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VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM CATALOGUES

DEPARTMENT OF
ENGRAVING, ILLUSTRATION & DESIGN

OLD ENGLISH PATTERN BOOKS
OF THE METAL TRADES
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF THE COLLECTION IN
THE MUSEUM

ILLUSTRATED

ART
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913 V

LONDON
PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'S-
Y STATIONERY OFFICE
1913
Crown Copyright Reserved
V. & A.M. Publn. No. 87. E.I.D. Price Sixpence.

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YALE UNIVERSITY
ART LIBRARY

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Title-Page of Ford, Whitmore and Brunton's Catalogue
of Tools.

M. 104. o., page 35.

VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM CATALOGUES

DEPARTMENT OF
ENGRAVING, ILLUSTRATION &? DESIGN

OLD ENGLISH PATTERN BOOKS
OF THE METAL TRADES

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF THE COLLECTION IN
THE MUSEUM

ILLUSTRATED

LONDON
PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'S
STATIONERY OFFICE
1913
Crown Copyright Reserved
V. & A. M. Publn. No. 87. E.I.D. Price Sixpence.

NOTE

The thanks of the Board are due to the compiler of this
catalogue, Mr. W. A. Young, who very generously undertook
the work for the sake of his personal interest in the subject.
A note on the historical side of the question has been con
tributed by Mr. Edward F. Strange, of the Department of
Engraving, Illustration and Design, who has also seen the
publication through the press.
Victoria and Albert Museum Cecil Smith
October, 1913.

(11)18111 Wt 9260— 939 1000 11/13 E&S A 2 ¦^\'2-r]2^

CONTENTS.

Page

Preface

6

Introduction - - -

9

Catalogue: —

Fittings for Furniture and Upholstery

15

Ironware

26

Horse Furniture, etc.

27

Coffin Fittings

28

Lighting Appliances

29

Fancy Articles

3i

Tools

32

Sheffield Plate

3&

Carvings

38

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Plate
Title-page ... . Frontispiece.
Rapper all Brass ... n.
French handles - - III.
Wro't Rings and Roses, Knobs for Drawers, Picture
Nails - ... IV.
Brass Hinges - V.
Brass Furniture Handles and Ornaments VI.
Brass Drop Handles - ... VII.
Reflecting Commodes Handles, Brass VIII.
Stamped Brass Commode Handles - IX.
Wax Taper Holders, Brass - - - - - X.
Brass Escutcheons - - - XI.
Picture Frame Mouldings - - - XII.
Mirror and Girandoles - - XIII.
Harness and Plated Mounts - XIV.
Spurs, Plated XV.
Lustred Candlesticks - XVI.
Cruet, Sheffield Plate - XVII.
Branched Candlestick, Sheffield Plate XVIII.
Spoons and Fork, Sheffield Plate - XIX.
Cups, Egg-cups, Wine Labels, Funnel, Sheffield Plate XX.
Tea-pot, Biscuit-box, Sugar Bowls and Hot-water Jug,
Sheffield Plate XXI.
Urn, Sheffield Plate - - - XXII.
Cake-basket, Sheffield Plate - XXIII.
Candle-sticks and Caddy-spoon, Sheffield Plate - -XXIV.

PREFACE.

THE Pattern- books described in the following Cata
logue are, in date, distributed over a period of
about 75 years, embracing the last half of the XVIIIth
and the first quarter of the XlXth century. They
illustrate the beginning of what was then a new move
ment in the conditions of the crafts, namely, the growth
of the organised factory as a means of production and
distribution, as compared with the earlier limitation of
these functions to the efforts of individuals.
The issue of engraved patterns goes back at least
to the first part of the XVIth century, and may not
unreasonably be placed even earlier. The Italian and
German goldsmiths of the XVth century produced a
number of engraved designs, which may well have been
intended, in a sense, to advertise their wares, and to
supply other goldsmiths with patterns. Otherwise it
is difficult to understand why, in many cases, they
should have been at the trouble to engrave plates and
multiply impressions — since the original drawings, or
copies of them, would have been sufficient for the
purposes of their own workshops. Of this period, the
engraved ornaments of the Master E.S. of 1466, Martin
Schongauer and Israel van Meckenen may be referred
to as examples. During the XVIth century, this
practice became much more popular. The " Little
Masters " of the Nuremberg School engraved many
designs, both for utensils to be executed by silversmiths,
and for panels of ornament which might be utilised in
various ways ; and the Hopfer family of goldsmiths of
Augsburg etched a large number of their designs. But
there seems to have been no formal publication, in the
modern sense of the word, in any of the cases just
named. In 1549, however, a set of 40 engraved
arabesque ornaments by Peter Flotner of Nuremberg
was issued at Zurich by Rudolff Wyssenbach ; a collec
tion of patterns (wood-cuts), by H. Voghtherr, had
been published at Strassburg ten years earlier; Hans
Brosamer's well-known Kunstbiichlein is of about the
same period ; and, by the middle of the century, the
issue of pattern-books, or published series of patterns

in unbound sets, seems to have become a recognised
custom, at all events, of goldsmiths and some other
craftsmen. The first pattern-book for lace-makers
is that of Jorg Gastel, of Zwickau, 1525 ; and of
lettering, that of Sigismundo dei Fanti, of Ferrara,
printed at Venice in 1514. The earliest of the French
designers of this class was Jacques Androuet du Cerceau,
whose first book of ornaments, " Petites Arabesques,"
was published in 1550. He extended his talents over
almost the whole field of handicraft, and issued
engraved designs 'not only for architecture and archi
tectural ornament, but for goldsmith's work, jewellery,
furniture and locksmiths' work — and even a set of
contemporary costumes.
From this time, until about the end of the XVIIIth
century, many publications of the sort were issued for
the use of craftsmen of every kind. The group devoted
to Furniture, by Chippendale and his followers, is
among the best known. But all of these differ from
the publications now under review, in one important
particular. They were produced by, or on behalf of
craftsmen, for the use of those engaged in the various
industries to which they were related. The Trade
Catalogues, on the other hand, were prepared by or for
manufacturing firms ; and their object was to promote
the sale of the goods illustrated therein, and not to
provide patterns for the use of makers.
None the less, they are of substantial importance
and not a little interest. The issue of them began
before the best traditions of workmanship and design
had commenced to decay.- Those dealing with Sheffield
Plate, for instance, go back nearly to the invention of
that process ; and those relating to furniture fittings
give authority and price for the handles, key-plates,
bolts and hinges to be found on English (and often,
French) Furniture at a time when it still had high
merit. A number of them deal with small ornamental
brass-work of every kind.
As so few of the catalogues can be associated with
the names of manufacturers, it has been found necessary
to allot to each a definite press-mark, which will serve
to identify it for reference. In applications by visitors,
it will be sufficient to quote this press-mark on the
requisition without further description. It may be
observed here, that the Department of Engraving,

Illustration and Design of this Museum, contains a
considerable collection of the earlier patterns referred
to above ; which, together with those forming the
subject of this Catalogue, can be seen by visitors in the
Students' Room of the Department (Room 71) at any
time when the Museum is open, except on Sundays.
E. F. Strange.

INTRODUCTION.

IN these days the publicity expert ranks as one of
the best paid members of a business staff, and
the news section of a daily paper is under some risk
of being swamped by the announcements of adver
tisers. Every sectional trade has its own paper, and
every manufacturer issues catalogues, lists, and circulars
to his customers, whether they are distributors of his
wares or the purchasing public ; so that it is a little
difficult to visualise the conditions under which business
was conducted, when the personal -appeal was practi
cally the sole medium of communication for the intro
duction of new goods.
Letters describing fresh patterns might serve in
some sort, and samples were probably sent in many
cases with such goods as were already on order, with
which, doubtless, a price list would be forwarded in the
hope of getting orders for the new goods at a later
period. Neither descriptive letter nor free sample,
however, would be entirely satisfactory. The former
would often prove inadequate to convey a correct
idea of the articles,, the latter in many instances would
be a too expensive method. As will be presently
shown, the manufacturers made many different patterns,
and quite apart from novelties would want to keep all
of these before their customers. Hence there arose the
necessity for some medium better than those mentioned,
and presently the trade catalogue with drawings of
the articles for sale came into being. Exactly when,
or by whom they were started will probably never be
known. The pages of The Spectator comprised some
trade announcements, for the most part of books and
nostrums and cosmetics. That brings us to the second
decade of the XVIIIth century. The Hanoverian
Succession was followed by a term of years during
which the English manufacturer laid foundations where
upon the men who developed the steam engine and
conceived the factory system reared their structures.
Somewhere in the middle of that century, Thomas
Boulsover, a Sheffield man, discovered a process which
placed at the disposal of the well-to-do middle classes,

10
table appointments equal in appearance to silver and
much less costly than the solid article. Purchasers of
the same class were furnishing their houses in better
style than their forefathers, and the demand for furniture
was reflected in Birmingham, where the brass industry
had been established at the close of the XVIIth century.
About the year 1770, manufacturers had begun to
send drawings of their goods to their customers. At
first these were loose sheets, if one may judge from the
creases in the few plates that have been saved and
passed down to us. Later these sheets were bound
together, and so developed into the catalogue. Other
manufacturers followed suit, and by the dawn of the
XlXth century lists had been prepared to illustrate a
considerable range of English made goods.
The Victoria and Albert Museum at South Kensing
ton is fortunate in the possession of a small collection of
these early catalogues. This is representative in its
way, but it is remarkable that almost to a volume the
wares illustrated belong to some branch of the hardware
trade. With but few exceptions, these catalogues have
no title-pages, possibly because the recipients removed,
as the retailers of the present day often do, the evidences
of their sources of supply. Against that view we may
set the fact that inside the covers of some of the volumes
names and discounts are written. The reference to dis
counts calls for a brief explanation. In the hardware
trade, catalogues are prepared on a basis of prices
commonly known as " list prices," from which a fixed
discount, which may fluctuate from time to time, is
taken, representing broadly the distributor's profit.
Some of the old standard list prices have been in use for
many years. The catalogues reveal the length of time
during which the discount system has been a custom of
the trade.
From an examination of the shapes and sizes, it may
be gathered that uniformity has never been a strong
point with printers of hardware trade literature. Format
has been a vexed question from time out of mind, and
the trade is as far off agreement in 191 3, as to what is
the best size and shape for a catalogue, as were their
predecessors a hundred and thirty years ago. A feature
worth noticing is that most of the old catalogues are
printed in such a way that the width of the page is
greater than its height. All the brassfoundry books in

