3 9002 05350 25^ 1 1. 1 ft t^A 1". 1' ?. ' m I. 1 4 i' J. «' ift , 4^ Sri" ¦ ?\.li 1 v4 ; ¦• f >¦ ) On/^.2f3 O^yUSd^yC^ CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Read at the Centennial Celebration OF THE C^f^ * A- ? "i^4cl SoU," Juiif 4th, 06. BY ISAAC SMUCKER. NEWARK, OHIO: CLARK It UNDER-WOOD, PRINTEKS. 1876. NOTE. — The following historical sketch of Licking County was prepared, pursuant to a resolution of Congress, adopted, March 13, 1S76, which provided for Centennial County histories, throughout the United States; a measure which -was also commended to the. people by the President in a Proclamation, bearing date May 35, 1876. The Licking County Agricultural Society, approving of the resolution and proclamation aforenamed, and promptly adopting the suggestion of the " Ohio State Board of Agriculture," procured the preparation .of the following Centen-nial Sketch of Licking Count}', and had it published in the style in which it is herein presented. The important and voluminous facts, incidents and figures presented, and the mass of valuable information given, must make the "sketch" of permanent value to all who have any interest in our County; it is, therefore commended to the public favor. r'-^, hj . 2-^/..^ n /'V ¦ -t'V- CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. THE MOUND-BUII.DERS. A hundred years ago! and Licking County had no existence as an organized community. Then, and for a score of years thereafter, the entire territory now constituting it, was without a solitary perma nent white inhabitant — it was indeed a " waste, howling -wilderness! " True, the mysterious and prehistoric race of mound-builders had been here. They had erected their works and transmitted to us their memorials, which are the only evidence we have that here they once lived, moved and had their being. But they were gone — the white rnan never saw them! They had their rise, their successes and tri umphs, their decline, their probable defeat and overthrow, or per chance, their dispersion, absorption or extermination, long years — perhaps many ages — before the historic period of the Ohio Val]ey,and of the Lake country of Western America. Here peradventure, with in these w^alls and this enclosure, was their seat of Empire. Here they had thrown up many miles of embankments — here they had built numerous walls of circumvallation — here were their parallel and circular earthworks, their octagonals, their parallelograms and those of various other geometrical figures. Here within the present terri torial limits of Licking County, and in all sections and in every portion of it, they erected hundreds of mounds of earth and stone, including the general classes of Sepulchral, Sacrificial, Temple or truncated mounds, Memorial or Monumental mounds, and mounds of Observation. Here, too, Effigies or Symbolical mounds exist, as well as Enclosures of large extent and of great variety as to form, de sign, and purpose. CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Symbolical Mounds probably served a purpose in the religious services of the mound-builders. Mounds of Observation were in all probability " out-looks " or "signal stations." Sepulchral Mounds were of course used for burial purposes. Sacrificial Mounds were those upon which animals and perhaps human beings were offered as a sacrifice to propitiate the gods of the idolatrous mound-builders. Temple Mounds were used as Temples or "high places " on which were performed some sort of religious ceremonies. Memorial or Monumental Mounds belong to a class that are supposed to have been erected to perpetuate the memory of some important event, or in honor of some distinguished character. Enclosures were constructed for various purposes, some being military or defensive works; some were works in which the cere monies of their religion were conducted; others for the practice of their popular amusements or national games; still others perhaps for Governmental, Legislative or some sort of Civic purposes and perfor mances. Thf Enclosure we occupy to-day, on this Centennial occasion, is probably one of the class in which the rites pertaining to the national religion of the mound-builders were pi-acticed, the "Eagle mound" in its center, with its sacrificial altar favoring this idea; though it may have also served as the place in which to practice their national games and amusements; and being one of their most extensive works, may possibly have been the seat of their govern ment. Least likely of all is it that it was designed for military purposes. Although the plow has often, hereabouts, rudely passed over the remains of our prehistoric ancestors, and partially or wholly obliter ated many of their parallel walls and embankments, their enclosures and mounds, it is yet a gratification to know that enough of their works remain to leave our county still, as it has hitherto been, one of the richest fields of archaeological interest and pursuit — one of the most inviting localities for antiquarian investigation. Above all it is a matter of special congratulation that no Vandal hands can ever be laid upon these embankments within which we are celebrating the first Centennial of American Independence; yea more, that it is one of the irrevocable stipulations by which you, the Licking County Agricultural Society hold the title to them that they shall never be mutilated, partially obHterated or destroyed, thus furnishing a guaran tee for the perpetual preservation of one of the most extensive and LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. interesting works ever erected by the unknown and now extinct mound-builder race. Let it be ever remembered that the tenure up on which this Enclosure is held is that its embankments shall be per petually protected against the mutilating, obliterating hands of the plowman, and against the destructive proclivities of the iconoclast. And let it be the fixed determination of the present and future gener ations to protect against future mutilation -what remains of the exten sive, interesting labyrinthian works of the mound-builders in this locality. Before the beginning of the Centennial period we are closing to day, few, very few persons of Anglo-Saxon or Caucassian ances try had ever passed through, or even entered the territory that now constitutes Licking County. Christopher Gist, an explorer in the interest of a Virginia Land Company, with his guide or fellow-travel er, George Croghan, passed through the southeastern portion of our County in 1751, and were the first (of whom we have authentic in formation,) of the white race that did so. They followed an Indian trail that led from the "Forks of the Ohio," (now Pittsburg,) to the Miami Indian towns, situated in the Miami Valley. In passing through they encamped at the Reservoir, on the evening of January 17th, and on the next day, they " set out from the Great Swamp," as Gists' journal says. And in 1773 Rev. David Jones, a baptist preacher from the vicinity of Philadelphia, who afterwards became known as a historic character of rare eccentricities, with David Duncan an Indian trader, and two others, passed through what is now Licking County. They left " Standing Stone," now Lancaster, (where was then a village of the Delaware Indians,) on Wednesday, February, 10, and passing near by the " Great Swamp " or " Big Lake," as the Indians called it, they crossed the Licking river, ("Salt Lick Creek," Jones' journal named it,) some miles below the junction of the North and South Forks, and remained over night at an Indian village on the Bowling Green, a locality which was declared " fertile and beautiful," in the journal of our eminent missionary tourist. A hundred years ago, and for nearly a score of years thereafter, this locality, this central portion of the Great Northwest, was in the midst of the wild arena on which raged, (and had raged for almost a quarter of a century,) the furious contest between Barbarism and 'Civilization. A century ago and the sole occupants here were the' savage Red men of the foi-est, the fierce and untamed beasts of the desert, and those huge birds of prey that instinctively recede before CeNtFnnial hist'ory of the advancing waves of CiviUzation, and retire to darker shades be fore the steady, forward movements of civilized man. The Delawares, the Shawanese, and the Wyandots had here, a century ago, a more or less permanent residence; and perchance the wanderers of other straggling tribes too, had here, sometimes erected their wigwams, and thus, temporarily at least, attained to a "local habitation and a name." And doubtless here too, during the earlier years of the Centennial period which closes to-day, these woods, " many a time and oft," re sounded with the heavy tread of buffalo herds, and no less with the movements of the more stately elk. Then too, the ferocious panther, the ravenous bear, the rapacious wolf, the treacherous, wily cat amount, the stealthy -wild-cat, the voracious eagle, and the other birds of prey, with the deer and various wild though docile animals, were the almost unmolested tenants of our forests. Then these woods echoed and re-echoed the wild scream of the panther, the doleful screech of the birds of night, the cry of the king of birds uttered from his lofty eyrie, or when saihng in mid-heaven, the howling of the starving wolf, the bellowing of the mad buffalo, and the terrific shrieks and discordant sounds of other -wild and untamed beasts, and of savage man! Such, a century ago, was the music of these woods — such the dreariness, the desolation then of these solitudes! THE INDIANS. During the first decades of the Centennial period, now termina- tingjthe Indians had certainly two villages, perhaps more, -within the present limits of Licking County. Mention has been incidentally made of one jointly occupied by Delawares and Shawanese, which was situated on the Bowling Green, four miles below the junction of the North and South Forks. The other was a Wyandot village, called Raccoontown, and was situated on Raccoon Creek, a short distance above Johnstown, in the present township of Monroe. The Indians sold their town to Charles and George Green in 1S07, and immediate ly abandoned it, though a remnant of them remained within the county some years later. A few Wyandots who had erected some huts on the Brushy Fork, on the borders of Granville and McKean Townships did not leave finally, until 1812. "Here wild in woods the treacherous savage ran," as the poet has it — here during the earlier decades of this Centennial period, the Indians erected their solitary huts, put up their frail wigwams, and built their villages; but like their predecessors, the mound-builders, they are all gone! LICKING County, ohio. 7 A few years ago, while excavating an abutment on the east bank of Bowling Green Run, near its mouth, seven skeletons, some of them of undoubted Indian type, were uncovered, together with trinkets, beads, curiously shaped polished stones and silver thimbles. As the Bowling Green Indian village was in the near vicinity of these skele tons, it is probable that they were the skeletons of residents of the aforesaid village. In these my concluding remarks on our savage predecessors, it may be observed to their credit that we have no reliable information that charges upon them the crime of murdering any of the white race within the territory that now composes Licking County, nor even of the commission of many serious offenses against person or property. There is one exception only to the foregoing statement, related by B. C. Woodwaixl, Esq., which charges the wounding of one man and the killing of another in 1796, within the present limits of Han over Township, on or near the farm owned not long since by the late Jacob Freese. EXTENT, TOPOGRAPHY, STREAMS, &C., &C. The extreme width of Licking County is twenty-two and a half miles, from North to South, thirty miles frpm East to West. These dimensions would give our County 675 square miles of territory; but as the original surveyors of 1796 failed to give us a straight line on our Northern boundary, we lost a strip of sixteen miles in length, and about three-fourths of a mile in breadth, which blundering careless ness reduces our figures to 663 miles. We also lose a tract of nearly two miles by two and a half in extent, at the Southeast corner of the County, which still further reduces our territory almost five square miles, leaving us a sum total of only 658 square miles. The Eastern half of Licking County is generally characterized as hilly, and only moderately productive, yet nearly all cultivable; while the Western half is level or rather undulating, and with a very small proportion too uneven or steep for the plow. It is beautifully diversified by hill and dale— by high, irregular ridges and level plains — by sterile hills and fertile, alluvial bottoms — by the rough " hill country " of the eastern half of the county, and by the level and un dulating lands of the western half The eastern half is varied here. and there by beautiful landscapes, by high peaks, dark glens, inaccessible bluffs, cavernous dells, abrupt acclivities, rugged hill-sides, craggy cliffs such as are found on the " FHnt Ridge," at the " Lick ing Narrows," along tbe Rocky Fork, and in some other localities. 8 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF There are few Prairies in Licking County, one in Washington Township, and another a mile west of Newark, being the largest. The latter, however, which, previous to the earthquakes of 1811-12, served the purpose of a race-course, subsequently became a pond or lakelet. Swamps and ponds are not by any means numerous in Licking County, and what we have are of inconsiderable proportions. Of Lakes we have but two. " Smoots' Lake," in the Northern part of the County, and the "Reservoir," on th;; Southern boundary, por tions of which are in the Counties of Fairfield and Perry. Springs are numerous, but with few exceptions, of small size— the most notable exception being the " Spencer Spring." In early, or pioneer times its flow of water was sufficient to propel the machinery of grist and saw-mills. It is about five miles North of Newark, and empties into the North Fork a mile from its source. Of running streams our County is abundantly furnished, the principal being the North and South Forks, and the Raccoon Creek, or Middle Fork, which all unite at Newark and form the Licking River, which empties into the Muskingum river at Zanesville. The minor streams are the Wakatomika, the Rocky Fork, the Otter Fork, the Clear Fork, the Lake Fork, the Brushy Fork, Clay Lick Creek, Ramp or Auter Creek, Hog Run, Lobdell Run, Bowling Green Run, and many others of smaller magnitude. The aforementioned are all tributaries of the Licking, extept Wakatomika, which empties into the Muskingum, sixteen miles above Zanesville. A portion of the surplus rain that falls on the Southeastern border of our County also finds its way into the Muskingum by -way of the Moxahala or Jona than's Creek, whose mouth is two or three miles below" Zanesville. All the surplus water of Licking County therefore,runs into the Mus kingum, except such as flows from the Western border, by way of the Walnut, Black Lick and Big Walnut .Creeks into the Scioto. All the streams of Licking County still abound, to a considerable extent in fish of various kinds, though they were larger in size and greater in numbers in -the times of our early settlers, except possibly in the Reservoir, or " Big Lake " as the Indians called it, where fish ing is still largely successful, both as an amusement and for profit. As indicating the size attained by the fish known as the pike, in the Licking, in the days of the Pioneers, I give the following facts: Capt. Elias Hughes once speared a pike, which, -vyhen hung on a nail near the top of his cabin door reached to the floor. Isaac Stad- den, Esq., also once shot a pike at " High bank," in the Licking, ¦which measured more than five feet. A stick was run through the LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. gills and placed upon his shoulder, to carry him home, he proved to be of such length, that when thus carried his tail dragged upon the ground. Indeed if was quite a common event for our early settlers to spear or shoot pikes of from three to five feet in length. A few localities in Licking County on account of geographical position or topographical peculiarities, possess more than an ordinary degree of interest. One of these is " Flint Ridge," situated in the Southeastern portion of our county, and extending some distance in to Muskingum County. The extreme length of "Flint Ridge" from East to West is about seven miles, and has an average width of probably two miles. It is extensively covered with the mound-build ers "wells" or "pits" — flint and buhrstones also greatly abound, the latter having been largely used by mill owners in early times, as a substitute for the French buhr, for making flour, and especially for grinding corn. Cannel coal has been found in the ridge, and has been mined to a considerable extent during the last forty years. Fire clay, and clay for the manufacture of stone ware also abound there. The " Licking Narrows " is another of the localities of more than common interest in our County. When first discovered by our pioneer settlers, it was regarded ^s one of the most picturesque places in Ohio. It was a romantic, gloomy gorge, of about two miles in length, through which flowed the Licking river, its western extremity being near the mouth of the Rocky Fork, eight miles below Newark. Cliffs of rocks about sixty feet high compose its Northern bank, while its Southern bank, which is more sloping and of less height consists of earth and rock, and a heavy growth of trees. The Licking has here a width of about a hundred feet, and trees which grew on its banks, had, when the " Narrows" were first explored by white men, such a luxuriant growth, that the branches of trees which stood on opposite sides of the stream, run together and intermingled in many places, so that the grape vines that grew on one side were carried into the tree-tops of those on the other side, thus giving the " Narrows," during the season of'full foliage, a dark, gloomy, cavern ous appearance. ,On the face of the perpendicular rock on the north side of the " Narrows," was inscribed, what was popularly called the " Black Hand." It was twice the size of a man's hand and wrist, with dis tended thumb and fingers, pointing eastward. It was near the east ern end of the " Narrows," and some ten or fifteen feet from the ground. The general impression seemed to be that this famous "hand" had been chiseled or scratched out with a sharp-pointed IO CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF flint chisel, the hollowed grooves thus chiseled out forming its shape, and that the " hand " had become blackened by the action of the elements, or that the growth of a thick coat of black moss had given it its color, as contradistinguished from the general color of the rock, which was of a grayish cast. This curious "hand" was destroyed in 1828, by blasting the rock on which it was inscribed, in Order to make the tow-path for the Ohio Canal, which, by a lock at the head, and a dam at the foot of the " Narrows," made the Licking river slackwater, and as such a part of the Ohio Canal. Other landscapes and localities of romantic interest in Licking County, might be named in this connection, such as the " Rain Rock " near the Rocky Fork, and also the glens or dells and moun tainous features of the hills and banks of said stream, at various points, but I will not go into detailed descriptions of them. The localities west of Newai'k, between the North and Middle Forks of the Licking, known as Sharon Valley and Welsh Hills, which were first settled by immigrants from Wales, during the early years of this century, also have points of rare interest and landscape beauty, but I must forego details. UNITED STATES MILITARY LANDS. REFUGEE LANDS. Nine-tenths or more of Licking County is situated within the old United States Military District, and is, therefoi-e, to that extent composed of United States Military Lands — that is lands set apart by Congress in June 1796, for the payment of certain claims of the offi cers and soldiers for services rendered during the Revolutionary war. The narrow strip of two and a half miles wide, along the Southern border of the County belongs to the Refugee tract — a tract of land dedicated by Congress in April 1798, to the payment of the claims of those refugees whose possessions in Canada and Nova Scotia had been confiscated by the British Government, upon the alleged ground that their owners had abandoned them and had joined the Colonists in their struggle for Independence. The United