye ease of ye Inhabitants that Robert Wood, Hugh Cocker, George
Martyn, and Ralph Cantrell may bee Assessors, and that Henry
Barber may bee nominated to collect ye sayd assessments, and
yf hee refuse then any able man whome ye foure Assessors shall
appoint." Occasionally the court ordered a re-measurement of the cultivated
land, so that an improved levy might be made. This was the case
with the township of Monyash, and the following report was pre
sented at the Mich. Sessions, 1649 : —
In obedience to ye order of the last Sessions hereunto charged wee whose names are
subscribed have uppon vewe of the lands therein named by survay shewed unto us doe fynd
that the lands in Monyash doe contayne 778 accors. And as wee are credibly informed
Monyash Grange doth containe 650 accors. And wee considering as well the quantitie as the

142 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
quallitie of the one with the other doe conceave that Monyash grange well deserves to pay
one sixt partt of all taxations & assessments with Monyash which wee doe humbly certifye
refering the whole matter unto the Judiciall Censure of this worll. Bench remayning yor
humble servants. Thurston Dale. Edward Brereton.
Geo. Howley. William Barker.
The court, in response to this petition, ordered that the sixth part
be paid by Monyash Grange, " till next sessions accordingly &
further except cause shall bee proved to the contrary & noe
prejudice." Petitions were also presented to the court from individuals by way
of appeal, as well as from the inhabitants of a township. In the same
year from which the previous instances have been quoted, Henry
Woodward, of Hallowes, in the township of Cold Aston, represented
that he was tenant to two parts of the farm called Hallowes since last
Lady day, and that " the assessments were augmented extraordinarily
more than before accustomed." The court ordered that he should
pay according to the "ancient apportionment." This order of the
court is of special interest, as it is signed, on the face of the petition,
" Fairfax." We take it that the celebrated General was at this time
visiting Derbyshire, and that he was called upon, with some irregularity,
to act as chairman of Quarter Sessions.
The following is a 1649 example of a petition from a constable
supported by the leading parishioners: —
To the wpfull the Justices of the peace for the Countie of Derby the humble petition of
Thomas Underwood Constable of Bradley.
Sheweth yt yr Petioner hath (to prevent danger to the townships) bestowed his constant
paines to gather in the several portions of money each warrant, yet upon Assessment made
he hath founde dangerous delays in the two members of Yeldersley & Stirson, which was
prove very prejuduciall to them of Bradley whose portion is denyed without the whol be
gathered, as also to your petitione who is much out of purse for charges laid out for ye
township & cann no way procure it of divers of the fornamed members, the truth of which
premises being subscribed unto by the inhabitants of Bradley.
May it therefore please ye wpfull Bench to grant a warrant of distress, that may inable yr
petitioner to cause the warrants to be executed with equalitie by sch member of our township,
& that yr petitioner may gather the disbursements, which do appear in his accompts, which
els may tend greatly to the impoverishing your petitioner, if not prevented before he go out
of his office, & yr pet: shall ever pray etc.
John Wyerdale Tho: Hill Tho: Banerat
minister of Bradley John Greenwood WiUiam Willis
William Elliot Henry Burrowes
In 1652, Robert Hunt, constable of Foston and Scropton, humbly
desired the court to grant an order whereby he might collect the
levies that were in arrear, or otherwise " a warrant to bringe them in
to the next meetinge."

ASSESSMENT. 143
Two years later, at the Trans. Sessions, 1654, we have an instance
of appeal with regard to that common subject of later assessment
litigation, the levy upon growing woods : —
To the right worshipfuU Justices of the peace for the County of Derby.
The humble petition of Elizabeth Woodhouse of Cole Aston widdow humbly sheweth
That whereas the third parte of a springe wood called Owlercarr lyinge within the afore
said Hamlett of Cole Aston hath anciently belonged to a half an Oxegange of lande
belonginge to Woodhouse farme at the Moore topp, & did formerly pay layes & Assessments
with the aforesaid farme till such tyme as it was sould out of the said farme, since which
tyme the purchasers thereof hath never paid any laye or sesments for the same, by reason
whereof the rest of that farme is greatly overcharged at every lay & sessment (the sessments
since these tymes being very burthensome) to the owners thereof
May it therefore please your good worships the premises considered to graunt such order
forth of this Court yt the aforesaid third parte of the sd springe wood called Owlercarr now
in the possession of Mr. Robert More may beare its equall proportion (as of right it ought
to doe) at all layes & sessments within the aforesaid farme wherunto it did anciently belonge,
yt the said farme may be noe more overcharged as it hath been & your petitioner shall dayly
piiiy etc.
At the Easter Sessions, 1662, complaint as to the assessment was
made by the inhabitants of Duffield, with the result that Edward
Potterell, Thomas Catesby, and Richard Crosse, gentlemen, were
appointed as commissioners. They delivered their report on July
nth, stating that they had met several times about the apportion
ment of the several payments, and had conference with many of
the inhabitants, with the result that the ratepayers were " all well
pleased for the future to pay theire severall proportions of their
taxes accordinge to theire former assessments. Save only that
some of them would have Mr. Gervas Raynor his Ancyent taxe
only raysed & noe others." With this desire the commissioners
did not see their way to comply, but recommended that a
former award, of Mr. Henry Gilbert of " thirteene pence halfe
penny upon every single leavy " be adhered to throughout the
township. With the Orders of Sessions, that begin in 1682, the references to
assessment disputes and appeals are continuous. It was rarely that
the court met without one or more cases of this description being
submitted to their arbitrament. The following is a sample case of
several wherein the court compelled special manors and would-be
exempt districts to contribute their quota to the parochial levy.
At Mich. Sessions, James II. , the following entry was made : —
Upon information given to this Court by Mr. Bagnold on the behalfe of the Inhabitants
of Chrch Gresly Castle Gresly Swadlingcott Okethorpe & Dunisthorpe parcell of the
parish of Gresly cum membris are not able to levy amongst themselves sufficient summes

• 144 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
of money for the necessary releife of the poor of their said Hamletts, And that Sr Thomas
Gresly & the rest of the Inhabitants & Landholders within the village or hamlett of
Drakelowe alsoe parcell of the said parish have hitherto endevoured to exempt themselves
from being taxed rated & assessed towards the releife of the poor of the said parish. And
have paid nothing towards the releife of any parish or place, Itt is Ordered by this Court
that the sd Sr Thomas Gresly & the Inhabitants within the village of Drakelowe showe cause
att the next Quarter Sessions of the Peace why they should not bee rated & assessed by
this Court for the releife of the poore of the severall Hamletts aforesaid or in default of any
such cause being showed This Court will proceed to rate and assesse the Lands within the
said village of Drakelowe for the releife of the poor of the said Hamletts soe overcharged
according to the Statute.
At the ensuing Epiph. Sessions the following order was made : —
Upon coniplaint made to this Court that the Inhabitants of Church Gresly Castle Gresly
Swadlingcott Okethorpe & Dunisthorpe in the Hundred of Gresly in this County are not able
to levy amongst themselves sufficient entries of money for & towards the necessary releife of
the Lame Impotent Old Blind & such other among them being poore & not able to work,
And that the Manner & vill of Drakelowe in the said Hundred is of the yearly value of foure
hundred pounds & upwards & is not charged with any poore, & the said Complaint appearing
in this Court upon examination of Witnesses & hearing Councill on both parties to bee true
This Court doth thinke fitt to tax rate & assesse Sr Thomas Gresly Barronett Owner &
Occupier of the Lands within the said Mannor & Vill of Drakelowe, And therefore Order
that the said Sr Thomas Gresly shall upon all Levies to bee made for the releife of the
poore in the before mentioned ville pay a full third parte thereof that is to say if there be
occasion to levy foure & twentye pounds for the releife of the said poore then the Overseers
of the poor of the said Complaining vills shall pay sixteene pounds & the sd Sr Thomas
Gresly Eight pounds & soe after the same rate for a greater or lesser summe the same to he
paid upon demand to the Overseers & Churchwardens of the said complaining vills for the
use aforesaid.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1692, the differences that had several
times been before the court between Mr. Hurt and the inhabi
tants of Alderwasley and Ashleyhey were adjusted by all parties
accepting the award of a new assessment made by four com
missioners appointed by the court. A closely written large folio
page of the Order Book, in double column, is taken up with a
copy of this assessment "after an equall Pound rate made for
the Courtable of Alderwasley & Ashleyhey according to an Order
of the last sessions by us nominated and appointed assessors whose
names are hereunto subscribed." Three out of the four referees
append their signatures, viz. : Robert Feme, William Stables, and
Thomas Milles. The names and cess of every landholder are
entered. The following are the amounts assigned to Nicholas
Hurt, Esq. : —
Alderwasley — £ s. d.
For his demeane  410
For Parte of Bradshawes  oio
For Part of Aliens  , oio

ASSESSMENT. I45
Ashleyhey — ^ s. d.
For Norwood & the ground called ye Cocke  0100
For Ridge & Fish Poole Peice  020
For Bridge Hill .. . ..  006
For Noton Flash  010
For the Conygreaves  iio
For Alford '.  036
For his Tyth  .. 130
For Millehey called the Kings Parte  340
Arthur Lowe, Gent., and Ferdinando Lowe are among the assessed
of Alderwasley. Another interesting. entry under Ashleyhey is " The
Coppyholders parte of the Commons £2 os. od."
The Mich. Sessions of the same year afford the first recorded
instance of any dispute with regard to coal mines assessment. The
following Order was made by the court at that date : —
Upon hearinge the Complaint of Mr. Erott Proprietor of certaine Coale Mines witliin
Pentridge that hee was over-rated for the same in the Assesments to the poore and that Mr.
Homes Coale Mines are not rated at all in the said Assesments And that the said Mr. Erott
is also over rated in proportion with the Lands in Pentridge aforesaid And it appearinge to
this Court upon oath that notice had been given by Mr. Erott that hee would make his
complaint to this Court as at this Sessions. It is ordered by this Court that the church
wardens and overseers of the poore of Pentridge aforesaid doe make an Equall Assesment
for the poore and therein rate and Tax Mr. Home for his Coale Mines Equall in proportion
with Mr. Erott And that both the Coale Mines and the Lands bee Equally rated and Taxed
Accordinge to a pound rate.
In addition to the numerous references to parochial assessments in
the Orders,* there are also various separate papers relative to awaids
on this question of the eighteenth century, but they do not possess
any sufficiently remarkable features to warrant their reproduction
or to give occasion to any comment.!
The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 materially altered the
question of procedure, and the Union Chargeability Act of 1865 did
away with the endless parochial disputes as to both assessment and
settlement.

* In the following cases, the Orders give full particulars : Idridgehay (1695), Alfreton
(1713), Hartington (1713), Tibshelf (1718), Clay Lane and Holmesgate (1732), and Fair
field (1736).
t The papers we have noted relate to Calow (1729), Wirksworth (1750), Markeaton
(1753), Hazelwood (1754), Beard and other Glossop hamlets (1768), Weston-on-Trent (1777),
Ilkeston (1778), Matlock (1784), Stretton in North Wingfield (1784), Ashover (1785), and
Glossop (1791).

II

146 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Settlement anb IRemovaL
It is usually said in legal handbooks and in treatises on the Poor
Law, that the power of removing paupers was given by 13 and 14
Charles II., c. 12, which enacts — " That it shall be lawful upon com
plaint made by any churchwardens or overseers of the poor of any
parish, to any justice of the peace, within forty days after any such
person coming (i.e , a poor person coming from one parish to another)
to .settle in any tenement under the yearly value of ;^io, for any two
justices of the peace, by their warrant, to remove and convey such
person to such parish where he was last legally settled," subject to an
appeal by any parties thinking themselves aggrieved to the next
Quarter Sessions.
But the fact is that settlement and removal grew out of the
Elizabethan statutes long before the Restoration ; the Act of Charles
II. being passed for their control and regulation. The practice
obtained, if not precisely sanctioned by statute law, of the Court
of Quarter Sessions removing migratory paupers, by the instru
mentality of the constables, right through the time of the Stuarts
and Commonwealth.
The following petition to the Court in 1649, and the subsequent
order, is an example of a few instances of that date : —
The humble request of the Inhabitants of Boulsover
Humblie sheweth that whereas Willm Alcocke with his wife & three children having
beene resideinge from our Towen of Boulsover for the space of 3 yeares & upwards & as hee
doth testifie did remaine Two yeares compleat in the Towne of Higgington in Lincolneshire
in a hired howse for his rent. And from thence did remove to the parish Clowen where he
did remayne for the space of a whole year last past. And now within this six weekes hee
hath Thrust himselfe into an ould ruinous howse wch stood upon our wast ground where now
hee doth remayne. These are therefore, the premises considered, to desire yor worships to
take the Busines into your considerations, & lett him be disposed of according unto law in
that case provided & we shall desire to remayne yours in all Christian dutie & serves
Thomas Fulkes, minister
Oliver Youle i
,-, D > Overseers of the poor etc, etc.
George Rawson \ ^
[endorsed] The Court thinke fitt & order his remove to Clowne with family in sixe dayes or Constable
of B. take him to house of Corr :
In the same year, the inhabitants of LuUington petitioned the
justices with regard to one Richard Cooper, who had lived at
Hartshorne, and who had recently married a LuUington woman,
" which said Richard Cooper & his wife doe continue at LuUington
against the consent both of the Lord of the towne & against the

SETTLEMENT AND REMOVAL. I47
will of the inhabitants,'' praying that they may both be carried to
Hartshorne, lest they become chargeable to LuUington. The Court
granted the prayer, and ordered the constable to see to the couple
being sent back to Hartshorne.
An interesting but hard case occurred in 1650, when John Huit,
who claimed to have been " a painfull & labord workman with
his neibors at Haslewood above sixty yeares, & who was then
eighty years of age & incapable of work, petitioned the Court
for help." His difficulty was that " the house where hee was borne
& hath ever since lived, stands in Posterne liberty ; in the pale ;
where it shoveth itselfe into Haslewood ; where hee hath all his liffe
been a workman, which causeth Posterne to neglect him ; & his
house standing in Posterne causeth Haslewood to neglect him ; and
soe is like to be neglected of boeth." The Court showed considerable
wisdom in its decision, for it did not make John Huit chargeable to
either of these two hamlets, but to the mother parish, for an order
was made on the overseers of the parish of Duffield to pay the
petitioner I2d. per week.
This curious reference to the pale of Posterne liberty shoving itself
into Hazelwood is of peculiar interest, and can be explained from the
knowledge gained by the author during a residence of some years at
Hazelwood. The bound of the old royal deer forest or firth of Duffield cor
responded on the east, in the time of Charles I., with the limits of
Posterne liberty. The Duchy laid claim to the old right of the
" Deer-leap," or about sixteen feet of land on the further side of the
park pale or fence, a distance to which it was supposed a deer might
leap over the bound. Legal decisions had established, here and
elsewhere, this manorial claim to the deer-leap to the extent of even
assigning all timber growing within this limit to the park owner.
John Huit had evidently lived in a cottage that had been built,
probably by some squatter, within the deer-leap limits which was
technically within Hazelwood, but legally in Posterne — hinc illce
lachrymcB. It is not a little remarkable that the identically same
question arose between these two townships with regard to the relief
of an aged man called James Shaw, nearly two centuries later,
namely, in the year 18 17, and with a like result. The foundations of
the cottage that caused this latter dispute have been more than once
shown to the writer, and there can be little doubt that it was also the
residence of John Huit in earlier days. The cottage was pulled down

148 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
by the overseers on the death of James Shaw to avoid further
litigation. A further legal quarrel, though not in connection with
pauperism, was with difficulty avoided at a far later date than 1817,
with regard to this very deer-leap question in the very same place.
The question of settlement and removal, as regulated by the
legislation enacted immediately on the Restoration, gave rise to the
continuous, wearisome, and expensive litigation between different
parishes or their sub-divisions. The place of a person's natural
settlement had to be determined under the following heads : (i) birth,
(2) parentage, (3) marriage, (4) apprenticeship, (5) hiring and service,
(6) renting a tenement, (7) paying parochial taxes, (8) owning an
estate, (9) servnng an annual office, and (10) non-appeal against an
order of removal. Appeal against an order of removal lay to Quarter
Sessions, and could be made by all persons aggrieved, not only by
the parish officers of the parish to which the pauper was to be
removed, but by the pauper himself The Derbyshire Orders of
Sessions bristled every quarter (subsequent to the Act of 13 and 14
Charles II. , c. 12) with settlement disputes, which gave fully twice as
much employment to the lawyers as all the other cases put together.
From these numerous records, we only propose to make a very small
selection of the more striking cases.
But before doing so, space may be found for the following draft of
a parochial letter on this question, soon after the passing of the
Settlement Act, which is taken from the Sitwell papers, by kind
permission of Sir George Sitwell, Bart. : —
For Sr ffrancis ffaine
Dec : 7th 1665
Sr One Peter ffrance was sent by Warrt from two of his Maties justices of the peace of
this County from Troway in the parish of Eckington to Waleswood in the parish of Treeton,
where his last lawfuU settlemt was : notwithstanding you have sent him back hither by yor
Warrt for yt he hath taken his Oath that he was quietly & peaceably settled here for nine
weeks, wherein wee are confident you are misinformed, & therefore to prevent farther
trouble, thought it convenient to send divers persons to informe you (who are ready to take
their Oaths) that he had noe such settlemt here, wch when you are satisfied in, wee doubt
not but you will doe yor selfe & us that right, that he may be settled where according to law
he ought, & you will oblige us to be Yor humble servts
The following Order of the court, made at Mich. Sessions, 1696, in
connection with a case of .settlement by hiring or service, seems to be of
sufficient interest to warrant a full transcript : —
Upon an Appeal brought in this Court this p'sent Sessions from an Order of two Justices
of the Peace one of them of the quorum by the Inh'itants of the hamblett of Walton by wch

SETTLEMENT AND REMOVAL. I49
one Francis Jerrison and his wife was removed from Chesterfield in this County to the said
Hamblett of Walton as the place of his last legall settlemt And Upon hearing Wiitnesses
upon Oath and Councell on both sides in the Court the matter of fact in the Cause appearing
to bee That the said Francis Jerrison the husband lived wth Sr Paul Jenkinson Barrt as a
Foot boy at his house in Walton aforesaid for three yeares or thereabouts and afierwards
Upon some Misdemeanor the said Sr Paul Jenkinson turned him away and hee was absent
from that Service about 3 Months but noe other Settlemt appeared to this Court in that time
And that afterwards the said Sr Paul Jenkinson made an Agreemt wth one Wm Thorpe a
Barber in Chesterfeild to take the said Francis Jerrison for one year in order to teach him to
shave and to make a Bobb Wigg the better to fitt him for any. Gentleman's Service for wch
the said Sr Paul gave him the said Wm Thorpe six pounds and the said Wm Thorpe was to
find him meat Drink Washing and lodginge Upon wch Agreemt the said Francis Jerrison
lived wth the said Wm Thorpe for the purpose aforesaid one year or thereabouts and the
said Wm Thorpe had the Advantage of such worke as aforesaid that afterwards hee left
the said Wm Thorpe and Married his now wife and since returned to Chesterfeild from
whence being thought likely to bee Chargeable there hee was removed to Walton as
aforesaid where hee had lived as a Servt in maner aforesaid This Court Upon Consideration
had of the whole matter of Fact is of an opinion that the said Francis Jerrison by his
Inhabitation with the said WiUiam Thorpe for a year had not obtained any LawfuU
Settlement at Chesterfeild And therefore this Court dolh confirme the said order of the
said two Justices.
A very curious point, that throws light upon the gaol customs of
the time of Queen Anne, was raised in a settlement dispute between
Mickleover and Brailsford. At the Trans. Sessions, 1709, Mickleover
appealed against Sarah Beech, alias Potts, being chargeable to that
parish. Sarah Beech was born at Brailsford, but whilst in the Derby
county gaol was married to John Potts, by one Winter, who was then
a prisoner upon a writ de excommunicate capiendo, for acting as a
clergyman without having any Orders. Potts was a soldier at the
time of the reputed marriage, but his last legal settlement was at
Mickleover, where he had served as an apprentice for five years. The
Court was divided in opinion whether the pretended marriage was
such as to procure the woman a Mickleover settlement or not ; the
question was therefore adjourned to the next Sessions, the opinion of
Sir John Powell, one of the Justices of the next Assizes, being mean
while sought. At the Michaelmas Sessions, the Judge's opinion was
formally entered to the effect that the pretended marriage could not
avail to bring about a Mickleover settlement.
In the following year (1710), another curious removal case occurred.
It was an appeal by the inhabitants of Barton, from an order of two
justices, by which John Haddock, alias Gregory, and his wife, likely
to bear children, were removed from Pleasley to Barton.
The arguments showed that one Richard Babb was firer at Pleasley
Forge in 1696, and lived in a little house built there for the workmen
at the forge, and was paid " ten shillings per tun for the sow mettle

ISO THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
he melted and fired there." In that year John Haddock was bound
apprentice to Babb and his wife for seven years. The three lived
there for a year, and then all moved to the forge at Barton and lived
in a " like little house " there, and worked at a like payment for six
years, when Haddock's apprenticeship expired. Sometime after
wards Haddock removed to the forge at Abbots Bromley, in
Staffordshire, living in a " like little house " there for above a year,
working under the chief firer at 3s. 8d. per ton. Then Haddock
moved to a forge at Monmouth, living in the "little house," and
worked there for tlie chief firer for two years ; for half a year at
3s. lod. per ton single handed, 2s. 6d. per ton double handed, and for
the rest of the time at 5s. per week as stock-taker. During all this
time Haddock remained single. Sometime after this Haddock
moved to the forge at Sheldesley Walsh, Worcestershire, living in the
" little house," and working at 2s. 6d. per ton double handed. It was
whilst living here that John Haddock married his wife Elizabeth.
At the beginning of the year 1709, there being reason to believe
that Haddock and his wife would become chargeable, they were
removed by warrant from Sheldesley Walsh to Pleasley. Pleasley
did not appeal, but by another warrant removed the Haddocks to
Barton. Whereupon Barton appealed at the Trans. Sessions at
Derby. At these sessions it was argued that Pleasley not appealing
on the first removal, save by a new warrant for Barton, nothing could
be done by this court until Queen's Bench had either quashed or
confirmed the warrant. It was further argued whether Haddock's
rightful settlement was not Abbots Bromley, Monmouth, or Sheldesley,
rather than either Pleasley or Barton. The result of the arguments
was that the court, consisting of five justices, disagreed, and the
appeal was suspended till next Quarter Sessions, "and in the mean-
tyme for their better direction in giveing judgment therein do desire
the opinion of Sr John Trevor Knt, Chief Justice of her Majestyes
Court of Common Pleas & one of the Justices of Assize this present
Circuit for the said County." The Orders of Sessions contain no
further entry with regard to this case, so we are left in doubt as to
the final parochial allotment of the oft-moving Haddocks.
We conclude these few examples of Derbyshire settlement disputes
with a reproduction of the pathetic information sworn before Sir
Brooke Boothby in 1790, by the wife of an old discharged soldier : —
Derbyshire to wit.
The Examination of Sarah Holt, Wife of Cornelious Holt, late of the Island of Jersey,

ROGUES, VAGABONDS, AND VAGRANTS. 151
an old Invalid doing Duty there in his Majesty's service, but lately discharged therefrom
and now on his Way to Rochdale, in the County palatine of Lancaster, the Place of his last
legal Settlement, taken on Oath before me Sir Brooke Boothby, Baronet, one of his
Majesty's Justices of the Peace in and for the said County of Derby, this twenty sixth Day
of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety, who saith that her said Husband was
born at Rochdale aforesaid of parents settled there, with whom he lived and served an
Apprenticeship until he was about twenty one years of Age, when he enlisted into his
Majesty's Service as a Soldier, in which Service he hath been forty six years, the last twenty
one years as an Invalid, ten years of which he was stationed at Jersey aforesaid doing Duty
there. Saiih that about three weeks ago the said Cornelious was discharged from all Duty
in his Majesty's Service, and is now on his Way to Rochdale aforesaid the place of his
Settlement, where this Examinant expects to meet him on her Arrival thither. Saith that
the reason of her not travelling with her said Husband is, that he was sent out of the said
Island of Jersey to Chelsea, to be regularly discharged, and to receive his pension there,
without her Knowledge and that when she heard of his Departure she followed him to
Chelsea whence he had been gone before her Arrival (he not then knowing of her following
him) back to Jersey to fetch her, and to travel together to their said Place of Settlement ;
thus having missed each other she is now on her Way to meet her said Husband, who is
upon some other Road on his Way to Rochdale aforesaid.
Before me Sarah Holt
Br. Boothby her mark X

IRoQues, IPagabonbs, anb IDagrants.
Laws against vagabonds may be traced back to the reign of
Henry IL* The cessation of the Wars of the Roses turned adrift
a large number of dissolute persons rendered unfit for a life of careful
toil, with the result that two Acts had to be passed in the reign of
Henry VII. with the object of repressing begging. Vagabonds and
idle persons were to be placed in the stocks, " there to remayne by
the space of thre dayes & thre nightes & there to have none other
sustenance but bread & water," and then to be put out of the town
where they had been found. But beggars unable to work were " to
go rest & abyde in ye hundred where last he dwelled, or there where
he is best known or born, there to remayne or abyde without beggin
out of the sayd hundred." This last provision, based on the old
ideas of lordship and villenage, contains the germ of the subsequent
law of parish settlement. f
A further Act of Henry VIII., just before the destruction of the
lesser monasteries, deals with the same question. It is, therefore, an
exaggeration to ascribe the flood of beggary with which England was
* Vagabonds were legislated for by 23 Edw. III., u. 7 ; 7 Richd. II., c. 5, and 12, c. 9.
t II Henry VII., c. 2, amended and extended by 19 Henry VII., c. 12.

1 52 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
deluged in the sixteenth century entirely to the dissolution of those
great eleemosynary establishments, the monasteries, still there can
be no doubt, as has been already stated, that this policy was
responsible for by far the greater part of the vagrancy and misery
that followed. The infamous Statute of Vagabonds of the beginning
of the reign of Edward VI. attempted to stop, by awful severity,
the evil created by his father. A runaway servant was to be
branded on the breast with the letter V for vagabond, and adjudged
to be the slave of any purchaser for two years. The owner was
" to give him bread, water, or small drink, and refuse meat, and
cause him to work by beating, chaining, or otherwise," at any
kind of labour, "though never so vile." If he absented himself for
fourteen days at any time during the two years, he was to be branded
on the forehead or cheek with the letter S, and adjudged to be the
slave of his master for ever. It was also lawful to put an iron ring
about the neck, arm, or leg of one of these slaves. Much of this
Act was soon afterwards repealed. In the fifth of Elizabeth the
licensing of beggars, under certain restrictions, was again approved.
Nine yeai's later, an Act was passed of almost eqiial severity to that
of Edward VI. A vagabond above fourteen was to be grievously
whipped, and burned " through the gristle of the right ear with a hot
iron of the compass of an inch," unless some responsible person would
take him into service for a year. If after the age of eighteen, he fell
a second time into vagabondage, he was to suffer death as a felon,
unless he obtained service for two years ; and for a third offence, he
was to be unconditionally executed. This Act remained in force for
twenty-one years. The later legislation of this reign with regard to
rogues and vagabonds, though less fierce, was still exceedingly
stringent with penalties of whipping and imprisonment.
In April, 1597, the Earl of Shrewsbury, at the instigation of the
Council, writes to the Derbyshire justices urging them to restrain
" the multitude of vagrom people wandering evilly about the shire."
Later on in the same year a further order of the Council was for
warded to the jusrices, ordering them to call in all " lycenses for
beggars," and forbidding the granting of any more. They were
also enjoined to be very careful in seeing that search was made in
every parish once a fortnight for " rogues and vagrant persons.''
The Derbyshire justices were ordered, in the spring of 1629, to
instruct the high constables of the hundreds to see to the parish
constables making weekly searches for the arresting of "suspect

ROGUES, VAGABONDS, AND VAGRAN'ta. 153
persons, rogues, both sturdye beggars, & begging vagrants, some
whereof pretend to be petty chapmen hucksters, & higglers, & others
tynckers, & others palmesters, fortune tellers, Egiptyans, & the like."
There are not many Derbyshire papers left of the Stuart days,
but among the informations before justices is the following examina
tion of a man apprehended as a vagrant in 1634, which is sufficiently
characteristic of the time to be reproduced ; —
The Examination of Richard Jackson late of Elaston in the Countye of Stafford laborer,
taken before Sir Henry Legh Knt one of his Maties Justices of the peace within the sd
Countye the I2lh daye of June 1634.
This Examinate saith that uppon Tuesday beinge the third of June hee was hyred at
Congerton in Cheshire by one Mr. Tompson a Graszer whoe dwelleth at Northampton, to
helpe him to drive a drove of Cattell towards Derbye and that they lodged that night at
Newcastle at the sign of the Starre but knoweth not the Inkeepers name. And that on
Wednesdaye they travelled from thence to Stone, & soe to a Bridge supposed to bee Wolsley
bridge, neare to the wch bridge hee saith they lodged that night at the sign of the Lyon but
knoweth not the name of either his hoste or hostes there And from thence on Thursdaye
came to Uerhye about foure of the Clocke in the Afternoone, where hee was paid for his
labour of dryvinge by the sd Mr. Tompson & by him discharged and further saith that uppon
Wednesdaye hee lefte Uttoxeter on his right hand to goe to Derbye, and denyeth that he was
any of the three diyes spied at the house of Mr. Richard Morton vicar of Spoonedon. And
saith uppon Thursdaye hee went to Marton from Derbye whither hee came much about sunsett,
& layd there all night in a barne belonginge to an Alehouse, the owners name whereof hee
knoweth not & uppon Frydaye went hee knoweth not whither & lodged that night hee
knoweth not where, the like hee saith for Saterdaye, sivinge that on Saterdaye night hee
laye under a hedge, and uppon Sundaye after morninge prayer hee came to Elaston & under-
tooke to drive Cattell for one Mr. Scattergood towards Belton Fayre, and haveinge driven
that afternoone & all that night hee came the next morninge beinge Mondaye to Belton
Fayre And beinge asked how hee came by an apron, & a stockinge that were found uppon
him, saith that hee found them on Munday last in the Road Waye cominge from Belton
Fayre towards Burton, where he was apprehended as a Vagrant, & beinge sent towards
Derbye, was stayed by Mr. Morton aforesd uppon supposition of felony and by him brought
before Sir Henrye Legh at Egginton. He : Legh.
The following record of the brief examination of three vagrants
arrested by a constable at the beginning of the Commonwealth
period is of interest : —
The Examination of Richard Oxly, Christopher Pope, & Thomas Foster, taken before
Gervase Bennett one of the justices of peace for the said County of Derby, January xxi.,
1649. Being apprehended by the constable of Marketon upon suspicion of being robbers &
disorderly persons.
Richard Oxly saith he had no habitation or settled abode in England but come lately
forth of HoUand.
Tho : Foster said he had no habitation or setled abode, but come lately from Fraunce.
Christopher Pope saith he is a Chapman & hath beene three weeks in their company &
said his occasion was to goe with Oxly to seeke his wife, & that Oxly lived by going from
gent : house to another. Ger. Bennett.

1 54 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The bonds of society were doubtless somewhat relaxed at the
time of the important but peaceable revolution of 1688, in which
Derbyshire under the Cavendishes played so important a part.
Although, curiously enough, the recorded Orders of Sessions are
silent on the subject, we find from a detached paper that the
court was petitioned, at the Easter Session.s, 1689, by various
inhabitants of the hundreds of High Peak and Scarsdale, to take
further order with regard to the increased number of sturdy -b'eggars
who had grown " insolente and threatteninge in the uncertaintie
of the tymes."
There was further legislation bjth in the reign of William III. and
of Anne with regard to the due punishment of vagrants and the
conveying them to their place of settlement. These Acts are referred
to in the following order of the Derbyshire Sessions, made at Easter
1704, whereby an authorised scale of payment was determined on for
their removal : —
Whereas severall great Sumes of Money since the makeing of an Act in the late Reigne of
King William the Third Intituled an Act for the more effectuall punishment of vagrants and
sending them whither by Law they ought to bee sent have been levyed and expended for
Conveyinge of Vagrants more then might bee necessary. And whereas by another Act of
Parliamt in the First Year of the Reigne of her p'sent Majtie Intitule an Act for continuinge
former Acts for Exportinge Leather and for Ease of Jurors and for Reviveing and making
more effectual an Act relateing to all Vagrants whatsoever the Justices of the Peace are
required to put the same in Execution as at this p'sent Sessions and thereby impowered to
ascertaine and sett downe the severall rates that shall for the Year ensueing bee allowed for
maintaininge and Conveyinge and carryinge of all Vagrants as shall by Law bee passed and
conveyed through the severall Countyes of this Kingdome Pursuant therefore to the said
Act and to the end the rates hereafter mentoned and other the rates in the said Act may bee
strictly observed in this County It is Ordered by this Court that where there shall bee
Occasion for passing and Conveyinge Vagrants by Cart and Horse Nine pence bee allowed
for every Mile and no more to the Constable or his Deputy and that where there shall bee
occasion only for a Horse and Man Three pence for every niile and no more, and for every
Mile that a person is Conveyed on foot One penny and no more and that every Vagrant to
bee conveyed as afore said that is healthy to bee allowed only Three halfe pence a day,
And every Vagrant that is Sickly and ill Three pence a day and no more And further
ordered that all petty Constables doe bring all and every Vagrant and Vagrants to bee
passed and Conveyed before the next Justice of the Peace of this County which Justice
is desired so to regulate the allowances and to Tax them upon the backe of the
'Certificates by them to bee given to the severall petty Constables And that no high
Constable doe pay the rates Taxed upon such Certificates brought to them by their petty
Constables unlesse the said Petty Constables shall at the same time produce to such high
Constable a receipt from the Constable of the Adjacent County to whom such petty
Constable was Ordered to deliver the said Vagrant or Vagrants of such Constables
haveing received such Vagrant or Vagrants which Constable of every Adjacent County are
by the said Act required to doe ; And hereof the said High Constables petty Constables
and other such officers are not to faile upon the Paynes and Penaltyes mentioned in the
said last recited Act.

ROGUES, VAGABONDS, AND VAGRANTS. 155
At the following Trans. Sessions, it was ordered that a levy should
be made at the rate of two shillings " per trained soldier " * for con
veying vagrants out of the county ; the money to remain in the hands
of the high constables, and to be paid as the Court should direct. In
the 7th year of Queen Anne, this special vagrant conveying rate was
raised to 2s. 6d. per trained soldier.
At the Easter Sessions, 17 10, the following Order was made ; —
This Court takeing into Consideration a former Order of this Court made for settling ye
Rates for Conveying of Vagrants whither by Law they ought to be sent, It is Ordered by
this Court that the directions rates & alowances mentioned & contained in ye said former
order doe stand & be confirmed in every perticuler thereof Except in these perticulers
following (that is to say) Where Vagrants shall be Conveyed to such remote places as that
the Constable or his Deputy cannot returne home the same day that then (and in such case
only) every Justice of the Peace signeing a Certificate for such Constables charges may allow
for a Guide & his charges, & the lodging of such vagrant or vagrants on the Road & the
maintenance of them, as he in his discretion shall think fitt and convenient, over & above
the allowances sett downe in the said former order, the reason of which said further allowance
to be particularly expressed & certified in the said bill or certificate to be signed by the said
Justice or Justices, which being Conveyed to the Treasurer of ye County is by him to be
paid out of the publicke moneyes raised for that purpose accordingly.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1714, the rate per trained soldier for the
conveyance of vagrants was raised to 3s. 6d. ; and in the next year
it was 2iS. ; in the 2nd year of George I. it dropped to is., but soon
returned to 2s.
In the reign of George II. the use of printed forms' for the more
general business of the justices began to prevail in Derbyshire, and a
considerable number of the passes for vagrants, and the sworn
information of the vagrants themselves, are among the county
records. The Act obliged the justice to send duplicates of passes,
etc., to be filed among the Sessional Papers. The following, with
respect to the case of a female vagrant of 1740, may be taken as an
example ; the first document is altogether written, the second is a
filled-up printed form : —
Derbyshire to wit
The Exam, of Sarah Cooke, singlewoman taken on her oath this 26 day of Nov.
1740, saith that she has been a hired servt in severall places particularly at Mr Thos
Chambers in AU Sts parish in Derby for seven yrs, a few yrs at Burley, wth Lady Exeter for

This assessment per trained soldier was adopted as a convenient form of levying, and
dated back to the time of James I., when the proportion to be furnished by each hundred
was determined. It was used as a basis for various levies of an entirely non-military
character. The county had to provide 378 trained soldiers, so that a 2S. rate realised
£37 l6s. The number, 378, were thus divided among the hundreds : — Scarsdale 88, High
Peak 80, Wirksworth 50, Appletree 65J, Morleston and Litchurch 52J, and Repton and
Gresley 42I.

IS6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
4 yrs, and severall places in London, but her last hiring for a year's service was at Chelsey
where she was hired to one Mr. Eyre's there for a yr at £8 wages. She served ye sd year,
and two other yrs at the same place, since then she has never done Any Act to alter her
settlement at Chelsey aforesaid.
Sworne before me Sarah Cook.
J. Gisborne.
Derbyshire to wit. To the Constable & other officers of the Peace of the Parish of
Longford, in the County of Derby, & also to the Governor or Master of the House of
Correction at Derby, And likewise to all Governors or Masters of all Houses of Correction
whom it may concern, to receive & convey ; & to the Churchwardens, Chapelwardens, Over
seers, or other proper officers of the poor of Chelsea CoUedge in the County of Middlesex
or either of them to receive & obey.
Whereas Sarah Cooke Singlewoman was apprehended in the parish of Longford in the
Counly of Derby as a Vagabond & brought before me one of his Majestys Justices of the
Peace for this County, & upon examination of the said Sarah Cooke, taken before me on
oath, it doth appear that she is a vagabond within the true Intent & Meaning of the
Statute in that case made & provided ; & that the place of her last legal settlement is the
CoUedge of Chelsea a foresaid, where the sd Sarah Cooke continued as a hired Servant for
the space of two years & upwards : These are therefore to require you the said Constable or
other officers to convey the said Sarah Cooke in the next direct way to the House of
Correction at Derby. And you the said Governor or Master of the said House of Correction
are to receive the said Sarah Cooke into your custody & her convey or cause to be conveyed
to the first House of Correction in the next County or Place in the direct way to the said
Parish Town or Place of Chelsea CoUedge in the said County of Middlesex, & in like
manner every other Govenor or Master to whom it may belong, is to convey the said Sarah
Cooke from House of Correction to House of Correction, until she shall arrive at the House
of Correction belonging to the County etc. to which the said parish or place doth belong :
and the Master or Governor last mentioned is also to convey & deliver, or cause to be
conveyed & delivered the said Sarah Cooke to some Churchwarden or Overseer or other
proper officer of the Poor of the said place of Chelsea College aforesaid to be there
provided for according to Law. And you the abovementioned Churchwardens, etc, are
hereby required to receive the said Sarah Cooke & provide for her as aforesaid. Given
under my hand & seal this twenty eighth day of November in the Year of our Lord one
thousand seven hundred & forty. J. Gisborne.
The next pass, filled up by the same magistrate, on Dec. 5th, 1740,
was for John Chapman and his two daughters, Elizabeth and Mary,
apprehended at Duffield as rogues and vagabonds, and sent on to
the parish of St. Trinity, York, the parish of their settlement by
birth. These forms, however, became obsolete soon after this date, for in
1744 there was further legislation on the subject, whereby the vagrants
were divided into three classes, (i) idle and disorderly persons; (2)
rogues and vagabonds ; and (3) incorrigible rogues. The first of these
were to be punished with a month's imprisonment in the house of
correction ; the second class with whipping and imprisonment not
exceeding six months ; and the third with tlie like discipline, and

ROGUES, VAGABONDS, AND VAGRANTS. 1 57
with confinement not exceeding two years.* The justice, or the
Court of Quarter Sessions, might order a vagabond to be conveyed
to his place of settlement after punishment ; but by an Act of
George III. this could not be done until the culprit had been actually
whipped or imprisoned for at least seven days, which was to be
certified on the pass. The object of this was to prevent the abuse
of removing ordinary paupers by a vagrant pass instead of by an
order of removal. The parish bore the expense of the order of
removal, but the expense of conveying by vagrant pass fell on the
counties through which the vagrants were conveyed.
Its seems scarcely worth while to give in detail the somewhat
shorter forms of passes used under the new Acts, for they much
resembled that already given, save that they were addressed to the
Constable of the place where the vagrant was apprehended, and not
to successive Masters of Houses of Correction ; for the later Acts
made the one constable responsible for the delivery of the vagrant at
the terminus of the journey, and they could lodge where the con
stable thought fit, only at a fixed rate.
The following was the table of rates for conveying vagrants that
was fixed by the Sessions for Derbyshire, in 1753 : — s. d.
" For every Vagrant by the Head, per mile ... o 2
For every Vagrant's maintenance per night —
if above 14 years of age ... ... o 6
if under 14 years of age ... ... o 4
For the charge of each Horse per night ... o 6
For every night the Constable is out ... ... i o
For every Originall Pass & Examination ... 2 o
For every Receipt (that is of vagrants' arrival
at destination) ... ... ... ... o 6
For signing a continuation of pass ... ... o o
Every Constable is to carry two Vagrants upon one Horse, & that
nothing be allowed for any night's expenses unless the Constable do
carry them upwards of 12 miles."
* This statute, 17 George IL, c. 5, defined idle and disorderly persons as those (i) who
threaten to run away and leave their families chargeable, (2) who return from the parish of
their settlement as paupers, (3) who refuse to work for usual wages, (4) who beg within
their own parishes, and (5) who neglect to work or spend their money idly. Rogues and
Vagabonds included (l) gatherers of alms under pretence of losses, (2) fencers, (3) bearwards,
(4) players of interludes not authorised by law, (5) minstrels, (6) jugglers, (7) gipsies,
(8) fortune tellers, (9) aeceivers by subtil craft, (10) players and betters at unlawful games,
(11) persons running away from their families, (12) unhcensed pedlars, (13) persons lodging
in outhouses and open air, (14) persons seeking harvest work without a certificate from the
minister and one churchwarden of their parish, (15) and all wandering beggars.

158 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In 1774, the above rates, though expressed in rather different
phraseology, were ordered to be printed, and a copy sent to all the
petty constables. . This further proviso was added : — " And it is
further Ordered, That no Constable shall, from henceforth, convey or
pass any Vagrant in the said County of Derby, without first taking
such Vagrant before one of his Majestys Justices of the Peace for the
said County of Derby, to be dealt with according to Law, & receivino-
from such Justice a Certificate, ascertaining how such Vagrant shall
be conveyed, & the allowance to be made to such Constable for
conveying him. And it is further Ordered, That no Constable shall
receive any Vagrant from a Constable of another County, to be
conveyed otherwise than in the direct Road to the Place of his
Destination." The charge to the county in 1782-3 for the apprehension and
passing of vagrants was ;£^379 ; the average of this yearly charge
for the next ten years comes to a rather higher sum.
The following examination of one Thomas Berry in 1771, is given
as an example of a self-convicted blackleg. He was sentenced to be
whipped and detained for a month at the Chesterfield house of
correction, and then to be conveyed by a pass to Harstoft ; —
The Examination of Thos. Berry this day brought before me Iman. Halton one of his
maty's Justices of the peace for the said county by the constable of Tibshelf charged with
being a dangerous & scandalous person, living idly & yet faring well, tho' having no visible
means of an honest livelyhood : which said Thos. Berry on oath saith that his legal settle
ment is at Harstoft in the said counly, that his general abode is at Tibshelf aforesaid, where
he pays a penny pnight for his lodging ; that he sometimes works at the coal-pits ; that he
attends the feasts & wakes in the neighbourhood for the purpose of gaming, that being his
chief support, that he hath not done any work for ten or eleven weeks last past, but hath
supported himself during that time with his winnings at ShirUnd wake, being forty shillings.
Thos. Berry.
Sworn 2 Sept., 1771 his X mark.
before me Iman. Halton.
At the Easter Sessions, 1790, complaint was made that but few
parishes had any place for the temporary reception of vagrants and
paupers with pass or order of removal, and that they were often put
into damp stables and outhouses whence maladies and even death
arose ; and further that there was no proper place of confinement for
riotous or drunken persons, or for persons chargeable with bastardy,
and hence they were conveyed by the Constable to Public Houses,
" and half the Parish under pretence of guarding them (the warrants
being frequently served on a Saturday evening) were entertained
and intoxicated at his cost nearly to his ruin, and totally to the

PETITIONS FOR RELIEF.

159

destruction of industry, peace, and good order in the neighbourhood."
The court therefore ordered that in every parish, where there was not
already any " Round House, House of Correction, or Gaol, a small
cottage should be assigned expressly for the above purposes, with
windows and door properly barred, for the temporary confinement of
offenders and for the lodgement of vagrants ; and that the cottage
should always be inhabited by a pauper till wanted for public use."
Occasionally application was made by respectable paupers to the
court for a travelling pass which would entitle the holder to the help
of the overseers of the parishes passed through. The earliest
instance extant of this is of the year 1663 : —
To the Rt Worshipful, etc.
The Humble Petition of Anne Barker, of Wirksworth, widdow, Humbly sheweth that
your Petitioner is a very poore Women of about Threescore and Ten yeares of Age, and
haveinge occasion to goe to London and nothinge towardes maintaininge of her on her
Journey humbly prayes
Your good Worps to graunt her a Pass for the carryinge of her on her Journey.

petitions for IReliet
The right of appealing to the justices in Quarter Sessions against
rates for relief of the poor, as well as of appealing against refusal or
, dilatoriness of the parish officials in granting relief, originated with
the comprehensive statutes of 39 and 43 Elizabeth. The county
records include a considerable number of petitions under the latter
of these two heads, addressed to the justices, which often have the
order of the court subscribed at the bottom of the petition. The
earliest of these are of the Commonwealth period.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1646, a petition was presented to the
court by three orphans, Elizabeth, George, and Anne Briggs, of
Chesterfield, setting forth their " miserable & distressed estate &
condition, the parents being deceased & so much indebted that all
the goodes they lefte (consisteinge only of househould stuffe) will not
extend to discharge a fifthe parte of the debt that is oweinge " ;
whereupon order was made that " the Inhabitants of the Towne of
Chesterfeild together with the Overseers of the poore for the said
Towne do take especiall care for the livelyhoode & mainetenance
of the said poor children untill it shall please God to enable them
to gett theire owne Liveinges, they beinge as yet but of tender

l6o THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
yeares." The court still further adjudicated in this case, for they
ordered the overseers to hand over a portion of the household goods
to the " moste needful creditors," but to employ the remainder
towards the orphans' maintenance. The same order provided that
the constables within the town of Chesterfield were to take the
overseers before the nearest justice of the peace, by him to be bound
over to appear at the next sessions to answer for their contempt, in
case they neglected to collect and pay the contributions necessary
for the support of the three children.
The next petition that we have found is one presented at the
Easter Sessions, 1648, by Richard Bennet, of Ashbourne, stating that
he had for seven years kept a poor lame child, daughter of George
Sheepee, who, in 1641, "tooke up Armes under the command of
Sr Edward Filton." At that time one of the overseers placed the
child in his charge, promising him eightpence a week during the
time he maintained it. Richard Bennet, however, only received 6s.
for the first nine weeks, and then could obtain no more from the
parish, until the overseers of 1648 came into office, when they paid
him 7s., so that in all he only received 13s,. for seven years' main
tenance of the child. He therefore prayed for satisfaction for the
time past and that he might be discharged from any further keeping
of the child. The court paid no attention to the question of arrears,
possibly because the father was a royalist, but simply ordered " the
Overseers to releive her (the child) according to necessity."
There are two petitions extant of 1649, addressed to a single
justice, namely, to Colonel Saunders, to whom reference has often
been made in these pages, and whose office, as Custos Rotulorum,
most likely carried with it a position equivalent to that of chairman
of Quarter Sessions. The following is a copy of the first of these : —
To The right Honoble Collonall Saunders at his howse at Ireton.
Whereas William Blackshaw of Chevinside in this countie of Derbie Laborer had his
nativitie and birth in the place aforesaid and hath behaved himself treuly honestly and
Justly and hath beene a faythfuU paynfuU and treu dealing man all the dayes of his lyef as
far fourth as we did ever know heare perceive or understand and the said pore man being
himself fallen blind and his wyfe lame He also havinge one child and not being able
to releeve them wth his paynefull labour as heartofore he hath done, is likely now with his
familie utterly to perish unles some speedy course be Taken for ther relieffe wherefore the
premises tenderly Considered may it please your Hour to pitie the same pore Blackshawe's
cause as truth Charitie & merit injustice will require on god's behalf and the same poore
man with his wyfe shal be bownd to pray for your health and prosperitie. Henry Stookes.
Aprill 2d, 1649. WUUam JoUey.

PETITIONS FOR RELIEF. l6l
The second of these petitions is dated July 17th of the same year,
and is addressed " To the worshipfuU Corronall Sanders, Justice of
peace & other Justices of the peace for the Countie of Derbie." The
petition recites that Robert Wright, who had been resident at Kirk
Ireton above twenty years, and who had all that time rented a house
was now about to be ejected, and prayed that a house might be
found for him to dwell in, both he and his wife being "lame people &
veary oulde withall," and being willing to pay " a sufficient rent."
The petition is thus endorsed : — " Itt is ordered by ye Court yt ye
overzeers of ye poore presently provide a house for your petitioner,
as they will answer ye contrary att theire perill.s. Per Cur'. John
Withers, Cler. Pac."
At the same Trans. Sessions, 1649, the subjoined petition, which
is of much interest, as pointing to the voluntary relief by collection
that prevailed during the Commonwealth, was also presented : —
The Humble Petition of William Roy of Tansley in the parish of Crich to the right
worshippfuU Justices for the countye of Derby assembled in Sessions.
Humbly Shewelh your worships Poore Petitioner that Whereas hee hath a long tyme
layne lame of a soore Legge wch came first by a hurt received in the parliament's service,
and now not being able to move no further than hee is borne & moved by the help of others,
And having a Wife & a Child and being no wayes able to mantayne himselffe & his family
by Reason of the Sorrowes of his Legge which is in great danger to bee Cutt offe lest it
infect his body. And having received no more from the parish in Generall but foure shillings
& a payinge one Sabboth day by way of Collection from well disposed people never since
your poore petitioner begann first to bee lame. Therefore your Worships poore petitioner
humbly prayeth your good Worships to take his distressed estate into consideration & that
you would bee pleased to graunt an order that your poore petitioner might have some Reliefe
from the parish of Crich wherein hee liveth now in his great need and Extremity, As your
worships in your good discressions shall think fitting and hee shall bee ever bound to
pray, etc.
There is yet another petition of this year 1649 which is worthy
of reference, for it shows the method adopted in pressing cases to
compel relief from overseers, during the period from one quarter
sessions to another. On June 19th, Nicholas Morehouse, of Alfreton,
drew up a petition, setting forth that he was over fourscore years of
age, blind, very lame, with a wife of almost his own age, who had
lately met with an accident whereby she was " broken & bruised in
her body & legges," and that they were almost starved, having no
constant allowance made by the parish. The petition was taken to
Ralph Clarke, the nearest justice, who thus endorsed it : — " To the
overseeres of the poore at Alfreton. These are to require you that
present means of subsistence bee allowed to the petitioner yf the
12

l62 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNAL.S.
Contents of this petition bee true. Ra. Clarke." It was subsequently
presented at the ensuing Trans. Sessions, when is. 6d. per week was
ordered, and the overseers bound over to observe the order.
The next petition to the Sessions that we shall quote, is of the
year 1656, and tells of the troubles of an adventurer in the lead
mines of Hartington : —
The Humble petition of Thomas Sutton of Hartington.
Sheweth, Whereas yr petitioner & wife having 8 children four being with him very young
are unable to get a livelyhood beinge very laborious att there time hitherio takeinge great
paines at ye mines : haveinge noe gets for many years together, venluringe his substance in
vindication of ye mines, yr petitioner haveinge a small Cottage of his one, & a Utile Corne
wch ye petitioner hath caused sowen, & goinge into debt for ye sd seed, ye man to whom I
had ye seed hath seized of my corne allready for his pay, I beinge in a weake condition
Allmost past my woike & my wife allso sellinge that small substance wee had in our house
for maintenance for our family, & ye hardness of ye winter hath forced sell all wee had, to
preserve us all a life, & beinge in extreame poverty, makein complaint to ye overseers of ye
sd Towne, who daly excuseth, & say the will doe much for us but never performe Anythinge,
humbly desireinge that yr worshipful bench wold give Orders to ye Overseers of ye poor yt
yr petitioner may have yt weekly pay, as in yr grave wisdome you shall thinke fitt & yr
petitioner will ever pray. Thomas Sutton.
Yr petitioners eyesight beinge dim humbly desiretli yr assistance for without yr worshipps
order I must have nothinge.
(Ordered) 2s. weekly.
The next petition in connection with relief that is here presented
is one from the inhabitants of Darley, praying that a former order of
the court with regard to a special pauper may be abated. It is
undated, but from the time that Thomas Moseley held a mediety of
the rectory of Darley, we know that it is between the year 1672 and
1685. This is humbly to Certifye his Maity's Justices of the Peace That whereas Frances Watson
of Darley in ye County of Deroy widd had an Order of Sessions granted severall yeares agoe
for one shilling per weeke ; wh sd Order was accordingly obeyed untill shee was willing to
compound wth ye neighborhood for gd. per week ; and now her charge being much lesse
than formerly the neighbors thought 6d. per week a sufficient allowance for her which she
refuseth : Wee whose names are hereunto subscribed inhabitants of Darley aforesd doe
certify That Frances Watson aforesaid hath but foure persons in the family. Three wherof
are in constant work & getts : & that wee are confident shee is not so great an object of
charity as formerly shee hath beene, & that some other pensioners are newly fallen upon us
which wee believe are more indigent than shee is, & are likely still to fall, & therefore wee
humbly crave redresse. Tho. Moseley, Rector of Darley.
[And thirteen others.]
In the days when there were no hospitals, in the usual modern
acceptation of the term, it has often been a question for conjecture as
to the way in which accidents to the poor were treated. A petition

PETITIONS FOR RELIEF. 163
in 1681, to the jusrices from a Derby townsman, who had befriended
an old man at the time of a serious accident, shows what was
probably a usual method of procedure : —
To the Honoble Bench of his Matyes Justices of the peace for the County of Derby.
The Humble petition of Thomas Sales of St. Alkmond parish in Derby.
Sheweth that on the one and Twentyelh day of August last past John Brindley a poor
impotent old man travelling by the Towne of Derby in the highway neer St. Mary-bridge by
a fall from of an horse was soe crushed and bruised that of himselfe hee could not rise again
but after a while lying there was by some compassionate good people brought into the
Towne to your petitioners house in the street called Bridge-gate where void of money and in
great weakeness of body hee hath ever since continued at your petitioners great charge and
trouble without releife from any other person. Humanity forbids your petitioner to let him
dye for lack of dayly bread and if the charge be not removed from your petitioner he shall
in a short time become an object of charity also. Therefore humbly proposeing the premises
to your mercifull considerations and since the said John Brindley's necessityes may in reason
require supplyes more fiom the publick charity than any privat man's pitty your petitioner
prayeth such redresse in this case as to your Honor's discretion shall seem meet.
(Ordered) iij li. to be leavyed in ye county. This order receaved Easter Sessions, 1681.
Tho. Sales.
At Easter Sessions, 1683, the court received a very remarkable
petition for relief from the county gaol. It proceeded from one
William Wardle, who at the last assizes had been condemned to death
(we know not on what charge), but before the sentence could be
executed, a man and his daughter, the chief witnesses against him,
acknowledged their false statements and perjury, with the result that
Wardle was reprieved, but kept in confinement till the next gaol
delivery. The substance of the prisoner's petition was that the
overseers of Hartington might be ordered to assist his " wife & two
small children, the one of which hath borne since I came into this
lamentable place." The court ordered payment of one shilling a
week for the wife and children.
The next petition quoted is from the wife of a prisoner. The court
in this case ordered that the eldest boy should be apprenticed, and
that the woman should receive a shilling per week.
To the Rt Worll his Maj. Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby, at their Genii
Quarter Sessions held at Derby, Jan. 17th, 1683.
The humble petition of Elizab. Pilkington of Langley in the Parish of Heanor Humbly
sheweth That your poor pett. husband haveing the ill fortune to be drawn into Company of divers
Leud and Wicked Persons was amongst them taken & Comitted to prison, where he now
remains, leaving your poor Pett. with six very small children to the Charity of Good people,
who indeed are burdened enough with poor already, & therefore without your wor'ps Order
will neither grant your poor Pett. relief for her poor children, nor a house to hide their
heads in, whereby they may be prevented from being wandring beggars & so a scandall to

l64 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
a Christian Kingdome, These humble petition therefore of your poor Pett. is. That you in
your Great care of the poor, & Consideration of the distress of a poor undone woman, would
please to Grant your Order to the Overseers of the poor of the sd Parish, to oblidge them to
Provide your poor Pett. a house, & some mentenance sutable to so great a necessity as the
cryes of six poor babes &: a desolate woman under such circumstances requires.
And your poor Pett. (as in duty bound) shall ever pray for your Wor'ps health &
prosperity. The following petition is endorsed " heard upon a motion " : —
To ye Right Wor. his Maties Justices of ye Peace at their Quarter Sessions, houlden at
Bakewell, July ye 22nd 1684.
The humble Petition of Henry Worrall most humbly sheweth unto your worshipps
That whereas yr worshipps formerly granted several Orders for ye maintenance of yr
Petitioners children, & yor last Order of ye loth of Aprill ordered ye overseer of Holmes-
feild to pay weekly Five shillings for ye better maintenance of } or Petitioner & his children.
The payment of which they faile in paying so that for want thereof & by their threats hinder
him for haveing one to stay with him to helpe his children & pretende to take ye children
away & dispose of them as they please, which yor petitioner desires may not be, because
their usage was so ill when they had them before. And further some within Holmsfeild
forth of their ill disposition & malice against yor Petitioner u.se all meanes they can to undoo
yor Petitioner & send him to Prison for things that do not concern them, & so hinder him
both from Personally attending yor worshipps or following his occasions whereby he might
ye better look to his Children himselfe & provide necessaries for them.
Yor Petitioner therefore in most humble manner desires the Continuance of yor favours,
& that you will see that yor orders may be duly observed, & yor Petitioner will ever
pray, etc.
The minutes of the Orders of Sessions begin with 1683, and on
referring to the first volume for this case, we find that the reason of
the action of the overseers of Holmesfield in the case of Henry
Worrall, was that they disputed their liability, alleging that his
settlement was at Hathersage, where he had a house that he held on
lease. The question was argued by counsel on each side, with the
result that the court adjourned the case to the next sessions, mean
while ordering that the overseers of Holmesfield and Hathersage do
equally contribute to the maintenance of Henry Worrall and his
family. At the following Mich. Sessions, " Itt did appear to this
Court upon hearing of Councell & examination of Witnesses on both
sydes in the Cause that the said Henry Worrall his Wife & family
were last legally settled at Hathersage, Itt is therefore ordered by
this Court that the said Henry Worrall his wife & family bee setled
& provided for att Hathersage, & that Holmesfeild bee and are
discharged from them."
The earlier Orders of Sessions give a good idea of the amount of
work, now assigned to Boards of Guardians, that was transacted at
Quarter Sessions during the last part of the seventeenth century.

PETITIONS FOR RELIEF. 165
The first sessions of which there is definite record is Easter, 1683.
These are the " Orders upon Petitions " then made, twenty-one in
all:— " It is this day Ordered by the Court That the overseers of the
poore of Compton doe forth of the moneys their raised & to bee
raised for the necessary releife of the poor pay one shillinge weekly
unto Margret Attleborough, Shee beinge a poore Impotent Inhabi
tant there for her better releife & maintenance."
Belper, one penny a day in bread unto Anne, the wife of Francis
Jackson. Alderwasley, sixpence weekly unto Elizabeth Stapleton.
Denby, one shilling weekly unto Anne Snell.
Wirksworth, one shilling weekly unto Richard Browne.
Windley, sixpence weekly unto Sarah Allsibrooke, " & if the Duke
of Newcastle's gratuity faile their the said Overseers of the poor to
pay the said Sarah Allsibrooke one shilling & sixpence weekly."
Litchurch, two shillings weekly unto Anne Wright.
Kings Newton, one shilling weekly unto Mary Birch.
Repton, two shillings weekly unto Thomas Ashmore.
Youlgreave, one shilling and sixpence unto Dorothy Gregorie.
Churchbroughton, sixpence weekly unto Alice Twist, until the
overseers find her an house.
Sterndale, sixpence weekly unto Alice Robinson.
Biggin and Heathcote Quarter (Hartington), three shillings weekly
unto Sarah Woolley " untill the next Monethly meeting to bee held
for that hundred."
Sterndale, sixpence weekly unto Roger Mellor.
Sterndale, ninepence weekly unto Mary Swyndell.
Upper Quarter (Hartington), one shilling weekly unto John
Warden. Codnor, one shilling weekly unto Eleanor Carrington.
Compton and Clifton, sixpence weekly unto Robert ....
Cold Aston, one shilling weekly unto Thomas Marradin.
Ireton, two shillings weekly unto Laurence Crofts, "till they find
a convenient house for ther rent.''
Cromford, two shillings and sixpence weekly " unto the wife of
- Thomas Crooks prisoner in his Maties gaole at Derby, & all the
arrears due on the former order granted from this court."
Chaddesden, one shilling weekly unto Mary Ive, " untill the said
Overseers put forth two of the eldest Children."

l66 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1684, Henry Green, of Cowley, Dronfield,
petitioned to be made a pensioner, or to obtain relief, he having been,
according to the attestation of his friends, " a souldier in Collonell
Eyre of Hassop his Regiment, and under the command of Captain
Howard Brook for the space of fower yeares & upwards in ye service
of his late Maties being Charles ye first of ever blessed memory, &
during his service in ye late civill wars he was wounded in ye hand
& in ye knee, & is now much aged, & by reason of his Cutts &
hurts received in ye sd fower yeares service, he is now become very
lame indigent & disabled in body for any manner of work, & is
destitute of any competent substance or livelyhood, and hath ever
since he left ye sd late king's service continued faithfull to his trust
& never deserted ye same, nor ever in all his life did he take up
armes against his sd late Matie, or his Matie yt now is. But after yt
he was forced to leave ye late king's service he repayred to ye place
where he was settled before he became a souldier, which was at
Corber in this County, & hath lived there & at Cowley aforesaid ever
since, & is now a great object of pitty & charity."
On October 14th, 1687, Ellin Mellor, a widow, of Findern,
petitioned the justices for assistance, stating that the town had for
several years bestowed yearly upon her a load of coal, " which hath
been all the Charity yt has been allowed me, only this year they
have denyed me that small assistance so that I may in all likelyhood
starve for want of Fire." The court mercifully ordered her "2s.
weekly till they find her a Load of Coales."
Not infrequently, the overseers seem to have evaded the orders of
the court, or to have given less than the order specified. There are
several protests of this character extant that were presented to the
justices, of which the following will suffice as an example ; it is of
the date 1701 : —
To the Right Worshipful his Mayties Justices of the bench for the quarter Sessions.
The petition of Margaret Holmes of Kirk Ireton humbley sheweth
Whereas your worships was formerly pleased to grant me an order of one shilling weekly
to be paid by the overseers of the poore, Iddridgehay, toward the Relief of me & my two
Children, which money the have keept part back & paid me but sixpence a weeke for a
whol yeare last past soe that their is twenty six shillings behind according to the order which
they doe Deny paying for which I humbly beg of your worships Clemenceys that you would
be pleased to take my sad & deplorable Condishion into your serious consideration soe that
I may have the money which is behind & the order continued, & your poore petitioner will
for ever pray, etc.
(Ordered) To pay all the arrears & to bring ye youngest child to ye overseer & hee to
provide for him & if they refuse to provide for him then to p.iy sixpence weekly.

PETITIONS FOR RELIEF. 1 67
Just at the end of the eighteenth century several petitions reached
the Derby justices complaining that the parochial overseers, in
specified cases, were supplying paupers with bread or other victuals,
when the court had ordered money. Eventually, in 1702, the court
put a stop to this practice by passing the following stringent order.
The order is also noteworthy as it is the first instance, so far as we
are aware, of the court directing printed matter to be sent into
every parish ; the ingenuity by which the court put the cost of the
printing on the parishes is further to be admired : —
" Whereas it appeared to this court that the overseers of the Poor
of divers Parishes, Townshipps and vills in this County doe instead
of givinge weekly allowances in Money to the poor people of such
parishes Townshipps and vills force them to take weekly the same in
Bread, meale, corne, and other victualls, and thereby make a gaine to
themselves by Sellinge such Comodityes to them at much dearer
rates then if the said poor people were to buy the same in open
markett with their ready money which ought to bee paid them, to
the manifest wrong injury and oppression of such poor people and
the manifest greivance Damage and loss of the Inhabitants by the
great encrease of their Taxes thereby ; Now for the effectuall
redresse and remedy thereof ; This Court doth order and it is
Ordered by this Court that for the future all Moneys raised and to
bee raised for the Necessary reliefe of the Poor of any Townshipps,
Parishes, or vills within the County aforesaid bee paid by the
Overseers of the Poor of every respective parish Townshipp and vill
to such poor person or persons who ought to have and receive the
same in ready Moneys in Specie and not in any other thing or kind
whatsoever ; And to the end that all and every the Churchwardens
and Overseers of the poor of the said severall parishes Townshipps
and vills in this County may take notice thereof. It is further
Ordered that the Clerke of the Peace of this County, Doe cause
such a number of this our Order to bee forthwith printed and sent
to the respective head constable of every hundred in this county
and by him to bee delivered to the Churchwardens and Overseers
of the poor of every Parish Townshipp and vill in such respective
hundred that the same bee strictly observed in every p'ticular
thereof. As they will answer the contrary at their utmost p'ills,
and further ordered that the Overseers of the poore of evry Parish
Townshipp and vill doe pay to the head Constable of every their

l68 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
respective hundred upon the delivery of such Order the Sums of
One Shilling to bee by him paid over to the said clerke of the
Peace : which this Court doth allow him for his paynes and charge
herein."

MorF^bouses.
The disgraceful Statute of Vagabonds of Edward VI., to which
allusion has already been made, was in one particular more merciful
than previous legislation. It not only ordained that the aged,
crippled, and weak should be released, but also that convenient houses
should be provided for them " by the willing & charitable disposition
of the parishioners." Although this permissive legislation effected
very little, we have in this proviso the germ of the workhouse. In
the thirty-ninth year of Elizabeth's reign was passed the important
" Act for erecting Hospitals or Abiding & Working Houses for the
Poor;" but this again was only permissive, being passed with the
object of assuring benevolent founders that they might bestow lands
and moneys for such purposes wihout infringing any law or royal
privilege. But the more extended " Act for the Relief of the Poor "
of the forty-third year of the same reign, provided that convenient
dwelling places for poor persons, unable to work, might be erected
upon waste or common lands, " at the general charges of the parish."
This was the true beginning of the parish workhouse, but it should be
borne in mind that even at the end of the reign of Elizabeth, and
indeed to some extent throughout the next reign, the distinction
between the house of correction and the workhouse was not very
clear, for it was . assumed that infirmity or wilful idleness were the
only two impediments to earning a livelihood.
Some instances are given in the next sub-division, under " Habi
tations," of single houses provided by overseers, at the charge of the
parish, on waste lands ; we are now only concerned to give some
brief information with regard to workhouses or houses of industry for
the poor of one or more parishes. The county records do not give
us any information under this head earlier than the eighteenth
century ; in fact, there was nothing in Derbyshire that would cor
respond to our idea of a workhouse or poor house for a number
of paupers of an earlier date, unless it may have been in the
boroughs of Derby or Chesterfield.

WORKHOUSES. 1 69
The year 1724 made an important step in advance in the question
of workhouses.* Full sanction was then given to the churchwardens
and overseers of any parish, with the consent of the majority of the
parishioners in vestry assembled, to purchase or hire any house or
houses in the parish, and to contract with persons for the lodging,
employing, and keeping of poor persons. In case any poor person
should refuse to be thus lodged and maintained, such person was to
be struck out of the parish books, and was not entitled to relief More
over, the same Act empowered two or more small parishes, with the
sanction of a justice, to unite in purchasing or hiring houses for such
a purpose. Workhouses, in which the poor were cared for by a
contractor, soon began to be erected.
By 1732, there were sixty such houses in the provinces, chiefly in
towns, in addition to about fifty within the Metropolitan area. But the
clause for amalgamating small parishes was slower in being carried
into effect.
In 1733, the overseers of the poor of the two townships of Offcote
and Underwood, in the extensive parish of Ashbourne, threw four
cottages, that had been erected on the waste for the use of individual
paupers or their families, into one, making it a common poorhouse
for those townships.
The first instance of the common action of various parishes and
townships in providing a workhouse, occurred, we believe, in the year
1738, when the churchwardens and overseers of Dale Abbey,
Stanton-by-Dale, Sandiacre, Risley, Wilne, Breaston, Draycott, Wilne
Mills, Ilkeston, Little Hallam, Stanley, and Mapperley united to
build " a certain cottage workhouse or place for the inhabitation &
employing the poor of & belonging to the said severall parishes &
townes upon a certain common or moor called Dale or Stanton Moor."
There is a record of this with the sessional papers, because in such
a case the consent of the lord or lords of the manor, where the
building was situate, was required, and such consent had to be
deposited with the clerk of the peace. This formal consent is
signed and sealed by the Honble. Harry Lord Grey and John
Stanhope, Esq., who were lords of the manors of Dale and Stanton,
under date October i6th, 1738.
A workhouse, or House of Industry, in accordance with the
provisions of 9 George I., was established at Winster, in 1744, of
* 9 George I., c. "J.

