2^eprtnt0 of S^are Cract0 Ifmpnntsfofaintient ^anusct:ipt0r4c. ^ CSieflf fltustiatiue of tfr^ Wto^g-of : t&e jQo^tbejn Counties J auD -. i^tinteD at tbe IpregiEl of ^. a. iRicbarnsion, 3l3etoca0tle. I J ft^»- ^Miscellaneous* ^ L // 'Yi^LE'^IMII^IEIESilinf'' ILKIBI^^IElf 1 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME Alfred E. Perkins Fund IMPRINTED BY M. A. RICHARDSON, IN GREY STREET, NEWCASTLE. MDCCCXLIX. ONLY 100 COPIES PRINTED. Ct)e Contents of tW iBooh* Certafne 3Scrte 3Sare ©fiserhattons! of (lumberlantt, iSortSumicrlanif, ttc, initft Ijibers ej)itapBe«, roat armourjS, antr otjer monument)*, bene ortrerlfe an& laiiortouglte gat^ereif together, on a journejj tafeen mal]r;:fi), hp ^ampSon CErtfestottfee. df'rom t]be ortg^ {nal tn l^arL M^^' tttclyyiij. ^Jetoing JoJn tjree ^ortouj[i Soliiiergbfettea ibt jJortJ: ^ S^elatfon of a s^ort Surbeg fiegun at tjie n'tg of UsTorSiJuJ, on JMontfag, August jrt, mtftjriuj, anir enS^ ing at (tie game place. 33^ a taptatn, a lieutenant, ana an ancient ; all t^rec of t^e mtlttarj? company fn U^TortotcJ. dFrom tj&e (©rtsinal m Ean^ir. Jlfl^^. Koteg of a 3>o«rneg tbrougS jBurJam antr Kortjum^ ftcrlantt fn tj&e pear mac^^ x^- ^S ^t*" OTiilliam JSrere* ton of ?|aniffor», co. CJe^fre, l&aronet. Bonvntpin^i t^rougS 3!«rort5umierIanU antr iSurJbam, anno mlfcI^jTbif, bs CJomaj! 3airS, of (loolfcrftfge, co. <£bov. esquire 5 from tje Cj&oresBj? iWi)^. eiiitea bs l^unter. €f)t Crabels of IBanicI 3@e Jfoe, So far as tiiep relate to tit counties of ^ortjumierlanif anU IBurJam. Circa mtfccjrjrtj. €i)e Compleat Collier, or t]&e in^bole art of Sinitfng^ getting, anif toorStng coal mines, etc., as is noto useir in t^e l^ortjcrn parts, eSpcctallg al&out ^unfterlanif antr |5etocastle ; iig 3- C. mUccbuj. Certain matters relating to tjie ejrceSSibe prices of coals in tie time of CfltjalietS, from tje ?|arl. M^§i : ^nStaerS to an information ejrjtliiteif bp tje ilorif JHator anB Sltfermen of HoiiKon, concerning tie sy= reSStbc prices of colcS tnSancett at ^eSncaStlc, anlx ot^rr aliuScS in tie Saitf colgerg practtSelr. % pleasant JBiScoberp of i^e Coosenage of colliers : Sleprtnteir from an e^tremelp Scarce tract, presented )bg sir 2ffl. C, Crcbelgan to tjie ^octetg of Snttqua* ri'cs of IJeVocastle^upon^Csne. (©rUinancc as to tie prices of coals, enhances ig tit troubles at ^eiecaStle, mSc^ltj. g)ea«coale, C]&ar*coale, antf ^mall=coale, or a iffscobrSe iftiDcen a ^tiocastle coUfer, a small^coale man, anS a collier of CroBBon t concerning tje projiliitton of traBc toitS #eto castle, mBcjrlf, ^ Certaine Wimt Bare ©b0erbation0 of t|)e ^ortl) Countrie. '^: ^«^.' IMPRINTED BY M. A. RICHARDSON, IN GHEY STREET, NEWCASTLE, MDCCCXLVIII, ONLY 100 COPIES PRINTED. THIS IMPEINT OF A MOBSEL OF OLDEN TOPOGEAPHY AND TEADITIONAL L OEE, IS INSCEIBED TO M. AISLABIE D E N H A M, OF PIEESEBEIDGB, GENT. WHOSE STUDIES, DIEECTED TO THE LIKE SUBJECT, HAVE CONTEIBUTED GEEATLY TO"WABDS THE EESCUE OF WHAT HE SO WELL TEEMS 'THE AKCHjEOLOGY OF THE COMMON PEOPLE,' FEOM UjNMEEITED OBLIVION AND NEGLECT. ^e Jabe cioien for our present issue, a curi^ ous topographical tract from tit treasures of tit J^arlcian (bol. ccccljrjrti)'), Sn^icS tract ti&e compiler of tit catalogue to tie iMgjgi.attriibutcS to^ainpSon (ifrtfesbJiclte. aUatts, in ]&is SSfibliotSeca, tells us tjat CfrtfeStoiclte toaS " an €n$li&i antiquarg, 6orn at ^antron, in S)taffor»S]&ire, StuBieir at (©^forB, anB BieB in mBciif." CamBcn stilcS 6im ' SFeneranBjc Sntiquitatis Cultor JMayimuS.' ?Me loas (pursues TOlatts) a gooB topograp]&er, Snrote on JiS natibc coun* trp, ana penneB, it is SaiB, * €it STrueWse of 'Mvmorit,' pufilisicB unBer tit name of William Wjjrleg in mBjrci) ;" liut Hotoer, in iii excellent ' Curiosities of ?^eralBrg,' informs uS tit ' Crue Wse' toas reallp tje proBuction of TOgrlcg, anB tjat Sir WiHiamJSugBale, bsia maBe great use of tijis toorlt in tie ' Ancient Usage of 33earing ^rmS,' mBclyjrjri, Soinch)]bat un» gratefully roliS OTprltg of tje honour of its autj&or^ S]&ip, ascrflbing it, upon Jearsag ebiBence, to (JErBeSs toidte. I^ere tjen, iue prolialils Sabe pointeB out tie autjorttg of MSattS' Statement. Cie little tract iot i)abe before us j&otoeber, clearly ejriiiliits (SrBeSbjicSe, its preSumeB author, to Sabc JaB a gooB InoixtleBge of SeralBric lore. €it^§i, is of berg Small sije, toritten in a gooB liut 5tg]&lg cursibe JanB, anB contains Seberal cleberlg ej-ecuteB tricltS of arms in pen anB inS. (©f CfBtoarB CSrel6elB, %%m., im'tft tojom our topographer appears toSabeieen on terms of So great intimacg, toe mag remarfe tjat it toas rector of i&vent gialfeelB, in Cumi&erlanB, collateB arcjBeacon of Carlisle, mBljrbtj'-biij, anB aftcvfoarBS chancellor of tie BioceSc of l^ercforB. ^ntong a OTooB informs us tjiat it foaS formerlg felfofo of Ming's College, Cam6riBge, anB " so mucj aBmireB in tfiat un&erSitg for Jis ej:ccl« lent ItnotoleBge anB eloquence, tiat ie foaS t]&ougi)t to iaht tit Jielp of Some gooB genius." <2D.l5.Ja. at 3l3etocastle, tfiis ^eptemfiere, mBcccvlbiif. Certaine ijerie rare ©ftserioations of Cumberlano, jSortfjumtierlanti, $c„ toitf) tJiuers OBpitapfjes, Coat armours, auo otfter 9@onu= ments, Derie oroerUe ano latiouriousiie gat^ereti togetiber* ^ j^tUrSDag the second of Septebr 1674, I rid X miles fro Herford to Ledbery and by Malvorn hills to m' E. Threlkeld, chaunclor of Hereford, one of my old acquayntance syns K. Edward his tyme. At a place (called at this day) Old Oaerlyle, xii mile from the now Oaerlile right west fro the now Caerlysle, abowt 24 yeres past or then abowts, in the ruynes of an old walled town was found a stone (as it wer the top of an arch) inscribed thus — I. O. M. O B HONOEEM VXOEIS GoEDlANI etc. a long inscription which m' Threlkell intendeth to get for me gfectely. And fro the same place was browght to a town thereby within 4 myle called Banton, a pece of one octogonall pyramy stone, having this inscription — Ob HONOEEM Phil. Imp. Nobliss™ sempee Aug. et Phillip. 0^. Nobliss. This was sene abowt a°. 1564 and is yet there. Within ij myle of New Perith there is a place called Plomton with a park, and in the side of it, there appear the ruynes of an old town of a myle compas about, of the countrey called Old Perith,' and digging up ther, they fownde stones fayr of every sorte — as for which inscriptions being like grave stones — as among others one thus inscribed — " Hodgson conveives Old Carlisle to have been the Olenacum of the Eomans, and Brampton, or Old Penrith, their Brementenracum. He does not appear to have had any knowledge of the inscription first here given. It is manifest that Erdeswicke's copies of these altars have been slovenly, and perhaps only intended as guides to a future and more careful transcript. Jefferson, in his Leath-ward, 465, has an inscription from Old Penrith ; can we imagine it to be identical with Erdeswicke's third : D. M. aioetvos mater vixit AXXXXV ET LATIO PIL VIX A. XII . LIMISIVS COHIV . ET PILIA PIEN- TISSIMIS POSVIT. C. LiMISIUS CnAEISSIMiE CoNIUGI, ET PlENTISS. FlLIJE PoSUIT VxOB ViXIT ANNOS XXXX FiLIA XV. Betwene this Penrith and Oaerlyle was sometymes a great forrest of a xx myle long which now is called the forrest of Ynglewood : though there be but small shew of wood : but most part inhabitted and tylled. On the east side of Peryth standeth the ruyns of an old castill called now Maybowrgh in the lordship of m' Richard Dudley, m'' John his elder brother,* The people think and so report by traditions that king Arthur did vse this castille. Apon the top of the hills of Oumberland called Threlkeld fells, is a great standing pole called of the country Ternythyon, being of the nature that neyther fish brede in it, nor yet any fowle lyght into. The cuntry do fable that K. Arthur his sword was thrown therein." ' Camden and other writfets state, that the Castle of Penrith was built out of the ruins of Mayborough, but the report, says Jefferson, is supposed to be destitute of probability. ' We have not met with anything to illustrate these traditions of King Arthur. Tarn Wadalyne, in Hesket parish, is a lake of 100 acres, which breeds some of the finest carp in the kingdom. Hard 10 M'^ Threlkeld his coiecture for the denomination of Weatmerland is, that the Saxons occupying the playns in the bishoprick of Derham as Northumberland, called the country lying west of them Westmoreland,'' for the hills or any waste grownd lying waste is vsually called a more, as Stanysmore, Gatterly more, &c. To this more, called Stanyemore the Skotts, in tymes past did challeg as theyres to the cross called Eei-cross in Stanyesmore. Stanysmore is xiii myle over, now inhabited, but xxx yeres past there was onely one howse, called the Spittall howse, an ynne." by is Castle-Hewen, from which it is said that Arthur vainly at tempted to dislodge ' a foule discurteous knight,' who occupied it in his reign. At Etterby, in Stanwix parish, it is said that King Arthur was entertained in 550, when carrying his victorious aims agaiust the Danes and Norwegians. '^ Say rather, the 'Westmereland — ^the land of meres or lakes. ' More than a century after, (1694) Thoresby mentions " we rode for many miles upon the famous Eoman highway, which was here well-paved, by the notorious Spittle on Stanemore, which, though an ordinary inn, yet often most welcome to the weary travellerin this sol itary country, which for 12 miles has but one other house, (Baitings) for the reception of distressed wayfaring persons. About a mile thence, we passed by the noted Rerecross, or Eeicross, as the Scots call it, (Koi- cross rather, ortheKing's-cross) which their Hector Boetius would have a mere stone, confining England and Scotland, erected when the ¦ Norman William granted Cumberland to the Scots, to hold it aa his tenants." — (T/ioresi. Diar.) At Elishaw in Redesdale there was an hospital of this class erected probably previous to 1240, as in that year the "master of the hospi tal of Eede" is returned in an account into the exchequer, as hold ing lands of 100 shillings extent, in free alms of Gilbert de Umfre- ville. " 'Spitala" of this sort were built and endowed as places to afford food and lodgings for way-faring persons ; and at a time 11 As towching Hadrians wall, begyning abowt a town calledBonus standing vppon the river Sulway now called Eden. And the sandes notwithstanding are this day called Suhway sands — of the name of the river in old tyme called Solvius, was Ptolemy-Solucas. The sea ebbeth and floweth there. The forsaid wall begynning there, and there yet standing of the heyth of 16 fote,-' when there were no inns in the country, a house of this kind, situated as this was, in the centre of a remote franchise, could not fail to be a place of great public convenience. In 1568 the 'Spital of Elishaw belonged to the crown. Here for some time lord Cranstoun, of hospi table and convivial memory, occasionally resided ; and the place was long notorious for its rustic races, and the revels and carousals of faas ; the eccentricities of Allen, the fisher and otter hunter ; and Allen, the Northumbrian piper ; and as a place of resort for other disorderly people : but its days of useful importance, when it lodged the pedlar and the pilgrim, and of recent notoriety, when the gipsey and the tinker enjoyed in it " Their long nights of revelry and ease," are gone by; and it now consists of only one farm house. — fffodgs. Nd. II. i. U6.J The 'Spital' — a farm in Haltwhistle parish, opposite to the entrance to Blenkinsopp-hall, Northd., and formerly part of the Elenkinsopp estate, had probably, in old times, at the site of the farm house, been another of these endowed inns. In 1274 Nicholas de Tindale was charged with having, temp. Hen. III. alienated land at Katun- raw, in the barony of Tindale to Geoffrey de Eospliale. — (Modgs. III. ij. 135.) ^' Camden tells us, speaking of the wall at Caervorran, chat " on a high hill it remains 15 feet high and 9 broad, faced ^ith bewn stone on both sides, though Bede says it was 12 feet high and 8 feet broad. These measures of Bede's, remarks Hodgson, were probably given as those of its mean width and height. For Christo pher Ridley, about 1675, described it as 9 feet broad, and its re maining height in several places 21 feet. The reverend author im agines that Ridley's observation applied to fhe muras about Wall- town or some other place in the parish of Haltwhistle. Gibson, Gordon, and Horsley also found it 9 feet high on Walltown-crags ; 12 for almost a quarter of a myle together, and so along the river svde estwards, they space of an eight myle by the shew of the trench as certayne ruynes of cas- tills in that wall, tyll a qwarter of a myle of Carlyole and there passeth ower the river of Eden ; and then goeth straight estwards hard by a late abbey called Lanvercost, and so crossing ower the mowntaynes toward Newcastell. Vppon those mowntaynes, and wything the wall, there is the ruynes of an old town called by the country Caer Vurron.^ and Brand in 1719, measured it to 8 feet 3 inches. Now, in the highest part, eleven courses of stone, measuring 6 feet 5 inches, ap pear above the turf. (Hodg. III. ij. 138, 276. j Grey, the Ghorogi-apher, remarks, that " upon the west part of Northumberland, the Picts' wall is, out of the ruins of which is built many towers and houses in that part where the Picts' wall stood ; in some of the wast ground the wall is to be seen of a gi'eat height, and almost whole." " What length of time," says Hutton, " these united and almost immortal works [the wall, ditch, and covered roads] would cost in finishing, is impossible to tell ; all our authors are silent ; but it could not be so little as thirty years, nor could they be completed for so small a sum as one hundred millions of our present money, exclusive of the land they occupy, which is more than five square miles, or three thousand acres. AVhat shall we say of that production which was the utmost extent of Roman effort, and which stands unrivalled in Europe ! How much delight would it afford the modern antiquarian's eye, could he survey the works of Agricola, Hadrian, and Severus, as they then appeared ! the noblest sight ever beheld in this island ! the work of strength, of genius, and of years ! Men have been deified for trifles compared to this admirable structure ; - a wall seventy miles in length, furnished with eighteen cities, eighty-one castles, and three hundred and thirty tun-ets, with all their mounds, roads, ramparts, and astonishing apparatus !'* s Caervori'an, an antient Roman station in Haltwhistle parish, in the county of Northumberland, of which to this day there are nume- 13 The Skotts lyches or surgeons, do yerely repayr to the sayd Roman wall next to thes, to gether sundry herbs for surgery, for that it is thought that the Eo- maynes there by had planted most nedefull herbes for sundry purposes, but howsoe^ it was, these herbes are fownd very wholesome.'^ rous and frequently recurring traces in the vicinity. Leland speaks of " the great ruins of Caervorein the which be uere Thyrwall ;" and Camden visited them in company with his friend sir Robert Cotton, the founder of the Cottonian Libraiy, and says this station stood " on the slope of a hill, a little within the wall, where are to be seen the foundations of a square Roman camp, each side of which is 140 paces long. The foundations of buildings, and tracks of streets still appear here very evident to the view." '' Camden also found among the people in the neighbourhood of the Wall, a fixed tradition, that the Roman soldiers had planted all over the district, for their own use, herbs good for healing wounds : on which account quack surgeons from Scotland annually resorted hither, in the beginning of summer, to collect plants, the virtues of which they had learnt by long experience, extolled as marvellous, and confidently avowed to be of sovereign efficacy. The faculty of the present day, however, observes Hodgson, find no such potent plants in the vicinity of the Wall — only such as are common to other parts of the island : though Scott, by his verses '¦ to a lady, with flowers from the Roman Wall," seems to have thought that some sweet enchanting power of love still resided in many of them. Take these flowers, which, purple waving, On the ruin'd rampart grew. Where, the sons of treedom braving, Rome's imperial standard flew. Warriors from the breach of danger' Pluck no longer laurels there ; They but yield the passing stranger Wild-flower wreaths for beauty's hair. Grey, in his Chorographia, written in 1649, remarks "in this north country groweth plenty of hadder or ling, good for cattle to feed upon, and for moore-fowle and bees; this herbe yieldeth a flower in June, as sweet as honey, whereof the Picts in times past did make a pleasant drink, wholesome for the body of man." Hodgson instances the crags on the line of the Wall, by Crag- lough, being at this day '•bearded with ' witch-wood' rowantree, ferns, bilberry, and heath, and their heads everywhere garlanded with 'the little sun-flower cistus.' " — (///. ij., 291.) 14 The forsayd Bonus was somtyme a haven, as is to be coniectured. A mosse is that which in Ireland is called a bog, being moyst grownd feet for pete digging, to burn in the north as other places of this land ; such have been found under the ground (whan digging such for pete) at vi or viij fote depe, great firr trees, bowes and all, which at they first taking vp are soft, but afterwards become so hard, as with an ax they are hard to cut. Mr. Threlkelds armes out of an old arm chair which was his grandfathers, the hack whereof I saiv. £i.qefvt The crest a madden looking over a tower wall. Margery heighten, mr Threl keld his wife, of the Leigh-' tons in Shropshire, )ljetoina fjoto tfjree JSot* toicj §)oll)ier0 bisiteb IMPRINTED BY M. A. RICHARDSON, IN GREY STREET, NEWCASTLE. MDCCCXLVII. ONLY 100 COPIES PRINTED. INSCRIBED TO HENRY GLASFORD POTTER, F.L.S., F.G.S., &c., &c., OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE, BY THE EDITOR. |tl tit foIXotoing trart toe iabt giben io tnurj of a manuatrfjit m tit 3Lanif5. ((Eol. iMuS. I3rtt., a^ relates to tit iifetrftt toe profess to fllustrate. 