States Military Lands amounted to 2,650,000 acres. The tract was bounded on the East by the West hne of the seven Ranges; on the South by Congress lands and by the Refugee tract; on the West by the Scioto river; and on the North by the Greenville treaty boundary line. The Refugee tract was four and a half miles wide, and forty- eight miles long, extending Eastward from the Scioto river, and con- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. u tained 100,000 acres. The villages of Gratiot, Linnville, Amsterdam, Jacksontown, Hebron, Brownsville, Luray and Kirkersville are near to or upon the North line of the Refugee tract. Etna and Bowling Green Townships are wholly within it; and the Southern portion of Harrison, Union and Licking Townships are also in the Refugee tract. OUR CIVIL HISTORY. The Territory which now constitutes Licking County, was with in the limits of Washington County, (the first County organized in the Northwest Territory,) from 1788 until 1798, when, by the organi zation of Ross County, it became a portion of it, and so remained until the year 1800, when, Fairfield County being established, it was thrown into it, and continued to be a portion of said County until 1808, when the organization of Licking County was effected; -we have therefore had Marietta, Chillicothe, Lancaster and Newark for our County seats, and in the order named. The first Territorial Legislature of the Northwest Territory met at Cincinnati, September 16, 1799, and Ross County's representa tives in that body, were, Edward Tiffin, Thomas Worthington, Samuel Findlay, and EKas Langham, and their only constituents living within the present limits of Licking County, were the families of Elias Hughes and John Ratliff, consisting of twenty-two persons. The second session, with the same representatives, was held at Chillicothe, in November 1800. The third session, (with .the same representatives, except Samuel Findlay,) met at ChiUicothe, Novem ber 23, 1801. Our Territorial Delegates in Congress were General William H. Harrison, who served from 1799 until 1800. William McMillen succeeded him but served only until 1801, when Paul Fearing took his seat as such and served until 1803. In November 1802, a Constitutional Convention was held at Chillicothe and formed the first Constitution for the State of Ohio. We were at that time part and parcel of Fairfield County, and that County was represented in said Convention by Henry Abrams and Emanuel Carpenter. THE FIRST SETTLERS AND EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS OF LICKING COUNTY. The first permanent white settlement made within the present limits of Licking County was effected in 1798, by Elias Hughes and 13 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF John Ratliff. They came to the Bowling Green, (now in Madison Township,) on the Licking, from Western Virginia and were the only settlers until early in the year iSoo. The two families spent the preceding year at the "Mouth of the Licking," and in the Spring of 1798 they ascended said stream some twenty miles, and there squat ted, both families numbering, upon their arrival, twenty-one persons. During the year 1799 a son was born to Elias Hughes, thus increas ing the colony to twenty-two. Captain Hughes had been a frontiersman all his life, and had at tained to a good degree of prominence, in his native State, before leaving it, as a skilful hunter, a brave soldier, a reliable spy, and as a most daring and successful Captain of Scouts. He had been in the sanguinary battle of Point Pleasant, in i774i and for more than twenty years thereafter he had served efficiently, on the Western borders of Virginia, in the hazardous employment of Spy or Scout. In 1796-7 he was attached, as a hunter, to the surveying party that run the Range and Township lines of the United States Military lands in this section. He lived until 1844, dying at the age of about ninety years, and had been for a long while, the last and only survivor of those who had actively participated in the hard-fought battle of Point Pleasant, between about one thousand Virginians, commanded by General Andrew Lewis, and perhaps as many Indian warriors under the leadership of the celebrated Cornstalk, a Shawanese Chief. John Ratliff's wife died in 1802, and was probably the first white adult person whose death took place within our county. During the same year, October 22, 1803, the wife of Mr. John Jones, who lived near the Raccoon creek, four miles West of Newark, died. The first death was that of an infant child of John Stadden, whose birth and death occurred in the latter part of the year 1801. The first marriage within the limits of Licking County, was that of the parents of the aforesaid child, (John Stadden and Elizabeth Green,) which took place on Christmas day in the year 1800. John Ratliff died on the South side of the Licking, near the mouth of the Brushy Fork, about or in the year 181 1. A few of the descendants of Hughes and Ratliff still reside in Licking County. SETTLERS OF TIIE YEAR 180O. In the year 1800, Benjamin Green, and Richard Pitzer settled on the Shawnee Run, two miles below the junction of the North and South Forks, having come from Alleghany County, Maryland. In LICKING COUNTY, OttlO. 13 the same year Captain Samuel Elliott, from the same County, settled half a mile above them. And in the same year Isaac Stadden, an emigrant from Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, settled half a mile above Captain Elliott. His brother John, an unmarried brother, accompanied him. He remained unmarried, however, only until the Christmas of this year. And it was during this year also, that John Van Buskirk left Brooke County, Virginia, and settled upon a thirty- one hundred acre tract of land he had purchased, situated in the Valley of the South Fork, (now in Union Township,) some eight miles or more above the mouth of the South Fork. He served as a spy many years, between the Ohio and Tuscarawas rivers, for the protection of the frontier settlers, and in that capacity was eminently useful. He was frequently attached to expeditions commanded by Captains Samuel Brady and John McCulloch, those eminent protec tors of the pioneer settlers between the AUeghanies and the Ohio river. His death occurred December 31, 1840. Isaac Stadden was the first civil officer elected within the limits of our County. At an election held in January 1802, at the cabin of Captain Hughes, he was chosen a Justice of the Peace of Licking Township, then Fairfield County, and Elias Hughes was elected Captain of Militia at the same time and place. John Stadden became the first Sheriff of Licking County in 1808 and served as such, and as Collector of taxes until 1810. Captain Elliott was elected Coroner of the County of Licking in 1808 and served as such for a score of years or more. He had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His death took place in May, 1831, in his eightieth year. Benjamin Green lived until 1835, dying at the age of seventy-six years. Isaac vStadden, late in October, 1800, left his cabin one day, to go to Cherry Valley, to shoot deer. He came home in the evening, greatly excited, having discovered the Old Fort, of which he had not heard before. Next morning he and Mrs. Stadden, visited this interesting relic of the Mound-builders, and riding. all around it on the top of the embankment, where it was practicable, they took a good look at this great curiosity, and so far as is known he was the first white man, and she the first white woman that ever looked upon this ancient work of a prehistoric people. Another incident of this year. In November, or early in Decem ber 1800, Isaac Stadden was deer hunting near this spot, in the direction of Ramp or Auter Creek. There, towards evening around a camp-fire, in the dense forest he met John Jones, Phineas Ford, Frederick Ford, Benoni Benjamin and a Mr Denner. Jones and the 14 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OP Fords were married to the sisters of Benjamin. Jones was of Welsh ancestors, born in New Jersey, but had lived in the neighborhood of Stadden, in Pennsylvania, where they had been schoolmates. Neither knew that the other was in the Northwest Territory. They had not seen each other for many years, and knew nothing of each others intervening history or whereabouts. The romantic interest of such a meeting, under such circumstances, by Stadden and Jones, cannot be readily described — it must be imagined rather. Jones -with his associates, were exploring, with a view to an early settlement, and they did settle in a few months, Jones in the Raccoon Valley, and his associates in the Ramp Creek Valley. The entire company accepted Mr. Stadden's invitation to visit him at his cabin, and did so, soon, and it was represented to the writer, sixty years after, by Mrs. Stadden, that said visit and its incidents, -were among the most interesting and enjoyable events of her long Pioneer life. THE SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS OF 180I. The year 1801 brought vs^ith it quite a number of settlers. John Larabee ascended the Licking river in a canoe to the mouth of the Bowling Green Run, where he landed, and near that point on the South side of the Licking, he occupied a hollow sycamore tree, while he cleared some land, and raised a few acres of corn. He served throughout the whole Revolutionary war, and probably also in the Indian wars afterwards. Mr. Larabe died February 6th, 1846, aged four score and six years. James Maxwell came up the Licking with Mr. Larabee, John Weedman and a Mr. Carpenter. Maxwell was the first school teacher, and made that his life-long profession. He was also our first constable, having been elected to said office, Janu ary I, 1802, at the same time and place of the election of Captain Hughes, and Isaac Stadden, Esq. Samuel Parr this year settled on the Licking bottoms just below the junction of the North and South Forks. James Macauly and James Danner located themselves near the mouth of Ramp Creek, where the first named built a "tub-mill" or "corn-cracker," the first water power concern within the present limits of our County. Phillip Barrick settled near the "Licking Narrows." John Jones built his cabin in the Raccoon Valley, five miles from the mouth of Raccoon Creek, aiid Phineas and Frederick Ford and Benoni Benjamin theirs in the Ramp or Auter Creek Valley, some miles from the mouth of Ramp or Auter Creek. Phillip Sutton, Job Rathbone, and John and George Gillespie settled in the Hog Run Valley. In September of this year, John Edwards came LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 15 to the South Fork Valley, from Brooke County, Virginia. He was distinguished as a hunter and an expert with the rifle, having been engaged as a spy for some years on the frontiers of Virginia, as well as the Northwest Territory. In coming he blazed the trees and killed the game for their subsistence, while others cut out the road where necessary, and still others followed with the wagon which contained his family and household effects. THE SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS OF l8o2. The year 1802 brought us many immigrants. Alexander Holmes and James Hendricks came from Brooke County, Virginia, and settled in the Soutji Fork Valley near the residence of their brother- in-law, John Van Buskirk. Theophilus Rees, David Lewis, David Thomas, James Johnson and Simon James came this year, most of them settling on the Welsh Hills. Jacob Nelson settled in the Lick ing Valley, and not long thereafter built a mill, a mile or more below the junction of the North and South Forks. Newark was laid out this year by General W. C. Schenck; and Abraham Miller, John Warden and Henry Claybaugh came from the South Branch of the Potomac, and' settled in its immediate vicinity. Michael Thorn, Frederick Myer, and Henry Neff located at or near the Little Bow ling Green, on the Southern borders of the County, during this year. They were from the Monongahela country, in West Virginia. Adam Hatfield, James Black, Richard Parr, Samuel Elliott, Henry Clay baugh, Samuel Parr, and Samuel Elliott, Jr., built and occupied cabins in Newark this year, except the younger Elliott, who probably had a tenant in his. The senior Elliott built the first hewed log house with shingled roof. Black kept a tavern on the lot now occupied by the Park House. Beall Babbs, James Jeffries and Mrs. Catharine Pegg, settled in or near Newark during this year. Jonathan Benja min, father-in-law of John Jones and the Ford brothers, located on Ramp or Auter Creek, in the Spring of 1802. He had passed through the French and Indian wars, and through the Revolutionary war also, and had been a frontiersman from his youth up. Mr. Benjamin died in i84i,at the great age of one hundred and three years! Patrick Cunningham, Abraham Johnson, Abraham Wright, James Petticord, Edward Nash, Carlton, Benedict, Aquilla, and two John Belts settled about and in Newark, except Cunningham, who first lived neighbor to John Jones, having built the second cabin within the present limits of Granville Township. He was from i6 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Tyrone County, province of Ulster, Ireland; the others were from Washington County, Pennsylvania. A considerable colony from Brooke County, Virginia, also settled in the South Fork Valley. SUBSEQUENT SETTLERS AND SETTLEMENTS UNTIL 1 809. After the year 1802, the influx of new settlers increased from time to time, and new settlements were made from year to year.. In 1803, John Evans settled in the North Fork Valley, seven miles North of Newark, and in the Spring of the same year Evan Payne and Jacob Wilson located in the same valley about a mile above the mouth of the North Fork. They, as W£ll as Evans were Virginians. John Simpson, Robert Church, William Schamahorn, Richard Jewell, Edward Crouch, William and John Moore, Thomas Seymour and William O'Banon settled within the present limits of Madison Township, during this year also. In 1804 Thomas Cramer, Simon James, and Peter Cramer settled on the Welsh Hills. Evan Humphrey, and Chiswold May settled near the "Big Spring," now in Newton Township. Daniel Thomp son, Samuel Enyart and Matthias and Hathaway Denman located in the present Township of Hanover. Moses Meeks, William Harris, Charles Howard and John and Adam Mvers located about the "Little Bowling Green." Maurice Newman settled in Newark. John and Jacob Myers, Daniel Smith and James Taylor came to the South Fork Valley; and Henry Smith, John Channel, and Thomas Deweese located in what is now Madison Township. In 1805 settlements were made on the upper waters of the South Fork, now in Lima Township, David Herron being the first settler. In the same year, (or early in 1806,) a Mr. Hatfield settled within the present limits of Harrison Township; and George Ernst, John Feasel and John and Jacob Swisher formed a settiement near the source of Swamp Run, now in Franklin. Township. In November of this year, (1805.) the Granville Colony arrived and established themselves at and around the village of Granville. General John Spencer also settled in the Spring of this year, in the North Fork Valley, five miles noi'th of Newark. When he settled at the " Big Spring," he found in the vicinity a man named Evan Humphrey, quite an eccentric character, who served his country in the Revo lutionary war, and who was also of the " forlorn hope," at the storm ing of Stony Point, in 1779 by General Wayne. Rev. Joseph Thrap setded within the present Township of Hanover; and LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 17 Elisha and John Farmer settled a few miles west of Newark during this year. In 1806, the upper valley of Raccoon Creek, now Monroe Township, was settled by George W. Evans, and soon thereafter by Charles and George Green. Henry Drake also located in the upper valley of the South Fork, now Harrison Township, during this year. Chester and Elisha Wells and John HoUister settled near the mouth of the Rocky Fork. Samuel Hand, James Holmes and David Benja min settled in the South Fork Valley. Evan Pugh and Archibald Wilson settled North of Newark in North Fork Valley. The upper Valley of the North Fork, now Burlington Township, was settled by . James Dunlap, Nathan Conard and others. William Hull and Isaac Farmer located this year in the vicinity of the Flint Ridge. In 1807 John Cook Herron built and occupied a cabin in the Raccoon Valley, now St. Albans Township. Granville Township, Fairfield County was organized this year. It embraced the Western half of the present County of Licking, except, I believe, the Refugee lands, Licking Township, embracing the eastern half, with the same exception. In 1808, Joseph Conard settled in the North Fork Valley, near the present village of Utica. He came from Loudon County, Vir ginia, and was the first settler within thepresent Township of Wash ington. , In this year, (1808,) the County of Licking was organized with the following persons as its first Judicial and County Officers; President Judge of Common Pleas Court — William Wilson. Associate Judges — Alexander Holmes, Timothy Rose,. James Taylor. Clerk of Court — Samuel Bancroft. Sheriff — -John Stadden. Treasurer — Elias Gilman. CoMMissioNERs^Archipald Wilson, Elisha Wells, Israel Wells. Collector of Taxes — -John Stadden. Commissioners' Clerk — Elias Gilman. Assessor of Licking Township — Archibald Wilson, Jr. Assessor of Granville Township — -Jeremiah R. Munson. The first Court was held at the house of Levi Hays, four miles West of Newark and two miles east of Granville. There not being room in the house, the Grand Jury held its inquest under a tree. During the year a board of Commissioners consisting of James Dun lap, Isaac Cook and James Armstrong, selected Newark as the per manent County Seat. i8 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF our first judges and clerk in 1808. William Wilson was a New Englander, educated at Dart mouth College, and had settled at Chillicothe as an Attorney at Law. He presided at the first Court held in Licking County in 1808, and remained on the Bench until 1823, when he was elected to Con gress, and served four years and until his death in 1827. Alexander Holmes came from Brooke County, Virginia, in 1802. He was a gentleman of considerable natural ability — of gen eral intelligence and -extensive information — and was of the better educated class of our Pioneers. Judge Holmes sat upon the Bench as an Associate Judge from 1808 to 1812, and again from 1823 to 1828. James Taylor was born in Pennsylvania, in 1753, and after his marriage in 1780, he moved to Western Virginia. In 1782 he was in the Williamson expedition against the Moravian Indians on the Tuscarawas, and had the honor of voting, with seventeen others, against the murder of their Indian captives, but wit'nout avail. Judge Taylor served as Associate Judge only from 1808 to 1809. He had served his country during the Revolutionary war, and was a man of character and intelligence. His death took place in 1844, at the advanced age of ninety-one years! Timothy Rose was one of the original Granville Colony of 1805, not one of whom now survives. He was an Associate Judge from 1808 to 1813, when he died. Judge Rose was a high-toned, in tellectual and intelligent gentieman, and a man of high character, of sound judgment, and undoubted patriotism. He served in the Revolutionary war, and distinguished himself as an officer, at the storming of a British redoubt, at the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown in 17S1. Samuel Bancroft was the first Clerk of our Court in 1808. He was of the original Granville Colony, arriving in the Spring of 1806. He was a soldier in the war of 1813, served as a Magistrate many years, and was an Associate Judge from 1S34 to 1845. ^^ ^ citizen and a public officer, he was held in high esteem. He was born in Massachusetts, in 1778, and died in 1S70, at the age of ninety- two years. new settlements from 1S09 TO 1831, inclusive. In 1809, Henry lies settled within the present limits of Benning- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 19 ton Township. In 1810, the Wakatomika Valley was first settled b}' Samuel JHickerson, followed next year by James Thrap. Daniel Poppleton rendered a similar service within the present limits of Hartford Township, in the year 1812. Joseph and Peter Headly started a settlement on the head waters of the South Fork, (now in Jersey Township,) in 1815. Etna Township too, was settled in 1815, if not a little earlier, by John Williams, the Housers and others. Isaac Essex settled there in 1816. In the year 1818 David Bright located in the Northeastej-n part of this County, and was the first settler of Fallsbury Township, while in 1821, Rena Knight built a