I70 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
which due entry, together with a copy of the rules, is made among
the Orders of the Epiph. Sessions of that year.
The following are the rules : —
First. That a proper person shall yearly be fixed on who shall see
that the Poor have their provisions in a decent manner three times a
day & shall be supplyed with moneys by the Overseers to buy in the
same and proper materials for setting the poor on Work, and such
persons shall have the care and custody thereof and shall keep a Book
wherein Entrys shall be distinctly made of ye same as well of the
provisions as the materials to be manufactured and also a distinct
account of the gain made by such materials and the weekly expence
of the house and make a true ballance thereof [James Johnson
appointed for the year at a salary of ;^io per annum.]
2dly. There shall be made weekly by the Governors of the
House a weekly Bill of Fare which shall be delivered to the said
James Johnson and his successors for the time being.
3dly. The Chappel- Wardens and Overseers of the poor for the
time being and three of the Inhabitants of the Hamlett aforesaid
who shall be chosen every year on Easter Monday shall be the
Governors and inspector of the said house some one of whom shall
visit the same every day by himself or deputy to be chosen out of
that number or shall forfeit sixpence for every default to be disposed
as the majority of the said Governors shall direct.
4thly. That all proper Inquirys shall be made by the Visitor of
the day touching the behaviour of the family and if there are any
complaints they shall be minuted down in a paper kept for that
purpose. 5thly. That all the Governors shall meet every Saturday at 3
o'clock to advise up the last week's minutes and accounts under
penalty of sixpence for absence without reasonable excuse.
6thly. All Bills shall be discharged every Month.
7thly. When any of the poor be employed out of the house the
Overseer shall take the benefit of their work for their better
maintenance and relief
8thly. None of the poor shall be permitted to wander up and
down the streets but be kept within the said House.
9thly. No persons shall be allowed any relief out of the house
unless in Sickness or on some very extraordinary occasion.
Another permission of a lord of the manor for the erection of a
workhouse, filed by the clerk of the peace, is one duly signed and

WORKHOUSES. 171
sealed by Sir William Fitzherbert. It is very brief and runs as
follows : — " I do allow ye Overseers of the Poor of Tissington to
Build and they and their Successors to have and enjoy a Poors House
at a Place called Farfield Gate in Tissington, given under my hand
and seal as Lord of ye Mannour of Tissington this 7th day of Octr.
1753. Wm. P"itzherbert."
A large bathing house with lodgings adjacent, what in modern
parlance would be termed a " hydropathic establishment," was erected
at Ashover in the reign of Queen Anne, with the hopes that the
attractions of the waters in that beautiful valley might rival the baths
of Buxton or Matlock ; but the hopes of the promoters were dis
appointed, and its walls stood bare and tenantless for more than half
a century. It was this gaunt empty building that gave rise to the
formation in 1767 of the largest amalgamation of parishes that the
Poor Law had up to that date known, and which soon embraced an
area wider than many of the " Unions" of the Act of 1834. The
building was originally purchased, adapted, and enlarged by the
parishes of Ashover, Matlock, and Darley. The parish officers of all
the surrounding districts were invited, by a printed list of rules and
proportionate payments, to send their paupers there to be lodged,
fed, and employed. In the year 1800, there were no less than sixty
subscribing parishes. The following parishes (forty-two in all) were
those who formed this Ashover permissive Union immediately prior
to the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act : — Ashover, Baslow,
Beighton, Bolsover, Brampton, Little Chester, Cromford, Darley,
Dronfield, Eckington, Edensor, Glapwell, Hasland, Horsley, Horsley
Woodhouse, Kilburn, Killamarsh, Longston, Matlock, Middleton,
Newbold, South Normanton, Norton, Pilsley, Pentrich, Pinxton,
Ripley, Shirland, Shottle, Scarcliffe, Smalley, Stretton, Sutton, Tib
shelf, Tupton, Unston, Walton, Wensley, Whittington, Williamthorpe,
South Winfield, and Wingerworth.
Three important volumes were published in 1797 by Sir F. M.
Eden on The State of the Poor in England. In addition to an
historical disquisition on the subject and various recommendations,
the work included careful returns from all the principal centres of
population in the different counties, made up for the most part to the
year 1795. From the second of these volumes, we gather that there
were then 36 paupers in the workhouse of the parish of St.
Alkmund's, Derby, 53 in that of All Saints', 39 in St. Peter's, and 24
in St. Werburgh's. St. Alkmund's is described as the best poor

172 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
house in Derby, as it was airy, very clean, and well provided with
good feather beds ! At Chesterfield, there were 31 inmates of the
workhouse ; the occupants were chiefly employed in spinning lint and
wool. There were at the same time 28 paupers in the Wirksworth
workhouse. In 1802, an agreement was made for uniting for Poor Law purposes
the parishes and townships of Rosliston, Stretton-en-le- Fields, Cauld-
well, Linton, Coton-in-the-Elms, and Croxall, within the hundred of
Repton and Gresley, in accordance with the provisions of an Act of
1782, whereby the Act of 9 George I. was amended. The agreement
recites that they unite for the purpose of " the better maintaining and
employing their poor, and that a convenient House or Houses with
proper buildings and accommodations thereto, and with land fit for
Gardens Orchards and the keeping of a Cow or Cows shall be
built purchased or hired at or near Rosliston."
A workhouse or house of industry on a large scale was established
at Shardlow in the year 1816, by special Act of Parliament, which
was a forerunner of the future Unions, inasmuch as it did not observe
county limits, but included several adjacent parishes and townships
in the counties of Leicester and Nottingham, as well as many in the
county of Derby.
At last, in 1834, the Poor Law Amendment Act, the chief feature
of which was the obligatory forming of Unions and Union Work
houses was passed, and was amended in 1836, 1838, 1846, and 1847.

Ibabitations.
By the 39th of Elizabeth, the churchwardens and overseers were
ordered, for the relief of the impotent poor, to build convenient
houses at the charge of the parish, but only with the consent of the
lord of the manor. In such cottages they might place single inmates,
families, or more families than one. The 43rd of Elizabeth re-enacted
this section, and added that such buildings should not at any time
afterwards be used for any other habitation, but only for the impotent
poor, who were to be placed there from time to time by the church
wardens and overseers. Appeal was often made to Quarter Sessions
to compel the parish authorities to carry out the above sections, or in
other ways to provide shelter for the poor. On the other hand, houses

HABITATIONS. 1 73
that were in any way likely to be burdensome to a parish could not
be erected without a sessional order.
On April 20th, 1639, the court received the following application : —
" Right Worll may it please you that Mathew Bagshawe hath moved
Sr Thomas Hutchenson, Mr. Manner, Mr. George Columbell junr,
and Mr. Richard Senior to erect a house in a croft where hath
formerlie been an ancient Cottage the sayd Sr Thomas hath thought
it fit that the sayd Mathew Bagshaw should request the worll Bench
that hee might build him a house in Derby because hee hath been an
ancient Inhabitant and now is destitute of a house. That much wee
thought good to certifie you that you would be a means whereby this
poore man may have an order from the bench to build a House and
so wee humbly take our leave and rest
yr lovinge neighbours John Manners
George Columbell Junior
Ric. Senior."
At the Easter Sessions, 1649, held at Derby, there were several
petitions from paupers as to habitations. William Shepherd, a poor
man, who had lived for forty years at Duffield, " now destitute of
habitation by reason of age and want," applied to the court, with the
result that the overseers were ordered " forthwith to provide him a
habitation and something towards his maintenance," unless they were
able to show good cause to the contrary at the next sessions. A
postscript to the order adds — " and in case the Townsmen refuse they
(the overseers) to be bound." At the same court a petition was
received from Elizabeth Shepherd, of Windley, in the parish of
Duffield, in which she alleged that she " was in possession of a
Certayne Cottage situate in Chevin, which was pulled downe and
taken away by the Inhabitants of Dooeffeild, shee left without
habitation and hath soe Continued Twelve months at the least, shee
being borne in Windley and hath two small children," she therefore
prayed that the inhabitants of Duffield, of Windley, of Hazelwood,
or of the whole parish should find her a homestead, leaving the choice
of the four alternatives to the wisdom of the bench. The case was
adjourned to enable the inhabitants of Duffield to reply.
At the Trans. Sessions of the same year, the overseers of Duffield
successfully raised the technical objection that Elizabeth Shepherd
was married, and that a woman's petition could only proceed from a
spinster or a widow.

174 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Meanwhile, Elizabeth Shepherd's claim to consideration increased,
for another child was born to her, and at the Mich. Sessions, an
amended petition in the name of her husband and herself was duly
presented. It runs as follows : —
To the Right WorpfuU Justices of the Peace for this County of Derby now assembled in
ope Courte of Sessions
The humble petition of Raph Shepherd and Elizabeth his wife
Sheweth That Whereas your petitioner Elizabeth was borne in Windley and haveinge built a cottage
upon Chevin Comon was first forceably thrust out of the same afterwards the buildinge
pulled downe & Timber carried away by the Inhabitants of Duffield, since wch tyme your
petitioner & her three small Children have beene without any habitation.
May it therefore please this Courte the premisses considered to order that the Inhabitants
of Windeley Turneditch & Haselwood may finde your petitioner & her Children a habitation
Mr. Gregson & many others beinge very willinge to doe the same but some other p'sons
refuse unlesse it be ordered by Courte of Sessions & your petitioners & theires will dayly pray.
It is pleasant to be able to record tiiat the court decided that " The
overseers are to find him habitation or show cause to next Justice
forthwith." The Commonwealth papers afford another example of this destruc
tion of cottages on the waste, the destruction being doubtless intended
to keep down the poor rates. In the year 1650, the following petition
was presented : —
To the worpll the Justices of Peace for this County of Derby The humble petition of
George Boothe of Chalsworth (Charlesworth in Glossop parish)
Humbly Sheweth
That your petitioner havinge a wife & foure children & being destitute of a habitation for
himself or them did in May last with ye consent of all his neighbours (one onely excepted)
& with ye fruites of his owne labour erect a Cottage on the waste of ye Countesse of
Arundell, & had the same pulled downe by the malice & envye of Thomas Boothe, tending
to ye utter undoing of him & their familye.
Your petitioner therefore humbly prayeth that he may wHth ye consent of his neighbours
(& not otherwise) be admitted to rebuild the same at his proper Costes & Charges
And your petitioner shall ever pray
The court ordered " Thomas Booth to rebuild or to be conveicted
and bound to good behaviour."
In the same year two petitions were presented from Melbourne
parish addressed " To the right worll Gervayse Bennet Esquire and to
ye rest of ye Justices of peace at Derby." The first was from
Margaret Clark, who alleged that she was " an aged woman by reson
wherof she had falne into a most extreame want and povertie," had
lived all her life in Melbourne, and was then "in great want of har
bour, for the house she now lives in the one parte is falne downe and
the other parte is in great dainger to fall down on her head, neither
will it keep her dry to her utter undoeing." The petitioner proceeded

HABITATIONS. I75
to state that she had frequently made her complaints both to the
churchwardens and overseers, but that she could obtain no redress.
The court ordered that " the petitioner have vjd. per week allowed
which is to be pd. till next sessions and further order taken."
The other petition was from Thomasin More, of King's Newton,
aged 77, who was " constrained to ly in a house wch hath no cover
in any parte thereon, but onely a rotten Chamber flore, by reson
whereof and for want of food and rayment and other necessaries your
poor petitioner is in a most miserable condition.'' Thomasin also
stated that she had applied to the parish officials, but they
were " regardless of her miseries," and would not provide a house.
The poor woman further alleged that she " was for want of a house
forced to ly 15 weekes under a hedge." The order made in this case
is not recorded on the petition.
The next instances of these petitions for houses that we are able to
quote occur at the end of the reign of Charles II. At the sessions
held at Derby on April 17th, 1683, the following petition was
presented, written in an excellent hand by the petitioner herself, who
had evidently seen better days : —
The Humble Petition of An Peach a poor disconsolate widow of Ripley in ye Parrish of
Pentridge truly sheweth. That your Petitioner hath beene Harborlesse since Candlemasse
last, that she hathe frequently importuned the Overseers & the Officials & principall
Inhabitants of Ripley to find her an house wch they obstinately refuse to doe ; that your
Petr has bin a widow above 9 years, left wth a young child that is Lame, & altogether
disabled to gett his Liveing, that your Pet. is far remote from all relatives, brought (up) a
considerable person, & for above 9 years hath by her owne Industry maintained herselfe &
lame child, that she hath sould & pawned all she hath, exhausted her Fortune, is in above
£t, in Debt, & hath sould yevry cloathes of her back & the gloves of her hands to support
her impotent child, that she can gett no work, hath neither money creditt nor harbour, &
is in great danger to perish without your Assistance be timely vouchsafed. May it please
your good Worships to grant her a house to Lodge in, or such a competent sum weekly as
you think fitt.
And your petitioner will pray etc. An Peach.
The court ordered the overseers to find her a house and one
shilling weekly until further order.
Another curious habitation struggle came before the court in the
next year, as shown by the following petition : —
The humble petition of Mary Machant of Youldgreave.
To his majesties Justices of ye peace at ye generall Quarter Sessions holden at Bakewell
July 22th 1684.
Sheweth whereas your petitioner livinge in good estimation And repute for many years together :
being very Carefull to maintaine herself: And family for being prejudice to ye sd Towne ; ye
petitioners husband beinge abroad and driven Away ; and returninge not backe Againe

176 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
to her leaveinge ye petitioner wth A little girle : beinge In want was put into a little Cottagge
by & wth ye Consent of ye sd Towne : ye sd Owner of ye sd Tenement comeinge when ye
petitioner was gon forth to worke leaveinge her girle in ye sd house : ye sd Owner get a
locke And Key upp on ye door, where as your petitioner cannot Injoy her habitation wth
peace & quietness : soe yt your petitioner is likely to starve for want of A habitation & child
wth all wthout your worshipps speedy good Assistance : & yt forth of your clemency and
goodness : ye would vouchsafe : to Comiserate her deplorable condition and grant Order to
your petitioner to whereas she may have a habitation wth peace & quietness : who ever
will pray for your worshipps long life : by mee Mary Machant.
The petitions of those who had erected habitations on the waste
were not always fully granted by the court. In 1689, one William
MaTrison, a labourer, of Dronfield, petitioned the justices, stating that
he had been warned several times by his landlord to provide himself
with another house, and at last his landlord " threatened to pull ye
thack of, in wch great strait he made his moane to a friend who was
willing to trust him with wood for a house on ye waste, the freeholds
of Stubly and Woodhouse being willing, and he had got it up and
had lodged in it two nights, when some -people of Dronfield went to
it and pulled it down to ye ground where his wife had been murdred
if he had not got her out." He prayed that he might have harbour,
having been reduced to poverty by much sickness. In this case the
court took the exceptional course of ordering the overseers to find
him I2S. yearly, out of which he was to pay his house rent.
In 1692 Sessional Orders were made on the overseers of Brad way
to build a house for Richard Moody on Bradway Green, after license
from the lord of the manor, and on the overseer of Brailsford to build
a house on Nether Heath for John Gadesby under like conditions.
Complaints having several times been made of the squalid nature of
these overseer-built houses that were insisted on by the justices, the
court took care to prescribe the actual size and other details. In
1693 the overseers of Shipley were ordered to build a house on the
waste there for Archelaus Braylsford, which was to contain " two
chambers floored fit for lodgings," or in default the then great sum
of 5s. per week. At the following adjourned sessions, the question
of Archelaus's house again came up, and the court insisted that it
was to be "a convenient habitation, twelve foot high upon tlie side
walls soe as to make two convenient Chambers."
At Easter Sessions, 1731, John Frost, of Kirk Ireton, was indicted
by the .parish for erecting a cottage on the waste. He expressed
himself as ready to submit to a fine, and was fined one shilling,
which was handed over to the parish I

APPRENTICES. 1 77
In 1737. a petition signed by Samuel Davison, rector, by the
churchwardens, overseers, and thirteen other inhabitants of Dalbury,
was presented to "Dame Elizabeth Sleigh Lady of the Manor of
Dalbury and Dalbury Lees,'' praying for leave to erect a cottage on
the waste for Henry Maulton, a poor man, settled as an inhabitant
of Dalbury, with wife and three children. This petition, and the
formal consent of Dame Elizabeth, under her hand and seal, dated
June nth, 1737, "provided that an order of Sessions be procured
according to law for confirming thereof," are enrolled among the
county papers.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1743, the overseers of Scarcliffe obtained
authority from the court to build no less than ten cottages for the
poor on different parts of the waste, and the formal sanction of Lord
Bathurst, as lord of the manor, was handed in " on treble sixpenny
stamped paper."
The subject could be pursued further, but enough has been given
to show the working of the habitation clauses of the old poor law.

apprentices.
The jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions in connection with the ques
tion of apprentices was considerable. An early statute of Elizabeth*
provided that if any master illtreated an apprentice, or if any
apprentice neglected his duty, that the complainant was to resort to
a justice of the peace, but if the justice could not make such order
as should bring about agreement, then they should be bound over
to appear at the next sessions. This statute not only gave to the
Court power of correcting the apprentice, but also of discharging
the apprenticeship, in which case the cause in writing was to be
enrolled by the clerk of the peace. The order for discharge of
apprenticeship had to be under the hand and seal of at least four
justices. This Act, and the numerous Acts by which it was
amended, t brought a variety of these cases before the Derbyshire
court, and a large number of cancelled apprentice indentures are to
be found among the records. The later Acts allowed two justices
* 5 Elizabeth, u. 4.
t 43 Elizabeth, c. 2 ; l James I., c. 25 ; 7 James I., c. 3 ; 8 and 9 William and Mary,
c. 30 ; 2 and 3 Anne, c. 6 ; 4 Anne, c. 19; 17 George II., c. 5 ; and 18 George III., c. 47.
13

178 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
in certain cases to cancel indentures, provided that the indenture,
endorsed with the reason for cancelling, was returned to the next
sessions. One of the most usual forms of charity from well-disposed persons
subsequent to the Reformation was the giving money in their lifetime,
or leaving it by will for binding out the children of the poor of both
sexes as apprentices. The Act of 7 James I., c. 3, specially deals with
these bequests. A very large number of the Derbyshire apprentices
entered into their indentures through these bequests and parochial
charities, and in such cases the overseers of the poor had to act for
the parish. But these apprentices had nothing really to do with the
Poor Law, and must be distinguished from the parish apprentices,
who were bound out of the parish rates, and as a part of the system
of Poor Law relief to destitution.
The phraseology and terms of the Indentures of Apprenticeship,
even as late as the time of Anne, when printed forms for filling up
began to be used, are so quaint that a copy of one is given in extenso,
which is an instance of an apprentice bound by charity : —
This Indenture Witnesseth that Robt. Heatherly of Repton in ye County of Derby hath
put himselfe Apprentice to Thomas Mills of Repton & in ye County aforesaid Taylor And
with him after the manner of an Apprentice to serve from seven years from thence next
ensuing fully to be compleat & ending during which terme the said Apprentice his sd Master
faithfully shall & will serve his servers keep his lawfuU Commands every where gladly doe he
doe no damage to his sd Master nor see it to be done of others but to his power shall let or
forthwith give notice to his sd Master of the same The goods of his sd Master he shall not
waste nor the same without by cause of him to any give or lend Hurt to his sd Master he
shall not doe cause or procure to be done He shall neither buy nor sell without his Master's
lycense Taverns Inns or Alehouses he shall not haunt At cards dice tables or any other
unlawful games he shall not play Fornication he shall not commit nor Matrimony shall he
contract within ye sd Terme nor from the service of his said Master day nor night absent
himselfe but in aU things as an honest & faithful Apprentice shaU & will demean & behave
himselfe towards his Master and all his during the sd terme And the said Master his sd
Apprentice in the Art mistery or occupation of a Taylor which he now us=th shall teach &
instruct or cause to be taught & informed the best way and manner that he can finding &
allowing his said Apprentice wholesome meat drink washing & Lodging befitting an
Apprentice, & also giving him ye mending & making his clothes at his Mother's house during
ye said Term And for the true performance of all and every ye sd covenants & agreements
either of ye sd parties abovesaid bindeth himselfe unto the other firmely by these presents
In Witnesse whereof the said parties to these Indentures Interchangeably have sett their
hands and scales the Twenty Fifth day of March in the ninth year of the Reigne of
Soveraigne Lady Anne by the grace of God of Great Brittain & France & Ireland Queen
Defender of ye faith, etc., Annoque dne, 1710.
„ , , , Robert Heatherly. f c„,, I
Seal and delivered in ye presence of I seal, i
John Bower, Churchwarden. ^>^_>^
William Gamble, Churchwarden. This boy within named is set out at ye
Thomas Gilbert, Overseer. charge of Mr. Thomas Hindley of Newbold.

APPRENTICES. 1 79
The cadence, quaint arrangement, and phraseology of the
sentences, in the part of the old Apprenticeship indenture that
deals with the duty of the Apprentice, yields obvious proof (like
the betrothal words of our marriage service) of considerable
age, that is of the time when there was but little learning, and
the part that had to be recited was so composed as readily to
strike the memory.
The form for binding a regular parish apprentice differed
materially from the one just cited. The earliest example of a
printed form of this character that we have found among the
county papers is the following one of the year 1739 : —
This Indenture made the seventh day of November in the Thirteenth Year of the Reign
of our Sovereign Lord George the Second of Great Britain etc Annoque Dom 1739,
Between John Chowlerton James Flixson Thomas Eley & Samuel Smith, Churchwardens &
Overseers of the Poor of Chaddesden in the said County of Derby on the one part, & George
Bosworth of Spondon in ye County of Derby Framework Knitter on the other part,
Witnesseth that the said Churchwardens & Overseers of the Poor, with the Consent &
Allowance of two of his Majesties Justices of the Peace for the said County, Have Put,
Placed, & Bond, and these Presents do Put, Place, & Bind Joseph Barker, son of Joseph
Barker a poor child for the Township of Chaddesden aforesaid, aged about Thirteen years,
as an Apprentice with the said George Bosworth to dwell from the day of the date of these
Presents until the said Apprentice shall attain the age of Twenty one Years according to the
Statute in that Case made & provided. During all which time the said Apprentice shall
His said Master faithfully & obediently serve, & in all Things dutifully behave himself to him
and his Family, as doth become such a Servant. And the said George Bosworth for his
part doth hereby Covenant, Promise, & agree to & with the said Churchwardens & Overseers
of the Poor, and their Successors, That he the said Master shall his said Apprentice Instruct
(or cause to be Instructed) in some honest Calling Trade & Imployment , and shall at all
Times, during the said Term, find & provide for him sufficient Meat, Drink, Washing
& Lodging, & all sorts of Apparel, and all other Things meet & necessary for such an
Apprentice during the said Term, And for ye inconsideration of which the said
Churchwardens & Overseers shall pay or cause to be paid unto ye said Master The sum
of Three pounds of Current money at or before the twenty-fifth day of December next
following. In Witness whereof, the Parties abovenamed have interchangeably to these Indentures
set their Hands and Seals the Day & Year first above written.
George Bosworth Jno Chowlerton \
Joseph Barker James Flixon I Churchwardens
X his mark X his mark )
Samuel Wallace ) ,-,
> Overseers.
Sealed and delivered in the Sam Smith j
Presence of Peter Hough.
Approved of and allowed by us his
Majesties Justices of the Peace for
the said County whose names are
hereunto subscribed R. Wilmot
G. Pole

l8o THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Among the reasons assigned by the Justices in their endorsements
for cancelling parish indentures are " beating without cause or provo
cation" (1791), and several of about that date for bad treatment;
on the other hand, masters obtained the cancelling, in 1795, of a
female apprentice " disordered in her eyes," and of a youth for
" divers misdemeanours and particularly of running away and being
guilty of felony." This girl apprentice had been bound till she
was twenty-one or till the day of her marriage.
In 1796, one Anne Redgate was bound apprentice to Francis
Parker, framework knitter, of Shirland, when only eight years old ;
but was released from her indentures on October 13th, 1797, owing
to her master " misusing and illtreating " her ; at the same time the
justices released two other pauper girls from the same thraldom for
the like and worse reasons, Mary Redgate, who was then fifteen,
and had been his apprentice for five years, and Martha Story, of
a like age, who Iiad been apprenticed but for one year.

Xunatics.
Till the end of last century lunatics were treated with the most
cruel severity. They were commonly chained in a corner of the
parish poor-house or of the district house of correction, and if very
violent were sometimes sent to the county gaol, although not felons.
The following are some of the references to Derbyshire lunacy of the
seventeenth century.
Trans. Sessions, 1685 : —
Upon complaynt made to this Court that John Norton an Inhabitant of Burton upon
Trent a frantique and distracted person being come to Ashborne in this County & that hee
might bee hurtfull to his Maties Subjects if care was not speedily taken for his security, Itt
is ordered that the Mr of the House of Correction in Ashborne forthwith take the said John
Norton into his Care & Custody and him safely keepe till hee bee recovered of his said
frenzy And further Ordered that in case the said John Norton bee incapacitated to work for
his maintenance the Overseers of the poore of Ashborne are to provide for him during such
his Imprisonment according to Lawe.
Mich. Sessions, 1688 : —
Upon the Petition of the Gaoler & the Prisoners in the County gaole read in Court setting
forth that one Richard Johnson a prisoner in the said Gaole was & is Lunaticke & very
quarrelsome & that they were in danger of theire Lives of him And it alsoe further
appearinge that hee was Imprisoned at the suite of one John Ibutson by contrivance of Mr.
Richard Whilby his Brother in Lawe. And that the said Richard Whilby being possessed

LUNATICS. l8l
of Johnson's Estate ought to mai.nteyne him. And it alsoe appearinge that the said Whitby
had notice from Sr. Symon Degge to appear at this p'sent Sessions at Chesterfeild to shew
cause why the said Johnson was soe deteyned & why hee did not allowe him sufficient
mainteyance It is ordered by this Court that the said Richard Whitby appear upon the
adjournment of this Sessions to bee held at Derby the fourteenth of this instant October,
& then shewe cause if hee can for what cause the said Johnson is deteyned & why hee does
not provide for him And in Case the said Richard Whitby does not appeare as aforesaid
this Court will then proceed to make such order therein as shall bee agreable to Lawe &
Justice. Easter Sessions, 1689: —
Whereas one Thomas Whyte of Great Longston a Lunaticke was conveyed to the Comon
Goale of this County to bee safely kept there And upon complaint of the Gaoler that hee
was troublesome to the Prisoners in the Gaole And that place very unfit for the custody of
such persons And upon hearinge Mr. Ralph Adderley on behalfe of the Inhabitants of
Longstone in the matter It is ordered that the master of the house of correction in
Ashbourne doe at his own charges forthwith remove the said Thomas White from the
Comon Gaole aforesaid to the House of Correction in Ashbourne there to remaine till
further order, & that the overseers of Great Longston pay two shillinges weekly for his
maintenance.

SECTION VIII.— ECONOMICAL.

->+*+<—

Prices of Corn. Clerk of the Market. Weights and
Balances. Hemp and Flax. Wool Winders. Cotton
Mills. Bridges. Highways. Canals. Railways. Rates
OF Carriage. Rates of Wages. Civil Disputes. Drovers,
Badgers, Swailers, and Hucksters. Recognisances.
Alehouses.

SECTION VIII.— ECONOMICAL.

prices of Corn.
Forestalling the market, especially with regard to such a necessary
of life as corn, was made a criminal offence by statutes of Henry III.,
Edward III., and Richard II. The elaborate statute of $ and 6
Edward VI., c. 14, supported and extended by $ Elizabeth, c. 12,
and 13 Elizabeth, c. 25, defines various market offences of this
character by three names. Forestalling was described to be the
buying or contracting for any merchandise or victual coming in the
way to the market ; or dissuading persons from bringing their goods
or provisions there ; or persuading them to enhance the price when
there. Regrating was described, by the same statute, as the buying
of corn or other dead victual, in any market, and selling it again in
the same market or within fotir miles of the place of purchase.
Engrossing was described to be the getting possession of, or
buying of large quantities of corn or other dead victual, with intent
to sell them again. The object of these statutes was excellent,
and intended to keep down the price of provisions within a
moderate profit, but they proved so restrictive and vexatious that
they were repealed by 12 George III., c. 71. Nevertheless, in
common law, the practices described under these three terms, if
carried on to an extent manifestly injurious to the public, would
be regarded as offences.
Queen Elizabeth and her Council were frequently engaged in
attempts to artificially regulate and control the corn markets of the
provinces. In the autumn of 1576, the lords of the Council forwarded

l86 three centuries of DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the following interesting despatch on this subject to the sheriff and
justices of the county of Derby : — *
After our hartie commendations The Queenes Matie understanding here that of late the
prices of graine are somewhat risen in sonderie partes of the realm rather by the gredie
practices of some private persons uncharitablie seekinge theire owne gaine then any great
necess'tie or lacke of graine Hath thought meete to prevent soche inconvenience as myght in
tyme ensew by some good order to be taken generally at the beginninge which yf they
shal be by you executed accordinglie there is no doubt but that this matter wilbe easelie
remedied & the whole realme sufficientlie provided for And whereas it is by some thought
that the graunte of certin licenses for transportation of graine into the partes beyond the
seas is a cause of the raisinge of the prices & that scarcetie & dearth among her Mats subjects
may thereupon foUowe Her Heighnes pleasure & straight commandment is that under
pretence of anie license whatsoever although we knowe of none latelie graunted or intended
without our special letters none be transported exceptd it shal be in soche places where it
may be spared from porte to porte upon such good bondes & sureties as heretofore the
justices & other officers of those partes have ben directed to take of such as shall have
charge for the provision of the same for other places, nor any carryed out of the sheres
unles it shalbe for the furniture of other marketts & sheres adjoyninge which have ben
accustomed to be served & furnished from thence But besides this the greatest cause that
we generally finde throughout the realme whic the prices be so risen is that diverse
havinge sufficient graine of their owne grooth nevertheles are suffered to buy up great
quantities in the marketts under the coUor of buyinge of seede Comonlie to engrosse
the same upon hope of dearth to seU it att what price they list agains And further that
soche an excessive number of Badgers & Lodes is saied by inordinate licenses to be
toUerated in everie shere upon speciall or rather partiall favor of some justice of peace
to their owne servants or tenantes being persons not qualefied accordinge to the statute
as that therebie the marketts are not dewlie served & the prices enhanced And albeit
wee remember heretofore to have written sonderie letters at dyverse tymes unto you &
other sheres of this realme to have a more care thereof yet we here that there hathe
not ben soche an observation & execution thereof or at the least since some seasonable
order taken therein the nomber hathe ben increased & therewith the inconvenience
followed as we are sorie to here of Wherefore we shall desire you upon some meetinge
together to be holden as soon as convenientlie may be to advise of some means which
you shall think best that some uniform order be taken throughout the hole shere that
none beinge knowen to have sufficient graine of their owne grooth be suffered to buy
any soch quantities in the marketts to sell them againe under the coUor above mentioned
but that every soche person according to the good customes of this Realme bring as moche
to the marketts to be solde as he shall buy att the same markett And also as you shall se
cause & nede so to requier to give order to searche that soche persons as shall be knowen to
have a greater quantitie then shall suffice their owne householde bringe forthe the remainder
to be solde in the marketts at tymes reasonable to be by you apointed And touchinge Badgers
Brogers & Laders of Corne at yor saide metinge you shall cause accordinge to your dis-
creations the unnecessarie nomber of them to be restrained & none hereafter admitted but
soche as are qualefied accordinge to the wordes of the late Statute & able to put in good
bondes & sureties to her Mat's use that they shall use that trade accordinge to her Mats lawes
And of the contents of this our letter we requier you to give notice as so specially directed
from us to the officers of the previledged places & liberties within that shere whatsoever to
the entent they may continue with you in one uniforme order of the observation & execution
of the premises in soche sorte as we have particulerlie written unto them hereabouts or they
will upon their perils answer to the contrarie And because we have great care of theis
* Belvoir MSS., Vol. iv., f. 109.

PRICES OF CORN. 187
matter we shall desier you to certifie us particularlie from tyme to tyme of your doinge in this
behalfe And so we bid you hartely farewell. From Hampton Court this xxiiij day of
October 1576 Your loving frindes W. Burghley
[& nine others]
The receipt of this letter was acknowledged on October 29th by
John Manners, and was by him passed on in succession to the following
Derbyshire justices, who each made acknowledgment by his signature
of the letter having reached him together with the date of its arrival : —
Francis Curzon, Sir John Zouche, Sir Francis Leeke, John Harpur,
Ralph Sacheverell, John Francis, Sir Humphrey Bradburne, Sir
Thomas Cokayne, Nicholas Browne, Thomas Knyveton, Godfrey
Foljambe, Anthony Gell, and James Hardwicke.
In 1586-7 several other communications of a like character were
received in Derbyshire ; and these were not mere circular letters sent
to all counties alike, but only to counties where there seemed at the
time to be real distress. In that season the price of wheat was greatly
exalted, reaching a point in the spring that was unprecedented in the
previous years of Elizabeth. Wheat actually reached, in Derbyshire
and adjacent counties, the great price of 65s. a quarter.
The year 1596, with other two or three adjacent years, forms
another almost famine period, owing, it is said, to continuous wet
seasons. Corn was again sold in Derbyshire at upwards of 60s. a
quarter. On October 27th, 1596, the Justices of Assize, Sir Edward
Anderson and Mr. Justice Clench, wrote to the justices of the peace
for Derbyshire, reminding them of their duties with regard to the
regulation of the supply and price of corn at their markets.
In the summer of 1600, the price of corn in Derbyshire was again
abnormally high. On June ist, in a despatch from Greenwich signed
by six of the lords, with signet attached, the Council direct the
Derbyshire justices to take measures to abate the high price of corn
in their shire. Among the Belvoir MSS. is a letter from John
Willoughby, Thomas Gresley, and John Bentley, dated Derby, June
25th, addressed to John Manners, then acting as lieutenant, stating
the measures they had adopted. On June 30th, two of the justices,
John Manners and William Jessop, ordered William Bowden, high
constable of High Peak, to summon a jury at Bakewell on July 14th
to take into consideration the letter from the Lords of the Council
concerning the high price of corn. On October 26th, of the same
year, the Council again sent a despatch to the Sheriff and the rest of

1 88 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the justices of Derbyshire, from the court at Richmond, giving direc
tions for preventing the high price of corn and other grain food.'''
The corn crop of 162 1-2 was deficient and the season wet, and a
second season of a like character in 1622-3 made the prices rise
considerably throughout England.! The Council instructed the
sheriff to take active measures to abate the distress; The following
communication from the sheriff to the Secretary of State, enclosing
a letter and certificates from the hundred of Morleston and Litchurch
and Borough of Derby, is of considerable interest : —
May it please yor honors
According to your Honr Directions and appointment in a Book of orders lately exhibited
by his Matie to his highness' Justices of Peace within the County of Derby to be putt in
execution for the preventinge and remedieinge of the dearth of grayne and other Victualls I
have receaved from some of his Maties Justices within the said Countie as also from the
Towne of Derby certificates of their proceedings in that service such said Certificate being
all that are as yett come to my hand. I have herein enclosed & accordingly have sent them
unto your Honour And being ready & willinge to performe that & whatsoever other service
shall by your honors be given me in charge I humbly take leave & rest
Your honors to be commanded in all dutifuU obedience
Morley 21 Aprilis Anno Dom 1623. J^""^*' Sacheverell.
[Enclosure.]
To the worll Jacinthe Sacheverell esquire highe sherive of the County of Derbye
According to a book of orders for the preventing of the dearth of corne we did a\ point
within our division or hundred of Morleston & Litchurche a competent number of substantiall
& discreet persons who upon diligent search have certified us of all the particular quantities
of corne & grayne within the said devision which in their judgements may well be spared
by the owners thereof for the furnishinge of the Markett over and above their needful
occasions for seede & servinge of their famylees until the ende of harvest next : And we wth
all convenyent speede after the receipt of the presentments have given order for the said
corne & grayne (the severall quantytyes whereof are hereunder written) to be brought or
sent by the severall owners thereof & solde in the open markett in Derby att such dales &
according to such proportions as we conceive to be most convenyent to the furnishing of the
said markett with corne & grayne for thirty weeks next coming
Your very loving Friends He. Willughby
Feb. 10, 1622. R. Harpur. Quarters
Harde corne, vizt., wheet, rye, & blendcorne  clxxxxvj
Barlye  ¦ • . . . .  ccxxvij
Mault  xlv
Pease & beanes  ccccxxv
Oates . .  ,  cxxv
Item more of grain not distinguished presented by the name of
grayne of all sorts . . /T^  xv
So the totall some of all the said spare corne and grayne is one thousand thirtie and
three quarters.! * Belvoir MSS., Vol. xiii.
t Rogers' History of Agriculture &= Prices, Vol. v., pp. 192-3.
X Dom. Stale Papers, James I., vol. cxliii.

PRICES OF CORN. 1 89
This is followed by a certificate, dated March 20th, 1622, signed by
Thomas Smith and Nathaniel Hallowes, bailiffs, testifying that they
have surveyed the grain, have limited the number of alehouse keepers
and maltsters, and have provided 140 quarters of corn to be sold
weekly to the poor below the market price, and have further made
due arrangement for the supply of the markets. They enclose a
certificate of the quantity of corn and malt in Derby with the names
of the owners. The price of corn for the last month at Derby had
been per quarter : — Oats, IDs. 8d. ; pease, 25s. 4d. ; malt, 34s. 8d. ;
barley, 32s. ; rye, 38s. 8d. ; blend corn, 40s. ; second wheat, 48s. ; and
best wheat, 54s. 8d.*
In 1629 prices had been again gradually rising, and the Council
growing alarmed instructed the Judges of Assize to take conference
with the sheriff and justices of the different shires when on circuit. A
letter of peculiar interest was written on March loth, 1689, by
Godfrey Thacker (sheriff), Philip Stanhope, Francis Leeke, and seven
others of the Derbyshire justices to the Justices of Assize, as to the
erection of a magazine for keeping of store corn, wherein they argue
against the proposal, as they had found from long experience that
Derbyshire did not grow above half the corn required for the county's
consumption, so much of the land bearing nothing but oats, and so
many thousands being employed in the lead mines, coal mines, stone-
pits, and ironworks. They report that the price of corn has not much
abated during the two last years, and that unless the county had
received a great store of rye at cheap rates from the port of Hull by
the river Trent, the price of corn would have fallen little or nothing.t
We are only giving sufficient evidence to establish the frequent and
almost constant anxiety with respect to the food supply of Derbyshire
during tKe Elizabethan and Stuart period ; much more might be
brought forward. The reason why Derbyshire gave rise to exceptional
heartsearching on this question, so that the Council in London seemed
always to .think of this small central county directly prices went up,
is explained in the last quoted letter. The county had a large
proportion of its population employed in occupations other than
agricultural, and yet a large extent of its area was unsuited for the
growing of any other kind of grain than a limited amount of oats.

* These Derbyshire prices range higher, on the whole, than any of those quoted by
Professor Thorold Rogers, from different parts of the kingdom, for this date. See History
of Agriculture Ss' Prices, vol. vi., pp. 35, 36.
+ Dom. State Papers, Charles I,, vol. cxiii., No. 17.

I90 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The well-intentioned, but entirely false-principled legislarion (both
imperial and local) of the time, that kept all English markets as far
as possible strictly to their own localities, would have brought about
actual starvation in Derbyshire on many occasions had it not been for
the large importarion of cheap foreign grain, that it was well worth
while to send across from Holland when prices in England ruled
exceptionally high, and which, through the Trent, could readily
obtain access to the heart of the kingdom.
The year 163 1 brought about almost famine prices in some
districts of England. Professor Thorold Rogers quotes 80s. a
quarter in one centre.
On February 21st, 163 1, Henry Agard and Francis Coke, as justices
for the hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, report to Francis
Bradshaw, sheriff, that they constantly keep their monthly meeting
" wherein wee take order that the pettie Constables keep wardinge
and that they put in operation the Statute concerning roagues ; and
the Overseers for the poore doe make provisions for the poore and
impotent of each parish and for the settinge to worke all such as
are poore and yett well able to worke, wch wee fynde doeth much
good in the cuntrye.
" Also concerning the orders directed for corne wee doe straightly
charge the Pettye Constables that they doe see the former orders
taken by us at our last meeting be put in execution viz. That noe man
sell such corne (as hee is appointed to sell) out of the markett, excepte
to the poore of the sayd parishe, and that they present unto us such
as forestall the markett or ingrosse corne, and if any such bee wee
doe take order for their punishment. And that noe Badgers doe badge
corne contrarye to the said instructions."
They report the price of corn at the last markets at Ashbourn and
Derby to be : —
" Wheate of the best for the strike ... ... v'lijs.
Rye „ „ ... ... vjs. vujd.
Barlye ,, ,, ... ... vjs.
Maulte „ „ ... ... vjs. nijd.
Pease „ „ ... ...vs. viijd.
Oates „ „ ... ... ijj. vjd.
Wee thinke the prices of Corne somewhat greater than before
they weare by reasone of the present seed time."
They further state that they have put down many ale houses.

PRICES OF CORN. I91
"and only allowe such competent number as are fitt and noe more."
"And they have also taken order for the hinderinge of all cooks
butchers and Innkeepers and other victuallers within the said
hundred that they neither dresse nor suffer to be dressed or eaten
any fleshe in any of their homes during the tyme of Lent or
upon any other dayes prohibited."
They also report that new enclosures are being made, and further
pastures broken up into arable land.*
In April, 163 1, Francis Bradshawe, sheriff, writes to the Council to
inform them that, in accordance with their directions, and for the
better performance of his Majesty's service, with regard to the dear-
ness of corn, the Derbyshire justices had divided themselves into six
divisions, according to the hundreds of the county, each justice being
of that division which he inhabits.
They were thus apportioned : —
Hundred of Morleston and Litchurch. — Sir Henry Willoughby, Sir
Richard Harpur, and Sir Henry Leigh.
Hundred of Wirksworth. — Sir John Fitzherbert and Christopher
Fulwood. Hundred of Appletree. — Sir Francis Coke and Sir Henry Agard.
Hundred of Scarsdale. — Sir Peter Freschvile, Sir Roger Manners,
John Bullock, and Edward Revell.
Hundred of Repton and Gresley. — Sir George Gresley, Sir Thomas
Burdett, and Sir John Ferrers.
Hundred of High Peak. — John Manners and Randall Ashenhurst.f
A curious charge was made against one George Towgoode, before
Justice Edward Bennett, on June 6th, 163 1, " for that hee being a
badger (or dealer) was in the markett of Ashbourne on the last
markett daye before ye seconde belle was runge by ye clarke." The
explanation of this is to be found in the action that we know to have
been taken by the Devonshire justices about this period, and
doubtless similar kind-hearted regulations had then been adopted for
Derbyshire. The constables were required to attend every market
in time of dearth to see that the poor were served first. This was
accomplished by causing the market bell to be rung " two severall
times," the second time an hour at least after the first time, and by
preventing any " badger or carrier of corne," or any baker, from
* Dom. State Papers, Charles I., Vol. clxxxv., No. 41.
t Dom. Slate Papers, Charles I., Vol. clxxxix., No. 76.

192 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
buying any corn, or even being in the market, until after the second
ringing. No forestaller, ingrosser, regrater, miller, or maltster was to
be suffered to buy any corn at all. If any persons promised a price
for corn of any kind " to be reserved for him or her till after the
second ringing of the bell or after all markett," such person was to be
forthwith bound over to the next sessions.*
Irregular appeals from civil decisions of Quarter Sessions to the
Justice or Justices of Assize next on circuit occasionally took place,
of which the following is an ejiample It is inserted here as a
remarkable case of heavy fining for the offence of regrating ; though
the fine seems also to have carried with it additional punishment for
the contempt of non-appearance.
To the Right Honble Sr Robert Heath Knt one of his Maties Justices of Assize for the
County of Derby. The humble Petition of Humfrey Cowper of Shottell.
Sheweth unto your Lordship that seaven yeares since there was an Information preferred
against your Petitioner by Charles Fownes for buying of Oates to convert in Oatemealle
& to retayle the same in Marketts ; your saide Petitioner did then appear & after his
appearance did compound with the said Fownes & did give him three Poundes for
Composition therein ; yet notwithstanding at Easter Sessions last the said Fownes
obteyned a judgment of Two hundred & Thirtye Poundes uppon a Nichil dicit.
Humbly prayeth your Lordship to order & direct that your Petitioner may pleade to the
said Information de novo. And your saide Petitioner his wife & tenne children will daylye
praye etc. [ Below, on the face of the petition, is written ]
If this petition be true, the request of the petitioner is just & fitt to be granted. I desire
the Justices of peace at their next General Sessions to take it into their consideration, & if
they find uppon examination the suggestions of this petition to be true, that they doe
therein what they shall find to be just for the relief of the petitioner in this case of
extremity, if it soe appere to them. 14 March 1638. R. J. Heath.
The Act of 1647 for prohibiting the exportation of wool and
leather, soon made a decided mark on English agriculture, and
brought down the prices of grain in Derbyshire and elsewhere,
for it turned the attention of landowners to other sources of profit
than the feeding of sheep and cattle for their wool and hides. So
much had corn growing increased that the Protector's parliament
permitted its exportation, under certain restrictions, which, with
regard to wheat, were to be imposed when the price exceeded
4OS. a quarter.
At the beginning of the eighteenth century, England became a
very large exporter of corn. Davenant, writing in 1711, says : " Corn
* Hamilton's Quarter Sessions (Llevon) from Q. Elizabeth to Q. Anne, p. 103.

PRICES OF CORN. 1 93
is in a manner a new exportation arising to us from the war which
has in other countries so employed the hands of the people that they
could not till the ground, or from dearths and plagues wherewith
divers nations have been afflicted for these last twenty-three years.
 Now we export grain of all sorts to Africa, the Canaries,
Denmark and Norway, East Country, Flanders, France, Germany,
Holland, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Venice,
Guernsey, and the English plantations, by a medium of years from
Christmas 1699 to Christmas 1710; to the value oi £274,141.'"*
The importation of corn was on the other hand hindered by severe
restrictions. But these restrictions were relaxed in years of bad home
harvests, as in 1756 and 1767 ; and at last, in 1773, England was
opened to foreign supplies at considerably lower prices, the duty
being sixpence the quarter, f From this year, England became
gradually a larger and larger consumer of foreign grain, and the
balance of our imports of grain began to exceed the balance of our
exports. In 1791 the corn law was changed by Pitt, the duty being regulated
by the home price of wheat, the high duty being practically
prohibitory : — s. d.
Below 50s., "the high duty "  24 3
SOS. to 54s., " the first low duty "  .. ..26
S4S. or more, " the second low duty "  6 J
But even an elastic Act of this description could not foresee all
contingencies. In 1793, the price of wheat was so low, 49s. 3d., that
all foreign wheat was excluded. On the other hand, in 1795-6, the
price ran up to 7Ss. the quarter, and foreign corn was admitted duty
free. In order to afford a correct basis for the frequent corn legislation,
an Act was passed in 1769, for improving the machinery by which
corn returns were made, and for securing their due registration. §
Under this statute, duplicates of the returns of the prices of corn,
from the Derbyshire corn markets of Derby and Chesterfield, had to
be sent in to the clerk of the peace. These returns, filled up on
printed forms, are among the county records, and are perfect from

* Report to Commissioners of Public Accounts, VBytii., Vol. v., 24 ; quoted in Dowell's
History of Taxation. t 13 George III., c. 43. X 31 George HI., u. 30, table D.
§ 9 George III., c. 58.
14

194

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

1769 to 1790, when a new Act brought about a change of procedure.
The following is a copy of one of these returns : —

County of
Derby. \ ^^'^y-

Samuel Simpson, Officer.
A Duplicate of the Returns of the Prices of Corn from this Market.
From Midsummer to
Price by the Standard Winchester Bushel
of 8 Gallons.
Michaelmas, 1772
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Oats
Beans
Big*
s. d.
s. d.
S. d.
June 26
Friday
6 10^
2 3
3 II
July 3
7 0
2 3i
4 0
10
7 2
2 i^
3 9
17
7 0
2 3
4 0
,. 24
7 3
2 3
4 3
31
7 3
2 3l
4 6
August 7
7 0
2 3
4 6
.1 14
7 2
2 4J
4 6
21
jj
7 3
2 3
4 6
28
7 4
2 ij
4 4
September 4
7 9
2 ij
4 8
>, II
7 6
2 4
4 6
18
7 6
2 5i
4 9
25
8 0
2 6f
4 9
Sir, I certify that Samuel Simpson hath made the above fourtefcn Returns, and is intitled to
receive for his Care & Trouble therein, a Sum not exceeding Two Shillings for each
^s'""^"- Willm. Cooke.
Treasury. The Act of 1 79 1 ceased to demand the local depositing of corn
returns. The county was still held responsible for payment for the
returns of the market corn inspectors, and printed certificates were
sent in to the Clerk of the Peace of the number of returns made each
quarter. There Were now three official corn markets in Derbyshire —
Derby, Chesterfield, and Ashbourne. The following is an example
of these papers, of which a few are extant : —
London, 31st December, 1791.
Sir, I hereby certify that Thomas Litton, Corn Inspector for Ashburn, has made twelve Weekly
Returns of the Prices of British Corn and Oatmeal, in the Quarter ended Christmas last,
conformable to the Act of the 31st George III., chap. 30. J. J. Catherwood.
To the Treasurer of the County of Derby. Recr. of Corn Returns.
* " Big " was a special kind of barley.
PRICES OF CORN. 195
The payments to these three corn inspectors, averaging about £$
each, regularly appear in the Treasurer's accounts.
This is not the place in which to record, even in the briefest way,
the various changes in corn duties during the present century, beyond
remarking that from February ist, 1849, the dutj' on imported corn
has been practically abolished, only is. a quarter being charged as a
registration fee.
The only papers of this century that we have noticed among the
county records that have reference to the price of corn are a parcel,
between 1826 and 1833, relative to what are termed " Corn Rents," in
connection with the Inclosure Act of 1796. The way in which such
matters came under the cognizance of Quarter Sessions is clearly
shown by the following ofiicial notice from the London Gazette of
January 24th, 1826, with reference to the Beighton inclosures : —
NOTICE is hereby given, that we, the undersigned, tt(.e Right Honourable Charles
Herbert, Earl Manvers, impropriator, and the Honourable and Reverend Thomas
Erskine, Vicar of the parish of Beighton, in the county of Derby, in pursuance of the powers
and authorities given to us as such impropriator and Vicar, under and by virtue of an Act of
Parliament, made and passed in the thirty-sixth year of the reign of His late Majesty King
George the Third, intituled "An Act for dividing and inclosing the commons and waste
lands within the manor and parish of Beighton, in the county of Derby," do intend to make
application at the next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace to be holden in and for the
county of Derby, in the week after the Feast of Easier now next ensuing, to have two
persons named and appointed by the Justices then and there assembled, to be, together wilh
a third person to be named and chosen by such two persons, arbitrators or referees for
enquiring into and ascertaining, by or from or by means of the London Gazette, the average
price of a Winchester bushel of good marketable wheat within the said County of Derby for
the fourteen years then last past, in order and to the intent that such arbitrators or referees,
or the major part of them, may and shall by their report to be made and delivered to the
Court of Quarter Sessions to be held in and for the said county of Derby in the first week
after the Feast of the Translation of Saint Thomas the Martyr then next ensuing, set forth
such average price; and that in case it shall by such report appear, that such average price
of a bushel of such wheat is more or less than the average price thereof set forth in the
award of the Commissioners appointed for carrying into execution the powers of the said
Act of Parliament, by the value of three pence or upwards, then that the several and
respective annual rents or yearly sums of money charged upon and payable, by virtue of the
said Act of Parliament and award, out of the lands, tenements, and hereditamenls in the
said parish of Beighton, in lieu of all great and small tithes (except mortuaries, Easter
offering!;, and surplice fees), may and shall be increased or diminished in su:h manner as
shall be declared by order of the said Court ; and in order and to the intent that the same
yearly rents or sums of money, so increased or diminished, may and shall, from Ihe quarterly
day of payment preceding such order, remain and continue issuing and payable, in manner
by the said Act directed, out of the several lands and estates charged by the said award with
such respective yearly rents or sums of money until the same shall, at or afier the end of
fourteen years then next ensuing, be again varied, pursuant lo the powers for that purpose
contained in the said Act.
Given under our hands, this 17th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1826,
Manvers. Thomas Erskine, M.A.

196 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Clerft of tbe flDarM.
The Clerk of the Market was an important official of the royal
household, whose duty it was to take charge of the king's weights and
measures, to keep properly stamped standards of them all, and to go
on circuit testing the accuracy of the measures in use."' Clerks of
the Market, or officials deputed to act under them, did not come
within the jurisdiction of the justices in sessions ; and the various
manorial courts, to whose lords markets and fairs had been granted
by royal patent, were entitled to take cognisance of market offences,
so that, as a rule. Quarter Session records would be searched in vain
for any proceedings of this character. It happens, however, that there
are among the Derbyshire records certain papers and documents of
this character that have been accidentally preserved amongst them,
and which illustrate clerk of the market and market juries proceedings
in an interesting way, a subject upon which all printed authorities
seem to observe a complete silence.
Over a considerable part of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and in
certain parts of Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire,
there was for several centuries a peculiar franchise or liberty, which
included market jurisdiction. The office of the clerk of the market
for the honor of Tutbury (under the Duchy of Lancaster) was a patent
office, and held under the same interesting horn tenure, about which
so much has been said in the first volume under the head of Coroners.f
Sir Henry Agard established in court of law in 1631 the right of his
family to this office in perpetuity throughout the honor of Tutbury
by records and accounts from the time of Edward I. downwards,! and
successfully resisted the attempts of Hugh May, who had been
appointed clerk of the market of the Duchy of Lancaster, to establish
control over the Derbyshire markets of Wirksworth, Ashbourne, etc.
Through the incidence of John Adderley, who was a kinsman of the
Agards, and who had been appointed by that family coroner and
clerk of the market of the honor of Tutbury, being also appointed
clerk of the peace to the county by the Duke of Devonshire,

* There is legislation pertaining to the office of Clerk of the Market in statutes 14 Edward
III., t. 12; 13 Richard IL, c. 4 ; 16 Richard IL, c. 3 ; and 17 Charles I., c. 19.
t Vol. I., pp. 70, 71, etc.
X Duchy of Lan. Orders and Decrees, Car. I., No. 31, 7 to 10; quoted fully in first
volume.

CLERK OF THE MARKET. I97
various of these market papers appear among the Derbyshire
records. The clerk of the market for this honor was bound by the terms
of his appointment to keep two sessions at every market town
throughout the honor, making two circuits, which comprised four
hundred miles. The precepts that he issued to the various parish
constables commanded them to warn before him, at a certain place
and day, all vintners, innkeepers, victuallers, maltsters, badgers, salters,
swailers, farmers of husbandry, buyers and sellers of wool, butter, and
cheese, and all other persons whatsoever who used weights and
measures with the strickles* belonging to such measures. The
constable had also to appear at the market court and to bring with
him a true presentment of the names of all persons within his liberty
who used weights and measures. The trader had to produce his
weights and measures at each court, and to pay a small fee for their
being certified.
From the litigation of 163 1, it seems that there were eight centres
in Derbyshire where this clerk of the market then held his courts,
viz., at Ashbourne, Wirksworth, Bakewell, Tideswell, Marston,
Etwall, Greasley, and Brailsford. The four first-named places seem
always to have had their courts, but in the other districts the session
was sometimes held in different villages.
A presentment made by the constable of LuUington, on April
29th, 1689, when the clerk of the market was sitting at LuUington,
gives a record of the fees then paid. A tailor, a chandler, a
Webster, a rope-maker, and two blacksmiths each paid 2d. ; Robert
Arnold and Richard Arnold, who are entered jointly as websters,
paid 3d. ; William Boston, who was both butcher and brewer, paid
4d. ; and "our Towne Strike" paid 4d. ; common measures, we
suppose, paying a double fee. We find the same rate charged at
courts held at later dates at Wirksworth and Matlock.
Another duty of the constables of the liberties summoned to a
clerk of the market's court was to call a jury. To the jury would
be submitted the guilt or the reverse of any persons charged or
suspected of using faulty measures, and various neglects of duty
were certified, too, by the jury before the clerk executed his con
siderable power of fining. This market jury also certified as to
the price of wheat. There is a list among these papers of the
* Halliwell says that a strickle is a piece of wood used in striking off an even measure
of corn.

198 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
jurymen summoned to the clerk of the market's court, held at
Duffield on October i8th, 1683. The foreman was William Haynes,
of Duffield. There were seventeen summoned ; thirteen appeared
and were sworn. This jury was comprised of householders from
Duffield, AUestry, Spondon, Hulland, Breadsall, Mugginton, Mer
caston, Underwood, and Stanley. The jury made " a true present
ment made accordinge to ye best of our knowledge of ye reasonable
prizes of wheat.
ye best wheat  .  3s. 6d. ye Strike
ye second sort .^  . 3s. 4d. ,,
ye worst sort .. . ., „  .. 3s. od. ,, "
The names are also given of another jury summoned at the same
place in 1695. The jury summoned at Foston, in 1695, say — "The
verdict of ye Jurey given In at the sessions held at Foston, and
as to ye three pricies of Corne wee present
the best wheat  4 shillings
the second at  3s. 6d.
the third at  3s. 4cl."
The presentment of the constable of Hope, " delivered in to
John Adderley gent Clarke of the Markett or to his Deputy att
Tids*all the 24th day of Aprill, 1695," gave a list of 19 aiekeepers,
5 smiths, 3 butchers, 6 swailers, 2 maltsters, 2 chandlers, I iron
monger, 3 tailors, 2 weavers, 2 millers, and i shopkeeper At the
same court, the constable of Eyam delivered in his list of those
who had weights and measures both at Eyam and Stony Middleton,
amounting in all to fifty; and the constable of " Boden Midlecall"
(Chapel-en-le-Frith) thirty-seven. The constable of Tideswell, Robert
Middleton, presented the names from Great Hucklow, Haselbadge,
Little Longton, Grindlow, Little Hucklow, and Litton, amounting
to twenty-nine; but his presentment is marked with the statement
that he was " fined xxs. for not appearing in tyme, and summoning
noe Jurymen, and for an imperfect presentment." Three names
are added in the margin in Mr. Adderley's handwriting. We find,
from these papers, that it was the custom for each constable to
add at the bottom of his presentment the names of two jurymen
in his liberty. The jury, who on this occasion numbered twenty-
one, made the following presentments —
Imprimis, Wee present the price of wheat as it was sold the Last Marltett Day, the best
sort at 3s. 4d. a Strike, The second sort at 2s. 8d. a Strike, and the worst Sort at 2s. 6d. a
Strike.

CLERK OF THE MARKET.

199

Item, Wee have duly tryed & examined all weights & measures that have beene brought
before us This day, & find none defective.
Item, Wee doe . . . . AU Constables within the Jurydickshon of This Coart That
if the doe not bring in all the weights & measures the next Sessions to be held at Tidswall
the shall pay the sume of 3s. 4d. every Cunstable.
Item, Wee have no more to present at this present to the Best of our knowledge or by
information. Going back two years, we find some further interesting papers
relative to the court held by Mr. Adderley, at the Three Swans,
Wirksworth, on May iSth, 1693. Josiah Adams, constable of
Matlock, presented a list of " all persons that useth Weights and
Meseures within his liberty " ; his list comprised thirty-five, who
each paid 2d. to the court, and two bakers who paid 4d. each,
making a total payment of 6s. 6d. The return of the constable of
the town of Wirksworth is of considerable interest, as showing the
proportionate numbers of the different classes of tradesmen. The
preponderance of alehouses is remarkable.
A presentment made by the Cunstable of wirksworth for the Clerk of the market Sittings
at the signe of the three S wanes in wirksworth on may ye 15 1693

Imprimis we present Innkeepers
Mr. Edward Millard
Mr. Henrey wigley
Mr. Williams Bennett
Itan Alehouses
Thomas Dale
George Maddock
Adam Marshall
Edward Milton
John Stordd
Eliz Buxion
Thomas Toplis
Thomas Swift
Mr. Williams Hopkinson
Edman Vallance
Frances Baylay
Ralph Adkinson
George Armfield
John Slack
Mrs. Roy
Joshua Wheatcroft
Eliz Botham
EUz Phillips
John Cockin
Thomas Blount
EUz Haslam
John Sleere

Richard woodiwist
Anthony Gritorex
John wheatcraft
Dinah Buxton
Darothy Malinas
williame Millard
Henrey Tuce
James Allin
Anne Allin
George Haslam
Samuell Puye
Frances Bradshaw
Thomas Wigley
Henry Lucraft
Anne Stoore Item Grocers
Mr. Buvas
Mr. Richard Booth
Mr. Love
Mrs. Blackwall
Mr. Riganway
John Green Milliner
Item Ironmunglers
Perman Buxton
Thomas Stecher
Edward Botham
John Slack

200

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Item Apotacaryes
Mr. AUsop
Mr. Wigley Item Blacksmiths
John Cooke
John Hellobee
Williame Hellobee
James AUine
John Blunt
Adam Marshall Item Bakers
Bartholomew Griffin
Edward Greenhough Itnn Chandeliers
Robert Toplis
Richard Roye Item Taylors
Thomas Spencer
Richard Mason
William Norman
William Rowley
Joseph Flecher
Thomas Roper
Frances Brickelbank
George Kemp
Thomas Mason Item Weavers
John Hall
Thomas North
William Easom Item Swaleors
Ralph Brusell, salt
John Smith, cloath
Ilem we present
George Simpsan and
James Allin to serve
on ye Jury.

Thomas Jackson, tobacco
Timothy Cadman
Margarett Anderson Item Buchers
George Tompson
Edward Ragg
John Bruckshaw
Anthony Cheatle
George Cragg
Robert Spencer Item Millars
Joseph Steer
James Simson Item Shearmen
James Byard
Henry Ancraft Item Dyers
Mr. John Buxton
Mr. Robert Redgate Item Pidler
Frances Page Item Softmunglers
John Toplis
Samuel Branderock
George Griffin Item Applemungler
Tho Cleater
Susannah Boame
Nickleas Thacker Item Feltmakers
William Wheatcraft
Jacob Gell

Per Tho Lockowe,

17s. 8d.
Const.

The jury, who were eighteen in number, and whose foreman was
Adam Wolley, of Matlock, made the following return : — s. d.
Imprimis ; We present the prize of ye best wheat  60
Item we present ye second soart of wheat . .  5 ^
and ye Third soart to be . . . .  5 O
Item we present Ralph Higel of Wirksworth for Forstaling & buying 30 pecks of
oatmeal coming neare ye Markit towne of Wirksworth, by the oath of Henry Burton on a
market day vizt the 1 8th day of Aprill last which was bought of George Oakly of the
Whyte house.
Item wee present Robert Shawe of Atloe for a weight too light in weight his wife being a
seller of Bacon [added, in Ah: Adderley's hand, only recorded as a Fine not to be returned].

CLERK OF THE MARKET. 20I
Mr. John Adderiey died in 1699, and, as has been stated in the
first volume, was succeeded for a few years by his son Charles, and
afterwards by Mr. Henry Gregson, who held the offices of clerk of
the market and coroner under the honor of Tutbury, but was not
clerk of the peace. Henry Gregson, attorney, of Higham, was a
younger son of George Gregson, of Turnditch, whose pedigree was
traced back for many generations by the heralds.* He was
nephew to the wife of Charies Agard, the last heir male of that
family. He seems to have been of some help to the co-heiresses
of the Agard family in their pecuniary difficulties, already alluded
to, and hence to have obtained the succession to these franchise
offices. Since we wrote upon the coroner question, we have found
the following document relative to his appointment at the Public
Record Office : —
To all Christian people to whom these p'sents shall come Greeting Know yee that we
Catherine & Vere Agard, spinsters, daughters & coheires of Charles Agard late of Horton
in the County of Derby Esq for divers good causes & consideracons us thereunto especially
moveing and also for & in consideracon of the sume of 5s. to us in hand paid by Henry
Gregson of Higham in the sd County, gent, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged. Have
granted bargain'd Sc sold & by these p'sents do grant bargaine & sell unto the sd Henry
Gregson All those our Offices of Feodary, Bayliffe in Fee Escheator, Clerke of the Markeit
& Coroner for the honor of Tutbury parcell of the Duchy of Lancaster And do hereby give
him full power & lawfuU authority to keep all such Co'ts and to do & perform all matters &
things wlsoever by himselfe or his sufficient deputy or deputys as to the sd offices or any of
them belongeth or in anywise appertain'd & to receive & take all such fees perquisits &
proffitts arising therefrom to his own use dureing the terme of his nrall life in as full ample &
beneficiall maner to all intents & purposes as we ourselves might may or can do To have and
to hold all & singular the sd Offices and p'mises before mencond with all privileges &
advantages to the same belonging unto him the sd Henry Gregson for and dureing the terme
of his nrall life in as full ample & beneficiall maner as the same are before granted or as we
have power to grant the same. In witness,
A Bond from H. Gregson and Ellis Faneworth in penalty with condicon as on the back
side Whereas the above named Katherine & Vere Agard have by Deed Poll beareing even date
with these p'sents granted unto the above bound Henry Gregson All those their Offices of
Feodary, Bayliffe in Fee, Escheator, Clerke of the Markett & Coroner within the Honor of
Tutbury together with all fees and advantages ariseing therefrom for the terme of his life as
by the Deed relation being thereunto had maie appeare And whereas it was agreed at &
before the executeing thereof that the sd Henry Gregson should pay or caused to be pd to
the sd Catherine & Vere Agard or their order the yearely sume of ;^I3 6s. 8d. at two equal
paymts in the yeare so long as he shall live & enjoy the sd offices & p'misses by virtue of the
sd Deed now the condicon that if the sd Henry Gregson shall pay or cause to be pd to the
sd Catherine & Vere Agard or their order the sd yearly sume of ;^I3 6s. 8d. at two equall
paymts in the yeare so long as he lives & injoys the offices & p'misses by virtue of the sd
Deed according to the aforesd Agreement then this obligation to be void or else to remain
in full force & virtue.t
* Reynolds' Notes ; Add. MSS. (Brit. Mus.) 6666, f. 5S8 ; 6675, f 230 ; 6689, f. 620.
t Duchy of Lane. Div. xxv.. Bundle P., No. 21, c.

202 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Mr. Gregson made a severe clerk of the market, and seems to have
been very ready in fining peccant constables as well as downright
offenders. It does not, however, appear that he profited by the fines,
a full return of them being expected to be rendered at the duchy
office. The following is a literal transcript of the return of the fines,
made to the Duchy at a single Derbyshire court in the year 1716.
Stanton Ward was a manor in Stapenhill parish.

Derb SS
Honor de Tutbury Ducat I Extract Finiii & Amercianien? dni Regis nunc apud SessioS
Lancatr in et pro Cofl | clerici mercator' teiit apud Stanton Ward in Com Derb'
Derb Stafford War- f vicesimo tertio die Septembr' annoqj dni 1716 Coram Henrico
wick Leic & Nott j Gregson clerico mercar ibm

De Henrico Fletcher constab' de LuUington quia ipse neglexit officii! suu in
faciend' falsi! retorna9 p'cep9 ei direcf in non retornand' 01a noia inhabitan?
utenf ponderibus & mensur' infra suo constabulario ad impedimentum servic'
dom Regis nunc  00 06 08
Ac de eodm etiam quia ipse neglexit officia suu in non sumonand' & retornand'
sufificieB juratores ad inquirend' p Dno Rege p'd scdm tenor p'cep? ei direc9
ad impedimeiit serviS p'd  .. 00 06 08
De Rico Ward constabular' de Greizly p consilibus constab'  00 13 04
De Johe Heffield de Appleby ji con§  00 13 04
De Johe Benfield constab' de Linton p con§  00 13 04
De Johe Harrison constab' de Stanton 5 con§  00 13 04
De Edro Hatterton constab' de Stapenhill {> conl  00 13 04
De Samuel Ludford constab' de Willesley &c p conS  00 13 04
Extrac? finiu & amerciamenP Dni Regis nunc apud Sessioii clerici mercator' teiit
apud Stanton Ward p'd vicesimo seplimo die AprUis annoq3 Dni 1717 Coram p'd
Henrico Gregson gen clerico mercator' ibm
De Thome Benfeild constab' de LuUington quia ipse neglexit officii! suii in
faciend' falsS retornaP p'cepP in direc¥ in non retornand' oia noia inhabitan?
qui utunt ponderibz & mensuris infra suo constab' ad impedimentum servi8
Dni Regis nunc.  00 06 08
Ac de eodm etiam quia ipse neglexit officiu suii in non summonand' &
retornand' sufficieS jurator' ad inquirend' j Dno Rege p'd scdin tenor'
p'cepP ei direc? ad impediment serviS p'd  00 06 08
De Johe Newbold constab' de Greizley p con§ .. „  00 13 04
De Johe Jordan constab' de Appleby Magn p conS  oo 13 04
De Humfrido Burton constab' de Linton p con§  00 13 04
De Johe Harrison constab' de Stanton Newall p conS  00 13 04
De Edro Hatterton constab' de Stapenhill j) conS  00 13 04
De Hoump Royle constab' de Willesley p con§ .  00 13 04
De Thome Griffin de LuUington Blacksmith quia ipse non comperuit ad diem
& locii p'd ul9 mencona? cum ponderibz & mensuris suis ut examinarent
cum Standard' Dni Regis prouP legitime submonit fuit  . 00 03 04
De Thome Berresford de eadm Inkeeper f conS  00 03 04
De Rico Smith de eadm Innkeeper ^ con§  00 03 04
De Georgip Shalliner de Greisley webster & Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Franco Peech de eadm Inkeeper ji con§  00 03 04

CLERK OF THE MARKET. 203
De Johe Clarke de eadm Blacksmith p con§  00 03 04
De WiUo Blackwell de eadm Webster j> conS  00 03 04
De Johe Mosey de eadm Innkeeper ^ conB  00 03 04
De Short vid de eadm Innkeeper p con§  00 03 04
De Thome Massey de eadm Webster p con§  00 03 04
De Thome Morton de eadm Webster p coni  00 03 04
De Blacke vid de eadm Innkeeper ji con§  00 03 04
De Thome Fower de eadm Innkeeper p con§  00 03 04
De Thome Edwardly de eadm Innkeeper p con§ . . . . ¦ •  00 03 04
De Thome Ball de eadm Baker p con§  00 03 04
De Johe Smith de eadm Miller p coni  00 03 04
De Thome Fulladine de Appleby Magn Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Rico Mathew de eadm Innkeeper {> coni  00 03 04
De Georgio Wissen de eadm Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Smith de eadm vid Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Edro Cutbert de eadm Blacksmith p coni  00 03 04
Dejacobo How de eadm Roper p coni  00 03 04
De Johe Mould de eadm Taylor p coni  00 03 04
De Johe Jordan de eadm Butcher p coni  00 03 04
De Samll Jackson de eadm mercer p coni  00 03 04
De Johe Welbey de Linton Blacksmith p coni  .. 00 03 04
De Gullet Newbold de eadm Baker p coni  00 03 04
De Johe Kingsley de eadm Webster p coni  00 03 04
De Abra Radford de eadm Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Slepho Leedham de eadm Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Henrico Notion de Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Franco Hame de eadm Innkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Margaretta Hardwicke de eadm Inkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Gulielmo Parker de eadm Inkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Thoma Clarke de eadm Inkeeper p coni . . .  co 03 04
De Gulielmo Parker de StapenhUl Inkeeper p coni  00 03 04
De Franco Clarke de eadm p coni  00 03 04
De Franco de eadm Webster p coni  00 03 04
De Josepbo NoUen de eadm Webster p coni  00 03 04
De Timoth Crosse de eadm Taylor p coni  00 03 04
De Jarvis Bull de eadm Baker p coni . .  00 03 04
De Edro Alkens de Willesley Blacksmith p coni  00 03 04
De Thoma Tomlinson de eadm Baker p coni  00 03 04
De Roblo Goodman de eadm Taylor p coni  00 03 04
De Roger Barwell de eadm Innkeeper p coni  ' ¦ . . .. 00 03 04
De Simmons de eadm vidt Inkeeper p coni *  00 03 04
Mr. Gregson seems to have been of a most litigious disposition ;
particulars are given of three Derbyshire law suits in which he was
engaged with respect to his alleged rights in the Wolley MSS.f The
following petition to the Chancellor of the Duchy, undated, but
obviously towards the end of his term of office, shows how he

* Duchy of Lancaster, Div. xxv.. Bundle S, No. 21, G.
t Add. MSS. [Brit. Mus.] 6707, ff. 48, 92 ; 6668, f. 253 ; 6687, f. 603,

204 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
resisted any payment to the Duchy on behalf of the office of Clerk
of the Market :—
To the Right Honoble Nicholas Lechmere Esqre Chancellor of his Majesties Duchy and
County Palatine of Lancaster and one of the Lords of his Majesties Most Honoble Privy
Councell. The humble Peticon of Henry Gregson, gent.
Sheweth That your peticoner being possessed of the Office of Feodary of the Honor of Tutbury
parcell of his Majesties Duchy of Lancaster comonly intituled prima pars Agard is returned
in arrear by the ReceiC of the said Honor for many yeares last past at 9/2. per ann
amounting to near 150/2. for which arrear your peticoner is threatened with the process of
this Court.
That the said Office long before the sd arrear was only charged with the yearly paymt of
dli. p ann which then was & still is more than the yearly profits arising thereby The
particular branches of the sd Office being taken away by the Statute of Wards and Liverys
and such rents as had been usually paid to the sd Officer are either lost granted in fee or
demised so as he now receives no benefit thereby except by the office of the Clerk of the
Market which was always incident to the sd Office of Feodary & no rent was ever paid in
respect of that Office as will appear by Records & Accompts of the sd Dutchy.
Wherefore your peticoner humbly prays your honor that the matter may be referred to his
Majesties Auditor for the north parts to state the facts & arrears & report the same to your
Honor And that process for the sd arrears may be staid till your Honour gives further order
therein. And your peticoner shall ever pray &c.
We have already recorded how the court of Quarter Sessions fined
Mr. Gregson for non-attendance at the court as a coroner, but a few
years later a far graver charge was made. At the Easter Sessions,
1725, the following Order was not only made, but was printed on a
handbill and circulated throughout the county : —
Upon Complaint made to this Court, by many Inhabitants of this County, that Henry
Gregson, Gent. Clerk of the Market for the same County and his deputies ; have not
only taken extortionate Fees, but exacted Fees where none are due, in the Execution of
his said Office. For Remedy whereof, and that the County may be for the future
preserved from such oppressions, it is agreed by the Justices present in Court, and by
this Court recommended to the rest of the Justices, in this County ; that each and every
of them, in their respective Hundreds and Districts, shall enquire into such Complaints
and Grievances : and that each of them shall and will at the next General Quarter
Sessions, to be holden for this County, Report the particulars of their respective Enquiries ;
And it is ordered by this Court, that the Clerk of the Peace, do cause Publick Notice
to be given thereof, through the whole county, that all Persons who think themselves
aggrieved, or have any Complaints to make, in respect to the matter aforesaid ; may have
opportunities of laying them before the said Justices living nearest to them. AND all
Persons so complaining, are ordered to bring their Complaints in Writing, to the Justices
they shall so attend, before the next Sessions. To the End that such further Order may
be made as shall be reasonable. Per Cur'.
Joseph Hayne, Clerk of the Peace.