11
the collection are in that style, and the shape lasted over
a century, being, indeed, generally abandoned by the
Birmingham houses in favour of a smaller shape about
8 in. by 5 in., a' few years ago. These volumes, as the
industry progressed, grew most unwieldy, but the dimen
sions of the most recent editions differed only in thickness
from those of the books collected at South Kensington.
To stand them on a shelf of ordinary width, in their
proper position was practically an impossibility.
It would be a fascinating pursuit, were the way open,
to enquire how and by whom these volumes were pro
duced. It has been suggested that the manufacturers
in some cases employed their own craftsmen to engrave
the plates, which is a possible solution of the problem.
The use of the graving tool, or, at any rate, the chaser,
must have been familiar to the proprietors of the
businesses represented ; indeed, in one book to which
attention will be directed some of these tools are illus
trated. Again the quality of the work, and the
extraordinary attention paid to detail, furnish some
justification for the view that the men who made the
drawings had exceptional knowledge of the wares they
drew. The engraving was done in nearly every case on
copper. The ink and paper have toned together, and
for obvious reasons the plates have neither the brilliancy
nor the clearness of a carefully preserved engraving, yet
withal much of the work is of great merit. The paper
helps a little in some of the volumes to fix a date, while
in others the character of the ornament, or the style
of the costume embodied in the designs, affords some
sort of clue. A book with a water-mark 181 1 must
have, been issued after that date, while the worthy brass-
stamper who sought to catch the French trade with
a commode knob variously depicting, on the centre,
emblems of the Revolution, and a willow drooping
gracefully over the tomb of Louis XVI., certainly brought
out his list later than 1793, when that unhappy monarch
went to his doom.
In the following pages, the catalogues have been
considered in three broadly defined groups : (a) brass-
foundry and Birmingham goods ; (6) ironmongery and
miscellaneous ; and (c) tools and Sheffield goods.
The brassfoundry trade was introduced into Birming
ham somewhere between 1 689-1 702, and grew steadily

12
until 1777, when the first known directory was published.
Unfortunately none of the initials in the catalogues can
be identified. There were, at the date last mentioned,
thirty brassfounders in business in the town, usingbet ween
them every year about 1,000 tons of brass. According to
a document extant, dated August 28, 1780, there were
trade combines even in those days, which regulated prices
much as similar associations do to-day. The said
document, which also contains the names of the principal
firms in the trade at the time, sets forth that :
" At a meeting held this day, at the Swan, in Bull
"Street, we, whose signatures are here annexed, in
"consequence of the late advance in the price of ingot
" brass, find ourselves under the disagreeable necessity
" of advancing the price of brassfoundry goods seven
"and a half per cent.
" Timothy Smith. " Smith, Cocks and
" Samuel Parker. Taylor.
" William Wheel- " Grew and Sheriff.
wright. " John Rotton.
" Thomas Underhill. " Whitworth and Yates.
" John Barker. " Price Pritchit.
" Townshend and " Atkins arid Longmore.
Longmore. " Boole and Barber.
" John Simmons. " William Lowe.
" Richard Webster. " Richard Beach.
" Charles Power. " Thomas Smith."
About the same time and probably as the outcome of
associated action against the " late advance in the price of
ingot brass," "The New Brass and Spelter Company,"
with a capital of £"20,000, was formed for the manufacture
of brass, by the brassfounders themselves, on co-operative
lines. These works were in what is still known as
Brasshouse Passage, near Broad Street, Birmingham.
The manufacture of stamped brass goods as dis
tinguished from brass foundry (cast articles) was begun
in Birmingham in 1769, the process being based upon a
patent taken out in that year by John Pickering, a
London jeweller. It was utilised by Richard Good, of
Birmingham, for raising scales, saucepans, warming-
pans, basins, and kettles. John Marston, a Birmingham
brassfounder, improved upon the methods first adopted,
and in 1777 adapted it to the manufacture of cabinet
goods, furniture fittings, lock furniture, and hat and

13
cloak pins. The process was also used for the manu
facture of coffin furniture, and in this connection refer
ence should be made to catalogues M.ioi. a. and M. 104. e.
The principal makers of stamped goods, in 1783, were
Jones and Barker and Gee and Eginton, who specialised
in "coffin furniture in best white metal silvered on
Britannic metal ; looking-glasses and pictures in gilt
metal or burnished gold frames, bordering, and orna
ments for rooms, in stamped paper or gilt metal."
Sheffield as the centre for tools and cutlery may be
said to have had its beginnings as a corporate pro
ducing centre as far back as 1624, when the Cutlers'
Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament.
Without trying to trace the earlier industry in the
history of Hallamshire, it may be mentioned that with
the two branches indicated was a third, known now, as
in former years, by the generic name " steel toys." Such
articles as corkscrews, button hooks, key rings, nut
crackers, swivels and spring hooks, to mention only a
few items, are "steel toys." The term is probably of
considerable antiquity, as may be seen from an announce
ment from the advertising column of The Spectator,
No. 394, issued 2 June, 171 2.
The famous Original Venetian Straps, neatly
fixed on Boards, now brought to the highest Perfec
tion, so as vastly to exceed all others, and for
polishing and setting Razors, Penknives, Lancets,
&c, are not to be parallel'd, being much more dur
able and smooth, never growing rough by using, but
setting razors, &c.,with greater Fineness and Exact
ness than any other sort possible can. Price is. each.
Also the most excellent Venetian Metal Board of
the same Bigness, for sharping all sorts of Knives
immediately, and without Trouble to Admiration
tho' the Edge be never so thick or notch'd.
Price is. with Directions for both ; are sold only at
Mr. Allcrafts, a Toy-shop, at the Blue- Coat-Boy,
against the Royal-Exchange in Cornhill, Mr. Pais-
ton's a Stationer, at the May-Pole in the Strand, and
at Mr. Cooper's a Toy-shop, the Corner of Charles
Court, Near York Buildings in the Strand.
From wdiich extract from a newspaper two hundred
years old we also learn that printed matter was supplied
with novelties, when instructions for use were necessary
or desirable.

14
With regard to Sheffield Plate, or as it has come to
be known, " Old Sheffield Plate," this was the invention
of Thomas Boulsover in or about 1742 ; who, however,
applied the method chiefly to the production of such
articles as buttons, snuff-boxes, and various kinds of
ornaments. It was Joseph Hancock, at one time Boul
sover 's assistant, who realised the great commercial
possibilities which the process possessed. To him
belongs the credit of having developed in Sheffield a
valuable industry, in which many fortunes were made.
After flourishing for nearly a century, however, it dis
appeared with remarkable suddenness when the cheaper
method of plating by electrical deposition was discovered.
By 1850 only two or three firms were plating in the
old way. Briefly stated, the process of manufacturing
the plate was as follows : — An ingot of copper, 12 inches
long, 6 inches wide, and 1 inch thick, was trimmed
with a file and one surface made perfectly smooth and
clean. Upon this was placed a sheet of silver corre
sponding in length and breadth, and ^ inch in thickness,
its surface having been prepared in a similar manner.
The silver was then gently hammered until every part
came in contact with the copper. Then the two ingots
were tied together with iron wire, to keep them in
position, and placed in a charcoal fire until the mass
became red hot and the silver was just on the point of
flux. At the critical moment, when the two metals had
become united, the mass was withdrawn from the fire
and allowed to cool. The next process was to roll down
the ingot to the gauge suitable for making up, and it is
noteworthy that the sheet could be reduced to any
degree- of thickness without disturbing the relative
proportion of silver to copper. A similar process was
followed in producing plates of copper coated with silver
on both sides, except that a sheet of silver was placed
on the underside as well as the upper side of the ingot.
The story of this lost industry has recently been
most adequately told by Mr. F. Bradbury, a Sheffield
manufacturer, who has devoted a quarter of a century
to the investigation of the subject. The names of two
or three of the firms engaged in the business, whose lists
are reviewed herein, have been furnished by that gentle
man, who was able to identify some of the patterns
illustrated. W. A. Young.

CATALOGUE.

FITTINGS FOR FURNITURE AND UPHOLSTERY.
M. ioi. a.
Marks. — F.A. 228, 273, and a private mark pencilled inside.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 7^- in. by 12 in.,
179 plates, some folding. No date, but a water mark in one
plate, 1814 (?). Bound in stiff mottled boards with leather
back. E. 2325-1910.
Summary of Contents. — Taper holders, .small brassfoundry
for cabinet makers and domestic use, sash fasteners, blind
cord racks, pulleys, latches, drop handles, bed bell pull grips
for rope and ribbon, lock furniture, crank bell fittings, bolts,
brass wood screws, knobs and handles, escutcheons, ball and
claw feet for furniture with and without castors, three
wheel and socket casters, fittings for folding top tables,
" patent " table slides and fasteners, drop drawer handles,
fender footmen, rappers, chimney-piece figures for candles,
candle brackets and sockets, curtain and screen fittings,
stair rods, mouldings and headings, warded trunk locks,
vent pegs, corner clips for boxes, clock-case furniture, slide
flush bolts, mountings for wooden trays and plate warmers,
and hinges in variety.
Comments. — A good all round list particularly strong in
furniture fittings. Some of the engravings are in excellent
taste and would bear reproducing in modern brass foundry.
The shape of the mortice lock furniture on Plate 46 and
some of the drop handles on Plates 101, ioia, ioib, ioic,
are examples worth noting. The door rappers are of ex
ceptional interest, and it is not improbable that a saunter
with a sketch book round the old squares and streets of
Westminster and Belgravia would jdeld a harvest of pictures
of these characteristic rappers, many of them now so thickly
coated with paint as to leave no suggestion of the bronze
and brass of which they are made. There is an index
pasted inside the front cover. The prices are engraved on
the page. See illustration, plate II.
M. ioi. b.
Marks. — A modern monogram or book-plate pasted in the
cover. From the Polovtsoff Collection.