cabin and opened a clearing near the head of Brushy Fork, at a point now in Liberty Township. Thus one locality after another became settled, and finally fully occupied in every section of our County. THE pioneer preachers AND CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. In 1802, a Presbyterian minister named McDonald came along and preached two sermons to the settlers in the Licking Valley. In 1803, Rev. John Wright also a Presbyterian preacher, delivered two sermons in Newark. Thomas Marquis, another Presbyterian Minis ter, gave the people of Raccoon Valley a sermon or two during this year. During the Autumn of this year, Rev Asa Shinn, of the Methodist Church commenced preaching, as an itinerant minister, at Benjamin Green's in the Hog Run settlement, and before his year closed he there organized a society or Church, and that was the original or Pioneer church organization in our County. He prob ably sometimes preached in Newark also; certainly his successors on the circuit. Revs. James Quinn and John Meeks, did, and also formed a small Church organization as early as 1805, which was the second in our County. The Congregational Church of Granville, organized before the Granville Colony left New England, was the third religious society of Licking County, and the Methodist Society, organized in 1806 or a little later, near the Bowling Green, was probably the fourth. A Methodist Society near the eastern borders of this County, organized about the same time, and often ministered unto by the Rev. Joseph Thrap, was most likely the next in order, and the fifth in number. The Welsh Hills Baptist Church was organized September 4th, 1808, and was the sixth and next in order. In the Autumn of the same year the First Presbyterian Church of Newark was organized, and was the seventh in order, in the County, althowgh there may have been a Methodist Church organized So Centennial history of earlier in the South Fork Valley. The only other of the early- time Churches I mention is the Hog Run or Friendship Baptist Church which was organized February 20th, 181 1, and has had a good degree of prosperity until now. The Revs. Joseph Williams and James Axley were itinerating Methodist Ministers in 1805. Rev Peter Cartwright preached to the Methodist Societies in 1806, as did also Rev. John Emmett. Rev. James Scott, a Presbyterian Minister, also preached in Newark during this year. Rev James Hoge, of the same denomination visited and preached to the people of Granville during the year, as did also Rev. Samuel P. Robbins of the Congregational Church, and Rev. David Jones, of the Baptist Church. In 1807, Revfe. Joseph Hayes and James King were the regular itinerant Ministers, who ministered regularly to the Methodist Churches hereabouts. Sometimes, too Revs. Jesse Stoneman and Robert Manly ministered to them, as did also Rev. Levi Shinn. In 1808 Revs. Ralph Lotspeitch and Isaac Quinn were the regular Methodist preachers. Elder James Sutton and Mr. Steadman appeared as Baptist ministers. Rev. Timothy Harris a Congregational Minister took charge of the Church in Granville this year and continued his ministrations until 1822. His ordination there was conducted by Revs. Lyman Potter, Stephen Lindley, Jacob Lindley, John Wright and James Scott. In 1809 Revs. Benjamin Lakin, and John Johnson were the Methodist itiner ants. Revs. Thomas Powell and John W. Patterson, (Baptists,) commenced their ministerial services in Licking County. In 1810 the latter took charge of the Welsh Hills Church, and in the next year of the Hog Run Church also. Rev. James B. Finley was the Methodist itinerant of the year iSio. THE FOLLOWING JS A LIST OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF LICKING COUNTY THE DATE OF THEIR ORGANIZATION AND WHEN SETTLED. Townships When Organized. Wbsn Settled. I. Licking i8oi in Fairfield County 1801. 2. Granville 1807 " " 1801. 3. Hanover 1808 1801. 4. Bowling Green 1808 1802. 5. Union 1 808 1 800. 6. Newton , 1809 1803. 7. Newark 1810 180I. 8. Madison 1812 1798. 9. Monroe 1812 1806. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. it IO. Washington 1812 1808. II. Franklin 1812 1805. 12. St. Albans 1813 1807. ' 13. Hopewell 1814 1806. 14. Bennington 181 5 1809. 15. Harrison 1816 1806. 16. Burhngton. . 1817 1806. 17. Mary Ann. . 1817 1809. 18. McKean.. . ..1818.... 1806. 19. Hartford 1819. 1812. 20. Perry 1819 1810. 21. Jersey 1820 181 5. 22. Eden 1822 1813. 23. Fallsbury 1826 1818. 24. Liberty 1827. 1821. 25. Lima 1827 1805. 26. Etna 1833 1815. city and VILLAGE POPULATION. Population of the City of Newark, and of the Towns and Villages of Licking County, according to the Census of 1870, given in the order of their numbers. Newark 6698 Granville 1 109 Hebron 478 Pataskala, (first called Conine.) 462 Jackson 438 Utica, (first called Wilmington,) 384, Brownsville 384 Hanover 322 Alexandria 303 Kirkersville ; 295 Etna, (first called Carthage,). 258 Johnstown '.-¦ , 241 Hartford 229 Homer, (first called Burlington,) . . . ./ 226 Columbia, (sometimes called Columbia Center,). 205 St. Louisville 166 Chatham, (first called Harrisburg,) 156 Gratiot, (Licking County's portion,) 154 22 ceNTenNial History OF Elizabethtown 113 Jersey loi Linnville 100, Fredonia 99, Vanattasburg 7c Appleton 56, Luray - 55 Total 13,102 N. B. — Amsterdam, Toboso, Wagram, New Way, Fallsburg, Boston, Moscew, Sylvania, Summit Station, Union Station and per haps other villages were not separately enumerated, but were in cluded in4:he total population. LICKING county TOWNS WHEN LAID OUT AND BY WHOM. (Given in Chronological order.) To-WNS. When Laid Out, And by Whom, Newark 1802. .W. C. Schenck, J. N. Cummings and J. Burnet. Granville 1806. .Licking Land Company. Johnstown.. . 1813. .Henry Bigelow. Utica 1814. .Major William Robertson. Homer 1816. .John Chonner. Hartford 1824. .Ezekiel Wells and Elijah Durfey. Hebron 1827 . .John W. Smith. Jackson 1829. .Thomas Harris. Fredonia 1829. .Spencer Arnold, David Wood, Jr., and S. IShaw. Gratiot 1829. .Adam Smith. Brownsville. .1829. .Adam Brown. Linnville 1829. . Samuel Parr. Chatham 1829. .John Waggoner. Elizabethtowni839. .Leroy, Beverly, Abner and Minerva Lemert. Lockport 1830. .James Holmes and C. W. Searle. Moscow 1830. .Daniel Green and- William Green. Alexandria. ...1830. .Alexander Devilbliss. Wagram 1831 . .(first called Cumberland) Jeremiah Armstrong. Appleton 1832. .Titus Knox and Carey Mead. Etna 1832. .Lyman Turrill. [Pearson. Jersey 1832. .L. Headley, W. Condit, E. Beecher and A. D. Kirkersville. . 1832. .WilHam C. Kirker. Luray 1832 . .Adam Sane and Richard Porter. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. Amsterdam . . 1834. .George Barnes. Sylvania 1838. .Jesse and Abraham Gosnell. St. Louisville. 1840. .John Evans. Columbia. . . . 1850. .John Reese, Stephen Childs and Mark Richey. Pataskala. . . . 1851 . .Richard Conine. Hanover 1852. .J. H. Hollister. Toboso 1852. .William Stanbery. Fairfield, Licking, New Winchester, Belfast, Exeter, Livings ton, and Mount Hope are virtually extinct villages of Licking County. Tq-wnships Numbekof When OF Inhtbitants Names of First Settlers in Each. Seutled, Licking County. In 1870. Bennington .... 907 . . Henry lies 1809. Bowling Green 1042. .Michael Thorn, F. Myer and H. Neff. . . 1802. Burlington 106 1 . .James Dunlap, C. Vanousdal and others. 1806. Eden 783. . W. Shannon, J. Oldaker and E. Brown.. .1813. Etna 1224. .J. Williams, J. Crouch, Nelsons & Housers 181 5. Fallsbury 865. .David Bright 1818. Franklin 847. .George Ernst, the Switzers and J. Feasel. 1805. Granville 2127 . John Jones', and Pati'ick Cunningham .... 1801 Hanover 1165 . .Phihp Barrick 1801. Harrison 1242 .Henry Drake 1806. Hartford 1017 . . Daniel Poppleton 1812. Hopewell 1009 . . W. Hull, I. Farmer, S. Pollock and others . 1806. Jersey 1253. .Joseph and Peter Headly and L. Martin. 1 815. Liberty 837. .Rena Knight and others 1821. Licking 1288. .P. Sutton, J.Rathbone & J. & G. Gillespie. 1801. Lima 1642 . . Hatfield, David and John Herron .... 1805. Madison 959 . . Elias Hughes and John Rathff 1798- Mary Ann 804. . Bush, a Virginian 1809. McKean 990. .John Price 1806. Monroe 1119. .Geo. W. Evans, Chas. and Geo. Green. . .1806. Newark. 7^'7- -Samuel Parr and others 1801. Ne-wton 1283. .John Evans 1S03. Perry 897. .Samuel Hickerson and James Thrap 1810. St. Albans. . ..mo. .John Cook Herron 1807. Union I 855 . .John Van Buskirk, the Ford's and others . 1800. "yVashington . . .1252. .Joseph Conard, John Lee and others 1808. 36,196 24 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OUR CONGRESSMEN. In order to make this as complete a history of Licking County as I can within reasonable limits, I propose to present, in tabular form, the names of the persons, with the tides of their offices and time of service in the various State and County Offices, so far as our County was identified with them, beginning with the members of Congress who have represented districts of which Licking County formed a part. Jeremiah Morrow served from 1803 to 1813 James Kilbourn " " Philemon Beecher " " Joseph Vance " " William Wilson " " William Stanbery " -' Robert Mitchell " " ,. . Ehas Howell " ' " Alexander Harper " " Jonathan Taylor " " Joshua Mathiot " " Heman A. Moore " " Alfred P. Stone ¦' " ..." Columbus Delano " " Daniel Duncan " " Charles Sweetser " " Edson B. Olds " " Samuel Galloway " " Samuel S. Cox " " John O'Neil " " Columbus Delano " " George W. Morgan " " Milton I. Southard " " ... ISbS a a 1817 1817 1821 1821 u 1823 1823 li 1827 1827 li 1833 1833 il 1835 1835 i: 1837 1837 ii 1839 1839 li 1841 1841 li 1843 1843 il 1844 1844 li 1845 1845 ii. 1847 1847 u 1849 1849 it 1853 1853 ii 1855 1855 ll 1857 1857 ll 1863 1863 ll 1865 1865 li 1867 1867 it 1873 1873 (( 1876 OUR STATE SENATORS. Robert F. Slaughter served from 1808 to 1805 Jacob Burton Elnathan Schofield Jacob Burton William Trimble Robert F. Slaugl^tev William Gavitt 1805 " 1806 1806 " 1810 1808 " 1810 1810 " 1812 1810 " 1,812 1812 " 1814 LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 25 William Gass William Gavitt Mordecai Bartley ' John Spencer Jacob Catterlin William Stanbery William W. Gault Elias Howell Benjamin Briggs Jonathan Taylor William W. Gault Richard Stadden Burrill B. Taylor James Parker Willard Warner Samuel Winegardner Samuel Patterson John C. Alward Charies Follett Daniel Gardner William P. Reid Thomas C. Jones John A. Sinnett James R. Stanbery Willard Warner, Jr., Lewis Evans James R. Hubbel Early F. Poppleton John B. Jones William P. Reid James W. Owens served from 1814 " 1815 " 1815 " 1816 " 1816 " 1818 " 181,8 " 1822 " 1822 " 1824 " 1824 " 1826 " ' 1826 " 1830 " 1830 " 1832 " '. 1832 " 1833 " 1833 " 1836 " 1836 " 1838 " 1838 " 1840 " 1840 " 1842 " 1842 " 1844 " 1844 " 1846 " 1846 " 1848 " 1848 " 1850 " 1850 " 1854 " 1854 " 1856 " 1856 " 1858 " .: 1858 " 1860 " 1860 " 1862 " 1862 " 1864 ". 1864 " 1866 " 1866 " 1868 " 1868 « 1870 " 1870 " 1871 " 1871 " 1872 " 1872 " 1874 " ". 1874 " 1876 " 1876 " — MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. William Trimble served in first Session of David Reese " " . " William Gass " Philemon Beecher " David Reese " Philemon Beecher " Robert Cloud 1803 " : 1803 from second session in 1803 to 1805 " 1803 to 1804 from 1804 to 1805 " 1805 to 1808 " 1805 to 1806 26 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF WilHam W. Irwin served from 1806 to 1808 Alexander Holden " " 1808 to 1809 William Gass " " , 1809 to 1810 Jeremiah R. Munson " " 1810 to 1811 William Gass " " 1811 to 1812 Edward Herrick " " 1812 to 1813 William Hains " " 1818 to 1814 John Spencer " " 1814 to 1817 William W. Gault " " 1817 to 1818 Anthony Pitzer " " 1818 to 1820 WilHam W. Gault " " 1820 to 1822 ' Augusdne Munson " " 1822 to 1824 Stephen C. Smith " " 1824 to 1825 Bradley Buckingham " " 1825 to 1826 Stephen C. Smith " " 1826 to 1827 William Hull " " 1827tol82S Jacob Baker " " 1828 to 1829 Benjamin Briggs " " 1829 to 1880 Bryant ThornhiU " " 1880 to 1832 Jonathan Taylor " " 1882 to 1833 . Samuel D. King ¦ " " 1833 to 1834 WilHam Mitchell " " 1833 to 1835 John Yontz " " 1835 to 1837 John Stewart " " . 1836 to 1838 Isaac Smucker " " 1837 to 1839 George H. Flood " " 1888 to 1840 Walter B. Morris " " 1839 to 1841 EHsha Warren " " 1840 to 1841 Jonathan Smith ." " 1841 to 1842 Isaac Green " " 1841 to 1843 Phelps Humphrey " " 1842 to 1843 Samuel White " " ) 843 to 1844 Daniel Duncan " " 1843 to 1844 Presley N. O'Banon " " 1844 to 1845 Seth S. Wright " " 1845 to 1846 E. L. Smith " " 1845 to 1846 Jonathan Smith " " 1846 to 1847 Robert Fristo " " 1847 to 1848 Robert B. Truman " " 1848 to 1849 Noah Reed " " 1849 to 1850 Richard H. Yates " " 1850 to 1854 LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 27 John Bell Alban Warthen A. E. Rogers John A Sinnett Charies B. Giffin William B. Woods William Parr George B. Smythe John H. Putnam John F. Follett William Parr William Bell, Jr. Wilham D. Smith served from 1852 to 1854 " 1854 to 1856 " 1854 to 1856 " 1856 to 1858 " 1856 to 1858 " 1858 to 1862 " 1858 to 1862 " 1862 to 1864 " 1864 to 1868 " 1866 to 1870 " 1868 to 1872 " 1872 to 1874 " 1874 to 187 MEMBERS OF OUR CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. Henry Abrams and Emanuel Carpenter in 1802 Lucius Case and Henry S. Manon in 1851 — 1852 WilHam P. Kerr in Convention of . . . .' 1873—1874 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS OF LICKING COUNTY. Daniel Humphrey served in 1856 Isaac Smucker served in , 1872 Edward M. Downer served in 1876 PRESIDENT JUDGES OF COMMON PLEA COURT. William Wilson served Alexander Harper " Corrington W. Searle Richard Stillwell " RolHn C Hurd Sherman Finch " Thomas C. Jones " Jefferson Brumback " Jerome Buckingham" Charies Follett from 1808 to 1822 1822 to 1836 1836 to 1843 1848 to 1852 1852 to 1857 1857 to 1862 1862 to 1867 1867 to 1869 1869 to 1870 1870 to 1876 ASSOCIATE JUDGES. James Taylor served from 1808 to 1809 28 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Alexander Holmes served from Timothy Rose " Henry Smith " Noah Fidler William Hains " Anthony Pitzer " Zachariah Davis " Alexander Holmes " Samuel Bancroft " WiHiam O'Banon John J. Brice William Taylor Levi J. Haughey " Daniel Martin " Benjamin F. Myers " Benjamin W. Brice " WiHiam Hunter John Van Fossen " Elizur Abbott " Associate Judges were abolished by the Constitution Probate Judges substituted. 1808 to 1812 1808 to 1813 1809 to 1823 1813 to 1823 1814 to 1816 1816 to 1818 1818 to 1825 1823 to 1828 1824 to 1845 1825 to 1839 1828 to 1829 1829 to 1842 1839 to 1843 1842 to 1849 1843 to 1850 1845 to 1847 1847 to 1852 1849 to 1852 1850 to 1852 of 1852, and PROBATE JUDGES. Daniel Humphrey who served fr Henry Kennon " " WiHiam H. Shircliff " " ¦ Waldo Taylor " " George M. Grasser " " om 1852 to 1858 1858 to 1864 1864 to 1873 1873 to 1876 1876 to SHERIFFS. John Stadden served fro Andrew Baird " Andrew Allison " John Cunningham William W. Gault Elias Howell William Spencer Richard Stadden m 1808 to 1810 1810 to 1814 1814 to 1818 1818 to 1822 1822 to 1826 1826 to 1830 1830 to 1834 1834 to 1838 LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 29 William P. Morrison served from 1838 to 1840 Caleb Boring " " 1840 to 1844 William Veach " " 1844 to 1848 William Parr " " 1848 to 1852 William BeU " " 1852 to 1854 Hiram Tenney " " 1854 to 1859 WilHam Bell •' " 1859 to 1863 Jonathan E. Rankin " " 1863 to 1867 Jeremiah Siler " " 1867 to 1871 Elisha Williams " " 1871 to 1875 S. H. Schofield " " 1875 to 1876 CLERKS OF COMMON PLEAS COURT. Samuel Bancroft served from 1808 to 1809 Stephen McDougal " " 1809 to 1816 Amos H. Caffee " " 1816 to 1837 Franklin Fullerton " " 1837 to 1844 Gilbert Brady " " '. . .' .1844 to 1852 William Spencer " " ..1852 to 1855 Rees Darlinton " " 1855 to 1858 Thomas J. Anderson " " 1858 to 1864 Samuel A. Parr " " 1864 to 1870 Isaac W. Bigelow " " 1870 to 1876 Sylvester S. WeHs " ". 1876 to PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. From 1808 to 1832, Prosecuting Attorneys were appointed by the Judges. Among those who in early times served in this office for a longer or shorter period, were Major Jeremiah R. Munson, General Samuel Herrick, Hons. Thomas Ewing, WilHam Stanbery, Hosmer Curtis, Charles B. Goddard and Corrington W. Searle, whose term ended in 1832. Joshua Mathiot served from 1832 to 1836 1836 to 1840 1840 to 1850 1850 to 1853 1853 to 1856 1856 to 1858 1858 to 1863 1863 to 1863 James Parker " Daniel Humphrey " Charies Follett Harvey C. Blackman WiUiam B. Clarke " Gibson Atherton " Lucius Case " 30 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Morgan N. OdeU served from • 1863 to 1867 James W. Owens " " 1867 to 1871 Samuel M. Hunter " " 1871 to 1875 Asbury Barrick " " 1875 to 1876 COUNTY RECORDERS. Thomas Taylor served Amos H. Caffee " Stephen McDougal " Gilbert Brady James Parker " James White " Thomas J. Anderson Jesse S. Green " Isaac W. Bigelow " W. E. Atkinson J. F. Lingafelter " from 1808 to 1814 1814 to 1820 1820 to 1842 1842 to 1844 1844 to 1845 .1845 to 1851 1851 to 1857 1857 to 1863 1863 to 1869 1869 to 1875 1875 to 1876 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Archibald Wilson, Sr., served Elisha Wells Israel WeUs Timothy Spellman " WiUiam Hains " Samuel Stewart " Bradley Buckingham " Augustine Munson " WiUiam Stanbery " WiUiam W. Gault Alexander Holden " William Robertson " Thomas McKean Thompson Jacob Baker " Alexander Holden " Richard Lamson " Chester WeUs " John Crow " Samuel Parr " from 1808 to 1814 " 1808 to 1810 " 1808 to 1811 " 1810 to 1822 " 1811 to 1813 " 1814 to 1815 " 1814 to 1814 " 1814 to 1816 " - 1815 to 1817 " 1816 to 1816 " 1817 to 1820 " 1817 to 1820 " 1822 to 1825 " 1823 to 1828 " 1824 to 1827 " 1825 to 1827 " 1827 to 1833 " 1827 to 1831 " 1828 to 1832 LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. James Bramble served from 1831 to 1834 John Crow " " 1832 to 1835 Samuel Hand " " 1833 to 1839 Benjamin Woodbury " 1834 to 1837 Jacob Baker " " 1835 to 1837 Israel Dille " " 1837 to 1837 Levi J. Haughey " " . 1837 to 1837 Bryant ThornhiU " " 1837 to 1843 Archibald Cornell " " 1837 to 1843 Thomas H. Fidler " " i839-to 1841 Isaac Gi-een " " 1841 to 1841 Carey McClelland " " 1841 to 1845 Henry Burner, Jr., " " 1841 to 1844 Crandal Rosencrantz " 1843 to 1843 Thomas Blanchard " " 1843 to 1852 John Brumback " " 1844 to 1850 Leroy Lemert " " 1845 to 1848 Jordan HaU " " 1848 to 1851 Daniel Gardner " " 1850 to 1855 Benj. L. Critchet " " 1851 to 1854 Lewis Lake " " 1852 to 1855 WiUis Robbins '• " 1854 to 1857 Valentine B. Alsdorf " 1855 to 1856 William Barrick " " 1855 to 1858 James Stone " " ! 1856 to 1S58 Michael Morath " " 1857 to 1863 Jacob Anderson " " 1858 to 1861 James H. Grant " " * 1858 to 1865 Ira A. Condit " " 1861 to 1S67 James Pittsford " " 1863 to 1869 James Y. Stewart " " 1865 to 1871 A. J. HiU " " '1867 to 1873 EUas Padgett " " 1869 to 1875 Richard Lane " " 1871 to 1876 Felix C. Harris " " 1874 to 1876 Joseph White " " 1875 to 1876 t CLERK OF COMMISSIONERS. From 1S08 to 1820 the Commissioners appointed their Clerks, who discharged the duties now performed by County Auditors. The 32 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF office of Clerk of Commissioners was abolished in 1820 and that of County Auditor created. Elias Gilman served as Commissioner's Clerk from. . . . 1808 to 1809 Archibald Wilson, Jr., served from 1809 to 1811 John Cunningham " " 181 1 to 1813 Amos H. Caffee " " 1813 to 1820 COUNTY AUDITOUS. William W. Gault served from 1820 to 1820 Stephen McDougal " '' 1S20 to 1825 John Cunningham " " 1825 to 1835 William Spencer " " 1835 to 1841 WiUiam P. Morrison " " 1841 to 1844 Abner W. Dennis " " 1844 to 1853 Thomas J. Davis " " 1S53 to 1855 William B. Arven " " 1855 to 1857 Thomas J. Davis " " 1857 to 1859 Wm. H. Winegardner " " 1859 to 1861 SUas B. Woolson " " 1861 to 1865 WUHam Bell, Jr., " " 1865 to 1871 WUliam D. Morgan " " 1871 to 1875 Corrington S. Brady " '- 1875 to 1876 COUiNTY ASSESSORS. From the year 1808 to 1825, property was assessed by Township Assessors. In the latter year a law was passed providing for the elec tion of County Assessors by the people, which remained in force un- dl 1 84 1 when it was repealed and the old system of Township Assessors again adopted. The foUowing persons served as County Assessors under the law of 1825: James Holmes served from 1825 to 1827 C. W. Searle and M. M. Caffee served in 1827 William Spencer served from 1827 to 1829 J. B. W. Haynes " " 1829 to 1833 John Stewart " " ig^^ to 1835 William Moats " " 1835 to 1841 COUNTY TAX COLLECTORS. Tax Collectors were appointed by the Commissioners. From 1808 to 1827 they collected the taxes and paid them over to the LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 33 County Treasurer for disbursement. In 1827 the office was aboHsh- ed and the duty of collecting the taxes was imposed upon the Treasurer. John Stadden served from 1808 to 1810 John Cunningham " " 1810 to 1812 James Robinson " " 1812 to 1812 John Cunningham " " 1812 to 1813 Andrew AlHson " " 1813 to 1S16 Jonathan Simpson " " 1816 to 1817 Jacob Little " " 1817 to 1818 John Cunningham " " 1818 to 1820 Nicholas Shaver " " 1820 to 1822 , Thomas Taylor " " . 