CLERK OF THE MARKET.

205

To this Mr. Gregson replied in his turn by a handbill, which was
also circulated about the county, and of which a copy has fortunately
been preserved in the Wolley MSS. of the British Museum.*
The Clerk of the Market's Case for the Honour of Tutbury, parcel of the Dutchy of
Lancaster.
That the Office of Clerk of the Market for the Honour aforesaid, is an Antient Judicial
Office and that the (Posse Comitatus) belongs thereto, appears by many Antient Records,
and other undeniable proofs.
The Clerk of the Market for the said Honour is oblig'd every Year (at his own Expence)
to keep Two Sessions, and to go Two Circuits, which contain in both near 400 Miles, the
Honour extending itself into the Counties of Derby, Leicester, Stafford, Nottingham and
Warwick. For the support of his Sessions and Reward for his great Trouble and Expence, there
are certain Accustom'd Fees due to him for sealing, &c., of such Weights and Measures as
are produced before him.
His Precepts to the Constables have always commanded them to warn before him (at a
certain Day) all Vintners, Inn-keepers, Victuallers, Malsters, badgers, Salters, Swalers,
Farmers of Husbandry, Buyers and Sellers of Wool, Butter, and Cheese, and all other
persons whatsoever who Use Weights and Measures with Strickles belonging to each
Measure ; and to deliver in a fair Presentment, of their Names and Additions, together
with an Account of what Weights and Measures they severally Use ; and to Return
Persons of the most Sufficiency to serve on the Jury ; Requiring a due performance of his
Warrant on Oath.
The Constables have accordingly always Appeared and brought what they have styled,
A True Presentment of the Names of all Persons who Use Weights and Measures within
their Several and Respective Liberties : Yet 'tis plain their Presentments have been deficient ;
great numbers of Tradesmen of all Sorts left out, and Farmers of Husbandry for several
Years, and in many Places wholly omitted ; and the Constables in such Liberties where
such Omissions have been being lately required to present the Names of such Farmers of
Husbandry who Buy and Sell by Weight and Measure, refuse to do it ; and such Farmers
insist, That they are not obliged to produce their said Weights and Measures, or have them
Inspected or Seal'd ; or in case they do, they say, they are not liable to pay any Fees on
Account thereof.
The Farmers of Husbandry of Tutbury, Utoxeter, and several other Towns within the
said Honour, now do, and have always appear'd [and paid] the Accustom'd Fees.
The Farmers of Husb[andry] in Scarsdale in the County of Derby (other part of the said
Dutchy), do always Appear before the Clerk of the Market there, and pay his Accustom'd
Fees. I. Quere. Shall any Constable being Required so to do, Neglect or Refuse to Summons
all Persons who Use Weights and Measures within his Liberty, to appear and produce
them, or deny to give in his Presentment according to the purport of his Warrant on Oa\h.
2. ShaU any Person or Persons whatsoever within the Realm of England Use Weights
and Measures, not having them Seal'd by some Authority or other ; and after they are
Seal'd, are not all persons liable by the Statutes of Henry vijth, to bring them in twice a
year to the proper Officer to have them examined by his Majesty's Standard of the
Exchequer ; and, is not such Officer oblig'd twice a Year, or oftner if occasion requires, to
Vieu and Inspect them.
3. Has any Act of Parliament whatsoever taken away the Clerk of the Market's
accustom'd Fees, or Exempted any Person or Persons from the payment thereof.
* Add. MSS., 6668, f. 569.

2o6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The present Clerk of the Market has nothing so much in view, as justly performing the
Duly of his Office, which he apprehends was design'd for the Publick Good, and particularly
to give a Mutual Confidence between Buyers and Sellers ; which cannot be done, unless he
take due Care that every Weight and Measure any such Person or Persons produce, appear
to have a Mark or Testimony that it has had a Legal Vieu and Approbation : But if any
Set of Persons be suffer'd within his Liberty to do otherwise, or claim an Exemption from
his Inquiry, it is impossible for him to render his Office so Serviceable as he cou'd desire,
or put an end to the many wrangling Disputes that Daily arise upon fixing of certain
particular Persons' Weights [and] Measures to be determined by.
He therefore desires all persons concern'd, to Consider of the before mention'd Queries,
and shall be very attentive to any pertinent Answer (if any such they have) to the same, or
any of them ; and hopes no particular Persons can be Personally Disoblig'd or Disgusted,
if in a Fair and Lawful Manner he shall Assert and Try the Rights of his Office, which he
is advis'd he ought to do, as well for his Own, as the Publick Interest.
H. Gregson,
Clerk of the Market for the Honour aforesaid.
[Endorsed] : —
[Print] Clerk of the Market's Case for the Honour of Tutbury Parcel in the Dutchy of
Lancaster. [Writing] To Thos. Bagshaw, Esqr., at Bakewell.
Sr, the perusall of this Case is the request of
Sr, Your Most humble Servt.,
Hen : Greg[son].
This printed answer was apparently accepted as sufficient ; at all
events, according to the minutes, no further Order was made in
respect to this case at the next or at any of the subsequent
sessions. Mr. Gregson's name does not appear again ; he died in
1738.

Meigbts anb Balances.
In 1797, the somewhat conflicting laws and customs with regard to
standard measures and the testing of them, which had in Derbyshire
given rise to much confusion and litigation, were brought to an end
by a new Act* By this Act Examiners of weights and balances
were appointed for the different hundreds by the justices in session.
The following advertisement, which appeared in the Derby Mercury
of January 19th and 26th, 1797, with regard to the hundred of
Scarsdale, shows the course of procedure : —
Hundred of Scarsdale, \ T T IS Majesty's Justices of the Peace for this County, having
Derbyshire. I J. J. at the last General Quarter Sessions held at Derby,
appointed us the undersigned (in pursuance of an Act of Parliament passed in the 35th year
* 35 George III., c. 103 ; speedily amended by 37 George III., c. 143.

WEIGHTS AND BALANCES. 207
of the reign of his present Majesty) Examiners of Weights and Balances within the said
Hundred, and we being of opinion that a number of Shopkeepers and others within the said
Hundred may have some defective Weights and Balances in their possession not knowing
thereof, and in order that such persons may not for the first time be taken by surprize, and
that such Defective Weights may be properly adjusted, we in pursuance of such appointment
do hereby give Notice, that for the General convenience of the Shopkeepers and others
within the said Hundred, we will attend with proper assistants at the undermentioned places
in order to regulate and adjust such Weights accordingly, viz.
At Alfreton, on Monday the 30th instant, and the two following days, for the parishes of
Alfreton, Soulhnormanton, Southwingfield, Shirland, Stretton, Morton, Pinxton, Tibshelf,
Brackenfield, and Wessington ; — at Ashover, on Thursday the 2d of February : — at Bolsover,
the two following days, the 3d and 4th, for the parishes of Bolsover, Oxcroft, Glapwell,
Pleasley, Rowthorne, Heath, Stainsby, Sutton, Duckmanton, Scarcliffe, and Langwith ;— at
Barlbrough, on Monday and Tuesday the 6th and 7th, for the parishes of Barlbrough, Clown,
Whitwell, Elmton and Staveley ; — at Eckington, on Wednesday and Thursday the 8th and
9th, for the parishes of Eckington, Beighton, and Killamarsh ; — and at Dronfield the lOth
and nth of the same month, for the parishes of Dronfield, Norton, Dore, Totley, Holms-
field, Beauchief, Coal Aston, Unstone, and Barlow.
Such other persons residing in the several other parishes, not above mentioned, as adjoin
or are near Chesterfield, are desired to send their weights there to us before the l8th of
February, as after such time, and before the next Sessions, a general search (of which no
notice will be given) will be made in every parish throughout the said Hundred, and all such
weights and balances as shall then, or at any future time be found false or defective, will be
forthwith broke and destroyed, and informations laid against the owners thereof, pursuant to
the said Act of Parliament. JOHN CARTER, Bolsover.
GEORGE GOSLING, Chesterfield.
Chesterfield, 16th Jan., 1797.
Among the county papers is a small account-book, detailing the
exact action and expenses of Examiners Carter and Gosling on their
first circuit of inspection. One hundred and twenty-four persons
submitted their weights to be tested. In the ensuing April, the
inspectors paid surprise visits to one hundred and seventy-six shops,
warehouses, and mills, with the result that in several cases weights
were destroyed and their owners summoned and convicted. The
fines imposed varied from Ss. to 40s. The inspectors say : — " The
amount of the present convictions paid into the Treasurer's hands
is £7 17s. 6d., and the inspectors have no doubt, provided they had
during their first inspection caused informations to be laid against
the owners who had defective weights in their possession (there being
few then without them), and not adjusted them, that at least 200
persons must have had informations laid against them, in which case
the fines would have amounted to a large sum of money." The
expenses in this hundred seem surprisingly reasonable, only amount
ing to ;£'20 3s. 3d. In one place in their accounts the inspectors
say : " N.B. — We walked ourselves the whole of our journeys."

208 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Another small paper-covered account-book contains " An Account
of the several persons who have had their Weights and Ballances
tried and adjusted by John Latham and John Sniboon, Inspectors
and Examiners of Weights and Ballances in the Hundred of
Wirksworth, together with an accountt of the expenses incurred by
making a private search in different parts within the said Hundred."
Ashbourne was visited on June 21st and 23rd, and sixty-five persons'
weights inspected. Wirksworth was visited on June 28th, and sixty-
four persons' weights inspected ; the villages of Elton, Cromford,
Brassington, Bonsall, and Middleton bringing their weights, as well
as Wirksworth proper. The other centres in the hundred were
Hartington and Matlock. The expenses for making the circuit, and
of private search in many parts of the hundred, amounted to
£45 3s. 3d., estimated on a much higher scale than in the hundred of
Scarsdale. To this is added : " N.B. — For an Account of the number
of Convictions and Money paid thereon, together with the sum
Defective Weights have been sold for — see the account delivered to
Mr. Maynard."
From the County Treasurer's Account from Easter, 1797. to
Easter, 1798, we find that the county paid £78 Os. 6d. for standard
weights and scales for their different inspectors, and that the money
received from the fines imposed on defaulters amounted to
;^37 IIS. i|d. No other inspectors' accounts were paid this year
save those for Scarsdale hundred ; it would look as if the other
accounts were held over for re-adjustment.
The only other papers pertaining to this subject that we have
noticed among the county records are the sheets of convictions,
giving names, dates, and full particulars of offending traders in the
single district of the hundred of High Peak for the year 1822. The
record is certainly most startling, in the disgraceful revelation it
makes of the then prevalence of the sin of cheating. Two hundred
and sixty-seven summonses were granted against traders in the
High Peak during that one year, out of which there were two
hundred and fifty-six convictions for false weights or measures. The
county finances actually profited by the transaction, for the fines
amounted to £107 los. 6d., and the sale of defective weights and
measures to £1$ 6s. sjd., which, after deducting the whole of the
legal and inspecting expenses, left a balance to the good of
;^I4 17s. 9Jd.

HEMP AND FLAX. 209

Ibemp anb 3flay.
Previous to the Restoration, the use of linen in England was
somewhat of a luxury. It was only the rich who could use the
imported fine linens or hollands ; but much of the household and
coarser linen was manufactured in Cheshire and Lancashire. After
the Restoration, foreign linen from France, Germany, and Holland,
came into England in so much larger quantities, owing to improve
ment' of manufacture and the cheapness of their readily-grown flax
and hemp, that our manufactories as well as household spinning
almost came to an end.
Various protective enactments were now brought into play, as, for
instance, the burying in woollen, to lessen importarion of linen, of
50 Charies II. ; then linen was prohibited coming to us from France.
At aHater period, when French cambrics and lawns came into fashion,
a very heavy duty was imposed, out of which a bounty was to be paid
to English manufacturers who exported to Africa, America, Portugal,
or Spain ; and, in 1745, the entry of these goods was totally
prohibited under a penalty, which might be recovered from the
husband should the wife incur it by wearing them.*
The raw material for the manufacture — viz., undressed flax, and
undressed hemp for coarser use — we allowed, in 173 1, to be imported
duty free. In George III.'s reign duties on foreign linen were again
raised, by Acts of his 7th and loth years, out of which bounties were
to be provided for encouraging the growth of hemp and flax. This
project was further defined in 1782, when an Act to last for five years
was passed, assigning ;^i 5,000 from these duties to promote the
raising and dressing of hemp and flax, at the rate of 3d. a stone for
dressed hemp and 4d. a stone for dressed flax. This Act, on its
expiration, was renewed for seven years.f This bounty was to be
received by the grower or other person who properly broke and
prepared the hemp or flax for the market. The person applying for
the bounty was to state in writing full particulars of the amount
claimed, the field and parish where grown, to obtain the signature of
the parish officials to the justice of his claim, and, further, to obtain
the endorsement of a justice of the peace after making oath before

* 15 George II., c. 29; 18 George II., c. 36 ; and 21 George II., c. 26.
t 21 George III., c. 50 ; 2i George III., c. 43.
IS

2IO THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
him. The person who obtained the bounty, as a further precaution,
had to enter into a bond, of treble the value of the bounty, with the
clerk of the peace, with two sureties approved by the justices of the
session, as to the truth of the claim.
The county records contain a large bundle of these certificates
and their accompanying bonds — all of the hundred of Scarsdale,
between the years 1783 and 1797— which afford proof that a very
considerable and widespread growth of flax resulted in Derbyshire
from these Acts. The flax was grown in the following townships
of the hundred :— Alfreton, Bolsover, Bariborough, Beighton, Bramp
ton, Chesterfield, Dronfield, Eckington, Glapwell, Heath, Hault
Hucknall, Killamarsh, Norton, Pleasley, Scarcliffe, Shirland, Stoney
Haughton, Unston, North Wingfield, and Whitwell. The following
is a copy of the first of these certificates : —
This is to Certify that John Wood of Mansfield in the County of Nottm. did grow Two
Hundred & Six Stones of flax Broken & Properly prepared for Market at 141b to the Stone
in a Close called the Comone Close in the Parish of Pleasley in .the County of Derby in the
year of our Lord 1783.
Likewise the said John Wood did grow Fifty two Stones of flax 141b to the Stone Broken
& Properly prepared for Market in a Close called the Longman nook in the Parish of
Pleasley in the Countey of Derby in the year of our lord 1783.
Witness my hand John Wood,
We the Churchwardens do believe the above Clame to be true.
(¦ Willm. Dane, Corch Wardin
Witness our hands | .^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^-^^^ ^^ ^1^^ p^^^
Derbyshire. The above named John Wood came before me first day of Oct. 1783 & made Oath that
he did grow & prepare for Market the several Quantities of two hundred & six Stones &
fifty two Stones of Flax as is set forth in this certificate. Tristram Revell.

Mool-wint>ers.
The skilled workmen brought by Edward III. into England from
Flanders so materially improved the manufacture of cloth from the
always excellent English wool, that the woollen trade became by far
the most important industry of the country. The statutes bristle
with enactments for the protection and regulation of this manufacture.
Our search among the county records has only brought to light a
single document that has any immediate relation to this trade and
its control.

COTTON MILLS. 211
By a clause in an Act of Henry VIII., which was made perpetual
by an Elizabethan statute, no one was allowed to exercise the handi
craft of a wool-winder until he was furnished with a certificate from a
wool-grower, and had taken an oath to abstain from fraudulent
practices.* Among the records are the following certificate and oath
of the end of last century.
This is to certify that the bearer hereof William Curtis is properly qualified to be a
Winder of Wool as Witness our hands this I2th day of Aprill 1790.
Tho. Webb

lies J

, Growers of Wool.
Tho. Hollies

I WiUiam Curtis of Tutbury in the county of Stafford Wool Winder do swear that I will
truly & justly without deceit wind & fold all & singular the wool which I shall lake upon me
to wind & fold, without leaving or putting any Clay, Lead, Stones, Sand, Tails, deceitful
locks, Lamb Wool, or any other Thing whereby the Fleece may be made more weighty, to
the Deceit & Loss of the Buyer ; and that I will not use any other Deceit, Craft, Guile, or
Fraud, in the winding or folding of any such aforesaid wool.So help me God. Wm. Curtis.

Cotton flDiIIa.
It would be strange if the county of Strutt and of Arkwright
had no reference among its later papers to the cotton industry.
Accordingly, among the Derbyshire records we find some of the
earliest accounts of factory inspecting, that are well worth noting,
as showing the great strides that have been made in tliis direction,
especially in the hours of labour, which were appallingly severe
for young persons at the beginning of the century.
The first legislative interference with the trade, so far as the work
people were concerned, was by an " Act for the Preservation of the
Health and Morals of Apprentices and others employed in Cotton
and other Mills and Cotton and other Factories," which came into
operarion on June 2nd, i8o2.t By this Act it was ordered that the
rooms should be whitewashed twice a year and be well ventilated ;
that the hours of work were not to exceed twelve hours, exclusive of
meal times ; that no apprentice was to be compelled to work before
six in the morning or after nine at night, save in mills of over 1,000
spindles, where night work might be done up to June, 1804; that

23 Henry VIII., c. 17 ;and 13 Elizabeth, c. 25.
t 42 Geo. III., c. 73.

212

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNAL.S.

apprentices for the first four years of their apprenticeship were to be
instructed each working day in reading, writing, and arithmetic ; and
that regulations were to be made for the instruction of all apprentices
on Sundays. With regard to inspection, the Act provided that two
visitors of such mills and factories were to be appointed yearly at
the Trans. Sessions, one a justice and the other a clergyman, who
were to report yearly as to the observance of the Act ; and that in
counties where there were many mills, visitors might be appointed
for different districts.
The following is the list of the thirty-seven mills or factories
registered in 1803 : —

An Account of Cotton Mills in
this Sessions pursuant to the
Two Cotton Mills or Factories

One Cotton Mill or Factory . .
Hurst Mill 
Charlestown Mill
A Cotton Mill called Belper Mill

Do. called the Milford MiU
Do. called the Forge Mill
Starkey's Mill

The New Mill
The Old Mill
Platts MiU . .

The Warth Mill
The Hurst Mill
Cow Brook Mill
Hadfield Mill
Mill Town Mill

Howard Town New Mill
Howard Town Old Mill
Shepley Mill

Wrennest Mill
Brookfield Mill . .
WooUey Bridge Mill

this County entered with the Clerk of the Peace at
late Act of Parliament, vizt. : —
situate at Bridge End in Glossop belonging to John
Wood.
situate at Charlesworth in the Par. of Glossop, in the
occupon of Do.
situate in the Hamlet of Whitfd., in the Par. of
Glossop belonging to John Kershaw.
situate at Do. in the occupation of John Wood and
Jas. Kershaw.
situate at Belper belonging to Messrs. Edwd. Strutt,
Geo. Benson Strutt, and Jos. Strutt, Esqrs.
situate at Milford belonging to Do.
situate at Do. belonging to Do.
situate in the Parish of Glossop in the occupation ot
Benjn. Waterhouse and Robt. Holland.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Saml. Hodson Sale
and John Harrison.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Thos. Ward.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Saml. Hodson Sale,
and Jno. Harrison.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Robt. Shepley.
situate in the Hamlet of Whitfd. in the occupon of
Jno. Kershaw.
situate in the Par. of Glossop in the occupon of Wm.
Hadfield.
situate in the Hamlet of Whitfield in the occupon of
John Rueby and Isaac Linney.
situate in the Parish of Glossop in the occupon of
John Beely.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Jno. Wood.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Do.
situate in the Hamlet of Whitfield in the occupon of
Wm. Barber and Sons.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Eras. Sumner.
situate in the Hamlet of Hadfield in the occupon of
Saml. Shepley.
situate in Do. in the occupon of Henry Lees.

COTTON MILLS. 213
Waterside Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Padfield in the occupon of
Messrs. Jno. Wm. and Jas. Sidebottom & Co.
The Lower Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Hadfield in the occupon of
Thos. Thornely.
The Higher Mill  situate in Do. in the occupon of Do.
Braddocks Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Padfield in the occupon of
George Piatt.
Clarkes Mill  situate in Do. in the occupon of Wm. Barber.
The Lower Mill  situate in Do. in the occupon of Do.
Padfield Brook Mill . . . . . situate in Do. in the occupon of John Lees.
Bank Wood Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Charlsworth in the occupa
tion of Wm. Wardlow.
Best Hill Mill  situate in Do. in the occupon of Saml. Marsland.
Charlsworth Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Charlsworth in the occupon
of John Wood.
Prim Rose MiU  situate in the Hamlet of Whitfield in the occupon of
Wm. Radcliffe.
Bridge Field Mill .^  situate in Do. in the occupon of Josh. Howard.
Wnilfield Mill . . . . „ . . situate in Do. in the occupon of Jno. and Josh.
Bennett.
Charlstown Mill  situate in Do. in the occupon of John Wood and Jas.
Kershaw.
Kinder Lee Mill  situate in the Hamlet of Charlsworth in the occupon
of Benjn. Harrison.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1808, the following visitors were appointed
under tiiis Act for the different hundreds : —

F. N. C. Mundy, Esq.
Rev. Nicholas Bayley
Dr. Denman
Rev. James Grundy
John Radford, Esq.
Rev. Charles S. Hope
Ashton N. Mosley, Esq.
Rev. Samuel Pearson
W. Attwood Lord, Esq.
Rev. Thomas Webster
Philip Gell, Esq.
Rev. John Chawner
We are fortunate in having a single instance of the report of a
visitor preserved. It is the report of Mr. M. M. Middleton, who was
then the justice inspector for the hundred of High Peak : —
My Report was delivered in at this Session. Leam i8th Apl. i8u
Report of Cotton Mills and Factories inspected from the last Midsummer Sessions to the
present date, by me M. M. Middleton.

Appletree. High Peak.
Morleston and Litchurch.
Repton and Gresley.
Scarsdale.Wirksworth.

214 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Names of Mills.

Masters or overlookers.

Condition of the Mill.

I.

Dinting, near Glossop.

Mr. Thomas Chadwick.

Clean.

2. 3-
4. 5-6.

ShipleyBridge End
Shipley Mill, Glossop.
Whitfield, near Glossop.
Charlstown ,,

John Shaw
George Burgess.
Robert Shipley.
Messrs. J. & W. Kirshaw
Mr. George Robinson

Directed to be whitewashed & the
upper room ventilated.
Clean. Dirty.
. Very clean.
Clean.

7- 8.

Hayfield
Goddard, at New Mills.

Aaron Barnsley.
James Pollet.

Requires ventilation.
Do.

9-

Forr

Danl. Stafford.

Do. & white-washing.

10.

Grove „

Charles Walker.

Do. & Do.

At the above Mills no Apprentices were taken.

At the following Mills there are Apprentices taken
Mellor. — Mr. Oldknow. Very clean.
Any commendation of mine must fall short of Mr. Oldknow's very meritorious conduct
towards the Apprentices under his care, whose comfort in eveiy respect seems to be his
study ; they were all looking very well and extremely clean.
Litton Mill.— Mr. Ellis Needham. Clean.
I found the house, in which the Apprentices board and lodge very clean : but two of
them having come to me with a complaint of being worked too hard, and of not having
sufficient support, I thought it right to examine some of the Apprentices upon oath as to the
facts they complained of, and the substance of their deposition is as follows; viz., "That
they go into the Mill about ten minutes from six o'clock in the morning, and stay there
from ten to fifteen minutes after nine in the evening, excepting the time allowed for dinner,
which is half to three quarters of an hour ; that they have water-porridge for breakfast and
supper, and generally oatcake and treacle or oatcake and poor broth for dinner ; that they
are instructed in writing and reading on Sundays."
Mr. John Needham said that the Mill was useless, and the Apprentices unemployed for a
month in the winter in consequence of pulling down a water-wheel.
Cressbrook Mill. — Mr. William Newton. Clean.
Upon enquiring of the Apprentices here, how they lived, I received for answer, " that
they go into the MiU at six o'clock in the morning and come out again at eight o'clock in
the evening, that they have an hour allowed for dinner, are very comfortable, and live well.
Their diet consists of milk or milk-porridge for breakfast and supper, and they have flesh
meat every day at dinner. They looked well and appeared perfectly satisfied with their
situation.

Bridges,
Bridges differed materially from highways, inasmuch as the repair
of them, save quite exceptionally, never fell upon the parish. The
origin of this is supposed to arise from the fact that brooks, streams,
and rivers are very often the boundary lines of parishes, whence the
bridge crossing such watercourse could not be said to be in either
parish. The old common law is quite clear that of common right

BRIDGES. 2 1 5
the whole county must repair bridges. True, an Act, usually termed
the Statute of Bridges, was passed in the reign of Henry VIII.,*
enacting that counties should do these repairs, but it was but a
declaratory Act of the previously understood common law. The
obligation that is imposed on all counties to repair all public bridges
extends not merely to the bridge itself, but to the roads at each end,
the extent being fixed by the statute just quoted to three hundred
feet " from any of the ends of it." This provision seems to have
originated in the difficulty of ascertaining the exact termination of
the arches.
The remarkable and ancient bridge at Swarkeston over the Trent,
has, from its great length, given rise to much litigation, not only at
Quarter Sessions, but on two occasions in the King's Bench. The
span of the bridge over the river is only 138 yards, but the whole
length is 1,304 yards, or little less than two-thirds of a mile. It was
stated in 1745 that at the east end there were five arches over the
Trent, and at the west end eight, under one of which a stream flowed,
but that the centre of the bridge was a raised causeway carried
over low-lying meadows, having twenty-nine arches in it at varying
intervals, most of which were over pools, and under all of which the
water of the Trent flowed at the time of floods. It was decided
that the whole structure was properly and legally a bridge, and
that therefore the whole of the repair was obligatory on the county.
The bridge in its unwidened state was only between eleven and
twelve feet wide throughout its whole course. Parts of the masonry
prove that the construction of this bridge dates back to the thirteenth
century ; and the bridge then made was most probably the successor
to one of earlier date.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1713, the question of Swarkeston bridge
was considered, and it was " Ordered by this Court that John Harding
Esqr One of her Ma'ties Justices of the peace for the County of
Derby be desired to accept the trouble of overseer of Swerkeston
Bridge and that he be overseer accordingly and from time to time
as occasion shall require order such repairs and amendmts thereof
as he shall adjudge proper."
At the very next sessions, this bridge and the damage done by
navigation were under consideration, with the following result : —
It being represented to this Court by Isaac Kirk Mason who is by this Court appoynted
Surveyor of all the bridges in this County that sev'all persons have & still do navigate with
* 22 Henry VIII., w. 5.

2l6 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
boats & barges & other vessels thro Swerkiston bridge Situate on the river Trent in this
County & thereby do very great damage to the same bridge by putting up piles & otherways.
It is ordered therefore by this Court that the Clerk of the Peace do & shall imediately
appoint the sd Isaac Kirk & what other workmen he shall think fit needful & proper to fix
chains across the Arches of the sd bridge or drive Stakes or Piles in the same or otherwise
to oppose & hinder all p'sons passing thro the same bridge except such as first p'cure liberty
to pass thro the same from Mr. Richard Sheperd who lives upon the sd bridge & is left
capable of judgeing of any prejudices that may be done to the same.
I do hereby by virtue of the authority given me by this order appoint Isaac Kirk &
his servants & labourers to be the workmen for the purposes mentioned in the sd Order.
Witness my hand 2nd Ocbr 1713
Joseph Hayne Clerk of the peace
for the County aforesd.
Two years later the Orders of Sessions contain this order : —
" Ordered by this Court that the sum of ffifteen shillings and
ten pence be raised in this County and pd into ye hands of the
Tre'ar at or before the next Sessions to pay Thomas Fowks for
making an Iron chain for the p'servation of Swarkiston bridge
being a County bridge."
In 1752, 1767, and 1771, Swarkeston bridge was presented for
being out of repair. The presentment of 1781 alleged that it was
in great decay and dangerous for horses and carriages. From that
date up to 1795, presentments were made nearly every year,
when at last a policy of patching was abandoned, and it was
agreed that the part over the river itself must be re-built or
strengthened and widened.
The maintenance of this bridge has ever been a serious charge to
the county. The average expenditure on Swarkeston bridge for the
last ten years of last century was .^64 3s. per annum ; and during
1800-2 no less a sum than ;^i,78o was spent on widening the five
arches that actually span the Trent.
We suppose the winter of 1789-90 was a severe one ; there is a
charge for that year of ;^i 3s. for " clearing the ice at Swarkeston
Bridge." Having thus gone through some of the leading items pertaining to
the records of this great bridge, we now revert to earlier documents
pertaining to the general bridges of the county.
The following interesting letter, relative to the damage done to
Tutbury bridge in 1648, is the earliest document of the kind among
the county records.
Sr Upon Saturday last I melt Sir Edward Vernon & Mr. John Agard together with our High
Constable & divers others very sufficient persons at Tutbury Bridge where we took a Survey

BRIDGES.

217

of the devastations which the River hath made upon the way & the eminent danger of the
Bridge, the way which leads to Scropton is worne away & the river hath worne a guUett at
that end of the bridge next to this County soe that another flood or two will make it wholly
useless unles a speedy course be taken by floytering & gravelling. It is conceived that less
than 200 pounds will not for the present be able to effect this business therefore if you please
to acquaint the rest of the gentlemen herewith & accordingly to impose a tax upon the
counly for the worke for the same you shall do a very acceptable service for this Counly, Sir
{sic) our High Constable & Mr. Bagnold will attend you with the order of the judge herein
& give you a more particular information than this of yor : humble servant.
Ash, Octbr 3, 1648. Sa : Sleigh.
I thinke Mr. Bagnold & Mr. Poundall of Marston & Mr. Montgomery & Eld
of Scropton will be fit Treasurers & Surveyors of this worke, but I submit to
your wisdome.
[Endorsed.] It is referred to the justices at next monthes meeting in that hundred to
cerlifie. For my honored friend Sir George Gresley
Knt & Barronet at Derby.
The next year yields an instance of a parochial presentment to
the court.
October the first 1649.
These may be to Certifie to the righte worshipfuU bench That whereas Baslowe bridge over
the river Darwin hath severall tymes beene presented in this Courte for wante of repaire for
which wee whose names are hereunder wrytten doe specific to this Courte that without
speedy repaire itt will bee an undoinge to the Countye therefore wee desire the worshipfuU
benche to take itt into theire good Consitheracion.
Geo Greaves John Greaves
Henry Lees James Hewett minister of Baslowe.
[And seven others].
The following long petition relative to a bridge over the Amber is
undated, but is of the later Commonweath period : —
To the WorshipfuU Bench att Derbye.
The humble petition of the Inhabitants of Shirland & Higham, whose names are hereto
subscribed. Humbly sheweth Whereas there is an ancient stone bridge of two Arches over the river of
Amber, in the highwaye betwixt Wassington and Higham, wch waye is much used to the
Marketts, Colepilts, & the like. Now soe it is that by longe continuance of tyme, ihe said
River hath worne a new passage and the said ancient bridge is growne alltogeither uselesse,
and another narrow bridge made where the water (especially in Lingestonde) wants passage ;
By reason whereof & the many great flouds wch have happned this p'sent Winter, the
Causies & Banks are broken & borne downe ; soe that the wayes here are become very
dangerous for passengers.
In consideration whereof & for as much as the takeing up of the said ancient bridge and
buildinge it in a Convenient place where the said River may have good passage under it,
(without which it is in vaine to repaire the breaches) Which by the view of Workmen, will
amount to the sume of fiftee pounds at the least or above, which is a worke of farr greater
Charge than the said Inhabitants of Shirland & Higham are able of themselves to undergoe.
May it therefore please the WorshipfuU Bench (the premisses considered) to grant an order
for the Levyeinge and Assessinge of ye said Sume of fiftee poundes in the Countrye (as in the

2l8 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Uke cases is accustomed) To be imployed for the buildinge of the said bridge, for the ease &
saftye of Passengers, wch otherwayes is like to prove verye dangerous. And the said
Inhabitants shall ever pray for your Worpps severally & happiness long to continue.
Edward Revell John Payne
Edw : Payne Thomas Ludlam
[and 34 others].
In 1658, William Horobyn, whose presentments at the same time
with respect to highways have been already quoted, presented a ford
and a bridge.
Wee present the Inhabitants of ye parish of Duffeild in ye County aforesayd for not
repayring and mending a Foarde in ye River of Derwent called Duffeild Foarde used for all
Carts & Carriages being in ye sayd Parish in great decay, & ought by them to be repayred.
Wee present ye Inhabitants of Egginton parish for not repayring of the Bridges upon ye
roade leading to Muncks great Bridge in ye sayd parish being in great decay, & ought by
them to be repayred. William Horobyn.
[Endorsed] Wee doe find this to be a True Bill.
This ford at Duffield was almost opposite the present railway
station. In the year 17 14, the court voted £^0 to be given by the
treasurer as a gratuity " for and towards the repair of Duffield Ford,
the same 'oeing of great use to preserve Duffield bridge, being a
county bridge." This ford is marked on the enclosure map of 1791
as then used, with a lane leading down to it on each bank. The old
Roman ford, which the author found and identified in 1887 at
Duffield, was a little higher up the river, just opposite the old castle.*
At the Epiph. Sessions, 1682, the court made a long general order
with regard to the bridges, which it may be well to quote in extenso : —
Whereas by an Order of this Court att the Generall quarter Sessions held at Bakewell in
and for this County the Eleaventh day of July last made Upon the Informacion of divers
Inhabitants resideinge neare severall County Bridges in this County that the same were out
of rep'e Itt was then referred to Simon Holt the County Mason together with some of the
respective Inhabitants liveinge neare to the said respective County Bridges to viewe the same
and report their Judgmts to this Court what repaires are necessary to bee made thereof and
what such repaires of each Bridge will cost respectively to the end this Court might grant
such further Order therein for the raising such sume of money for repaire of the same as
should bee sufficient for that purpose ; And whereas by the severall reports and Informacion
made and delivered in Court this p'sent Sessions in pursuance of the said Order, Itt doth
appeare. That the Severall Bridges hereafter mentioned are out of repaire, and that it will
cost respective sumes hereafter likewise mentioned for repaire of the same respectively. That
is to say Rowsly Bridge nine pounds Swerkeston Bridge Eighty pounds Matlocke Bridge
Thirty pounds Darwent Bridge One hundred Pounds Duffield bridge Five pounds North
Bridge I'ive Pounds Heyfeild Bridge Five Pounds Killamarsh Bridge fifteene pounds
Neathershall Bridge in Hope Seaven pounds and p'te of Hanging Bridge Fifty pounds In
the whole Three hundred and Six pounds. Itt is Ordered by this Court that the Clerke of
* See Derbyshire Archceological and Natural History Societies' Journal, Vol. IX.

BRIDGES.

219

the peace issue out of Warrts to the Severall Head Constables in this County : for the
raiseinge leaveyeinge and collecting the said Three hundred and six pounds after the usuall
manner of Trayned Soldiers betwixt this and the next Sessions And that the severall high
Constables pay in their severall p'portions of the same att the next Sessions in manner and
forme foUoweinge That is to say that severall p'portions of the nine pounds for repaire of
Rowsly Bridge to Mr. John Stenson And Mr. Rowland Mason theire sev'all p'portions of the
Eighty pounds for repaire of Swerkeston Bridge to Mr. John Adderley Clerke of the peace
Their sev'all p'portions of the Thirty pounds for repaire of Matlocke Bridge to Adam
Woolly and Stephen Badesly Their sev'all p'portions of the One hundred pounds for repaire
of Darwent Bridge to Henry Balguy, Jun. Esqr. Their sev'all p'portions of the five pounds
for repaire of Duffield Bridge to Mr. Arthur Lowe Their severall p'portions of the five ,
pounds for repaire of North Bridge to Thomas Smyth of Stavely Their Sev'all p'portions
of the fifteene pounds for repaire of Killamarsh Bridge to Robert Harrison and George
Savadge Their sev'all p'portions of the seaven pounds for repaire of Neathershall bridge in
Hope to Mr. Hall of Goosehill Their sev'all p'portions of the Fifty pounds for repaire of
Hanging Bridge to Sr William Boothby Knt and Barrt and Thomas Ruddiere Esqe And
that the said severall p'sons bee Overseers of the worke done att the Bridges for repaire
whereof the severall sumes before mentioned are made payable to them respectively and
sev'ally to Account to this Court for the same soe soone as the said severall Bridges are
repaired. And that Simon Holt the County Mason bee imployed to doe the said worke at
the said severall Bridges p'vided hee Undertake to doe it as well and at as cheape rate as
other Masons Always p'vided And itt is Ordered by this Court that the fifty pounds ordered
to be raised for repaire of Hanging Bridge bee not drawne into p'sident hereafter to charge
this County with repair of any p'te of the said Bridge. It being only the intent of this
Court that the same bee laid out at p'sent de bene esse for repaire of the same for the better
and safer passage of his Maties Subjects and only untill it bee p'ved by Records or by
Judgment of twelve men that the County of Derby ought to repair any p'te thereof which as
yet doth not appeare to this Court.
From this time onward, there is scarcely a recorded sessions at
which more or less bridge orders were not made ; we give two
or three of the longer and more noteworthy entries of this
description :- —
Trans. 1682. Darley Bridge.
Whereas in pursuance of an Order of last Sessions Mr Arthur Lowe and Mr John Fox
have viewed Darley bridge in this County and have certified that the said Bridge consisting
of Seaven Arches three of the said Arches are filled up and the openinge of them being the
fifth arch would tend much to the p'servacion of the said Bridge and that there must bee cut
away above the said fifth arch about Twenty five yards in length and belowe the Arch forty
yards in length and ahout Eight yards in breadth, for a free passage of the water, and that
the Charge of doeing the same will amount to forty pounds. To all which Mr George Wood
of Wabebridge p'sent in Court alledged that the Ground certified fit to be Cut away was his
freehold and that it would bee much to his damadge to have it cut away as aforesaid and
therefore prayed it might bee divided by some Justices of the peace, before any of the
Ground was cut away ; It is Ordered by this Court that forty pounds bee levyed in this
County for repair of the said Bridge and paid to Mr Arthur Lowe, and Mr John Fox
appoynted Overseer of the worke by this Court and they to accompt for the same, as soon
as the worke is finished and this Court desires that two of the next justices of the peace doe
forthwith viewe the said Bridge in Order to contrive that in the cuttinge of the Ground as
afores'd as little p'judice as may bee dqne to Mr. Wood, and hee the said Mr Wood to bee
concluded with the Judgmt of the said two Justices therein as hee himselfe hath consented
to in Court.

220 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Mich. 1693. Yorkshire Bridge.
This Court beinge Informed at the begininge of this Sessions by a Certificate Under the
Hands of Mr William Eyre of Highlow Mr Henry Balguy of Darwent and Mr Benjamin
Ashton of Hathersage That whereas by an Order of last Sessions at Bakewell the Sume ol
forty pounds was given for the repaire of Yorkshire Bridge within the Hundred of High
Peake That the said Bridge beinge a Wood Bridge Stood in frequent need of such large
Sumes to repair it And that it was much more for the Countyes Interest to Convert it into
a Stone Bridge there beinge plenty of Stone near at Hand And the Masons that have
viewed it beinge willinge to Undertake to make it with three Turned Arches for one
hundred and Thirty pounds It is therefore Ordered by this Court that Twenty five pounds
wch wth the forty pounds already given makes up one Moity of the Said Sume of one
hundred and Thirty pounds bee forthwith raised and that Sixty five pounds more the residue
of the said Sume of one hundred and Thirty pounds be raised the next Epiphany Sessions
and paid at or before Easter Sessions next into the Hands of the said WiUiam Eyre Henry
Balguy & Benjam. Ashton whoe are desired to see the same Laid out for the aforesaid
Purpose And to Account for the same at the next Sessions after the worke shall be finished.
East. 1698 School House Bridge, Ashbourne.
Whereas by a former Order of this Court granted att the instance of the Inh'itants of
Ashborne in this County desireinge the Assistance of the County towards the repair of a
Certaine Bridge called the Schoole-house Bridge in Ashborne aforesaid and a certaine p'cell
of Stone was bought and laid down at the charge of this County and intended to bee given
to the said Inh'itants as a gratuity towards the buildinge of the said Bridge And whereas the
Court being Informed that Mr. WUliam James of Ashborne in kindness to the said Towne
of Ashborne would alt his owne Charge being Allowed the said Stone soe bought as
aforesaid togeather wth the Materialls of the old Bridge Erect and build a good new foot
Bridge of Timber in roome of the said old Bridge This Court doth Consent that the said
Mr. James shall have the said Stone and the said old Bridge And doth therefore Order and
it is Ordered by this Court (by and with the Consent of the Inh'itants of Ashborne aforesaid)
That the said Mr WUliam James bee hereby Authorized and impowered to take to his owne
proper Use the said Stone already laid downe And the Materialls belonginge to the said old
Bridge and erect and make a new foot Bridge instead thereof accordingly And it is further
Ordered and declared by this Court by the Consent aforesaid That neither the Stone given
by this Court nor the erectinge and buildinge the Foot Bridge as aforesaid by the said Mr
James shall bee nor is intended to bee a p'sident for this County or for the said Mr James
to Charge either the said County or the said Mr James with the repair of the said Bridge
for the future.
In 1682, the court appointed Simon Holt, mason, as surveyor of
the bridges, paying him at the rate of 2s. 6d. per day. He was also
allowed to contract for repairs. His services were not, however,
always acceptable. In 1699, the question of the repair of Renishaw
bridge, over which so much of the iron from the Sitwells celebrated
ironworks passed, came before the court, with the result that Mr.
George Sitwell, as one of the justices, obtained leave to act as sur
veyor and clerk of the works in this particular case.* He delivered

* See a most interesting article on these Ironworks in the seventeenth century in Vol.
IX. of \.he Journal of the Derbyshire Archceological and Natural History Society, from the
pen of Sir George SitweU, Bart.

BRIDGES. 221
to the grand jury at the sessions held at Chesterfield on October 3rd,
1699, the most minute particulars of the way in which the money
(;^29 14s. lod.) had been expended, the whole being copied into the
Order Book. The largest item is £2 3s., which was paid " to Symon
Holt for his pains and Charges comeing to view the decays of the
said Bridge and Causey by Order of Sessions, and to keep him from
comeing to doe his worke, by reason wee could doe it much Cheaper
than. he would have taken it." Labourers were paid at lod. and 8d.
a day, and masons at I2d. and I4d. per day. Two women labourers
were also paid 8d. for a day's work. A handbarrow cost lod., and
six baskets is., and three strikes of lime is. id. Many loads of
" sinders " from the adjacent forges were spread upon the causeway.
From 1695 downwards, there are a large number of presentments
by the High Constables of the different hundreds with regard to
defective and dangerous bridges. The majority of these present
ments are endorsed as true bills by the Grand Jury, who append
all their signatures.
The bridges seem to have been well looked after in Queen Anne's
reign. ;^i6o was spent on Tutbury bridge, £71 on Belper bridge,
.^75 on Hague bridge over the Etherow, ;^50 on Rowsley bridge,
£46 on Darley bridge, and ;^40 on Baslow bridge, etc., etc. Owing
to heavy floods in 1706-7, ;^500 was spent on the three bridges of
Grindleford, Froggat, and Yorkshire.
In 1708, ;^20 was paid by the county " as a free gift towards
making a bridge over the river Derwent " at Hazelford, where, as the
name implies, there was an ancient ford. A year later the bridge
was almost completed, the county having increased its bounty to a
total of ;^50 SS. 6d. It was intended to be a wooden bridge carried
on two stone abutments and two pillars of stone built in the stream,
but " the worke was unfortunately taken downe by a flood before the
wood was laid over.'' After this misfortune, the court of Quarter
Sessions was again applied to, " and from the occasion there was for
a Bridge at that place they were pleased to encourage the workes by
giving twenty pounds and promising twenty more on a new applica
tion." Mr. Ashton and Mr. Nodder, two of the High Peak justices,
entered into articles with Ezra Moreton, a mason, of Hallome, co.
York, to erect a stone bridge of three arches. But " when the said
three arches were finished, finding them to be insufficient to receive
the water in a large flood, they further agreed with the said Ezra
Moreton to make another arch and a causeway at each end of the

222 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
bridge, containing in the whole thirty-five yards." The total cost of
this stone bridle bridge was ;^i66 6s. The question of payment
came before the Trans. Sessions, 1 710, when it transpired that ;^6o
had been paid by the county, ;^S0 by neighbouring gentlemen and
inhabitants, and .£^10 had been subscribed " by the inhabitants of
Bradford in the County of Yorke." The reason for this Yorkshire
contribution doubtless arose from the fact that the woollen goods of
Bradford came largely into the county on pack horses by this route.
The requisite balance of ;£^46 6s. id. was paid by the county at this
sessions to, what was termed by redundancy of expression, " Hazelford
Ford Bridge."
In 1708, the court contributed ;^20 as "' a free gift " towards making
Crowdycote bridge, Hartington, " a stone bridge for horses."
At the Trans. Session, 1714, the court ordered " that Isaac Kirk
bridge master of this county do demolish deface or pull down all
manner of inscriptions carved or engraven in posts or stones set upon
any bridges in this County purporting the same to be County bridges
except on those that actually are so." Isaac Kirk, a mason, of
Shirland, had been appointed' in the previous year surveyor of the
bridges at a salary of ;£'io, at the court's pleasure.
A petition was presented at the Mich. Sessions, 1714, from
freeholders and inhabitants of Chapel-en-le-Frith, asking for the
benevolence of the court " to enable the makeinge of a Bridge over a
rapid Brook called Smithy Brook near the towne of Chappell in le
Fryth and also towards cutting a trench four hundred yards in length
to turn the River called Blake brooke betwixt Chapell parish and
Bugsworth which has by the rapidness and force thereof utterly ruined
the King's highway adjoining thereto at a place called Crispend."
The court ordered a gift of ;^i2, but "that for the future there never
be any more money given to the repair of the said Smithy Bridge.''
In 17 16, Isaac Kirk was discharged from the office of bridge
surveyor. About this time various disputes arose between the counties of
Derby and Stafford, as to the joint county bridges over the Dove.
Each county accused the other "of carrying their water works too
farr into the River to cast the current and weight of the same upon
the other. Harmonious action was proposed, and the two clerks of
the peace were, at the Epip. Sessions, 17 17, desired to meet. This
resulted in a joint committee of justices of the two counties being
formed to control the repairs of the bridges of Mappleton, Coldwall,

BRIDGES. 223
and Hanging Bridge, as well as of three bridges at Tutbury. The
Derbyshire justices were Sir John Every, Brooke Boothby, John
Fitzherbert, and Baptist Trott ; whilst those of Staffordshire were
Henry Vernon, Thomas Kinnersley, and Archibald Grosvenor.
The question of Alport ford, over the Lathkil, came before the
court in July, 1718. It was stated that the King's highway from
Manchester and Stockport to Derbyand London passed over it, and
that, lying in a bottom, the river there often overflowed. There was
a steep fall immediately below the ford. Recent heavy rains had torn
up the channel, and rendered it impassable for eight or ten days
together. " Carriers with loaden horses and passengers cannot pass
the said Road without great danger of being cast away." All this
was sworn to in court, and that men's lives and goods were frequently
in danger at that ford, by many witnesses. It was argued that a
horse bridge was most urgently needed, for " great gangs of London
Carriers Horses as well as great drifts of Malt Horses, and other
dayly carriers and passengers " use the ford. The bridge was
ordered. The following is a presentment of the Grand Jury at the Epip.
Sessions, 1748 : —
We the Grand Jury of the Lord the King & the body of this County at the General
Quarter Sessions of the Peace held in & for the said County this loth day of January 1748
do present a certain Horse Bridge over the River Dove lying in Aston in the said County
called Aston Bridge to be so much out of Repair as to be in danger of immediate falling
And we present & say that if there was a Carriage Bridge erected at the same place it would
be of utmost utility to this County and absolutely necessary to be done for the safety of
Passengers the Passage over the said River there being very much used by Travellers from
many parts of the Kingdom but more especially by the Subject of our said- Lord the King
residing in this County & ye Neighboring County. And Us the Jurors aforesaid do further
present that it is altogether unknown to us nor can we find any Persons lands Tenements or
Body Politic ought of right or by ancient custom repair the same or any part thereof
Witness our hands
Tho: Wagstaff [& 13 other jurors].
In 1766, J. Brough, High Constable of Morleston and Litchurch,
presented Hanging Bridge over the Dove as " very dangerous for
Chaises and other Carriages to pass by reason of the sudden
Declivity of the Hill upon such narrow part, all which inconvenience
I humbly apprehend can be removed by no other meanes than
widening the said Bridge, as appears upon a View lately taken
by me thereof"
Between 1770 and 1800, a good many of the Derbyshire bridges
were widened, especially in the Peak district ; pack horses bridges

224

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

were rebuilt for wheels, and the older wheel bridges were, in some
cases, widened for greater safety or convenience.
At Mich. Sessions, 1776, James Grove, High Constable of the High
Peak, certified " that Ashford Bridge (being a County Bridge) is so
extreme narrow that it is dangerous for Carriages to pass over the
same, and that the Battlements are very frequently knocked off by
carriages, which renders the Bridge dangerous for Passengers."
Among the county records is a note book of Thomas Sykes, who
held the office of surveyor of bridges and other county works from
1786 to 18 16. It is chiefly taken up with accounts for the repair of
bridges, and extends from 1 791 to 181 3. The most important part
relates to the building of the new bridge at Belper, which was begun
May 25th, 1796, and finished about the close of 1798. It cost
:^2,220 OS. sd.* The old bridge, at this place, was washed away by
an extraordinary flood ; it used to be called John of Gaunt's bridge,
and was said to have been built by him, and to have his arms over
the centre arch. But a century at least after John of Gaunt's death,
a warrant was issued in the reign of Henry VI., to pay twenty pounds
towards building a new bridge over the Derwent for the benefit of the
tenants of Beaurepaire. The armorial stone of that date is still to be
seen in the gable of a house in Belper Lane, where it was built in
when the remains of the old bridge were taken down.

ifiiiiiif'W^^^^^^^

¦¦'^ig!|iil*lii!iifil:p«»vs«^^^^^^^

The arms on the stone, whatever they may be, have no connection
with John of Gaunt. The carving seems to be of iSth century date ;
the stone was probably placed where it stood when the bridge was
rebuilt temp. Henry VI., being the arms of its chief benefactor.

** The specifications and other particulars about the building of this bridge are given in
Vol. XII. of the Journal of the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

HIGHWAYS. 225
A bend between three quatrefoils might pertain to so many families,
that conjecture seems useless.
Sykes' note book also gives full particulars of the widening of
Duffield Bridge, in the year 1803, at a cost of ;^i,025 os. lod.
We find from the treasurer's accounts that the average annual
expenditure of the county on its bridges, during the final ten
years of last century, was £621.
Colonel Colvile drew up several interesting returns relative to
the bridges, which are kept with the county records ; it had
been our intention to give these in an appendix, but lack of
space forbid.s.
There is a calendar of bridges which the county is bound to
repair, the place where situate, the river which they cross, and the
period when first built or ordered to be repaired (if ascertainable).
One of these lists is arranged according to hundreds, arid another
according to petty sessional districts.
There is also a calendar taken from returns furnished in the
year 1836 by the parochial authorities, giving the names and
descriptions of those bridges or culverts not repaired by the
county, by whom built, and by whom kept in repair.
We noticed, some fifteen years ago, at Derwent, a good instance of
the old pack-horse stone bridge ; it was obviously of pre-Reformation
date, the centre stone of the battlement on one side still showing the
base whence the cross or crucifix had been knocked off. The old
bridges, at both Bakewell and Ashford, at that time also showed on
the battlements the bases of the crucifixes, which were the invariable
pious accompaniment of the medieval bridge.

Ibigbwa^s.
At common law the obligation to repair all highways lay, from
early days, upon the parishes through which they passed, and they
could be indicted at the sessions for their neglect ; but it was not
until the year ISSS that it was incumbent on any particular officer to
call the parish together and set them to this work. At that date
" the statute for mending of Highways " * became law, by which it

* 2 and 3 Philip and Mary, c. 8.
i6

226 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
was enacted that " the Constables and Churchwardens of every
parish shall yearly, upon the Tuesday or Wednesday in Easter week,
call together a number of the Parishioners, and shall then elect and
choose two honest persons of the parish to be Surveyors and
Orderers for one year of the works for amendment of the Highways
in their Parish." The Constables and Churchwardens were to appoint
days for amending the highways, and " openly in church to give
knowledge of the same days," whilst the Surveyors were to " order
and direct " the persons working on the appointed days. Every
occupier was declared proportionably liable to contribute labour to
the needful work. The Act was to last for seven years. It was
renewed in 1563 with increased powers to the Surveyors ; and in
1587 was made perpetual. Meanwhile, another Act had been passed
in 1576, which made surveyors independent responsible officers of the
parish, and not any longer mere clerks of the works under the
Constables and Churchwardens.*
Soon after the Restoration, by an Act " for enlarging and repairing
of common Highways," a further charge was made in the position of
the surveyors, for they were now empowered to lay an assessment
upon the parish and to render their annual accounts to a parish
meeting, t
The question of the highways, though (unlike the bridges) strictly
a parochial responsibility, came frequently before Quarter Sessions,
and thus found a place in the county records, through indictments and
presentments for neglect or nuisance, and through petitions and
protests as to liability.
There are two petitions extant of the year 1649. The first is
the protest of an inhabitant of Breadsall, against being fined
for neglecting to do his share of the common work on the roads : —
To the right woU his Maties Justices of the peace for this County of Derby
The humble petition of Thomas Cheshire Humbly Sheweth
That whereas your petitioiier is tennt of a Cottage in Bredsall of foure poundes per
annum uppon the rack, and was never charged to bringe any cart to the mending of the
kinges high wayes but only a laboiirer, neither his father before him when hee enjoyed the
same and that both his father and himselfe have beene so carefull to sende such laboure'rs
as no exception hath beene taken agst them by the overseers of the sayd worke neither was
it ever intimated unto your petitioner that more would bee required at his handes so that if
bee hath beene any way defective as to the letter of the statute for not bringinge his carte,, it
was done in ignorance not in contempt beeing very willing henceforwards to doe what

5 Elizabeth, c. 13 ; 18 Elizabeth, c. 10 ; 29 Elizabeth, c. 5.
t 13 and 14 Charles II., c. 6.

HIGHWAYS. 227
shalbee any way reasonably required at his handes for any publick good worke, wherewth
the officers were so well satisfyed that your petitioner was not p'sented at the last sessions
when the Constables p'sentmts were first delivred into ye Court and yett after by the
instigation of some neighbours not well disposed towarde your petitioner (and as your
petitioner is informed it was an Ale house plot) your petitioner was p'sented xxs for not
bringing his Cart to the common worke without notice.
Your petitioner therefore most humbly prayeth (the premisses considered) that the sayd
penalty may bee taken of, or mitigated with as much favour as your worps lawfully may,
and your petitioner will willingly hereafter come so p'pared to the sayd common worke as
the Court shall appoynt, and for your favourable p'ceeding for the p'sent (as in duty bound)
will dayly pray etc.
The other petition is from the surveyor (supervisor) of the roads
of two townships of Chesterfield, asking that an assessment might
be laid upon these townships, as many neglected to do their
share of the work. Until the Act of Charles 1 1., authorising
parochial assessment for such a purpose, a levy of this kind could
only be imposed by the sessions. The court made an order in
accordance with the prayer of the petition.
For ye Right Honoble ye Justices of ye Bench in Sessions
The humble petition of John Fowler of Stonegravels in ye towneshippe of Newbold &
Dunston
Sheweth That whereas your petr is Supervisor of ye highwayes for ye said townes wherein hee now
dwelleth, & but few of ye Inhabitants have helped or paid towards ye mending of ye said
highwayes and many doe refuse both to helpe wth their draughts or to give mony, yt
draughts & labourers might bee hyred according to Lawe & custome. And your petr has
layd out before what hee had received ye sume of five poundes, and still there is much to
bee done, and it will not bee done except your petr should disburse all himselfe for ye
finishing thereof And there is alsoe a bridge called Brearly bridge wch is much out of
repaire. Your petr humbly prayeth your honours to grant an Order yt an Assessemt may bee made
through ye whoU towneshipp of Newbold & Dunston, to pay yor petr his disbursemt & to
goe on wth the perfecting of his worke, namely ye amending ye rest of high wayes wch are
not yet done, & alsoe to repaire ye said bridge.
And your Pelr shall pray etc.
Another petition asking for a highway assessment was presented
by the inhabitants of Calow in the next year : —
To ye right worpll ye Justices of peace in Sessions Assembled.
The humble petition of ye Inhabitants of Calowe. Sheweth that within ye libertyes of
Calpwe there are many high wayes, mightyly in decay by reson of ye many carriaeges of
Coale, leade, & milne stones passing that way.
Itt is therefore prayed that all ye occuppers of lands within ye sayd hamlett, may bee
equally Assessed for repayre of ye same .
At the Easter Sessions, 1656, one of the justices presented a

228 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
portion of the highway leading to Chesterfield for being out of repair
in the following terms : —
" The presentment of John Spateman, Esq., one of ye Justices of
peace of this County of Derby ye iSth day of Aprill, 1656, upon his
owne veiw.
I present the Inhabitants of ye Parish of Chesterfeild for not
repayring of ye highwayes leading betwixt Wingerworth and ye
towne of Chesterfeild, and being within ye sayd Parish. Jo, Spateman."
At the Trans. Sessions, 1658, William Horobyn, who made
various presentments in different hundreds, and who seems to have
been a kind of County Surveyor, presented these two instances of
faulty roads, and the Grand Jury found a true bill : —
" Wee present the Inhabitants of ye towne of Stapenhill and
Inhabitants of ye towne of Winsell in ye coiinty of Derby for not
repayring A lane lying in ye parish of Barton called Ashby lane
lying betwixt Stapenhill and Winsall being in decay, and ought by
them to be repayred being used for all Carts and Carriadges."
"Wee present the Inhabitants of the parish of Duffield in ye
County aforesayd for not repayring Cowhouse lane being in ye sayd
Parish and in great decay, and ought by them to bee repayred being
used for all Carts and Carridges."
The following batch of presentments of faulty roads was made at
the Easter Sessions, i66s : —
Wee present the Inhabitants of Mark Eaton for not repajnring ye high way leading betwixt
Quarndon & Derby called Quarndon lane on ye way over against Marton.
Wee present ye owners & occuppers of Darleigh for not repayring of Frihers Lane.
Wee present ye Inhabitants of ye parish of Headge for not repayring of ye high way
leading betwixt Bull Bridge & Belper warde.
Wee present ye Inhabitants of ye parish of Pentridge for not repayring of ye high way
betwixt Ripley & Codnor greene all which sayd wayes are fowie & unrepayred.
Wee present ye Inhabitants of ye parish of Northwingfeild for not repayring of ye high
way upon Lockoe moore leading betwixt Bakewell & Mansfeild. John Statham, jur.
[Endorsed by Grand Jury.]
Wee find this a true presentment.
As for the keepinge our Watch & Ward we believe it a great neglect throughout this
County & desire that both High Constables & Pettie Constables do forthwith take especiall
care about it.
In 1682, the court was appealed to by the Melbourne overseer of
the highways for the re-imbursement of a sum spent in repairing a

HIGHWAYS. 229
dangerous common well, which could not apparently be charged in
the parochial highway accounts : —
Upon Informacion given to this Court by Mr. Heathcott on the behalf of Owen Mapples,
Overseere of the Highwaies within Melborne and King's Newton That hee had expended
Twenty five shillings and tenne pence, for the necessary repairs of a Coinon well situate in
the Towne Street of Melborne, for the coinon Use of the Inhabitants, How the same being
much out of repaire and become dangerous to the King's Subjects that pass that way, The
said Mr. Heathcott prayed that the present Constable of Melborne might forthwith reimburse
the said Owen Mapples the said twenty five shillings and tenne pence, and also the charges
of this mocion. It is ordered by this Court accordingly And that the Charges of the said
mocion bee taxed by the Clerke of the peace and the said p'sent Constable to pay the same
accordingly. For Charges in attendinge the mocion upon which This Ord' is granted Six shillings eight
pence, taxed by : J. Adderley Clk peace.
The following order was made at the Easter Sessions, 1696, with
respect to the highway on Swinfen Moor, leading to Derby : —
Upon Information given to this Court That the Draynes and Water Courses upon Synfin
Moore were grown up wth Sludge and Mire soe that the Water upon the said Moore could
not have its free current and passage by reason whereof the King's Highway leadinge from
Swerkeston to the town of Derby is much out of repair soe that his Matye's Subjects cannot
safely pass in by and over the same, It is therefore ordered by this Court that each of the
Eight Towns yt are comoners upon the said Moore doe forthwith pay Thirty Shillings a
Town to Mr. Richd. Sayle and Mr. Richard Sheppard whoe are desired by this Court
to see the said Money Laid out in the clensinge the said Draynes & Water Courses aforesaid.
In 1709, at the Trans. Sessions, a very stringent order was made
insisting upon the overseers of the highways complying with a useful
Act of the last reign, providing for the erection of guide posts or
stones at suitable places for the instruction of travellers. Such a
provision would indeed have been a boon to travellers over the wide
moors and other desolate roadways of Derbyshire.
Whereas in and by an Act of Parliament made on Ihe Eight and Ninth yeares of the
reigne of the late King WiUiam the third Intytuled an Act for Enlarging Comon highwayes
(amongst other things) it is therein Enacted for the better convenience of travelling in such
part of this kingdome which are remote from townes and where severall high wayes Meet,
that there shall be in every Parrish or place where two or more cross high wayes meet, erected
or fixed, by the Surveyor of the high wayes of such place in the most convenient place where
such wayes joyne, a Stone or Post, with an inscription thereon in large Letters, containinge
the name of the next Markett Towne to which each of the said joyning high wayes Leads,
who is to be reimbursed according as the said Act for the Repaire of the high wayes directs,
and in case any Surveyor or Surveyors shall, by the space of three months after notice thereof
neglect or refuse to cause such Stone or Post to be fixed, as is aforesaid, every such offender
shall forfeit the Sume of ten ShUlings to be Levyed by warrant under the hand and Scale of
any Justice of Peace of the County where such Parrish or place shall be, by Distresse and
Sale of ye offenders goods, rendring the overplus, which Sume is by the said Act to be
Imployed in and towards the Erecting or fixing such Stone or Post as aforesaid, and if any
part remains, after such Stone or Post is Erected, the remainder to goe in amending the same
Cross high wayes, and not otherwise, as in and by the said Act may appeare. And whereas

230 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
the said Act of Parliament hath not beene effectually put in Execution, by reason whereof
the Queenes Subjects have not reaped the Comfitt thereof, but on ye contrary have beene put
to many greate difficultyes and inconveniencyes for want of such directions as the said Act
describes for their convenience in travelling in such Cross high wayes. To the end therefore
that the said Act may bee speedily and fully putt in Execution, and that her Majtyes Subjects
may have the advantage thereof This Court doth order and it is ordered by this Court, that
the Clarke of the Peace of this County doe forthwith cause this order and Precept to be
Printed, and to bee distributed to all and every the Supervisor and Supervisors of ye high
wayes of every Parrish & place in this County who are hereby required forthwith to observe
the directions of the Act of Parliamt herein before recited, by causing a Stone or Post to he
Erected or Fixed in ye most convenient place in every p'ish or place, where two or more
Crosse high wayes meete or Joyne, with an Inscription thereon in large Lettrs containinge
the name of ye next Markett towne to wch each of the same joyning high wayes leades,
upon the paines and penaltyes prescribed in the said Act, and it is fiirther ordered that the
Clarke of the Peace be allowed to take twelve pence a peice for the Printing and dispersing
of such order or Precept, which every Petty Constable in this County is obliged to take from
ye high Constable of his Hundred and pay him for the same, and deliver them to the
Supervisors of the high wayes aforesaid, as they are directed, the charge whereof each
Supervisor of the high wayes is to repay the said Petty Constable, and place the same in
their Publick accounts of the high wayes, Given in open Court the day and yeare above said.
There are several stone guide-posts, of the time of Queen Anne,
still remaining in Derbyshire. A drawing of an interesting example
of one of these was given as an initial letter on the first page of the
eighth volume of the Journal of the Derbyshire Archceological and
Natural History Society ; it is situated at Hopton, about a mile from
Wirksworth, opposite .to the Sycamore Farm. On the south aspect is
" DARBY 1705 " in bold lettering, on the north Bakewell, on the
east Wirksworth, and on the west Ashburn, the date being repeated
on each face. The road from this spot to Bakewell is now only a
disused, grassed-over lane ; to Derby by lanes through Callow and
Kirk Ireton ; and to Wirksworth and Ashbourne by the regular
turnpike roads. There used, until recently, and perhaps there still
remain, to be some guide-stones of the actual year of the stringent
order, 1709. We noted two bearing that date nearly twenty years
ago ; one on the moorland road, near Derwent, leading to Glossop,
and the other at the turn off to Hartington from the Buxton and
Ashbourne road.
An entry in the Orders for Easter, 171 3, shows that a parochial
assessment was not usually made, provided labour and team work
were sufficient without it. We suppose the intervention of the court,
in this instance, came about through Ashbourne declining to make a
levy. Whereas the inhabitants of Ashborne in this County have made it appear to this Court
that they have already done their six days work apeice towards the repairing of their

HIGHWAYS. 231
Highwaies (pursuant to the act of Parliamt in that case made & provided) & it proveing'
insufficient to amend the same This Court doth order & it is hereby ordered that the sum
of six pence in the pound be raised by Assessmt for & towards the repairing & amending
thereof. During the reigns of George I. and II., the court of Quarter
Sessions employed one William Richardson to report to them on
roads that had been indicted or presented. Various small slips of
paper containing his reports in various parts of the county are extant,
of which the following is an example : —
" Derby S S. This to Certifie That the Highway within Horseley
Woodhouse in the sd County of Derby leading from that Vill to
Smally Common in the sd County is amended and put into very good
repair. Viewed by me this 14th day of September 1727.
Wm. Richardson."
Among the Wolley MSS. of the British Museum is an interesting
letter from Edmund Evans to Mrs. Turnor, dated Bonsall, July loth,
1738, which gives a graphic idea of the private road enterprise in
Derbyshire of those days. Mrs. Elizabeth Turnor was daughter and
co-heiress of Mr. Henry Feme, of Snittertdn, Receiver-General of the
Customs, who purchased much property in Bonsall and elsewhere
towards the end of the seventeenth century. He died in 1723. His
daughter Elizabeth, who inherited the Bonsall estate, married Edward
Turnor, of Stoke Rockford, Lincolnshire. She was a widow for most
of her life and very charitably disposed, endowing a school at
Bonsall.