3Et is a folio, tlosel^ tort'tten bp tit SetonH of tit tivtt persons, of tofioSc aBbentureS it tS a smart anB ejrcellent tfe« taflett aciount. ^S a to^oXf, tt toaS prtntetr lit a sometoSat mutilated form, in aSragleg's i&va$iic aEttustrator, (an efretlent toorit biiiii Uitf not meet tottj suffi'tient Support, antf teaseif after (it tompletion of one boU ume) Jiut upon fnSpeetion of tje original JHi). toe fountf So manjj points to^tci tjts tlfitor iati omtttclf, XoraUg baluaSlc, tjat toe ' iabt Seen xnSute'a to repul&lisS tjts portion, /mrorporattng tiic toriter's Stoe notes, antt atrlfurfnia: sut5 oSserbatfonS of our oton as appeared further fllustratibe. (J5. IB. IR. at 3l3etDca0tIe, tW a@arc|)e, mtftrrx''^tl- tin 9[ 3^0l^ttOn of a 0f)ort ^utticp of 26 Countie0, tirieflp iie0crit)mg tU Citie0 anD tbeir %cituation0, anD tU Corporate Cott)n0 anD Ca0tle0 tfjeiein i ®t)0enicD in a ^eiien aaieefe0 :joutneg ht' gun at tf)e Citp of Bomm ; SDn sgonDap, augu0t iitf), 1684, anD enDing at tbe 0ame place, IBy a Cap^ tain, a JLieutcnant, anD an ancient ; all tbree of tbe milita?p Comp= anp in JlSoitoicb. ejein w-e are informed the journey was undertaken by " three Southern Com manders, in their Places, and of them selves and their purses, a Captaine, a Lieuten"', and an Ancient, all volun tary members of the noble Military Company in Norwich, [who] agreed at an opportune and va cant leysure, to take a view of the Cities, Castles, and chiefe Scytuations in the Northerne and other Counties of England : To that end and purpose, all businesse and excuses set apart, they had a parley, and met on Monday, the 11th of August, 1634; and mustering up their triple force from Norwich, with souldiers' journeying ammunition, two of them, (the Captain and the ensign) clad in green cloth like young foresters, and mounted on horses, they marcht that night to the maritime town of Lyn, and thence through Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. }J) 0 nexte day we were to passe into another Kingdome, the Bishopricke of Durham ; for the Bishope is a Prince there. As soone as we left our Inn, at the end of the Towne appeared to us a fayre and neat Building, a Knights house (Sir Wm. Robinsons), most sweetly situated on the river Swale, and not far from thence an other Knights seat (S'. Arthur Ingrams), and by din ner time we got to Darlington where we were enter tain d w'^ a hideous noyse of bag-pipes ; such a con sort it was, as seem''d strange to us, yitt we made them serue that small time we stay'd there. Two miles before we came thither, we crossed without or bridge the goodlie River Tees, w''' springs out of Stanemoore, and divides this large famous Shire from that antient priviledgM County Palatine of Durham, and there we left it, and hastned for the Cittie of Durham. After we entred into the Bishopricke, we left all along on o' right hand the high mountanous hills of Cleeveland in Yorkshire, neere unto Tees, which divides them from Durham (Black Hamilton and Rosemary Toppin) ; likewise that antient decay'd Coast Towne (Hartlepoole), w'^'' is surrounded some halfe a mile w"" the maine Sea euery 12 howers. This hath been formerly a braue, stately, and well fortify'd Towne, now only a Sea-land habitation for Fishermen. The 3. admir d deepe pitts, called Hell-Kettles, we left boyling by Dariington at Ferry Hill, w"'in 5. miles of Durham ; such as knowe it, knowes it ouer- tops and commands a great part of the Country, and though soe wondrous high, yet there on the top there of we produced our travelling plate, and borrowed a cup of refreshing health from a sweet and most plea sant spring. Against this place, and not farre off on o'' left hand, we left the Bishops stately House and Parke, (Auckland), sweetely situated upon the Riuer, where he lately entertainM his Ma*'° in his progresse ; within 2. mile of Durham wee cross'd the Riuer Weere (w* takes its head w"" 3. hopping Riuers (Burdop, Well- hop, and Kellhop) to make her swift) ouer a fayre long arch'd Bridge, to w"*" was a descent neere a mile, and from thence we clim^d and descended nothing but steep rocks to the City (Durham), w* caus'd vs to be benighted ; but wee happily lighted upon an 10 honest Gentleman, who was pleas'd to be o' Pilot, through these rugged darke wayes, to our Inn the Lion, where o' Host, an honest Trout, caus'd vs to be carefully attended by his She-attendants ; for w"''' good vsage we gaue many thankes to the curteous Gentleman o' Guide. After o' Citty rest, wee did not walke far in the morning to take a full and perfect view and suruey of the Towne, gouerned by a Mayer and 12. Aldermen and a Recorder (Mr. Richardson, Recorder) ; but to the Cathedrall which was neere o'' Inn, plac'd on the top and hart of the Citty, w"^ stands all on a Rocke on a hill in the dale ; for enter the same w"'' way you will, you must descend and that very steepily, neere vpon a mile togeather, yett the Minster, the Bishops Castle, and the hart of the Citty stands on a hill. She is enuironn'd and nigh girt round by y" Riuer Were, w'='^ was made to build the Castle, Minster, and other fayre Structures, that were erected about 600. yeeres since, and she hath some streets that run out long wayes, w* makes her like a Orab.^ 1 Mr. Surtees quotes this description of the City, p. 166, vol. iv., and has a note on the passage of the Bishop's Castle. " This seems obscure — does he mean that the present channel of the River was noade by winning stone for building the castle and cathedral ?" and Leland says in his Itinerary, vol. i. p. 81, " suTi hold opinion, that of auncient tyme Were ran from the place vvher now Elvet bridge is, straite down to St. Nicholas, now stonding on a hille, and 11 The Colledge is onely walled about, w"*" place is the prime, and principal of this Citty ; for therein stands (besides that statelie, large, faire Fabricke of 200 paces long and 300. stayres high) the Bishops Prince like Castle ; built by William the Couquero', w"' his Regall Courts of Judicature, Exchequer, Chancery, Court of Pleas, &c., the large braue Deanery, w''' the Prebends, Chancelors, and Church-mens houses and buildings.* After we entered that famous Minster, we found some liuing Benefactors there, that had disbursed great Summes, to adorne this goodly and stately faire Church ; first, a font not to be paralePd in o"" Land ; it is 8. squares w"" an iron grate, rays'd 2. yardes euery square ; w"^ in is a fayre ascent of dy- verse steps ; the couer opens like a foure quarter''d globe ; the stone is of branch'd marble ; and the story is that of St. John baptizing o'' Blessed Saui"', and the foure Euangelists, couriously done and richly that the other course part for pollicy and part by digging of Stones for building of the towne and minstre, was made a valley and so the water course was conveyed that way ; but I approve not ful this conjecture." * Marg. Note. Dr. Murton, Bp.; Dr. Hunt, Deane; Mr. James, Sub-deane; Dr. Cozens, Treasurer; Mr. Maxton, Receiver; these 3. last Prebends, and 9. more— 12 in all. Mr. Burwell, Chan cellor; Mr. Naylor, Bishops Ck. and Archdeacon of Northum berland ; 30. singing men ; 12. sub-canons ; 10 boys. 12 painted ; w* in the Globe all aboue so artificially wrought and earned w* such a variety of Joyners worke, as makes all the beholders thereof to admire. A rare and rich Clocke and Diall, w"* seuerall Globes whreby to know the age of the Moone, the day of the Moneth, the Moneth of the yeere, &o. : A faire and rich Communion Table (w"** cost 200"" .) standing at the High Altar of blacke branch'd marble, sup ported w* 6. fayre Columes of Touchstone, all built at the charge of D'. Hunt, the reverend Deane ; And to adorne it 2. double gilt Candlestickes, and a Ba son, 2. double gilt fayre flaggons, 2 Chalices w''' Co- uers, likewise double gilt ; all w'='' rich Plate were given to this Church by the same religious Church- mans bounty. The Monuments were many and these remarkable; amongst the rest I cannot omit : beyond y° High Altar the Shrine of that greatly adored Saint Cuth- bert, whose story alone would be a voluminous Worke ; therefore I shall forbeare. Certes, he was a holy man, of excellent giftes and vertues, and one that brought great priviledges and Royalties to this Palatinate, and by his meanes many Princes of this Kingdome gaue ample and great Reuenues and large Possessions to this Church and to this Saints Shrine in times past, much people resorted and offered great giftes for their happy successe both by sea & land. 13 Neere to the Minster is Bough Church, where (as they say) the corps of St. Cuthbert was plac'd in a Church built w*'' boughs till he was here interr'd. Att the other end of the Cathedrall, in the Galliley or Lady Chapell (wherein the Bp.'s Chancellor &c. sitts in the High Commission Court) is another memorable Saint interr'd, viz ; y'' marble tombe of venerable St. Bede, borne at the Abbey of Jarro, neere y"" Riuer of Tyne, A° 734. ; a religious and learned man whose worth and liberality to this Church came little short of Saint Cuthberts. Bp. Beaumonts Tombe, who was of the blood Royall of France. Bishop Skirlaws faire graue stone, near the High Altar, 16. foot long, w'^ the Apostles St. Cuthbert and St. Oswold curiously engrauen thereon. Two statelie only Monuments of the Neuills, some times Earles of Westmoreland ; One of them fought the battel at Neuills Crosse, and tooke the King of Scots prisoner, who was the first Layman that euer was buried in the Church. Then we were caryed into the Chapter-House, where most of the ancient Bishops lye interr'd ; the fayre Library cheifely consisting of ancient Manu scripts, one especially the New Testament in Saxon characters, 1000 yeares old. The Vestry, — and therein wee saw dyuerse fayre Coaps of seuerall rich 14 workes, of Crimson Satten, embroder d w* emboss'd worke of siluer, besett all ouer w* Cherubims curious ly wrought to life ; A blacke Coap wrought w"' gold with diuerse images in Colours ; A high Altar Cloth of crimson veluet to couer the Table ; another of pur ple veluet to hang aboue ; and a third of crimson and purple to lay beneath, and 4. other rich Coaps and Vestm*^; and though they cannot shew the like Royall gift of Plate, as wee view'd at Yorke, yet they glory in that rich gift they presented to his Ma"" in his progresse, the richest of all their ancient Coapes, which his Ma*''' graciously accepted, and es- teem'd at an high valew. Away then wee were called to prayers, where we were rapt w* the sweete sound and richnesse of a fayre organ, which cost 1000^'', and the orderly, de- uout, and melodious harmony of the Quiristers. There were wee discouered by that worthy, graue, generous Deane (Dr. Hunt) I before spoke off; and no sooner was prayers done, but we were summoned by one of his gentile Ambassadors to take part of a resident dinner w* him, w'^'' if wee had not freely and cheer fully accepted off, wee had lost o'' selues, and that noble entertainement such as was fit for neat palated Courtiers, and not for such dusty, trauelling Soldiers as wee were. The first salute and welcome from this wurthy 15 Gentleman was expressed w'"' a double reflect vpon vs ; first, as wee were strangers, but more especially as wee were his countrymen ; It pleas'd him to leaue all his guests, Doct°", Prebends, and citizens of both Sexes, and of both kinds, Spirituall and Laietye, and to condescend to walk w* vs in his garden for about halfe an houre, till his Gent. Usher, the harbinger of dinner, came and told him, his meate was vpon the table ; Wee wish'd the Cook had not been so hasty, or that he had layen longer in bed; for his graue dis course was so mild, sweet, and eloquent, as would make a man soe in a trance as neuer to be weary of hearing him. The same curteous vsage wee had in his garden, the same wee had at his board, w='' nei ther wanted good dishes nor Company; for there were of both choice and plenty. After halfe an houres sitting there came a young Scholler, and read a Chapter, during w""^ time all discourse ceas'd : no sooner was it ended, but the graue Master of the House begins a cup of wine to all his Guests, w* a hearty welcome, w'='' his gentile Seruitors were carefuU to see euery man pledge, to wash downe the fatt venison, sweet salmon and other great cheare this large and sumptuous table was fur nished with. Thus wee spent an houre to refresh o' travelling corps with as good meat and drinke, and from as l(j good and free and as generous a Gentleman as Eng land affords. Soone after dinner wee bethought o'^selues of o'' journey, and soe agreed to take o'leaues of him ; but his reply to o' requests was to stay still w*'' him a weeke longer, o^ cheare and welcome should be the same we had found ; we mildly press'd for his licence to depart, telling him how we had resolu'd and order'd o^ journey. A noble Doctor standing (in o'' behalfe wee thanke him) told M'' Deane, that the greatest fredome strangers could haue, was to enioy their liberties ; well ! said the grave Orator, since I can no longer enioy you, I shall wish and pray for a happy and prosperous journey to attend you, and soe I commit you into the hands of my Jalor, his Gentleman-usher, one of o' countrymen standing by. To him was given this strict charge to see vs well bilited during our small time of residence there, who presently w"^ a choice and select Oompanye did fully and amply discharge this his charge, both there and in the Towne. The particulars are too hot to touch this Paper ; they that desire to know them may at further leysure. Itt was now high time to hasten away for New castle, and by the way wee had day enough left vs to discouer within halfe a mile, as we rid along, a fayre house and Parke (Bear Park) of that worthy and noble Deanes, where that famous battell (Nevill's 17 Crosse) was fought. Wee saw also a stately pile of building, and a Parke sweetly situated vpon a fine ascent by the riuer Were ; few other we could discouer, for that the dark veile of Night ouertook^ vs, and it was so late when wee entred that Sea- Coale maritime Country Towne, (Newcastle) as like Pilgrims, wee were foro'd to lig in Pilgrim- Street, where o' Host, a good fellow, and his daugh" ter, and an indifferent Virginall Player, somewhat refresh'd our weary limbes. When wee were w*in a mile of the Towne, the light aboue gaue vs no directions to descend the steepe rocky Hill to the Towne, but the lights be- neath, as wee pass'd that stony Streete (Gateside) downe to the bridge, did sSrue vs for land-markes, by w*''' we made shift to grope out our way, and late w*'' some difficulty obtain'd o'' harbour. Thus falls it out often w"^ staying too long, especially for strangers at a fre Towne.^ 2 The state of the Streets before the introduction of paving, and during or after the prevalence of rainy weather, must have been desperate indeed : every thoroughfare was provided with"le comon guttura," and these watercourses, from the special manner in which they are frequently mentioned, must have been kennels of no ordi nary dimensions and nauseousness, and have no doubt frequently had their waters disturbed by the dragging through them of some unfortunate wight, whose inferiority of strength moved his opponent to give him a stinking bath perforce. View a dirty, deeply rutted 0 18 Wee tooke the next morning to viewe the Towne, for ouernight we could see nothing, but what the bye road in our day, and you have a pretty perfect notion of the roadway of a street in theirs, which, when anything notable of a processionary character was to be exhibited, was ordered " to be made sweete." This phrase would induce us to believe that the surface of the roadway was also made the receptacle of offal, ashes, and other domestic refuse. Imagine our trio, amid the gloom of an autumn night, urging their weary steeds bearing not less weary burdens, adown the awk ward roadway of Bottle-bank, steep, uneven, and scored by numer ous channels of dirty, loathsome water, which running onward ren dered the noble stream beneath more turbid than heavy rains had made it. Now they are passing beneath the three gloomy portals of the bridge, hemmed in with overhanging houses, whose tenants, or most of them, had long before retired to rest. View them emerg ing from the gate at the bridge end whose superstructure bearing a portraiture of the father of their present king, was but dimly visible in the gloom ; they pass the grim walls of the Chapel of Saint Thomas the Martyr and stand on the Sand-hill : at their backs the opening of the Close, with its opulent and knightly inhabitants ; on their right, the gloomy water-gate, and hard by it, the Guild-hall of the good Koger de Thornton, and beyond, the building formerly the hospital of St. Katharine, likewise founded by him, but now used as the hall of the fraternity of Merchant-Adventurers, whose barques lay safely in the dancing current a few yards in front. To the left and in front were discernible great piles of picturesque wooden houses, with continuous lines of casemented windows, whose ample space had but a little before been resplendent with the lamps of festivity, though now mostly extinguished; and spreading away from their horses' feet, was a vast hill of sand, whose surface had that evening witnessed the sports of many an honest artixan and appren tice, while their more opulent neighbours looked on approvingly, 19 lights in it yeilded vs. Wee found the people and streets much alike, neither sweet nor cleane, yet and at times joined the merry throng. But these things had passed for this time, and our travellers weary and way worn seek for the rest they may not find on the Sandhill ; the night air blows chilly from the river, and the rising tide plashes in the stream which in tersects the sand, — they spur onward and reaching its brink find something akin to difficulty of passage, but moving up its western brink, they pass beneath the huge projecting storeys of tall houses, closely set side by side, and ford by the foot of an antient stone cross, while they immediately begin to ascend the steep winding hill which leads to the foot of Pilgrim-street. Now they pass the old church of All Hallowes, and ensconce themselves at some host- elrie, in all