1822 to 1823 Samuel Bancroft " " . . . '. 1823 to 1824 Elias HoweU " " 1824 to 1827 COUNTY TREASURERS. Elias Gilman served from 1808 to 1810 John J. Brice " " 1810 to 1813 John Cunningham " 1813 to 1817 James Gillespie " " 1817 .to 1827 Sereno Wright " " 1827 to 1838 Jesse D. Arven " " 1838 to 1840 John Stewart " " 1840 to 1842 WilHam Moats " " 1842 to 1844 Thomas Holmes " " 1844 to 1852 Thomas Ewing " " 1852 to 1856 I. C. BaU " " . . . . '. 1856 to 1858 Thomas B. Pease " " 1858 to 1862 Lewis Evan's " " 1862 to 1866 D. E. Stevens " " 1866 to 1870 L. A. Stevens " " 1870 to 1874 E. H. Ewan " " .• 1874 t6 1877 MARSHALS OR CENSUS-TAKERS. Amos H. Caffee enumerated the inhabitants in ; . . . 1820 Benjamin Briggs and Samuel EngHsh took the Census in. . ; . . . 1830 Isaac Smucker, Henry S. Manon, J. A. W. McCadden and H. W. R. Bruner performed that duty in ¦ . . . . 1840 34 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Enoch Wilson, E. B. Pratt, Hiram Wright and David Wilson were the Deputy Marshals in 18501 Levi J. Haughey, Henry S. Manon, B. Sutton, James Pitzer and J. M. McClelland took the Census in i860 C. B. Giffin, J. E. Rankin, Stewart Barnes, Aurelius BaUou and others enumerated the inhabitants in 1870 COUNTY SURVEYORS. Elnathan Schofield, Samuel H. Smith and James Dunlap per formed the duties of Surveyor, while we were a portion of Fairfield County; the first named serving from iSoi to 1804 Samuel H. Smith served from 1804 to 1S07 James Dunlap " " 1807 to 1812 Alexander Holmes " " 1812 to 1S20 James Holmes " " 1820 to 1828 Thomas H. Bushnell " "" 1828 to 1836 Timothy S. Leaeh " " 1836 to 1847 Julius C. Knowles " " 1847 to 1850 David Wyrick " " 1850 to 1859 Z. H. Denman " " 1859 to 1865 G. S. Spring " " 1S65 to 1867 A. R. Pitzer '- " 1867 to 1S74 George P. Webb " " 1S74 to 1876 COUNTY CORONERS. Captain Samuel EUiott was elected Coroner at the organization of the County in 180S and served nearly a >;core of years, when his son, Alexander Elliott, succeeded and continued in the office by many re-elections. Captain James Coulter, Captain Samuel H. Josephs and John Lunceford were the immediate successors of the Elliotts. NUMBER OF INII.\BITAXTS. T'be following table gives the loopulation of Licking- CounU at each decennial period, according to the federal Census tables, since the organization of the County, also of Newark: Iij 1810—^ 3--8^2. Newark about 200. Iu 1S2C — 11.861, " " 450. In 1S30 — 20.869, ' bad 999. In 1840—35,096, " " 2.705. LICKINO COUNTY, OHIO^. 35- In 1850-38.846. " ," 3.654. In i860 — 37.011. " " 4.675. In 1870—36.196. " " 6.698. ' LANDS AND) FARMS. The lands in Licking County amount to 429,464 acres, of which 315.454 acres are cultivated, and 111.861 acres are uncultivated. Of the cultivated portion 124.134 acres are devoted to pasturage, and of the uncultivated portion 94.195 acres are woodland. The whole number of farms in the County is 2,692. The taxable value of the lands is $15,729,783. TOTAL TAXABLE VALUE OF LICKING COUNTY PROPERTY, The taxabl'e value of the property of Licking County, last year, amounted to $27,088,271. The true value, including all the property exempt from taxation, and estimating the remainder at its full value, would probably exceed $40,000,000. The total amount of taxes col lected in Licking County last year was $320,397.89 cents. DOMESTIC ANIMALS. The following table gives a list of the domestic animals in Lick' ing County, and their assessed value, for the year 1875. ¦ Horses. . 12.550 — valued at $838,514 Catde . . 23.489— " " 507-954 Swine . . 26.854 — " " I35-H4 Sheep. .240.771 — " " , 771.927 Mules.. 186— " "...; 12-793 The Wool produced aggregated i. 091. 677 pounds, a quantity surpassing that of any County in Ohio, and perhaps any County in the United States. It is a matter of pride and exultation with our agriculturalists that Licking County stands first in rank among the Counties of Ohio, in the number and A'alue of Sheep, and in the quantity and value of wool produced. PRODUCTS OF LICKING COUNTY IN 1874. Wheat 27.039 acres, producing 353j054 bushels. Corn 1 46,866 " " 2,000,009 Oats 10,434 " " 152*873 36 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Rye 1,140 " " 9>595 Buckwheat.... 552 " " 5,839 " Barley 36 " " 1,625 Timothy 29,931 " " 23,177 Tons of hay. Clover '. 4,597 " " 3,866 " " " Flax. .,. 144 " " 985 bushels seed. Clover Seed 1,722 " Potatoes. 1,591 " " 110,420 bushels. Sweet Potatoes 11 " " • 850 " Sorghum .... 122 " " 9,500 gaUons syrup. Maple Sugar. 4,521 pounds of sugar and 7,103 gallons of molasses. - Meadow 341528 acres, producing 27,043 tons of hay, and 1,722 bushels of clover seed. VINEYARDS. Grapes — 11 acres producing 44,875 pounds of grapes, and 206 gallons of wine. :•¦ ORCHARDS. In 1874 there were 6,475 ^cres devoted to fruit culture, produc ing 193,836 bushels of apples; 20,361 bushels of peaches; and 1,887 bushels of pears, besides quinces, plums, cherries, and other fruits. DAIRY PRODUCTS. Our dairy products in 1874, amounted to 9,500 pounds of cheese, and 881,888 pounds of butter. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing estabUshments in Licking County, number 124, in which are employed 696 workmen — the capital invested there in is $705,085, and the products last year amounted to $1,236,198. TURNPIKE AND CANAL. Twenty-five miles of turnpike, being the Nadonal Road, running through our County, near its southern borders, and the same num ber of mUes of the Ohio Canal, both constructed between the years LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 37 1825-1835, are the sum total of those kinds of internal improvements within the limits of Licking County. RAIL ROADS. There are in Licking County 67 miles of Rail Road, as follows: Straitsville Division of the Baltimore and Ohio road 10 miles. Central Ohio " " " " " " 33 " Northern " " " " " " '. .13 " Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Ran Road 12 " Total 67 miles; to which will be added, at an early day, some 30 miles of the Atlantic and Lake Erie Rail Road, now in rapid process of comple tion through our County, then making the whole number of miles of Rail Road in Licking County but little less than 100. EDUCATIONAL. Thirteen thousand two hundred and seventy-one (13,271) pupils were enumerated, and 10,411 were enroUed during the last year, in the Common Schools of Licking County. The number of School Houses within the County is 210, having an estimated value of $148,575. The list of School Houses includes the Union or High School edifices of Newark, Granville, Utica, and other places of minor importance. They range in value from a very few hundred dollars, to $20,000, several in Newark exceeding in value the latter sum. The number of teachers employed during the last year was 418,(167 males, and 251 females,) who received for their services $58,801. The total school tax raised during the year was $77,300. . We have also, two Female Seminaries and one College, (Denison University,) in all of which many hundreds of our youth of both sexes, have been educated during the last forty years. Many of the graduates of these very respectable institutions of learning attained to a high degree of Scholanship* and distinction in Literature, the Arts and Sciences. Not a few of those who obtained their parch ments from the last named institution reached eminent positions at the Bar, in the Pulpit, in Legislative Halls, in Senate Chambers, on the Judicial Bench, in Learning, in Science, Belles-Lettres and in various learned professions and pursuits. And perhaps no less learned were the numerous Seminary graduates, and certainly not less successful 38 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF were they in the profession of Teaching, and in other pursuits in which they employed their talents and education. Those Seminaries and College are located in Granville, and have had a long and successful career. The latter has a history that ex tends through forty-five years — the former not so long. OUR SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, LITERARY AND BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. We have also not been tardy in establishing organizations other than Colleges, Seminaries, and Schools, to promote Social, Literary and Benevolent interests. Of this class are the Masonic, and Odd Fellows Lodges, found in every section of our County, and the less numerous lodges of Good Templars, Divisions of Sons of Tem perance, of lodges of Red Men, of Knights of Pythias, of the Order of United American Mechanics, of Druids, of Literary Societies, of Debating and Library Associations, of Reading and Social Clubs, of Musical Coteries, of Teachers Institutes and of other institutions of kindred character. Mention may appropriately be made, in this connection, of the Licking County Pioneer, Historical and Anti quarian Society, whose opportunities tend to mental and moral im provement. The officers are as follows: President — Presley N. O'Banon. Vice Presidents — Thomas J. Anderson, M. M. Munson, and Daniel Forry. Recording Secretary — Isaac Smucker. Corresponding Secretary — C. B. Giffin. Treasurer — Enoch WUson. Chaplain — Rev. George Sinsabaugh. It was organized in 1867, and has been eminently successful in collecting and recording the facts of our early-time history, and pre serving them from being utterly lost; and it has been no less success ful in its literary achievements and its historical contributions, than in its devotion to Aixhseological or Prehistoric interests. granges — farmer's clubs — agricultural societies. And then too, we have organizations whose chief purposes are the cultivation of the social quaHties and the promotion of the material interests of the people. Of this class is that known as the Patrons of Husbandry, (whose members are designated as Grangers,) which has its subordinate institutions throughout the County generally; LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 39 Farmers' Clubs, local or sectional Agricultural Societies, such as those of Hartford and Pataskala, and last but not least, the Licking County Agricultural Society, under whose auspices we are now holding this Centennial meeting, and which is soon to hold its twenty-ninth Annual Meeting, are preeminently of this class of insti tutions. And no less so was the predecessor of the latter, and which as the Licking County Agricultural Society, held its first Fair or Annual meeting in 1833. The writer takes some pride in mention ing this, our original Agricultural Society, as he was a member of it and an exhibiter also, for many years, perhaps during the entire period of its existence. Of many certificates of good workmanship received from it, he has one bearing date November first and second, 1838, being its sixth Annual Fair, and signed by Thomas W.Wilson, President, and Israel Dille, Secretary. This certificate serves as a relic of the time when all of us that are now old -were young, and as a reminder oT the early efforts made to promote Manufacturing, Mechanical and Agricultural interests in Licking County. The Licking County Agricultural Society is one of the fixed institutions of Licking County, having had an existence of a fair measure of prosperity of forty-four years, (including an interregnum of a few years,) and having still the promise of a prosperous Future. Its officers for the Centennial year are as follows: Preside.nt — -James Pittsford. Vice President — -James M. Kirkpatrick. Secretary^ — Edward Thomas. Treasurer — David .Smith. Directors — S. F. Van Vorhis, Francis Burkam, A. T. How land, A. Weiant, J. N. Lawyer, S. Hoskinson, John M. Montgomery, H. L. Reed, M. D. Hartshorn. REVIEW. I have thus taken a cursory glance at the evidences of material prosperity which Licking County presents; also at the Educational efforts made by the people; and no less, at the numerous, and more or less efficient organizations established all over the County, to pro mote the practice of the social and moral virtues. It therefore only remains, that I present, in this connection to you, a list of the various church edifices now existing in Licking county, (of which there are one hundred and thirty- eight, ) the Townships in which they are located, and the various religious denominations to which they be- 40 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF long, the number of Christian Societies, represented in Licking County, by one or more church buildings, being twenty-six, eleven of them having each only one edifice, the others being divided among the remaining fifteen denominations, forty being the highest number, owned by any one, that being the Episcopal Methodist. NUMBER, DENOMINATION AND LOCATION OF CHURCH EDIFICES IN- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. Kank in Numbers '¦"¦ ^r; O C3 P t^ o O o 0 B cr D- o o ty ^ o o 5' o w t3 p t-< a& PT' o TOWNSHIPS. 1 2 3 4- S 6 7 8 9 ion 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2fi f^ W T a o c ^ c t-i O r r^ O -^ :^ ^ Cl (-" >|C0 Q »> br W <7> *r! i» r. "! -( OaCD cr3 5 1 a a cro a 5'a Ci < o C5 a a' oao 5" ¦-^ a a c- •< a a a 1 Sig- m ¦a ffi gp 3 cro 0)a cr o a a cr 5-cr z p. o P o'a o S 3a iii P': 3 : crO ffi ;3 a ¦ r a Ho4 No. 1. Bennington 3 2 1 "i 1 r 2 1 1 f\ 2, Bowling Green 1 1 1 J ¦••|- K 3. Burlington '-1 4. Eden ? ]11 1 .i 5, Etna 1] 1 ] 2 2: 2 "i 1 "i 1 1 5 1 «. Fallsbury 7. Franklin 1 ) •^ 8. Granville 2 "i 1 1 1 1 11 "i 1 1 ] .... 7 9, Hanover i 1 2 10. Hartford : 1 1 1, 11. Harrison •^ 12. Hopewell •i 13. Jersey 1 1 1 .- ] 1 85 U, Liberty 1 li. Licking 1 1 11 2 16, Lima "2 "i 1 1 1 7 17, Mary Ann S 18. MoKean 2 221 2 I 2 1 1 2 "i 1 1 1 2 19 "i "2 19. Monroe li 20. Madison 1 1 1 1 5 15 "2 2 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 22, Newton 23. Perry 1 ¦ 3 ,5 G is 24. Bt, Albans 1 1 2.5, Union "i 13 il 11 2 1 26. Washington 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7I5 5 4 3 3 j; 2 2 2 1 1 Total number of Church edifices in Licking County, Ohio, is 138; their total valuadon being $300,000, and supposed to furnish sittings for 20,000 persons. The Methodists were the first denomination to organize, being in 1S04; the Congregationalists were the second, being in 1805; the Baptists and Presbyterians the next, being in 1808; the Covenanters organized in 1813; the Lutherans in 1817. The others afterwards. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 41 OUR PIONEERS — THER CHARACTERISTICS. The Pioneer inhabitants of Licking County were not a homo geneous people, but were composed of a number of diflferent nation alities, and of immigrants from many different States of the Union, and from various sections of our country. North and South Caro lina, Maryland and Virginia were the chief Southern States that con tributed settlers to our County, the two latter most largely. Pennsyl vania certainly furnished her full quota to our stock of early-time inhabitants — perhaps more in the aggregate, than any other single State. Massachusetts and Connecticut did their share, and so did Wales; and the German speaking countries of Europe, (although the Teutonics came somewhat later,) furnished us with more than a tithe of our present population. The proportion of German and Welsh residents of Licking County may be approximately inferred, by the number of religious organizations maintained by them, respectively: the Germans having six, and the Welsh five. The other one hundred and twenty-seven were established by the English speaking races. Only three languages, therefore, are employed in the pulpit ministrations of our County, except what of the Latin language is used in the Catholic Churches. Our first settlers were, for the most part, a hardy, vigorous race of inen,and eminently adapted to the circumstances which characterize life on the frontiers. Some, on emergencies, made out to live, for a short time, in hollow sycamores, many domiciled in small huts built of saplings or poles, whilst most of them lived in log-cabins covered with clab-boards, A few were able to secure hewed log-houses with shingle roofs. Constant labor, unremitting toil, much exposure, and many privations and perils were their lot; but they endured all cheer fully, nobly. They perseveringly felled the forest, they tilled with persistence and energy, the half cleared fields around their cabins; they braved with courage and hope, the perils and privations incident to their condition, and their successors have entered into the enjoy ment of those eariy years' toils, exposures and struggles, luxuriating in elegant and well-furnished frame houses, or in more substantial and stately brick or stone edifices. And what further of the descendants, the posterity of the Pioneers? Let the annual products of our County, their horSes, their cattle, their sheep and swine, their corn and wheat, their wool and manufactures, the payment by them annually, of more than three hundred thousand dollars of taxes, answer for their industry, their 42 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF frugality, their prosperit}'. Let the forty millions of the estimated value of their property respond as to their material wealth — their financial condition. Let their University, their Seminaries, their half dozen or more Union Schools, their two hundred and ten School houses answer as to their estimate of educational interests. Let the aggregate amount of their associated efforts, looking to the improve ment of their material condition, to the cultivation of the social virtues, to the training of the intellectual faculties, to the promotion of Benevo lence, to the practice of Charity, and all the moral virtues, speak out their appreciation of those qualities that largely constitute the elements of genuine manhood. And further in this connection, let the one hundred and thirty-eight churches they have erected, indicate to the world the measure of importance they attach to Bible instruc tion — the value they place upon the ministrations of the Christian Pulpit — the importance they attach to the inculcation of the moral virtues^ — the obligations they acknowledge thereby, to perpetuate the Christian Institutions established by their fathers — and their appreci ation of the duty to cherish the graces pertaining to the Higher Life. incidents. In the further development of our County's history, I present very briefly a few prominent incidents, facts, and events that are part and parcel of the history of our County, followed by very short personal sketches of those who exerted a potential influence in the formation of our habits, customs and general line of tliought, and thus intimately connected themselves, for good or evil with our County's history. JUDGE ELLIOTT AND THE INDI.