' ' We have lately been very busy in making a coach or waggon road from Bonsall to
Crumford, from which place there is one already made to Mat Bath (wh was done at
Mr. Pennell's expense, who built the Bath) & another from Crumford to Swanwick made
mostly at Mr. Tumor's expense for the encouragement of his cole trade. So when ours is
compleated it will make a through passage from Matlock Bath to Buxton & likewise
neigh to the colepitts, to Nottingham or Derby, or where else they have occasion
that way.
This rough piece of work is not done by any levey, but chiefly by the Miners, who have
no wage, but all come to assist, some at the instance of one fd and some another who goes
along with them & assists the overseer on their respective dayes : the gunpowder they
blow away & the ale we allowed 'em is paid out of a Collection some of us have made
amongst ourselves, only Mrs. Hallam (who keeps the Bath) hath sent a guinea & Mr. Moore
of Wimper ten shillings.
I have not yet heard any of 'em mention any expectation they hd of anything from your
Ladyship, neither do I think they will, yr Ladyships late bounties being (I hope) not so
soon forgot. And yet (tho' I am under the greatest obligation to be silent) still I beg leave

232- THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNAL.S.
to tell your L — that I think you cd never better bestow a guinea of 'em than now, which
Wd be enough, & (if pleased to order it) would please 'em more than a gter thing another
way or from any other hand."
Address — "To Madam Turner at her
House in Oldworke in the City of
York
by Doncaster post from Chesterfield. " *
The diversion and stopping of highways forms an important class
of documents, of which there are a large number pertaining to
Derbyshire, that have been carefully arranged and calendared by
Colonel Colvile. By the common law, an ancient highway could not
be changed without the king's license, which had first to be obtained
through a jury of the district under a writ of Ad quod damnum.
A statute, however, which was passed in 1773, provided a more
commodious and easier method, though far more arbitrary and
often unfortunate in its results, by placir>g the power, under certain
conditions, in the hands of the justices.f Such power has been
continued to the sessions,, under various amending Acts, up to the
present time. Derbyshire is fortunate in possessing specimens of
these various modes of procedure. The papers and plans that
accompany them have been collected from the several Sessional
Rolls through which they were distributed, and are now arranged
from 1773 to 1873 in portfolios for ready reference, with a good
index. The number of calendared divisions of highways within this
period is two hundred and thirty-five. Besides the great value for
the special purpose for which these papers and plans were originally
enrolled, these documents, in most cases, show the ownership of the
lands through which the diverted highways were to pas.s.
The statute above-named became law on October nth, 1773. The
last case of procedure under the old form in Derbyshire was on
September 13th of that year, when an inquest was held by the
Sheriff at the Ship Inn, Full Street, Derby, in obedience to a writ of
Ad quod damnum, issued out of Chancery, to enquire if any damage
would arise to the king or others, if the king should .grant to Anna
Maria Rivett, John Bateman, Thomas Macklin, and Thomas Borrows,
license to enclose a common footway leading from Cock Pit Hill
in the borough of Derby, over a close called Long Close, alias Cock
Pit Hill close, alias Cow Castle close, and a close called Newton Leys,
and the end of close belonging to Thomas Borrows, of Castle Fields,
* Add. MSS. 6692, f. 180. t 13 George III., c. 78.

HIGHWAYS. .233
to the turnpike road leading from Derby to Osmaston, and containing
in length 450 yards. The jury found that no damage as aforesaid
would arise.
The old distinction between a highway and a turnpike is sometimes
lost sight of; the highway was a common right, implied common
obhgations, and wa.= supported by common contributions ; the turn
pike was a public convenience in which a special right existed, carried
out by private enterprise, but accompanied by a special obligation of
repair, and supported by special contributions taken in the shape of
toll. Tollbars or turnpikes are said to have originated in England in
1297, on the grant of a penny for every waggon passing through a
particular manor ; and the first regular toll was collected a few years
later for mending the road in London between St. Giles and Temple
Bar. Toll gates were set up in various parts of England in 1663;
but it was not until the statute of 1773, which was the first general
Tui-npike Act, that these roads came under sessional control.
The first Turnpike Act that had reference to Derbyshire, says
Glover in his history of the county, was for repairing and improving
the road from the bridge over the Trent at Shardlow, through Derby,
to Brassington. The reason given for this first Derbyshire turnpike
road ending at so small and obscure a place as Brassington, was that
the traveller towards the north, having, by means of this improved
road, been helped over the low and deep lands of the county, might
proceed over the rocky districts to Buxton, Tideswell, Castleton, or
the districts beyond, without further assistance.
Colonel Colvile arranged and drew up a calendar of the Turnpike
Trust Accounts that were filed with the clerk of the peace pursuant
to I George IV., c. 9s. From these accounts, which give the date of
the Act of origin of each trust, it appears that there have been fifty-
five such trusts in the county that sent in their annual accounts between
1822 and 1869. The oldest of these, Chesterfield and Worksop,
dates from 1739 ; Burton-upon-Trent and Derby, and Ashby-de-la-
Zouch and Tutbury, from 1753; Derby and Duffield, through
Chesterfield to Sheffield, called " the Duffield Road," from 1756 ; and
no less than nine trusts from the year 1759, namely Mansfield and
Chesterfield, Nottingham and Newhaven (three separate districts),
Oakerthorpe and Ashbourne, Chesterfield and Matlock, Nottingham
and Derby (two separate districts), and Derby and Uttoxeter. The
last Turnpike Trust in Derbyshire, created by Act of Parliament,
was for the Greenhill Moor and Eckington road in 1840.

2 34 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
The plans of a variety of Turnpike Roads of Derbyshire, beginning
in 1807, as well as of others that were projected but not carried out,
are in the county record room, and have been calendared.
We have met with only one reference to the old bridle roads for the
pack horses, among the Derbyshire papers. At the Epiph. Sessions,
1790, various indictments were preferred against the responsible
persons for not repairing certain parts of "a certain common and
ancient Pack- and Prime Way."

Canals an& IRailwai^s.
The county records also include a variety of papers and plans
relative to Canals and Railways, which are all now arranged and
indexed. The first navigable canal, constructed in any part of Derbyshire,
was the one that connected the river Trent, near Wilden ferry, with
the river Mersey, near Runcorn gap. It was surveyed by James
Brindley in 17S8, the Act obtained and the works begun in 1766, and
completed in May, 1777. The second was the Chesterfield canal,
connecting that town with the Trent ; it was surveyed by Brindley
in 1769, the Act obtained in 1770, and the works completed in 1776.
The earliest canal plans deposited with the clerk of the peace,
namely those of last century, are— (i) 1791, Intended canal from
Grand Trunk near Derwent river to near Lenton and the Trent river,
and from Shardlow to Derby; (2) 1792, Newall and Swadlincote
canal ; (3) 1792, Derby canal to Swarkeston ; (4) 1792, Towing path
from St. Mary's bridge to Dariey Mill ; (s) 1792, intended canal from
Sheffield, by Brins worth to Eckington ; (6) 1792, intended canal from
the canal near Martin bridge to Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Tickenhall,
Stanton Harold, and to or near Swadlincote and Church Gresley ;
(7) 1793. Nutbrook canal near Kirk Hallam and Ilkeston ; (8) 1793,
Trent Navigarion, from Cavendish bridge to Newark ; (9) 1793, Peak
Forest canal ; and (10) 1794, intended commercial canal from Ashby-
de-la-Zouch, including the Trent, to the division of the counties of
Derby and Stafford.
With regard to RAILWAYS, the earliest use of flanched iron rails
above-ground (for they had previously been used under-ground in
several pits) is said to have been at the Wingerworth pits, by Joseph

CANALS AND RAILWAYS. ' 23 S
Butler, about the year 1788. The Peak Forest canal (the Act for
which was obtained in 1794, but it was not completed till 1800)
included six miles of railway. The earliest railway plan deposited
with the clerk of the peace is of the year 1799, and is of an intended
railway from Loads Knowl quarries to Buxton and Sparrow pit. The
following are the other railway plans among the county records up to
the original formation of the Midland Railway Company : —
1801. Railway from Cromford canal at Bull bridge to Belper
bridge. 1809. Intended railway from Newall and Swadlincote to Burton-
on-Trent. 1813. Railway from Mansfield to Pinxton.
1815. Railway from Loads Knowl to near Beard and near Bank
End to Disley.
1815. Railway from Peak Forest to near Grenber Bar in Hope
Woodlands. 1 8 16. Railway from Brierley Wood to Chesterfield canal at
Wheeldon's Mill.
1824. Railway from canal at Cromford to High Peak canal at
Whaley. 1829. Proposed Stockport junction railway to connect Liverpool
and Manchester with the Cromford and High Peak railway.
1830. Railway from Cromford to Leicester and Branch to the
Mansfield and Pinxton Railway.
1830. Railway from Victory Lime Kiln, Tideswell, to Bing's farm,
Chapel-en-le-Frith. 1830. Intended railway from Manchester to Sheffield (Locomotive).
1832. Intended railway from Pinxton to Leicester.
1833. Intended railway from Pinxton to Whitstone, to be called
the Midland Counties' Railway. This was the outcome of a meeting
of coal masters at the Sun Inn, Eastwood, on August i6th, 1832,
which was the birthday of the Midland Railway Company.
1834. Proposed Midland railway with branches thereof.
183s. Proposed North Midland Counties' railway.

236

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

iRatee of Carriage.
By an Act passed in the 3rd year of William and Mary, entitled
" An Act for the better amending the Highways and for settling the
Rates of Carriage of Goods," which was amended in 21st year of
George II., the justices were required, at the Easter Quarter Sessions,
to yearly assess the rate and price of all land carriage of goods what
soever that was brought into or carried from their respective juris
dictions, by any common waggoner or carrier. The rates so made
were to be certified to all Mayors and chief officers of all market
towns. Any carrier charging in excess of the rate, was liable to a
penalty of ;^S) payable to the party aggrieved.
In 1717, the justices fixed the rates for the common carriers,
from Lady-Day to Michaelmas, at 6s. per cwt. between London and
Derby, or Ashbourne, and from Michaelmas to Lady-Day at 7s. 6d.
per cwt Between London and Bakewell, the charge, according to
the season, was 6s. 2d. and 7s. 8d. per cwt ; and between London and
Chesterfield, 6s. 3d. and 7s. 9d. The rate for distances between other
places on the same or other routes was to be proportionably
calculated. The distance from Derby to London is 126 miles, so that the
charge per cwt. was at the rate of about a halfpenny a mile in the
summer, and three farthings in the winter.
In 172 1, the court ordered that tables of the rates of carriage were
to be hung up by the chief officers of every market town in the county
for the information of the public. The rates were the same as in
1717. At the Easter Sessions, 17S4, the following enlarged and somewhat
altered table was passed :-

Lady-Day to
Michaelmas.

Michaelmas
to Lady-Day

a.
d.
s. d.
London to
Derby
... 6
0 .
¦ 7 6
))
Ashbourne
... 6
0 .
. 7 6
J)
Bakewell 
... 6
6 .
. 8 0
)>
Chesterfield
... 6
6 .
. 8 0
Jl
Wirksworth
... 6
6 .
• 7 0
„
Tideswell...
... 7
0 .
. 8 0
,,
Chapel-en-le-Frith
... 7
6 .
. 8 6
.,
Buxton ...
... 7
6 .
. 8 6
RATES OF WAGES. 237
In 1773, when Anthony Lax Maynard became clerk of the peace,
the county had a large number of printed sheets of the rates of
carriage struck off, with blank spaces at the top for inserting the day,
month, and regnal year of George III., when the rate was annually
voted. The rates remained the same as in 1754, save that the table
was enlarged by stating that the rate from Derby to Northampton
was 3s., and to Leicester is. 6d., these charges remaining the same
throughout the year. The last of these printed sheets, for which the
date has been filled up, is for the year 1812.

IRates of Mages.
The miserable greed of Henry VIII. and his courtiers was not
satisfied with the monastic spoils, but was followed by the still less
excusable confiscation of the chantry and guild lands, an act pro
jected by Henry, and ruthlessly carried out by the guardians of his
son. " The guild lands were really the benefit societies of the middle
ages, i.e., were the principal means by which the sick and destitute
were maintained. On the ground that they were given for superstitious
uses, they were confiscated, and employed to assist in enriching the
adventurers who were about the young king's throne. Upon these
impoverished and disinherited peasants, and upon these artisans, who
had not, like the old London companies, contrived to get an
exemption from the statute, was induced the Act of 5 Elizabeth,
c. 4, under which the magistrates in quarter sessions were empowered
to fix the rate of wages for husbandmen and artificers, were directed
to enforce their assessment by fine and imprisonment, and to compel
under a severe pecuniary penalty all artisans to pass through a
period of apprenticeship." *
This odious Act of 1562, the results of which were so momentous,
and delivered English labour, tied and bound, into the hands of the
most interested capitalists for nearly three centuries, demands a brief
explanation of its principal clauses. It repealed the whole of the
labour statutes, of which thirty-four had been passed since the time
of Edward III. ; it obliged, for the most part, hiring by the year ;

* Professor Thorold Rogers' History of Agriculture and Prices, vo\. v., p. 611. "It is
perfectly certain," says the Professor, " that this Act effected the degradation of the English
peasant .... it was the most powerful instrument ever devised for degrading and
impoverishing the English labourer."

238 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.^
it compelled all persons between the ages of fifteen and sixty,
not otherwise employed or apprenticed, to serve in husbandry ;
it provided that masters wrongly dismissing servants should be
liable to 40s., but servants unlawfully quitting, to imprisonment ;
it forbade servants to leave any parish without a testimonial, under
pain of imprisonment The hours of work and the rate of wages
being fixed by the justices, any labourer defaulting in either was
liable to a month's imprisonment and ;^S fine, and any employer
giving higher wages, ten days' imprisonment and £^ fine. By this
Act single women between twelve and forty were compellable to
work by the year, week, or day ; artificers were obliged to work
in harvest, or be put in the stocks ; and a workman assaulting a
master was to be imprisoned for not less than a year.
It enacted that the justices at each Easter Sessions should fix the
rates of wages of labourers and artificers for each county, and send
the same to the Lord Chancellor, who, after royal approval, was to
return ten or more copies of the same, to be entered on the record of
the clerk of the peace, and proclamation made before Michaelmas. A
penalty of ;^iO was put on every justice absent from this rating
Session. By the 39th Elizabeth, c. 12, the Act was extended to weavers, the
necessity of certifying the rates in Chancery was abrogated, the rates
were to be proclaimed by the sheriff, and provision was taken for
preserving the wage assessment by the Custos Rotulorum. The Act
was continued by 43 Elizabeth, c. 9, and by I James I., c. 6. It
remained in force with but little modification up to 1825, when the
repeal of the Statute wage fixing was at last effected, chiefly through
the determination of Mr. Joseph Hume.
This Act is the origin of the Statutes or annual Hiring Fairs, still
held in many agricultural parts, to the great detriment of those
concerned. Although the Act strictly provides for the preservation of these
wage assessments, very few of the older ones have come down to our
time, and hardly any have been printed in extenso.* Two of the first
* Professor Thorold Rogers says : — " Only a few of these Quarter Sessions Assessments
survive, though I have searched for them in all directions. It is said they were issued
yearly, and in all counties, which probably meant that the same assessment was constantly
republished." Eden's History of the Poor quotes from eight ; Rogers was only able to add three ;
Hamilton quotes from four others ; and now Derbyshire brings the total up to seventeen.
They are thus divided among the shires : — Bucks., i; Chester, 2; Derby, 2; Devon, 3;
Essex, 2 ; Gloucester, 2 ; Lancaster, i ; Rutland, i ; Suffolk, i ; Warwick, I ; and York,
E. R., I.

RATES OF WAGES.

239

Livery.

Wages.

xs.

vijs. iiijfl?.

vjs. viijd.

xls.

vjs. viijd.

xxxiij.?. iiij^.

half of the seventeenth century have been found among the Derby
shire records. These two documents are now reproduced in full, as
they are of great value for historical and economical purposes.
Derb. ss. [ Easter, 1634]
The severaU Rates and Taxacons for servants wages Laborers and Artificers Handicrafts
men or any other laborer or App'ntice or other Workeman mayde and sett forth by his
Maties Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby att the gen'all Quarter Sessions of the
peace holden att Derby for the said Countie the fifteenth day of Aprill in the Tenth yeare of
the Raigne of our sovraigne Lord Charles by the grace of God of England, Scotland ffrance
and Ireland Kinge Defender of the ffaith, &c. Annoqs Doifi 1634, according to the forme
of the Statute made in the fift yeare of the Raigne of our late Sov'aigne Lady Queene
Elizabeth, intituled an Acte concerning divers orders for servants of husbandry laborers
artificers and app'ntices, and according to the act of the Parliament of the said Statute
mayde in the nyne and Thirteth yeare of the Raigne of our late Sov'aigne Lady Queene
Elizabeth which Rates are to remayne in the Custodie of the Custos Rotulo'^i of the said
Countie &c. Anno Dom. 1634.
A Bayliffe of husbandry taking to have liverie therefore
The best hinde servant a li^ie or therefore . .
The comon hinde servant a liVie or therefore
Boyes under the age of Twentie yeares and above the age
of Twelve yeares old untill hee bee of xviij yeares old e9ie
quarter of the yeare to have xijd., and from xviij years of
age untiU (he) bee xxij yeares old e9ie yeare  o xs.
A woman being scilfull in ordering a house a li9ie or tlierefore xs. xxxs.
A woman being a maister or good deary woman a liPie or
therefore  vjj. viijd. xxs.
A woman servant above twelve yeares old & under twenty
a liverie or therefore  vs. xxs.
The best Shephard a liv'ie or therefore  . .. vjs. viijd. x\s.
A Shephard boy, a li9ie or therefore  ..vs. xxs.
A MUner a li^ie or therefore  xs. Is.
A mower in harvest for his dayes wages with meate & drinke vj^. & finding himselfe xijd.
A man reaper for his dayes wages with meate & drinke iiijrf. & finding himselfe. . viijd.
A woman reaper or a woman following a mower for dayes wages with meate &
drinke & finding herselfe . . . .  V'^-
A woman hey maker for dayes wages with meate & drinke ijd. & finding herselfe vjd.
A mower of Barley oates & dredge by ye acre viijd. & for pease beanes & other
Codcorne by ye acre  ¦ ""•
A Thersher of wheate ry or blend corne for ye quarter xijd. for barly dredge &
oates  ¦^iij'^-
For pease beanes & other Cod corne for ye quarter .  '''"j'^-
A Mower of Grasse by ye acre  '"'¦
Memorand to accompte the Acre according to ye Treatise de Terr mesurand.

Laborers by ye day worke &c. 1634.
The laborers for the day worke with meate & drinke fro Michelmas till 0' Lady
day in Lent ijd. finding himselfe v]d. and fro o"' Lady day in' Lent tUl
Michaelmas with meate & drinke iijd. & finding himselfe  vij(/.

240 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
A hedger ditcher plasher* or Quicksetter fro or Lady day till .Michelmas for his
wages with meate & drinke iijd. & finding himselfe vijd. and fro Michelmas till
.Or Lady day with meate & drinke iijd. & finding himselfe  vij^.
A hedger or plasher by the pole or measure of xxiiij foote long xij inches to ye
foote for ev'ie pole  ijd,
for a meane hedge of the same measure  ..ijd.
for a new ditch being five foote broade & foure foote depe for efie pole . . . . vd.
for scowring an old ditch neare the depth aforesaid for e9ie pole  iijd.
And for Quicksetting ditching and hedging of a pole length  vjd.
Artificers & other workemen for a day worke ffrom or Lady day in Lent
untill Michaelmas &c. 1634.
A Master Carpenter free mason plumer glasier or Joyner haying ij or iij workemen
under them by ye day vjd. and finding himselfe  xijrf.
Bricklayers Tylers Slaters free masons & plasterers for theire dayes wages with
meate & drinke vjd. and finding themselves  xijd.
Any of the said Artificers theire Apprentices or servants being xviij yeares of age
or above and an apt workeman for theire dayes wages vd. and finding himselfe xd.
All manner of ploweing wheelewrights Milnewrights & such other wrights and
cowpers for theire dayes wages vd. and finding themselves  xd.
And there apprentice or servants beinge apt workemen being xviij yeares old or
above by ye day iiiji/. or finding themselves  viijd.
Sawyers Charcole maker & Collyer to have by ye day vd. and finding himselfe . xd.
A Sawyer by ye great for sawing one c of Boards reckoning six score to the hun
dred and every foote xxij inches broad and xij inches long  ijs.
And from Michaelmas till our Lady day in lent every of the said artificers or
workemen which had in Summer time meate and drinke and vd. a day to have
in winter meate drinke and iiijrf. a day and without meate and drinke . . . . xd.
And they that had from the sayd Lady day untill Michaelmas meate and drinke
and vjd. a day to have from Michaelmas untill the said Lady day with meate
and drinke vd. and finding himselfe . .  xd.
And such as have hjd. a day from our Lady day till Michaelmas the same to have
from Michaelmas till our lady day and finding himselfe  vjd.
Hedgers .and hatchersf in every season of the yeare to have by the day with meate
and drinke vd. and finding themselves   xd.
P. Chesterfield
Hen : Legh
Ri. Harpur
F. Forshawe
Fra ; Coke

Derby ss. [Easter, 1648]
The sev'all Rates and taxacons for wages of Servants labourers Artificers Husbandmen
handicrafts men or any other labourer or Apprentice or other workeman made and sett
forth by His Majesties Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby at the generaU Quarter
Sessiones of the Peace houlden att Derby at Easter Sessions in ye ffoure & Twentyth yeare
of the Raygne of our Soveraigne Lord Charles by the grace of God, of England Scotland
* To plash is to lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the
branches, and entwining them with those left upright. — Halliwell.
t A hatcher was one who made dams or earthworks, and renewed or repaired the baulks
in the common fields.

RATES OF WAGES.

241

xxs.

ixs. viijd.

xiiijj. xd.

. . vjd.

xxvjs. viijd.

xb.

ffrance & Ireland Kinge defender of the fayth &c. Annoqs Dni 1648. According to the
forme of the Statute made in the fifth yeare of the Raigne of our late Queene Elizabeth
Intituled an Act concerning div's orders for Servants of Husbandry Labourers Artificers &
Apprentices and according to ye Act of the proclamation of the sayd Statute made in the
Nyne & Thirlylh yeare of the Raigne of the late Queene Elizabeth wch rates are to remayne
in the Custody of ye Custos Rotulo'^e of the sayd County.
A Bayliff of Husbandry takeing charge to have a livery or
therefore . . 
The best hinde servant a livery or therefore
The Comon hinde servant or man servant a Uvery ot therefore
Boyes under the age of twenty yeares and above the age of
Twelve years a livery or therefore . . .  xs. xxvijj. viijd.
An apprentice at husbandry to have common foode sustenance
and apparell and from ye age of Tenne yeares ould untill he
is xviij yeares oulde & from eighteene yeares oulde untill he
be Twenty two yeares oulde e9y yeare  xiiji iiijrf.
A woman being skilful! in ordering a house a livery or therefore xvs. x\s,
A woman being a Maister or good Dayry woman a livery or
therefore   xiiijj. viijd, xxxjs.
Women servantes above twelve yeares and under twenty a
livery or therefore  xiijs. iiijaf. xxvjs. viijd.
The best shepheard a livery or therefore  xvs. 
A milner a livery or therefore  xvs, 
A Mower in harvest for his dayes wages with meate and drink
xiijrf. and finding himself . . . .  ....
A man. reaper for his dayes wages with meate and drinke iiija?. and findeing
himselfe . . . . „ ' ¦  ,
A woman reaper or a woman following a Mower for dayes wages with meate
and drinke ijd. finding herselfe . .  viij<^.
A woman Haymaker for her dayes wages with meate and drinke iijd. and
finding herselfe  ixd.
A mower of barley oates and dredge by the acre xd. and for beanes pease
and other corne by the acre  xiijd.
A Thresher of Wheate Rye or Blende Corne for the quarter xvjd. for barley
dredge or oates  xvijd.
For pease beanes and other blende Corne for the quarter  xvjd.
A Mower of grasse by the Acre  xvjd.
Memorandum to account according to the acre to the treatyes de terf
mensurand

Labourers by the day worke &c.
The labourer for the day worke wth meate & drinke from Michaelmas untill
our Lady day in Lent iij^f. and finding himselfe  xjd.
And from our Lady day in Lent untill Michaelmas with meate and drinke
iijrf. and finding himselfe  xd.
A hedger pleacher dicher or quicksettor from our Lady day untill Michaelmas
for his wages wth meat & drinke iiiijt/. & finding himselfe  xvjd.
A pleacher or hedger by the Pole or Measure of 24 foote longe being xij
inches to the foote of every pole  ¦ . . iiji^.
17

242 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
ffor a meane hedge of the same measure  iiij^/.
ffor a new ditch being five foote broade & foure foote deepe for every pole . . viijd.
ffor scouringe an aulde ditch neare the depth aforesd for every pole . . , . vd.
And for ditcheinge quicksetting & hedgeing i pole length  viijd.
Artificers & other workemen for a dayes worke from Lady day in Lent
until Michaelmas &c
A Master Carpenter Free Mason Plumor Glasier or Joiner haveing 2 or 3
workemen under them by the day xvjd. [sic. ? viijrf.) or finding himself . . xvjd.
Bricklayers Tylers Slaters Freemasons & Plasterers for their dayes wages
with meate & drinke viijd. finding themselves  xvjaT.
Any of the sayd Artificers theire apprentices or servants being xviij yeares of
age or above being apte & for his dayes wages vjd. & finding himselfe . , xvd.
All manner of ploweinge wheelewright Millne wrights & such other wrights
& Cowpers for theire dayes wages viij^. & finding themselves . . . . xiiiji/.
And theire apprentice or servants beinge apte workemen & of the age of
xviij yeares or above by the day vjd. and finding themselves . . . . . xjd.
Sawyer Charcole maker & Collyer to have by the day viij^^. & finding them
selves  xvjd.
A Sawyer for the great for saweing one hundred of boardes reckoning 120
foote to the hundred and every foote 12 inches broad and 12 inches long . . iiijj.
And from Michaelmas day untill our Lady day in Lent every of the sayd
artificers or workemen had in Summer time meate & drinke vjd. a. day to
have in winter meate and drinke & vd. a day without meate and drinke . . xvijd.
And they that had from the sayd Lady day untill Michaelmas meate &
drinke & vjd. a day to have from Michaelmas until the sayd lady day with
meate and drinke viijd. and finding himselfe  xvjd.
And such as have iii\d. a day from our Lady day till Michaelmas to have
from Michaelmas till our Lady day iiiji/. and finding himselfe  ixd.
Hedgers & Thatchers in every season of the yeare to have by ye day with
meate and drinke viijd. and finding himselfe  xvd.
Geo. Dewsbury
Johys Stanhope
Edw: Coke.
With regard to these tables, and their contrasts, it may be remarked
that the day's wage of the Derbyshire labourer, and of the artisans in
proportion, for 1634, are lower than any hitherto known assessment
or statement, even from the beginning of Elizabeth's reign. Nor was
the price of corn. at all abnormally low for that year, the average of
wheat being 41s. 8d. During the ten years of the Commonwealth, as
has been already ascertained, the ju.stices were far fairer in their
statute wages than at any other period ; the Derbyshire table of
1648, just at the dawn of this term, fully bears out the statements
and inferences of others upon this subject Corn was undoubtedly
higher in price in 1648 than in 1634, but not in proporrion to
the very considerable rise in wages.

CIVIL DISPUTES. 243

Civil disputes.
The records of Quarter Sessions show that a variety of petty
personal litigation, that now usually comes before County Courts,* as
organised in modern times, used to be submitted to the judgment of
the justices in session. Other cases were not infrequent, otherwise
than apprentice disputes, which would now come before petty
sessions under Master and Servant Acts.
Of these, we proceed to refer to a few of the more striking cases of
the seventeenth century.
In 1648, the following petition reached the court : —
To the Right Honble the Justices, etc.
The humble petition of John Tompson thelder of Midleton Butcher
Sheweth That your petitioner heretofore beinge bound as a surety with Thomas Godbehere
& Richard Amot of Cromford for one yeares Rent beinge Eight pounds for ye Tyth of
Cromford unto Mrs Cockaine or her sone Mr Asten Cockaine, your petitioner & his wyfe
repayred to the sd Mr. Cockaine who acknowledged there was three pounds thereof paid &
endorsed upon the back syde of ye bond & promised for ;^5 more within a short tyme after
he would deliver up the same bond, whereupon your pet. acquainted ye sd Godbehere
therewith who promised that he would pay the same & save your pet. harmlesse & did goe
to the sd Mr Cockaine & pay him some money, And your pet. & his sd wife about midsumer
last repaired againe to the sd Mr Cockaine to Pooley to knowe whether the sd Godbehere
had satisfied him who then tould your pet. that Godbehere had agreed with him for one
halfe & that your pet. must pay £4 to Mr German Buxton & then he should have the said
bond delivered up to him with £4, your pet. agreed to pay.
About Michaelmas last & thereupon the sd Mr Cockaine writ a note under his hand &
seale to deliver the sd bond unto your pet. upon his payment of £4, That accordingly
presently after Michaelmas last your pet. sent the sd £4 to ye sd Mr G. Buxton by his wyfe
who promised to deliver up the sd Bond upon ye Receipt thereof, but after your pet. wyfe
had paid him the £4 he refused to deliver up the sd bond.
That upon the 24 of Aprill inst. your pet. wyfe repaireinge againe to Mr Buxton to desire
the sd bond he tould her that her husband & she had articled against him & that hee wd not
deliver up the bond without 4 nobles more of charges, Althoughe your pet. was never
arreasted thereupon & both keepeth the bond & the sd Mr Cockaine's note under his hand &
seale & your pet. money.
Wherefore your pet. beinge a very poore man & a surety onely haveinge never had any
benefit for the sd £4, humbly prayeth this Honble Bench to examine the trueth of the
premises & to order the said Mr Buxton to deliver up the sd bond according to ye sd Mr
Cockaine's note & the sd agreement. And your pet. will ever pray etc.f

* The County Court Act of 1648 abolished the old Courts of Requests, through which
the greater part of small debts used to be recovered ; there are a few Derbyshire papers
pertaining to these Courts of Requests, but they are only of this century, and are of no
special interest.,
t As to the Cromford tithes and the Cokaynes, see Churches of Derbyshire, Vol. ii. ,
pp. 541-2.

244 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Richard Bagshawe, of Staveley, petitioned the court in 1649, inas
much as he had provided " a towne boye with conveniant lodginge "
for 3d a week, by agreement with the overseers, the arrears of which,
26s., he was not able to obtain, though he was a poor man and had a
great charge of children of his own The court ordered the overseers
at once to pay or to be bound over.
In the same year John Roby, who had served for a year with
Robert Rowland, of Chaddesden, and who could not obtain his wages,
made his petition to the court, who ordered that the case should be
taken before the next (nearest) justice, who was to examine and
report In i6si, William Jackson, of Shottle, makes a somewhat similar
charge against Mr. German Buxton, of detaining a bond, to that
made in 1648. The judgment of the court is not recorded.
In 1679, the court received a petition from Sara AUsabroke, widow,
who alleged that her late husband had been under the Duke of
Newcastle, ''and lived in very good fashion and repute," but becoming
much indebted, had absconded ; that she, not being capable of
managing the farm, agreed with John Harrison that he should enter
upon the farm and pay the rent, allowing her " sowinge for 2 cowes, a
croft to gett hay in for the cowes in winter, house roome for 2 cowes
in winter, room for to lay her hay in, and a small cottage for herselfe
and little children rent free," together with option of resuming the
farm should she require it ; that this bargain was for some years
honestly carried out, but that now, under some false pretence,
Harrison refused to allow her anything or re-entry, and that her five
small children were ready to starve. The widow, therefore, petitioned
the court " to grant an order that Harryson may performe his
agreement." At the Trans. Session, 1684, Robert Key, who owed some money
to Francis Staley, asked the help of the court against Henry Gregory
for an illegal distraint, inasmuch as " he came to my house and dis
trained of my goods I beinge absent, put my wife being with child in
a fright and abused her contrary to ye law, detained my goods,
carried them to a neighbour's house, and ye sd Francis Staly wold
not have my goods but send to mee to acquaint mee It was doun
without his consent and wold have mee to have my goods." The
court granted an indictment against the bailiff.
In 1669, Richard Harvey, of Alfreton, petitioned against the raising
of the rent of his land by Mr. Turner, in whose " cole pitts" he had

DROVERS, BADGERS, SWAILERS, AND HUCKSTERS. 24S
been working. He alleged that the agreement was that the rent of
the land was not to be altered nor raised during his lifetime, and that
for his work he should get five shillings a week ; but that when he
came to reckon up his wage, he found he was only getting two
shillings and sixpence a week, whereupon he declined to work, and
Mr. Turner, in revenge, raised his rent, and prevented him taking his
goods off the ground. The court ordered that Mr. Turner should
appear before the next justice and show cause why he should not pay
the stipulated wage.
In 1700, Mary Cooper, of Holmesfield, single woman, was brought
before the Sessions for breaking her hiring. She was hired by Henry
Wells, of Barlow, for a year at 20s. wages, and when she had served
her year all but seven days, her master commanded her " to goe to
the harrow ; " this she refused to do, and was discharged without
any payment The court ordered Wells to pay her wages, less the
seven days.

Drovers, Babgers, Swailers, anJ) Ibucf^sters.
Traders on the move, that is hawkers, pedlars, and all itinerant
dealers, have from an early period been subject to special taxation or
license, not so much from the idea of any profit to be gained thereby
to the revenue, as in the interest of the local shopkeeper, burdened
with local rates and house tax, and as a means of putting a check
upon a vagrant class, always looked upon with some suspicion.
Licenses were required for all such dealers by an Act of IS52, which
were granted by two justices of the peace. But this Act was soon
repealed to make way for a more elaborate licensing measure, which
included also cattle drovers, and which required that lists of drovers
and all itinerant dealers should be registered with the clerk of the
peace. *
A " Badger " was the petty retailer of corn, or more usually of
corn turned into meal, and occasionally of other victuals, who was
licensed to buy corn in one place and sell it in another, without
incurring the penalty of engrossing.
The word came from " baga," a bag or purse, from the bag or bags
that he carried with him, and is akin to our present word baggage ;
it was sometimes spelt " bagger." * 5 EUzabeth, t. 12.

246 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
A "Swailer" or " Swaler ' was the one who stood in different
markets with his wares, and who occasionally sold on his journeys.
He often carried his goods on a pack-horse. The swailer generally
dealt in one or more special articles named on his license. In the
list of 1693 traders of Wirksworth, given under " Clerk of the
Market," swailers of cloth, of tobacco, and of salt are specified. The
terms badger and swailer still both linger in some parts of Derby
shire. A " Huckster " is a better-known vvoid, and implies a dealer or
retailer of small articles, nuts, etc. Primarily the term meant a
pedlar, or one who carried his goods on his back, for it is derived
from " hocken," to take on one's back.
At the Easter Sessions, 171 3, the following order was made to
enforce the jobbing traders taking out licenses : —
Whereas complaint hath been made to her Ma'ties Justices of the peace at this Generall
Quarter Sessions that severall persons as well resideing in this County as others frequenting
& the Markitte within the same do buy & sell Cattle Oat Meal Groats fSower com Grain
Butter Cheese & other sorte of dead victualls as Jobbers drovers Badgers Swailers &
Higlers without being lycenced so to do according as if directed by severall acts of parlia
ment for that purpose made and provided to the great p'judice of the Markette & oppression
of the poor within this County and to the end that such, persons may not be p'judiced for
want of knowledge of their duty in that respect It is therefore by this Court ordered that
all persons in w'soever resideing within this County & all others who shall buy & sell any
cattle or Oat Meal Groats fllower corn Grain Butter cheese or any other sorte of dead
victualls as Jobbers drovers Badgers Swailers Higlers or such like within the same shall
before they so buy & sell take Lycences & enter into Recognizances to quallifye them Selves
for those purposes as the said acts of parliament or any of them have provided & directed
as the person or persons offending agt such acts will answer the contrary & upon paines
under the penalties in the said Acts mentioned.
The High Constables were instructed to see that the petty
constables returned the names of all drovers, badgers, and swailers
within their liberties. At the Trans. Sessions, 1714, presentments
on this subject were made by all the constables. We give two
instances of the form that these presentments took.
July ye 13, 1714.
A True & perfect List of ye names of all Drovers, Badgers, & Swalers within ye Liberty
of Shottle & Posterne.

I present William Statham
William Aulton
William Jackson
Richard Poysor
Joseph Smedley

I Dr

^ , , „ , B.idgers
Esabela Bramley '

Joseph Statham by me Thomas Spendlove Const.

DROVERS, BADGERS, SWAILERS, AND HUCKSTERS. 247
July ye 13, 1714
A True & perfect list of ye names of all Drovers, Badgers, & Swalers in the liberty of
Hulland. I present George Wall -,
John Smith I Swalers.
Thomas Slator j
by me WiUiam Webster Const.
A like general return by all the constables was ordered in 1769,
and at certain other dates.
In 1740, the court of Quarter Sessions ordered that henceforth no
licenses should be granted to badgers, swailers, or drovers, save in
open court.
From 1746 down to 1770, the registers of the names of all who
were thus licensed at the different sessions are extant, contained
in four folio paper-covered volumes. The applicant for the license
had to enter into a bond with the clerk of the peace, usually for
;^20, and to find a surety, the fee for which was two shillings.
From 17SO, the name of the surety as well as the licensee was
entered. The following is an example of a swailer's bond ; —
Derbyshire to wit. At the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace held at Derby in & for
the said County on Tuesday the Thirty first day of March 1 76 1
James Wingfield of Wirksworth in ye County of Derby Swailer in  £20
George Godbehere of Wirksworth aforesaid miner  ;^I0
to be respectively made & levied of their several Goods and Chattels Lands &
Tenements for the use of our Sovereign Lord the King his heirs & successors, if
default shall be made in performance of the Conditions hereunder written.
The Condition of this Recognizance is such that if ye said James Wingfield do not fore
stall regrate ingross or buy any Corne except in open markette, & if the said J. W. shall
demesne himself in the office of a Swailer according to the Laws & Statutes of this Realm,
then this Recognizance to be void Otherwise to be & remain in full force & virtue.
There is an alphabetical list, with residences of all drovers, badgers,
swailers and hucksters who held licenses, of the year 1760. They
amount to two hundred and eleven. As an instance of the invariable
ups and downs of all families, especially in their younger branches, it
may be mentioned that among the eighteenth century itinerant
dealers of Derbyshire the following names may be found : — Bagshawe,
Bateman, Buxton, Foxlow, Gell, Greaves, Heathcote, Hart, Mellor,
Meynell, Mundy, and Wilmot

248 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

IRecoanisances.
The most bulky part of the Derbyshire records are the Re
cognizances, or bonds for good behaviour, etc. It is tantalising to
find so large a number of sixteenth and seventeenth century records
carefully kept to which so little comparative value or interest is
attached, when documents of a like date, far more precious, are
altogether absent, or only illustrated by a very few examples. The
recognizances extend from the very beginning of Elizabeth's reign
down to the present time. There are some for every reign, but the
amount that have been stored is very capricious for different periods
and for different years of the same reign. For instance, of the reign
of Charles I. there are seven recognizances of the third year ; of the
fourteenth year there are no less than two hundred and three,
arranged in months ; of the fifteenth year there are neariy as many,
but only covering nine months ; of the remainder of the reign there
is not a single example.
By far the greater part of the recognizances are those taken out
by ale-house keepers ; another fruitful source of bonds was bastardy ;
another, the binding over of witnesses or prosecutors to appear at
the sessions ; and yet another was the taking of sureties for the
keeping of the peace. Various other occasions that required
statutory recognizances have been incidentally alluded to throughout
these volumes.
With regard to ale-house recognizances, no general legislation
took place with reference to these houses till the years 1551-2,*
when an Act was passed requiring keepers of ale-houses and
tippling-houses to be bound by recognizances. No specified form
of obligation is given in the statute, but the recognizances were to
be certified at the next Quarter Sessions, and there to remain
upon record before the justices of the peace of that shire. The
earliest recognizance bears date the 8th of August, in the first
year of Queen Elizabeth, 1559, and is for the wapentake of
Scarsdale. The heading is in Latin and the condition in English,
an arrangement that remained usual for a century and a half
[Translation.]
Derbyshire to Wit. Recognizances of Alehouse Keepers admitted within the Wapentake
of Scarsdale in the aforesaid County of Derby and taken at Chesterfield in the County
* S and 6 Ed. VI., k.. 25.

RECOGNIZANCES. 249
aforesaid the 8th day of August in the first year of the reign of Elizabeth by the grace of
God of England France & Ireland, Queen defender of the faith, &c. Before George Lord
Talbott, Francis Leek, Knight, and James Hardwyck Esq. Justices of the peace of the said
lady the Queen in the aforesaid County appointed. Also assigned to hear and try divers
felonies trespasses and other misdemeanours in the aforesaid County perpetrated.
Memorandum, that on the day year & place aforesaid Richard Ynce of Spinkhill yeoman
& William Brebys of Eckington personally appeared before the said justices & acknowledged
themselves separately to owe the sum of £^ each and John Ynce of Eckington personally
appeared & acknowledged himself to owe the sum of ;^I0, which sums are to be respectively-
levied on their several lands & tenements goods & chattels for the use of our said
sovereign lady the Queen if default shall be made in performance of the condition
hereunder written.
The condition of this Recognizance is such that if the above bounden John Ynce now
being by the said Justices Admitted and- allowed lo keep a common Alehouse or Typlying
house, from henceforth do neyther frequent or use nor suffer to be frequented or used any
unlawful game or games in his houses orchards or gardens or in any of them but maintain &
keep good order & rule in the same and in every one of them That then this Recognizance
to be void and of non effect or else to stand and be in full power strength and virtue.
On the same membrance are the bonds of five other ale-house
keepers fully recited, whilst a second snialler one records condensed
particulars with regard to fourteen other licensed victuallers of
Chesterfield. At another licensing session for the wapentake of
Scarsdale, held at Chesterfield, on September 13th of the same year,
six other ale-house licenses were granted, the bonds being fully
enrolled and testified at the foot by Francis Leeke and Godfrey
Foljambe. There are two or three other detached ale-house re
cognizances for the same hundred of the first year of Elizabeth
granted by these two justices.
The second year of Elizabeth furnishes the first example, under
date November loth, of a recognizance to keep the peace ;
Francis Mylnwarte being bound over at Sudbury, before Henry
Vernon, in the sum of twenty marks, to keep " ye peasse
agaynste all her Majestyes leige peopell & specially agaynste
Roberte Mylnwarte & his househollde," and to appear at the
next general sessions.
The third year of Elizabeth gives a list of recognizances entered
into at Derby, at the Easter Sessions, before Francis Curzon, Vincent
Mundy, and Gilbert Thacker.
The fourth year of Elizabeth, 1562, supplies an interesting letter,
signed by the great Earl of Shrewsbury, begging the justices to grant
licenses to two men at Chesterfield, whose licenses seem to have
been taken away for misbehaviour. To the official request written
by his secretary, the Earl, in his peculiarly illegible running hand,
appends a note, apparently urging caution, although he wants the

250 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE. ANNALS.
favour to be granted. The following is a copy of this letter, which
is given in fac-simile on Plate II. : —
After my Hartie commendaciones Whereas Harry Sharson & John Woodwarde both of
Longtyme occupied the trade of brewinge in Chesterfyld Wherefore these are to desyre you
to allowe the same uppon bondes of their good behavor to brew as they have done in tymes
past Thus fare you well From Rufford this xxvijth of October.
Yor lovinge Frinde G. Shrewsbury
Of favour I pray you that they charg that
they behave themselves well in ther
houses & to suffer no shop servants to
be- in ther houses as they have been
acostomyed at unlawful oures. [endorsed] To ray Lovinge Frinde
Sr Francis LeakeKnyght.
On the following 4th of November, Woodward and Sharson
obtained their licenses at Chesterfield, their bonds for good behaviour
being taken before the Earl and his friend Sir Francis ; they are
both filed among the County papers.
There is also extant a membrance of November 2nd, 1562,
containing the recognizances of seven ale-house keepers, of Hather
sage, Tideswell, and Hope, taken at Overhaddon, before Sir George
Vernon and Sir Thomas Sutton.
The records of the recognizances taken for the borough of Chester
field from the ale-house keepers and butchers immediately after the
Restoration are of special interest On the 22nd of February, before
Thomas Needham, Mayor of Chesterfield, and Godfrey Clarke, one
of the county justices, no less than ninety-four ale-house licenses
were granted, bonds being taken from the holders for ;£'io, together
with two sureties of £$ each. The condition of these recognizances
was^" That if the above-bounden  shall not dresse nor suffer
anie flesh to be dressed or eaten in his house in the time of Lent or
uppon anie other dayes prohibited by the Law nor shall make any
Supper for anie Person or Persons whatsoever uppon Fryday nights
either in Lent or out of Lent nor suffer anie meate to be then
dressed uttered sold or eaten in his house contrary to Lawe and
his Maties late Proclamacon That then this Recognizance to be
void or els to remaine in force."
In a like manner, at the same time, and before the same jus
tices, the butchers of Chesterfield were bound, to the number of
twenty-one, the condition of their recognizance being, " That if the

COUNTY

Facsimile of Letter of the Earl of Shrewsbury, 1562.

- !K«. -«'

_^^ 'Z.A- -1< ^^!^^^•^<^ ^I?H^f^j^'^m

-^-^--^-^V^-f;-;^ :¦ i

RECOGNIZANCES. 25 1
above-bound  shall not kill or sell any flesh during the rime of
Lent contrary to Law and the Kings Maties late Proclamacon without
lycence That then this Recognizance be void or els to stand in force."
On the following first of April, the whole of the ale-house keepers
had to take out separate recognizances, before the same justices, after
the usual form, in accordance with the statute of Edward VI.
The legal prohibition as to Lent and Fridays was founded on the
Statutes 2 and 3 Edward VI., c. 19, and 5 Elizabeth, c. 5 ; and the
proclamation quoted is one issued by Charles on January 29th, 1660,
" for restraint of killing, dressing, and eating flesh in Lent or on any
fish days appointed by Law to be observed." *
For the year 1666, part of the roll of recognizances entered into by
the ale-house keepers of the hundred of Repton and Gresley, before
Sir Thomas Gresley, Sir John Harpur, and Robert Harding, is
preserved ; the condition recites among the unlawful games, " tables,
dice, cardes, tennis, and bowles ; " and prohibits the dressing of flesh
on prohibited days.
For the year 1669, the whole list of the victuallers of the hundred
of Scarsdale, with their bondsmen, licensed by James Chadwick,
Godfrey Clarke, and Francis Bailee, is preserved ; it amounts to a
total of three hundred and fifty-six names. There is another list for
the same hundred ten years later.
On March 27th, 1673, at Bakewell, before John Shallcross, Robert
Eyre, Robert Ashton, and Ralph Aspenhurst, one hundred and sixty-
three recognizances were entered into by the licensed victuallers of
the High Peak. As the condition of these later bonds of the reign
of Charles II. differs materially from the shorter forms that preceded
them, it may be well to give the first of those granted at Bakewell
on the date just mentioned : —
The Condition of this Recognizance is such that whereas the above bounden Edward
Dodson is admitted and allowed by the said Justices to keep a Common Ale house and
Victualling House for the space of one whole year next ensuing the date hereof and noe
longer in the house where he now dwelleth at Bakewell in the County of Derby and not
elsewhere in the said County if therefore the said Edward Dodson-shall not during the time
Aforesaid permit or suffer or have any playing at dice Cards tables, quoits Loggets Bowls
or any other unlawful game or games in his House Yard Garden or backside, nor shall
suffer to be or remain in his house any Person or Persons, not being his ordinary household
servant, upon any Sabbath day or holy day during the time of divine service or sermon nor
shall suffer any Person to Lodge or Stay in his House Above one day, and one night, but
such whose true name and sirname he shall deliver to the Constable, or in his absence to
some of the officers of the same Parish the next day following unless they be such Person or
* See Proclamations Sf Declarations, 1625-1699, c. 21 f. [Brit. Mus.]

252 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Persons as he or she well knoweth, and will answer for his or their forth coming nor suffer
any Person in his or her House tipling or drinking contrary to the Law nor yet to be there
tipling and drinking after nine of the clock in the night time, nor buy or take to Pawn any
stolen goods, nor willingly harbour in his said house, or in his- Barns, Stables, or others
where any Rogues Vagabonds Sturdy Beggars Masterless men or other notorious offenders
whatsover nor suffer any Person or Persons to sell or utter any Beer or Ale or other victuals
by Deputation or by Colour of his or her Licence, and also he shall keep the true assize and
measure of his Pols, Bread, and otherwise in his uttering of his Ale Beer and Bread and Ihe
same Beer and Ale and also to Sell by Sealed Measure and according to the assize and not
otherwise and shall not utter or sell any Strong Beer or Strong Ale above a penny a quart,
and so on after the same Rates, and also shall not utter nor willingly suffer to be uttered
drink taken or tipled (sic) any tobacco within his said House Shop Celler or other place
there unto belonging that then this Recognizance to be void.
Loggett, mentioned in this recognizance, is one of the unlawful
games prohibited in the statute of .23 Henry VIII., c. 9. It has been
described in diverse ways, and was probably played after varying
methods in different parts of the country ; but it seems to have much
resembled skittles, only that the pins weie thrown at a bowl instead
of bowls at pins.*
The smoking of tobacco, described in such a confused way by the
scribe of this recognizance, was prohibited in common ale-houses at
this time, not because of the sin of smoking, but on account of fear of
defrauding the revenue by the consumption of smuggled tobacco.
A sessional list of recognizances for Easter, 1674, recites forty that
had been entered into extra curam for good behaviour and keeping
the peace, as well as several for bastardy, the holders of which had to
appear before the Sessions. There were also several for good
behaviour and future appearance entered into in curam during the
Sessions. At the Trans. Sessions, 1676, forty-nine had to appear on
recognizances, and at the Epiph. Sessions, 1677, forty-eight had to
make a like appearance ; and these in addition to the victuallers.
" Conditions " for ale-house bonds used to vary much, according to
the changing times, but the following form was adopted early last
century, and remained almost stereotyped till nearly our own days : —
Upon condition that the said  do and shall keep the true assize in utiering and
selling Bread and olfier Victuals, Beer, Ale, and other Liquors, in his House, and shall not
fraudulently dilute or adulterate the same, and shall not use, in uttering and selling thereof,
any Pots or other Measures that are not of full size, and shall not wilfully or knowingly
permit Drunkenness or Tippling, nor get drunk in his House, or other Premises ; nor
knowingly suffer any Gaming with Cards, Draughts, Dice, Bagatelle, or any other sedentary
Game in his House, or any of the Outhouses, Appurtenances, or Easements thereto
belonging, by Journeymen, Labourers, Servants, or Apprentices ; nor knowingly introduce,
permit or suffer any Bull, Bear, or Badger Baiting, Cock-Fighting, or other such Sport or
* Brand's Potular Antiquities, Vol. ii., p. 294-5.

ALEHOUSES. 253
Amusement in any part of his Premises, nor shall knowingly or designedly, and with a view
to harbour and entertain such, permit or suffer Men or Women of notoriously bad fame, or
dissolute Girls and Boys, to assemble and meet together in his House, or any of the Premises
thereto belonging, nor shall keep open his House, nor permit or suffer any Drinking or
Tippling, in any part of his Premises, during the usual hours of Divine Service on Sundays ;
nor shall keep open his House or other Premises, during late Hours of the Night, or early
in the Morning, for any other purpose than the reception of Travellers, but do keep good
Rule and Order therein, according to the purport of a Licence granted for selling Ale, Beer,
or other Liquors, by Retail, in the said Houses and Premises, for one whole Year, then this
Recognizance to be void, or else to remain in full force.

aiebouses.
The question of the licensing and regulating of alehouses has been
already dealt with to some extent in the previous sub-section on
recognizances, but other points in connection with the licensing and
general control and conduct of these houses remain to be noted.
The licensing justices seem to have been ever ready to receive, and
in a great measure to be guided by, the expressed wish or petitions of
the inhabitants of the districts affected, thereby indirectly admitting
the principle of what is now termed " popular control."
In connection with petitions both in favour of and against the
licensing of houses, we have noticed, as examples, the following
instances : — In 1649, Nathaniel Ash, the clergyman of Scropton,
together with the churchwardens and nine other inhabitants, petition
the court in favour of a license being granted to Thomas Rowbothome
and Margery his wife, " very honest people of good Carriage Credit
and behaviour both in their owne house and amongst their neighbours
being both industrious and willinge in any lawfull endeavoures to get
their maintenance and livinge but most desirous in regard that the
house wherein they now dwell hath beene an old accustomed Alehouse
and victualling house and very fitt and decent for lodginge strangers
and passengers being so necessary and standinge by the common
hiewayside and of much respect and note of many who have
made it their Inne." The prayer was granted.
This note, of the same year, endorsed " For ye worpfull Coll.
Sanders at Derby," is from the vicar of Wirksworth, a prominent
Presbyterian : —
Much Honoured Sr
May it please you to take into consideration the condition of Henry Hall of Wirks
worth, who was formerly a shoemaker & lived of his trade is now through old age impayred

254 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
in his eyesight and unable to work, & towards ye maintenance of himself his wife &
children desires to brew ale to sell, & withall doth promise yt there shall be no disorder in
his house. I humbly desire yt according to his good behaviour hee may bee permitted to
brew & sell ale, & you shall thereby engage Yrs humbly devoted to you to his power
Wirksworth, Martin Topham.
this Octob :
1649.
In the same year, Martin Topham addresses the sessions on behalf
of two other Wirksworth men who were desirous of obtaining
licenses. At the Mich. Sessions, 1649, the churchwardens, constable, and
seven other residents of Horsley, state in petition that there have
been two licensed houses for a long time in their town, one of which
was suspended for disorder, and beg that the license may be trans
ferred to Richard Middleton, " Who hath kept an antient victualinge
house and good order."
In 1650, a noteworthy case occurred, in which there is an irregular
appeal from the sessions to a justice of assize.
To the right Honble Philipp Germin Justice of Assize & Goale Delivery for the County of
Derby. The humble petition of John Hodges of Belpar.
Humbly sheweth that yor petitioner's house in Belpar having beene an Inn these
fourescore yeares & noe" other Inn in the Towne there being greate want of an Inn &
yor petitioner's house very fitt for that purpose & yor petitioner alwaies well affected
to the Parliament.
That yor petitioner for one miscarriage out of his house was by Colonel Sanders &
the justices of peace for the County of Derby restrained for which hee hath given satis
faction. May it please your Lorpp if upon notice to Colonell Sanders & the justices of the peace
att next Quarter Sessions the same bee not by them opposed to grant yor petitioner a
License to brewe, to begin from & after the said Quarter Sessions
And yor petitioner shall dayly pray for yor Lorpps happiness
[Note in the writing of the Justice of Assize].
Colonel Saunders & ye Justices of ye peace at ye next Quarter Sessions are desired
to commiserate the petitioner's case & to restore him to keep his Inn as formerly
if they see cause. Sale. Martii 22 — 1650. PhUip Jermyn.
In the same year, William Jackson, William Poyser, William
Smedley, John Canton, Thomas Canton, and Thomas Poyser,
petitioned the justices that Thomas Wood, of Shottle, " may bee put
downe from brewing," the reasons alleged being that he was of loo.se
behaviour and kept evil company in his house, not only upon ordinary
days but upon the Lord's day, and was very " unfitt to bee authorised

ALEHOUSES. 255
to keepe a victuallinge and Alehouse." The justices granted a
warrant for Wood's immediate apprehension, and he was deprived
of his license.
On July 13th, 1650, information was laid by an informer before
Justice Manlove, that Thomas Hoode and Millicent his wife kept an
alehouse without a license, and that they were " much given to
drinkinge and tipplinge."
An undated document of the Commonwealth period affords an
example of a petition against an expected penalty.
To the Right Honerable Bench of Justices of Peace for the County of Derby.
Whereas your poor petitioner Francis Woodhouse of Woodhouse in the Parish of Horsley
in the County of Derby a coale minor having five small children &: nothing but what I get
by my hard Labor doth stand indicted through malice of a neighbor for filling of ale on
the Sabath day whereof your Humble Pettitioner is wrongfully accused for the substance
was but too pintes of alle that day which never was any use to break the sabath day by
filling ale nor no other unlawfuU matter in my house as all my neighbors can wittness.
Therefore your poor & humble Petitioner Humbly Craves that your Honerable bench will
consider my wrongfull accusation upon such a small matter & consider my condition of my
poor family which I hope your Honerable bench will be favourable to my destressed con
dition & I shall be bound to pray, etc.
The petition is signed by William Hunter, John Lowe, Robert
Fletcher, and nine others, who testify to their belief in the good
credit of the petitioner. The result was that the court fined him
a shilling. At Trans. Sessions, 1654, a petition, signed by Christopher
Sanderson and seven other inhabitants of Chaddesden, was presented
on behalf of Sampson Blackeshaw, asking for a renewal of his license
to keep a victualing house, as he was " one of the ablest of that
calling in our Towne for matter of outward estate, & that there hath
beene nothing objected against him, nor can be soe for we have
knowledge of his cariage."
In 1665, the humble petition of " many of ye Inhabitants " of
Stanley was presented to the justices in session, stating that John
Holland, an ale-house keeper of Stanley, " doth keepe very great
disorders in his house & three severall Lords day lately did suffer
uncivill company to drincke & bee druncke in his house," and
praying that he might be suppressed. The petition is endorsed
with brief emphasis, " To bee suppressed, John Holland."
An Order of Easter Sessions, 1688, gives a very imperious reason
for withdrawing a license : — " Ordered that John Holme & his wife
of Kedleston bee suppressed from any longer brewinge or sellinge

256 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
of beere or Ale till further Order, It being obnoxious to Sir
Nathaniel Curzon."
At the Trans. Sessions of the same year, William Robinson, of
Hartshorn, produced a certificate from Justice Kendall that he was
" reformed in his manners & way of livinge, & again fit to be
lycensed to keepe a Common Alehouse." A temporary license
was thereupon granted him until the next sessions.
At the Mich. Sessions, 1689, an instance occurred of a license
being altogether withdrawn because the inhabitants did not wish for
it The minister and several of the chief inhabitants of Marston-on-
Dove complained by petition that Gilbert Potter, ale-house keeper,
suffered disorder in his house, " and further that the said village is
not a proper place for an Alehouse, being remote from any Roade
and that the lycensinge of an ' Alehouse there would bee very
prejudiciall to the Inhabitants as an occasion of drawing their
servants into Idleness & other' Inconveniences." Gilbert Potter was
accordingly suppressed from any longer keeping a " tipplinge house,"
and no new license was granted for Marston-on-Dove.
A year later, the justices suppressed the licenses of Robert
Needham and Joseph Baker, both of Dale Abbey, because they
suffered disorder and " entertained persons that speake in derogation
of the Government."
In the same year, Michaelmas, 1690, Richard Gray, of Repton,
was reported for disorder, and lost his license, because he " hath
behaved himself Insolently towards their Matys Justices of the Peace
that rebuked him for the said disorder."
At the Trans. Sessions, 1694, William Forman and Scipio
Roulston, both of Longford, were suppressed as " persons unfit to use
common Sellinge of Ale & Beer both in respect of the Scituation &
meannesse of their Houses not capable of Entertaiment of Travellers
and Way faireinge men, & alsoe persons themselves that suffer evill
Rule & disorder in their houses."
The licenses of two houses at Repton were suspended, in 170S1
for three years for suffering drunkenness, and the constable was
ordered to remove the signs. Again, in 1707, the constable, for a
like reason, was ordered to remove the sign of an offending house
at Mugginton.
There are various convictions recorded against publicans of the
first half of last century, but none of any special moment, unless it
be this one, wherein the first case that we have met with of gambling

ALEHOUSES. 257
on licensed premises is recorded. The following are the informations
of two witnesses, taken on oath before Richard Bagshaw, on
January 26th, 1746: —
The Examination of John Oliver taken Upon Oath this 26th January 1746.
Who saith that on Wednesday ye 21st day of this Jnstant January he was at Thomas
Thorps at Heeley with John Gregory & whilst they was at that place there came Abraham
Cooper & Samuel Selvester into there Company & after they had been there some time they
all went together to Robert Wainwrights at ye four lane ends in the parish of Norton &
from there they went to WiUiam Marshes another house at ye Said four lane Ends, & this
Examinant further saith that about Seven a Clock last Evening whilst they was at ye said
William Marshes there came John Wright of Dronfield & Samuel Sparks of Unston, And
then he this Examinant & the said John Gregory John Wright Samuel Sparks Abraham
Cooper & Samuel Selvester all begun of Drinking together & soon after Sarah ye wife of
ye said William Marsh brought in a Pack of Cards and this Examinant and ye said Samuel
Sparks begun to play at a Game called put & ye said Sparks got about two guinnas of him
al that Game & then this Examinant & Samuel Sparks John Wright & Abraham Cooper
begun at a Game called Brag, and he this Examinant did at one lime Brag £3 12s. at
another £i i6s. at another £1 Is. and Samuel Sparks John Wright & Abraham Cooper
all joyned together & took up this Examinants money without ever showing their Cards
& he further saith that in ye whole the said Samuel Sparks John Wright & Abraham
Cooper Cheated and defrauded him that night of about ;^i8 & then they all fell upon
this Examinant & struck & abused him after a barbarous manner.
The Confession of Samuel Parks taken this 27th January 1746
Who saith that on Wednesday ye 21st of this Jnstant January about 3 a Clock in the
Afternoon John Wright & this Examinant went from Hole Milln in the Liberty of Unston
to William Marshes an Alehouse in the Parish of Norton with an intent to Spend a Shilling
& when they got there the said John Wright called for a Tankard of Punch & whilst there
John Gregory came in & Challeng'd to play him a Game at Whist but the Said John
Gregory and this Examinant play'd two Games at Putt and then there came in John Oliver
who Challeng'd this Exam' to play him at Putts for Sixpence a Game and after they playd
at Putt for 5s. a Game & for half a Guinea and a Guinea a Game & then this Examinant &
John Wright Samuel Selvester John Selvester & John Oliver who was all in Company and
begun at a Game called bragg and at which said Games this Examinant got £g : 8s : 6d. of
which said money this Examinant gave John Wright 3 Guinuas that night they having
agreed before between this Examinant & John Wright to goe Shares at what they won.
The license of a publican of Dronfield was taken away in 1778
" because that a pair of cocks were fought in the said house between
twelve and one o'clock of the night and sundry other irregularities."*

With regard to early licensing laws and the way in which they were worked in
Derbyshire, see an article by the author in the Fortnightly Review for June, 1890, which
shows that there is not the slightest precedent for "Compensation."

SECTION IX.— TERRITORIAL.

— — 5-SI
Deeds Enrolled. Close and Plea Rolls. Rent Charge
Roll. Deeds relative to County Property. Enclosure
Awards. Gamekeepers' Deputations. Court Lefts of
Elvaston, Thurlston, and Ambaston.

SECTION IX.— TERRITORIAL.

-Ht

2)eeb0 lenroUeb.
Under the sectional heading " Territorial," we shall first consider
those sessional documents which affect proprietary rights. The first
of this series, both as regards antiquity and importance, are the
Deeds enrolled under an Act made in the 27th year of the reign of
King Henry VIII., c. 16. This statute was entitled " An Act
concerning enrolmentes of bargaines and contractes of Landes and
Tenements," and it required that every bargain and sale of any
estate of inheritance or freehold should be made by deed, indented
and enrolled, within six months from the date, in one of the Courts
of Record at Westminster, or before the Custos Rotulorum and two
justices of the peace and the clerk of the peace for the county in
which the lands lay, or two of them at the least, of which the clerk of
the peace should be one. The clerk of the peace was required to
" sufficiently enroll & ingrosse in Parchement the same deeds &
writings, & the rolls thereof at the end of every year to be given
to the Custos Rotulorum."
Although this statute was passed in the year 153S, no enrolments
of an earlier day than the 26th Elizabeth are now extant at
Derby. From that period down to 1601, which embraces the first
roll, the entries come with great regularity, and so continue to the
end of the second roll, which ends in 161 1. Between the end of the
second and the beginning of the third roll there is a gap of ten
years, but in 1621 the entries continue with the same regularity as is
found in their predecessors down to 1626. Then comes another

262 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
hiatus of six years, the fourth roll commencing with 1633, and re
cording enrolments for two years, after which occurs another interval
of fifteen years. The fifth roll commences in 1651, continuing during
the Commonwealth, and ends with the year 1666. From that date
down to the year 1720, no enrolment under this statute is found ;
one then occurs, beginning the sixth roll, and in 1729 they re
commence, appearing at short intervals till the year 1765, and then
wholly cease.* The diminished number of enrolments under this
statute may be accounted for by an easier communication being
established with Westminster, and that enrolments in the courts of
record there might be preferred to the local registration ; or it might
be caused by the loophole discovered in the statute (it is said by Sir
Francis Moore, serjeant-at-law, in 1620), " which, when a few had
safely passed, many others followed." t Perhaps, however, a yet
more probable reason for the very long intervals between some of
the rolls is that many of these valuable documents have been lost to
the county.
These deeds contain enrolments of bargain and sale of houses,
lands, tenements, and hereditaments (in some cases the coal and
ironstone being reserved by the vendor) ; sales of manorial and
commonable rights ; grants in fee of reversion and remainder ; grants
of annuities, of mortgage deeds ; deeds of gift ; grants of rights of
fishery ; grants of tithes, mortuaries, oblation, and first-fruits ; per
petual rent charges ; sale of advowsons ; and marriage and post
nuptial settlements. There are besides some enrolments of property
taken under the powers of Acts passed for repairing and widening
the road from Little Sheffield, in the county of York, to Sparrow
Gate, in the county of Derby ; | for repairing and widening the roads
from Chapel Bar, near the west end of the town of Nottingham, to
Newhaven, in the county of Derby ; § for repairing and widening the
road from the turnpike road near the west end of the town of
Chesterfield to Matlock-Bridge ; || and also of grants of perpetual
rent charges in respect of lands taken by authority of the Trent and
Mersey Canal Actll These are entered, with various others

* The periods covered by these five Rolls are : — I., 1583 to 1602 ; II., 1603 to 1611 ;
III., 1621 to 1626; IV., 1633 lo 1635; v., 1651 to 1666; and VL, 1720 (wilh gaps)
to 1769. t Williams's Law of Real Property. X 31 George II., c. 62.
§ 32 George III., c. 38. i| 33 George II., c. 39.
"'. 6 Georj^e III. u. 96.

DEEDS ENROLLED.

263

occasionally enrolled, down to the present time, under different and
later Acts, on what may be called the Mixed Roll (seventh).
Under the several heads above enumerated there are in all two
hundred and twenty-one enrolments under the Act of Henry VIII.,
in addition to various others under more recent Acts. All these
deeds have been calendared, and the purport of each document
shown. An index of names and places has also been drawn up.
The abstract calendars of these Rolls were most carefully
prepared under the direction of Colonel Colvile. As examples of
the information contained in the calendars, the entries of the first
six of the first roll, and of the first three of the remaining rolls
are here given : — Roll I.
Mi II December 26 EUzabeth [A. D. 1583]
William Bearde, of Bearde Hall in the '^
County of Derby, gentleman. To
Francis Leeke, of Sutton in le Dale, same
county.
M 2 20 March 27 Elizabeth [A.D. 1584-5]
Thomas Fitche, alias Fuche, alias \
Fowicher, of the Town of Derby, gentle
man. To
Edward Burnell, the elder, of Southwell,
Notts., gentn.
M 3 3 September 27 Elizabeth [A.D. 1585]
Grant in fee of the Reversion of Messuages
or Tenements in Iron Gate Street in the
parish of All hallowes [-411 Saints] ; of a
Messuage, Tenement, or Mansion House in
the said parish ; of a Messuage or Tenement
in the parish of St. Alkmundes, and of closes
of Meadow or Pasture called Beckett Well,
Halfepenny Crosse all in Derby ; and of
Siddale close in Lytchurche.
M 4 I May 27 Elizabeth [A.D. 1585]
John Savage, of Castleton, co. of Derby, \

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Capital Mes
suage or Tenement, with the appurtenances,
called Bearde Hall in the said County.

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Messuage or
Tenement in Markeaton, alias Marton, and of
- lands and tenements in the Towns Fields and
Parishes of Markeaton alias Marlon, Mack-
worthe and AUestree, Derby.

Michaell Turnor, son & heir of Robt.
Turner, of Derby, Baker, To
Robert Beynbrigge, of same Town, gentle
man.

/

gentleman.

To

Thomas Knyveton, of Myddleton, in same
county, gentn,
M 5 28 June 29 Elizabeth [A.D. 1587]
William Selyocke, of- Hasilborowe, co.
of Derby, gentleman, To
William Dyckenson,- of Sheffyld, co. of
York, yeoman.

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Messuage
- or Tenement and Lands &c. in Yolgreave,
CO. of Derby.

Bargain and Sale in fee of the Manor or
- Capital Messuage of Hasilborowe in the said
Counly of Derby.

264

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

M 6

13 August 30 Elizabeth [A.D. 1588]

Henry Foljambe, of Kinston, Notts,
Esqre To
Rauffe Wyggley, of Duffield, in co. of
Derby, yeoman, and Edward Allen, of
Watfild in same county. Husbandman.

Grant of a Rent of Six pounds thirteen
Shillings and four pence out of the Jlanors of
Dethick and Lea, in the said county of Derby,
parcel of the sum of thirty six pounds thirteen
Shillings and four pence, residue of an
Annuity of one hundred Marks granted to the
said Henry Foljambe by Anthony Babyngton,
late of Dethick in the said County of Derby
Esqre deceased, of High Treason attainted.

M I

Roll II.
10 February 45 Elizabeth [A.D. 1602-3]

Edmunde Slighe, of Derbye, in the
County of Derbie, Merchant of the Staple,
and Gervase, his son, of the same Town,
also Merchant of the Staple,
To
Edward Smythe, of Alestree, in said
County, yeoman ; John Sadler of the same
Town, yeoman ; and Humfrey Vicars, of
Quarndon, in the same County of Derby,
yeoman.