16
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. Various sizes, i3
plates, English ; about 1780. Rebound. E. 3651— 1910,
Summary of Contents.— Commode handles, escutcheons,
sconces for candles, clocks, knockers and furniture fitments
and ornaments.
Comments.— This is, perhaps, one of the oldest volumes in
the collection. It is a scrap-book, in which the engrav
ings, each measuring about 16 in. by 12 in., have been
carefully mounted. At some time or another the plates
have been folded for convenience in storing or transmission,
and it seems unlikely that they were ever bound up as a
book. The designs are all of brass wares, but whether
cast or stamped it would be a little difficult to decide.
The examples of handles for furniture, both stiff and drop,
appear to be drawn full size. The embellishments, of a
somewhat florid character, include masks, lions' heads,
dolphins, and rams' faces. Descriptive numbers are engraved
on the page near the articles, but the prices have been
written in by hand. The last-named do not help much
in arriving at comparative values. Thus, a clock stand,
one of three shown, which, if approximately full-sized must
have been 14 in. or 15 in. high, is priced at 7s. 6d. The
design is marked by the French influence, and is graced
with two delightfully-modelled figures, male and female,
in dresses of the period. There is also a dial, indicating
the presence of, or position for, the clockwork. The most
probable explanation of the low price mentioned is that
here is a set of sheets issued by a firm of brassfounders
to indicate what could be made of their castings. In a
word, the prices quoted were for the parts out of the sand,
the purchasers working up the wares and retailing them.
M. 101. c.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 7J in. by 11 in.
135 plates, some folding. No date. Water mark : Britannia
and a Lion within a fence ; motto Pro Patria, Band & Son ;
also monogram A P B (?) in a circle ; also mark of J.
Whatman (undated) ; and of I. Taylor, about 1785. Original
binding, mottled stiff boards and leather back. E. 2259-1913.
Summary of Contents. — Furniture fittings of every kind and
in other examples.
Comments. — The plates are well executed and in some cases
(e.g., plate 1 15) show a technical treatment of some interest,
which certainly suggests the hand of a chaser of brass rather
than that of a skilled engraver. The latter patterns of drop
handles and furniture ornaments are of unusual richness.
On plate 121, is a representation of the Baptism of Our Lordj
with the motto " Je Jezus despois de Baptizado tirouse im-
mediamente da Agoa," which may indicate a Portuguese (?)
market. Favourite devices are the Eagle and a Bunch of

17
Grapes, as well as the characteristic scroll ornament of the
Chippendale style. Plate 128 gives us the information that
" a compleat Commode sett " consisted of " 6 Handles and
3 Escut"s- to D0-, 1 Frontice piece, 2 Large Ornament pieces and
2 short D°, 2 strips for DV Plates 132-134 are entitled
" French Handles" and are in Louis Seize style ; Plate 135
consists of " Escutcheons to Match French Handles." The
French Furniture in the Victoria and Albert Museum contains
examples very closely approximating to these patterns — a
fact which raises the interesting question as to whether the
furniture fittings of the late Louis Seize style were not, at
all events in part, cast or stamped in England in the rough
and exported to France, where they received that fine finish
which has always been characteristic of French work of the
kind. See illustration, plate III.
M. 101. d.
Marks. — A. and P. written on an index pasted in the cover.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 8£ in. by 13 in.,
180 plates, a good many printed on both sides and a few
folded. No date, but a water mark in some plates, J. Davis,
1829. In original stiff boards, mottled, and leather back
and corners. E. 1827-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Furniture handles and fittings,
door handles, latches in iron and brass, gun-racks and gun-
case fittings, secret -escutcheons, hinges, brass butt hinges,
strap hinges for boxes, rising door hinges, skew joints, fire
screen hinges, spring tray ditto, hollow-jointed butts, French
hinges ; door springs, stair rod eyes, vent pegs, sash lifts,
trunk, coffin and chair nails, saw handle screws, box
corners, desk clips, nails, screws, cup, square and tenter
hooks, cabin door hooks, surplice, acorn and other orna
mental screw hooks; curtain hooks, hat pins (both plate and
screw), hat and coat hooks, chimney hooks (for the fire
implements), castors and trenchers, door porters, bell cranks,
pulls and furniture, fishing rod reels and ferrules, lamp
screws and chain, cow-horn knobs, screw and plate pulleys,
blind roller ends and rack pulleys, curtain rod pulley ends,
sash screws and fasteners, jack cranes in iron and brass,
glass screws and Venetian blind turns, table catches and
slide fasteners, bolts and latches in variety, trunk locks, sash
rollers, "spire" and other screw-end knobs, cupboard turns,
lock knobs, screw rings, flush shutter rings, gun rings, bedpost
ferrules, glass plates, clock ornaments, turn buttons, capitals
and bases for clocks, fender footmen and hangers (the latter
a kind of trivet), cabinet ornaments, tea bells, screen sockets
and clips, wax taper stands, toy cannon, candle brackets,
name plates, rappers, brass boot heels and ventilators. .
Comments. — This catalogue is strong in hinges. The "Rising
Hinge with Steel roler " on plate 37, may well be the begin
ning of self-closing floor hinges. A set of fittings cost
15s. 6d., but a smaller size is priced at us. 6d. Some of
x 18111 B

18
the joint drawings disclose details of construction oi£&&e
siderable mechanical ingenuity. The door sPn2£se prin-
in iron as well as brass, cost from 4s. gd- ^ably OI
cipl'e underlying the design was a coiled ?P"n^'.^'ces " metal
flat steel. The chair nails were supplied in pn .
and " gold colour." Screws constitute an mt^ ?£ an(J
the countersunk pattern was made in tne iu 5- in bv 4.
u 1 ¦ u 1 „ ¦ 5 ,'n bv ^ to 9 in., 4 lu- uy 1
numbers :-* in by 1 to 7 in., ? in. oy 3 * in-> ^ in_ by
to 10 in., 1 in by 6 to 12 in iT in. ^ 7 iq tQ jg in_ Th
8 to 14 in if in. by 9 to ^V^^ited as "iron screws
are quoted at per gross, and are ueat-i
with brass plated heads." There is a line against each run
of sizes not oriced • another grade, 1 inn a i^acq .
or sizes, not pricea , ^ similar heads were supplied
Round head screws of iron witn s>ium<" ±-r
from 2 to 10 inches long. The drawings, which are full
size, show a flat mushroom head, with a corresponding
shallow neck. A trencher is a plate castor, in this case of
iron with brass frames and wheels. " Tulip castors represent
an attempt to apply the acanthus leaf to the socket. The bell
furniture section numbers 47 pages, and is very comprehen
sive. This section discloses the use of a metal link chain as
early as. the date indicated. The lock knobs were fastened
to the spindle by being riveted through the centre of the
grip. The rappers are described as " hatch knockers," and
the crude bolt and nut method of attaching to the door
front, explains in part the popularity of knocker-wrenching
with the " Bucks " of the Regency and later times.
The inclusion of two pages of circular " hit and miss "
ventilators is significant of a growing interest in hygiene.
The largest is 5 in. in diameter. Prices throughout are
written in with ink.
M. 101. e.
Marks. — Livre No. 702. (Written inside cover.)
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. *]\ in. by nf,
67 plates, some folding. No date, no wafer mark. In
original mottled covers with leather back. E. 127-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Hinges in great variety, screw knobs
and handles, iron nails and wood screws with brass heads,
castors, pulleys on plates and screws, axle pulleys for sashes,
blind cord pulley racks, desk quadrants, clock furniture,
Sl«nfeS^T' tray and cistern handles, trunk
S vir£tv I han+dleS1fT Hfting. small cabinet brassfoundry
fitt S « mWhtZlt? i°fcks+with iron keys, bell cranks and
httmgs, night bolts, sash fasteners, and table fitments.
Comments.-A rather commonplace list and not well nrn
duced. Of particular interest .are the castors with bra«
leather bowls, the use of which last-named material m °r
explain why brown earthenware was adopted later f0r ?,a.y
purpose. The use of brass heads for iron wood So
seems unusual. Prices are written in. rews