probability one of those antient inns in that notable street, which to this day rejoice in their olden features, and bear the very signs (if not the sign boards) which swung from their balconies in the reigns of James the First and Charles. Newcastle has ever been notable for its hospitality, its openness of heart, its love of good cheer, and its hostels : the signs of many of them attest their own antiquity — what else of such as the White Hart, the White Swan, the Golden Lion and others, badges of regal pomp and royalty; the Cross Keys, the Seven Stars, the Three Kings of Coleyn, and the Angel, of matters spiritual ; Robin Hood, the Pack Horse, the Blue Posts, the Fox and Lamb, the Greyhound, and the Bird in Bush, of things civil. " Ale," says an old author, " is rightly called nappy, for it will set a nap upon a man's thread bare eyes when he is sleepy. It is called merry goe downe, for it slides downe merrily. It will whet the wit so sharp that it will make a carter talke of matters beyond his reach ; it will cause a man to speake past his own or any other man's capacity or understanding ; it sets an edge upon rhetorick, it will put courage into a coward, and make him to swagger and fight ; it is a great friend to truth, for they that drinke of it to the purpose, will reveale 20 seated in a Vale betweene two mighty Hills, in two Counties, (Noithumberland and Durham) part ed by that famous Riuer, (Tyne) which wee pass'd all they know, be it never so secret to be kept." In a different strain, another writer in a letter to the then bishop of Durham tells us that " to the end that no man who hath coyne and is addicted to the vanitie thereof, may be abridged of his humo', ale houses are so plentifuU at this day that almost the one halfe of euery towne is nothing but ale houses. Great pittie it is," continues he, "that our wor' Justices of the peace will not roote out a great part of them, considering how manie sweete, hopefuU and vertuous young gentu and others have splitt their whole estates, and shipwrackt their best fortunes upon the rockes of drunkennes and brought themselves to untimely deathes." Well might our first quoted say " the immo- derate taking of it (as of the best things) is not commended." Then as to the music of Newcastle, surely it was taken to almost as great an excess as our severe declaimer describes the ale. At municipal convocations and banquets, at corporate feasts and meet ings, at private breakfasts and merry-makings, it was the constant ac companiment. At sunset and the close of the day the streets were filled with the sounds of voices and instruments, and the apprentices relieved from their toil for that day refreshed themselves with the sounds of the fiddle, the dulcimer, the gytterne, and the pipes ; while from the open casements poured forth the tones of vyrginall or voice. The vyrginall was a stringed instrument, played with keys, and had in its own day as many devoted admirers as its mo dern congener of ours. There were professors, too, of the vyrgi nall as there are those of the piano, and like them they have been liable to the fatuities to which musical men appear so much ex posed ; our " musishon which techt children to play on the virginers, died in [the] gayl" of New-gate, was carried forth, and buried at the church hard by. 21 by a fayre stone Bridge of 10 Arches w"" some Towers, to w'^'^ comes the Shipps. The Key is fayre, and long, and a strong wall there is betweene it, and the Towne, on which we march'd all abreast. On the top of the old Castle built by Robert D. of Normandy, wee saw all the way downe to Sheilds, some 7. miles distance, where the Seas entrance is, in w^*" Channell lay not that number of Shipps, Vessells, and Barkes that some times doth, for wee were inform'd that the Riuer is capable of receiuing 2. 3. 4. or 500 saile at a time, and to ride therin safely at anchor, w*out damnify ing one another. The towne is surrounded by a strong and fayre built Wall, w'^ many Towers thereon. It hath 7. gates, and is gouerned by a Mayor (Mr. Cole) then fat and rich, vested in a sack of Sattin, and 12. Aldermen. The last Mayor, (Sir Lionell Maddison) and now Recorder, (Sir T. Riddcll, senr.) did both endure Knighthood in His Ma"™ late progresse. Then did wee take a view of the Market Place, the Towne Hall, the neat Crosse, ouer against w* al most is a stately, prince-hke, freestone Inne, in w'^'^ we tasted a cupp of good wine ; then taking a view of the 4. Churches in the Towne, and breaking o' fast in thaf fayre Inne, (Mr. Leonard Carr's)-^ we ^ The writer appears to allude to the house now called the Nag's 22 hasten'd to take horse, and nowe are wee ready to take o' leaues of the progresse way, hauing no stomacks for Tweed, nor those inhabitants ;^ for Head, at the foot of the Butcher bank: a large gaunt old stone house, with a projecting entrance, which, leading into a court yard, part of which extends beneath the house, is at this spot sup ported by a stout pillar. A ramble through its numerous and de cayed chambers is now somewhat of a task, but a few years since the sight of its oaken walls and carved mantletrees would have been estimated no slight pleasure. A portion of it is now used as dwel lings for the poorer class, a room or two by a neighbouring shop keeper, but the bulk is, and has long been, used as an inn, which, from the tenor of our narrative, appears to have been its occupation then. It has been said that this house was a former mansion house, and certainly its magnitude and appearance, would seem to bear out the opinion, did it not appear to have been otherwise ; for although the Leonard Carr, who appears then to have occupied it as a vintner, may have been the same Leonard Carr who was elevated to the post of alderman in 1641, and was sheriff in 1635, yet as he never served the office mayor at all, we may reasonably conclude that the building was not the mansion house. This house, then, appears to have been the residence of Leonard Carr, who under any circum stances was a resident in the parish of All Saints, a member of the four and twenty, gave rents out of divers houses in the Butcher bank to the church, and was buried within its walls. He was turned out of his aldermanship at the rebellion. 4 Implacable was the hatred of the Northumbrians to the Scots: subjected to the harrassing inroads and plundering expeditions of that nation from an indefinite period, it is no wonder that the inhabi tants looked upon them with an aspect anything but pacific. In no case is this feature more observable than in the orders made by the va rious incorpoiated companies of Newcastle upon Tyne for the exclu- 23 being got out of the Towne through one of the gates, wee march'd away, w"^ pretty murmuring musicke, along the Riuers of Tyne and Derwent, w'='' kept vs from straying on o' left, as the Picts Wall did on o'' right ; by w"='' Riuers were plac'd many fayre houses, Parkes, and Castles, w"^'^ appear'd to vs in that afternoons travell. We met with some dangerous wayes and passages, one more especially, for it was rocky and steepy, so was it narrow, and sion of these people : thus the Coopers in 1426 enact that the breth ren " shall take no skottesman borne to aprintice nor alienn nor pecte nor swylk to wyet wetandly nethur w*in the towne nor with out," and the Masons in 1581, after a precisely similar order, decree that " the yeares of euery such Scott tooching his apprentishood so taken to be vtterlie voide and of none effect, and likewise, that no maner of Scott borne in Scotland shall be admitted to be made free by composicon or agreament in the feoloship in any maner of wise." After the coming of James, however, these regulations though re tained in the ordinary, seem to a certain extent to have lost their potency, and in the registry of apprentices we trace many names of Scottish origin. If, however, the company as a body chose to suffer any laxity of first principles, the prejudice in the minds of in dividuals was not impaired one whit : such must have been the sentiment which possessed master Henry Cramlington, a worthy glover of Newcastle, when he quarrelled with his brother freeman, Mungo Douglas, (who was apprenticed in 1625) taxing him with " having runn out of Scotland and denied his name to get his free dom of the towne." Succeeding years brought a still greater acces sion of freemen of the like origin, and at this day a very large pro portion of the inhabitants of Newcastle are of undoubted Scottish descent 24 intricate, winding euery step, and expecting o" Nags to fall upon vs ; a place this was as dangerous to vs and others, that way land trauellers, as the gulfe is terrible to seamen. (Stella, Sir Th ; Tempeses. Prudho Castle, the Earl of Northumberland.) And now when wee had thought that dangers were pass'd, wee met a Gulfe too, at the entrance into Hexam, ouer the rapid Riuer Tyne, where for Want of boat or bridge, wee were enforc'd in the vale of night to passe a swift deepe streame, ouer high great stumbling stones, in such danger both to o' horse and to o' selues, as had wee not fortunately happen'd on a Guide, that Knew the Foording place well, wee had there ended o'' Travells. Well ouer wee got in safety, thankes to o'' Guide, and although wee found this Towne (Hexam) but small and the Inhabitants poore, yet was there in it 2. fayre Towers, w''*' were built as well there, as in many other places of these wild Countryes, to defend them against the Scots. Sure this Towne hath beene of greater note and receipt ; for in her is a large Cathedrall like Church, much defac'd and decay'd, and now unseamely Kept. Heere in this place there sometimes rested the bones of St. Cuthbert, brought hither from Holy Hand neere Berwicke, and where eat 6. Bishops in succession, before the translation of the sayd Saints bones to Durham. In this Church 25 there are some old Monuments of note, one of a Duke that was slaine in a battell against the Scotts. Neere adioyning to it is a fayre and handsome Ab bey, wherein liueth a noble Knight, (Sir John Fen- wicke) that giueth free entertainm'. And to say something of o'' Inne, wee were as well accomodated w* cheape and good fare, sweet lodging, and Kind vsage, as Travellers would desire. The next morning we happily lighted on a Guide, who by chance was bound for those intricate wayes ; a perfect Intelligencer was he, and wee did imagine him to be some Processe Carryer, or some Messenger or Informer, that vsed to visit the Northerne Parts, for he was both perfect in the wayes and places of the cheife men in those Countryes ; w"" him wee mounted for Carlile, still along by the Picts Wall. The wayes wee found as mountainous, rocky, and dangerous as those the day before, but not so tedious in respect wee had a good Guide. Many antient Castles and Seats and some Parkes we pass'd by in o"^ sight on both sides, but more especially (as wee are specially bound to that House) wee did not let it passe, — the stately and fayre Castle of Naworth,* * Marg. Note. — Langley Castle, Sir Fr. Ratcliffes, Bart. ; Wil- limontswicke, Mr. Kidleys House and Parke ; Bellister, and Blen- kinsop Castles, Mr. Blenkinsops. Thirwall, by Picts Wall ; Un- thank. Captain Howards. Gelt foreste, Naworth Castle and 26 w* :hat large ston'd wall'd Parke, wherein many heardes of Deere doe feed on such high Mountaines, as commaunds and ouertops the whole Country thereabouts and some parts of the next adiacent Kingdome. The Parkes, liberties, and Forrest, that doth belong to that noble old Lord, all togeather w*in the compasse of his owne territories, I dare (heareing the same verefy'd from his lordships owne mouth) auerre to be as great a quantity togeather in one place, as any one other lord hath whatsoeuer. Here (Naworth Castle) wee intended to tender o' respects and seruices ; but his late removall pre vented our designe ; onely wee stay'd a little while in viewing his L'"' Mansion, House, and Castle King ly Hall, &c. But his Lp and Retinue being absent, we hastned away for Carlisle ; but let vs (before wee de part out of his L^ precincts) not to forget to tell you what lucky entertainm* wee mett w^ in a little poore Cottage in his liberties, driuen in thither with very ill Weather, to witt, a cup of nappy Ale and a peece of a Red Deere Pye ; more than wee thought fit to acquaint his L? with. Not long before wee came into his Lp' large terri tories of Gillsland, we pass'd the Picts WaU which Piake, Branton Parke, and Gillsland liberties, all the Lord William Howards. 27 runs quite through the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, begining at Wallsend neere the East Sea upon the River of Tyne and ending at the West Sea a little beyond Carlile, w°^ the Romane Emperours first made 8 Foot broad and 12 foot high, (Adrian and Severus) and 80 mile long ; and there, ouer a little riuolet, wee entred into the next County, (Cumberland) the place where the High SherifFe receives the Judges, w"^ many attendant Bennetts and Gallowayes, and here we left Tyne, to seeke his head, not far from Tees. From that place to Warwick Bridge wee pass'd ouer all the way that Lords liberties and franchises, and there ouer the Riuer Eden by a fayre Archt Bridge ; and to end o'' second weekes trauell, passing the little Brooke, Petterell, we came safe and well, though well wett to o' Inne ye Angell in the Markett Place, in that old strong Citty of Carlile, built by a Brittish King, neere a thousand yeeres before Christ ; for of these two pro perties, antiquity and strength, it may cheifely boast, it being otherwise both for Reuenues, Buildings, and Inhabitants, and their condition, very poore. The next day wee repayr'd to their Cathedrall (St. Maries) w"*" is nothing soe fayre and stately, as those wee had scene, but more like a great wild Country Church, and as it appear'd outwardly, soe was it in. wardly, neither beautify 'd nor adorn'd one whit. I remember no more monuments of note, but that of Bp Oglethorp,5 that crown'd o'^late vertuous Queen Eliza beth, and that of Snowden" the Bp, that preach'd Robin Hood to o'' late renown'd King. The Organs and voices did well agree, the one being like a shrill bagpipe, the other like the Scottish Tone. The Sermon in the like accent was such, as wee would hardly bring away, though it was deliuer'd by a neat young Scholar, 5 Owen Oglethorp was born at Newton Kyme, near Tadcaster, CO. Ebor. He was of Magdalen Coll. Oxon, and chosen to the see of Carlisle in October 1556, but the pope's confirmatory bull did not arrive until 28 Jan. following. In 1558, the see of Canterbury being vacant. Heath, Archbishop of York, declined crowning Queen Elizabeth, and Oglethorp appears to have been the only prelate pliant enough to perform a rite which the remainder of the bench had refused. He was soon afterwards deprived of his bishoprick, and his inconsistent life was terminated by apoplexy. He was buried privately at the church of S. Dunstan in the West, London. He endowed a Grammar-school and an hospital at Tadcaster. — [Jefferson's Carlisle 213-14.) ^ Robert Snowdon, a native of Mansfield- Woodhouse, co. Notts, was a prebendary of Southwell, tie was consecrated bishop of Carlisle in York Minister 24 Nov. 1616, by Arbp. Jfathew. He died in London, May 1621. — Barnaby Potter, the diocesan at the period of our tract, was a native of Kendal or its immediate neighbourhood, born 1578, and educated at Queen's Coll. Oxon. He was consecrated in London, to the see of Carlisle, 15 March 1628, at which his nephew, Christopher Potter, D.D., preached the consecration sermon. The bishop died in London, Jan. 1641, and was buried in the church of S. Paul, Covent Garden. (Jeffer son 218-220.) 29 (sent that morning from Rose Castle the Bp' man sion, w* stands vpon Rose, and Cawd Riuers) one of the Bp= Chaplaines, to supply his Lords place that day. The Communion also was administered and re ceived in a wild and unreuerent manner.* To leaue the Church, wee made bold a little w* the day to view the Citty, and in it the cheife place, the strong and fayre Castle, built by William Rufus vpon a rocke close by the Riuer (Edon) w"'' comes from Ap pleby, on the North side of the Citty towards Scotland, ouer w* Riuer there is a fayre stone Bridge of 9. or 10. Arches, about 8 miles from the Sea. When wee were on the top of the Castle, wee easily discern'd the Siluer Sands, that in places part the two Kingdomes, and neere to them Burgh on the Sands, where King Edward the First breathed his last. Great Nay Church and Brunswicke Hill in Scotland, wee at the Same time did see, w"^*" sight did sufficiently satisfy vs, without the curiosity or paines of trauelling thither. This ancient Citty hath felt much of the feirceness of the bordering Scotts, w''' hath caus'd her to be guarded w*'^ as strong and defensible a Wall and Citadell, as any other in England, through w* wee enter her by three strong Gates. It makes shifte to • Marg. Note. Bishop Potter. D'' Cumber, Dean. M'' Singleton, Chancellor. M" Dawes and 4 more Prebends. 16 Cannon, and Singing men. 6 Boyes. 30 maintaine a Mayor, distinguish'd by his white staffe, and 12 Aldermen his brethren, sans Cap of Mainten ance but their blew Bonnets, w* they are as proud in, as our Southerne Citizens in their Beauers. Two of the Aldermen (Sir Rich: Graham & Sir George Dal- ston) being very worthy Knights doth grace and coun tenance their Company, and poore Citty not a little, soe the graue Recorder doth being a Knight also. Whilst wee were thus rounding, facing, counter marching, and wheeling in this strong Garison Towne, we heard of a Messenger from that truly noble Lord wee the last day miss'd on at Naworth, w"* a curteous inuitation to dinner at Corby Castle the next day (for there his Lp then was) which wee aocompted (as it was indeed) a mighty favour from soe noble a person, and sent back his Lp' Seruant, w**" the tender of o' services, till the next day that wee were to wayte upon his LP to present them our selves. The next day wee went thither, and were by that generous braue Lord curteously and nobly entertain'd, and sorry he sayd he was, that hee was not at Na worth to give vs there the like. His Lp^ commaunds made vs to transgress good manners, for neither would he suffer vs to speake vncouer'd nor to stand vp, (although o'^ duty requir'd another posture) but plac'd vs by his Lp him selfe to discourse w*"^ him un- till dinner time. SI Anon appear'd a graue and vertuous Matron, his Hon''^'' Lady, who told vs indeed wee were heartily welcome, and whilst o'' Ancient and my selfe address'd o' selues to satisfy his L? in such occurrents of Nor- folke, as he pleas'd to aske and desir'd to know, wee left to o' modest Captaine to relate to his noble Lady what she desir'd. These noble Twaine (as it pleas'd them to tell vs them selues) could not make aboue 25 yeares both togeather, when first they were mar- ry'd, that now can make aboue 140 yeares, and are very hearty, well, and men-y, and long may they con tinue soe, for soe haue they all just cause to pray, that line neere them; for their hospitality and fre entertainment agrees w'^ their generous and noble extraction, and their yeares retaines the memory of their hon'''^ Predecesso" bountifull house Keeping.