Grant in fee of all manner of Tithes of
Corn, Grain, Blade, Hay, Wool, Lambs, Pigs,
Geese, Hemp and Flax becoming due or
growing within the Village and Fields of
Quarndon aforesaid ; and of all manner of
Mortuaries, Oblations, Obventions, Fruits &c.
in Quarndon aforesaid belonging to the late
College, or Free Chapel of All Saints, in the
Town of Derby aforesaid.

M 2

20 September i James I. [A.D. 1603]

Richard Harpur, of Little Over, in the
County of Derby Esqre ; Bryan Bewley of
Melborne in said County gentn ; Thomas
Roper, of Appleby in said Counly, gentn ;
John Browidoe, of Nottingham in the
County of the Town of Nottingham, gentn ;
Richard Dale of Osmaston, gentn ; Francis
Aspynall of Derby, gentn ; and Robert son
& heir of Robt. Roper late of the same
Town Esqre To
William Sales, of London, Merchant
Tailor.

Lease of a Tenement or Farm in Langley,
parish of Heynor, in the County of Derby
aforesaid ; To Hold for such term of years as
' the said Richard Harpur and the other five
first-named parties or any four of them may
"demise," according to the appointment of
the said Robert Roper.

M3

30 September I James I. [A.D. 1603]

Richard Harpur, of Little Over, in the \
County of Derby Esqre ; Bryan Bewley of
Melburne in the same County gentn ;
Thomas Roper of Applebie in the same
County, gentn ; John Brownloe, of Basford,
Notts, gentn ; Richard Dale of Osmaston,
in the said County of Derby ; and Francis
Aspinall of the Town of Derby, gentn.
To
John Steere, of Osmaston aforesaid, yeoman /

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Messuage,
Farm and Tenement in the. Town of Loscowe,
parish of Heynor, in the County of Derby
aforesaid.

DEEDS ENROLLED.

265

M 3 30 September i James I. [A.D. 1603]
Richard Harpur, Bryan Bewley, Thomas \
Roper, Richard Dale and Francis Aspinall Grant in fee of Tithes renewing or growing
[as before] I within the Towns Fields and Territories of
To I Codnor and Loscowe, in the County of Derby.
John Brownloe, of Basford, Notts, gentle- [obliterated and torn in parts]
man.

Roll III.

Bargain and Sale in fee of the Park Im
paled or Inclosed Ground commonly caUed
Butterleye Park ; and of the Messuages,
Cottages, Buildings, Lands Tenements and
Hereditaments &c. lying within the Pale of
the said Park.

Ml' 20 November 19 James I. [A.D. 1621]
John Fitzherbert of Tissington in the \
Counly of Derby Esqre and John Bullocke
of Darley Abbey in the same County,
Esqre To
Baptist Trott, of Tissington aforesaid,
gentleman. M 2 8 March 19 James I. [A.D. 1621-2]
Bargain and Sale of all and all manner of
Tithes of Corn Sheaves, and Blade of Corn
Hay Money for Tithe Wool and Lamb Woods
Herbage and all other Tithes &c. of right
belonging to the Rectory of Norton aforesaid
out of the Messuages and Lands &c. of the
said George and Philip Gill or either of them ;
To Hold to the said George and Philip Gill
and the heirs of the said Philip for ever.
I April 20 James I. [A.D. 1622]

John Bullocke, of Derleighe, in the
County of Derbye, Esqre To
George Gill, of Haslehurst, and Philip
GUI, of Lightwood, parish of Norton, in
the County aforesaid, gentleman.

M 3
Thomas Bagshawe, of the Ridge Hall,
in the County of Derby, Esqre
To
Dorothy, one of the daughters of Sir John
Stanhope, late of Elvaston in the said
County deceased.

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Water Corn
Mill called Mamestonefeild MiU, alias Mamas-
tofeild Mill, and of Tunsteed MiU, both in
the High Peak in the Counly of Derby
aforesaid ; with all the Soke. & Suit to the
said Mills belonging.

Roll IV.

M I

14 May 8 Charles I. [A.D. 1632]
Bargain and Sale in fee of a Common
Feeding and Depasturing at all times of the
year for Four Hundred Sheep in and upon
Brassington, alias Brasson, Moor, and Elton
in the said County of Derby, Conveyed by
Sir Francis Foljambe of Walton in the same
County Bart, to the said Christopher Fulwood
by Indenture dated 9 November 3 Charles I.
M 2 22 December 8 Charles I. [A.D. 1632]
Richard Buckley of Aston upon Trent, in .

Christopher Fulwood, of Middleton, in
the Counly of Derby, Esqre
To
Thomas Eyre, of Hassop, in said County,
Esqre.

the Counly of Derby, yeoman, Ann his
wife and Hugh, their son.
To
Robert Porter of Shardlow in the said
County of Derby, gentleman.

Bargain and Sale in "fee of a Messuage or
Tenement, Cottage and Land in Shardlow
and Wilne, in the said County of Derby.

266

THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

M 3

14 June 9 Charles I. [A.D. 1633]

Philip Eari of ChesterfeUd, To
Henry Lord Stanhope, son & heir apparent
of the said Earl.

Grant for Lord Stanhope's maintenance and
pursuant to previous Indentures therein re
cited, of the Manor and Soke of Sawley, and
the appurtenances &c. in the Counties of
Derby and Leicester, and other Lands, &c., of
the said Earl in Sawley, Long Eaton, Wilstropp, Thrumpton, Hopwell, Risley, Breaston,
Draycote, Wilne, and Sandiacre in the said Counties of Derby and Leicester ; with Closes
called Mawkin, Hill Close, The New Rayled Close, the Great Moor Close, the Town End
Close, the Conny Croft, the Upper and Neather Fox Holes, in Shelford, Notts ; To Hold
the said Manor and Soke in fee, and the said Closes &c for forty years if the said Earl and
Henry Lord Stanhope shall live so long.

Roll V.
25 March [A.D. 1650]

M I
Sir Samuel Sleighe, of Ashe, in the '
County of Derby, knight. To
Thomas Sanders, of Little Ireton, in the
said County, Esqre
M 2 29 May [A.D. 1651]
Robert Drapur, of CuUand, alias Coland, \
in the County of Derby, gentn ; George
Harpur, of Twiford, in said County, gentn ;
and John Harpur, of Morley, in said
County, clerk. To
George AUestrye, of Derby, gentn. /
29 May [A.D. 1651]

Bargain and Sale in fee of a Messuage or
Tenement &c. in Little Ireton with four
Closes or Inclosed Grounds, called Three
Morelande Feilds and Preist Close ; all in
Little Ireton in the County of Derby aforesaid.

Grant of a Capital Messuage or Tenement
with the appurtenances &c. in CuUand, alias
Coland, Sutton, Yeandly, and Brailsford, in
the said County of Derby ; To Hold during
the life of the said Robert Drapur.

M 2
Robert Drapur, of CuUand, alias Coland,
in the County of Derby, gentn ; and John
Port, of Ham, in the County of Stafford,
Esqre ; To
George AUestrye, of Derby, gentleman.

Grant of a Messuage or Tenement with the
appurtenances in Osmaston in the said County
of Derby ; To Hold during the life of the
said Robert Drapur.

M 3

21 May [A.D. 1651]

Robert Mellor and Thomas Sleigh, two
of the Aldermen of the Borough of Derby ;
And John Donaye and John Gisborne, two
of the Brethren of the said Borough,
To
The Mayor and Burgesses of the said
Borouarh.

Assignment in discharge of a Trust of the
Manor of Little Chester Quarndon and Eaton,
with the Rights Members and Appurtenances
thereof in the County of Derby ; And all
Quit Rents, Rents of Assize, Chief Rents,
Old Rents, Free Rents, Copyhold and. Cus
tomary Rents to the said Manor belonging ;
and all that Messuage or Tenement with the
appurtenances called the Manor House of Little Chester aforesaid ; And a Close of Pasture
and several parcels of arable meadow and pasture ground in Little Chester aforesaid ; And
all that Messuage, Tenement or Farm House, sometime Normons Farm in the parish or
Township of Eaton in the said County, with a Barn & Close ; And all those Several parcels
of Arable Land, Meadow and Pasture ground in the Parish, Township and Fields of Little
Eaton aforesaid ; And all that parcel of ground &c called Ealon Park containing sixty acres ;
And all that Quarry in nd upon the said Park called the Two Handed Quarry, with another

DEEDS ENROLLED.

267

Quarry sometime in the occupation of William Normon and Rowland Litchfeild ; And all
that Water Corn Mill situate in the Township of Eaton aforesaid ; And all Suit and Service,
Socken, Culture, Water Courses, Tolls Commodities and appurtenances &c to the said Mill,
belonging &c ; All which premises were lately parcel of the Possessions of the late Dean
and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lincoln ; To Have and
To Hold the said Manor with all and singular the premises aforesaid unto the said Mayor
and Burgesses and their Successors for ever.

M I
WUliam Ilalford of Roston als. Rossing
ton in the co. of Derby Yebm & Constance
Halford of Roston als. Rossington afsd
Widow Mother of the sd Wm. Halford of
the 1st part Mary Mullinoux of Ellaston in
the CO. of Stafford Spr. of the and part &
Matthew Mullinoux of Chepwardine in the
Coy. of Salop Yeom & William Huxley of
Ellaston afsd Yeom of the 3d part.

Roll VI.
II November i George I. [A.D. 1720]

Bargain & sale in fee by sd Wm Halford &
C. Halford to sd Matthew Mollinoux & Wm
Huxley of a Messe house or tent, in Roston
als. Rossington afsd & croft adjg & the closes
of ground in Roston als. Rossington called
Big Croft & the 3 Intackes with the appiirts
To the uses follg As to pt of sd pres to the
use of the sd C. Halford for life As to an
afny of ;^5 to the like use As to residue of
sd preines to the like use Remr. as to part
to use of sd Wm. Halford for life witht impeacht for waste Remr. as to other part to
the use of sd Wm, Halfoid & Mary his then in wife in case sd Marrs took effect & she
survd him for life subjt to sd aniiy Remr to the use of the heirs in tail of sd Wm. Halford
Remr lo the sd Wm Halford his wife & assns. As to or pt to Mary Halford & Magdalen
Halford as tenants in common & their heirs in tail Remr to sd Mary MoUineux & her assns
for life Remr to her heirs in tail & a grant of Jd part of the household goods of the sd
C. Halford to the sd Wm Halford.

M 2

25 March 2 George II. [A.D. 1729]

Robert Bill of Roston in the County of
Derby Yeom To
James Gilman of Agton in the sd Co Yeom

Bargain and Sale for 500 years by way of
mtge of a messe with the appts at Roston &
Arable and Meadow land in Bruchfield &
Yieldwall within Roston afsd except as therein
mentd for securing ;^340 and interest.

M 3 30 May 2 George II. [A.D. 1729]
Robert Hurt of Marchington in the
County of Stafford Yeom Ellen Burneby
of the Par of St. Giles in fields in the Co.
of Middx Widow James Burneby of same
place printer & Sarah his wife Thomas
Greensmith of same place printer & Ann
his wife Brian Harding of Snelston in the
sd County of Derby clerk & John Gallimore
of Marston Montgomery in the Co, of
Derby Baker To ¦
John Townsend of Marston Montgomery
afsd genln.

Bargain & Sale by way of Lease of a messe
01" tenement situate at Marston Mountgomery
afsd & the closes of land called The Croft
also the Spring Walls the Croft adjg to
Birchwood Field the land adjg & the upper
piece with their appurts.

268 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

dlosc anb plea IROII0.
In order to make the series of enrolments of Derbyshire deeds as
full as possible. Colonel Colvile caused the records and indexes at the
Public Record Ofiice, Fetter Lane, to be searched for all entries
relative to the shire. This resulted in the drawing up of two valuable
calendars, which form a supplement to the calendars of the deeds
enrolled at Derby.
The first of these calendars is a list of all the deeds enrolled on the
close Chancery Rolls, beginning with the first year of Edward
VI., and ending with the fifty-fourth year of George III, 1814.
The second of these calendars is a list of all the deeds enrolled with
the Common Pleas, beginning with the second and third years of
Philip and Mary, and carried down to the sixth year of William IV.
Our only concern with these chronological lists, as they do not
relate to documents preserved in the shire, is to record the fact that
they are kept with the county records, but they are not indexed.

IRent ebarge IRoIl.
Another roll contains a register of the certificates and memorials
of annuities or rent charges issuing out of freehold lands or tenements
in the county of Derby, which have been entered at the office of the
clerk of the peace, pursuant to an Act passed in the third year of
George III., entitled "An Act to prevent fraudulent and occasional
votes in the Elections of Knights of the Shire and of Members for
Cities and Towns, which are counties of themselves, as far as relates
to the right of voting by virtue of an Annuity or Rent Charge." A
calendar has been prepared of these certificates which shows, in
parallel columns, the number on the roll, the date of the instrument,
the name and description of grantor and nature of instrument, the
name and description of grantee, the situation of the hereditaments
on which the annuity is charged, and the amount of the annuity.
These certificates are twenty-eight in number, and extend from 1764
to 185 I.

ENCLOSURE AWARDS. 269

Deebs relative to Counts? property
The County Record Committee, which reported to the Sessions in
1872, drew up a schedule of deeds relating to the property of the
county, which were then in the private muniment room of the clerk of
the peace. These are twenty-six in number ; sixteen relate to gaols
and houses of correction, six to county hall buildings, three to lunatic
asylums, and one to a piece of land adjoining Calver bridge. They
are dated from 1769 to 1866. A calendar giving an abstract of all
these deeds is with the county records.

jenclosure Hwarbe.
The first real Act of enclosure ever passed was one of the eighth
of Anne, and the next was of the twelfth year of that reign. In the
whole reign of George I. only eighteen enclosure Acts were passed ;
but in that of George. II. they reached a total of two hundred and
thirty-one. With the reign of George III. measures of this nature
increased so rapidly, that by the end of last century 2,500 Acts had
been passed, by which 4,000,000 of acres were enclosed. With regard
to Derbyshire, up to 1797, sixty-three Acts had been passed by which
54,985 acres had been enclosed, and this in addition to fifteen other
Acts in which the number of acres is not specified. *
The first Derbyshire enclosure statute was enacted in the year
1726 (13 George I.), and was entitled "An Act for appointing
Commissioners to make a division of certain Common fields and
Wastes in the townships of Scarcliffe and Palterton, in Derbyshire,
amongst the Proprietors, in order to enclose the same." The Act
provided that the award should be enrolled with the clerk of the
peace for the county of Derby, " to the end recourse may be had to
the same by any person or persons interested therein.'' A similar
provision was made in other private enclosure Acts. The Enclosure
Act Consolidation Act of 1801 (41 George III., c. 109), provided for
enrolment of all such awards with the clerk of the peace, to be

• See the interesting and valuable General Report on Enclosures, drawn up and published
by the Board of Agriculture in 1808.

270 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
inspected at the charge of one shilling. The Act of 6 & 7 William
IV., c. 115, further provided for the awards being deposited in the
parish churches where the lands were situated, and this was still more
specifically laid down by the Act of 8 and 9 Victoria, c. 118, the fee
for inspection being fixed at two shillings.
The Derbyshire Record Committee, who reported in 1872, thus
describe the work they undertook with regard to the enclosure
awards : — •
" Your Committee have given special attention to these valuable
Records. Their first care was to form a list of all Acts of a private
nature relating to Derbyshire. The printed Acts which have been
found in the Statute Book or in the Library of the British Museum
have been noted ; the unprinted Acts have been copied from the
Parliamentary Rolls in the House of Lords.* A Calendar has been
prepared, and the information obtained arranged under the following
heads :— Name of Place; Title of Act; Regnal Year; Year of the
Lord ; Printed or Not ; Award on authorised Copy ; Where directed
to be Deposited ; Where Deposited ; Date of Enrolment when
Deposited with the Clerk of the Peace. With very few exceptions
the Acts require that one copy of the award should be enrolled and
deposited with the Clerk of the Peace, and one with the Courts of
Record at Westminster, or the Clerk of the Counsel of the Duchy of
Lancaster. It is a matter of congratulation that, with three excep
tions, all the awards directed to be deposited with the Clerk of Peace
will be found in the Record Room, though their value in several
cases is lessened by their not being accompanied with a plan. In
nearly every case a copy of the award is directed to be placed in the
chest of the parish in which the lands to be enclosed are situated.
With the view of ascertaining in whose custody these parish copies
could be found, a circular was sent to the authorities in each parish
or township in which enclosure, partition, or boundary awards have
been made. The replies disclose a very unsatisfactory state of affairs,
the great majority of the awards having got into the hands of
solicitors, surveyors, and other private individuals. There are cases
reported of awards and plans purposely destroyed — sold by auction
* From I Richard III. (1483) to 37 George HI. ([797) the division of the Acts was two
fold. Public and Private. From the latter date a threefold division has been made, namely —
Public, general ; Public, local and personal ; and Private Acts. This was founded upon
the resolution of both Houses of Parliament concerning the promulgation of the Statutes ;
the first of these resolutions requiies that H.M. Printers shall print 3,550 copies of every
Public General Statute, 700 copies of every Local Statute, and 700 copies of every Private
Statute.

GAMEKEEPERS DEPUTATIONS. 27 1
at a sale of a solicitor's goods, and even left in pawn by a -drunken
overseer at a public-house.* Your Committee can do no more than
call the attention of those locally interested in the provisions of the
3 and 4 Will. IV., cap. 87, sec. 5, which enacts, ' when any award is
not deposited in the Parish Church in which the lands to which such
award shall relate are situated, and shall not be in possession of any
lord or steward of any manor, of which manor an allotment shall have
been made under such award, but shall be in the possession of any
other person, it shall be lawful for anyone interested in any allotment
to require the same to be deposited in the Parish Church, and the
person in whose possession the same shall be shall deliver up the
same to the minister and churchwarden.' "
The calendar of these awards is of sufficient interest and value to
be given in full in the Appendix; it extends from 1731 to 1865, and
includes 146 Acts, and is complete save for the award of the year
1726 that has already been quoted, and which had not been found
when the calendar was drawn up.

(BameKeepers' Deputations.
Gamekeepers were first created by 22 and 23 Charles II. , c. 25.
By this statute lords of the manor, of the degree of an esquire, were
empowered to appoint under their hands and seals gamekeepers, who
were to have the power within that manor to seize dogs, guns, nets,
and engines for destroying game kept by unqualified persons. No
limit was fixed by this statute as to the number of those to whom
such power might be given. The 4 and 5 William and Mary, c. 23,
gave protection to gamekeepers in arresting offenders at night time.
The 5 Anne, c. 14, permits any lord of a manor to authorise game
keepers to kill game within the manor. The 9 Anne, c. 25, enacts
* From the letters of the Derbyshire Clerg:y in reply to this circular, we append the
following selections : —
" It is said that two persons (both now dead) who had access to the award, destroyed it
years ago." — " The award and plan have been obtained and detained, wiihout my permission,
by Mr. S. . . . F. . . . " — " The award and plan are unlawfully detained in tlie muniment
room of .... " — "The award and plan are deposited wilh the collector of rates (several
of these)." — '' The award was taken away some years ago by the steward of . . . estate, and
never returned." — "-In the custody of the clerk of the local board." — "In the hands of a
most respected parishioner, a surveyor." — "In the custody of the squire." — "After many
years search the award and plan are found to be in the office of Mr. R  C 
mineral surveyor." — " In the custody of the schoolniaster,"— " Borrowed four years ago and
never returned."

272 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
that no lord nor lady of a manor shall appoint more than one
gamekeeper, within one manor, with the power of killing game, and
his name shall be entered with the clerk of the peace.
The last of these statutes caused no little share of the time of
sessions to be taken up with the registering of these manorial
deputations of gamekeepers, and added materially to the county
records. At the Trans. Sessions 171 1, the following entries are made
in the Orders, the four first being retrospective : —
Andrew Whitticar of Sudbury in this County appointed Gamekeeper for ye Lordship of
Sudbury and Rodsley in this County by Henry Vernon of Sudbury Esq.
Francis Scroope of Mugginton in this County Husbandn appointed Gamekeeper for ye
Mannor of Mugginton in this County by Samuel Hallowes of Nottingham Esq.
Dated 8lh March 1704
Timothy Halton of Soulhwingfeild in this County Genn appointed Gamekeeper for the
Manners or Lordships of Soulhwingfeild, Critch, Shirland and Stretton in this County by
Gartrude Marchionesse Dowager of Hallifax 14th July 1707
Richard Sheppard of Swarkeston in this County gen, appointed Gamekeeper for ye Mannor
or Lordship of Melborne in this County by John Gery Dr of Lawes Testamentary Guardian
to the Right Honorable TheophUus Earle of Huntingdon Dated lolh June 1707
Edward Houghton of Derby Butcher appointed Gamekeeper for ye Mannor or Lordship
of Breadsal in this County by the Countesse of Ballamont 4th July 171 1
Thomas Koul of Tissington in this County Cler' appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor
or Lordship of Tissington by Wm. Fitzherbert of Derby Esq. Ist Sept 1711
John Demiers of Sheffeild in the County of York gen appointed Gamekeeper for the
Mannor or Lordship of Cole Aston and Norton in this County by Stephen Offley Esq.
5th Sept 1711
John Bembrigg senr of Brailsford in this County Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for
the Mannor or Lordship of Brailsford by Robert Earle Ferrers 25th Sept 1711 ^
'^ohn Bembrigg junr appointed Gamekeeper for the Manners or Lordships of Shirley and .
_Edneston by ye said Robert Earle Ferrers 25th Sept 171 1
Woolslon Riggs of Marston Mountgomery in this County yeon appointed Gamekeeper for
ye Several Manners of Cubley Hilton and Sawley in this Counly by Philip Earle of
Chesterfeild Woolston Riggs sup' diet' appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor of Marston Montgomry
by the said Earle of Chesterfeild & Henry Vernon of Sudbury Esq 13th Sept 171 1
Mr. Sampson Rodgers appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor or Lordship of Blackwell
in this Counly by Margaret Dutches of New Castle 4lh Sept 17 11
Henry Alsope of- Hucknall in p'ish de Suiton in Ashfeild in the County of Notiingham
appointed Gamekeeper for Mannor of Blackwell aforesaid by Sr Fran Molyneax
24lh Sept 171 1 Entred 1st Octob
Thomas Henwerlh appointed Gamekeeper for the Ma'nnor of WiUesley by Sr Edward
Abney knit Dated Ist Octob 1711 Entred Then
Joseph Smales of Hulland Hall in this County Husbandn appointed Gamekeeper for ye
Mannor of Hough in this County ; in the p'ish of Ashborne by Isaac Burrows of Derby Esq
At the following Mich. Sessions, these entries appear : —
Robert Jissope of Waterthorpe in this County Husbandn appointed Gamekeeper for the
mannor or Lordship of Beighton by Edward Nevel of New Hall in p'och de Chesterfeild
Esq Dated 2nd October 171 1

GAMEKEEPERS' DEPUTATIONS. 273
George White of Calow in this County Husbandn appointed Gamekeeper for ye Mannor
or Lordship of Calow by the said Edward Nevill Esq 2nd Octob 171 1
Samuel Jules of Tidswall in this County gentn appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor or
Lordship of Litton by John Statham Esq 2nd October 171 1
George Crowshaw of Barlow in this County Husbandn appointed Gamekeeper for the
Manners or Lordships of Barlow, Brompton, Newbold, Chesterfeild, Dore, Totley and
Hathersidge by Margaret Dutches of Newcastle 20lh August 1711
Thomas Wolstenholme of Horsley Gate in this County Husband' appointed Game
for the Mannor or Lordship of Holmefeild and the Libertyes in ye p'ts Adjacent to the
said Mannor by his Grace the Duke of Rutland. 20th August 1711
George Machin of Balbrough in this County Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for ye
Mannor or Lordship of Bolsovr and Woodthorpe by Margarett Dutches of Newcastle
20th August 17 II
John Barker of Barlbrough in this County gen' appointed Gamekeeper for Elmton and
Cresswell Manners or Lordships by Sr John Rhodes Knit. 20th August 1711
Robert Blood of Trusley in this County Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for ye Mannor
or Lordship of Trusly in this County by Wm Coke of ye same Esq 5lh October 1711
George Rhodes of Steetley in thii County appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor of
Steetley, by the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk 5th October 171 1
William Toplisse of Kirk Langley in this County Blacksmith, appointed Gamekeeper for
the Mannor of Kirk and Meynell Langley by Mrs. Mary Meynell of Langley, widdow. 19th Octobr
William Jackson of Shottle in this County yeo. appointed Gamekeeper for the Manners
or Lordships of Shottle and Posterne and else where in the County of Derby, where his
Grace ye Duke of Devonshire halh any Mannor within ye County of Derby
26th Octobr 171 1 Dated ye 29th Sept 1708
Thomas Asberry of Walton upon Trent in the County of Derby ffowler appointed Game
keeper for the said Mannor of Walton by the Right honorable Robert Earle Ferrers
27th Octobr Dated 13th August 1711
John Spencer of Smalley in the County of Derby fframewerknitter appointed Gamekeeper
for the Libertye or Mannor of Smalley and Kidsley in this County by Robert Sacheverell
of Barton Esqe . loth November 1711 Dated then
Thomas Kirk of Nether Locoe in this County Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for the
Mannor or Lordship of Morley by ye said Robert Sacheverell Esqe loth Nov
Thomas Kirk of the same appointed Gamekeeper for ye Manners or Lordships of Lockoe,
Spoondon and Chaddesden by Henry Gilbert ye Younger of Lockoe Esq Dated 9th Sepbr 171 1
John Hawley of Park Hall in the p'ish of Kirk Hallome in the County Carpenter
appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor of Park Hall by the above Sir Henry Gilbert Esq
Dated ye 9th Sepbr 1711
William Twigg of Birchover in this County Ale Draper appointed Gamekeeper for ye
Lordship or Mannor of Birchover by George Savile of Lockoe in this County Esq
Christopher Colthougli of Shipley in this Counly Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for
the Mannor of Codner in this County by Sr Streynsham Master Knt
Entred ye 2ist Decber 1711
John Hodges of Shipley in this County Husband' appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor
of Shipley in this County by Col' Humphry Miller
Dated 12th Nov : 1711 Entred 21st Dec. 1711
John Mathew of Swanick in this County Husband' appoints Charles Hunter of Ripley in
ye said county Gamekeeper for one Moiety of ye Mannor of Ripley Entred 12th Jany
William Challinor of Longford in this County yeoman appointed Gamekeeper for the
Mannor or Royally of Longford in County by Sr Edward Coke Barrt
Dated ye 14th Janry Entred do.
19

274 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Thomas Gresley Barrt an Infant und' ye Age of 21 years Dame Barbara Gresley Mother
and Guardian to the said Sr Tho : do. appoints John Price of Drakelow in this County
Gamekeeper for ye said mannor or Lordship of Drakelow Dated nth Sepb 1711 Entred 14th Janry
The Same p'sons above mentioned do appoint Thomas Benskin of LuUington in the said
County of Derby Gamekeeper for. the said Mannor or Lordship of LuUington
Dated nth Sepb 1711 Entred 14th Janry
The Same p'sons above sd doe appoint Richd Ward ye younger of Castle Greasly in this
County appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor or Lordship of Castle Gresley
Day of Janry 171 1 Entred ye 14th
At the next Epiph. Sessions, the entries thus continue : — ¦
William Ethurington of Bradley in this County is Appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor
of Bradley by Madm Elizabeth Meynell widdow and Guardian for her Sonn Littleton
MeyneU Esqe 25lh Janry 1711
James Ashton of Osmaston Brick layer is appointed by the Said Madm Meynell as
Guardian to her Sonn Gamekeeper for the Mannor of Osmaston 25lh Janry 1711
Joseph Cantrell of Kniveton is appointed by the said Madm MeyneU to bee Gamekeeper
for the Mannors of Kniveton Offcott and Underwood 25th Janry 171 1
Mr. John Lillyman appointed Gamekeeper within the precincts and Libberties of ye
Mannor or Lordship of Parkhall containing Parkhall, Pilsley and Morton in this Counly
and also for ye mannor of Norwingfeild in this County by ye right honoble Nicholas
Earl of Scarsdale Custos Rotlor of this County
Richard Gray of Repton appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannors or Lordships of Repton
and Southwood by Gilbert Thacker Esqe 19th ffebruary 1711
William Johnson de Little Ireton in this County Yeoman appointed Gamekeeper for ye
Mannor of Little Ireton by Margaret Howe Widdow 17th Mar 1711
Samuel Marell Jun appointed Gamekeeper of ye Mannors of Heage and Morley Parke by
Godfrey Wentworlh gent' 21 March 1711
Daniel Gratorex of Westhallam in ye Counly of Derby clerk appointed Gamekeeper of ye
Lordship of Westhallam by ye Henry Hunloke Bart 26 March 1712
David England appointed Gamekeeper for ye Mannor of Kirkhallam by George
Newdegate of Hillingdon in ye County of Middx Esq 26 March 1712
John Blackwall appointed Gamekeeper for the Mannor of Callow in this County by
George Sacheverell of Newhall in the parish of Sutton Colefield in the County of Warwick
Esqe 26ih AprU 1712
In addition to these and other entries in the Orders of Session,
there are a great number of the duly signed and sealed deputations
of the manorial lords appointing gamekeepers. The following may
serve as an example : —
Know All Men by these p'sents That we the Right Honble Daniel Earl of Nottingham
John Conyers of the Middle Temple London Esqr and Francis Owin of the City of Westmr
Esq (The Surviving Exectrs of William Late Lord Marquesse of HaUifax) Lords of the
Mannors of Eyam & Middleton in the County of Derby in pursuance and by virtue of
sev'all Acts of Parliament made for the Better preservation of the Game Have made
nominated and appointed & doe hereby make nominate & appoint John Weight of Eyam
aforesd Gent our Lawfull Game Keeper of & for our sd Mannors of Eyam and Middleton to
look after & take care to preserve the Game there And do allow authorise & Impower Him
in our Names to Hunt Hawke Fish Fowle and Kill Game within our sd Mannors &

COURT LEETS OF ELVASTON, THURLSTON, AND AMBASTON. 275
Demesnes thereof And places thereto belonging from time to time during our Free Wills &
Pleasures And to seize persons guns dogs Netts etc And do all other things Belonging to the
office of a Game Keeper according to the sev'all Acts of Parliament in that case made &
provided In Wittnesse whereof we have hereunto sett our Hands and Seales the Twenty
Eight Day of June in the Eigth year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lord George over
Great Brittain etc. King Annoque Dno 1722.
Witnesse Nottingham
Rob ; Fawcett Jo : Conyers.
A painstaking calendar was prepared by Colonel Colvile of the
various Gamekeepers' Deputations, pursuant to 9 Anne, c. 25, and
I and 2 William IV., c. 32, as found in the Orders of Session and
Entry Book of the Clerk of the Peace, as well as on separate papers.
This calendar, which gives the names of the manor and the lord,
together with the date, extends from 1711 to 1869. The names of
the manors enumerated in this calendar amount to four hundred
and forty-nine.

^be Court Xeets of leivaston, ^burlston, anb
ambaston.
We have to thank Mr. John Adderley's omnivorous desire of office
for another highly-interesting small collection of documents that
range between 1687 and 1697. They have no connection whatever
with county records proper, but have evidently found their way to
the record room owing to Mr. Adderley having been clerk of the
peace, in the same way as was the case with the clerk of the
market papers, upon which we have already commented.
These documents, sixty in number, are the orders, presentments,
and pains {i.e,, penalties) of the jurors of the Derbyshire manors of
Elvaston, Thurlston, and Ambaston. These were originally three
separate manors of the parish of Elvaston, all requiring their own
courts ; but two centuries ago the courts of Elvaston and Thurlston
had become amalgamated, though the jurisdiction . of Ambaston
remained quite separate. These courts, over which John Adderley
presided, were the ancient manorial gatherings of the freeholders,
that is, the court leet. In these documents it is variously termed
the " court leet," " great leet," " court baron," and " court leet of
view of frank-pledge " (together with, occasionally, their Latinised
equivalents), usually with the addition of the name of the lord.

276 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
who was John Stanhope for the greater part of the decade, and
Sir Nathaniel Curzon, Bart, at its close. John Adderley's position
as president of these two manorial courts was in virtue of his
appointment as steward, sometimes expressed by the Latinised form
of seneschal. Two or three of the later of these courts were
presided over by John Wright, deputy -steward.
Two courts were held every year — namely, in April and October.
It does not seem that the exact date was regulated by any fixed or
movable calendar day, but rather probably by the condition of the
seasons. It is interesting to note what a keen hold the saintly
nomenclature of days and seasons still had on the English peasantry
of Derbyshire ; the Puritanism of the Commonwealth had altogether
failed in its efforts at eradication. We find mention of the following
days and periods named to regulate the time of certain agricultural
or pastoral proceedings : — "Our Lady's Daye," St. Andrew, St. James
the Great, St. Thomas, SS. Simon and Jude, All Hallows, and also
Candlemas and Martinmas, the latter generally spelt " Martlemas."
Nor was this due to the churchmanship of the steward, for each court,
judging from the diversity and uncouthness of the handwriting, seems
to have appointed its own scribe or recorder, John Adderley merely
signing, and that only occasionally, the various presentments as
steward. The number of the jury of these courts, in each case where these
names are recorded, was thirteen ; they were sworn from the freemen
of the manor. Several official duties pertained to them. They had
once a year to present for the acceptance, of the court two names as
field-reeves, who regulated the common interests of the manor ;
occasionally these officers were appointed for a longer period ; thus,
at Ambaston, on April 28th, 1690, Edward Coxon and WiUiam
Matthew were presented as field-reeves for the two years next
ensuing. The jury also nominated two to act as "pinners" or
•' pinders " of straying cattle for the year. The Elvaston court, in
addition, nominated the parish constable.
The jury made " pains," or bye-laws, to regulate the common
husbandry almost every court day, which varied slightly in the nature
of the offence and in the penalty imposed from time to time, and
occasionally dealt with new and transient offences. These pains,
except in the case of thoroughly-established ones, such as pinfold
charges, only remained in force from the time they were promulgated
to the next court day. The "presentments" that the juries made

COURT LEETS OF ELVASTON, THURLSTON, AND AMBASTON. 277
were the actually imposing of fines upon those who had infringed
the rules, and therefore rendered themselves liable to the pain or
penalty. The following examples of pains and presentments in the two
court leets of Elvaston with Thurlston, and Ambaston, made between
1687 and 1697, give a good idea of their jurisdiction : — Fences left
open, IS. to los. ; breaking hedges, 3d. to is. ; ploughing away the
footpath, IS. ; tenting beasts in the fallow where he had no pasture
rights, IS. ; tenting or tethering horses on commons when he had no
pasture rights, is.; encroaching on highway, 6d. ; not scouring out
ditches and water-courses, 6d. to lo.s. ; cattle straying at night, lOs. ;
not attending the court, is. ; turning horses out to pasture a day too
soon, 2s. ; and not gathering stones in the field, is.
These presentments and bye-laws also establish the following
interesting regulations and customs of these manors : — Notice was
given by the field-reeves when any common work had to be done,
when every freeholder had to be present or to provide a substitute,
usually under a pain of is. for every day's neglect. All beasts put
into the fields or commons were to pay towards the herdsman's
wages, in default, 3s. 4d. for each beast. No cattle were to be put
out till the herdsman called for them, under pains varying from Is. to
Ss. ; on another occasion it was ordered that no cattle were to be put
out before the herdsman's . call, " except the sun bee risen " ; from
another paper we find that the picturesque custom prevailed of the
herdsman's call being given on a horn. The repair of the pinfold
was done annually in the spring ; on one occasion the pinners were
threatened with a pain of 3s. 4d. if it was not sufficiently repaired
within ten days after May day. At the April court, it was usual to
order all to fence their part of the meadow rails within a brief
specified time, under a 3s. 4d. pain ; the field-reeves had, at the same
time, to see to the proper hanging of the gates. On one occasion,
a fine of is. was charged on '' Mrs. Smithson's maid-servant for
resqueinge beests from ye pinner," and 6d. on " Samuel her son for
same." The jury also decided the dates and places when sheep,
cattle, horses, mares, foals, and swine might be put out, tented, or
tethered, as the case might be, each decision being enforced by
a pain. The thoroughly popular or democratic nature of these courts is
shown in the fact that the lord of the manor was just as amenable
to the pains, and that the jury were just as ready to present and

278 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
enforce presentments as in the case of the humblest freeholder or
tenant. At the Elvaston court, held on April 20th, 1688, John
Stanhope was fined is. for not causing his part of the fence to
be made. The Ambaston jury, in 1691, "present John Stanhope
for not scouring his water course thro Willin Close according to
pain, los." He was fined again in 1692 for the same offence.
On April 13th, 1694, Madame Stanhope was fined 15s. for not
scouring a water-course in the new close according to pain.
We now give three examples of this class of document : —
Amberston paines 8 October 87
Item we make a paine that every one scour up their little moore ditches and Colington
Close ditches betwixt now & martlemas pained every one that neglects ten graots.
Item we make a paine that Johnathan Whithed & william Town scoure up the ditches
belonging to their Closen betwixt now and a week after martlemas pained if they do not
ten graots.
Item we make a paine that every one ring their swine at A quarter ould pained for every
one that doe not one shiling.
Item we make a paine that the Cannoe ditch be prepared betwixt now & martlemas
pained if it be not done ten graots.
Item we make a paine that every one send a sufficient labaorer to Common worke when
we have given notice then pained for every one that neglects for every day 8 graots.
J. Adderley .... ibm.

Aprill ye 2ith 1688 Amberston Presentments. £ s. d.
Impr We present William Trowell for his littell moore ditch not scouring . .
Edward Poule ffor not scouring a trench at litell moore 
Item We present Jonathan Whitehead ffor not scouring his ditch now close
Item We present Edward Coxon for not coming to common works one day
Item Wee present Widdow Bovinly for not coming to common worke
Item Wee present Ann Bates for not coming to common worke 
Item Wee present Will Leare for not coming to common worke . .
Item We present Sarah Coxon not coming to comon worke 
Item Wee present Will : Matthew for not coming to comon worke . .

002
o 0.2
006
008008008
008 008 008

Amberston Pains.
Item We make a paine that every man Fence his part of the Meadow railes by a
weeke after May Day on paine for neglect  010
Item Wee make a paine that every man Fence his land ends at flatshmouth by a
weeke after May day on pain . . .'  010
Ilem We make a paine that Will Leare scoure his nine ridges ditch & gileans ditch
by Michalmas next on paine  034
Item Wee make a pain that Will Rowell scoure his nine ridges ditch & pinfold
ditch by Michaelmas next on pain  026
Item That one Beast shall goe for one pasture and noe more on payne to forfeit o 10 o
Item Wee make A paine that Will Leare scower his ditch at ye Cobheades on
pain  026
Item Wee make a. paine that noe one put any Cattell downe of the Greene
unpastured on paine for every defaulte  010

COURT LEETS OF ELVASTON, THURLSTON, AND AMBASTON. 279
£ s. d.
Item Wee make a paine that noe persons keepe any swine unrunge past a quarter
old on paine .. .  008
Item Wee make a paine that every person goe to common worke at notice given
on paine for every days neglect  010
Item Wee make a paine that the Cannoe ditch be sufficiently repaired by
Midsummer next on paine  010
Item Wee make a paine that no person that taketh any pastures on the Greene
shall hath the pasture or pastures after Michalmas past a fortnight on paine 050
Item Wee make a paine that noe sheepe come into the stuble till eight days after
corne be got ..  026
Item Wee make a paine that noe sheep shall come of the Meddow till Michaelmas
nor .on the Greene till Martinmas  026
(tem Wee make a pain that no person turne his cattell down before neaturd
(neat-herd) call on paine  010
John Coxon George Sowter
Edward Coxon Johnathan Rudgate

Aprill ye 13th '95.
Agreement & Pains made & ordered by the Jury att the Court (Elvaston) held this day
& yeare above aforesaid.
Wee make a pane yt ye Comon Dike betwixt ye Hardhurst & the Deep
Croft be sufficiently amended & made goode by May day next, every one
neglecting to forfeit  034
We make a pane yt ye Woat Field be sufficiently fenced & the Gates Hung by
May day next & the gates & fences in & about all the Corne fields be well fenced
& hung by May day next, every one neglecting to forfeitt  034
Alsoe wee make a pane that ye Fences be well & sufficiently fenced betwixt
Amberston nook & Nine Ridges by the 24th day of this present Aprill everyone
soe neglecting to forfeitt  050
Wee also agree make & ordane yt every one that turnes beastes or tents beastes
uppon ye Comons shall be assessed & pay towards the Herdsmans Wages, Every
one denyeinge or neglectinge to forfeitt  034
We make alsoe a paine yt every one yt tents or leathers Mares & Foles in any of
the Corne Fields shall forfeit .. ..  034
And every one that tents or teatjiers any cows within any of the Corne fields
shall forfeit or pay  050
Wee all agree & order yt the Breach Field be broak within a weeke after ye
Corne be gotten off, wilh sheep
Wee order & agree that ye two weather fields be not broake with ships till
Michelmas next, every one therein offendinge to forfeit  o 10 o
And wee also make a pane yt every one yt suffer beasts or horses to goe loose a
night in ye Pooley Field shall pay forfeit  o 10 o
And also wee make a pane that ye Dike by ye Lay Close and all other Comon
Water courses be sufficiently scoured and diked by Midsomer next every one neg
lectinge their or any of their presentments to pay forfeit  050
C. Ward Edward Robin Edw. Bridgford
William Piggin John Johnson John Coxon
John Spencer WUliam Holland Will. Leare
Ambrose TowUe John Smedley George Sowter
Will. Breirly

280 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In addition to these various Pains and Presentments there are
three " Suite Rolls," of the manor of Elvaston, of the years 1687, 1690,
and 1694. These rolls remind us of the original intention of the
court leet or view of frank pledge, which was to view the frank
pledges, that is the freemen of the manor or liberty, who were all, by
ancient use, reckoned as mutual pledges for the good behaviour of
each other. All freeholders within the liberty were bound to attend
these courts, save persons under twelve and over sixty, peers, priests,
women, and the king's tenants in ancient demesne. The Suit Roll
for April, 1687, contains the names of seventy-seven freeholders,
beginning with the names of Sir John Harpur, Bart., Robert
Rollston, of Beaston, and Isaac Osborne and Joseph Fellowes of
Alvaston, who seem not to have been called on to reply to their
names ; of the remainder, forty-six were present, as signified by
the "a" (Adsum) against their names. The roll is ingeniously
entered on the centre of the paper, so that the same list of
names, by the use of parallel columns served also for the other
court of 1687, and for each of those of the two following years,
six courts in all. In like manner the Suit Rolls for 1690 and
1694 each served for three years ; the number of freemen enrolled
for each of those dates was seventy-six.
Although the steward presided over the court to keep order, to
regulate the proceedings, and to submit questions to the jury, the
general members of the court, that is the freeholders, were their own
masters and controlled the decisions of the juries. After the sworn
jury had made their presentments and pains, the sanction or
approval of the whole court was requisite to make the orders valid.
This is the meaning of such expressions as — " afferred* by the whole
homage," "affaired by the whole homage," "affaired per totum
homagium," and ""allowed by the whole homage."
A duty of the steward of the court was to assign the pain
money received to the custody of one of the freemen ; mention
is made on several of these papers in the handwriting of Mr.
Adderley, of the names of the persons thus nominated to act as
temporary treasurers.

An old law term derived from the French affier, that is affimare, confirmare.

SECTION X.— MISCELLANEA AND
ADDENDA.

•+»+•

Coroner. Pinxton and South Normanton Assessments.
Swarkeston School House. The Shire Hall. Royal
Aids. The first Post Stage for Derby. Cattle Plague
OF 1745-1755. Damage by Fire. Horse Slaughterers.
Theatrical Representations. Friendly Societies. Free
masons. Gunpowder Mills and Magazines. Polling
Districts. The Lord-Lieutenant and the Commission.

SECTION X.— MISCELLANEA AND
ADDENDA.

Coroner.
The following letter has been copied from the Belvoir MSS. since
the sub-section treating of the coroners, in the first volume, was
printed : —
To my very Lovinge Unkell Mr. John Manners Esqr heygh Shereff of the County
of Derby.
Unkell Manvers havynge formerly wrytten unto you for your good furtherance to the
election of suche a one to be Coroner in place of Abell, as the bearer of ye letter sholde
name unto you, which letter I wrytt in great haste, supposinge yt the county day was sooner
than now I percave it is, so as it is lyke my sd letter is not yet come to your handes I
have thought good once agayne to renew my said former request in ye behalfe, and to
intreate you that for so muche as it is lyke your undershereffe will be heare at London on
the nexte countye daye & yt the countie clarke will perhaps be Lothe to meddell wilh the
writt without some especiall direction from you, that you will therefore send some one
of your servantes to be there with authoritie from you for the breakynge up of the said
writt, & proceedinge by due course to the election of the partye that I shall nominate, if
so the country shall lyke of him, beinge such a one as I hope you & the rest of my freinds
will not fynde any juste cause to mislyke. I here there be some who have resolved to
make a great opposition agayneste me in this matter, wch makes me the more carefull
therein, & to intreate ye furtherance of some of my best frends to prevente theyre good
meaninges towardes me And so with my very harty commendacons I will take my
Leave from my house in brodstrete this 7 of May 1598. In haste
Yor Nephew & very lovinge frend
Gibt. Shrewsbury.

284

three CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Ipinyton anb Soutb IRormanton aseesaments.
At page Ii6 of this volume, reference was made to certain missing
Commonwealth assessments of Pinxton and South Normanton.
Although those have not been found, three later assessments of
Pinxton of the Commonwealth date have since been discovered with
some modern Poor Law papers, as well as some interesting military
baggage accounts for the two parishes of last century. These are
now reproduced : — June 5th day 1654.
Asesment made the day and yeare above written for the Releife of the Prisoners in the

upper Bench marshalsey and

the Gaole

d. 2

Mr. Hatton 

b.
... 0

u. 4

WUliam Walton 

s,
... 0

Mr. Francis Byfeild

... 0

9

Anthony Straw

... 0

2

Mr. WiUiam Byfeild

Widow Bennit 
... 0
I
Thomas Hodgkinson
... 0
3
Timothy Farnworth
... 0
2
Mr. Ralph Royston
... 0
4
Anthony Farnworth
... 0
I
Francis Cook 
... 0
3
Tymothy Farnworth
... 0
i^
Edward Spalton ...
... 0
2
Anthony Flint 
... 0
2
William Downing 
... 0
2
William Rowson '
Francis Cocker /
William Bennit 
... 0
3
0
2
Richard Morton 
... 0
Ii
Bartholomew Lee 
... 0
4
Mr. John Crowshaft
. . 0
2
William Walton
Edward Cooke 
... 0
Ii
Edward Spalton
... 0
2
Samuel Wright 
... 0
3
Richard Norton
Widow Whitworth
... 0
2
Quintilian Armstrong ¦>
John Crowshaw /
... 0
2
William Sanders 
... 0
2
Widow Wood 
... 0
4i
Sum total
.-¦ 5
8
Henery Spurr
... 0
I
Sessors
Tymothy Farnworthe
jchurcl
1 warde
ns
Edward Cooke
William Downing ^
Henery Harvey Jo
overseers
' the poor
Pinckston July the 5 daye 1654
Asesment maid the day and yeare above writen for the mentenance of the Armyes and
navies of this Commonwealth for sixe monthes' paye from the 24th day of June last unto
the 25th day of December nexte the first three monthes to be paid the 10 day of this
Instant July the latter three monthes uppon the second day of October nexte following
£s.
d.
£
s. d.
Parson Hatton
... 0 16
0
Willi. Bennit ...
 0
6 9
Mr. Fra. Byfeild \
Mr. William Byfeild /
I 0
3
Willi. Downing
. 0
4 6
Richard Newton
 0
3 4i
Tho. Hodgkinson
.„ 0 6
9
John Crowshaw
... 0
4 6
Francis Cook 
... 0 6
9
Edward Cook ..;
 0
3 4i
Edward Spalton
... 0 4
6
Mr. Ralph Royston
 0
9 0
PINXTON AND SOUTH NORMANTON ASSESSMENTS.

285

Samuell Wright
Wid. Whitworth
Willi. Sanders ...
Wid. Wood ...
Henry Spurr ...
WiUi. WaUton...
Antho. Straw ...
Wid. Bennit ...
Timo. Farnworth
Antho. Farnworth
Timo. Farnworth

Parson Hatton 
Mr. Fra. Byfeild \
Mr. WiUiam Byfeild/
Tho. Hodgkinson
Francis Cook ...
Edwa. SpaUton 
WiUi. Downing
WiUi. Bennit 
Ritchard Newton
John Crowshaw
Edward Cook 
Mr. Ralph Royston , .
SamueU Wright
Wid. Whitworth
Willi. Sanders 
Wid. Wood 
Henry Spurr 

£

s.

d.

0

6

9

Antho. Flint ...

0

4

6

Francis Corker \
Willi. Rawson i

0

4

6

o

10

Ii

Bartho. Lee ...

0

2

3

Willi. WaUton \

0

4

6

Edward SpaUton .

0

4

6

Richard Newton

0

2

3

Quintill. Armstronge\
John Crowshaw 1

o

4

6

0

2

3

Sum Total .

o

3

4J

£

s.

d.

0
12
0
Willi. Wallton...
IS
oi
Antho. Straw ...
Wid. Bennit ...
0
s
Ii
Timo. Farnworth
0
s
Ii
Antho. Farnworth
0
3
S
Timothy Farnworth .
0
3
¦S
Antho. Flint ...
0
S
Ii
Francis Corker
WUli. Rawson /
0
2
6i
0
3
s
Bartho. Lee
0
2
6J
William Wallton \
0
6
ID
Edward SpaUton
0
.S
Ii
Richard Newton
0
3
5
QuintiU. Armstrong"!
John Crowshaw /
0
3
S
0
7
Si
Sum Total
0
I
81
£
a.
d.
o
4
6
0
4
6
o
9
0
o
4
6
o
2
3
8
0
0
£
s.
d.
o
3
S
0
3
5
o
I
8i
0
3
S
0
I
8i
0
2
6i
0
3
S
o
3
S
o 6 lo
o 3 S
o I 8i
6 1 4i
May the 14 1656
An asesment made the day and yeare above written for the repairing of bridges. Provost
MarshaU and the Roberie. s.
MrByfidd  3
Widdow Cooke  o
Edward Spolton  o
WUliam Downing  o
William Bennett  o
Richard Newton  o
d.
10 6
Mr Crawshaw 
Edward Cooke 
Mr Roiston 
Barkle Lee . . 
Samwell Wright  ¦
Widdow Whitworth 
William Saunders  o
Widdow Wood  . ¦  i
Mr Spurr  o
WiUiam Wolton  °
Anthony Flint  °
Edward Straw  o
286 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS. s. d.
Widdow Benit  03
Tymothie Farnworthe minor  06
Tymothie Farnworthe senior  07
Francis Coker William Rawson  06
William Wolton Edward Spolton William Downing  06
Quintinge Armestrong  03
Mr Crawshaw 
Coate Close  30
Decembr ye 8th 17 15
An Amount of ye Carriages horses and Workmen of South Normanton and Pinxton That
went wth ye Souldiers betwixt Alfreton and SheffeUd U. s. d.
ffirst 40 horses att ss. 6d. p' day two dayes and one Night
Amounts to  03 00 00
ffive Carts two dayes att 2s. p' day   01 00 00
ffifteen men 2 dayes and One Night att is. 6d. p' day . . .. 02 05 00
The 5th of May 1716
Eighteen horses one day att is. 6d. p' day  oi 07 00
and 6 Men one day att is. 6d. p' day  00 09 00
3 Carts att 2s. p' Cart  00 06 00
In 1719
One Wagon two dayes att 2s. p' day 8 horses 2 dayes att is, 6d.
p' day and two men . . „  01 14 00
In 1720: 12 horses att IJ. 6(1^. p' day  00 18 00
And two Carts att 2s. p' day  00 04 00
four Men att is. 6d. p' Man  00 06 00
II 09 00

Derb. Ss. To Mr. John Wright ye County Treasurer
In compliance with an Order of the Last Generall Quartr Sessions of the peace held at
Derby : & whereas upon a Motion referred unto us two of his Majesties justices of the
peace acting within the Hundred of Scarsdale in the said County
These are therefore to require you to pay the sum of Eight pounds & Ten shillings unto
such person or persons as the Town & Inhabitants of South Normanton & Pinxton shall
Impower to receive the same for Defraying ye Expence of Conveying the Military Baggage,
&c. to & fro in the late Expedition into Scotland being in full upon all demands-
Given under our hands and seals the Eighth Day of February in the Eighth year of the
reign of our Sovereign Lord George by the grace of God of Great Britain France and
Ireland King defender of ye faith, etc. An. Dmu. 1721
(Signed) Thomas Stones, Richard Bagshawe.

THE SHIRE HALL. 287

Swarkeston Scbool Ibouse.
A really remarkably early instance of a healthy greed for learning
occurred at the small village of Swarkeston in the first half of the
seventeenth century. The inhabitants united together about 1639
and built a school-house and provided a schoolmaster for the village,
by a voluntary assessment, without the aid of any bequest or help
from any wealthy landowner. The following petition refers to this
noteworthy germ of the modern school-board : —
July 17th 1649
To the Right Wor" the Justices of the Benche at ye Quarter Sessions.
The humble petition of the Inhabitants of Swarkeston.
Whereas the Inhabitants of Swarkeston did about Tenn yeeres agoe at ther owne paines
and charges build a Schoolhouse to have ther children taught in good Litterature and it
was Imployed to yt use till within this three yeeres and then it standing voyd a little
space till another Schoolmaster could be provided In the meane on Robert Beerley yt
hath two houses of his owne at Weston upon Trent thrust himself into it without or
consent, yet upon diverse demands of it hath promised yt he would avoyd & go to his
owne But so it is Right Wor"^ yt hee geeres us, keeps possession & will not out. So
that to or greefe & prejudice or Children want teaching, & what an injury this is to
us & they to want such a benefitt as a Scholmaster & good learning wee leave to yor
gratious consideration
Humbly beseeching yor worshipps so to do for us yt hee may be cast out of ye said
Scholhouse yt it may be Imployed to yt good use for which it was ordained
John Bould clarke Ralph Banckcroft
John Fisher Thomas Henisor
Edmund Hawker William Roberts
Thomas Wright Tho Bould
Thomas Draper
The petition is endorsed — " To be removed upon due con
sideration."

^be Sbire IbaU.
This draft of a petition of loth March, 1661, from the Sitwell
MSS., forms an interesting sequel to what has been said about the
new County Hall in the introductory section of the first volume : —
Most gratious Soveraigne
Wee yor Maties loyall and obedient subjects the Grand Jury for the County of Derby att
the Assizes held there the loth day of March 1661 humbly make bould to informe yor Malie
that there have beene great summes of money raised in this County in these late tumultous
limes, for the building of a Shire Hall there, a greate parte whereof is remayning in severall

288 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
hands now after the worke is finished, who are  pay in the same (though there
was an Order att the last Assizes held there the 17th day of August last from the Judges,
who did impowre two Gentlemen to take the said accompts and to order the money found
to be in arreare to be paid into such Treasurer's hands as they should appoint) pretending
they may be called into the Exchequer to accompt for the same there ; And some particular
towns are yet behinde in paying what was imposed, whoe ought to pay the same that
the charge may be equall.
Therefore in all humility we become petitionrs to your Sacred Matie in the behalfe of the
whole County, that you would gratiously please to impower some Gentlemen of our County
to take the accompts of all whoe have receaved any of that money, or have been imployed in
that worke and that they may have power to charge the High Constables to Collect what is
unpaid, and that all whoe are found to be in arreare may pay the same to the sd Gentlemen
for to be imployed for the use & benefitt of our County And we shall as in Duty bound
pray &c.

IRo^al aib6.
The following five interesting letters from the Sitwell papers,
relative to royal aids or special levies after the Restoration, were not
received in sufficient time for insertion in their proper place in the
Fiscal Section of this volume : —
Mr James Bullock
March 12th 1662
Sr The i8th of Aprill 1661 I receaved of Willm Roger (who was then our Constable)
3/2. I2S. lid. wch was imposed upon the Townshipp of Eckington for the buying of Trophies
&c : but upon Lamberts riseing being Commanded to March to Derby wth what force we
could raise I pd 2li. to honest poore men my neighbours who marched as far as Chesterfeild
wch I expect to have againe (it cost me more) I have sent you the rest by our Constable
Willm Kirkby being lli. 12s. lld. when I receaved it I intreated Mr Willm BuUoke to take
it to the Sessions, he would not, but said he would lay it downe for me if there was occasion,
soe after my kinde respects remembered I remaine Yor servant
G. S.
ffor Captaine Mazine
May 1st 1665
* *********
I pray God send us good success wth our ffleet against the Dutch, certainely its a vast
charge the ffleet lyes his Matie in ; there are letters come to the Comissioners for the Royall
aied to advance mony ; we are to meet at Derby on ffryday next, & I doubt not but every
man will be willing to putt to his helping hand &c.
ffor Mr ffreeman
May gth '65.
Sr I was yesterday at Sutton, & did hope to have found you there, my Lord was pleased to
say you should meet the Commissioners for the Royall Ayde at ChesterfeUd to morrow, so
that I doubt not seeing you then ; this bearer James Potter tells me you had appointed to
meet at Pleasley to morrow to take up wood there, but all particuler business must be sett
aside to serve the publique ; when we meet I shall informe you what we did at Derby, & am
confident of your compliance to serve your Country & so remaine
Your friend to serve you.

THE FIRST POST STAGE FOR DERBY. 289

For Capt Mazine
May 13th 1665

I hartily thanke you for yor last good news, & longe to heare what the ffrench intend
to doe : the Comrs for this County (as I formerly hinted) mett, & are apprehensive of the
vast charge of the Navy, soe that we have agreed to advance two three moneths pay without
interest, notwithstanding some are of Oppinion that his Maties officers will gett that interest
that was offered into theire owne purses, & soe deceave both Kinge and Country, but truly
I thinke none dare lo be soe unworthy : noe more but my kinde respects presented & I
remaine Yor faithfull humble servt.
July 17th 1665
Received then by me Richard Clarke of Chesterfeild in the County of Derby Gent.
head Collector of the hundred of Scaresdale for the Royall Aide granted unto his Matie of
George Sitwell of Renishaw in the same County Esqr the summe of one hundred pounds
of Currant money wch the said George is content to lend to his Matie accordinge to
propositions from the Lord Treasurer, menconed in a lettr sent to the Comrs of this County,
notwithstanding if the Country bringe in money to me the said Rich : Clarke, the sd George
is content to receive it att any time before Michalms next, and will expect noe interest for
ye same I say reed per me Richard Clarke
Head Collector.
For Mr. Richard Clarke
August 26th 1665
Mr. Clarke, I bad Thomas Starky ask you for that hundred pounds I sent to you the 17th of
July, wch I was willinge to lend to his Malie, the reason I sent for it was because I heard
that that money you have returned is not paid in for the Navys use, & that you have most
of the rest lyeing by you, and are like to have all shortly : yor answer was somethinge odd
vizt ; that you had returned & paid that particuler money I sent, it may be soe, other money
will be the same thinge to me, I doe not accuse you as faulty that the money is not paid,
but I fear whereas wee thought to deserve thanks for advanceing money, we deserve to be
chidden because that is not paid that is due ; if you cannot pay Thomas the money this day
pray you tell him what day I may send for it, noe more but my kind respects & I remaine
Yor friend to serve you

^be jfirst poet Staae for Derbi?.
Many incidental references occur throughout the Derbyshire
records to the early despatching of letters by the mail ; it will
therefore be of some interest to give an account from the Public
Record office, hitherto unprinted and unknown, of the first Derby
shire post stage.
James I. established a post-office in London for letters to foreign
countries for the benefit of merchants, but it was not till the reign of
Charles I., 1635, that a post-office of inland letters was established.
20

290 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
A regular communication was then established between Edinburgh
and London, " to go thither and come back again in six days," and to
take with them all such letters as should be directed to any post-
town on the road. Posts were also established to Ireland by
Holyhead, and to Plymouth and Exeter. Posts for letters materially
progressed during the Commonwealth, but it was not until the
restoration, namely on December 27th, 1660, that the Post-office, as
at present constituted, was founded. Part of the scheme then
established brought about, for the first time, a regular post between
¦London and Derby. The Derby Road of the post-stage system
began at Towcester, sixty miles from London. Up to that point the
Derby letters were conveyed by the Holyhead or Irish mail ; from
Towcester they went, by four intervening stages, to Derby, a distance
of 69 miles.
The following is a specimen of a printed post bill of the year 1666
pertaining to the Derby Road, the date being filled up by hand
writing : —
" For the special service and affaires of His Majesty.
Haste, haste,
Poste haste — Whereas the management of the Post Stage of
Letters of England Scotland and Ireland is committed to my care
and conduct : These are therefore in His Majesties name to require
you in your respective Stages to use all diligence and expedition in
the safe and speedy Conveyance of this Mail and Letters from
London to Derby and from thence to return : And hereof you are
not td fail, as you will answer the contrary at your perils. Given
under my hand this 28th of Octor past 2 in the morning, 1666.
Philip Frowde.
To the several Postmasters on the Derby Road "*
Each postmaster of the town through which the mail passed had to
state, on the bottom of the post bill, the hour at which he received
and forwarded it. The prescribed rate of progress was but five miles
an hour.
The above post bill is thus subscribed : —
" Towcester the 28th of Octbr. Sent this malie away at 4 after
noone. Andrew Snape.
Received the mall att Northampton att 6. J. Sumner.
* Dom. Stale Papers, Charles II., 1666, Bundle 184.

CATTLE PLAGUE. 29 1
Received the mall at tow. John Pares
29th. Received ye mayle at six morne. Robt Bunnys
Received the maile at 2. Hugh Newton.
Received ye mayle at six at night. Robt Bunnys
Received the mall at 11 at night John Pares
Received the mall at 7 and sente away. Tho. Palmer
Received the mayle at Northampton att 12 and sent away by mee
John Sumner."
From other post-bills, it becomes clear that the following were the
stages on the " Derby Roade," with the names of their first post
masters : —
Towcester, Andrew Snape ; lo miles to
Northampton, John Sumner ; 16 miles to
Market Harborough, Thomas Palmer ; 15 miles to
Leicester, John Pares ; 1 1 miles to
Loughborough, Robert Bunnys ; 17 miles to
Derby, Hugh Newton.

(Tattle plague.
A severe cattle plague, or " pestilence amongst the horned cattle,"
raged in England from 1745 to 1755. The distemper was supposed
to have been introduced into England from Holland by means of
two white cows which a farmer at Poplar sent for to improve his
breed. By October, 1745, it had spread thence into Surrey, Kent,
Essex, Berkshire, and Bedfordshire ; few of the farmers " saving
more than one in five of the cattle that have been taken, but most
having lost their whole stock."* An Act was passed in February,
1745-6, authorising the Privy Council to take necessary measures
for the abatement and suppression of the plague. On March
I2th, 1746, the Privy Council ordered diseased beasts to be shot,
and their skins destroyed ; granting moderate compensation. But
the disorder continued to rage in one part or other of the country
for nearly ten years from the time of the first outbreak. It gradually
passed northwards, and on January 15th, 1746-7, it was ordered
that no cattle should pass from the south across the Hiimber and
Trent. * Gentleman's Magazine, 1745, p. 557.

292 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
In April, 1747, the plague had reached Derbyshire. By the
beginning of September, it was estimated that 40,000 head of cattle
had died in the three counties of Derby, Nottingham, and Lincoln.*
At the Epiph. Sessions, 1748-9, inspectors of horned cattle were
appointed for the county of Derby, to be paid at a rate not ex
ceeding one shilling per day when on duty.
Just a year later, the matter came again before the court, when
the good effects of putting the laws for checking the distemper
into force were demonstrated, and that where they had been dis
obeyed or laxly enforced, the evil had spread from herd to herd.
It was established that the plague had been brought into the hundred
of High Peak by carrying of hides, horns, hoofs,- and bones of
infected cattle through the county. Complaint was also made that
various farmers had refused to kill their cattle, or to give proper
notice of disease to the inspectors. The justices, therefore, resolved
to adopt more stringent precautions, and appointed all the several
petty constables, overseers of poor, and churchwardens of the whole
of the townships of the county of Derby inspectors under the Act,
and they were enjoined to be very careful and diligent in the
execution of their office. Specially qualified inspectors were also
appointed for Glossop and Chapel-en-le-Frith, who were to stop all
carriage of horns, hides, etc., through the county. No fair nor
market for any sort of horned cattle was to be held anywhere in
Derbyshire until further order, and no horned cattle were to cross
Swarkeston bridge or Wilne ford one way or the other.
At the Trans. Sessions, 1750, Samuel Dury, printer, was ordered
to print three hundred copies of the Act of Parliament for pre
vention of distemper.
At Mich. Sessions, 175 1, fairs and markets for horned cattle were
again prohibited throughout the county. Notice to this effect was

* In 1748, the following prayer was ordered lo be used in the churches of England and
Wales " every day, on occasion of the present mortality among the cattle " : — •
" O gracious God, who, in Thy great Bounty to Mankind, hast given them the Beasts
of the Field for their Provision and Nourishment, continue to us, we humbly beseech
thee, this Blessing, and suffer us not to be reduced to Scarcity and Distress by the con
tagious Distemper, which has raged, and still rages, among the Cattle in many Parts of
this Kingdom. In this and all other thy Dispensations towards us, we see and adore the
Justice of thy Providence, and do with sorrowful and penitent hearts confess, that our
manifold Vices and Impieties have deservedly provoked thine anger and Indignation
against us. But we earnestly entreat Thee, Almighty Father, in this our calamitous Stale,
to look down upon us with an Eye of Pity and Compassion ; and, if it be Thy blessed will,
to forbid the spreading of this sore Visitation, and, in Thy good lime, to remove it from all
the Inhabitants of this Land, for the sake of thy mercies in Christ jesus, our only Saviour
and Redeemer. Amen."

CATTLE PLAGUE. 293
ordered to be issued in the General Evening Post and in the Derby
and Nottingham Mercuries, whilst other notices were to be dis
tributed throughout Derbyshire by the clerk of the peace. A
like order was made by the court at Easter, 1752.
It was ordered, at the Epiph. Sessions, 1752-3, that the constable
of Winshill have notice that he be very diligent in obliging people
in his jurisdiction to bury their cattle that die in the infection,
according to the King's order in Council. This is the last entry
that we have noticed amongst the orders upon this subject.*
* By the kind permission of the Rev. Canon Raine, of York, we are able to print the
following highly remarkable and original " Psalm, composed by the Clerk of Stillington
(North Riding of Yorkshire), and sung by him at Divine Service on Sunday, May28lh, 1749."
It was in the possession of Mr. Thomas Beckwith, F.S.A., of York, who died in 1786, and is
now in the hands of Canon Raine.
Let us sing to the praise and Glory of God a Psalm of my own making.
I. O Lord, we are fearfully distrest.
But Thou canst help us stiU ;
Thou canst, if Thou wiU do Thy best.
Let men say what they will.
2. For this Distemper are full sad.
And rages in our town.
It is enough to make one mad.
The like was never known.
3. There's old John Crow, and Richard Pen,
And likewise William Bland,
With many more substantial men
Now ruined out of hand.
4. And we shall be quite undone.
It is no boot to strive,
And broke-up every mother's son
As sure as we're alive.
5 . No Christian bull or cow, they say.
But take it soon or sine.
And it is ten to one, I lay.
Good God ! take care of mine I
6. For, Lord ! Thou know'st we are full poor,
So help us ! for Thou can !
And we will put our trust no more
In any other man !
7. The doctors — tho' they all have spoke
Like learned gentlemen,
And told us how the intrils look
Of cattle dead and gone ; —
8. Yet they can nothing do at all
With all their learning store.
Then come away Thyself, O Lord,
And vex us so no more.
9. But come with help all in Thy hand !
O come without delay I
And drive it forth out of the Land,
For ever and for aye ! Amen.

294 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.

Daniaoe b^ Jfire.
We have noticed three entries among the records, which make
mention of an appeal to Quarter Sessions with reference to loss and
damage sustained through fire.
The first of these is a long statement entered on the Orders of the
Trans. Sessions, 1694, with reference to a recent disastrous fire at
Long Eaton : —
A Certificate of the Losse and Damage susteyn'd by Severall p'sons in Long Ealon
occasioned by a Suddain Fire.
To the Charitable and well disposed Christians to whom these p'sons shall come,
Greetinge
Whereas upon fryday the Twelfth day of May last past happened a dredfuU Fire in the
Town of Long Eaton in the County of Derby wch within lesse then two Houres time
burnt down and consumed fourteen Dwellinge Houses togeather wth the Barnes Stables
and out houses and other Buildings containeinge Ninety Bayes of Building & togeather
wth divers Quantityes of Corjie Hay and Househould Stuffe and other goods Amountinge
in the whole to the Sume of Eight Hundred Eighty Nine pounds and Upwards by the
Estimation of Abram Ward Mason George Baron and Robert Chevyn Carpenters and
other Credible p'sons whoe have Viewed the said Ruins by which said Conflagration and
Ruins Severall of the p'sons whose houses and Goods were consumed by the said Fire
(to witt Edward Carter Thomas Clover Charles Willson Christopher Tebutt junr Widdow
Canner William Canner George Canner wth divers others which are Utterly Undone and
Ruined and are not able to Subsist without the charity and benevolence of Charitable
and well disposed Christians wee therefore whose hands are here under written beinge
well Satisfied of the great Poverty and want of the above Named Persons and Others
whoe sufferred by the said Fire and in the Vallue of the losse sustained thereby doe most
Humbly Recomend their Sad and Deplorable Condicon to all Charitable and well
disposed Christians for their Charity and Benevolence. Assuring them what Money shall
bee given and Collected for the Reliefe and Support of the poore Sufferrers aforesaid shall
bee Imployed & disposed to the Severall p'sons abovenam'd and other Sufferrers by the
said fire And for the better Satisfaction of all Such whoe shall Extend their Charity to the
said Sufferrers they have Humbly Requested the Honoble Anchilell Gray Esqre Arthur
Warren and Robert Sacheverell Esqre to receave what money shall bee Collected of all
Charitable people for the purpose above said to bee disposed of by them Amongst the said
Sufferrers Accordinge to their best divisions they beinge p'sons Near Neighbours to the
said Sufferrers and Satisfied in their Severall Losses and Circumstances.
We have Viewed the Sad Ruins above mentioned and believe the Compulation of ihe
losse to bee true and that the poore Sufferrers are true objects of Charity.
Anchtell Gray Robert Sacheverell
Arthur Warren
Upon Hearinge of the above written Certificate openly Read in full Co'te This p'sent
Sessions And upon examination of the Carpenters and Mason therein Mentioned upon
oath of the reall Estimation of the loss and Damage Susteyned by fire by the Severall p'sons
in the said Certificate Named This Court believes the whole Contents of the said Certificate
to bee true and that the Trust reposed in the Honoble Anchilell Gray Esqre is well plact
and that the charity collected will bee by him Honorably & faithfully Imployed and
Distributed for the benefit of the p'sons onely Named in the said Certificate and
None others.