19
M. ioi. f.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 7^- in. by n£ in.
120 plates, some folding. No date, but may be about 1770.
Water marks : A crown with G.R. under ; a crown with a
lion rampant in a border ; in the folding plates, a fleur de
lys ; an heraldic device ; L.V.G. ; W ; and Amsterdam (?).
In original mottled board with leather back. E. 2324-1910.
Summary of Contents. — Handles, escutcheons, and fittings
for furniture. Details practically as in M. 101. e. A few
items call for special mention : Brass headed nails on square
tapered shanks, (plate 47) " princis " metal nails, tea box
handles, wrought rings and plates for drawers, wrought rings
and roses, picture nails with fancy heads, and brass coffin
rings.
Comments. — The drawing is sketchy except in the case of
some of the folding plates. A feature peculiar to the
handles shown on some of the plates is the method of fixing
with wire staples which form the loop in which the drop
part hangs. This is passed through the plate and- the wooden
front, the ends being then turned back inside the drawer.
Two good examples of this method are on plate 40.
" Princis " metal may have been a special bronze. The
nails, which were sold by number, not dimensions, had
taper pins and ball or mushroom (cup) heads. The wrought
rings and plates are among the best things in the book.
Why they are spoken of as wrought is not clear, but the
word suggests . that they may have been chased with a
graver. The plate had a keyhole in the centre, with an
escutcheon plate to cover it. Plate 105 shows what con
stituted a "compleate commode sett" namely 6 handles,
3 escutcheons, 1 frontice piece, 2 large ornament pieces,
2 short do. and 2 strips. Prices throughout are written in
with ink. See illustrations, plates IV. and V.
M. 101. g.
Mark. — Cd. 418, written inside cover.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 7f in. by 12^ in.
82 plates. No date, but a water mark : Ludlow. 1809. In
original binding stiff mottled boards, leather back. Has an
index printed and pasted inside cover. E. 125-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Small cabinet brassfoundry mainly
as enumerated in M. 101. a. Special features include cast
brass perforated door guards, i.e., finger plates, door plates
for engraved names, cloak pins, and ornaments for the
fronts of furniture.
Comments. — This book is in excellent condition and well
engraved. The contents are less comprehensive than M.
101. a, which it resembles, but its mortice door furniture and
the cloak pin heads are worth attention. Sizes and prices
are written in red ink. B 2

20
M. 102. a.
Marks. — H. and F. Carte 7169.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. 7f in. by io|- in.,
106 plates, some folding. No date. Water marks ; Design
Britannia ; design a helmet (?) and G.R. ; also a fleur de
lys and W. Bound in original mottled stiff boards, and
leather back. E. 1721-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Cabinet brassfoundry mainly as
enumerated in M. 101. a. Drop handles in great variety,
cast furniture handles and mounts in the French style, tea
chest handles, hinges with engraved faces, cloak pins with
cast heads and candle sconces.
Comments. — The drawing in this volume is free and sketchy.
The artist had a marked predilection for masks and profiles,
and favoured pierced or at least perforated designs for the
back plates of his handles. His single candle sconces are
simple ; but some double examples, apparently drawn full-
size, are elaborate. See illustration, plate VI.
M. 102. b.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A brassfounder's catalogue. Various sizes,
average 16 in. by 16 in. 22 sheets mounted on guards in
a scrap book. No date. Water marks: C. & S., and a
fleur de lys. E. 2273-1910.
Summary of Contents. — Similar to M. 101. b.
Comments. — The date of the designs may be about 1780.
The clock stand in M. 101. b. is duplicated with some
variations, but no dial is shown, the price thereof is written
in at 7s. An interesting portrait bust of " John Wilkes, Esq."
is worked into a wreath ornament. Prices are written in
with ink.
M. 102. c.
Marks. — None:
Description.— A brassfounder's catalogue. 8£ in by n in
Paged 1 to 326, printed on both sides of a blue paper and
bound in cloth boards with leather back. Neither' date-
nor water marks ; possibly about 1845. A full index on
white paper. E Io64_Ig02_
Summary of Contents.— Cabinet and builders' brassfoundrv
of quite conventional design and character. The Victorian
style predominates, and among special features are insets
printed on white paper showing shop window fittings cased
tube, picture rods and ends, picture chain and hooks fishing-
rod reels, toy anchors and cannon (the last-named on
folding plates), brass padlocks, cupboard and till locks
some with lever keys.- ''

21
M. 102. d.
Mark. — H. Fils & B. 5,300. See also M. 105. a.
Description. — A catalogue of brassfoundry and stampings.
17 in. by 21 in. 22 plates. No date. Water marks ; a
fleur de lys and J. Holyoake. In original binding, limp
paper with leather back E. 1038-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Commode handles, candle sconces,
furniture ornaments, girandoles, escutcheons.
Comments.— This catalogue is priced in English money, but
below the name-mark is the legend " Rabais 27^ pr ct."
The designs suggest exclusively a French market with the
Louis XVI. feeling in respect of style. There are a good
many profiles and a few masks in the ornaments, but none
help to establish the date. Prices are written in with ink
at per " douz " or " paire."
M. 102. e.
Marks. — " Bock fc*. Birmm." on the index page, and 257
written in the cover.
Description. — A brass stamper's catalogue. 8 in. by 1 \\ in.
89 plates, many folded. No date, nor water marks. In
original mottled boards and leather back. E. 130-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Curtain pins, lamp and fire screen
roses, bell pulls, finger plates or door guards, both stamped
and perhaps pierced, clock case balls, door knobs and roses
for rim and mortice locks, escutcheons, rose commode
knobs, lion claw feet, shutter rings, " cadee " knobs, stamp'd
screw knobs, knob glass screws, knob turnbuckles, cupboard
turns, commode. rings, drop handles, shutter rings, bed caps,
cloak pins, chair ornaments, bell cranks and levers.
Comments. — This volume comprises several hundreds of ex
amples many of them of considerable beauty. The
engraving is excellent and the- impressions brilliant. There
are no indications as to date, but the contents and style
suggest somewhere between 1790 and 1810. A few details
are of special interest. The bed caps, used to cover up
the sunk screws in the wooden posts, were round and oval
discs with a screw lug or eye on the edge. Some of these
had stamped centres set in cast rims. (A "bed cap"
was the device of the 18th century cabinet maker, em
ployed to cover the hole in which the head of the bed
screw was sunk.) Chair ornaments are described as " with
spikes to drive." Every article is numbered, by the engraver,
but prices are written in, as also are the page references in
the index. Bell-pull fittings were gorgeous, round for ropes,
and oval, with a slot in them, for ribbon. The illustrations
" represent the complete article, but the manufacturer is
particular to explain that the " tassell is intended to match
the curtains in color, and not included in the charge."
Commode handles are strongly represented, but the motifs
differ from those shown in other lists. The lion with the
ring through its mouth appears ; the acanthus leaf is

22
effectively utilised, as also are the feathers of Wales, the
Irish harp and the Scotch thistle. The United States of
America is represented by a design incorporating thirteen
stars and the motto E pluribus unum (suggesting a date
between 1777 and 1792). The end folding plates show
crank-bell furniture, some of the patterns being described
as "New ornamental cranks & leavers."
M. 102. f.
Mark. — Maulin and C. Omnia labori cedunt, on the leather
binding of back.
Description. — A brass stampers' catalogue. 6f in. by 10 in.
106 plates. No date. Water marks: J. Holyoake and
"Britannia," also on the folding plates a design: crown
and horn and L.V.G. Stiff boards and leather back, but
has probably been rebound. E. 809-1898.
Summary of Contents. — Practically as M. 102. e. but there
are numerous examples of simple cabinet brass foundry,
glass plates, cup and square hooks, sash fasteners, pulleys,
bolts, castors and the like. At the end are locks, hinges,
table catches and so on.
Comments. — Some of the commode and drop handles would
appear to have been cast brass. The engraver has essayed
the use of the human face and figure in a few of his centres
with considerable success. Other motifs are the eagle, the
urn, the cock, the rose, masonic emblems, Bacchus, the sun
" in its splendour," nuts, shells and so on. Prices are written
in and each item is numbered. The folding plates at the
end comprise candle brackets and candle sticks, and two
clocks of great interest. On both are the Gallic Cock with
Father Time and a Cupid. See illustration, plate VII.
M. 102. g.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A brass stamper's list. 7f in. by 12^- in., 85.
plates. No date. Water mark : Britannia and 1801.
From internal evidence it must have been issued after 1793
and before 1815. In original mottled binding and leather
back. E. 129-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Commode handles, cloak pins,
reflecting commode handles, escutcheons, bed caps, metal
picture and glass frames and metal borders for rooms.
Prices written in.
Comments. — The water-mark fixes 1801 as the near date of
publication, although it should be remembered in this con
nection that paper was not likely to be used so quickly after
making, a hundred years ago as it is to-day. The goods are
stamped brass, and are described in many places as " finished
burnished gold colour." The drawing is excellent, and the
decorations embodied in the designs full of interest. While
the list is English, the goods were evidently meant for con
sumption abroad as well, and the maker had one eye on the
French and American markets. In the then disturbed state

23
of Europe not much manufacturing was in progress there,
and the Americans were too young to have developed their
resources. The war fever working in the mind of the
draughtsman expressed itself in his graver. He literally
revelled in naval and military emblems, and " Honor " and
" Victory " appear in most unlikely places. With a fine
impartiality he flaunts the red cap or depicts Napoleon con
ducting in person a spirited bombardment of a castle while
a troop of cavalry charges wildly up from the background.
The feelings of the Royalist faction were to be appeased
with a weeping willow drooping over the tomb of Louis
XVI. Austria is provided for with the double eagle set in a
variety of commode handles, cloak pins, and bed cups.
The softer side of life is represented by scenes of childhood
after the manner of Greuze and Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Poland is flattered by a portrait of the patriot Thaddeus
Kosciuszko. A portrait of George Washington is another
example of the bid for local markets. See illustration,
plate- VIII.
M. 102. h.
Mark. — Livre 35. R. & Co. 22-§ per cent. (Written in
cover.) Some of the plates signed " W. H.," probably the
engraver's initials.
Description.— A brass stamper's catalogue. 7f in. by 1 if in.,
80 plates, some folded. No date. No water mark, but
from internal evidence about 1780. In original mottled
boards with leather back. E. 3563-1904.
Summary of Contents. — Stamped commode handles, orna
ments for top of same, ring handles, escutcheons, bed screw
covers, watch and tapestry hooks, cloak pins, metal edging
for commodes, frames, curtain rings, and a full range of
small brassfoundry, sash fasteners, handles, hooks, bolts,
bell furniture, castors, hinges and the like.
Comments. — The bed caps in this book are expressly described
as bed screw covers (see M. 102. e.). Some of the centres
for the handles and escutcheon plates appear to have been
enamelled or otherwise finished in colours, one among
several on plate 19 being described as "Yellow Vase on
Blue Gra." Elsewhere the description runs, " Japand Mid
dles sett in Gold Colour'd Rims," the details being set
forth as "Mahogany ground," "Moco," "Tortoise" and
"Green" grounds. The motifs include urns, hunting
scenes, reproductions of busts of ladies in a variety of
styles and headgears, rural scenes, " Rosena " and so forth.
See illustration, plate IX.
M. 102. i.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A brass stamper's catalogue. 8 in. by 12 in.
60 sheets. No date. Water marks : Britannia and J.
Holyoake. In original mottled board but new back.
E. 2063-1912.
Summary of Contents. — Similar to M. 102. a.