^ ^ Lord William Howard, celebrated as the bold, fearless, and effective lord warden of the marches, is also as a literary man, very memorable ; but in the words of Mr. Howard of Corby, "his real monument should be inscribed, The Civilizer of our Borders." "In 1624," says Mr. Howard, "according to the accounts cited. Lord William and his lady were settled at Naward, and all their family — sons, daughters, and their wives and husbands — appeared to have lived with them ; tradition says they were fifty-two. We see his second son, Sir Francis Howard, confidentially employed in receipts of money and management of his estates, as he was an assistance to him in his official capacity." In 1 577, Elizabeth Dacre, the youngest of the sisters and coheiresses of the late George Lord Dacre, married the Lord William Howard, who thus became pos- 32 Amongst other dishes that came then to his Lp' Table, one there was seru'd in at the second course, w"'' was not unusuall, a liue Roe ; and as there was great store of venison, soe was there plenty of wine, and as freely these two noble persons commaunded it to be filled. I verily thinke his Honor may com- maund Venison there, as o"' Southern Gentlemen doe Sheep here ; for I heard his L? say, that his sonnes had then kill'd out of his owne Parkes 120. Buckes of this Season. Soone after dinner wee desir'd to take o'' leaves, and to that end wee presentend o' selves, w"'' his lordship curteously granted, after wee had told him or designes, and commaunded one of his Gentlemen to accompany vs ouer those dangerous fells, and to be o'' guide to Greystocke Castle ; his noble Nephews and himselfe vouchsaf 'd to bring vs through his Gardens and Walkes to the riuer side (Petterell), and there committed vs to a noble Gen tlemen his Sonne to passe in a boat w* vs ouer the sayd Riuer. There wee tooke o' humble leaves of that Noble sessed of the INaworth estates, after having been held by the Dacre family (luring a period of two hundred and sixty years. At the date of her marriage, she was some months less than fourteen, and her husband a few months older. His father the Duke of Norfolk, designed him for a Protestant, but he afterwards inclined to Catho lic principles, and ever after adhered to them. He died 9 Oct. 1640 ; she in the seventy-fourth or fifth of her age. 33 Lord, and the like we did on the other side of the Riuer, of his curteous Sonne, and so mounted w"^ a gentile Guide for Greystocke by 2. Knightes houses, leaning stony Meg and her 77. Daughters, as hard hearted as her selfe, on o' left hand.* This stately Castle is situated on an ascent, but a little into a large wall'd Parke, replenishe'd w* great store of Deere. In it there are Hills that commaund and ouertop the whole Country ; neere adioyning to this his LP hath another Parke like a sohtary Wil derness. The hideous hanging Hills and great Pooles, w*^ the murmuring noyse of those great waters and those high mountainous tumbling rockey hills, would make a man thinke he were in another world. Att this Castle wee stay'd soe long, as time would giue us leaue ; the time wee did stay, wee were very courte ously entertayn'd by the noble Knight (Sir W"" How ard) and his Lady, and had a full and free view of this strong and spacious Castle. From thence wee hastn'd to o' Inne at Perith, w"'' was not far, yet what with the stony wayes and the losse of o' Captaine Dehumas, as soe hinder'd o"' trauel ling pace, that made vs bring night thither. There wee lodged, and the next day iorney'd to Kendall • Marg. Note. Graystocke Castle, the Earl of Arundells, S'' Henry Blinco of Blinco. S^ Richard Fletcher of Hutton Castle. 34 through such wayes, as we hope we neuer shall againe, being no other than climing, and stony, and nothing but bogs and myres, and the tops of those high hills, so as wee were enforc'd to keepe these narrow, loose, stony, base wayes though neuer soe troublesome and dangerous ; And marke the mischeife ! If a man marke not his waye very well, and so chance to be out a wea bit, the rude, rusticall, and ill-bred people, with their gamyng and rating, have not will enough to put vs in. We could not vnder- stand them neyther would they vnderstand vs, that had wee not happily lighted on a good old man, (hau ing lost o' way in this dayes trauell upon the fells) we had beene (if not grauell'd) I am sure mir'd, and layd vp irrecouerably, without help or hopes ; for we had as much adoe, although w''' his directions, to get off safely, as a tatter'd Ship in distresse of weather ; it was a hundred to one, that wee should soe escape this eminent land danger, as this good old man made it plainly and euidently appeare to vs : well ! through his help (thanks be to God !) wee escaped. On wee went for Kendall, desiryng much to be releas'd of those difficult and dangerous wayes, w* for the space of 8 miles trauelling a slow marching pace, wee pass'd ouer nothing but a confus'd mixture of rocks and boggs. I forgot to tell you, that at Perith Towne end wee 35 came ouer the Riuer, that divides the 2. Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, w"'' are very moun- taynous, stony, and boggy : close to this sayd Eiiuer (Emont) wee pass'd by another Bridge, another Riuer, neere to the brinke whereof stands Broom Castle. Few other Seates (Lowther) in this dayes tiresome march did appeare, unlesse some small clusters of poore Cottages in those deep valleys by. I thinke the Sun had neuer shone on them, yet by these bare- legg'd rusticks yclep'd villages, suche as wee neuer saw before, nor likely euer shall see againe. Att last wee past ouer the riuer Kant att Can by a fayre archt Bridge, leaning on c left hande Mint Castle much decay'd, and so into the old, an cient, clothing, Aldermen Towne of Kendall, and lodg'd there w"^ our cheap host at the Foxe and Geese. This Towne is like a Wind mill Saile ; the Church is large, hauing 5. Alleys in it, 6. rowes of seats, 4. of pillers, and what need we to say more of this an cient Barony ? It is graced by a Bench of Justices at a Sessions, though not at an Assizes, they being kept allways at Appleby in that County. Not far from this Towne is a miraculous standing water of a great depth, and 10. miles long, and one mile broad (Windermere), wherein there is a fish, called a Charr, something like a Trout, w'^'' in the winter season are 36 exceeding plentifull, the like whereof is no where else to be scene in England. The next day we veile o'' Bonnets to all those wild Northern Parts, and passing by some few Seats, wee entred into the famous County Palatine of Lan cashire. NOTES OF A JOURNEY Burt)am atiti J&ortjumtjerlanti IN THE YEAR 1635. BY SIR WILLIAM BEERETON, BART. j5a,ij;3^( NOTES OF A JOURNEY, ^c. ^E left EUenthorpe : whence to Cat- ERicKE Brig is twelve miles, fair way; Leemeing Lane, seven long, as straight, level way as is Watt ling Street from the Cross,* 'twixt Hint- ley -f- and Lutterworth to Adderstone, {' From Caterigg Brigg to Peirs Brigg § seven miles, || a straight way also ; thence to Bishoppe Auckland, seven mile. We lodged at Newton, two miles out of the road, and from Peirs * Now called High Cross. f Hinckly. \ Atherstone. § Pierce bridge, over the Tees, connects the counties of York and Durham. It is twelve miles from Catterick bridge. II Twelve miles. Brig, with generous Mr. Henry Blackistone, younger brother to Sir W. Blackstone of Gibsett,* whose eldest son married my cousin -f- Mary Eggert[on]. Here I was kindly and neatly entertained, and this gentleman brought me to Aukeland, invited me to his brother's and his nephew Wren's, Mr. Linsley Wren, who married Sir W. Blackstone's daughter, a fine gentlewoman,| very lively, and of a free car riage, &c. Here he lodged all night, and (upon his return to Auckland next morn) staid with me until evening. Junii 20. — We went from this good family upon Sat. 20 Ju., and by the way in his grounds he showed good marie ; he breeds about twenty calves * This eldest son of Mr. Henry Blakiston, was a distinguished loyalist, and knighted at Oxford, 12th April, 1643, by King Charles T, in whose service he held the rank of colonel, and was desperately wounded in the attack on Massey's quarters, at Monmouth, Sept. 1644. He lived to see the Restoration. f Cousin is here used merely as indicative of some relationship, not in the sense to which it is at present restricted. Richard Eger ton of Ridley, married Margaret, only sister to Sir William Brere ton ; his sister, Mary Egerton, the lady here mentioned, married Sir William Blakiston of Newton, Co. Durham. :f Barbara, fourth daughter of Sir William Blakiston, was con tracted to marry Lindley Wren, son and heir of Sir C. Wren, Knt of Binchester, 27th Sept. 1622, when she was only about sixteen years of age. This lady's lively and free carriage provokes some further remarks from Sir W. Brereton. yearly. I saw handsome weUikeing stirks of his, about twenty. This morning I tasted pure white honey out of the last year's comb. Here bees pros per well, though it be so much north ; here is about eighteen hives ; none perished last winter ; the mouths stopped in winter close up ; only to admit air, let a little hole be made with a stick. The hives were only covered on the top with a clod of earth, and are indeed very strong and substantial. In some places in this country they remove their hives in winter into their houses ; they yield most profit and purest honey if they live not above two or three years, and then may be drowned. A good hive worth about one pound ten shillings or two pound per annum, so much were their bees worth. Here I saw the most and best purest honey that I ever met withal ; one great pot worth five or six pounds ; greater profit herein than in any other commodity, and with least trouble and charge. This day at Bishoppe- Auckland with Dr. More- ton,* Bishop of Durham, who maintains great hos pitality in an orderly, well-governed house, and is a very worthy reverend bishop, whose importunity I could not resist, who, when I offered to take leave. * Dr. Thomas Morton, Bp. Chester 1616 ; Lichfield and Cov entry 1618 ; Durham 1632. Born 1564, died 1659. brought me into my chamber. This castle, as it is a stately, pleasant seat of great receipt, so is it of great strength, compassed with a thick stone-wall, seated upon the side of an hill, upon a rock, a river running below, and good store of wood (though little timber) encompassing above. Here is a very fair, neat hall, as I have found in any bishop's palace in England. Two chapels,* belonging hereunto, the one over the other; the higher a most dainty, neat, light, pleasant place, but the voice is so drowned and swallowed by the echo, as few words can be understood. The tower is made use of upon Sabbath-days, where, 21 Junii, Dr. Dod,-f- now Dean of Ripon, made an excellent sermon ; great resort hither on Sabbath by the * Not many years after the date of this journal, the chapel was com pletely destroyed by the blasphemous and traitorous wretches who espoused the same cause as Sir William himself; the materials were used for a private dvcelling, which after the restoration was pulled down by Bishop Cosin, who employed the same materials again" to assist in erecting the present enlarged chapel. f Thomas Dod, D. D., nephew of John Dod the Decalogist, was chaplain to King Charles I, Archdeacon of Richmond, Dean of Ripon, and Prependary of Chester, Rector of Astbury 1607, and of the lower moiety of Malpas 1623. He preached before the king at Nantvpich in his progress through Cheshire in 1617. He died Feb. 10, 1647-8, He was twice married ; in 1604, to Thomasine, daughter of Thomas Coller, his predecessor as rector of Malpas ; in 1619, to Dorothy, daughter of Hugh Bromley of Hampton. 11 neighbourhood ; one sermon in morning and prayers in the afternoon. Here are three dining-rooms, a fair matted gal lery, wherein there was placed on both sides these pictures : Jo. Huss, Hierom of Prauge, Luther, Zuinglius, Cranmer, Latymer, Whittakers,* Wick- lifie, Calvin, Beza, Perkins,f Bullinger, Jewell, Pagius,+ Ridley, Bradford,§ Zanchius,|| Bucer, &c. And none but of this strain. A dainty stately park, wherein I saw wild bulls and kine, which had two calves runners. There are • William Whitaker, a strenuous controversialist against the errors of the Church of Rome, was born at Holme in Lancashire, and died in 1595. Bishop Hall said of him, "Never a man saw him without reverence, or heard him without wonder." f William Perkins, of Ch. Coll. Camb., born at Marston, War wickshire, author of many learned works, which, as he was lame of his right hand, were all written with his left. He was deprived by Abp. Whitgift for puritanism. He died at Cambridge, 1602. I P. Franciscus Pagius was a .Tesuit, executed at Tyburn, 30th Ap. 1602, but this can scarcely be the person intended, as he was by no means of a strain with the others mentioned. § John Bradford, one of the most eminent preachers of his time, of exemplary piety, and of true Christian charity, was burnt in Smithfield, July 1, 1555. II Jerome Zanchius, born 1516, a disciple of Peter Martyr, was professor successively at Strasburgh, and Heidelburgh. He died 1590 having the character of being one of the most learned of the reformers, as also one of the most pious, and of the greatest modera tion in controversy, combined with proper firmness. 12 about twenty wild beasts, all white ; will not endure your approach, but if they be enraged or distressed, very violent and furious ; their calves will be won- derous fat. Here we rested the Lord's-day, and were very generously and nobly entertained. Here dined with him this day Mr. Linsley Wren of Winchester,* and his wife, a mighty gallant, a fine dainty gentle - woman,-|- if she know but how to value and prize the perfections God hath given her ; whose husband hath impaired his estate in maintaining * * at so great height. Junii 22. — Upon Monday morning early, Dr. Dod and myself hence departed, and I delivered unto his servant my packet of letters for Cheshire. I went hence to the city of Durham, which is seven miles from Auckland Castle, where I gave, in rewards to the officers, ten shillings and sixpence. We saw Durham hence, which stands high upon divers hills, and is a stately and delightful prospect, especially the minster and the Bishop's Palace, which is built castlewise, and is a place of great strength, and is in good repair, wherein the bishop doth winter ; which is not large as Auckland, but very stately and convenient. He is Bishop of Dur- * Binchester. f See above, p. 8. ham and Earl of Sadberrie. In this there is a very little chapel, and no great hall, and three dining- rooms, and a little gallery, wherein are the arms of all the gentlemen of this country of Bishoprick. The minster is as neatly kept as in any in Eng land, built like unto Paul's ; wherein are, in the body of the church, on either side, eight great and stately pillars as great as Paul's : herein the daintiest font that I have seen in England, the body or font-stone and foot of pure marble, over which is placed a cover or canopy folding of wood, curiously carved, wherein described the history of Christ's baptism. Herein a stately pair of double organs, which look both into the body of the church and chancel ; a stately altar- stone, all of fine marble, standing upon a frame of marble pillars of the same marble of the font. When the communion is here administered, which is by the bishop himself, here is laid upon this altar, or rather communion-table, a stately cloth of cloth of gold ; the bishop useth the new red embroidered cope, which is wrought full of stars, like one I have seen worn in St. Dennis in Fraunce ; there are here other two rich copes, all which are shaped like unto long cloaks reaching down to the ground, and which have round capes. In the higher end of the church, above the chan- 14 eel, stood* the shrine of St. Cuttbert, which doubt less was very large and rich, inasmuch as before it, and on either side, you may discern the stones whereupon you tread much worn, and great cavities made by the scraping of those that came to worship and offer to this saint ; and, betwixt this shrine and the higher end and wall of the church, there is a cross aisle, which doth also encompass the chancel. Here still appears where there were formerly nine altars, which are now demolished. In the window there is placed the picture of St. Cuttbert praying in the holy isle, the water flowing up to his chin; the picture also in glass of a friar correcting a nun, and turning down the bed-clothes to her middle. Here in the chancel, which is very neat, is a most stately desk of brass, which was the ninth part of a candlestick, which at the dissolution was thrown into an obscure place, and found but of late ; this was a most mighty vast candlestick. In the lower end of this minster (which is called St. Outtbert's) is St. Marie's chapel, which was erected and added unto the church by Bishop Langley ;-f- herein is now • i. c. previous to the Reformation. \ St. Mary's chapel is an addition to the cathedral, situated in front of the west end, and is termed the Galilee. It is said to have been built by