HORSE SLAUGHTERERS. 295
At the Sessions held at Bakewell on July 3rd, 173 1, the following
certificate was presented to the court for their endorsement : —
"Wee Roland Cotton and Thos. Gisborne Two Justices of the
Peace acting for the Hundred of Appletree in ye County of Derby,
pursuant to an Order of the County Sessions held at Derby the 7th of
Aprill last have considered ye case of Jno Hall of Marston upon
Dove concerninge his Hay Stack being maliciously fired — and doe
adjudge that we have pd him by the County as the Act directs six
pounds ten shillings."
At the Easter Sessions, 1820, a petition was presented to the court
by James and William Bate, of Thornsett, Mellor, showing " that a
very sudden and terrible fire " broke out in their cotton mill on
March nth, through the overheating of the machinery. In little
more than an hour the fire consumed five double carding engines, all
the necessary machinery for preparing and spinning cotton, the
cotton then in stock, together with an adjacent dwelling-house and
its furniture. The petitioners were reduced to utter poverty, and
estimate their loss at ;^862. They appealed to the assistance of
'' well-disposed Christians, and asked the court to certify the truth of
the premises to the Lord Chancellor in order that a Brief might be
issued." The truth of the statements is attested by the signatures of
M. Olorenshaw, minister of Mellor, and twenty-five of the principal
inhabitants.*

Iborse SlauQbterers.
Among the records are several papers, extending from 1787 to
1823, which are certificates obtained from the court of Quarter
Sessions, pursuant to 26 George III., c. 71, of the fitness of certain
persons for the slaughtering of horses.
Two examples of these papers will suffice : —
We whose names are hereunto subscribed being inhabitants of the parish of Shirland in
the County of Derby, do hereby certify that the bearer hereof, Edward Lester of Higham,
in the aforesaid parish of Shirland, is a proper person to take out a license for slaughtering

* On the subject of Briefs, see vol. i. , p. 365, etc. The above seems to have been the
last secular Brief obtained in the county of Derby ; the last Brief for church repair was in
1826.

296 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Horses, pursuant to an Act of Parliament passed in the Twenty-sixth year of his present
Majesty King George the third, Witness our hands the 2nd day of October 1787
Thomas Fidler, Rector of Shirland.
George HardyVj,^^^!,^^^^^^^
Thos. Fogg J
We the undersigned Minister Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor of the Townslyp
of Ashborne in the County of Derby Do and each and every of us Doth hereby certify that
Richard Massey of Ashborne aforesaid Sadler and Collar Maker is a fit and proper person
to be trusted with the Business of slaughtering horses, mares. Geldings, Colts, Fillies,
Asses, Mules, Bulls, Oxen, Cows, Heifers, Calves, Sheep, Hogs, Goats, or other cattle
not killed for Butchers meat. Given under our hands and seals the ninth day of April and
the year of our Lord 1804. William Webb, minister.

y >-Churchwardens.
Robt. BloreJ
Eidwd. Barnes"! ,..,
VOverseers.
John Barnes )

tTbeatrical IRepresentations.
The first Act for licensing plays and playhouses was passed in
1737 (10 George II., c. 28) ; but in 1788 "An Act to enable justices
of the peace to license theatrical representation.s occasionally under
the Restrictions therein" became law (28 George III., c. 30).
Among the county papers are several sessional licenses granted to
travelling companies, dating from 1788 to 1839.
This latter was soon put into operation in Derbyshire. In June,
1788, the following was addressed : —
To Francis Heywood Constable of Bakewell.
Messrs. Welsh & Ferrizer give this public Notice to the Ladies and Gentlemen of Bakewell
they intend making application at the next General Quarter Sessions, to be held at Bakewell
for the County of Derby, for a License to enable them & Company to perform plays &c. for
the space of 7 weeks in the months of October and November next. According to Act of
Parliament in such case made & provided. J. Welsh.
Bakewell June 21st
At the sessions held on July 29th, the required license was granted
for plays and interludes at Bakewell, as well as one for Buxtpn from
that date to September 30th.
In the following year, application was made to the justices at
the Mich. Sessions for a license to play at Ashbourne : —
To his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Derby at the General Quarter
Sessions assembled at Chesterfield in and for the said County on Tuesday the sixth day of
October 1789.

FRIENDLY SOCIETIES.

297

The Humble Petition of John Welch and Edward Williams on behalf of themselves and
their Company of Comedians now being at Buxton within the said County.
Your Petitioners in Pursuance of an Act passed in the twenty eighth year of the Reign of
his present Majesty Intitled — " An Act to enable Justices of the Peace to License Theatrical
Representations occasionally under the Restrictions therein Contained " — Do humbly
Petition this Court to grant them a License as prescribed by the said Act for the Performance
of such Tragedies Comedies Interludes Operas Plays or Farces as are mentioned therein at
Ashborne within this Counly from the twentieth day of this Instant October for the space of
eight weeks. And your Petitioners shall ever pray etc.
John Welch
Edward Williams
At the Epiph. Sessions, 1794, Samuel Stanton petitioned for license
to perform at Ashbourne " Such Tragedies Comedies Interludes
Operas Plays and Farces as now are or hereafter shall be acted or
performed at either of the Patent or Licensed Theatres in the City
of Westminster, or as shall in the manner prescribed by Law have
been submitted to the Inspection of the Lord Chamberlain." He
recited that he had been at a considerable expense in erecting a
theatre in the town of Ashbourne, which he describes as " a place of
considerable resort." He obtained a license, which was to come
into operation on the following March 14th.
Record is also made of licenses granted to Myrton Hamilton and
his company of comedians, in 1795, at Matlock Bath ; to John Nunns
at Ashbourne, in 1796 and 1799; to Charles Stanton at Ashbourne
in 1805, 1807, 1808, and 1812 ; to James Robertson and T. H. W.
Manley at Chesterfield, 1812, and to Mr. Manley also as manager
for several consecutive years, down to 1839.
The use of the County Hall, Derby, by strolling players at the
beginning of the eighteenth century, has been already mentioned
with some detail.*

Jfrienbli^ Societies.
The county papers include a variety of returns of Friendly
Societies made to the clerk of the peace, pursuant to the respective
requirements of 59 George III., c. 128 ; 10 George IV., c. 56 ; 6 and
7 William IV., c. 32. They extend from 1793 to 1847. In the
year 1793, when these societies, or clubs of the industrious classes,
began to be formed, four were organised in Derbyshire, and in the
* See Vol. I., pp. 13-15.

298 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
following -year no less than ninety-eight ; by the end of the century
the number was one hundred and forty-three. The first that were
enrolled at the sessions were the societies formed at Alfreton, Crich,
and Ashford. The numbers filed by the clerk of the peace up to the
passing of the amending statute of 10 George IV. were three hundred
and ninety-nine. By that Act a list of the societies enrolled had to
be forwarded to the Secretary of State at the end of each period,
five years from the year 1836. The retu-rn thus made up to 1847
is extant.
There is a parcel of bonds given by the treasurers of such
societies, with two sureties, that had to be entered into with the clerk
of the peace. They extend from 1830 to 1848.
In 1874, pursuant to the provisions of 37 and 38 Victoria, c. 42,
transcripts of the rules of Benefit Building Societies that had been
enrolled under 6 and 7 William IV., c 32, were sent in to the
Registrar of Friendly Societies ; the number of these societies in
Derbyshire was then forty-three.

free fiDasona.
The alarm felt in England at the progress of events on the
continent, as last century was closing, brought about, inter alia,
in 1799 the passing of " An Act for the more effectual Suppression
of Societies established for seditious and treasonable Purposes, and
for better preventing treasonable and seditious Practices," whereby
a list of the members of every Freemason's Lodge, with the abode
and profession of each, had to be annually deposited with the clerk ,
of the peace. The papers pertaining to the enrolment of these
masonic lodges, pursuant to 39 George III., c. 79, extend from
1799 to 1 841, and belong to four Derbyshire lodges.
The "Scarsdale" lodge (No. 519) papers are from 1799 to 1818.
The members met once a month at the house of William Lovett, at
the Angel, Chesterfield.. The roll for 1799 showed thirty-three
members of varied sections of society ; there were several esquiresi
including Thomas Windsor Hunloke, of Wingerworth, and Cornelius
Heathcote Rodes, of Barlborough ; gentlemen and professional men,
as well as tradesmen, farmers, and servants. In 1818, this lodge
had only twelve members.

GUNPOWDER MILLS. 299
Of the "Derbyshire" lodge (No. 201) there is a single return for
1818. The members, numbering seventeen, of whom Hugh Huntley,
architect, was the worshipful master, met monthly at a private
lodge room at Buxton.
Of the " Royal Sussex " lodge (No. 690) there are various returns,
from 1818 to 1839. It met monthly at the Mitre at Repton. The
master was George Mugliston, plumber and glazier, with a mem
bership in 181 8 of fourteen. The members afterwards increased in
number and importance, including Rev. J. H. Macaulay, head master
of Repton school, James Chiosso, late a captain in the Spanish
service, and Michael Bass and Charles Allsop, of Burton-on-Trent.
The " Union " lodge (No. 335) has several returns, the earliest of
which is for 1834, and the latest for 1841. This lodge, comprising
about twenty members, chiefly miners and small tradesmen, met
monthly at Mellor, at the sign of " The Duke of Sussex."

(3unpowber flDiUs.
It was enacted in 1772, by 12 George III., c. 61, that gunpowder
mills should only be permitted after license by the court of Quarter
.Sessions. The various other restrictions of this Act need not be
enumerated, as they are obvious from the petitions about to be cited.
We are not aware of any application in Derbyshire under this Act
previous to 1800, at all events the application for such a mill in the
parish of Hope at that date, is the earliest one preserved among the
county papers. The following are copies of the papers : —
Notice is hereby given
That Application is intended to be made to the next General Quarter Sessions of the
peace to be holden in & for the County of Derby by me Thoiuas Williamson of Fernilee in
ihe said County Millwright, for a License to erect & have Mills or other Engines for making
Gunpowder with proper Magazines & Offices to adjoin thereto, upon certain Lands situate
lying & being in Shalcross in the Hamlet of Fearniley in the parish of Hope in the said
County, called by the several names of the Geldee Warth, the Mill Warth, & the Warth-
on-the-other-side-the- Water. Dated this Twenty sixth day of December
1800 Thomas Williamson
To Messrs. John Cottrill, John Howe, & ) The above Notice was read in the Parish
John Higginbotham, Churchwardens of the /¦ Church of Hope on Sunday the 28lh Day of
said Parish of Hope •* Deer 1800
J. Ibbotson, Curate
John Cottrill, Churchwarden of Hope.

300 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
At the Epiph. Sessions, 1801, Mr. Balguy moved for and obtained
the requisite license.
On the petition of Thos Williamson of Fernilee in the County of Derby, Millwright, to
this court showing that he is a Manufacturer of Gunpowder, and hath lately contracted with
Francis Godsell Esqr for a lease of certain Lands lying in Shalcross in the Parish of Hope
in the said County for the purpose of erecting Gunpowder Mills with proper Offices to
adjoin them.
That the Land so contracted for is twelve miles distant from the Parish Church of Hope,
& one Mile & three Quarters from the Parish Church of Taxal in the County of Chester, &
is several Miles distant from any City, Borough, or Market Town, & upwards of thirty miles
from any other Gunpowder Mills or Magazines.
That the Manufacture of Gunpowder upon the premises so contracted for will be very
Useful & beneficial to the Neighbourhood on Account of the great number of Coal & other
Mines thereabouts, in the working whereof great Quantities of Gunpowder are used, which
by reason of the Carriage, is an Article of very heavy Expense to the Proprietors of such
Mines, And praying this Court to grant him a license to erect Gunpowder Mills wilh proper
Offices to adjoin thereto upon the said Lands lying in Shalcross aforesaid, called by the
several Names of the Geldee Warth, the Mill Warth, & the Warth-on-the-other-side-the-
Water, And it having been proved to this Court that proper Notice had been given to the Church
wardens of the parish of Hope aforesaid, that this Court would be applied to for the said
License & that such Notice had been read in the parish church of Hope pursuant to the Act
of Parliament for that purpose, and no objection being made against granting the said
License, This Court doth Order that the said License be granted to the said Thomas Williamson,
& the same is hereby granted to hira accordingly By the Court.
At the Easter Sessions, 1827, the Butterley Company obtained a
license for a powder magazine at Amber wharf, near Bull Bridge, in
the parish of Crich; at Trans. Sessions of the same year, Henry
Orton obtained a license for a powder magazine on Sinfin Moor;
and at the Mich. Sessions of the same year, Charles Kitchener
obtained a license for a powder magazine in the township of
Alvaston. Messrs. Curtis and Harvey obtained a license for a powder
magazine in the township of Boulton, at the Mich. Sessions, 1834.

THE LORD-LIEUTENANT AND THE COMMISSION. 30I
polling districts.
The Reform Bill of 1832 provided that the justices should meet in
special sessions to select polling places, and to allot the townships to
their respective centres. Derbyshire was then divided into two
electoral divisions. North and South. The justices held a special
session at Bakewell on October 23rd, 1832, for assigning polling
districts for the northern division, and for the southern division at
Derby on October 24th. They appointed five polling places for
each division ; in the north, Bakewell, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Glossop,
Chesterfield, and Alfreton ; and in the south, Derby, Belper, Mel
bourne, Ashbt)urne, and Wirksworth. But the Act reserved power
to the justices to alter and increase the number of polling districts,
with the consent of the Privy Council, provided they were petitioned
by the inhabitants of any district and accepted the prayer of such
petition. The singularly awkward roads and long distances in the
hundred of High Peak soon brought about petitions from the voters
for greater accommodation. Petitions are extant engrossed on parch
ment and numerously signed by freeholders, that were presented at
Quarter Sessions, urging the respective claims of Tideswell, Castleton,
Brad well, and Buxton as polling places. Castleton soon . obtained
its desire, and by 1838 Buxton and Tideswell were appointed ;
Eckington was also added in the hundred of Scarsdale. The polling
centres of South Derbyshire were likewise increased, but at a
later date.
These petitions, their acceptance by the justices, and the replies
of the Privy Council, form a. bundle of some little interest owing to
the great changes that have since been made in the representation of
the people ; they extend to May, 1867, the eve of the passing of the
next Reform Bill.

tlbe Xorb^Xieutenant anb tbe Commission.
The following remarkable document is given without any com
ment.
County Hall Derby. Epiphany Sessions 1807.
His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, the Lord Lieutenant of the County, having with his
usual altenlioii to the Magistracy referred to the present Bench, through the Clerk of the
peace, the question of introducing Mr. Thos Hassall into the Commission of the peace ; the

302 THREE CENTURIES OF DERBYSHIRE ANNALS.
Justices now assembled, in obedience to His Grace's request to receive their opinions in
writing, find it their duty to state that, though the good sense & unexceptionable character
of Mr. Hassall are fully acknowledged by some of them who have had opportunities of
knowing him, his situation in life does not seem to entitle him to a place in the Commission
of the peace of this county, conformably to those regulations under which His Grace's con
sideration has supplied and guarded it. They hold that any departure from them in any
instance however unexceptionable in itself, would unavoidably open the way to others which
might not be so, to the injury of that weight and consequence of the Magistracy in the pubUc
mind on which its efficacy so materially depends. They recollect simUar objections to
similar applications ; and they cannot consistently with precedent, or with their deliberate
judgment on a review of the rules and usages hitherto observed here, recommend the
admission of Mr Hassall into the Commission of the peace.
In thus submitting their unanimous opinion they beg leave to offer to His Grace The Lord-
Lieutenant their respectful acknowledgments of that confidence with which he has honoured
them, and his obliging consideration of their wishes and satisfaction.

APPENDIX.

•+8e-»--

Enclosure Awards.

A P P E N D I X

Calendar of Enclosure Awards of the County of Derby.

Name of Place.

Title of Act.

I Broughton West.

2 Langwith and Plesley

An Act for dividing and enclosing divers
parcels of commons and waste grounds lying
within the manor of West Broughton in the
parish of Dovebridge.
An Act for enclosing certain common pasture
grounds^ within the manors' and parishes of
Langwith and Plesley, and the hamlets of
Stoney Houghton and Shirebrook, in the
said parishes.
An Act for dividing and enclosing Beaston 27 and 28
common pasture. c. 51.
An Act for dividing and enclosing, a common
Moor, called Aston and . Shardlow Moor,
and several common fields, meadows, pas
tures and waste grounds, lying within the
manor of Weston-cum-Membris and Pre-
bent of Sawley.
Wingerworth and Tupton An Act for dividing and enclosing certain 30 Geo. IL, c, 18
common pastures and common grounds in
the manor and parish of Wingerworth and
in the hamlet of Tupton, in the parish of
North Wingfield respectively.

Year Award or authorised
Regnal Year. of our Copy where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.
4 Geo. II., c. 19 ... 1731 Clerk of the Peace.

Where Deposited.

3 Beaston . . .
4 Aston and
Moor.

Shardlow

21 Geo. II., c. 28...
Geo. 11.^
29 Geo. IL, c. 39...

Clerk of the Peace. .
Mr. Thomas Povey,
Lord Waterpark's
Steward,Dovebridge.
1748 Parish chest, Lang- Clerk of the Peace.
with.
Parish chest, Pleas
ley.
Clerk of the Peace.
1755 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.
1756 Parish chest, Aston. Clerk of the Peace.
Clerk of the Peace. Late Mr. Sutton,
Shardlow.

1757 Parish chest,Winger-
worth.
Parish chest, North
Wingfield.
Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.

6 Mackworth

An Act for dividing and enclosing the
common fields, meadows, pastures, and
waste grounds in the parish of Mackworth.

2^ Geo. II.. c. 6 ... 1760 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace

>o

Mr. Mundy, Markeaton. «g

No.

Name of Place.

Elvaston ston.

and Thul-

8 Aston-upon-Trent .

9 Draycott

10 Scropton

1 1 Litton

12 Winster

13 Long Eaton

Title of Act. Regnal Year
An Act for establishing and confirming certain 2 Geo. III. , c. S
articles of agreement for dividing and
enclosing several common fields, meadows,
and pastures in the township of Elvaston
and Thulston.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the 2 Geo. III., c. 8
common fields, meadows, pasture and waste
grounds in the township of Aston-upon-
Trent.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the 3 Geo. III., c. 11
common fields, common meadows, common
pastures, common grounds, commonable
lands, in the manor of Draycott, in the
parish of Wilne.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open and common fields, common meadows,
common and waste grounds within the
manor and parish of Scropton.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the
commons, common pastures, and common
fields, in, the manor of Litton, in the parish
of Tideswell.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the
common moor or waste ground within the
hamlet of Winster in the parish of Youl
grave.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the
common fields, meadows, pastures, and
waste grounds in the manor of Long Eaton,
in the parish of Sawley.

3 Geo. HI., c. 31

3 Geo. III., c. 41

S Geo. III., c. 8

Year Award or authorised
of our Copy where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.
1762 Clerk of the Peace.

1763

3 Geo. III., c. 12 ... 1763

1763

1763

1765

Where Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest.

1762 One of the Courts of Clerk of the Peace.

Record at West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace.
One of the Courts of
Record at West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Wilne.

Clerk of the Peace ; or, Court of Chancery (4 Geo.
Court of Chancery. HI., 1763-4. Part II. ,
No. 11), Mr. John
Broadhurst, Foston.

Clerk of the Peace
and Parish chest of
Tideswell.
Clerk of the Peace
and chest of ham
let of Winster.
Court of Record at
Westminster ; or,
Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, National
school at Litton.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest.

Clerk of the Peace.
Award in Parish chest.
Long Eaton.
Plan destroyed by damp.
Copies of plan in posses
sion of Mrs. Wm. Bain-
bridge and Mr. W. E.
Brown, Surveyor.

O

l»
t^til
OwH
aSS
en Oa?3«; > z
>
1X1

14 Hartshorn ...

15 Ashford and Sheldon

16 Repton

17 WUlington

18 Darley

19 'Nuns Green

20 Littleover

21 Normanton next
Derby.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open and common fields, common meadows,
commons and waste grounds withm the
manor and parish of Hartshorn.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
fields, meadows, pastures, commons, and
waste grounds, within the hamlets of Ash
ford and Sheldon, in the parish of Bakewell.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, common meadows, common pastures,
commons and waste grounds within the
parish of Repton.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, common meadows, common and
waste grounds within the parish ot
'WiUington.
An Act for dividing and enclosing a certain
common, parcel of waste ground, or moor,
situated in the liberty of Darley, called
Darley common.
An Act for selUng a part of a green, called
Nuns Green, in the Borough of Derby ; and
for applying the money arising from the
sale thereof in the improvement of the
remaining part of the said green, and for
other purposes therein mentioned.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the
commons, waste grounds, open fields,
common meadows, and common pastures,
in the liberty of Littleover, within the
parish of Mickleover.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, common meadows, and common
pastures, in the parish of Normanton next
Derby.

5 Geo. III., c. 65 ... .765 Clerk of the Peace.; Clerk of the Peace.
^ or. Court of Chan
cery.
5 Geo. IIL, c. 81 ... 1765 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.

6 Geo. III., c. 20 ... 1766 Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Copy of Award with Mr.
Seth Smith, church
warden, Repton.

6 Geo. HI., c. 23 ... 1766 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.

6Geo. III.,c.92... 1766 Clerk of the Peace'; Clerk of the Peace.
, y and chest of the ham- Parish chest of Darley.
let of Darley.
8 Geo. III., c. 38 ... 1768 No Award.
Directed to be
deposited.

>zd

8 Geo. III., c. 44... 1768

8 Geo. III., c.

Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Chest of the Liberty of
Littleover.
1 768 Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Parish chest of Nor
manton, next Derby.

Queen's Bench Plea Side
(2 Geo. IIL, 1770,
Mich. Ro. 208).

Queen's Bench Plea Side
(II Geo. IIL, Mich.
Ro. 209).

O

No. Name of Place.
22 Belper Ward, High-
edge (Heage).
23 Derby HUls

24 Ravenstone...

Title of Act.

Regnal Year.

25 Fairfield

26 Mony Ash ...

27 Priestwood ..

28 Stapenhill and
Winshill.

An Act for dividing and enclosing that part 9 Geo. III., c. 34.
or share of Belper Ward which belongeth
to Highedge.

10 Geo. IIL, c. I-

10 Geo. HI., c. 36. 1770

An Act for dividing and enclosing a certain
common or waste ground, called Derby
Hills, parcel of the manor of Castle Don-
nington, in the counties of Leicester and
Derby.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, meadows, and waste grounds, in the
lordship or liberty of Ravenstone, other
wise Raunston, in the counties of Leicester
and Derby.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 11 Geo. III., c. 19.
open fields, common pastures, commons and
waste grounds, within the township, hamlet,
or liberty of Fairfield, in the parish of
Hope.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the
common and waste grounds within the
manor of Mony Ash, in the parish of
Bakewell.

Year
of our
Lord.
1769

1770

An Act for dividing and enclosing Priestwood 11 Geo. HI., c. 42.
common in the parishes of Mackworth,
Kedleston, MeyneU Langley, or some of
them.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open fields, common or waste lands, stinted
pastures, and commonable grounds, within
the hamlets of Stapenhill and Winshill.

Award or authorised
Copy where directed to
be Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Clerk of the Peace for
the County of Derby.

II Geo. III., c. 40... 1771

1771

II Geo. HI., c. 46... 1771

Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk of
the Peace.

1771 Clerk of the Peace.
Clerk of the Counsel
of the Duchy of Lan
caster.

£lerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of . Record,
Westminster.
Parish chest of the
lilierty of Mony Ash.
Court of Record, West
minster, and parish
chest at Mackworth.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or Court of
Record Henry Lord
Paget held in his
manor of Burton-
upon-Trent.

Where Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace. Mr.
' Joseph Alton, The Firs,
Heage.
Clerk of the Peace.

Common Pleas (11 Geo.
III.,i77i;East.No.i2.)
Mr. Leonard P'osbrook's,
Lord of Manor.
Another copy or paper
with Overseer.
Clerk of the Peace.
Duchy of Lancaster
Office.
Iron chest, 'Vestry of
Hope.
Mr. John Mellard,
Monyash.

Queen's Bench Plea Side,
14 Geo. III., 1773,
Mich. Ro. 252.
Public Record Office.

O00

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29 Hulland Ward

30 Appleby

31 Buxton

32 Ockbrook

33 Bonsall Leys and
Green.

34 Church Broughton.

35 Hognaslon Wynn, or
Hognaston Old-
field.
36 Bonsa'll 

An Act for dividing and enclosing a certain
common called Hulland Ward, otherwise
Hollin Ward.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, commons and waste grounds, lying
in the parish of Appleby, in the counties of
Leicester and Derby.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
liberty of Buxton, in the parish of Bakewell.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open fields, meadow, pasture, common and
waste ground within the liberty of Ock
brook.
An Act for dividing and enclosing a certain
open field or parcel of Land, called Bonsall
Leys and Green, within the parish of
Bonsall.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open fields, arable lands, meadows, com
mons, and. waste grounds, within the manor
of Church Broughton.
An Act for dividing and enclosing certain
commons or pastures, called Hognaston
Wynn or Hognaston Oldfield, within the
liberty of Hognaston.
An Act for enclosing certain common or pieces
of waste ground in the parishes of Bonsall,
Wirksworth, and Matlock.

II Geo. III., c. 54... 1771

II Geo. HI., c. 59.. 1771

Duchy of Lancaster Duchy of Lancaster office.
Office.
Chests of townships of
Mugginton, Windley,
Mercaston, Turn
ditch, Hulland,
Biggin, Ireton Wood,
Ideridge Hay.
Clerk of the Peace.
County of Leicester ;
or, Court of Record,
Westminster.

Windley box, in vestry of
Turnditch church.
Plan, Mr. Wheeldon, Ire
ton Wood.
L. Bainbrigg, church
warden, Biggin.

12 Geo. III., c, 27.

12 Geo. HI., c. 60.

1772

1772

Clerk of the Peace ; also
Clerk of the counsel.
Duchy of Lancaster.
One of the Courts of
Record at West
minster ; or Clerk of
the Peace.

13 Geo. III., c. 14... 1773 Clerk of the Peace.

13 Geo. IIL, c. i6.

1773 Clerk of the Peace ; or,
Court of Record,
Westminster.

Clerk of the Peace ; also
Office, Duchy of Lan
caster. (Lib. 2, p. 71.)
Plan. Clerk of the Peace.
Mr. Cope, Minister's
churchwarden, Ock
brook.
Clerk of the Peace.
National School-room,
BonsaU, in custody of
churchwarden — Plan.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest. Church
Broughton — Plan.

13 Geo. III., c. 83... 1773 Clerk of the Peace ; or. Clerk of the Peace.

16 Geo. III., c. 7

Court of Record,
Westminster.
Chapel of Hognaston.
1776 Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Duchy of Lancaster
ofSce.
Bonsall parish church.

Clerk of the Peace.
Plan^Duchy of Lancaster
office, 22 July, 1776.
National School-room,
Bonsall.

PI
Z

O
VO

N'l Name of Place.
37 Lea 
38 Shirland 
39 Stretton 
40 Tibshelf 
41 KUlamarsh 
42 Bolsover 
43 Ashover 
44 Hasland

Title of Act.

Regnal Year.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 16 Geo. HI., c. 32
commons and waste grounds within the
manor of Lea, in the parishes of Ashover,
Crich, and South Wingfield.
An Act for dividing and enclosing several 17 Geo. IIL, c. 38.,
common and waste grounds within the
manor of Shirland.

Year . Award or authorised
of our Copy, where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.

Clerk of the Peace.
Chest in chapel of
Dethick, in parish of
Ashover.
Clerk of the Peace.
Chest in church of
Shirland.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
manor of Stretton, in the parishes of North
Wingfield and Morton.
An Act for dividing, enclosing, and improving
certain common lands and grounds in the
township of Tibshelf.

17 Geo. IH.,c. 66.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 17 Geo. HI., c. 104.
open fields, arable lands, meadows, com
mons, and waste grounds within the manor
of Killamarsh.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open 18 Geo, IIL, c. 94...
arable fields and commons within the manor -
of Bolsover, in the parishes of Bolsover
and Clown.

An Act for dividing^ and enclosing the com
mons and waste grounds within the manor
of Ashover.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
inanor of Hasland.

1776

1777

17 Geo. HI., c. 39 .. 1777

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church of North
Wingfield.

1777 Award, with Plan,
Parish chest, Tib
shelf ; without Plan,
Hospital of St.
Thomas the Apostle.
1777 Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Killa
marsh.

19 Geo. HI., c. 61... 1779

19 Geo. HI., c. 1

1778 Clert of the Peace.
Town chest of Bols
over.
Town chest of Clown.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Ash
over.
1779 Clerk of the Peace.
Chest of hamlet or
manor Of Hasland.

Where Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace.
'Vicarage House, Dethick.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest. North
Wingfield— Plan.
St. Thomas' Hospital,
Westminster Bridge,
London — Plan.

Clerk of the Peace.
Mrs. Charlotte Stoney,
Bridge Farm, Killa
marsh.
Clerk of the Peace.
Clown copy — Rectory,
Clown.

Clerk of the Peace.
W. White, Collector of
Rates, Ashover — Plan.
Clerk of the Peace.
Duke of _ Devonshire,
muniment room, Hard
wick.
Parish church, Chester
field—Plan.

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45 Staveley
46 Matlock
47 Findern
48 Hilton

20 Geo. III., c. 8 .

49 Stoney Middleton ,

50

Dale Moor or
Stanton Moor.

5 1 Sandiacre

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
manor and parish of Staveley.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds with the manor
of Matlock.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing,
the commons, open fields, and common
pastures, in the liberty of Findern in the
parish of Mickleover.

An Act for dividing and enclosing several open
common fields, common meadows, common
pastures, commons, and waste grounds,
within the manor and hamlet of Wilton, in
the parish of Marston-upon-Dove.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 21 Geo. III., c. 16..
commons and waste grounds within the
manor of Stoney Middleton.

1780

20 Geo. III., c. 13... 1780

20 Geo. III., c. 35... 1780

20 Geo. HI., c. 38... 1780

An Act for dividing and enclosing a certain
common called Dale, or Stanton Moor,
within the manors of Dale and Stanton, or
one of them.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the open fields, meadows, pastures, com
mons, and commonable places, within the
township and liberty of Sandiacre.

1781

21 Geo. III., c. 37... 1781

22 Geo. III., c. 30... 1782

Clerk of the Peace.
Lord of manor of Stave
ley.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Matlock.

Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Box of liberty of Fin
dern.
Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Box of hamlet of Hil
ton ; or, parish chest
of Marston-on-Dove.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church of
Stoney Middleton.

Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Town chest of Stanton.
Court of Record, West
minster.

Clerk of the Peace.
Duke of Devonshire as
Lord of the manor,
muniment room at
Hardwick — Plan.
Clerk of the Peace.
Mr. Thomas Newbold,
Sol., Matlock.
Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
21 Geo. III., 1781,
Trin. Ro. 600.
Box of liberty of Fin
dern — Plan.
Common Pleas, 21 Geo.
IIL, 1781, Trin. Ro.
214. Late in the
poss. of J. H. Mousley,,
given up to the Clerk of
Peace by Mr. Power.
Deposited in Record
Room.
Clerk of the Peace.
Mr. S. Furness, High
Street, Stoney Mid
dleton.
Common Pleas, 22 Geo.
III., 1782, Trin. Ro.
253. Plan.

Common Pleas, 24 Geo.
IIL, 1785, HU. Ro.
II. Do., 24 Geo.
IIL, HU. Ro. 35. Mr.
Stevens, Sandiacre.

ZO

No.

Name of Place.

52 Boylstone

S3 Morley

54

Marston Mont
gomery.

55 Holbrook

56

58

Crich and
Wingfield.

South

57 Westott-upon-Trent

Belper Ward and
Chevin Ward.

Title of Act.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open common fields, common meadows,
common pastures, commons, and waste
grounds, within the manor and parish of
Boilstone.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
parish of Morley.

An Act for enclosing and leasing, or letting,
a certain common, and certain waste grounds
lying within the parish of Marston Mont
gomery, and applying the profits thereof in
aid of the Poor Rate and .other parochial
taxes of the said parish.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mons, open common fields, common
meadows, commonable lands, and waste
grounds, within the liberty of Holbrook, in
the parish of Duffield.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
manors of Crich and South Wingfield.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open fields, and common meadows, com
mon pastures, commons, and waste grounds,
in the parish of Weston-upon-Trent
An Act for dividing and enclosing certain
commons, called Belper Ward and Chevin
Ward, and certain waste lands within the
liberties of Duffield, Belper, Hazelwood, and
Makeney, within the parish of DuflieUl.

Regnal Year.

23 Geo. III., c. 37.

24 Geo. in.
Sep. I.

26 Geo. III.,c. 57.

Year
. of our
Lord. 1783

c. 3, 1784

1786

Award or authorised
Copy where directed to
be Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Boil-
stone.

Clerk of the Peace.
Court of Record, West
minster.
Parish chest, Morley.

Where Deposited.

Common Pleas, 27 Geo.
III., 1786, Mich. Ro.
48. Plan. Parish
award last heard of at
Mr. E. Mousley's office.

25 Geo. III., c. 4 ... 1785

25 Geo. HI., c. 27... 1785

26 Geo. IIL, c. 19... 1786

26 Geo. IIL, c. 35... 1786

No award ordered
be made.

to

Court of Record al
Westminster ; or.
Clerk of the Peace.
Chest of liberty of
Holbrook.
clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Crich.
Parish chest of South
Wingfield.
Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace.
Parish box, Duffield.
Parish box, Belper.

Common Pleas, 27 Geo.
III., 1786, Mich. Ro.
134. Plan. Chest of
liberty of Holbrook.
Clerk of the Peace.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
27 Geo. IIL, 1787,
HU. Ro. 474.
Queen's Bench, PleaSide,
34 Geo. IIL, 1793.
Mich. Ro. 200. 'Vicar
age, Duffield ; not at
Belper.

to

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59 Barrow-upon-Trent

60 Sawley

61 Little Eaton

62

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 27 Geo. III., c. 25... 1787
common and open fields, meadows, pastures,
commons, and waste grounds, within tbe
manor and hamlet of Barrow-upnn-Trent,
in the parish of Barrow-upon-Trent.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 27 Geo. III., c. 35.
open fields, common meadows, common
pastures, and waste grounds within or
belonging to the hamlet of Sawley.

Melbourn and Kings
Newton.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mon open fields, commonable lands, and
waste grounds in the liberty of Little Eaton,
in the manor of Little Chester.

63 Parwich

64 Spondon

65 Marston-upon-Dove, Hatton Hoon, and
Hoon Hay.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 27 Geo. III. , c. 37
common and open fields, meadows, pastures,
commons, and waste grounds within the
liberties of Melbourn and Kings Newton, in
the parish and lordship of Melbourn.
An Act for dividing and enclosing certain open 28 Geo. III., c. 7 ..
fields or stinted pastures, lying within the
parish of Parwich.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open 28 Geo. HI., c. 39
fields, common pastures, common or moor
and waste grounds within the hamlet or
liberty of Spondon.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the common 29 Geo. IIL, c. 54
and open fields, meadows, pastures, and
commons or moors within the Uberties of
Marston-upon-Dove, Hatton Hoon, and
Hoon Hay, in the parish of Marston-upon-
Dove.

1787

27 Geo. IIL, c. 36.. 1787

Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Parish chest, hamlet of
Barrow-upon-Trent.
Clerk of the Peace ; or.
Court of Record,
Westminster.
Parish chest, Sawley.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk of
the Peace.
Chest of liberty of Little
Eaton.

1787 Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace.

Common Pleas, 28 Geo.
III., 1788, Trin. Ro.
395. Plan.

Common Pleas. 28 Geo.
IIL, 1788, Trin. Ro.
251. Plan, Rectory
House, Sawley.
Common Pleas, 29 Geo.
III., 1789, Trin. Ro.
285. Plan.

Queen's Bench, PleaSide,
33 Geo. HI,, 1793,
East. Ro. 498. Plan,
parish chest, Melbourn.
Plan.

Court of Record, West- Clerk of the Peace. Parish
minsler ; or Clerk of chest, Parwich. Plan.
the Peace. Parish
chest, Parwich.

1 788 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk of
the Peace. Parish
chest, Spondon.

Queen's Ben(ih, Plea Side,
30 Geo. IIL, 1790.
Hil. Ro. 923. Plan,
Parish chest. Vestry,
Spondon. Plan.

1789 Clerk of the Counsel, Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
Duchy of Lancaster. 38 Geo. IIL, 1797.
Marston parish chest. Mic. Ro. 1613.

>ISZo

No.

Name of Place.

Regnal Year.

66 Osmaston-next- Derby.

67 Mickleover .

68 Doveridge, alias
Dovebridge.

Eggington ...

70 Heanor and Codnor

71 Chaddesden

72 Edingale Fields

Year
of our
Lord,

29 Geo. III., c. 58 1789

30 Geo. IIL, c. 22 1790

31 Geo. IIL, c. 2 .

1791

Title of Act.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
all the open fields, meadows, commons, and
waste lands in the lordships or liberties of-
Osmaston-next-Derby, except only a
certain meadow called the Moor Meadow,
and a certain commonable place called
Sinfin Moor.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open
fields, common meadows and pastures,
common and waste lands in the liberty 'or
lordship of Mickleover.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the common
fields, common pastures, and waste lands
within the parish of Doveridge alias Dove
bridge.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mon and open fields, common meadows,
common pastures, stinted pastures, com
mons, and waste landswithin the manor and
parish of Eggington.
An Act for dividing and enclosing certain
common or waste grounds vrithin the lord
ships or liberties of Heanor and Codnor, in
the parish of Heanor.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the open or 31 Geo. Ill,, c. 51
common fields, meadows, commons, and
waste grounds within the liberties of
Chaddesden, in the parish of Spondon.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 31 Geo. III., c. 60 1791
common and open fields common meadows,
and common pastures, commonly called
Edingale Fields, within the parish of Edin
gale, in the county of Stafford, and the
parish of Croxall, in the county of Derby.

Award or authorised
Copy where directed to
be Deposited.
Court of Record, West
minster.

Where Deposited.

31 Geo. IIL, c. 19 1791

31 Geo.'lIL, c. 48 1791

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk of
the Peace. Parish
chest of Mickleover.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Dove
ridge.
Clerk of the Peace ; or,
Court of Record,
Westminster. Pari.sh
chest, Eggington.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, Heanor.
1791 Court of Record, West
minster ; or, C lerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, Chaddesden.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk of
the Peace, Stafford.
Church chest, within
the church, Edingale.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
37 Geo. IIL, 1797.
Trin. Ro. 2267.
Clerk of the Peace.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
39 Geo. IIL, 1798.
Mich. Ro. 315,

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
37 Geo. IIL, 1797.
Trin. Ro. 2268.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
33 Geo. III., 1793.
Hil. Ro. 114. Plan.
Deposited with the Clerk
of Peace of Stafford
shire in 1875, l^y T. L.
Princes.

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en

73 Stanley

74 Taddington and
Priestcliff.

75 Ilkeston
76 Barlbrough...
77 Eckington . .
78 Beighton ...
79 South Normanton .
80 EtwaU

An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mon and waste grounds within the manor
and liberty of Stanley.

32 Geo. III., c. 48 1792

33 Geo. IIL, c. 85.,. 1793

34 Geo. IIL, c. 102 1794

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open fields, meadows, pastures, commons,
and waste grounds within the hamlet of
Taddington and Priestcliff, in the parish of
Bakewell.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the open fields, meadows, pastures, com
mons, and waste lands within the liberty of
Ilkeston.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several 35 Geo. IIL, c. 74.
open fields, commons, and waste grounds
within the manor of Barlbrough.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Chest
of the church of
Stanley.
Clerk of the Peace.
Chest of the chapel
of Taddington.

Courtof Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest of Ilkeston.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
34 Geo. III., 1794-
East. Ro. 547. Plan.

Clerk of the Peace. Isaac
Broome's, Priestcliff.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, St. Mary's
church, Ilkeston.

1795 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace. In
Parish chest, Barl- custody of Mr. de
brough. Rhodes, Barlbro' Hall.
Plan.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mons and waste lands, common fields, and
mesne inclosures within the manor and
parish of Eckington.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mons and waste lands within the manor and
parish of Beighton.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
commons and waste grounds within the
manor and parish of South Normanton,
An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
open common fields, meadows, and pastures,
commons, and waste grounds within the
parish of Etwall.

35 Geo. IIL, c. 100 179s Clerk of the Peace.

36 Geo. III., c. 34... 1796 Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Chest in church, Eck
ington.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Beigh
ton. Plan.

37 Geo. IIL, c. 6

37 Geo. IIL, c. 45.

1 797 Parish chest, South Clerk of the Peace.
Normanton .

1797 Court of Record, West
minster ; or Clerk of
the Peace. Parish
chest, Etwall.

>?dCSza
I—)X

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
39 Geo. IIL, 1799.
Hil. Ro. 39. Vestry
of church, Etwall. ^
Plan. ^

Name of Place.
Lea Moor, or Sap-
perton Moor, and
Hare Hill.

82 Hartington .

83

Nether Seal and
Over Seal.

84 Sinfin

85 Wirksworth

Title of Act.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the commons, moors, wastes, and waste
grounds, called Lea Moor, or Sapperton
Moor, and Hare Hill ; and also a certain
common meadow, and all other common
able places and waste grounds within the
township or liberty of Sapperton, in the
parish of Church Broughton.
An Act for dividing and enclosing the com
mon and open fields, mesne inclosures,
commons, and waste lands within the manor
and parish of Hartington.
An Act for confirming and establishing a
division and enclosure of the open and
common fields and pastures within the
manors or lordships of Nether Seal and
Over Seal, in the parish of Nether Seal, in
the counties of Leicester and Derby, or one
of them, and certain exchanges of lands and
estates within the said parish.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
a certain common or waste, called Sinfin
Moor, and a certain common meadow
thereto adjoining.*

37 Geo. HI., c. 63... 1797

Year Award or authorised
Regnal Year. of our Copy, where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Sap
perton liberty chest.
Parish chest. Church
Broughton.

38 Geo. III.,c. 76... 1798

39 Geo. IIL, c. 20...

42 Geo. IIL, c. 69 1802

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 42 Geo. IIL, c.
the several commons and waste lands within
the manor and township of Wirksworth, for
protecting certain springs situate in the
said commons and waste lands, and for
the better securing a supply of water for
the use of the inhabitants of the town of
Wirksworth.

Parish box, Hartington.
William Duke of
Devonshire, and his
heirs.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace.

1802 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace ; also
with certain com
missions named in
Act.

Where Deposited.
Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
39 Geo. IIL, 1799.
Trin. Ro. 893. Plan.

Parish chest, vicarage,
Hartington. Plan.
Duke of Devonshire
estate office, Buxton.

1799 Confirming articles of
agreement made 2
July, 1755. No
award ordered.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
45 Geo. IIL, 1805.
Hil. Ro. 840.

Clerk of the Peace.

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86

Alvaston ton.

and Boul-

87 Chellaston

88 Norton and Dronfield

89 Eyam

90

Walton, in the parish
of Chesterfield.

91 Hucklow Great

92 Wormhill

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the several open fields, meadows, pastures,
and waste grounds within or belonging to
the parishes and townships of Alvaston and
Boulton.*
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the open fields, common meadows, and
waste grounds within or belonging to the
parish of Chellaston.*
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the several commons and waste grounds
within the manor of Norton, in the parishes
of Norton and Dronfield.

An Act for dividing and enclosing the several
common and waste grounds within the
manor of Eyam.
An Act' for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the several commons and waste grounds
within the manor of Walton, in the parish
of Chesterfield.*
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the several open commons, mesne fields,
moors, meadows, pastures, wastes, and other
commonable and unenclosed lands and
grounds within the township or liberty of
Great Hucklow, in the parish of Hope.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the commons and commonable lands and
waste grounds within the liberty of Worm-
hill, in the parish of Tideswell.

42 Geo. III., c. 100 1802

42 Geo. III., c. 103 1S02

43 Geo. IIL, c. 43 1803

43 Geo. IIL, 0.45... 1803

42 Geo. HI., c. 60 .. 1803

43 Geo. IIL, c. 75... 1803

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of Ihe Peace. Parish
church, Alvaston.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Chellaston.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest of Norton.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, Eyam.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Chesterfield.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Duchy
Court of Lancaster.
Parish church, Hope.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
46 Geo. III., 1805.
Mich. Ro. 229. Plan.
Alvaston and Boulton
National School House.
Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
4S Geo. IIL, 1805.
Hil. Ro. 839. Plan.
Messrs. Simpson and
Taylor, solicitors.
pierk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Vicarage,
Norton'. The award
map contains also a
map of Coalaston, part
of the parish of Dron
field. >
Clerk of the Peace. "^ TJ
IS
zo
Parish church, Chester- r^
field. Plan.

Duchy of Lancaster office.
Lib. 4, pp. 65, 99. Iron
chest, vestry of Hope.
Plan.

43 Geo. IIL, c. 81... 1803 Court of Record, West- Clerk of the Peace.

minster ; or, Clerk of
the Peace. Chest of
chapel of Wormhill.

Parish school of Worm
hill.

Act not printed.

No.

Name of Place.

Title of Act.

Regnal Year.

93 Brassington, alias
Brasson.

94 Kirk Ireton and
Callow.

95 Hucklow Little

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 43 Geo. IIL, c. 93...
the open fields, meadows, and pastures
within the township of Brassington, other
wise Brasson, and the commons and waste
grounds called Brassington, otherwise
Brasson Common, in the parish of Brad-
bourne. *
An Act for enclosing lands in the township of 43 Geo. HI., c. 104
Kirk Ireton, in the parish of Kirk Ireton,
and Callow, in the parish of Wirksworth.

An Act for enclosing lands within the town- 44 Geo. IIL, c. 2
ship of Little Hucklow.*

Year Award or authorised
of our Copy, where directed to Where Deposited.
Lord. be Deposited.
1803 Court of Record, West- 48 Geo. IIL, 1808. Hil.
minster; or, Clerk Ro. 150. Plan.
ofthe Peace. Church, 48 Geo. HI., 1808. Hil.
Brassington. Ro. 173.

96 Chelmorton and An Act for enclosing lands in the hamlets of 45 Geo. IIL, c. 103
Flagg. Chelmorton and Flagg, in the parish of
Bakewell.*
97 Hope, Bradwell, As- An Act for enclosing lands in the hamlets of 46 Geo. IIL, c> 15...
ton, and Thornhill Hope, Bradwell, Aston, and Thornhill, in
the parish of Hope. *
98 Bakewell and Over An Act for enclosing lands in the manors and 46 Geo. IIL, c. 79...
Haddon. Townships of Bakewell and Over Haddon,
in the parish of Bakewell. *
99 Wheston and Tides- An Act for enclosing lands in the townships 47 Geo. IIL, s. 2,
well. of Wheston and Tideswell, in the manor of c. 64
TidesweU.

1803 Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace, and
such person, or at
such place as Com
mission under Act
shall appoint.
1804 Courtof Record, 'West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace.
1805 Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
ofthe Peace. Chapel
of Chelmorton.
1 8c6 Court of Record , West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Hope.
1806 Courtof Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Bakewell.
1 807 Court of Record , West
minster ; or, Clerk of
the Peace . Parish
church, Tideswell.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
47 Geo. IIL, 1807.
Trin. Ro. 316. Plan.
Duchy Lancaster, Lib.
4, p. 68.

Clerk of the Peace.
Duchy Lancaster, Lib.
4, p. 9. Parish church,
Hope.
Clerk of the Peace. Mr.
Thomas Breton, 'Veo-
man, Chelmorton.
Clerk of the Peace. Iron
' chest, vestry of Hope.
Plan.
Clerk of the Peace.

Duchy Lancaster, Lib. 4,
p. 176. Clerk of
the Peace. Vicarage,
Tideswell.

00

K?dCSCS
nCSZH
G Jdl-HH
enO >SOts !»td<en

?dm>zz>
en

loo Quarndon, alias An Act for enclosing lands in the township of 48 Geo. III.,c. 15...
Quarn. Quarn, alias Quarndon.* 2, c. 64 ...
loi Hathersage ... An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of 48 Geo. III.,c. 129
Hathersage.

102 Elton and Winster... An Act for enclosing lands in the townships of 49 Geo. III., c. 66..
Elton and Winster, in the parish of Youl
greave.

103 Stanton

104 Dronfield (Dore)

105 'Whitfield

An Act for enclosing lands in the township, 49 Geo. IIL, c. 102
hamlet, and manor of Stanton.*

An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of 49 Geo. HI., c. 170
Dronfield.

An Act for enclosing lands in the hamlet or
township of Whitfield, in the manor and 50 Geo. HI., c. 17.
parish of Glossop.*

1808 Court of Record, West- Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
minster ; or, Clerk of 57 Geo. HI., 1817.
the Peace. Trin. Ro. 254. Plan.
1808 Court of Record, West- Clerk of the Peace.
minster ; or. Clerk of Vicarage, Hathersage.
the Peace. Parish
chest, Hathersage.
1809 Court of Record, West- Duchy Lancaster extract,
minster ; or. Clerk Common Pleas. 3
ofthe Peace. Chest Geo. IV., 1822. Trin.
in the chapel of Ro. 66. Plan.
Winster. Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Youl
grave.

1809

106 Longstone Great and An Act for enclosing lands in the township of 50 Geo. IIL, c. 184 i8io
Little, and Ward- Great and Little Longstone and Wardlow.
low.

107 Beeley  An Act for enclosing lands in the township of 51 Geo. IIL, c. go.,
Beeley.

Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Youlgrave.
1809 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Chest
in church of Dore.
1810 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Glossop.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
ofthe Peace. Town
chest, Great Long
stone.
1 8 II Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Town
chest of church or
chapel of Beeley.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace. Town
chest, vicarage, Long
stone.

Clerk of the Peace.

>
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* Act not printed.

t>j

No. JName of Place.
io8 Pinxton 
109 Alfreton
no Whitwell 
Ill Breadsall 

Title of Act.

Regnal Year.

1 1 2 Brampton . . .

113 Youlgrave and Mid
dleton - by - Youl
grave.
114 Rowsley Little

An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of 52 Geo. IIL, c. 42...
Pinxton, in the counties ol Derby and
Nottingham.*

An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of 52 Geo. HI., c. 103
Alfreton.

An Act for enclosing the lands in the parish 53 Geo. IIL, c. 145
of WhitweU.

An Act for enclosing the lands in the parish 55 Geo. HI., c. pr.
of Breadsall. 42.

An Act for enclosing the lands in Brampton. 55 Geo. IIL, c. pr.
44.

An Act for enclosing lands in the townships, 55 Geo. HI., c. 77
hamlets, or manors of Youlgrave and
Middleton-by-Youlgrave, both in the parish
of Youlgrave.*
An Act for enclosing lands in the manor or 55 Geo. III., c. 86
hamlet of Little Rowsley, in the parish of
Darley*

Year Award or authorised
of our Copy, where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.
1812 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Public
chest in church,
Pinxton.
1 8 1 2 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. PubUc
chest, vestry, church,
Alfreton.
1813 Court of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, 'Whitwell.
1815 Court of Record, West-
, minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, Breadsall, or
such place as Com
missioners under Act
direct.
1815 Coiirt of Record, West
minster ; or, Clerk
ofthe Peace. Town
chest, church, Bramp
ton.
1815 Courtof Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Youlgrave.
18 1 5 Court of Record,West-
, minster, ; or, Clerk
of the Peace.

Where Deposited.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest, Whitwell.

Queen's Bench, Plea Side,
58 Geo. IIL, 1817.
Mich. Ro. 428. Plan.
Parish chest, Breadsall.
No Plan. Award with
Plan at Messrs. Simp
son, Taylor, and Simp
son, solicitors, Derby.
Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk of
the Peace.

Clerk of the
Parish chest,
grave.
Clerk of the Peace.

Peace. Youl-

tv>
O

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!»t«CS
o tsz
,H G >dl-HCS
enO saCSfdCd xj
en S ts>ZZ
>

115 Homesfield.

Ii6 HoUington .

117 Barlow

Il8 Norbury

iig

Oker Hill and Cross
Green.

An Act for enclosing lands in the hamlet of 56 Geo. III., c. pr.
Homesfield, in the parish of Dronfield. ig.

An Act for enclosing the lands in the town- 57 Geo. IIL, c. pr.
ship of HoUington, in the several townships 25.
of Longford and Brailsford.

An Act for enclosing lands in the manor of 57 Geo. IIL, c. pr.
Barlow, in the townships of Great Barlow 34.
and Little Barlow, in the parishes of
Staveley and Dronfield.
An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of 58 Geo. HI., c. pr.
Norbury. 16.

An Act for enclosing and leasing or letting
certain common or parcels of waste ground,
called Oker Hill or Cross Green, within
the township of Wensley and Snillerton, in
the parish of Darley, and for applying the
profits thereof in aid of the poor rates of
the said parish.

59 Geo.
17-

IIL,

pr.

1816 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.
Chapel of Homes- Anthony Morgan,
field, or such other Homesfield.
place as the Commis
sion appoint.
1817 Court of Record, West- Clerk of the Peace-
minster ; or. Clerk Iron Safe, Longford
ofthe Peace. Parish Rectory. Plan.
church, Longford.
1817 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.
Chapel of Barlow. Chapel of Barlow.

i8i8 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.
Church of Norbury. Thomas Maskery, Nor
bury.
1819 No direction as to dis
posal.

>
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120 Smisby

1 2 1 Whittington

An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of i Geo. IV., c. pr. 5
Smisby.

An Act for enclosing the lands in the parish
of Whittington.

I and 2 Geo. IV., c.
pr- 37-

1820 Court of Record, West
minster ; or. Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
church, Smisby, or
such other place as
Commission appoint.
1821 Clerk of the Peace.
Parish church, Wit-
tington.

Queen's Bench, plea side.
9 Geo. IV., 1828.
Trin. Ro. 2387. Plan.
Miss Woodward,
Smisby.

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Whit
tington.

Act not printed.

to

No. Name of Place.
122 Baslow

123 Snelston, amended
by 7 Geo. IV., c.
18, pr. No. 127.

124 Chindley ...

125 Carsinglon Hill

126 Whittle

127 Snelston

128 Stainsby and Heath

Title of Act.

Regnal Year.

An Act for enclosing lands in the manor and 4 Geo. IV., c. 30
township of Baslow, in the hamlets of
Bubnell, Curbar, and Froggatt, all in the
manor of Baslow, and in the parish of
BakeweU.*

Year Award or authorised
of our Copy, where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.

Clerk of the Peace.
Church of Baslow.

1823

An Act for enclosing lands in the parish of
Snelston.

5 Geo. IV., c. pr. I 1824

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 5 Geo. IV., c. 41
certain unenclosed lands in the hamlet or
village of Chindley, in the parish of Glossop.

1824

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church, Snels
ton, or such other
place as the Commis
sion shall by the said
award direct.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church of Glos
sop.

Where Deposited.
Clerk of the Peace.
Awards and plans of
Baslow and Bubnell,
in chest of church of
Baslow,
Clerk of the Peace.
Evidence room, Snels
ton Hall.

Custody of
Glossop.

Vicar of

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 6 Geo. IV., c. pr. 8 1825 Clerk of the Peace.
a certain stinted pasture, called Carsington Churchwardens of Car-
Hill, in the parish of Carsington. sington.

Clerk of the Peace.

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 7 Geo. IV., c. pr. 4 1826 Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Peace.
the common or waste lands in the hamlet of Churchwarden of Custody of Vicar ol
Whittle, in the parish of Glossop. Glossop. ' Glossop.
An Act to aher and amend an Act of his 7 Geo. IV., c. pr. 18 1826 No deposit of award Evidence room, Snelston
present Majesty's reign [5 Geo. IV., c. i] directed. HaU.
for enclosing lands in the parish of Snelston.

00 to

1^tsn tszH
G ?dl-HCS
en O¦S dCS5d td•<en S CS> ZZ>ren

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
the several common and waste grounds
wilhin the ninnor of Stainsby and Heath,
in the Parishes of Ault Hucknall and
Heath.

7 and 8 Geo. IV., c. 1826-7 Court of Record, West-
pr. 3 ... ... minster; or, Clerk
of the Peace. Parish
chest, Ault Huck-

Clerk of the Peace. Duke
of Devonshire. Estate
Office, Chesterfield.
Plan.

I2g Sinfin Moor

130 Ollerset and Phoside

131 Great Hamlet

132 Middleton-by- Wirks
worth.

133 Kirk Langley
134 Twyford and Stenson
134 Hayfield 
a
135 Newbold 

An Act for maintaining and repairing the 7 and 8 Geo. IV., c. 1S26-7 Court of Record, West- Clerk of the Peace.
public drains, bridges, and highways on 48 . . ... minster; or, Clerk
certain extra parochial lands formerly called ofthe Peace.
Sinfin Moor.

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 9 Geo. IV., c. pr. 1 1
ihe common or waste lands in the hamlets
of Ollerset and Phoside, in the parish of
Glossop.
An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing 10 Geo. IV., c. pr. 3
the commons or waste lands in Great
Hamlet, in the parish of Glossop.

1828 Clerk of the Peace.
Churchwarden of Glos
sop.

Clerk of the Peace.
Duchy Lancaster Office
copy. Custody of Vicar
of Glossop.

1829 Clerk of the Peace. Custody of Vicar of Glos-
Churchwarden, Glos- sop. Clerk of the Peace.
sop.

An Act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing
lands in the township of Middleton-by-
Wirksworth.

3 and 4 Wm. IV., c.
pr. 10 

An Act for dividing, allotting, enclosing, 4 and 5 Wm. IV., c.
and otherwise improving the open fields, pr. 12
commons, and waste lands in the liberty of
Kirk Langley.
An Act for facilitating enclosure of certain 6 and 7 Wm. IV., c.
common and open lands in the parish of 115
Twyford and Stenson.
An Act for enclosing open fields, pastures, 6 and 7 Wm. IV., c. 1836
moors, and waste lands in the hamlet of 115 
Kinder, in the township of Hayfield, in the
parish of Glossop.

1833 Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church,
Wirksworth.
1834 Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church, Kirk
Langley.

Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.

1836 Clerk of the Peace.

Clerk of the Peace.

An Act for enclosing lands in the manor of 7 Wm. IV. and Vic. 1836 Clerk of the Peace.
Newbold, in the parish of Chesterfield. I., c. pr. 5 ... Free School at New-
bold.

Clerk of the Peace.
School House in Little
Moor, in Newbold.
Plan.

>i-d
tsZ
d

* Act not printed.

M
00

No. Name of Place.
136 Totley
1 37 Unstone
138 Dronfield ...
139 Brimington...

140 Brough and Stret
ton Common ...
141 Elmton 

Title of Act.
An Act for enclosing lands in the manor and
township of Totley, in the parish of Dron
field.
An Act for enclosing lands in the manor of
Unstone, in the parish of Dronfield.

An Act for enclosing lands in the manor of
Dronfield.

An Act for enclosing the commons and waste
lands in the township and manor of Brim
ington.

Regnal Year.

Year Award or authorised
of our Copy, where directed to
Lord. be Deposited.

An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain
lands in pursuance of the second report of
the Enclosure Commission.

2 and 3 Vic, c. pr. 9 1839

2 and 10

3 and 10

3 Vic, c. pr. 1839

4 Vic, c. pr. 1840

Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church, Dron
field.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church,Dron-
field.
Clerk of the Peace.
Parish Church,Dron-
field.

4 and 5 Vic, c pr. 1841 Clerk of the Peace.
18 ... ... Episcopal Chapel.
Township of Brim
ington. Plan and
schedule of old en
closures in the manor
and township to be
added to award and
copy.

10 and II Vic. c.
25, sch.

•1846 As directed by the
II Sep., and 9 Vic, c 118.
1846 Do. do.

Where Depoisted.
Clerk of the Peace.
Vicarage, Dronfield.

Clerk of the Peace.
Vicarage, Dronfield.

Clerk of the Peace.
Vicarage, Dronfield.
See Norton No. 88
for award of Coalas
ton, part of the parish
of Dronfield.
Clerk of the Peace.
Vestry of church, Brim
ington.

Clerk of the Peace. Iron
chest. Vestry of Hope.
Plan.
Clerk of the Peace.
Vicarage, Elmton.

to
4^

K
CSts
o CS
zHG?dMPi
enO -sd?dtd-<en SPi >
ZZ>r
V3

142 Tansley Common

An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain 11 and 12 Vic,
lands in pursuance of the third, and also a sch.
special report of the Enclosure Commission.

c. 27, 26 Jan., Do. do. Clerk of the Peace. Mr.
... 1846 fames Bobanks, Parish
Churchwarden, Tans
ley.

143 Dalbury Lees Green An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain 13 and 14 Vic, c. 8 14 June,
lands pursuant to the fifth annual report of 1849
the Enclosure Commission.

144

145

Bamford, in parish
of Hathersage ...

An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain
lands pursuant to a special report of the
Enclosure Commission.

18 and 19 Vic, c. 56 5 April,
1855

Siddles and Chequers An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain 27 and 28 Vic, c 66 =7 May,
Close ... ... lands pursuant to a special report of the 1864
Enclosure Commission.

Do. do. Clerk of the Peace.

Do. do. Clerk of the Peace.
Parish chest of Hather
sage.
Do. do. Clerk of the Peace.

146 Cheswell, part of the An Act to authorise the enclosure of certain 28 and 29 Vic, c 34 12 Jan.,
parish of Bradwell. lands pursuant to a report of the Enclosure 1865
Commission.

Do. do. Clerk of the Peace. June,
1872.
Vicar and church
wardens of Hope.

>Cflzd

* Date of Provisional Order, July 12.

to

327

GENERAL INDEX.

Act of Supremacy, i. 251
„ of Uniformity, i. 235-237, 251, 316
Aids, royal, ii. 288, 28g
Ale and Beer, excise duty on, li. 1 17-1 ig
„ and Spirits sold in Gaol, u. 26
Alehouses, i. in ; ii. 26, 65, 66, igg, 248-257
Almayne Rivettes, i. 128, 130-147
Anabaptists, i. 339, 343
Antinomians, i. 374, 375
Apostle of the Peak, i. 365
Apprentices, i. 243; ii. 60, 177-180, 214
Archduke's Ambassador, i. 283
Archery, i. 128, 129, 130-147, 159, 160, 217 ;
ii. 78
Armada, i. 152, 153, 241, 267
Armour, i. 127, 130-147, 154, 155, 269, 282,
283, 284, 3og
Arms, falsely assumed, i. 59-62 (n ites)
,, of Bagshawe, i. 7g
„ of England and France, i. 76
„ of John of Gaunt, i. 77
,, on Belper Bridge, ii. 224
Arquebus, i. 216, 221
Arrows, i. 128
Articles of Brownists, i. 318
,, of Misdemeanour, ii. 62-65, 9°
„ XXXIX., i. 317
Ashbourne House of Correction, ii. 32-37
„ Riot at, i. igr
„ Sessions held at, i. 1 1
Ashover, Workhouse at, ii. 171
Assault, ii. 60, 79, 80
Assessments, Poor Law, ii. 140-145
,, to Commonwealth, ii. 114- 116,
284-286
Assize of Arms, i. 127
„ of Bread and Ale, i. 5
,, Ordinary, ii. 56-5g
Attorneys at Quarter Sessions, i. 1 1

Bahinglon, Conspiracy of, i. 98
Badgers, ii. 61, 186, 245-247
Baggage, carriage of, i. 123
Bailiff, of Hundred (or Liberty), i. 27, 114
,, of Tutbury, i. 69
Hakers for the Gaol, ii. g
Bakewell, Riot at, i. 8, 9, 191
I, Sessions at, i. 7
Balance Sheets ofthe County, i 121-124
Bandolier, i. 159, 221
Baptist Minister, i. 296
Baptists, i. 320, 374, 375
,, Chapels, i. 371
Barristers at Quarter Sessions, i. 1 1
Bastardy, ii. 85, 86

Beacons, watching the, i. 22
Beastiality, ii. 38
Benefit of Clergy, ii. 50
Benevolences, i. 241 ; ii. 102-109
Billmen, i. 128, 129, 130-147, 162, 216
Bishop Burghersh's tomb, i. 76
Blackamoor's Head, Ashbourne, i. ii
Blunderbuss, i. 204
Board of Green Cloth, ii. 96-101
Book of Common Prayer, i. 235, 236, 256, 316,
318, 321-324, 336, 343, 348 ; ii. 61
Book of the Sacraments, i. 274
Branding, ii. 50, 51, 53, 152
Brandreth Riots, i. 213 ; ii. 40-43
Breal for Prisoners, i. 122, 123 ; ii. 5-9, 25
Breaking the pound, ii. 61
Breda, Declaration of, i. 291
Bridges, ii. 214-225
,, repair of, i. 122 ; ii. 61
Briefs, Church, i. 376-389
Brigandine, i. 128
Brogues, i. 220
Brownists, i. 317, 318
Bull of Pope Pius V., i. 256
Burning lo death, ii. 39, 87
Butchers' recognizances, ii. 250
Butter, robbery of, ii. 78

Calliver, i. 152, 220, 222
Calvinist Chapel, i. 372
Calvinists, i. 374, 375
Canals, ii. 234
Capital Punishment, ii. 38-43
Carriage of Records, i. lo
Carriers, ii. 223, 236
Case of Edward Hollinshed, i. 391-394
Cattle for the Court, ii. 96-101
„ Plague, ii. 2gi-2g3
Cavalry, Volunteer, i. 209-215
Census of Religions, i. 29i-2g5
Certificates, Sacramental, i. 358, 35g
Chapels, Baptists, i. 371
,, Calvinist, i. 372
„ Dissenting, i. 367-371
,, Independents, i. 370
,, Methodists, i. 371
,, Presbyterian, i. 370
,, Quakers, i. 371
,, Roman Catholic, i. 307, 308, 313-316
Chapel-en le-Frith, Sessions held at, i. 1 1
Chaplains of Gaol, ii. 15-17
Chapmen, ii. 153
Charms, ii. 86-90
Chesterfield, house of correction at, i. 124; ii.
31. 32

328

GENliKAL INDEX.

Chesterfield, Manor of, i. 85, 86
,, plague at, i. 151
,, Sessions at, i. 7-10
Chimney-men, u. 122-124
Church Briefs, i. 376-38g
Churches, Inquests in, i. 79, 391
,, Notices and Meetings in, i. 389-391
,, MiUtia balloting in, i. 391
Churchwardens, i. 161, 168,357, 359, 379, 3go,
393; ii. 85, 167, 172, 226
Civil Disputes, ii. 243, 245
CivU War, The, i. 162-167
Classis (or Classical Assembly) i. 323-335
Clergy, assessed to musters, i. 156-158, i6g,
238-243
Clergy, Benefit of, ii. 50
,, ejected, i. 320, 336
,, List for Derbyshire, i. 245-251
Clerk ofthe Market, i. 71 ; ii. ig6-2o6
,, Peace, i. 19, 26-29, 119, 170, 172;
ii. 169, 261, 270
Close Rolls, ii. 268
Cock Fighting, ii. 257
Coal mine assessment, ii. 145
College of the Immaculate Conception, i. 285
Common Prayer, Book of, i. 235, 236, 256, 316,
318, 321-324, 336, 343, 348 ; ii. 61
Commissioners of Array, i. 21, 181
,, of Enquiry for Jesuits and Semi
naries, i. 270
Commissioners of Subsidies, ii. 94-96
Commissions of Lieutenancy, i. 22
Commonwealth assessments, ii. 114-116,284-286
,, religion under, i. 320-335
Congregationalists, i. 317
Conspiracy of BabiniJton, i. 98
Constable, High (or Hundred), i. 5> 27, 95-104,
114, 122, 161, 281, 283, 287; ii. 61, 103,
221, 223, 246
Constable, Petty, i. 6, 104-113, 122-124, 154,
161, 268, 281, 283, 287-290, 301, 355-357.
390 ; ii. 61, 142, 226
Conventicle Act, i. 291, 348-357
Conveyance of Vagrants, i. 102
Cordevant Gloves, ii. 79
Corn, prices of, ii. 185-195
Coroners, i. 27, 66-g5, 122, 3gi ; U. 201, 283
Corporation and Test Act, i. 358
Correction, Houses of, i. I02, 120, 122, 124 ; ii.
28-38
Corselets, i. 128, 13D-147, 216
Collon mills, ii. 211, 214
Counter, the, in Wood Street, i. 253
County Contingents, i. 215-231
,, CouncUs, i. 51, 117
,, Forces, i. 127-231
,, HaU, i, 12-16. 117; U. 287
,, Property, n. 269
Court Leet, i. 105 ; ii. 275-280
Courts of Ward, i. 78
Crich, workhouse at, i. 124
Criminal offences, ii. 60-62
Cross bows, ii. 81
Crucifix, i. 284, 300 ; ii. 225
"Cry of the oppressed," ii. 19
Cryer ofthe Court, i. 122
Cuirassier, i. 159
Currier, i. 146
Custos Rotulorum, i. ig-21, 28, 65, 116; ii. 74,
261

Dagge, i. 146
Debtors, ii. 17-28, 61
Debtors enlisting, i. 227, 228
Declaration of Breda, i. 2gi
Declaration of Indulgence, i. 306
Deeds enrolled, U. 261-267
Deer leap, n. 147
Demi-lances, i. 128, 238
Deputy Lieutenants, i. 157, 168-180, 184-187,
222 ; ii. 102
Derby House of Correction, ii. 2g-3l.
Directory of Public Worship, i. 321-324.
Disorderly House, ii. 60, 64
Dissenters, Protestant, i. 301-306
Dissenting Protestant Preachers, i. 360-366
Dissolution of Monasteries, ii. 134-136, 237
Docquet Book, i. 20, 23
Uoclors of Divinity, i. 245
Dog and Partridge, Tutbury, i. 83
Dog unmuzzled, ii. 61
Dovebridge, Sessions held at, i. 11
Dragoon, i. I5g
Drapery, stealing of, ii. 7g
Drovers, ii. 61, 245-247
Drummers, i. I5g, 202
Drums, i. 204, 205
Drunkenness, ii. 49, 61
Duchy of Lancaster, i, 70, etc.