24
Comments. — This catalogue is paged i to 118, some of the
sheets being printed on both sides. A commonplace list
without any distinguishing specialities. An attempt to
write in an index has been made at the end. Prices are
written in with ink. See illustration, plate X.
M. 102. j.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A brass stamper's catalogue. 8| in. by 13 in.,
63 plates. Neither date nor water mark. Has probably
been rebound. E. 986-1898.
Summary of Contents.— Practically as M. 101. d. A special
feature is the fine group of hollow balls for caddies and
other small furniture. Bell rings and pulls in great variety,
bed ornaments, cornice pole ends, glass supports, chimney
hooks, curtain bands and plates.
Comments. — Prices are written in with ink. • See illustration,
plate XI.
M. 102. k.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A book of designs for furniture ornaments and
fittings. io|- in. by 15^- in., 32 plates. No date. No
water mark. May be circa 1780. Legends in English.
Has been rebound. E. 616- 191 1.
Summary of Contents. — Mouldings and headings, roses,
ovals and bosses, designs for swags, figures and genre pieces,
faces, sphinxes, masks, and feet, picture frame mouldings,
friezes, mirrors, girandoles, candlesticks, window " Cornish,"
chimney glass, and glass plates with a table of regular sizes,
from 10 in. by 8 in. to 36 in. by 24 in.
Comments. — These designs were probably not intended for
the brassfoundry trade. The details, partly cut away,
written against some of the picture frame mouldings suggest
carved wood or plaster as in M. 105. g. The convex mirror
No. 604 has " Hicks set " engraved beneath it. Some
prices written in with ink. See illustrations, plates XII. and
XIII.
M. 103. a.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A catalogue (incomplete) of stamped brass, &c,
furniture fittings, &c. 8 in. by 12 in. 46 plates, numbered
1 to 75. Watermark : B. & Co., 1837. Unbound. E. 836-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Commode knobs, roses, finger
plates, curtain fittings, picture frame corners, crucifix
(plate 26), ornamental balls for work-boxes, ornaments
with spikes, glass supports, plated furniture, escutcheons,
lamp fittings, clock balls and ornaments, brass snuffer
pans, metal picture frames, and a price list of engraved
brass label dies.

25
Comments. — The patterns in this catalogue are of rather
finer quality than usual and contain several items of
special interest. The workmanship is good, and may be
accounted for by the fact that the firm also undertook
engraving (see above).
!M. 103. b.
Mark. — None*
Description. — A catalogue (with several plates missing) num
bered 1 to 231, of brass and iron furniture and upholstery
fittings. 7f in. by 11J in. 111 plates. Water mark: SL
& Co. 1822. Unbound. E. 882-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Handles, gun rings, escutcheons,
window fittings, castors, hinges, knockers, drawer nobs, &c.
Comments. — An ordinary trade catalogue of the period.
JM. 103. c. ,
Mark. — None,
Description. — A catalogue (incomplete) of brass furniture and
upholstery fittings. 7f in. by i2j in. 138 plates, numbered
partly in writing and partly engraved. With index. Water
mark: 1824. Unbound. E 698-1899.
Summary of Contents.— Hooks, jacks, knobs, latches, levers,
locks, nails, nossels and pans, nossels and sockets, ornaments,
pendants, pins, plates, pulls, pulleys, quadrants, rappers,
rings, rolers (sic), roses, sconces, screws, springs, staples,
stops, turns, vent plugs.
Comments. — An ordinary trade catalogue of the- period.
M. 103. d.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A catalogue of brass bedsteads. 8 in. by 12 J in.
36 plates. Water mark ; T. 1838. Unbound. E. 993-1899.
Summary of Contents. ^Patent brass bedsteads, stump bed
steads, cots and swing cots.
Comments. — An interesting set of early patterns for brass
bedsteads.
M. 103. e.
Marks.— None.
Description. — A catalogue of brass taps, nf in. by 8 in.
9 plates. Watermark: J. Lloyd, 1816. Unbound. E. 1029-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Wine, beer and spirit taps, patent
cocks, bottling cocks, water cocks, stop cocks, washers and
valves.
Comments. — The taps, etc., are all engraved with the names
,:¦ of the special purposes for which they were designed.

26
M. 103. f.
Mark. — B W surmounted with a crown (on plate 23).
Description. — Portion of a brassfounder's catalogue. 24 sheets,.
unbound, igf in. by 14 in., and 7 in. by io|- in.-, from the
same book. Water marks : H S IV., a fleur-de-lys, a shield,
etc.
Summary of Contents.— Candelabra for girandoles, handles,.
Tea-box handles, glass-bearers, escutcheons.
Comments. — An incomplete series of leaves from a book that
must have numbered more than no plates. The work is
very good, and dates probably from about 1 770-1 780.
M. 103. g.
Miscellaneous. — 52 cuttings of brass furniture fittings. Vari
ous sizes. " 29741a etc., 29365 etc.
IRONWARE.
M. 104. a.
Mark.— On the fly-leaf "Book 485, nett money," "In order
from this book please mention the number of it."
Description. — An ironfounder's catalogue. 7 in. by nf in.,.
43 plates and 1 sheet of MSS. No date, but several water
marks, one reading Evans and Sons, 1810. In original
binding, mottled boards and parchment back. E. 124-1896..
Summary of Contents. — Cast iron hollow-ware, saucepans,,
boilers, kettles, butts and other hinges, sash rollers, cowhorn.
knobs, axle pulleys, stubs and plates, latches, catches and
keeps, Norfolk latches, box handles, castors, bolts, sailor's.
palms, door knockers, and cast iron nails.
Comments. — This would appear to be for a factors' list, as-
the sheet of MSS. pasted on the fly-leaf relates to wares not.
included in the printed portion. The sheet is written upon
both sides, and the prices are for locks and hinges. The
recipient is reminded, in red ink, that " the prices fluctuate
very much," while a note, also in red ink, at the foot of the
second page runs thus.:
The prices of wrought Iron hinges fluctuates so very much
that a regular list cannot be sent at present, and the
prices of Pewter plates and dishes fluctuates sometimes
4 times per annum and sometimes more frequently.
The hollow-ware is of a class still familiar, though less
used than formerly, owing to the invasion of enamelled
sheet steel pots and pans. It is interesting to note that,
with the Canadian latch, a pattern now freely sold in this
country, makers have got back to the cast-iron thumb latch
of 1810. It has been suggested that the cow horn knobs,
which are no longer used, were a relic of the days when
oxen were regularly employed for ploughing two abreast.
The last page relates to cast nails, lath, wall, plain and
headed bills and flooring brads being mentioned. The
brads named were sold by the " penny " count, 6d. measur
ing 2f in., 8d. 2f in., and 2od 3! in. long. With a few
exceptions in the case of weights below 16 oz. to the M.
the price was 22s. per cwt. Prices written in with ink.

27 .
HORSE FURNITURE, &e.
M. 104. b.
Mark— T. M. & Co.
Description. — A catalogue of harness and saddler's iron
mongery and sundries. 10 in. by 15^- in., 90 plates. No
date, but various water marks, one 1800 (?). In original
mottled boards and leather. E. 1 265-1 898.
Summary of Contents. — As indicated above and hereinafter.
Also riding and driving bits, stirrups and spurs.
Comments. — This catalogue was acquired by the Museum
by purchase from Naples. It is bound in mottled covers,
and is endorsed inside the cover in ink :
T. M. & Co. Carta No. 3322.
Questo libro e d'un excellente fabbricante M. & Co.
Two things seem clear from this, first that T. M. & Co.,
were the initials of the English house ; and second that a
pretty big edition was published, for No. 3322 would hardly
refer to the recipient's library of trade catalogues. The
costumes help to fix the period as Georgian. There are a
dozen or so engravings of horses, not well drawn, but full
of vigour and action. One or two carriages are out-lined
to show what constituted a suite of fittings, the cost of
which, plated, ranged round gl. and ioi. Harness mounts,
buckles, egg-shaped springs threaded on bolts between
plates, pole ends (guarde d'efnen), axle caps, and coach
ironwork are comprehensively dealt with. Harness was
"38s. plated all over," or "21s. with the sides left for
covering with leather." Buckles, if sent with " the ends of
the Tongs plated," were is. per dpzen over the prices.
"Terretts " were supplied with several kinds of sockets, and
with blinker roses could be fitted with armorial crests. The
leather work for saddles and bridles is capitally rendered,
and shows that heavy ornamentation with metal was
fashionable. On one plate the engraver drops English and
Italian and breaks out in French — " Toute la Garniture
pourra se faire semblable." See illustration, plate XIV.
M. 104. c.
Mark. None.
Description. — A catalogue of harness, saddlers' ironmongery,
and riding and driving bits, plated or tinned. i6| in. by
10 J- in., 58 plates. Neither date nor watermark. In original
mottled boards and leather back. E. 3961-1905.
Summary of Contents.^As indicated.
Comments. — This catalogue is somewhat similar to M. 104 b.
and comprises about 400 items. The descriptions are in some
cases in English, in others French, evidence that the book
was for the Anglo-French trade. Except for a pen-and-ink
sketch pasted in the back, and representing a groom and
two horses, it does not call for special mention.