-VNS. Towards the close of the last century, an adventurous young Pennsylvanian, of more than ordinary enterprise located himself as an Indian trader, on the point of high land that juts out into the first bottom of the Licking Valley, known as Montour's Point, and upon which stands the mansion of Charles Montgomery, four miles East of Newark, near the Bowling Green Run, and also in sight of where after wards Hughes and Rathff' buUt their cabins. Montour's Point was named in honor of the Seneca Indian, Andrew Montour, whose name will be recaUed as that of the companion of Christopher Gist in his LICKING COUNTY, Otild, 43 Western travels in 1751. Here Elliott, the trader, had temporarily established himself in a small hut or wigwam, for money-making purposes, as a dealer in such goods as he might be able to trade to- the Indians of the village adjoining, and to such casual wanderers as might come along, for their skins and peltry. Elliott prospered for a time, but one day a friendly squaw notified him of a plot that had been concocted by some Indians to take his scalp and appropriate his effects. He took in the situation at a glance, and with commendable haste, gathered together his most valuable trinkets and furs, and secretly mounting his horse, made, with all possible speed, upon the most direct " trail," for the white settlements on the East side of the Ohio river! The savages were in hot pursuit of him, nearly the en tire distance, and he .barely escaped with his life. The thievish Indians confiscated his goods which in his haste, he left behind, but they never secured his scalp. Elliott was probably the first merchant within the territory now composing Licking County, and Archibald Wilson, Jr., was the second. Elliott, afterw^ards known as Judge Elliott, was the father of the late Benjamin EUiolt, of Newton Town ship. ELIAS HUGHES AND THE INDIAN HORSE THIEVES. In 1801, several Indians went to the Bowling Green and stole four horses, owned respectively by Hughes, Ratliff", Bland and Weedman. Next morning the pursuit of the thieves was commenced by the three first named with the avowed intention to kill them, if possible, where- ever found. The result was the Indian thieves were overtaken the next morning on the banks of the Owl Creek, and killed, the horses were recovered and a speedy and safe return was effected by the pursuers. Retaliation was anticipated, and to meet the emergency the cabin of Hughes was so strengthened as to serve the purpose of a block-house, btit there was no attack. One evening, however, after the excitement had measurably subsided, two well-armed Indians entered Hughee' cabin, and in a menacing manner introduced the matter of killing those horse thieves. Bloody work seemed im minent and Ratliff w^as sent for who instantly responded, rifle in hand. Hughes always had a butcher-knife in his belt and Jiis trusty rifle was at hand! An all-night interview between the backwoodsmen and the infuriated red men, who were sometimes engaged in spirited discussions,was the only result, the latter deeming it expedient to retire 44 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OP at early dawn, without any hostile act, and never repeated the visit or sought revenge. ' Elias Hughes was a man of marked characteristics. He had determination, self-will and firmness, even to mulishness, when the Red Skins were in question. When he said a thing must be done, and he could do it, or cause it to be done, why then it was done. He had decided that the horse thief Indians must be killed and they were. To be overtaken in this case was to be killed! AN EARLY-TIME SUNDAY IN NEWARK. In the Summer of 1803, Rev. John Wright a young Presbyterian Minister who was in the service of the Western Missionary Society, visited Newark. He came on Saturday and arranged for preaching two sermons the next day. During the forenoon services, a horse race was in progress, which attracted much the largest number of the village and surrounding country people. In the afternoon how ever, the horse-racers to a great extent, and others attended, making a very respectable congregation, for numbers, at least. The Minis ter gave them a sharp pointed discourse on the observance of the Sabbath which elicited commendatory remarks, at its close, from one of the audience at whose suggestion the hat was passed around which resulted in a collection of seven dollars. In 1804 Rev. John Wright located in Fairfield County, and ministered to a few scattered Presbyterians for two years. These he gathered into the Lancaster and Rush Creek Churches in 1806, and being not far off, he often visited and preached in Newark. He re mained in Lancaster more than thirty years, and died in Delphi, Indiana, August 31, 1854, aged 77 years. ENEMIES OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. Our early setders found formidable enemies in the venomous serpents as well as the wild animals and ferocious beasts of the forest, and in the birds of prey that abounded while yet this country was a wilderness. Serpents were most to be feared by man, but wild beasts were the natural enemies of young domestic animals, and birds of prey of the« poultry of the pioneers. The ratde-snake, the copper head, the viper were most dangerous, but the black-snake, the .garter- snake and the water-snake were probably the most numerous. They often entered the cabins and beds of the settlers, and were a serious LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 45 annoyance, many persons and domestic animals being bitten by them. They were of large size, one rattle-snake having been killed, down the Licking, which was five feet in length, three inches thick and had thirty-one rattles. A den of snakes on the south side of the Licking became so annoying in 1803 that the settlers resorted to gun powder to destroy them. So numerous were snakes about Granville, when first settled, and so formidable an enemy to man were they, that the settlers fre quently turned out in force to kill them. On one occasion the people there organized a general Snake hunt by appointing Elias Gilman and Justin Hillyer Captains, and it is said that the result of the days' hunt was the destruction of about three hundred rattle-snakes and copperheads. In the Autumn of 1805, Jacob Wilson, living within a mile of Newark, was suddenly caUed to the door of his cabin, by the com motion among his swine and pigs. A huge panther had just seized a pig, and when in the act of making off with it, was pursued and treed by the dogs, not far from the cabin. The Pioneer at once seized his trusty rifle and brought it to bear upon the ferocious beast, which, at the first fire fell at the roots of the tree among the dogs. ^ One day during the same year, two of the chUdren of General John Spencer, were playing in the yard of the cabin at the "Big Spring," when a huge bear came along and seized a pig near them and made oft' with it. Had Bruin selected the youngest of those chUdren instead of the pig, the career of the late Colonel WilHam Spencer would have been cut short. Wolves too, were sometimes a troublesome enemy, and one to be dreaded by man. I give the following incident in illustration of this fact. It is related of a son of Theophilus Rees, that on one occasion when some ways from the house, in the night-time, a pack of wolves followed, surrounded and treed him, and then deliberately proceeded to gnaw at the tree which was only a small one, while he was perched upon one of its lower limbs. The unusually fierce howHngs of the hungry and ravenous beasts attracted the attention of some persons in a cabin within hearing distance, who opportunely went to the re lief of the young man. On frequent occasions, in the night season, hungry wolves would encounter persons passing from one cabin to another, whose only relief depended upon making themselves heard so as to be rescued by friends armed with torches or guns. These and similar incidents, tend to show the condidon of things 46 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF during the first half of the Centennial period we are now closing. Now man finds no enemy in either serpents, beasts or birds. THE GRANVILLE COLONY'S FIRST SABBATH IN THE WILDERNESS. The Granville Colony held public religious services on the first Sabbath after their arrival, namely, on the i6th of November, 1805. Theophilus Rees, a first-class Welsh settler of 1802, lived a mile or more North of the point selected for their village by the New England immigrants, and of whose arrival he had not heard. On this Sabbath he sallied forth to look after his cows that had strayed away. On nearing the top of a hill, he heard the singing of the people, at this their first public worship in the wilderness. Judge of his astonish ment when the reverberations of that unexpected music reached his ears through the tree-tops in the vaUeys and on the hills that surround ed him. The impression produced by the melodious but unheralded strains of those grateful worshipers in Nature's Temple, was as favorable upon the mind of the devout Pioneer of the Hills, as the surprise was sudden and profound, and served as a topic of frequent remark, in after years, with the Patriarch of the Welsh people in Licking County, even to the close of the honored veteran's useful and valuable life. And it is no marvel that he who so unexpectedly and suddenly came within hearing of the sweet sounds of that sacred music coming from human voices, should promptly decide that those worshipers in the wilderness " must be good people." Certainly it was quite natural that those charming strains, so plaintively, it may be so spiritedly, echoed and re-echoed through those " grand old woods" should impress him so favorably as that the relation of the incident would, thereafter, be enjoyed as a luxury. THE FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION IN NEWARK, IN 1807. One of the first celebrations of American Independence, perhaps the very first that took place in Licking County was that of 1807. It was held on the North side of the Public Square, the dinner being the joint production of Maurice Newman and Abraham Johnson, the two tavern-keepers of Newark. A hog, sheep and deer, well roast ed, graced the table. The hog had an ear of corn in its mouth and was trimmed with lettuce; the sheep had a bunch of fennel in its mouth and was trimmed with parsley; and the deer which was kiUed for the occasion by Hananiah Pugh, was decorated with leaves, vines LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 47 and flowers from the forest. Captain Archibald Wilson, Sr., was President of the day; Rev. John Emmett, a Methodist preacher was Chaplain on the occasion, and Dr. John J. Brice read the Declaration of Independence. The oration was prepared by Archibald Wilson, Jr., but was read by Dr. John J. Brice, owing to the sickness of the author. The military, under the command of Captain John Spencer, were present in force, and fired voUies in response to the toasts. The best of feeling characterized the occasion, which was finally brought to a close with a ball at night. Archibald Wilson, Jr., by reason of a fall from his horse a few days before, could not be present to deliver the oration in person. He was the first merchant that established himself in Newark, which was in 1804 or 1805. Mr. Wilson's manuscripts were almost as neat as copper-plate engraving, and the aforesaid oration would be a relic of rare value. He had a collegiate education and possessed consider able ability. Mr. Wilson served during the war of 1812 on the staff of General Gaines on our Northern frontiers, in which service his health was greatly impaired. He afterwards devoted himself to school teaching. He was a brother of Enoch Wilson and of the late Dr. J. N. Wilson, Archibald Wilson, Sr., being their father. AN INCIDENT OF 181O. William Kinning, a Scotch batchelor, reputed to have some means, boarded with a family that lived in the North Fork Valley in 1810, eight iniles above Newark. While in the act of crossing the North Fork on a log, near the present viUage of St.Louisville, he re ceived a rifle ball in his body, which it was long supposed would prove fatal, but he ultimately recovered. Tracks on the snow and other circumstances pointed to a man living in that vicinity by the name of Hoyt, as the would-be assassin. The suspected culprit fled but was pursued, captured and imprisoned in the Newark jail. William Stanbery, then a rising young lawyer, of Newark in the second year of his practice in Licking County, was engaged to defend Hoyt, but before the day set for his trial arrived, he broke jail and fled to parts unknown, and so far as is known, never return ed to our County; indeed he was never heard from afterwards! This incident brings upon the surface three young men each of whom had then just fairly entered upon his public career, and all of whom sub sequently attained to a good degree of professional distinction. Those were Rev. James B. Finley, Dr. John J. Brice and Hon. WiUiam 48 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Stanbery; the first named being then an itinerant Methodist minister in our County, it being the second year of his itinerancy; the second named gentleman being the physician who applied the skill of the Iiealing art upon Kinning to his recovery and final restoration to health, and the last named as already stated, who recently deceased at the ripe age of 85 years. Rev. J. B. Finley heard the report of Hoyt's gun, and the screams of his poor victim — he was also witness to the agony of the supposed dying man and ministered to his spiritual comfort in his extremit}'! JOHNNY APPLESEED AND CHAPLAIN JONES. Our early settlers were frequently honored with the visits of an eccentric visionary who was generally called "Johnny Appleseed." He acquired this nick-name from the singular habit he had of going to a point East of the Ohio river and collecting quantities of apple- seeds and then planting them in or a little in advance of the border setdements. He would clear away the rubbish and undergrowth of a small plat of ground, perhaps enclose it with a brush fence, then plant the seeds and leave his embryo nurseries to their fate. The result was that Johnny's well-meant labors seldom came to be of much jDractical utility. Only one nursery was started by him with in the present limits of Licking County, and that was on what is known. as the " ScoUand farm," about three miles in a Northeasterly direction from Newark. It was neglected, the enclosure was broken down and the young apple-trees were browsed upon by animals, so that few of them were ever transplanted. Johnny's true name was Jonathan Chapman, and he was a uati-\-e of New England — a stray Yankee — whose clothing was made of skins, who generally traveled barefooted, slept out of doors when the weather permitted, had strong faith in Emanuel Swedenborg, and who died in AUen County, Indi ana, in 1843. His line of nurseries extended from Western Pennsyl vania, through Ohio and Indiana into lUinois. Chaplain Jones was also an eccentric character who was famUiar with the early setders of Licking County. I have already named him as a sojourner or lodger in the Indian village on the Bowhng Green in 1773. He was of Welsh descent, born in Pennsyl vania in 1736. He became a Baptist preacher in 1761, missionated as such among the Indians of the Northwest in 1772-73, and served as Chaplain in the commands of St. Clair, Gates, and Wayne during the Revolutionary war. He preached the first sermon delivered in the Miami vaUey, at Columbia, in January 1790, and also the first LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 49 Baptist sermon in Granville, which was in 1806. When General Anthony Wayne took command of the Northwestern army in 1792, he appointed bis old friend to a chaplaincy, and he served in that capacity to the close of the war. Early in the war of 1812, he, al though seventy-six years of age, entered the army as a Chaplain, and served under Generals Wilkinson and Brown until the close of the war. His death took place in his native State, February 5, 1820, in his eighty-fourth year. Rev. David Jones, (for that was his name,) was a man of talents and of many singularities. He was a gentleman of the" Old School' in bearing and dress, wearing the buckles on shoes and breeches, the short clothes, the cocked hat, the queue, and it is said, the small cockade, until his death or near it. Chaplain Jones was fond of the "pomp and circumstance of war," and was a true patriot. an EARLY TIME INCIDENT. Andrew Baird served as Sheriff of Licking County from 1810 to 1814. During his term an event transpired which shows that a ruder, a more sanguinary feature, marked the civilization of the first than the last half of this Centennial period. A theft of no great extent had been committed by a man named Courson. He was found guilty, after having had a fair trial, and sentenced to be whipped on his bare back with a cow-hide, and the sentence was carried into effect on the Public Square in the presence of many spectators, by Sheriff Baird. The culprit prepared himself for his punishment by drinking half a pint of whisky. In few, if any States of our Union except Delaware, is such barbarous mode of punishment practiced at the close of the first Centennial of American Independence. THE FAMOUS CIRCULAR HUNT OF 1823. In the early settlement of this County, the people were often very much annoyed by depredations made on their sheepfolds, by the wild beasts of the forest. Among these, wolves were the most desti-uctive, but, writes Rev. Timothy W. Howe, "up to 1823, no general and combined effort had been made to destroy them. Who was the originator of the scheme we are not informed, but in the faU of 1823 the people of the County determined to make an effort to rid the country of this troublesome animal. To make the experiment as so CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF effectual as possible, they determined to surround a specified territory in a methodical and thorough manner, and by inarching and driving them to the center, bring them at last, if not sooner, within the reach of the rifle bullet. "For this purpose, James Holmes, Esq., surveyor of Licking County, was employed to survey, in the Western part of our Count}' a tract of land four miles square. The most of this, if not the whole, was in Harrison Township. The East line was where the road is, running North from Kirkersville, and the South line running West a little North of Mr. Isaac White's dwelling house. This territory was selected on account of its embracing the most of ' Gibbon's Deadening,' as it was familiarly called. There were some fifteen hundred acres in this ' Deadening,' and none of it yet cleared for cultivation. It had been deadened some fifteen or sixteen years, and the second growth of timber was in the very best of condition to be a complete harbor for all kinds of wild animals. So dense was the undergrowth, that it was with difficulty men could pass through it on foot. "A day was appointed, and notice given in all parts of the County for the men to meet at sunrise on that day ready to take their place on the line. Mr. Holmes had run the lines and caused the trees to be blazed, so that the lines were seen. He run lines also diagonally through from corner to corner, so that we should have no confusion or blunder, in gaining the center. He gave notice also more than any other man in the difl'erent sections of the County, to turn out and assist in destroying these pests of civilization. I well remember his pleasant, loud and cheerful voice, as he called to us to be on the ground with promptness — bringing our own dinners, but no whisky. ' No whisky,' said he, ' is to be allowed on the ground.' " By sunrising, on the day appointed, a vast crowd was gathered at the ' old Ward place,' as it was then called, but more recently it has the name of ' the Cheese Farm,' four iniles west of GranviUe, on the Columbus road. This company was to form the East line. "Before separating and being placed on the Hne, hornsmen were appointed who were to be stationed at equal distances around the square, and when the lines were filled on every side, the horns- men were to sound their trumpets, commencing at a given point, and sound around the square to let aU know that the lines were filled. A second sounding of trumpets around was the signal for all to march. Then the excitement commenced. The lines had advanced but a short distance before we began to see the frightened deei" running parallel LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 51 with the line, seeking a place to escape from the terrible enemy, by which they were surrounded. As soon as the deer were seen the guns commenced to crack along the line. Those of us passing through the ' Deadening,' could do little more than prevent the game from passing the lines. The bushes and trees were so thick that it was impossible to see the game so as to shoot twenty yards. The deer before discovering the men on the line would come within thirty or forty feet, and wheel and fly from us. The wolves kept at a greater distance from the lines; they were not seen on the East line until we were out of the 'Deadening,' and in more open woods. Then three were seen about so often, running parallel with the lines, but so far from them that our best shot did not bring them down. When we had gained the open woods and the deer had formed larger flocks, the voUeys fired at them sounded as they do when armies are in battle. As the deer passed along the line, the firing would be continuous, sometimes for minutes in succession. It would be one continued roar of musketry. Thus th6 day passed and few indeed were the intervals when guns could not be heard in one direc tion or another. We were just emerging from the thick undergrowth of the ' Deadening,' when a huge black bear was discovered, making his way in a lazy gallop towards the Southeast corner of the enclosure. No gun was fired at him until he was within twenty or thirty yards of the line. Then simultaneously fifteen or twenty guns were fired and Bruin fell to rise no more. "Froan early in the inarch turkeys were seen flying over the lines like flocks of pigeons. We continued our steady march until we ar rived at the lines indicating a fourth of a mile square. It had been anticipated that it might become necessary to halt before we should reach the center. And so it was. This one-fourth of a mile had been surveyed and the trees blazed with an axe. We halted here, for with