Hugh Pudsey, bishop from 1153 to 1195, and to have 15 the consistory kept, and herein also is a tomb and monument of Bede : " Hie jacet in fossa Bedse Venerabilis ossa." In the churchyard is the tomb of him that was the steward, and disbursed the money when the church was erected ; of whom it is reported that, all his money being paid over night, his glove was by a spirit every night filled and sup plied, so as though it was empty over night, yet was replenished next morning ; his hand is made holding a glove stuffed with money ; and by this means was this great work built ; the name of steward of the work was Hubbapella. Upon the highest hill within this town is seated this minster and palace, and those parts of the streets of this town which are seated upon the same hill are within the walls, which are encompassed with the wall of the city. This minster is endowed with mighty large revenues, 'tis said no less than i?7000 or 6&8000 per annum. Twelve prebends belong hereunto, worth 6&200 or i?300 per annum. The deanery worth about J'1400, and twelve petty canons about ^PIO per annum. This hill, whereon seated the minster and castle, is almost compassed been repaired and altered by Bp. Langley. Thomas Langley was consecrated bishop of Durham, Aug. 8, 1406, made cardinal June 1, 1411, and twice held the office of lord chancellor of England. He died in the year 1437. ]«) round with the river Weare, over which there are are two fair bridges. There are four or five other streets of the town and suburbs, placed straggling one from another upon the hill tops. Some reason able handsome houses in this city, which is but poor by reason here is no trade. This city is compassed about with much higher hills than it is built upon. Hence in the afternoon ; going toward Newcastle upon [Tyne] we saw Lumley Castle, which belongs to my Lord Lumley * ; it is in reasonable good repair, though of no great strength ; near hereunto, and about three miles from Newcastle, there is a town placed, called Chester-in-the-streete. The sub urbs of Newcastle on this side the bridge are in the Bishoprick, and it is said that the counties of Bish oprick and Northumberland divide upon the middle of Tine bridge. ¦[¦ This is beyond all compare the fairest and richest town in England, inferior for wealth and building * The ancient barony of Lumley became extinct in the year 1609. Richard Lumley, descended from a branch of the family whose succession to the family honours had been barred by an attainder, was knighted by King James I, 1616, and created Lord Viscount Lumley of Waterford in Ireland in 1628, He adhered to King Charles I, and bore arms in his cause, having fortified his residence, Lumley castle. f The ' blue stone o' the brig " is well known to all beggars and vagabonds. Durham only claims one third of the bridge. 17 to no city save London and Bristow, and whether it may not deserve to be accounted as wealthy as Bristow, I make some doubt. It is seated upon the river Tine, the mouth of which river affords such a narrow channel at low water, as it is said not to be above forty yards broad ; and at the mouth there is a great shelf and bank of sand, so as at a high water also it is most dangerous passage for stran gers, inasmuch as they must pass near to that side of the haven which lieth close by and near under the command of Tine-mouth Castle ; which is a dainty seated castle, almost compassed with the sea, wherein hath been the fairest church I have seen in any castle, but now it is out of repair, and much neglected : it belongeth to the Earl of Northumber land. This river conveys a navigable channel from the sea to Newcastle, which is about seven miles, and it doth flow about six or seven miles (as I was informed) above the town into the country; this river is very plentifully furnished with salmon, — and over the same, 'twixt Bishoprick and Northumber land, there is erected (except London Bridge over Thames, and the bridge at Barwick over Tweed) one of the finest bridges I have met with in England, consisting of eight arches. London contains eighteen arches ; Barwick bridge, fifteen ; and this of New castle, eight arches. Rochester bridge over Medway 18 hath six large arches, erected with most difficulty, and over the deepest channel ; and it is a neat bridge, which hath iron bars placed on both sides. This town of Newcastle is governed by a mayor, a recorder, a sheriff, and ten aldermen : it hath great revenues belonging unto it (as I was informed), at least .£'5000 or dfi'eOOO per annum, besides great collieries employed for the use and supply of the commons and poor of the town. Herein are five churches ; and St. Nichol. church, which is the fairest, is as neat pewed, and formed with as much uniformity, as any I have found in England, and it is as neatly kept and trimmed. This town was assessed to pay ^"3570 towards the building of the late ship;* and Yorke taxed ^£"1800 ; and some towns of the country contributed with them, and paid =£'700, part of .f 1800 taxed. There is every day a market here kept, and in a dainty market-place. Tuesday and Saturday, a mighty market, and much provision comes out of Northumberland ; infinite store of poultry. This town (a great part of it) placed upon * The tax of ship-money was first imposed in 1630. A writ was directed to the sheriff of every county " to provide a ship of war for the king's service, and to send it, amply provided and fitted, by such a day to such a place." Leave was given to commute this for a sum of money. The tax was abolished in 1641 Clarendon, bk. i. pp. 120, 504. 19 the highest and the steepest hills that I have found in any great town ; these so steep as horses cannot stand upon the pavements, — therefore the daintiest flagged channels are in every street that I have seen : hereupon may horse or man go without danger of sliding. Resting here 23 Jun. I took boat about twelve o'clock, and went to Tine-mouth and to the Sheeldes, and returned about seven clock ; it is about seven miles. Here I viewed the salt works, wherein is more salt works, and more salt made, than in any part of England * that I know, and all the salt here made is made of salt-water ; these pans, which are not to be numbered, placed in the river-mouth, and wrought with coals brought by water from Newcastle pits. A most dainty new salk-work lately here erected, which is absolutely the most complete work that I ever saw ; in the breadth whereof is placed * " As early as 1489, iron salt-pans are mentioned as having been constructed by Lionel Bell, of South Shields. The salt-pans are frequently mentioned in the reign of Elizabeth, and seem betwixt that period and the reign of Charles I, to have attracted several settlers to South Shields. In 1667, there appears to have been one hundred and twenty-one salt-pans. In 1696, when the salt trade had reached its height, one hundred and forty-three. From that period this branch of trade has been gradually decreasing, and at present (1820) only five salt-pans remain." — Surtees' Durham, vol. ii. p. 95. 20 six rank of pans, four pans in a rank ; at either outside the furnaces are placed in the same manner as are my brother Boothes,* under the grate of which furnaces the ashes fall, and there is a Hd or cover for both ; and by the heat of these ashes, there being a pan made in the floor betwixt every furnace, which is made of brick, for which also there is a cover, there is boiled, and made into lumps of hard and black salt, which is made of the brine which drops from the new-made salt, which is placed over a cistern of lead, which cistern is under the floor of the store-house, which is in the end of the build ing ; these great lumps of hard black salt are sent to Colchester to make salt upon salt, which are sold for a greater price than the rest, because without these at Colchester they cannot make any salt. These twenty-four pans have only twelve furnaces and twelve fires, and are erected in this manner, all being square and of like proportion. They are placed by two and two together, one against the other : the six pans in the highest rank, the bottom equal with the top of the lower. The highest pans are thrice filled and boiled till it begin to draw * Sir William Brereton married, for his first wife, Susan, daugh ter of Sir George Booth, of Dunham. " Brother Booth " was probably William, the eldest son and heir ot Sir George, and father of the first Lord Delameie. He died the following year, 1636. 21 towards salt ; then a spiggot being pvdled out, the brine thus prepared runs into the lower pans, which brings it to a larger proportion of salt than other wise, gains time and saves fire, because it must be longer boiled in the other pans, and would spend fire, which is saved by reason of the heat which derives from the furnace of the upper pan, which by a passage is conveyed under the lower pan, which passage is about half a yard broad in the bottom, and is, at the top, of the breadth of the pan, which rest upon a brick wall which is of the thickness of one brick at top ; and this concavity under the lower pans is shaped slopewise like unto a kiln, nar row in the bottom and broad at the top ; and this heat, which is conveyed under and makes the lower pans to boil, comes, together with the smoke which hath no other passage, under these pans through loop-holes or pigeon-holes, which is conveyed into a chimney (a double rank whereof is placed in the middle of this building), betwixt which is a passage for a man to walk in. In the middle of every these chimneys is there a broad iron-plate, which is shaped to the chimney, which, as it stops and keeps in the heat, so it being pulled out abates the heat. It is to be observed that the twelve lower pans are only to be drawn twice in twenty-four hours, and by that time they are ready to be drawn ; the brine in the higher pans will be sufficiently boiled and prepared to be let into the lower, which are only to be drawn, and that twice in twenty-four hours ; they yield every of them every draught two bowls, which is worth 2s. a bowl, and sometimes 2s.4:d., so every pan yielding every day four bowls at two draughts, which comes to 8s., all twelve pans are worth every day 4?. 16s. ; so as all the twelve pans in a week make salt worth 28^. a week; which in the year amounts unto ^£'1400, accounting fifty weeks to the year. Two men and one woman to get out ashes, and one to pump their brine, manage and tend this whole work. The men's wages is 14s. a week, be sides he that pumps. This salt is made of salt water, which out of a brine pit made, which is sup plied at full sea, is pumped, and by pipes of lead conveyed into every pan : the wall of this house is stone, and the roof of this and all the rest of the houses wherein are brine-pans, are boards. Touch ing the proportion of fuel here spent, and some other particulars, Dobson's letter* is to be perused, and some further directions are to be received from him. Here at the Shields are the vastest salt works I * Dobson appears to have been the agent or manager of some of these salt-works, and we cannot discover that this letter was a published one. 23 have seen, and by reason of the conveniency of coal, and cheapness thereof, being at 7s. a chaldron, which is three wain load. Here is such a cloud of smoke as amongst these works you cannot see to walk; there are, as I was informed, about two hundred and fifty houses,* poor ones and low built, but all covered with boards. Here in every house is erected one fair great iron pan, five yards long, three yards and a half broad ; the bottom of them made of thin plates nailed together, and strong square rivets upon the nail heads, about the breadth of the batt of your hand : these pans are three quarters of a yard deep ; ten great bars there are placed on the inner side of the pan, three square, two inches thick; every of these great pans, as Dobson informed me, cost about 100?. and cannot be taken down to be repaired with less than 10?. charge. Every pan yields four draughts of salt in a week, and every draught is * The salt pans on both shores of the river are probably included in this estimate. See note on South Shields at page 19. At North Shields, salt pans were working on the eastern bank of the Pow Dean, in the time of the Priory, at Tynemouth ; probably as early as the year 800. The Pow Pans were making salt in the reign of queen Elizabeth ; and, according to Thoresby, these or ad jacent pans were engaged in the manufacture in the latter part of the 17th century. In 1634, the corporation of the Trinity House, New castle, bought land near Tolland's, Delaval's, and Selby's pans, to erect their Low Light upon. 24 worth about M. 10s. Spent in coal: ten chaldron of coal at 7s. a chaldron, which amounts to 3? 10s. in coals ; deduct out of 61. there remains 21. 10s. besides one man's wages. So as in these 250 pans there is weekly spent in coals 775?., every pan yield ing 61. weekly, being 250 : total of the worth of the salt made in them amounts to 1500?. ; gained 735?. ; deduct of this 120?. workmen's wages for making it, 120?. ; clear gain about 600?.* a year. A wain load of salt is here worth about 3?. 10s., and a chaldron of coals, which is worth 7s. is three wain load. Here, at Newcastle, is the fairest quay in Eng land I have met withal, from Tine-bridge all along Towne-wall, and almost to the glass-works, where is made window-glass. Divers havens of stone-wall erected to cast out their ballast upon, and they pay for every ton cast out 6d. This is a spacious haven, now naked of ships, but sometimes thronged. The fairest built inn in England that I have seen is Mr. Carre's, in this town : we lodged at the Swan, at Mr. Swan's the postmaster's, and paid 8d. ordi nary, and no great provision. He is a very forward man to have a coyf here erected. * There is an error in this calculation. 775 ought to be 875, and 735 ought to be 625 ; then the clear gain will be .£505 a-year. f Decoy. The principal subject of Sir William's observation in Holland was the management of their decoys, of which he seems to This town unto this country serves instead of London, by means whereof the country is supplied with money ; whereas otherwise so much money is carried out of the country to the lords and landlords, as there would be neither sufficient money to pay the tenants' rents, nor would the country be suppHed with money. This town is also famous for the walls which compass round the town, about which you may walk, and which is strengthened with strong towers placed upon the wall at no great distance. Hence to Carlisle was there erected the Picts' wall, which was the ancientest monument I have heard of in England, It was the work of the Romans : in some places, it is said to be above twenty yards broad towards Carlisle ; the people go to market upon it, and it may well be owned by the Romans, as being the bravest and best deserving work of greatest industry and charge, and the strongest fortification that I have ever met in England, reach ing, as here it was reported, from this tov>'n to the city of Carlisle, which is said to be sixty miles. It was made against the incursions of the Picts ; many inscriptions upon divers of these stones, which perpetuate the fame and memory of the Romans.have had one at Handford, and in which he took great interest. 20 Junii 24. — We left Newcastle,* and came to Mor peth, which is twelve miles, and is the post-to^vn; and by the way, about seven miles from Newcastle, we took notice of a convenient seat of a coy in Point Island, which belongs unto Mr. Mark Aring- ton.-f- We found at Morpeth a fine little castle, in good repair, which belongs to my Lord "William Howard ; | a market town, but poor houses. We dined at post-master's, and paid 12d. ordinary, and 6d. ordinary. Thence to Ax wicke is fourteen miles, where we lodged at the post-master's house ; 6d. ordinary, and good victuals and lodging. Here we saw a mighty great castle belonging to the Earl of Northumberland, wherein were all houses of office, many of them now in decay ; but my lord is re- paring the same by degrees. Great revenues paid • A few weeks after leaving Newcastle, Sir William Brereton visited Dublin, of which he says "This is the metropolis of the Kingdom of Ireland, and is beyond all exception the fairest, richest, best built city I have met with in this journey except Yorke and Newcastle." f "Mark Errington married the heiress of Sir Brian Stapleton, who married one of the co-heiresses of Viscount Beaumont. Er- rington's son took the name of Stapleton, and the Beaumont peerage is now in abeyance between his descendants and the other co-heir." — See Sir N. Harris Nicholas' Si/nopsis of the Peerage. ^ Lord William Howard was the celebrated Bald Willy or Belted Will Howard, Warden of the Western Marshes. He was great grandfather of the first Earl of Carlisle, and died 1640. 