28
M. 104. d.
Mark. — A written record in the cover : Book No. 290.
Description. — A catalogue of spurs. g£ in. by 8 in., 7 folding
plates measuring 8 in. by 12 in. over the engraved ¦ surface.
No date except in water mark, a design embodying a horn
with " B " under, below that " G.R." and at the bottom,
1795. Bound in original mottled cover. E. 128 — 1896.
Summary of Contents. — Spurs and buckles. Also rowels.
Comments. — The articles are numbered, and prices per pair
have been added in red ink. One pattern is marked with
the figure of a fox and the words " Tally Ho ! ", and another
has the word " Blue " engraved on the rowel guard ; possibly
this was a blued steel fitting sprung over the star. A
variety of devices for encasing the rowels is shown in the
last three plates. The spurs were possibly silvered by the
close plating process described by Mr. F. Bradbury in
"Old Sheffield Plate." See illustration, plate XV.
COFFIN FITTINGS.
M. 104. e.
Marks. — Tuesby and Cooper's Coffin -Furniture , and Iron
mongery .Warehouse, No. 221, Borough ; London, on an
oval label in a border, stuck on the cover.
Description. — A catalogue of coffin furniture, iof in. by
7|- in., 15 folding plates of various size. No date unless we
may accept as evidence " 1783 " set out on the first sheet.
Water marks : Britannia in the single folders ; a design with
a crown and fleur de lys in the larger sheets. Bound in
original mottled covers with leather back. E. 997-1902.
Summary of Contents. — Coffin furniture, plates, handles,
ornaments and sundries.
Comments. — Tuesby and Cooper were probably wholesale
ironmongers, and may have been manufacturers of the
goods shown in the catalogue as it was a London trade.
The wares were almost certainly stamped tinplate or
perhaps black iron. There is written at the back of the
first plate : " Sets of Coffin furniture Silver'd will be
" 6d per Set advance— Handles Silver'd from 1/— to 2/— p.
" dz. pair." Prices are written in in every case. The draw
ings are conventional and poorly executed. There is one
quaint exception to the coffin sets in the shape of " Jappan
" Labels with plated frames and chains, dz. 5s. nett."
M. 104. f.
Marks. — J. A. written inside cover.
.Description. — Coffin furniture. 8 in. by 6\ in., 39 plates. No
date, but figures arranged on .one plate to read "1826."
No water mark. In original mottled cover and leather
back. E. 3096-19 10.
Summary of Contents.— Coffin plates, handles, ornaments,
and sundries. Two tables of charges for engraving.

20
Comments. — The whole work and get-up was executed in
better style than M. 104. e. and many of the 200 designs,
which are carefully dimensioned, are quite presentable,
being curiously suggestive of the work done by Blake,
whose death in 1828 was, perhaps, a year or two anterior
to the publication of this volume. In addition to the usual
styles, plates in brass and Britannia metal are quoted.
Some of the sheets at the end are printed upon both sides.
Prices throughout are written in spaces provided, except
where engraved with the numbers.

LIGHTING APPLIANCES.
M. 104. g.
Mark. — J. A. Glick pencilled in cover.
Description. — A catalogue of lighting appliances. i2f in. by
9I in., 44 plates. No date, but two water marks : Harris
Bros. 1810. — I.H. (script) 1811. Bound in blue stiff boards,
with leather back. E. 660-1901.
Summary of Contents. — Lustre candelabras and. oil lamps
for suspending from ceiling, Grecian hanging oil lamps,
Etruscan lamps, examples hung from brackets, lamps for
hanging and sideboard with air burners, candle shades, com
bined inkstands and candlesticks, table lamps, hand lamps
and chamber candlesticks, candlesticks with one or two
sockets, and with and without glass lustre drops, lamp
chains, balance balls, glazed lanterns for halls and outside
use, cabin and stand lamps for oil or candles, candle brac
kets for mirrors and. pier glasses, standards and branches
for furniture with screw attachments, " nossels and pans,"
i.e., sockets and candle rings, union sockets and mounts
' in variety, hand lamps and lamps for candlesticks.
Comments. — An interesting list though singularly destitute
of designs likely to lend themselves to modern methods.
The air burner is not very clearly drawn, but appears to
have been a wick holder perforated with slots to supply-
air close to the burning oil, which must have been colza
or some equally heavy vegetable oil. The material used
in the production of the wares is not specifically stated but
was probably brass, as there are numerous references to
finishes, such terms as " bronz'd " and " lacker'd," being
engraved against the parts. The lustre drop is described
as an " icicle." Dimensions are freely given and in some
places the prices have been written in. The quality of the
wares in every case appears to have been first class.
M. 104. h.
Mark. — Faraday & Son, 114, Wardour Street, Soho (pencilled
inside cover).
Description.— A gas fittings catalogue. 7f in. by 12^ in., 52
plates. No date, but a water mark, J. Rump, 1836. In
original binding, mottled boards, leather back. E. 1102-1902.

30
Summary of Contents. — Gas burners, cocks, swing joints,
Argand and other burners, gas brackets, pillars, pulpit
fittings, pendants, chandeliers, gas fitters' tools and pipe
hooks. Brass " barr " cocks, " in fine brass for Spirit and
Beer Machines," beer cocks with loose keys and plugs.
Comments. — A firm bearing a similar style and name still
carries on business in the street named. The illustration of
the Argand burner recalls. the fact that gas was adopted
for lighting in 1812. The pattern is still employed to
a limited extent. There are a few examples of glass
chimneys which were always " charg'd extra" in this
book. A curious example is a combined fitting of brass
and glass. On a pedestal a small cherub is blowing a
horn. He is under a glass cylindrical shade, which is
surmounted with a brass socket, presumably to take the
burner. The gas apparently issued through the trumpet
or horn into the glass container and was burned at the
jet, being controlled by a cock not shown in the illustra
tion. Plate 28 establishes the fact that the universal cup
and ball joint had been invented in or before 1836.
Plate 40 represents an early form- of the now discarded
water-slide fitting. Although not specifically stated, it is
fairly evident that nearly all the wares were cast brass,
but there is a single example of a 24 in. " Cast Iron
Bracket Bronzed." There are some dimensions, but no
prices in this volume.
M. 104. i.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A lampmaker's catalogue. i2|- in. by 10 in.,
145 plates, 2 double. Neither date nor water mark. In
original boards and leather back. E. 1222-1899.
Summary of Contents. — Lamp chain, balance balls, chamber
lamps, hall, ship, and cabin lamps, lanterns, bracket lamps,
telescopic and shaded table lamps, hanging lamps with two
and more burners, candelabras up to 12 lights, chandeliers,
Palmer's candle lamps, cog-wheel lamps, pillar lampstands,
founts for same, pillar candelabras with ornaments to fit
"nozels," socket lamps for candelabras and candlesticks,
ships' lamps, japanned wall lamps, hand lanterns with wire
gauze filled openings, dark lanterns, japanned oil hand
lamps, do., with hinged extinguishers, clocks, egg-timers,
thermometers, barometers, card racks, letter weights, tea
bells, inkstands, and ink-pots, wax taper stands, vases, and
a letter balance.
Comments. — -The engraving and designs throughout are in
excellent taste, and the printing is on a tinted ground. The
lamps are for a vegetable oil, the reservoirs in many
examples being above the burner, devices being shown for
regulating the flow of oil. Glass ware is shown, but
invariably "charged separately." Many of the examples
have the height indicated. The lustre drop was in vogue
when this list was issued. A reference to Palmer in the

31
case of some of the patterns recalls the fact that a firm of
that name, and in a similar way of business, has been
settled in Clerkenwell for a great many years, and may
have succeeded the party indicated. Some details are
furnished about finishes in bronze and lacquer. Prices are
written in with ink. FANCY ARTICLES.
M. 104. j.
Mark. M. & P.G. (see also below).
Description.— A catalogue of useful and fancy articles in
bronze and ormolu. 10 in. by 13 in., 70 plates. Neither
date nor water mark. In original grey boards with leather
back. E. 916-1898.
Summary of Contents. — Inkstands, candlesticks, vases,
bottles in metal supports, thermometers, wax boxes, and the
like as indicated below.
Comments. — On the front is a label : Lustre, Candelabras,
Lamps, Inkstands, Flower vases, Paper Weights in Bronze
or Or-Molu.
This list, of 70 plates, was printed by E. Lucas, 70
Mount Street, Birmingham. It is endorsed inside " M. &
P. G, 1 104, 10 per cent.," and "Book 307." The engra
ving is decidedly good, dimensions are furnished in some
cases, but all the prices are written in ink. It opens
with inkstands drawn about half size, as far as can be
judged. As -affording some idea of values, No. 299, a
two-well stand about 14-in. long, with a portrait bust of
Shakespeare, is priced as 33s. gd. Some of the simpler
patterns were supplied in as many as ten sizes. The
inkwells were glass, probably of excellent quality, for the
lustre had come into vogue when this book was pub
lished. Candlesticks were priced with and without drops,
and thereby we get some idea of the cost of these orna
ments. No. 1350, candlesticks 12^ in. high on a square
base, are priced " 55s. pr. with glass, 34s. without." A
•guinea paid for eight drops on each candlestick, 32 glass
pieces in all. The finishes of the goods in the case of a
pair of vases for flowers are specified as " Lac. gd., rich
gold coir., also bronz." Candle lamps about 12 in. or 14
in. high, with, as far as can be ascertained, a spring in
the column and a metal shade, cost from 12s. 6d. to 20s.,
according to design. Cruet frames for single bottles were
.also made in bronze ; with a glass bottle and stopper they
cost from 10s. to 14s., but the frame could be purchased alone
at 2s. gd. upwards. Chamber candlesticks, also in " Bronz,"
were made in plenty of styles, mostly ornamented, and cost
from 5s. iod. to 10s. 6d. per pair, or, " if with bronzed
•snuffers, 2s. 6d. pr. extra." Other articles of interest to
collectors are card-racks, watchstands, taper candlesticks,
wax-ball taper-holders to represent little urns and mugs,
•squill vases, and even egg-timers, which last cost gs. per
dozen. Prices in all cases are written in with ink. See
..illustration, plate XVI.