all the shooting that had been done, not a single wolf had been killed, and we knew three at least were in the lines; they had become perfectly cowed and now were skulking behind logs and under the bank of the stream that run through the center square. Our center was on 'Grass Lick run' or one of its branches. To kill wolves was now the grand object. The best marksmen were select ed and sent in to do that work. No one on the liHes Was allowed to shoot. We stood almost shoulder to shoulder. I know none who went in except Mr. Leverett Butler and Captain Timothy Spellman. But there were three or four others. An incident occurred while despatching the wolves. Mr. Butler took his brother Henry with 52 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF him to carry the hatchet. Mr. Butler shot one and he fell; his brother sprang to the wolf, straddled him and struck him between the ears three blows, but in the excitement, with the edge, instead of the head of the hatchet. The wolf escaped from him until Leverett could shoot him again. Three marks of the edge of the hatchet were seen between the ears of the wolf when brought to the center, and soon after the skin was dressed -with the hair on, and used as a saddle cloth by. General Augustine Munson. After it was an nounced that there was no more game to be killed, we marched to the center. Perfect order was observed, not a single person appear ed to be disguised by intoxicating liquor, thus evincing that the order to take no ardent spirits to the hunt had been obeyed. No serious casualty occurred during the day, and the highest cheerful glee pre vailed. The game had been brought along as it was killed, and such a sight had never been seen in Licking County, and never -will be again as was presented to our view. There was the large black bear, three wolves, forty-nine deer, sixty or seventy turkeys, and one owl spread on the ground. The next thing was to prepare the spoils for distribution. The bear and deer were skinned and cut up into pieces weighing about four pounds each. The number of pieces -was ascer tained, and it was found there were only one-third enough to give each man a piece. The men were formed into three companies, and they cast lots which company should have the spoils. All appeared satisfied with this arrangement, and at sunset the company dispersed. It was the good luck of General Augustine Munson to draw the bear skin, and he displayed it proudly as the greatest trophy of the day's hunt. The General was one of Licking County's early, energetic, ambitious, enterprising, patriotic Pioneers, and useful citizens, and lived to the age of nearly eighty-five vears, dying at his residence in Granville Township, in 1868. SQJJIRREL HUNTS. Squirrel hunts were also indulged in to a large extent in early times, both as an amusement and as the only means of protect ing the corn crops. The littie destructive creatures sometimes be came very numerous, and in some years were really one of man's most formidable enemies, so that it was indispensable that they should be checked in their depredations; and this could be most effectually done by the combined efforts of the people. The time and place of meeting having been agreed upon beforehand, the LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 53 squirrel-hunters met, divided themselves into two companies, elected a captain for each company and then proceeded to their -day's work. On coming together in the evening and reporting the results of their hunt, it was no unusual thing to find the number of squirrels killed that day by the two companies to number many hundreds, and not unfrequently, running even into the thousands. A MEMORABLE YEAR. The year 1S25 was exceptionally prolific of events of special and general interest in Licking County. Some of these are here describ ed in the order of their occurrence — they were, first, the celebrated Burlington storm which took place on the i8th of May — second, the famous celebration of the 4th of July, at the "Licking Summit," when and where the first shovel-full of earth was thrown out, by Governor De Witt Clinton, of New York, in the construction of the Lake Erie and Ohio Canals-third, the great Camp Meeting held late in September on the borders of the Flint Ridge in Franklin Township — fourt'n, the rather farcical performance and abortive at tempt to hang Peter Diamond sometime in October — and lastly, the great horse-racing carnival at Newark, earl}' in November or late in the preceding month. THE GREAT STORM. "The Burlington Storm commenced," says Howe's history of Ohio, "in the Southeast part of Delaware County, between one and two o'clock in the afternoon of May i8th. After passing for a few iniles upon the surface of the ground, in an Easterly direction, it appeared to rise so high from the earth that the tallest trees were not affected by it, and then again to descend to the earth, and with great ly increased violence and force proceeded through the Townships of Bennington and Burlington, in Licking County, and then passed in to Knox, and thence to Coshocton County. It crossed the road from Newark to Mount Vernon, a short distance above Utica, where its violence was such as to prostrate nearly all the trees, large and small, that stood in its track, which was several hundred yards wide. Its general course was a little North of East. For force and violence of wind, this storm has rarely been surpassed in any country in the same latitude. Forests and orchards were completely uprooted and leveled, buildings blown down and scattered in every direction, por- 54 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OP ' ' T ' '" tions of which being carried by the force of the wind many miles distant. Cattle were lifted from the ground and carried one hundred rods or more. The creek, which had been s-woUen by recent rains, had but little water in its bed after the storm had passed! The roads and fields recently plowed were quite muddy from previous rains, but after the storm had passed by, both roads and fields were clean and dry. Its track through Licking County was from one-third to three-fifths of a mile wide, but increased in width as it advanced to the Eastward. Those who were so fortunate as to be witness of its progress, without being victims of its prey, represent the appearance of the fragments of trees, buildings and limbs high in the air, to re semble large numbers bf birds, such as buzzards or ravens. The ground also seemed to tremble, as is asserted by many credible per sons who were at the time, a mile from the tornado itself. The roar of the wind, the trembling of the ground and the crash of the falling timber and buildings, are represented by all who were w^itnesses as be ing peculiarly dreadful. " Colonel Wright and others, who witnessed its progress think . it advanced at the rate of a mile per minute, and did not last more than a minute and a half or two minutes. The cloud was exceeding ly black, and some times bore hard upon the ground, and at others seemed to rise above the surface. One peculiarity was, that the fallen timbers lay in such confusion, that the course of the storm could not be determined from the position of the fallen trees. " Many incidents are related by the inhabitants calculated to illustrate the power as well as the terror of the storm, among which I select the following: A chain from three to four feet long, and of the size of a common plough-chain, was taken from the ground near the house of John McClintock, and carried about half a mUe and lodged in the top of a sugar tree stub, about twenty-five feet above the ground. An ox belonging to Colonel Wait Wright was carried about eighty rods and left unhurt, although surrounded by the faUen timber, so that it required several hours chopping to release him. A cow was also taken from the same field and carried about forty rods and lodged in the top of a tree, which was blown down, and when found was dead, and about eight feet from the ground. Whether the cow was blown against the tree-top before it was blown down or was lodged in it after it fell, can not be determined. A heavy ox cart was taken from the yard of Colonel Wright and carried about forty rods and struck the ground with such force as to break the axle and entirely to demolish one Wheel. A son of Colonel Wright LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 55 upwards of fourteen years of age, was standing in the house holding the door. The house, which was built of logs, was torn in pieces, and the lad was thrown with such violence across the room as to kUl him instantly. A coat which was hanging in the same room was found in Coshocton County, more than forty miles distant, and was afterwards brought to Burlington, and identified by Colonel Wright's family. Other articles, such as shingles, pieces of timber, and furni ture, were carried twenty and thirty miles. Miss Sarah Robb, about twelve years of age, -was taken from her father's house and carried some distance, she could not tell how far; but when consciousness returned, found herself about forty rods from the house and walking towards it. She was much bruised, but not essentially injured. The family of a Mr. Vance, on seeing the storm approaching, fled from the house to the orchard adjoining. The upper part of the house was blown off and through the orchard; the lower part of the house remained. Two sons of Mr. Vance were killed, one immediately and the other died in a day or two from his wounds. These and the son of Colonel Wright above mentioned, were all the lives known to be lost by the storm. A house built of large logs in which was a family and which a number of workmen had entered for shelter from the storm, raised up on one side and rolled off the place bn which it stood, without injuring any one. A yoke of oxen belonging to WiUiam H. Cooley, were standing in the field, and after the storm were found completely enclosed and covered with faUen timber, so that they were not released until the next day, but were not essentially injured. A black walnut tree, two and a half feet in diameter, which had lain on the ground many years, and had become imbedded in the earth to nearly one-half its size, was taken from its bed and carried across the creek, and left about thirty rods from its former location. A crockery crate, in which several fowls were confined, was carried by the wind several mUes, and, with its contents, set down without injury." THE LICKING SUMMIT CELEBRATION. The most important, event to Newark and to Licking County, that transpired in the year 1825, was the celebration of the 4th of July, at the " Licking Summit," four mUes South of Newark, on the Ohio Canal. An immense throng attended to see De Witt Clinton, of New York, throw out the first shovel-full of earth, in the con struction of the Ohio Canal. Governor Worthington and numerous 56 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF celebrities of this and other States were present. The occasion was characterized by an immense display of MUitary toggery, such as brass buttons, cockades, plumes, sashes, epaulets, and many other fancy trappings that profusely ornamented the outer garments of the military chieftains present. These highly embellished and conspicu ously present gentlemen of the " sword and pistols," were one of the features of this notable day. There was also a great array of inde pendent military companies, called volunteers, who also appeared in their best uniforms. General Edward King, of ChUlicothe, and General Sanderson, our very highly esteemed Pioneer friend of Lan caster, who attained to more than four-score years of age, and whose interesting letter was read at a late meeting of the Licking County Pioneers, were among the most conspicuous mUitary commanders on that celebrated occasion. Our late friends and fello-w citizens Cap tains Merideth Darlington and WUlard Warner, the former of New ark, the latter of Granville, commanded the local or home troops on the occasion. This was the heroic age of Ohio — the age of mUitary glory. Hon. Thomas Ewing, then in the full enjoyment of his great inteUectual powers, was the Orator of the day, and, in the judgment of the great crowd who heard him, he acquitted himself splendidly. Governor Clinton threw out the first shovel-full of earth, in the construction of the Ohio Canal, on that interesting occasion. He had been the projector of the Erie Canal, and had employed his great talents and influence to put the Empire State in the highway to pros perity and wealth, by procuring the adoption of a liberal " Internal Improvement PoHcy." This same policy, sensible and Statesman like he urged upon Ohio, and in consequence thereof, he became very popular ainong its friends here; hence the position of honor assigned to him. The late veteran Pioneer of Licking, Honorable WUHam Stanbery, was elected to the Senate of Ohio, expressly to advocate our Canal poHcy. Governor Worthington and most of the Statesmen of Ohio, held the same views. CAMP MEETING OF 1825. The celebrated Camp Meeting of 1825 was held in Franklin Township, not far from the large stone mound, some eight miles from Newark. The meeting was held in a pleasant and somewhat romantic locality, near the western termination of the Flint Ridge. The weather was delightful— the preaching was good, and the sur- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 57 roundings and incidents of the meeting had a flavor of freshness and novelty about them that rendered the occasion one 3ecidedly enjoy able. A slender, tall, erect, long-visaged grave old man, with elon gated hair that had passed into the last stages of the silver-gray hue, occupied himself conspicuously as the chief sin^ger of the occasion — the venerable leader in the musical department of the devotional exercises. His name was Sigler, I understood, and he sung with spirit, energy and much power of voice. The great congregation joined him, and they made the welkin ring sonorously, whUe singing those fine old Methodist Camp Meeting Hymns. The multitudes gathered for worship from " all the regions round about " in these ancient groves, were greatly moved, yea!^ thrilled by the inspiring notes of the melodious minstrelsy. The reverberations of those sacred songs, as sung by a thousand voices, in the spirited, natural, simple style of our primitive settlers, in those " grand old woods," gave. zest to the enjoyment of the interesting occasion, and the scenes and incidents thereof are doubtless numbered among the pleasanter memories that have been cherished by many, during the passing years of the latter half of our Centennial period. THE HANGING — AND YET NOT HANGING — OF PETER DIAMOND. In 1825, Peter Diamond, a miner at Mary Ann Furnace, was convicted of the murder of one Mitchell, a fellow ore-digger. This man whUe intoxicated and in a fit of passion struck Mitchell, (with whom he was quarreling,) a blow with a gun-barrel across the head, from the effects of which he died. The absence of deliberation made it a crime of a lower grade than murder in the first degree, and he should have been convicted of the second grade of homicide. Hons. Thomas Ewing and William Stanbery defended him with great zeal and abiUty, but he was nevertheless found guilty and sentenced to be hung. The gallows was erected — the grave dug — the coffin made — so was the shroud, and the culprit put inside of it — the crowd collected from far and near — the mihtary were marshaled in large numbers to prevent the escape or rescue of Peter, and to give ECLAT to the interesting occasion, the sermon was^preached — the doctors were on hand to determine when Diamond's pulse ceased its beatings, by reason of the strangling process — and, in short all things were ready, to swing the culprit into eternity, when lo! and behold a dashing horseman came rushing along, crying out at the top of his voice that he had a message from the Governor of the 58 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF State of Ohio! « This proved to be Isaac Cool, who knew well how to act such a part with a flourish. Tlie commander of the troops cleared the track for him, when he, with due regard to style, passed the document with the great seal of the State of Ohio attached, to the Sheriff, which proved to be a respite or suspension of the sentence. This respite resulted at last in a commutation of it to ten years ser vice, for the hero of tiie clay, in the Penitentiary. This respite arrangement of our good old Governor was one that Peter promj)tly acceded to, much to the disgust of a well-sold and greatly-be-fooled crowd, who had, at some expense, and to the neglect of their business and crops, at a very busy season of the year, gathered here in great force, from this and all the adjoining Counties, to witness the death- agonies of a fello-w-being on the gallows, and they could not brook the idea of a disappointment! This is true only of the more brutal, or rabble class of tlie spectators — the better portion were thrilled with joy at the manner of its termination. Farce, just then, was more to their taste than tragedy. The performance came off between Locust and Cliurch streets, and between Third and Fifth streets. The gaUows stood about mid-way between Church and Locust streets, on Fourth street, or a little East of it. This was the nearest the writer ever came to seeing a man "done for," finally, on the scaffold. He offers in mitigation for yielding to the force of tempta tion, the fact that the gaUows was erected within a few rods of his residence; and he may also be permitted to plead his youth, in exten uation of the indiscretion, he being still " in his teens." Diamond's counsel, after the death penalty had been pronounced, prepared and laid before Governor Morrow, the facts in the case, who saw at once that he had been illegally and unjusdy convicted and sentenced; he therefore decided to give him the proper punish ment for his offense, which was one of great enormity, though not the highest crime, nor the crime of \vhich he was found guiltv. As he had committed a great crime, the good Governor thought it besf to give him ten. years in the State's prison, and in addition to put him through the pangs of anticipated throttiing, and to keep the terrors of an ignominious death hanging over him to the last moment; but to stop short of the reality of a death btrangle! HORSE-RACING OF 1S25. The horse-racing of 1S25 was also an event of no smaU magni-" tude, in the estimation of many. The race-course was bounded on LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 59 the North by the Southern portion of the town; on the South by the South Fork; on the East by Fourth street; and on the West by the Raccoon. An immense crowd of people of all colors, sexes, and conditions had coUected. They came from the adjacent Counties, and also from remote parts of the State, as well as from our County. One main race for sweepstakes, was run by three horses named " Ground Hog," " Red Fox," and " Prairie Mule." The first named was a large gray horse, owned in Muskingum, I believe, and was the winner. The "Red Fox" was a small sorrel horse and came in second best; and the "Prairie Mule," owned, I think, in Lancaster, was a small brown animal of nearly the same speed of the " Red Fox." The race was a mile, or perhaps more, to be repeated. Many other races were run, generally for a short distance only, and for small stakes. The accompaniments were a large consumption of whisky and similar fluids — an overloading of many stomachs with ginger-cakes — a considerable nuinber of fisticuffs — much excitement, quarreling and profanity — extensive thimble-rigging and sweat-cloth gambling — pocket-picking and stealing — playing off the grand mother's trick, and other sharp frauds upon the very green ones; and various other grovelling and villainous practices that were in tensely disgusting. THE PATRIOTISM OF LICKING COUNTY. The people of Licking County manifested a commendable degree of patriotism during each of the three wars that our National Government has been engaged in, since the organization of the County. During the war of 1812, four companies at least, were raised for service, although the population did not exceed five thous and. Captain Spencer early entered the service with a company, foUowed by Captains Rose and Sutton, and afterwards Captain Spencer was placed in command of a company organized to march to the defence of Fort Meigs, Elias Hughes being the First Lieuten ant. A companv of mounted men was also raised for some tempo rary purpose, which I believe was commanded by Captain Robert Davidson. Three companies were raised in Licking County during the Mexican war, one of them being mounted men under the command of Captain John R. Duncan. The two infantry companies were commanded by Captain Richard Stadden. 