27 unto him out of this country ; at least eight horse- load of money. He hath four castles in this coun ty, viz. this castle, Warp-weth* castle. Tin-mouth castle, and [Prud-howe castle.] Great lands he hath in York-shire, at and about Toppliffe, where he sometimes lived, whence he rose in the rebellion in the North,-f and upon a moor near Burrough-bridges, which belongs unto Mr. Mallorye, of Studdley, there assembled the forces, and there met him the Earl of Westmerland. Two horrible, and most cruel, detestable murders have of late been committed in Bishopp-ricke and Nortliumberland. Mr. Lampton of Whittle, near Chester-street, which is three miles from Newcastle, an ancient gentleman of 300?. or 400?. j per annum. * Warkworth. f This alludes to the insurrection attempted in 1569 by the Earls of Norlhumberlund and AVestmorelaiid, who united their forces, amounting to nearly six thousand men, with the expectation of being joined by all the Roman Catholics in England. They issued a manifesto, declaring that they intended nothing against the queen, their sole aim being to re-establish the Roman Catholic religion, and remove evil counsellors. Elizabeth acted with her usual judgment and prudence, and despatched an army under the Earl of Sussex, before whom they slunk away and dispersed. Northumberland was taken, imprisoned, and ultimately beheaded at York, Aug. 22, 1572. I Edward VI granted the possessions of the dissolved house of Kepyear, in Ryton parish, to John Cockburne, who speedily con veyed it to John Heath, who again speedily disposed of a part of it 28 is now prisoner in Durham gaol, for poisoning two wives : his first wife was Mr. Heath's, of Kepeir,* daughter, by whom he had five sons and daughters. He sent one of her maids to Ne^vcastle to buy mercury, arsenic and stybium, which, it should seem, by some means, he procured his wife to receive, (a day or two after she was churched) ; who, as she died suddenly and unexpectedly, so was she as sud denly and secretly buried. He hath since given to to John Watson of Newcastle. This John Heath was probably ancestor to one of the supposed victims in this sad tragedy. See Surtees' History of Durham, vol. ii. p. 267. * Mr. Surtees gives the pedigree of Lambton of Trebley, and sometime of Whitehill ; Susan d. of John=Ralph Lambton, =Elizabeth, d. of Groves, Aid. of York, sister to Frances wife of Sir John Conyers, Bart. of Trebley,Gent. bapt 14 Jan. 1592-3, living 1657. Glover, widow of Ralph Sympson, of Pidding- hall Garth, Gent. marr. at Pottington 19 May 1633, buried there 4 May 1635. Ralph-John- William-Henry-James, Mary — Elizabeth. There cannot be any doubt thjt the above Ralph is the person charged with the murders; but the author was probably misinformed as to the name of the first wife, — for, by the Chester-le-street regis ter, it appears that Ralph Lambton and Susan Groves were married June 16, 1618, and Mrs. Susanna, wife of Mr. Ralph Lambton, died about 1629. — Information of Sir Cuthbert Sharp. Surtees does not make the slightest allusion to the tale here recorded. See Surtees' History of Durham, vol. ii. p. 201. 29 this maidservant, and assured unto her during her life, a pension of 2?. per annum. This trusty ser vant he hath since made use of as an engine to effect and accomplish the like design : and, as is now proved by the apothecary, in Newcastle, of whom the poison was bought, (all whom my Lord Bishop commanded before him by warrant) : it appears, by his testimony upon oath, that this maid came divers times unto him, in her master's name, for mercury, arsenic and stybium, which he refused to furnish her withal : hereupon, Mr. Lampton him self came to the apothecary and expostulated with him. The apothecary answered, except he sent a note under his hand, that he might be assured it was for him, he would send none : hereupon, he sent a note under his hand (which was produced), and mer cury, arsenic, and stybium were, by the same maid, sent him the day before his wife's death, who was a rich widow (Ralph Simpson's, a grazier wife), who brought him 3000?. and 300 or 400?. until her son came to age : this 3000?. was left unto the younger children ; which her eldest son coming to age, and sueing Mr. Lampton, hereupon some dislikes were conceived by him against his wife, who, not being well and having taken physick, and sending for a captain, who was left in trust by her former hus band, and sending for ale for him, whereof one bowl 30 full was left undrunk, when she went to bring him down stair : in the meantime, her husband stays in the chamber and puts this poison into the cup, and invites her drink it at his return, which (after she had put sugar into) she drunk, and presently fell into great extremity ; accused her husband to have poisoned her ; sent for the captain, who, immediately returning, found her at point of death, whose last words were : That she took it upon her deatli, that her husband had poisoned [her], and withal she related the manner, and so died, desiring that her children and this captain would see her death re venged. After her death, her body was viewed by the physicians, and all of them unanimously affirm that she was certainly poisoned. He is committed to Durham gaol, but pleads himself. Junii 25. — We lodged at the post-master's, at Anwick, last night, where we were well-used; 6c?. ordinary supper, and id. breakfast; good lodging, and neat. Hence to Bellford, which is next post- town, twelve miles. Here, losing our way, we wan dered thence to Fennam, four or five miles ; whence, over the sands to the Holly Island, is two miles : in this island, there was formerly a fair abbey dedi cated to St. Cuttbert, to the abbot whereof be longed great revenues. In this Holly Island, as they here report, St. Cuttbert inhabited in winter, 31 and in the summer season in the islands of Feme, which you may hence discern, which are reported to breed abundance of fowl. This whole isle, which is seven miles about, though now it is not worth more than 1 00?. a year, besides the warren, which is 40?. per annum, all belongs to my Lord Suffblke:* this church and abbej' ruinated ; only the walls and piUars of it remain, and they are very fair pillars, and resemble Durham. There is another little church now used, and in repair, which stands near to the abbey church, whereunto resort the inhabitants of Fennam, a village placed on the other side the island. Here, touching the sea intermitting her course of flowing on the Sabbath-day, 'twixt 9 and 12, and so, in the afternoon, I have heard much and often, and applied myself to enquire the certainty hereof. I spoke with Capt. Rugg, Captain of the Fort, and with Mr. Joanes, an inhabitant here, an intelligent gentleman, an Oxford : as also I did en quire of our host and our guide, and divers other inhabitants of the isle, who all, una voce, concurred, no man dissenting, in the assertion that there was nothing supernatural therein to be observed : for although they acknowledged it to be most true that * Theophilus, second Earl of Suffolk, son of Catherine, so cele brated for her beauty and unprincipled rapacity. 32 it is always passable over those sands at nine a clock, so as those that live and reside upon the main land may, every Lord's' day, come over those sands to church about that hour ; this is, by those that are popishly affected, superstitiously applied and imputed to the merit and effect of St. Outtber's prayers, whereas, indeed, there is nothing extraordinary therein. They give this natural reason : it always so falls out that at the change and full of the moon, the flood is at the height at or about three o'clock, and then par consequence it is low water, and the sands are dry, at or about nine o'clock ; so as then it is most easy to pass : when it is full sea at three clock, it must needs be low water at nine clock : and when it is no spring-tide, you may ride over the sands (if you be well acquainted with them, as those are that inhabit near, and resort to church there) at full water, and this is not only ordinary upon the Lord's day, but upon all other days of the week. Thus did our guide affirm that it had been ordinary in his practice ; if, therefore, it should so fall out as to be full water upon the Lord's day, at or about nine o'clock (which cannot often happen) yet may it then be passed, because it is low and ebb floods as well, and no otherwise than upon other days of the week. In this island, in a dainty little fort, there fives 33 Captain Rugg, governor of this fort, who is as famous for his generous and free entertainment of strangers, as for his great bottle nose, which is the largest I have seen. This is a dainty little fort, built tower-wise upon the top of a little round hill, which is a rock ; this planted with ordinance ; below, on very top of the hill, a neat flagged and walled court before the door, where are two brass ordinance, the one brought from Cales, and three iron ordinance ; one of them came also thence. There are neat, warm, and convenient rooms in this little fort. Here in this island was brought unto us a young seal, or, as some call it, a sea-calf, which was this morning left upon the sands dry ; they nourish it with milk. It hath an head and eyes like a calf, and hath two fins before like feet, and two behind, which it cannot draw up like fins, whereby also it is enabled to move in a creeping manner, and that slowly, yet constantly and restless ; it hath a navel, and cries. Hence to Barwicke, seven miles, whereof three miles is upon the sand. Junii 25. — -We arrived about five o'clock at Bar wicke, where we passed a very fair, stately bridge over Tweede, consisting of fifteen arches, which was built by king James, and, as it is said, cost £ 1 7,000. This river most infinitely stored with salmon, one hundred or two hundred salmons at one draught ; 34 but much more was reported by our host, which is most incredible, that there were two thousand sal mons taken since Sunday last. This town seated upon the main sea, the Northern Ocean, and seems to be almost environed with the sea. The haven is a most narrow, shallow, barred haven, the worst that I have seen ; it might be made good, a brave and secure haven, whereas now only one little pink of about forty ton belongs unto it, and some few fishing-boats. There being, therefore, no trade in this town, it is a very poor town, many indigent persons and beggars therein. Here were the strongest fortifications I have met with in Eng land, double-walled, and out-works of earth, and the outer wafls like unto Chester walls, and without the inner walls a deep and broad moat well watered; the inner walls of invincible strength, stone wall within, and without lined with earth about twenty yards thick, with bulwarks conveniently placed to guard one another, like unto the Buss,* Bergen, Antwerpe, or Gravelin : these were begun by Queen Mary, finished by Queen Elizabeth, but something in decay: these walls environ the town. A stately, sumptuous, and well-seated house or * Bois Ie Due. 35 castle was here begun by the last Earl of Dunbar, * where the old castle stood ; but his death put an end to that work. Here was a most stately platform propounded and begun ; a fair long gallery joiced, not boarded, wherein is the largest mantle tree I have seen, near five yards long of one piece ; this leaded over, which gives the daintiest prospect to the sea, to the town, to the land, and the river. This, with much lands hereabout, was bestowed upon him by king James, who left all his lands to his daughter and heir, who married the now Earl of Suffolk. This town is seated on the north side of Twede, and is placed upon the sloping of a steep hill. They speak of three hundred and sixty salmons taken at one draught, and ordinarily about eighty, and one hundred, or one hundred and twenty, at one draught. We lodged at the Crown, were well used ; d>d. ordin ary, and 6d. our servants, and great entertainment and good lodging, a respective host and honest reck- * George Hume attended king James from Scotland ; was created Lord Hume of Berwick in England, and Earl of Dunbar in Scot land. He died in 1611, leaving only one child, who married Theo philus, the Earl of Suffolk. ournepings t})rous!) iSort{)umberlanli J ©urfjam anno Mom mMAxx'^i]^ tit ctng enstneS for "Bratorag loater bp Rvt," or aS toe tooulW Sa^, Steam, from tfie Uanger of tirfngfng "mtnti fire fnto tfie tftt^ 38ofoeIs of tfie abet|> : IMPRINTED BY M. A. RICHARDSON, IN GREY STREET, NEWCASTLE. MDCCCXLVI. ONLY 100 COPIES PRINTED. TO JOSEPH LAMB, ESQUIRE, ALDEBMAN OF NEWCASTLE, THIS TEACT IS INSCRIBED. agtcr (JEDtoatD XaUaiD of tse «ritfi of ItonSon ato tffetoher tSfe turious matter tn tSe HarWan IK^g). l)t)ilM;ltj, pagt «ri;rj:u), fietng bolume fa of JSaSer'iS |Wanttjirr^t (lollertionS, ana ii rannot fatT to bt cottnteS baluailc in rria- tton to tj&e Sfetorg of ioal«hJorfi:S, io tt t^ j^ere prmtetr. €Vuot!)c ®. 16. JR. at ftis Dtoel- finge in iBetocagtle, t{)i0 ap2tll, tntj£rt):lbi. 3E ilnstotrs of '^.tnxp Mntiotta ane ^tatp CSapnian '^Itftvmtn ana €oIe- otoner^ tn tit Coiun of ^etota^tcll, to ^i iS)t Snfornratton rj;5S>tteIf to tjbc M{ igon; i^e !tor»S of 5fr JHajties ^v&p Countell, bp ti&e !LB iWator ana aiamncn of tSe Ctttp of Honiion, tontemtng pa tytei&pbt ijftptti of €oleg tnSan«B at Wtintastcfl aforcst* ; an3j atfjcr ^ttSfS tn p" i'o CoXgerji ^xatti^tts, pn ^&x^ ticular^ inti^rof, toiti $« atiSSncrs touetl). Objection. That the prices of Colles ar exces- syvely inhansed at Newcastell. Answeee. To w"" is answered that for the space of these seven yeres last past, a chalder of Coles Newcastell measure hath not ben raysed in price above two shilhngs, w"" is 16'! in a London Chalder. And for farder inhansing of y" excessive prices pro- ceedeth not from Newcastell, but caused by y" Car- iers of y' s" Colles from Newcastell, and other meanes of us unknown. The reasons moving those of Newcastell to raise their former 16* in a Chalder of Colles London mea sure are as followeth. First whereas heretofore Colles have ben carried from certain grounds out of w"" they are had, and wrought for 3'' or 4'^ the Fother the s^ CoUe owners are constrained now for the like cariage in quantitie, and from y" same places, to pay 12"* for every Fother Againe whereas heretofore, the charge of workinge a Pytt wekely did not excede y° some of 40* or fowre markes, now y° charge of y" like worke amount- eth wekely between fowre and fyve pounds, the causes whereof ar thes. First, that the s* Cariers of Colles buy y° Cattell necessarie therunto at a dearer rate then heretofore, that they being for the most parte pore men, taking such growndes as they fede y'^ Cattell on for thes uses inferme of the Gentlemen of y° Country adjoyninge, are now enforced to pay more Rente then heretofore. Againe those pore men who worke y° Colles under y' grounde, having no other meanes to sustain y" necessities of themselves and families, then y' owne laboures, ar nowe compelled to paie 10* for th' grasse of a Cowe, during the Summer Season w"" heretofore they were accostomed to hier for 3'!" 4f the vv"" with the darthe of other victualles is y' cause, they cannot sustain y' lyves, with the allowance of y' form er wages, and so inforced to raise y" same more then heretofore accustomed. Objection. That three or fowre of the richer sorte of y b'^ Coleowners, having a lease of certain Cole Mynes from the B" of Durhame, out of w"'" ther hath ben wrought heretofore and brought to the Cittie of London great quantitie of Colles, w"" the s* Cole owners doe nowe forbear to worlce, usinge onely other Pyttes of y' owne in other places wherof less quantities, and a worser Cole ariseth. Answere. To this is answered, that ther ar not onely three or fewer but above thirty that ar inte rested and parties to y' Lease, w* we think ther is meant : wherof some be wedowes and orphanes and of those some not having more then 144: parte, w"'' they hold not by Lease from the B"" immediatelye, as is alledged, but by demise from the Queue's Maj : and to that w""" is sayed, that they worke lesse quan- titye of Coles in the s* Mynes then hertofore, the contrary therof shaU be sufficiently proved, if your Honors desier therin to be satisfyed. Nor if that surmise wer admitted, wiU it be found any sufficient cause, for y" excessive prices, since the mynes amount not in quantitie to the fifth parte of the Colyerye wrought about NewcasteU. And he that aledged 10 of forbearinge to worke those good Mynes of tho Byshops, and workeinge Pyttes of y' own, wherof a worse sort of Cole ariseth. We answere, that all those other Mynes aboute the Towne of NewcasteU, ar ether had from her Maj :, for w"*" they pay a yere- lye Rente, ether ar of the Inheritance of divers Gen tlemen theraboute inhabiteinge not only enjoyed by the pretended Bushops Farmer's as aforesayd, but used by the sayd Gentlemen and sondrie others to y' most commodity. Objection. That great quantities of y" best Coles are transported to Roue and beyond the Seas, wher- by the prices of Sea Coles grow greater. Answeee. To this is answered, that Strangers as Frenchmen and Duchmen ar loden most commonly of the baser CoUe, then they that ar brought to Lon don, nor is ther ten Shipps in y" yeare of them, w""" ar loden of the best Colles. Objection. That the s" 3 or 4 of the ritcher sorte doe hyer CoUe Waynes that bringe the Colles to the Water from the reste. Answeee. Yt is trewe that sutch as best paie ar soonest served, without regarde of better or worse abiletye. Objection. That greater quantitie of Colles might be wrought then ther ar, for y' spedie dis- patche of those that fetche them. 11 Answeee. To this is answered, that ther ar now for thes last three or fewer yeares more Colles wrought then could be gotten caried to the water, by reason of the unseasonableness of the yeares, the time of such carriage for y' most parte, being onely between Male daye and the Feast of St. MicheU, during y' Summer Season to the great disadvantage of those that worke the s*" Colles. These are the Answers w'" the s" Henry Mytford and Henry Chapman for ourselves and the others Cole owners of Newcastell, humbly present unto your Honors considerations, referring ourselves therin, to y' honorable Table, whether the Lord Maior and Aldermen of the Citie of London have just cause to complain of abuses practised in CoUyerie at Newcas tell as they doe pretende. i^CntP ^ttfOtB, son of Christopher Mltford, mer chant and alderman of Newcastle, «ho was descended of an antient family of Mitford of Seghill, in the county of Northumberland. This Henry was also in his time a respectable merchant of New castle, an alderman, was sheriff in 1582, mayor in 1584, and was the ancestor of the families of Hulam and Pespoole in the Bishop rick. He was buried on the 1 6th and his wife Barbara on the I9th of iVIay, 1596, in the church of S. Nicholas: in his will dated 21 Oct. 1577, he desires burial under his father's stone. This stone however must have been destroyed or lost long ago, for it is not mentioned by any of those who have described the monuments in the church. !