32
TOOLS.
M. 104. k.
Marks. — None.
Description. — A catalogue of edge tools. 9! in. by 14! in.,,
32 plates, 1 torn. Neither date nor water mark. In original
brown paper cover. E. 125-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Chisels, gouges, plane irons, " plow
bitts," augers, bung borers, coopers' tools, mincing and
cheese knives, hatchets, choppers and cleavers, axes, adzes,
plantation tools and pruners, bill hooks, shipwrights'
caulking tools and scrapers, bricklayers' trowels, lath
hammers, garden and field hoes, braces and bits, spoke-
shaves, marking gauges, squares, mitre squares, (bevels),.
cross cut, circular and hand saws and sheep shears.
Comments. — Although there is no date, this list probably is
an early ninteenth-century publication. It covers edge
tools exclusively and comprehensively, and a careful exami
nation of the illustrations discloses the fact that much that
was good a hundred years ago remains good to-day. There
are changes in detail, but they are not so great as might
be expected. The importance of British trade with the
West Indies and the southern States of the United States
of America is shown by the names of a good many of the
tools. Cotton pruners and matchetts are examples, one of
the latter being marked with G.R. and a crown, while
another has seven stars, a crescent moon, and a sun
stamped on the blade. As nowadays, axes were made to'
suit local demands and the whims of workmen. Of these
tools alone there are shown patterns respectively named
Kent, Suffolk, Yorkshire, and Scotch, while the following
list indicates some only of the trades for which Sheffield
catered: wheeler's, falling, blocking, ice, ship's, ship's car
penter, hedge, coachmaker's, joiner's, butcher's, and bench.
The geographical description persists in the case of other
tools : Edinburgh bricklayers wanted a wide trowel, the
Devonshire model was nearly diamond shape, while a
pattern labelled "London" has rounded sides. Or take
hoes, which were all made with socket eyes welded close
to the blade. There are two " West India " sorts with
the blade — if the sketch is full size — 1-| in. wide bv 2X in.
deep, whereas on the mainland (Virginia) the dimensions"
of a plantation hoe were 4f in. wide by 3! in. high.
Other names in this connection are Carolina, Demerara"
Barbados, and Brazil. The Dutch hoe had a curved blade!
No prices are quoted.
M. 104. 1.
Marks.— Cutler & Co., Sheffield. (Name of issuing firm)
Mark in cover. Book 87.
Description.— A catalogue of edge tools. 9 in. by 14! iD.
56 plates, some folding. In original mottled paper cover
with cloth back. No date. No water mark. E. 121-1896.

33
Summary of Contents. — As M. 104 k. and in addition gravers,
tools for skinners, tanners and weavers, book binders'
knives, garden tools, picks and mattocks, hammers for
carpenters, shoemakers and saddlers, tailors' shears, shears
and snips for metal, draughtsmen's tools, planes and
ploughs, metal turning tools and chasers, hand pads, chests
of tools, files and rasps, shovels and spades and nails.
Comments. — This appears to be another edition, probably
later, of M. 104. k., at any rate the author has had access
to the earlier plates. It is of peculiar interest, because on
the backs of some of the plates is a sticker bearing the
name of Cutler & Co. (late Furness, Cutler & Stacey),
Castle Hill, Sheffield. The text serves to warn all and
sundry that : —
It is well-known that a great proportion of TOOLS are manu
factured ONLY TO SELL ; and an
INFALLIBLE TRUTH
That those are the cheapest which do most work.
The ultimate issue of this sort of thing is the moral : Buy Cutlers
& Co., and remember — ,
None are genuine unless stamped — WELDON.
The additional plates relate to tools for engravers and
mezzotinters, skinners and tanners, weavers, and book
binders. Garden tools are also adequately represented. It
is worth remarking, because it proves how carefully the
plates were kept for use for succeeding editions, that a
blank half page in M. 104. k. has been utilised in this issue
for a few examples of pickaxes and mattocks. Later labels
pasted on the pages give some idea of the appearance of
Castle Hill Works, and show Hiram Cutler at this period
in business solely on his own account, and advertising fresh
trade-marks. In all these the trade-mark embodies a cross
and the letter " F," which suggests that Furness was the
real founder of the business.
Hiram Cutler also sold or made nails ; and illustrates
joiners' sprigs, floor stubs, shoe bills, slender bills, box and
trunk nails, tacks, bed nails, clog nails, glazier's sprigs,
chair springs, shoe hobs, and slater's lath nails. The
interesting details are the slender points, and in the case
of joiner's sprigs over f in. long, and the lath nails, the
"spatulate" flattened ends. None of the other goods are
priced.
M. 104. m.
Marks. — No name but inside cover " Livre No. 70."
Description. — A toolmaker's catalogue. 7-f in. by n-| in.,
28 plates, some folding, and two pages (folded) of text. No
date, but a water mark 1798. Original mottled and leather
binding. _ E. 126-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Garden tools, pad tools (sets of tools
with a handle common to all) bits, rimers, braces and bits
for same, triangle stands or cats, tuning forks, steel toys,
corkscrews, nut crackers, button hooks, dog couples, key
swivels, pliers, nail nippers, bed keys, compasses, hand-
x 18111 C

34
vices, turn-screws, prickers, toast forks, brass pastry cook's
jiggers and tweezers, skates, pincers, pipes, sugar nippers,
saw sets, fire steels, curling tongs and goffering irons,
saddler's tools, steak tongs, boot hooks, cheese tasters,
hammers, Italian irons, gun implements, spectacle cases,
gun chargers, ladies'- netting vices, punches for saddlers
and corkscrews.
Comments. — This volume contains more descriptive text than
all the rest put together, though the notes are confined to
" Gentlemen's Garden Chests of Tools " and boxes of tools
for amateurs. The descriptions are in English. In order
to get the set packed snugly in the chest, the handle for the
fork (it was little better than a toast-fork), rake, hoe, and
other tools was made interchangeable and in three parts.
Apart from tools, we have the class of goods known to
the trade as "steel toys." Naturally there is no longer
an)' demand for a good many of the articles enumerated —
for example, spinet hammers, used for tuning the musical
instrument of our great -grandmothers — while the recreation
of the other sex is suggested by a number of tobacco
stoppers. Another almost forgotten form of domestic
utensil is the fruit tongs, although a modification in the
shape of the " lazy coal tongs " has come down to us. An
interesting example of this class of manufacture is the table
cat, which consisted of a round ball with six arms standing
out from it, so contrived that any three served as a foot,
while the rest supported the hot dishes. From another page
some idea can be gathered of the kind of skates that were
used ioo years ago. They had wooden boards with a
'• runner " blade made in the approved way, but notched
down at the heel to allow the screw to pass through it.
Only two strapholes were cut and buyers had the option of
plain " Suited " or hollow ground finishes. That manu
facturers were as keenly alive to the necessity of getting
business with novelties is shown by the inclusion among
the designs of a steel tobacco pipe made with two extension
tubes with screwed ends, so that three parts made a " church
warden " of the metal indicated. Sugar cutters remind us
of the time when sugar was made in shaped moulds and
brought from the West Indies in paper covers. The sugar
loaf used to add appreciably to the decorative effect of the
grocer's window. Spectacle-cases was another line, cheese-
tasters might have been mentioned after the reference to the
grocer's shop, while more curious than any other item were
walking rods made in three parts with brass joints con
necting the sections. Prices in red ink.
M. 104. n.
Mark.— Ross & Co. (Written inside the cover.)
Description.— A catalogue of tools and steel toys. 7^ in. by
i2| in., 27 plates, some folding. No date, but several
water marks, one a design of a horn with 1797 below it;
also the name J. Corbett. In original mottled cover and
leather back. E. 10-1898.

35
Summary of Contents. — Nut crackers, button hooks, dog
couples, huntsman's swivels, saw sets, pliers, hand vices,
pinking iron, bed wrenchers (sic), bodkins, tweezers, toast
forks, key swivels, skates, carpenter's tools, garden tool
sets, sadler's tools, hammers, compasses, sugar cutters and
the like.
Comments. — This catalogue is singularly like M. 104. m. (q.v.)
but the numbers are different, and as will be seen some
different articles are illustrated. It is particularly inter
esting because there is what appears to be a private discount
mark on the front cover (Lr/x), and, throughout, prices are
written in against the illustrations, in a private mark, the
cyphers being represented by letters. Thus on one plate it
is recorded that " A compleat sett of Sadler's Tools ax/x.
Do., if in a Oak Chest t/s/x/x." A Matthew Ross, a tool
forger, was in business in Church Street, Birmingham, in
1770, and others of that name are to be traced in 1808,
when Ross & Co. traded in steel toys in the same city.
There were tool makers. of the same name in other parts of
Birmingham about this time, which fact suggests that
Matthew Ross had sons who followed his trade.
M. 104. o.
Mark. — Ford, Whitmore and Brunton. No. 27, Charles Street,
Birmingham.
Description. — A catalogue of tools for the gold and silver
smiths' trades. g-§ in. by 7-5 in., 38 plates, some folded.
No date. Two water marks : L. Taylor and a design :
Fleur de lys with G. R. under. Bound in stiff boards with
leather back. E. 37-i8g8.
Summary of Contents. — Files, tools and engines for clock
and watchmakers and for the trades mentioned, engine,
oval and common lathes, rollers or flatting mills, scales.
The title page (reproduced as frontispiece to this cata
logue) is a beautiful bit of work, but unfortunately the list
carries no indication of the period. Its shape and size
represent a departure from the hitherto accepted shape,
and consequently the volume is more convenient to handle
than some of those already described. Each plate is mounted
on a guard, and a special feature is the set of folding
plates showing watch and clockmakers' lathes with wooden
wheels. From these it may be gathered that some form
of automatic screw-cutting movement had been invented
at the time. According to the title page the firm made also
steelyards and "machines for weighing waggons, etc." It
is further added : —
N.B. — To give a draft of every particular Article would
swell the Book to an unreasonable Bulk, we have
therefore selected the most useful, and hope with the
assistance of the list of Prices our correspondents will
Q
form a clear Idea of - whole."
y
Unfortunately the list of prices has not come down with
the plates. See illustration, frontispiece.
x 18111 D