6o CENTENNIAL HISTORY OP The number of men who entered the military service of the country during the late war for the Union, was probably not much less than three thousand, four hundred and sixty-six of whom are known to have lost their valuable, noble lives in said service. Their names, with the time and place of enlistment and death of each one, the commands to which they were attached and other facts of interest pertaining to them, have all been published in a neat pamphlet. In the earlier history of our County, every able-bodied man be tween the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, was, by law, enroUed for military duty, and he was expected to perform several days of that kind of duty in each year. Then " military trainings," " company musters," " general musters," "officers musters," "regimental train ings," " brigade trainings," and such like mUitary performances were popular; and very numerous were volunteer, riffe, and infantry com panies, well uniformed and under good dicipline, as well as militia companies of less pretensions. Although there is now less pomp and parade, less display of mUitary toggery, of brassy ornaments, of gilt buttons and sUver lace, of sword and sash, of bespangled regi- ¦ mentals and gay cockades, yet there is not less patriotism among the people as was clearly established during the terrible years of the late rebeUion. The demands upon the patriotism of the people of Licking County have been promptly and fully met. It is a noteworthy fact, as indicating the great -vitality and vigor of the military as a controUing power in this County, in early as well as in later times, that our " military chieftains," pretty uniformly at tained to positions of honor and profit in civil life. This was exemp lified in the election to high civil offices of Generals Philemon Beech er, Joseph Vance, Duncan Mc Arthur, Robert Lucas, Return Jonathan Meigs, and many others, who, though not residents of our County, nevertheless received the suffrages of our citizens. Of those who were citizens of this County I name Generals John Spencer, Augus tine Munson, and Jonathan Taylor; also Colonels John Stadden, WiUiam W. Gault, Joshua Mathiot, William Spencer, John Stewart, J. B. W. Haynes, James Parker, James Kilbourn, WiUiam Gass; also Majors Jeremiah R. Munson, Anthony Pitzer, Stephen C. Smith, Elisha Warren, and others that inight be named. It is an indication of patriotism to honor those who have rendered valuable military services, and if so, Patriotism was a distinguishing characteristic of our eariier setders, and Licking County should not be less redolent now than then of patriotic heroism. , Licking county, ohio. 6i MAJOR JEREMIAH R. MUNSON AND GENERAL JOHN SPENCER. In the year 1805, two men settled within the limits of this Coun ty, who subsequently attracted to themselves a large share of public attention, figured extensively in high military and civil positions, and who enjoyed to an unusual extent, the public confidence and regard. These men were Major Jeremiah R. Munson and General John Spencer. They were both undoubted patriots — both, early in the war of 1812, entered the military service of their country — both were included in General Hull's capitulation at Detroit — both subsequent ly re-entered the army — both were shot and narrowly escaped death — both made good military or war records — both were summoned, I believe, as witnesses at the Court Martial of HuU — both were honorably discharged from the army — both served creditably as Representatives of Licking County in the State Legislature — both were men of energy, enterprise, and great popularity — both possess ed fine social qualities and commanding influence — both were men of ambition and of honor — both had strong convivial proclivities — both merited and enjoyed high consideration — the floods engulfed them both, one a little more, the other a year less than half a century ago — both reached the end, when they had passed but little beyond "the noon of life;" and when tiie limpid waters of the Rac coon closed over the despondent, despairing Munson, a gallant, patri otic, generous life went out; and when the heroic Spencer passed out of sight, in the midst of the swoUen, turbid, fast-flowing waters of the North Fork, a brave heart ceased to bgat, a patriotic life came to an end, a gallant soldier died, an upright Magistrate ceased to be, an incorruptible Legislator was no more, an honest man passed on to his final reckoning! Both shared largely in the commiserations of "troops of friends," sincere, devoted. A "POLITICAL WHIRLWIND. A most extraordinary political excitement pervaded Licking County, as well as the country at large, during the year 1840 — the year of "the log-cabin-hard-cider-and-coon-skin campaign." As in dicated, it was not a local but a general tornado raging with more or less fury, in all the States of the American Union, but in none of them was the hurricane wilder than in Ohio, and in no locality did it rage more furiously than in " Old Licking." The people were wont to meet in immense crowds, and became intensely excited under the 62 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF declamatory harangues of wranglers, demagogues and stump orators. The inflammatory appeals of the party press of the country, address ed to the passions, super-added to the fanatical and exciting speeches of the heated partisans, and candidates for pubHc offices, roused the people as they had never been roused before, and worked them up to fever heat, producing a state of wild delirium among them, hitherto unparallelled in the history of the country and never after wards approached in infuriated fanaticism. The stormy passions of the masses were lashed into uncontrolable fury, who often displayed an intensity of feeling wholly unknown before, and manifested a degree of extravagance and wildness in the discussion of political questions that was a marvel to the few sober-minded men of both parties, that remained in a measure unaffected in the midst of the frenzy that had siezed upon the multitudes. These abnormal mani festations characterized one portion of the people, -while the other portion, little, if any less excited or delirious, erected their lofty hickory poles, surmounted them with huge hickory brooms, and displayed living roosters in various ways and in every conceivable manner, as the representative of antagonism to the coon, -while their speeches about equaled in defamation of character the ribaldry of the doggerels sung by the former. And all this hullabaloo, this frantic madness, resulted from a determination of the party of the first part, to prevent the re-election of Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson, and substituting for them General WilHam H. Harrison and John Tyler — this and nothing more! The question was, shall we elect General Harrison or Martin Van Buren President.? Licking County decided by about 200 majority in favor of the latter. The great gathering of the clans during the year, was in Newark, on the 4tli of July, Thomas Corwin being the Whig orator of the occasion" and John Brough the Democratic. Sam. White and Joshua Mathiot were the chief local orators of the former and B. B. Taylor and James Parker of the latter. The delirium nianifested itself in the oft-repeated gathering to gether by the populace, in immense meetings, at distances so remote as to necessitate an absence of a number of days to the partial neglect of their usual avocations. The further irrational manifestations of the excited crowds while going to, and returning from those monster meetings, as well as while present at them consisted of singing songs and roUing balls — of riding from place to place in canoes on wheels, and of hauling with oxen or horses, from town to town, miniature log cabins, erected upon wheels partially Covered with coon-skins. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 63 (the ridge-pole of the roof being generally embellished with one or more live coons,) and to whose corners were clinging, by way of adornment, full grown statesmen, nibbling at corn-dodgers or sections of Johnnycake, and sipping at a gourd of hard-cider, and at intervals singing, on the highest attainable key, doggerel songs in the interest of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." A few of the Trades and Indus tries and Arts were also represented in miniature, on wheels, at the great Conventions, and temporarily operated, sometimes while in motion. Some large log-cabins, built of heavy logs, and furnished with buckeye-chairs, were built in which to hold neighborhood meet ings, and in front of which the trunk of the largest accessible buck eye tree was erected, surmounted with a cider-barrel and a gourd attached! One of these log-cabins, with the usual adjuncts, was erected in Newark and used for many months for the practice of the oratory, the eloquence, the minstrelsy peculiar to that year. GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONS. Abstract of votes' cast by Licking County, and for whom, at the various Gubernatorial elections held since the County was organized. TOTAL CANDIDATES. YEAR. VOTE. 1810. Return Jonathan Meigs 220 Thomas Worthington 179 399 l8l3. Thomas Scott , . 433 Return Jonathan Meigs 206 639 1814. Thomas Worthington 553 Othniel Looker 5 558 1816. Thomas Worthington 640. James Dunlap 20. 660 1818. Ethan Allen Brown 915. James Dunlap 71. 986, 64 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF 1820. Ethan AUen Brown 864. William H. Harrison 238. Jeremiah Morrow •. 108. 12 10. 1822. William W. Irwin 993. Jeremiah Morrow 371- Allen Trimble 238. 1602. 1824. Jeremiah Morrow i^SS- Allen Trimble 521. 1676. 1826. Alien Trimble 2092. Alexander Campbell 16. Benjamin Tappan 11. John Bigger 6. 2125. 1828. John W. Campbell i79i- Allen Trimble 1065; 2856. 1830. Robert Lucas ; 1224. Duncan McArthur 1077. 2301. 1832. Robert Lucas 2059. Darius C. Lyman , i599- 3^5^- 1834. Robert Lucas 2201. James Findlay 1390. 359^- 1836. EH Baldwin 2578. Joseph Vance ,..,,.......,..., 2136. 47i4- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 65 1838. Wilson Shannon 3162. Joseph Vance 2218. 5380. 1840. Wilson Shannon 3580. Thomas Corwin : 3353- %33- 1842. Wilson Shannon 3485- Thomas Corwin 2755. Leicester King \' 193. 6433. 1844. David Tod ... . . .3856. Mordecai Bartley , . ..3443. Leicester King 299. 7598- 1846. David Tod 3i75- William Bebb 302 1 . Samuel Lewis 278. .6474- 1848. JohnB. Weller .3438. Seabury Ford ...:....... 3269. 6707. 1850. Reuben Wood 3485- William Johnson 2759. Edward Smith 222. 6466. 1851. Reuben Wood 3286. Samuel F. Vinton 2546. Samuel Lewis 201. 6033. 1853- WiUiam Medill 3454. Nelson Barrere. 1136. Samuel Lewis , 1072. 5662. 66 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF 1855. William Medill 2530. Salmon P. Chase 2128. AUen Trimble 722. 53S0. 1857. Henry B. Payne 3556- Salmon P. Chase 2855. Philadelphus Van Trump 147. 6558. 1859. Rufus P. Raniiey 3438- WiUiam Dennison 3030. 6468. 1861. Hugh J. Jewett 3582. David Tod 3014' 6596. 1863. John. Brough. . 3842. Clement L. Valandingham. 3839. 7681 1865. George W. Morgan 3804. Jacob D. Cox 3153. 6956. 1867. Allen G. Thurman 444i- Rutherford B. Hayes 31 55- 759^- 1869. George W. Pendleton 4406. Rutherford B. Hayes 3107. 7'5i3- 1871. George W. McCook ^I_298. Edward F. Noyes 311^- Gideon T. Stewart 12. 7425, LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. (,>^ 1873- William Allen 41 1 5- Edward P. Noyes 2749. Gideon T. Stewart 143. Isaac Collins : 56. 7063. 1875. WilHam Allen .¦ 5 142- Rutherford B. Hayes 3617. 8759. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS OF LICKING COUNTY. [Inadvertently omitting two names in giving the list of Licking County's Presidential Electors, on page 37, we give the list again, this time in full, as follows.] Daniel Humphrey served in 1856 James R. Stanbery " " 1S64 WiUiam D. HamUton '• " 186S Isaac Smucker " " 1872 Edward M. Downer " " - 1876 MAIL FACILITIES AND POST OFFICES. The advance in Mail facilities, and the increase in Post Offices from time to time, well illustrate- the growth of our County. During the first five years after the first settlement of the County, Zanesville was our nearest Post Office. Newark was then made a post town, and some years thereafter a Post Office was established in GranviUe. A weekly mail, carried on horseback, supplied these offices. A Post Office was established at Utica about 1815, and not long thereafter one was established in Hanover at Chester Well's, and another be tween Newark and Utica, called Newton Mills. These were the principal offices before 1825, except those at Johnstown, Vandorn's, and Homer, numbering eight in all, which were chiefly suppHed by the two mail routes, one crossing the County East and West, the other North and^South, run by two-horse, and sometimes four-horse stages, twice, a week. After 1828 came the ponderous, fast-going four-horse coach, running daily at about seven miles per hour. After- wards came the packets, and the pony express — now we have out principal mails carried daily or twice a day, in Rail Road Cars moving CENTENNIAL HISTORY OP at the rate of thirty mUes an hour. Our Post Offices now numbering thirty-five in all, there being one or more in almost every Township of the County, so that probably not a single man in Licking County but lives within less than five miles of a Post Office. DISTINGUISHED LICKING PIONEERS: William Dragoo was captured in the Monongahela country, in 1786, by the Indians, and taken to the Mad River, following a trail up the Licking and Raccoon Valleys, through Raccoontown, an Indian town on the Raccoon creek, situated near the present village of Johnstown. He lived with the Indians about twenty-five years and afterwards was long a Citizen of Licking County, dying some thirty years ago. He was married twice and raised two sets of child ren, the first being half Indians, their mother being a squaw. Billy Dragoo, as he was familiarly called, never wholly abandoned his half-Indian, half- civilized habits and modes of life, but continued to spend most of his time in hunting, fishing and trapping. He also continued, until near the close of his life, to wear silver ornaments in his nose and ears, with other Indian trappings and jewelry. Mr. Dragoo was an inoffensive man, esteemed by his acquaintances, and left some descendants, who still remain in our County. Patrick Gass had a temporary residence in Licking County. He had been a member of the celebrated Expedition of Captains Lewis and Clark, from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia river, in the years 1804-05-06, and acquired an extensive reputation as the historian of said expedition. He died in Brooke County, West Virginia, April 2, 1870, in the ninety-ninth year of his age, having been for many years, the last survivor of that famous expedition. John Sparks was also a member of the Lewis and Clark expe dition, and lived for many years in Licking County. He died in 1846, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. Amos H. Caffee came to Newark in 1811, and was afterwards and until his death in 1862, a leading and public spirited citizen, and valuable man. He held the offices of Clerk of the Court, County Recorder, Post Master, Mayor of Newark and various other positions of honor. Mr. Caffee was patriotic to the core, and rendered some service to his country during the war of 1812, and none felt a deeper interest in the perpetuation of our repubhcan institutions, and in the success of the Federal army during the Great Rebellion. LICKING COUNtY, OHIO. 69 Hon. William Stanbery came to Newark in 1809, being then a young lawyer from New York city. He was a man of great talents and recognized as the leading lawyer of Licking County for forty years. Mr. Stanbery's professional services were in great demand, and he attained great distinction at the Bar. He also served in the State Senate in 1824-26, and in Congress from 1827 to 1833. •'^''• Stanbery died at "Oakland," his country seat near Newark, January 23d, 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-five years. He was a native of Essex County, New Jersey, where he was born August loth, 1788. Judge Fidler settled in Licking County in 181 1. He was a West Virginian, and spent a number of years before his removal to this County as an itinerant preacher. From 1801 to 1807 he minis tered to the Frederick, Pittsburgh, Erie, Clarksburg, Botetourt and Staunton circuits. He was elected an Associate Judge in 1813 and served as such until 1823. Judge Fidler left this County in 1835, and located in Miami County, where he died in 1849, at the age of seventy-one years. He was a mart of considerable ability, and of fair character. His associates on the Bench of Judges were William WUson, Henry Smith, William Hains, Anthony Pitzer and Zachariah Davis. Hon. Stephen C. Smith was a native of New Jersey, but settled in Muskingum County, before the war of 1812, served as Associate Judge some time, and as Adjutant in Colonel Cass' regi ment. He also represented said County in the State Legislature in 1813-14 and 1815, and Licking County in 1826-27. He was a man of ability. Colonel John Hollister was a prominent settler near the mouth of the Rocky Fork, in 1806, and was a man of wealth and in fluence, and made himself useful among the Pioneer settlers of our County. Zachariah Albaugh was a Revolutionary soldier, and was a long time I'esident of Newton Township, where he died November 9th, 1857, at the ripe age of more than a hundred years! Thomas McKean Thompson was an early settler and a gentle man of extensive information and wealth, and exercised considerable influence in moulding the character of the people of McKean Town ship. He served the County as one of its Commissioners from 1822 to 1825. In his intercourse with mankind he was affable, polite, and made himself interesting in conversation. He came from Pennsyl vania where he served a number of years in the capacity of private 70 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Secretary to Governor McKean. He gave the name to the Town ship. Colonel Cornelius Devinney was a man of mark in Mc Kean Township. He wag a Virginia gentieman of the " Old School" — affable and pleasant in his manners, genial, companionable, inteUi gent, of good conversational powers and a man withal of sterling integrity. My recollections of him are of the kind I cherish for men of frankness and candor. Elias Howell was also a leading man. He was a weU-inform- ed gentieman who acquired great popularity among the people, and inffuence and power over them by his affability, pohteness and sociaHty. He was coUector of taxes from 1824 to 1827; Sheriff from 1836 to 1830; State Senator from 1S30 to 1832; and a member of Congress from 1835 to 1837. He lived many years in McKean Town ship and died there. Theophilus Rees, a Welsh gentleman settled on the Welsh Plills in 1803, and was regarded as the Patriarch of his countrymen within our County. He was a man of some education, of integrity, of inteUigence, good morals, of excellent Christian character, and of great usefulness. He was one of the original members of the Welsh Hills Baptist Church, organized September 4th, 180S. His death took place, in February, 1813, at the age of sixty-six years. Dr. John J. Brice settled in Newark in 1803, and for the entire period of more than one generation sustained himself in an extensive practice of his profession. He was from Western Virginia, and had been a student of the distinguished Dr. Benjamin Rush. Dr Brice acquired large wealth, and died in advanced life. He -was the cotem- porary of Colonel Robert Davidson, David Moore, John Cunning ham, Benjamin Briggs, Colonel W. W. Gault, Amos H. Caffee, Jona than Taylor, Joshua Mathiot, William Stanbery, Judge Searle, Stephen McDougal, Judge Fidler, Bradley Buckingham, Stephen C. Smith, Judge Davis and other prominent early-time citizens of Lick ing County. William O'Banon was a man of great industry, energy and enterprise and became a successful agriculturalist and stock-raiser. His intelligence, frugality and thorough devotion to business were re warded with eminent success in the acquisition of property, for he had attained to the general reputation of the largest land owner in our County, at the time of his death, which occurred when he had reached about tlie seventy-third year of his age. Judge O'Banon was one of the early-time Justice's of the Peace of Madison Town- LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 71 ship, and served as an Associate Judge of our Common Pleas Court from 1825 to 1839, a period of fourteen years. He discharged his official duties with fidelity, and through life sustained a good reputa tion. He was distinguished