^0n?P C^apmarij son of OswaW chapman merchant and alderman, was a distinguished citizen of Newcastle. He was a Merchant Adventurer, alderman, sheriff in 1581, mayor in 1586, 1608, and 1620, and member' of parliament in 1603. He was also Alderman of London, and was one of the Commissioners appointed to treat with Scotland respecting the Union in 1604. The commissioners consisted of the great officers of state, and seve ral noblemen and members of the house of Commons. The Cor poration had an assignment of the grand lease from the crown of l;5 ihe coal mines of ^V'hickham and Gateshead and tho reserved rent was frequently raised : Chajimaii joins in a letter to the lord Trea surer in 1591 stating that "the inhabitants would be disabled to pay unto her Majestic the yearlie fee farme reserved unto her high- nes & unable to mainteine o'' bridge and waulls nowe in great ruine & decaie and also great losse & hinderance unto her Majesties Customes. 1591 George Farnaeie Will Selby H. Anderson Rob. Atkinson Mark Shafto Will Greenwet.l Rogeb Rawe Will Riddell Hen. Chapman He was mayor also, for the remainder of the year 1597, after the death of Ralph Jenison, and signs the following letter to Michael Hickes, Secretary to the Lord Treasurer, " If your long experyen- ced upright carriage had not gyven us hope in our troubles, we would not have ventured to have solicited yoiu: worship in this our greate incombrances, so manie have been heretofore, and yet be the strifes begun and contynued by our busy malcontent enimye Henry Sanderson, that we are become not onlye to others, but especially to ourselves, an insupportable trouble every where, we have been and yet be disgraced as the men who only deserve evill amongst men ; our places, persons, actions in private, our chamber in pub- lique, being made a by-word every where. [We have] sent Mr. John Baxter of our Town Councell and Mr. William Jackson Town [Clerk] to importune your worship, that as much as you can do herein much you would help us in our juste and equal suite for which we shall ever, not only acknowledge ourselves highlie in debted, but thoroughlie bound to render both thanks and dutyfuU respect whatever way we can our hope is built on God and a just 14 cause, together with your worships favour, we truste will not fail us, so hartlie take our leve Your verie loving frends the Mayor Aldermen and Sheriff of Newcastle. Geoege Selbye T. Anderson Adeyan Hedworth." Newcastle 20 Aug. 1597 H. Chapman Wtllm Selby H. Anderson William Riddell G. Faenabie Thomas Lyddell W. Jenison Henry Chapman died on the 17th April, 1623, and his inventory, dated 11 June 1623, shews a total of 14461. 14s. His nephew, Henry Chapman, was also an alderman of Newcas tle, and mayor in 1627. He died in 1632, and was buried in the church of S. Nicholas. — (Mainly derived from Infrn. sir C. Sharp) ^lea0ant ®i0coberp of tfje Coo0ettaae of Collier0. MepvinUH ig pi. ^. Mtc1^avti0on, in i&vtp ^tvttt, ^ebjcaMe. m.ts.cct.yXb, ONLY 100 COPIES PRINTED. TO WALTER CALVERLEY TREVELYAN, OF WALLINGTON, ESQ. THE FOLLOWING PAGES, EEPEINTED AT HIS SUGGESTION, ARE WITH GEEAT RESPECT INSCEIBED. glijtontisemfnt. '^i following pages are reprinted from an extremely scarce and curious tract in the Library of the Society of Antiqua ries, Newcastle, to which it was pre- j| sented some years ago, by Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Esq., of Wallington. The " Pleasant Discovery of the Coosenage of CoUiers," however, is but an appendage to a larger work in black letter, of which, perhaps the only complete copy exists in the British Museum. The general title is as follows : — " A Notable Discovery of Coosnage, now daily practised by sundry lewd persons, caUed Connie-catchers, and Crosse-biters. Plainly laying open those pernitious sleights that bath brought many ignorant men to confusion. Written for the general benefit of all Gentlemen, Citizens, Aprentices, Countrey Farmers and Yeo men, that may happen to fall into the company of such coosening companions. With a delightfuU dis course of the coosnage of CoUiers. Nasciraur pro patria. By R. Greene, Maister of Arts. London. Printed by John Wolfe for T. N. and are to be sold ouer against the great South doore of Paules. 1591." On this volume, our valued friend and correspond ent, E. G. Ballard, Esq., of Islington, makes the fol lowing remarks : " In the earlier part of the work, the author informs us that ' there be requisite effec tually to act the art of cony-catching three several parties : the Setter, the Verser, and the Barnacle.' These he describes as very much resembling our pre sent low Black-legs : recounts the trick of fleecing a country-man at cards, and the sham Attorney and his coney-catching Law, by which the Society is bound together, and the various arts employed to en trap the unwary. He concludes this part with a table of Slang terms, and one of the ' Eight lawes of villanie, leading the high waie to infamie.' He next gives a description of what he caUs ' The art of Cross-biting,' in which a gang of viUains keep women for the purpose of entrapping young men under the character of wives, sisters, nieces, &c., and extort money on pretence of illicit intercourse between the parties. This he describes in a humour ous manner in several curious scenes, in which are depicted the dress, manners, and conversation of the period. The two pieces together form a curious companion to the scenes and characters described by Pierce Egan, Dickens, and others of the like school. Then follows : ' A Pleasant Discovery of the Coosen age of CoUiars.' This, as before stated, though in the Titlepage combined with the two former, is a separate piece, printed in a Roman letter, and without date. Next follows, (attributed by Watt to Greene) ' The Groundworke of coney catch ing ; the manner of their Pedler's- French, and the meanes to understand the same, with the cunning slights of the countefeit Cranke : Therein are handled the practices of the Visiter, the fetches of the Shifter and Rufflar, the Deciets of their Doxies, the devises of Priggers, the names of the base loy- tering Losels, and the meanes of every Blacke Act mans shifts, with the reproofe of all their devellish practices. Done by a Justice of Peace of great authoritie, who hath had the examining of diuers of them.' In this he enters into the subject at large in 2.3 characters, which are evidently drawn from the life. There are two curious wood-cuts, one in the Title and another in the Text. Lastly, is ' Greene's Ghost haunting Cony-catchers, wherein is set downe. The Art of Humouring. The art of carrying stones (i. e. cheating an alehouse keeper) WiU. St. Lift. Ja. Fost. Law. Ned Bro. Catch, and Blacke Robins Kindnesse, with the merry conceits of Dr. Pinch-backe, a notable Makeshift. Ten times more pleasant than any thing yet publish ed of this matter.' This consists of a variety of stories and characters describing the Tricks of Sharpers. Black Letter. Of Greene there is a short Memoir in Chalmers' Univ : Biog : Diet : collected from Biographical ac count by Sir Egerton Bridges, and by Haslewood in Cens. Lit. Vol 8. See also Vols. V & IX. Beloe's Anecdotes. Vol. 2. D'Israeli's Calamities of Authors. He adds a list of his very voluminous works to the number of forty. Greene, though a very curious, was also a very vulgar and licentious writer. M. A. R. Newcastle, June 17, 184.5. A PLEASANT DISCOVERY OF the Coofenage of CoUiers. lltl^OUgi) (courteous Readers) I did not put in amongst the lawes of cosening, the law of legering, which is a deceit that Colliers abuse the common-welth withall, in hauing vnlawfuU sackes, yet take it for a pettie kinde of craft or mysterie, as pre- iudiciall to the poore, as any of the other two : for I omitted diuers other diuelish vices ; as, the nature of the Lift, the Black art, & the Curbing law, which is the Filchers & theeues that come into houses or shops, and lift away any thing ; or pick-locks, or hookers at windowes, although they be as species and branch es to the table before rehearsed. But omitting them, again to our law of legering. Know therefore, that there be inhabiting in and about London, certain caterpillers (coUiers I should say) that doe terme themselues (amongst themselues) by the name of legers, who for that the honorable, the L. Maior of 10 the citie of London, and his officers, look straitly to the measuring of coales, doe (to preuent the execu tion of his iustice) plant themselues in & about the suburbs of London, as Shorditch, White- chappell Southwarke, and such places, and there they haue a house, or yard, that hath a back gate, because it is the more conuenient for their cosening purpose, and the reason is this; the leger, the crafty collier I meane, risetli very earlie in the morning, and either goeth towardes Croyden, Whetstone, Greenwitch, or Romford, and there meteth with cuntrey colliers, who bring coles to serue the markette : there, in a forestalling manner, this leger bargaineth with the countrie Collier for his coales, and payeth for them niiieteene shillings, or twentie at the most, but com monly fifteene and sixteene, and there is in the load 36. sackes : so that they paie for euerie couple about 14 pence. Now hauing bought his coales, euerie sacke containing full foure bushels : he carieth the Country Collier home to his legering place, and there at the backe gate causeth him to vnload, and as they sale, shoote the coales downe. As soone as the cuntrie OoUier hath dispacht and is gone, then the Legier who hath three or four hired men vnder him bringeth forth his owne sackes, which be long & nar- ow, holding at the most not three bushells,' so that they gaine in the change of euerie saoke a bushel for II then- pains. Tush, yet this were somwhat to be borne withall, althogh the gaine & vsurie is mons trous, but this sufiBceth not, for they fil not these sacks ful by far, but put into them some 2. bushels & a halfe, laying in the mouth of the sacke certaine great choice coales, which they call fillers, to make the sack shew faire, although al the rest be smal willow coale, & halfe dros. When they haue thus not filled their sacks, but thrust coales into the, that which they lay vppermost is best filled, for to make the greater shew : then a tall sturdy knaue that is al ragd, & durty on his legs, as thogh he came out of the coutry (for they durtie their hose & shoos vpon purpose to make themselues seem countrie colliers :) Thus with two sacks a pece, they either go out at the back gate, or steale out at the street side, and so go vp and downe the suburbes, and sell theyr coales in summer for 14. & 16. pence a couple, and in win ter for 18. or 20. The poore cookes and other citizens that buy them, thinke they be country col liers that haue left some coals of their load, & would gladly haue monie, supposing (as the Statute is) they bee good and lawfull sackes, are thus coos- ned by the Legers, and haue but two busheUs and a halfe for foure bushels, & yet are extreamly rackt in the price, which is not onely a great hinderance to her Maiesties poor commons, but greatly preiudiciall 12 to the master colliers, that bring true sackes & mea sure out of the cuntrie. Then consider (gentle readers) what a kinde of coosnage these legiers vse, that can make of 30. sackes some 56. which I haue scene with mine eies, for I haue set downe with my pen how many turnes they haue made of a load, and they made 28. turnes, euery turne being two sacks : so that they have gotten an intollerable gains by their false measure. I could not be silent seeing this abuse, but thoght to reueale it for my countries com- moditie, and to giue Ught to the worshipfull lustices, and other her Maiesties officers in Middlesex, Surrey, & els where, to looke to such a grosse coosnage, as contrarie to a direct statute, doth defraud, and im- pouerish her Maisties poore commons. Well may the honorable and worshipfull of London flourish, who carefully looke to the country coales, and if they finde not foure bushels in euerie sacke, do sell them to the poore as forfeit, and distribute the monie to them that haue need, burning the sacke, and honoring or rather dishonoring the pillorie with the colliers durtie faces : & well may the honorable & worshipful of the suburbs liue & prosper, if they looke in iustice to these legers, who deserue more punishment then the statute appoints for them which is whipping at a carts tail, or with fauour the pillorie. For fewell or fiering being a thing necessarie in a 13 comon-welth, and charcole vsed more then any other, the poore, not able to buy by the load, are fain to get in their fire by the sack, and so are greatly cosened by the retaile. Seeing therefore the carefull lawes her Maiesty hath appointed for the wealth of her Commons, and succor of the poore, I would humbly entreat all her Maiesties officers, to look into the Ufe of these legers, and to root them out, that the poor feele not the burden of their inconsoionable gaines. I herd with my eares a poor woman of Shor ditch who had bought coles of a leger, with weping teares coplaine and rayle against him in the street, in her rough eloquence calling him cosening knaue, & saying, tis no maruel villain (quoth she) if men compare you colliers to the deuil, seeing your con sciences are worser than the deuils ; for hee takes none but those soules whom God hates : and you vndoe the poore whom God loues. What is the matter good wife (quoth I) than you vse such inuectiue words against the collier : a collier sir (sath she) hee is a theefe, and a robber of the common people. He tell you sir, I bought of a countrey collier two sacks for thirteen pence, and I bought of this knaue three sacks which cost me two & twentie pence : and sir, when I measured both their sacks, I had more in the two sacks by three pecks, then I had in his three. I would (quoth she) 14 the lustices woulde looke into this abuse, and that my neighbors would ioine with me in a suppUcation, & by God I woulde kneele before the Queene, & en treat that such cosening colliers might not onely be punished with the bare pillerie, (for they haue such black faces, that no man knowes them againe, and so are they carelesse,) but that they might leaue their eares behinde them for a forfet : and if that would not mende them, that Bull with a faire halter might roote them out of the world, that liue in the world by such grosse & dishonest cosenage. The collier hear ing this, went smiling away, because he knew his life was not lookt into, & the woma wept for anger that she had not some one by, that might with iustice re- uenge her quarrel. There be also certaine coUiers that bring coles to London by water in barges, and they be caUed gripers ; to these comes the leger and bargaines with him for his coles, and sels by retayl with the like cosenage of sacks as I rehearsed before But these mad legers (not content with this monstrous gaine) do besides mixe among their other sacks of coles, store of shruffe dust and small cole, to their great aduantage. And for proofe hereof I will recite you a matter of trueth, lately performed by a Cookes wife vpon a cosenins collier. 1.5 How a Cookes wife in London did lately serue a Collier for his cosenage, t chanced this summer that a loade of coles came forth of Kent to Bilingsgate, and a leger bought the, who thinking to deceiue the Citizens, as he did those in the Suburbs, furnisht himself with a couple of sacks, and comes vp S. Mary hill to sel the : a cookes wife bargaind with the collier for his coles, and they agreed vpon fourteen pence for the couple : which done, he caried in the coles, and shot them : and when the wife saw them, and perceiuing there was scarce fine bushels for eight, she cals a little girle to her, and bade her go for the Constable : for thou coosening rogue, quoth shee, (speaking to the collier) I will teach thee how thou shalt cosen me with thy false sacks, whatso euer thou doest to others, and I will haue thee before my L. Mayor, with that she caught a spit in her hand, and swore if he offered to stir, shee would there with broach him : at which worde the collier was amazed, and the feare of the pillerie put him in such a fright, that he said he would goe to his bote, and returne againe to answere whatsouer shee durst ob- iect against him, & for pledge therof (quoth the coll ier) keep my sacks, your mony, and the coles also. 16 ^^^hereupon the woman let him go : but as soon as the collier was out of dores, it was needlesse to bid him run, for down he gets to his bote, & away he thrusts from Billinsgate, and so immediatly went down to Wapping, and neuer after durst returne to the Cookes wife to demaund either mony, sacks, or coales. How a flax wife and her neighbors vsed a coosening Collier. 