Ecclesiastical Commissioners, i. 317
Eckington, Sessions held at, i. 1 1
Ejected Clergy, i. 320, 336
Elizabethan injunctions, i. 244
,, Poor Law, i. 3
Engrossing, ii. 185
Enlisting, i. 223-228, 230
Escheator, i. 71 ; u. 201
Estates of Papists, i. 312, 313
Excise, ii. 116-122
Excommunication, i. 319-345
Execution, i. 259, 260, 263, 318 ; ii. 38-43
Expenses of gibbeting, ii. 45
Falcon Inn, Chesterfield, Sessions held at, i., 11
False weights, ii. 61, 121
Fasiing in Lent, ii., 250, 251
Fast, monthly, ii. 116
,, Presbyterian, i. 331
Felons, prosecution of, i. 123
,, transportation of, i. 124; ii. SI-5S
Feodary, i. 71 ; ii. 201
Fifes, i. 204, 205
Fines on Recusants, i. 278, 283
Fines under Conventicle Acts, i. 351-356
Fire, damage by, ii. 294, 295
Firelocks, i. 159
Flax, ii. 209, 210
Fleet Prison, i. 252
Flogging, n. 46-48, 157 .. , „
Flogging of Women, i. 340; 11., 46-48
Forcible entry, ii. 60
Ford at Duffield, ii. 218
,, over LathkiU, ii. 223
Forestalling, ii., 185
Forgery ii. , 38
Frank-almoigne, i. 74
Frank-pledge, ii. 275
Free Gifts, i. 241 ; ii. 106
,, Masons, ii. 298

GENERAL INDEX.

329

Friends, Society of,i. 301-306, 338-347, 366-368,
374. 375
Friendly Societies, ii. 297
Funeral of Earl of Shrewsbury, ii. 136
Furious driving, ii. 61
Fyrd, i. 127

Gamekeepers, ii. 82, 271-275
Game Law Offences, i. iii ; ii. 60, 81, 82
Gander snatching, ii. 61
Gaol at Chesterfield, ii. 20
Gaol at Derby, i. 118, 252, 259, 260, 263, 265,
266, 270, 297, 298-300, 340-346 ; ii. 2-14,
20-22, 149
Gaol, Repairs to, i. 123
„ at Leicester, i. 298, 29g
Gaoler, i. 122-124, 345 . "• 4. 12, 1415
Gaolers, women, ii. 10, 30
Garden of County Hall, i. 13-14
Gate House prison, i. 276
Geldings, i. 130
Geese in Gaol, ii. 27
General Musters, i. 128-154
Gibbeting, ii. 43-45
Gorget, i. i5g
Government Spy, ii. 41
Graduates, i. 245-251
Grand Jury, i. 117, 118, 301; ii. 58, 136
" Great News from Derbyshire," i. 2g7
Green Man, Ashbourne, i. 205
Greyhounds, i. in ; ii. 8l
Guide-posts, ii. 229
"Guinea-pigs," ii. 128
Gunpowder, i. 153, 156-158
,, MUls, ii. 2gg
„ Plot, i. 279-283

Haberdasher, ii. 80
Habitations, ii. 172-177
Hair-powder, ii. 127-129
Halbert, i. 128, 130-147, 216, 220
Hanging, ii. 38-43, 87
Haquebut, i. 128, 130-147
Hawking-bag, ii. 79
Hearlh Money, ii. 122-124
Herap, ii. 209, 210
Higglers, ii. 153
High Commission Court, i. 317
High Treason, i. 259, 260, 263, 318; ii. 38,
„. 40-43. 63, 73
Highway Robbery, ii. 38
Highways, ii. 61, 225-234
Horn of Pusey, i. 74
,, of Tutbury, i. 70, 73-78
„ of Ulphus, i. 74
„ Tenures, i. 73, 74
Horse-slaughterers, ii. 295
Horse-stealing, ii. 38, 77
House-breaking, ii. 38, 60
Houses, Inhabited, i. 231
Houses of Correction, i. 102, 120, 122, 124: ii
„ 23-38
Houses on the Waste, ii. 172-177
Hucksters, ii. 153, 245-247
Hundred of Appletree, Lease of, i. 92
., Gresley ,, i. 92
,, Repton ,, i. 92
Hundreds, Meetings of, ii. 107-109

Hung, Drawn, and Quartered, i. 261, 263, 266 ;
ii. 4043
Huns^ in Chains, ii. 43-45

Immorality, ii. 85, 86
Inclosures, ii. 195
,, Awards, u. 269, 271, 305-325
Independents, i. 317, 320, 337, 338, 374, 375
„ Chapels, i. 370
Indictments, ii. 60
Indulgence, Declaration of, i. 306
Information, ii. 60
Inhabited Houses, i. 231
Inns, Inquests at, i. 79
,, Offences at, i. in
,, Quarter Sessions held at, i. 11
Inquests, i. 79-83
,, at Public-houses, i. 79
,, at Churches, i. 79, 82, 391
,, on Sunday, i. 79
Inspection of Cotton Mills, ii. 211-214
Israelites, i. 374-376

Jerusalemites, i. 374, 375
Jesuits, i. 282, 285-287, 290, 296, 2g7
Jesuits and Seminaries, i. 270, 271
Jurors, i. 27, 114-iig; ii. ig7, 276
Justices of Assize, i. 5, 266 ; ii. 3, 58, 189
Justices of the Peace, i. 5, 20, 30-50, 209, 236,
243, 266, 280, 301, 307, 319, 348, 349, 355-
.357,379; ii- 18,99-101, log, 152, i8g
Justices of the Peace, Wages of, i. 30 ; ii. 3

Keepers' Fees for Venison, i. 123
Keepers of Houses of Correction, i. 122 ;
28-38
King's Bench, i. 124
King's Head, Derby, i. 11

Labourers, Statute of, i. 5
Larceny, ii. 60, 61, 76-7g
Lead Ore, Robbery of, ii. 78
Leather, Tax on, n. 120-122
Licensed Preachers, i. 23g, 244-251
Licenses to Schoolmasters, i. 391
,, Midwives, i. 391
Light Horse, i. 128-151
Loans and Benevolences, ii. 102-109
Local Militia, i. 207-209
Lord Lieutenant, i. 19-25, 147, 168, 181, 183,
259, 264, 266, 270, 271, 274, 279, 281, 283,
284, 309 ; ii. 102, 301
Luddite Riots, i. 213
Lunacy, u. 88, 180, 181

Magazines for Corn, ii. 189
Maimed Soldiers, i. gg, loi, 160 168
Manor Courts, ii. 275
Mariners, i. 160
Marlborough Head, Derby, i. 16
Marriage by Presbyterian Minister, i. 3g3
Marriage in Gaol, ii. I4g
Marshalsea, i. lor, 102, 124
Martyrdom of Priests, i. 25g-26i
Mass, i. 284, 2g7, 298, 307, 311, 313. 315
Matchlock, i. 181

330

GENERAL INDEX.

Meal Tax, ii. Il6
Meetings in Church, i. 38g-3gi
Methodist Chapels, i. 371
Methodists, New Connexion, 374, 375
„ Primitive, 374, 375
Methodist Wesleyan, i. 372, 377
Midwives, Licenses to, i. 391
Mihtia, i. 127, 155, 181-193, 207-209, 397-401
Balloting, i. 8
„ „ in Church, i. 391
,, Substitutes, i. 123
Misdemeanour, ii. 62, 65, go
Moderator, i. 331-334
Monthly Fast, ii. 116
Moravians, i. 373
Morions, i. 128, 130-147, 220
Morris Pike, i. 140
Mounted Rifles, i. 215
Muggletonians, i. 343, 373-375
Murder, ii. 38
Music Master, ii. 7g
Musketeer, i. 181
Muskets, i. 152, 158, 159, 203, 222
Musters, General, i. 128-154
Mutes Pressed to Death, ii. 39, 40.

New Hall, i. 12
Nonconformists before the Commonwealth, i.
3i6-3ig
Nonconformists under the Commonwealth, i.
320-335
Nonconformists, recent returns, 1. 372-377
Non-jurors, i. 310
Notices and Meetings in Church, i. 38g-3gi
Nuisances, ii. 61

Order of James I. to Justices, i. 4
Ordinary at the Assizes, ii. 56-5g
Ordination, i. 337, 338
Organ of All Saints', i. 15
Outlawry, i. 67, 68, 88, 8g
Overseers, i. 166, 168, 357, 390, 393 ; ii. 61
137-139. i,sg-i68

Pack-horse bridges, ii. 221-223
Pack-horse roads, ii. 234
Papists' Estates, i. 312-313
Parish Vestry, i. 105
Patent Rolls, i. 20, 23
Pedlars, ii. 80, 200
Pensions to Soldiers, i. 162-168
Perjury, ii. 48, 61, 65
Petition of Right, ii. 109
Petitions for Relief, ii. 159-168
,, of Prisoners, ii. 5-7, 24
Pewter, robbery of, ii. 78
Pheasants, snaring of, ii. 81
Pillory, i. 308 ; ii. 48
Pipe Rolls, i. 52
Plague at Chesterfield, i. 151
Plague at the Gaol, ii. 5
Players of Interludes in County HaU, i. 15
Plea Rolls, ii. 268
Plot, Gunpowder, i. 279-283
Plot of Titus Oates, i. 296-301
Police Force, i. 113
Polling districts, ii. 301
Poor Law, ii. 133-181

Poor Law Assessment, ii. 140-145
,, Amendment Acts, ii. 37, 145, 172
,, Elizabethan, i. 4
Pope Pius v.. Bull of, i. 256
Popish Trinkets, i. 298, 300
Post Stage for Derby, ii. 289-291
Pound, breaking the, ii. 61
Preachers, Licensed, i. 239, 244, 251
Preachers, Protestant Dissenting, i. 360-366
Precepts, Sheriffs', i. 65, 6g, 1 14
Presbyterians, i. 320-335. 337. 338, 342, 343,
360-366 ; ii. 69
Presbyterian Chapels, i. 370
Presbyterian Congregation, Disturbance of, i.
339. 347 , , ^
Presentment, u. 60, 63-65
Pressed to Death, ii. 39, 40
Prices of Corn, ii. i85-ig5
Priests, executed, i. 259, 260
Prisoners, whipping of, i. 122-124
Private Soldiers, i. 1 59
Privy Council, i. 236, 238, 253, 254, 255, 268,
270, 271, 274, 280. 296, 309, 355 ; 11. 73.
94, 103-105, 152, 185-195
Privy Seal, i. 19, 24 ; ii. 103-105
Protestant Dissenters, i. 301-306
Provincial Synods, i. 324
Provost Marshal, i. loi
Public Worship, Directory of, i. 321-324
Purveyors, ii. 96-101
Pusey, Horn of, i. 74

Quakers, i. 301-306, 338-347, 360, 366-368, 374,
375
Quakers' chapels, i. 371
Quarter Sessions, origin of, i. 3
,, place of holding, i. 7-11
Quarlerinu', i. 261, 263
Queen's Bench, i. 102

Railways, ii. 235
Rape, ii. 38
Rates of carriage, ii. 236
,, wages, ii. 237, 242
Recognizances, ii. 248-253
Recusants, i. 5, 155, 194
„ under Elizabeth, i. 251-276
„ under the Stuarts, i. 277-2go
,, after the Restoration, i. 291-316
Recusant Fines, i. 278
Red Lion, Bakewell, i. n
Regrating, ii. 185
Religion under Commonwealth, i. 320-335
Religious Census, i. 291-295
Rent-charge roll, ii. 268
Restoration, i. 3'55-338, ii. 68
Retreat of 1745, i. 193, 198, 310, 311 ; ii 75
Rick-burning, ii. 38
Riot at Bakewell, i. 8-9, igi
,, Ashbourne, i. igr
,, Wirksworth, i. igi
Riots, Brandreth, i. 213 ; ii. 40-43
,, Luddite, i. 213
Road-making, ii. 221
Robbery from Clerk of Peace, i. 10
Rogues, Vagabonds, and Vagrants, ii. 151-159
Roman Catholic Chapels, i. 307, 308, 213-316
,, ,, Justices, i. 307

GENERAL INDEX.

331

Sabbath Day offences, i. 1 1 1
Sacraments, Book of, i. 274
Sacramental Certificates, i. 358, 359
Sallels, i. 128, 130-147
Sandemanians, i. 374-376
Sawley, Liberty (or Hundred) of, i. 96, 97
School at Stanley Grange, i. 286
School House at Swarkeston, u. 287
Schoolmasters, Licenses to, i. 391 ; ii. 61
Sedition, ii. 65-75
Seminaries and Jesuits, i. 270, 271
Serjeantry, i. 74
Serjeants, i. 159
Settlement and Removal, ii. 146, 151
Shardlow, Workhouse at, ii. 172
Sheep Stealing, ii. 38, 60, 61, 62, 76-79
Sheriff, i. 21, 22, 27, 50-66, 114, 281, 357;
ii. 56-59, no- 1 13
Sheriff's Expenses, i. 63 ; li. 56-59
Sheriffs' Precepts, i. 65, 69, 114
,, Panels, i. 87, 105, 115
Ship Money, i. 241 ; ii. 96, log- 1 14
Shire Hall, i. 12
Snaring of Pheasants, ii. 81
Socinians, i. 334, 335
Soldiers, Maimed, i. gg, loi, 160-168
„ Trained, i. gg, 100, 154, 281
Stapenhill, Sessions held at, i. 1 1
Statute of Labourers, i. 5
Statute of Westminster, i. 67
Statute of Winchester, i. g7
„ of Vagabonds, ii. 135, 152, 168
Sfipendiary Priest, i. 242
Slocks, I, 104, in, 341 ; u. 48-50, 83, 151
Straw for felons, i. 124 ; ii. 5, 11
Slurges Bourne Act, i. 3gi
Subsidies, ii., 93-96
Suit rolls, ii. 280
Sunday, Inquests on, i. 79
Surgeon, i. 164
Surgeon of Gaol, i. 122; n. 17
Surveyors of Highways, ii. 226-234
Swailers, ii. 61, 198-200, 245-247
Swearing, ii. 61, 83-85
Synods, Provincial, i. 324

Tanners, ii., 120-122
Targets, i. 203, 220
Tax on Leather, ii. 120-122
Tenures by Horn, i. 73, 74
Theatrical representations, ii. 296
Thirdborrow, i, 108-110
TidesweU House of Correction, ii. 34, 37
Tinkers, ii. 153
titus Oates Plot, i. 296-301
Toleration Act, i. 360-372
Tower, the, i. 252, 256
Trained Bands, i. 154-156
Trained Soldiers, i. 99, 100, 154, 281
•Transportation of felons, i. 124 ; ii. 51-55
Transportation of Quakers, i. 341
Treasure trove, i. 67
Treasurer, County, i. 1 19-124, 161
Treesin Shire HaU yard, i. 16
Trespass, ii. 60
Tulhury, Honor of, i. 6g, 92, 93 ; ii. 196
Tything, i. 127

Ulphus, Horn of, i. 74
Uniform of Volunteers, i. 200, 202
,, Yeomanry, i. 213
,, troops for Ireland, i. 217, 220
Uniformity, Act of, i. 235, 237, 316
Union Chargeability Act, ii. 145
Unitarians, i. 320, 334, 335, 360, 374, 375
Unmuzzled Dog, ii. 61
Usury, ii. 61

Vagabonds, Statute of, U. 135, 152, 168
Vagrants, i. 122-124, '33 ! ii- '51-159
„ Conveyance of, i. 102; ii. 157-159
Venetians (breeches), i. 220
Venison, Keepers' fees for, i. 123
Ventilating Gaol, ii. n
Vestments, i. 297, 298, 300
Vestry, Parish, i. 105
Virgin Inn, Derby, i. 11
Volunteer Cavalry, i. 209-215
Volunteers of 1745, i- 193-198
,, 1800, i. 198-206, 402-418
,, Modern, i. 206

Wafers, Box of, i. 297
Wages, Rate of, ii. 236-242
"Wakeman's Horn," i. 78
Watch and Ward, i. no, 281 ; ii. 60
Watching the Beacons, i. 22
Water for the Gaol, ii. 8
Weights and Measures, ii. 61, 206-208
Well, Common, ii. 229
Wesleyan Methodists, i. 372-377
Westminster Assembly, i. 321
Whipping of Rogues and Vagabonds, i. 282 ; ii.
157
Whipping of Women, i. 340
,, Posts, ii. 48
,, Prisoners, i. 122-124
White Hart, Derby, i. n
Whitewashing Gaol, ii. 11
Window Tax, i. 124; ii. 124-126
Winster, Workhouse at, ii. 169, 170
Wirksworth, Classis al, i. 324-335
,, House of Correction, ii. 37
,, Riot at, i. 191
, , Sessions at, i. 7
Witchcraft and Charms, ii. 86-90
Women as Constables, i. 112
,, Burnt to Death, ii. 39, 87
,, Gaolers, n. 10, 30
Hung, ii. 38
,, Overseers, ii. 136
,, Whipping of, i. 340 ; ii. 46-48
Wool, Pulling off Live Sheep, ii. 61
Wool-winders, ii. 210
Workhouse at Crich, i. 124
Workhouses, ii. 168-172

Yeomanry, i. 209-215
Yew Tree, Culling Boughs of, ii. 68

332

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

[The following index does not include the names of the alphabetical list of Justices on pp. 33-50,
Vol. i., nor the names mentioned on pp. 52-64, 105-107, 130-149, 163-168, 172-180, 195-197,
220-228, 245-251, 287-290, 292-295, 302-306, 349-357. 367-371. 397-4'8, Vol. i. ; and
pp. 22-24, 56, 57. 96-98, 199. 200, 202, 203, 217-220, 263-267, 272-275, 305-325, Vol. ii.]

Abel, John, i. 278 ; Rowland, i. 278
AbeU, Edward, i. 88
Abergavenny, Lord, i. 286
Abney, Edward, ii. 59; James, i. 152; ii. 66,
67 ; Sir Thomas, i. 15, 92 ; Thomas, ii. 53,
54
Acton, Robert, i. 280
Adams, James, i. 191, 351 ; Thomas, i. 80
Adderley, Charles, i. 32, 83 ; ii. 201 ; John, i.
28, 32, 78-81, 93, 119, 183, 309, 352, 355,
356; u. 196-199, 200, 201, 219, 229, 275,
276, 278, z8o
Adlington, Thomas, i. 87
Agard, Catherine, i. 71, 72, 83 ; ii. 201 ;
Charles, i. 71, 72, 79, 83, 218, 337 ; ii. 80,
201; Clement, i. 70; Dorothy, i. 71, 72;
Sir Henry, i. 70-72, 79 ; Henry, ii. 5, 14,
107-109, 190, 191, 196; Johes, i. IIS ; John,
i. 70-72, 79, 158 ; ii. 216 ; Nicholas, i. 70,
77 ; Richard, i. 76 ; Thos., i. 70 ; Vere,
i. 71, 72, 83 ; ii. 201 ; Walter, i. 69, 73,
76; 'VVUliam, i. 70; 'WiUs, i. 115
Akrode, Mr. John, i. loi
Alcocke, William, ii. 146
Aldrich, Robert, i. 95
AJington, John, i. 52
Allen, Capt., i. 284 ; Dr., i. 267 ; Edward, i.
332, 333 ; George, i. 359
AUestry, Roger, i. 28
Alley ne, Anne, i. 312
AUsabrooke, Sara, ii. 244
Allsibrooke, Henry, ii. 6!} ; Sarah, ii. 165
Allsop, Charles, ii. 299
Allsoppe, Rowland, ii. 81 ; Will, i. 108
Almond, Mr., i. 124
Alsop, Cristoferus, i. 115; Georgius, i. 115;
llumf., ii. 108 ; Robtus, i. 81 ; Thomas, ii.
82, 113; Wm., ii. 108
Alsope, La\vrence, i. 96
Amot, Richard, ii. 243
Ancoke, Ann, ii. 89 ; Thomas, ii. 89
Anderson, Sir Edward, ii. 187
Anne, E. L. S., i. 208
Arkwright, Peter, i. 113, 208 ; Robert, i. 208
Arlington, Earl of, ii. 69, 72
Arnold, Richard, ii. 197 ; Robert, ii. 197
Arthur, George, ii. 77
Ash, Daniel, i. 359 ; Nathaniel, ii. 253
Ashby, Francis, i. 123, 209
Ashe, Thomas, i. 28
Ashenhurst, RandaU, i. 100, loi ; ii. 115, 191

Ashley, Francis, i. 188
Ashmore, Thomas, ii. 165
Ashton, IJenjamin, ii. 59, 220, 221 ; Mr. Justice,
i. 344, 345 ; Robert, ii. 124, 251 ; William,
i. 80, 336
Aspenhurst, Ralph, ii. 251
Atkins, Lady, ii. 52
Atkinson, Anthony, i. 271
Atterbury, L., ii. 25
Attleborough, Margaret, ii. 165
Aulton, Wm., ii. 246
Ayres, Mrs., i. 276
Ayshe, Henry, i. 270

Babb, Richard, u. 149-150
Babington, Anthony, i. 98, 273
Bache, Wm., ii. 82
Baggot, Mr., i. 58
Bagnall, Sir Samuel, i. 219
Bagnold, ii. Mr., 217; John, i. 28, 29; ii. 6;
Wm., ii. 138, 143
Bagshaw, Ad., i. 98 ; Margaret, ii. 25 ; Richard,
ii. 257 ; Samuel, i. 171 ; Thos., i. 218
Bagshawe, ii. 247 ; Adam, i. 390; Capt, i. 163;
Daniel, i. Si ; Gervase, i. 313 ; Henry, i.
270 ; Johes, i. 81 ; Mary C. A,, i. 73 ;
Matthew, ii. 173; Oliver, i. 278; Richard,
ii. 26, 35, 36, 48, 244 ; Samuel, i. 33. 79.
390 ; Thomas, ii. 37, 206 ; W. H. Greaves,
i- 32, 69, 73, 74, 79. 84, 171; ii- 26;
WiUiam, i. 319, 353, 364, 365; u. 139;
William John, i. 113
Bailee, Francis, ii. 251
Bainbridge, Robert, i. 97, 272, 273
Bainbrigg, William, i. 88, 89
Bainbrigge, Robert, ii. 95
Baker, Joseph, ii. 256
Balguy, C. St. J., i. 209 ; Henry, n. 219, 220;
John, i. 103, 104, 1 13, 383, 384 ; Mr., ii.
138, 300
BaU, Johes, i. 81 ; Nicholas, i. 352 ; Thomas,
i-97
Ballidon, John, ii. 62
Bamford, ii. 41
Banckcroft, Ralph, ii. 287
Banerat, Tho., ii. 142
Barber, Henry, u. 141 ; John, i. 29, 80, 359 ;
Roger, ii. 7, 68; Rev. WUliam, i. 199;
Wm., ii. 212, 213
Barbor, Sara, ii. 68

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

333

Barclay, Robert, i. 376
Bardell, Mary, ii. 64
Batgh, John, i. 380
Barham, Nicholas, n. 4
Barker, A. Auriol, i. 388; Anne, n. 159; Ed
ward, ii. 70 ; Francis, ii. 124 ; George, i.
80; John, i. 386, 387; Joseph, ii. 179;
Richard, i. 278; Samuel, u. 75 ; Wm., n.
142
Barley, Dorothy, i. 268 ; Fr., i. 268 ; Robert, i.
268 ; Sylla, i. 268
Bailee, John, i. 108, 109
Barlow, George, i. 380 ; Thomas, i. 263, 278
Barnes, A. G., i. 208 ; David, i. i ig ; Edward,
ii. 296; John, ii. 296; John Gorell, i. 208
Barnsley, Aaron, n. 214 ; Mr., i. 285
Barnell, William, i. 1 18
Barney, Henry, i. 278
Baron, George, ii. 294
Barrel, John, i. 362
Barrow, Henry, i. 317, 318 ; Joseph, i. 123
Barschol, M. de, i. 283
Barton, Michael, i. 32 ; Nath., i. 339, 345
Barwell, William, u. 105
Bass, Michael, ii. 299
Bassett, Wm., ii. 94, 95, 102
Bate, Jas. , ii. 295 ; Richard, ii. 5g ; William, ii.
295
Bateman, ii. 247 ; Charnell, i. go-g3 ; F. O. F.,
i. 214 ; Hugh, i. 28 ; John, i. 90 ; ii. 232 ;
Mr., i. 122 ; Robert, ii. 113 ; WiUiam, go
Bates, Ann, ii. 278
Balhurst, Henry, i. 210; Lord, ii. 177
Baxter, Henry, ii. 141 ; John, ii. 4, 14 ; Mr., i.
320 ; Richard, i. 33g
Bayley, Mary, ii. 3g ; Rev. Nicholas, ii. 16, 213
, Bayly, L. G,, i. 209
Beanes, Richard, i. 336
Bearcrofl, Thomas, i. 336, 337
Beardsley, Parnell, ii. 84 ; 'William, u. 84
Beare, Ellen, ii. 48
Beaumont, Lord, i. 299
Beckes, Christopher, i. 359
Beckwith, Mr. Thos., F.S.A., ii. 293
Bee, Francis, i. 352
Beech, Sarah, ii. 149
Beeley, John, ii. 212
Beemonl, Robert, i. 309
Beerley, Robert, ii. 287
Beeslon, Francis, i. 359 ; John, ii. 126
Beighton, James, ii. 62
Belcher, Johes, i. 82
Bell, Anthony, i. 237 ; James, i. 271
Bembrigge, Ricus, i. 81
Benbrigge, John, i. 66
Bennet, Sir Henry, n. 6g, 70 ; Richard, ii. 160
Bennett, Edward, i. 108 ; ii. 191 ; Francis Grey,
I. 84 ; George, i. 335 ; Gervase, i. 27, 339,
340; li. 84, 88-go, 153, i74 ; John, i. 335,
305 ; n- 213 ; Josh., n. 213 ; Robert, i. 27,
28, 84; Samuel, n. 61 ; William, ii. 46
Bent, Thomas, i. 103, 104
Bentinck, Lord H. C, i. 214; Lord W. A.
Cavendish, i. 2og; Wm., Duke of Portland,
i. 86
Bentley, Edward, i. 253, 254, 26g, 275 ; family,
l; '55 ; Sir John, ii. g5, gg, loi, 187 ; Mr.,
u. 4
Bentney, Father, i. 2g8
Beresford, Francis, ii. 33 ; Humphrey, i. 265
Berisford, John, ii. 5g

Berry, Thomas, ii. 158
Besse, i. 340, 341, 345, 346
Bettis, Roger, i. iig
Biddle, John, i. 335
Billing, Joseph, i. 382
Billingsley, John, i. 336
Bingham, John, i. 312
Birch, Mary, ii. 165 : Mr., i. 103 ; William, i.
123
Bishop, John, i. 382
Blackborne, Launcellott, i. 275
Blackeshaw, Francis, ii. 255
Blackman, Mr., i. 275
Blackshaw, Godfrey, i. 108 ; Henry, i. log ;
WiUiam, i. 334 ; n. 160
Blackwall, Johes, i. 115 ; John, i. 208; William,
ii. 104, 105
Blackwell, William, ii. 16
Blande, John, ii. 25
Blaydan, George, i. 164
Blencowe, Thomas, ii. 52, 53
Blick, Edward, i. 385
Blore, Robert, ii, 296
Blount, Sir Edward, i. 312; Sir Pope, ii. in :
Father Richard, i. 285 ; Richard, ii. 7
Bludworth, Edrus, i. 115
Blyth, John, i. io8 ; William, i. 108, 109
Boden, George, i. 218 ; W., i. 214
Bolron, Johes, i. 115
Bond, Thomas, ii. 125
Booth, Bartholomew, ii. 61 ; Wm., ii. 108
Boothby, Brook, i. 89; Sir Brooke, ii. 51, 150,
151, 223 ; Justice, i. 345 ; Sir WUliam, i.
65, 66, 301 ; ii. 219
Boothe, George, ii. 174 ; Thomas, ii. 174
Bore, George, i. 312 ; John, i. 107 ; Mary, i. 312
Borrow, Isaac, i. 15 ; ii. 75
Borrowes, Mr. Justice, ii. 50
Borrows, Thomas, ii. 232
Bosseville, Godfray, i. 237
Bossley, Mr., i. 8
Boston, William, ii. 197
Bosworth, George, ii. 179
Botkin, Henry, i. 312
Bott, Thomas, i. 123
Bould, John, u. 287 ; Thomas, ii. 287
Bourne, Immanuel, i. 108, 365
Bovinly, Widow, ii. 278
Bowden, George, i. 281 ; William, ii. 187
Bowdon, John, i. 312; Mary, i. 312
Bower, Francis, i. 108 ; John, U. 178 ; Mr., i.
123; Richd., i. 82; Willus, i. 82
Bowers, Thomas, i. 341
Bowes, Sir Edward, i. 218
Bowne, George, ii. 32
Bradburn, Humfre, i. 237
Bradburne, Sir Humphrey, ii. 187 ; Lady, ii. 104
Bradbury, Ed., ii. 25 ; Thomas, i. 382
Braddock, Thomas, ii. 25
Bradley, Anthony, i. 81 ; Avice, i. 81 ; Henry,
i. 81 ; ii. 113 ; Martha, U. 108
Bradshaw, Francis, i. 200, 201 ; ii. igo, 191 ;
John, ii. 10, 59 ; Joseph Baggaley, i. 62 ;
Rev. Joseph, i. 199, 200
Bradshawe, Amos, ii. 62 ; Edward, i. 257 ; Wil
liam, ii. 32
Brailsford, Mr. Samuel, i. 103
Bramhall, Bishop, i. 320
Bramley, Esabela, ii. 246
Bramwell, Abigail, ii. 86
Brandreth, James, ii. 41, 42

334

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Brandwood, Thomas, ii. 7g
Braylsford, Archilaus, ii. 176
Brebys, William, ii. 249
Breirly, \YUI, ii. 27g
Breni, Francis, i. 312; Margaret, i. 312
Brereton, Edward, ii. 142; William, i. 21S
Bretland, George, ii. 32
Brewere, WUliam, i. 85, 86
Brewsby, George, i. 29
Brian, Lewis, i. 310
Bridgford, Edward, ii. 279
Briggs, Anne, ii. 159; Elizabeth, ii. 159; George,
ii. 159 ; Richard, i. 34
Brindley, James, ii. 234 ; John, ii. 163
Bristow, Sam., i. 171
Brittlebank, Kath., i. 278
Bro.adbothom, William, i. 108
Brocksop, Anthony, i. 340
Brocktim, Edward, i. 107
Brodhurst, George, ii. 113
Bromehead, John, i. 312
Brook, Sir BasU, i. 285 ; Capt. Howard, ii. 166
Brooke, Lawrance, ii. 64 ; Nicholas, i. 337
Brookes, Henry, i. 80
Brother, Joseph, ii. 62
Brough, Gervase, i. 88, 99, 100 ; Gervasius, i.
115; J., ii. 223; VV., ii. 25
Broughton, Edward, i. 123
Prounker, Sir Henry, i. 154
Brown, Job., i. 323 ; Mr., i. 215 ; Thomas, ii. 32
Browne, Edward, ii. 33 ; George, ii. 67 ; Ger
vase, ii. 77 ; Henry, i. 211 ; John, ii. 257 ;
Milesent, u. 67 ; Nicholas, ii. 107-iog, 187 ;
Rand., i. 336; Richard, ii. 165; Robt, i.
317; Tho., ii. 5g ; Capt. Walter, i. 220,
221 ; William Cave, i. 211
Brunt, Jonathan, ii. 138
Bryan, Thomas, i. 82
Buckberry, Samuel, ii. 66, 67
Buckehurst, T., i. 270
Buckley, WiUiam, u. 105, 108
Bucknall, WUIs, i. 115
Bucks, Mrs., i. 278
Buckstone, Humphrey, i. 278
Budden, J., i. 209
BuUock, Dr., i. 122 ; James, ii. 288 ; Jo., u. 76-
78, 107-109, 191
BuUoke, James, i. 13, 336; WiUiam, ii. 288
Bunnys, Robert, ii. 291
Bunting, Johes, i. 115
Buntinge, Edward, i. 108 ; John, i. lo8
Burdett, Sir Thomas, u. 107, 109, 191
Burgess, George, ii. 214
Burghersh, Bishop, i. 76
Burghley, Lord, i. 217 ; ii. 105 ; Wm., i. 257 ;
W., ii. 187
Burrhouse, Thomas, i. 108
Burrow, John, ii. 21
Burrowes, Henry, ii. 142
Burton, Francis, i. 301 ; Georgius, i. 115 ; Henry,
ii. 200; Johes, i. 81 ; John, i. 112, 346;
Michael, i. 121; u. 121; Radus, i. 115;
Robt., i. i8g
Busby, Charles George, i. 87 ; Charles Stanhope
Burke, i. 29, 87 ; Father George, i. 296-301,
345
Rutland, George, i. 123
Butler, Joseph, ii. 235 ; S., D.D., i. 3SS
Butterley Company, The, ii. 300
Buxston, John, i. 96

Buxton, Arthur, ii. 33 ; Dan., i. 336 ; Edmund
i. 336; Edward, ii. 37; Francus, L 81'
German, u. 80, 82, 243, 244 ; Germane, i'
333; Germanus, i. 115; Gervase, i. 351-
Hambleton, ii. 46; Henry, l 88, 89, 3:.'
334 ; John, i. 88, 351 ; Richard, i. 333, y, '¦
Ricus, i. 81 ; Robert, i. 353 1 ii- 33 ; Thomas,
I. 115 ; Winefrid, u. 21
Byard, Thomas, i. 82
Byfield, Adoniram, i. 321, 322

Cade, Abraham, ii. 32
Caine, Edward, i. in
Calamy, Dr., i. 361
Calowe, Edward, ii. 63
Calton, George, i. 121 ; William, ii. 65
Cam, Robt., i. 278
Campion, Father, i. 258
Canner, Geo., u. 294 ; Widow, ii. 294 ; William,
ii. 294
Cant, Jo., i. 270
Cantrell, Johes, i. 115; John,i. 123; Josephus,
i. 82 ; Mr., i. 291 ; Ralph, ii. 141 : Richard,
ii. 25 ; \V., i. 314 ; William, ii. 33
Canton, John, u. 254 ; Thomas, ii. 254
Capps, William, i. 8g
Carlile, Thomas, ii. 46
Carlisle, William, i. 385, 388
Carnell, Allen, i. 88
Carpenter, Alice, ii. 90; Wm., ii. 60
Carrier, Richard, i. 241
Carrington, Eleanor, ii. 165; Juhes, i. 115;
Samuel, ii. 65
Carter, Edward, ii. 294 ; John, i. 87, 102, 336 ;
ii. 207; Mr., i. 122, 124
Carryer, Richard, ii. 107-109
Cartlcdge, Thomas, i. 108, 109
Catesby, Robert, i. 279, 280 ; Thomas, ii. 143 ;
Sir William, i. 279
Cathcart, General, i. 83
Catherwood, J. J., u. 194
Caulton, Thomas, ii. 69, 70
Cavendish, Lord Edward, i. 208 ; Lord George,
i. 171, 172, 185-189; Rt. Hon. Geo. Augus
tus, i. 25; Henry,!. 11, 21, 1S3; ii. 59;
James, ii. 121 ; Lord, i. 24, 86, 280, 2S3 ;
Lord Wm., ii. 31, g4, 95, 99, 104; Sir Wil
liam, i. 273 ; William, Duke of Devonshire,
i. 25 ; William, Earl of Devonshire, i. 24,
25 ; William, Earl of Newcastle, i. 24, 86 ;
William, Marquis of Newcastle, i. 21
Cawverd, James, i. 163
Cecil, Sir William, i. 252
Chadwick, James, ii. 251 ; Thoina,s, ii. 214
Challinor, William, i. 108
Chaloner, J., i. 315
Chamberlaine, John, i. 336 ; Sam., ii. 55
Chamberlayne, Thomas, u. 64
Chambers, George, i. 278; Lancelot, i. 211;
Thomas, ii. 155 ; William, ii. 125
Chantry, Richard, i. 362 ; Robert, i. 362
Chapleyne, Thomas, i. 115
Chapman, Elizabeth, ii. 156 ; Humphrey, i. 344;
John, u. 156; Mary, ii. 156; Richard, i.
244
Charge, John, i. 29, 33, 91, 103, 208, 315
Charleton, Ralph, i. 96
Charlton, Edward, ii. 115; Elizabeth, i. 313;
John, i. 336 ; Mr. Justice, i. 298
Charnells, Thomas, i. 28

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

335

Chalterton, John, i. 121
Chawner, Elizabeth, ii. 66 ; Rev. John, n. 213 ;
Mr., i. 103, 122; Thomas, i. 117; William,
ii. 66
Cheetham, Thomas, 11. 35, 36, 48
Cheney, Robert, i. 210
Cheshire, Gilbert, i. 62 ; Thomas, ii. 226
Chesterfield, P., ii. 240
Chevyn, Robert, n. 2g4
Chiosso, James, ii. 2gg
Chowlerton, John, ii. I7g
Clare, Earl of, i. 86
Clarke, Chas., i. 113; Daniel, ii. 81 ; Edward,
ii. 120; George, ii. 77 ; Sir Gilbert, i. 183 ;
Gilbert, ii. 59,; Godfrey, i. 346 ; u. 95, 250,
251; Margaret, ii. 174; Ralph, ii. 65, 115,
161, 162; Richard, ii. 289; Smerwick, ii.
Claughlon, Josiah, i. 119
Clay, Clare, i. 112 ; John, i. 82 ; ii. 27
Claye, John, ii. 105
Clayton, James, i. 265, 266 ; Richard, ii. 90
Clement VI., i. 277
Clench, Mr. Justice, ii. 187
Clerke, Johes, i. 115
Clifford, Lord, i. 312, 358
Clifton, George, i. 312
Clitheroe, Margaret, u. 40
Clover, Thomas, u. 294
Clowes, Johes, i. 115
Clowne, John, u. 48
Coachman, Ezechiell, i. 336, 337
Coape, Henry, ii. 59
Coales, Peter, i. 332-334
Cockaine, Mr. Asten, ii. 243; Mrs., ii. 243;
Thomas, i. 352 ; 'William, i. 352
Cockayne, Sir Thomas, i. 216, 269 ; Thomas,
i. 117
Cocker, Hugh, ii. 141
Cockrara, Eleanor, i. 123
Cokayne, Anne, ii. 32 ; Francis, i. 152, 336 ;
Matthew, u. 44; Mrs., i. 218; Sir Thomas,
i. 152 ; ii. 102, 187 ; Thomas, ii. 32
Coke, D. P., i. 383, 384 ; Edward, i. 337 ; Sir
Edward, i. 60; ii. 59, 115, 242; Francis,
i. 158, 218, 284; Sir Francis, ii. io7-no,
190, 191, 240; John, i. 158, 188, 239, 240 ;
Sir John, i. i6g, 284 ; n. 115 ; Richard, i.
27, 60, 337 ; n. 68 ; Robert, i. 63, 301 ;
Roger, i. 332 ; Thomas, i. 243 ; Hon.
Thomas, i, 9 ; William, i. 169 ; W. Lang-
ton, i. 209
Cokeyne, Thomas, i. 237
Collidge, William, u. 105
Collier, Giles, i. 108; Robert, ii. 105; William,
„ i' 352
CollumbeU, Peter, i. 158; Roger, i. 156, 216,
218, 256, 259, 260
Colson, Josephus, i. 82
Columbell, George, ii. 113, 173
Colvile, Colonel, i. 32, 33, 68, 69, 91, 93, 214,
359 ; li- n6, 225, 232, 233, 263, 268, 275
Coney, W. B., i. 209
Constable, Henry, i. 273
Conway, Secretary, i. i6g
Conyers, Jo., u. 275
Cook, John, i. 123; Pierce, i. 211, 212;
Thomas, ii. 64
Cooke, Antho., i. 108, log ; Edw., i. 108, 109 ;
Sarah, ii. 155, 156; WUliam, ii. ig4

Cooper, Abraham, ii. 257 ; Edward, ii. 32 ; John,
i. 122, 124 ; Mary, ii. 245 ; Richard, ii.
146 ; I<obert, i. loi, 124; Susannah, ii. 128
Cope, Richard, ii. 61
Coplye, Thomas, i. 115
Colchctt, Mr., i. 203 ; Thomas, i. 120
Cotes, Richard, ii. 118
Cotton, Mr., ii. 104 ; Rowland, U. 2g5
Cottrill, John, ii. 2g9
Cowper, Humphrey, ii. 192 ; Robt., i. in
Cox, John, i. 208 ; Major John, ii. 128 ; Roger
Soresby, i. 211, 212; William Thomas
Edwards, i. 212
Coxon, Edward, ii. 276 ; John, n. 27g ; Sarah,
ii. 274
Craven, Robert, ii. 141
Creasy, Sir Edward, i. 30
Crellin, Rev. Charles Edward, ii. 17
Creswell, Joseph, ii. 74, 75
Crewe, Sir George, i. gi, 113
Croft, Capt. Francis, i. 218; Sir James, ii. g6y^
Crofts, Lawrence, ii. 165 ^^-''^
Crompton, George, i. 121 ; John, i. 21^^ 361 ;
John Bell, i. 208 ; Samuel, i. ig4, 361
Cromwell, ii. 65
Cronkehouse, Godfrey, i. g6
Cronckeshaw, Radus, i. 115
Crooks, Thomas, ii. 165
Crosbe, George, i. 108
Crosley, Anthony, i. 216; William, U. 25
Cross, Mr. Thomas, i. 313
Crosse, Richard, ii. 143
CrosseweU, Jo., ii. 84
Crouchback, Edmund, i. 76
Crowther, James, i. 382
Crozier, James, ii. 49
Gumming, C. C., i. 214
Cupitt, 'WUUam, i. 123
Curson, Sir John, i. 60
Curtis, William, ii. 211
Curtis and Harvey, Messrs., ii. 300
Curzon, Hon. A. N., i. 209 ; Francis, i. 152, 237 ;
u. 187, 249; Sir George, i. 21 ; John, i.
158; Sir John, i. 169; U. 104, 115; Sir
Nathaniel, i. 194 ; ii. 256, 276

Dacres, Lord, i. 237
Dakeyne, Arthur, i. 86-8g ; Daniel, u. 128 ;
Edward, ii. 128; James, ii. 128; John, ii.
128 ; Joseph, ii. 128 ; Peter, ii. 128 ; Thos.,
i. 81 ; U. 128
Dakin, John, i. 80 ; Peter, ii. 64 ; Richard, n.
Dakyn, Humphrey, i. g6
Dale, Cornelius, i. 3go ; Richard, i. loi ;
Thurston, ii. 142
Dall, Thurston, ii. 107
Dalyson, Charles, ii. 71
Dancks, Johnes, i. 115
Dane, 'William, n. 210
Danvers, Jo., ii. 120
Darcie, Edward, i. 92 ; Lady Grace, i. 92 ; Sir
Robert, i. 92
Darkin, Wm., i. 184
Datewood, Sam., ii. 120
Davenant, ii. 192
Davison, Samuel, u. 177
Dawes, Thomas, i. 80
Dawson, Eleanor, u. 62 ; Thomas, 11. 62
Day, Alice, u. 89 ; William, u. 89

336

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Degge, Sir Simon, i. 2g7, 301, 345 ; ii. 6, 123,
181
Deincourt, Lord, i. 20
Denman, Dr., i. g; ii. 213; J., i. igi
D'Este, Princess Maria, i. 296
Dethick, Humphrey, i. 92 ; William, i. 92
Devonshire, Duke of, i. 86, 194, 198, 201 ; ii.
196; Earl of, i. 159, 169, 172, 183, 307,
309, 310 ; n. 21, 69, 70, 107-109
Dethick, Humphrey, ii. 104
Dewsbury, George, ii. 242
D'Eyncourt, Lord, i. 285
Dickson, G. A. H., i. 209
Dibdin, Charles, i. igg
Dicken, John, ii. 25
Dilworlh, Rev. Thomas, i. 315
Dixon, Charles, ii. go ; Rev. Mr., ii. 16
Dodds, Willus, i. 81
Dodson, Edward, ii. 251 ; John, 336
Doe, John, ii. 54
Doe or Doo, John, i. 65, 117
Dolman, James, i. 122
Doughty, Mr., n. 125
Downds, Henry, i. 37g
Downing, Rebecca, ii. 3g
Doxy, Robert, ii. 65
Drake, Wm., ii. 64
Draper, Thomas, ii. 287
Draycott, John, i. 252 ; Thomas, i. 263
Drayton, Warren, i. 381
Drewry, Mr. J., i. 123, 124
Drinkwater, John, 35g
Drury, Edward Whitehead, i. 387
Dudley, Samuel, i. 82
Dunn, Robert, ii. 65
Durnell, John, ii. 54, 55
Dury, Samuel, ii. 2g2
Dyer, Chief Justice, i. 34 ; James, ii. 3, 4

Earl, Mr. Thomas, i. 285
Eastmeate, Francis, ii. go
Eaton, Antho., u. 33 ; George, i. 354; Richard,
ii. 15 ; Samuel, i. 354 ; William, 15, 55
Eden, Sir F. M., ii. 171
Edensor, Ricus, i. 81
Edmundson, Edward, i. 96 ; Thos., i. 97
Edwards, John, u. 124 ; William, ii. 86
Eley, Thomas, ii. 179
Elliott, Samuel, u. 32 ; WUliam, ii. 142
Ellison, Thomas Michael, i. 84
EUott. John, n. 89
Ellys, William, ii. 71
Eltofte, Thomas, i. 278
Elverston, Mich., i. 278
Elvynge, H., i. 322
Englefield, Sir Francis, i. 285
Enzor, Hannah, i. 312
Erott, Mr., u. 145
Erskine, Hon. and Rev. Thomas, ii. 195
Essex, Earl of, i. 216, 217
Estcourt, Rev. E. E., i. 310
Evans, Edmund, n. 231; Dr. John, i. 366;
Mr., ii. 112; Thomas, i. 121 ; WUliam, i'
"3
Everatt, John, i. 108
Evemee, Step., n. 120
Evens, Ann, ii. 86
Every, Sir Henry, i. n, 183, 301, 337, 344, 345,
349,351 ; 11-59, 73. 74. 120 ; Rev. Sir John,
I. 06, 188 ; Sir John, ii. 223

Eyre, Col., ii. 166; Elizabeth, i. 312; family, i.
155, 268, 307 ; George, i. in ; Mrs. Isabel,
U. 138 ; Mr., i. 108, 344, 345 ; Ralph, n.
33; Robert, i. 218, 271 ; n. 68, 1I5, 251 ;
Rowland, i. 218, 312 ; Thomas, i. 263, 301,
312, 313 ; u. go; Vincent, i. 313 ; William,
i. 183 ; ii. 5g, 220

Fairfax, Lord, ii. 66
Faneworth, Ellis, ii. 201
Fanshawe, L. W. , ii. 7g
Farnworth, John, i. 108 ; ii. 25
Farquharson, C. E., ii. 15
Farringdon, A., ii. 72
Fauvel, Rev. T., i. 315, 316
Fawcett, Rob., ii. 275
Fawkes, Guy, i. 27g
Feilden, Robert, i. 2og
Fellowes, Joseph, ii. 280
Fenlon, Richard, i. 25g, 263-265, 26g
Fenwick, R. C, i. 2og
Feme, Henry, ii. 62, 231; John, ii. 108;
Robert, i. 364 ; ii. 144 ; Thomas, ii. 108
Ferrers family, i. 77 ; Sir Humphrey, i. ijj,
217, 218, 220 ; n. g4, 98-101 ; John, i. 337 ;
Sir John, ii. log, igi ; Mr., u. 104; Robert,
i. 77 ; Sir Thomas, i. 70, 77
Ferries, Sir John, i, 281
Ffaine, Sir Francis, ii. 148
Ffrance, Peter, ii. 148
Ffranceys, Hen., u. 57, 58
Fidler, John, ii. go ; Thomas, ii. 2g6
Filton, Sir Edward, ii. 160
Findernes, The, i. g2
Finney, ii. 41 ; James, n. 141 ; John, ii. 21
Firlh, Henry, ii. 7g ; Robert, i. 314
Fisher, Christopher, i. 335 ; Humphrey, U. 82 ;
John, ii. 287 ; Thomas, i. 82
Firth, Robert, i. 314
Fitzalan, Hon., i. 208
Fitzharbert, Anthony, i. 260 ; John, i. 253, 260 ;
Thomas, i. 260
Fitzherbert, Anthony, i. 263, 266, 267 ; Basil, i.
307 ; family, i. 155, 307 ; Francis, i. 281 ;
11- 56, g5, 100 ; John, i. 156, 253, 256-260,
263-26g ; ii. 223 ; Sir John, i. 5g, 157, i6g ;
11. igi ; Richard, i. 210 ; Sir fhomas, i.
252, 253, 256, 263, 264, 266, 26g, 312;
WiUiam, i. 170, 186, 312 ; Sir WiUiam, ii.
171
Flamslead, John, i. 92
Fleming, Patrick, i. 217
Fletcher, G., M.D., i. g ; George, ii. 30 ; Paul,
I. 100, loi ; Richard, U. 15 ; Robert, ii.
255 ; Roger, i. 8g ; Thomas, i. 350 ; Wil
liam, n. 138
Flint, Adam, ii. 77 ; Robert, i. 107
Flixson, James, ii. I7g
Foche, John, ii. 120
Foddringham, Humfrey, i. 164
Fogg, Thomas, ii. 2g6
Folejambe, Francis, i. 59
Foley, C. J., i. 208
P'olgeame, Mrs., i. 275
Foljambe, Lady Constance, i. 256 ; Fr., i. 157 ;
Godfrey, i. 58, 152, 237, 254, 256,' 269 ,'
n. 94, 102, 103, 187, 249; Sir Godfrey, i.
216, 269
Ford, Sarah, u. 62 ; Symon, n. 62
Forman, William, ii. 256

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

337

Forshawe, F., ii. 240
Forward, Jonathan, ii. 52
Fossiter, Mr., i. 286
Foster, Thomas, ii. 153
Fowke, William, ii. 125
Fowks, Thomas, U. 216
Fowler, John, u. 227 ; Mr. Richard, i. loi
Fownes, Charles, ii. 192
Fox, Douglas, u. 17 ; Francis, U. 17 ; George,
i. 338, 339 ; John, i. 278 ; Kath., i. 278 ;
Mr., ii. 89, 2ig
Foxglove, William, ii. 61
Foxlow, ii. 247; Rev. F., i. 72, 84, 199; Samuel,
i. 72, 78,83, 84,93; Wm.,i. 84
Francis, A. 0., i. 209 ; John, u. 64, 95, 99, 104,
187 ; Matthew, n. in
Frechevile, Peter, i. 156
FrechevUle, John, i. 156, 157, 169 ; Sir Peter, i.
168, 274, 280
Frechville, Mrs., ii. 102
Freeman, Agnes, i. 312 ; Matthew, i. 387 ; Mr.,
ii. 288
Frescheville, Sir Peter, ii. 95, 107-109, igi
FretweU, John, i. 33g
Frith, Thomas, i. 312
Froggat, John, i. 107, 278
Frogott, WUliam, ii. 33
Frost, Anthony, u. 10; John, ii. 176; Matthew,
i. 314; Mr., i. 201 ; Susanna, u. 117, 118 ;
Thos., i. 81, 278
Frowde, Philip, ii. 2go
Fuljambe, Godfrey, i. 98
Fulkes, Thomas, ii. 146
FuUwood, Christopher, ii. 107-109, igi
Fulwood, Sir George, i. 59
Fytche, Mr., ii. 4

Gadesby, John, ii. 176
Gamble, John, ii. 62 ; WUliam, ii. 178
Garlick, Nicholas, i. 260, 261, 267
Gamer, Wm., i. 66
Ganett, James, i. 81 ; Thomas, i. 113
Garrow, Baron, ii. 13
Gaunt, Jacob, ii. 125
Gayle, Roger, i. 270
Gearret, Sir Thomas, i. 253
Geary, Mary, ii. 28
Gell, ii. 247; Anthony, ii. 187; Capt., L 156;
Sir John, i. 59, 163, 164, 363; ii. no, 115 ;
Mr., of Hopton, i. 213 ; Philip, u. 37, 59,
213; Sir Philip, i. 183, 211 ; Ralph, ii. 108;
Thos., ii. 37, IIS
Genyson, Mr., i. 275
George, Johes, i. 82
Gerard, John, i. 275 ; Nicholas, i. 252, 253 ;
Sir Thomas, i. 252, 253, 269
Germin, Rt. Hon. Philip, n. 254
Gibbs, Rev. T., u. 33
Gibson, Francis, ii. 5, 6
Gilbert, Capt., i. 183; Frans., i. 218; ii. 105;
George, i. 296-301, 308, 345; Henry, i.
120 ; u. 143 ; John, ii. 59 ; Richard, ii. 46 ;
Thomas, i. 82 ; u. 178; Willus, i. 82
Gill, John, u. 103 ; Mr. Leonard, i. 109
Gillotl, Edward, ii. 25
Gilpin, Luke, i. 239, 240
Giriing, C, U. 27
Gisborn, Mr., ii. 27

23

Gisborne, Dorothy, i. 72 ; Henry Francis, ii. 17 ;
J-. ii- S3. 54. 156; Mr. John, i. 117, 188;
Thos., U. 47, 53, 54, 295
Gisburne, Theophilus, i. 96 ; John, i. 96
Gladman, Justice, i. 345
Gladwin, William, u. 64
Glass, John, i. 377
Glossop, Daniel, ii. 32 ; John, ii. 32
Glossopp, Thomas, i. 115
Glover, i. 12, 52
Gloucester, Richard, Duke of, i. 86
Godbeare, John, ii. 77
Godbehere, George, ii. 247 ; Thomas, ii. 243
Goddard, John, i. 341
Goddart, Gilbert, i. g7
Godly, William, ii. 82
Gooch, J. H., i. 209
Goodman, Francis, ii. 13
Goodwin, Anthony, u. 65 ; Humfry, i. 107 ;
Joseph, i. 107; Mary, U. 65 ; Mr., i. 123,
199 ; 'Thomas, u. 70 ; William, ii. 1 13
Goodwyn, Elizabeth, ii. 108
Goole, Thomas, i. 81
Gorse, Thomas, ii. 84
Gosling, George, i. 87 ; ii. 207
Gothard, Elizabeth, u. 89 ; George, ii. 89
Gould, George, ii. 84
Graham, Mary, i. 190 ; Renald, i. 190, igi
Grant, Jane, ii. 45
Gratton, John, i. 342-347, 376, 377
Graunts, The, i. 280
Gray, Aiichitell, u. 59, 294 ; Richard, ii. 256
Graye, Anchitele, i. 65, 183
Greaseley, Sir George, ii. 107, icg
Greatorex, Henry, ii. 15, 54, 55 ; John, ii. iJ,
26, 54, 55 ; Mary, ii. 10, 15 ; Samuel, ii.
IS
Greatrax, Robert, U. 108
Greaves, ii. 247 ; Mr. C. A., u. 17 ; George, u.
217 ; Henry Marwood, i. 33, 73, 84, 172 ;
John, ii. 79, 217 ; Peter, ii. 38 ; William,
i. 100, loi
Green, Henry, ii. 166
Greene, Adam, ii. 62 ; Francis, ii. 62 ; John, i.
Ill ; Law., i. Ill
Greenewood, Abraham, n. 33
Greenwood, James, i. 318; John, ii. 142
Gregorie, Dorothy, ii. 165
Gregory, Bernard, u. 27 ; Ellen, ii. 88 ; Henry,
ii. 244 ; Humphrey, iL 25 ; John, i. 108 ;
ii- 149. 257 ; Thomas, L 352
Gregson, F. R., i. 208 ; George, ii. 201 ; Henry,
i. 83, 88, 89 ; ii. 201-206 ; Thomas, i. 83
Gresley, Sir George, ii. 191, 217; Mr., ii. 112;
Sir R., Bt., i. 208; Thomas, i. 152, 220,
301, 337; Sir Thomas, ii. 102, 104, 115,
144, 187, 251
Gretrex, William, ii. 118
Grey, Hon. Harry, Lord, ii. 169 ; Thomas, ii. 51
Greyson, William, i. 163
Grimaldi, i. igg
Grosvenor, Archibald, ii. 223 ; Richa.rd, ii. 141 ;
Mr. William, i. 217, 218
Grove, James, ii, 224
Grundy, Rev. James, ii. 213
Gryffyn, David, i. 96

Habershon, Mr., i. 16
Haddock, John, u. 149, 150
Hadfield, Thomas, i. 122 ; Wm., ii. 212

338

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Hagge, WUliain, i. 359
Hague, John, ii. 68
Hale, Henry, ii 253 ; Sir Matthew, ii. 87
HaUfax, Lord, ii. 126
Hall, Edmund, ii. 7 ; John, i. loi ; ii. 295 ;
John Cressy, i. 208 ; Mr., ii. 88, 219 ;
Nicholas, i. 96 ; R. A., i. 208; Thomas, i.
96; iL 210; WiU., i. 278
Hallam, Mrs., ii. 231
Hallowes, Nathaniel, ii 115, 189; Thomas, ii.
41
HaUows, Brabu, i 170
Hallsall, Thomas, ii. 55
Hally, Mary, i 393
Halton, Immanuel, i 188 ; ii. 158
Hamblet, George, ii. 10
Hamilton, Myrlon, ii. 297
Hampston, Joseph, ii 128
Handforth, Robert, ii 25
Hankin, Alice, i. 80 ; Miles, i 80
Hardey, Elizabeth, ii 21
Harding, John, ii. 2x5 ; Nicholas, i. 257; Robert,
ii- 59. 74, 75. 2S1
Hardy, George, ii. 84, 296 ; John, i. 312 ; ii. 7 :
Richard, i 312, 313; Robert, i. 80
Hardwicke, James, ii. 187, 249
Harestafe, Gervase, i 164
Harley, Edward, i. 86
Harpur, Henry, i 59, 186 ; Sir Henry, i 122,
209-211; John, i 152, 156, 217, 280; Sir
John, i- 60, 122, 168, 169, 281 ; U. 74, 75,
94, lOI, 102, 112, 187, 251, 280 ; Ri, i 58,
237 ; Richard, ii. 95, X04, 107, 109, 188,
191, 240; Sir Richard, i 169
Harpham, Robert, ii 128
Harrington, Elianor, i 257; Lady, i 210; Lord,
i. 280, 281
Harrison, Benj., u. 213; Christopher, ii. 38;
George, u. 107 ; James, i 341 ; John, i.
¦ 113; ii. II, 17, 212, 244; Michael, i 239,
240, 244; Ricus, i 81; Robt., ii. 219;
William, i 359
Hart, ii. 247
Hartington, Marquis of, i 194, 208
Hartshorne, Michael, i 379
Harvey, Joseph, iL X20 ; Richard, u. 244 ;
Thomas, i. 123
Hassall, Mr. Thomas, ii 30X, 302
Hastings, Hon. G. T. C. A., i 208; Theo
philus, i 24
Hatfield, George, L 335 ; ii 113
Haull, Nicholas, i 96
Hawker, Edmund, ii. 287
Hawksworth, John, i 122, 178
Hawley, George, i 80
Hawson, John, i 257
Hawly, Anne, i 80 ; Rad., i 80; Raphe, i 80
Hay, John, ii 20
Hayne, John, i. 89, 210 ; Joseph, i 28, 29, 33
^ 83, go, 93 ; ii 33, 54, 55, 204, 216
Haynes, WiUiam, ii 198
Hayward, Robert, i 35 1
Haywood, Robert, ii 141
Hazard, Tho.,!. 119
Heacocke, Thomas, ii 107
Head, Richard Leaper, ii. 128
Heald, Anthony, i 278
Heanes, Anthony, i 162
Heapie, John, i 334
Heath, Nicolas, ii. 64 ; Sir Robert, ii 78, 192

Heathcote, Anthony, ii. 25 ; Geo., ii. 136; God
frey, i 29, 186; Mr., i. 13; Ralpbe, L319;
Samuel, i. 194 ; Thomas, ii. 64
Heathcott, William, ii. 229
Heatherley, Robert, u. 178
Heaward, Sara, ii. 118
Heeley, Thomas, i 81
Helde, Richard, i. 319
Heloby, John, i. 351
Hemsworth, Robert, ii. 33
Heneage, T., L 270
Henison, Thomas, ii. 287
Henry, Rev. Ellis, ii. 16 ; Rev. Mr., i. 122
Heme, Custons, ii. 64
Hewett, James, ii. 217
Hewitt, Mark, i. 1 19
Hey, Hew, i. 115
Heyes, Henry, ii. 66, 67
Heythecote, George, i 96
Heyton, Bulter, i. 237
Heywood, Francis, ii. 296 ; Jno., i 82
Hibbard, Samuel, U. 52-55
Hiberd, William, ii. 85
Hicks, Mrs., ii 87
Hide, Edward, i 335
Hieron, John, i. 349 ; Samuel, i 332, 333, 349
Higel, Ralph, ii. 200
Higginbotham, John, ii. 299
Higton, Bennit, u. 27
HiU, Henry, u. 107 ; John, i 351 ; ii. 62 ; Mat
thias, i. 334; Thomas, i. 9; u. i.p ; Rev.
Thomas Martin, i 316
Hindley, Thomas, u. 178
Hioling, WHI5, i. 115
Hitchener, Charles, ii 300
Hobbs, John, i. 164
Hobson, Joseph, i. 384, 387
Hodges, John, ii. 254
Hodgkins, George, ii. 79
Hodgkinson, Edward, i. 108; Geo., i. 336;
Godfrey, ii. 79; Obadia, i. 117; Rich., i
108
Hodgson, G. A., i 214
Hodkin, Daniel, i. 388
Holden, Rev. Charles, L 199; E. C. S., i. 214;
Robert, ii 128
Holding, Mr. CounciUor, i 120
Hole, Elizabeth, ii. 90 ; George, ii. 90
Holgate, Johes, i. 82
Holland, Edward, i 352 ; Joanna, i 86 ; John,
ii 255; Mr., ii 112; Robert, ii 212;
Thomas, i 62, 86, 164 ; WUliam, ii 279
Hollies, Thomas, ii 211
HolUngworth, John, i 89, 108 ; Robert, ii 70,
117, 118; WUliam, i 108
Hollinshed, Edward, i 3gi-3g4
HoUowey, Eras., i 80
Holme, John, ii. 255
Holmes, Margaret, ii 166 ; Randall, L 59
Holt, Edward, ii. 79; Cornelius, iL 150, 151 ;
John, ii. 79 ; Sarah, u. 150, 151 ; Simon,
ii 218-221
Hoode, MiUicent, ii. 255 ; Thomas, ii 255
Hooton, Elizabeth, i. 340
Hope, Rev. Chas. S., u. 213 ; Robert, i 352
Hopkinson, John, i 119; Joseph, ii. 128; WU
Uam, i 349
Home, Mr., ii 145
Horobyn, WUliam, ii. 2x8, 228
Horsington, Jasper, ii 15, 16
Hoskins, Abraham, i. 92

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

339

Hough, C. H., i. 215 ; Peter, ii 179
Houghe, John, i. n i
How, John, U. 70 ; Matthew, i. 1 1
Howard, C, i 270 ; Edward, i 312 ; Eras., i
191 ; Henry, i. 312 ; John, U. n ; Josh., ii.
213
Howden, Henry, u. 105
Howe, Cornelius, i. 359 ; Christopher, i. 387 ;
Elizabeth, ii. 62 ; John, ii. 299
Howley, George, ii..i42
Hoydon, John, ii. 65
Hubbersty, A. C, i. 208
Hudson, Fra., i. 336 ; Ralph, U. 25
Hughes, G. D. M., i. 209
Huit, John, ii. 147
Hume, Joseph, ii 238 ; Q. D., i 214 _
Hunloke, Dame Katherine, i. 312; Sir Henry,
i- 307-3og, 312-315 ; ii- 9° ; Robert, i. 312 ;
Thomas Windsor, U. 2g8 ; Sir Windsor, i.
312
Hunt, Robert, U. 142
Hunter, John, i 104; Henry H., i. 210
Huntingdon, Earl of, i. 280, 309
Huntley, Hugh, u. 299
Hunter, WUliam, ii 255
Huntsman, H. de C. , i. 208
Hurd, Charles, u. 37 ; Edward, ii. 25 ; Elizabeth,
i. 112; Humphrey, i 112 ; James, ii 33
Hurt, Albert F., i. 208 ; Charles, i 208 ; Mr.,
i. igg ; Nicholas, ii. 144
Hurle, Nichus, i. 115 ; Rogus, i. 115
Hutchinson, John, i. 87 ; Sir Thomas, ii 173
Hutson, Edw., i. in
Hutton, 13, i 193

Ibbotson, J. , ii. 299
Ibutson, John, ii. 180
Inkersell, WiUiam, i 119
Inman, J., i. 119
Icons, Mr., ii 10
Ive, Mary, ii. 165
Jackson, Anne, ii. 165 ; Edward, i. 84 ; Francis,
i. 278 ; ii. 165 ; George, i. 218 ; Henry, i.
312 ; Humfrey, i 164 ; James, ii 170; John,
i. 80 ; Richard, u. 153 ; Roger, ii 32 ;
Thomas, i. 28 ; Valentine, U. 80 ; William,
ii. 77, 78, 107, 244, 246, 254
Jake, Nicholas, i. 275, 276
James, Thomas, i. 352 ; Mr. William, ii. 220
Jaques, Mary, U. 137, 138
Jarman, Mr., i. 121
Jebb, Joshua, i 208
Jenkinson, Sir Paul, i. 183, 309 ; u. 59, 149
Jermyn, Philip, ii. 254
Jerrison, Francis, ii. 149
Jessop, W. de B., i. 208 ; William, i 1 13, 218 ;
ii. WiUiam, 187
Jessopp, Mr., i. 123 ; William, i. 333
Jinks, George, i. 314
John of Gaunt, i. 76-78 ; ii. 224
Johnson, Christopher, ii. 28 ; John, ii. 279 ;
Richard, U. 180, 181 ; Roger, u. 28 ;
Samuel, i. 352; Susan, ii 118; William,
, i- 347
Jolley, WUliam, ii. 160
Jolly, Thomas, u. 141
Jones, George, i. 80 ; Henry, ii. 62
Jorden, Johes, i. 82

Kay, Mr., i. 274
Keeley, Richard, i. 123
Kendall, Henry, ii. 104 ; Jonathan, i. 123 ; Jus
tice, ii. 256
Kent, Thomas, i 108, 109, 312
Kenyon, Peter, ii. 25
Kershaw, James, ii 212, 213 ; John, u. 212
Key, Robert, ii. 244
Kinnersley, Thomas, ii. 223
Kirk, Isaac, ii. 215, 216, 222 ; John, i 341
Kirkby, William, ii. 288
Kirkland, Richard, ii. 103
Kirkman, Mr., ii. 26
Kirshaw, Messrs. J. and W., ii 214
Kitchen, Richard, i. 265
Kitson, Sir Thomas, i 272
Kniveton, i. 75, 76 ; Gilbert, ii. 86 ; Thomas, i
88, 95, 152, 237, 25g, 264, 265; ii 102,
103 ; William, u. g4, g5, loi
Knollys, Sir Francis, ii. g6 ; Sir William, ii. gg
Knowlton, Thomas, i. 208
Knyveton, Henry, ii. 32 ; Thomas, ii. 187

Lambard, i 51, 68, loi, 115
Lambert, J. A., i. 214
Lancaster, Mr. Serjeant, ii. 99
Lane, Thomas, i 81 ; Andreus, i 81
Langford, Mary, i. 278, 285 ; Nicholas, i 254
Larke, Robert, ii. 105
Latham, Anthony, ii 103; John, ii 208; Mr.,
i 123
Lathburye, Ricus, i. 115
Laud, Archbishop, i. 286
Laughtenhouse, Mic, ii. 22
Lavender, Job, i 221
Lawson, John, i. 340
Lax, Anthony, i. 29
Lea, Sir Henry, ii. 107, 109
Leacroft, E. R., i 208
Leare, WUl., ii 278, 27g
Leche, Francis, i 158
Lechmere, Rt. Hon. Nicholas, ii. 204
Lee, James, ii. 25 ; John, ii. 33 ; Jonathan, i.
35g ; Joseph, ii 61
Leech, Sir Edward, ii. 115; John, ii. 59;
Richard, i. 13, 14
Leek, Nicholas, i. 25 ; Robert, i. 24 ; Sir
Francis, i. 20, 114, 150, 222, 237, 274, 27g,
281
Leeke, Francis, i. 114, 152, 256 ; Sir Francis,
ii- 94. 95, 102-104, 187, i8g, 24g, 250
Lees, Henricus, i. 115; Henry, ii 212, 217;
John, ii 213 ; L. B., i 208 ; Mr., U. 80
Legh, Sir Henry, ii 153, igi, 240
Leigh, Capt., i 219
Lester, Edward, ii. 295
Leveringham, Henry, i 183
Levesley, .Samuel, ii. 46
Levinge, Mr., i 285 ; Thomas, i 27, 95 ; Timo
thy, i 27
Lewis, John, ii. 75
Lillewod, Charity, ii. 67
Linacre, James, ii. 103
Lindsell, Bishop of Peterboro', i 317
Lingard, Anthony, ii. 44, 45 ; Edward, i. 341 ;
Elizabeth, i 347; John, i 341, 347, 380;
Mary, i. 341, 347
Linney, Isaac, ii. 212
Lister, Justice, i. 345 ; Henry, i 278, 380
Litchfield, Godfrie, ii. 63 ; Thomas, ii. 9