for the qualities that characterized the better class of our early pioneer settlers, and was faithful in the dis charge of his duties as husband, father, citizen, neighbor, and friend. Judge O'Bannon settled upon the banks of the Shawnee Run in 1803, and remained there more than fifty years, and until the period of his death. Benjamin Green and Richard Pitzer, son-in-law of the former, left their mountain home in Allegheny County, Maryland, in 1799, and came to the Northwest Territory. They spent one year near the mouth of the Muskingum, and in the Spring of 1800 settled on Shawnee run, two miles below the junction of the North and South Forks of the Licking. Here they remained two years and .both settled in Hog Run Valley. The first named was a Revolution ary soldier, and both were first-class Pioneers. It was at the cabin of Mr. Green, where, in 1804, Rev. Asa Shinn organized the Pioneer Church formed within the present limits of Licking County. Mr_ Green became a Baptist Minister and died in 1835 at the ripe age of seventy-six years. Rev. Joseph Thrap came from the " Monongahela country," in 1805, and settled near the Eastern borders of our County. He was a Methodist minister and a man of integrity, inffuence, character and fair abilities, and made himself extensively useful. He died in Muskingum County, May 12 1866, aged ninety years. Major Anthony Pitzer was a native of Virginia, removed to Allegheny County, Maryland, and from thence to the Hog Run settlement in 1803. He patriotically and gallantly served his coun try in the war of 1812, and secured the confidence of the public to the extent of repeated elections to the Legislature, which body also elected him an Associate Judge in 1816. He died May 14th, 1852, at the age of eighty-six years. Alexander Holden, Esq^, was a man of decision and marked character, an early settler, who held many offices of trust and responsibility, and was a leading man in Licking Township for many years. He was elected to the Legislature in 1808. Rev. Thomas Dickson Baird, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Newark from 1815 to 1S20, was a man of marked charac teristics and of great intellectual power. He was a native of Scot land, and possessed one of those massive, logical minds, the 72 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF Dr. Chalmer's sort of intellects so rarely produced. Probably Rev, Asa Shinn and Bishop Hamline are the only men of all who ever ministered steadily to Licking County congregations that attained to greater distinction, or who gave evidence of possessing equal intel lectual force and vigor. Judge Henry Smith was one of Licking County's early and useful citizens. He came in 1804, and was one of the Judges of our Common Pleas Courts from 1809 to 1823. He died in advanced life. His widow who was an admirable Pioneer woman, survived him until October 23, 1867, having attained the great age of ninety- seven years. .Mrs. Priest, a near neighbor of Mrs. Smith, and like her, an early Pioneer, also died near the same time, at the great age of over one hundred years! And it would be inexcusable in me if I failed to make honorable mention in this connection of Mrs. Catharine Stadden, to whom we are largely indebted for the preservation of many of the facts given in this Centennial History of our Couiitv. She was a first-class Pioneer woman, very liberally endowed with inteUect and memory, and placed us under many obligations by her readiness to communi cate whatever of knowledge she possessed, relating to the early history of the Licking Valley. Mrs. Stadden settled here in the year 1800, and died July 3d, 1870, in the ninety-first year of her age. She was the wife and widow of Isaac Stadden, the first elected Magis trate within the present limits of Licking Countv. PROMINENT men OF LICKING COUNTY. I have already given brief sketches of some of our Pioneers, or those who acted prominent parts in this County during the first half of our country's Centennial period. It may not be amiss also to give the names of some of those who commenced their career here during the first half and finished it during the last half of the Century. Con spicuous among this class were Captain Bradley Buckingham, David Moore, Isaac Stadden, Colonel Robert Davidson, Rees Dariinton, Benjamin Briggs, Major John Stewart, Colonel W. W. Gault, John Cunningham, Esq., Stephen McDougal, Sereno Wright, Major Elisha Warren, Judge Bancroft, WiUiam HuU, John Van Buskirk, Captain Samuel Elliott, William Gavitt, Captain Willard Warner, James GiUespie, James Holmes, Colonel WiUiam Spencer, Richard Lam son, Peter Schmucker, Ain9S H. Caffee, and many others. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 73 To give a measure of completeness to this Centennial History of Licking County, I beg leave also to bring to notice some of the gentlemen who have most conspicuously identified themselves with our County during the latter half only of the Centennial period now closing. Prominent among the list given under this head are Jona than Taylor, Joshua Mathiot, and Daniel Duncan, who- were all elected to Congress, as well as to other positions of honor and respon sibility. Another trio of this class consisted of Israel Dille, Dr. J. N. Wilson, and Lucius Case, all men of intelligence, extensive informa tion and talents who were largely influential in giving direction to public sentiment. They were original thinkers, zealous investigators, enthusiastic students. The two first named pushed their investiga tions in the direction of Philosophy and the Natural Sciences, with diligence and a good degree of success. The tastes of the latter led him to the study of Jurisprudence and Political Economy; hence he became prominent as a lawyer, and as an active and influential de bater in the Constitutional Convention of 1851-53. Conspicuous also among our latter-half-century-men was he who was familiarly called Sam. White. He was an influential Legislator for a time, and more over attained to the highest reputation among us as a popular Orator, and an unfaltering Friend of Freedom! Colonel B. B. Taylor too, for a brief space as Senator and political Ora'tor, filled a large space in the public eye. James Parker and James R. Stanbery, also obtain ed distinction as public speakers, not only at the ^bar and before political assemblies, but also as grave and dignified Senators. Among others of our modern Legislators were Samuel D. King, George H. Flood, P. N. O'Banon, Daniel Duncan, W. B. Woods, Charles Fol lett, WiUard Warner, Dr. Walter B. Morris, R. B. Truman, George B. Smythe, John F. Follett, C. B. Giffin, William Parr, WiUiam Bell, J. B. Jones, J. W. Owens, W. D. Smith, and others, who exerted a degree of influence, as members of our State Legislature. Among those of our citizens other than Legislators who hava " done the State some service," and acquired honorable distinction in other departments of the public service, or in the line-'of their own chosen pursuits, are Presidents Pratt, Going, Bailey, HaU and Talbott, of Denison University; Judges Searle, Buckingham, Brumback and Follett; W. D. Morgan, T. J. Davis, M. M. Munson,' L. B.^Wing, A. B. Clark, Dr. J. R. Black, T.J. Anderson, Colonel WilHam Spencer, WilHam, P. Kerr, J. W. Webb, C. H. Kibler, Rev.|^Ebenezer Buck ingham, Rev. Alexander Duncan, Dr. E4ward Sjtanbery, Rev. H. M- H'fcfvdy, ReV. Isaac N- Walters, Dr.^^Danlel Marble, and mafly otiiets 74 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF that might be named, including the still living former residents of Licking County, Samuel Park, Esq., of Illinois, a voluminous and widely-known writer on various subjects; Dr. Z. C. McElroy, of Zanesville, a strong, vigorous, original thinker, and an extensive con tributor to the best Medical Journals of Europe and America; and Dr. T. B. Hood, of Washington City, who made an honorable, widely- extended, and well-known reputation for himself while in the service of the Medical Department during the late rebellion, as well as since the close of the war, as an author, in the performance of his duties in the Surgeon General's Department of the Government. And I also avail myself of this occasion to make mention of otlier gentlemen who were natives of Licking County, or resi dents of it in early life, that attained, to a good degree of distinction in other sections of our country, both in military and civil life. And first of those whose military services brought them prominently be fore the country I name General Samuel R. Curtis, General William S. Rosecrans, General Charles Griffin, General B. W. Brice, General W. D. Hamilton, General Charles B. Woods, General Willard War ner, and General William B. Woods. Of eminent Civilians those whose names occur to me at this moment, were Horatio J. Harris, a Senator in Indiana, and a United States District Attorney in Mis sissippi; Ed. Roye, who attained to the position of President of the Republic of Liberia; James F. Wilson, long a distinguished member of Congress from Iowa; James B. Howell, -a United States Senator from Iowa; General Willard Warner, a member of the United States Senate from Alabama; Hon. WiUiam B. Woods, a Judge of the Federal Courts in Louisiana and other Southern States; and George H. Flood, American Minister to the Republic of Texas; "Johnny Clem," a favorite Orderly of General Thomas' and now an officer in the Regular Army, also acquired a National reputation as the youngest and smallest soldier in the Union Army, as well as for gallant con duct. Colonel W. H. Hollister, too has acquired wide-spread fame as one of the largest of American land-owners and stock-raisers. He is a native of Licking County, now a citizen of California. Thomas Jones, the Sculptor, and Rev. Dr. Rosecrans, the popular Roman Catholic Bishop, are also entitled to mention in this connection, the latter being a native, and the former a resident in early life, of Lick ing County. Mr. Jones has been a resident of Cincinnati, for many years, and has a National reputation. Bishop Rosencrans is now an honored citizen of Columbus, enjoying the confidence of the entire community. LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 75 OUR NEWSPAPER ENTERPRISES. It will be impracticable to do little more than to give the names of the Newspapers that have been published in Licking County. The first attempt to publish a Newspaper among us was made by Benjamin Briggs, who, in 1820, established the Advocate, which being still published has had a continuous existence for fifty-six years. The second paper published was called the Wanderer. It was started in Granville in 1822, by Sereno Wright. It died in a year or two. The Newark Gazette, established in Newark in 1827, by Rufus Henry and Dr. Daniel Marble, was the third paper started in Licking County. The Gazette, under a variety of names has had a continuous existence of nearly half a century, and now ap pears as the Newark Weekly American, Clark & Underwood being the proprietors, publishers and editors. The Newark Banner is a new paper issued in Newark, once a week, by MUton R. Scott. It is devoted to Temperance, local interests, also to general and home news. The Denison Collegian is a semi-monthly collegiate publication, issued in GranviUe, con ducted by a committee of Students of Denison University. The sub scribers to the various weekly papers and to the Denison Col legian, would probably aggregate about six thousand. That the newspaper and periodical press of the country is an extensive and potent educator, for good or evil, and that it has been, and is now, largely influential in forming, leading and directing public opinion on the various subjects that claim attention, and on all questions that come up for discussion, does not admit of a doubt. It was the re peated remark of Benjamin Briggs, the " Nestor of the Licking County Press," as he -was frequently styled, that the Newspaper literature of the country at large was the cheapest and meanest Utera ture extant. Whether that opinion .was correct or not of newspaper literature, generally, I do not assume to decide, but that the news paper and periodical press has been and continues to be a power, under our free institutions, does not admit of a doubt, and therefore being thus potential " for weal or woe," it becomes a matter of great importance that an engine of such overwhelming power be operated in the interests of Patriotism, of Truth, of Virtue and Morality. I have given the titles of only the five Newspapers no-w being published in our County, but as many others have existed that are now " no more," the history of the Newspaper press of Licking County, would be incomplete without a brief mention at least of the )6 CENtenniAl history op others that played their brief part on the stage and then "went out." I present the titles they bore, as near as I can from memory, and in the order of their publication. The Constitutionalist was started in 1837. In 1843 its name was changed to the Licking Herald, and in 1856 it took the name of the Newark Times, which it retained until 1859, when it died. The Harrisonian was published as a campaign paper in 1840; so also was the Democratic Rasp. In 1842 the Laborer was started but having but little support it soon "went under." The Oriental EvANic had a short-lived career in 1845; so also had the Spy, pub lished a few years later- The Granville Intelligencer followed next, in 1847, ^"'^ '^^ was afterwards called the Licking Bee. In 1867 the Denisonian was started by the College boys in Granville; and was soon follow ed by the Herbarium, which was edited by the young ladies of the Kerr Seminary. The four last named were published in Granville. Next came the Voice of The People in i860, foUowed by the True Democrat in 1862, and by the Licking Record in 1863. In 1866 came the Reveille and Wool-Grower. The Sower, also the Monthly Voice, two Swedenborgian papers had each a short life. The Collegian, was started in 1867 and in 1869 took the name of Denison Collegian, Papers By The Way died long ago and so also did all the Daily's that were ever attempted in Newark. A HOME for the FRIENDLESS. Another incident or fact in our County's history, I propose to recood, and it affords me great gratification to do so. It entered into the Hberal mind of Mr. Lucius Humphrey, one of our most philanthropic citizens, to signalize one of the closing years of our Centennial period, (and which also proved to be one of the closing years of his own Hfe,) by generously donating a tract of ten acres of land, situated within the corporate limits of Columbus, to the noble purpose of establishing a " Home for the Friendless," in Licking County. The liberal donor of the munificent gift selected Judges Buckingham and FoUett, and the writer hereof, as Trustees to carry his benevolent purpose into effect, who promptly accepted the trust, entered into the possession of the property, and will as soon Licking county, ohio. 77 a.s practicable, make sale of it and then proceed to give effect to the noble purpose of the Friend of the Friendless, who, though dead, will yet speak, and more than speak, in behalf of the widow, the orphan, and "those who have no helper." CONCLUSION. Let me say in conclusion that I have thus endeavored to present you an opportunity to take a sort of a "birds-eye view" of Licking County, from the beginning of this Centennial period, and through each and all of the passing years thereof, down to the present time — - even down to this anniversary of American Independence, which to-day closes the first century of our Country's Freedom. It would be a work of supererogation to hold up to view before vou the present in sharp contrast with the condition of things existing dur ing any one of the decades of the past century. If I have not failed in my purpose that contrast has been present before you, through out the entire time I have occupied in giving you the facts, incidents and events contained in this Centennial History of our County. Suffice it only to say that at the beginning of the Century, that is, in 1776, the territory that now constitutes Licking County was a " waste howling wilderness " — no white man then lived or ever had lived here — our County, for more than a quarter of a Century, yea for the entire period thereafter, of a full generation, had no existence as a civil organization — what Licking County is now, at the termination of this Centennial year, in all its varied interests, I have attempted to tell you. Seventy- eight years have transpired since the first white settle ment was made within the present territorial limits of Licking Coun ty, and but one man remains with us who was himself personally connected with that event — who was "part and parcel" of the Hughes and Ratliff colony of twenty-one persons that squatted on the "Bowling Green," in the Spring of 1798. He was born in Harrison County, Virginia, in 1796, and has therefore attained to the mature years of an octogenarian. In 1798, our now aged Pioneer, then two years old, was placed in one end of a salt sack, a hole being cut into it to admit him, his head protruding through it, and his brother being similarly placed in the other end of the sack, which was then thrown across a horse with a pack-saddle upon it. Thus were two of Captain Elias Hughes' thirteen children brought to the Bowling Green, only one of whom, (Jonathan,) survives, his life 78 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF . running through and covering the entire period of the occupancy by the white race, of the territory now constituting the County of Lick ing! I deem it appropriate to close this Centennial History with this allusion to the salt-sack boy of 1798, and the now venerable octogenarian Pioneer veteran of this Centennial occasion, Colonel Jonathan Hughes, who happily is with us to-day in full health and vigor! LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 79 INDEX. page. Agricultural, Sta,tistics, (Farms, Animals, Products, &c,,) 35. "Appleseed, Johnny," and Chaplain Jones, 48 Assessors, (County,) 32 Auditors, (County,) 32 Camp-Meetings in 1825 56 Celebration, (at the Licking Summit in 1825,) 55, Church Statistics 40 Collectors, (of Taxes,) 33 Circular Hunt in 1823 49 Coroners, (County,). . 34 Civil History 11 Clerks of Common Pleas Courts 29 Commissioners, (County,) , 30. Commissioner's Clerks '. 31 Conclusion 77 Congressmen, (list of,) 34 Diamond, Peter, (Farce of Hanging and yet not Hanging,). ... 57 Educational Statistics and Interests-. 37 Electors, (Presidential,) 67 Elliott, (Judge,) and the Indians. 42 Enemies of the Early Settlers 44, Extent, Topography and Streams of Licking County. 7 First Settlers and First Settlements 11 Granville Colony's first Sabbath in the Wilderness 46 Gubernatorial Elections from 1810 to 1876, inclusive 63 Home for the Friendless 76 Horse-Racing in 1825 ; 58 Hughes and the Indian Horse-Thieves 43 Incident of 1810 47 Incident, (an Early-Time,) 49, Incidents 42 Independence Day in Newark in 1807 46 Indians '. , . , 6, Inhabitants of Newark and of Licking County 34 Internal Improvements, (Canal, Turnpike and Rail Roads,). ... 37 Jones, (Chaplain,) Rev. David 48 Judges and Clerk of Court of Common Pleas in 1808 18 Judges, (President and Associates,) 27 Jticlgfes, (Pfdbatg,) ; 28 Bo Licking Summit Celebration, July 4th, 1825 55. Mail Facilities and Post Offices 67. Marshals, (to take the Census,) 33. Manufactures 36. Members of Constitutional Conventions 37. Members of the Legislature, (popular branch) 1- Memorable Year, (1835,) 5" Mound-Builders 3. Munson and Spencer '. 61. Newspapers, (titles of) . 75. Patriotism of Lidding County 59, Pioneers, (distinguished,) of Licking County 68, Pioneers, tlieir Characteristics, &c., 41. Pioneer Preachers and Church Organizations 19, Population of Newark and of Country Villages 21 Presidential Electors 67. Prominent Men of Licking County. 72. Prosecuting Attorneys 29, Refugee Lands — United States' Military Lands 10. Recorders, ( County,) 30. Settlers of the year 1800 12. Settlers and Settlements of the year 1801 14. Settlers and Settlements of the year 1803 15. Settlers and Settlements from 1803 to 1809 16. Senators, (State,) 24. Sheriffs 28, Social Organizations; (InteUectual, Literary, Agricultural &c,,) . 38, Squirrel Hunts 52, Statistics, (Agricultural) 34, 35 Storm, (Burlington,) r^?. Sunday in Newark, in 1 803 aa. Surveyors, (County,) o^.. Taxes, (Amount Collected in Licking County,) 35, Townships — when organized — when settled 20, Townships — number of Inhabitants — when setded — and by whom 33, Treasurers, (County,) -i^,. United States' MUitary Lands — Refugee Lands 10. Villages — when laid out and by whom 23. Whirlwind, (PoHtical,) 61' • > I 1 1 .1; ¦" ¦» , * ' • , ijf t ¦» '' .-,'>. I > t 'i . 1 » ^ 1" " .: ¦';' 1 » 1 ) ' , 'J