06) Gentlemen by your leaue, and heare a mery iest : There was in the Suburbs of London, a Flax-wife, that wanted coles, and seeing a leger come by with a couple of sacks, that had before deceiued her in like sorte, cheped, bargaind and bought them, and so went in with her to shoot them in her colehouse. As soone as she saw her coles, she easilie gest there was scarce six bushelles, yet dis sembling the matter, she paid him for the, Sj- bad him bring her two sacks more : the collier went his way, and in the meane time the flax-wife measured the coles, and there was just fiue bushels and a peck. Hereupon she cald in her neighbors, being a com- panie of women that before time had also been pincht in their coles, and shewed them the cosenage, & desired their aide to her in tormenting the colliar, 17 which they promist to perform, and thus it fell out. Se conueyed them into a back room (some xvi. of the) euery one hauing a good cudgell vnder her apron, straight comes the colliar and saith, Mistres, here be your coles : welcome good colliar, quoth she, I pray the follow me into the backside, and shute them in another room. The colliar was content, & went with hir, but as soon as he was in, the good wife lockt the dore, & the colliar seying such a troup of wines in the room, was amaz'd, yet said, God speed you all shrewes, welcome quoth one ioUy Dame, being appointed by them all to giue sentence against him : who so soon as the colliar had shot his sacks, said, sirra colliar, know that we are here all assem bled as a grand lury, to determine of thy villanies, for selling vs false sacks of coles, and know that thou art here indited vpon cosenage, therefore hold up thy hand at the bar, and eyther say, guilty, or not guilty, and by whom thou wilt be tryed, for thou must receiue condign punishment for the same ere thou depart. The colliar who thought they had but iested, smiled & said. Come on, which of you all shall be my ludge. Marry sir, quoth one ioUy dame, that is I, and by God you knaue, you shall find I will pronouce sentence against you seuerely if you be found guUty. Whe the ColUar saw they were in earnest, he said, Come, come, open the dore and let 18 me go, with that five or six wines started vp and feU vpon the CoUiar, and gaue vnto him halfe a score of sound lambeakes with their cudgels, and bad him speak more reuerently to their Principall. The colliar feeling it smart, was afraid, and thought mirth & curtesie would be the best mean to make amendes for his villany, & therfore said he would be tried by the verdict of the smock. Vpon this they panneld a iury, and the flax wife gaue euidence ; and because this vnaccustomed iury requir'd witnes, she measured the coles before the colliers face, vppon which he was found gilty, & she that sat as principal to giue iudgement vpon him, began as followeth. Collier, thou art condemned here by proofe, of flat cosenage, and I am now appointed in conscience to geue sentence against thee, being not only moued thereunto because of this poor woman, but also for the general commodity of my country, and therefore this is my sentence : we haue no pillery for thee, nor cart to whip thee at, but here I do award that thou shalt have as many bastinados as thy bones wil beare, and then to be turned out of dores without sacks or mony. This sentence being pronounced, she rose vp, and gaue no respit of time for th'xecution, but according to the sentence before expressed, al the wome fell vpon him, beating him extremely, among whom he lent some lusty buffets. But might ouer- 19 coms right, and therfore Ne Hercules contra duos. The women so crusht him, that he was not able to lift his hands to his head, & so with a broken pate or two, he was paid, and like iack Drum, faire and orderly thrust out of dores. This was the reward that the CoUiar had, and I pray God all such coUiars be so serued, and that good wiues when they buy such sacks, may giue them such payments, and that the honorable and wor- shipfuU of the land, may look into this gros abuse of CoUiars, aswell for charity sake, as also for the benefit of the poor : and so wishing CoUiars to amend their deceitfuU and disordred dealings herein, I end. FINIS. ijMd'k:Mff^^-' ©rliinance a0 to tf)e pctce0 of Coal0, en{)ancel) bp tfie trouble0 at JSetocastle* IiMPRIMED BY M. A'. RICHARDSON, IN GREY SIKEET, NEWCASTLE. MDCCCXLVI. ONLY 100 COPIKS PKtNTED. TO JOHN CARR, ESQ. OF ROSEWORTH. THIS TRACT IS INSCRIBED BY THE EDITOR. 1 1) is ait toas; maBe to rej(tratit tj&c tntposfltoHS of 'SMiaxUn^tvi, antr €osi\itl\tvi, SbBo appear to Jiabc profited bp calamt'tg, antf bio= lentlg oppres^ctf tit poor bp titix- cjrtorttonaBlc prices, at a time, to^en t^err bmi a great scarci'tp of coal m iLon= Son. Cj&e tfeartj of tiii baluatile mineral coit^ tmuing, He lorKS recommenireB tit commons to Setttf sB^S to procure roal : ebcn tlie gunmaiters petttton for a Supply to carrj? on fteir tratre, b)iiti bp tSfe time Jatr unfortnnatelg Jerome a berg important one. i&p 0ctobtx Jotoebcr ti)t cbtl j&atf not licen renie- aietf, anB inooB faaS BoleB to tJie poor tn^ ¦SteaB of coal, (©ur copg faas procureB from iit balusd&le Ifl&rarg of 3oS« JMoore, esq- of ^unBerlanB. Ciuotf)e a@. 9. E at fjie Dtoel- tinge in jRetocastie, tfjis 3lune, inBrcc]rlbt AN ORDINANCE Of the LORDS and COMMONS Affembled in Parliament. That no Wharfinger, Wood- monger, or other Seller of New-Caftle Coales, within the Cities of London and West- minfter, or the Suburbes thereof, fhall after the making hereof fell any New-Caftle Coales, above the rate of 23s. the Chaldron, and after the firft of Aprill next, above 20s. at the moft. And if any fhall wilfully transgreffe this Ordi nance, they fhall be committed to Prifon, and there continue, untill they fhall conforme themfelves thereunto. And the Lord Maior and Sheriffs of the City of London, aud Middlefex, are hereby required to fee this put in Execution. Die Martis, 21 Feb. 1642. I tRdei'cd by the Lords and Commons Affembled ia Par liament, that this Ordinance be forthwith Printed and Published. John Browne Cler. ParHament. Feb. 23. Printed for lolin Wright in the Old Bailey. 16-J2. -— :T) 1^ "'^<"'^i AN ORDINANCE Of the LORDS and COMMONS Aflembled in Parliament. Die Martis, 2] Februarii, 1642. Ot as much as information hath bin given, that the Woodmongers, Whar- \M fingers, & other Sellers of Newcastle Coale in the Cities of London and Westminster, and the Suburbs of the same, taking advantage of the late Ordinance made by both houses, prohibiting Ships to trade into Newcastle for coales, have raised the prices thereof mito an imreasonable & excessive rate, in respect of the rate they have bought the same at, to the great 10 oppression of the poorer and meaner sorts of people Inhabiting the said Citie and Suburbs, Whereupon the House of Commons, by an Order dated the twenty eight of January, referred the consideration thereof unto the Lord Maior of the City of London, to In- forme himselfe what might bee a reasonable price, having equall respect both to the seller and the buyer, and to present his opinion to the House to be consi dered of by both Houses, and in the mean time Or dered, that the price should not exceed twenty two shillings the Chaldron. Whereupon the Lord Maior, calling to his Assistance the Aldermen of the said Citty, did certifie that twenty two shillings the Chal dron at the Wharfe was a faire and fitting rate. But for the encouragement of those that Trade in Coale, to bring in their Ships of lading into the River of Thames and supply the Market there : Certified that twelve pence more upon the Chaldron during this Winter might be allowed. The Lords and Commons taking the same into their Consideration, doe hereby Ordaine and Order, That no Wharfinger, Woodrnonger, or other seller of Newcastle Coale, within the Cities of London and Westminster, or the Suburbs or Liberties thereof, or within the Borough of Southwarke, shall at any time after the making of this Order and before the first of Aprill next ensuing, sell any Newcastle coale above 11 the rate of twenty three shillings the Chaldron at the Wharfe ; and from and after the said first of Aprill, above the rate of twentie shillings the Chaldron at the most. And the Lord Maior and Sheriffs of the City of London and Middlesex, the Justices of Peace of the Countie of Surrey, respectively in their several! Jurisdictions, or any two of them, are hereby Autho rized and required, to take care for the due Execu tion of this Ordinance, and in case any shall wilfully Transgresse the same, to commit him or them so Transgressing to Prison, untill he shall Conforme himselfe thereunto, provided that any person that shall find himselfe grieved by reason of such Commit ment, may appeale to the Committee of Lords and Commons for advance of Monies, who hereby are Authorized to heare his complaint, and to discharge him of his Imprisonment, if they shall find cause. And it is hereby further Ordeined and Ordered, That no Newcastle Coale, Pit Coale, or Sea-coal shall be transported out of this Kingdome, into any Ports beyond the Seas, without the special! Order of both Houses of Parliament, and the Earle of Warwicke, Admiral! of the Fleet, and all the Captaines and Of&cers thereof, and the Ofiicers of the Custome House, and of all the Ports of the Kingdome, are to have special care to see the same duely observed. 12 And it is Ordered that this Ordinance bee forth with Printed, and the Lord Maior and Sheriffs of the City of London and Middlesex, are to take care that the same bee published in the Cities of London, Westminster, Southwarke, and the Suburbes and Liberties thereof, and the Collectors of the Customes are forthwith to send it to the several! Ports of this Kingdome. SEA-COALE, CHAR-COALE, AND SMALL-COALE: OR BETWEENE A NEW-CASTLE COLLIER, A SMALL-COALE-MAN, AND A COLLIER OF CROYDON. RE-PRINTED BY M. A. RICHARDSON, 44, GREY STREET. MDCCCXLUI. OXLV 100 COPIES PKINTEI). ROBT. WM. BRANDLING, ESQ., LOW GOSEOETH ; CHAIEMAN OP THE COAL TEADE COMMITTEE, THESE PAGES AEE INSCEIBED WITH GEEAT EESPECT, BY THE EDITOR. ADVERTISEMENT. At the time when this pamphlet was printed, coals were sold at an enormous price in London. An ordinance of Parliament (2 Oct. 1643) was issued to supply the poor and others with wood in lieu of Coals, as Newcastle was surprised by the " papal and malignant forces." Brand mentions this pamphlet (vol. ii. p. 285), on the authority of Dr. EUison's MSS. This reprint is from a copy in the Library of Sir C. Sharp — which contains many local gems of the utmost interest and rarity. M. A. R. Newcastle-upon- Tyne, November 24ith, 1843. Sea-coale,Char-coale, AND Small-Coale : OR A DISCOVRSE BETWEENE A New-Caftle Collier, a Small-Coale- Man, and a Collier of Croydon : con cerning the prohibition of trade with New-Castle. And the fearfull Complaint of the poore of the Citie of London^ for the inhancing the price of Sea- Coales. i^i <@j m London., Printed for Hugh Adamjon. Ian. 27. Anno Dom. 1643. C^tP Sea-Coale, Char-Coale and Small-Coale : OR, A Difcourfe between a Nervcaftle-Col- lier, a Smal-Coale-man, and a Collier of Croydon ; concerning the prohibition of trade with Newcaftle. Croydon. Rother Small-Coal, well incoun- tered; wliither are you strag- ling so fast? you keep your old cry up still, and continue it at the old price. Small. Yes truly, brother Char-Coal, though you be my elder brother, and a person of more eminence in your own Countrey of Sussex at the Iron-workes; yet in the City you must give place to me, who am in good request, and so much esteemed in every house there, and the maids cannot be without me, so serviceable I am and necessary. Crod. 'Tis granted, brother Small-Coale, but being a man of such" note as you are in the City ; what newes do you heare there ? for I came up to towne purposely to leame the truth of a flying report which 10 I heard at my house at Croydon, namely, that my old enemy, that Sulphurous Pitchie-fac'd Raskall, Good man Sea-Coale of Neiocastle, was restrained to his own town in the North, & that because he was re bellious and refractory to the decrees of the High Court of Parliament, that aU manner of traffiquo was forbidden betwixt him and the Merchants of the City of London, if it be true, it is the best news for me that I have heard these twenty yeeres. Small. Truly brother Char-Coale, you have heard nothing but what was too sad a truth, as all tho poore in tho City can testifie, who are fearefull they must sit and blow their nailes the rest of this Winter for cold, unlesse some new project (and they you know are all cashier'd by the Parliament) be found out, to make the Bricks and balls of Clay burne, as you know they did not many yeeres since : But stay, this passenger by his habit should be my friend Sea- Coale himselfe, going, I believe, to his house in his owne lane ; I have very good familiarity and acquaintance with him, and if you will promise me on your credit not to breake forth into bitter and unbefitting termes, I will call him to us, and from his owne mouth know the certainty of all the matter ; but you shall sweare not to goe together by the eares with him, he is a very hot fellow, and would goe neere hand to smoake you. 11 Chare. Nay, call him, I shall not be angry, nor insult over his miserie. Small. On that condition I am contented. Friend Sea-Cole, whither away so fast? May not a friend speake a few words with you ? Sea-Coal. Friend Small-Coale, I should willingly doe you any service, but I care not for staying with you as long as that fellow of Croydon, Char-coale is in your company. Small. Nay, all friends, neighbour Sea-coale, all friends, you shall shake hands together, I will venture to give you halfe a pint of Sacke, to reconcile all chfPerences betweene you ; but pray tell, is there no hope for you ? no possibility that your so long con tinued trade with the Citie of London shall be againe in force. Sea-coal. No indeed friend Small-Coale, the Par liament, whose wisdome I dare neither contradict nor question, have decreed it ; my towne of Newcastle is possessed by Malignants, and' tis not fit that any reliefe should by traffique thither be given to those disturbers of the Kingdomes peace and tranquillitie. Char. I did not think that Sea-Coale had been a man of so much temper and discretion, as to beare such an affliction so coolely. Sea-coale. Things must be as they may. Sir, I know you laugh in your sleeve at my misfortune, and 12 hope to come in request by my banishment ; but in faith you are deceived, I am not reduced to so low an ebbe, but I have stocke enough to keepe me alive in the Citie, till by a happy peace I can receive supplies from my owne Countrey ; marry some body shall be sure to pay for it ; for though I vend fewer of my Coales then formerly, yet shall they be at double the usual! rate, and countervaile my losse that way, within this Moneth (would it be some sound frost) I would be at three pounds a chaldron at least ; some of my customers that deal with me by retaile, sell mee two-pence in a bushel! dearer alreadie, and at the wharfs, my prime Chapmen, tho Wood-mongers, begin to put a large value upon mee ; so that an ill wind it is which drives no bodie to profit : I shall be a gainer rather than a loser, bo enriched, and no way impoverished by this prohibi tion of traflique with Newcastle. Small. True, friend Sea-coale, this is granted which you say ; but as your faithful! companion, and one that loves you very well, without offence let mee advertise you : this inhauncing your price alreadie, and the feare that you will daily rise higher and higher, begets no small murmures in the City. First and formost, your Brewers cry out, they cannot make their Ale and Beere so strong as it was wont to be, by reason of the dearnesse and scarcity of 13 fewell, and then all the good fellowes, such as my selfe, that used to tost our noses over a good Sea- coale fire of my kindUng, at an Ale-house, with a pot of nappy Ale, or invincible stale Beere, cry out upon the smalnesse both of the fire and liquor, and curse your avarice, Sea-coale, that occasions these disasters ; for your Bricke-layers and Builders with open throats, exclaime at your scarcity ; the Brickes which were but badly burned before, are now scarce burned at all, no more than if they were onely baked in the Sunne, and are so brittle, they will not hold the laying : Cookes, that noble fraternity of Fleet- Lane, and in general!, through the City, raise their meat at least two-pence in a joynt ; and instead of resting it twise or thrice, according to their ancient custome, sell it now blood-raw, to the great detri ment of the buyer. Finally, Ale-houses raile at your dearenesse abominably, and all the poore people of the populous City, and it's large Suburbs, whose slender fortunes could not lay out so much money together as would lay their provision in for the whole Winter, cry out with many bitter execrations, that they are enforced to pay two or three-pence in a bushel! more then they were wont to doe, and accuse your factors (Sea Coal) as Wharfers, Wood-mon gers, Chandlers, and the like, of too apparent injus tice and covetousnesse, in ingrossing the whole store 14 into their hands, and selhng them at their owne prises, as if there were a dearth of your commodi ties in the City, when it is very well knowne there is provision enough of Sea-coale to serve it plenti fully without supplies from Newcastle for these twen tie moneths and more ; so that if some course be not taken, the people, especially the poorer sort, must undergoe great want. Char. What need they doe so, when they have me and my cousin Billet, and brother Faggot in such plenty, were Sea-coales whole linage burned out, I and my kindred could supply the defects of the City, farre more cleanly and sweetly than this vaporous sooty fac'd Sea-Coale can doe possibly. Sea-Coale. It is impossible but thy malice must break out against mee, thou sparke of iniquity, thou suffocating bastard, begot between a Sussex Iron monger and a Kentish Longtaile ; thou serve the City as well as Sea-Coal ? thou that art burned out like a farthing Candle immediately, one bushel! of mee being worth a load of thee, or an hundred of your cousin Billets and Faggots that you so boast of ; what are they but meere flashes, quickly in and quickly out, whilest I by burning, cake, and grow more useful! in my very cinders, then either thou art at thy perfect estate, or Billet or Faggots can be ; nay, Scotch-Coale and Pit-Coale of all sorts and sizes 15 whatsoever, are not to be valued with me, though they farre excel! thee, as Good-man Small-Coale, though of thy owne kindred and alliance can beare me righteous witness, and darest thou venture to compare thy selfe to me, who have by my meere endevour so inriched all my Merchants, that some of them for their wealth, valour, and worth, have beene thought fit from Coale-men to be exalted to the dignity of Captaine, and what Croydon Collier is there can bo(|t of that honour, tell mee if thou canst, thou cracking shit-fire. Small-Coale. Be not in rage so, good neighbour Sea-coale, but keepe the Kings peace, I charge you, your worth, (though you be not altogether so sweet as my cousin Char-Coale, Billet, or Faggot) is farre to be preferred before them I confesse, both for your usefulnesse, and lasting, but that worth is perverted (neighbour) cheapnesse, and degenerated into vice ; since traflique with Neiocastle was forbidden, you are grownc an Extortioner, sell your ware at so deare a rate, the poore can have little no dealing with you. Char. When it's well knowne, I lieepo my old price, and never grate on my customers. Sea. That error shall be reformed hereafter, that thou shalt not have the least claw against me. Small. Nay, I doe intend, neighbour Sea-coale (which you cannot take ill at my hands) and so does 16 all the poore of the Citie, to petition that a constant rate may be set upon you, and so let us even to the next Ale-house, and drinke two pots to end our Controversie. FINIS. l-l'S' Sfe i«'