SHEFFIELD PLATE.
M. 104. p.
Mark.— R.C. & Co. on several patterns, indicating the firm
of Robert Cadman & Co. " Livre No. 727 " written inside
cover.
Description. — A catalogue of Sheffield plate. 10 in. by
i6£ in., 70 plates, some folding. Date, according to Mr.
F. Bradbury, about 1797. Original mottled covers, E. 122-1896.
Summary of Contents. — Candlesticks in perspective and
also in half section, tea urns, hot water jugs, tea and coffee
sets, cake baskets, caddies, tankards and cups, teapots, wine
bottle corks and labels, waiters and trays, cruet frames with
the glass ware, toasters, breakfast dishes and covers, soup
tureens, chamber candlesticks, wax taper holders, snuffers
and snuffer trays, toast racks, inkstands, muffineers, sand
boxes, wine funnels, salt cellars ("rainbow salts," Nos.
261, 262), spoons and forks, candelabras.
Comments. — Robert Cadman & Co., according to Mr. F.
Bradbury's book " Old Sheffield Plate," began trading in
1785. The firm must have had a valuable continental
connection, for some of the descriptions are in French as
well as English. A number of extra notes, and all prices
have been written in with pen and ink. There is a record
in the cover that it is " Old, bought at Mr. Cameron's sale,
1812." See illustration, plate XVII.
M. 105. a.
Marks. — 31,400. H. fils & B. Rabais 25 p, %.
Description. — A Sheffield plate list, g-f in. by 15^ in. 86
plates. No date. Water marks : a fleur de lys, A.L. and
V.I. Original limp mottled covers, with paper back.
E. 1 133-1898.
Summary of Contents. — Candlesticks, candelabra, tops for
candelabra, chamber candlesticks, snuffers, urns, water jugs,
coffee pots, cruets, oil bottles and stands, inkstands with
taper holder and pounce pot, spoons, forks and ladles, trays,
cups, table heaters and stands, salt cellars, mustards, tumbler
stands, sugar basins, teapots, tankards, wine funnels, labels
for bottles, egg cups, sauce bowls or boats, waiters, fish
servers, toast racks, cake basket.
Comments. — Alternative " garter " decorations are shown on
the plate representing the tea urn. No prices. Mr. Brad
bury states that he has identified some of the candlesticks
as being the production of J. Parsons & Co. (see plate 69,
&c), who traded about 1784. The same authority has
identified some of the patterns in M. 105. b. mentioned
below, a list slightly smaller than the last mentioned.
That this was issued by John Green, at one time a partner
with Parsons, is confirmed by a note written on the front
plate. See illustrations, plates XVIII., XIX., XX.

37
Mv 105. b.
Marks. — I.G. Book No. io8ig. En Plates. This is repeated
on the first page with the addition " I7g2. Jn. Green
escompte 30 p. °/°."
Description. — A Sheffield plate catalogue, g in. by 15 in.,
84 plates. Date I7g2. Water marks : W. & Co. and a
design, a crown, bugle and L.V. In original limp paper
cover with leather back. E. 1049-1898.
Summary of Contents. — Similar to M. 105. a. (q.v.). See
illustrations, plates XXI. and XXII.
M. 105. c.
Mark. — None.
Description. — A catalogue of Sheffield plate. 10 in. by
15! in., 46 plates. No date. A water mark: R.V.B. 1811.
Cover missing. E. 1219-1898.
Summary of Contents. — Similar to M. 105. a., with some
extra items, e.g., "cegar" cases, taper wax holders, oil
lamps to fit candle sockets, combined egg cup and muffineer,
egg cups in stand, tea bell, spirit frame and bottles, knife.
rest, caddy, toddy ladle, wine cooler.
Comments. — All numbers and prices are written in with ink,
as also are many of the descriptions. Several of the
candlesticks are made to draw up or close down telescope
fashion, a form which came into vogue about 1796. See
illustration, plate XXIII.
M. 105. d.
Mark. — None.
Description.' — A scrapbook comprising designs of Sheffield
plate. io| in. by 15 in., 50 plates. No date. Water
marks, if any, not obtainable, except in one folding plate :
London and the top of 1801 or 1804. 29426.
Summary of Contents.— Similar to M. 105. a., with some
additional examples, e.g., glass pepper pot with plated top,
oblong tray, glass salts with plated frames, egg cups in
stands, beef steak dishes, saucepan, tea caddy, salt or caddy
spoon, knife rest.
Comments. — The oblong tray was supplied in a range of
sizes, 6 in. to 24 in. The beef steak dish is similar to an
entree dish, and is described as being fitted with " the
Handle to screw off to make a pair of dishes occasionally."
Many of the frames are of wire- work. Prices in all cases
written in a private mark.
M. 105. e.
Marks. — Written inside, " Purchased at Turin and presented
to the Library by His Excellency the Marquis d'Azeglio, the
Sardinian Minister. Dec. 7, 1858." Elsewhere in book :
" Livre 037783 Argentee Rabais 32-^ p. °/0." E. 2592-1901.

38
Description. — A catalogue of Sheffield plate, gf- in. by 15 in.,
93 plates. No date. A water mark : L.V. Has been re
bound in stiff boards with original wrapper intact.
Summary of Contents. — Similar to M. 105. a., with additional
items, such as sauce boat, tureen sauce boat, cream bucket,
cream ewer, tea caddy and spoon, argyles for gravy,
strainers, plate covers, spirit frame.
Comments. — Prices throughout are in English currency, but
priced chaque or paire, as the case may be. Descriptions in
English are underwritten with a French translation. An
unusual feature is the drawing of shapes and. covers in plan.
Mr. Bradbury, who had previously examined the list, notes,
" This catalogue issued obviously for foreign trade, and
probably contains drawings of articles made by different
manufacturers." See illustration, plate XXIV.
M. 105. f.
. Three plates of Sheffield Plate candlesticks and a taper-
holder (various sizes). z9543 — 3, 4> 29865.14, 28807.
CARVINGS.
M. 105. g.
Marks. — Decr 20, 1776. Publish'd according to Act of Parlia
ment by I & O Westwood. (on one of the plates).
Description. — A catalogue of patterns of carved work.
9f in. by 6\ in., 27 folding plates. Dates on bottom of
plates 1776 and 1777. Original stiff boards with paper
. back. E. 1467-1907.
Summary of Contents. — Looking-glasses with gilt frames,
furniture roses and ornaments, swags, mouldings and carv
ings for window architraves, door panels, chimney-piece
cornices, " frizes," heraldic figures, mouldings for panel
work, chimney pieces, alternative friezes and pilasters
therefor.
Comments. — The chimney piece designs, two in number, show
how the details illustrated in the book would be applied.
Each part has the detail number engraved near it. It is
disclosed that the " single ornaments in the book are
engraved full size," and that they were sold separately or
made up. "Their Elegance, Duration, and Cheapness," we
are told, "are best recommended by a comparison with
other carvings." Their elegance is beyond dispute, as also
is their cheapness, for no prices are quoted. The chimney
piece drawings are dimensioned and are to scale. There are •
two or three figure carvings, notably an oval, entitled
" Boys' Tablet," a bacchanalian motif, and a Vestal Virgin.
Their utility in general schemes is shown in two plates
comprising 15 friezes. The engravings are well executed,
and there is much in this catalogue worthy of adaptation to
modern needs. See also M. 102. k., page 24.

PLATE II.

Rctf)f3tr all B rass
6681 . //>/&.

lironzd, Leaf
with Brass bi
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Iron Bran id
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Door Knocker (Rapper).
M. ioi. a., page 15.

Brass Handles for Furniture, made for the French Market.
M. ioi. c, page 16.

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PLATE IV.

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PLATE V.

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Brass Handles and Ornaments for Furniture.

M. 102. a., page 20.

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Brass Drop-Handles.

M. 102. f., page 22.

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Brass Reflecting Commode Handles.

M. 102. g., page 22.

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Stamped Brass Commode Handles.
M. 102. h., page 23.

Brass Taper-Holders.
M. 102. i., page 23.

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Brass Escutcheons.
M. 102. j., page 24.

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Picture-Frame Mouldings.
M. 102. k., page 24.

PLATE XIII,

Mirror and Girandoles.
M. 102. k., page 24.

PLATE XIV.

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PLATE XV.

Close-plated Spurs
M. 104. d., page 28.

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PLATE XVI.

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Sheffield Plate, Cruet.

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Round
Sheffield Plate, Branched Candlesticks.
M. 105. a., />a^e 36.
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Sheffield Plate, Spoons and Fork.

Sheffield Plate, Cups, Egg-cups, Funnel, and Decanter-labels.

2J,/ Lf 32?

33/&,<f J2$

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Sheffield Plate, Tea-set.
M. 105. b., page 37

PLATE XXII.

Sheffield Plate, Urn.
M. 105. b., page 37.

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Sheffield Plate, Cake-Basket.

PLATE XXIV.

2.&1D- "jar. J^2Q

Sheffield Plate, Candlesticks and Caddy -Spoon.
M, 105. e., page 37.