340

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Littlewood, John, i. in
Litton, Thomas, i 122 ; ii. 33, 194
Lockett, WiUiam, ii. 16 ; Wm. Jeffrey, i. 29
Lomas, George, ii 48 ; Robert, i. 107 ; ii. 120
Lommas, Richard, i. 80
Longden, Robt, i. 209
Longdon, Robert, i 312
Longe, John, u. 103, 105
Longford, Margaret, u. 107 ; Mr., i. 253 ;
Nicholas, i. 146, 265 ; ii 105
Longfords, The, i. 155
Longston, William, ii. 8
Lord, W. Attwood, ii. 213
Love, Mr. William, i. 103
Lovett, William, ii. 298
Lowe, Anne, i 80; Arthur, i loi, 349; ii. 145;
Elizabeth, ii. 25 ; Ferdinando, ii. 145 ;
Francis, i 336; George, i 278; Henry, ii
27 ; Jasper, ii. 18 ; Jo., i. 349 ; John, ii. 18,
65, 82, 84, 255 ; Justice, ii. 81 ; Patrick, n.
104, 105 ; Wm. Drewry, i. 210
Ludlam, Isaac, ii. 41, 42 ; Robert, i 260-262,
266 ; Thomas, ii. 2i8
Luke, Thomas, ii. 81
Lumley, i 286
Lyall, Rev. F. J., M.A., i 215
Lyme, Willus, i 8i
Lynacre, Mr., i 276
Lynch, WiUiam, i. 209
Lysons, i. 12, 78, 97
Lyte, Mr. Maxwell, i. 264

Mabkin, John, U. 62
Macaulay, Rev. J. H., ii. 299
Macclesfield, Margaret, i. 312
Machant, Mary, ii 175, 176
Macklin, Thomas, ii. 232
Macleod, Archibald, ii. 80
Maclyn, Francis, i. 216
Madley, Rich., i. 278
Mainwaring, Mr. Edward, i 334
Mander, Mr., i 122
Manders, James, i. 84 ; John, i. 84 ; Thomas, i.
84
Manley, T. H. W., ii. 297
Manlove, Edward, i. 363 ; ii. 80, 84, 86 ; Jus
tice, ii. 255 ; Tymothy, i. 363
Mann, John, ii. 62
.Manner, Mr., ii 173
Manners, John, i. 2r, 25, 150-153, 156, 158, 169,
217-221, 25g, 260, 264, 266, 26g, 270, 318 ;
Sir John, i 23, 5g, 222, 280, 281 ; ii g4,
95. 98-108, 113, 173, X89, 191, 283 ; Roger,
u. 107-109, igi
Mansfield, Eliz., i. 278
Manvers, Earl, ii. ig5
Mapples, Owen, u. 22g
Margerison, Mr., i 274; WiU., i 274
Markham, A. B., i. 208 ; Mr. Th., i. 272
Marple, William, i. 80
Marples, John, i 123
Marradin, Thomas, ii. 165
Marriott, John, u. 15
Marrison, William, U. 176
Marsden, Anne, i 312; Robert, i igo
Marsh, J. R. M., i 209 ; William, ii 257
Marshall, Francis, i. 312 ; John, i 122 ; Mr i
103 ; Peter, U. 64 ; Richard, U. 90
Marsland, Samuel, ii. 213

Martin, Hellen, ii 51, 52; Thomas, ii 53-55;
Rev. Thomas, i. 313
Martyn, George, ii 141
Mason, Richard, i 164 ; Rowland, ii 219
Massey, Richard, ii 296
Massye, Thomas, i. 115
Mather, Edward, u. 62 ; Ralph, u. 8 ; Samuel,
u. 37 ; Thomas, u. 37
Malhew, John, i 163, 165
Mathion, Francis, i. 352
Matkin, Thomas, ii. 47
Matthew, WUUam, ii 276, 278
Maudesley, Richard, i 336
Maw, Mr., i 122
May, Hugh, i. 70 ; li. 196
Maynard, Anthony Lax, i. 29 ; ii. 237 ; E. A.
J., i. 208 ; John, i 29 ; Mr., ii 208
Mayne, Cuthbert, i. 258
Mazine, Captain, ii. 288, 289
Mead, Jonathan, ii 31
Meade, Thomas, i. 34
Mearyng, Willius, i 65
Mee, Thomas, u. 7
Mellande, William, i 80, 107
MelUnes, Major, i 162
Mellone, WiUiam, ii 138
Mellor, u. 247 ; Ellen, u. 186 ; John, u. 33, 37,
113 ; Robert, i 27 ; ii 115 ; Roger, n. 165 ;
Thomas, i. 312; V. H., i 209
Merriman, Capt. Nicholas, i 217, 218
Merry, family, i. 155, 268 ; Sir Henry, i. 285 ;
John, i 270 ; Sir John, i 285 ; Mr., i 275 ;
Methan, Samuel, i 380
Meymot, Edward, i. 352
Meynell, U. 247; Charles, i 210; Hugo, i. go
Michael, Henricus, i. 82
Middleton, George, U. 82 ; Mr. M. M., ii. 213 ;
Richard, ii 254 ; Robert, n. ig8
Miles, William, U. 84 ; Wills, i 115
Miller, Col. Charles, i. 203, 205
MUlhouse, Richard, U. 25
Mills, K. J., i. 208 ; Thomas, i 364 ; u. 144,
178
Millward, John, i. 60
Millwarde, Willm., u. 107
Milnes, William, i 62
Milward, Capt., i 157, 158; Jo., ii 32; John,
ii. 112; Robert, ii. g6, gg ; Thomas, i 108 ;
ii 113
MoUanies, J. S., i. 162
Montgomery, Mr., ii. 217
Moody, Richard, u. 176
Moor, Francis, i. 124
Moore, Arthur, i 108; Elizabeth, i 314; Sir
Francis, ii. 262 ; Rev. Henry, u. 16 ; J. H..
i. 208; Joseph, ii 121 ; M., ii 231 ; Robt.,
i- 336, 361 ; Sam., i 334, 364
Moorwood, Rowland, ii 115
More, Robert, i. 216; ii 143; Thomasin, ii
175
Morehouse, Nicholas, ii. 161
Moreton, Ezra, U. 221 ; WUliam, ii. 62
Morewood, Andrew, i 3g3 ; Mr., i 213
Moris, Mary, ii. 67 ; Patrick, ii. 67
Morledge, Roger, i. 13
Morrell, Edw., i in
Morris, Tho., i 278
Morrys, Edward, ii. 38
Morten, Fran., i loi
Mortlin, Peter, i 239, 240
Morton, Richard, ii 153

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

341

Moseley, Thomas, ii. 162
Mosley, Ashton N., i. 209; ii. 213; P, P., i.
214; Sir Oswald, i 113
Mould, Edward, i. 312
Moulton, Henry, ii. 177
Mounsey, George, i. 381, 383
Mountjoy, Lord, i. 219, 220
Mousley, Peter, i. 81 ; Ricus, i. 82
Mower, Arthur, i. 218 ; George, i. 6x ; Robert,
ii- 59
Mozley, Henry, 1. 91
Muggleton, Ludovick, i. 373, 376, 377
Mugliston, (Jeorge, ii 299'; J., i 9
Mumforth, William, i. 108
Mundy, u. 247 ; Edward Miller, i. 210, 211 ; F.
N. C, i 118, 123; ii F. N. C, 213;
Francis, i 210; ii 5g ; Gilbert, ii. 5g;
John, i. 8g, 116; ii 115 ; Mr., of Shipley,
i. 213 ; Ralph, ii. 104 ; Vincent, ii. 249 ;
! WiUiam, i 113, 171
Myles, Tho., i. 332, 333
Mylnwarte, Francis, ii. 249 ; Robert, ii. 249
,'Mylward, Robert, i. 264

Naylor, James, i. 338
Needham, EUis, ii. 214 ; Hugo, i. 89 ; Joshua,
i 120; ii. 32; Robert, ii 256; Thomas,
ii. 250
Nevile, Richard, Earl of Salisbury, i. 86
Newburgh, Lord, i. 314
Newcastle, Duke of, ii. 244 ; Earl of, i 241
Newdygate, Robert, ii. 59
Newsome, WiUiam, i 112
Newton, Edward, i loi ; F. C, i 214; Hugh,
ii. 57, 58, 113, 291 ; Robert, i 352 ; Wil
liam, i 121 ; ii. 79, 214 ; William Leaper,
i 121
Nicholas, John, ii. 73
Nicholson, Waters, ii. 71
Nightingale, Peter, i. 62
Nodder, Mr., ii 221
Norbury, Robt., i. 82
Norfolk, Duke of, i 314, 315
Norman, Robert, i 108
North, Lord, ii. gg-ioi
Nsrthumberland, Earl of, i. 237
Norton, John, u. 180 ; Ralph, ii. 33
Norloyn, John, i. 37g
Nunns, John, u. 2g7
Nuthall, Samuel, i. g8
Nuttall, Richard, u. 82
Oakes, G. R., i 2og ; James, i. 113, 35g
Oakley, George, ii 200
Oates, Titus, i. 2g6,.2g8, 300, 308
Ockover, Rowland, U. 59
Ogden, Samuel, i 363, 364
Ogle, Thomas, i. 362
Oldfield, George, i. 96 ; John, i. 332-336, 347.
349. 361, 364 ; Nathaniel, i. 361
Oldham, Nicholas, n. 107
Olerenshaw, Abraham, i. 383 ; Matthew, i. 383,
386, 388
Oliver, Hannah, ii. 44 ; John, ii. 257
Oldknow, Mr., U. 214
Olorenshaw, M., ii 295
0'.fSIeill, Hugh, i 219
Onslowe, Fra., ii. 120
_Ojrange, WiUiam of, ii. 119, 124

Orm, Captain, i 72
Orme, Radus, i 115
Orton, Henry, ii 300 ; Lt. John, i. 216
Osborne, Isaac, ii 280 ; John, i. 27 ; William,
i- 359
Ouldham, Thomas, ii. 76
Oven, George, i. 159
Overall, Bishop, i. 239, 253
Overton, Bishop, i 241
Oxley, Richard, ii 153

Page, Sir Francis, ii 52, 53; WiUiam, ii 117,
118
Palfreman, George, i. 319
Palfryman, Edward, ii. 61
Pallmer, Mr., i 275
Palmer, John, ii. 5.J ; Sir Geoffrey, ii. 71 ; Thos.
ii. 72, 291
Pares, John, ii. 291
Parker, Anthony, i. 108, 109 ; Benjamin, ii.
125 ; Francis, u. 180 ; Henry, ii. 66 ; John,
ii. 95. 103 ..
Parkins, John, ii 141
Parkson, Elizabeth, ii. 89
Parr, Robert, ii. 62
Parry, Fra., U. 120
Parson, William, i. 278
Parsons, Father, i. 258
Pashley, W., i. 384
Payne, Edw., ii 218 ; John, ii 218
Peach, Ann, ii. 175 ; John, n. 25 ; Thomas, i.
103, 104
Peacock, Richard, i. 336
Pearson, Alice, U. 47 ; H., i. 209 ; Rev. Samuel,
ii 213
Peat, Sarah, ii. 128
Pecking, Hannah, ii. 45
Pegg, Strelly, ii. 59 .
Pegge, Dr.,i. 69, 73-78; Edward, i 312; Jus
tice, i. 345; ii 85, 86; Margaret, i 312 ;
Thomas, ii. 107
Pembroke, Earl of, i 21, 92, 116
Pennell, Mr., ii 231
Percy, Thomas, i. 280
Petre, Lady, i. 253
Pickering, Rev. George, ii 16; James, i. 211 ;
John, i. 270, 278 ; Lord Keeper, i. 275
Pickeringe, i. 275
Pidcock, B., i 381, 382
Piggin, John, ii 7 ; Wm., n. 279
PUkington, Eliz., ii 163
Pim, Thomas, ii 84
Pinder, Robert, i. 108, 109
Pitman, Timothy, ii. 17
Pitt, ii 127, 128, 193 ; Moses, ii 19 ; Mr., i. 198
Plantagenet, Edward, Earl of Kent, i. 85
Plait, George, ii 213
Plattes, James, i. 109
Platts, James, ii. 125
Folding, Rev. John, i 316
Pole, Cardinal, i. 276 ; Edward, i 208, 332,
334, 364; Rev. Edward, i 199; G., ii
179; German, i 276, 311, 349-351; Ger
vase, i 276, 282; J. Chandos, i 214; John,
i. 286 ; Justice, ii. 50; R. W. Chandos, i
214; Sacheverell Chandos, i. 211 ; Samuel,
i 120 ; ii. 59 ; William, n. 52 ; Ursula, i
286
Pollet, James, U. 214
Ponsonby, J., i, 209

342

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Poole, George, ii. 115
Pope, Christopher, ii. 153 .
Port, John, i. 209 ; Roe, Esq., ii. 47
Porter, Robert, i 332-334. 363. 364 5 ii- 7°
Portland, Duke of, i. 86, 87
Potter, Gilbert, ii. 256 ; James, ii 288
Potterell, Edward, u. 143
Potts, John, u. I4g
Poule, Edward, ii. 278
Poundall, Mr., ii. 217
Poutrell family, i. 155, 268 ; Mr., i. 253, 2g6,
2g7; Mrs., i 278, 284
PowdreU, Mr., i 275
Powell, Sir John, u. I4g
Powtrell, Walter, u. 105
Poyser, Richard, u. 246 ; Thomas, U. 254 ; Wil
liam, u. 254
Pride, Colonel, i. 330
Prime, Samuel, i. 121
Prince, Mr. Samuel, i 14
Prynce, Gervasius, i. 115
PuUen, Henry, i. 217
Pusey family, i 74
Pye, Charles, ii. 5g
Radcliffe, William, ii. 213
Radford, John, i. 103, 104, 200; ii 213
Radley, Jarvis, i 119
Raine, Rev. Canon, ii. 293
Rangeley, John, i. 383
Ratcliff, Peter, i. 122 ; Thomas, i 123
Ratcliffe, i. 273 ; Francis, ii. 81
RawUnson, G. B. M., i. 208
Rawson, George, ii. 146
Ray, Wm., ii. 161
Rayner, Mr., i 99, 100
Raynor, Mr. Gervas, ii. 143
Reade, Henry, ii. 33
Redfearae, John, i 108
Redford, John, i 275
Redgate, Ann, ii. 180 ; Mary, ii 180
Reeve, i. 13 ; John, i. 373, 376
Reid, William, i. 209
Reresby, Sir Thomas, ii 57
Revell, Edward, i 29; ii 191, 218; Francis,
ii. 84 ; George, ii 103 ; John, u. 59 ;
Robert, u. 5g ; Tristram, u. 210 ; William,
i. 108, log
Revill, Francis, u. 84
Reynolds, J., i 52, 61
Reynor, Wills, i. 115
Richards, Thomas, i. 62
Richardson, George, i. 82 ; WiUiam, U. 231
Ridgway, John, i 341 ; Ralph, i. 341
Ridyard, Francis, U. 113
Rivett, Maria, u. 232 ; Thomas, i 62 ; William,
u. 84, 105
Rixby, i. 275
Roberts, John, ii. 32; Samuel, u. 82 ; WUliam,
i 6x ; U. iig, 287
Robertson, James, u. 297
Robin, Edward, ii. 279
R.jbinson, Alice, u. 165 ; George, ii 214 ;
Henry, ii. 84 ; Isaac, i. 366 ; Thomas, ii
38 ; William U. 256
Robrough, Mr. Henry, i. 322
Roby, John, ii. 244
Rodes, Cornelius Heathcote, i 210; ii. 298; F.,
'• 237 ; John, ii. 94, 99, 103, 108
Rodgerson, Cutbed, ii. 47 ; Mary, ii. 47

Roe, Robt., i 109; Richard, i. 117
Roger, Rev. Paul, i. 313 ; William, ii. 288
R gers, Prof. Thorold, ii. 190
Rolelsone, Mr., i 253
Rolleston, i. 28
Rolson, Mr. Francis, i. 254
Roiston, Robert, ii. 280
Roo, Richard, i 65
Roobotham, 'WUliam, ii 118
Rookewoode, i 280
Roome, John, ii. 81
Roose, Anthony, ii. 62
Rooth, John, i. 1 19
Rose, Elizabeth, ii 74, 75
Rosee, Thomas, ii. 62
Ross, Mr., i 203 ; Rev. J. F., i. 315
Rosse, Lord, ii. 82
Rossell, Mr., i 83
Rossington, Clement, ii. 107 ^^
Rotheram, J., ii. 139
Rotherforlh, Thomas, i. 122
Rotherham, S., i. 209
Roulston, John, ii 68 ; Scipio, ii. 256
Rowbothom, John, i loi
Rowbothome, Margery, ii. 253 ; Thomas, ii. 253
Rowe, Grace, u. 31
Rowell, William, ii. 278
Rowland, Richard, U. 113 ; Robert, ii 244
Rowlandson, John, i. 343 ; ii 88
Royall, Richard, ii. 76
Royle, Thomas, i. 239, 240
Ruddiere, Thomas, ii 2ig
Rudyard, John, i. 334
Rudyate, Jonathan, ii. 279
Rueby, John, ii. 212
Russell, Lord John, i. 358
Ryalls, Henry, i. 80
Ryley, John, i 123

Sacheverel, Henry, i. 59 ; John, i. 252
Sacheverell, Henry, ii. 94, 95, gg-104 ; Jacinth,
ii. 188 ; Ralph, ii 104, 187 ; Robert, U.
59, 294
Sackville, Edward, Earl of Dorset, i. 21
Sale, Joseph, i. 91 ; Richard, i 239, 240, 257;
ii. 105 ; Samuel Hodson, ii. 212 ; W. H.,
i gi ; William, i. 238, 257
Sales, Thomas, ii. 163
Salmond, Albert L., i 2og
Salt, William, i 80
Sanderson, Christopher, ii. 255
Sandes, Col., i 164 ; ColUngwood, ii. 107 ;
John, i 334; Samuel, i. 15
Sandon, Robert, ii 117
Saunders, Colonel, u. 63, 66, 70, 73, 74, 81,
160, i6l, 253, 254; Samuel, u. 53, 54;
Thomas, i 21, 116 ; ii 115, 116
Savadge, George, ii 219
Savile, George, ii. 59
Sawvey-Cookson, E. E., i 208
Sayle, Richard, u. 229
Scarsdale, Earl of, i. 24, 25, 170, 307
Scattergood, Mr., ii. 153
Sclater, Christopher, U. 103 ; John, i. 28, 89,
332
Scot, Reginald, ii. 86
Scrimshoe, Charles, ii. 59
Seale, Rev. John, ii 16
Seddon, Tymothy, i 361 ; Robert, i. 361
Sellers, John, i. 123

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

343

Selvester, John, ii. 257 ; Samuel, u. 257
Semp, Edvus, i 115
Senior, Richard, U. 173
Shallcrosse, John, u. 251 ; Leonard, i. 218
Shardley, Isaac, i. 82
Sharman, Thomas, n. 29, 30
Sharp, Samuel, i 382
Sharson, Harry, ii. 250
Shatwall, Robert, ii 33
Shaw, Godfrey, i 109; James, ii 147, 148;
John, ii 214; WiUiam, ii 25
Shawe, Robert, ii. 200
Sheepee, George, u. 160
Sheepie, Thomas, n. 32
Sheldon, Abraham, i 191 ; George, ii 37, 82,
141 ; Mr. Hugh, i. 102 ; ii. 65 ; William,
ii- 37
Shelley, n. 42 ; Francis, 11. 70
Shelmerdine, Dan., i 360; Tho., i 332-334,
360. 364
Sheperd, Richard, ii. 216
Shepherd, Elizabeth, U. 173, 174; Ralph, ii.
174 ; William, ii. 173
Shepley, Robert, ii. 212 ; Samuel, ii. 212
Sheppard, Richard, ii. 229
Sherley, Mr.,i 253
Sherwin, Joseph, ii. 21
Shevyn, Robert, i. 371
Shipley, Robert, ii. 214
Shidey, Sir Henry, i. 285
Shirt, Robert, i lig
Shore, WUliam, i. 122 ; ii. WUliam, 34, 36
Showell, Richard, i. 275 ; Robert, i 275
Shrewsbury, Countess of, i. 154 ; Earl of, i.
86, 145-154, 156, i5g, 168, i6g, 216-220,
238-241, 255-257, 263, 266, 269, 270-274,
277. 283; ii 96-104, 136, 152, 249, 250;
Gilbert, u. 283 ; Lady, 280
Sidebottom and Co., U. 213
Silcock, Richard, u. 63, 64 ; Robert, ii 63
Silkslone, Henry, i 158
Simpson, Blyth, i 117, 122-124; ii- 12, IS, 16,
55; Richard, i 260, 261, 266; Roger, i
270; Samuel, i 122; ii 194; William,
M.D., i. 208
Sims, Elisha, u. n ; James Henry, U. 15 ; John,
ii IS
Simson, Richard, i. 262
Sitwell, Edward Sacheverel, i 62 ; Francis, i
61 ; George, ii 17, 18, 57-5g, 148, 220,
28g ; Sir George, i 63 ; Sitwell, i 210
Skeats, Mr. Herbert, i. 320
Skinner, Thomas, i in
Slack, Richard, n. 84
Slater, Christopher, i 336 ; Mr., i. 122 ;
Richard, ii 113
Slator, Thomas, ii. 247
Sleigh, Elizabeth, n. 138, 177 ; Francis, u. 32 ;
James, ii. 105 ; Samuel, i g2, 108 ; Sir
Samuel, ii 115
Smedley, Johes, i. 82 ; John, ii. 279 ; Joseph,
ii. 246 ; Robert, ii. 47 ; Thomas, i. 80 ;
William, u. 254 ; Willus, i. 81
Smelter, Will., i 278
Smith, Abraham, i 334; Alice, ii 84; B. E.,
i 2og ; Benjamin, i. 185 ; Draycot, i 2ig ;
Francis, ii 81; Gervase, i 312; John, i
371, 381 ; ii 247 ; Josh., i 315 ; Lawrence,
i. 312; Richard, i 211; Samuel, ii I7g;
Thomas, ii l8g ; Toulmin, U. 133; Wil
liam, i. 313 ; ii. 8g

Smilter, Dorothy, i 312 ; WiUiam, i 312
Smithson, Mrs., ii. 277 ; Samuel, ii. 277
Smylter, John, i n I
Smyth, Sir Francis, i. 285 ; Mr. Henry, i 242 ;
Jervas, i 82; Thomas, ii 2ig
Smythe, Robert, i. g6
Snape, Andrew, ii. 2go, 291
Snell, Anne, ii. 165
Snibson, John, ii. 208 ; Mr., i 103
Snow, Joseph, ii. 49
Southern, Thomas, ii. 128
Southwell, WUliam, i. 313
Southworlh, John, i 275
Sowter, George, ii. 279 ; Robert, ii. 76 ; Thos.,
i 115
Spalton, William, ii. 80
Sparks, Samuel, U. 257
Spateman, John, i. 307 ; ii. 59, 228
Spencer, John, ii.85, 27g ; Jonathan, i 82; U.
62 ; Richard, i. 265 ; Robert, ii. 103, 104 ;
WiUiam, i. 384
Spendlove, Thomas, ii. 246
Spenser, John, i. 200; Mary, i. 164
Spray, 'William, ii. X28
Stables, William, ii. 144
Stafford, Daniel, ii. 214
Staley, Francis, ii. 244 ; Rich., i. 80
Stamford, Earl of, i. 188
Stanhope, Charles, i. 72 ; John, i. 72 ; U. 59,
94, 95, 100, lOl, III, 169, 242, 276, 278;
Madam, ii. 278 ; Philip, ii. i8g ; Sir Thomas,
i- 26g, 334
Stanley, Sir Thomas, i 253
Stanton, Charles, ii. 2g7 ; Samuel, ii. 2g7
Stapleton, Elizabeth, U. 165
Starkey, Thomas, ii. 289
Statham, John, i 309, 310 ; ii. 228 ; Joseph, ii.
246 ; WiUiam, ii 246
Steedman, i 285
Stenson, John, ii. 219
Stephenson, Richard, i 88, 8g
Stevenson, John, u. 113 ; Sally, i 8 ; William,
i. log
St. Ledger, Captain, i 216
Stone, Francis, i. 83, 84 ; Tho., ii 108
Stones, Jane, i. 340; Tho., ii. 5g
Stookes, Henry, ii. 160
Storer, John, i g6 ; Wm., i. 332
Story, Martha, ii. 180
Strangeways, Major, ii. 40
Strutt, Edward, i 113 ; ii 212 ; George Benson,
ii 212; G. B., i 171 ; G. H., i 200, 201,
204, 208 ; Capt. Herbert, i. 200 ; John, i
103, 104 ; Joseph, i 200, 201, 203, 205,
208 ; ii 212 ; W. G., i. 201
Stuart, Arabella, i 154, 380 ; Charles, ii 66 ;
Charles Edward, i ig4, 310, 311 ; James,
i 310 ; ii 87
Stubbing, Joshua, i. 87, 90 ; Richard, ii. 59
Sumner, Eras., ii. 212; John, ii 290, 291
Sutton, George, i 218; Sir George, n. 250;
Thos., i 237 ; U. 162
Swaine, Thomas, ii. 46
Swan, Robert, ii. 64
Swanne, Edward, i. 3g2, 3g3 ; Rowland, i no
Swetnam, Tho., i 278
Swift, Gilbert, ii. 33
Swindell, Anthus, i 81 ; George, i. 80
Swyndell, Mary, ii. 165
Syddall, Croth., i 278 ; Mary, i 278
Sydebotham, Elizabeth, ii n8

344 Sykes, Thomas, u. 224, 225
Sympson, Johes, i. 82
Talbot, George, i 23 ; Lord George, ii. 24g ;
Gilbert, i. 24, 272
Tally, Johes, i 82
Tamworthy, Mrs., i. 284
Tanfield, John, i 275
Tantum, WUliam, u. 63
Taylor, Ben., ii 33; Elizabeth, 1. 112; 1. E.
v., i 2og ; George, i. ng ; Henry, 11. 117 ;
John, i. 62, 35g; u. 6, 113; Mattheus, 1.
81; Mrs., ii 30; S., ii 85; Thomas, i.
122 ; u. 64 ; WiUiam, u. 84
Taylor- Whitehead, G. H., i 208
Tebbatt, Luke, u. 84
Tebutt, Christopher, U. 2g4
Thacker, Gilbert, u. 120, 249 ; Godfrey, 11. 189
Thomasson, Francis, i in
Thompson, Martin, ii. 25
Thornell, Thomas, u. 68
Thorneley, Thomas, ii. 213
ThornhiU, Mr. Bache, i 62, 191, 208 ; n. 35,
47 ; George, i. 312 ; Henry, i 188
Thorp, Christopher, ii. 82 ; Thos., ii 257
Thorpe, WiUiam, ii. 149
Thurlow, Lord, i. 379
Tomlinson, Johes, i. 81 ; Ralph, u. 63
Tompson, John, ii 243 ; Mr., ii 153
Topcliffe, Richard, i. 58
Topham, Martin, i. 332, 333, 364 ; ii 254
Toplis, Willus, i. 81
Torratt, Francis, ii. 8g
Towgoode, George, ii. 191
TowUe, Ambrose, ii 279
Town, William, ii 278
Towndrow, Thomas, i 340
Townsend, William, i 80
Trentham, Sir Thomas, i 285
Trevor, Sir John, ii 150
Tricket, Sam., i 334
Tristram, John, i. 314
Trott, Baptist, ii. 223
Trout, John, i n i
Trowell, William, ii. 278
Tuck, Mark, ii 49, 50
Turbutt, W. G., i. 208
Tunstead, Anthony, i 96 ; John, i 96, g8, 272,
273
Turner, Sir Christopher, ii. 72 ; Edward, ii. 42 ;
Geo., i 371 ; John, u. sg; Mr., ii 137,
138, 244, 245 ; Thomas, ii. 210 ; William,
i. 109 ; ii. 41, 42
Turnor, Edward, ii. 231 ; Mrs. Elizabeth, ii.
231, 232
Twigg, John, i 62, 209
Twigge, Raches, i. 115
Twist, Alice, U. 165
Tyrer, George, u. 53-55

Underwood. Thomas, ii. 142
Unwin, Robert, i. 384

Vansittart, u. 122
Varden, Richard, i. 332, 333 ; U. 67
Vause, Mrs., i. 284
Vaux, Hon. Anne, i. 286
Verminden, Sir Cornelius, ii 78

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

Vernon, Sir Edward, i. 59, 92, 169 ; ii. 216 ;
George, i. 337 ; Sir George, ii. 5g, 250 ;
Henry, i 92 ; ii. 223, 249 ; Sir John, i
254; Lord, i 91, 206, 210, 214; Sir
Richard , i 59 ; WiUus, i 82
Vessy, Mr., u. 6, 14
Vicars, Mary, ii. 44
Vincent, Thomas, i 82

Wade, Nicholas, i. 275, 276
Wadsworth, Mr., i. 123
Wagg, Ann, ii. 88-go ; WiUiam, ii. 86
Wagstaff, George, ii 124 ; Thomas, u. 223
Wagstaffe, John, i 386
Wainwright, Robert, ii. 257
Waite, Richard, i. 82
Wake, Baldwin, i 85 ; Margaret, i 85 ; Thomas
le, i. 85
Wakelin, Clement, u. 64
Waldy, H., i. 209
Walheade, Laurance, i. loi
Walker, Chas., i 336; ii 214; Col., i. 212;
George, i. 96 ; Henry, u. 32 ; Hugh Eccles,
i 87; J., U. 14, 32, 35; Mr., i 102; ii
114; P. C, i 214 ; Thomas, ii. 30 ; W. A. ,
i 87, 209 ; William, u. 32, 90
Wall, George, U. 247
Wallace, Samuel, U. 179
Wallis, GUbert, i. 333
Wallker, Joseph, i 80
Wallop, Sir Henry, i. 218
Wallton, Richard, ii 32
Walsingham, Francis, i. 254, 257
Walsyngham, Sir Francis, i. 150 ; ii. 104
Walter, C, i 124
Walton, Christopher, ii. 100, loi ; John, i. 239,
240, 259 ; Michael, i. 366
Ward, Abraham, ii 31, 24g ; C, U. 27g ; Ed
ward, i. 208 ; James, ii. 124 ; Rev. John, i.
243; Samuel, i 117, 361, 366; Thomas,
ii 212 ; William, ii. 24, 46
Warde, Johes, i. 115 ; Warde, Richard, ii. 141
Wardell, John, ii. 165
Wardle, William, ii. 163
Wardlow, Wm., ii 213
Warner, Father John, i 2gg
Warren, Arthur, ii. 2g4
Washington, Mrs., i 211
Waterhouse, Benj., ii 212
Waterpark, Lord, i. 113
Wathend, Thomas, i. in
Watkinson, i. 332, 333 ; Godfrey, i gg, 100 ;
John, ii. 105
Watson, i 114; Frances, U. 162; John, i 27;
Mr., i 275; Richard, ii 80; Mr. White,
i 8
Watterhouse, Thomas, i 335
Weare, Edrus, i. 82
Webb, John, i 37g ; Tho., ii 211 ; William, ii
2g6
Webster, Elizabeth, ii 8g ; Humfrus, i 115;
Rev. Thomas, ii 213 ; Wm., u. 247
Wede, Johes, i. 82
Weild, Ralph, i 341
Welch, John, ii. 297
Weldon, F. H., i 209
Westmoreland, Earl of, i 237
Wetton, Henry, i. 96, 97 ; John, U. 80
Weyte, Henricus, i. 115
Wheatcroft, Rich.ard, ii. 37

INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS.

345

¦Wheldon, EUas, ii lo
Whiston, J. W., ii 33; William, i go, 103;
WiUiam Harvey, i. 91
Whitall, Mr., i. 275 ; Robert, i. 88
While, Capt., i 214; Samuel, i 84
Whitehall, William, u. 80
Whitehead, Jonathan, n. 278
Whithall, John, U. 107 ; Mr., i 253
.Whiting, Francis, i. 123
Whitley, Mr. Dolphin, i 123 ; Richard, u. 181
Whittaker, John, ii. 31
Whittington, Luke, ii. 115
Whitworth, Mark, ii 128
Whyte, Thomas, ii. 180, i8l
Wiberley, Thomas, ii. 114
WigfaU, Henry, ii. 76, 115 ; John, ii. 59
Wigley, John, ii. 115 ; Roger, i 96
Wilcock, John, i 313 ; ii. 74, 75 ; Wm., i. 313
WUcockson, John, i in, 312 ; Richard, i in
Wild, Immanuel, i 383, 388 ; Jonathan, ii. 28 ;
Philip, u. 70, 72
Wildes, William, u. 25
Wilkin, Miles, i. 278
Wilkins, John, ii. 5g
Wilkinson, George, i. 158; John, i 86, 8g
' Willeghby, Henry, i. 158
! WiUiamot, George, ii. 65
' WilUams, Edward, ii 2g7
Williamson, Henry, ii 66 ; Mich., i. 272, 273 ;
Mr., i 275; Mrs., i 275; Thos., ii 299,
300
WilUs, i. 28 ; Georgius, i 81 ; WiUiam, i. 122 ;
ii. 142
Willmot, Nich., ii. 71
Willoughby, Catherine, i 312 ; Charles Fairfax,
i 312; Fras., i 312; Sir Henry, i. 169;
ii. 188, 191 ; John, ii loi, 187; Michael,
i. 88, 8g
Willson, Charles, ii. 294 ; Thomas, i 82
Wilmot, F., i 384 ; Fras. Baldidon, i 171, 181 ;
H. Sacheverel, i 359; Sir Henry, V.C,
C.B., i. 206; Sir Henry Sacheverel, i. 103,
I 104 ; Mr., i 12 ; Robert, i 61, 183 ; u.
¦ 30. 51, S3, 54, 59, 179; Sir Robt., i 210-
213
Wilson, John, i 80; R., i. 388; Thomas, i
108; i log; WUliam, i 123
Wilughby, Hen., ii. 107-109
Wingfield, James, i. 122 ; ii. 37, 247
Winter, n. 149; Robert, i. 280, 281
Wintone, James, i. 160

Withers, John, ii. 131
Wolley, Adam, ii 200, 219; J., i 270; John,
ii 108 ; Mr., i 52
Wood, Anthony, i 333 ; Sir Charles, ii. 126 ;
Geo., ii 219 ; John, i 385 ; ii 84, 210-213 ;
Robert, i 208; U. 141; Seth, i 352;
Thomas, i 216 ; ii 254, 255
Woodcock, Eleanor, i. 312 ; Wm., i. 275
Woodhead, Alice, i. 346
Woodhouse, Francis, U. 255
Woodriffe, Edward, i. 107
Woods, George, ii. 32
Woodward, Elizabeth, ii. 143 ; George, ii 63 ;
Henry, ii. 142 ; John, ii. 25, 250
Woolley, Sarah, ii. 165
Wootton, George, i. 122
Worrall, Henry, ii. 164 ; John, i. 383
Worth, John, i. 80
Worthington, Isaac, i 123
Wragg, William, ii. 14, 20, 21
Wray, Frances, ii. 128 ; Lucy, ii. 128; Mary, U.
128 ; Rev. William, U. 128
Wright, Anne, ii. 165 ; Anthony, i. 108, 109,
340 ; Capt., i. 183 ; Eleanor, U. 38 ; George,
ii 20; James, ii 70, 117, 118; John, i
29, 102, 103, 120, 121 ; ii 15, 257, 276 ;
Robert, i. 122, 191 ; Samuel, i 336 ;
Thomas, u. 59, 287 ; William, ii. 141
Wryght, John, i 1 18
Wyatt, James, i. 379 ; William, i 379
Wyerdale, John, ii. 142
Wyld, Capt. Gervase, i. 24 ; John, ii. 67
Wylde, Elizabeth, i 312; Jervis, i 312
Wylne, Wills, i. 115

¦yates, Johes, i. 81 ; Robert, ii. 32
Yeulet, Robert, i. in
York, Duke of, i. 203, 291, 296, 358
Yorke, Anthony, i. 319
Youle, Oliver, ii. 146
Young, A. W., i 209
Yuce, John, ii. 249 ; Richard, ii. 249

Zacheverell, Mr., i. 275
Zinzendorf, Count, i. 373
Zouch, Sir John, i 23, 146, 237, 269
Zouche, John, U. 104, 187

346

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

Abbott's Bromley, ii. 150
Abney, i 122, 365
Addenborough, i. 333
Alderwasley, i. 208 ; u. 144, 145, 165 •
Alfreton, i. 121, 168, 185, 213, 316, 361, 390;
u. 77, 81, 118, 145, l6l, 207, 210, 244,
286, 301
Algiers, ii. no
Alkmonton, i. 285
AUestree, ii. 16
AUestry, i 117, 121, 352-355 ; U. 198
Alport, i. 230 ; ii. 65
Alport Ford, ii. 223
Alrewas, i. 391
Alsop, i 115 ; ii 113
Alvaston, ii. 280, 300
Ambaston, i 109 ; ii. 275-278
Appletree, Hundred of, i 91, 93, loi, 102, 112,
154, 157, 192, 208, 211, 220, 231, 284, 285,
290, 325, 352; ii 95, 100, 107, 113, 191,
213, 295
Arleston, i 112
Arnold, i 361
Ashbourne, i. n, 65, 71, 90, 103, 115, 121-124,
153, 154, 183, 191, 198, 199, 202, 205, 210,
211, 218, 222, 275, 311-313, 316, 331, 341,
364; ii. 29, 32, 33, 37, 46, 47, 80, 114,
i6o, 169, 180, 181, 190, 191, ig4-ig7, 208,
220, 230, 233, 236, 2g6, 2g7
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, i. 24 ; ii. 233, 234
Ashby Fallows, i. 285
Asheton, i. 275
Ashford, i 84, 132, 217, 344, 347, 364, 365;
ii 112, 224, 225, 2g8
Ashleyhay, ii. 144, 145
Ashover, i 86, 87, 107, 115, 118, 121, 338, 340,
344, 365; ii- 57, 85, 86, 145, 171, 207
Ashover Moor, ii. 43
Ashton, i 122
Aspley, i. 312
Asshe, i 115
Aston-on-Trent, i igg, 238, 257 ; ii. 223
Allow, i 331 ; ii. 200
Awkemonton, i 275
BakeweU, i. 7-1 1, 115, 123, 154-159, 166, 167,
X83, 186, 191, 206, 213, 217, 275, 307, 313,
314, 318, 325, 342-345. 347, 351, 354, 356,
371, 379, 381, 386, 387, 390, 391 ; ii- 17.
18, 30. 34, 35, 38, 47, 49, 63, 77, 88, 94,
124, 126, 187, 197, 206, 225, 228, 230, 236,
.251, 2g6, 301
BaUidon, i 331
Bamford, i 316
Banges, i 390

Bank End, i 365 ; ii. 235
Banner Cross, i 73
Barbadoes, i. 341
Barlborough, i 121, 286, 390; ii. 82, 103, 207,
210, 298
Bariow, i. 274, 379, 380 ; ii. 207, 245
Barnard Castle, i 237
Barrow, i. 309
Barrow-on-Trent, i 360
Barton, i 268, 285, 312; ii 149, 150, 228
Barton-under-Needwood, i. 79
Baslow, i. 9, 122, 185, 217, 220, 344; ii 171,
217, 221
Beachy Head, i. 183
Beard, ii. 145, 235
Beaston, ii. 280
Beauchief, ii. 207
Beaurepaire, ii 224
Bedfordshire, ii. 291
Beeley, i. 386-388
Beighton, i. 122, 123, 312 ; ii 171, ig5, 207, 210
Bellport, i. 218
Belper, i 122, 153, 171, ig9-207, 361; ii 63,
81, 84, 94, 165, 212, 221, 224, 228, 235,
2S4, 301
Belton, ii. 153
Belvoir Castle, ii. 3, g4
Berkshire, i. 74, 78, 325 ; ii 4g, 291
Bernwood Forest, i 74
Berwick-on-Tweed, i 379, 380
Biggin, u. 165
Birmingham, i 361
Blackwall, ii 105
Black water, i. 219
Blackwell, i 115, 388
Boden, i 217
Boden Midlecall, ii. 198
Bodleian I.,ibrary, i. 73
Bolsover, i 21, 87, 340, 344; ii 82, 146, 171,
207, 210 ..
Bonsall, i 331, 332 ; ii 37, 105, 208, 231
Bonteshall, i. 364
Borrowash, i. 66
Boulogne, i 205 ; ii. 102
Boulton, ii. 300
Bowden Chapel, i. 347, 351
Bowdon Middletake, i. loi
Brackenfield, i 99, 100 ; ii 207
Bradbourne, i 79-81, 330, 364, 390
Bradford, ii. 222
Bradley, ii. 84, 86, 94, 95, 142
Bradway, ii. 176
Bradwell, i 365 ; ii. 301
Brailsford, i. 202, 205 ; ii. 66, 94, 149, 176, ig7
Brampton, i. 121, 123, 321, 336, 361, 386, 387 \
U. 105, 138, 171, 210

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

347

Branston, i 82
Brassington, i. 80, 81, 331, 363; U. 37,- 208, 233
Breadsall, i. 7g, 199, 239, 325, 349 ; ii. 198, 226
Breaston, ii 169
Breda, i 291
Breedon, i. 79
Bretby, i. 82, 92 ; ii. 84
Breyslon, i 115
Brierley Wood, ii. 235
Brighton, i. 172
Brimington, i 85, 312
Brinsworth, ii. 234
British Museum, u. 205, 231
Broadbottom, i 122
Bromley Regis, i. 71
Brussels, i. 297
Bubnell, ii. 38
Bucks., i 74
Bull Bridge, ii. 228, 235, 300
Burnaston, i 115
Burton Parke, i. 275
Burton-on-Trent, i 95, 162, 164 ; ii 145, 153,
180, 233, 235, 299
Bury St. Edmunds, n. 87
Buxton, i 84, 124, 2x2, 270, 316, 363, 364, 381 ;
n. 61, 112, 171, 230-236, 296, 29g, 301

Caldwell, i 164, 352 ; ii 121, 172
Calke, i 92, 211
Calow, i. 121 ; ii 145, 227, 230
Calver, i 121, 122, 312 ; ii 26g
Cambridge, i 30, 258, 272, 290, 317, 333, 360-
365
Canaries, The, ii. 193
Canterbury, i 78
Carsinglon, i 115, 241, 331, 332, 336, 347, 352,
361, 364
Castle Gresley, i. 284, 359 ; ii 143, 144
Castleton, i. g, 380, 382, 3go ; u. 26, 233, 301
Cavendish Bridge, ii. 234
Chaddesden, i. 213, 214, 352 ; ii 84, 165, I7g,
244, 255
Chaddeston, ii 51
Chapel Bar, ii 262
Chapel-en-le-Frith, i n, loi, 152, 287, 356,
365. 377, 390; ii- 43, 198, 222, 235, 236,
2g2, 301
, Charlesworth, i 338, 365 ; ii 174, 212, 214
Charnwood I'orest, i 285
Chalsworth, i. 185, i8g, 207, 208, 310
Chebsey, i. 79
Chellaston, i. 242
Chelmarton, ii 112, 141
Chelsea, i 3*3 ; ii 151, 156
Chelmorton, i 217, 365, 377
Cheshire, i. 213, 215, 344, 354, 380 ; ii. 153, 2og,
300
Chfester, i 216-222, 252, 361, 362 ; u. 84
Cbiesterfield, i 7-11, 20, 84-87, g8, 100, 103,
112, 118, 120-124, i5o-i5g, 167, 183, 185,
i8g, igo, 202, 210, 211, 215,241, 307, 313,
316, 318, 325, 336, 346, 347, 353, 354, 361,
365, 366, 376, 377. 380, 382, 385, 387, 393 ;
n. 17, 18, 20, 26, 29, 31-35, 38, 46, 47, 61,
79, 94, 95, 107-110, 117, 136, i4g, 158-160,
168, 172, 181, ig3, ig4, 207, 210, 221, 228,
232-236,- 248-250, 262, 288, 28g, 296-298,
301
¦nevinside, ii. 160
ihevin. The, ii. 44, 63, 173

Chisworth, i 372
Chudleigh, i 312
Church Broughton, ii. 68, 165
Church Gresley, ii. 143, 144, 234
Clay Cross, i 316
Clay Lane, ii. 145
Clerkenwell, i. 273
Clifton, i 122, 312; ii 165
Clowne, i 244, 346 ; ii. 103, 146, 207
Coal Aston, ii. 207
Codnor, i 23, 115, 205, 312; ii 63, 104, 1x3,
165, 228
Cole Aston, i 108, 109
Cold Aston, ii. 142, 143, 165
Coldwall, ii. 222
Compstow, i 122
Compton, ii 165
Congeston, ii. 153
Colon, ii. 64
Coton-in-the-Elms, ii. 172
Coventry, i. 291
Cowley, ii. 166
Creslowe, ii. gg
Crich, i. 124, 208, 213, 331, 332, 334, 360; ii
67, x6i, 2g8, 300
Cromford, ii. 78, 165, 171, 208, 231, 235, 243
Croxall, i 21 ; ii 172
Croyland, i 74
Cumberland, ii. 93

Dainewall, ii. 78
Dalbury, ii. 177
Dalbury Lees, i 115, x66 ; ii 177
Dale Abbey, i 189 ; ii 113, l6g, 256
Darleigh, ii. 228
Darley, i log, 121, 122, 217, 256; ii 65, 112,
113, 128, 162, 171, 221
Darley Dale, i. 344 ; ii. 124
Darley MiU, ii. 234
DarnaU, i 312
Denbighshire, i 37g, 380
Denby, i 344; ii 18, gS, 105, 165
Denmark, ii. ig3
Derby, i 7-12, 15, 27, 28, 33, 68, 7g, 83, 88-gi,
94, 97, 99, 107, no, 113-115, 117, 122, 124,
151-154, 157-159, 164, 170, 183, 186, 188,
193, 198, 199, 207-211, 214, 230, 23g, 252,
253, 25g-267, 270, 272, 275, 277, 280-282,
286, 287, 2g8-300, 307, 3og, 311, 314-316,
325, 339-341, 345-349, 353, 3S8, 361-364,
379-390; ii 3-6, g-ii, 13-18, 20, 22, 25-31,
36, 38-57, 61, 68-71, 76, 77, 86, loi, 103,
107, 108, 110-115, ng, 125, 150, 153, 155,
156, 163, 165, 168, 171-175, 181, 188-190,
193, 194, 206, 217, 223, 228-239, 247, 248,
257, 268, 288-291, 293, 297, 301
Derby Hills, i. 92
Derwent, i 316, 372; ii 68, 225, 230
Dethick, i. 121
Devon, ii 100, in, igi
Devonshire, i. 182
Dinting, i 261 ; ii 214
Disley, ii. 235
Doncaster, i. 361 ; ii. 232
Donisthorpe, ii. 143, 144
Dore, i gg, 100, 384 ; ii 207
Dorsetshire, i 325
Douay, i. 258, 259, 262
Dovebridge, i 10, 287, 338; ii 33, 113
Dover, i 222

348

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACE.S.

Doveridge, i. 121, 122 ; u. 126
Drakelowe, ii 144
Draycott, i I2i, 352 ; ii 137, l6g
Drayton, i. 339
Dreacott, ii. 84
Dronfield, i 83, 109, 254, 269, 270, 287, 336,
384, 387 ; ii- 79, 106, 121, 171, 176, 207,
210, 257
Drury Lane Theatre, ii. 129
Duckmanton, ii. 207
Dufiield, i 115, 199, 390; ii 44, 63, 76, 1x3,
143, 147, 156, 173, 174, 198, 218, 225, 233
Duffield Ford, ii. 218, 228
Dunston, i. 276 ; ii 227

Earl Sterndale, i. 385, 388
EastwoU, i 312
Eastwood, ii. 235
Eaton, U. 113
Eckington, i 11, 122, 162, 285 ; U. 17, 171, 207,
210, 233, 234, 239, 288, 301
Edale, i. 380, 382
Edensor, i 121 ; ii 171
Edinburgh, ii. 290
Egginton, i 122, 154, 338 ; ii 76, 153, 217
Egstowe, i 351
Elaston, ii. 153
Elmton, i 199, 379 ; ii 207
Elton, i 381-383 ; ii 37, 208
Elvaston, i 66, 72; ii. in, 275-280
Ely, i 252
Essex, i 337 ; ii. 291
Estwood Hall, u. 57
Etwall, i 115, 122, 252, 285, 287 ; ii 68, 197
Exeter, ii 290
Eyam, i 9, 217, 220, 345 ; U. 198

Fairfield, i. 115, 363, 383, 390-3g4 ; ii- 145
Fernilee, ii. 2gg, 300
Findern, i. 352, 360, 361 ; ii. 166
Flagge, i 107
Flanders, ii 28, ig3, 210
Flintshire, i. 37g, 380
Foolow, i 121, 352
Ford Hall, i. 6g", 73, 79, 365
Foremark, i. 82
Foston, i. 70, 76, 80 ; ii. 80, 142, 198
Foxlow House, i. 72
Froggat, ii. 221
Furness, i 347

Glapwell, i no, 122, 170, 366; ii 103, 104,
171, 207, 210
Glascote, ii. 80
Glossop, i 84, 1x2, 152, 214, 261, 314-316,325,
338, 365, 383, 386-388 ; ii 88, 145, 174,
212, 2x4, 230, 292, 301
Glossopdale, i. 152
Goatham, ii 24
Grangefield, i. 352
Gratton, i 372
Greasley, ii. 197
Great Barlow, i. 121
lireat Burdworth, i 354
Great Hucklow, ii. 198
Great Longston, ii 141, 181
Great Rowsley, ii. 113
Greaves, i. 337

Greenhill Moor, ii. 233
Greenwich, i 154, 268; ii 99, 187
Grenber Bar, u. 235
Gresley, i. 92, 214, 379
Grindleford, i 122; ii. 221
Grindlow, ii. 198
Guernsey, ii. 193

Haddon, i 23, 264, 266, 269, 281
Haddon Fields, ii. 82
Hadfield, i. 316; U. 212, 213
Hallome, ii 221
Hallowes, ii. 142
Ham, i 312
Hampton Court, i 270, 271 ; ii 73, 187
Hanging Bridge, ii 223
Handsworth Woodhouse, ii. 77
Hardwick, i. 280 ; ii. 104
Harthill, i. 218
Hartington, i. 107, 221, 385, 390; n. 138, 145,
162, 165, 208, 222, 230
Hartshill, ii. 76
Hartshorne, i. 82, 23g, 338, 362 ; ii. 146, 147,
256
Harstoft, ii. 158
Harwood Grange, i. 25g
Haselbadge, i 115 ; ii 198
Hasland, i 165 ; ii. 171
Hassop, i X2X, 166, 285, 307, 312-316 ; ii 166
Hathersage, i. loi, no, 160, 217, 246, 287, 307,
312-316 ; ii 164, 250
Hatton, i 115
Hatton Moor, ii. 6x
Hault Hucknall, ii 210
Hayfield, i 382 ; ii 214
Hazleford, ii 221
Hazelwood, i. igg, 34g ; U. 18, 44, 63, 81, 145,
147, 173. 174
Headnaston, ii. 84
Heafield, i 382
Heage, ii. 228
Heanor, i 115, 163, 165, 205, 347 ; ii 163
Heath, ii 207, 210
Heathcote, ii. 165
Hedleston Hall, i 285
Heeley, ii. 257
Holder, The, i 205
Hesley Hall, i 73
Heyfield, i. 163, 335
Higginton, ii. 146
Higham, ii 201, 217, 2g5
Highfield, i. 286, 313
Highlow, i 268
High Peak, Hundred of, i. g2, 93, 98, loi, 102,
112, 154-158, ig2, 211, 220, 231, 259, 281,
290, 325, 347, 373 ; ii- 3i, 34, 95, 100, 108,
X12, 113, 154, 187, 192, 206, 208, 210, 213,
224, 292, 301 I
Hognaston, i. 331 ; ii. 37
Holbrook, i 199-201, 213
Holland, i. 115 ; ii 117, 153, igo, 193, 209, 29*3
Holme, i 115
Holmehall, ii. 105
Holmesfield, i. 384 ; ii 164, 207, 245
Holmesgate, ii. 145
Holyhead, ii. 290
Hope, i 166, 168, 217, 220, 221, 347, 383,
392 ; U. 141, 198, 250, 29g, 300
Hope Woodlands, ii 235
Hopton, i 213, 363 ; ii 84, 108, no, 230

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

349

HopweU, ii 103, 113
Horsley, i 121, 123, 205 ; ii 171, 254, 255
Horsley Woodhouse, i 123, 124; ii.. 171, 231
Horton, ii 201
Hucklow, i 365
Hull, ii i8g
Hulland, ii. 198, 247
Hungerford, i. 78
"Huntingdon, ii. 87

Idridgehay, ii. 145, 166
Ilkeston, i 122, 213, 316, 336, 369; ii 88-go,
145, i6g, 234
Ireton, ii 160, 165

Jamaica, i, 341
Jersey, U. 150, 151

Kedleston, i. 202 ; ii. 255
Kent, i 182 ; u. 2gi
Keyworth, i 275
Kilburn, ii 171
Killamarsh, i 312, 313 ; ii 49, 171, 207, 210
King's Newton, i 115 ; ii 165, 175, 229
Kingston, ii. 40
^insale, ii. 95
Kirby, i 272
Kirk Hallam, u. 234
Kirk Ireton, i 92, 115, 331, 332, 390; ii 94,
161, x66, 176, 230
Kirk Langley, i 361 ; ii. 4
Kirk Levington, i 29
ICniveton, i 80, 81, 92, 331 ; ii. 113, 114

Lambeth, i 252
Lancashire, i 25, 124, 213, 215, 324, 325, 361,
376, 380; ii 53, 54, in, 151, 209
Lancaster, i. 271
Langley, i 115; U. 163
Langwith, i 338 ; ii 207
Lea, i 275
Leeds, i. 373
Lees, i 115 ; ii. 103
Leicester, i. 298, 299 ; ii. 235, 237, 291
Leicestershire, i 25, 84, 92, 97, 275, 285, 311,
32g. 339, 362 ; U. 172, 196, 205
Lenton, ii. 234
Lichfield, i 97, 156, 239, 244, 245, 291, 318,
337. 362, 390 ; ii. 83
Linacre, ii. 103
Lincoln, i 76, 292
Mncolnshire, i 97, 280, 344; ii. 146, 231, 292
union, i 112 ; ii. 172
Litchurch, ii. 165
Little Chester, i 117, 344 ; ii. 17X
Little Eaton, i. 199
jitle Hallam, i. 122 ; ii. 169
..ittle Hucklow, ii. 198
Jttle lireton, i 21 ; u. 73, 74
..ittle Longton, ii. 198
jttle Ogle, i. 275
L.ittle Rowsley, ii. 113
'Jttle Sheffield, n. 262
kittle Wilne, ii. 137
:.itton, i. 365 ; ii. 45, 198
Liverpool, i. 216 ; ii. 52-55, 235
:^oads Knowl Quarries, u. 235

Locko, i. 21X, 296, 308, 345 ; ii 18
Locko Moor, ii. 228
London, i. 152, 203, 217, 221, 240, 252, 261-
266, 272, 273, 276, 279, 282, 284, 292, 312,
317, 321, 324, 325, 335, 366, 373, 376; ii
17, 41, 52, 70, 86, loi, 104, ng, 120, 156,
159, 194, 223, 233, 236, 237, 2go
Long Eaton, i. 316 ; ii. 294
Longford, i 88 ; ii. 125, 156, 256
Longston, i 9, 115, 344; n. 171
Loscoe, i. 163, 165 ; ii. 63
Loughborough, i 205, 206 ; ii. 291
Ludworth, i. 372
LuUington, i 214, 379 ; ii 64, 146, 147, 197

Macclesfield, i 230
Mackworth, i. 115, 363 ; n. 16
Malcoffe, i 365
Manchester, i. 332 ; ii. 44, 223, 235
Mansfield, i 339 ; n. 210, 228, 233, 235
Mapperley, i 361 ; ii. 169
Mappleton, ii. x 14, 222
Markeaton, U. 145, 153, 228
Market Harborough, ii. 291
Marley, i. 275
Marple Bridge, i 316
Marston, ii 153, 228
Marston Montgomery, i. 122, 220
Marston-on-Dove, i 390; ii. 256, 295
Martin Bridge, ii. 234
Marton, i. 115 ; ii 153, 228
Maryland, 51, 55
Matlock, i 52, 121, 200, 331, 332, 344, 352,
360, 364; li 37, 75, 145, 171, 197-200,
208, 233
Matlock Bank, i. 347
Matlock Bath, u. 231, 297
Matlock Bridge, i 316; ii 262
Maysham, i 369
Measham, i. 92
Melbourne, i 115, 122, 166, 183, 325, 371 ; U.
105, 174, 228, 229, 301
Mellor, i. 383, 386-388 ; ii. 6x, 295, 299
Menill Langley, i. 109
Mercaston, i. 25g, 264 ; U. g4, 103, 198
Meynell Langley, ii. 141
Mickleover, i 121, 219, 243, 350, 360, 361 ; n.
149
Middleton, i 365 ; 11. 37, 113, 171, 208, 243
Middlesex, i 79, X24,
MUford, u. 212
MiUer's Dale, i 312
MUton, i 82
Monmouth, ii. 150
Monyash, i 79, 121, 343, 347 ; ii 38, 141, 142
More Hall, i 256, 257
Morleston, i 85
Morleston and Litchurch, Hundred of, i 9o-g2,
g7, xoi, 102, 112, 154, 157, ig2, 207, 208,
211, 231, 284, 2go, 325, 352; ii 95, 100,
107, 113, 188-191, 213, 223
Morley, i 115 ; ii 47, 104
Morley Park, u. 63
Morton, ii. 103, 207
Mount St. Mary, i 316
Mugginton, i 21, 338, 372, 390; U. 74, 198,
256
Mytham, i. 122

3SO

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

Naworth, i 237
Netherhirst, i. 268
Newall, ii. 234, 235
Newark, ii. 234
Newbold, i 122, 123, 307, 308 ; ii 171, 178,
227
Newbury, ii. 49
Newcastle, ii. 153
Newhall, u. 66, 104
Newhaven, ii. 233, 262
New MUls, i 316 ; u. 214
Newton Solney, i 82
Norbrooke, i 280
Norbury, i 169, 252, 266, 307, 312, 338 ; ii.
56
Normanton, ii 103
Northampton, i 205, 317 ; ii 15, 153, 237, 290,
2gx
Northamptonshire, i. g7, 275, 27g, 317
North Lees, i. 259, 263, 307, 308
Northumberland, ii. 93
North Winfield, i 159, 239, 347, 351 ; U. 78,
145, 2X0, 228
Norton, i 118, 122; ii 171, 207, 210, 257
Norway, ii 193
Norwich, i 317
Nottingham, i. 52, 85, 121, 184, 198, 361, 363 ;
ii- 3, 38, 231, 233, 262, 293
Nottinghamshire, i. 23, 28, 52, 84, 92, 97, 198,
273, 285, 329, 339, 344, 361, 362, 3S0; ii
34, 69, gg, 100, 172, ig6, 205, 210, 292
Nutbrook, u. 234

Oakerthorpe, ii 233
Ockbrook, i 122, 312, 373 ; ii. 84
Ofcoate, u. 114
Offcote, ii. 169
Okethorpe, ii 143, 144
Old Bailey, i. 40
Osmaston, i 210; ii 51-54, 233
Osmaston-by- Ashbourne, i X12
Outseats, i 352
Over Haddon, ii 88, 113, 250
Over Thurvaston, i. 285
Oxcroft, ii. 207
Oxford, i. 30, 78, 261, 262, 361
Oxfordshire, i 272 ; ii in

Padfield, ii. 213
Padley, i 252, 259-266, 312
Paintridge, ii 117
Palterton, ii. 269
Parwich, i 80, 81, 331 ; ii. 24
Peak Forest, i. 341 ; ii. 141, 234, 235
Pentrich, i 205, 331, 332, 385 ; ii 171
Pentridge, i. 213, 333, 364 ; ii 40, 49, 55, 145,
175, 228
Pilsley, i 167 ; ii 171
Pinxton, i 338 ; ii xi6, 171, 207, 235, 284, 286
Pleasley, U. 32, I4g, 150, 207, 210, 288
Plesley, i 221
Plymouth, i 219 ; ii 291
Poland, i. 335
Poplar, ii. 291
Port Oxford, li 55
Portsmouth, ii. 39, 55
Posterne, ii. 147, 246
Pusey, i 74

Quarndon, i. 115, 199; n. 16, 84, 228

Radbourne, i. 199, 2H-214, 262, 311
Radforde, i. 281
Radnorshire, i 379, 380
Ravenstone, i. 92, 93, 338, 390
Rawson, i 275
Reading, ii. 50
Renishaw, i 122 ; 17, 57, 76, 123, 148, 220,
289
Repton, i. 79-82, 92, 93, 115, 122, 160, 211, 214,
325, 360, 369 ; ii- 94. 125, 165, 178, 256,
299
Repton and Gresley, Hundred of, 91-93, 102,
103, 112, 157, 192, 207, 208, 211, 231, 284,
290, 325, 352; ii- 95, 100, 107, 113, 172,
191, 213, 251
Rheims, i. 25S-262, 265
Riber, i igg
Richmond, i 219; ii 188
kiddings, i 352 ; u. 77
Ripley, i 121, 385 ; U. 171, 175, 228
Ripon, i. 78
Risley, i 97 ; ii. 169
Rochdale, ii 151
Roiston, i 362
Rome, i 262, 276, 286, 297
Rose HUl, i. 215
Rosliston, i. 92, 385 ; ii 172
Roston, i. 312
Rowell, i. 275
Rowsley, i 122, 386 ; ii. 221
Rowthorne, i no; ii. 207
Rufford, ii. 250
Runcorn, ii 234
Rutland, i 97, 215

Sandiacre, ii 169
Sawley, i 27, 97, 122, 173, 275; ii 84
Saxony, i. 373
Scarborough, i 86
Scarcliffe, i 99, 100; u. 171, 177, 207, 210, 269
Scarsdale, i. 207
Scarsdale, Hundred of, i. 69, 84-90, g3, g8-i02,
112, 151, 152, 154, 156, 158, ig2, 208, 211,
221, 231, 2go, 325, 347, 373 ; u. 31, 34, g5,
100, 103, 108, 113, 154, 191, 213, 248-251,
286, 289, 301
Scilly Isles, i 152, 335
Scotland, i 78, 116, 215, 317, 322, 330, 377 ; ii.
67, 80, 193
Scropton, i. 76, 391 ; U. 142, 217, 253
Shalcross, ii. 300
Shardlow, i. 103 ; u. 172, 233, 234
Sheerness, ii. 55
Sheffield, i 147, 150, 152, 265, 312, 351, 386;
u. 103, 136, 233-235, 286
Sheldesley Walsh, ii. 150
Sheldon, i. 344
Sherland, ii. 84
Shipley, i 202, 213, 369; ii 176, 214
Shirland, ii. 171, 180, 207, 210, 217, 222, 295
Shiriey, i. 340, 349
Shotley, ii. 63
Shottle, i 199-201 ; ii 171, 192, 244, 246, 254
Shropshire, i 285, 380; ii 77
Sinfin, i 112 ; ii 84
Sinfin Moor, ii. 43, 229, 300
Sion College, i 329

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

351

Slack Hall, i. 356, 357
Smalley, ii 171
Snitterton, ii. 231
Soddington, i 312
Somercotes, ii. 81
Somersall, i 220
Somersall Herbert, i 89, 287
Somersetshire, i 325
South Mimms, i. 79
South Normanton, i 122 ; ii 116, 171,207, 284,
286
South wark, i 317
Southwell, i. 164
South Winfield, i 100, 331, 332; ii 171, 207
Sparrow Gate, u. 262
Sparrow Pit, u. 235
Spink HiU, i 276, 285, 286, 311, 313, 315, 316 ;
u. 249
Spondon, i 115, 121, 212, 286, 312, 352, 353 ;
ii 84, 153, 179. 198
Stafford, i 124, 256, 291
Staflbrdshire, i 24, 82, 84, 92, 95, 118, 218, 311,
329, 344. 380; U. 69, 70, 83, 100, nx, 150,
153, 196, 205, 211, 222, 223
Stainesby, i 339 ; ii. 207
Staley, u. 103
Stanley, i 218 ; u. i6g, igS, 255
Stanley Grange, i 284, 286
Stanton, i. 189 ; ii. 66, 82
Stanton Bridge, i 92, 93
Stanton-by-Dale, i 122 ; u. 169
Stanton Harold, ii. 234
Stanton Moor, U. 169
Stanton Ward, ii 202
StapenhUl, i n, 95, 122, 352 ; ii 202, 228
Starley, i 340
Staveley, i 72, 73, 83, 84, 99, lOO, 108, 109,
122, igg, 274 ; ii 207, 244
Stenson, i 373
Sterndale, ii. 165
Sterson, 142
St. Giles, ii. 233
Slidd, i 121
BtilUngfleet, ii. 2g3
Ktockport, ii 223, 235
Stoke Rockford, ii. 231
St. Omer, i 276, 2g6, 2gg
Stonegravels, ii. 227
Stone, ii 153
Stoney Haughton, ii. 210
Stonyhurst, i 261
Stony Middleton, ii. 198
Stretton, ii 145, 171, 207
gtretton-in-the- Fields, i g2, 338; ii 172
ludbury, i. 3go ; n. 249
urrey, ii 87, 291
Inssex, i. 22, 182
lutton, i 281 ; ii 103, 104, ng, 171, 207
utton-in-the-Dale, i. 338
utton-Scarsdale, i. 20, 21, 28, 316
wadUncote, ii. 143, X44, 234, 235
wan wick, i 352 ; ii. 39, 231
warkeston, i 122, 191 ; U. 215, 216, 22g, 234,
I 287, 292
Swinnerton, i. 307, 312

fTamworth, i. 70, 77
'Tansley, n. 161
Taxall, ii 3°o

Temple Bar, ii. 233
Thornsett, ii. 295
Thorpe, i 92, 331
Thorpe Achurch, i. 317
Throwley, i 275
Thurlston, ii. 275, 277
Thurmaston, i. 109
Thurvaston, i 115
Tibshelf, ii 76, 145, 158, 171, 207
Tickenhall, ii. 234
Ticknall, i. 82
Tideswell, i 72, 83, 117, 211, 217, 261, 270,
287, 312-316, 319, 344; ii 2g, 34-37, 44,
45, 48, 61, ig7, ig8, 233, 235, 236, 250, 301
Tissington, i X15, 170, 312, 331, 352; 11. 171
Torbay, ii. 124
Totley, i. gg, 100, 123, 124 ; ii. 207
Towcester, ii. 2go, 2gi
Treeton, ii. X48
Troway, ii. 148
Truro, i 258
Trusley, i 171, 218, 239
Tuplon, i 256, 344, 347; U. 171
Turnditch, ii 174, 20X
Tutbury, i 69-74, 77-84, 87, 89, 92, g3, 122 ;
ii 67, ig6, 201, 204-206, 211, 216, 221, 223,
233
Twyford, i. 372
Tyburn, i. 318

Underwood, ii 114, 169
Unston, U. 139, 171, 207, 210, 257
Upper Wortley, i 373
Upton, i. 164
Uttoxeter, 153, 205, 233

Valladolid, i 296
Venice, ii. 193
Vienna, i 182

Wakebridge, ii. 105
Wakefield, i. 338
Wales, i 181, 186, 253, 281, 322, 335, 379, 380
Walswood, ii. 148
Walton, n. 103, 148, 149, 171
Walton-on-Trent, i 92, 336, 337
Wardlow, i 353, 354
Wardlow Miers, U. 44, 45
Warrington, i 271
Warwick, ii. 10
Warwickshire, i 84, 279, 281, 329, 337, 33g,
380 ; n. ig6, 205
Wassington, ii 217
Weeford, i 362
Wensley, ii 137, 171
Wessington, ii. 207
West Broughton, i 284
West Hallam, i. 253, 268, 275, 284, 286, 2g6-
300, 314, 315, 338
West Indies, i 341
Westminster, i. 312, 321, 381 ; ii 261, 262, 297
Westmoreland, ii. 68, 93
Weston-on-Trent, i 239, 257 ; ii. 74, 75, 287
Whaley, ii. 235
Whaley Bridge, i. 122

352

INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES.

Wharton House, i 163
Wheeldon's Mill, ii. 235
Wheston, i 270, 312, 314
Whetstone, i 270, 313
WhitehaU, i 153, 203, 217, 222 ; ii 72, 98, 106
Whitfield, ii 212-214
Whitley, i 264
'Whitstone, ii 235
Whittington, i 85, 99, 123, 189; ii 171
WhitweU, i 185, 344, 390; ii 207, 210
Wight, Isle of, i. 83
'Wigwall, i 350
Wilden Ferry, ii. 234
WiUestrop, ii. 113
Williamthorpe, ii. 171
Wilne, n. 169, 292
Wilne Mills, ii 169
Wiltshire, u. xoo
Wimeswould, i 362, 363
Wimper, ii. 231
Winchester, i. 95, no
Windley, ii. 84, 165, 173, 174
Windmill Pit, Derby, ii. 39
Winfield Manor, i 21
Wingerworth, i gg, 100, 286, 307, 312-315 ; ii
go, 171, 228, 234, 2g8
Winshill, i. g2
Winsell, ii. 228
Winster, i. 79, 80, 121 ; u. 169

Wirksworth, i 7, 11, 65, 71, 83, 109, 121, 122,
154, 199, 200, 207, 210, 239, 241, 244, 245,
291, 314, 325, 326, 329-334, 340, 347, 349,
35°, 362-364, 390 ; II. 29, 37, 38, 43, 46, 47,
50, 6x, 78, 114, 145, 159, i6S, 172, 196-200,
208, 230, 236, 246, 247, 249, 253, 254, 301
Wirksworth, Hundred of, i. 91-93, 97, 101, 102,
112, 156-158, 2XX, 221, 231, 2go; li g5,
100, 108, 1x3, igi, 208, 213
Wolley, ii. 72
Woodhouse, ii. 255
Woodlands, i. 152, 372 ; ii. 138
Woolwich, ii. 55
Worcestershire, i 329 ; ii. 1 50
Worksop, i 219 ; ii. 233
WormhUl, i 217, 220( 287

Yeaveley, ii. 84, 125
Yeldersley, i 312 y ii. 80, 142
York, i 23, 74; ii 40, 156, 232, 293
Yorkshire, i 23, 29, g7, 182, 262, 27i,32g, 344,
380 ; ii. 68, 69, 100, 136, 262
Youlgreave, i 98, 127, 218, 372 ; U. 8, 65, 81,
82, 105, 165, 175
Yoxall, i. 391

Zealand, i 317

BEMROSE AND SONS, PRINTERS, DERBY ; AND 23, OLD BAILEYj LONDON.

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 04078 2790

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